The Jungle (Webster's Korean Thesaurus Edition)

THE JUNGLE WEBSTER'S KOREAN THESAURUS EDITION

for ESL, EFL, ELP, TOEFL®, TOEIC®, and AP® Test Preparation

Upton Sinclair

TOEFL, TOEIC, AP and Advanced Placement are trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which has neither reviewed nor endorsed this book. All rights reserved.

The Jungle Webster's Korean Thesaurus Edition

for ESL, EFL, ELP, TOEFL®, TOEIC®, and AP® Test Preparation

Upton Sinclair

TOEFL®, TOEIC®, AP® and Advanced Placement® are trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which has neither reviewed nor endorsed this book. All rights reserved.

ii ICON CLASSICS Published by ICON Group International, Inc. 7404 Trade Street San Diego, CA 92121 USA www.icongrouponline.com The Jungle: Webster's Korean Thesaurus Edition for ESL, EFL, ELP, TOEFL®, TOEIC®, and AP® Test Preparation This edition published by ICON Classics in 2005 Printed in the United States of America. Copyright ©2005 by ICON Group International, Inc. Edited by Philip M. Parker, Ph.D. (INSEAD); Copyright ©2005, all rights reserved. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. Copying our publications in whole or in part, for whatever reason, is a violation of copyright laws and can lead to penalties and fines. Should you want to copy tables, graphs, or other materials, please contact us to request permission (E-mail: [email protected]). ICON Group often grants permission for very limited reproduction of our publications for internal use, press releases, and academic research. Such reproduction requires confirmed permission from ICON Group International, Inc. TOEFL®, TOEIC®, AP® and Advanced Placement® are trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which has neither reviewed nor endorsed this book. All rights reserved. ISBN 0-497-90019-X

iii

Contents PREFACE FROM THE EDITOR .......................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1 ...................................................................................................................... 2 CHAPTER 2 .................................................................................................................... 22 CHAPTER 3 .................................................................................................................... 33 CHAPTER 4 .................................................................................................................... 46 CHAPTER 5 .................................................................................................................... 59 CHAPTER 6 .................................................................................................................... 70 CHAPTER 7 .................................................................................................................... 80 CHAPTER 8 .................................................................................................................... 91 CHAPTER 9 .................................................................................................................... 99 CHAPTER 10................................................................................................................. 108 CHAPTER 11................................................................................................................. 119 CHAPTER 12................................................................................................................. 129 CHAPTER 13................................................................................................................. 137 CHAPTER 14................................................................................................................. 146 CHAPTER 15................................................................................................................. 154 CHAPTER 16................................................................................................................. 169 CHAPTER 17................................................................................................................. 179 CHAPTER 18................................................................................................................. 191 CHAPTER 19................................................................................................................. 203 CHAPTER 20................................................................................................................. 214 CHAPTER 21................................................................................................................. 225 CHAPTER 22................................................................................................................. 236 CHAPTER 23................................................................................................................. 248 CHAPTER 24................................................................................................................. 259 CHAPTER 25................................................................................................................. 273 CHAPTER 26................................................................................................................. 295 CHAPTER 27................................................................................................................. 313 CHAPTER 28................................................................................................................. 329 CHAPTER 29................................................................................................................. 345 CHAPTER 30................................................................................................................. 355 CHAPTER 31................................................................................................................. 369

iv GLOSSARY ................................................................................................................... 388

Upton Sinclair

1

PREFACE FROM THE EDITOR Webster’s paperbacks take advantage of the fact that classics are frequently assigned readings in English courses. By using a running English-to-Korean thesaurus at the bottom of each page, this edition of The Jungle by Upton Sinclair was edited for three audiences. The first includes Koreanspeaking students enrolled in an English Language Program (ELP), an English as a Foreign Language (EFL) program, an English as a Second Language Program (ESL), or in a TOEFL® or TOEIC® preparation program. The second audience includes English-speaking students enrolled in bilingual education programs or Korean speakers enrolled in English speaking schools. The third audience consists of students who are actively building their vocabularies in Korean in order to take foreign service, translation certification, Advanced Placement® (AP®)1 or similar examinations. By using the Webster's Korean Thesaurus Edition when assigned for an English course, the reader can enrich their vocabulary in anticipation of an examination in Korean or English. Webster’s edition of this classic is organized to expose the reader to a maximum number of difficult and potentially ambiguous English words. Rare or idiosyncratic words and expressions are given lower priority compared to “difficult, yet commonly used” words. Rather than supply a single translation, many words are translated for a variety of meanings in Korean, allowing readers to better grasp the ambiguity of English, and avoid them using the notes as a pure translation crutch. Having the reader decipher a word’s meaning within context serves to improve vocabulary retention and understanding. Each page covers words not already highlighted on previous pages. If a difficult word is not translated on a page, chances are that it has been translated on a previous page. A more complete glossary of translations is supplied at the end of the book; translations are extracted from Webster’s Online Dictionary. Definitions of remaining terms as well as translations can be found at www.websters-onlinedictionary.org. Please send suggestions to [email protected] The Editor Webster’s Online Dictionary www.websters-online-dictionary.org

1 TOEFL®, TOEIC®, AP® and Advanced Placement® are trademarks of the Educational Testing Service which has neither reviewed nor endorsed this book. All rights reserved.

2

The Jungle

CHAPTER 1

It%was four o'clock when the ceremony was over and the carriages began to arrive. There had been a crowd following all the way, owing to the exuberance of Marija Berczynskas. The occasion rested heavily upon Marija's broad shoulders—it was her task to see that all things went in due form, and after the best home traditions; and, flying wildly hither and thither, bowling every one out of the way, and scolding and exhorting all day with her tremendous voice, Marija was too eager to see that others conformed to the proprieties to consider them herself. She had left the church last of all, and, desiring to arrive first at the hall, had issued orders to the coachman to drive faster. When that personage had developed a will of his own in the matter, Marija had flung up the window of the carriage, and, leaning out, proceeded to tell him her opinion of him, first in Lithuanian, which he did not understand, and then in Polish, which he did. Having the advantage of her in altitude, the driver had stood his ground and even ventured to attempt to speak; and the result had been a furious altercation, which, continuing all the way down Ashland Avenue, had added a new swarm of urchins to the cortege at each side street for half a mile. This was unfortunate, for already there was a throng before the door. The music had started up, and half a block away you could hear the dull "broom, broom" of a cello, with the squeaking of two fiddles which vied with each other in intricate and altitudinous gymnastics. Seeing the throng, Marija abandoned

Korean altercation: 언쟁, 격론, 논쟁. cello: 첼로. coachman: 마부, 제물 낚시. cortege: 수행원, 행렬, 시종. developed: 고도로 발달한, 선진의. eager: 열심인, 열망하여, 심한, 에 열성적인, 열망하는, 갈망하는. exuberance: 풍부, 충일, 무성함, 무성. gymnastics: 체조, 체육, 운동, 지적훈련, 훈련. hither: 이쪽의, 여기로, 이리로,

여기에. leaning: 경향, 경사, 기호. mile: 마일, 일마일 경주, 먼거리, 훨씬. orders: 명령, 성직. owing: 빚지고 있는, 지불해야 할, 에 기인하는. personage: 인물, 저명 인사, 사람, 명사, 소설의 등장 인물, 등장 인물, 극의 등장 인물, 역사상의 인물. scolding: 잔소리가 심한, 잔소리, 꾸짖는, 힐책.

swarm: 떼짓다, 무리, 군중, 떼지어 분봉하다, 떼, 다수, 꿀벌떼, 기어 오르다, 부유 세포군, 분봉하다, 벌 떼. thither: 저기에, 저쪽에, 저쪽의, 저쪽으로. throng: 군중, 쇄도하다, 혼잡, 모여들다, 중압, 에 모여들다, 많은 것의 집합, 떼를 지어 모이다, 가득 메우다.

Upton Sinclair

3

precipitately the debate concerning the ancestors of her coachman, and, springing from the moving carriage, plunged in and proceeded to clear a way to the hall. Once within, she turned and began to push the other way, roaring, meantime, "Eik! Eik! Uzdaryk-duris!" in tones which made the orchestral uproar sound like fairy music.% "Z. Graiczunas, Pasilinksminimams darzas. Vynas. Sznapsas. Wines and Liquors. Union Headquarters"—that was the way the signs ran. The reader, who perhaps has never held much converse in the language of far-off Lithuania, will be glad of the explanation that the place was the rear room of a saloon in that part of Chicago known as "back of the yards." This information is definite and suited to the matter of fact; but how pitifully inadequate it would have seemed to one who understood that it was also the supreme hour of ecstasy in the life of one of God's gentlest creatures, the scene of the wedding feast and the joy-transfiguration of little Ona Lukoszaite! She stood in the doorway, shepherded by Cousin Marija, breathless from pushing through the crowd, and in her happiness painful to look upon. There was a light of wonder in her eyes and her lids trembled, and her otherwise wan little face was flushed. She wore a muslin dress, conspicuously white, and a stiff little veil coming to her shoulders. There were five pink paper roses twisted in the veil, and eleven bright green rose leaves. There were new white cotton gloves upon her hands, and as she stood staring about her she twisted them together feverishly. It was almost too much for her—you could see the pain of too great emotion in her face, and all the tremor of her form. She was so young—not quite sixteen—and small for her age, a mere child; and she had just been married—and married to Jurgis, of all men, to Jurgis Rudkus, he with the white flower in the buttonhole of his new black suit, he with the mighty shoulders and the giant hands. Ona was blue-eyed and fair, while Jurgis had great black eyes with beetling brows, and thick black hair that curled in waves about his ears—in short, they were one of those incongruous and impossible married couples with which Mother Nature so often wills to confound all prophets, before and after. Jurgis

Korean beetling: 불거진, 튀어나온. buttonhole: 단추구멍을 내다, 단추구멍, 단추 구멍, 붙들고 길게 이야기하다, 단추 구멍을 내다. confound: 혼동하다, 꺾다, 저주하다, 좌절시키다, 제기랄, 당황케하다, 곤혹케 하다, 난처하게 하다, 당황케 하다, 제기랄 가벼운 욕 망할 자식, 제기랄 망할 자식. conspicuously: 현저하게. converse: 담화, 교제, 반대, 뒤바뀐,

전환 명제, 친하게 사귀다, 함께 이야기하다, 역, 거꾸로의, 이야기하다, 회화. far-off: 아득히 먼. feverishly: 불안정하게, 열광적으로, 열나게. incongruous: 조화되지 않는, 부조리한, 어울리지 않은, 동닿지 않은, 모순된, 부적당한. muslin: 모슬린, 무명 모슬린, 캘리코. orchestral: 오케스트라의,

오케스트라용의. precipitately: 갑자기, 줄달음질쳐, 곤두박질로, 돌연. roaring: 떠들썩한, 포효, 활발한, 으르렁거림, 술마시며 떠드는, 소리, 경기가 좋은, 굉음, 극도로, 노호하는, 굉굉히 울리는. springing: 도약운동, 스프링. tremor: 전율, 떨림, 떨리는 목소리, 오싹오싹하는 흥분, 미동, 진전. uproar: 소음, 큰소란, 소동, 소란.

4

The Jungle

could take up a two-hundred-and-fifty-pound quarter of beef and carry it into a car without a stagger, or even a thought; and now he stood in a far corner, frightened as a hunted animal, and obliged to moisten his lips with his tongue each time before he could answer the congratulations of his friends.% Gradually there was effected a separation between the spectators and the guests—a separation at least sufficiently complete for working purposes. There was no time during the festivities which ensued when there were not groups of onlookers in the doorways and the corners; and if any one of these onlookers came sufficiently close, or looked sufficiently hungry, a chair was offered him, and he was invited to the feast. It was one of the laws of the veselija that no one goes hungry; and, while a rule made in the forests of Lithuania is hard to apply in the stockyards district of Chicago, with its quarter of a million inhabitants, still they did their best, and the children who ran in from the street, and even the dogs, went out again happier. A charming informality was one of the characteristics of this celebration. The men wore their hats, or, if they wished, they took them off, and their coats with them; they ate when and where they pleased, and moved as often as they pleased. There were to be speeches and singing, but no one had to listen who did not care to; if he wished, meantime, to speak or sing himself, he was perfectly free. The resulting medley of sound distracted no one, save possibly alone the babies, of which there were present a number equal to the total possessed by all the guests invited. There was no other place for the babies to be, and so part of the preparations for the evening consisted of a collection of cribs and carriages in one corner. In these the babies slept, three or four together, or wakened together, as the case might be. Those who were still older, and could reach the tables, marched about munching contentedly at meat bones and bologna sausages. The room is about thirty feet square, with whitewashed walls, bare save for a calendar. a picture of a race horse, and a family tree in a gilded frame. To the right there is a door from the saloon, with a few loafers in the doorway, and in the corner beyond it a bar, with a presiding genius clad in soiled white, with waxed black mustaches and a carefully oiled curl plastered against one side of

Korean bologna: 볼로냐소시지, 아탈리아북부도시. clad: 장비한, 입은, 다른 금속을 입히다, 덮인, 클래딩하다. contentedly: 만족스럽게. curl: 맴돌다, 때려 눕히다, 물결치게 하다, 꼬다, 곱슬곱슬해지다, 곱슬곱슬하게 하다, 위축병, 컬링놀이를 하다, 납작하게 만들다, 컬, 고수머리. distracted: 광란의, 어수선한, 빗나간.

doorway: 문간, 입구. festivities: 경축 행사, 축제, 제전. gilded: 금도금한, 화려한. informality: 비공식, 약식, 약식행위. medley: 잡동사니, 잡다한 집단, 잡색천, 혼합, 그러 모은 것, 혼합곡, 접속곡, 이것 저것을 뒤섞다, 그러 모은, 잡록. moisten: 습하게 하다, 적시다, 축축하게 하다, 습기차다. oiled: 기름을 바른, 기름에 적신,

기름을 칠한, 얼근히 취한, 취한, 얼큰히 취한, 기름에 담근, 기름을 먹인. plastered: 취한, 술에 취해서. presiding: 수석의, 주재하는, 사회하는. stagger: 비틀거리다, 망설이다, 흔들리다, 엇걸림, 깜짝 놀라다, 시차방식, 어지러움, 서로 엇걸리게 배열하다, 현기, 흔들리게 하다, 주저하다.

Upton Sinclair

5

his forehead. In the opposite corner are two tables, filling a third of the room and laden with dishes and cold viands, which a few of the hungrier guests are already munching. At the head, where sits the bride, is a snow-white cake, with an Eiffel tower of constructed decoration, with sugar roses and two angels upon it, and a generous sprinkling of pink and green and yellow candies. Beyond opens a door into the kitchen, where there is a glimpse to be had of a range with much steam ascending from it, and many women, old and young, rushing hither and thither. In the corner to the left are the three musicians, upon a little platform, toiling heroically to make some impression upon the hubbub; also the babies, similarly occupied, and an open window whence the populace imbibes the sights and sounds and odors.% Suddenly some of the steam begins to advance, and, peering through it, you discern Aunt Elizabeth, Ona's stepmother—Teta Elzbieta, as they call her— bearing aloft a great platter of stewed duck. Behind her is Kotrina, making her way cautiously, staggering beneath a similar burden; and half a minute later there appears old Grandmother Majauszkiene, with a big yellow bowl of smoking potatoes, nearly as big as herself. So, bit by bit, the feast takes form— there is a ham and a dish of sauerkraut, boiled rice, macaroni, bologna sausages, great piles of penny buns, bowls of milk, and foaming pitchers of beer. There is also, not six feet from your back, the bar, where you may order all you please and do not have to pay for it. "Eiksz! Graicziau!" screams Marija Berczynskas, and falls to work herself— for there is more upon the stove inside that will be spoiled if it be not eaten. So, with laughter and shouts and endless badinage and merriment, the guests take their places. The young men, who for the most part have been huddled near the door, summon their resolution and advance; and the shrinking Jurgis is poked and scolded by the old folks until he consents to seat himself at the right hand of the bride. The two bridesmaids, whose insignia of office are paper wreaths, come next, and after them the rest of the guests, old and young, boys and girls. The spirit of the occasion takes hold of the stately bartender, who condescends to a plate of stewed duck; even the fat policeman—whose duty

Korean aloft: 높이, 돛대 꼭대기에, 위로, 위쪽에, 위에. ascending: 올라가는, 상승적인, 오르는, 위를 향한. badinage: 농담, 놀림, 놀리며, 집적거리다, 놀리다. bartender: 바텐더. heroically: 용맹스럽게, 장렬하게, 영웅답게, 늠름하게, 영웅적으로. hubbub: 소란, 왁자지껄, 와글와글함. insignia: 기장, 훈장.

macaroni: 마카로니, 이탈리아사람, 대륙에서 돌아온 멋쟁이, 십팔세기의 영국에서 대륙에서 돌아온 멋쟁이, 이탈리아 사람. merriment: 웃고 즐기기, 흥겹게 떠들기, 환락, 유쾌, 명랑한 소동. platter: 음반, 레코드, 타원형의 얕은 큰 접시, 본루. populace: 대중, 서민, 하층 계급. sauerkraut: 소금절이 양배추, 소금에 절인 양배추.

snow-white: 눈빛. sprinkling: 살포, 흩뿌리기, 소량, 잠깐 동안의 흩뿌림, 후두두내림, 소수, 살수, 드문드문, 부슬부슬 내림, 후두두 내림. stately: 위엄 있는, 장엄한. stewed: 스튜 요리로 한, 너무 진한, 억병으로 취한, 초조한, 너무진한, 약한 불로 끓인, 뭉근불로 끊인, 약한 불로 익힌. viands: 음식물.

6

The Jungle

it will be, later in the evening, to break up the fights—draws up a chair to the foot of the table. And the children shout and the babies yell, and every one laughs and sings and chatters—while above all the deafening clamor Cousin Marija shouts orders to the musicians.% The musicians—how shall one begin to describe them? All this time they have been there, playing in a mad frenzy—all of this scene must be read, or said, or sung, to music. It is the music which makes it what it is; it is the music which changes the place from the rear room of a saloon in back of the yards to a fairy place, a wonderland, a little comer of the high mansions of the sky. The little person who leads this trio is an inspired man. His fiddle is out of tune, and there is no rosin on his bow, but still he is an inspired man—the hands of the muses have been laid upon him. He plays like one possessed by a demon, by a whole horde of demons. You can feel them in the air round about him, capering frenetically; with their invisible feet they set the pace, and the hair of the leader of the orchestra rises on end, and his eyeballs start from their sockets, as he toils to keep up with them. Tamoszius Kuszleika is his name, and he has taught himself to play the violin by practicing all night, after working all day on the "killing beds." He is in his shirt sleeves, with a vest figured with faded gold horseshoes, and a pink-striped shirt, suggestive of peppermint candy. A pair of military trousers, light blue with a yellow stripe, serve to give that suggestion of authority proper to the leader of a band. He is only about five feet high, but even so these trousers are about eight inches short of the ground. You wonder where he can have gotten them or rather you would wonder, if the excitement of being in his presence left you time to think of such things. For he is an inspired man. Every inch of him is inspired—you might almost say inspired separately. He stamps with his feet, he tosses his head, he sways and swings to and fro; he has a wizened-up little face, irresistibly comical; and, when he executes a turn or a flourish, his brows knit and his lips work and his eyelids wink—the very ends of his necktie bristle out. And every now and then

Korean bristle: 뻣뻣한 털, 촘촘이나다, 털을 곤두세우다, 강모, 곤두서다, 억센 털, 곤두세우다. clamor: 시끄럽게 요구하다, 부르짖음, 외치다, 떠들어 ...시키다, 외침와글와글 떠들다, 시끄럽게 말하다, 소란, 떠들어대다, 외치는 소리, 왁자지껄, 떠들썩함. comical: 우스꽝스러운, 익살스러운, 만화의, 희극의. deafening: 귀청이 터질듯한, 방음

장지, 방음, 방음장치, 귀청이 터질 것 같은. fro: 이리저리, 저쪽에, 앞뒤로, 저쪽으로. gotten: 과거 분사. irresistibly: 저항할 수 없는, 제어할 수 없는, 불문곡직의. mansions: 아파트. necktie: 넥타이, 목 달아매는 끈, 교수용 밧줄. peppermint: 박하 사탕, 박하,

서양박하, 박하유, 박하 드롭스. practicing: 종교의 가르침을 실천하고 있는, 개업하고 있는, 활동하고 있는, 활동하고있는. rosin: 로진, 수지가 많은, 로진으로 봉하다, 로진을 바르다, 바이올린의 활 따위에 로진을 칠하다, 로진을 칠하다. toils: 짐승을 잡는 그물. wonderland: 이상한 나라, 훌륭한 곳, 멋진 곳.

Upton Sinclair

7

he turns upon his companions, nodding, signaling, beckoning frantically—with every inch of him appealing, imploring, in behalf of the muses and their call.% For they are hardly worthy of Tamoszius, the other two members of the orchestra. The second violin is a Slovak, a tall, gaunt man with black- rimmed spectacles and the mute and patient look of an overdriven mule; he responds to the whip but feebly, and then always falls back into his old rut. The third man is very fat, with a round, red, sentimental nose, and he plays with his eyes turned up to the sky and a look of infinite yearning. He is playing a bass part upon his cello, and so the excitement is nothing to him; no matter what happens in the treble, it is his task to saw out one long-drawn and lugubrious note after another, from four o'clock in the afternoon until nearly the same hour next morning, for his third of the total income of one dollar per hour. Before the feast has been five minutes under way, Tamoszius Kuszleika has risen in his excitement; a minute or two more and you see that he is beginning to edge over toward the tables. His nostrils are dilated and his breath comes fast— his demons are driving him. He nods and shakes his head at his companions, jerking at them with his violin, until at last the long form of the second violinist also rises up. In the end all three of them begin advancing, step by step, upon the banqueters, Valentinavyczia, he cellist, bumping along with his instrument between notes. Finally all three are gathered at the foot of the tables, and there Tamoszius mounts upon a stool. Now he is in his glory, dominating the scene. Some of the people are eating, some are laughing and talking—but you will make a great mistake if you think there is one of them who does not hear him. His notes are never true, and his fiddle buzzes on the low ones and squeaks and scratches on the high; but these things they heed no more than they heed the dirt and noise and squalor about them—it is out of this material that they have to build their lives, with it that they have to utter their souls. And this is their utterance; merry and boisterous, or mournful and wailing, or passionate and rebellious, this music is their music, music of home. It stretches out its arms to them, they have only to give themselves up. Chicago and its saloons and its slums fade away—there are green

Korean boisterous: 사납게몰아치는, 난폭한, 야단법석의, 소란스러운, 사나운, 몹시 거친, 거친. cellist: 첼로연주가, 첼로 연주자, 첼로 연주가. dominating: 통치의, 지배의, 권세의. feebly: 무기력하게, 나약하게. imploring: 애원하는, 탄원의, 탄원하는. lugubrious: 애처로운, 가엾은, 슬픈듯 한, 슬픈듯한, 슬픈 듯한.

mournful: 슬픔에 잠긴, 슬픈, 애처로운. mule: 노새, 잡종, 고집쟁이, 슬리퍼, 얼간이, 외고집쟁이, 뒤축 없는 슬리퍼, 동식물의 잡종, 뮬 정방기. overdriven: 의 과거분사형. rimmed: 의 테가 있는. rut: 바퀴자국, 상례, 발정, 상습, 판에 박힌 방식, 암내남, 암내, 상투적인 방법, 발정하다, 바퀴 자국을 남기다, 바퀴자국을 내다.

signaling: 신호. squalor: 치사함, 더러움, 너더분함, 비열, 누추함. treble: 새된, 소프라노, 세 겹, 최고음부, 같은 말에 의한 세레이스 우승, 세곱하다, 삼배의, 삼배, 높은, 고음부의 악기, 고음부의 목소리. violinist: 바이올린 연주자. yearning: 동경, 열망, 포부, 대망, 사모하는, 그리움, 열망하는, 간절한 생각.

8

The Jungle

meadows%and sunlit rivers, mighty forests and snowclad hills. They behold home landscapes and childhood scenes returning; old loves and friendships begin to waken, old joys and griefs to laugh and weep. Some fall back and close their eyes, some beat upon the table. Now and then one leaps up with a cry and calls for this song or that; and then the fire leaps brighter in Tamoszius' eyes, and he flings up his fiddle and shouts to his companions, and away they go in mad career. The company takes up the choruses, and men and women cry out like all possessed; some leap to their feet and stamp upon the floor, lifting their glasses and pledging each other. Before long it occurs to some one to demand an old wedding song, which celebrates the beauty of the bride and the joys of love. In the excitement of this masterpiece Tamoszius Kuszleika begins to edge in between the tables, making his way toward the head, where sits the bride. There is not a foot of space between the chairs of the guests, and Tamoszius is so short that he pokes them with his bow whenever he reaches over for the low notes; but still he presses in, and insists relentlessly that his companions must follow. During their progress, needless to say, the sounds of the cello are pretty well extinguished; but at last the three are at the head, and Tamoszius takes his station at the right hand of the bride and begins to pour out his soul in melting strains. Little Ona is too excited to eat. Once in a while she tastes a little something, when Cousin Marija pinches her elbow and reminds her; but, for the most part, she sits gazing with the same fearful eyes of wonder. Teta Elzbieta is all in a flutter, like a hummingbird; her sisters, too, keep running up behind her, whispering, breathless. But Ona seems scarcely to hear them—the music keeps calling, and the far-off look comes back, and she sits with her hands pressed together over her heart. Then the tears begin to come into her eyes; and as she is ashamed to wipe them away, and ashamed to let them run down her cheeks, she turns and shakes her head a little, and then flushes red when she sees that Jurgis is watching her. When in the end Tamoszius Kuszleika has reached her side, and is waving his magic wand above her, Ona's cheeks are scarlet, and she looks as if she would have to get up and run away.

Korean behold: 보다. breathless: 죽은, 숨가쁜, 숨을 죽인, 바람 없는, 바람 한 점 없는, 숨도 못 쉴 정도의. fiddle: 바이올린을 켜다, 속이다, 빈들빈들 보내다, 바이올린, 농락하다, 시간을 헛되이 보내다, 사기, 그릇받이, 깡깡이, 빈들빈들 시간을 보내다, 바이올린으로 켜다. flutter: 펄럭임, 훨훨날다, 홰치다, 두근거리다, 퍼덕거리다, 나부끼다,

동요, 퍼덕이다, 날개치다, 빠르고 불규칙하게 뛰다, 활개짓. hummingbird: 벌새. masterpiece: 걸작, 대표작, 명작. melting: 녹는, 감상적인, 감동적인, 용해, 융해, 녹기 시작한, 녹기시작한, 누그러지게 하는, 부드러운, 상냥한, 감동시키는. relentlessly: 용서없이, 무정하게, 냉혹하게. sunlit: 햇볕에 쬐인, 볕이드는.

waken: 분기시키다, 일어나다, 일으키다, 눈뜨게 하다, 깨우다, 깨닫다, 잠이 깨다. wand: 지휘봉, 지팡이, 과녁판, 관장, 직표, 표적판. weep: 울다, 흘리다, 눈물을 흘리다, 슬퍼하다, 스며 나오게 하다, 물방울이 듣다, 비탄하다, 스며내다, 에 눈물을 흘리다, 물기를 내뿜다, 가지를 축 늘어뜨리다. whispering: 속삭임, 속삭이는.

Upton Sinclair

9

In%this crisis, however, she is saved by Marija Berczynskas, whom the muses suddenly visit. Marija is fond of a song, a song of lovers' parting; she wishes to hear it, and, as the musicians do not know it, she has risen, and is proceeding to teach them. Marija is short, but powerful in build. She works in a canning factory, and all day long she handles cans of beef that weigh fourteen pounds. She has a broad Slavic face, with prominent red cheeks. When she opens her mouth, it is tragical, but you cannot help thinking of a horse. She wears a blue flannel shirt-waist, which is now rolled up at the sleeves, disclosing her brawny arms; she has a carving fork in her hand, with which she pounds on the table to mark the time. As she roars her song, in a voice of which it is enough to say that it leaves no portion of the room vacant, the three musicians follow her, laboriously and note by note, but averaging one note behind; thus they toil through stanza after stanza of a lovesick swain's lamentation: — "Sudiev' kvietkeli, tu brangiausis; Sudiev' ir laime, man biednam, Matau—paskyre teip Aukszcziausis, Jog vargt ant svieto reik vienam!" When the song is over, it is time for the speech, and old Dede Antanas rises to his feet. Grandfather Anthony, Jurgis' father, is not more than sixty years of age, but you would think that he was eighty. He has been only six months in America, and the change has not done him good. In his manhood he worked in a cotton mill, but then a coughing fell upon him, and he had to leave; out in the country the trouble disappeared, but he has been working in the pickle rooms at Durham's, and the breathing of the cold, damp air all day has brought it back. Now as he rises he is seized with a coughing fit, and holds himself by his chair and turns away his wan and battered face until it passes. Generally it is the custom for the speech at a veselija to be taken out of one of the books and learned by heart; but in his youthful days Dede Antanas used to be a scholar, and really make up all the love letters of his friends. Now it is

Korean ant: 개미. brawny: 근골이 억센, 강건한, 근골이 늠름한, 센, 억센, 튼튼한. canning: 통조림제조, 통조림 제조업, 통조림 제조. cans: 헤드폰. flannel: 플란넬, 모직 속옷, 융의 일종, 플란넬제 의류, 플란넬로 만든, 플란넬제 걸레, 플란넬제 타월, 플란넬제 헝겊, 허튼소리, 플란넬 제품.

laboriously: 부지런한, 힘드는. 절이 국물, 절인것, 절인 것, 절이 lamentation: 비탄, 슬픔, 예레미야 국물에 절이다, 곤경, 곤경-절이 애가. 국물에 절이다, 난처한 입장, 야채 lovesick: 사랑에 고민하는. 따위를 식초에 절이다, 곤란한 입장. manhood: 남자임, 남자다움, 인간임, stanza: 절, 연. 성년 남자 전체, 남성기, 성년, 인격, toil: 수고, 힘드는일, 그물, 수고하다, 인성, 성인, 성인 남자. 올가미, 고생, 노고, 애써 나아가다, parting: 이별, 고별, 나누는, 출발, 짐승 잡는 그물, 힘써 일하다, 을 애써 분리, 별세, 고별의, 떠나가는, 머리 이룩하다. 따위의 가리마, 저물어 가는, 이별의. tragical: 비극적으로, 비참하게, pickle: 묽은 산, 묽은 산으로 씻다, 비참한.

10

The Jungle

understood that he has composed an original speech of congratulation and benediction, and this is one of the events of the day. Even the boys, who are romping about the room, draw near and listen, and some of the women sob and wipe their aprons in their eyes. It is very solemn, for Antanas Rudkus has become possessed of the idea that he has not much longer to stay with his children. His speech leaves them all so tearful that one of the guests, Jokubas Szedvilas, who keeps a delicatessen store on Halsted Street, and is fat and hearty, is moved to rise and say that things may not be as bad as that, and then to go on and make a little speech of his own, in which he showers congratulations and prophecies of happiness upon the bride and groom, proceeding to particulars which greatly delight the young men, but which cause Ona to blush more furiously than ever. Jokubas possesses what his wife complacently describes as "poetiszka vaidintuve"—a poetical imagination.% Now a good many of the guests have finished, and, since there is no pretense of ceremony, the banquet begins to break up. Some of the men gather about the bar; some wander about, laughing and singing; here and there will be a little group, chanting merrily, and in sublime indifference to the others and to the orchestra as well. Everybody is more or less restless—one would guess that something is on their minds. And so it proves. The last tardy diners are scarcely given time to finish, before the tables and the debris are shoved into the corner, and the chairs and the babies piled out of the way, and the real celebration of the evening begins. Then Tamoszius Kuszleika, after replenishing himself with a pot of beer, returns to his platform, and, standing up, reviews the scene; he taps authoritatively upon the side of his violin, then tucks it carefully under his chin, then waves his bow in an elaborate flourish, and finally smites the sounding strings and closes his eyes, and floats away in spirit upon the wings of a dreamy waltz. His companion follows, but with his eyes open, watching where he treads, so to speak; and finally Valentinavyczia, after waiting for a little and beating with his foot to get the time, casts up his eyes to the ceiling and begins to saw—"Broom! broom! broom!"

Korean authoritatively: 명령적으로, 엄연하게, 엄연히, 권위 있게. benediction: 축복, 성체 강복식, 감사의 기도, 축도, 강복식, 천복. complacently: 만족하여. congratulation: 축하, 경하, 축사. delicatessen: 조제 식료품, 조제 식품, 조제 식품 식당, 조제 식품 판매점, 총알. dreamy: 공상적인, 어렴풋한, 꿈결같은, 꿈꾸는 듯한, 꿈 많은,

꿈같은. tardy: 더딘, 느린, 늦은, 지각, 내키지 hearty: 친절한, 튼튼한, 않는, 지각한. 마음으로부터의, 배부른, 풍부한, tearful: 슬픈, 눈물어린, 눈물을 열심인, 원기왕성한 사람, 충분한, 자아내는, 눈물이 헤픈, 곧잘 우는, 친구, 마음속으로부터의, 활기찬. 눈물 어린. merrily: 즐겁게, 명랑하게, 흥겹게. waltz: 왈츠, 왈츠를 추다, 춤추듯 piled: 보풀이 있는. 걷다, 들떠서 춤추다, 파트너를 poetical: 이상화된. 리드하다, 용케 통과하다, 용케 pretense: 구실, 주장, 거짓 꾸밈, 요구, 나아가다, 뻔뻔스럽게 다가가다, 허위, 허세, 겉치례, 겉치레. 수월하게 통과하다, 수월하게 taps: 소등 나팔, 영결 나팔. 나아가다, 왈츠로 리드하다.

Upton Sinclair

11

The company pairs off quickly, and the whole room is soon in motion. Apparently nobody knows how to waltz, but that is nothing of any consequence—there is music, and they dance, each as he pleases, just as before they sang. Most of them prefer the "two-step," especially the young, with whom it is the fashion. The older people have dances from home, strange and complicated steps which they execute with grave solemnity. Some do not dance anything at all, but simply hold each other's hands and allow the undisciplined joy of motion to express itself with their feet. Among these are Jokubas Szedvilas and his wife, Lucija, who together keep the delicatessen store, and consume nearly as much as they sell; they are too fat to dance, but they stand in the middle of the floor, holding each other fast in their arms, rocking slowly from side to side and grinning seraphically, a picture of toothless and perspiring ecstasy.% Of these older people many wear clothing reminiscent in some detail of home—an embroidered waistcoat or stomacher, or a gaily colored handkerchief, or a coat with large cuffs and fancy buttons. All these things are carefully avoided by the young, most of whom have learned to speak English and to affect the latest style of clothing. The girls wear ready-made dresses or shirt waists, and some of them look quite pretty. Some of the young men you would take to be Americans, of the type of clerks, but for the fact that they wear their hats in the room. Each of these younger couples affects a style of its own in dancing. Some hold each other tightly, some at a cautious distance. Some hold their hands out stiffly, some drop them loosely at their sides. Some dance springily, some glide softly, some move with grave dignity. There are boisterous couples, who tear wildly about the room, knocking every one out of their way. There are nervous couples, whom these frighten, and who cry, "Nustok! Kas yra?" at them as they pass. Each couple is paired for the evening—you will never see them change about. There is Alena Jasaityte, for instance, who has danced unending hours with Juozas Raczius, to whom she is engaged. Alena is the beauty of the evening, and she would be really beautiful if she were not so proud. She wears a white shirtwaist, which represents, perhaps, half a week's labor painting cans. She holds her skirt with her hand as she dances, with stately precision, after the

Korean colored: 유색의, 색의, 흑인의, 문장을 미끄럼길, 미끄럼대, 점차로 변하다, 꾸민, 착색한, 채색되어 있는, 채색한, 미끄러지듯 달리게 하다, 활공시키다. 겉치레의, 편견이 있는, 윤색한, labor: 노동, 수고, 애써 만들다, 과장한. 일하다, 노력, 근로, 진통, 진통으로 execute: 사형을 집행하다, 실시하다, 괴로워하다, 몹시 흔들리다, 진통으로 연주하다, 제작하다, 서명 날인하다, 괴로와하다, 일. 집행하다, 시행하다, 수행하다, ready-made: 제 것이 아닌, 기성품의, 실행하다, 완성하다. 평범한, 개성이 없는, 만들어져 있는, gaily: 유쾌하게, 흥겹게, 야하게. 빌어 온, 기성복의. glide: 활주, 미끄러지다, 미끄러짐, rocking: 흔들리는, 진동, 흔들리는 활공, 미끄러뜨리다, 활주하다, 흔들림.

shirtwaist: 블라우스. solemnity: 의식, 장엄, 엄숙, 점잔뺌, 정식, 점잔 뺌. stomacher: 여성용 삼각형의 가슴장식. toothless: 두한, 이없는, 효과이 없는. undisciplined: 군기가 없는, 훈련이 안된, 규율없는. unending: 끝없는, 영원한, 끊임없는, 끝이 없는, 무한한. waistcoat: 조끼, 양복 조끼.

12

The Jungle

manner %of the grandes dames. Juozas is driving one of Durham's wagons, and is making big wages. He affects a "tough" aspect, wearing his hat on one side and keeping a cigarette in his mouth all the evening. Then there is Jadvyga Marcinkus, who is also beautiful, but humble. Jadvyga likewise paints cans, but then she has an invalid mother and three little sisters to support by it, and so she does not spend her wages for shirtwaists. Jadvyga is small and delicate, with jetblack eyes and hair, the latter twisted into a little knot and tied on the top of her head. She wears an old white dress which she has made herself and worn to parties for the past five years; it is high-waisted—almost under her arms, and not very becoming,—but that does not trouble Jadvyga, who is dancing with her Mikolas. She is small, while he is big and powerful; she nestles in his arms as if she would hide herself from view, and leans her head upon his shoulder. He in turn has clasped his arms tightly around her, as if he would carry her away; and so she dances, and will dance the entire evening, and would dance forever, in ecstasy of bliss. You would smile, perhaps, to see them—but you would not smile if you knew all the story. This is the fifth year, now, that Jadvyga has been engaged to Mikolas, and her heart is sick. They would have been married in the beginning, only Mikolas has a father who is drunk all day, and he is the only other man in a large family. Even so they might have managed it (for Mikolas is a skilled man) but for cruel accidents which have almost taken the heart out of them. He is a beef-boner, and that is a dangerous trade, especially when you are on piecework and trying to earn a bride. Your hands are slippery, and your knife is slippery, and you are toiling like mad, when somebody happens to speak to you, or you strike a bone. Then your hand slips up on the blade, and there is a fearful gash. And that would not be so bad, only for the deadly contagion. The cut may heal, but you never can tell. Twice now; within the last three years, Mikolas has been lying at home with blood poisoning—once for three months and once for nearly seven. The last time, too, he lost his job, and that meant six weeks more of standing at the doors of the packing houses, at six o'clock on bitter winter mornings, with a foot of snow on the ground and more in the air. There are learned people who can tell you out of the statistics that beef-boners

Korean bliss: 지복, 더없는행복, 다시 없는 깔끔한, 빈틈없는, 쓰레기, 에 깊은 기쁨. 상처를 입히다, 재치있는. bride: 신부, 새색시. heal: 고치다, 낫다, 낫게하다, contagion: 전염병, 전염력, 감염, 회복되다, 화해시키다. 감화력, 나쁜 감화, 접촉전염, 폐풍, invalid: 병약한, 병약자, 병자, 무효의, 접촉 전염. 병약자 취급을 받다, 병약하게 되다, ecstasy: 무아경, 황홀, 의식혼미상태, 병약자로서 면제하다, 병약하게 하다, 법열, 엑스터시, 황홀경, 그 사용자, 상병으로 현역에서 제대하다, 상이 망아. 군인 명부에 기입하다, 허약한. gash: 깊이 갈라진 틈, 깊은 상처, 입, knot: 혹, 무리, 매듭, 매듭을 짓다, 찌꺼기, 여분의, 깊은 상처를 입히다, 매다, 곤란, 난국, 떼, 나비 매듭,

마디, 매어지다. mornings: 아침에, 아침마다. packing: 포장, 짐꾸리기, 채워 넣는것, 통조림 제조, 포장용품, 통조림 제조업, 짐 꾸리기, 습포, 패킹. paints: 그림 물감. piecework: 도급일, 삯일, 일한 분량에 따라 공임을 지급 받는 일. slippery: 불안정한, 미끄러운, 믿을 수 없는, 속임수의, 뻔뻔스러운, 의미가 선명하지 않은, 잡을 데가 없는.

Upton Sinclair

13

make forty cents an hour, but, perhaps, these people have never looked into a beef-boner's hands.% When Tamoszius and his companions stop for a rest, as perforce they must, now and then, the dancers halt where they are and wait patiently. They never seem to tire; and there is no place for them to sit down if they did. It is only for a minute, anyway, for the leader starts up again, in spite of all the protests of the other two. This time it is another sort of a dance, a Lithuanian dance. Those who prefer to, go on with the two-step, but the majority go through an intricate series of motions, resembling more fancy skating than a dance. The climax of it is a furious prestissimo, at which the couples seize hands and begin a mad whirling. This is quite irresistible, and every one in the room joins in, until the place becomes a maze of flying skirts and bodies quite dazzling to look upon. But the sight of sights at this moment is Tamoszius Kuszleika. The old fiddle squeaks and shrieks in protest, but Tamoszius has no mercy. The sweat starts out on his forehead, and he bends over like a cyclist on the last lap of a race. His body shakes and throbs like a runaway steam engine, and the ear cannot follow the flying showers of notes—there is a pale blue mist where you look to see his bowing arm. With a most wonderful rush he comes to the end of the tune, and flings up his hands and staggers back exhausted; and with a final shout of delight the dancers fly apart, reeling here and there, bringing up against the walls of the room. After this there is beer for every one, the musicians included, and the revelers take a long breath and prepare for the great event of the evening, which is the acziavimas. The acziavimas is a ceremony which, once begun, will continue for three or four hours, and it involves one uninterrupted dance. The guests form a great ring, locking hands, and, when the music starts up, begin to move around in a circle. In the center stands the bride, and, one by one, the men step into the enclosure and dance with her. Each dances for several minutes—as long as he pleases; it is a very merry proceeding, with laughter and singing, and when the guest has finished, he finds himself face to face with Teta Elzbieta, who holds the hat. Into it he drops a sum of money—a dollar, or perhaps five dollars,

Korean bends: 잠함병, 케이슨병. bowing: 운궁법, 절을 하는, 활 놀리는 법, 휘는, 보잉. center: 중앙, 중심, 핵심, 중추, 집중하다, 중심의, 의 중심을 결정하다, 중도파, 속, 중심에 두다, 중심에 있다. cyclist: 자전거 타는 사람, 자전거로 여행 하는 사람, 자전거타는사람. dazzling: 눈부신. maze: 미로, 분규, 어리둥절하게 하다.

patiently: 끈기 있게. perforce: 부득이, 무리하게, 필연적으로, 억지로. proceeding: 의사록, 행동, 조치, 소송절차, 회보, 조처, 처리, 소송 절차, 행위, 의사, 진행. runaway: 도망, 쉽게 이긴, 도망친, 탈주자, 도망자, 달아난, 탈주, 낙승, 사랑의 도피, 급히 오르는, 가출소년. skating: 스케이트, 얼음지치기의, 얼음지치기.

spite: 악의, 원한, 앙심으로, 에 짓궂게 굴다, 을 돌보지 않고, 에도 불구하고, 짓궂게 굴다, 앙갚음하다. tire: 타이어, 지치다, 피로하게하다, 넌더리나게 하다, 머리 장식, 싫증나게 하다, 장식을 하다, 지겹게 하다, 타이어를 달다, 피곤해지다, 싫증 나다. two-step: 투스텝을 추다, 투스텝. uninterrupted: 끊임없는, 연속적인, 중단되지 않은.

14

The Jungle

according to his power, and his estimate of the value of the privilege. The guests are expected to pay for this entertainment; if they be proper guests, they will see that there is a neat sum left over for the bride and bridegroom to start life upon.% Most fearful they are to contemplate, the expenses of this entertainment. They will certainly be over two hundred dollars and maybe three hundred; and three hundred dollars is more than the year's income of many a person in this room. There are able-bodied men here who work from early morning until late at night, in ice-cold cellars with a quarter of an inch of water on the floor—men who for six or seven months in the year never see the sunlight from Sunday afternoon till the next Sunday morning— and who cannot earn three hundred dollars in a year. There are little children here, scarce in their teens, who can hardly see the top of the work benches—whose parents have lied to get them their places—and who do not make the half of three hundred dollars a year, and perhaps not even the third of it. And then to spend such a sum, all in a single day of your life, at a wedding feast! (For obviously it is the same thing, whether you spend it at once for your own wedding, or in a long time, at the weddings of all your friends.) It is very imprudent, it is tragic—but, ah, it is so beautiful! Bit by bit these poor people have given up everything else; but to this they cling with all the power of their souls—they cannot give up the veselija! To do that would mean, not merely to be defeated, but to acknowledge defeat—and the difference between these two things is what keeps the world going. The veselija has come down to them from a far-off time; and the meaning of it was that one might dwell within the cave and gaze upon shadows, provided only that once in his lifetime he could break his chains, and feel his wings, and behold the sun; provided that once in his lifetime he might testify to the fact that life, with all its cares and its terrors, is no such great thing after all, but merely a bubble upon the surface of a river, a thing that one may toss about and play with as a juggler tosses his golden balls, a thing that one may quaff, like a goblet of rare red wine. Thus having known himself for the master of things, a man could go back to his toil and live upon the memory all his days.

Korean able-bodied: 할 수 있다. according: 그러므로, 따라서, 나름으로, 에 따라, 에 의하여. bridegroom: 신랑. contemplate: 예기하다, 응시하다, 정관하다, 기도하다, 하려고생각하다, 눈여겨보다, 명상하다, 묵상하다, 숙고하다, 심사숙고하다, 심사하다. dwell: 살다, 거주하다, 곰곰이 생각하다, 천천히발음하다, 천천히 발음하다, 길게논하다,

곰곰이생각하다, 길게 논하다, 머무르다, 발을 올리는 것이 더디다. goblet: 받침 달린 컵, 고블릿. ice-cold: 얼음처럼 차가운. imprudent: 경솔한, 무분별한, 경망스러운, 분별없는. juggler: 요술쟁이, 사기꾼. quaff: 통음, 꿀꺽꿀꺽 마시다, 술을 꿀꺽꿀꺽들이켜다, 단숨에 들이켜다, 꿀꺽꿀꺽 마심, 쭉 들이켬, 단숨에 들이켜기, 꿀꺽꿀꺽 들이켜다.

scarce: 드문, 부족한, 희귀한, 결석하다, 결핍한. teens: 열대의 소년 소녀, 열대. testify: 증명하다, 확언하다, 증인이 되다, 증언하다, 입증하다, 공언하다, 의 증거가 되다. toss: 단숨에 들이켜다, 던지다, 흥분, 돈던지기를 하여 결정짓다, 아래위로 몹시 흔들다번롱하다, 상하의 동요, 낙마, 높이 쳐 올리다, 손쉽게 해 치우다, 던져올리다, 던지기.

Upton Sinclair

15

Endlessly the dancers swung round and round—when they were dizzy they swung the other way. Hour after hour this had continued—the darkness had fallen and the room was dim from the light of two smoky oil lamps. The musicians had spent all their fine frenzy by now, and played only one tune, wearily, ploddingly. There were twenty bars or so of it, and when they came to the end they began again. Once every ten minutes or so they would fail to begin again, but instead would sink back exhausted; a circumstance which invariably brought on a painful and terrifying scene, that made the fat policeman stir uneasily in his sleeping place behind the door.% It was all Marija Berczynskas. Marija was one of those hungry souls who cling with desperation to the skirts of the retreating muse. All day long she had been in a state of wonderful exaltation; and now it was leaving— and she would not let it go. Her soul cried out in the words of Faust, "Stay, thou art fair!" Whether it was by beer, or by shouting, or by music, or by motion, she meant that it should not go. And she would go back to the chase of it—and no sooner be fairly started than her chariot would be thrown off the track, so to speak, by the stupidity of those thrice accursed musicians. Each time, Marija would emit a howl and fly at them, shaking her fists in their faces, stamping upon the floor, purple and incoherent with rage. In vain the frightened Tamoszius would attempt to speak, to plead the limitations of the flesh; in vain would the puffing and breathless ponas Jokubas insist, in vain would Teta Elzbieta implore. "Szalin!" Marija would scream. "Palauk! isz kelio! What are you paid for, children of hell?" And so, in sheer terror, the orchestra would strike up again, and Marija would return to her place and take up her task. She bore all the burden of the festivities now. Ona was kept up by her excitement, but all of the women and most of the men were tired—the soul of Marija was alone unconquered. She drove on the dancers—what had once been the ring had now the shape of a pear, with Marija at the stem, pulling one way and pushing the other. shouting, stamping, singing, a very volcano of energy. Now and then some one coming in or out would leave the door open, and the night air was chill; Marija as she passed would stretch out her foot and kick the

Korean accursed: 저주받은, 지겨운, 저주할. 침묵시키다, 멀리서 짖는 소리, 악을 chariot: 전차를 몰다, 훌륭한 수레, 쓰며 말하다. 꽃마차, 마차 개선차, 마차로 나르다, implore: 간청하다, 애원하다, 사륜 경마차, 이륜 전차. 탄원하다. emit: 발하다, 발행하다, 내다, incoherent: 점착력이없는, 흐트러진, 토로하다, 방사하다. 지리 멸렬의, 조리가 서지 않는, exaltation: 승진, 높임, 항진, 조리가 맞지 않는, 모순된, 논리가 의기양양. 일관되지 않는, 일관되지 않은. howl: 멀리서 짖다, 울부짖으며 muse: 시적 영감, 시심, 심사 말하다, 윙윙 휘몰아 치다, 짖다, 묵고하다, 골똘이 바라보다, 명상에 짖음, 큰 소리를 내다, 호통쳐서 잠기다, 시인, 뮤즈 의 신, 뮤즈신,

숙고하다, 시신, 생각에 잠기면서 말하다. pear: 펄형 활자, 일품, 성양배, 진주, 진주 같은 것, 진주빛, 서양배, 배, 배나무. puffing: 추어올림, 훅불기. smoky: 연기나는, 거무칙칙한, 그을은, 매운, 연기와 같은, 검은 연기투성이의, 침침한, 연기색의. thrice: 매우, 세번, 세 번, 몇 번이고. unconquered: 정복되지 않은.

16

The Jungle

doorknob, and slam would go the door! Once this procedure was the cause of a calamity of which Sebastijonas Szedvilas was the hapless victim. Little Sebastijonas, aged three, had been wandering about oblivious to all things, holding turned up over his mouth a bottle of liquid known as "pop," pinkcolored, ice-cold, and delicious. Passing through the doorway the door smote him full, and the shriek which followed brought the dancing to a halt. Marija, who threatened horrid murder a hundred times a day, and would weep over the injury of a fly, seized little Sebastijonas in her arms and bid fair to smother him with kisses. There was a long rest for the orchestra, and plenty of refreshments, while Marija was making her peace with her victim, seating him upon the bar, and standing beside him and holding to his lips a foaming schooner of beer.% In the meantime there was going on in another corner of the room an anxious conference between Teta Elzbieta and Dede Antanas, and a few of the more intimate friends of the family. A trouble was come upon them. The veselija is a compact, a compact not expressed, but therefore only the more binding upon all. Every one's share was different—and yet every one knew perfectly well what his share was, and strove to give a little more. Now, however, since they had come to the new country, all this was changing; it seemed as if there must be some subtle poison in the air that one breathed here—it was affecting all the young men at once. They would come in crowds and fill themselves with a fine dinner, and then sneak off. One would throw another's hat out of the window, and both would go out to get it, and neither could be seen again. Or now and then half a dozen of them would get together and march out openly, staring at you, and making fun of you to your face. Still others, worse yet, would crowd about the bar, and at the expense of the host drink themselves sodden, paying not the least attention to any one, and leaving it to be thought that either they had danced with the bride already, or meant to later on. All these things were going on now, and the family was helpless with dismay. So long they had toiled, and such an outlay they had made! Ona stood by, her eyes wide with terror. Those frightful bills—how they had haunted her, each item gnawing at her soul all day and spoiling her rest at night. How often

Korean breathed: 무성음의. calamity: 재난, 참화, 불행, 비참. doorknob: 문의손잡이. frightful: 무서운, 추악한, 불쾌한, 아주 보기 싫은, 아주 보기 흉한, 지독한. gnawing: 쏠기, 갉기, 쏘는, 괴롭히는, 부단한 고통, 근임없는 고통, 갉는, 가책 갉아먹는, 에일 듯한, 에는 듯한. hapless: 불행한, 불운한. horrid: 무서운, 지독한.

oblivious: 잊기쉬운, 관심없는, 잠 따위가 잊혀 지게 하는, 잊혀 지게 하는, 잊기 쉬운. outlay: 지출, 소비하다, 경비. schooner: 포장마차, 큰 맥주잔, 스쿠너, 큰 조끼, 큰 포장 마차, 스쿠너선. shriek: 비명, 새된 소리를 지르다, 그 소리, 을 새된 목소리로 말하다. smother: 묵살하다, 찜으로 하다, 자욱한 연기, 야단법석, 쉬쉬하다,

퍼붓다, 묻다, 대혼란, 눌러 참다, 끄다, 질식 시키다. sneak: 고자질꾼, 고자질하다, 비겁한 사람, 후무리다, 슬그머니 움직이다, 몰래 움직이다, 훔치다, 남몰래 하는, 고자질하는 학생, 굽실굽실하다, 남몰래 빠져 나감. sodden: 설구워진, 술에 젖은, 잠그다, 얼빠진, 잠기다, 물기를 빨아들여 무거운, 흠뻑 젖은, 술에 젖게 하다, 무표정한, 말랑말랑 해지다, 적시다.

Upton Sinclair

17

she%had named them over one by one and figured on them as she went to work—fifteen dollars for the hall, twenty-two dollars and a quarter for the ducks, twelve dollars for the musicians, five dollars at the church, and a blessing of the Virgin besides—and so on without an end! Worst of all was the frightful bill that was still to come from Graiczunas for the beer and liquor that might be consumed. One could never get in advance more than a guess as to this from a saloonkeeper—and then, when the time came he always came to you scratching his head and saying that he had guessed too low, but that he had done his best— your guests had gotten so very drunk. By him you were sure to be cheated unmercifully, and that even though you thought yourself the dearest of the hundreds of friends he had. He would begin to serve your guests out of a keg that was half full, and finish with one that was half empty, and then you would be charged for two kegs of beer. He would agree to serve a certain quality at a certain price, and when the time came you and your friends would be drinking some horrible poison that could not be described. You might complain, but you would get nothing for your pains but a ruined evening; while, as for going to law about it, you might as well go to heaven at once. The saloonkeeper stood in with all the big politics men in the district; and when you had once found out what it meant to get into trouble with such people, you would know enough to pay what you were told to pay and shut up. What made all this the more painful was that it was so hard on the few that had really done their best. There was poor old ponas Jokubas, for instance—he had already given five dollars, and did not every one know that Jokubas Szedvilas had just mortgaged his delicatessen store for two hundred dollars to meet several months' overdue rent? And then there was withered old poni Aniele—who was a widow, and had three children, and the rheumatism besides, and did washing for the tradespeople on Halsted Street at prices it would break your heart to hear named. Aniele had given the entire profit of her chickens for several months. Eight of them she owned, and she kept them in a little place fenced around on her backstairs. All day long the children of Aniele were raking in the dump for food for these chickens; and sometimes, when the competition there was too fierce, you might see them on Halsted Street walking close to the

Korean backstairs: 음모, 뒷계단, 비밀의, 헐값으로 팔다, 폐석 더미. 음험한, 뒷계단의, 뒷층계, 뒷층계의, fenced: 매매하는, 펜싱하는, 비밀 수단, 중상적인. 뛰어넘는, 잘얼버무리는, 에 울타리를 blessing: 고마운 것, 은총, 축복, 행복, 치는, 에 담을 치는, 얼버무리는, 가호, 식전의 기도, 복, 찬성, 축복의 고매하는. 말. figured: 모양으로 나타낸, 무늬 있는, ducks: 즈크 바지. 그림으로 표시한, 도식으로 표시한, dump: 쓰레기 버리는 곳, 덤프, 무늬가 있는, 문채 있는, 코드를 털썩부리다, 덤핑하다, 쓰레기 더미, 나타내는 숫자가 있는, 화음을 덤프하다-쓰레기 더미, 덤프하다, 나타내는 숫자가 있는. 지저분한 도시 덤프카, 내버리다, keg: 작은 나무통, 작은 통.

liquor: 알코올 음료, 술, 술을 많이 먹이다, 물약, 용액에 담그다, 독주를 마시게 하다, 독주를 많이 마시다, 분비액. overdue: 기한이 지난, 연착한, 지불 기한이 지난. rheumatism: 류머티스, 류머티즘. saloonkeeper: 바의 주인, 술집. tradespeople: 상인, 소매상. unmercifully: 지독하게, 무자비하게. withered: 시든, 쇠퇴한, 이운.

18

The Jungle

gutters, and with their mother following to see that no one robbed them of their finds. Money could not tell the value of these chickens to old Mrs. Jukniene— she valued them differently, for she had a feeling that she was getting something for nothing by means of them—that with them she was getting the better of a world that was getting the better of her in so many other ways. So she watched them every hour of the day, and had learned to see like an owl at night to watch them then. One of them had been stolen long ago, and not a month passed that some one did not try to steal another. As the frustrating of this one attempt involved a score of false alarms, it will be understood what a tribute old Mrs. Jukniene brought, just because Teta Elzbieta had once loaned her some money for a few days and saved her from being turned out of her house.% More and more friends gathered round while the lamentation about these things was going on. Some drew nearer, hoping to overhear the conversation, who were themselves among the guilty—and surely that was a thing to try the patience of a saint. Finally there came Jurgis, urged by some one, and the story was retold to him. Jurgis listened in silence, with his great black eyebrows knitted. Now and then there would come a gleam underneath them and he would glance about the room. Perhaps he would have liked to go at some of those fellows with his big clenched fists; but then, doubtless, he realized how little good it would do him. No bill would be any less for turning out any one at this time; and then there would be the scandal—and Jurgis wanted nothing except to get away with Ona and to let the world go its own way. So his hands relaxed and he merely said quietly: "It is done, and there is no use in weeping, Teta Elzbieta." Then his look turned toward Ona, who stood close to his side, and he saw the wide look of terror in her eyes. "Little one," he said, in a low voice, "do not worry—it will not matter to us. We will pay them all somehow. I will work harder." That was always what Jurgis said. Ona had grown used to it as the solution of all difficulties—"I will work harder!" He had said that in Lithuania when one official had taken his passport from him, and another had arrested him for being without it, and the two had divided a third of his belongings. He had said it again in New York, when the smooth-spoken agent had taken them in hand and made them pay such high prices, and almost

Korean belongings: 소지품, 재능, 재산, 성질, 소유물, 가족. doubtless: 확실히, 의심할 여지 없이, 의심 없는. gleam: 번득이다, 번적임, 희미한 징조, 희미하게 번쩍이다, 어렴풋한 빛, 번득임, 빛, 번쩍이다. knitted: 뜬, 짠, 뜨개것의, 메리야스의. overhear: 엿듣다, 도청하다, 우연히 듣다. owl: 올빼미, 젠 체하는 사람, 점잔

빼는 사람, 밤을 새우는 사람. passport: 여권, 패스포드, 수단. patience: 인내, 끈기, 혼자 노는 카드 놀이, 혼자 하는 카드 놀이, 혼자서 놀기, 트럼프 따위 혼자서 놀기. smooth-spoken: 구변이 좋은, 감언이설의. steal: 훔치다, 도둑질하다, 도루하다, 훔침, 횡재, 도둑질, 도루, 몰래 손에 넣다, 훔친물건, 몰래가다조용히 움직이다, 싸게 산 물건.

terror: 공포, 무서운사람, 무서움, 성가신 녀석, 몹시 들볶아대는 것, 공포 정치, 테러. tribute: 공물, 찬사, 선물, 감사의 말, 광부에게 주는 배당. valued: 존중되는, 평가된, 가치를 가진, 의 가치를 가진. weeping: 드리우는, 가지가 휘늘어진, 우는, 눈물 흘리는, 눈물울 흘리는, 눈물을 흘리는, 늘어짐, 배어 나오는, 스며 나오는, 스며 나옴, 울음.

Upton Sinclair

19

prevented %their leaving his place, in spite of their paying. Now he said it a third time, and Ona drew a deep breath; it was so wonderful to have a husband, just like a grown woman—and a husband who could solve all problems, and who was so big and strong! The last sob of little Sebastijonas has been stifled, and the orchestra has once more been reminded of its duty. The ceremony begins again—but there are few now left to dance with, and so very soon the collection is over and promiscuous dances once more begin. It is now after midnight, however, and things are not as they were before. The dancers are dull and heavy—most of them have been drinking hard, and have long ago passed the stage of exhilaration. They dance in monotonous measure, round after round, hour after hour, with eyes fixed upon vacancy, as if they were only half conscious, in a constantly growing stupor. The men grasp the women very tightly, but there will be half an hour together when neither will see the other's face. Some couples do not care to dance, and have retired to the corners, where they sit with their arms enlaced. Others, who have been drinking still more, wander about the room, bumping into everything; some are in groups of two or three, singing, each group its own song. As time goes on there is a variety of drunkenness, among the younger men especially. Some stagger about in each other's arms, whispering maudlin words—others start quarrels upon the slightest pretext, and come to blows and have to be pulled apart. Now the fat policeman wakens definitely, and feels of his club to see that it is ready for business. He has to be prompt—for these twoo'clock-in-the-morning fights, if they once get out of hand, are like a forest fire, and may mean the whole reserves at the station. The thing to do is to crack every fighting head that you see, before there are so many fighting heads that you cannot crack any of them. There is but scant account kept of cracked heads in back of the yards, for men who have to crack the heads of animals all day seem to get into the habit, and to practice on their friends, and even on their families, between times. This makes it a cause for congratulation that by modern methods a very few men can do the painfully necessary work of head-cracking for the whole of the cultured world.

Korean cultured: 교화된, 재배된, 교양있는, 문화를 가진, 세련된, 양식된. drunkenness: 술취함, 명정의. exhilaration: 유쾌하게 만듦, 기분을 돋움. maudlin: 취하면 우는, 감상적인, 걸핏하면 우는, 눈물 잘 흘림, 심약하고 감상적임, 걸핏하면 눈물짓는, 눈물을 잘 흘리는. monotonous: 단조로운, 변화가 없어 지루한.

painfully: 애써, 고생하여, 수고하여, 흐느끼는 듯한 소리를 내다, 훌쩍이는 아파서, 아파하여. 울음, 훌쩍이면서 이야기하다, pretext: 구실, 변명, 변병. 흐느낌, 흐느껴 울다, 흐느끼며 promiscuous: 난잡한, 무차별의, 되는 말하다, 숨을 가쁘게 쉬다, 숨을 대로의, 우연한, 마음 내키는 대로 헐떡이다, 개새끼. 하는. stupor: 무감각, 혼수, 망연. scant: 인색한, 가까스로의, 모자라는, tightly: 단단히, 팽팽하게, 꾀, 꽉 불충분한, 인색하게 굴다, 좀 부족한, 죄어져, 꼭. 경시하다, 아껴서, 아까워하다, vacancy: 공허, 결원, 공석, 방심, 틈, 부족한. 빈곳, 공백, 빈 자리, 빈자리, 공간, sob: 눈물을 자아내는, 흐느끼다, 빈터.

20

The Jungle

There is no fight that night—perhaps because Jurgis, too, is watchful— even more so than the policeman. Jurgis has drunk a great deal, as any one naturally would on an occasion when it all has to be paid for, whether it is drunk or not; but he is a very steady man, and does not easily lose his temper. Only once there is a tight shave—and that is the fault of Marija Berczynskas. Marija has apparently concluded about two hours ago that if the altar in the corner, with the deity in soiled white, be not the true home of the muses, it is, at any rate, the nearest substitute on earth attainable. And Marija is just fighting drunk when there come to her ears the facts about the villains who have not paid that night. Marija goes on the warpath straight off, without even the preliminary of a good cursing, and when she is pulled off it is with the coat collars of two villains in her hands. Fortunately, the policeman is disposed to be reasonable, and so it is not Marija who is flung out of the place.% All this interrupts the music for not more than a minute or two. Then again the merciless tune begins—the tune that has been played for the last half-hour without one single change. It is an American tune this time, one which they have picked up on the streets; all seem to know the words of it—or, at any rate, the first line of it, which they hum to themselves, over and over again without rest: "In the good old summertime—in the good old summertime! In the good old summertime—in the good old summertime!" There seems to be something hypnotic about this, with its endlessly recurring dominant. It has put a stupor upon every one who hears it, as well as upon the men who are playing it. No one can get away from it, or even think of getting away from it; it is three o'clock in the morning, and they have danced out all their joy, and danced out all their strength, and all the strength that unlimited drink can lend them—and still there is no one among them who has the power to think of stopping. Promptly at seven o'clock this same Monday morning they will every one of them have to be in their places at Durham's or Brown's or Jones's, each in his working clothes. If one of them be a minute late, he will be docked an hour's pay, and if he be many minutes late, he will be apt to find his brass check turned to the wall, which will send him out to join the hungry mob that waits every morning at the gates of the packing houses, from six o'clock until nearly half-past eight. There is no

Korean altar: 제단, 제대, 성찬대. apt: 적당한, 하기쉬운, 이해가 빠른, 적절한, 총기있는, 하기 쉬운, 할 것 같은, 재기있는. attainable: 달성할수있는, 달성할 수 있는, 이를 수 있는. deity: 신, 여신, 신성, 하느님, 신위, 신적 존재. disposed: 배치된, 한 감정을 품고, 할 생각이 있는. endlessly: 영구히, 끝없이,

계속적으로, 가이없이, 그지없이. hum: 콧노래를 부르다, 우물우물 말하다, 윙울리다, 윙윙하다, 경기가 좋다, 나쁜 냄새가 나다, 입속에서 우물거리다, 윙윙거리다. hypnotic: 최면술의, 최면에 걸린 사람, 최면제. merciless: 무자비한, 용서없는. mob: 폭도, 오합지졸, 군중, 떼지어 습격하다, 소매치기의 일당, 소매치기의 한패, 도둑의 일당,

대중취향, 폭도의, 하충민, 군중의. recurring: 회귀하는, 되풀이하여 발생하는, 순환하는, 반복되어 발생되는. summertime: 하계, 여름철, 한여름, 하계기. warpath: 노하여, 출정의 길, 북미 인디언의 정도. watchful: 경계하는, 주의 깊은, 조심스러운, 방심하지 않는, 주의깊은.

Upton Sinclair

21

exception to this rule, not even little Ona—who has asked for a holiday the day after her wedding day, a holiday without pay, and been refused. While there are so many who are anxious to work as you wish, there is no occasion for incommoding yourself with those who must work otherwise.% Little Ona is nearly ready to faint—and half in a stupor herself, because of the heavy scent in the room. She has not taken a drop, but every one else there is literally burning alcohol, as the lamps are burning oil; some of the men who are sound asleep in their chairs or on the floor are reeking of it so that you cannot go near them. Now and then Jurgis gazes at her hungrily—he has long since forgotten his shyness; but then the crowd is there, and he still waits and watches the door, where a carriage is supposed to come. It does not, and finally he will wait no longer, but comes up to Ona, who turns white and trembles. He puts her shawl about her and then his own coat. They live only two blocks away, and Jurgis does not care about the carriage. There is almost no farewell—the dancers do not notice them, and all of the children and many of the old folks have fallen asleep of sheer exhaustion. Dede Antanas is asleep, and so are the Szedvilases, husband and wife, the former snoring in octaves. There is Teta Elzbieta, and Marija, sobbing loudly; and then there is only the silent night, with the stars beginning to pale a little in the east. Jurgis, without a word, lifts Ona in his arms, and strides out with her, and she sinks her head upon his shoulder with a moan. When he reaches home he is not sure whether she has fainted or is asleep, but when he has to hold her with one hand while he unlocks the door, he sees that she has opened her eyes. "You shall not go to Brown's today, little one," he whispers, as he climbs the stairs; and she catches his arm in terror, gasping: "No! No! I dare not! It will ruin us!" But he answers her again: "Leave it to me; leave it to me. I will earn more money—I will work harder."

Korean blocks: 블록. burning: 불타는, 긴급한, 격렬한, 타고 있는 것, 타고 있는, 시급한. earn: 벌다, 감사 따위를 받을 만하다, 받다, 손에넣다, 얻다, 차지하다, 일하여 얻다, 일하여얻다, 수입을 낳다, 받을 만하다, 획득하다. exhaustion: 피로, 고갈, 소모, 배출, 철저한 연구, 철저한 검토, 다 써버림, 배기. gasping: 숨결이 가쁜, 경련하는,

헐떡거리는. literally: 글자뜻대로. loudly: 큰소리로, 화려하게, 고성으로. moan: 신음하다, 한탄하다, 끙끙거리다, 신음, 슬픔의 신음, 불행 따위를 한탄하다, 고통의 신음, 신음 소리. ruin: 파멸, 폐허, 손해, 파산, 몰락, 파멸시키다, 피해, 잔해, 파괴하다, 영락, 몰락한 사람. scent: 냄새, 향수를 뿌리다, 향수,

흔적, 향기, 냄새 맡다, 냄새를 풍기다, 냄새자취, 실마리, 알아채다, 후각. shawl: 숄, 어깨 걸치개, 에 숄을 걸치다. sheer: 수직으로, 얇은, 속이 비치는 얇은, 수직의, 순전한, 아주, 가파른, 전혀, 현호, 벗어나다, 침로를 바꾸다. shyness: 수줍음, 스스러움, 겁, 겁많음, 숫기없음, 소심. sobbing: 흐느껴 우는.

22

The Jungle

CHAPTER 2

Jurgis%talked lightly about work, because he was young. They told him stories about the breaking down of men, there in the stockyards of Chicago, and of what had happened to them afterward—stories to make your flesh creep, but Jurgis would only laugh. He had only been there four months, and he was young, and a giant besides. There was too much health in him. He could not even imagine how it would feel to be beaten. "That is well enough for men like you," he would say, "silpnas, puny fellows—but my back is broad." Jurgis was like a boy, a boy from the country. He was the sort of man the bosses like to get hold of, the sort they make it a grievance they cannot get hold of. When he was told to go to a certain place, he would go there on the run. When he had nothing to do for the moment, he would stand round fidgeting, dancing, with the overflow of energy that was in him. If he were working in a line of men, the line always moved too slowly for him, and you could pick him out by his impatience and restlessness. That was why he had been picked out on one important occasion; for Jurgis had stood outside of Brown and Company's "Central Time Station" not more than half an hour, the second day of his arrival in Chicago, before he had been beckoned by one of the bosses. Of this he was very proud, and it made him more disposed than ever to laugh at the pessimists. In vain would they all tell him that there were men in that crowd from which he had been chosen who had stood there a month—yes, many

Korean creep: 포복, 기다, 살살 기다, 소리를 죽여 걷다, 근질근질하다, 탐해구로 해저를 더듬다, 지층의 변형, 점점 어긋나 움직이다, 섬뜩해지는 느낌, 살금살금 걷다, 슬며시 접근하다. dancing: 무도, 춤, 댄스 홀, 무도장, 댄스 연습, 댄스. energy: 에너지, 정력, 원기, 활기, 능력, 활동력. giant: 거인, 거대한, 위인, 기가스. grievance: 불만, 불평거리, 불만의 씨.

hold: 지탱하다, 소유하다, 끌다, 품다, 효력이 있다, 유지하다, 견디다, 보류하다, 잡다, 쥐다, 나아가다. impatience: 조바심, 성급함, 초조, 견딜 수 없음, 참을수 없는일, 조급, 안달, 성급. lightly: 가볍게, 명랑하게, 부드럽게, 쉽사리, 민첩하게, 경솔히, 사뿐히, 약간, 얕게, 홀가분하게, 조용히. moved: 움직이는. overflow: 범람, 충만, 범람하다,

넘치다, 배수로, 에서 넘치다, 유출, 넘쳐흐름, 남아 돌아가다, 과다, 가장자리로 넘치게 하다. picked: 정선한, 깨끗이 한, 쥐어뜯는. puny: 아주 작은, 미약한, 보잘것 없는, 자그마한. restlessness: 차분하지 못함. vain: 헛된, 쓸데 없는, 공허한, 자부심이 강한, 헛되게, 경솔하게, 가치없는, 자만심이 강한, 속절없는.

Upton Sinclair

23

months—and%not been chosen yet. "Yes," he would say, "but what sort of men? Broken-down tramps and good- for-nothings, fellows who have spent all their money drinking, and want to get more for it. Do you want me to believe that with these arms"—and he would clench his fists and hold them up in the air, so that you might see the rolling muscles—that with these arms people will ever let me starve?" "It is plain," they would answer to this, "that you have come from the country, and from very far in the country." And this was the fact, for Jurgis had never seen a city, and scarcely even a fair-sized town, until he had set out to make his fortune in the world and earn his right to Ona. His father, and his father's father before him, and as many ancestors back as legend could go, had lived in that part of Lithuania known as Brelovicz, the Imperial Forest. This is a great tract of a hundred thousand acres, which from time immemorial has been a hunting preserve of the nobility. There are a very few peasants settled in it, holding title from ancient times; and one of these was Antanas Rudkus, who had been reared himself, and had reared his children in turn, upon half a dozen acres of cleared land in the midst of a wilderness. There had been one son besides Jurgis, and one sister. The former had been drafted into the army; that had been over ten years ago, but since that day nothing had ever been heard of him. The sister was married, and her husband had bought the place when old Antanas had decided to go with his son. It was nearly a year and a half ago that Jurgis had met Ona, at a horse fair a hundred miles from home. Jurgis had never expected to get married— he had laughed at it as a foolish trap for a man to walk into; but here, without ever having spoken a word to her, with no more than the exchange of half a dozen smiles, he found himself, purple in the face with embarrassment and terror, asking her parents to sell her to him for his wife—and offering his father's two horses he had been sent to the fair to sell. But Ona's father proved as a rock—the girl was yet a child, and he was a rich man, and his daughter was not to be had in that way. So Jurgis went home with a heavy heart, and that spring and summer toiled and tried hard to forget. In the fall, after the harvest was over, he

Korean clench: 단단히 쥐기, 이를 악물기, 악물다, 부르쥐다, 결말을 짓다, 단단히 쥐다, 끝을 꼬부리다, 꾹 다물어지다, 끝을 꼬부리기, 꽉죄다, 치를 떨기. foolish: 하찮은, 바보같은, 미련한, 어리석은. harvest: 수확, 수확기, 수확하다, 추수, 결과, 보수, 거두어 들임, 소득, 수확물, 수확기의, 수확물의. immemorial: 태고의, 사람의 기억에

없는, 옛적의, 먼 옛날의, 기억에 자주빛이 되게하다, 자줏빛의, 없는. 호화로운-자주빛이 되게하다, 고위. legend: 전설, 명, 일러두기, 설명문, rolling: 구르는, 굴리기, 회전. 성도전, 메달 따위의 명각, 화폐 표면 tract: 소책자, 팜플렛, 지역, 관, 넓이, 따위의 명각, 명각, 전설 문학. 기간, 계통, 넓은 땅, 소논문, 다발, midst: 한가운데, 중앙. 넓은 면적. nobility: 고귀한 태생, 귀족, 고결함, wilderness: 황야, 끝없이 넓음, 남작, 백작, 숭고, 숭고함, 자작, 후작, 사람이 살지 않는 땅, 일부러 손질 고상함, 귀족상원의원과 그집안. 않고 내버려둔 곳, 막대한 수량, purple: 화려한, 제왕의, 자줏빛, 왕위, 광막한 곳, 막대한 수, 미국 호화로운, 자주빛의, 고위-자주빛의, 비르드지니아 주 북동부의 산림 지대.

24

The Jungle

saw that it would not do, and tramped the full fortnight's journey that lay between him and Ona.% He found an unexpected state of affairs—for the girl's father had died, and his estate was tied up with creditors; Jurgis' heart leaped as he realized that now the prize was within his reach. There was Elzbieta Lukoszaite, Teta, or Aunt, as they called her, Ona's stepmother, and there were her six children, of all ages. There was also her brother Jonas, a dried-up little man who had worked upon the farm. They were people of great consequence, as it seemed to Jurgis, fresh out of the woods; Ona knew how to read, and knew many other things that he did not know, and now the farm had been sold, and the whole family was adrift—all they owned in the world being about seven hundred rubles which is half as many dollars. They would have had three times that, but it had gone to court, and the judge had decided against them, and it had cost the balance to get him to change his decision. Ona might have married and left them, but she would not, for she loved Teta Elzbieta. It was Jonas who suggested that they all go to America, where a friend of his had gotten rich. He would work, for his part, and the women would work, and some of the children, doubtless—they would live somehow. Jurgis, too, had heard of America. That was a country where, they said, a man might earn three rubles a day; and Jurgis figured what three rubles a day would mean, with prices as they were where he lived, and decided forthwith that he would go to America and marry, and be a rich man in the bargain. In that country, rich or poor, a man was free, it was said; he did not have to go into the army, he did not have to pay out his money to rascally officials— he might do as he pleased, and count himself as good as any other man. So America was a place of which lovers and young people dreamed. If one could only manage to get the price of a passage, he could count his troubles at an end. It was arranged that they should leave the following spring, and meantime Jurgis sold himself to a contractor for a certain time, and tramped nearly four hundred miles from home with a gang of men to work upon a railroad in Smolensk. This was a fearful experience, with filth and bad food and cruelty

Korean bargain: 흥정하다, 매매, 약속을 하다, 거래, 교섭하다, 기대하다, 바꾸다, 싼 물건, 의 조건을 붙이다, 헐값의. contractor: 수축근, 청부인, 계약자, 토건업자, 도급자. fearful: 무서운, 지독한, 걱정하여, 두려워하여, 신을 두려워하는, 두려워, 심한. filth: 오물, 외설, 추잡, 음담패설. forthwith: 즉시, 당장, 곧, 곧 실행해야할 명령, 곧장, 즉시로.

gang: 한 벌, 일단, 놀이친구, 집단을 이루다, 일당, 패, 한동아리, 가다, 걷다, 일단이 되다, 폭력단. meantime: 이럭저럭하는 동안에, 그 동안에, 이야기는 바뀌어, 한편 이야기는 바뀌어. owned: 이 소유하는. railroad: 철도, 철도로 수송하다, 철도의, 철도에서 일하다, 철도로 여행하다, 철도 시설, 누명을 씌워 투옥하다, 무고한 죄를 뒤집어

씌우다, 철도선로, 일사천리로 통과시키다, 철도를 놓다 무리하게 통과시키다. rascally: 무뢰한의, 악당의, 천한, 악랄한, 비열한, 더러운, 교활한, 야비한. stepmother: 의붓어머니, 계모, 의붓어미. unexpected: 뜻하지 않은, 뜻밖의, 예기치 않은. woods: 형이 보통임.

Upton Sinclair

25

and overwork; but Jurgis stood it and came out in fine trim, and with eighty rubles sewed up in his coat. He did not drink or fight, because he was thinking all the time of Ona; and for the rest, he was a quiet, steady man, who did what he was told to, did not lose his temper often, and when he did lose it made the offender anxious that he should not lose it again. When they paid him off he dodged the company gamblers and dramshops, and so they tried to kill him; but he escaped, and tramped it home, working at odd jobs, and sleeping always with one eye open.% So in the summer time they had all set out for America. At the last moment there joined them Marija Berczynskas, who was a cousin of Ona's. Marija was an orphan, and had worked since childhood for a rich farmer of Vilna, who beat her regularly. It was only at the age of twenty that it had occurred to Marija to try her strength, when she had risen up and nearly murdered the man, and then come away. There were twelve in all in the party, five adults and six children— and Ona, who was a little of both. They had a hard time on the passage; there was an agent who helped them, but he proved a scoundrel, and got them into a trap with some officials, and cost them a good deal of their precious money, which they clung to with such horrible fear. This happened to them again in New York—for, of course, they knew nothing about the country, and had no one to tell them, and it was easy for a man in a blue uniform to lead them away, and to take them to a hotel and keep them there, and make them pay enormous charges to get away. The law says that the rate card shall be on the door of a hotel, but it does not say that it shall be in Lithuanian. It was in the stockyards that Jonas' friend had gotten rich, and so to Chicago the party was bound. They knew that one word, Chicago and that was all they needed to know, at least, until they reached the city. Then, tumbled out of the cars without ceremony, they were no better off than before; they stood staring down the vista of Dearborn Street, with its big black buildings towering in the distance, unable to realize that they had arrived, and why, when they said "Chicago," people no longer pointed in some direction, but instead looked

Korean escaped: 도망한, 탈주한. horrible: 무서운, 심한, 지겨운, 무시무시한, 오싹할 만큼 싫은. offender: 범죄자, 남의 감정을 해치는 사람, 무례한 자, 반칙자, 법률상의 범죄자. orphan: 부모가 없는, 고아, 한쪽의 부모가 없는 아이, 고아로 만들다, 고아의, 부모 중 어느 한 쪽이 없는 아이, 양친이 없는 아이, 고아가 되게 하다.

overwork: 지나치게 일하다, 과로, 원대한, 위대한, 큰, 높이 치솟은. 초과근무, 지나치게 일시키다, trap: 덫, 휴대품, 덫을 놓다, 입, 과로하다, 과로시키다, 여분의 일, 타악기류, 순경, 덫 사냥을 직업으로 지나치게 일을 시키다, 지나친 노동. 하다, 수하물, 뚜껑문, 표적 날리는 scoundrel: 악당, 깡패, 건달의. 장치, 계략. sleeping: 수면. trim: 장식하다, 정돈하다, 손질, temper: 기분, 기질, 침착, 평정, 굳기, 목조부, 균형을 잡다, 균형, 복장, 되불림, 알맞은 조합정도, 적당한 기분, 깎아 버리다, 정된, 정돈된. 정도, 반죽하다, 부드러워지다, vista: 전망, 가로수 길, 거리, 멀리 되불리다. 보이는 경치, 예상, 멀리 내다보이는 towering: 높이 솟은, 격렬한, 큰 경치, 추억.

26

The Jungle

perplexed, or laughed, or went on without paying any attention. They were pitiable in their helplessness; above all things they stood in deadly terror of any sort of person in official uniform, and so whenever they saw a policeman they would cross the street and hurry by. For the whole of the first day they wandered about in the midst of deafening confusion, utterly lost; and it was only at night that, cowering in the doorway of a house, they were finally discovered and taken by a policeman to the station. In the morning an interpreter was found, and they were taken and put upon a car, and taught a new word— "stockyards." Their delight at discovering that they were to get out of this adventure without losing another share of their possessions it would not be possible to describe.% They sat and stared out of the window. They were on a street which seemed to run on forever, mile after mile—thirty-four of them, if they had known it—and each side of it one uninterrupted row of wretched little two-story frame buildings. Down every side street they could see, it was the same— never a hill and never a hollow, but always the same endless vista of ugly and dirty little wooden buildings. Here and there would be a bridge crossing a filthy creek, with hard-baked mud shores and dingy sheds and docks along it; here and there would be a railroad crossing, with a tangle of switches, and locomotives puffing, and rattling freight cars filing by; here and there would be a great factory, a dingy building with innumerable windows in it, and immense volumes of smoke pouring from the chimneys, darkening the air above and making filthy the earth beneath. But after each of these interruptions, the desolate procession would begin again—the procession of dreary little buildings. A full hour before the party reached the city they had begun to note the perplexing changes in the atmosphere. It grew darker all the time, and upon the earth the grass seemed to grow less green. Every minute, as the train sped on, the colors of things became dingier; the fields were grown parched and yellow, the landscape hideous and bare. And along with the thickening smoke they began to notice another circumstance, a strange, pungent odor. They were not sure that it was unpleasant, this odor; some might have called it sickening, but

Korean creek: 작은 만, 후미, 작은 내, 크리크 동맹, 크리크 말, 크리크족, 지류, 내포, 작은내, 크리크, 크리크 사람. desolate: 황량한, 황폐케하다, 황폐한, 음산한, 고독한, 사람이 안 사는, 시람이 안 사는, 쓸쓸한, 내버려진. dingy: 지저분한, 거무스름한, 그을은, 더러운, 거무죽죽한, 평판이 나쁜. dreary: 울적한, 쓸쓸한, 지루한, 처량한, 음울한, 황량한. odor: 냄새, 기미, 방향, 평판.

parched: 목이 마른, 목마른, 구운, rattling: 활발한, 굉장한, 바짝 마른, 볶은, 지면 따위 말라 덜거덕거리는, 훌륭한, 아주, 성가신, 있는, 말라 있는, 목이 칼칼하게 마른. 매우, 딸랑거리는, 대단히, 기운찬, perplexed: 당황한, 난처한, 복잡한, 귀찮은. 어찌할 바를 모르는, 골치 아픈. sickening: 병나게 하는, 지겨운, perplexing: 혼란한, 까다로운, 당혹한, 메스꺼운, 구역질나게 하는, 곤혹시키는, 문제 따위 곤혹시키는. 욕지기나게 하는. pitiable: 비천한, 가엾은. thickening: 풀먹임, 농후제, 농화, pungent: 날카로운, 자극하는, 마음을 두껍게하기, 두꺼워짐, 농밀화, 굵게 찌르는, 신랄한, 혀나 코를 자극하는, 함, 농후재료, 두껍게 됨, 두껍게 함, 마음을 몹시 아프게 하는. 굵게 됨.

Upton Sinclair

27

their%taste in odors was not developed, and they were only sure that it was curious. Now, sitting in the trolley car, they realized that they were on their way to the home of it—that they had traveled all the way from Lithuania to it. It was now no longer something far off and faint, that you caught in whiffs; you could literally taste it, as well as smell it—you could take hold of it, almost, and examine it at your leisure. They were divided in their opinions about it. It was an elemental odor, raw and crude; it was rich, almost rancid, sensual, and strong. There were some who drank it in as if it were an intoxicant; there were others who put their handkerchiefs to their faces. The new emigrants were still tasting it, lost in wonder, when suddenly the car came to a halt, and the door was flung open, and a voice shouted—"Stockyards!" They were left standing upon the corner, staring; down a side street there were two rows of brick houses, and between them a vista: half a dozen chimneys, tall as the tallest of buildings, touching the very sky—and leaping from them half a dozen columns of smoke, thick, oily, and black as night. It might have come from the center of the world, this smoke, where the fires of the ages still smolder. It came as if self-impelled, driving all before it, a perpetual explosion. It was inexhaustible; one stared, waiting to see it stop, but still the great streams rolled out. They spread in vast clouds overhead, writhing, curling; then, uniting in one giant river, they streamed away down the sky, stretching a black pall as far as the eye could reach. Then the party became aware of another strange thing. This, too, like the color, was a thing elemental; it was a sound, a sound made up of ten thousand little sounds. You scarcely noticed it at first—it sunk into your consciousness, a vague disturbance, a trouble. It was like the murmuring of the bees in the spring, the whisperings of the forest; it suggested endless activity, the rumblings of a world in motion. It was only by an effort that one could realize that it was made by animals, that it was the distant lowing of ten thousand cattle, the distant grunting of ten thousand swine. They would have liked to follow it up, but, alas, they had no time for adventures just then. The policeman on the corner was beginning to watch them;

Korean color: 색, 안색, 군기, 개성, 착색, 채색하다, 입장, 물들다, 윤색하다, 빛깔, 얼굴을 붉히다. curling: 컬링, 말리기 쉬운, 말림, 위축, 머리 지지는데 쓰이는, 말려 올라감, 말아 지지기. elemental: 원소의, 사대의, 근원적인, 본질적인, 원리의, 원소 같은, 초보의, 자연력과 같은, 자연 그대로의, 요소의. inexhaustible: 무진장의, 지칠줄

모르는, 다 쓸 수 없는, 아귀센, 피로를 모르는, 무진장한. intoxicant: 취하게 하는, 술, 마취제, 취하게 만드는 것. lowing: 소의 울음소리 음매하고 우는, 음매하고 우는, 소의 울음 소리. oily: 기름의, 기름바른, 유질의, 말솜씨가 좋은, 입에 발린, 유성의. pall: 물리다, 관 덮는 천, 관 씌우개로 덮다, 맛이 없어지다, 막, 음침한 막, 관 덮는 보, 싫증이 나게 하다.

rancid: 썩은 냄새가 나는, 불유쾌한, 불쾌한, 썩은 냄새 나는, 악취가 나는, 역겨운, 코를 찌르는, 버터 따위가 썩은 냄새가 나는. smolder: 연기 나다, 그을다, 울적하다, 울적, 내피움, 그을려서 검게 하다, 내는 불. swine: 돼지, 야비한 사람, 비열한 놈. traveled: 견문이 넓은, 여행에 익숙한, 여행자가 많은, 여행자가 이용하는, 표적한, 널리 여행한.

28

The Jungle

and so, as usual, they started up the street. Scarcely had they gone a block, however, before Jonas was heard to give a cry, and began pointing excitedly across the street. Before they could gather the meaning of his breathless ejaculations he had bounded away, and they saw him enter a shop, over which was a sign: "J. Szedvilas, Delicatessen." When he came out again it was in company with a very stout gentleman in shirt sleeves and an apron, clasping Jonas by both hands and laughing hilariously. Then Teta Elzbieta recollected suddenly that Szedvilas had been the name of the mythical friend who had made his fortune in America. To find that he had been making it in the delicatessen business was an extraordinary piece of good fortune at this juncture; though it was well on in the morning, they had not breakfasted, and the children were beginning to whimper.% Thus was the happy ending to a woeful voyage. The two families literally fell upon each other's necks—for it had been years since Jokubas Szedvilas had met a man from his part of Lithuania. Before half the day they were lifelong friends. Jokubas understood all the pitfalls of this new world, and could explain all of its mysteries; he could tell them the things they ought to have done in the different emergencies—and what was still more to the point, he could tell them what to do now. He would take them to poni Aniele, who kept a boardinghouse the other side of the yards; old Mrs. Jukniene, he explained, had not what one would call choice accommodations, but they might do for the moment. To this Teta Elzbieta hastened to respond that nothing could be too cheap to suit them just then; for they were quite terrified over the sums they had had to expend. A very few days of practical experience in this land of high wages had been sufficient to make clear to them the cruel fact that it was also a land of high prices, and that in it the poor man was almost as poor as in any other corner of the earth; and so there vanished in a night all the wonderful dreams of wealth that had been haunting Jurgis. What had made the discovery all the more painful was that they were spending, at American prices, money which they had earned at home rates of wages—and so were really being cheated by the world! The last two days they had all but starved themselves—it made them quite sick to pay the prices that the railroad people asked them for food.

Korean apron: 에이프런, 바텐더, 앞무대, 행주치마, 앞치마를 두르다, 앞치마, 격납고, 불쑥 나온 앞무대, 격납고 앞의 광장, 앞의 광장, 격납고 앞의 포장된 광장. boardinghouse: 기숙사, 하숙집. cruel: 잔인한, 심한, 잔혹한, 아주, 몹시, 지독하게, 무정한, 무참한, 비차만, 비참한, 지독한. excitedly: 흥분하여. expend: 소비하다, 들이다, 다

써버리다, 돈을 쓰다, 둥근 기둥 등에 감다. haunting: 출몰, 마음에서 떠나지 않는, 마음에서 떠나지 않는 자주 다니기, 잊혀지지 않는, 자주 다님, 자주 마음속에 떠오르는. juncture: 이음매, 연결, 경우, 위기, 접합, 접속, 연접, 전기. lifelong: 일생의, 평생의, 종신의. mythical: 신화의, 가공의. recollected: 냉정한, 침착한, 추억의,

차분한, 묵상에 잠긴, 생각난. starved: 굶주린, 허기진, 굶어 죽는. stout: 뚱뚱한, 튼튼한, 용감한, 살찐, 흑맥주, 억센, 비만형의 옷, 끄떡도 않는, 독한, 스타우트. terrified: 겁먹은, 무서워하는, 겁에 질린. voyage: 항해, 항해하다, 바다를 건너가다, 건너 지르다, 여행기. woeful: 비참한, 애처로운, 심한, 슬픔에 찬, 지독한, 슬퍼할만한.

Upton Sinclair

29

Yet, when they saw the home of the Widow Jukniene they could not but recoil, even so. ln all their journey they had seen nothing so bad as this. Poni Aniele had a four-room flat in one of that wilderness of two-story frame tenements that lie "back of the yards." There were four such flats in each building, and each of the four was a "boardinghouse" for the occupancy of foreigners—Lithuanians, Poles, Slovaks, or Bohemians. Some of these places were kept by private persons, some were cooperative. There would be an average of half a dozen boarders to each room—sometimes there were thirteen or fourteen to one room, fifty or sixty to a flat. Each one of the occupants furnished his own accommodations—that is, a mattress and some bedding. The mattresses would be spread upon the floor in rows—and there would be nothing else in the place except a stove. It was by no means unusual for two men to own the same mattress in common, one working by day and using it by night, and the other working at night and using it in the daytime. Very frequently a lodging house keeper would rent the same beds to double shifts of men.% Mrs. Jukniene was a wizened-up little woman, with a wrinkled face. Her home was unthinkably filthy; you could not enter by the front door at all, owing to the mattresses, and when you tried to go up the backstairs you found that she had walled up most of the porch with old boards to make a place to keep her chickens. It was a standing jest of the boarders that Aniele cleaned house by letting the chickens loose in the rooms. Undoubtedly this did keep down the vermin, but it seemed probable, in view of all the circumstances, that the old lady regarded it rather as feeding the chickens than as cleaning the rooms. The truth was that she had definitely given up the idea of cleaning anything, under pressure of an attack of rheumatism, which had kept her doubled up in one corner of her room for over a week; during which time eleven of her boarders, heavily in her debt, had concluded to try their chances of employment in Kansas City. This was July, and the fields were green. One never saw the fields, nor any green thing whatever, in Packingtown; but one could go out on the road and "hobo it," as the men phrased it, and see the country, and have a long rest, and an easy time riding on the freight cars.

Korean bedding: 침구, 토대, 성층, 깃, 기반, 화단용의, 깔짚, 깔깃. cooperative: 협동조합, 협동의, 협력적인, 조합의, 소비조합의, 협조적인, 협동조합의 매점, 협동주택. daytime: 주간, 낮. furnished: 가구 달린, 구색을 갖춘, 재고량이 ...한. jest: 웃음거리, 농담, 희롱, 우롱하다, 놀리다, 농담을 하다, 농담하다,

까불다. letting: 셋집, 임대, 전세아파트. lodging: 하숙, 셋방, 숙소, 숙박, 하숙집, 학장 관사, 주소. mattress: 침대요, 침상, 짚 요, 요, 섶나무 다발, 침대용의 털 요, 털 요, 호안 공사의 섶나무 다발, 침대용의 짚 요. occupancy: 점유, 거주, 인실. porch: 베란다, 현관, 옛날 아테네에서 제노가 제자들을 모아서 철학 강의를

한 복도. recoil: 뒷걸음질, 반동, 뒷걸음질치다, 되튀다, 위축, 되튀기, 진저리침, 공무니빼다, 혐오, 다시 감다, 퇴각하다. vermin: 사회의 해충, 해충, 건달, 깡패, 해로운 짐승, 두더지 따위, 영국에서는 엽조나 가금을 해치는 매, 여우, 올빼미, 해수. walled: 벽이 있는. wrinkled: 주름진, 주름살지는.

30

The Jungle

Such was the home to which the new arrivals were welcomed. There was nothing better to be had—they might not do so well by looking further, for Mrs. Jukniene had at least kept one room for herself and her three little children, and now offered to share this with the women and the girls of the party. They could get bedding at a secondhand store, she explained; and they would not need any, while the weather was so hot— doubtless they would all sleep on the sidewalk such nights as this, as did nearly all of her guests. "Tomorrow," Jurgis said, when they were left alone, "tomorrow I will get a job, and perhaps Jonas will get one also; and then we can get a place of our own."% Later that afternoon he and Ona went out to take a walk and look about them, to see more of this district which was to be their home. In back of the yards the dreary two-story frame houses were scattered farther apart, and there were great spaces bare—that seemingly had been overlooked by the great sore of a city as it spread itself over the surface of the prairie. These bare places were grown up with dingy, yellow weeds, hiding innumerable tomato cans; innumerable children played upon them, chasing one another here and there, screaming and fighting. The most uncanny thing about this neighborhood was the number of the children; you thought there must be a school just out, and it was only after long acquaintance that you were able to realize that there was no school, but that these were the children of the neighborhood—that there were so many children to the block in Packingtown that nowhere on its streets could a horse and buggy move faster than a walk! It could not move faster anyhow, on account of the state of the streets. Those through which Jurgis and Ona were walking resembled streets less than they did a miniature topographical map. The roadway was commonly several feet lower than the level of the houses, which were sometimes joined by high board walks; there were no pavements—there were mountains and valleys and rivers, gullies and ditches, and great hollows full of stinking green water. In these pools the children played, and rolled about in the mud of the streets; here and there one noticed them digging in it, after trophies which they had stumbled on. One wondered about this, as also about the swarms of flies which hung about the

Korean acquaintance: 지식, 알고 있음, 면식, 아는 사람, 잘아는 사람, 익히 알고 있음, 안면, 숙지, 아는 사인. anyhow: 되는 대로, 적당히, 적어도, 어떻게든, 아무렇게나, 어떻게 해서든지, 여하튼, 아무리 해도. buggy: 빈대가많은, 벌레투성이의, 이륜 경마차, 말한필이끄는4륜마차. farther: 더먼, 좀더, 그위에, 더욱더, 더멀리, 더욱이, 더 앞선, 더 멀리, 더 먼, 더 뒤의, 더 나중의.

innumerable: 무수한, 셀수 없는, 이루 셀 수 없는. neighborhood: 근처, 지방, 약, 인근, 이웃, 지역, 자네근처의, 이웃사람들주위, 이웃의, 이웃간의 정의, 이웃 사람들. prairie: 대초원, 숲속의 조그만 빈터, 초원. roadway: 도로, 차도. rolled: 압연한. secondhand: 전해 들은, 간접의,

두번째의, 중고의, 헌 물건을 파는. sidewalk: 인도, 보도. stinking: 구린, 냄새나는, 악취를 풍기는, 불쾌할 정도로. topographical: 의 예술적 표현의, 지지의, 지지적인, 지형상의, 지형학의, 국소 해부의. uncanny: 기분 나쁜, 이상한, 초자연적인, 힘드는, 부자연스러울 정도의, 섬뜩한. weeds: 상복.

Upton Sinclair

31

scene, %literally blackening the air, and the strange, fetid odor which assailed one's nostrils, a ghastly odor, of all the dead things of the universe. It impelled the visitor to questions and then the residents would explain, quietly, that all this was "made" land, and that it had been "made" by using it as a dumping ground for the city garbage. After a few years the unpleasant effect of this would pass away, it was said; but meantime, in hot weather—and especially when it rained—the flies were apt to be annoying. Was it not unhealthful? the stranger would ask, and the residents would answer, "Perhaps; but there is no telling." A little way farther on, and Jurgis and Ona, staring open-eyed and wondering, came to the place where this "made" ground was in process of making. Here was a great hole, perhaps two city blocks square, and with long files of garbage wagons creeping into it. The place had an odor for which there are no polite words; and it was sprinkled over with children, who raked in it from dawn till dark. Sometimes visitors from the packing houses would wander out to see this "dump," and they would stand by and debate as to whether the children were eating the food they got, or merely collecting it for the chickens at home. Apparently none of them ever went down to find out. Beyond this dump there stood a great brickyard, with smoking chimneys. First they took out the soil to make bricks, and then they filled it up again with garbage, which seemed to Jurgis and Ona a felicitous arrangement, characteristic of an enterprising country like America. A little way beyond was another great hole, which they had emptied and not yet filled up. This held water, and all summer it stood there, with the near-by soil draining into it, festering and stewing in the sun; and then, when winter came, somebody cut the ice on it, and sold it to the people of the city. This, too, seemed to the newcomers an economical arrangement; for they did not read the newspapers, and their heads were not full of troublesome thoughts about "germs." They stood there while the sun went down upon this scene, and the sky in the west turned blood-red, and the tops of the houses shone like fire. Jurgis and Ona were not thinking of the sunset, however—their backs were turned to it, and all their thoughts were of Packingtown, which they could see so plainly in

Korean annoying: 성가신, 귀찮은, 괴롭히는, 지겨운, 귀찮게하는. brickyard: 벽돌공장, 벽돌 공장. creeping: 탐해법, 남몰래 빌붙는, 기어 돌아다니는, 아첨, 느린, 근질근질한 느낌, 기기, 근질근질하는, 포복, 잠행성의, 은밀한. dumping: 덤핑, 쓰레기 따위를 내버림, 염가 수출, 투매, 쏟아 버림. economical: 절약하는, 검약한, 실용적인, 경제적인, 경제의,

경제학의, 경제상의, 실리적인. enterprising: 기업심이왕성한, 모험적인, 기업적인, 진취적인. felicitous: 표현이 교묘한, 적절한, 표현을 잘하는, 경사스러운, 교묘한. fetid: 악취를풍기는, 악취가 나는, 악취를 풍기는. garbage: 쓰레기, 찌꺼기, 고기찌끼, 보잘것 없는 것. ghastly: 무시무시한, 지독한, 송장같은, 핼쑥한, 파랗게 질린,

무섭게, 무서운, 할쑥한, 심한, 무시무시하게. open-eyed: 눈을 뜬, 빈틈 없는. plainly: 솔직하게, 명백히, 검소하게, 간소하게, 뚜렷하게. sunset: 말기, 해질녘, 일몰, 저녁놀, 종말, 일물. troublesome: 귀찮은, 골치 아픈, 다루기 힘든, 성가신, 까다로운, 말썽부리는. unhealthful: 건강에 해로운.

32

The Jungle

the distance. The line of the buildings stood clear-cut and black against the sky; here and there out of the mass rose the great chimneys, with the river of smoke streaming away to the end of the world. It was a study in colors now, this smoke; in the sunset light it was black and brown and gray and purple. All the sordid suggestions of the place were gone—in the twilight it was a vision of power. To the two who stood watching while the darkness swallowed it up, it seemed a dream of wonder, with its talc of human energy, of things being done, of employment for thousands upon thousands of men, of opportunity and freedom, of life and love and joy. When they came away, arm in arm, Jurgis was saying, "Tomorrow I shall go there and get a job!"%

Korean clear-cut: 윤곽이 뚜렷한, 선명한, 명쾌한, 윤곽이 렷한 뚜. darkness: 어둠, 암흑, 무지, 설명, 애매, 불명료, 맹목, 흑심. dream: 몽상, 꿈, 공상하다, 꿈꾸다, 매력 있는 사람, 아름다운 사람, 훌륭한 사람, 꿈인가 싶은 사람, 포부, 아름다운 것, 멍하니 세월을 보내다. gray: 회색, 음침한, 원숙한, 늙은, 박명, 창백한, 백발의, 황혼, 회색의, 그레이, 노년의.

joy: 즐거움, 기쁨, 기뻐하다, 기쁘게 하다, 기쁨거리, 행복, 기쁘게 해주다, 기쁨을 주는 것. mass: 덩어리, 미사, 다수, 집단, 다량, 한 덩어리로 하다, 태반, 집중시키다, 질량, 매스, 크기. smoke: 얼굴을 붉히다, 궐련, 김이 나다, 그을리다, 대마초를 피우다, 잘 타지 않고 내다, 흑인, 훈제로 하다, 덧없는 것, 여송연, 연기. sordid: 더러운, 야비한, 욕심 많은,

칙칙한. streaming: 흐름, 능력별 학급 편성. talc: 곱돌, 운모, 활석, 탤컴 파우더, 활석으로 문지르다, 활석 가루. twilight: 황혼, 여명, 희미한 빛, 땅거미, 어둑새벽, 어스레하게 밝은, 여명기, 미광, 어슴푸레한 짐작, 어스름, 희미하게 비추다. vision: 시력, 환상, 시각, 상상력, 환영, 허깨비, 광경, 아름다운 사람, 예언력, 유령, 봄.

Upton Sinclair

33

CHAPTER 3

In%his capacity as delicatessen vender, Jokubas Szedvilas had many acquaintances. Among these was one of the special policemen employed by Durham, whose duty it frequently was to pick out men for employment. Jokubas had never tried it, but he expressed a certainty that he could get some of his friends a job through this man. It was agreed, after consultation, that he should make the effort with old Antanas and with Jonas. Jurgis was confident of his ability to get work for himself, unassisted by any one. As we have said before, he was not mistaken in this. He had gone to Brown's and stood there not more than half an hour before one of the bosses noticed his form towering above the rest, and signaled to him. The colloquy which followed was brief and to the point: "Speak English?" "No; Lít-uanian." (Jurgis had studied this word carefully.) "Job?" "Je." (A nod.) "Worked here before?" "No 'stand." (Signals and gesticulations on the part of the boss. Vigorous shakes of the head by Jurgis.)

Korean ability: 능력, 재능, 수완, 유자격. 필연적인사물, 객관적 확실성, 확실한 agreed: 동의하여, 일치한, 협정한. 일. boss: 두목, 감독, 사마귀, 보스, 둥근 colloquy: 담화, 회화, 대화, 회담, 돌기, 감독하다, 우두머리가되다, 자유토의, 정식의 담화. 보스가 되다, 두목이 되다, 돌기, confident: 자부심이 강한, 대담한, 양각. 막역한 벗, 확신하고, 자신 만만한, brief: 간결한, 요악하다, 훈령, 확신하여, 친구, 자신있는, 자신을 단시간의, 대의, 명령을 내리다, 짧은, 가진, 독단적인, 확신하고 있는. 변호를 의뢰하다, 요령, 잠시의, 소송 consultation: 참고, 상담, 참조, 상의, 사건의 적요를 작성하다. 전문가의 회의, 협의회, 협의, 감정, certainty: 확실성, 확신, 확실한 것, 진찰, 자문, 심의회.

employed: 고용자들, 노동자, 취직하고 있는. employment: 고용직, 고용, 일, 직업, 사용, 일자리. mistaken: 잘못된, 판단이 잘못된. studied: 심사 숙관, 정통한, 일부러 꾸민, 박식한, 부자연스런, 고의의. unassisted: 남의 도움이 없는. vender: 행상인, 파는 사람, 자동판매기, 자동 판매기. whose: 누구의.

34

The Jungle

"Shovel guts?" "No 'stand." (More shakes of the head.) "Zarnos. Pagaiksztis. Szluofa!" (Imitative motions.) "Je." "See door. Durys?" (Pointing.) "Je." "To-morrow, seven o'clock. Understand? Rytoj! Prieszpietys! Septyni!" "Dekui, tamistai!" (Thank you, sir.) And that was all. Jurgis turned away, and then in a sudden rush the full realization of his triumph swept over him, and he gave a yell and a jump, and started off on a run. He had a job! He had a job! And he went all the way home as if upon wings, and burst into the house like a cyclone, to the rage of the numerous lodgers who had just turned in for their daily sleep.% Meantime Jokubas had been to see his friend the policeman, and received encouragement, so it was a happy party. There being no more to be done that day, the shop was left under the care of Lucija, and her husband sallied forth to show his friends the sights of Packingtown. Jokubas did this with the air of a country gentleman escorting a party of visitors over his estate; he was an oldtime resident, and all these wonders had grown up under his eyes, and he had a personal pride in them. The packers might own the land, but he claimed the landscape, and there was no one to say nay to this. They passed down the busy street that led to the yards. It was still early morning, and everything was at its high tide of activity. A steady stream of employees was pouring through the gate—employees of the higher sort, at this hour, clerks and stenographers and such. For the women there were waiting big two-horse wagons, which set off at a gallop as fast as they were filled. In the distance there was heard again the lowing of the cattle, a sound as of a far-off ocean calling. They followed it, this time, as eager as children in sight of a circus menagerie—which, indeed, the scene a good deal resembled. They crossed the railroad tracks, and then on each side of the street were the pens full of cattle;

Korean circus: 서커스, 곡예, 곡마단, 원형의 네거리, 쾌활하고 떠들썩한 것, 원형 흥행장, 원형 광장, 고대 로마의 원형 경기장, 재미있는 사람, 크고 화려한 안경, 법석댐. cyclone: 대폭풍, 선풍, 열대성 저기압, 집진 장치, 온대성저기압, 큰 회오리 바람, 회리바람. encouragement: 격려함, 격려, 격려가 되는 것, 장려가 되는 것. gallop: 급속도, 갤럽, 갤럽으로

달리다, 급속도로 나아가다, 전속력으로 달리다, 갤럽으로 물다, 갤럽으로 말을 몰기, 갤럽으로 달리, 갤럽으로, 빨리 지나가다, 서두르다. nay: 아니, 거절, 반대 투표, 거부, 그 뿐만아니라, 불가능하다, 그렇기는 커녕, 그렇기는 하나, 라기보다는, 반대, 뿐만아니라. old-time: 옛날의. pouring: 붓는 것, 붓는 것의. realization: 현금화, 현실화, 실현,

인식, 실정을 앎, 실물같이 그림, 취득, 사실이라고 생각함, 정말이라고 생각함, 정말이라고 느낌, 정말이라고 깨달음. yell: 아우성치다, 큰소리로 외치다, 포복 절도하다, 폭소하다, 찢어지는 듯한 소리를 내다, 소리치다, 큰소리를 지르다, 자기 편 선수 응원의 일정한 함성, 응원에서 …에게 일정한 함성을 보내다, 외침, 외쳐 말하다.

Upton Sinclair

35

they would have stopped to look, but Jokubas hurried them on, to where there was a stairway and a raised gallery, from which everything could be seen. Here they stood, staring, breathless with wonder.% There is over a square mile of space in the yards, and more than half of it is occupied by cattle pens; north and south as far as the eye can reach there stretches a sea of pens. And they were all filled—so many cattle no one had ever dreamed existed in the world. Red cattle, black, white, and yellow cattle; old cattle and young cattle; great bellowing bulls and little calves not an hour born; meek-eyed milch cows and fierce, long-horned Texas steers. The sound of them here was as of all the barnyards of the universe; and as for counting them—it would have taken all day simply to count the pens. Here and there ran long alleys, blocked at intervals by gates; and Jokubas told them that the number of these gates was twenty-five thousand. Jokubas had recently been reading a newspaper article which was full of statistics such as that, and he was very proud as he repeated them and made his guests cry out with wonder. Jurgis too had a little of this sense of pride. Had he not just gotten a job, and become a sharer in all this activity, a cog in this marvelous machine? Here and there about the alleys galloped men upon horseback, booted, and carrying long whips; they were very busy, calling to each other, and to those who were driving the cattle. They were drovers and stock raisers, who had come from far states, and brokers and commission merchants, and buyers for all the big packing houses. Here and there they would stop to inspect a bunch of cattle, and there would be a parley, brief and businesslike. The buyer would nod or drop his whip, and that would mean a bargain; and he would note it in his little book, along with hundreds of others he had made that morning. Then Jokubas pointed out the place where the cattle were driven to be weighed, upon a great scale that would weigh a hundred thousand pounds at once and record it automatically. It was near to the east entrance that they stood, and all along this east side of the yards ran the railroad tracks, into which the cars were run, loaded with cattle. All night long this had been going on, and now the pens were full; by tonight they would all be empty, and the same thing would be done again.

Korean booted: 해고당한, 경골에 깃털이 난, 구두를 신은, 부츠를 신은. businesslike: 민첩한, 사무적인, 실제적인. calves: 빙산에서 떨어져 표류하는 얼음 덩어리, 송아지, 송아지 가죽, 어리석은 젊은이, 장딴지. cog: 속임수, 부정 수단을 쓰다, 큰 조직 안에서 일하는 사람, 이, 사기, 장부, 장부로 잇다, 속이다, 톱니바퀴, 실수하다, 부정.

horseback: 말의 등, 말등, 말을 타고. inspect: 검열하다, 사열하다, 시찰하다, 점검하다, 면밀하게 살피다, 조사하다, 검사하다. marvelous: 훌륭한, 놀라운, 괴이쩍은, 불가사이한, 이상한. milch: 젖이 나는, 젖 나는. nod: 끄덕이다, 졸다, 방심하다, 나부끼다, 깜빡 실수하다, 흔들림, 으로 쏠림, 기울다, 졸기, 잠들다, 인사하다.

parley: 협의, 상의, 교섭, 담판, 담판하다, 말하다, 특히 외국어를 말하다, 협상. sharer: 공유참여하는 사람, 받는 사람. stairway: 계단, 충계. weigh: 무거운 짐이 되다, 무게를 달다, 닻을 올리다, 울리다, 말을 음미하다, 몸무게를 달다, 손으로 무게를 헤아리다, 숙고하다, 압박하다, 잘 생각하다, 존중되다. whips: 다량, 다수의.

36

The Jungle

"And what will become of all these creatures?" cried Teta Elzbieta.% "By tonight," Jokubas answered, "they will all be killed and cut up; and over there on the other side of the packing houses are more railroad tracks, where the cars come to take them away." There were two hundred and fifty miles of track within the yards, their guide went on to tell them. They brought about ten thousand head of cattle every day, and as many hogs, and half as many sheep—which meant some eight or ten million live creatures turned into food every year. One stood and watched, and little by little caught the drift of the tide, as it set in the direction of the packing houses. There were groups of cattle being driven to the chutes, which were roadways about fifteen feet wide, raised high above the pens. In these chutes the stream of animals was continuous; it was quite uncanny to watch them, pressing on to their fate, all unsuspicious a very river of death. Our friends were not poetical, and the sight suggested to them no metaphors of human destiny; they thought only of the wonderful efficiency of it all. The chutes into which the hogs went climbed high up—to the very top of the distant buildings; and Jokubas explained that the hogs went up by the power of their own legs, and then their weight carried them back through all the processes necessary to make them into pork. "They don't waste anything here," said the guide, and then he laughed and added a witticism, which he was pleased that his unsophisticated friends should take to be his own: "They use everything about the hog except the squeal." In front of Brown's General Office building there grows a tiny plot of grass, and this, you may learn, is the only bit of green thing in Packingtown; likewise this jest about the hog and his squeal, the stock in trade of all the guides, is the one gleam of humor that you will find there. After they had seen enough of the pens, the party went up the street, to the mass of buildings which occupy the center of the yards. These buildings, made of brick and stained with innumerable layers of Packingtown smoke, were painted all over with advertising signs, from which the visitor realized suddenly that he had come to the home of many of the torments of his life. It was here that

Korean destiny: 운명, 천명, 하늘, 하늘의 뜻. don't: 금지조항서, 하지마세요. hog: 돼지, 더러운 사람, 욕심쟁이, 탐내어 제몫 이상으로 갖다, 자동차를 함부로 몰다, 돼지같은 놈, 머리를 숙이고 등을 둥글게 하다, 자기의 배당 이상으로 차지하다, 중앙부가 돼지 둥처럼 구부러지다, 짧게 깎다. humor: 해학, 기질, 만족시키다, 기분, 유머, 심기, 잘 다루다, 일시적인 기분, 익살, 유우머, 우스개.

likewise: 마찬가지로, 또한, 똑같이, 그리고 또한. occupy: 점령하다, 사용하다, 점령자, 종사시키다, 점유하다, 점거하다, 소비하다, 시일을 소비하다, 영유하다, 차지하다, 지위를 차지하다. pleased: 기뻐하는, 만족한. pork: 돼지고기, 보조금, 의원이 정치적 배려로 주게 하는 정부 관직 따위, 의원이 정치적 배려로 주게

하는 정부 보조금, 돼지 고기. squeal: 밀고하다, 비명, 끽끽 울다, 불평, 깩깩거리며 말하다, 깩깩거리다, 반대하다. unsophisticated: 순진한, 단순한, 섞지 않은, 순수한, 진짜의, 섞인 것 없는, 순박한. unsuspicious: 의심스럽지 않은, 의심치 않은, 의심하지 않는. witticism: 명언, 익살, 재치있는 말, 경구, 비웃음.

Upton Sinclair

37

they%made those products with the wonders of which they pestered him so—by placards that defaced the landscape when he traveled, and by staring advertisements in the newspapers and magazines—by silly little jingles that he could not get out of his mind, and gaudy pictures that lurked for him around every street corner. Here was where they made Brown's Imperial Hams and Bacon, Brown's Dressed Beef, Brown's Excelsior Sausages! Here was the headquarters of Durham's Pure Leaf Lard, of Durham's Breakfast Bacon, Durham's Canned Beef, Potted Ham, Deviled Chicken, Peerless Fertilizer! Entering one of the Durham buildings, they found a number of other visitors waiting; and before long there came a guide, to escort them through the place. They make a great feature of showing strangers through the packing plants, for it is a good advertisement. But Ponas Jokubas whispered maliciously that the visitors did not see any more than the packers wanted them to. They climbed a long series of stairways outside of the building, to the top of its five or six stories. Here was the chute, with its river of hogs, all patiently toiling upward; there was a place for them to rest to cool off, and then through another passageway they went into a room from which there is no returning for hogs. It was a long, narrow room, with a gallery along it for visitors. At the head there was a great iron wheel, about twenty feet in circumference, with rings here and there along its edge. Upon both sides of this wheel there was a narrow space, into which came the hogs at the end of their journey; in the midst of them stood a great burly Negro, bare-armed and bare-chested. He was resting for the moment, for the wheel had stopped while men were cleaning up. In a minute or two, however, it began slowly to revolve, and then the men upon each side of it sprang to work. They had chains which they fastened about the leg of the nearest hog, and the other end of the chain they hooked into one of the rings upon the wheel. So, as the wheel turned, a hog was suddenly jerked off his feet and borne aloft. At the same instant the car was assailed by a most terrifying shriek; the visitors started in alarm, the women turned pale and shrank back. The shriek was followed by another, louder and yet more agonizing— for once started

Korean agonizing: 고민하는, 고민을 주는, 괴롭히는, 괴로워하는. burly: 억센, 강한, 덜렁대는, 몸이. chute: 급류, 폭포, 비탈진 수로, 여울, 활강로, 활강사면로, 낙숫물 도랑, 낙하산으로 강하하다, 풍산 종자, 비막, 낙하산. circumference: 원주, 주위, 주변, 주변의 길이, 경계선, 범위, 영역, 주변의 거리. gaudy: 야한, 값싸고 번지르르한,

교우대회, 번쩍번쩍 빛나는, 화려한, 향연, 지나치게 장식한, 저속한. hooked: 갈고리 모양의, 훅이 달린, 마약 중독의, 고리가 달린, 갈고리 모양으로 구부러진. jerked: 홱 움직이는, 갑자기 말하는, 내뱉듯이 갑자기 말하는, 육포로 만든, 홱 움직이게 하는. maliciously: 심술궂게, 악의있게. passageway: 복도, 통로. resting: 휴면하고 있는, 휴식하고

있는, 증식하지 않고 있는. revolve: 회전하다, 궁리하다, 곰곰이 생각하다, 회전시키다, 순환하다, 공전하다, 오가다, 선회하다, 주기적으로 일어나다, 생각나다, 운행시키다. terrifying: 겁나게 하는, 무서운, 놀라게 하는. upward: 상승하는, 위로 향하는, 이상, 위쪽으로, 위를 향해서, 위로 향한, 위로 향하여, 에서 위쪽으로.

38

The Jungle

upon that journey, the hog never came back; at the top of the wheel he was shunted off upon a trolley, and went sailing down the room. And meantime another was swung up, and then another, and another, until there was a double line of them, each dangling by a foot and kicking in frenzy—and squealing. The uproar was appalling, perilous to the eardrums; one feared there was too much sound for the room to hold—that the walls must give way or the ceiling crack. There were high squeals and low squeals, grunts, and wails of agony; there would come a momentary lull, and then a fresh outburst, louder than ever, surging up to a deafening climax. It was too much for some of the visitors—the men would look at each other, laughing nervously, and the women would stand with hands clenched, and the blood rushing to their faces, and the tears starting in their eyes.% Meantime, heedless of all these things, the men upon the floor were going about their work. Neither squeals of hogs nor tears of visitors made any difference to them; one by one they hooked up the hogs, and one by one with a swift stroke they slit their throats. There was a long line of hogs, with squeals and lifeblood ebbing away together; until at last each started again, and vanished with a splash into a huge vat of boiling water. It was all so very businesslike that one watched it fascinated. It was porkmaking by machinery, porkmaking by applied mathematics. And yet somehow the most matter-of-fact person could not help thinking of the hogs; they were so innocent, they came so very trustingly; and they were so very human in their protests—and so perfectly within their rights! They had done nothing to deserve it; and it was adding insult to injury, as the thing was done here, swinging them up in this cold-blooded, impersonal way, without a pretense of apology, without the homage of a tear. Now and then a visitor wept, to be sure; but this slaughtering machine ran on, visitors or no visitors. It was like some horrible crime committed in a dungeon, all unseen and unheeded, buried out of sight and of memory. One could not stand and watch very long without becoming philosophical, without beginning to deal in symbols and similes, and to hear the hog squeal of

Korean cold-blooded: 잡종의, 추위에 민감한, 냉담한, 냉혈의. dangling: 에게 결과를 알리지 않고 기다리게 하다, 을 애타게 하다. dungeon: 토굴감옥, 지하 감옥, 누각. fascinated: 매혹하는, 노려보는. heedless: 부주의한, 경솔한. homage: 존경, 복종, 신종의 예, 경의. lifeblood: 활력소, 피. lull: 잠잠함, 달래다, 가라앉히다, 진정시키다, 두절, 뜸함, 소강 상태,

어르다, 자다, 잠깐 쉼, 가라앉다. matter-of-fact: 멋없는, 사무적인, 사실의. momentary: 순간의, 찰나의, 순간적인, 시시각각의. outburst: 폭팔, 폭발, 화산 따위의 폭발, 격정 따위의 폭발. perilous: 위험한. slit: 틈, 길게 벤자리, 긴 구멍, 긴 짬, 길다랗게 베인 상처, 째어 발기다, 가느다랗게 찢다, 가느다랗게

찢어지다, 가느다랗게 쪼개다, 가느다랗게 째다, 가느다랗게 베어지다. swung: 흔들거리는, 물결 모양의. trustingly: 믿고, 안심하고, 안심하여, 신용하여. unheeded: 무시된, 돌봐지지않는, 배려되지 않는, 고려되지 않는. unseen: 눈에 보이지 않는, 보이지않는, 본적이없는, 아직 본 일이 없는, 즉석의, 보이지 않는 것.

Upton Sinclair

39

the%universe. Was it permitted to believe that there was nowhere upon the earth, or above the earth, a heaven for hogs, where they were requited for all this suffering? Each one of these hogs was a separate creature. Some were white hogs, some were black; some were brown, some were spotted; some were old, some young; some were long and lean, some were monstrous. And each of them had an individuality of his own, a will of his own, a hope and a heart's desire; each was full of self- confidence, of self-importance, and a sense of dignity. And trusting and strong in faith he had gone about his business, the while a black shadow hung over him and a horrid Fate waited in his pathway. Now suddenly it had swooped upon him, and had seized him by the leg. Relentless, remorseless, it was; all his protests, his screams, were nothing to it— it did its cruel will with him, as if his wishes, his feelings, had simply no existence at all; it cut his throat and watched him gasp out his life. And now was one to believe that there was nowhere a god of hogs, to whom this hog personality was precious, to whom these hog squeals and agonies had a meaning? Who would take this hog into his arms and comfort him, reward him for his work well done, and show him the meaning of his sacrifice? Perhaps some glimpse of all this was in the thoughts of our humble-minded Jurgis, as he turned to go on with the rest of the party, and muttered: "Dieve—but I'm glad I'm not a hog!" The carcass hog was scooped out of the vat by machinery, and then it fell to the second floor, passing on the way through a wonderful machine with numerous scrapers, which adjusted themselves to the size and shape of the animal, and sent it out at the other end with nearly all of its bristles removed. It was then again strung up by machinery, and sent upon another trolley ride; this time passing between two lines of men, who sat upon a raised platform, each doing a certain single thing to the carcass as it came to him. One scraped the outside of a leg; another scraped the inside of the same leg. One with a swift stroke cut the throat; another with two swift strokes severed the head, which fell to the floor and vanished through a hole. Another made a slit down the body; a second opened the body wider; a third with a saw cut the breastbone; a fourth loosened the entrails; a fifth pulled them out— and they also slid through a hole in the floor. There were men to scrape each side and men to scrape the back;

Korean adjusted: 조절되는. breastbone: 가슴뼈. carcass: 짐승의 시체, 형해, 시체, 뼈대. entrails: 내장, 내부. gasp: 헐떡거리다, 숨이 막히다, 헐떡거리며 말하다, 헐떡거림, 숨참, 헐떡임, 열망하다, 숨막힘. individuality: 개성, 특성, 개체, 인격, 개인, 특질, 단일체, 개체성, 개인적 특성.

monstrous: 거대한, 기괴한, 괴물같은, 극악 무도한, 어처구니 없는, 괴이한, 대단히. pathway: 오솔길, 좁은길, 길, 좁은 길. remorseless: 무자비한, 뉘우치지 않는, 무정한, 잔인한, 가차 없는, 냉혹한, 후회없는. sacrifice: 희생타, 희생, 투매하다, 헌신, 싸구려로, 그로 인한 손실, 제물, 희생타로 진루시키다, 희생적 행위, 희생하다, 희생타를 치다.

scrape: 켜다, 긁어 모으다, 문지르다, 문질러 만들다, 푼푼이 모으다, 비벼 스치며 나아가다, 문질러 지다, 긁어모으다, 면도하다, 발을 비비다, 고생. seized: 점유한. self-importance: 자부. trolley: 손수레, 촉륜, 광차, 무궤도 전차, 고가 이동 활차, 트롤리. trusting: 믿는, 사람을 의심하지 않는, 믿고있는, 남을 의심하지 않는.

40

The Jungle

there were men to clean the carcass inside, to trim it and wash it. Looking down this room, one saw, creeping slowly, a line of dangling hogs a hundred yards in length; and for every yard there was a man, working as if a demon were after him. At the end of this hog's progress every inch of the carcass had been gone over several times; and then it was rolled into the chilling room, where it stayed for twenty-four hours, and where a stranger might lose himself in a forest of freezing hogs.% Before the carcass was admitted here, however, it had to pass a government inspector, who sat in the doorway and felt of the glands in the neck for tuberculosis. This government inspector did not have the manner of a man who was worked to death; he was apparently not haunted by a fear that the hog might get by him before he had finished his testing. If you were a sociable person, he was quite willing to enter into conversation with you, and to explain to you the deadly nature of the ptomaines which are found in tubercular pork; and while he was talking with you you could hardly be so ungrateful as to notice that a dozen carcasses were passing him untouched. This inspector wore a blue uniform, with brass buttons, and he gave an atmosphere of authority to the scene, and, as it were, put the stamp of official approval upon the things which were done in Durham's. Jurgis went down the line with the rest of the visitors, staring openmouthed, lost in wonder. He had dressed hogs himself in the forest of Lithuania; but he had never expected to live to see one hog dressed by several hundred men. It was like a wonderful poem to him, and he took it all in guilelessly—even to the conspicuous signs demanding immaculate cleanliness of the employees. Jurgis was vexed when the cynical Jokubas translated these signs with sarcastic comments, offering to take them to the secret rooms where the spoiled meats went to be doctored. The party descended to the next floor, where the various waste materials were treated. Here came the entrails, to be scraped and washed clean for sausage casings; men and women worked here in the midst of a sickening stench, which caused the visitors to hasten by, gasping. To another room came

Korean chilling: 냉담한, 쌀쌀한, 으슬으슬한, 한기가 스미는. cleanliness: 청결, 깨끗함을 좋아함, 명백함, 깨끗한, 결백, 깨끗함. demon: 악마, 귀신, 일에 비범한 사람, 정령, 귀재. hasten: 서두르다, 재촉하다, 서두르게 하다. haunted: 붙은, 고뇌에 시달린, 도깨비가 나오는, 유령이 나오는, 무엇에 흘린.

openmouthed: 욕심 사나운, 시끄러운, 입을 벌린. sarcastic: 풍자적인, 빈정대는말, 풍자, 비꼼, 빈정댐, 말, 비꼬는, 빈정대는. sausage: 소시지, 순대, 소시지형 계류기구, 소시지 모양의 것, 부정한 여자, 독일 사람. sociable: 사교적인, 친목회, 붙임성 있는, 사귀기 쉬운, 사교를 좋아하는, 친목의, 사륜 마차의 일종, 사교에 능한, 간친회.

stench: 악취, 고약한 냄새. tubercular: 결핵성의, 결핵에 걸려있는, 결핵 환자, 결절의, 결절 모양의. tuberculosis: 결핵, 폐결핵. ungrateful: 은혜를 모르는, 애쓴 보람 없는, 일한 보람 없는. untouched: 언급되지 않은, 손대지 않은, 감동되지 않은, 논급되지 않은. vexed: 안절부절 못하는, 곤란한, 마음 아픈, 성난, 머리를 이프게 하는.

Upton Sinclair

41

all%the scraps to be "tanked," which meant boiling and pumping off the grease to make soap and lard; below they took out the refuse, and this, too, was a region in which the visitors did not linger. In still other places men were engaged in cutting up the carcasses that had been through the chilling rooms. First there were the "splitters," the most expert workmen in the plant, who earned as high as fifty cents an hour, and did not a thing all day except chop hogs down the middle. Then there were "cleaver men," great giants with muscles of iron; each had two men to attend him—to slide the half carcass in front of him on the table, and hold it while he chopped it, and then turn each piece so that he might chop it once more. His cleaver had a blade about two feet long, and he never made but one cut; he made it so neatly, too, that his implement did not smite through and dull itself—there was just enough force for a perfect cut, and no more. So through various yawning holes there slipped to the floor below—to one room hams, to another forequarters, to another sides of pork. One might go down to this floor and see the pickling rooms, where the hams were put into vats, and the great smoke rooms, with their airtight iron doors. In other rooms they prepared salt pork—there were whole cellars full of it, built up in great towers to the ceiling. In yet other rooms they were putting up meats in boxes and barrels, and wrapping hams and bacon in oiled paper, sealing and labeling and sewing them. From the doors of these rooms went men with loaded trucks, to the platform where freight cars were waiting to be filled; and one went out there and realized with a start that he had come at last to the ground floor of this enormous building. Then the party went across the street to where they did the killing of beef— where every hour they turned four or five hundred cattle into meat. Unlike the place they had left, all this work was done on one floor; and instead of there being one line of carcasses which moved to the workmen, there were fifteen or twenty lines, and the men moved from one to another of these. This made a scene of intense activity, a picture of human power wonderful to watch. It was all in one great room, like a circus amphitheater, with a gallery for visitors running over the center.

Korean airtight: 철통같은, 기밀의, 몰샐 틈 돼지기름을바르다, 이야기 따위를 없는, 공기를 통하지 않는, 밀폐된. 윤색하다, 윤색하다, 라드, 돼지 비계 amphitheater: 원형 극장, 원형극장, 혹은 베이컨 조각을 끼워 넣다, 고기 계단식관람석, 계단식 관람석, 계단 따위에 돼지 비계 혹은 베이컨 조각을 교실, 계단식교실. 끼워 넣다, 문장 따위를 윤색하다. chopped: 개조한. linger: 어정거리다, 질질 끌다, 오래 cleaver: 쪼개는 것, 고기 베는 큰 칼, 머물다, 나중에까지 남다, 고기 써는 식칼, 가르는 사람, 쪼개는 꾸물거리다, 쉬이 사라지지않다, 사람, 가르는 것. 우물쭈물 보내다, 질질 끌게 하다, hams: 햄 샌드위치. 우물쭈물하다, 떠나기를 망설이다. lard: 돼지기름을 바르다, 돼지기름, sealing: 봉인, 봉인함, 날인, 날인함,

물개잡이. sewing: 재봉, 바느질감, 바느질실, 재봉의. smite: 괴롭히다, 치밀다, 죽이다, 매혹하다, 덮치다, 때리다, 강타하다, 시도, 강타, 때림, 세게 때리다. wrapping: 포장, 쌈의, 실내복, 쌈. yawning: 하품하고 있는, 지루한, 지루한 기색이 보이는, 입을 크게 벌린, 피로한 기색이 보이는, 하품을 하고 있는.

42

The Jungle

Along one side of the room ran a narrow gallery, a few feet from the floor; into which gallery the cattle were driven by men with goads which gave them electric shocks. Once crowded in here, the creatures were prisoned, each in a separate pen, by gates that shut, leaving them no room to turn around; and while they stood bellowing and plunging, over the top of the pen there leaned one of the "knockers," armed with a sledge hammer, and watching for a chance to deal a blow. The room echoed with the thuds in quick succession, and the stamping and kicking of the steers. The instant the animal had fallen, the "knocker" passed on to another; while a second man raised a lever, and the side of the pen was raised, and the animal, still kicking and struggling, slid out to the "killing bed." Here a man put shackles about one leg, and pressed another lever, and the body was jerked up into the air. There were fifteen or twenty such pens, and it was a matter of only a couple of minutes to knock fifteen or twenty cattle and roll them out. Then once more the gates were opened, and another lot rushed in; and so out of each pen there rolled a steady stream of carcasses, which the men upon the killing beds had to get out of the way.% The manner in which they did this was something to be seen and never forgotten. They worked with furious intensity, literally upon the run— at a pace with which there is nothing to be compared except a football game. It was all highly specialized labor, each man having his task to do; generally this would consist of only two or three specific cuts, and he would pass down the line of fifteen or twenty carcasses, making these cuts upon each. First there came the "butcher," to bleed them; this meant one swift stroke, so swift that you could not see it—only the flash of the knife; and before you could realize it, the man had darted on to the next line, and a stream of bright red was pouring out upon the floor. This floor was half an inch deep with blood, in spite of the best efforts of men who kept shoveling it through holes; it must have made the floor slippery, but no one could have guessed this by watching the men at work. The carcass hung for a few minutes to bleed; there was no time lost, however, for there were several hanging in each line, and one was always ready. It was let down to the ground, and there came the "headsman," whose task it was to sever

Korean bleed: 출혈하다, 피흘리다, 인쇄된 번득이다, 방류수, 빛나다, 획 부분까지도 자른 사진, 돈을 지나가다, 홱 나오다, 순가, 가짜의. 우려내다-찍힌 부분까지도 자른사진, hammer: 해머, 망치, 연달아 때리다, 슬퍼하다-피를 뽑다, 화상물림 망치로 두드리다, 두들겨넣다, 재단을 하다, 피를 흘리다, 피를 뽑다, 나무망치, 부지런히 일하다, 큰돈을 지불하다, 출혈시키다, 찍힌 공이치기, 애써서 생각해 내다, 부분까지도 자른사진. 쇠망치, 생각해 내다. crowded: 붐비는, 혼잡한, 만원의, intensity: 강도, 강렬, 세기, 엄함, 파란 만장의, 다사다난한, 붐비다, 명암, 격렬, 강렬함, 효력, 맹렬. 장소가 가득 차서, 가득 차서. lever: 지렛대, 수단, 지레로 비틀어 flash: 플래시, 섬광, 허식, 번득임, 열다, 지레로 움직이다, 지레를 쓰다,

목적 달성의 수단, 지레. plunging: 내려쏘는, 뛰어드는. sever: 떨어지다, 절단하다, 단절하다, 가르다, 끊다, 떼어놓다, 자르다, 끊어지다. shackles: 족쇄. sledge: 썰매로 가다, 썰매로 운반하다, 썰매를 타다, 썰매, 큰 망치, 작은 썰매, 큰 쇠망치, 큰 쇠망치로 치다, 큰 해머. specialized: 분화된, 전문의.

Upton Sinclair

43

the head, with two or three swift strokes. Then came the "floorsman," to make the first cut in the skin; and then another to finish ripping the skin down the center; and then half a dozen more in swift succession, to finish the skinning. After they were through, the carcass was again swung up; and while a man with a stick examined the skin, to make sure that it had not been cut, and another rolled it tip and tumbled it through one of the inevitable holes in the floor, the beef proceeded on its journey. There were men to cut it, and men to split it, and men to gut it and scrape it clean inside. There were some with hose which threw jets of boiling water upon it, and others who removed the feet and added the final touches. In the end, as with the hogs, the finished beef was run into the chilling room, to hang its appointed time.% The visitors were taken there and shown them, all neatly hung in rows, labeled conspicuously with the tags of the government inspectors—and some, which had been killed by a special process, marked with the sign of the kosher rabbi, certifying that it was fit for sale to the orthodox. And then the visitors were taken to the other parts of the building, to see what became of each particle of the waste material that had vanished through the floor; and to the pickling rooms, and the salting rooms, the canning rooms, and the packing rooms, where choice meat was prepared for shipping in refrigerator cars, destined to be eaten in all the four corners of civilization. Afterward they went outside, wandering about among the mazes of buildings in which was done the work auxiliary to this great industry. There was scarcely a thing needed in the business that Durham and Company did not make for themselves. There was a great steam power plant and an electricity plant. There was a barrel factory, and a boilerrepair shop. There was a building to which the grease was piped, and made into soap and lard; and then there was a factory for making lard cans, and another for making soap boxes. There was a building in which the bristles were cleaned and dried, for the making of hair cushions and such things; there was a building where the skins were dried and tanned, there was another where heads and feet were made into glue, and another where bones were made into fertilizer. No tiniest particle of organic matter was wasted in Durham's. Out of the horns of the cattle they made combs, buttons, hairpins, and imitation ivory; out of the

Korean auxiliary: 보조의, 조동사, 외인 부대, 추가의-보조사, 예비의, 보조사, 추가의, 보조자, 보조함, 원군. destined: 예정된, 운명지어진, 향하는. dried: 건조한. fertilizer: 비료. glue: 아교, 아풀로 붙이다, 아교의, 딱 붙어서 떨어지지 않다, 아교로 붙이다. grease: 그리스, 기름, 뇌물, 에 증회하다, 에 기름을 바르다, 지방,

유지, 에기름을 바르다, 수지, 에 기름을 치다. horns: 어느 한 쪽. hose: 호스, 긴 양말을 신기하다, 긴양말, 호스로 물을 끼얹다, 긴 양말, 긴 바지, 에 호스로 물을 뿌리다. kosher: 순수한, 정결한, 규정에 맞는, 정당한, 규정에 따라 요리하다, 좋은, 정결한 요리, 정결한 식품, 정식의, 적법한. rabbi: 선생, 율법학자, 랍비, 직업적인

유대교 지도자, 랍비선생, 유대의 율법 박사의 존칭, 율법박사. refrigerator: 냉장고, 증기응결기, 냉각장치, 냉동기, 냉장기, 빙실. ripping: 멋지게, 멋진, 훌륭하게, 훌륭한. salting: 소금기가 있는, 짭잘한, 바닷물이 드나드는 늪지, 소금의 적용, 소금의 사용. tanned: 무두질한, 햇볏에 탄. wasted: 황폐한, 살해된, 지나간.

44

The Jungle

shinbones and other %big bones they cut knife and toothbrush handles, and mouthpieces for pipes; out of the hoofs they cut hairpins and buttons, before they made the rest into glue. From such things as feet, knuckles, hide clippings, and sinews came such strange and unlikely products as gelatin, isinglass, and phosphorus, bone black, shoe blacking, and bone oil. They had curled-hair works for the cattle tails, and a "wool pullery" for the sheepskins; they made pepsin from the stomachs of the pigs, and albumen from the blood, and violin strings from the ill-smelling entrails. When there was nothing else to be done with a thing, they first put it into a tank and got out of it all the tallow and grease, and then they made it into fertilizer. All these industries were gathered into buildings near by, connected by galleries and railroads with the main establishment; and it was estimated that they had handled nearly a quarter of a billion of animals since the founding of the plant by the elder Durham a generation and more ago. If you counted with it the other big plants—and they were now really all one—it was, so Jokubas informed them, the greatest aggregation of labor and capital ever gathered in one place. It employed thirty thousand men; it suppported directly two hundred and fifty thousand people in its neighborhood, and indirectly it supported half a million. It sent its products to every country in the civilized world, and it furnished the food for no less than thirty million people! To all of these things our friends would listen openmouthed—it seemed to them impossible of belief that anything so stupendous could have been devised by mortal man. That was why to Jurgis it seemed almost profanity to speak about the place as did Jokubas, skeptically; it was a thing as tremendous as the universe—the laws and ways of its working no more than the universe to be questioned or understood. All that a mere man could do, it seemed to Jurgis, was to take a thing like this as he found it, and do as he was told; to be given a place in it and a share in its wonderful activities was a blessing to be grateful for, as one was grateful for the sunshine and the rain. Jurgis was even glad that he had not seen the place before meeting with his triumph, for he felt that the size of it would have overwhelmed him. But now he had been admitted—he was a part of it all! He had the feeling that this whole huge establishment had taken him

Korean aggregation: 집합체, 집합, 집성, 집단. albumen: 흰자위, 단백질, 배유, 횐자위. blacking: 구두약, 흑색 도료, 흑색도료, 검게 닦음, 검게 함. civilized: 교화된, 예의바른, 교양이 높은, 문명화한, 개명한, 품위있는, 예의 바른. gelatin: 젤라틴, 강풀. indirectly: 간접적 행동, 간접적으로. isinglass: 부레풀, 운모.

knuckles: 지관절부, 주먹의 지관절부. mortal: 치명적인, 인간의, 인간, 불치의, 길고 긴, 생각할 수 있는, 지루한, 죽어야 할, 죽어야 할 것, 사람, 가능한-죽어야 할 것. pepsin: 펩신, 소화제, 소화소, 펩신제. phosphorus: 인. pipes: 기관. profanity: 모독적인 언행, 모독, 불경, 신성을 더럽히기, 신성을 더럽히는 행동, 신성을 더럽히는 언사.

skeptically: 믿지않아, 의심많아, 회의적으로. stupendous: 굉장한, 엄청난, 깜짝 놀랄 만한. tails: 뒷면이 나온, 뒷면이 나와서. tallow: 짐승 기름, 수지 양초, 수지가 생기다, 수지를 바르다, 살찌게 하다, 수지, 짐승기름. toothbrush: 칫솔. violin: 바이올린, 바이올린 연주자, 현악기.

Upton Sinclair

45

under its protection, and had become responsible for his welfare. So guileless was %he, and ignorant of the nature of business, that he did not even realize that he had become an employee of Brown's, and that Brown and Durham were supposed by all the world to be deadly rivals—were even required to be deadly rivals by the law of the land, and ordered to try to ruin each other under penalty of fine and imprisonment!

Korean deadly: 치명적인, 심한, 몹시, 죽음 같은, 주검처럼, 용서 할수 없는, 용서 할수 없는-주검처럼, 죽음과 같은, 죽은 사람과 같은, 매우 효과적인, 살려둘 수 없는. employee: 종업원, 고용인, 피고용인. fine: 훌륭한, 섬세한, 예리한, 미세한, 맑게 갠, 고운, 순도가 높은, 가는, 아름다운, 품위있는 고상한, 우수한. guileless: 정직한, 교활하자 않은, 교활하지 않은, 간계가 없는.

ignorant: 무식한, 을 모르는, 무지몽매한, 무지에서 비롯되는, 무지한. imprisonment: 투옥, 감금, 구금, 속박, 금고, 유폐. ordered: 정연한, 질서 바른, 정돈된. penalty: 형벌, 페널티, 벌, 벌금, 불리, 불리한 점, 상태에 따르는 불리, 상태에 따르는 불리한 점, 인과응보, 패널티, 핸디캡. protection: 보호, 보호하는 사람, 보호

무역, 여권, 방어, 보증금, 보호 무역 제도, 보호하는 것, 폭력단에 지불하는 보증금, 통행권. realize: 실현하다, 깨닫다, 현금으로 바꾸다, 실감하다, 돈으로 바꾸다, 실행하다, 돈이 되다, 여실히 보여주다, 에 팔리다, 이해하다, 얻다. required: 필수의. supposed: 상상된, 가정의, 소문난. welfare: 복지, 행복, 후생, 복지 사업, 생활 보호, 복리.

46

The Jungle

CHAPTER

%4

Promptly at seven the next morning Jurgis reported for work. He came to the door that had been pointed out to him, and there he waited for nearly two hours. The boss had meant for him to enter, but had not said this, and so it was only when on his way out to hire another man that he came upon Jurgis. He gave him a good cursing, but as Jurgis did not understand a word of it he did not object. He followed the boss, who showed him where to put his street clothes, and waited while he donned the working clothes he had bought in a secondhand shop and brought with him in a bundle; then he led him to the "killing beds." The work which Jurgis was to do here was very simple, and it took him but a few minutes to learn it. He was provided with a stiff besom, such as is used by street sweepers, and it was his place to follow down the line the man who drew out the smoking entrails from the carcass of the steer; this mass was to be swept into a trap, which was then closed, so that no one might slip into it. As Jurgis came in, the first cattle of the morning were just making their appearance; and so, with scarcely time to look about him, and none to speak to any one, he fell to work. It was a sweltering day in July, and the place ran with steaming hot blood—one waded in it on the floor. The stench was almost overpowering, but to Jurgis it was nothing. His whole soul was dancing with joy—he was at work at last! He was at work and earning money! All day long he was figuring to himself. He was paid the fabulous sum of seventeen and a half cents an hour; and as it

Korean besom: 마당비, 금작화, 닳고닳은 여자, 마당비로 쓸다, 대나무비. bundle: 꾸러미, 다발, 다발지어 묶다, 묶음, 덩어리, 관속, 거금. earning: 소득, 수입, 벌이. fabulous: 전설적인, 믿어지지 않는, 전설상의, 굉장한, 매우 훌륭한, 비사실적인, 우화적인, 믿기 어려운, 터무니 없는, 거짓말 같은. hire: 임차료, 고용되다, 세내다, 고용하다, 세놓다, 임대료, 사용료,

임차하다, 임차, 임대하다. 나는. overpowering: 압도적인, 저항할 수 steer: 키를 잡다, 조언, 향하다, 없는. 나아가다, 어린수소, 충고, 조종하다, scarcely: 겨우, 거의, 이 아니다, 하지 인도하다, 에 관계하지 않다, 않는 일은 좀처럼 없다, 간신히. 식육용의 불깐 소, 돌리다. seventeen: 열일곱 명, 십칠의 기호, stiff: 시체, 딱딱한, 빡빡한, 독한, 십칠의, 열일곱 개, 십칠세의, 십칠세, 강세의, 완고한, 뻣뻣한, 되게 반죽된, 십칠. 딱딱한사람, 잘움직이지 않는, 경직한 smoking: 발연, 흡연, 냄, 끽연, 담배를 팽팽한. 피우는, 발한, 흡연 연기 나는, sweltering: 무더운, 찌는 듯한, 그을림, 연기 남, 담배 피우는, 김 찌는듯이 더운, 더위에 지친.

Upton Sinclair

47

proved %a rush day and he worked until nearly seven o'clock in the evening, he went home to the family with the tidings that he had earned more than a dollar and a half in a single day! At home, also, there was more good news; so much of it at once that there was quite a celebration in Aniele's hall bedroom. Jonas had been to have an interview with the special policeman to whom Szedvilas had introduced him, and had been taken to see several of the bosses, with the result that one had promised him a job the beginning of the next week. And then there was Marija Berczynskas, who, fired with jealousy by the success of Jurgis, had set out upon her own responsibility to get a place. Marija had nothing to take with her save her two brawny arms and the word "job," laboriously learned; but with these she had marched about Packingtown all day, entering every door where there were signs of activity. Out of some she had been ordered with curses; but Marija was not afraid of man or devil, and asked every one she saw—visitors and strangers, or workpeople like herself, and once or twice even high and lofty office personages, who stared at her as if they thought she was crazy. In the end, however, she had reaped her reward. In one of the smaller plants she had stumbled upon a room where scores of women and girls were sitting at long tables preparing smoked beef in cans; and wandering through room after room, Marija came at last to the place where the sealed cans were being painted and labeled, and here she had the good fortune to encounter the "forelady." Marija did not understand then, as she was destined to understand later, what there was attractive to a "forelady" about the combination of a face full of boundless good nature and the muscles of a dray horse; but the woman had told her to come the next day and she would perhaps give her a chance to learn the trade of painting cans. The painting of cans being skilled piecework, and paying as much as two dollars a day, Marija burst in upon the family with the yell of a Comanche Indian, and fell to capering about the room so as to frighten the baby almost into convulsions. Better luck than all this could hardly have been hoped for; there was only one of them left to seek a place. Jurgis was determined that Teta Elzbieta should stay

Korean boundless: 한없는, 무한한. celebration: 축하, 축전, 찬양, 의식, 식, 성찬식, 칭찬. convulsions: 경련, 웃음의 발작. devil: 악마, 악인, 하청일을 하다, 짓찢다, 괴롭히다, 고기에 후추를 발라 굽다, 비상한 정력가, 비상한 정력가-고기에 후추를 발라 굽다, 괴상한 우상, 지독한, 제기랄. dollar: 달러, 오실링 은화, 불, 금전. dray: 화물자동차, 큰짐마차, 큰

짐마차. frighten: 겁내다, 놀라다, 소스라쳐 놀라게 하다, 놀라게하다, 무서워하다, 을러대어 ~을시키다. jealousy: 경계심, 샘, 질투, 시기, 빈틈 없는 배려. lofty: 거만한, 고상한, 당당한, 치속은, 대단히 높은, 숭고한, 거드럭거리는, 매우 높은. policeman: 경관, 순경. sealed: 봉인한, 도장을 찍은.

skilled: 숙련된, 기술이 좋은, 숙련이 필요한, 솜씨를 요하는, 숙련을 요하는, 특수 기술을 요하는. smoked: 훈제의, 유연으로 그을린, 그을린, 훈제한. tidings: 소식, 통지, 사건, 기별. wandering: 만유, 헛소리, 헤매는, 어슬렁어슬렁 걷기, 옆길로새는, 두서없는, 방랑, 산책, 꾸불꾸불한, 돌아다니는, 방랑하여. workpeople: 노동자들, 직공들.

48

The Jungle

at home to keep house, and that Ona should help her. He would not have Ona working—he was not that sort of a man, he said, and she was not that sort of a woman. It would be a strange thing if a man like him could not support the family, with the help of the board of Jonas and Marija. He would not even hear of letting the children go to work—there were schools here in America for children, Jurgis had heard, to which they could go for nothing. That the priest would object to these schools was something of which he had as yet no idea, and for the present his mind was made up that the children of Teta Elzbieta should have as fair a chance as any other children. The oldest of them, little Stanislovas, was but thirteen, and small for his age at that; and while the oldest son of Szedvilas was only twelve, and had worked for over a year at Jones's, Jurgis would have it that Stanislovas should learn to speak English, and grow up to be a skilled man.% So there was only old Dede Antanas; Jurgis would have had him rest too, but he was forced to acknowledge that this was not possible, and, besides, the old man would not hear it spoken of—it was his whim to insist that he was as lively as any boy. He had come to America as full of hope as the best of them; and now he was the chief problem that worried his son. For every one that Jurgis spoke to assured him that it was a waste of time to seek employment for the old man in Packingtown. Szedvilas told him that the packers did not even keep the men who had grown old in their own service—to say nothing of taking on new ones. And not only was it the rule here, it was the rule everywhere in America, so far as he knew. To satisfy Jurgis he had asked the policeman, and brought back the message that the thing was not to be thought of. They had not told this to old Anthony, who had consequently spent the two days wandering about from one part of the yards to another, and had now come home to hear about the triumph of the others, smiling bravely and saying that it would be his turn another day. Their good luck, they felt, had given them the right to think about a home; and sitting out on the doorstep that summer evening, they held consultation about it, and Jurgis took occasion to broach a weighty subject. Passing down the avenue to work that morning he had seen two boys leaving an advertisement

Korean acknowledge: 받았음을 알리다, 꾀다, 고기 굽는 꼬챙이, 교회의첨탑, 승인하다, 인정하다, 감사하다, 말을 처음 꺼내다, 첨탑. 사례하다, 알아 차렸음을 알리다, doorstep: 현관계단, 현관의 층층대. 확인하다. insist: 주장하다, 우기다, 강요하다, avenue: 가로수 길, 큰거리, 가로, 고집하다, 억지로 하게 하다, 수단, 두 줄로 늘어선 가로수, 방법, 역설하다, 끝까지 우기다, 강력히 큰 가로, 현관에 이르는 통로, 주장하다. 접근수단. lively: 명랑한, 쾌할한, 선명한, bravely: 용감하게, 화려하게. 활기있는, 잘 튀는, 활발하게, broach: 꼬챙이, 꺼내다, 꼬치, 실감을주는, 실감을 주는, 힘차게, 공표하다, 송곳, 입을 열다, 꼬챙이에 기운찬, 곡 따위 명랑한.

smiling: 방긋거림, 미소, 은혜, 냉소. triumph: 성공하다, 이기다, 승리, 개선식, 승리감, 승리를 기뻐하다, 승리를 자랑하다, 대성공, 승리의 기쁨, 정복, 공적. weighty: 중요한, 무거운, 유력한, 답답하게 내리누르는, 무게를 가진, 중대한, 견딜 수 없는, 남을 수긍케 하는 힘이 있는, 무게 있는, 비중이 큰 세력 있는, 무게있는. whim: 변덕, 일시적 기분, 권상기.

Upton Sinclair

49

from house to house; and seeing that there were pictures upon it, Jurgis had asked for one, and had rolled it up and tucked it into his shirt. At noontime a man with whom he had been talking had read it to him and told him a little about it, with the result that Jurgis had conceived a wild idea.% He brought out the placard, which was quite a work of art. It was nearly two feet long, printed on calendered paper, with a selection of colors so bright that they shone even in the moonlight. The center of the placard was occupied by a house, brilliantly painted, new, and dazzling. The roof of it was of a purple hue, and trimmed with gold; the house itself was silvery, and the doors and windows red. It was a two-story building, with a porch in front, and a very fancy scrollwork around the edges; it was complete in every tiniest detail, even the doorknob, and there was a hammock on the porch and white lace curtains in the windows. Underneath this, in one corner, was a picture of a husband and wife in loving embrace; in the opposite corner was a cradle, with fluffy curtains drawn over it, and a smiling cherub hovering upon silver-colored wings. For fear that the significance of all this should be lost, there was a label, in Polish, Lithuanian, and German—"Dom. Namai. Heim." "Why pay rent?" the linguistic circular went on to demand. "Why not own your own home? Do you know that you can buy one for less than your rent? We have built thousands of homes which are now occupied by happy families."—So it became eloquent, picturing the blissfulness of married life in a house with nothing to pay. It even quoted "Home, Sweet Home," and made bold to translate it into Polish—though for some reason it omitted the Lithuanian of this. Perhaps the translator found it a difficult matter to be sentimental in a language in which a sob is known as a gukcziojimas and a smile as a nusiszypsojimas. Over this document the family pored long, while Ona spelled out its contents. It appeared that this house contained four rooms, besides a basement, and that it might be bought for fifteen hundred dollars, the lot and all. Of this, only three hundred dollars had to be paid down, the balance being paid at the rate of twelve dollars a month. These were frightful sums, but then they were in America, where people talked about such without fear. They had learned that

Korean basement: 지계, 지하실, 지하, 최하부. brilliantly: 훌륭히, 찬연히, 번쩍번쩍, 찬한히, 빈들빈들하게, 재기가 넘쳐. cherub: 토실토실한 귀여운 아기, 아기 천사의 그림, 게루빔, 케루빔, 귀여운, 날개있는 천동그림, 동안인 사람, 아름답고 천진한 사람, 지품천사, 귀여운 아이. cradle: 요람, 발상지, 낫에 덧대는 틀, 선광기, 요람에 넣다, 흔들어 어르다, 어린시절, 어린이 침대, 요람모양의

받침대, 선광대, 애무하다. eloquent: 표정이 풍부한, 웅변의, 을 잘 나타내는. fluffy: 괴깔의, 푸한, 보풀의, 모호한, 술에 취하여 비틀거리는. hammock: 해먹. hovering: 공중 정지, 호버링. hue: 색조, 빛깔, 색상, 고함, 외침소리, 비난의 소리, 색채, 고함소리, 특색. noontime: 정오, 정오의. placard: 플래카드, 광고하다, 벽보,

삐라, 게시하다, 포스터, 에 전단을 붙이다. scrollwork: 소용돌이 장식, 당초 무늬. sentimental: 감상적인, 감정의, 다감한, 감정적인, 감정에 바탕을 둔. silvery: 은빛의, 은과 같은, 은을 함유한, 은 같은, 은의, 은방울을 굴리는 듯한. translator: 역자, 수리인, 번역자, 자동 중계기, 통역, 번역 루틴, 자동중계기, 번역루틴.

50

The Jungle

they would have to pay a rent of nine dollars a month for a flat, and there was no way of doing better, unless the family of twelve was to exist in one or two rooms, as at present. If they paid rent, of course, they might pay forever, and be no better off; whereas, if they could only meet the extra expense in the beginning, there would at last come a time when they would not have any rent to pay for the rest of their lives.% They figured it up. There was a little left of the money belonging to Teta Elzbieta, and there was a little left to Jurgis. Marija had about fifty dollars pinned up somewhere in her stockings, and Grandfather Anthony had part of the money he had gotten for his farm. If they all combined, they would have enough to make the first payment; and if they had employment, so that they could be sure of the future, it might really prove the best plan. It was, of course, not a thing even to be talked of lightly; it was a thing they would have to sift to the bottom. And yet, on the other hand, if they were going to make the venture, the sooner they did it the better, for were they not paying rent all the time, and living in a most horrible way besides? Jurgis was used to dirt—there was nothing could scare a man who had been with a railroad gang, where one could gather up the fleas off the floor of the sleeping room by the handful. But that sort of thing would not do for Ona. They must have a better place of some sort soon—Jurgis said it with all the assurance of a man who had just made a dollar and fifty-seven cents in a single day. Jurgis was at a loss to understand why, with wages as they were, so many of the people of this district should live the way they did. The next day Marija went to see her "forelady," and was told to report the first of the week, and learn the business of can-painter. Marija went home, singing out loud all the way, and was just in time to join Ona and her stepmother as they were setting out to go and make inquiry concerning the house. That evening the three made their report to the men—the thing was altogether as represented in the circular, or at any rate so the agent had said. The houses lay to the south, about a mile and a half from the yards; they were wonderful bargains, the gentleman had assured them— personally, and for their

Korean assurance: 보증, 확신, 자신, 철면피, 침착, 보험. belonging: 소지품, 성질, 재산, 재능, 친척, 친숙함, 친밀감, 친밀, 부속물, 귀속 의식, 귀속. circular: 원형의, 회람의, 순회의, 순환성의, 에두른, 원의, 회보, 안내장, 간접적인, 고리 모양의, 고리모양의. forever: 영원히, 언제나, 끊임없이, 영구히, 영원, 항상, 장황히.

gather: 채집하다, 모으다, 개더, 집어먹다, 으르다, 놀람, 깜짝 놀라는 거두어들이기, 긴장시키다, 증가하다, 일, 겁, 놀라게 하여 쫓아버리다, 내다, 찌푸리다, 짜내다, 수금, 소동, 위협하다, 겁내다. 추측하다. sift: 체질하다, 새어들다, 체를 빠져 handful: 한웅큼, 한 손 가득, 소량, 한 떨어지다, 정사하다, 받다, 선별하다, 움큼, 한줌의 양, 힘에 겨운 일. 엄밀히 조사하다, 을 엄밀히 loud: 큰소리로, 화려한, 떠들썩한, 조사하다, 체로 치다, 뿌리다. 극성스러운, 소리가 큰, 주제넘는, singing: 노래하기, 노래, 노래하는, 불쾌히, 좀 지나치게 화려한, 높은, 지저귐, 귀울림, 노래부름, 명음. 야비한, 야하게. sooner: 선구적 이주자, 선구이주민, scare: 겁냄, 깜짝 놀라게 하다, 겁을 선수치는 사람.

Upton Sinclair

51

own good. He could do this, so he explained to them, for the reason that he had himself no interest in their sale— he was merely the agent for a company that had built them. These were the last, and the company was going out of business, so if any one wished to take advantage of this wonderful no-rent plan, he would have to be very quick. As a matter of fact there was just a little uncertainty as to whether there was a single house left; for the agent had taken so many people to see them, and for all he knew the company might have parted with the last. Seeing Teta Elzbieta's evident grief at this news, he added, after some hesitation, that if they really intended to make a purchase, he would send a telephone message at his own expense, and have one of the houses kept. So it had finally been arranged—and they were to go and make an inspection the following Sunday morning.% That was Thursday; and all the rest of the week the killing gang at Brown's worked at full pressure, and Jurgis cleared a dollar seventy- five every day. That was at the rate of ten and one-half dollars a week, or forty-five a month. Jurgis was not able to figure, except it was a very simple sum, but Ona was like lightning at such things, and she worked out the problem for the family. Marija and Jonas were each to pay sixteen dollars a month board, and the old man insisted that he could do the same as soon as he got a place—which might be any day now. That would make ninety-three dollars. Then Marija and Jonas were between them to take a third share in the house, which would leave only eight dollars a month for Jurgis to contribute to the payment. So they would have eighty-five dollars a month—or, supposing that Dede Antanas did not get work at once, seventy dollars a month—which ought surely to be sufficient for the support of a family of twelve. An hour before the time on Sunday morning the entire party set out. They had the address written on a piece of paper, which they showed to some one now and then. It proved to be a long mile and a half, but they walked it, and half an hour or so later the agent put in an appearance. He was a smooth and florid personage, elegantly dressed, and he spoke their language freely, which gave him a great advantage in dealing with them. He escorted them to the house,

Korean contribute: 기고하다, 기부하다, 이바지하다, 기여하다, 기부를 하다, 주다, 의 한 도움이 되다, 기증하다, 공헌하다, 의 한 원인이 되다. elegantly: 고상한, 우아한. evident: 명백한, 뚜렷한, 분명히 나타난, 분명한. florid: 화려한, 혈색이 좋은, 불그레한, 현란한, 불그스름한. freely: 아낌없이, 마음대로, 인심 후하게, 자유로이, 자유롭게,

허물없이. grief: 재난, 실패하다, 비탄, 불운, 깊은 슬픔, 고통. hesitation: 주저, 망설임. inspection: 시찰, 검열, 사열, 감찰, 검열하다, 점검열람, 정밀검사, 조사하다. killing: 큰 벌이, 죽이는, 도살, 뇌쇄적인, 사냥에서 잡은 것, 힘겨운, 죽이는 일, 우스워 죽일 지경인, 살해, 우스워서 견딜 수 없는, 죽을 것 같은.

lightning: 번개, 전광, 번개와 같은, 번개의. parted: 나뉜, 부분으로 나뉜, 흐트러진, 갈라진. sixteen: 십육세, 십육의, 열여섯, 열여섯 개, 십육세의. supposing: 이라면, 만약. uncertainty: 불명, 불안정, 미덥지 않은 일, 반신반의, 의문, 불확정, 부정, 불확실한 일, 불확실, 불확실한 것, 불확실성.

52

The Jungle

which was one of a long row of the typical frame dwellings of the neighborhood, where architecture is a luxury that is dispensed with. Ona's heart sank, for the house was not as it was shown in the picture; the color scheme was different, for one thing, and then it did not seem quite so big. Still, it was freshly painted, and made a considerable show. It was all brand-new, so the agent told them, but he talked so incessantly that they were quite confused, and did not have time to ask many questions. There were all sorts of things they had made up their minds to inquire about, but when the time came, they either forgot them or lacked the courage. The other houses in the row did not seem to be new, and few of them seemed to be occupied. When they ventured to hint at this, the agent's reply was that the purchasers would be moving in shortly. To press the matter would have seemed to be doubting his word, and never in their lives had any one of them ever spoken to a person of the class called "gentleman" except with deference and humility.% The house had a basement, about two feet below the street line, and a single story, about six feet above it, reached by a flight of steps. In addition there was an attic, made by the peak of the roof, and having one small window in each end. The street in front of the house was unpaved and unlighted, and the view from it consisted of a few exactly similar houses, scattered here and there upon lots grown up with dingy brown weeds. The house inside contained four rooms, plastered white; the basement was but a frame, the walls being unplastered and the floor not laid. The agent explained that the houses were built that way, as the purchasers generally preferred to finish the basements to suit their own taste. The attic was also unfinished—the family had been figuring that in case of an emergency they could rent this attic, but they found that there was not even a floor, nothing but joists, and beneath them the lath and plaster of the ceiling below. All of this, however, did not chill their ardor as much as might have been expected, because of the volubility of the agent. There was no end to the advantages of the house, as he set them forth, and he was not silent for an instant; he showed them everything, down to the locks on the doors and the catches on the windows, and how to work them. He showed them the sink in the kitchen, with running water and a faucet, something which Teta Elzbieta had

Korean ardor: 열심, 열정, 열의. attic: 다락방, 아테네풍의, 고전풍의, 고미다락, 더그매 두 고미 다락, 더그매 두 고미 다락방, 애틱. chill: 오한, 냉기, 차가운, 한기, 춥게 하다, 냉담한, 냉장하다, 냉랭한, 풀죽음, 추위에 떨고 있는, 냉담. courage: 용기, 담력, 용감, 배짱. deference: 복종, 경의. doubting: 의혹을 품고 있는, 불안한. faucet: 고동, 수도꼭지, 물꼭지.

freshly: 새로이, 신선하게. incessantly: 끊임없는, 간단 없이, 끊임 없이. inquire: 문의하다, 묻다, 조사하다, 질문하다. lath: 욋가지, 읫가지, 읫가지를 대다. luxury: 사치, 사치품, 쾌락, 호화, 비싼 물건, 유쾌함. plaster: 회반죽, 반창고, 고약을 붙이다, 석고, 온통 발라 붙이고, 고약-회반죽을 바르다, 고약처럼

처바르다, 석고 분말을 혼화하다, 의 치료비를 내다, 포도주에 석고 분말을 혼화하다, 처바르다. scattered: 뿔뿔이 흩어진, 산발적인, 산만한, 산재해 있는, 드문드문 있는. unlighted: 불을 켜지 않은. unpaved: 돌을 깔지 않은, 포석을 깔지 않은, 포장 되지 않은, 포장되지 않은. volubility: 유창, 회전성, 휘감는 습성, 구르기 쉬움, 다변, 수다.

Upton Sinclair

53

never in her wildest dreams hoped to possess. After a discovery such as that it would have seemed ungrateful to find any fault, and so they tried to shut their eyes to other defects.% Still, they were peasant people, and they hung on to their money by instinct; it was quite in vain that the agent hinted at promptness— they would see, they would see, they told him, they could not decide until they had had more time. And so they went home again, and all day and evening there was figuring and debating. It was an agony to them to have to make up their minds in a matter such as this. They never could agree all together; there were so many arguments upon each side, and one would be obstinate, and no sooner would the rest have convinced him than it would transpire that his arguments had caused another to waver. Once, in the evening, when they were all in harmony, and the house was as good as bought, Szedvilas came in and upset them again. Szedvilas had no use for property owning. He told them cruel stories of people who had been done to death in this "buying a home" swindle. They would be almost sure to get into a tight place and lose all their money; and there was no end of expense that one could never foresee; and the house might be good-for- nothing from top to bottom—how was a poor man to know? Then, too, they would swindle you with the contract—and how was a poor man to understand anything about a contract? It was all nothing but robbery, and there was no safety but in keeping out of it. And pay rent? asked Jurgis. Ah, yes, to be sure, the other answered, that too was robbery. It was all robbery, for a poor man. After half an hour of such depressing conversation, they had their minds quite made up that they had been saved at the brink of a precipice; but then Szedvilas went away, and Jonas, who was a sharp little man, reminded them that the delicatessen business was a failure, according to its proprietor, and that this might account for his pessimistic views. Which, of course, reopened the subject! The controlling factor was that they could not stay where they were—they had to go somewhere. And when they gave up the house plan and decided to rent, the prospect of paying out nine dollars a month forever they found just as hard to face. All day and all night for nearly a whole week they wrestled with

Korean agony: 희비의 극치, 단말마의 괴로움, 고뇌, 고통, 그리스도의 고통, 심한 고통, 죽음의 고통, 감정의 격발, 격발. brink: 가장자리, 찰나, 위기, 물가, 고비, 정상. depressing: 울적한, 억압적인, 풀이 죽은, 침울하게 만드는, 내리눌린, 불경기의. foresee: 예견하다, 미리알다. harmony: 조화, 화성, 화합, 일치,

일치점 요람. instinct: 본능, 천성, 가득 찬, 넘치는, 배어든, 직각력, 가득찬. obstinate: 완고한, 완강한, 난치의, 고집센, 병이 난치의. pessimistic: 염세적인, 비관적인, 비관주의의, 비관적으로 생각하는. precipice: 절벽, 벼랑. proprietor: 경영자, 소유자, 소유주, 독점권 소유자, 집주인, 사업주. robbery: 강탈, 강도, 약탈, 강도죄,

도둑질, 강도질. swindle: 사취, 사기, 사취하다, 속이다, 사기하다, 속여 빼앗다. transpire: 일어나다, 증발하다, 새다, 배출하다, 냄새를 발산하다, 새어나오다, 스며나오게 하다, 수분을 발산하다. waver: 흔들리다, 비틀거리다, 망설임, 반짝이다, 망설이다, 흔드는 사람, 동요하다, 동요, 머뭇거림, 흔들거리기 시작하다, 펄럭이다.

54

The Jungle

the problem, and then in the end Jurgis took the responsibility. Brother Jonas had gotten his job, and was pushing a truck in Durham's; and the killing gang at Brown's continued to work early and late, so that Jurgis grew more confident every hour, more certain of his mastership. It was the kind of thing the man of the family had to decide and carry through, he told himself. Others might have failed at it, but he was not the failing kind—he would show them how to do it. He would work all day, and all night, too, if need be; he would never rest until the house was paid for and his people had a home. So he told them, and so in the end the decision was made.% They had talked about looking at more houses before they made the purchase; but then they did not know where any more were, and they did not know any way of finding out. The one they had seen held the sway in their thoughts; whenever they thought of themselves in a house, it was this house that they thought of. And so they went and told the agent that they were ready to make the agreement. They knew, as an abstract proposition, that in matters of business all men are to be accounted liars; but they could not but have been influenced by all they had heard from the eloquent agent, and were quite persuaded that the house was something they had run a risk of losing by their delay. They drew a deep breath when he told them that they were still in time. They were to come on the morrow, and he would have the papers all drawn up. This matter of papers was one in which Jurgis understood to the full the need of caution; yet he could not go himself—every one told him that he could not get a holiday, and that he might lose his job by asking. So there was nothing to be done but to trust it to the women, with Szedvilas, who promised to go with them. Jurgis spent a whole evening impressing upon them the seriousness of the occasion—and then finally, out of innumerable hiding places about their persons and in their baggage, came forth the precious wads of money, to be done up tightly in a little bag and sewed fast in the lining of Teta Elzbieta's dress. Early in the morning they sallied forth. Jurgis had given them so many instructions and warned them against so many perils, that the women were

Korean baggage: 말괄량이, 군용 행낭, 수화물, 닮고 닮은 여자, 바람난 여자, 휴대품, 닳고 닳은 여자, 수하물, 짐. failed: 실패한. forth: 앞으로, 밖으로, 보이는곳에, 에서 바깥에, 보이는 곳에, 이후. hiding: 매질, 은닉, 은닉처, 은신처, 후려갈김, 숨김, 숨는 곳. instructions: 훈령. lining: 안감, 안대기, 안, 포켓 따위의 알맹이, 켓 따위의 알맹이, 지갑

따위의 알맹이, 위 따위의 알맹이, 딱딱함, 엄숙, 중대, 심각함, 중대함, 안을 대기, 알맹이. 진지함. mastership: 숙달, 지배, 지배력, sway: 흔들다, 동요, 지배하다, 교장의 직, 주인임, 지배자이기, 좌우하다, 지배, 의 결의를 움직이다, 지배자의 지위, 지배자의 직. 흔들리다, 좌우 하는 힘, 자유로이 morrow: 아침, 이튿날, 직후. 하는 힘, 의 의견을 움직이다. precious: 귀중한, 귀여운, 순전한, truck: 현물 지급, 트럭, 손수레, 지독한, 소중한, 비싼, 점잔빼는, 거래하다, 거래, 교제, 무개화차, 꾀까다로운, 대단한, 몹시, 소중한 잡동사니, 화물자동차, 시장에 낼 사람. 야채, 물물교환. seriousness: 정색, 진지, 용이치 않음, understood: 이해된, 양해된, 이해한.

Upton Sinclair

55

quite pale with fright, and even the imperturbable delicatessen vender, who prided himself upon being a businessman, was ill at ease. The agent had the deed all ready, and invited them to sit down and read it; this Szedvilas proceeded to do—a painful and laborious process, during which the agent drummed upon the desk. Teta Elzbieta was so embarrassed that the perspiration came out upon her forehead in beads; for was not this reading as much as to say plainly to the gentleman's face that they doubted his honesty? Yet Jokubas Szedvilas read on and on; and presently there developed that he had good reason for doing so. For a horrible suspicion had begun dawning in his mind; he knitted his brows more and more as he read. This was not a deed of sale at all, so far as he could see—it provided only for the renting of the property! It was hard to tell, with all this strange legal jargon, words he had never heard before; but was not this plain—"the party of the first part hereby covenants and agrees to rent to the said party of the second part!" And then again— "a monthly rental of twelve dollars, for a period of eight years and four months!" Then Szedvilas took off his spectacles, and looked at the agent, and stammered a question.% The agent was most polite, and explained that that was the usual formula; that it was always arranged that the property should be merely rented. He kept trying to show them something in the next paragraph; but Szedvilas could not get by the word "rental"—and when he translated it to Teta Elzbieta, she too was thrown into a fright. They would not own the home at all, then, for nearly nine years! The agent, with infinite patience, began to explain again; but no explanation would do now. Elzbieta had firmly fixed in her mind the last solemn warning of Jurgis: "If there is anything wrong, do not give him the money, but go out and get a lawyer." It was an agonizing moment, but she sat in the chair, her hands clenched like death, and made a fearful effort, summoning all her powers, and gasped out her purpose. Jokubas translated her words. She expected the agent to fly into a passion, but he was, to her bewilderment, as ever imperturbable; he even offered to go and get a lawyer for her, but she declined this. They went a long way, on

Korean beads: 염주. bewilderment: 당황. businessman: 실업가, 사무원, 회사원. dawning: 동쪽, 새벽, 여명, 동녁, 조짐, 징조, 출현, 새벽녘, 시작, 여명기. deed: 행위, 실행, 행동, 업적, 증서. fright: 돌연한 공포, 우스운 사람, 추악한사람, 추악한 사람, 우스운사람, 깜짝 놀라게 하다, 보기 흉한 물건, 도깨비 같은 사람, 도깨비

같은 물건, 공포, 보기 흉한 사람. hereby: 이로 말미암아, 이에 의하여, 이것에 의하여. honesty: 정직, 성실, 솔직, 루나리아, 정절. imperturbable: 침착한, 냉정한, 동요치 않는, 동요하지 않는, 태연한. jargon: 뜻을 알수 없는 말, 변말, 횡설수설, 이해할 수 없는 말, 특수 용어, 횡설수설하다. laborious: 힘드는, 부지런한.

perspiration: 땀, 발한 작용, 발한작용, 발한. rental: 임대의, 셋집, 임대료 수입, 렌터카, 셋방, 임대료, 임차료, 임대차물, 임차, 지대로서 치르는총액, 임대. rented: 임대료가 ...한. solemn: 엄숙한, 정식의, 격식 차린, 신성한, 종교 상의, 진지한, 심각한 표정의, 종교상의, 중대한. spectacles: 안경.

56

The Jungle

purpose to find a man who would not be a confederate. Then let any one imagine their dismay, when, after half an hour, they came in with a lawyer, and heard him greet the agent by his first name! They felt that all was lost; they sat like prisoners %summoned to hear the reading of their death warrant. There was nothing more that they could do—they were trapped! The lawyer read over the deed, and when he had read it he informed Szedvilas that it was all perfectly regular, that the deed was a blank deed such as was often used in these sales. And was the price as agreed? the old man asked—three hundred dollars down, and the balance at twelve dollars a month, till the total of fifteen hundred dollars had been paid? Yes, that was correct. And it was for the sale of such and such a house—the house and lot and everything? Yes,—and the lawyer showed him where that was all written. And it was all perfectly regular—there were no tricks about it of any sort? They were poor people, and this was all they had in the world, and if there was anything wrong they would be ruined. And so Szedvilas went on, asking one trembling question after another, while the eyes of the women folks were fixed upon him in mute agony. They could not understand what he was saying, but they knew that upon it their fate depended. And when at last he had questioned until there was no more questioning to be done, and the time came for them to make up their minds, and either close the bargain or reject it, it was all that poor Teta Elzbieta could do to keep from bursting into tears. Jokubas had asked her if she wished to sign; he had asked her twice—and what could she say? How did she know if this lawyer were telling the truth— that he was not in the conspiracy? And yet, how could she say so—what excuse could she give? The eyes of every one in the room were upon her, awaiting her decision; and at last, half blind with her tears, she began fumbling in her jacket, where she had pinned the precious money. And she brought it out and unwrapped it before the men. All of this Ona sat watching, from a corner of the room, twisting her hands together, meantime, in a fever of fright. Ona longed to cry out and tell her stepmother to stop, that it was all a trap; but there seemed to be something clutching her by the throat, and she could not make a sound. And so Teta Elzbieta laid the money on the table, and the agent picked it up and counted it, and then wrote them a receipt for it and passed them the deed. Then

Korean confederate: 공모한, 동맹국, 동맹시키다, 공모자, 동맹한, 동류, 남부 동맹의, 동맹하다, 연합국, 연합한, 연맹한. conspiracy: 음모, 공동모의, 공모, 동시발생, 모의, 불법공모, 음모단, 불법 공모. dismay: 당황, 경악, 깜짝 놀라게 하다, 근심시키다, 당황케 하다, 놀람. fever: 열병, 열, 발열시키다, 열광, 열광적인, 열병의, 열이 있는, 흥분

상태, 흥분, 열병에 걸리게 걸리다, 열병에 걸리게 하다. fumbling: 실수, 만지작거리는, 어설픈. greet: 들어오다, 보이다, 인사하다, 들리다, 맞다, 에게 인사하다, 눈에 띄다. lawyer: 법률가, 변호사. mute: 폐쇄음의, 무언의, 벙어리의, 약음기를 달다, 회장꾼, 말 않는 배우, 벙어리 하인, 벙어리, 벌어리,

묵자의-벌어리, 묵자의. questioning: 질문, 의심스러운, 심문, 묻는 듯한, 캐묻는. ruined: 몰락한, 파멸한, 황폐한, 해를 입은, 타락한, 멸망한, 파산한. trembling: 전율하는, 떨림, 떨리는, 전율, 떨기, 전율 떠는. warrant: 영장, 정당화하다, 정당한 이유, 보증하다, 보증, 권능, 근거, 단언하다, 준사관 사령, 권한을 부여하다, 준위.

Upton Sinclair

57

he gave a sigh of satisfaction, and rose and shook hands with them all, still as smooth and polite as at the beginning. Ona had a dim recollection of the lawyer telling Szedvilas that his charge was a dollar, which occasioned some debate, and more agony; and then, after they had paid that, too, they went out into the street, her stepmother clutching the deed in her hand. They were so weak from fright that they could not walk, but had to sit down on the way.% So they went home, with a deadly terror gnawing at their souls; and that evening Jurgis came home and heard their story, and that was the end. Jurgis was sure that they had been swindled, and were ruined; and he tore his hair and cursed like a madman, swearing that he would kill the agent that very night. In the end he seized the paper and rushed out of the house, and all the way across the yards to Halsted Street. He dragged Szedvilas out from his supper, and together they rushed to consult another lawyer. When they entered his office the lawyer sprang up, for Jurgis looked like a crazy person, with flying hair and bloodshot eyes. His companion explained the situation, and the lawyer took the paper and began to read it, while Jurgis stood clutching the desk with knotted hands, trembling in every nerve. Once or twice the lawyer looked up and asked a question of Szedvilas; the other did not know a word that he was saying, but his eyes were fixed upon the lawyer's face, striving in an agony of dread to read his mind. He saw the lawyer look up and laugh, and he gave a gasp; the man said something to Szedvilas, and Jurgis turned upon his friend, his heart almost stopping. "Well?" he panted. "He says it is all right," said Szedvilas. "All right!" "Yes, he says it is just as it should be." And Jurgis, in his relief, sank down into a chair. "Are you sure of it?" he gasped, and made Szedvilas translate question after question. He could not hear it often enough; he could not ask with enough variations. Yes, they had bought the house, they had really bought it. It

Korean bloodshot: 충혈된. cursed: 저주할, 심술궂은, 저주스러움, 심술통, 지겨운, 심사 사나운, 저부받은, 천벌받은, 지긋지긋한, 가증스러운, 저주 받은. dim: 둔한, 어둑한, 희미한, 둔하게 하다, 어둑해지다, 흐리게 하다, 흐려지다, 어슴푸레한, 둔해지다, 어둑하게 하다, 비관적인. dread: 공포, 두려움, 두려워하다, 걱정하다, 격정하다, 무서운 물건,

무서운 사람. 한숨쉬며 말하다, 그리워하다, knotted: 꺼져, 듣기 싫다, 마디가 살랑거리다, 슬퍼하다, 한숨 쉬다, 있는, 어려운, 매듭이 있는, 한숨 지으며 말하다, 한숨 짓듯 울퉁불퉁한, 귀찮아, 얽힌. 산들거리다, 사모하다. madman: 미친 사람, 광인. supper: 저녁 식사, 밤참. polite: 공손한, 세련된, 품위 있는, swearing: 서약, 욕을 퍼붓기. 예절 바른, 문장 따위 세련된, 고상한. translate: 번역하다, 옮기다, 해석하다, recollection: 회상, 기억, 추억, 회고록, 고쳐 만들다, 이동시키다, 이동하다, 상기, 회고, 옛날을 생각케 하는 것, 헌 재료로 만들다, 헌 옷 등을 만들다, 마음의 평정, 기억력. 헌 구두 만들다, 중계하다, sigh: 한숨, 탄식, 을 슬퍼하다, 병진시키다.

58

The Jungle

belonged to them, they had only to pay the money and it would be all right. Then Jurgis covered his face with his hands, for there were tears in his eyes, and he felt like a fool. But he had had such a horrible fright; strong man as he was, it left him almost too weak to stand up.% The lawyer explained that the rental was a form—the property was said to be merely rented until the last payment had been made, the purpose being to make it easier to turn the party out if he did not make the payments. So long as they paid, however, they had nothing to fear, the house was all theirs. Jurgis was so grateful that he paid the half dollar the lawyer asked without winking an eyelash, and then rushed home to tell the news to the family. He found Ona in a faint and the babies screaming, and the whole house in an uproar—for it had been believed by all that he had gone to murder the agent. It was hours before the excitement could be calmed; and all through that cruel night Jurgis would wake up now and then and hear Ona and her stepmother in the next room, sobbing softly to themselves.

Korean excitement: 흥분, 자극하는 것, 자극, 격앙, 법석, 동요. eyelash: 속눈썹. faint: 어질어질한, 희미한, 연약한, 기절하다, 쇠약해진, 약해지다, 활기없는, 졸도하다, 엷은, 가냘픈, 힘없는. fool: 바보, 속이다, 농담하다, 어리석은 짓을 하다, 어릿광대, 우롱하다, 희롱하다, 풀, 놀리다, 낭비하다, 바보 취급을 받는 사람.

grateful: 감사히 여기는, 고마운, 기쁜, 손쉬운, 부드러운 물건, 부드러운, 즐거운, 기분 좋은, 고맙게 생각하는. 매끈한. payment: 지불, 납입, 납부, 보수, theirs: 그들의 것. 불입, 지급, 지불 금액, 결제, 변제. wake: 경야, 활기띠다, 각성시키다, screaming: 깜짝 놀라게 하는, 철야제, 일으키다, 지나간 자국, 밤샘, 번지르르한, 이목을 끌게 하는, 깨우다, 되살아나다, 일어나다, 우스워 못 견디는, 날카롭게 외치는, 잠깨다. 선정적인, 깔깔 웃는, 킥킥거리는, weak: 약변화의, 묽은, 약한, 힘없는, 외치는, 삑삑 우는, 쇳소리를 지르는. 어리석은, 약세인, 악센트 없는, softly: 조용한, 수월한, 흐릿한, 내림세인, 약점 있는, 악센트가 없는, 온화한, 연한, 상쾌한, 부드럽게, 불충분한.

Upton Sinclair

59

CHAPTER 5

They%had bought their home. It was hard for them to realize that the wonderful house was theirs to move into whenever they chose. They spent all their time thinking about it, and what they were going to put into it. As their week with Aniele was up in three days, they lost no time in getting ready. They had to make some shift to furnish it, and every instant of their leisure was given to discussing this. A person who had such a task before him would not need to look very far in Packingtown—he had only to walk up the avenue and read the signs, or get into a streetcar, to obtain full information as to pretty much everything a human creature could need. It was quite touching, the zeal of people to see that his health and happiness were provided for. Did the person wish to smoke? There was a little discourse about cigars, showing him exactly why the Thomas Jefferson Five-cent Perfecto was the only cigar worthy of the name. Had he, on the other hand, smoked too much? Here was a remedy for the smoking habit, twenty-five doses for a quarter, and a cure absolutely guaranteed in ten doses. In innumerable ways such as this, the traveler found that somebody had been busied to make smooth his paths through the world, and to let him know what had been done for him. In Packingtown the advertisements had a style all of their own, adapted to the peculiar population. One would be tenderly solicitous. "Is your wife pale?" it would inquire. "Is she discouraged, does she drag herself

Korean adapted: 알맞은, 개조된, 개작된, 적당한. chose: 재산, 물, 물건. cigar: 여송연, 엽궐련, 시거. discouraged: 낙담한, 낙심한, 술에 취한. discourse: 담화, 논설, 설교, 이야기, 강연, 강연하다, 논술하다, 강화. furnish: 설비, 공급하다, 가구를 갖추다, 비치된가구, 비치된 가구, 장치를 갖추다, 주다, 설치하다,

가구를 설비하다. habit: 습관, 버릇, 습성, 에 살다, 복장, 기질, 체질, 여성승마복, 입히다, 여성 승마복, 의복. happiness: 행복, 행운, 유쾌, 교묘, 적절, 기쁨, 교묘함. remedy: 의료, 구제책, 치료, 교정법 고치다, 보수하다, 치료약, 치료하다. solicitous: 걱정하는, 열심인, 열망하는. spent: 다 써버린, 지쳐버린, 산란한.

streetcar: 시내전차, 전차, 시가 전차. tenderly: 상냥하게, 예민하게, 상하기 쉽게, 유약하게. touching: 감동시키는, 애처로운, 에 관하여, 에 관해서, 감동적인. traveler: 여행자, 나그네, 이동 기중기, 순회 판매인, 하게 진행하는 것, 외판원, 여행가, 외무원, 하게 진행하는 말 등, 하게 진행하는 차 등, 하게 진행하는 것 등. zeal: 열중, 열심, 열의, 열성.

60

The Jungle

about the house and find fault with everything? Why do you not tell her to try Dr. Lanahan's Life Preservers?" Another would be jocular in tone, slapping you on the back, so to speak. "Don't be a chump!" it would exclaim. "Go and get the Goliath Bunion Cure." "Get a move on you!" would chime in another. "It's easy, if you wear the Eureka Two-Fifty Shoe."% Among these importunate signs was one that had caught the attention of the family by its pictures. It showed two very pretty little birds building themselves a home; and Marija had asked an acquaintance to read it to her, and told them that it related to the furnishing of a house. "Feather your nest," it ran—and went on to say that it could furnish all the necessary feathers for a four-room nest for the ludicrously small sum of seventy-five dollars. The particularly important thing about this offer was that only a small part of the money need be had at once—the rest one might pay a few dollars every month. Our friends had to have some furniture, there was no getting away from that; but their little fund of money had sunk so low that they could hardly get to sleep at night, and so they fled to this as their deliverance. There was more agony and another paper for Elzbieta to sign, and then one night when Jurgis came home, he was told the breathless tidings that the furniture had arrived and was safely stowed in the house: a parlor set of four pieces, a bedroom set of three pieces, a dining room table and four chairs, a toilet set with beautiful pink roses painted all over it, an assortment of crockery, also with pink roses—and so on. One of the plates in the set had been found broken when they unpacked it, and Ona was going to the store the first thing in the morning to make them change it; also they had promised three saucepans, and there had only two come, and did Jurgis think that they were trying to cheat them? The next day they went to the house; and when the men came from work they ate a few hurried mouthfuls at Aniele's, and then set to work at the task of carrying their belongings to their new home. The distance was in reality over two miles, but Jurgis made two trips that night, each time with a huge pile of mattresses and bedding on his head, with bundles of clothing and bags and things tied up inside. Anywhere else in Chicago he would have stood a good

Korean assortment: 종별, 유별, 분류, 잡다한 것의 모임, 잡다한 사람의 모임, 구색을 갖춘 것, 구색, 구분, 갖추어 한데 넣은 것. chime: 차임, 선율, 울리다, 돌출한 가장자리, 일치하다, 조화하다, 조화가락을 맞추어 울리다, 울리어 알리다, 종악을 연주하다, 시각을알리다, 종을 울려부르다. crockery: 오지그릇, 도자기류, 사기그릇, 토기류.

deliverance: 구출, 해방, 진술, 진술의 공표, 평결, 액막이, 석방, 발표, 구조, 공식 의견, 의견. dining: 식사. exclaim: 외치다, 큰 소리로 말하다, 비난하다. furnishing: 복식품, 비치된 가구, 가구의 설비, 가구. importunate: 귀찮은, 성가신, 귀찮은조르는, 끈덕진, 끈질긴. jocular: 우스운, 익살맞은,

우스꽝스러운. ludicrously: 우스운, 익살맞은. parlor: 객실, 거실, 영업실, 담화실, 호텔 따위의 특별 휴게실, 호텔 따위의 특별 담화실, 특별 휴게실, 특별 담화실, 클럽 따위의 특별 휴게실, 클럽 따위의 특별 담화실, 원래 객실풍으로 설비한 영업소. slapping: 무척 빠른, 크고 훌륭한 훌륭하게, 굉장한, 몹시 빠른, 큼직한. sunk: 침몰된, 물밑의, 움푹한.

Upton Sinclair

61

chance %of being arrested; but the policemen in Packingtown were apparently used to these informal movings, and contented themselves with a cursory examination now and then. It was quite wonderful to see how fine the house looked, with all the things in it, even by the dim light of a lamp: it was really home, and almost as exciting as the placard had described it. Ona was fairly dancing, and she and Cousin Marija took Jurgis by the arm and escorted him from room to room, sitting in each chair by turns, and then insisting that he should do the same. One chair squeaked with his great weight, and they screamed with fright, and woke the baby and brought everybody running. Altogether it was a great day; and tired as they were, Jurgis and Ona sat up late, contented simply to hold each other and gaze in rapture about the room. They were going to be married as soon as they could get everything settled, and a little spare money put by; and this was to be their home—that little room yonder would be theirs! It was in truth a never-ending delight, the fixing up of this house. They had no money to spend for the pleasure of spending, but there were a few absolutely necessary things, and the buying of these was a perpetual adventure for Ona. It must always be done at night, so that Jurgis could go along; and even if it were only a pepper cruet, or half a dozen glasses for ten cents, that was enough for an expedition. On Saturday night they came home with a great basketful of things, and spread them out on the table, while every one stood round, and the children climbed up on the chairs, or howled to be lifted up to see. There were sugar and salt and tea and crackers, and a can of lard and a milk pail, and a scrubbing brush, and a pair of shoes for the second oldest boy, and a can of oil, and a tack hammer, and a pound of nails. These last were to be driven into the walls of the kitchen and the bedrooms, to hang things on; and there was a family discussion as to the place where each one was to be driven. Then Jurgis would try to hammer, and hit his fingers because the hammer was too small, and get mad because Ona had refused to let him pay fifteen cents more and get a bigger hammer; and Ona would be invited to try it herself, and hurt her thumb, and cry out, which necessitated the thumb's being kissed by Jurgis. Finally, after every one had had a try, the nails would be driven, and something hung up. Jurgis

Korean basketful: 한 바구니, 한 바구니 가득, 상당한 양, 바구니 가득. contented: 만족하고 있는, 흡족해 하는, 달갑게 하는, 만족한. crackers: 머리가돈, 열중한, 멍한, 머리가 돈, 미친, 호두 까는 기구. cruet: 양념병, 양념병대, 주수 병. cursory: 서두르는, 엉성한, 소홀한피상적인, 마구잡이의, 조잡한. fixing: 고정, 설비, 정착, 비품, 설치, 조정.

never-ending: 끝없는. rapture: 황홀, 광희, 환희, pail: 양동이, 들통, 한 통의 양. 황홀하게하다, 무아, 미칠듯한 기쁨, pepper: 후추, 고추, 후추과의 식물, 황홀경, 황홀하게 하다. 퍼붓다, 에 후추를 치다, 자극성 있는 tack: 음식물, 압정, 방침, 시침질, 못, 것, 자극성, 온통 홑뿌리다, 신랄 한 돛의 위치에 따르는 배 진로의 방향, 것, 신랄. 돛 위치에 따르는 배 진로의 방향, 돛 perpetual: 종신의, 영구한, 끊임없는, 위치 변경에 의한 방향 전환, 사철 피는, 영구하다, 다년생 식물, 지그재그 항정, 지그재그로 나감, 부단한, 잔소리 따위 부단한, 가봉. 영속하는, 다년생의, 싸움 따위 yonder: 저기에, 저쪽, 훨씬 저쪽의, 부단한. 저곳에, 저곳에의.

62

The Jungle

had come home with a big packing box on his head, and he sent Jonas to get another that he had bought. He meant to take one side out of these tomorrow, and put shelves in them, and make them into bureaus and places to keep things for the bedrooms. The nest which had been advertised had not included feathers for quite so many birds as there were in this family.% They had, of course, put their dining table in the kitchen, and the dining room was used as the bedroom of Teta Elzbieta and five of her children. She and the two youngest slept in the only bed, and the other three had a mattress on the floor. Ona and her cousin dragged a mattress into the parlor and slept at night, and the three men and the oldest boy slept in the other room, having nothing but the very level floor to rest on for the present. Even so, however, they slept soundly— it was necessary for Teta Elzbieta to pound more than once on the at a quarter past five every morning. She would have ready a great pot full of steaming black coffee, and oatmeal and bread and smoked sausages; and then she would fix them their dinner pails with more thick slices of bread with lard between them—they could not afford butter—and some onions and a piece of cheese, and so they would tramp away to work. This was the first time in his life that he had ever really worked, it seemed to Jurgis; it was the first time that he had ever had anything to do which took all he had in him. Jurgis had stood with the rest up in the gallery and watched the men on the killing beds, marveling at their speed and power as if they had been wonderful machines; it somehow never occurred to one to think of the flesh-andblood side of it—that is, not until he actually got down into the pit and took off his coat. Then he saw things in a different light, he got at the inside of them. The pace they set here, it was one that called for every faculty of a man—from the instant the first steer fell till the sounding of the noon whistle, and again from half-past twelve till heaven only knew what hour in the late afternoon or evening, there was never one instant's rest for a man, for his hand or his eye or his brain. Jurgis saw how they managed it; there were portions of the work which determined the pace of the rest, and for these they had picked men whom they paid high wages, and whom they changed frequently. You might easily

Korean faculty: 재능, 학부, 능력, 기능, 특허, 하는, 최고점. tramp: 매춘부, 부정기 화물선, 동업자 단체, 자력, 수완, 대학고교의 oatmeal: 오트밀, 빻은 귀리, 빻은 터벅터벅 걷다, 방랑자, 방랑하다, 전교직원, 학부의 교수단, 직원회의. 연맥. 도보 여행하다, 쿵쿵걷다, 짓밟다, heaven: 하늘, 천국, 상공, 하느님, sounding: 수심, 과장된, 측연선으로 짖밟다, 긴 도보 여행, 무거운 발소리. 천제, 어머나. 잴 수 있는곳, 거창하게 들리는, whistle: 휘파람, 호각, 기적을 울리다, instant: 순간, 절박한, 즉시, 즉각의, 소리를 내는, 울려 퍼지는, 측심, 휘파람을 불다, 경적, 휘파람불다, 긴급한, 즉석의, 즉각, 즉석식의, 조사, 측연이 미치는 측정 범위, 수심 헛되이 바라다, 팽 하고 날다, 인스턴트식품, 인스턴트커피, 이달의. 측량, 소리나는. 휘파람으로 부르다, 입, 기적. noon: 정오, 정오의, 전성기, 점심을 soundly: 충분히, 건전한, 확실한, youngest: 최연소자, 가장 나이 어린 먹다, 한밤중, 한낮, 야반, 결정, 낮 합리적인, 철저한, 강하지않은, 가족, 막내 아이, 특히 가장 나이 어린 휴식을 취하다절정에 달하다, 정오에 안전한, 건전하게. 가족.

Upton Sinclair

63

pick out these pacemakers, for they worked under the eye of the bosses, and they worked like men possessed. This was called "speeding up the gang," and if any man could not keep up with the pace, there were hundreds outside begging to try.% Yet Jurgis did not mind it; he rather enjoyed it. It saved him the necessity of flinging his arms about and fidgeting as he did in most work. He would laugh to himself as he ran down the line, darting a glance now and then at the man ahead of him. It was not the pleasantest work one could think of, but it was necessary work; and what more had a man the right to ask than a chance to do something useful, and to get good pay for doing it? So Jurgis thought, and so he spoke, in his bold, free way; very much to his surprise, he found that it had a tendency to get him into trouble. For most of the men here took a fearfully different view of the thing. He was quite dismayed when he first began to find it out—that most of the men hated their work. It seemed strange, it was even terrible, when you came to find out the universality of the sentiment; but it was certainly the fact—they hated their work. They hated the bosses and they hated the owners; they hated the whole place, the whole neighborhood— even the whole city, with an all-inclusive hatred, bitter and fierce. Women and little children would fall to cursing about it; it was rotten, rotten as hell—everything was rotten. When Jurgis would ask them what they meant, they would begin to get suspicious, and content themselves with saying, "Never mind, you stay here and see for yourself." One of the first problems that Jurgis ran upon was that of the unions. He had had no experience with unions, and he had to have it explained to him that the men were banded together for the purpose of fighting for their rights. Jurgis asked them what they meant by their rights, a question in which he was quite sincere, for he had not any idea of any rights that he had, except the right to hunt for a job, and do as he was told when he got it. Generally, however, this harmless question would only make his fellow workingmen lose their tempers and call him a fool. There was a delegate of the butcher-helpers' union who came to see Jurgis to enroll him; and when Jurgis found that this meant that he would

Korean all-inclusive: 총괄적, 거시적. banded: 대상 장식이 있는, 줄무늬 모양의. begging: 구걸, 구걸하는, 거지 생활. bold: 가파른, 대담한, 거리낌없는, 굵은, 뚜렷한, 굵게, 볼드체의, 뻔뻔스러운, 힘 있는, 두드러진, 뻔뻔한. delegate: 위임하다, 대표자, 사절, 특파하다, 파견하다, 대리자, 대표, 전부하다, 연방 하원의원.

enroll: 등록하다, 명부에 올리다, 입회시키다, 병적에올리다 입회하다, 병적에 넣다, 기록하다, 싸다, 입대 절차를 밟다, 입학 절차를 밟다. fearfully: 몹시, 무서워하며, 무섭게, 굉장히, 지독히, 벌벌 떨며, 거정스럽게, 지독하게. harmless: 해없는, 악의 없는, 해가 없는. hated: 미워하는. hatred: 증오, 혐오, 몹시 싫어함, 미움.

possessed: 침착한, 홀린, 미친, 흘려버린. rotten: 약한, 썩은, 부패한, 부서지기 쉬운, 타락한, 더러운, 취약한, 나쁜, 태도가 나쁜, 궂은, 축축한. sentiment: 의견, 감상, 정서, 감정의, 감상적인, 다감, 정취, 다감한, 감정, 감정에 흐르는 경향, 감정적인 생각. sincere: 성실한, 진실의. universality: 보편성, 일반성, 보급, 다방면성, 박식, 만능, 유포.

64

The Jungle

have to part with some of his money, he froze up directly, and the delegate, who was an Irishman and only knew a few words of Lithuanian, lost his temper and began to threaten him. In the end Jurgis got into a fine rage, and made it sufficiently plain that it would take more than one Irishman to scare him into a union. Little by little he gathered that the main thing the men wanted was to put a stop to the habit of "speeding-up"; they were trying their best to force a lessening of the pace, for there were some, they said, who could not keep up with it, whom it was killing. But Jurgis had no sympathy with such ideas as this—he could do the work himself, and so could the rest of them, he declared, if they were good for anything. If they couldn't do it, let them go somewhere else. Jurgis had not studied the books, and he would not have known how to pronounce "laissez faire"; but he had been round the world enough to know that a man has to shift for himself in it, and that if he gets the worst of it, there is nobody to listen to him holler.% Yet there have been known to be philosophers and plain men who swore by Malthus in the books, and would, nevertheless, subscribe to a relief fund in time of a famine. It was the same with Jurgis, who consigned the unfit to destruction, while going about all day sick at heart because of his poor old father, who was wandering somewhere in the yards begging for a chance to earn his bread. Old Antanas had been a worker ever since he was a child; he had run away from home when he was twelve, because his father beat him for trying to learn to read. And he was a faithful man, too; he was a man you might leave alone for a month, if only you had made him understand what you wanted him to do in the meantime. And now here he was, worn out in soul and body, and with no more place in the world than a sick dog. He had his home, as it happened, and some one who would care for him it he never got a job; but his son could not help thinking, suppose this had not been the case. Antanas Rudkus had been into every building in Packingtown by this time, and into nearly every room; he had stood mornings among the crowd of applicants till the very policemen had come to know his face and to tell him to go home and give it up. He had been likewise to all the stores and saloons for a mile about, begging

Korean books: 책. pronounce: 발음하다, 의견을 말하다, destruction: 파괴, 멸망, 절멸, 파멸의 판단을 내리다, 선고하다, 말하다, 원인. 단언하다-발음하다, 선언하다. faithful: 성실한, 신뢰할 수 있는, rage: 맹위를 떨치다, 격노, 열망, 신자들, 정확한, 충실한, 충실한 격노하다, 고조에 달하다, 감흥, 신도들, 정확. 대유행, 감동, 열광, 격렬, 날뛰다. famine: 기근, 대부족, 식량 부족, subscribe: 서명하다, 예약하다, 고갈, 굶주림. 기부하다, 응모하다, 기부자 명부에 plain: 명백한, 평이한, 쉬운, 보통의, 써넣다, 서명하여 동의 하다, 솔직한, 소박한, 평탄한, 단순한, 찬성하다, 구독하다, 기부명부에 예쁘지 않은, 무늬없는, 평지. 기명하다, 승낙하다, 동의하다.

sufficiently: 충분히. sympathy: 동정, 공명, 교감, 동조, 연민, 일치, 조화, 찬성, 동의, 동감, 감웅성. threaten: 위협하다, 할 듯하다, 닥치고 있다, 의 우려가 있다, 할 우려가 있다, 협박하다, 임박하다. unfit: 부정당한, 적임이 아닌, 부적당한, 부적당하게 하다. worn: 녹초가 된, 낡아 빠진, 닳아빠진.

Upton Sinclair

65

for some little thing to do; and everywhere they had ordered him out, sometimes with curses, and not once even stopping to ask him a question.% So, after all, there was a crack in the fine structure of Jurgis' faith in things as they are. The crack was wide while Dede Antanas was hunting a job—and it was yet wider when he finally got it. For one evening the old man came home in a great state of excitement, with the tale that he had been approached by a man in one of the corridors of the pickle rooms of Durham's, and asked what he would pay to get a job. He had not known what to make of this at first; but the man had gone on with matter-of-fact frankness to say that he could get him a job, provided that he were willing to pay one-third of his wages for it. Was he a boss? Antanas had asked; to which the man had replied that that was nobody's business, but that he could do what he said. Jurgis had made some friends by this time, and he sought one of them and asked what this meant. The friend, who was named Tamoszius Kuszleika, was a sharp little man who folded hides on the killing beds, and he listened to what Jurgis had to say without seeming at all surprised. They were common enough, he said, such cases of petty graft. It was simply some boss who proposed to add a little to his income. After Jurgis had been there awhile he would know that the plants were simply honeycombed with rottenness of that sort—the bosses grafted off the men, and they grafted off each other; and some day the superintendent would find out about the boss, and then he would graft off the boss. Warming to the subject, Tamoszius went on to explain the situation. Here was Durham's, for instance, owned by a man who was trying to make as much money out of it as he could, and did not care in the least how he did it; and underneath him, ranged in ranks and grades like an army, were managers and superintendents and foremen, each one driving the man next below him and trying to squeeze out of him as much work as possible. And all the men of the same rank were pitted against each other; the accounts of each were kept separately, and every man lived in terror of losing his job, if another made a better record than he. So from top to bottom the place was simply a seething caldron of jealousies and hatreds; there was no loyalty or decency anywhere

Korean awhile: 잠시, 잠깐. caldron: 가마솥, 큰 솥, 큰냄비. decency: 예의, 체면, 점잖음, 예의 범절, 체면상, 보통의 살림에 필요한 물건, 어엿한 생활에 필요한 것, 예절 바름, 보기 흉하지 않음, 관대. frankness: 솔직, 터놓음. graft: 독직, 접목, 눈접, 접목하다, 부정 이득, 접붙여지다, 접수, 이식하다, 식피편, 수회하다. honeycombed: 구멍투성이가 된, 벌집

모양의, 벌집 모양이 되어. 용솟음치는, 심한, 속이 끓어 오르는, hunting: 사냥, 추구, 탐색, 수렵, 비등하는소용돌이치는, 동요하는, 난조의, 수렵의, 탐구, 탐구의, 난조. 들끓는. petty: 소규모의, 하찮은, 사소한, squeeze: 압착하다, 압착, 밀어 넣다, 옹졸한, 자그마한, 하급의, 도량이 곤경, 본뜨기, 혼잡, 짜지다, 좁은. 압착되다, 붐빔, 짜내다, 착취하다. pitted: 얽은 자국이 있는. stopping: 정지, 중지, 메우개, rottenness: 부패. 구두점을 찍음, 멈추게 함, 멎는, seeming: 겉으로의, 외관상의 겉보기, 메워서 채움, 손가락으로 선을 누름. 외관, 겉모양, 외관상의, 표면만의. superintendent: 감독자, 관리자, 소장, seething: 격렬한, 혹독한, 펄펄 끓는, 경찰 본부장, 장관, 감독.

66

The Jungle

about it, there was no place in it where a man counted for anything against a dollar. And worse than there being no decency, there was not even any honesty. The reason for that? Who could say? It must have been old Durham in the beginning; it was a heritage which the self-made merchant had left to his son, along with his millions.% Jurgis would find out these things for himself, if he stayed there long enough; it was the men who had to do all the dirty jobs, and so there was no deceiving them; and they caught the spirit of the place, and did like all the rest. Jurgis had come there, and thought he was going to make himself useful, and rise and become a skilled man; but he would soon find out his error—for nobody rose in Packingtown by doing good work. You could lay that down for a rule—if you met a man who was rising in Packingtown, you met a knave. That man who had been sent to Jurgis' father by the boss, he would rise; the man who told tales and spied upon his fellows would rise; but the man who minded his own business and did his work—why, they would "speed him up" till they had worn him out, and then they would throw him into the gutter. Jurgis went home with his head buzzing. Yet he could not bring himself to believe such things—no, it could not be so. Tamoszius was simply another of the grumblers. He was a man who spent all his time fiddling; and he would go to parties at night and not get home till sunrise, and so of course he did not feel like work. Then, too, he was a puny little chap; and so he had been left behind in the race, and that was why he was sore. And yet so many strange things kept coming to Jurgis' notice every day! He tried to persuade his father to have nothing to do with the offer. But old Antanas had begged until he was worn out, and all his courage was gone; he wanted a job, any sort of a job. So the next day he went and found the man who had spoken to him, and promised to bring him a third of all he earned; and that same day he was put to work in Durham's cellars. It was a "pickle room," where there was never a dry spot to stand upon, and so he had to take nearly the whole of his first week's earnings to buy him a pair of heavy-soled boots. He was a "squeedgie" man; his job was to go about all day with a long-handled mop,

Korean buzzing: 윙윙거리는. chap: 놈, 녀석, 균열, 트다, 뺨, 트게하다, 입맛 다시다, 동창, 거칠어지다, 금, 튼데. fiddling: 하찮은, 다루기 곤란한, 사소한, 헛된, 귀찮은, 시시한, 바이올린을 켜는. gutter: 홈통, 빈민가, 촛농이 흘러내리다, 도랑을 만들다, 수로, 흐르다, 얕은 도랑, 흐른 자국, 좌, 우양페이지의 여백, 촛농이 흐르다.

heritage: 유산, 전승, 재산, 유전, 상속, 세습, 세습 재산, 상속 재산. knave: 잭, 하인, 약한, 신분이 낮은 사내, 무뢰한, 악한, 남자아이. merchant: 상인, 소매상인, 무역상인, 도매상인, 광, 상업의, 표준규격의, 표준규격형의. minded: 할 마음이 있는, 마음이 있는, 한 마음의, 하고 싶은 마음이 있는. mop: 찡그린 얼굴, 얼굴을 찡그리다, 이익을 빨아 먹다, 훔쳐 내다,

자루걸레, 몹 자루걸레로 닦다, 자루걸레로 닦다, 소제하다, 땀 따위를 닦다, 닦다, 끝맺음. self-made: 독립 독행의, 자작의, 자력으로 만든. sore: 상처, 아픈, 언짢은 추억, 지독한, 성마른, 슬픈, 아프게, 얼얼한, 비통, 힘차게, 진무른데. sunrise: 해돋이, 해뜰녘, 초기. tales: 보결 배심원, 보결 배심원 소집 영장, 탈러.

Upton Sinclair

67

swabbing up the floor. Except that it was damp and dark, it was not an unpleasant job, in summer.% Now Antanas Rudkus was the meekest man that God ever put on earth; and so Jurgis found it a striking confirmation of what the men all said, that his father had been at work only two days before he came home as bitter as any of them, and cursing Durham's with all the power of his soul. For they had set him to cleaning out the traps; and the family sat round and listened in wonder while he told them what that meant. It seemed that he was working in the room where the men prepared the beef for canning, and the beef had lain in vats full of chemicals, and men with great forks speared it out and dumped it into trucks, to be taken to the cooking room. When they had speared out all they could reach, they emptied the vat on the floor, and then with shovels scraped up the balance and dumped it into the truck. This floor was filthy, yet they set Antanas with his mop slopping the "pickle" into a hole that connected with a sink, where it was caught and used over again forever; and if that were not enough, there was a trap in the pipe, where all the scraps of meat and odds and ends of refuse were caught, and every few days it was the old man's task to clean these out, and shovel their contents into one of the trucks with the rest of the meat! This was the experience of Antanas; and then there came also Jonas and Marija with tales to tell. Marija was working for one of the independent packers, and was quite beside herself and outrageous with triumph over the sums of money she was making as a painter of cans. But one day she walked home with a pale-faced little woman who worked opposite to her, Jadvyga Marcinkus by name, and Jadvyga told her how she, Marija, had chanced to get her job. She had taken the place of an Irishwoman who had been working in that factory ever since any one could remember. For over fifteen years, so she declared. Mary Dennis was her name, and a long time ago she had been seduced, and had a little boy; he was a cripple, and an epileptic, but still he was all that she had in the world to love, and they had lived in a little room alone somewhere back of Halsted Street, where the Irish were. Mary had had consumption, and all day long you might hear her coughing as she worked; of late she had been going all

Korean beef: 쇠고기, 근육, 건장한, 뚱뚱한, 체력, 완력-불평을 하다, 완력, 불평하다, 불평을 하다, 불평, 육우. cleaning: 청소, 대손해, 대패배, 세탁, 깨끗이 함, 빨래, 크리닝, 쓰레기, 손질, 살인, 완패. confirmation: 확인, 확정, 확증, 견진성사, 확립, 증언, 증거, 비준, 견고하게함, 시인, 견진 성사. cooking: 요리용의, 요리법, 요리하기. cripple: 불구자, 발판, 위력없는 투구,

신체 장애자, 소택지, 서투른 선수, 배를 매어 두는 밧줄, 페인트장이, 병신으로 만들다, 병신, 절름발이, 배를 매는 밧줄, 페인트칠장이. 해치다, 폐인. shovel: 삽, 삽으로 푸다, 큰 숟갈, 을 epileptic: 간질병의 환자, 간질 환자, 삽으로 뜨다, 을 많이 퍼넣다, 을 간질성의, 간질의. 삽으로 파다, 을 많이 넣다, 삽으로 filthy: 더러운, 추잡한, 음탕한, 하나 가득한 분량, 동력 삽, 셔블 불결한, 많이 있는, 지독한. 모자, 삽으로 일을 하다. forks: 포크. striking: 치는, 파업중인, 인상적인, outrageous: 난폭한, 괘씸한, 심한, 현저한, 두드러진, 눈에 띄는. 포학한. unpleasant: 불쾌한, 불유쾌한, painter: 화가, 칠장이, 아메리카 표범, 심술궂은.

68

The Jungle

to pieces, and when Marija came, the "forelady" had suddenly decided to turn her off. The forelady had to come up to a certain standard herself, and could not stop for sick people, Jadvyga explained. The fact that Mary had been there so long had not made any difference to her—it was doubtful if she even knew that, for both the forelady and the superintendent were new people, having only been there two or three years themselves. Jadvyga did not know what had become of the poor creature; she would have gone to see her, but had been sick herself. She had pains in her back all the time, Jadvyga explained, and feared that she had womb trouble. It was not fit work for a woman, handling fourteen-pound cans all day.% It was a striking circumstance that Jonas, too, had gotten his job by the misfortune of some other person. Jonas pushed a truck loaded with hams from the smoke rooms on to an elevator, and thence to the packing rooms. The trucks were all of iron, and heavy, and they put about threescore hams on each of them, a load of more than a quarter of a ton. On the uneven floor it was a task for a man to start one of these trucks, unless he was a giant; and when it was once started he naturally tried his best to keep it going. There was always the boss prowling about, and if there was a second's delay he would fall to cursing; Lithuanians and Slovaks and such, who could not understand what was said to them, the bosses were wont to kick about the place like so many dogs. Therefore these trucks went for the most part on the run; and the predecessor of Jonas had been jammed against the wall by one and crushed in a horrible and nameless manner. All of these were sinister incidents; but they were trifles compared to what Jurgis saw with his own eyes before long. One curious thing he had noticed, the very first day, in his profession of shoveler of guts; which was the sharp trick of the floor bosses whenever there chanced to come a "slunk" calf. Any man who knows anything about butchering knows that the flesh of a cow that is about to calve, or has just calved, is not fit for food. A good many of these came every day to the packing houses—and, of course, if they had chosen, it would have been an easy matter for the packers to keep them till they were fit for food. But

Korean calf: 송아지, 장딴지, 종아리, 어리석은 젊은이, 송아지 가죽, 빙산에서 떨어져 표류하는 얼음 덩어리, 멍청이, 머리 나쁜 아이. calve: 새끼를 낳다, 갈라져 분리되다, 빙괴를 분리하다. circumstance: 환경, 사정, 사건, 부수적인 일, 상황, 처지, 사실, 의식에 구애됨, 사태, 부대사항, 어마어마함. elevator: 승강기, 곡물창고,

엘리베이터, 물건을 올리는 사람, 거근, 승강타, 큰 곡물 창고, 물건을 올리는 장치. forelady: 여자 감독. guts: 끈기, 속, 냉장. misfortune: 불행, 불운, 재난. nameless: 무명의, 명명되지 않은, 익명의, 서출의, 이름 없는, 형언할수 없는, 이름없는, 언어도단의, 언어 도단의, 알 수 없는, 세상에 알려지지 않은.

shoveler: 삽질하는 사람, 과장하는 버릇이 있는 사람, 퍼담는 도구. thence: 그때부터, 그러므로, 거기서부터, 그런고로, 그곳에서부터. threescore: 육십, 육십의. ton: 톤, 다량, 다수, 대중량, 총톤, 용적 톤, 유행. womb: 자궁, 사물이 발생하는 곳, 사물이 성장 하는 곳. wont: 습관, 버릇처럼 된, 풍습, 늘...하는, 에 익숙한.

Upton Sinclair

69

for the saving of time and fodder, it was the law that cows of that sort came along with the others, and whoever noticed it would tell the boss, and the boss would start up a conversation with the government inspector, and the two would stroll away. So in a trice the carcass of the cow would be cleaned out, and entrails would have vanished; it was Jurgis' task to slide them into the trap, calves and all, and on the floor below they took out these "slunk" calves, and butchered them for meat, and used even the skins of them.% One day a man slipped and hurt his leg; and that afternoon, when the last of the cattle had been disposed of, and the men were leaving, Jurgis was ordered to remain and do some special work which this injured man had usually done. It was late, almost dark, and the government inspectors had all gone, and there were only a dozen or two of men on the floor. That day they had killed about four thousand cattle, and these cattle had come in freight trains from far states, and some of them had got hurt. There were some with broken legs, and some with gored sides; there were some that had died, from what cause no one could say; and they were all to be disposed of, here in darkness and silence. "Downers," the men called them; and the packing house had a special elevator upon which they were raised to the killing beds, where the gang proceeded to handle them, with an air of businesslike nonchalance which said plainer than any words that it was a matter of everyday routine. It took a couple of hours to get them out of the way, and in the end Jurgis saw them go into the chilling rooms with the rest of the meat, being carefully scattered here and there so that they could not be identified. When he came home that night he was in a very somber mood, having begun to see at last how those might be right who had laughed at him for his faith in America.

Korean cattle: 소, 가축, 해충, 말, 짐승 같은 놈들, 개새끼들, 축우. cow: 암소, 암컷, 으르다, 단정치 못한 여자, 위협하다, 겁을 먹게하다, 젖소, 축우. everyday: 일상의, 매일의. fodder: 마초, 가축의 먹이, 꼴, 사료, 병사들. freight: 운송화물, 화물을싣다, 화물수송, 출하하다, 적하, 운임, 수상화물수송, 화물의, 용선, 화물,

화물 열차. nonchalance: 아랑곳하지 않음, 냉담, 무관심, 무심함. saving: 저금, 구조, 절약, 절약하는, 구제, 제외하는, 저축, 을 더는, 보상, 구하는, 외에는. slide: 미끄러짐, 사태, 슬라이드, 미끄러지다, 활주, 스르르 빠져들다, 단층, 슬라이딩, 미끄러 떨어뜨리는 대, 미끄러져 가다, 산사태. somber: 어둠침침한, 우울한, 음침한,

거무스름한, 침울한, 거무칙칙한. stroll: 산책하다, 산책, 어슬렁어슬렁 거닐기, 을 어슬렁어슬렁 거닐다, 어슬렁어슬렁 거닐다, 방랑하다, 유랑하다, 한가롭게 이리저리 거닐다, 한가롭게 거닐다, 떠돌아다니다, 어슬렁어슬렁 걷기. trice: 순간, 끌어올리다, 끌어 올려서 묶다, 밧줄로 달아 올리다. whoever: 하는 사람은 누구든, 도대체 누가, 누구나, 도대체 누구를.

70

The Jungle

CHAPTER 6

Jurgis%and Ona were very much in love; they had waited a long time— it was now well into the second year, and Jurgis judged everything by the criterion of its helping or hindering their union. All his thoughts were there; he accepted the family because it was a part of Ona. And he was interested in the house because it was to be Ona's home. Even the tricks and cruelties he saw at Durham's had little meaning for him just then, save as they might happen to affect his future with Ona. The marriage would have been at once, if they had had their way; but this would mean that they would have to do without any wedding feast, and when they suggested this they came into conflict with the old people. To Teta Elzbieta especially the very suggestion was an affliction. What! she would cry. To be married on the roadside like a parcel of beggars! No! No!—Elzbieta had some traditions behind her; she had been a person of importance in her girlhood—had lived on a big estate and had servants, and might have married well and been a lady, but for the fact that there had been nine daughters and no sons in the family. Even so, however, she knew what was decent, and clung to her traditions with desperation. They were not going to lose all caste, even if they had come to be unskilled laborers in Packingtown; and that Ona had even talked of omitting a Yeselija was enough to keep her stepmother lying awake all night. It was in vain for them to say that they had so few friends; they were bound to

Korean affliction: 고통, 고민거리, 괴로움, 병, 불행의 원인, 고뇌. caste: 카스트, 배타적계급, 카스트제도, 폐쇄적 사회제도, 계급, 사회적지위, 사회적 지위, 배타적 특권. desperation: 절망, 자포자기, 기를 씀, 필사. feast: 축연, 잔치를 베풀다, 대접, 대접을 받다, 즐거움, 즐기다, 경연, 기쁘게 하다, 마음껏 즐기다, 잔치에

참석하다, 즐겁게 하는 것. parcel: 꾸러미, 한 떼, 소포, 한 뭉치, 분배하다, 소포로 하다, 소화물, 한 구획, 나누다, 일부분, 한 획의 토지. roadside: 길가, 노변, 길가의, 대로변, 대로변의. stepmother: 의붓어머니, 계모, 의붓어미. unskilled: 익숙하지못한, 숙련이필요치않은, 숙달하지 않은. vain: 헛된, 쓸데 없는, 공허한,

자부심이 강한, 헛되게, 경솔하게, 가치없는, 자만심이 강한, 속절없는.

Upton Sinclair

71

have friends in time, and then the friends would talk about it. They must not give up what was right for a little money—if they did, the money would never do them any good, they could depend upon that. And Elzbieta would call upon Dede Antanas to support her; there was a fear in the souls of these two, lest this journey to a new country might somehow undermine the old home virtues of their children. The very first Sunday they had all been taken to mass; and poor as they were, Elzbieta had felt it advisable to invest a little of her resources in a representation of the babe of Bethlehem, made in plaster, and painted in brilliant colors. Though it was only a foot high, there was a shrine with four snow-white steeples, and the Virgin standing with her child in her arms, and the kings and shepherds and wise men bowing down before him. It had cost fifty cents; but Elzbieta had a feeling that money spent for such things was not to be counted too closely, it would come back in hidden ways. The piece was beautiful on the parlor mantel, and one could not have a home without some sort of ornament.% The cost of the wedding feast would, of course, be returned to them; but the problem was to raise it even temporarily. They had been in the neighborhood so short a time that they could not get much credit, and there was no one except Szedvilas from whom they could borrow even a little. Evening after evening Jurgis and Ona would sit and figure the expenses, calculating the term of their separation. They could not possibly manage it decently for less than two hundred dollars, and even though they were welcome to count in the whole of the earnings of Marija and Jonas, as a loan, they could not hope to raise this sum in less than four or five months. So Ona began thinking of seeking employment herself, saying that if she had even ordinarily good luck, she might be able to take two months off the time. They were just beginning to adjust themselves to this necessity, when out of the clear sky there fell a thunderbolt upon them—a calamity that scattered all their hopes to the four winds. About a block away from them there lived another Lithuanian family, consisting of an elderly widow and one grown son; their name was Majauszkis, and our friends struck up an acquaintance with them before long. One evening they came over for a visit, and naturally the first subject upon which the

Korean adjust: 조정하다, 화해시키다, 맞추다, 정리하다, 순응하다, 조정되다, 조절하다. advisable: 현명한, 권할 만한, 적당한, 분별있는, 분별 있는, 타당한. babe: 숫보기, 아기. calculating: 계산하는, 타산적인, 빈틈없는, 계산용의. decently: 친절하게, 볼썽사납지 않게, 상당히, 예의바르게, 훌륭하게, 품위 있게, 제법, 적절하게, 괜찮게,

점잖게, 품위있게. lest: 을 두려워하여, 하지 않도록, 하지나 않을까 하고. mantel: 벽로 선반, 벽로의 앞 장식, 벽로의 장식, 벽난로의 앞장식, 벽난로 선반. ordinarily: 대개, 보통, 그만하게, 보통 정도로, 보통으로. shrine: 묘, 신전, 성체 용기, 사당, 감실에 모시다, 감실, 성당, 성물함, 을 사당에 모시다, 성골함, 전당.

temporarily: 일시적으로, 임시로. thunderbolt: 벼락, 청천 병력, 뇌전, 성미가 벼락 같은 사람, 번개. undermine: 밑에 갱도를 파다, 서서히 해치다, 은밀히 손상시키다, 의 밑에 파다, 토대를 침식시키다, 몰래 손상시키다, 의 밑을 파다, 의 뿌리를 침식하다, 의 토대를 침식하다. widow: 미망인, 과부, 과부로 만들다, 아내를여윈, 돌리고 남은 패, 빼앗다, 샴페인 술, 과부가 되게 하다.

72

The Jungle

conversation turned was the neighborhood and its history; and then Grandmother Majauszkiene, as the old lady was called, proceeded to recite to them a string of horrors that fairly froze their blood. She was a wrinkled-up and wizened personage—she must have been eighty—and as she mumbled the grim story through her toothless gums, she seemed a very old witch to them. Grandmother Majauszkiene had lived in the midst of misfortune so long that it had come to be her element, and she talked about starvation, sickness, and death as other people might about weddings and holidays.% The thing came gradually. In the first place as to the house they had bought, it was not new at all, as they had supposed; it was about fifteen years old, and there was nothing new upon it but the paint, which was so bad that it needed to be put on new every year or two. The house was one of a whole row that was built by a company which existed to make money by swindling poor people. The family had paid fifteen hundred dollars for it, and it had not cost the builders five hundred, when it was new. Grandmother Majauszkiene knew that because her son belonged to a political organization with a contractor who put up exactly such houses. They used the very flimsiest and cheapest material; they built the houses a dozen at a time, and they cared about nothing at all except the outside shine. The family could take her word as to the trouble they would have, for she had been through it all—she and her son had bought their house in exactly the same way. They had fooled the company, however, for her son was a skilled man, who made as high as a hundred dollars a month, and as he had had sense enough not to marry, they had been able to pay for the house. Grandmother Majauszkiene saw that her friends were puzzled at this remark; they did not quite see how paying for the house was "fooling the company." Evidently they were very inexperienced. Cheap as the houses were, they were sold with the idea that the people who bought them would not be able to pay for them. When they failed—if it were only by a single month— they would lose the house and all that they had paid on it, and then the company would sell it over again. And did they often get a chance to do that? Dieve! (Grandmother Majauszkiene raised her hands.) They did it—how often no one

Korean dozen: 다스. 바를 몰라, 어쩔 줄을 모르는, evidently: 명백히, 분명히, 보매, 좋은가에 대해 어찌할 바를 몰라. 분명하게, 아무래도. recite: 이야기하다, 암송하다, fifteen: 십오, 열 다섯. 낭송하다, 다시 인용하다, grandmother: 할머니, 어하다, 조모, 문서에자세히 기술하다, 복창하다, 응석을 받다. 열거하다, 읊다, 질문에 구두로 grim: 엄한, 무서운, 불굴의, 험상궂은, 답하다, 말하다, 특히 청중 앞에서 잔인한, 얼굴이 무서운, 완강한. 암송하다. inexperienced: 경험이 없는 서투름, remark: 주의, 말하다, 의견, 주목, 미숙, 무경험, 경험이 없는. 비평, 주의하다, 알아채다, 논평하다, puzzled: 하면 좋은가에 대해 어찌할 말, 감지하다, 유의하다.

shine: 햇빛, 빛나다, 장난, 닦다, 비치다, 빼어나다, 좋아함, 윤기, 애착, 퍼렇게 멍든 눈, 일광. sickness: 병, 역겨움, 구역질, 메스꺼움, 앓음. starvation: 굶주림, 아사, 박봉의. witch: 마녀, 마법을 쓰다, 마녀의, 호리다, 매혹적인 여자, 못된 할멈, 쭈그렁 할멈, 매혹하다, 보기 흉한 노파, 아주 매력 있는 여자. wizened: 시든.

Upton Sinclair

73

could say, but certainly more than half of the time. They might ask any one who knew anything at all about Packingtown as to that; she had been living here ever since this house was built, and she could tell them all about it. And had it ever been sold before? Susimilkie! Why, since it had been built, no less than four families that their informant could name had tried to buy it and failed. She would tell them a little about it.% The first family had been Germans. The families had all been of different nationalities—there had been a representative of several races that had displaced each other in the stockyards. Grandmother Majauszkiene had come to America with her son at a time when so far as she knew there was only one other Lithuanian family in the district; the workers had all been Germans then—skilled cattle butchers that the packers had brought from abroad to start the business. Afterward, as cheaper labor had come, these Germans had moved away. The next were the Irish—there had been six or eight years when Packingtown had been a regular Irish city. There were a few colonies of them still here, enough to run all the unions and the police force and get all the graft; but most of those who were working in the packing houses had gone away at the next drop in wages— after the big strike. The Bohemians had come then, and after them the Poles. People said that old man Durham himself was responsible for these immigrations; he had sworn that he would fix the people of Packingtown so that they would never again call a strike on him, and so he had sent his agents into every city and village in Europe to spread the tale of the chances of work and high wages at the stockyards. The people had come in hordes; and old Durham had squeezed them tighter and tighter, speeding them up and grinding them to pieces and sending for new ones. The Poles, who had come by tens of thousands, had been driven to the wall by the Lithuanians, and now the Lithuanians were giving way to the Slovaks. Who there was poorer and more miserable than the Slovaks, Grandmother Majauszkiene had no idea, but the packers would find them, never fear. It was easy to bring them, for wages were really much higher, and it was only when it was too late that the poor people found out that everything else was higher too. They were like rats in a trap, that was the truth; and more of them were piling in every day. By and by they would

Korean abroad: 널리, 해외에, 틀려서, 퍼져서, 집 밖에, 밖에, 집 밖으로, 잘못하여, 외국으로, 본거지 외에서, 국외로. agents: 자치령 대표, 자치령주 대표. drop: 낙하, 듣게하다, 소량, 드롭스, 물방울, 한방울, 낮아지다, 눈깔사탕, 그치다, 그만두다, 죽이다. fix: 고정시키다, 결정하다, 수리하다, 준비하다, 집중시키다, 정착시키다, 조리하다, 지우다, 곤경, 마련하다, 위치.

grinding: 가는, 갈기, 삐걱거리는, 제분, 지루한, 매우 아픈, 압제의, 주입식 교수, 타기, 타는, 힘드는. informant: 통지자, 밀고자, 보고자, 정보제공자, 밀고자피조사자, 피조사자. miserable: 비참한, 불쌍한, 초라한, 딱한, 빈약한, 천박한. piling: 말뚝 박기, 말뚝박기, 말뚝감, 말뚝, 말뚝 박기공사. races: 경마 대회.

representative: 전형적인, 대리인, 대표물, 대표적인, 전형, 대표자, 대리의, 견본, 대표하는, 유사물, 국회의원. speeding: 속도위반, 속도를 위반한, 고속으로 움직이는, 고속 진행. sworn: 맹세한, 선서한. tale: 이야기, 총수, 거짓말, 험담, 전체, 수, 소문, 비밀을 퍼뜨리다, 고자질, 계산, 객담. wages: 임금, 죄값.

74

The Jungle

have their revenge, though, for the thing was getting beyond human endurance, and the people would rise and murder the packers. Grandmother Majauszkiene was a socialist, or some such strange thing; another son of hers was working in the mines of Siberia, and the old lady herself had made speeches in her time— which made her seem all the more terrible to her present auditors.% They called her back to the story of the house. The German family had been a good sort. To be sure there had been a great many of them, which was a common failing in Packingtown; but they had worked hard, and the father had been a steady man, and they had a good deal more than half paid for the house. But he had been killed in an elevator accident in Durham's. Then there had come the Irish, and there had been lots of them, too; the husband drank and beat the children—the neighbors could hear them shrieking any night. They were behind with their rent all the time, but the company was good to them; there was some politics back of that, Grandmother Majauszkiene could not say just what, but the Laffertys had belonged to the "War Whoop League," which was a sort of political club of all the thugs and rowdies in the district; and if you belonged to that, you could never be arrested for anything. Once upon a time old Lafferty had been caught with a gang that had stolen cows from several of the poor people of the neighborhood and butchered them in an old shanty back of the yards and sold them. He had been in jail only three days for it, and had come out laughing, and had not even lost his place in the packing house. He had gone all to ruin with the drink, however, and lost his power; one of his sons, who was a good man, had kept him and the family up for a year or two, but then he had got sick with consumption. That was another thing, Grandmother Majauszkiene interrupted herself— this house was unlucky. Every family that lived in it, some one was sure to get consumption. Nobody could tell why that was; there must be something about the house, or the way it was built—some folks said it was because the building had been begun in the dark of the moon. There were dozens of houses that way in Packingtown. Sometimes there would be a particular room that you could point out—if anybody slept in that room he was just as good as dead. With this

Korean dozens: 상대방 가족에 대한 농담을 하는 게임. endurance: 인내, 내구성, 지구력. failing: 실패, 이 없어서, 결점, 부족, 이 없을 경우에는, 약점, 애 없는 경우에는, 쇠약, 낙제, 파산, 실패의. hers: 그 여자의 것. interrupted: 중단된, 가로막힌, 단속적인, 중절된. jail: 교도소, 구치소, 투옥하다, 구류. laughing: 우스운, 기쁜듯한, 웃는,

웃을, 웃고 있는, 웃을 만한, 웃음. 오두막집, 얻어맞아 멍이 든 moon: 달, 멍하니 시간을 보내다, 눈언저리. 위성-멍하니 바라보다, 위성, 멍하니 socialist: 사회주의자, 사회당원, 바라보다, 행성의 위성, 초승달 사회당의, 사회주의의, 노동당원. 모양의 것, 월광, 빈둥거리다, 멍하니 steady: 침착한, 착실한, 흔들리지 보내다, 일개월. 않는, 변치 않는, 간단없는, 이미 revenge: 원한, 복수하다, 복수심, 정해진친구, 한결같은, 꾸준한, 견고 앙갚음, 원수를 갚다, 복수, 보복, 하게 하다, 견고한, 안정시키다. 설욕의 기회, 복수의 기회, 원한을 unlucky: 불길한, 공교로운, 불행을 갚다, 의 복수를 하다. 가져오는, 불행한, 잘되지 않는, shanty: 선술집, 오두막, 뱃노래, 계제가 나쁜, 불운한.

Upton Sinclair

75

house it had been the Irish first; and then a Bohemian family had lost a child of it— though, to be sure, that was uncertain, since it was hard to tell what was the matter with children who worked in the yards. In those days there had been no law about the age of children—the packers had worked all but the babies. At this remark the family looked puzzled, and Grandmother Majauszkiene again had to make an explanation—that it was against the law for children to work before they were sixteen. What was the sense of that? they asked. They had been thinking of letting little Stanislovas go to work. Well, there was no need to worry, Grandmother Majauszkiene said—the law made no difference except that it forced people to lie about the ages of their children. One would like to know what the lawmakers expected them to do; there were families that had no possible means of support except the children, and the law provided them no other way of getting a living. Very often a man could get no work in Packingtown for months, while a child could go and get a place easily; there was always some new machine, by which the packers could get as much work out of a child as they had been able to get out of a man, and for a third of the pay.% To come back to the house again, it was the woman of the next family that had died. That was after they had been there nearly four years, and this woman had had twins regularly every year—and there had been more than you could count when they moved in. After she died the man would go to work all day and leave them to shift for themselves—the neighbors would help them now and then, for they would almost freeze to death. At the end there were three days that they were alone, before it was found out that the father was dead. He was a "floorsman" at Jones's, and a wounded steer had broken loose and mashed him against a pillar. Then the children had been taken away, and the company had sold the house that very same week to a party of emigrants. So this grim old women went on with her tale of horrors. How much of it was exaggeration—who could tell? It was only too plausible. There was that about consumption, for instance. They knew nothing about consumption whatever, except that it made people cough; and for two weeks they had been worrying about a coughing-spell of Antanas. It seemed to shake him all over,

Korean consumption: 소비, 소모, 폐병, 소진, 소비의, 소비량, 소모병, 결핵, 폐병의. cough: 기침, 기침하다, 불연소음을 내다, 을 마지못해 건네다, 을 마지못해 털어놓다, 기침병, 죄를 자백하다, 기침소리, 불연소음, 기침 소리를 내다, 헛기침하다. freeze: 동결시키다, 얼다, 얼게하다, 섬뜩하다, 동결, 얼어죽다, 얼어 죽다, 혹한, 얼음이 얼다, 결빙, 결빙기.

instance: 경우, 보기로 들다, 소송, 예, 권고, 권유, 실례, 시사, 제의, 보기실례, 부탁. pillar: 기둥, 주석, 기둥 모양의 것, 기둥 모양의 우체통, 기둥으로 받치다, 붉은 기둥 모양의 우체통. plausible: 그럴 듯한, 말솜씨가 좋은, 그럴듯한. shake: 악수하다, 휘두르다, 떨어버리다, 흔들다, 흔들어 깨우다, 흩뿌리다, 흔들어 떨어뜨리다,

진동하다, 전음을 쓰다, 흔들리게 하다, 떨다. twins: 쌍. uncertain: 불확실한, 일정치 않은, 흔들거리는, 믿을 수 없는, 분명치 않은, 의심스러운, 변하기 쉬운, 확신이 없는, 확정되지 않은. worrying: 귀찮은, 걱정되는, 성가신, 애타는. wounded: 부상한, 상처입은, 부상자들.

76

The Jungle

and it never stopped; you could see a red stain wherever he had spit upon the floor.% And yet all these things were as nothing to what came a little later. They had begun to question the old lady as to why one family had been unable to pay, trying to show her by figures that it ought to have been possible; and Grandmother Majauszkiene had disputed their figures— "You say twelve dollars a month; but that does not include the interest." Then they stared at her. "Interest!" they cried. "Interest on the money you still owe," she answered. "But we don't have to pay any interest!" they exclaimed, three or four at once. "We only have to pay twelve dollars each month." And for this she laughed at them. "You are like all the rest," she said; "they trick you and eat you alive. They never sell the houses without interest. Get your deed, and see." Then, with a horrible sinking of the heart, Teta Elzbieta unlocked her bureau and brought out the paper that had already caused them so many agonies. Now they sat round, scarcely breathing, while the old lady, who could read English, ran over it. "Yes," she said, finally, "here it is, of course: 'With interest thereon monthly, at the rate of seven per cent per annum.'" And there followed a dead silence. "What does that mean?" asked Jurgis finally, almost in a whisper. "That means," replied the other, "that you have to pay them seven dollars next month, as well as the twelve dollars." Then again there was not a sound. It was sickening, like a nightmare, in which suddenly something gives way beneath you, and you feel yourself sinking, sinking, down into bottomless abysses. As if in a flash of lightning they saw themselves—victims of a relentless fate, cornered, trapped, in the grip of destruction. All the fair structure of their hopes came crashing about their ears.—And all the time the old woman was going on talking. They wished that she would be still; her voice sounded like the croaking of some dismal raven. Jurgis sat with his hands clenched and beads of perspiration on his forehead,

Korean bottomless: 바닥의, 앉는 부분이 없는, 밑바닥 없는, 누드의, 의자의 부분이 없는. cent: 센트, 백, 동전 한닢, 푼돈, 동전 한 닢의 값어치, 동전 한 닢. cornered: 구석에 몰린, 한 모서리의, 진퇴 양난의. crashing: 완전한, 철저한, 특별한, 예외적인, 두려울만한, 두려운, 놀라울만한, 최고의. dismal: 쓸쓸한, 음침한, 무시무시한,

참담한, 어두운, 비참한. forehead: 이마, 전부, 앞부분, 부분, 앞 부분. raven: 새까만, 갈가마귀, 약탈하다, 큰까마귀, 약탈, 칠흑 같은, 찾아 다니다, 노략질하다, 게걸스럽게 먹다, 갈가마귀 새까만, 마구 먹어대다. relentless: 잔인한, 냉혹한, 가차없는, 무자비한. sinking: 가라앉음, 내려앉는, 쇠약

가라앉는, 쇠퇴하는, 가라앉는. spit: 뱉다, 내뱉듯이 말하다, 곶, 한두 송이씩 흩날리다, 꿰찌르다, 돌출한 모래톱, 후두두 후두두 내리다, 성나서 그렁거림, 성나서 그르렁거리다, 제거품, 굽는 꼬챙이. stain: 얼룩, 오점, 더러워지다, 착색, 착색하다, 흠, 더럽히다, 손상시키다, 얼룩지다, 얼룩을 묻히다, 더럼. thereon: 그 위에, 그 즉시, 그 후 즉시. unable: 할 수 없는, 무력한.

Upton Sinclair

77

and there was a great lump in Ona's throat, choking her. Then suddenly Teta Elzbieta broke the silence with a wail, and Marija began to wring her hands and sob, "Ai! Ai! Beda man!" All their outcry did them no good, of course. There sat Grandmother Majauszkiene, unrelenting, typifying fate. No, of course it was not fair, but then fairness had nothing to do with it. And of course they had not known it. They had not been intended to know it. But it was in the deed, and that was all that was necessary, as they would find when the time came.% Somehow or other they got rid of their guest, and then they passed a night of lamentation. The children woke up and found out that something was wrong, and they wailed and would not be comforted. In the morning, of course, most of them had to go to work, the packing houses would not stop for their sorrows; but by seven o'clock Ona and her stepmother were standing at the door of the office of the agent. Yes, he told them, when he came, it was quite true that they would have to pay interest. And then Teta Elzbieta broke forth into protestations and reproaches, so that the people outside stopped and peered in at the window. The agent was as bland as ever. He was deeply pained, he said. He had not told them, simply because he had supposed they would understand that they had to pay interest upon their debt, as a matter of course. So they came away, and Ona went down to the yards, and at noontime saw Jurgis and told him. Jurgis took it stolidly—he had made up his mind to it by this time. It was part of fate; they would manage it somehow— he made his usual answer, "I will work harder." It would upset their plans for a time; and it would perhaps be necessary for Ona to get work after all. Then Ona added that Teta Elzbieta had decided that little Stanislovas would have to work too. It was not fair to let Jurgis and her support the family—the family would have to help as it could. Previously Jurgis had scouted this idea, but now knit his brows and nodded his head slowly—yes, perhaps it would be best; they would all have to make some sacrifices now. So Ona set out that day to hunt for work; and at night Marija came home saying that she had met a girl named Jasaityte who had a friend that worked in

Korean bland: 부드러운, 온화한, 상냥한, 기분 좋은, 순한, 김빠진, 자극성이 적은. choking: 숨막히는, 숨막힘, 목이 멘 듯한 숨막힘, 목메는 듯한, 색류의. fairness: 공평, 살결이 흼, 예쁨, 공명 정대, 금빛. fate: 운명, 운, 죽음, 숙명, 파멸, 운명의 삼여신. knit: 뜨다, 찌푸리다, 밀착시키다, 짜다, 편물하다, 접합하다, 뜨개질을 하다, 합하다, 눈살을 찌푸리다,

팔자로 찌푸려 지다. 굽힐줄모르는, 무자비한, 가차없는, lump: 덩어리, 참다, 견디다, 용서없는. 덩어리지다, 많음, 어슬렁어슬렁 wail: 울부짖다, 비탄하다, 울부짖는 걷다, 총체로, 덩어리로 만들다, 혹, 소리, 처량하게 울리는 소리, 구슬픈 땅딸보, 멍청이. 소리를 내다, 비탄, 한탄하다, named: 유명한, 지명된, 지정의. 울부짖듯 윙윙대는 소리. outcry: 외침, 경매, 떠들썩함, 보다 큰 woke: 과거분사. 소리로 외치다, 야료하다, 항의. wring: 짜다, 꽉 쥐다, 비틀다, 짜기, pained: 아파하는, 감정이 상한, 싱처 괴롭히다, 짜내다, 감다, 짬, 입은, 화난. 왜곡하다, 손을 꽉 쥠, 과즙 짜는 unrelenting: 용서 없는, 기계.

78

The Jungle

one of the wrapping rooms in Brown's, and might get a place for Ona there; only the forelady was the kind that takes presents—it was no use for any one to ask her for a place unless at the same time they slipped a ten-dollar bill into her hand. Jurgis was not in the least surprised at this now—he merely asked what the wages of the place would be. So negotiations were opened, and after an interview Ona came home and reported that the forelady seemed to like her, and had said that, while she was not sure, she thought she might be able to put her at work sewing covers on hams, a job at which she would earn as much as eight or ten dollars a week. That was a bid, so Marija reported, after consulting her friend; and then there was an anxious conference at home. The work was done in one of the cellars, and Jurgis did not want Ona to work in such a place; but then it was easy work, and one could not have everything. So in the end Ona, with a ten-dollar bill burning a hole in her palm, had another interview with the forelady.% Meantime Teta Elzbieta had taken Stanislovas to the priest and gotten a certificate to the effect that he was two years older than he was; and with it the little boy now sallied forth to make his fortune in the world. It chanced that Durham had just put in a wonderful new lard machine, and when the special policeman in front of the time station saw Stanislovas and his document, he smiled to himself and told him to go—"Czia! Czia!" pointing. And so Stanislovas went down a long stone corridor, and up a flight of stairs, which took him into a room lighted by electricity, with the new machines for filling lard cans at work in it. The lard was finished on the floor above, and it came in little jets, like beautiful, wriggling, snow-white snakes of unpleasant odor. There were several kinds and sizes of jets, and after a certain precise quantity had come out, each stopped automatically, and the wonderful machine made a turn, and took the can under another jet, and so on, until it was filled neatly to the brim, and pressed tightly, and smoothed off. To attend to all this and fill several hundred cans of lard per hour, there were necessary two human creatures, one of whom knew how to place an empty lard can on a certain spot every few seconds, and the other of whom knew how to take a full lard can off a certain spot every few seconds and set it upon a tray.

Korean brim: 가장자리, 양테, 가득채우다, 넘치다, 그릇의 가장자리, 가득 붓다. consulting: 자문의, 진찰 전문의, 잔찰을 위한, 진찰의, 고문의. corridor: 복도, 회랑, 회랑지대, 회랑 지대. filling: 충전, 충전재, 속에 넣는 것, 쌓아 올린 흙. fortune: 행운, 부, 운, 재산, 운명, 운수, 재산을 주다, 우연히 일어나다, 운명의 여신.

jet: 제트기, 분출구, 혹옥, 제트엔진, 바르기, 정확한 조준, 구두법. 사출, 분출, 분사, 분사하다, priest: 성직자, 목사, 사제, 성직자로 분출하다, 제트기의, 제트기에서의. 만들다, 목사에 임명하다, 봉사자, lighted: 불이 켜진. 성직자로 임명하다, 목사로 임명하다, neatly: 교묘하게, 깔끔하게, 맵시있게, 목사로 만들다. 산뜻하게, 말쑥하게. quantity: 다량, 분량, 양, 수량, palm: 손바닥, 승리, 우승하다, 다량으로, 다수, 어떤 특정의 분량, 종려나무의 가지, 종려, 장갑의 양적인, 양을 나타낸는 숫자, 양을 손바닥, 야자, 손바닥 모양의 부분, 나타낸는 부호. 속여서 안기다, 수척, 종려나무. tray: 쟁반, 얕은 접시, 칸막이 상자, pointing: 뾰족하게 함, 지시, 메지 장애물 치우개.

Upton Sinclair

79

And%so, after little Stanislovas had stood gazing timidly about him for a few minutes, a man approached him, and asked what he wanted, to which Stanislovas said, "Job." Then the man said "How old?" and Stanislovas answered, "Sixtin." Once or twice every year a state inspector would come wandering through the packing plants, asking a child here and there how old he was; and so the packers were very careful to comply with the law, which cost them as much trouble as was now involved in the boss's taking the document from the little boy, and glancing at it, and then sending it to the office to be filed away. Then he set some one else at a different job, and showed the lad how to place a lard can every time the empty arm of the remorseless machine came to him; and so was decided the place in the universe of little Stanislovas, and his destiny till the end of his days. Hour after hour, day after day, year after year, it was fated that he should stand upon a certain square foot of floor from seven in the morning until noon, and again from half-past twelve till half-past five, making never a motion and thinking never a thought, save for the setting of lard cans. In summer the stench of the warm lard would be nauseating, and in winter the cans would all but freeze to his naked little fingers in the unheated cellar. Half the year it would be dark as night when he went in to work, and dark as night again when he came out, and so he would never know what the sun looked like on weekdays. And for this, at the end of the week, he would carry home three dollars to his family, being his pay at the rate of five cents per hour—just about his proper share of the total earnings of the million and three-quarters of children who are now engaged in earning their livings in the United States. And meantime, because they were young, and hope is not to be stifled before its time, Jurgis and Ona were again calculating; for they had discovered that the wages of Stanislovas would a little more than pay the interest, which left them just about as they had been before! It would be but fair to them to say that the little boy was delighted with his work, and at the idea of earning a lot of money; and also that the two were very much in love with each other.

Korean cellar: 지하실, 석탄 저장소, 포도주 저장, 최하위, 포도주 저장실, 저장 포도주, 움, 지하실에 저장하다, 지하실에 저정하다, 땅광. comply: 따르다, 응하다, 승낙하다. delighted: 기쁜, 매우 즐거운. engaged: 바쁜, 약속된, 교전중인, 고용된, 약혼중인, 용무중인, 통화중인, 약혼인, 연동의, 종사하는, 벽에 반쯤 묻힌. fated: 숙명적인, 저주받은, 운명

지워진, 운명이 정해진. filed: 선청하는, 제기하는, 더럽히는, 도야하는, 전송하는, 줄로 자르는, 철하는, 열을 지어 행진하는. glancing: 번쩍번쩍 빛나는, 넌지시 빗대는, 맞고 빗나가는, 번쩍이는, 번뜩이는. inspector: 경위, 검사관, 장학사, 조사자, 검사자, 감독, 시찰자, 검열관. lad: 젊은이, 소년, 남자, 녀석,

일반적으로 남자. naked: 적나라한, 벌거벗은, 잎이 없는, 무방비의, 있는 그대로의, 꾸밈없는, 안경등에 의존하지 않은, 벌거숭이의, 드러난, 나체의, 가리개 없는. nauseating: 몹시 싫은, 욕지기나는, 메스꺼워질 것 같은, 지겨운. timidly: 소심하게, 겁많게, 마음이 약해서. weekdays: 평일에.

80

The Jungle

CHAPTER 7

All summer long the family toiled, and in the fall they had money enough for Jurgis and Ona to be married according to home traditions of decency. In the latter part of November they hired a hall, and invited all their new acquaintances, who came and left them over a hundred dollars in debt.% It was a bitter and cruel experience, and it plunged them into an agony of despair. Such a time, of all times, for them to have it, when their hearts were made tender! Such a pitiful beginning it was for their married life; they loved each other so, and they could not have the briefest respite! It was a time when everything cried out to them that they ought to be happy; when wonder burned in their hearts, and leaped into flame at the slightest breath. They were shaken to the depths of them, with the awe of love realized—and was it so very weak of them that they cried out for a little peace? They had opened their hearts, like flowers to the springtime, and the merciless winter had fallen upon them. They wondered if ever any love that had blossomed in the world had been so crushed and trampled! Over them, relentless and savage, there cracked the lash of want; the morning after the wedding it sought them as they slept, and drove them out before daybreak to work. Ona was scarcely able to stand with exhaustion; but if she were to lose her place they would be ruined, and she would surely lose it if she were not on time that day. They all had to go, even little Stanislovas, who

Korean awe: 외경하다, 경외, 두려움. cracked: 금이 간, 깨진, 갈라진, 미친, 떨어진, 변성한, 손상된, 모소리가 변한, 뻐개진, 쉰, 어리석은. crushed: 진압하는, 압착하는, 쑤셔 넣는, 서로 밀고 들어가는, 밀어 넣는, 무너지는, 눌러 부수는, 궤멸시키는, 구김살투성이로 만드는. daybreak: 새벽, 동틀녘. depths: 깊은 곳. despair: 절망, 절망의 근원, 절망하다,

자포자기. flame: 정열, 애인, 발끈하다, 광휘, 정열을 드러내다, 빛나다, 불길, 훨훨타다, 화염, 불꽃, 태우다. hired: 고용한, 빌린, 삯주는. lash: 채찍질하다, 세차게 움직이다, 비난, 챗열, 채찍질, 빈정댐, 비꼼, 충격, 부딪치다, 빈정대다, 묶다. pitiful: 불쌍한, 인정 많은, 비루한, 가련하게 여겨야 할, 인정이 많은, 불쌍히 여겨야 할, 동정심이 많은.

respite: 유예, 연기, 휴식, 일시적 중지, 에게 형의 집행을 유예하다, 상환 독촉을 유예하다, 일시적으로 덜어주다, 정지하다, 집행유예, 휴식기간, 휴지. savage: 야만적인, 야만인, 잔인, 사나운, 잔인한, 황량한, 세련되지 못한, 최고의, 야만적인 사람, 물어 뜯다, 나체의. springtime: 봄, 청춘, 초기.

Upton Sinclair

81

was ill from overindulgence in sausages and sarsaparilla. All that day he stood at his lard machine, rocking unsteadily, his eyes closing in spite of him; and he all but lost his place even so, for the foreman booted him twice to waken him.% It was fully a week before they were all normal again, and meantime, with whining children and cross adults, the house was not a pleasant place to live in. Jurgis lost his temper very little, however, all things considered. It was because of Ona; the least glance at her was always enough to make him control himself. She was so sensitive—she was not fitted for such a life as this; and a hundred times a day, when he thought of her, he would clench his hands and fling himself again at the task before him. She was too good for him, he told himself, and he was afraid, because she was his. So long he had hungered to possess her, but now that the time had come he knew that he had not earned the right; that she trusted him so was all her own simple goodness, and no virtue of his. But he was resolved that she should never find this out, and so was always on the watch to see that he did not betray any of his ugly self; he would take care even in little matters, such as his manners, and his habit of swearing when things went wrong. The tears came so easily into Ona's eyes, and she would look at him so appealingly—it kept Jurgis quite busy making resolutions, in addition to all the other things he had on his mind. It was true that more things were going on at this time in the mind of Jurgis than ever had in all his life before. He had to protect her, to do battle for her against the horror he saw about them. He was all that she had to look to, and if he failed she would be lost; he would wrap his arms about her, and try to hide her from the world. He had learned the ways of things about him now. It was a war of each against all, and the devil take the hindmost. You did not give feasts to other people, you waited for them to give feasts to you. You went about with your soul full of suspicion and hatred; you understood that you were environed by hostile powers that were trying to get your money, and who used all the virtues to bait their traps with. The store- keepers plastered up their windows with all sorts of lies to entice you; the very fences by the wayside, the lampposts and telegraph poles, were pasted over with lies. The great corporation which employed you lied to

Korean bait: 미끼, 먹이를 먹다, 미끼를 달다, 매어 둔 짐승을 시켜서 곯리다, 마초를 주다, 휴식, 개를 시켜서 곯리다. betray: 나타내다, 누설하다, 배반하다, 저버리다, 유괴하다, 배신하다, 팔다, 속이다, 무심코 드러내다, 거역하다, 에 위배하다. entice: 꾀다, 유혹하다, 미끼, 유혹. fling: 시도, 내던지다, 돌진하다, 뿌리다, 메어치다, 방종, 갑자기

내뻗다, 태질치다, 욕, 발질, 시험. foreman: 십장, 배심장, 직공장. goodness: 친절, 미덕, 선량함, 좋음, 신, 선량, 미점. hindmost: 맨 뒤의. lied: 가곡, 리드. manners: 예의, 예절, 풍습. overindulgence: 방종, 제멋대로 방임함, 제멋대로 함, 탐닉, 지나치게 웅석을 받아 줌. sarsaparilla: 그 뿌리, 그 뿌리를

가미한 탄산수, 청미래덩굴속의 식물. telegraph: 전신, 타전하다, 통신, 전신기, 전보로 부치다, 신호하다, 속보 게시판, 돈 등을 부치다, 넌지시 알리다, 전보를 치다. unsteadily: 미덥지 못하게, 불안정하게. wayside: 길가, 길가의, 노변. wrap: 싸다, 두르다, 가리다, 몸을 싸는 것, 어깨 두르개, 감싸다, 끝내다, 휩싸이다, 감기다, 감추다, 구속.

82

The Jungle

you, and lied to the whole country—from top to bottom it was nothing but one gigantic lie.% So Jurgis said that he understood it; and yet it was really pitiful, for the struggle was so unfair—some had so much the advantage! Here he was, for instance, vowing upon his knees that he would save Ona from harm, and only a week later she was suffering atrociously, and from the blow of an enemy that he could not possibly have thwarted. There came a day when the rain fell in torrents; and it being December, to be wet with it and have to sit all day long in one of the cold cellars of Brown's was no laughing matter. Ona was a working girl, and did not own waterproofs and such things, and so Jurgis took her and put her on the streetcar. Now it chanced that this car line was owned by gentlemen who were trying to make money. And the city having passed an ordinance requiring them to give transfers, they had fallen into a rage; and first they had made a rule that transfers could be had only when the fare was paid; and later, growing still uglier, they had made another—that the passenger must ask for the transfer, the conductor was not allowed to offer it. Now Ona had been told that she was to get a transfer; but it was not her way to speak up, and so she merely waited, following the conductor about with her eyes, wondering when he would think of her. When at last the time came for her to get out, she asked for the transfer, and was refused. Not knowing what to make of this, she began to argue with the conductor, in a language of which he did not understand a word. After warning her several times, he pulled the bell and the car went on— at which Ona burst into tears. At the next corner she got out, of course; and as she had no more money, she had to walk the rest of the way to the yards in the pouring rain. And so all day long she sat shivering, and came home at night with her teeth chattering and pains in her head and back. For two weeks afterward she suffered cruelly— and yet every day she had to drag herself to her work. The forewoman was especially severe with Ona, because she believed that she was obstinate on account of having been refused a holiday the day after her wedding. Ona had an idea that her "forelady" did not like to have her girls marry—perhaps because she was old and ugly and unmarried herself.

Korean afterward: 나중에, 그 후, 뒤에. 느릿느릿나아가다, 느릿느릿걷다. atrociously: 흉악하게, 아주 지독하게, fare: 음식물, 가다, 먹다, 지내다, 승객, 잔악하게. 일어나다, 요금, 여행하다, 대접받다, conductor: 전도체, 지휘자, 안내자, 운임, 되다. 지도자, 피뢰침, 차장, 관리인, 수로 forewoman: 여성배심원장, 도관, 도체, 도선, 경영자. 여성직공장, 여자 배심장, 여자 감독, cruelly: 잔인하게, 몹시, 지독하게, 여자 십장. 잔혹하게. gentlemen: 남자분, 신사, 아마추어 drag: 발을 질질 끌며걷다, 끌리다, 선수, 남자용 화장실, 유산 유한 당기다, 흙다, 써레, 끌기, 느릿느릿 계급의 사람, 귀족이 아니면서 가문을 나아가다, 바퀴 멈추개, 바퀴멈추개, 다는 특권을 가진 사람.

gigantic: 거인 같은, 거대한. knees: 무릎. ordinance: 법령, 의식. pains: 고생. shivering: 몸의 떨림, 전율. ugly: 험악한, 추한, 심술궂은, 위험한, 싸우기 좋아하는, 불쾌한, 못생긴, 지겨운, 잔뜩 찌푸린, 꾀 까다로운, 추악하다. unmarried: 미혼의. wondering: 이상한 듯한.

Upton Sinclair

83

There %were many such dangers, in which the odds were all against them. Their children were not as well as they had been at home; but how could they know that there was no sewer to their house, and that the drainage of fifteen years was in a cesspool under it? How could they know that the pale-blue milk that they bought around the corner was watered, and doctored with formaldehyde besides? When the children were not well at home, Teta Elzbieta would gather herbs and cure them; now she was obliged to go to the drugstore and buy extracts—and how was she to know that they were all adulterated? How could they find out that their tea and coffee, their sugar and flour, had been doctored; that their canned peas had been colored with copper salts, and their fruit jams with aniline dyes? And even if they had known it, what good would it have done them, since there was no place within miles of them where any other sort was to be had? The bitter winter was coming, and they had to save money to get more clothing and bedding; but it would not matter in the least how much they saved, they could not get anything to keep them warm. All the clothing that was to be had in the stores was made of cotton and shoddy, which is made by tearing old clothes to pieces and weaving the fiber again. If they paid higher prices, they might get frills and fanciness, or be cheated; but genuine quality they could not obtain for love nor money. A young friend of Szedvilas', recently come from abroad, had become a clerk in a store on Ashland Avenue, and he narrated with glee a trick that had been played upon an unsuspecting countryman by his boss. The customer had desired to purchase an alarm clock, and the boss had shown him two exactly similar, telling him that the price of one was a dollar and of the other a dollar seventy-five. Upon being asked what the difference was, the man had wound up the first halfway and the second all the way, and showed the customer how the latter made twice as much noise; upon which the customer remarked that he was a sound sleeper, and had better take the more expensive clock! There is a poet who sings that

Korean adulterated: 불순한, 섞음질을 한, 순도가 법정 기준에 반지 않는. aniline: 아닐린, 아닐린의. canned: 녹음된, 술취한, 판에 박힌, 통조림한, 통조림으로 한, 취한, 미리 준비한, 미리 준비된, 동일내용의, 마약을 복용한. cesspool: 불결한 장소, 웅덩이, 구정물, 더러운곳, 오수구덩이, 오물 구덩이, 오수 구덩이. countryman: 동향인, 촌사람, 지방의

주민, 같은 나라 사람, 시골사람, 나사, 재생 모직물, 재생한 털실, 재생 동포. 모직물의, 싸구려 물품. drugstore: 약방, 약국, 드러그스토어. sleeper: 자는 사람, 침대차, 침목, fiber: 섬유질, 수염뿌리, 성격, 단섬유, 뜻밖에 성공하는 사람, 예상 외로 섬유, 강도, 소질. 성공한 것, 잠옷, 슬리퍼 에이전트, formaldehyde: 포름알데히드. 야경, 예상 외로 성공한 사람. glee: 환희, 유쾌, 합창곡, 기쁨, 삼부 unsuspecting: 의심하지 않는, 또는 그 이상의 합창곡, 환회. 신용하는. jams: 수영 팬츠. watered: 물을 탄, 물결 무늬가 있는, shoddy: 가짜, 가짜의, 재생의, 관개된, 불입금 없이 발행한, 물을 굴퉁이의, 재생 털실, 위조품, 재생 뿌린, 물을 댄.

84

The Jungle

"Deeper%their heart grows and nobler their bearing, Whose youth in the fires of anguish hath died." But it was not likely that he had reference to the kind of anguish that comes with destitution, that is so endlessly bitter and cruel, and yet so sordid and petty, so ugly, so humiliating—unredeemed by the slightest touch of dignity or even of pathos. It is a kind of anguish that poets have not commonly dealt with; its very words are not admitted into the vocabulary of poets—the details of it cannot be told in polite society at all. How, for instance, could any one expect to excite sympathy among lovers of good literature by telling how a family found their home alive with vermin, and of all the suffering and inconvenience and humiliation they were put to, and the hard-earned money they spent, in efforts to get rid of them? After long hesitation and uncertainty they paid twenty-five cents for a big package of insect powder—a patent preparation which chanced to be ninety-five per cent gypsum, a harmless earth which had cost about two cents to prepare. Of course it had not the least effect, except upon a few roaches which had the misfortune to drink water after eating it, and so got their inwards set in a coating of plaster of Paris. The family, having no idea of this, and no more money to throw away, had nothing to do but give up and submit to one more misery for the rest of their days. Then there was old Antanas. The winter came, and the place where he worked was a dark, unheated cellar, where you could see your breath all day, and where your fingers sometimes tried to freeze. So the old man's cough grew every day worse, until there came a time when it hardly ever stopped, and he had become a nuisance about the place. Then, too, a still more dreadful thing happened to him; he worked in a place where his feet were soaked in chemicals, and it was not long before they had eaten through his new boots. Then sores began to break out on his feet, and grow worse and worse. Whether it was that his blood was bad, or there had been a cut, he could not say; but he asked the men about it, and learned that it was a regular thing—it was the saltpeter. Every one felt it, sooner or later, and then it was all up with him, at least for that sort of

Korean anguish: 격통, 고뇌. chemicals: 화학 제품, 화학 약품. coating: 코팅, 입힘, 상의용 옷감, 코트, 칠, 입힌 것, 도료, 겉에 입히는 것, 걸칠, 코트 감, 웃옷 감. destitution: 결핍, 빈궁, 결핍 상태. excite: 흥분시키다, 자극하다, 자극하여 일으키다, 선동하다, 설레게 하다, 격려하다, 일으키다, 분기시키다, 여자하다. gypsum: 석고, 깁스, 석고하다.

hard-earned: 애써 얻은. hath: 직설법, 현재. humiliation: 부끄러움, 굴욕, 창피를 줌. inconvenience: 불편, 부자유, 폐, 귀찮음, 불편을 느끼게하다, 불편을 주다, 불편한것, 폐를 끼치다, 귀찮은 일, 불편한 것, 에게 불편을 느끼게 하다. insect: 곤충, 벌레, 곤충인색한, 벌레같은 놈, 비열한, 소인.

inwards: 안으로, 마음속으로, 내부에. patent: 명백한, 특허, 열려 있는, 개방성의, 공유지 양도 증서, 개방되어 있는, 특허권, 전매 특허의, 의 전매 특허를 얻다, 색다른, 독특한 것. pathos: 정감, 애수감, 애틋함을 자아내는 힘, 비애, 비창, 애수를 자아내는 가락, 애수. saltpeter: 초석, 칠레초석, 질산 칼륨. soaked: 스며든, 흠뻑젖은.

Upton Sinclair

85

work. % The sores would never heal—in the end his toes would drop off, if he did not quit. Yet old Antanas would not quit; he saw the suffering of his family, and he remembered what it had cost him to get a job. So he tied up his feet, and went on limping about and coughing, until at last he fell to pieces, all at once and in a heap, like the One-Horse Shay. They carried him to a dry place and laid him on the floor, and that night two of the men helped him home. The poor old man was put to bed, and though he tried it every morning until the end, he never could get up again. He would lie there and cough and cough, day and night, wasting away to a mere skeleton. There came a time when there was so little flesh on him that the bones began to poke through— which was a horrible thing to see or even to think of. And one night he had a choking fit, and a little river of blood came out of his mouth. The family, wild with terror, sent for a doctor, and paid half a dollar to be told that there was nothing to be done. Mercifully the doctor did not say this so that the old man could hear, for he was still clinging to the faith that tomorrow or next day he would be better, and could go back to his job. The company had sent word to him that they would keep it for him—or rather Jurgis had bribed one of the men to come one Sunday afternoon and say they had. Dede Antanas continued to believe it, while three more hemorrhages came; and then at last one morning they found him stiff and cold. Things were not going well with them then, and though it nearly broke Teta Elzbieta's heart, they were forced to dispense with nearly all the decencies of a funeral; they had only a hearse, and one hack for the women and children; and Jurgis, who was learning things fast, spent all Sunday making a bargain for these, and he made it in the presence of witnesses, so that when the man tried to charge him for all sorts of incidentals, he did not have to pay. For twenty-five years old Antanas Rudkus and his son had dwelt in the forest together, and it was hard to part in this way; perhaps it was just as well that Jurgis had to give all his attention to the task of having a funeral without being bankrupted, and so had no time to indulge in memories and grief. Now the dreadful winter was come upon them. In the forests, all summer long, the branches of the trees do battle for light, and some of them lose and die; and then come the raging blasts, and the storms of snow and hail, and strew the

Korean branches: 지점. 쏟아지다, 이라 부르며맞이하다, decencies: 보기 흉하지 않음, 어엿한 큰소리로 부르다, 인사, 환호, 의 생활에 필요한 것, 예절 바름, 관대. 출신이다, 인사하다, 우박, 싸라기눈. dispense: 조제하다, 특면하다, hearse: 영구차, 무덤, 관가, 대형 촉대. 면제하다, 분배하다, 실시하다, 시여 indulge: 빠지다, 탐닉하다, 하다, 분배 하다. 지불유예를 주다, 실컷 마시다, hack: 잘게 썰다, 고용된, 자르다, 어하다, 마음대로 하게하다, 술을 난도질하다, 택시, 삯말을 타다, 삯말, 많이 마시다, 버릇없이 가르다, 승용말, 써서 낡게 한, 쳐서 자르다, 만족시키다, 대사를 베풀다, 파서 헤치다. 기쁘게하다. hail: 싸락눈, 퍼붓다, 빗발치듯 limping: 절뚝거리는.

poke: 게으름뱅이, 주머니, 찌르다, 포켓, 구멍을 찔러서 뚫다, 밀다, 찌름, 자리공, 앞챙이쑥나온여자모자, 와 성교하다-찌르다, 천착하다. raging: 격노한, 맹렬한, 미친듯이 사나운, 사납게 날뛰는, 맹위를 떨치는, 거칠어지는. strew: 흩뿌려 뒤덮다, 흩뿌리다, 표면에 뿌리다. wasting: 소모성의, 황폐하게 하는, 낭비.

86

The Jungle

ground with these weaker branches. Just so it was in Packingtown; the whole district braced itself for the struggle that was an agony, and those whose time was come died off in hordes. All the year round they had been serving as cogs in the great packing machine; and now was the time for the renovating of it, and the replacing of damaged parts. There came pneumonia and grippe, stalking among them, seeking for weakened constitutions; there was the annual harvest of those whom tuberculosis had been dragging down. There came cruel, cold, and biting winds, and blizzards of snow, all testing relentlessly for failing muscles and impoverished blood. Sooner or later came the day when the unfit one did not report for work; and then, with no time lost in waiting, and no inquiries or regrets, there was a chance for a new hand.% The new hands were here by the thousands. All day long the gates of the packing houses were besieged by starving and penniless men; they came, literally, by the thousands every single morning, fighting with each other for a chance for life. Blizzards and cold made no difference to them, they were always on hand; they were on hand two hours before the sun rose, an hour before the work began. Sometimes their faces froze, sometimes their feet and their hands; sometimes they froze all together— but still they came, for they had no other place to go. One day Durham advertised in the paper for two hundred men to cut ice; and all that day the homeless and starving of the city came trudging through the snow from all over its two hundred square miles. That night forty score of them crowded into the station house of the stockyards district—they filled the rooms, sleeping in each other's laps, toboggan fashion, and they piled on top of each other in the corridors, till the police shut the doors and left some to freeze outside. On the morrow, before daybreak, there were three thousand at Durham's, and the police reserves had to be sent for to quell the riot. Then Durham's bosses picked out twenty of the biggest; the "two hundred" proved to have been a printer's error. Four or five miles to the eastward lay the lake, and over this the bitter winds came raging. Sometimes the thermometer would fall to ten or twenty degrees below zero at night, and in the morning the streets would be piled with

Korean biting: 찌르는듯한, 물어 뜯는, 살을 에는 듯한, 날카로운. bitter: 쓴, 모진, 격심한, 비참한, 쓴맛, 가엾은, 쓴맥주, 모진-쓴맛, 씁, 격렬한, 쓰라린. dragging: 질질 끄는, 오래 걸리는, 질질 끄는 것, 오래 걸리는 것. eastward: 동쪽의, 동쪽, 동쪽으로. grippe: 인플루엔자, 독감, 유행성 감기, 유행성감기. homeless: 집없는, 집이 없는.

impoverished: 동식물의 종류가 적은, 가난하게 된, 메마른, 허약해진, 힘을 잃은, 가난하게 하는, 궁핍하게 하는. lake: 호수, 레이크, 못, 다홍색. penniless: 무일푼의, 찰가난의, 둔 한 푼 없는. pneumonia: 폐렴. quell: 진압하다, 가라앉히다, 소멸시키다, 반란 따위를 진압하다. riot: 폭동, 폭동을 일으키다, 소동, 방종, 야단법석, 아주 유쾌한 사람,

방탕, 난봉, 방탕생활을 하다, 떠들다, 대성공. testing: 시험, 테스트, 극히 어려운, 최대한의 능력이 요구되는, 실험, 극히곤란한, 최대한의노력이요구되는. thermometer: 온도계, 체온계, 한란계. thousands: 오만. toboggan: 바닥이 판판한 썰매, 폭락하다, 터보건, 급락하다, 터보건으로 미끄러져 내리다.

Upton Sinclair

87

snowdrifts up to the first-floor windows. The streets through which our friends had to go to their work were all unpaved and full of deep holes and gullies; in summer, when it rained hard, a man might have to wade to his waist to get to his house; and now in winter it was no joke getting through these places, before light in the morning and after dark at night. They would wrap up in all they owned, but they could not wrap up against exhaustion; and many a man gave out in these battles with the snowdrifts, and lay down and fell asleep.% And if it was bad for the men, one may imagine how the women and children fared. Some would ride in the cars, if the cars were running; but when you are making only five cents an hour, as was little Stanislovas, you do not like to spend that much to ride two miles. The children would come to the yards with great shawls about their ears, and so tied up that you could hardly find them—and still there would be accidents. One bitter morning in February the little boy who worked at the lard machine with Stanislovas came about an hour late, and screaming with pain. They unwrapped him, and a man began vigorously rubbing his ears; and as they were frozen stiff, it took only two or three rubs to break them short off. As a result of this, little Stanislovas conceived a terror of the cold that was almost a mania. Every morning, when it came time to start for the yards, he would begin to cry and protest. Nobody knew quite how to manage him, for threats did no good—it seemed to be something that he could not control, and they feared sometimes that he would go into convulsions. In the end it had to be arranged that he always went with Jurgis, and came home with him again; and often, when the snow was deep, the man would carry him the whole way on his shoulders. Sometimes Jurgis would be working until late at night, and then it was pitiful, for there was no place for the little fellow to wait, save in the doorways or in a corner of the killing beds, and he would all but fall asleep there, and freeze to death. There was no heat upon the killing beds; the men might exactly as well have worked out of doors all winter. For that matter, there was very little heat anywhere in the building, except in the cooking rooms and such places—and it was the men who worked in these who ran the most risk of all, because

Korean asleep: 잠들어, 활발치않아서, 마비되어, 팽이가서서, 영면하여, 죽어, 자서, 저려. cry: 부르짖다, 울다, 외침, 고함, 애원하다, 엉엉 울다, 큰소리로 부르다, 큰소리로 알리다, 외치다, 울며...하다, 함성. fellow: 한 쪽, 평의원, 자식, 일원, 애인, 놈, 동지, 동료, 동무, 한패, 녀석. frozen: 언, 극한의, 냉담한, 냉동의,

얼음으로덮힌, 동상에걸린, 냉랭한, 연마, 문지름, 탑본, 비명 따위의 동상에 걸린, 동결된. 탑본, 문지르기. joke: 농담, 놀리다, 장난, 익살, vigorously: 원기있게. 웃음거리, 농담을 하다. wade: 걸어서 건너다, 간신히 mania: 조병, 열광, 열, 광. 지나가다, 애을 써 나아가다, ride: 뜨다, 지배하다, 타다, 말을 몰다, 도섭하다, 고생하며 나아가다, 걸어 타고 가다, 에 뜨다, 괴롭히다, 태우고 건너기. 가다, 탐, 서로 겹치다, 말을 타고 waist: 허리, 블라우스, 요부, 몸통옷, 사냥하다. 가운데의 잘룩한 곳, 허리의 잘룩한 rooms: 한조의 방. 곳, 여성복의 치수, 여성복의 허리, rubbing: 마사지, 마찰, 탁본, 안마, 중앙의 잘룩한 부분.

88

The Jungle

whenever%they had to pass to another room they had to go through ice-cold corridors, and sometimes with nothing on above the waist except a sleeveless undershirt. On the killing beds you were apt to be covered with blood, and it would freeze solid; if you leaned against a pillar, you would freeze to that, and if you put your hand upon the blade of your knife, you would run a chance of leaving your skin on it. The men would tie up their feet in newspapers and old sacks, and these would be soaked in blood and frozen, and then soaked again, and so on, until by nighttime a man would be walking on great lumps the size of the feet of an elephant. Now and then, when the bosses were not looking, you would see them plunging their feet and ankles into the steaming hot carcass of the steer, or darting across the room to the hot-water jets. The cruelest thing of all was that nearly all of them— all of those who used knives—were unable to wear gloves, and their arms would be white with frost and their hands would grow numb, and then of course there would be accidents. Also the air would be full of steam, from the hot water and the hot blood, so that you could not see five feet before you; and then, with men rushing about at the speed they kept up on the killing beds, and all with butcher knives, like razors, in their hands— well, it was to be counted as a wonder that there were not more men slaughtered than cattle. And yet all this inconvenience they might have put up with, if only it had not been for one thing—if only there had been some place where they might eat. Jurgis had either to eat his dinner amid the stench in which he had worked, or else to rush, as did all his companions, to any one of the hundreds of liquor stores which stretched out their arms to him. To the west of the yards ran Ashland Avenue, and here was an unbroken line of saloons—"Whiskey Row," they called it; to the north was Forty- seventh Street, where there were half a dozen to the block, and at the angle of the two was "Whiskey Point," a space of fifteen or twenty acres, and containing one glue factory and about two hundred saloons. One might walk among these and take his choice: "Hot pea-soup and boiled cabbage today." "Sauerkraut and hot frankfurters. Walk in." "Bean soup and

Korean bean: 콩, 하찮은 것, 머리, 머리를 치다, 열매, 적은 돈, 조금. boiled: 취한, 끓은. butcher: 도살하다, 판매원, 학살자, 학살하다, 도살업자, 외과의사, 권투 선수, 푸주한. cabbage: 양배추, 훔치다, 자투리 천, 무기력한 사람, 지폐, 재단할 때 떼어 먹은 천, 후부리다, 후무리다, 캐비지, 양배추 처럼 결구하다, 결구하다. elephant: 코끼리, 쌍을 보다,

구경하다, 엘리펀트 형지. frost: 냉담, 서리, 서리로덮다, 결상, 빙결, 빙점이하의온도, 프로스트, 서리피해를 주다, 서리가 내리다, 서리피해를주다, 급속 냉동하다. knives: 나이프, 칼. nighttime: 야간, 밤. numb: 마비된, 감각을 잃은, 언, 무딘, 곱은, 감각을 잃게 하다, 감각을 잃게하다, 마비시키다, 무감각하게 된, 완화시키다, 의 감각을 잃게 하다.

ran: 란. rushing: 러닝 플레이로 나아간 거리, 러싱. sleeveless: 소매 없는. stretched: 잡아당기는. unbroken: 파손되지 않은, 길들여 지지 않은, 중단되지 않은, 완전한, 미개간의, 꺽이지 않은, 꺾이지 않은, 중단되지 않는, 손상되지 않은, 깨어지지 않은, 경작되지 않은. undershirt: 속셔츠, 내의.

Upton Sinclair

89

stewed %lamb. Welcome." All of these things were printed in many languages, as were also the names of the resorts, which were infinite in their variety and appeal. There was the "Home Circle" and the "Cosey Corner"; there were "Firesides" and "Hearthstones" and "Pleasure Palaces" and "Wonderlands" and "Dream Castles" and "Love's Delights." Whatever else they were called, they were sure to be called "Union Headquarters," and to hold out a welcome to workingmen; and there was always a warm stove, and a chair near it, and some friends to laugh and talk with. There was only one condition attached,—you must drink. If you went in not intending to drink, you would be put out in no time, and if you were slow about going, like as not you would get your head split open with a beer bottle in the bargain. But all of the men understood the convention and drank; they believed that by it they were getting something for nothing—for they did not need to take more than one drink, and upon the strength of it they might fill themselves up with a good hot dinner. This did not always work out in practice, however, for there was pretty sure to be a friend who would treat you, and then you would have to treat him. Then some one else would come in—and, anyhow, a few drinks were good for a man who worked hard. As he went back he did not shiver so, he had more courage for his task; the deadly brutalizing monotony of it did not afflict him so,—he had ideas while he worked, and took a more cheerful view of his circumstances. On the way home, however, the shivering was apt to come on him again; and so he would have to stop once or twice to warm up against the cruel cold. As there were hot things to eat in this saloon too, he might get home late to his supper, or he might not get home at all. And then his wife might set out to look for him, and she too would feel the cold; and perhaps she would have some of the children with her—and so a whole family would drift into drinking, as the current of a river drifts downstream. As if to complete the chain, the packers all paid their men in checks, refusing all requests to pay in coin; and where in Packingtown could a man go to have his check cashed but to a saloon, where he could pay for the favor by spending a part of the money? From all of these things Jurgis was saved because of Ona. He never would take but the one drink at noontime; and so he got the reputation of being a surly

Korean afflict: 괴롭히다. beer: 맥주, 맥주같은, 얼근히 취한, 발포성 음료. downstream: 하류의, 물줄기를따라내려가서, 하류의강 아랫녘의, 하류에. drift: 표류, 조류, 동향, 흐름, 표류물, 떼밀어, 추세에 맡기기, 표류하다, 추세에맡기기, 경향, 되는 대로 내버려 둠. drinking: 음주의, 마시기의, 음용의.

favor: 호의를 보이다, 호의, 찬성 찬성하다, 부탁, 각별히 보아주다, 애호, 편애하다, 편애, 친절한 행위, 즐겨 착용하다, 즐겨 입다. infinite: 무한의, 막대한, 끝없는, 무한대, 부정의, 부정형의, 무한한 공간, 무한량, 완전무결한, 무한, 무수한. intending: 미래의.지망하는. monotony: 단조로움, 단음, 단조. printed: 날염한, 인쇄된, 프린트의,

인쇄한. saloon: 술집, 바, 객실, 홀, 큰 방, 사교실, 오락장, 큰 홀, 특별 객차, 라운지, 세단형 자동차. shiver: 조각, 부서지다, 파편, 부수다, 오한, 부들부들 떨게 하다, 떨림, 떨리게 하다, 산산이 부서지다, 산산이 부수다, 산산조각. stove: 난로, 스토브, 온실, 온실에서 재배하다, 요리용 난로, 온실에서 속상 재배하다.

90

The Jungle

fellow, %and was not quite welcome at the saloons, and had to drift about from one to another. Then at night he would go straight home, helping Ona and Stanislovas, or often putting the former on a car. And when he got home perhaps he would have to trudge several blocks, and come staggering back through the snowdrifts with a bag of coal upon his shoulder. Home was not a very attractive place— at least not this winter. They had only been able to buy one stove, and this was a small one, and proved not big enough to warm even the kitchen in the bitterest weather. This made it hard for Teta Elzbieta all day, and for the children when they could not get to school. At night they would sit huddled round this stove, while they ate their supper off their laps; and then Jurgis and Jonas would smoke a pipe, after which they would all crawl into their beds to get warm, after putting out the fire to save the coal. Then they would have some frightful experiences with the cold. They would sleep with all their clothes on, including their overcoats, and put over them all the bedding and spare clothing they owned; the children would sleep all crowded into one bed, and yet even so they could not keep warm. The outside ones would be shivering and sobbing, crawling over the others and trying to get down into the center, and causing a fight. This old house with the leaky weatherboards was a very different thing from their cabins at home, with great thick walls plastered inside and outside with mud; and the cold which came upon them was a living thing, a demon-presence in the room. They would waken in the midnight hours, when everything was black; perhaps they would hear it yelling outside, or perhaps there would be deathlike stillness— and that would be worse yet. They could feel the cold as it crept in through the cracks, reaching out for them with its icy, death-dealing fingers; and they would crouch and cower, and try to hide from it, all in vain. It would come, and it would come; a grisly thing, a specter born in the black caverns of terror; a power primeval, cosmic, shadowing the tortures of the lost souls flung out to chaos and destruction. It was cruel iron-hard; and hour after hour they would cringe in its grasp, alone, alone. There would be no one to hear them if they cried out; there would be no help, no mercy. And so on until morning—when they would go out to another day of toil, a little weaker, a little nearer to the time when it would be their turn to be shaken from the tree.

Korean cower: 움츠리다, 움츠러들다, 웅크리다, 위축하다. crawl: 기어가다, 들끓다, 서행하다, 근질근질하다, 활어조, 살금살금 걸어다니다, 댄스, 크롤 수영법, 우글거리다, 크롤로 헤엄치다, 포복. crawling: 크롤링, 벼룩이 꾄, 이가 꾄. cringe: 움씰하다, 굽실거리다, 싫증이 나다, 진력나다, 알랑거리다, 아첨하다, 비굴한 태도, 굽실거림, 움츠러들다.

crouch: 웅크림, 굽실거리다, 몸을 구부리다, 쭈그리다, 쪼그리고 앉다, 비굴하게 굽실거림, 오그라지다, 움츠리다, 웅크리다, 위축되다, 바싹 웅크리다. deathlike: 죽은 듯한, 죽음과 같은, 죽은 사람과 같은. grisly: 무서운, 무시무시한, 소름 끼치게 하는, 불쾌한. leaky: 새기 쉬운, 오줌을 지리는, 새는 구멍 있는, 비밀을 누설하기 쉬운,

오줌을 잘 싸는, 새는 구멍이 있는. mercy: 자비, 행운, 고마움, 연민. primeval: 태고의, 원시의. shadowing: 전자 현미경의 가시도를 높이는 것. specter: 유령, 스펙트럼의, 유령의. staggering: 비틀거리는, 깜짝 놀라게 하는, 망설이는. trudge: 무거운 걸음, 무겁게 터벅터벅 걷다, 터덕터덕 걷다, 터덕터덕 걸음, 터벅터벅 걷다.

Upton Sinclair

91

CHAPTER 8

Yet even by this deadly winter the germ of hope was not to be kept from sprouting in their hearts. It was just at this time that the great adventure befell Marija.% The victim was Tamoszius Kuszleika, who played the violin. Everybody laughed at them, for Tamoszius was petite and frail, and Marija could have picked him up and carried him off under one arm. But perhaps that was why she fascinated him; the sheer volume of Marija's energy was overwhelming. That first night at the wedding Tamoszius had hardly taken his eyes off her; and later on, when he came to find that she had really the heart of a baby, her voice and her violence ceased to terrify him, and he got the habit of coming to pay her visits on Sunday afternoons. There was no place to entertain company except in the kitchen, in the midst of the family, and Tamoszius would sit there with his hat between his knees, never saying more than half a dozen words at a time, and turning red in the face before he managed to say those; until finally Jurgis would clap him upon the back, in his hearty way, crying, "Come now, brother, give us a tune." And then Tamoszius' face would light up and he would get out his fiddle, tuck it under his chin, and play. And forthwith the soul of him would flame up and become eloquent—it was almost an impropriety, for all the while his gaze would be fixed upon Marija's face, until she would begin to turn red and lower her eyes. There was no resisting the music of Tamoszius, however; even the

Korean afternoons: 오후에는 흔히. clap: 임질, 가볍게 치다, 손뼉치기, 박수, 치다, 파열음, 일격, 탕하는 소리, 툭 두드리기, 철썩때리다, 파닥이다. crying: 외치는, 긴급한, 울부짖는, 심한, 좌시할 수없는, 지독한. entertain: 대접하다, 품다, 즐겁게하다, 유쾌한, 재미있는, 즐겁게 하다, 간직하다, 호의로써 받아들이다, 환대하다.

frail: 무른, 허약한, 유혹에 빠지기쉬운, 한바구니 분, 성격이 약한, 골풀바구니, 성격이약한, 유혹에 빠지기 쉬운, 덧없는. germ: 세균, 싹틈, 발아하다, 배종, 어린싹, 병원균, 근원, 유아, 발아시키다, 생겨나다, 싹이 트다. impropriety: 부적당, 행실 나쁨, 점잖지 못함, 잘못오용, 온당치 않음, 상스러움, 도리에 어긋남, 부정, 버릇없는행위, 버릇없음, 어울리지

않는 말. overwhelming: 압도적인, 저항할 수 없는. petite: 몸집이 작고 맵시 있는, 여성이 몸집이 작은, 몸집이 작은, 몸집이 작은 여성용 의복 사이즈. terrify: 겁나게하다, 겁나게 하다, 무섭게 하다. tuck: 걷어 올리다, 정력, 싸다, 잔뜩 멀다, 징그기, 먹을 것, 밀어넣다, 기력, 틀어박다, 말다, 과자.

92

The Jungle

children would sit awed and wondering, and the tears would run down Teta Elzbieta's cheeks. A wonderful privilege it was to be thus admitted into the soul of a man of genius, to be allowed to share the ecstasies and the agonies of his inmost life.% Then there were other benefits accruing to Marija from this friendship— benefits of a more substantial nature. People paid Tamoszius big money to come and make music on state occasions; and also they would invite him to parties and festivals, knowing well that he was too good-natured to come without his fiddle, and that having brought it, he could be made to play while others danced. Once he made bold to ask Marija to accompany him to such a party, and Marija accepted, to his great delight—after which he never went anywhere without her, while if the celebration were given by friends of his, he would invite the rest of the family also. In any case Marija would bring back a huge pocketful of cakes and sandwiches for the children, and stories of all the good things she herself had managed to consume. She was compelled, at these parties, to spend most of her time at the refreshment table, for she could not dance with anybody except other women and very old men; Tamoszius was of an excitable temperament, and afflicted with a frantic jealousy, and any unmarried man who ventured to put his arm about the ample waist of Marija would be certain to throw the orchestra out of tune. It was a great help to a person who had to toil all the week to be able to look forward to some such relaxation as this on Saturday nights. The family was too poor and too hardworked to make many acquaintances; in Packingtown, as a rule, people know only their near neighbors and shopmates, and so the place is like a myriad of little country villages. But now there was a member of the family who was permitted to travel and widen her horizon; and so each week there would be new personalities to talk about,—how so-and-so was dressed, and where she worked, and what she got, and whom she was in love with; and how this man had jilted his girl, and how she had quarreled with the other girl, and what had passed between them; and how another man beat his wife, and spent

Korean accompany: 반주하다, 따르다, 따르게 하다, 동반하다. afflicted: 괴로워하는, 고민하는. ample: 넓은, 충분한, 광대한, 풍부한. awed: 경외심을 나타낸. cheeks: 측면, 궁둥이. consume: 소비하다, 다하다, 소멸하다, 소멸시키다, 바싹 여위게 하다, 소비되다, 마음을 좀먹다, 다써버리다, 다 먹어버리다, 소모하다, 낭비하다.

excitable: 흥분하기쉬운, 격하기 쉬운. frantic: 심히 흥분한, 미친, 광란의, 심히흥분한, 황급한, 굉장한, 미친 사람 같은. good-natured: 성질이좋은. inmost: 맨 안쪽의, 가장 깊은, 마음 깊은곳의, 깊이 간직한, 마음 깊이 간직한, 내심의, 가장 깊숙한 곳의, 가장 깊은속의. myriad: 만, 만의, 무수한, 무수. pocketful: 포켓 하나 가득, 포켓 하나

가득한 분량. refreshment: 원기 회복, 원기를 회복시키는 것, 휴양, 다과, 원기를 북돋우는 것, 음식물, 피로 풀기, 가벼운 음식물, 기분을 상쾌하게 함, 특히 간단한 음식물, 간단한 음식물. so-and-so: 여차여차, 이러저러, 나쁜 놈, 아무개. temperament: 기질, 평균율, 성미, 격정, 체질, 격한 성미. widen: 넓어지다, 넓히다.

Upton Sinclair

93

all her earnings upon drink, and pawned her very clothes. Some people would have scorned this talk as gossip; but then one has to talk about what one knows.% It was one Saturday night, as they were coming home from a wedding, that Tamoszius found courage, and set down his violin case in the street and spoke his heart; and then Marija clasped him in her arms. She told them all about it the next day, and fairly cried with happiness, for she said that Tamoszius was a lovely man. After that he no longer made love to her with his fiddle, but they would sit for hours in the kitchen, blissfully happy in each other's arms; it was the tacit convention of the family to know nothing of what was going on in that corner. They were planning to be married in the spring, and have the garret of the house fixed up, and live there. Tamoszius made good wages; and little by little the family were paying back their debt to Marija, so she ought soon to have enough to start life upon—only, with her preposterous softheartedness, she would insist upon spending a good part of her money every week for things which she saw they needed. Marija was really the capitalist of the party, for she had become an expert can painter by this time—she was getting fourteen cents for every hundred and ten cans, and she could paint more than two cans every minute. Marija felt, so to speak, that she had her hand on the throttle, and the neighborhood was vocal with her rejoicings. Yet her friends would shake their heads and tell her to go slow; one could not count upon such good fortune forever—there were accidents that always happened. But Marija was not to be prevailed upon, and went on planning and dreaming of all the treasures she was going to have for her home; and so, when the crash did come, her grief was painful to see. For her canning factory shut down! Marija would about as soon have expected to see the sun shut down—the huge establishment had been to her a thing akin to the planets and the seasons. But now it was shut! And they had not given her any explanation, they had not even given her a day's warning; they had simply posted a notice one Saturday that all hands would be paid off that

Korean akin: 혈족의, 같은, 동족의, 비슷한, 유사해. blissfully: 깨끗이 있게, 기쁨이 가득하게, 더 없이 행복하게. capitalist: 자본가, 자본주의자, 자본가의, 자본주, 자본주의자 자본가의, 주의의. crash: 추락, 실패하다, 파산하다, 충돌, 고장, 거친 아마포, 을 달리다, 와르르 부수다, 와르르 무너지다, 와르르, 숙박하다.

fourteen: 네째의, 네째로, 십사, 열넷, 제4. garret: 다락방, 머리, 제일윗층, 초라한 작은 방, 고미다락. gossip: 잡담, 험담, 소문, 수다, 수다쟁이, 남의 이야기를 퍼뜨리고 돌아다니다, 잡담을 하다. painful: 아픈, 괴로운, 쓰라린, 고통스럽게, 애써서. posted: 밝은, 정통한, 지위가 있는. preposterous: 터무니 없는, 비상식의,

터무니없는. spending: 소비, 지출. tacit: 암묵의, 무언의, 침묵의, 양해 등의, 말로 나타내지 않은, 묵시의. throttle: 목을 조르다, 죄다, 억압하다, 질식시키다, 감속시키다, 목, 누르다, 절기하다, 조절판, 목구멍. vocal: 유성음의, 목소리의, 목소리를 내는, 성악의, 음성의, 목소리, 소리나는, 속삭이는, 구두의, 보컬, 유성음.

94

The Jungle

afternoon, and would not resume work for at least a month! And that was all that there was to it—her job was gone! It was the holiday rush that was over, the girls said in answer to Marija's inquiries; after that there was always a slack. Sometimes the factory would start up on half time after a while, but there was no telling—it had been known to stay closed until way into the summer. The prospects were bad at present, for truckmen who worked in the storerooms said that these were piled up to the ceilings, so that the firm could not have found room for another week's output of cans. And they had turned off three-quarters of these men, which was a still worse sign, since it meant that there were no orders to be filled. It was all a swindle, can-painting, said the girls—you were crazy with delight because you were making twelve or fourteen dollars a week, and saving half of it; but you had to spend it all keeping alive while you were out, and so your pay was really only half what you thought.% Marija came home, and because she was a person who could not rest without danger of explosion, they first had a great house cleaning, and then she set out to search Packingtown for a job to fill up the gap. As nearly all the canning establishments were shut down, and all the girls hunting work, it will be readily understood that Marija did not find any. Then she took to trying the stores and saloons, and when this failed she even traveled over into the far-distant regions near the lake front, where lived the rich people in great palaces, and begged there for some sort of work that could be done by a person who did not know English. The men upon the killing beds felt also the effects of the slump which had turned Marija out; but they felt it in a different way, and a way which made Jurgis understand at last all their bitterness. The big packers did not turn their hands off and close down, like the canning factories; but they began to run for shorter and shorter hours. They had always required the men to be on the killing beds and ready for work at seven o'clock, although there was almost never any work to be done till the buyers out in the yards had gotten to work, and some cattle had come over the chutes. That would often be ten or eleven o'clock,

Korean bitterness: 씀, 비참함, 격심함, 고통, 신랄, 불황. crazy: 미친, 굉장히 좋은, 열중한, 결함이 많은, 열광적인, 흔들거리는, 흥분해 있는, 반한, 흔들흔들하는, 나무랄 데 없는, 열광한. delight: 기쁨, 기뻐하다, 즐기다, 즐겁게하다, 유쾌, 기쁘게 하는 것, 매우 기쁘게 하다. explosion: 파열, 폭발, 급증, 파열의, 폭발의, 폭음, 폭음의.

filled: 차는, 충족시키는, 흡족하게 rush: 돌진시키다, 돌진, 등심초, 하는, 흙으로 돋우는, 팽팽하게 하는, 돌진하다, 골풀, 돌격하다, 쇄도, 차지하는, 채우는, 가득 따르는, 돌격, 하찮은 물건, 쇄도하다, 조제하는, 섞어 넣는, 바람을 가득 급행하다. 받는. slack: 느린, 늦추다, 늘어진, 침체된, readily: 쾌히, 손쉽게, 쉽사리, 기꺼이, 분탄, 느즈러진 곳, 느즈러진, 느슨한, 서슴없이, 선뜻, 쉽게. 좋지 못한, 약해지다, 슬랙스. resume: 요약하다, 다시 시작하다, slump: 슬럼프, 폭락, 부진, 쿵 떨어짐, 되찾다, 개요, 적요, 다시 차지하다, 쿵 떨어지다, 폭락하다, 좋지 못한 평, 회복하다, 이력서, 다시 계속하다, 불황, 구부정해지다, 갑자기 계속하다, 재점유하다. 시들해지다, 갑자기 쇠퇴하다.

Upton Sinclair

95

which %was bad enough, in all conscience; but now, in the slack season, they would perhaps not have a thing for their men to do till late in the afternoon. And so they would have to loaf around, in a place where the thermometer might be twenty degrees below zero! At first one would see them running about, or skylarking with each other, trying to keep warm; but before the day was over they would become quite chilled through and exhausted, and, when the cattle finally came, so near frozen that to move was an agony. And then suddenly the place would spring into activity, and the merciless "speeding-up" would begin! There were weeks at a time when Jurgis went home after such a day as this with not more than two hours' work to his credit—which meant about thirtyfive cents. There were many days when the total was less than half an hour, and others when there was none at all. The general average was six hours a day, which meant for Jurgis about six dollars a week; and this six hours of work would be done after standing on the killing bed till one o'clock, or perhaps even three or four o'clock, in the afternoon. Like as not there would come a rush of cattle at the very end of the day, which the men would have to dispose of before they went home, often working by electric light till nine or ten, or even twelve or one o'clock, and without a single instant for a bite of supper. The men were at the mercy of the cattle. Perhaps the buyers would be holding off for better prices— if they could scare the shippers into thinking that they meant to buy nothing that day, they could get their own terms. For some reason the cost of fodder for cattle in the yards was much above the market price— and you were not allowed to bring your own fodder! Then, too, a number of cars were apt to arrive late in the day, now that the roads were blocked with snow, and the packers would buy their cattle that night, to get them cheaper, and then would come into play their ironclad rule, that all cattle must be killed the same day they were bought. There was no use kicking about this—there had been one delegation after another to see the packers about it, only to be told that it was the rule, and that there was not the slightest chance of its ever being altered. And so on Christmas Eve Jurgis worked till nearly one o'clock in the morning, and on Christmas Day he was on the killing bed at seven o'clock.

Korean bite: 물다, 부식하다, 물어뜯다, 물린 상처, 스미다, 한 입, 한 번 묾, 살을 에다, 깨물다, 열중시키다, 상하게 하다. blocked: 마약에 취한, 막힌, 폐색된, 봉쇄된, 통행금지. chilled: 냉장한, 냉각한, 냉강된, 냉경한, 칠드 주물의, 차가워진. conscience: 양심, 도의심, 선악의 관념. delegation: 위원단, 파견, 위임,

파견단, 대표 파견, 대표 임명, 엄한, 철갑의. 대표단. loaf: 덩어리, 요리의 일종, dispose: 배치하다, 일의 성패를 어정거리다, 빵 한덩어리, 결정하다, 처리하다, 충당하다, 할 놀고지내다, 빈둥거리다, 원뿔꼴의 마음이 나게 하다, 의 경향을 갖게 한덩이, 머리, 원뿔꼴의 횐 설탕, 하다, 일의 추세를 결정하다. 시간을 놀며 보내다, 빵의 덩어리. exhausted: 다 써버린, 다 퍼버린, none: 아무도 ... 않다. 소모된, 물이 마른, 고갈된, 지칠대로 zero: 영, 최하점, 영점, 겨냥하다, 지친. 제로의, 영도, 최하위, 조금도 없는, ironclad: 철갑함, 철로 싼, 장갑함, 영위, 제로 고도, 영의 자리로 돌려 장갑의 어길수 없는, 장갑된엄한, 놓다.

96

The Jungle

All%this was bad; and yet it was not the worst. For after all the hard work a man did, he was paid for only part of it. Jurgis had once been among those who scoffed at the idea of these huge concerns cheating; and so now he could appreciate the bitter irony of the fact that it was precisely their size which enabled them to do it with impunity. ne of the rules on the killing beds was that a man who was one minute late was docked an hour; and this was economical, for he was made to work the balance of the hour—he was not allowed to stand round and wait. And on the other hand if he came ahead of time he got no pay for that— though often the bosses would start up the gang ten or fifteen minutes before the whistle. And this same custom they carried over to the end of the day; they did not pay for any fraction of an hour—for "broken time." A man might work full fifty minutes, but if there was no work to fill out the hour, there was no pay for him. Thus the end of every day was a sort of lottery—a struggle, all but breaking into open war between the bosses and the men, the former trying to rush a job through and the latter trying to stretch it out. Jurgis blamed the bosses for this, though the truth to be told it was not always their fault; for the packers kept them frightened for their lives—and when one was in danger of falling behind the standard, what was easier than to catch up by making the gang work awhile "for the church"? This was a savage witticism the men had, which Jurgis had to have explained to him. Old man Jones was great on missions and such things, and so whenever they were doing some particularly disreputable job, the men would wink at each other and say, "Now we're working for the church!" One of the consequences of all these things was that Jurgis was no longer perplexed when he heard men talk of fighting for their rights. He felt like fighting now himself; and when the Irish delegate of the butcher-helpers' union came to him a second time, he received him in a far different spirit. A wonderful idea it now seemed to Jurgis, this of the men—that by combining they might be able to make a stand and conquer the packers! Jurgis wondered who had first thought of it; and when he was told that it was a common thing for men to do in America, he got the first inkling of a meaning in the phrase "a free country." The delegate explained to him how it depended upon their being able to get every

Korean blamed: 지긋지긋한, 빌어먹을, 천벌받을, 빌어먹을 몹시, 지겹게. breaking: 단선, 파괴, 길들이기, 음의 분열, 조교. cheating: 부정 행위. conquer: 정복하다, 극복하다, 손아귀에 넣다, 억누르다, 획득하다, 승리를얻다, 타파하다, 공략하다, 이가다, 승리를 얻다. custom: 풍습, 습관, 관습, 세관, 애고, 관세, 규칙, 관례, 고객, 단골, 돌봐줌.

disreputable: 평판이 나쁜, 불명예스러운, 평판이 좋지 않은, 보기 싫은. fraction: 분수, 단편, 파편, 부분, 조금, 분류, 빵을 나누기. frightened: 깜짝 놀란, 겁먹은. impunity: 형을 받지 않음, 형, 처벌되지 않음, 을 받지 않음, 무사히, 무벌, 벌을 받지 않음, 해를 받지 않음. inkling: 암시, 어렴풋이 알고 있음,

눈치챔, 어렴풋이 알아차리기. irony: 반어, 비꼼, 쇠로 만든, 풍자, 찌르는말, 쇠의, 빗댐, 쇠같은, 빈정댐, 예상외의 전개, 철의. longer: 더 길게. ne: 원래 이름은. wink: 눈짓하다, 반짝이다, 기운차게, 깜박이다, 눈깜박임, 보고도 못본체하다, 눈을 깜빡이다, 눈짓, 눈짓으로 신호하다, 깜박임, 윙크하다.

Upton Sinclair

97

man to join and stand by the organization, and so Jurgis signified that he was willing to do his share. Before another month was by, all the working members of his family had union cards, and wore their union buttons conspicuously and with pride. For fully a week they were quite blissfully happy, thinking that belonging to a union meant an end to all their troubles.% But only ten days after she had joined, Marija's canning factory closed down, and that blow quite staggered them. They could not understand why the union had not prevented it, and the very first time she attended a meeting Marija got up and made a speech about it. It was a business meeting, and was transacted in English, but that made no difference to Marija; she said what was in her, and all the pounding of the chairman's gavel and all the uproar and confusion in the room could not prevail. Quite apart from her own troubles she was boiling over with a general sense of the injustice of it, and she told what she thought of the packers, and what she thought of a world where such things were allowed to happen; and then, while the echoes of the hall rang with the shock of her terrible voice, she sat down again and fanned herself, and the meeting gathered itself together and proceeded to discuss the election of a recording secretary. Jurgis too had an adventure the first time he attended a union meeting, but it was not of his own seeking. Jurgis had gone with the desire to get into an inconspicuous corner and see what was done; but this attitude of silent and open-eyed attention had marked him out for a victim. Tommy Finnegan was a little Irishman, with big staring eyes and a wild aspect, a "hoister" by trade, and badly cracked. Somewhere back in the far-distant past Tommy Finnegan had had a strange experience, and the burden of it rested upon him. All the balance of his life he had done nothing but try to make it understood. When he talked he caught his victim by the buttonhole, and his face kept coming closer and closer— which was trying, because his teeth were so bad. Jurgis did not mind that, only he was frightened. The method of operation of the higher intelligences was Tom Finnegan's theme, and he desired to find out if Jurgis had ever considered that the representation of things in their present similarity might be altogether unintelligible upon a more elevated plane. There were assuredly wonderful

Korean adventure: 모험, 흔치않은 체험, 흔치안은 체험, 재미있는, 희한한 사건, 투기, 위험을 무릅쓰다, 위험에 빠뜨리다, 모험심, 모험담, 감행하다. assuredly: 대담히, 확실하게, 자신있게, 확실히, 자신을 가지고, 확신을 가지고. boiling: 비등, 비등하는, 끓음, 사나운, 끓어 오르는, 일회분의 삶을 거리, 푹푹 찌는 듯한, 격렬한. desired: 옳은, 훌륭한, 바랐던,

희망했던. elevated: 고상한, 높은, 쾌활한, 거나한, 의기 양양한, 한잔하여 기분이 좋은. gavel: 의사봉, 연공, 조세, 망치. inconspicuous: 눈에 띄지 않는, 주의를 끌지 않는, 작고 빛깔이 엷은, 뚜렷하지 않은, 두드러지지않은. injustice: 부정, 불공평, 부정행위, 불법, 권리침해. prevail: 이기다, 우세하다, 설복하다,

유행되다, 잘 되다, 설득하다. pride: 자부, 자존심, 자랑, 자만, 만족, 득의의 모습, 득의, 경멸, 거만, 한창, 자랑거리. similarity: 유사, 비슷함, 상사. tommy: 영국 병정, 공장 안의 매점, 나사 돌리개, 남자 이름의 애칭, 병사 양식용 검은 빵, 영국 육군 병사, 현물 지급 임금제 공장. unintelligible: 이해할 수 없는, 분명치 않은.

98

The Jungle

mysteries about the developing of these things; and then, becoming confidential, Mr. Finnegan proceeded to tell of some discoveries of his own. "If ye have iver had onything to do wid shperrits," said he, and looked inquiringly at Jurgis, who kept shaking his head. "Niver mind, niver mind," continued the other, "but their influences may be operatin' upon ye; it's shure as I'm tellin' ye, it's them that has the reference to the immejit surroundin's that has the most of power. It was vouchsafed to me in me youthful days to be acquainted with shperrits" and so Tommy Finnegan went on, expounding a system of philosophy, while the perspiration came out on Jurgis' forehead, so great was his agitation and embarrassment. In the end one of the men, seeing his plight, came over and rescued him; but it was some time before he was able to find any one to explain things to him, and meanwhile his fear lest the strange little Irishman should get him cornered again was enough to keep him dodging about the room the whole evening.% He never missed a meeting, however. He had picked up a few words of English by this time, and friends would help him to understand. They were often very turbulent meetings, with half a dozen men declaiming at once, in as many dialects of English; but the speakers were all desperately in earnest, and Jurgis was in earnest too, for he understood that a fight was on, and that it was his fight. Since the time of his disillusionment, Jurgis had sworn to trust no man, except in his own family; but here he discovered that he had brothers in affliction, and allies. Their one chance for life was in union, and so the struggle became a kind of crusade. Jurgis had always been a member of the church, because it was the right thing to be, but the church had never touched him, he left all that for the women. Here, however, was a new religion— one that did touch him, that took hold of every fiber of him; and with all the zeal and fury of a convert he went out as a missionary. There were many nonunion men among the Lithuanians, and with these he would labor and wrestle in prayer, trying to show them the right. Sometimes they would be obstinate and refuse to see it, and Jurgis, alas, was not always patient! He forgot how he himself had been blind, a short time ago— after the fashion of all crusaders since the original ones, who set out to spread the gospel of Brotherhood by force of arms.

Korean acquainted: 사귀게 된, 안면이 있는, 정통한, 친한. agitation: 선동, 동요, 흥분, 동란, 논의, 뒤흔들기. alas: 아아, 슬픈지고. allies: 연합국의. crusade: 십자군, 성전, 개혁운동, 개혁 운동에 참여하다, 십자군에 참가하다, 개혁 운동, 숙청 운동, 박멸 운동. disillusionment: 환멸, 환멸감. earnest: 진지한, 열심인, 진지, 진심,

중대한, 정식, 성실한, 성실, 엄숙한성실, 엄숙한, 계약금. gospel: 복음서, 복음, 교리, 주의, 진리, 교의, 신조, 복음문. inquiringly: 알고 싶은 듯이, 의심쩍은 듯이. missionary: 전도의, 선교사, 전도사. nonunion: 노동조합불가입자가 만든, 노동 조합에 속하지 않음 단결하지 않음, 노동조합에 가입하지 않은, 노동조합을 인정하지 않는.

turbulent: 광포한, 거친, 소란 스러운, 소란스러운, 휘몰아치는. wrestle: 씨름, 분투, 싸우다, 레슬링, 와 레슬링하다, 레슬링을 하다, 맞붙어 싸우다, 무지막지하게 마구 밀어대다, 씨름을 하다, 와 레슬링을 하다, 을 넘어뜨리다. youthful: 젊은, 젊은이의, 젊음에 넘치는, 발랄한, 초기의, 유년기의, 기운찬, 젊은이에 알맞은, 청년 특유의, 이른.

Upton Sinclair

99

CHAPTER 9

One%of the first consequences of the discovery of the union was that Jurgis became desirous of learning English. He wanted to know what was going on at the meetings, and to be able to take part in them, and so he began to look about him, and to try to pick up words. The children, who were at school, and learning fast, would teach him a few; and a friend loaned him a little book that had some in it, and Ona would read them to him. Then Jurgis became sorry that he could not read himself; and later on in the winter, when some one told him that there was a night school that was free, he went and enrolled. After that, every evening that he got home from the yards in time, he would go to the school; he would go even if he were in time for only half an hour. They were teaching him both to read and to speak English—and they would have taught him other things, if only he had had a little time. Also the union made another great difference with him—it made him begin to pay attention to the country. It was the beginning of democracy with him. It was a little state, the union, a miniature republic; its affairs were every man's affairs, and every man had a real say about them. In other words, in the union Jurgis learned to talk politics. In the place where he had come from there had not been any politics— in Russia one thought of the government as an affliction like the lightning and the hail. "Duck, little brother, duck," the wise old peasants would whisper; "everything passes away." And when Jurgis had first come to

Korean affliction: 고통, 고민거리, 괴로움, 병, miniature: 축도, 축소화, 미세화법, 분량, 일러바치다. 불행의 원인, 고뇌. 모형, 세밀화, 채식 그림, 미세화로 wise: 방법, 알리다, 현명한, 정도, desirous: 원하는, 바라는. 그리다, 미세화의, 사본의 채식, 을 영리해 보이는, 분별있는, 슬기로운, discovery: 발견물, 발견, 발표 요구 미세화로 그리다, 채식 문자. 슬기롭다, 양식, 학문이 있는, 알고 수속, 줄거리의 전개. teach: 가르치다, 교수하다, 있는. hail: 싸락눈, 퍼붓다, 빗발치듯 선생질하다, 깨닫게 하다, 교사를 쏟아지다, 이라 부르며맞이하다, 하다, 혼내주다, 훈련하다. 큰소리로 부르다, 인사, 환호, 의 whisper: 속삭이다, 속삭임, 소근거림, 출신이다, 인사하다, 우박, 싸라기눈. 살랑살랑소리, 살랑살랑 소리를 내다, lightning: 번개, 전광, 번개와 같은, 말을 가만히 퍼뜨리다, 은밀히 말을 번개의. 퍼뜨리다, 몰래 말하다, 소문, 적은

100

The Jungle

America%he had supposed that it was the same. He had heard people say that it was a free country—but what did that mean? He found that here, precisely as in Russia, there were rich men who owned everything; and if one could not find any work, was not the hunger he began to feel the same sort of hunger? When Jurgis had been working about three weeks at Brown's, there had come to him one noontime a man who was employed as a night watchman, and who asked him if he would not like to take out naturalization papers and become a citizen. Jurgis did not know what that meant, but the man explained the advantages. In the first place, it would not cost him anything, and it would get him half a day off, with his pay just the same; and then when election time came he would be able to vote—and there was something in that. Jurgis was naturally glad to accept, and so the night watchman said a few words to the boss, and he was excused for the rest of the day. When, later on, he wanted a holiday to get married he could not get it; and as for a holiday with pay just the same—what power had wrought that miracle heaven only knew! However, he went with the man, who picked up several other newly landed immigrants, Poles, Lithuanians, and Slovaks, and took them all outside, where stood a great four-horse tallyho coach, with fifteen or twenty men already in it. It was a fine chance to see the sights of the city, and the party had a merry time, with plenty of beer handed up from inside. So they drove downtown and stopped before an imposing granite building, in which they interviewed an official, who had the papers all ready, with only the names to be filled in. So each man in turn took an oath of which he did not understand a word, and then was presented with a handsome ornamented document with a big red seal and the shield of the United States upon it, and was told that he had become a citizen of the Republic and the equal of the President himself. A month or two later Jurgis had another interview with this same man, who told him where to go to "register." And then finally, when election day came, the packing houses posted a notice that men who desired to vote might remain away until nine that morning, and the same night watchman took Jurgis and the rest of his flock into the back room of a saloon, and showed each of them where and

Korean downtown: 상가의, 중심가, 도심지, 도심지에서로, 상가, 도심지에서. flock: 신도, 모이다, 무리짓다, 무리, 군중, 떼지어 오다, 떼, 털 부스러기를 채우다, 털솜부스러기, 한뭉치의 양털, 털뭉치. granite: 화강암, 쑥돌. hunger: 굶주림, 갈망하다, 굶주리다, 공복, 갈망, 기근, 배가 고프다, 열망하다, 굶주리게 하다, 열망. imposing: 남의 눈을 끄는, 당당한,

인상적인, 인상적인당당한, 훌륭한. merry: 즐거운, 명랑한, 유쾌한, 거나한, 흥겨운, 거나하게 취한 기분의. miracle: 기적, 불가사의한 물건, 기적극, 불가사의한 것, 불가사의한 사람. naturalization: 귀화, 자연화, 이식, 이입. oath: 맹세, 선서, 저주, 신의 이름을 남용하기, 욕설.

seal: 도장, 봉인, 인장, 날인하다, 바다표범 사냥을 하다, 인, 바다표범, 입막음, 확증, 보증, 그 털가죽. shield: 방패, 보호물, 수호하다, 무늬, 방패가 되다, 실드, 방패꼴, 보호하다, 보호자, 숨기다, 순상부. tallyho: 대형 4두마차. watchman: 야경, 야경꾼, 야경꾼의, 야경의. wrought: 만든, 세공한, 가공한, 꾸민, 두들겨 만든.

Upton Sinclair

101

how to mark a ballot, and then gave each two dollars, and took them to the polling place, where there was a policeman on duty especially to see that they got through all right. Jurgis felt quite proud of this good luck till he got home and met Jonas, who had taken the leader aside and whispered to him, offering to vote three times for four dollars, which offer had been accepted.% And now in the union Jurgis met men who explained all this mystery to him; and he learned that America differed from Russia in that its government existed under the form of a democracy. The officials who ruled it, and got all the graft, had to be elected first; and so there were two rival sets of grafters, known as political parties, and the one got the office which bought the most votes. Now and then, the election was very close, and that was the time the poor man came in. In the stockyards this was only in national and state elections, for in local elections the Democratic Party always carried everything. The ruler of the district was therefore the Democratic boss, a little Irishman named Mike Scully. Scully held an important party office in the state, and bossed even the mayor of the city, it was said; it was his boast that he carried the stockyards in his pocket. He was an enormously rich man—he had a hand in all the big graft in the neighborhood. It was Scully, for instance, who owned that dump which Jurgis and Ona had seen the first day of their arrival. Not only did he own the dump, but he owned the brick factory as well, and first he took out the clay and made it into bricks, and then he had the city bring garbage to fill up the hole, so that he could build houses to sell to the people. Then, too, he sold the bricks to the city, at his own price, and the city came and got them in its own wagons. And also he owned the other hole near by, where the stagnant water was; and it was he who cut the ice and sold it; and what was more, if the men told truth, he had not had to pay any taxes for the water, and he had built the icehouse out of city lumber, and had not had to pay anything for that. The newspapers had got hold of that story, and there had been a scandal; but Scully had hired somebody to confess and take all the blame, and then skip the country. It was said, too, that he had built his brickkiln in the same way, and that the workmen were on the city payroll while they did it; however, one had to press closely to get these things out of the men, for it was not their business, and Mike Scully was a good man to stand in with. A note

Korean boast: 자랑하다, 가지고 있다, 자랑, icehouse: 얼음집, 얼음창고, 얼음창고 뽐내다, 큰소리치다, 호언장담하다, 빙고, 얼음 창고, 이글루, 이글루 대강 다듬다, 과시하다, 가지다, 자랑 모양의 건조물, 이글루 모양의 거리. 구조물. bossed: 돌기물이 붙은, 양각 장식한, lumber: 재목, 쿵쿵걷다, 잡동사니, 돋을새김이 붙은, 돋을 새김이 붙은. 무겁게 움직이다, 목재를 베어내다, confess: 자인하다, 자백하다, 고해를 목재로 장소를 막아버리다, 올리다, 듣다, 고해하다, 참회하다, 고백하다, 난잡하게 쌓다, 방 따위를 막다, 자공하다, 공언하다. 베어내다, 잡동사니로 장소를 enormously: 막대하게, 터무니없이, 가로막다. 거대하게, 엄청나게. mayor: 시장.

payroll: 급료 지불부, 지불급료의 총액. polling: 투표. scandal: 중상, 추문, 반감, 의옥, 치욕, 악평, 험담, 불명예, 소동. skip: 빠뜨리다, 급히 떠나다, 거르다, 뛰어다니다, 가볍게 뛰다, 도약, 뛰놀다, 뛰다, 건너뜀, 건너 뛰다, 스쳐가다. stagnant: 흐르지 않는, 활발치 못한, 괴어 있는, 불경기의, 활기 없는.

102

The Jungle

signed %by him was equal to a job any time at the packing houses; and also he employed a good many men himself, and worked them only eight hours a day, and paid them the highest wages. This gave him many friends—all of whom he had gotten together into the "War Whoop League," whose clubhouse you might see just outside of the yards. It was the biggest clubhouse, and the biggest club, in all Chicago; and they had prizefights every now and then, and cockfights and even dogfights. The policemen in the district all belonged to the league, and instead of suppressing the fights, they sold tickets for them. The man that had taken Jurgis to be naturalized was one of these "Indians," as they were called; and on election day there would be hundreds of them out, and all with big wads of money in their pockets and free drinks at every saloon in the district. That was another thing, the men said—all the saloon-keepers had to be "Indians," and to put up on demand, otherwise they could not do business on Sundays, nor have any gambling at all. In the same way Scully had all the jobs in the fire department at his disposal, and all the rest of the city graft in the stockyards district; he was building a block of flats somewhere up on Ashland Avenue, and the man who was overseeing it for him was drawing pay as a city inspector of sewers. The city inspector of water pipes had been dead and buried for over a year, but somebody was still drawing his pay. The city inspector of sidewalks was a barkeeper at the War Whoop Cafe—and maybe he could make it uncomfortable for any tradesman who did not stand in with Scully! Even the packers were in awe of him, so the men said. It gave them pleasure to believe this, for Scully stood as the people's man, and boasted of it boldly when election day came. The packers had wanted a bridge at Ashland Avenue, but they had not been able to get it till they had seen Scully; and it was the same with "Bubbly Creek," which the city had threatened to make the packers cover over, till Scully had come to their aid. "Bubbly Creek" is an arm of the Chicago River, and forms the southern boundary of the yards: all the drainage of the square mile of packing houses empties into it, so that it is really a great open sewer a hundred or two feet wide. One long arm of it is blind, and the filth stays there forever and a day. The grease and chemicals that are poured into it undergo all sorts of strange transformations, which are the cause of its name; it is

Korean barkeeper: 바텐더, 술집주인, 술집의 주인, 바의 주인. blind: 맹목적인, 눈먼, 발, 숨은, 어리석은, 이성을 잃은, 차일, 커튼, 문, 막다른-눈멀게 하다, 눈멀게 하다. boldly: 대담하게, 뻔뻔스럽게, 뚜렷이. boundary: 경계, 한계, 경계선 타에 의한 득점, 경계선, 경계선 타. clubhouse: 클럽회관, 갱의실. disposal: 처분, 배치, 처리, 양도,

처분의. drainage: 하수, 배수, 오수, 설비, 배수법, 배수 장치. drawing: 그림, 발행, 제도, 달여내기, 데상, 선화, 칼을 빼기, 잡아늘이기, 그림의, 달이기. empties: 빈 차, 빈 상자, 빈 통, 빈 병, 빈 광주리. gambling: 노름, 도박, 내기. sewer: 하수구, 재봉사, 하수도, 급사장, 바느질하는 기계, 바느질하는

사람, 하수. signed: 사인이 들어있는, 서명된. tradesman: 소매상인, 장인, 소매 상인, 배달인. uncomfortable: 불안한, 불쾌한, 기분이 언짢은, 살기 거북한, 살기 불편한, 신기 거북한, 신기 불편한, 앉기 거북한, 앉기 불편한, 입기 거북한, 입기 불편한. undergo: 견디다, 받다, 당하다, 경험하다, 만나다, 겪다, 격다.

Upton Sinclair

103

constantly in motion, as if huge fish were feeding in it, or great leviathans disporting themselves in its depths. Bubbles of carbonic acid gas will rise to the surface and burst, and make rings two or three feet wide. Here and there the grease and filth have caked solid, and the creek looks like a bed of lava; chickens walk about on it, feeding, and many times an unwary stranger has started to stroll across, and vanished temporarily. The packers used to leave the creek that way, till every now and then the surface would catch on fire and burn furiously, and the fire department would have to come and put it out. Once, however, an ingenious stranger came and started to gather this filth in scows, to make lard out of; then the packers took the cue, and got out an injunction to stop him, and afterward gathered it themselves. The banks of "Bubbly Creek" are plastered thick with hairs, and this also the packers gather and clean.% And there were things even stranger than this, according to the gossip of the men. The packers had secret mains, through which they stole billions of gallons of the city's water. The newspapers had been full of this scandal—once there had even been an investigation, and an actual uncovering of the pipes; but nobody had been punished, and the thing went right on. And then there was the condemned meat industry, with its endless horrors. The people of Chicago saw the government inspectors in Packingtown, and they all took that to mean that they were protected from diseased meat; they did not understand that these hundred and sixty-three inspectors had been appointed at the request of the packers, and that they were paid by the United States government to certify that all the diseased meat was kept in the state. They had no authority beyond that; for the inspection of meat to be sold in the city and state the whole force in Packingtown consisted of three henchmen of the local political machine! And shortly afterward one of these, a physician, made the discovery that the carcasses of steers which had been condemned as tubercular by the government inspectors, and which therefore contained ptomaines, which are deadly poisons, were left upon an open platform and carted away to be sold in the city; and so he insisted that these carcasses be treated with an injection of kerosene—and was ordered to resign the same week! So indignant were the packers that they went

Korean carbonic: 탄소의, 탄산의, 탄소. certify: 증명하다, 지불을 보증하다, 에게 보증하다, 정신 이상자라고 증명하다, 에게 증명서를 교부하다, 보증하다, 인증하다, 에게 면허장를 교부하다, 에게 면허장를 발행하다, 에게 증명서를 발행하다, 보증 하다. contained: 억제하는, 조심스러운. cue: 큐, 기분, 역할, 단서, 계기, 신호, 행동을 유도하는 자극, 연주 지시 악절, 행동 개시의 지시를 주다,

실마리, 에게 신호를 주다. diseased: 병적인, 병의, 병에 걸린. furiously: 미친듯이 노하여, 맹렬히. indignant: 분개한, 성난. ingenious: 교묘한, 독창적인, 영리한, 재간 있는, 정교한, 창의력이 있는, 재주가 있는, 있는. injection: 주사, 주입, 관장, 궤도에 진입시킴, 인젝션, 관장약, 궤도에 올려놓기. injunction: 명령, 금지명령, 지령,

훈령. lava: 용암, 유동상의 용암의, 용암의. physician: 의사, 내과 의사. resign: 사임하다, 포기하다, 몸을 맡기다, 사직하다, 양도하다, 체념하다, 감수하다, 그만두다, 따르다, 맡기다, 버리다. stole: 여자용 어깨 걸이, 영대, 스톨, 길고 헐거운 겉옷, 주부용 외투. unwary: 경솔한, 부주의한, 조심성 없는.

104

The Jungle

farther, and compelled the mayor to abolish the whole bureau of inspection; so that since then there has not been even a pretense of any interference with the graft. There was said to be two thousand dollars a week hush money from the tubercular steers alone; and as much again from the hogs which had died of cholera on the trains, and which you might see any day being loaded into boxcars and hauled away to a place called Globe, in Indiana, where they made a fancy grade of lard.% Jurgis heard of these things little by little, in the gossip of those who were obliged to perpetrate them. It seemed as if every time you met a person from a new department, you heard of new swindles and new crimes. There was, for instance, a Lithuanian who was a cattle butcher for the plant where Marija had worked, which killed meat for canning only; and to hear this man describe the animals which came to his place would have been worthwhile for a Dante or a Zola. It seemed that they must have agencies all over the country, to hunt out old and crippled and diseased cattle to be canned. There were cattle which had been fed on "whisky-malt," the refuse of the breweries, and had become what the men called "steerly"— which means covered with boils. It was a nasty job killing these, for when you plunged your knife into them they would burst and splash foul-smelling stuff into your face; and when a man's sleeves were smeared with blood, and his hands steeped in it, how was he ever to wipe his face, or to clear his eyes so that he could see? It was stuff such as this that made the "embalmed beef" that had killed several times as many United States soldiers as all the bullets of the Spaniards; only the army beef, besides, was not fresh canned, it was old stuff that had been lying for years in the cellars. Then one Sunday evening, Jurgis sat puffing his pipe by the kitchen stove, and talking with an old fellow whom Jonas had introduced, and who worked in the canning rooms at Durham's; and so Jurgis learned a few things about the great and only Durham canned goods, which had become a national institution. They were regular alchemists at Durham's; they advertised a mushroom-catsup, and the men who made it did not know what a mushroom looked like. They advertised "potted chicken,"—and it was like the boardinghouse soup of the

Korean abolish: 폐지하다, 철폐하다, 심장한, 다른 것을 섞은, 만취한, 폐치하다, 무효화시키다. 박은, 술 따위 다른 것을 섞은. cholera: 콜레라. mushroom: 버섯, 벼락 출세자, 탄알 crippled: 무능력한, 불구의. 끝이 납작해지다, 버섯 모양의 것, hands: 소유, 일군. 버섯을 따다, 여자의 밀짚 모자의 hush: 쉿, 입 밖에 내지 않다, 하나, 버섯의, 여자의 밀짚 모자의 고요하게하다, 쉬쉬해버리다, 하나-버섯을 따다, 버섯 구름, 끝이 고요해지다, 침묵, 침묵하다, 조용함, 납작해지다, 갑자기 생기다. 조용해지다, 조용히, 은폐. perpetrate: 범하다, 범죄, 범행, loaded: 탄알을 잰, 감정적이 된, 납을 저지르다, 나쁜 짓 따위를 범하다, 박은, 짐실은, 취한, 화약을잰, 의미 과오 따위를 범하다.

splash: 튀다, 튀기다, 튀김, 철벅철벅, 첨벙, 반점, 흩뿌린 것 같은 무늬로 하다, 큰호평을 얻다, 소량의 소다수, 풍덩 떨어지다, 튄물. steeped: 깊이 스며든, 액체에 담근, 뒤덮인, 둘러싸인. wipe: 훔치다, 손수건, 훔치기, 닦다, 닦기, 닦아내다, 한번 닦기, 비비다, 빼다, 닦음, 주먹다짐. worthwhile: 할 만한 가치가 있는, 할 보람 있는.

Upton Sinclair

105

comic %papers, through which a chicken had walked with rubbers on. Perhaps they had a secret process for making chickens chemically—who knows? said Jurgis' friend; the things that went into the mixture were tripe, and the fat of pork, and beef suet, and hearts of beef, and finally the waste ends of veal, when they had any. They put these up in several grades, and sold them at several prices; but the contents of the cans all came out of the same hopper. And then there was "potted game" and "potted grouse," "potted ham," and "deviled ham"— de-vyled, as the men called it. "De-vyled" ham was made out of the waste ends of smoked beef that were too small to be sliced by the machines; and also tripe, dyed with chemicals so that it would not show white; and trimmings of hams and corned beef; and potatoes, skins and all; and finally the hard cartilaginous gullets of beef, after the tongues had been cut out. All this ingenious mixture was ground up and flavored with spices to make it taste like something. Anybody who could invent a new imitation had been sure of a fortune from old Durham, said Jurgis' informant; but it was hard to think of anything new in a place where so many sharp wits had been at work for so long; where men welcomed tuberculosis in the cattle they were feeding, because it made them fatten more quickly; and where they bought up all the old rancid butter left over in the grocery stores of a continent, and "oxidized" it by a forcedair process, to take away the odor, rechurned it with skim milk, and sold it in bricks in the cities! Up to a year or two ago it had been the custom to kill horses in the yards—ostensibly for fertilizer; but after long agitation the newspapers had been able to make the public realize that the horses were being canned. Now it was against the law to kill horses in Packingtown, and the law was really complied with—for the present, at any rate. Any day, however, one might see sharp-horned and shaggy- haired creatures running with the sheep and yet what a job you would have to get the public to believe that a good part of what it buys for lamb and mutton is really goat's flesh! There was another interesting set of statistics that a person might have gathered in Packingtown—those of the various afflictions of the workers. When Jurgis had first inspected the packing plants with Szedvilas, he had marveled while he listened to the tale of all the things that were made out of the carcasses

Korean cartilaginous: 연골성의, 연골질의, 골격이 연골로 된, 연골의. corned: 소금에 절인, 소금에절인, 술취한. dyed: 물들인, 염색된. fatten: 살찌다, 살찌우다, 기름지게 하다. flavored: 맛이 있는, 맛좋은, 의 맛이 나는, 의 향기가 나는. grocery: 식료품점, 식료품류, 식료 잡화 판매업, 식료품점의, 식료

잡화류의, 식료 잡화류, 식료 잡화 판매업의. haired: 머리털이-인, 머리털이 있는. mutton: 양고기, 양고기의. potatoes: 감자. potted: 화분에 심은, 단지에 넣은, 병조림의, 병에 넣은. rubbers: 덧신, 고무로 만든 덧신. shaggy: 털복숭이의, 털이 더부룩한, 털 북숭이의, 길고 부드러운 털이 있는, 털이 많은, 풀숲이 많은, 얽히고

설킨. skim: 스쳐 지나가다, 로 덮이다, 미끄러져 나가다, 대충 훑어 읽다, 떠내다, 그물, 의 노른자위를 빼내다, 그물 국자, 엷은 층으로 덮다, 웃더껑이, 웃더껑이의 제거. suet: 소의 콩팥이나 허리 둘레의 굳기름, 소양의 지방, 양의 지방. tripe: 졸작, 반추동물의 위벽, 창자, 하찮은 것, 양, 하등품. veal: 송아지 고기.

106

The Jungle

of animals, and of all the lesser industries that were maintained there; now he found that each one of these lesser industries was a separate little inferno, in its way as horrible as the killing beds, the source and fountain of them all. The workers in each of them had their own peculiar diseases. And the wandering visitor might be skeptical about all the swindles, but he could not be skeptical about these, for the worker bore the evidence of them about on his own person— generally he had only to hold out his hand.% There were the men in the pickle rooms, for instance, where old Antanas had gotten his death; scarce a one of these that had not some spot of horror on his person. Let a man so much as scrape his finger pushing a truck in the pickle rooms, and he might have a sore that would put him out of the world; all the joints in his fingers might be eaten by the acid, one by one. Of the butchers and floorsmen, the beef-boners and trimmers, and all those who used knives, you could scarcely find a person who had the use of his thumb; time and time again the base of it had been slashed, till it was a mere lump of flesh against which the man pressed the knife to hold it. The hands of these men would be criss- crossed with cuts, until you could no longer pretend to count them or to trace them. They would have no nails,—they had worn them off pulling hides; their knuckles were swollen so that their fingers spread out like a fan. There were men who worked in the cooking rooms, in the midst of steam and sickening odors, by artificial light; in these rooms the germs of tuberculosis might live for two years, but the supply was renewed every hour. There were the beef-luggers, who carried two-hundred-pound quarters into the refrigerator-cars; a fearful kind of work, that began at four o'clock in the morning, and that wore out the most powerful men in a few years. There were those who worked in the chilling rooms, and whose special disease was rheumatism; the time limit that a man could work in the chilling rooms was said to be five years. There were the woolpluckers, whose hands went to pieces even sooner than the hands of the pickle men; for the pelts of the sheep had to be painted with acid to loosen the wool, and then the pluckers had to pull out this wool with their bare hands, till the acid had eaten their fingers off. There were those who made the tins for the canned meat; and their hands, too, were a maze of cuts, and each cut represented a

Korean fan: 팬, 키, 선풍기, 부채, 부채따위로 쫓다, 부추기다, 열광자, 키질하다, 부채질하다, 부채꼴로펼치다, 부채꼴로 펼치다. fountain: 분수, 샘, 기름통, 원천, 잉크 통, 분출하다, 쏘다 분수, 액체 저장 용기. inferno: 지옥, 지옥같은 광경, 지옥편. loosen: 늦추다, 놓다, 놓아주다, 느그러지다, 풀리다, 흩어지다, 풀다, 느슨하게 하다, 느슨해지다, 의 손을

늦추다, 에 변이 나오게 하다. skeptical: 회의적인. peculiar: 독특한, 묘한, 특유한, 특성, swollen: 부푼, 물이 불은, 과장된. 괴상함, 특별한, 사유 재산, 고유한, thumb: 엄지손가락, 마리화나 담배, 특수 지역, 특수 교구, 다른 관구의 빨리 넘기다, 서투르게 다루다, 감독 지배하의 특수 지역. 손가락으로 넘겨서 더럽히다, pressed: 바쁜, 모자라서, 눌린, 다린. 엄지손가락으로 넘기다, pretend: 속이다, 자부하다, 인 체하다, 엄지손가락으로 만지다, 거짓의, 감히..하려고 하다, 가장하다, 엄지손가락으로 책장을 넘기며 읽다, 체하다, 공상상의, 요구하다, 구실로 엄지손가락을 세워서 부탁하다, 삼다. 엄지손가락을 편승을 부탁하다, quarters: 병사. 편승을 부탁하다.

Upton Sinclair

107

chance %for blood poisoning. Some worked at the stamping machines, and it was very seldom that one could work long there at the pace that was set, and not give out and forget himself and have a part of his hand chopped off. There were the "hoisters," as they were called, whose task it was to press the lever which lifted the dead cattle off the floor. They ran along upon a rafter, peering down through the damp and the steam; and as old Durham's architects had not built the killing room for the convenience of the hoisters, at every few feet they would have to stoop under a beam, say four feet above the one they ran on; which got them into the habit of stooping, so that in a few years they would be walking like chimpanzees. Worst of any, however, were the fertilizer men, and those who served in the cooking rooms. These people could not be shown to the visitor,— for the odor of a fertilizer man would scare any ordinary visitor at a hundred yards, and as for the other men, who worked in tank rooms full of steam, and in some of which there were open vats near the level of the floor, their peculiar trouble was that they fell into the vats; and when they were fished out, there was never enough of them left to be worth exhibiting,—sometimes they would be overlooked for days, till all but the bones of them had gone out to the world as Durham's Pure Leaf Lard!

Korean beam: 광선, 선폭, 도리, 빛나다, 가로들보, 대, 성에, 대들보, 번쩍이다, 미소짓다, 들보. convenience: 편의, 편리, 변소, 편리한 것, 형편좋음, 이기, 편익, 사정, 공중 변소. damp: 습기, 못살게 굴다, 낙담시키다, 낙담, 기를 꺽다, 실망, 축죽한, 축축하게하다, 습기 있는-축축하게 하다, 방해-축죽한, 방해. feet: 발.

poisoning: 중독. 흐리다. rafter: 서까래, 뗏목 만드는 사람, 뗏목 stoop: 새우등, 현과의 툇마루, 허리가 타는 사람, 서까래를 만들다, 에 굽다, 전락하다, 굽히다, 굴종, 겸손, 서까래를 얹다, 쟁기로 갈아엎어 구부러지다, 몸을 굽히다, 하다, 밭이랑을 만들다, 에 서까래를 대다, 자신을 낮추어. 쟁기질을 하여 밭이랑을 만들다. tank: 탱크, 저수지, 전차, 물, 탱크에 seldom: 드물게, 흔히, 좀처럼...않는, 넣다, 감방, 탱크에 저장하다, 좀처럼, 않는. 탱크처럼 움직이다. steam: 힘, 증발하다, 김, 증기, 증기로 visitor: 체재객, 방문자, 장학사, 움직이다, 찌다, 기선 여행, 증기를 문병객, 관광객, 순시자, 철새, 쐬다, 원기, 증기을 내다, 김이 서려 방문객, 시찰원, 원정군.

108

The Jungle

CHAPTER 10

During%the early part of the winter the family had had money enough to live and a little over to pay their debts with; but when the earnings of Jurgis fell from nine or ten dollars a week to five or six, there was no longer anything to spare. The winter went, and the spring came, and found them still living thus from hand to mouth, hanging on day by day, with literally not a month's wages between them and starvation. Marija was in despair, for there was still no word about the reopening of the canning factory, and her savings were almost entirely gone. She had had to give up all idea of marrying then; the family could not get along without her—though for that matter she was likely soon to become a burden even upon them, for when her money was all gone, they would have to pay back what they owed her in board. So Jurgis and Ona and Teta Elzbieta would hold anxious conferences until late at night, trying to figure how they could manage this too without starving. Such were the cruel terms upon which their life was possible, that they might never have nor expect a single instant's respite from worry, a single instant in which they were not haunted by the thought of money. They would no sooner escape, as by a miracle, from one difficulty, than a new one would come into view. In addition to all their physical hardships, there was thus a constant strain upon their minds; they were harried all day and nearly all night by worry and fear. This was in truth not living; it was scarcely even existing, and they felt that

Korean addition: 부가, 부가물, 증가, 증축, 가산, 덧셈, 직함. anxious: 하고 싶어하는, 불안한, 걱정스러운, 열망하는, 열망하여, 걱정하는. burden: 부담, 귀찮은, 요지, 귀찮은일, 무거운짐, 무거운짐을 지우다, 무거운 짐, 괴롭히다, 노래의 반복구, 배의 적재력, 반복구. difficulty: 곤란, 이의, 궁박, 난국, 논쟁, 지장, 어려움, 항의, 곤경.

earnings: 소득, 수입, 벌이, 가득액, 번 취급하다, 헤쳐나가다, 먹다, 것. 어거하다, 어겨하다. escape: 도망, 달아나다, 도피, 면하다, savings: 저금. 탈출하다, 새다, 남지않다, 탈출, 샘, spare: 절약하다, 할애하다, 용서하다, 야생으로 돌아가다, 흐려지다. 나누어 주다, 예비품, 아끼지 않다, hanging: 교수형, 임박한, 매달린, 아끼다, 없는대로 지내다, 억누르다, 커튼, 걸린 것, 교살, 내리막, 검약하다, 삼가다. 교수형에 처할, 급경사, 급경사의, strain: 긴장시키다, 거르다, 종족, 매달기. 경향, 혈통, 기미, 남용하다, manage: 처리하다, 다루다, 조종하다, 접질하다, 잡아당기다, 성격, 너무 경영하다, 관리하다, 조교하다, 써서 손상 시키다.

Upton Sinclair

109

it %was too little for the price they paid. They were willing to work all the time; and when people did their best, ought they not to be able to keep alive? There seemed never to be an end to the things they had to buy and to the unforeseen contingencies. Once their water pipes froze and burst; and when, in their ignorance, they thawed them out, they had a terrifying flood in their house. It happened while the men were away, and poor Elzbieta rushed out into the street screaming for help, for she did not even know whether the flood could be stopped, or whether they were ruined for life. It was nearly as bad as the latter, they found in the end, for the plumber charged them seventy-five cents an hour, and seventy-five cents for another man who had stood and watched him, and included all the time the two had been going and coming, and also a charge for all sorts of material and extras. And then again, when they went to pay their January's installment on the house, the agent terrified them by asking them if they had had the insurance attended to yet. In answer to their inquiry he showed them a clause in the deed which provided that they were to keep the house insured for one thousand dollars, as soon as the present policy ran out, which would happen in a few days. Poor Elzbieta, upon whom again fell the blow, demanded how much it would cost them. Seven dollars, the man said; and that night came Jurgis, grim and determined, requesting that the agent would be good enough to inform him, once for all, as to all the expenses they were liable for. The deed was signed now, he said, with sarcasm proper to the new way of life he had learned—the deed was signed, and so the agent had no longer anything to gain by keeping quiet. And Jurgis looked the fellow squarely in the eye, and so the fellow wasted no time in conventional protests, but read him the deed. They would have to renew the insurance every year; they would have to pay the taxes, about ten dollars a year; they would have to pay the water tax, about six dollars a year—(Jurgis silently resolved to shut off the hydrant). This, besides the interest and the monthly installments, would be all—unless by chance the city should happen to decide to put in a sewer or to lay a sidewalk. Yes, said the agent, they would have to have these, whether they wanted them or not, if the city said so. The sewer would cost them about twenty-two dollars, and the sidewalk fifteen if it were wood, twenty-five if it were cement.

Korean cement: 시멘트, 유대, 접합제, 시멘트로 바르다, 결합, 백악질, 굳히다, 결합하다, 굳게하다, 양회, 접합하다. flood: 홍수, 범람, 범람하다, 관개하다, 만조, 밀어닥치다, 넘쳐 흐르다, 쇄도, 호수, 대해, 강. ignorance: 무식, 무지, 모르고 있음. installment: 분할 불입, 일회분, 분할 불입금, 분할불입방식의, 한권, 분할불의 일회분, 분할불.

insured: 보험에 가입한, 보험계약자, 보험이 걸린, 보험금 수취인, 피보험자. plumber: 연관공, 배관공, 스팀의 연관공, 가스의 연관공, 상의 연관공, 하수도의 연관공. renew: 재개하다, 갱신하다, 갱생시키다, 고쳐 쓰다, 다시 시작하다, 일신하다, 되풀이하다, 회복하다, 다시 시작되다, 되찾다, 되풀이 하다.

sarcasm: 풍자, 비꼼, 빈정댐, 빈정대는말. silently: 잠자코, 조용히, 아무 말 않고, 묵묵히, 고요하게. squarely: 정면으로, 직각으로, 공명정대하게, 네모지게, 배불리, 바로, 딱 잘라서, 단호하게, 거리낌없이, 정직하게, 정정당당히. unforeseen: 뜻밖의, 예기치 못한, 뜻하지 않은, 생각지 않은, 예측하기 어려운 일.

110

The Jungle

So Jurgis went home again; it was a relief to know the worst, at any rate, so that he could no more be surprised by fresh demands. He saw now how they had been plundered; but they were in for it, there was no turning back. They could only go on and make the fight and win— for defeat was a thing that could not even be thought of.% When the springtime came, they were delivered from the dreadful cold, and that was a great deal; but in addition they had counted on the money they would not have to pay for coal—and it was just at this time that Marija's board began to fail. Then, too, the warm weather brought trials of its own; each season had its trials, as they found. In the spring there were cold rains, that turned the streets into canals and bogs; the mud would be so deep that wagons would sink up to the hubs, so that half a dozen horses could not move them. Then, of course, it was impossible for any one to get to work with dry feet; and this was bad for men that were poorly clad and shod, and still worse for women and children. Later came midsummer, with the stifling heat, when the dingy killing beds of Durham's became a very purgatory; one time, in a single day, three men fell dead from sunstroke. All day long the rivers of hot blood poured forth, until, with the sun beating down, and the air motionless, the stench was enough to knock a man over; all the old smells of a generation would be drawn out by this heat—for there was never any washing of the walls and rafters and pillars, and they were caked with the filth of a lifetime. The men who worked on the killing beds would come to reek with foulness, so that you could smell one of them fifty feet away; there was simply no such thing as keeping decent, the most careful man gave it up in the end, and wallowed in uncleanness. There was not even a place where a man could wash his hands, and the men ate as much raw blood as food at dinnertime. When they were at work they could not even wipe off their faces—they were as helpless as newly born babes in that respect; and it may seem like a small matter, but when the sweat began to run down their necks and tickle them, or a fly to bother them, it was a torture like being burned alive. Whether it was the slaughterhouses or the dumps that were responsible, one could not say, but with the hot weather there descended upon Packingtown a veritable Egyptian plague of flies; there could be no describing this—the houses

Korean descended: 유래한, 전해진. 신호하다링, 팅삥, 동기가 없는. 증기, 악취가 나는 공기. dreadful: 무서운, 몹시 불쾌한, plague: 역병, 천재, 괴롭히다, 재해, stifling: 답답한, 숨막힐 듯한, 따분한, 지겨운, 지긋지긋한. 귀찮은 일, 성가신 사람, 천벌, 말썰- 딱딱하고 거북한, 거북살스러운, dumps: 침울, 우울. 역병에 걸리게 하다, 역병에 걸리게 숨막힐듯한. foulness: 부정, 불결, 악랄, 입이 하다, 페승, 재화 따위를 당하게 하다. sunstroke: 일사병. 상스러움, 불결물, 불결한것, 사나움, purgatory: 연옥, 일시적인 고난 상태, tickle: 간질이다, 가볍게 대다, 즐겁게 입이 더러움, 불결한 것. 지옥 같은 곳, 깨끗이 하는, 일시적인 하다, 재미나게하다, 손으로 잡다, midsummer: 한여름. 고난, 고난. 간질이기, 간질거리다, 간지러움, motionless: 움직이 않는, 퍄, reek: 김, 악취, 기미가 있다, 악취를 간지럽다, 간질간질하다, 간지럼. 뭄짓으로 신호하다, 움직이지 않는, 풍기다, 김을 내다, 연기, 냄새가 uncleanness: 불결. 정지한, 정지한-뭄짓으로 나다, 연기나다, 의 냄새가 나다, veritable: 진실의, 실제의.

Upton Sinclair

111

would be black with them. There was no escaping; you might provide all your doors and windows with screens, but their buzzing outside would be like the swarming of bees, and whenever you opened the door they would rush in as if a storm of wind were driving them.% Perhaps the summertime suggests to you thoughts of the country, visions of green fields and mountains and sparkling lakes. It had no such suggestion for the people in the yards. The great packing machine ground on remorselessly, without thinking of green fields; and the men and women and children who were part of it never saw any green thing, not even a flower. Four or five miles to the east of them lay the blue waters of Lake Michigan; but for all the good it did them it might have been as far away as the Pacific Ocean. They had only Sundays, and then they were too tired to walk. They were tied to the great packing machine, and tied to it for life. The managers and superintendents and clerks of Packingtown were all recruited from another class, and never from the workers; they scorned the workers, the very meanest of them. A poor devil of a bookkeeper who had been working in Durham's for twenty years at a salary of six dollars a week, and might work there for twenty more and do no better, would yet consider himself a gentleman, as far removed as the poles from the most skilled worker on the killing beds; he would dress differently, and live in another part of the town, and come to work at a different hour of the day, and in every way make sure that he never rubbed elbows with a laboring man. Perhaps this was due to the repulsiveness of the work; at any rate, the people who worked with their hands were a class apart, and were made to feel it. In the late spring the canning factory started up again, and so once more Marija was heard to sing, and the love-music of Tamoszius took on a less melancholy tone. It was not for long, however; for a month or two later a dreadful calamity fell upon Marija. Just one year and three days after she had begun work as a can-painter, she lost her job. It was a long story. Marija insisted that it was because of her activity in the union. The packers, of course, had spies in all the unions, and in addition they made a practice of buying up a certain number of the union officials, as many as

Korean apart: 떨어져, 대들다, 산산이, 떨어져서, 별개로. bookkeeper: 장부계원, 부기 계원. differently: 다르게, 같지 않게, 따로, 그렇지 않게, 별도로, 달리. flower: 꽃, 개화, 꽃이 피다, 화초, 번영하다, 만개, 꽃으로 꾸미다, 에 꽃을 피우다, 월경, 사화, 꽃을 피우다. laboring: 노동하는, 노동에 종사하는. melancholy: 우울, 우울한, 습관적인

우울, 우울병, 체질적인 우울, 우울증. remorselessly: 무자비하게, 후회없게. salary: 봉급, 월급, 에게 봉급을 주다, 급료. sing: 노래하다, 지저귀다, 울다, 울리다, 윙윙거리다, 픽픽하다, 시를 짓다, 노래가 되다, 소리치다, 자백하다, 노래를 짓다. sparkling: 반짝이는, 번득이는, 거품이 이는, 불꽃을 튀기는. storm: 폭풍우, 강습, 강습하다,

날뛰다, 호통치다, 빗발치듯 하는 총알, 큰비, 폭발, 돌진하다, 험알해지다, 심한 천둥. suggestion: 암시, 유발, 투, 제안, 기미, 생각남, 암시되어진 사람, 생각하기, 제의. whenever: 할 때에는 언제든지, 할때는 언제나, 도대체 언제. windows: 윈도우. worker: 일벌, 일하는 사람, 일개미, 노동자.

112

The Jungle

they %thought they needed. So every week they received reports as to what was going on, and often they knew things before the members of the union knew them. Any one who was considered to be dangerous by them would find that he was not a favorite with his boss; and Marija had been a great hand for going after the foreign people and preaching to them. However that might be, the known facts were that a few weeks before the factory closed, Marija had been cheated out of her pay for three hundred cans. The girls worked at a long table, and behind them walked a woman with pencil and notebook, keeping count of the number they finished. This woman was, of course, only human, and sometimes made mistakes; when this happened, there was no redress—if on Saturday you got less money than you had earned, you had to make the best of it. But Marija did not understand this, and made a disturbance. Marija's disturbances did not mean anything, and while she had known only Lithuanian and Polish, they had done no harm, for people only laughed at her and made her cry. But now Marija was able to call names in English, and so she got the woman who made the mistake to disliking her. Probably, as Marija claimed, she made mistakes on purpose after that; at any rate, she made them, and the third time it happened Marija went on the warpath and took the matter first to the forelady, and when she got no satisfaction there, to the superintendent. This was unheard-of presumption, but the superintendent said he would see about it, which Marija took to mean that she was going to get her money; after waiting three days, she went to see the superintendent again. This time the man frowned, and said that he had not had time to attend to it; and when Marija, against the advice and warning of every one, tried it once more, he ordered her back to her work in a passion. Just how things happened after that Marija was not sure, but that afternoon the forelady told her that her services would not be any longer required. Poor Marija could not have been more dumfounded had the woman knocked her over the head; at first she could not believe what she heard, and then she grew furious and swore that she would come anyway, that her place belonged to her. In the end she sat down in the middle of the floor and wept and wailed.

Korean disturbance: 방해물, 불안, 소동, 소란, 교란시키는 것, 방해, 침해. favorite: 마음에 드는 좋아하는 물건, 특히 좋아하는 물건, 특히 잘하는, 인기 있는 말, 마음에 드는, 좋아하는 사람. furious: 맹렬한, 격노한, 사납게 날뛰는, 노하여 펄펄 뛰는, 미쳐날뛰는, 미쳐 날뛰는, 소란스러운. harm: 해, 손해, 된서리 맞다, 해악,

손상, 상해, 해치다. mistake: 잘못 생각하다, 틀리다, 오해, 잘못, 오해하다, 그르치다, 착각하다. notebook: 공책, 수첩, 노트, 어음첩, 연습장, 잡기장, 필기장, 노우트. passion: 열정, 격정, 정욕, 정열, 수난, 감정의 폭발, 울화, 수동, 열렬한 사랑, 감탄하는 것, 열망하는 것. pencil: 연필, 화필, 광속, 연필로 쓴, 연필로 그리다, 광속선, 연필 모양의 물건, 연필로 쓰다.

preaching: 설교, 설교하는 것. presumption: 주제넘음, 추정, 할 것 같은, 가망, 뻔뻔스러움, 가정, 분수에 지나침. satisfaction: 사죄, 이행, 결투 신청에 응하다, 만족, 만족시키는 물건, 속죄, 사죄하다, 결투, 결투를 신청하다, 만족함, 만족을 주는 것. warning: 경고, 예고, 통지, 훈계, 전조, 경고의, 경보, 훈계의.

Upton Sinclair

113

It was a cruel lesson; but then Marija was headstrong—she should have listened to those who had had experience. The next time she would know her place, as the forelady expressed it; and so Marija went out, and the family faced the problem of an existence again.% It was especially hard this time, for Ona was to be confined before long, and Jurgis was trying hard to save up money for this. He had heard dreadful stories of the midwives, who grow as thick as fleas in Packingtown; and he had made up his mind that Ona must have a man-doctor. Jurgis could be very obstinate when he wanted to, and he was in this case, much to the dismay of the women, who felt that a man-doctor was an impropriety, and that the matter really belonged to them. The cheapest doctor they could find would charge them fifteen dollars, and perhaps more when the bill came in; and here was Jurgis, declaring that he would pay it, even if he had to stop eating in the meantime! Marija had only about twenty-five dollars left. Day after day she wandered about the yards begging a job, but this time without hope of finding it. Marija could do the work of an able-bodied man, when she was cheerful, but discouragement wore her out easily, and she would come home at night a pitiable object. She learned her lesson this time, poor creature; she learned it ten times over. All the family learned it along with her—that when you have once got a job in Packingtown, you hang on to it, come what will. Four weeks Marija hunted, and half of a fifth week. Of course she stopped paying her dues to the union. She lost all interest in the union, and cursed herself for a fool that she had ever been dragged into one. She had about made up her mind that she was a lost soul, when somebody told her of an opening, and she went and got a place as a "beef-trimmer." She got this because the boss saw that she had the muscles of a man, and so he discharged a man and put Marija to do his work, paying her a little more than half what he had been paying before. When she first came to Packingtown, Marija would have scorned such work as this. She was in another canning factory, and her work was to trim the meat of those diseased cattle that Jurgis had been told about not long before. She was

Korean cheerful: 즐거운, 유쾌한, 쾌활한, 싫은, 지독한, 마음으로 부터의, 기분 좋은, 기운찬, 마음을 밝게하는, 명랑한, 밝은. confined: 갇힌, 외출이 금지된, 좁은, 한정된, 해산 자리에 누워. creature: 생물, 창조물, 인간, 노예, 소산, 녀석, 사람, 가공의 동물, 지배 당하는 자, 여자, 부하. discouragement: 낙담, 방해, 낙심, 기를 죽이는 것, 단념시킴, 반대,

실망, 지장, 기를 죽이는 사정, 기를 죽이는 행위. dues: 부과금. eating: 먹기, 식용의, 식품, 식품좀먹어들어가는, 좀먹어 들어가는, 음식, 물. faced: 한 얼굴을 한, 둥근 얼굴의, 정변을 향한, 활자가 굵은, 표면이 ..한. hang: 교살하다, 걸다, 조금도, 벽에 바르다, 걸림새, 취지, 늘어뜨리다,

방식, 사용법, 요령, 늘어지다. lesson: 학과, 교훈, 일과, 과업, 연습, 수업, 훈계하다, 연속적인 수업, 과, 교과서 중의 과, 교습. soul: 영혼, 정수, 정신, 확실히, 기백, 단연코, 열정, 화신, 사람, 흑인이 전하는 강렬한 느낌, 흑인 본래의. thick: 가장 두꺼운부분, 두껍게, 우거진 수풀, 만난을 무릅쓰고, 한창 때, 굵은, 진하게, 두꺼운, 빽빽한, 짙은, 진한.

114

The Jungle

shut%up in one of the rooms where the people seldom saw the daylight; beneath her were the chilling rooms, where the meat was frozen, and above her were the cooking rooms; and so she stood on an ice-cold floor, while her head was often so hot that she could scarcely breathe. Trimming beef off the bones by the hundred-weight, while standing up from early morning till late at night, with heavy boots on and the floor always damp and full of puddles, liable to be thrown out of work indefinitely because of a slackening in the trade, liable again to be kept overtime in rush seasons, and be worked till she trembled in every nerve and lost her grip on her slimy knife, and gave herself a poisoned wound— that was the new life that unfolded itself before Marija. But because Marija was a human horse she merely laughed and went at it; it would enable her to pay her board again, and keep the family going. And as for Tamoszius—well, they had waited a long time, and they could wait a little longer. They could not possibly get along upon his wages alone, and the family could not live without hers. He could come and visit her, and sit in the kitchen and hold her hand, and he must manage to be content with that. But day by day the music of Tamoszius' violin became more passionate and heartbreaking; and Marija would sit with her hands clasped and her cheeks wet and all her body atremble, hearing in the wailing melodies the voices of the unborn generations which cried out in her for life. Marija's lesson came just in time to save Ona from a similar fate. Ona, too, was dissatisfied with her place, and had far more reason than Marija. She did not tell half of her story at home, because she saw it was a torment to Jurgis, and she was afraid of what he might do. For a long time Ona had seen that Miss Henderson, the forelady in her department, did not like her. At first she thought it was the old-time mistake she had made in asking for a holiday to get married. Then she concluded it must be because she did not give the forelady a present occasionally—she was the kind that took presents from the girls, Ona learned, and made all sorts of discriminations in favor of those who gave them. In the end, however, Ona discovered that it was even worse than that. Miss Henderson was a newcomer, and it was some time before rumor made her out; but finally it transpired that she was a kept woman, the former mistress of the superintendent

Korean daylight: 일광, 주간, 낮, 틈, 눈, 이해, 의식. dissatisfied: 불만인, 불만인의, 불만스러운. heartbreaking: 진력나는, 가슴이 터질듯한, 따분한, 싫증나는, 애끓느 마음을 자아내는, 애끓는, 단장의 슬픔을 안겨주는. indefinitely: 막연히, 무기한으로, 부정의, 불명료한, 불명확하게, 일정하지 않은, 한계 없는.

newcomer: 신출내기, 신참자, 새로온 풍설, 풍설 소문을 내다, 소문내다, 사람, 풋내기, 새로 온 사람. 소문을 내다. overtime: 에 시간을 너무 잡다, 초과 slimy: 더러운, 끈적끈적한, 근무, 정시 외 노동 시간, 잔업 시간, 흙투성이인, 질척질척한, 시간외의, 정시 외의, 시간 외에, 에 굽실굽실하는, 진흙투성이의, 불쾌한. 너무 많은 시간을 들이다, 규정시간 torment: 고통, 괴롭히다, 못살게 굴다, 외에, 규정외 노동시간. 나무라다, 그원인, 고민, 괴롭힘, passionate: 열렬한, 감정적인, 감정에 곤란하게 하다, 고문대. 지배되는, 성 잘 내는, 열렬하다, unborn: 후세의, 미래의, 아직 열렬하는, 인정에 무른, 화내기 쉬운. 태어나지 않은, 아직 태어나지않은, rumor: 소문, 소음, 풍문, 유언비어, 태내의, 장래의.

Upton Sinclair

115

of%a department in the same building. He had put her there to keep her quiet, it seemed—and that not altogether with success, for once or twice they had been heard quarreling. She had the temper of a hyena, and soon the place she ran was a witch's caldron. There were some of the girls who were of her own sort, who were willing to toady to her and flatter her; and these would carry tales about the rest, and so the furies were unchained in the place. Worse than this, the woman lived in a bawdyhouse downtown, with a coarse, red-faced Irishman named Connor, who was the boss of the loading-gang outside, and would make free with the girls as they went to and from their work. In the slack seasons some of them would go with Miss Henderson to this house downtown—in fact, it would not be too much to say that she managed her department at Brown's in conjunction with it. Sometimes women from the house would be given places alongside of decent girls, and after other decent girls had been turned off to make room for them. When you worked in this woman's department the house downtown was never out of your thoughts all day—there were always whiffs of it to be caught, like the odor of the Packingtown rendering plants at night, when the wind shifted suddenly. There would be stories about it going the rounds; the girls opposite you would be telling them and winking at you. In such a place Ona would not have stayed a day, but for starvation; and, as it was, she was never sure that she could stay the next day. She understood now that the real reason that Miss Henderson hated her was that she was a decent married girl; and she knew that the talebearers and the toadies hated her for the same reason, and were doing their best to make her life miserable. But there was no place a girl could go in Packingtown, if she was particular about things of this sort; there was no place in it where a prostitute could not get along better than a decent girl. Here was a population, low-class and mostly foreign, hanging always on the verge of starvation, and dependent for its opportunities of life upon the whim of men every bit as brutal and unscrupulous as the old-time slave drivers; under such circumstances immorality was exactly as inevitable, and as prevalent, as it was under the system of chattel slavery. Things that were quite unspeakable went on there in the packing houses all the time, and were taken for granted by everybody; only they did not show, as in the

Korean bawdyhouse: 매음굴. chattel: 동산, 소지품, 가재. conjunction: 접속사, 결합, 연결, 접속, 합, 동시 발생, 접합, 합동, 삭, 연락. flatter: 아첨하다, 알랑거리다, 기쁘게 하다, 실물보다 좋게 그리다, 우쭐케하다, 우쭐해지다, 즐겁게 하다, 실물 이상으로 좋게 나타내다, 우쭐하게 하다. furies: 복수의 세여신, 복수의세여신.

hyena: 하이에나, 욕심꾸러기, 잔혹한 사람. immorality: 부도덕, 추행, 외설, 품행이 나쁨, 풍속, 난잡함, 문란, 부도덕행위, 음란, 품행 나쁨, 난행. mostly: 대개. prostitute: 매춘부, 돈의 노예, 매음시키다, 근전에 좌우되는, 악용하다, 매춘하다, 팔다, 약용하다, 암캐, 매춘의, 이익을 위해서 팔다. red-faced: 얼굴이 붉은, 화가 난,

부끄러운, 당황한, 얼굴을 붉힌. rendering: 번역, 표현, 연주, 연출, 반환, 정제, 초벌칠, 교부, 인도, 번역문, 묘사. toady: 아첨쟁이, 아첨하다. unscrupulous: 비양심적인, 무법한, 예사로나쁜짓을하는, 거리낌없는, 사악한. unspeakable: 이루말할수없는, 심한, 언어도단의, 형언하기 어려운, 말하기 싫은, 입에 담기도 싫은.

116

The Jungle

old slavery times, because there was no difference in color between master and slave.% One morning Ona stayed home, and Jurgis had the man-doctor, according to his whim, and she was safely delivered of a fine baby. It was an enormous big boy, and Ona was such a tiny creature herself, that it seemed quite incredible. Jurgis would stand and gaze at the stranger by the hour, unable to believe that it had really happened. The coming of this boy was a decisive event with Jurgis. It made him irrevocably a family man; it killed the last lingering impulse that he might have had to go out in the evenings and sit and talk with the men in the saloons. There was nothing he cared for now so much as to sit and look at the baby. This was very curious, for Jurgis had never been interested in babies before. But then, this was a very unusual sort of a baby. He had the brightest little black eyes, and little black ringlets all over his head; he was the living image of his father, everybody said—and Jurgis found this a fascinating circumstance. It was sufficiently perplexing that this tiny mite of life should have come into the world at all in the manner that it had; that it should have come with a comical imitation of its father's nose was simply uncanny. Perhaps, Jurgis thought, this was intended to signify that it was his baby; that it was his and Ona's, to care for all its life. Jurgis had never possessed anything nearly so interesting—a baby was, when you came to think about it, assuredly a marvelous possession. It would grow up to be a man, a human soul, with a personality all its own, a will of its own! Such thoughts would keep haunting Jurgis, filling him with all sorts of strange and almost painful excitements. He was wonderfully proud of little Antanas; he was curious about all the details of him—the washing and the dressing and the eating and the sleeping of him, and asked all sorts of absurd questions. It took him quite a while to get over his alarm at the incredible shortness of the little creature's legs. Jurgis had, alas, very little time to see his baby; he never felt the chains about him more than just then. When he came home at night, the baby would be asleep, and it would be the merest chance if he awoke before Jurgis had to go to

Korean absurd: 불합리한, 어리석은, 부조리한, 모순된, 부조리. awoke: 깨우다의 과거분사. dressing: 드레싱, 마무리, 몸치장, 장식, 붕대, 끝손질, 비료, 손질, 엄한 질책, 옷입기. evenings: 매일저녁. imitation: 모방, 모조품, 모사, 흉내, 인조, 위조품, 비슷하게 만든 것, 모조, 모방모조, 가짜, 모방작법. impulse: 충격, 충동, 자극, 추진, 변덕,

충격량, 역적, 고무, 일시적 가까움, 무뚝뚝함, 냉랭함, 부서지기 감정순간력, 욕구. 쉬움, 간략. irrevocably: 취소할 수 없는, 되부를 signify: 의미하다, 중대하다, 수 없는, 변경할 수 없는. 예시하다, 나타내다, 중요하다, 의 lingering: 머뭇거리는, 오래끄는, 못내 전조가 되다. 아쉬운, 미련이 있는, 오래 끄는, slavery: 노예 제도, 고역, 중노동, 주저하는. 노예의 신분, 예속, 노예의 신세, mite: 진드기, 잔돈, 조금, 작은 것, 포로, 천한 일, 군침 투성이의, 군침 정성어린 기부, 소액이지만 정성어린 흘리는. 기부, 매우 조그만 것. wonderfully: 이상하게, 훌륭하게, shortness: 짧음, 부족, 무름, 낮음, 이상하게도.

Upton Sinclair

117

sleep%himself. Then in the morning there was no time to look at him, so really the only chance the father had was on Sundays. This was more cruel yet for Ona, who ought to have stayed home and nursed him, the doctor said, for her own health as well as the baby's; but Ona had to go to work, and leave him for Teta Elzbieta to feed upon the pale blue poison that was called milk at the corner grocery. Ona's confinement lost her only a week's wages—she would go to the factory the second Monday, and the best that Jurgis could persuade her was to ride in the car, and let him run along behind and help her to Brown's when she alighted. After that it would be all right, said Ona, it was no strain sitting still sewing hams all day; and if she waited longer she might find that her dreadful forelady had put some one else in her place. That would be a greater calamity than ever now, Ona continued, on account of the baby. They would all have to work harder now on his account. It was such a responsibility—they must not have the baby grow up to suffer as they had. And this indeed had been the first thing that Jurgis had thought of himself—he had clenched his hands and braced himself anew for the struggle, for the sake of that tiny mite of human possibility. And so Ona went back to Brown's and saved her place and a week's wages; and so she gave herself some one of the thousand ailments that women group under the title of "womb trouble," and was never again a well person as long as she lived. It is difficult to convey in words all that this meant to Ona; it seemed such a slight offense, and the punishment was so out of all proportion, that neither she nor any one else ever connected the two. "Womb trouble" to Ona did not mean a specialist's diagnosis, and a course of treatment, and perhaps an operation or two; it meant simply headaches and pains in the back, and depression and heartsickness, and neuralgia when she had to go to work in the rain. The great majority of the women who worked in Packingtown suffered in the same way, and from the same cause, so it was not deemed a thing to see the doctor about; instead Ona would try patent medicines, one after another, as her friends told her about them. As these all contained alcohol, or some other stimulant, she found that they all did her good while she took them; and so she

Korean alcohol: 알코올, 주류. anew: 재차, 다시, 새로이, 다시 한번. confinement: 제한, 감금, 해산, 유폐, 틀어박힘, 억류, 한계, 산욕, 국한, 해산자리에 누움. connected: 연속된, 관계가 있는, 일관된, 연고가 있는, 관계있는, 연락이 있는. convey: 양도하다, 전달하다, 나르다, 전하다, 뜻하다, 알리다, 옮기다, 나타내다, 운반하다, 시사하다.

depression: 침하, 저기압, 우묵 팬곳, 하락, 함몰, 억압, 우울, 움푹한 땅, 의기소침, 불황, 의기 소침. diagnosis: 진단, 진단법. feed: 공급하다, 먹이를 먹다, 만족시키다, 기르다, 공급재료, 먹을 것을 줌, 사료, 식사공급, 음식물을주다, 식사, 음식물을 주다. neuralgia: 신경통. offense: 반칙, 죄, 위반. persuade: 납득시키다, 주장하다,

설복하다, 설득하다. poison: 독, 해독, 헤치다, 독살하다, 해로운, 폐해-독을 넣다, 폐해, 독약, 못쓰게 하다-해로운, 못쓰게 하다, 독을 넣다. punishment: 학대, 처벌, 형벌, 벌, 강타, 가혹한 처사, 경기 등에서 지치게 함, 징벌, 지치게 함. sake: 목적, 위함, 이유, 제발, 을 위함. stimulant: 자극성의, 흥분시키는, 흥분제, 자극물.

118

The Jungle

was always chasing the phantom of good health, and losing it because she was too poor to continue.%

Korean losing: 승산없는, 실패의, 패배의, 실패, 지는. phantom: 환상, 유령, 환영, 꼭두, 유령같은, 가공의, 독깨비, 도깨비, 모형, 외관뿐인 것, 외관뿐인 사람. poor: 가난한, 불쌍한, 빈약한, 운수 나쁜, 가난하게, 열등한, 부족한, 초라한, 빈민, 비천한, 볼품없는.

Upton Sinclair

CHAPTER

119

%11

During the summer the packing houses were in full activity again, and Jurgis made more money. He did not make so much, however, as he had the previous summer, for the packers took on more hands. There were new men every week, it seemed—it was a regular system; and this number they would keep over to the next slack season, so that every one would have less than ever. Sooner or later, by this plan, they would have all the floating labor of Chicago trained to do their work. And how very cunning a trick was that! The men were to teach new hands, who would some day come and break their strike; and meantime they were kept so poor that they could not prepare for the trial! But let no one suppose that this superfluity of employees meant easier work for any one! On the contrary, the speeding-up seemed to be growing more savage all the time; they were continually inventing new devices to crowd the work on—it was for all the world like the thumbscrew of the medieval torture chamber. They would get new pacemakers and pay them more; they would drive the men on with new machinery—it was said that in the hog-killing rooms the speed at which the hogs moved was determined by clockwork, and that it was increased a little every day. In piecework they would reduce the time, requiring the same work in a shorter time, and paying the same wages; and then, after the workers had accustomed themselves to this new speed, they would reduce the rate of payment to correspond with the reduction in time! They had

Korean accustomed: 익숙한, 평소의, 여느 불리한, 거꾸로의, 반대명제, 때와 다름없는, 길든, 습관의, 에 외고집의. 익숙한. correspond: 일치하다, 교신하다, 에 clockwork: 태엽장치, 시계 장치, 상당하다, 조화하다, 교환하다, 시계장치, 시계장치같은, 태엽 장치, 부합하다, 왕래하다, 상당하다, 서신 태엽 장치와 같은, 태엽 장치의, 시계 왕래하다, 에 대응하다, 에 해당하다. 장치와 같은, 시계 장치의. cunning: 교묘한, 교활한, 귀여운, continually: 빈번히, 줄곧, 계속해서, 노련한, 멋있는, 숙련, 솜씨, 현명한, 끊임없이, 계속적으로. 재간있는, 약삭빠른, 빈틈없음. contrary: 반대의, 심술궂은, 상반하는 floating: 유동하는, 떠있는, 부동하는, 사물, 정반대, 반대로, 거꾸로, 역, 부동적인, 변동하는, 부동, 부유,

유리성의, 해상에 있는, 떠 있는. medieval: 중세의, 중세풍의. superfluity: 여분, 남아 돌아가는 돈, 여분의 것. thumbscrew: 나비나사, 엄지손가락을 죄는 형틀. torture: 고문, 곡해하다, 고통, 을 고문하다, 몹시 괴롭히다, 억지로 갖다 붙이다, 억지로 비틀다, 억지로 꼬부리다, 고문하다, 괴롭히다, 심한 고통.

120

The Jungle

done this so often in the canning establishments that the girls were fairly desperate; their wages had gone down by a full third in the past two years, and a storm of discontent was brewing that was likely to break any day. Only a month after Marija had become a beef-trimmer the canning factory that she had left posted a cut that would divide the girls' earnings almost squarely in half; and so great was the indignation at this that they marched out without even a parley, and organized in the street outside. One of the girls had read somewhere that a red flag was the proper symbol for oppressed workers, and so they mounted one, and paraded all about the yards, yelling with rage. A new union was the result of this outburst, but the impromptu strike went to pieces in three days, owing to the rush of new labor. At the end of it the girl who had carried the red flag went downtown and got a position in a great department store, at a salary of two dollars and a half a week.% Jurgis and Ona heard these stories with dismay, for there was no telling when their own time might come. Once or twice there had been rumors that one of the big houses was going to cut its unskilled men to fifteen cents an hour, and Jurgis knew that if this was done, his turn would come soon. He had learned by this time that Packingtown was really not a number of firms at all, but one great firm, the Beef Trust. And every week the managers of it got together and compared notes, and there was one scale for all the workers in the yards and one standard of efficiency. Jurgis was told that they also fixed the price they would pay for beef on the hoof and the price of all dressed meat in the country; but that was something he did not understand or care about. The only one who was not afraid of a cut was Marija, who congratulated herself, somewhat naïvely, that there had been one in her place only a short time before she came. Marija was getting to be a skilled beef-trimmer, and was mounting to the heights again. During the summer and fall Jurgis and Ona managed to pay her back the last penny they owed her, and so she began to have a bank account. Tamoszius had a bank account also, and they ran a race, and began to figure upon household expenses once more.

Korean brewing: 양조량, 폭풍우의 전조, 양조, 검은 구름, 앙조, 양조업. discontent: 불만, 불만을 품게하다, 불만의 원인, 불만이 있는, 불평이 있는. divide: 분배하다, 분리하다, 나누다, 갈라지다, 가르다, 대립시키다, 표결하다, 표결하다-분수계, 분수계, 분류하다, 분계. flag: 기, 포석을 깔다, 기를 올리다, 기로 꾸미다, 둘쨋줄 칼깃, 시들다,

판석포장도로, 판석, 플래그, 붓꽃의 무리, 신호로 정지시키다. hoof: 걷다, 발굽으로 차다, 춤추다, 굽, 발굽. impromptu: 즉흥곡, 즉석에서, 즉흥적인, 즉석에서의, 즉흥적으로, 준비없이의, 즉석 연설, 준비없이, 즉석연설즉흥시, 즉석의 연설, 임시변통으로. indignation: 분개, 의분, 분. mounted: 기동력이 있는, 기마의,

말탄, 박힌, 붙박이한, 대를 붙인, 말에 탄, 자전거에 탄, 탈것에 탄, 계획되어 있는. mounting: 포가, 설치, 마구, 박제, 장비, 총가, 대포 따위의 설치. organized: 조직된, 계획된, 유기적인, 노동조합에 가입된, 정돈된. penny: 페니, 영국의 청동화, 티끌 모아 태산, 잔돈, 고대 로마의 은화, 금전, 퍼센트. symbol: 상징, 기호, 신조, 표, 심벌.

Upton Sinclair

121

The possession of vast wealth entails cares and responsibilities, however, as poor Marija found out. She had taken the advice of a friend and invested her savings in a bank on Ashland Avenue. Of course she knew nothing about it, except that it was big and imposing—what possible chance has a poor foreign working girl to understand the banking business, as it is conducted in this land of frenzied finance? So Marija lived in a continual dread lest something should happen to her bank, and would go out of her way mornings to make sure that it was still there. Her principal thought was of fire, for she had deposited her money in bills, and was afraid that if they were burned up the bank would not give her any others. Jurgis made fun of her for this, for he was a man and was proud of his superior knowledge, telling her that the bank had fireproof vaults, and all its millions of dollars hidden safely away in them.% However, one morning Marija took her usual detour, and, to her horror and dismay, saw a crowd of people in front of the bank, filling the avenue solid for half a block. All the blood went out of her face for terror. She broke into a run, shouting to the people to ask what was the matter, but not stopping to hear what they answered, till she had come to where the throng was so dense that she could no longer advance. There was a "run on the bank," they told her then, but she did not know what that was, and turned from one person to another, trying in an agony of fear to make out what they meant. Had something gone wrong with the bank? Nobody was sure, but they thought so. Couldn't she get her money? There was no telling; the people were afraid not, and they were all trying to get it. It was too early yet to tell anything— the bank would not open for nearly three hours. So in a frenzy of despair Marija began to claw her way toward the doors of this building, through a throng of men, women, and children, all as excited as herself. It was a scene of wild confusion, women shrieking and wringing their hands and fainting, and men fighting and trampling down everything in their way. In the midst of the melee Marija recollected that she did not have her bankbook, and could not get her money anyway, so she fought her way out and started on a run for home. This was fortunate for her, for a few minutes later the police reserves arrived.

Korean bankbook: 예금 통장, 은행 통장. banking: 은행업, 횡경사, 은행업의, 근해 어업, 제방 쌓기, 제방 공사, 은행 업무, 은행의. claw: 집게발, 순경, 손톱으로 할퀴다, 사람 손, 체포하다, 갈고리 발톱, 발톱꼴의 것, 고리 발톱이 있는 발, 이물을 바람머리로 돌리다, 긁어모으다, 움켜잡음. continual: 빈번한, 계속적인, 끊임없는, 자주 일어나는, 연속적인.

dense: 우둔한, 조밀한, 짙은, 농밀한, 머리가 나쁜, 밀집한, 이해하기 힘든. detour: 우회로, 우회, 돌아서 가다. excited: 흥분한, 흥분한 활발한, 여기한, 여기 상태의. fainting: 기절, 실신, 졸도, 졸도하는, 기철의, 의기소침. fireproof: 불연성의, 내화성의, 내화의, 방화의, 내화성으로 하다. fortunate: 행운의, 운이 좋은, 행운아, 행운을 갖다주는.

frenzied: 열광한, 격앙한, 격노한, 열광적인. frenzy: 격앙, 광란, 열광, 격앙시키다, 격분, 광포. hidden: 숨겨진, 숨은. melee: 난투, 혼전, 치고 받기. shouting: 외침, 환호, 고함 소리. toward: 에 대하여, 을 위하여, 가까이, 온순한, 으로의, 의 쪽으로, 무렵, 쪽으로, 바야흐로 일어나려는, 에 가까이, 전도 유망한.

122

The Jungle

In half an hour Marija was back, Teta Elzbieta with her, both of them breathless with running and sick with fear. The crowd was now formed in a line, extending for several blocks, with half a hundred policemen keeping guard, and so there was nothing for them to do but to take their places at the end of it. At nine o'clock the bank opened and began to pay the waiting throng; but then, what good did that do Marija, who saw three thousand people before her— enough to take out the last penny of a dozen banks? To make matters worse a drizzling rain came up, and soaked them to the skin; yet all the morning they stood there, creeping slowly toward the goal—all the afternoon they stood there, heartsick, seeing that the hour of closing was coming, and that they were going to be left out. Marija made up her mind that, come what might, she would stay there and keep her place; but as nearly all did the same, all through the long, cold night, she got very little closer to the bank for that. Toward evening Jurgis came; he had heard the story from the children, and he brought some food and dry wraps, which made it a little easier.% The next morning, before daybreak, came a bigger crowd than ever, and more policemen from downtown. Marija held on like grim death, and toward afternoon she got into the bank and got her money—all in big silver dollars, a handkerchief full. When she had once got her hands on them her fear vanished, and she wanted to put them back again; but the man at the window was savage, and said that the bank would receive no more deposits from those who had taken part in the run. So Marija was forced to take her dollars home with her, watching to right and left, expecting every instant that some one would try to rob her; and when she got home she was not much better off. Until she could find another bank there was nothing to do but sew them up in her clothes, and so Marija went about for a week or more, loaded down with bullion, and afraid to cross the street in front of the house, because Jurgis told her she would sink out of sight in the mud. Weighted this way she made her way to the yards, again in fear, this time to see if she had lost her place; but fortunately about ten per cent of the working people of Packingtown had been depositors in that bank, and it was not convenient to discharge that many at once. The cause of the panic had

Korean bullion: 금덩어리. closing: 마감, 폐쇄, 마지막의, 종결, 결산, 결산의, 폐점, 마감하는, 밀폐, 폐회의, 종장의. convenient: 편리한, 에 가까운, 형편이 좋은, 손쉬운, 형편이좋은, 간편한 손쉽고 편리한, 사용하기 좋은, 부근에. discharge: 발사하다, 방전, 방출하다, 이행하다, 방전하다, 해임, 짐을부리다, 번지다, 해고, 해고하다,

발사. fortunately: 다행히도, 운좋게, 다행히. handkerchief: 손수건. heartsick: 불행한, 비탄에 젖은, 심뇌하는, 비통한. mud: 진흙, 보수적이다, 발전이 없다, 진창. panic: 공황적인, 공황, 열광케 하다, 당황, 낭패, 낭패의, 공포, 당황하다, 목신 팬의, 갈팡질팡하다, 당찮은.

rob: 강탈하다, 강도질을 하다, 훔치다, 남자 이름, 약탈을 하다, 잃게하다, 의 속을 뒤져 훔치다, 강도질하다, 약탈하다, 빼앗다, 에서 빼앗다. sew: 꿰매어 붙이다, 바느질하다, 깁다, 박다, 꿰매다, 꿰매어 막다, 재봉하다, 재봉하여 만들다, 철하다. sink: 쇠약해지다, 내려앉다, 낮추다, 가라앉히다, 지다, 스며들다, 몰락하다, 침몰하다, 숙이다, 쑥 빠지다, 우묵해지다.

Upton Sinclair

123

been the attempt of a policeman to arrest a drunken man in a saloon next door, which had drawn a crowd at the hour the people were on their way to work, and so started the "run." About this time Jurgis and Ona also began a bank account. Besides having paid Jonas and Marija, they had almost paid for their furniture, and could have that little sum to count on. So long as each of them could bring home nine or ten dollars a week, they were able to get along finely. Also election day came round again, and Jurgis made half a week's wages out of that, all net profit. It was a very close election that year, and the echoes of the battle reached even to Packingtown. The two rival sets of grafters hired halls and set off fireworks and made speeches, to try to get the people interested in the matter. Although Jurgis did not understand it all, he knew enough by this time to realize that it was not supposed to be right to sell your vote. However, as every one did it, and his refusal to join would not have made the slightest difference in the results, the idea of refusing would have seemed absurd, had it ever come into his head.% Now chill winds and shortening days began to warn them that the winter was coming again. It seemed as if the respite had been too short— they had not had time enough to get ready for it; but still it came, inexorably, and the hunted look began to come back into the eyes of little Stanislovas. The prospect struck fear to the heart of Jurgis also, for he knew that Ona was not fit to face the cold and the snowdrifts this year. And suppose that some day when a blizzard struck them and the cars were not running, Ona should have to give up, and should come the next day to find that her place had been given to some one who lived nearer and could be depended on? It was the week before Christmas that the first storm came, and then the soul of Jurgis rose up within him like a sleeping lion. There were four days that the Ashland Avenue cars were stalled, and in those days, for the first time in his life, Jurgis knew what it was to be really opposed. He had faced difficulties before, but they had been child's play; now there was a death struggle, and all the furies were unchained within him. The first morning they set out two hours before dawn, Ona wrapped all in blankets and tossed upon his shoulder like a sack of

Korean arrest: 체포하다, 체포, 막다, 저지하다, 붙들다, 구속, 구류, 저지, 마음을 끌다, 마음을 끌다-저지, 정지. blizzard: 심한눈보라, 심한 눈보라, 일제 사격, 돌발, 폭풍설. drunken: 술취한, 술고래의. finely: 훌륭하게, 아름답게, 정교하게, 미세하게, 잘게, 곱게, 가늘게, 멋지게, 세밀하게. fireworks: 기지 등의 번뜩임, 분노의

폭발, 불꽃. inexorably: 냉혹하게, 무자비하게. lion: 사자, 용사, 명사, 아이온, 인기의 중심, 명소, 라이온, 라이온스 클럽의 회원, 사자 별자리, 사자문장, 사자인. opposed: 반대의, 적대하는, 대립된, 반대하는. refusal: 거절, 사퇴, 선매권, 거부, 우선권, 거절된 사물, 우선선택권, 취사 선택, 취사선택, 취사선택권. rival: 경쟁하다, 호적수, 적수, 경쟁자,

와 경쟁하다, 경쟁하는, 라이벌, 경쟁 상대, 대항하는, 서로 겨루다, 맞겨루다. sack: 약탈, 마대, 약탈하다, 해고, 잠자리, 주머니 부대, 부대, 침낭, 누, 큰 자루, 퇴짜. shortening: 단축, 생략, 쇼트닝, 단축어, 생략어, 생략법. struck: 파업으로 폐쇄된. warn: 경고하다, 훈계하다, 예고하다, 에 통고하다, 주의하다.

124

The Jungle

meal, and the little boy, bundled nearly out of sight, hanging by his coat-tails. There was a raging blast beating in his face, and the thermometer stood below zero; the snow was never short of his knees, and in some of the drifts it was nearly up to his armpits. It would catch his feet and try to trip him; it would build itself into a wall before him to beat him back; and he would fling himself into it, plunging like a wounded buffalo, puffing and snorting in rage. So foot by foot he drove his way, and when at last he came to Durham's he was staggering and almost blind, and leaned against a pillar, gasping, and thanking God that the cattle came late to the killing beds that day. In the evening the same thing had to be done again; and because Jurgis could not tell what hour of the night he would get off, he got a saloon-keeper to let Ona sit and wait for him in a corner. Once it was eleven o'clock at night, and black as the pit, but still they got home.% That blizzard knocked many a man out, for the crowd outside begging for work was never greater, and the packers would not wait long for any one. When it was over, the soul of Jurgis was a song, for he had met the enemy and conquered, and felt himself the master of his fate.—So it might be with some monarch of the forest that has vanquished his foes in fair fight, and then falls into some cowardly trap in the night-time. A time of peril on the killing beds was when a steer broke loose. Sometimes, in the haste of speeding-up, they would dump one of the animals out on the floor before it was fully stunned, and it would get upon its feet and run amuck. Then there would be a yell of warning—the men would drop everything and dash for the nearest pillar, slipping here and there on the floor, and tumbling over each other. This was bad enough in the summer, when a man could see; in wintertime it was enough to make your hair stand up, for the room would be so full of steam that you could not make anything out five feet in front of you. To be sure, the steer was generally blind and frantic, and not especially bent on hurting any one; but think of the chances of running upon a knife, while nearly every man had one in his hand! And then, to cap the climax, the floor boss would come rushing up with a rifle and begin blazing away!

Korean amuck: 미친 듯이 날뛰어, 미친듯이 날뛰어. blast: 소리, 한 바탕 부는 바람, 시들게 하다, 돌풍, 폭파하다, 울려퍼짐폭파하다, 폭발, 한 줄기 강한 바람, 형편 없는 실패, 총을 쏘다, 폭풍. blazing: 심한, 타는, 강렬한, 타는 듯한, 듯한, 타오르는, 뻔한. buffalo: 물소, 아메리카들소, 수륙양용탱크. climax: 절정, 점층법, 최고조, 극상,

클라이맥스, 엑스터시, 클라이맥스에 달하다, 최고점, 오르가슴, 성적 쾌감의 절정, 극점. conquered: 패자, 피정복자. cowardly: 겁을 내어, 겁많은, 비겁한, 비열한, 비겁하게도, 겁 많은. dash: 대시, 끼얹다, 단숨에 하다, 내던지다, 단거리 경주, 기운, 기미, 기를 꺽다, 허세, 충동, 위세. enemy: 적, 적군적함, 원수, 악마, 적병, 적의, 해를 주는 것, 적국의.

haste: 서두름, 급속, 재촉하다, 서두르다, 서두르게 하다, 성급, 급함. monarch: 군주, 제주왕나비. night-time: 야간. peril: 위험, 위험에 빠뜨리다, 모험. rifle: 라이플총, 강선을 넣다, 강탈하다, 샅샅이 뒤지다, 선조, 소총, 소총 부대, 포획하다, 소총으로 쏘다, 선조총, 훔치다. tumbling: 텀블링. wintertime: 겨울.

Upton Sinclair

125

It was in one of these melees that Jurgis fell into his trap. That is the only word to describe it; it was so cruel, and so utterly not to be foreseen. At first he hardly noticed it, it was such a slight accident—simply that in leaping out of the way he turned his ankle. There was a twinge of pain, but Jurgis was used to pain, and did not coddle himself. When he came to walk home, however, he realized that it was hurting him a great deal; and in the morning his ankle was swollen out nearly double its size, and he could not get his foot into his shoe. Still, even then, he did nothing more than swear a little, and wrapped his foot in old rags, and hobbled out to take the car. It chanced to be a rush day at Durham's, and all the long morning he limped about with his aching foot; by noontime the pain was so great that it made him faint, and after a couple of hours in the afternoon he was fairly beaten, and had to tell the boss. They sent for the company doctor, and he examined the foot and told Jurgis to go home to bed, adding that he had probably laid himself up for months by his folly. The injury was not one that Durham and Company could be held responsible for, and so that was all there was to it, so far as the doctor was concerned.% Jurgis got home somehow, scarcely able to see for the pain, and with an awful terror in his soul, Elzbieta helped him into bed and bandaged his injured foot with cold water and tried hard not to let him see her dismay; when the rest came home at night she met them outside and told them, and they, too, put on a cheerful face, saying it would only be for a week or two, and that they would pull him through. When they had gotten him to sleep, however, they sat by the kitchen fire and talked it over in frightened whispers. They were in for a siege, that was plainly to be seen. Jurgis had only about sixty dollars in the bank, and the slack season was upon them. Both Jonas and Marija might soon be earning no more than enough to pay their board, and besides that there were only the wages of Ona and the pittance of the little boy. There was the rent to pay, and still some on the furniture; there was the insurance just due, and every month there was sack after sack of coal. It was January, midwinter, an awful time to have to face privation. Deep snows would come again, and who would carry Ona to her work now? She

Korean aching: 쑤시는, 아픈. ankle: 발목, 발목 관절. coddle: 약한 불로 삶다, 나약한 사람, 어하다, 소중히 하다, 버릇없이기르다, 달걀 따위를 뭉근불에 삶다, 버릇 없이 기르다, 버릇 귀하게 기르다. folly: 어리석음, 어리석은 짓, 어리석게 돈만 많이 들인 물건, 우론, 막대한 돈을 들인 어처구니없는 큰 건축, 글래머 걸 출연자, 어리석은

행동. laid: 집에 틀어박힌, 몸져 누워 있는. midwinter: 한겨울. pittance: 약간의 수입, 얼마 안되는 수당, 얼마 안되는 수입. privation: 결핍, 박탈, 상실, 결여, 특히 일용품의 결핍. rags: 누더기. shoe: 구두, 신, 편자, 단화, 접촉부, 끝쇠, 타이어의 외피, 이왕 내친 걸음이면 끝까지, 집전장치, 구두를

신기다, 구두 모양의 것. siege: 포위, 을 포위하다, 의 포의를 풀다, 줄기차게 공격하다, 오랜 기간, 포위 공격. swear: 맹세하다, 저주, 선서시키다, 선서하다, 단언하다, 벌받을 소리를 하다, 서약하다, 욕, 욕지거리하다, 한 상태로 하다, 맹세코. twinge: 쑤시는 듯한 아픔, 쑤시듯이 아프다, 쑤시고 아프게 하다, 쑤시고 아프다, 고통.

126

The Jungle

might %lose her place—she was almost certain to lose it. Stanislovas began to whimper—who would take care of him?

And then little

It was dreadful that an accident of this sort, that no man can help, should have meant such suffering. The bitterness of it was the daily food and drink of Jurgis. It was of no use for them to try to deceive him; he knew as much about the situation as they did, and he knew that the family might literally starve to death. The worry of it fairly ate him up—he began to look haggard the first two or three days of it. In truth, it was almost maddening for a strong man like him, a fighter, to have to lie there helpless on his back. It was for all the world the old story of Prometheus bound. As Jurgis lay on his bed, hour after hour there came to him emotions that he had never known before. Before this he had met life with a welcome— it had its trials, but none that a man could not face. But now, in the nighttime, when he lay tossing about, there would come stalking into his chamber a grisly phantom, the sight of which made his flesh curl and his hair to bristle up. It was like seeing the world fall away from underneath his feet; like plunging down into a bottomless abyss into yawning caverns of despair. It might be true, then, after all, what others had told him about life, that the best powers of a man might not be equal to it! It might be true that, strive as he would, toil as he would, he might fail, and go down and be destroyed! The thought of this was like an icy hand at his heart; the thought that here, in this ghastly home of all horror, he and all those who were dear to him might lie and perish of starvation and cold, and there would be no ear to hear their cry, no hand to help them! It was true, it was true,—that here in this huge city, with its stores of heaped-up wealth, human creatures might be hunted down and destroyed by the wild-beast powers of nature, just as truly as ever they were in the days of the cave men! Ona was now making about thirty dollars a month, and Stanislovas about thirteen. To add to this there was the board of Jonas and Marija, about forty-five dollars. Deducting from this the rent, interest, and installments on the furniture, they had left sixty dollars, and deducting the coal, they had fifty. They did without everything that human beings could do without; they went in old and

Korean abyss: 심연, 혼돈, 지옥, 나락, 끝없이 깊은 구렁. deceive: 속이다, 미혹시키다, 사기하다. fighter: 투사, 전투기, 권투선수, 싸우는 사람, 싸우는사람, 직업 권투 선수, 전사. haggard: 야생의, 여윈, 바싹 마른, 수척한, 매서운, 길들지 않은. helpless: 의지할 데 없는, 무력한, 어찌할 도리 없는, 의지할 사람이

없는, 어찌할 수 없는, 의지할 곳이 없는. huge: 거대한, 광대한, 광대하다. icy: 얼음의, 얼음 같은, 냉담한, 얼음이 찬, 얼음이 많은, 쌀쌀한, 얼음으로 덮인. maddening: 미칠 듯한, 미치게 하는. perish: 멸망하다, 썩어 없어지다, 지독하게, 죽다, 괴롭히다혹독한, 말라 죽다, 무너지다, 무너지다-몹시 곤란하게 하다, 몹시 곤란하게 하다,

의 기능을 잃게 하다, 몹시 괴롭히다. starve: 갈망하다, 굶주리다, 아사하다, 굶주리게 하다, 배고프다, 동사시키다, 굶어 죽다, 시장기를 느끼다, 허기지게 하다. strive: 노력하다, 싸우다, 겨루다, 애쓰다. tossing: 야당, 변명, 아웃, 탈락, 외부, 수비측. underneath: 의 밑에, 아래에, 하면, 하면에, 낮은.

Upton Sinclair

127

ragged%clothing, that left them at the mercy of the cold, and when the children's shoes wore out, they tied them up with string. Half invalid as she was, Ona would do herself harm by walking in the rain and cold when she ought to have ridden; they bought literally nothing but food—and still they could not keep alive on fifty dollars a month. They might have done it, if only they could have gotten pure food, and at fair prices; or if only they had known what to get—if they had not been so pitifully ignorant! But they had come to a new country, where everything was different, including the food. They had always been accustomed to eat a great deal of smoked sausage, and how could they know that what they bought in America was not the same—that its color was made by chemicals, and its smoky flavor by more chemicals, and that it was full of "potato flour" besides? Potato flour is the waste of potato after the starch and alcohol have been extracted; it has no more food value than so much wood, and as its use as a food adulterant is a penal offense in Europe, thousands of tons of it are shipped to America every year. It was amazing what quantities of food such as this were needed every day, by eleven hungry persons. A dollar sixty-five a day was simply not enough to feed them, and there was no use trying; and so each week they made an inroad upon the pitiful little bank account that Ona had begun. Because the account was in her name, it was possible for her to keep this a secret from her husband, and to keep the heartsickness of it for her own. It would have been better if Jurgis had been really ill; if he had not been able to think. For he had no resources such as most invalids have; all he could do was to lie there and toss about from side to side. Now and then he would break into cursing, regardless of everything; and now and then his impatience would get the better of him, and he would try to get up, and poor Teta Elzbieta would have to plead with him in a frenzy. Elzbieta was all alone with him the greater part of the time. She would sit and smooth his forehead by the hour, and talk to him and try to make him forget. Sometimes it would be too cold for the children to go to school, and they would have to play in the kitchen, where Jurgis was, because it was the only room that was half warm. These were dreadful times, for Jurgis would get as cross as any bear; he was scarcely to be blamed, for he had

Korean adulterant: 섞음질에 쓰는, 혼합물의, 혼합물. amazing: 굉장한, 놀랄 만한, 놀랄만한, 이상한. flavor: 맛, 풍미, 향미, 은은한 맛, 양념, 멋, 향기, 맛을 내다, 신랄한 맛, 독특한 맛, 에 풍치를 더하다. flour: 가루를 뿌리다, 밀가루, 가루, 가루로 만들다, 가루가 되다, 가루가 많은. inroad: 침입, 내습, 침해, 먹어 들어감,

침략, 침식, 잠식. 개의치 않는, 여하튼, 에 관계없는, penal: 형사상의, 형의, 형을 받아야 상관없이, 비용을 무릅쓰고, 그럼에도 할, 벌칙을 과하다, 형벌의, 벌에 불구하고, 고려되지 않는, 관심없는, 해당하는, 형장으로서의, 형에 비용에 구애되지 않고. 해당하는. ridden: 시달린, 지배된, 압제받은, plead: 답변하다, 탄원하다, 변호하다, 득실거리는, 고통받은, 무턱대고 주장하다, 변명으로 말하다, 변명으로 많은, 악몽 따위에 시달린. 말하다-변호하다, 변론하다, starch: 녹말, 딱딱함, 정력, 전분, 활기, 간청하다, 변명하다. 풀, 전분질 음식물, 풀을 먹이다, 에 potato: 감자, 고구마, 감자의. 풀을 먹이다, 용기, 거북살스럽게 regardless: 부주의한, 개의치 않고, 하다.

128

The Jungle

enough to worry him, and it was hard when he was trying to take a nap to be kept awake by noisy and peevish children.% Elzbieta's only resource in those times was little Antanas; indeed, it would be hard to say how they could have gotten along at all if it had not been for little Antanas. It was the one consolation of Jurgis' long imprisonment that now he had time to look at his baby. Teta Elzbieta would put the clothesbasket in which the baby slept alongside of his mattress, and Jurgis would lie upon one elbow and watch him by the hour, imagining things. Then little Antanas would open his eyes—he was beginning to take notice of things now; and he would smile— how he would smile! So Jurgis would begin to forget and be happy because he was in a world where there was a thing so beautiful as the smile of little Antanas, and because such a world could not but be good at the heart of it. He looked more like his father every hour, Elzbieta would say, and said it many times a day, because she saw that it pleased Jurgis; the poor little terror-stricken woman was planning all day and all night to soothe the prisoned giant who was intrusted to her care. Jurgis, who knew nothing about the agelong and everlasting hypocrisy of woman, would take the bait and grin with delight; and then he would hold his finger in front of little Antanas' eyes, and move it this way and that, and laugh with glee to see the baby follow it. There is no pet quite so fascinating as a baby; he would look into Jurgis' face with such uncanny seriousness, and Jurgis would start and cry: "Palauk! Look, Muma, he knows his papa! He does, he does! Tu mano szirdele, the little rascal!"

Korean agelong: 영속하는. consolation: 위로, 위자, 위안이 되는 것, 위안이 되는것, 위안, 위안의, 위문의. elbow: 팔꿈치, 기역자 관-팔꿈치로 찌르다, 몰두하여, 분주하여, 의복이 팔꿈치가 뚫어져, 팔꿈치로 찌르다, 기역자 관, 가난하여, 밀어 제치고 나아가다, 엘자 모양의 것, 팔꿈치 모양의 것. everlasting: 영구한, 영원한, 끝없는,

변함없는, 영원, 영겁, 지루한, 떡쑥, 용어. 영구, 영원히 계속되는, 튼튼한 나사. peevish: 성마른, 부루퉁한, 짜증이 난, hypocrisy: 위선, 위선행위, 위선적 투정부리는. 행위. pet: 애완동물, 이성을 애무하다, 페트, nap: 보풀, 선잠, 낮잠, 이길 말이 라고 마음에 드는, 마음에 드는 물건지목하다, 필승마, 졸면서보내다, 귀여워하는, 부루퉁함, 애정을 잠깐 졸다, 선잠자다, 겉잠, 보풀을 나타내는, 성내다, 귀여워하다, 세우다, 잠깐자다. 귀여워하는 동물, 씨무룩함. noisy: 시끄러운, 떠들썩한, 요란한, soothe: 달래다, 완화시키다, 화려한, 난한. 가라앉히다, 위로하다, 진정시키다, papa: 아빠, 문자 피를 나타내는 통신 만족시키다.

Upton Sinclair

129

CHAPTER 12

For%three weeks after his injury Jurgis never got up from bed. It was a very obstinate sprain; the swelling would not go down, and the pain still continued. At the end of that time, however, he could contain himself no longer, and began trying to walk a little every day, laboring to persuade himself that he was better. No arguments could stop him, and three or four days later he declared that he was going back to work. He limped to the cars and got to Brown's, where he found that the boss had kept his place—that is, was willing to turn out into the snow the poor devil he had hired in the meantime. Every now and then the pain would force Jurgis to stop work, but he stuck it out till nearly an hour before closing. Then he was forced to acknowledge that he could not go on without fainting; it almost broke his heart to do it, and he stood leaning against a pillar and weeping like a child. Two of the men had to help him to the car, and when he got out he had to sit down and wait in the snow till some one came along. So they put him to bed again, and sent for the doctor, as they ought to have done in the beginning. It transpired that he had twisted a tendon out of place, and could never have gotten well without attention. Then he gripped the sides of the bed, and shut his teeth together, and turned white with agony, while the doctor pulled and wrenched away at his swollen ankle. When finally the doctor left, he told him that he would have to lie quiet for two months, and that if he went to work before that time he might lame himself for life.

Korean broke: 무일푼의, 파산하여. declared: 공공연한, 숨김 없는, 공언한, 언명한, 신고한, 선언한. fainting: 기절, 실신, 졸도, 졸도하는, 기철의, 의기소침. gotten: 과거 분사. laboring: 노동하는, 노동에 종사하는. lame: 절름발이의, 절름발이로 만들다, 불충분한, 앞뒤가 맞지 않는, 절름발이가 절룩거리다, 절름발이가 되다, 운율이 불완전한, 불완전한,

불구의, 라메. obstinate: 완고한, 완강한, 난치의, 고집센, 병이 난치의. pillar: 기둥, 주석, 기둥 모양의 것, 기둥 모양의 우체통, 기둥으로 받치다, 붉은 기둥 모양의 우체통. snow: 눈, 순백, 백발, 코카인 가루, 적설, 백발로 하다, 눈이 내리다, 눈으로 파묻히게하다, 눈같이 뿌리다, 겨울, 설백. sprain: 삠, 삐다.

swelling: 팽창, 기복, 종기, 부푼, 증대 융기한, 증대, 융기한, 팽윤. swollen: 부푼, 물이 불은, 과장된. teeth: 이. tendon: 건. twisted: 일그러진, 황홀해진, 꼬인, 술취한, 비틀어진. weeping: 드리우는, 가지가 휘늘어진, 우는, 눈물 흘리는, 눈물울 흘리는, 눈물을 흘리는, 늘어짐, 배어 나오는, 스며 나오는, 스며 나옴, 울음.

130

The Jungle

Three%days later there came another heavy snowstorm, and Jonas and Marija and Ona and little Stanislovas all set out together, an hour before daybreak, to try to get to the yards. About noon the last two came back, the boy screaming with pain. His fingers were all frosted, it seemed. They had had to give up trying to get to the yards, and had nearly perished in a drift. All that they knew how to do was to hold the frozen fingers near the fire, and so little Stanislovas spent most of the day dancing about in horrible agony, till Jurgis flew into a passion of nervous rage and swore like a madman, declaring that he would kill him if he did not stop. All that day and night the family was half-crazed with fear that Ona and the boy had lost their places; and in the morning they set out earlier than ever, after the little fellow had been beaten with a stick by Jurgis. There could be no trifling in a case like this, it was a matter of life and death; little Stanislovas could not be expected to realize that he might a great deal better freeze in the snowdrift than lose his job at the lard machine. Ona was quite certain that she would find her place gone, and was all unnerved when she finally got to Brown's, and found that the forelady herself had failed to come, and was therefore compelled to be lenient. One of the consequences of this episode was that the first joints of three of the little boy's fingers were permanently disabled, and another that thereafter he always had to be beaten before he set out to work, whenever there was fresh snow on the ground. Jurgis was called upon to do the beating, and as it hurt his foot he did it with a vengeance; but it did not tend to add to the sweetness of his temper. They say that the best dog will turn cross if he be kept chained all the time, and it was the same with the man; he had not a thing to do all day but lie and curse his fate, and the time came when he wanted to curse everything. This was never for very long, however, for when Ona began to cry, Jurgis could not stay angry. The poor fellow looked like a homeless ghost, with his cheeks sunken in and his long black hair straggling into his eyes; he was too discouraged to cut it, or to think about his appearance. His muscles were wasting away, and what were left were soft and flabby. He had no appetite, and they could not afford to tempt him with delicacies. It was better, he said,

Korean appetite: 식욕, 욕구, 욕망, 기호. curse: 저주하다, 월경, 저주, 재앙, 파문하다, 욕지거리하다, 천벌을 내리다, 저주의 말, 파문, 괴롭히다, 독설. flabby: 기력없는, 흐늘흐늘하는, 흐느적흐느적한, 연약한. frosted: 서리로 덮인, 설탕을 하얗게 친, 진한 음료, 설탕을 입힌, 서리가 내린, 동결된, 서리로 뒤덮인, 동상에 걸린, 상해를 입은, 희게 센.

lenient: 관대한, 온화한, 허술한. perished: 매우 곤란한, 지친, 초췌해진. snowdrift: 휘몰아쳐 쌓인 눈. snowstorm: 눈보라, 눈보라 같은 것. straggling: 뿔뿔이 흩어지다, 무질서하게 나아가다, 뒤떨어지다, 뻗쳐 퍼지다, 산재하다, 우거지다, 낙오한. sunken: 물밑의, 움푹 들어간, 가라앉은, 내려앉은, 살이 빠진,

움푹한. sweetness: 아름다움, 친절, 방향, 단맛, 유쾌, 감미로움, 신선, 부드러움, 단 맛, 신선함, 사랑스러움. tempt: 유혹하다, 무릅쓰다, 시도하다, 성나게 하다, 꾀다, 당기게 하다, 할 생각이 나게 하다, 시험하다. trifling: 하찮은, 경박한, 시시한, 사소한, 게으른. vengeance: 복수, 극단으로, 철저하게, 원수 갚기, 원수갚기.

Upton Sinclair

131

that he should not eat, it was a saving. About the end of March he had got hold of Ona's bankbook, and learned that there was only three dollars left to them in the world.% But perhaps the worst of the consequences of this long siege was that they lost another member of their family; Brother Jonas disappeared. One Saturday night he did not come home, and thereafter all their efforts to get trace of him were futile. It was said by the boss at Durham's that he had gotten his week's money and left there. That might not be true, of course, for sometimes they would say that when a man had been killed; it was the easiest way out of it for all concerned. When, for instance, a man had fallen into one of the rendering tanks and had been made into pure leaf lard and peerless fertilizer, there was no use letting the fact out and making his family unhappy. More probable, however, was the theory that Jonas had deserted them, and gone on the road, seeking happiness. He had been discontented for a long time, and not without some cause. He paid good board, and was yet obliged to live in a family where nobody had enough to eat. And Marija would keep giving them all her money, and of course he could not but feel that he was called upon to do the same. Then there were crying brats, and all sorts of misery; a man would have had to be a good deal of a hero to stand it all without grumbling, and Jonas was not in the least a hero—he was simply a weatherbeaten old fellow who liked to have a good supper and sit in the corner by the fire and smoke his pipe in peace before he went to bed. Here there was not room by the fire, and through the winter the kitchen had seldom been warm enough for comfort. So, with the springtime, what was more likely than that the wild idea of escaping had come to him? Two years he had been yoked like a horse to a half-ton truck in Durham's dark cellars, with never a rest, save on Sundays and four holidays in the year, and with never a word of thanks—only kicks and blows and curses, such as no decent dog would have stood. And now the winter was over, and the spring winds were blowing—and with a day's walk a man might put the smoke of Packingtown behind him forever, and be where the grass was green and the flowers all the colors of the rainbow!

Korean decent: 친절한, 적당한, 어울리는, 관대한, 상당한 신분의, 남보기 흉하지 않은, 어지간한, 남앞에 나서도 될 만큼 옷을 입은, 예절 바른. deserted: 버림받은, 사람이 살지 않는, 활페한, 황폐한. discontented: 불만스러운, 불만을 품은. futile: 쓸데없는, 무용, 무익한짓, 속절없는, 효과 없는, 하찮은. grumbling: 투덜거리는.

hero: 영웅, 주인공, 용사, 신인. leaf: 잎, 잎이 나오다, 꽃잎, 박, 페이지를 넘기다, 얇은 판자, 한장, 풀잎, 흔히 꽃잎, 한 장, 책의 한 장. misery: 불행, 비참, 빈곤, 고통, 정신적 고통, 육체적 고통. peerless: 비길 데 없이, 유례없는, 무쌍의, 비길 데 없는, 비할 데 없는, 비길데 없는. probable: 있음직한, 사실 같은, 확실한 듯한, 할 듯 싶은, 유망한

후보자, 무슨일을 할 것 같은 사람, 보결선수, 일어날 듯한 사건, 무슨 일을 할 것 같은 사람. rainbow: 무지개, 덧없는 희망, 무지개의. thereafter: 그것에 의해서, 그 이후, 그 뒤로, 그에 따라, 그후에. unhappy: 불행한, 부적당한, 적절하지 못한, 계제 나쁜. weatherbeaten: 비바람에 시달린, 햇볕에 탄.

132

The Jungle

But now the income of the family was cut down more than one-third, and the food demand was cut only one-eleventh, so that they were worse off than ever. Also they were borrowing money from Marija, and eating up her bank account, and spoiling once again her hopes of marriage and happiness. And they were even going into debt to Tamoszius Kuszleika and letting him impoverish himself. Poor Tamoszius was a man without any relatives, and with a wonderful talent besides, and he ought to have made money and prospered; but he had fallen in love, and so given hostages to fortune, and was doomed to be dragged down too.% So it was finally decided that two more of the children would have to leave school. Next to Stanislovas, who was now fifteen, there was a girl, little Kotrina, who was two years younger, and then two boys, Vilimas, who was eleven, and Nikalojus, who was ten. Both of these last were bright boys, and there was no reason why their family should starve when tens of thousands of children no older were earning their own livings. So one morning they were given a quarter apiece and a roll with a sausage in it, and, with their minds top-heavy with good advice, were sent out to make their way to the city and learn to sell newspapers. They came back late at night in tears, having walked for the five or six miles to report that a man had offered to take them to a place where they sold newspapers, and had taken their money and gone into a store to get them, and nevermore been seen. So they both received a whipping, and the next moming set out again. This time they found the newspaper place, and procured their stock; and after wandering about till nearly noontime, saying "Paper?" to every one they saw, they had all their stock taken away and received a thrashing besides from a big newsman upon whose territory they had trespassed. Fortunately, however, they had already sold some papers, and came back with nearly as much as they started with. After a week of mishaps such as these, the two little fellows began to learn the ways of the trade—the names of the different papers, and how many of each to get, and what sort of people to offer them to, and where to go and where to stay away from. After this, leaving home at four o'clock in the morning, and

Korean apiece: 제각기, 한 사람에대하여, 하다, 지루하게하다, 가난하게 각각, 하나에 대하여. 만들다, 허약하게하다, 약하게 하다, besides: 제외하고, 그위에, 게다가, 불모로 만들다, 흥미을 잃게하다, 게다가-더하여, 이외에, 을 제외하고, 궁핍하게 하다. 외에는, 더하여, 그 위에, 그 밖에, newsman: 신문기자, 신문배달인, 이외에도. 신문인, 취재기자. borrowing: 차용, 차용어, 빈 것. roll: 굴리다, 구르다, 굽이치다, 감다, doomed: 운이 다한, 불운한. 두루마리, 늘어지다, 롤러로 고르다, eleven: 열한사람의, 축구팀, 열하나, 소용돌이 무늬, 연타, 좌우로 열한, 십일. 흔들리다, 희번덕거리다. impoverish: 메마르게 하다, 가난하게 talent: 재능, 연예인, 재능 있는

사람들, 인재, 고대 그리스, 재주, 탤런트, 히부리의 무게 이름, 재능 있는 사람, 자기 마음대로 거는 사람들. territory: 영토, 담당 구역, 판도, 지역, 비방, 분야, 판매 구역, 지방, 준주. thrashing: 타작, 탈곡, 도리깨질, 대패, 채찍질. top-heavy: 머리가 큰, 자본이 과대한. whipping: 채찍질, 던질낚시질, 끝매듭, 급히 움직임, 패배.

Upton Sinclair

133

running %about the streets, first with morning papers and then with evening, they might come home late at night with twenty or thirty cents apiece—possibly as much as forty cents. From this they had to deduct their carfare, since the distance was so great; but after a while they made friends, and learned still more, and then they would save their carfare. They would get on a car when the conductor was not looking, and hide in the crowd; and three times out of four he would not ask for their fares, either not seeing them, or thinking they had already paid; or if he did ask, they would hunt through their pockets, and then begin to cry, and either have their fares paid by some kind old lady, or else try the trick again on a new car. All this was fair play, they felt. Whose fault was it that at the hours when workingmen were going to their work and back, the cars were so crowded that the conductors could not collect all the fares? And besides, the companies were thieves, people said—had stolen all their franchises with the help of scoundrelly politicians! Now that the winter was by, and there was no more danger of snow, and no more coal to buy, and another room warm enough to put the children into when they cried, and enough money to get along from week to week with, Jurgis was less terrible than he had been. A man can get used to anything in the course of time, and Jurgis had gotten used to lying about the house. Ona saw this, and was very careful not to destroy his peace of mind, by letting him know how very much pain she was suffering. It was now the time of the spring rains, and Ona had often to ride to her work, in spite of the expense; she was getting paler every day, and sometimes, in spite of her good resolutions, it pained her that Jurgis did not notice it. She wondered if he cared for her as much as ever, if all this misery was not wearing out his love. She had to be away from him all the time, and bear her own troubles while he was bearing his; and then, when she came home, she was so worn out; and whenever they talked they had only their worries to talk of—truly it was hard, in such a life, to keep any sentiment alive. The woe of this would flame up in Ona sometimes—at night she would suddenly clasp her big husband in her arms and break into passionate weeping, demanding to know if he really loved her. Poor Jurgis, who had in truth grown more matterof-fact, under the endless pressure of penury, would not know what to make of

Korean bearing: 관계, 태도, 거동, 관련, 낳음, 죽이다, 망치다, 논파하다, 문장, 방위각, 인내, 축받이. 소실시키다. carfare: 차삯, 버스 요금. endless: 순환의, 끝없는, 무한한, clasp: 껴안다, 죔쇠, 악수, 포옹, 에 영원한, 끝이 없는. 휘감기다, 꽉 쥐다, 꼭 쥐다, 버클, hide: 숨다, 피혁, 때리다, 짐승의 가죽, 걸쇠, 전투 기장, 쥠. 숨기다, 심하게 매질하다, 짐승 가죽, deduct: 빼다, 할인하다. 숨기기, 숨는 장소. demanding: 요구가 지나친, 지나친 hunt: 찾다, 사냥, 사냥하다, 몰이하다, 요구를 하는, 큰 노력을 요하는, 많은 사냥을 하다, 사냥에 쓰다, 추적하다, 것을 요구하는. 괴롭히다, 박해하다, 쫓아 버리다, destroy: 멸하다, 파괴하다, 폐하다, 쫑아 버리다.

papers: 서류, 신문 증명서. penury: 빈궁, 가난. scoundrelly: 깡패같은, 악당의, 악당같은. stolen: 훔친. thieves: 도둑. trick: 장난, 버릇, 비결, 속이다, 계교, 요술, 요술부리다, 장난감, 모양내다, 의 기대를 저버리다, 계략. woe: 비애, 재난, 고뇌, 아아, 슬프도다, 고생, 불행.

134

The Jungle

these things, and could only try to recollect when he had last been cross; and so Ona would have to forgive him and sob herself to sleep.% The latter part of April Jurgis went to see the doctor, and was given a bandage to lace about his ankle, and told that he might go back to work. It needed more than the permission of the doctor, however, for when he showed up on the killing floor of Brown's, he was told by the foreman that it had not been possible to keep his job for him. Jurgis knew that this meant simply that the foreman had found some one else to do the work as well and did not want to bother to make a change. He stood in the doorway, looking mournfully on, seeing his friends and companions at work, and feeling like an outcast. Then he went out and took his place with the mob of the unemployed. This time, however, Jurgis did not have the same fine confidence, nor the same reason for it. He was no longer the finest-looking man in the throng, and the bosses no longer made for him; he was thin and haggard, and his clothes were seedy, and he looked miserable. And there were hundreds who looked and felt just like him, and who had been wandering about Packingtown for months begging for work. This was a critical time in Jurgis' life, and if he had been a weaker man he would have gone the way the rest did. Those out-of-work wretches would stand about the packing houses every morning till the police drove them away, and then they would scatter among the saloons. Very few of them had the nerve to face the rebuffs that they would encounter by trying to get into the buildings to interview the bosses; if they did not get a chance in the morning, there would be nothing to do but hang about the saloons the rest of the day and night. Jurgis was saved from all this—partly, to be sure, because it was pleasant weather, and there was no need to be indoors; but mainly because he carried with him always the pitiful little face of his wife. He must get work, he told himself, fighting the battle with despair every hour of the day. He must get work! He must have a place again and some money saved up, before the next winter came. But there was no work for him. He sought out all the members of his union—Jurgis had stuck to the union through all this—and begged them to

Korean bandage: 붕대, 붕대를 감다, 안대, 쇠 띠, 쇠 테. encounter: 회전, 우연히만남, 교전, 부닥치다, 만나다, 마주침, 교전하다, 대항하다. forgive: 용서하다, 삭치다, 빚을탕감하다, 빚을 탕감하다, 면제하다, 삭히다, 관대히 봐주다. indoors: 옥내에서, 옥내에. lace: 매질하다, 레이스, 끈, 장식, 가미하다, 몰, 줄무늬로 하다,

비난하다, 에 끈을 꿰다, 소량의 진 술, 끈으로 죄다. mournfully: 슬퍼 보이게, 슬픔에 잠겨, 절망적인, 천한, 치사한. nerve: 신경, 용기, 잎맥, 기력, 뻔뻔스러움, 근원, 담력, 날개맥, 정력, 중추, 우울. outcast: 버림받은, 집없는, 추방자, 배척받은, 버림받은사람, 추방된, 추방된 사람. permission: 허가, 허용, 면허, 허락.

recollect: 다시 모으다, 회상하다, 가라앉히다, 생각해 내다, 생각나다, 기억나다, 북돋우다, 진정시키다, 냉정하게 하다, 다시 불러일으키다, 상기다. scatter: 흩뿌리다, 쫓아버리다, 뿔뿔이 흩어지다, 산발하다, 소수, 흩뜨려진 것, 흩뜨림. seedy: 초라한, 기분이 좋지 않은, 씨 많은, 야윈, 풀향기가 나는, 씨가 많은.

Upton Sinclair

135

speak a word for him. He went to every one he knew, asking for a chance, there or anywhere. He wandered all day through the buildings; and in a week or two, when he had been all over the yards, and into every room to which he had access, and learned that there was not a job anywhere, he persuaded himself that there might have been a change in the places he had first visited, and began the round all over; till finally the watchmen and the "spotters" of the companies came to know him by sight and to order him out with threats. Then there was nothing more for him to do but go with the crowd in the morning, and keep in the front row and look eager, and when he failed, go back home, and play with little Kotrina and the baby.% The peculiar bitterness of all this was that Jurgis saw so plainly the meaning of it. In the beginning he had been fresh and strong, and he had gotten a job the first day; but now he was second-hand, a damaged article, so to speak, and they did not want him. They had got the best of him—they had worn him out, with their speeding-up and their carelessness, and now they had thrown him away! And Jurgis would make the acquaintance of others of these unemployed men and find that they had all had the same experience. There were some, of course, who had wandered in from other places, who had been ground up in other mills; there were others who were out from their own fault—some, for instance, who had not been able to stand the awful grind without drink. The vast majority, however, were simply the worn-out parts of the great merciless packing machine; they had toiled there, and kept up with the pace, some of them for ten or twenty years, until finally the time had come when they could not keep up with it any more. Some had been frankly told that they were too old, that a sprier man was needed; others had given occasion, by some act of carelessness or incompetence; with most, however, the occasion had been the same as with Jurgis. They had been overworked and underfed so long, and finally some disease had laid them on their backs; or they had cut themselves, and had blood poisoning, or met with some other accident. When a man came back after that, he would get his place back only by the courtesy of the boss. To this there was no exception, save when the accident was one for which the firm was liable; in that case they would send a slippery lawyer to see him, first to try to get him to sign

Korean asking: 청구, 의뢰, 질문, 부탁. awful: 무서운, 대단한, 장엄한, 굉장한, 두려운, 무섭다, 몹시, 경외심을 일으키게 하는. carelessness: 부주의, 경솔, 소홀, 무사태평, 무심함, 속 편함. courtesy: 호의, 예의, 예의상의, 정중함, 우대, 친절, 우대의, 공손, 인사, 정중한 행위, 특별 대우. exception: 예외, 제외, 이의. frankly: 숨김없이, 터놓고, 솔직히.

grind: 가루가 되다, 돌리다, 문지르다, 부지런히 일하다, 삐걱거리다, 바드득거리다, 가루를 타다, 갈리다, 갈아서 닳게 하다, 끈기 있게 공부하다, 닦다. incompetence: 무능력, 무자격, 무능력의, 부적격, 무능한. liable: 걸리기 쉬운, 책임있는, 빠지기쉬운, 법률상 책임을 져야 할, 책임을 져야 할, 하기 쉬운, 할 것 같은, 에 처해져야 할.

pace: 속도, 걷는 속도, 보폭, 보조, 대속으로가다, 진도, 한 걸음, 걸음, 포족, 발걸음, 포족걷다. second-hand: 중고로, 중고의, 고물로, 간접의. underfed: 영양 부족의. unemployed: 실직한, 일이 없는, 한가한, 실업자, 이용안 하는, 활용안 하는. worn-out: 써서 낡은, 진부한, 지쳐빠진.

136

The Jungle

away his claims, but if he was too smart for that, to promise him that he and his should always be provided with work. This promise they would keep, strictly and to the letter—for two years. Two years was the "statute of limitations," and after that the victim could not sue.% What happened to a man after any of these things, all depended upon the circumstances. If he were of the highly skilled workers, he would probably have enough saved up to tide him over. The best paid men, the "splitters," made fifty cents an hour, which would be five or six dollars a day in the rush seasons, and one or two in the dullest. A man could live and save on that; but then there were only half a dozen splitters in each place, and one of them that Jurgis knew had a family of twenty-two children, all hoping to grow up to be splitters like their father. For an unskilled man, who made ten dollars a week in the rush seasons and five in the dull, it all depended upon his age and the number he had dependent upon him. An unmarried man could save, if he did not drink, and if he was absolutely selfish—that is, if he paid no heed to the demands of his old parents, or of his little brothers and sisters, or of any other relatives he might have, as well as of the members of his union, and his chums, and the people who might be starving to death next door.

Korean absolutely: 그래, 아주 맞았어, 지루한-무디게하다, 무디게하다. 절대적으로, 정말 그래, 전혀, grow: 점점 더해지다, 성장하다, 늘다, 전적으로, 독립하여. 재배하다, 자라게 하다, 자라다, 크다, brothers: 형제. 강해지다, 생장시키다, 나다, 점차로 dependent: 의존하는, 부양 가족, -하게 되다. 의존하는 사람, 종속의, 종속의heed: 주의, 조심, 조심하다, 유의하다, 의존하는 사람, 남에게 의지하여 사는 주의하다. 사람, 에 좌우되는, 의지하는, 매달린. promise: 약속, 천국, 촉망, 희망의 땅, dull: 둔한, 무딘, 둔감한, 흐리게하다, 약속하다, 가망이 있다, 가망, 가망누그러뜨리다, 지루한, 둔해지다, 약속하다, 의 희망이 있다, 의 또렷하지 않은, 또렷하지않은, 가망성이 있다, 약속한 일.

smart: 스마트한, 날카로운, 고통, 괴로워하다, 비통, 빈틈없는, 아픔, 약삭빠른, 똑똑한, 욱시욱신 아프다, 욱신욱신 쑤시는. strictly: 엄한, 절대적인, 정확한, 엄격하게. tide: 풍조, 때, 경향, 극복하다, 조수, 흐름, 조수를 타고가다, 헤어나게 하다, 성쇠, 나르다, 견뎌내게 하다. victim: 희생, 피해자, 밥, 봉, 산 재물, 희생자.

Upton Sinclair

137

CHAPTER 13

During%this time that Jurgis was looking for work occurred the death of little Kristoforas, one of the children of Teta Elzbieta. Both Kristoforas and his brother, Juozapas, were cripples, the latter having lost one leg by having it run over, and Kristoforas having congenital dislocation of the hip, which made it impossible for him ever to walk. He was the last of Teta Elzbieta's children, and perhaps he had been intended by nature to let her know that she had had enough. At any rate he was wretchedly sick and undersized; he had the rickets, and though he was over three years old, he was no bigger than an ordinary child of one. All day long he would crawl around the floor in a filthy little dress, whining and fretting; because the floor was full of drafts he was always catching cold, and snuffling because his nose ran. This made him a nuisance, and a source of endless trouble in the family. For his mother, with unnatural perversity, loved him best of all her children, and made a perpetual fuss over him—would let him do anything undisturbed, and would burst into tears when his fretting drove Jurgis wild. And now he died. Perhaps it was the smoked sausage he had eaten that morning—which may have been made out of some of the tubercular pork that was condemncd as unfit for export. At any rate, an hour after eating it, the child had begun to cry with pain, and in another hour he was rolling about on the floor in convulsions. Little Kotrina, who was all alone with him, ran out

Korean congenital: 타고난, 선천적인. convulsions: 경련, 웃음의 발작. crawl: 기어가다, 들끓다, 서행하다, 근질근질하다, 활어조, 살금살금 걸어다니다, 댄스, 크롤 수영법, 우글거리다, 크롤로 헤엄치다, 포복. dislocation: 탈구, 단충. perpetual: 종신의, 영구한, 끊임없는, 사철 피는, 영구하다, 다년생 식물, 부단한, 잔소리 따위 부단한, 영속하는, 다년생의, 싸움 따위

부단한. unfit: 부정당한, 적임이 아닌, perversity: 사악, 빙퉁그러짐, 외고집, 부적당한, 부적당하게 하다. 뒤틀린 성미, 비뚤어진 성미. unnatural: 부자연한, 보통이아닌, rickets: 구루병, 골연화증, 곱사등. 인도에 어긋나는, 이상한, 몰인정한, tubercular: 결핵성의, 결핵에 자연적인 인정에 배치되는, 자연적인 걸려있는, 결핵 환자, 결절의, 결절 본성에 배치되는, 자연적인 천성에 모양의. 배치되는, 꾸민 티가 나는. undersized: 보통보다 작은, 소형의, wretchedly: 불쾌하게, 야비하게, 보통 크기보다 작은. 지독하게, 불쌍하게. undisturbed: 평온한, 방해되지 않는, 방해받지 않은.

138

The Jungle

screaming%for help, and after a while a doctor came, but not until Kristoforas had howled his last howl. No one was really sorry about this except poor Elzbieta, who was inconsolable. Jurgis announced that so far as he was concerned the child would have to be buried by the city, since they had no money for a funeral; and at this the poor woman almost went out of her senses, wringing her hands and screaming with grief and despair. Her child to be buried in a pauper's grave! And her stepdaughter to stand by and hear it said without protesting! It was enough to make Ona's father rise up out of his grave to rebuke her! If it had come to this, they might as well give up at once, and be buried all of them together!. . . In the end Marija said that she would help with ten dollars; and Jurgis being still obdurate, Elzbieta went in tears and begged the money from the neighbors, and so little Kristoforas had a mass and a hearse with white plumes on it, and a tiny plot in a graveyard with a wooden cross to mark the place. The poor mother was not the same for months after that; the mere sight of the floor where little Kristoforas had crawled about would make her weep. He had never had a fair chance, poor little fellow, she would say. He had been handicapped from his birth. If only she had heard about it in time, so that she might have had that great doctor to cure him of his lameness!. . . Some time ago, Elzbieta was told, a Chicago billionaire had paid a fortune to bring a great European surgeon over to cure his little daughter of the same disease from which Kristoforas had suffered. And because this surgeon had to have bodies to demonstrate upon, he announced that he would treat the children of the poor, a piece of magnanimity over which the papers became quite eloquent. Elzbieta, alas, did not read the papers, and no one had told her; but perhaps it was as well, for just then they would not have had the carfare to spare to go every day to wait upon the surgeon, nor for that matter anybody with the time to take the child. All this while that he was seeking for work, there was a dark shadow hanging over Jurgis; as if a savage beast were lurking somewhere in the pathway of his life, and he knew it, and yet could not help approaching the place. There are all stages of being out of work in Packingtown, and he faced in dread the prospect of reaching the lowest. There is a place that waits for the lowest man—the fertilizer plant!

Korean beast: 짐승, 가축, 짐승 같은 놈, 식용 소, 동물, 짐승 같은 사람, 축생, 네발짐승. billionaire: 억만장자, 억만 장자. cure: 치유, 치료하다, 고치다, 치료, 양생하다, 치료법, 영혼의 구제, 목사직, 낫다, 가황, 가황하다. funeral: 장례식의, 장례행렬, 장례식, 장례의, 싫은 일. grave: 수수한, 무덤, 명심하다, 새기다, 중대한, 진지한, 묘혈,

심각한, 중요한, 예사롭지 않은, 침침한. graveyard: 묘지, 묘소. handicapped: 핸디캡이 붙은, 심신 장애의, 정신적 장애가 있는, 신체적 장애가 있는. inconsolable: 위로할 길 없는, 슬픔에 담긴. lurking: 숨어있는. magnanimity: 아량, 관대한 행위, 도량이 넓음, 아량이 넓음.

obdurate: 완고한, 냉혹한. plot: 음모, 도면을 작성하다, 토지를 구획하다, 줄거리-계획하다, 음모를 꾸미다, 계획, 도면에 기입하다음모를 꾀하다, 음모를 꾀하다, 도면에 기입하다, 작은 터, 획책하다. protesting: 불복하는. rebuke: 비난, 힐책, 징계, 비난하다, 꾸짖다, 견책하다, 견책. stepdaughter: 의붓딸, 의붓 딸. surgeon: 군의관, 외과 의사, 선의.

Upton Sinclair

139

The %men would talk about it in awe-stricken whispers. Not more than one in ten had ever really tried it; the other nine had contented themselves with hearsay evidence and a peep through the door. There were some things worse than even starving to death. They would ask Jurgis if he had worked there yet, and if he meant to; and Jurgis would debate the matter with himself. As poor as they were, and making all the sacrifices that they were, would he dare to refuse any sort of work that was offered to him, be it as horrible as ever it could? Would he dare to go home and eat bread that had been earned by Ona, weak and complaining as she was, knowing that he had been given a chance, and had not had the nerve to take it?—And yet he might argue that way with himself all day, and one glimpse into the fertilizer works would send him away again shuddering. He was a man, and he would do his duty; he went and made application—but surely he was not also required to hope for success! The fertilizer works of Durham's lay away from the rest of the plant. Few visitors ever saw them, and the few who did would come out looking like Dante, of whom the peasants declared that he had been into hell. To this part of the yards came all the "tankage" and the waste products of all sorts; here they dried out the bones,—and in suffocating cellars where the daylight never came you might see men and women and children bending over whirling machines and sawing bits of bone into all sorts of shapes, breathing their lungs full of the fine dust, and doomed to die, every one of them, within a certain definite time. Here they made the blood into albumen, and made other foul-smelling things into things still more foul-smelling. In the corridors and caverns where it was done you might lose yourself as in the great caves of Kentucky. In the dust and the steam the electric lights would shine like far-off twinkling stars—red and bluegreen and purple stars, according to the color of the mist and the brew from which it came. For the odors of these ghastly charnel houses there may be words in Lithuanian, but there are none in English. The person entering would have to summon his courage as for a cold-water plunge. He would go in like a man swimming under water; he would put his handkerchief over his face, and begin to cough and choke; and then, if he were still obstinate, he would find his head beginning to ring, and the veins in his forehead to throb, until finally he would

Korean brew: 양조하다, 꾸미다엿보기, 엿보다, 작은 소리로 이야기 일어나려하다, 끓이다, 조짐이보이다, 하다, 훔쳐봄, 훔쳐보다, 들여다보는 조합하다, 양조, 우러나다, 꾸미다. 구멍, 짹짹울다, 작은 새 따위가 choke: 억제하다, 질식시키다, 폐색부, 짹짹우는 소리. 질식, 마르게 하다, 숨이 막히다, 목이 plunge: 돌진, 돌진하다, 다이빙하다, 메게 하다, 메우다, 끄다, 숨막히게 던져넣다, 뒷질하다, 뛰어들다, 말이 하다, 목졸라 죽이다. 뒷다리를 들고 뛰어오르다, 찌르다, cold-water: 금주 집단의, 냉수를 쓰는, 배의 뒷질, 큰 도박을 하다, 어떤 온수 설비가 없는. 상다태로 몰아 넣다-뛰어들다. hearsay: 소문, 풍문, 풍문의. shuddering: 쭈뼛해지는, 떠는, peep: 출현, 나타나다, 삐악삐악, 몸서리치는.

summon: 소집하다, 불러 일으키다, 요구하다, 호출하다, 에게 항복을 권고하다, 소환하다, 에 권유하다. throb: 동계, 떨리다, 고동, 떨림, 뛰다, 두근거리다, 감동, 고동치다, 욱식욱신 쑤시다, 율동적으로 뛰다, 진동. twinkling: 경쾌한, 어른거림, 반짝반짝 빛나는, 반짝임, 번득이는, 순간, 번쩍거리는, 번드거임, 반짝거리는, 깜ㅃ가임, 깜빡임.

140

The Jungle

be assailed by an overpowering blast of ammonia fumes, and would turn and run for his life, and come out half-dazed.% On top of this were the rooms where they dried the "tankage," the mass of brown stringy stuff that was left after the waste portions of the carcasses had had the lard and tallow dried out of them. This dried material they would then grind to a fine powder, and after they had mixed it up well with a mysterious but inoffensive brown rock which they brought in and ground up by the hundreds of carloads for that purpose, the substance was ready to be put into bags and sent out to the world as any one of a hundred different brands of standard bone phosphate. And then the farmer in Maine or California or Texas would buy this, at say twenty-five dollars a ton, and plant it with his corn; and for several days after the operation the fields would have a strong odor, and the farmer and his wagon and the very horses that had hauled it would all have it too. In Packingtown the fertilizer is pure, instead of being a flavoring, and instead of a ton or so spread out on several acres under the open sky, there are hundreds and thousands of tons of it in one building, heaped here and there in haystack piles, covering the floor several inches deep, and filling the air with a choking dust that becomes a blinding sandstorm when the wind stirs. It was to this building that Jurgis came daily, as if dragged by an unseen hand. The month of May was an exceptionally cool one, and his secret prayers were granted; but early in June there came a record-breaking hot spell, and after that there were men wanted in the fertilizer mill. The boss of the grinding room had come to know Jurgis by this time, and had marked him for a likely man; and so when he came to the door about two o'clock this breathless hot day, he felt a sudden spasm of pain shoot through him—the boss beckoned to him! In ten minutes more Jurgis had pulled off his coat and overshirt, and set his teeth together and gone to work. Here was one more difficulty for him to meet and conquer! His labor took him about one minute to learn. Before him was one of the vents of the mill in which the fertilizer was being ground— rushing forth in a great brown river, with a spray of the finest dust flung forth in clouds. Jurgis

Korean ammonia: 암모니아, 암모니아수. blinding: 현혹시키는, 눈을 멀게 하는, 자갈, 새 포장 도로의 틈새기를 메우기 위한 모래, 눈을 어지럽히는, 사려 분별을 잃게 하는, 침상, 눈을 부시게하는, 눈을 멀게하는. exceptionally: 예외적으로, 유난히, 특별히, 매우. flavoring: 맛내기, 양념, 조미, 조미료. haystack: 건초더미, 커다란 건초 더미.

inoffensive: 해가 되지 않는, 해롭지 않은, 악의가 없는, 불쾌감을 주지 않는, 불쾌감을 느끼게 하지 않는, 거슬리지 않는, 해를 안끼치는. mysterious: 불가사의한, 이상한, 신비한, 신비적인. phosphate: 인산염, 소량의 인산을 함유한 탄산수, 인산을 함유한 탄산수. piles: 치질, 말뚝. record-breaking: 전례없음, 기록을

깨뜨림. sandstorm: 모래 폭풍. spasm: 경련, 발작. stringy: 실의, 실 같은, 섬유질의, 힘줄이 많은, 실오리처럼 늘어지는, 끈적 끈적한, 실처럼 늘어나는. wagon: 짐차, 무개화차, 짐마차, 짐마차로 수송하다, 짐마차로 여행하다, 북두칠성, 배달용 트럭, 물건 파는 수레, 무개 화차, 광차, 짐마차로 운반하다.

Upton Sinclair

141

was given a shovel, and along with half a dozen others it was his task to shovel this fertilizer into carts. That others were at work he knew by the sound, and by the fact that he sometimes collided with them; otherwise they might as well not have been there, for in the blinding dust storm a man could not see six feet in front of his face. When he had filled one cart he had to grope around him until another came, and if there was none on hand he continued to grope till one arrived. In five minutes he was, of course, a mass of fertilizer from head to feet; they gave him a sponge to tie over his mouth, so that he could breathe, but the sponge did not prevent his lips and eyelids from caking up with it and his ears from filling solid. He looked like a brown ghost at twilight—from hair to shoes he became the color of the building and of everything in it, and for that matter a hundred yards outside it. The building had to be left open, and when the wind blew Durham and Company lost a great deal of fertilizer.% Working in his shirt sleeves, and with the thermometer at over a hundred, the phosphates soaked in through every pore of Jurgis' skin, and in five minutes he had a headache, and in fifteen was almost dazed. The blood was pounding in his brain like an engine's throbbing; there was a frightful pain in the top of his skull, and he could hardly control his hands. Still, with the memory of his four months' siege behind him, he fought on, in a frenzy of determination; and half an hour later he began to vomit—he vomited until it seemed as if his inwards must be torn into shreds. A man could get used to the fertilizer mill, the boss had said, if he would make up his mind to it; but Jurgis now began to see that it was a question of making up his stomach. At the end of that day of horror, he could scarcely stand. He had to catch himself now and then, and lean against a building and get his bearings. Most of the men, when they came out, made straight for a saloon—they seemed to place fertilizer and rattlesnake poison in one class. But Jurgis was too ill to think of drinking—he could only make his way to the street and stagger on to a car. He had a sense of humor, and later on, when he became an old hand, he used to think it fun to board a streetcar and see what happened. Now, however, he was too ill to notice it—how the people in the car began to gasp and sputter, to put

Korean bearings: 방위, 문장. breathe: 호흡하다, 속삭이다, 풍기다, 휴식 시키다, 휴식하다, 털어놓다, 쉬다, 선들거리다-불어넣다, 살아있다, 숨쉬다, 무성음으로 발음하다. cart: 짐마차를 사용하다, 짐마차로 나르다, 쉽게 이기다, 나르다, 짐마차, 운반차, 이륜마차, 수월히 이기다, 애써 나르다, 짐수레를 끌다, 이륜 경마차.

grope: 찾다, 더듬다, 암중모색하다, 때리다, 일류 인물. 암중모색 하다, 손으로 더듬다, sponge: 해면, 해면으로 닦다, 식객, 모색하다. 술고래, 해면 모양의 물건, 해면에 headache: 두통, 두통거리. 흡수시키다, 해면을 따다, 흡수하다, pore: 숙고하다, 기공, 세공, 몰두하다, 스펀지, 패배를 자인하다, 등치다. 털구멍, 털구명, 눈을 독서로 sputter: 탁탁 튀다, 빨리 말함, 입에서 혹사시키다, 자세히 보다, 독서로 튀김, 침을 튀기다, 탁탁하는 소리, 혹사시키다, 책 따위를 자세히 보다. 푸푸소리를 내다, 푸푸소리나게 하다, rattlesnake: 방울뱀, 배반자, 믿을수 푸푸 소리, 튀기다, 탁탁 소리 나게 없는 녀석. 하다, 탁탁 소리. skull: 두개골, 머리, 두뇌, 머리를 throbbing: 두근거리는.

142

The Jungle

their handkerchiefs to their noses, and transfix him with furious glances. Jurgis only knew that a man in front of him immediately got up and gave him a seat; and that half a minute later the two people on each side of him got up; and that in a full minute the crowded car was nearly empty—those passengers who could not get room on the platform having gotten out to walk.% Of course Jurgis had made his home a miniature fertilizer mill a minute after entering. The stuff was half an inch deep in his skin— his whole system was full of it, and it would have taken a week not merely of scrubbing, but of vigorous exercise, to get it out of him. As it was, he could be compared with nothing known to men, save that newest discovery of the savants, a substance which emits energy for an unlimited time, without being itself in the least diminished in power. He smelled so that he made all the food at the table taste, and set the whole family to vomiting; for himself it was three days before he could keep anything upon his stomach—he might wash his hands, and use a knife and fork, but were not his mouth and throat filled with the poison? And still Jurgis stuck it out! In spite of splitting headaches he would stagger down to the plant and take up his stand once more, and begin to shovel in the blinding clouds of dust. And so at the end of the week he was a fertilizer man for life—he was able to eat again, and though his head never stopped aching, it ceased to be so bad that he could not work. So there passed another summer. It was a summer of prosperity, all over the country, and the country ate generously of packing house products, and there was plenty of work for all the family, in spite of the packers' efforts to keep a superfluity of labor. They were again able to pay their debts and to begin to save a little sum; but there were one or two sacrifices they considered too heavy to be made for long—it was too bad that the boys should have to sell papers at their age. It was utterly useless to caution them and plead with them; quite without knowing it, they were taking on the tone of their new environment. They were learning to swear in voluble English; they were learning to pick up cigar stumps and smoke them, to pass hours of their time gambling with pennies and dice and cigarette cards; they were learning the location of all the houses of prostitution

Korean dice: 주사위, 야채 따위를 골패짝 모양으로 썰다, 작은 입방체, 주사위 놀이를 하다, 주사위 노름으로 잃다, 작은 입방체-주사위 놀이를 하다주사위 노름으로 잃다, 주사위꼴로 자르다, 주사위꼴로 하다, 서양 장기판 꼴로 하다, 거절하다, 도박해서 잃다. diminished: 감소된, 권위가 떨어진, 반음 줄인, 감손된. fork: 포크, 갈래, 쇠스랑, 아귀,

가랑이꼴이 되다, 포크 모양으로 하다, 포크로 찌르다, 포크를 쓰다, 쇠스랑으로 던지다, 쇠스랑으로던지다, 서서 먹는. generously: 관대하게, 푸짐하게, 풍부하게, 활수하게. prosperity: 번영, 행운, 성공. splitting: 포복절도할, 머리가 쪼개질 것 같은, 쪼개지는, 신속한, 파편, 우습기 짝이 없는, 나는듯한, 귀청이 터질것 같은, 재빠른, 나는 듯한.

transfix: 그 자리에서 꼼짝 못하게 하다, 꿰뚫다, 고정시키다, 그 자리에 못박히게 하다, 찌르다. unlimited: 끝없는, 무한한, 무제한의, 부정의, 제한 없는, 한없는. vigorous: 정력적인, 원기가 있는, 활기에 찬, 힘찬, 기운찬, 원기 왕성한, 잘 자라는, 활기 있는. voluble: 유창한, 수다스러운, 입심좋은, 말 잘 하는, 변설이 유창한, 휘감는, 습성이 있는, 회전성의.

Upton Sinclair

143

on the "Levee," and the names of the "madames" who kept them, and the days when they gave their state banquets, which the police captains and the big politicians all attended. If a visiting "country customer" were to ask them, they could show him which was "Hinkydink's" famous saloon, and could even point out to him by name the different gamblers and thugs and "hold-up men" who made the place their headquarters. And worse yet, the boys were getting out of the habit of coming home at night. What was the use, they would ask, of wasting time and energy and a possible carfare riding out to the stockyards every night when the weather was pleasant and they could crawl under a truck or into an empty doorway and sleep exactly as well? So long as they brought home a half dollar for each day, what mattered it when they brought it? But Jurgis declared that from this to ceasing to come at all would not be a very long step, and so it was decided that Vilimas and Nikalojus should return to school in the fall, and that instead Elzbieta should go out and get some work, her place at home being taken by her younger daughter.% Little Kotrina was like most children of the poor, prematurely made old; she had to take care of her little brother, who was a cripple, and also of the baby; she had to cook the meals and wash the dishes and clean house, and have supper ready when the workers came home in the evening. She was only thirteen, and small for her age, but she did all this without a murmur; and her mother went out, and after trudging a couple of days about the yards, settled down as a servant of a "sausage machine." Elzbieta was used to working, but she found this change a hard one, for the reason that she had to stand motionless upon her feet from seven o'clock in the morning till half-past twelve, and again from one till half-past five. For the first few days it seemed to her that she could not stand it—she suffered almost as much as Jurgis had from the fertilizer, and would come out at sundown with her head fairly reeling. Besides this, she was working in one of the dark holes, by electric light, and the dampness, too, was deadly—there were always puddles of water on the floor, and a sickening odor of moist flesh in the room. The people who worked here followed the ancient custom of nature, whereby the ptarmigan

Korean ceasing: 중단, 중지. dampness: 습기, 축축함. dishes: 식탁용 접시류. flesh: 고기, 육체, 살, 인류, 육욕, 식육, 생물, 살집, 살색, 과육, 친척. headquarters: 본부, 사령부, 본부원, 소식통. instead: 의 대신에, 그 대신으로서. moist: 습한, 눅눅한, 비가 많은, 습기찬. murmur: 시내의 졸졸거리는 소리,

속삭임, 불평, 파도의 출렁거리는 소리, 졸졸 소래내다, 웅성대다, 중얼 거림, 투덜거리다, 투덜거리다-중얼 거림, 속삭이다, 나뭇잎 따위의 살랑거리는 소리. pleasant: 쾌활한, 유쾌한, 즐거운, 익살, 맑은, 농담, 우스운, 날씨가 쾌적한, 쾌적한. riding: 승마, 구, 승차, 승마의, 승차 말길, 승마용의. servant: 하인, 봉사자, 고용인, 머슴,

부하, 공무원, 종업원, 하인의. sundown: 일몰. thirteen: 십삼세, 십삼세의, 십삼의, 열세개, 열셋. visiting: 방문, 방문용의. wash: 도금하다, 씻다, 세광하다, 세제, 세탁, 습지, 화장수, 믿을 만하다, 그 소리, 씻어 정하게 하다, 쓸어 넣다. whereby: 어떻게, 그에 의하여, 하는, 무엇에 의하여.

144

The Jungle

is the color of dead leaves in the fall and of snow in the winter, and the chameleon, who is black when he lies upon a stump and turns green when he moves to a leaf. The men and women who worked in this department were precisely the color of the "fresh country sausage" they made.% The sausage-room was an interesting place to visit, for two or three minutes, and provided that you did not look at the people; the machines were perhaps the most wonderful things in the entire plant. Presumably sausages were once chopped and stuffed by hand, and if so it would be interesting to know how many workers had been displaced by these inventions. On one side of the room were the hoppers, into which men shoveled loads of meat and wheelbarrows full of spices; in these great bowls were whirling knives that made two thousand revolutions a minute, and when the meat was ground fine and adulterated with potato flour, and well mixed with water, it was forced to the stuffing machines on the other side of the room. The latter were tended by women; there was a sort of spout, like the nozzle of a hose, and one of the women would take a long string of "casing" and put the end over the nozzle and then work the whole thing on, as one works on the finger of a tight glove. This string would be twenty or thirty feet long, but the woman would have it all on in a jiffy; and when she had several on, she would press a lever, and a stream of sausage meat would be shot out, taking the casing with it as it came. Thus one might stand and see appear, miraculously born from the machine, a wriggling snake of sausage of incredible length. In front was a big pan which caught these creatures, and two more women who seized them as fast as they appeared and twisted them into links. This was for the uninitiated the most perplexing work of all; for all that the woman had to give was a single turn of the wrist; and in some way she contrived to give it so that instead of an endless chain of sausages, one after another, there grew under her hands a bunch of strings, all dangling from a single center. It was quite like the feat of a prestidigitator—for the woman worked so fast that the eye could literally not follow her, and there was only a mist of motion, and tangle after tangle of sausages appearing. In the midst of the mist, however, the visitor would suddenly notice the tense set face, with the two wrinkles graven in the forehead, and the ghastly pallor of the cheeks; and then he would suddenly

Korean bunch: 송이, 다발, 혹, 한패, 융기. casing: 싸개, 포장, 창틀, 집, 외피, 액자, 상자, 포장재료, 문츨, 둘러싼것, 덮개. chameleon: 카멜레온, 지조 없는 사람, 카멜레온 자리, 변덕장이, 변덕쟁이. contrived: 부자연스러운, 인위적인. glove: 장갑, 글러브, 에 장갑을 끼다. graven: 조각된, 감명 깊은, 마음에 새겨진, 새긴. jiffy: 순간.

miraculously: 기적적으로. nozzle: 주둥이, 코, 노즐, 끌, 분출구, 취구, 파이프 주둥이, 대통 주둥이. pallor: 창백, 해쓱함, 피부 따위의 창백, 얼굴 따위의 창백. spout: 내뿜다, 주둥이, 전당잡히다, 전당포, 분출, 회오리, 도도히 말하다, 물기둥전당물 발송 승강기, 분류, 꼭지, 분수. stuffing: 채워넣기, 짚, 여백메우는 기사, 솜, 속, 깃털, 채워 넣기.

stump: 유세하다, 의족, 그루터기, 괴롭히다, 뿌리, 의족으로 걷다, 곤경에 빠져, 꼬투리, 난처하게 하다, 도전하다, 쿵쿵 걷다. tangle: 엉키다, 빠지다, 얽히다, 빠뜨리다, 얽히게 하다, 싸우다, 분규가 일어나다, 분규를 일으키다, 올가미에 걸리게 하다, 얽힘, 싸움. uninitiated: 충분한 경험이 없는, 풋내기의, 초심자, 미경험자. wrinkles: 주름살.

Upton Sinclair

145

recollect that it was time he was going on. The woman did not go on; she stayed right there—hour after hour, day after day, year after year, twisting sausage links and racing with death. It was piecework, and she was apt to have a family to keep alive; and stern and ruthless economic laws had arranged it that she could only do this by working just as she did, with all her soul upon her work, and with never an instant for a glance at the well-dressed ladies and gentlemen who came to stare at her, as at some wild beast in a menagerie.%

Korean alive: 활기를 띠어, 살아서, 혈기왕성하여, 살아 있는, 떼지어, 민감한, 전류가 통하고 있는, 생생하여. glance: 빗나가다 흘긋 돌리다, 훑어 보다, 잠깐 언급되다, 잠깐 보아서, 흘긋 봄, 일견하다, 흘긋 돌리다, 스치고 지나가 다, 흘긋, 일견, 번쩍 빛나다. hour: 시각, 시, 시간, 한시간, 영업시간, 한 시간, 시과, 사기, 때,

근무 시간, 계절의 여신들. 빤히 보다, 노려보아..시키다, 시키다, links: 골프장, 모래밭, 해안을 따라 빤히 쳐다보기, 노려보아, 노려보다, 기복이 있는 모래밭. 눈에 띄다. piecework: 도급일, 삯일, 일한 분량에 stern: 황량한, 엄격한, 고물, 쓸쓸한, 따라 공임을 지급 받는 일. 선미, 굳은, 준엄한, 단호한, 고물 racing: 경주, 경마, 경주의, 경주하는, 별자리, 피할 도리가 없는, 엉덩이. 경주에 참가하는, 보트 경조, 경마의, well-dressed: 좋은 옷을 입은. 경마광의, 헛돎. wild: 난폭한, 황무지, 황폐한, ruthless: 무정한, 무자비한, 잔인한, 열광적인, 야생의, 야만의, 빗나간, 가차없는, 냉혹한. 사람이 살지 않는, 난폭하게, 황야, stare: 응시하다, 응시, 두드러 지다, 방탕한.

146

The Jungle

CHAPTER 14

With%one member trimming beef in a cannery, and another working in a sausage factory, the family had a first-hand knowledge of the great majority of Packingtown swindles. For it was the custom, as they found, whenever meat was so spoiled that it could not be used for anything else, either to can it or else to chop it up into sausage. With what had been told them by Jonas, who had worked in the pickle rooms, they could now study the whole of the spoiled-meat industry on the inside, and read a new and grim meaning into that old Packingtown jest—that they use everything of the pig except the squeal. Jonas had told them how the meat that was taken out of pickle would often be found sour, and how they would rub it up with soda to take away the smell, and sell it to be eaten on free-lunch counters; also of all the miracles of chemistry which they performed, giving to any sort of meat, fresh or salted, whole or chopped, any color and any flavor and any odor they chose. In the pickling of hams they had an ingenious apparatus, by which they saved time and increased the capacity of the plant—a machine consisting of a hollow needle attached to a pump; by plunging this needle into the meat and working with his foot, a man could fill a ham with pickle in a few seconds. And yet, in spite of this, there would be hams found spoiled, some of them with an odor so bad that a man could hardly bear to be in the room with them. To pump into these the packers had a second and much stronger pickle which destroyed the odor—a process

Korean cannery: 통조림 공장, 통조림공장. 몰아넣다. chop: 상표, 입, 입구, 자르다, 턱, hollow: 구멍, 우묵한 곳, 공허한, 찍다, 절단, 품질, 갑자기 변하다, 골짜기, 거짓의, 도려내다, 속이 텅빈, 잘라낸 조각, 음악적 재능. 우묵 들어가다, 힘없는, 우묵 들어간, everything: 만사, 가장 소중한 것, 공복의. 무엇이든지모두, 모두, 무엇이든지. knowledge: 지식, 학식, 이해, 학문, few: 별로없는, 적은, 거의 없는, 견문, 인식, 인생 따위의 경험, 경험. 조금은 있는, 수가 적은. rub: 장애, 문지르다, 마찰, 곤란, hole: 구멍, 결점, 틈, 구멍을 뚫다, 굴, 마찰하다, 빈정거림, 애써 나아가다, 궁지, 토굴 감옥, 흘, 공을 구멍에 쳐 울퉁불퉁함, 문지르기, 스치다, 넣다, 꼼짝할 수 없는 곤경, 굴에 빈정대기.

salted: 소금에 절인, 염분이 있는, 경험있는, 노련한, 면역된, 소금으로 간을 맞춘, 숙련된, 순화된, 속임수를 쓴, 풍토에 익숙해진. seconds: 이등품. soda: 소다, 소다수, 탄산수, 크림소다, 소다의. trimming: 손질, 패배, 정돈, 장식, 꾸지람, 깎아 다듬기, 균형 잡기, 매질.

Upton Sinclair

147

known to the workers as "giving them thirty per cent." Also, after the hams had been smoked, there would be found some that had gone to the bad. Formerly these had been sold as "Number Three Grade," but later on some ingenious person had hit upon a new device, and now they would extract the bone, about which the bad part generally lay, and insert in the hole a white-hot iron. After this invention there was no longer Number One, Two, and Three Grade—there was only Number One Grade. The packers were always originating such schemes—they had what they called "boneless hams," which were all the odds and ends of pork stuffed into casings; and "California hams," which were the shoulders, with big knuckle joints, and nearly all the meat cut out; and fancy "skinned hams," which were made of the oldest hogs, whose skins were so heavy and coarse that no one would buy them—that is, until they had been cooked and chopped fine and labeled "head cheese!"% It was only when the whole ham was spoiled that it came into the department of Elzbieta. Cut up by the two-thousand-revolutions- a-minute flyers, and mixed with half a ton of other meat, no odor that ever was in a ham could make any difference. There was never the least attention paid to what was cut up for sausage; there would come all the way back from Europe old sausage that had been rejected, and that was moldy and white—it would be dosed with borax and glycerine, and dumped into the hoppers, and made over again for home consumption. There would be meat that had tumbled out on the floor, in the dirt and sawdust, where the workers had tramped and spit uncounted billions of consumption germs. There would be meat stored in great piles in rooms; and the water from leaky roofs would drip over it, and thousands of rats would race about on it. It was too dark in these storage places to see well, but a man could run his hand over these piles of meat and sweep off handfuls of the dried dung of rats. These rats were nuisances, and the packers would put poisoned bread out for them; they would die, and then rats, bread, and meat would go into the hoppers together. This is no fairy story and no joke; the meat would be shoveled into carts, and the man who did the shoveling would not trouble to lift out a rat even when he saw one— there were things that went into the sausage in comparison with which a poisoned rat was a tidbit. There was no

Korean borax: 붕사, 값싸고 번쩍이는, 붕산나트륨, 싸구려물건. coarse: 야비한, 조잡한, 결이 거친, 조제의, 하치의, 천한, 상스러운, 추잡한, 눈, 굵은, 거친. comparison: 비교, 비유, 유사, 비김, 필적, 대조, 비교변화. drip: 적하, 물방울, 똑똑 떨어지다, 똑똑떨어지다, 빗물받이 돌, 서교성 없는 사람, 미련한 사람, 물방울을 듣게 하다, 똑똑 떨어지는 물방울

소리, 똑똑 떨어지기, 듣다. dung: 똥거름, 똥, 거름을 주다. glycerine: 글리세린. insert: 삽입물, 끼워넣다, 삽입하다, 삽입자막, 삽입광고, 삽입 페이지, 삽입 자막, 끼우다, 게재하다, 써넣다, 삽입. knuckle: 주먹, 손가락관절, 열심히 하다, 손가락 마디를 땅에 대다, 무고기, 무릎고기, 돌기, 무릎관절, 네발짐승의 무릎관절, 지관절, 특히

손가락 밑부분의 지관절. moldy: 진부한, 케케묵은, 곰팡난, 곰팡이 난, 곰팡이가 핀, 지겨운, 질이 나쁜. sawdust: 톱밥, 콧대를 꺾어 놓다. tidbit: 재미있는 이야기, 맛있는 가벼운 음식, 한입, 재미있는 뉴스, 토막 뉴스, 한 입. uncounted: 세지 않은, 무수한. white-hot: 열렬한, 백열한, 아주 열심인, 백열의, 흥분한.

148

The Jungle

place for the men to wash their hands before they ate their dinner, and so they made a practice of washing them in the water that was to be ladled into the sausage. There were the butt-ends of smoked meat, and the scraps of corned beef, and all the odds and ends of the waste of the plants, that would be dumped into old barrels in the cellar and left there. Under the system of rigid economy which the packers enforced, there were some jobs that it only paid to do once in a long time, and among these was the cleaning out of the waste barrels. Every spring they did it; and in the barrels would be dirt and rust and old nails and stale water—and cartload after cartload of it would be taken up and dumped into the hoppers with fresh meat, and sent out to the public's breakfast. Some of it they would make into "smoked" sausage—but as the smoking took time, and was therefore expensive, they would call upon their chemistry department, and preserve it with borax and color it with gelatine to make it brown. All of their sausage came out of the same bowl, but when they came to wrap it they would stamp some of it "special," and for this they would charge two cents more a pound.% Such were the new surroundings in which Elzbieta was placed, and such was the work she was compelled to do. It was stupefying, brutalizing work; it left her no time to think, no strength for anything. She was part of the machine she tended, and every faculty that was not needed for the machine was doomed to be crushed out of existence. There was only one mercy about the cruel grind— that it gave her the gift of insensibility. Little by little she sank into a torpor— she fell silent. She would meet Jurgis and Ona in the evening, and the three would walk home together, often without saying a word. Ona, too, was falling into a habit of silence—Ona, who had once gone about singing like a bird. She was sick and miserable, and often she would barely have strength enough to drag herself home. And there they would eat what they had to eat, and afterward, because there was only their misery to talk of, they would crawl into bed and fall into a stupor and never stir until it was time to get up again, and dress by candlelight, and go back to the machines. They were so numbed that they did not even suffer much from hunger, now; only the children continued to fret when the food ran short.

Korean candlelight: 저녁, 촛불, 촛불아래서 하는, 촛물 또는 불을 켤 무렵, 등불 켤 무렵, 촛불 아래서 하는. cartload: 대량, 한 바리, 한수레의양, 짐차 1대분의 짐. dirt: 진흙, 쓰레기, 오물, 비열한 언사, 흙, 토지, 먼지, 욕, 굴욕을 참다, 폐석, 욕설. enforced: 강제적인, 강제된. fret: 먹어들어가다, 초조하다, 부식하다, 물결치게하다, 애타다,

프렛, 초조, 에 프렛을 달다, 애달음, 안달하다, 뇌문. gelatine: 젤라틴, 아교. insensibility: 태연, 무신경, 무감각, 인사불성, 무의식, 둔감, 냉담. meat: 고기, 식사, 음식, 살, 알맹이, 음식물, 식용 짐승고기. rust: 녹, 녹슬다, 녹병에 걸리다, 녹병, 무활동, 녹슬게 하다, 녹병균, 녹빛이 되다, 녹빛, 나쁜 습관, 둔해지다. stale: 김빠진, 피곤한, 굳어진, 시시한,

신선치 않은, 케케묵은, 생기가 없는, 탁한, 신선하지 않은, 신선미가 없는, 맛이 없어지게 하다. stamp: 종류, 분쇄하다, 우표를 붙이다, 타인기, 우표, 특징, 표, 스탬프, 수입 인지, 쇄석기, 도장. stir: 활동, 움직이다, 움직임, 휘젓다, 뒤섞다, 흥분, 찌르기, 휘젓기, 유통하다, 흥분시키다, 활동하다. stupefying: 깜짝 놀라게 하는. surroundings: 주위, 주위의 상태.

Upton Sinclair

149

Yet the soul of Ona was not dead—the souls of none of them were dead, but only sleeping; and now and then they would waken, and these were cruel times. The gates of memory would roll open—old joys would stretch out their arms to them, old hopes and dreams would call to them, and they would stir beneath the burden that lay upon them, and feel its forever immeasurable weight. They could not even cry out beneath it; but anguish would seize them, more dreadful than the agony of death. It was a thing scarcely to be spoken—a thing never spoken by all the world, that will not know its own defeat.% They were beaten; they had lost the game, they were swept aside. It was not less tragic because it was so sordid, because it had to do with wages and grocery bills and rents. They had dreamed of freedom; of a chance to look about them and learn something; to be decent and clean, to see their child grow up to be strong. And now it was all gone—it would never be! They had played the game and they had lost. Six years more of toil they had to face before they could expect the least respite, the cessation of the payments upon the house; and how cruelly certain it was that they could never stand six years of such a life as they were living! They were lost, they were going down— and there was no deliverance for them, no hope; for all the help it gave them the vast city in which they lived might have been an ocean waste, a wilderness, a desert, a tomb. So often this mood would come to Ona, in the nighttime, when something wakened her; she would lie, afraid of the beating of her own heart, fronting the blood-red eyes of the old primeval terror of life. Once she cried aloud, and woke Jurgis, who was tired and cross. After that she learned to weep silently—their moods so seldom came together now! It was as if their hopes were buried in separate graves. Jurgis, being a man, had troubles of his own. There was another specter following him. He had never spoken of it, nor would he allow any one else to speak of it—he had never acknowledged its existence to himself. Yet the battle with it took all the manhood that he had— and once or twice, alas, a little more. Jurgis had discovered drink. He was working in the steaming pit of hell; day after day, week after week— until now, there was not an organ of his body that did its work without pain,

Korean acknowledged: 일반적으로 인정된, 정평 있는, 정평있는. aloud: 큰 소리로, 똑똑히, 소리 내어. beating: 고동, 때림, 날개치기, 타파, 매질, 박정한 대우, 구타, 맥박, 패배, 채찍질의 처벌, 지게 하기. cessation: 중지, 정지, 중단, 휴지. desert: 버리다, 당연한 응보, 사막, 도망하다, 불모의, 상을 받을 만한 가치, 사막의, 지방의, 쓸쓸한, 불모 시대, 불모 지대.

graves: 포도주, 그라부산. immeasurable: 끝없는, 헤아릴수 없는, 광대한, 잴 수 없는, 측정할 수 없는. ocean: 대양, 끝없이 넓음, 막대한 양, 많음, 양. organ: 기관, 파이프 오르간, 오르간, 음성, 인간의 음성, 생물의 기관. pit: 씨, 함정, 지옥, 구덩이, 곰보를 만들다, 아래층 뒤쪽 좌석, 채굴장, 움푹한 곳, 얽은 자국, 싸움 붙이기,

구덩이를 만들다. rents: 부모. seize: 잡다, 압류하다, 침범하다, 이용하다, 움켜쥐다, 이해하다, 잡아매다, 잘 알고 있다, 붙들어 매다, 덮치다, 엄습하다. spoken: 구두, 입으로 말하는, 구두의, 담화에 사용되는, 말에 사용되는. tomb: 무덤, 매장하다, 묘비, 죽음. tragic: 비참한, 비극의, 비극적인, 비극적 요소.

150

The Jungle

until the sound of ocean breakers echoed in his head day and night, and the buildings swayed and danced before him as he went down the street. And from all the unending horror of this there was a respite, a deliverance—he could drink! He could forget the pain, he could slip off the burden; he would see clearly again, he would be master of his brain, of his thoughts, of his will. His dead self would stir in him, and he would find himself laughing and cracking jokes with his companions—he would be a man again, and master of his life.% It was not an easy thing for Jurgis to take more than two or three drinks. With the first drink he could eat a meal, and he could persuade himself that that was economy; with the second he could eat another meal—but there would come a time when he could eat no more, and then to pay for a drink was an unthinkable extravagance, a defiance of the agelong instincts of his hunger-haunted class. One day, however, he took the plunge, and drank up all that he had in his pockets, and went home half "piped," as the men phrase it. He was happier than he had been in a year; and yet, because he knew that the happiness would not last, he was savage, too with those who would wreck it, and with the world, and with his life; and then again, beneath this, he was sick with the shame of himself. Afterward, when he saw the despair of his family, and reckoned up the money he had spent, the tears came into his eyes, and he began the long battle with the specter. It was a battle that had no end, that never could have one. But Jurgis did not realize that very clearly; he was not given much time for reflection. He simply knew that he was always fighting. Steeped in misery and despair as he was, merely to walk down the street was to be put upon the rack. There was surely a saloon on the corner— perhaps on all four corners, and some in the middle of the block as well; and each one stretched out a hand to him each one had a personality of its own, allurements unlike any other. Going and coming—before sunrise and after dark—there was warmth and a glow of light, and the steam of hot food,and perhaps music, or a friendly face, and a word of good cheer. Jurgis developed a fondness for having Ona on his arm whenever he went out on the street, and he would hold her tightly, and walk fast. It was pitiful to have Ona

Korean cheer: 환호, 기분, 갈채, 갈채하다, 격려, 격려하다, 기운이 나다, 음식물, 기운을 북돋우다, 환성을 지르다, 음식. cracking: 굉장히 좋은, 매우, 열분해, 분류, 빠른, 굉장히, 아주 멋진, 철저한, 크래킹, 활발한, 맹렬한. defiance: 도전, 반항, 무시. extravagance: 방종, 터무니 없음, 낭비, 사치, 방종한 언행. fondness: 취미, 경신, 기호, 도타운

사랑, 자애, 좋아함, 귀여워함, 부끄럼, 부끄러워 하게 하다, 다정함, 맹목적 사랑. 모욕하다, 부끄럽게 하다, 부끄러움, glow: 백열, 열정, 선명함, 열중하다, 심한 짓, 잡된 행실. 기쁨, 달다, 만족감, 백열빛을 내다, unthinkable: 생각할 수 없는, 있은성 불붙다, 작열, 빛을 발하다. 싶지 않은, 상상도할 수 없는, 생각할 merely: 단지, 다만. 가치도 없는. rack: 고문, 파괴, 그물 선반, 선반, wreck: 난파, 잔해, 난파시키다, 고문대, 고문하다, 조각구름, 파괴하다, 난파선, 난파하다, 착취하다, 침대, 경구보로 뛰어가다, 난파선을 구조하다, 파멸, 파괴, 황폐. 영락한 사람, 난파선을 구조하러 shame: 치욕, 불명예, 수치, 창피한 일, 가다.

Upton Sinclair

151

know of this—it drove him wild to think of it; the thing was not fair, for Ona had never tasted drink, and so could not understand. Sometimes, in despeate hours, he would find himself wishing that she might learn what it was, so that he need not be ashamed in her presence. They might drink together, and escape from the horror— escape for a while, come what would.% So there came a time when nearly all the conscious life of Jurgis consisted of a struggle with the craving for liquor. He would have ugly moods, when he hated Ona and the whole family, because they stood in his way. He was a fool to have married; he had tied himself down, had made himself a slave. It was all because he was a married man that he was compelled to stay in the yards; if it had not been for that he might have gone off like Jonas, and to hell with the packers. There were few single men in the fertilizer mill— and those few were working only for a chance to escape. Meantime, too, they had something to think about while they worked,—they had the memory of the last time they had been drunk, and the hope of the time when they would be drunk again. As for Jurgis, he was expected to bring home every penny; he could not even go with the men at noontime—he was supposed to sit down and eat his dinner on a pile of fertilizer dust. This was not always his mood, of course; he still loved his family. But just now was a time of trial. Poor little Antanas, for instance— who had never failed to win him with a smile—little Antanas was not smiling just now, being a mass of fiery red pimples. He had had all the diseases that babies are heir to, in quick succession, scarlet fever, mumps, and whooping cough in the first year, and now he was down with the measles. There was no one to attend him but Kotrina; there was no doctor to help him, because they were too poor, and children did not die of the measles—at least not often. Now and then Kotrina would find time to sob over his woes, but for the greater part of the time he had to be left alone, barricaded upon the bed. The floor was full of drafts, and if he caught cold he would die. At night he was tied down, lest he should kick the covers off him, while the family lay in their stupor of exhaustion. He would lie and scream for hours, almost in convulsions; and then, when he was worn out,

Korean ashamed: 낯을 붉히어, 부끄러워하여, 부끄러이 여겨, 부끄러워. craving: 갈망, 열망, 간원 강렬한, 갈망하는, 열망하는. drunk: 주정뱅이, 술취한, 취한, 술주정뱅이, 술좌석, 도취된. fiery: 불의, 염증을 일으킨, 불빛의, 불같은, 불타고있는, 격하기 쉬운, 작열하는, 열렬한, 얼얼한, 인화하기 쉬운, 폭발하기 쉬운. heir: 후계자, 계승자, 사자, 상속인,

후계하다, 남자 상속인. measles: 홍역, 흥역. mumps: 이하선염, 항아리 손님, 뿌루퉁함, 유행성 이하선염. scarlet: 주홍색, 주홍빛, 진홍색의, 진홍색, 죄많은, 진분홍 빛의 옷, 죄악을 상징하는 진홍빛. scream: 소리치다, 날카로운 소리, 깔깔대다, 매우 익살스런 사람, 큰 소리를 지르다, 번지르르하여 어울리지 않다, 깔깔거리며 웃다,

센세이셔널 글을 써대다, 소리질러 말하다, 우스꽝스러운 것, 우스꽝스러운 사람. slave: 노예, 뼈빠지게 일하다, 노예의, 노예처럼 시키다, 노예처럼 일하는 사람, 노예처럼 일하다, 노예개미, 종속 장치로서 작동시키다, 노예같이 일하는 사람, 사로빠진 사람, 종속 장치. succession: 연속, 계승, 상속, 상속자들, 계승권, 상속권, 연속물.

152

The Jungle

he would lie whimpering and wailing in his torment. He was burning up with fever, and his eyes were running sores; in the daytime he was a thing uncanny and impish to behold, a plaster of pimples and sweat, a great purple lump of misery.% Yet all this was not really as cruel as it sounds, for, sick as he was, little Antanas was the least unfortunate member of that family. He was quite able to bear his sufferings—it was as if he had all these complaints to show what a prodigy of health he was. He was the child of his parents' youth and joy; he grew up like the conjurer's rosebush, and all the world was his oyster. In general, he toddled around the kitchen all day with a lean and hungry look—the portion of the family's allowance that fell to him was not enough, and he was unrestrainable in his demand for more. Antanas was but little over a year old, and already no one but his father could manage him. It seemed as if he had taken all of his mother's strength—had left nothing for those that might come after him. Ona was with child again now, and it was a dreadful thing to contemplate; even Jurgis, dumb and despairing as he was, could not but understand that yet other agonies were on the way, and shudder at the thought of them. For Ona was visibly going to pieces. In the first place she was developing a cough, like the one that had killed old Dede Antanas. She had had a trace of it ever since that fatal morning when the greedy streetcar corporation had turned her out into the rain; but now it was beginning to grow serious, and to wake her up at night. Even worse than that was the fearful nervousness from which she suffered; she would have frightful headaches and fits of aimless weeping; and sometimes she would come home at night shuddering and moaning, and would fling herself down upon the bed and burst into tears. Several times she was quite beside herself and hysterical; and then Jurgis would go half-mad with fright. Elzbieta would explain to him that it could not be helped, that a woman was subject to such things when she was pregnant; but he was hardly to be persuaded, and would beg and plead to know what had happened. She had never been like this before, he would argue—it was monstrous and unthinkable.

Korean aimless: 목적없는, 목적이 없는, 목표없는. despairing: 절망적인, 필사의, 자포자기한. dumb: 우둔한, 벙어리의, 말이없는, 말못하는, 무언의, 말문이 막힌, 아연케 하다, 말문이막힌, 깜작 놀라게 하다, 바보 같다, 소리없는. greedy: 탐욕스러운, 걸신들린, 열망하는, 게걸스러운, 대식하는. hysterical: 히스테리의, 병적으로

흥분한. impish: 개구장이의, 장난꾸러기의, 장난스런, 작은 악마 같은, 작은 악마의. nervousness: 소심성, 신경과민, 겁, 신경 과민. oyster: 굴, 모려, 골반 양쪽의 오목한 속에 있는 살점, 닭의 골반 양쪽의 오목한 속에 있는 살점, 입이 무거운 사람. prodigy: 천재, 경탄, 비범, 장관,

불가사의한 것, 비범의. rosebush: 장미나무, 장미덤불, 장미 나무. shudder: 떨다, 떪, 몸서리치다, 떨림, 몸서리. sweat: 땀, 고역, 혹사하다, 걱정하여, 땀 흘려 일하다, 열심히 일하여, 고문하다, 땀으로 적시다, 땀을 흘리게 하다, 땀을 흘리다, 물기. visibly: 눈에 보이게, 뚜렷하게, 명백히, 역력히.

Upton Sinclair

153

It was the life she had to live, the accursed work she had to do, that was killing her by inches. She was not fitted for it—no woman was fitted for it, no woman ought to be allowed to do such work; if the world could not keep them alive any other way it ought to kill them at once and be done with it. They ought not to marry, to have children; no workingman ought to marry—if he, Jurgis, had known what a woman was like, he would have had his eyes torn out first. So he would carry on, becoming half hysterical himself, which was an unbearable thing to see in a big man; Ona would pull herself together and fling herself into his arms, begging him to stop, to be still, that she would be better, it would be all right. So she would lie and sob out her grief upon his shoulder, while he gazed at her, as helpless as a wounded animal, the target of unseen enemies.%

Korean allowed: 허용된, 양자수의 변화를 포함한. becoming: 어울리는, 알맞은, 생성. fitted: 장비하여, 을 갖추어, 꼭 맞게 만들어진. inches: 신장. kill: 죽이다, 기세를 꺾다, 시내, 잡은 것, 수로, 살생, 보내다, 말라 주게하다, 말살하다, 살인하다, 말라 죽게하다. lie: 거짓말, 방향, 눕다, 위치, 있다,

기대다, 향, 거짓말하다, 통해 있다, 총의 자세, 어깨에 해당하는 부분, 사기, 소굴. 어깨로 밀다, 짊어지다, 어깨살, 을 marry: 굳게 결합시키다, 와 결혼하다, 어깨로 밀다, 어깨 같은 것, 을 어깨로 결혼시키다, 결혼하다, 꼬아 합치다, 밀치다, 견각. 밧줄 따위를 꼬아 합치다, 시집가다, target: 과녁, 목표, 목표액, 목표액에 의 결혼식을 거행하다. 달하다, 목표판, 새끼양의 가슴살, pull: 뽑다, 끌다, 당기다, 제어하다, 타깃, 새끼양의 목살, 전철기의 원형 마시다, 따다, 당기어 손상시키다, 신호기. 당겨지다, 찢다, 잡아 당기다, 끌어 unbearable: 참기 어려운, 견딜 수 당기다. 없는. shoulder: 어깨, 어깨고기, 어깨에 workingman: 노동자.

154

The Jungle

CHAPTER 15

The%beginning of these perplexing things was in the summer; and each time Ona would promise him with terror in her voice that it would not happen again—but in vain. Each crisis would leave Jurgis more and more frightened, more disposed to distrust Elzbieta's consolations, and to believe that there was some terrible thing about all this that he was not allowed to know. Once or twice in these outbreaks he caught Ona's eye, and it seemed to him like the eye of a hunted animal; there were broken phrases of anguish and despair now and then, amid her frantic weeping. It was only because he was so numb and beaten himself that Jurgis did not worry more about this. But he never thought of it, except when he was dragged to it—he lived like a dumb beast of burden, knowing only the moment in which he was. The winter was coming on again, more menacing and cruel than ever. It was October, and the holiday rush had begun. It was necessary for the packing machines to grind till late at night to provide food that would be eaten at Christmas breakfasts; and Marija and Elzbieta and Ona, as part of the machine, began working fifteen or sixteen hours a day. There was no choice about this— whatever work there was to be done they had to do, if they wished to keep their places; besides that, it added another pittance to their incomes. So they staggered on with the awful load. They would start work every morning at seven, and eat their dinners at noon, and then work until ten or eleven at night

Korean amid: 의 한 복판에, 의 한가운데에, 이 한창일 때, 한창 한는 중에, 복판에, 의 한복판에, 한창 때에. animal: 동물, 짐승, 금수, 동물성의, 짐승 같은 인간, 동물적인, 동물적 요소, 동물성질의, 동물의. beaten: 밟아 다져진, 두들겨 편, 두들겨 맞은, 진, 세게 휘저은, 패배당한, 완전히 지친, 얻어 맞은, 두들겨 늘인, 밟아 다진. caught: 사람을 속이는.

crisis: 위기, 분기점, 중대 국면, 결정적 단계, 고비, 분리, 위험한 고비. distrust: 불신, 의혹, 의심하다. except: 제외하다, 반대하다, 기피하다, 을 제하고는, 외에는, 빼다, 이의를 내세우다. knowing: 멋진, 빈틈 없는, 아는 체하는, 알고 있는, 지식, 멋있는, 사물을 아는, 앎, 잘 알고 있는, 모자 따위 멋있는, 빈틈없는.

lived: 생명이 ...한. load: 짐, 하중, 적재량, 근심, 섞음질을 하여 독하게 만들다, 무거운 짐, 부담, 싣다, 무겁게 하다, 부하, 총에 장전하다. menacing: 위협하는, 협박적인. phrases: 실없는 말. terrible: 무서운, 몹시, 극히 서투른, 호된, 무서운 사람, 대단한. twice: 두번, 두 번, 두 배로.

Upton Sinclair

155

without another mouthful of food. Jurgis wanted to wait for them, to help them home at night, but they would not think of this; the fertilizer mill was not running overtime, and there was no place for him to wait save in a saloon. Each would stagger out into the darkness, and make her way to the corner, where they met; or if the others had already gone, would get into a car, and begin a painful struggle to keep awake. When they got home they were always too tired either to eat or to undress; they would crawl into bed with their shoes on, and lie like logs. If they should fail, they would certainly be lost; if they held out, they might have enough coal for the winter.% A day or two before Thanksgiving Day there came a snowstorm. It began in the afternoon, and by evening two inches had fallen. Jurgis tried to wait for the women, but went into a saloon to get warm, and took two drinks, and came out and ran home to escape from the demon; there he lay down to wait for them, and instantly fell asleep. When he opened his eyes again he was in the midst of a nightmare, and found Elzbieta shaking him and crying out. At first he could not realize what she was saying—Ona had not come home. What time was it, he asked. It was morning—time to be up. Ona had not been home that night! And it was bitter cold, and a foot of snow on the ground. Jurgis sat up with a start. Marija was crying with fright and the children were wailing in sympathy—little Stanislovas in addition, because the terror of the snow was upon him. Jurgis had nothing to put on but his shoes and his coat, and in half a minute he was out of the door. Then, however, he realized that there was no need of haste, that he had no idea where to go. It was still dark as midnight, and the thick snowflakes were sifting down—everything was so silent that he could hear the rustle of them as they fell. In the few seconds that he stood there hesitating he was covered white. He set off at a run for the yards, stopping by the way to inquire in the saloons that were open. Ona might have been overcome on the way; or else she might have met with an accident in the machines. When he got to the place where she worked he inquired of one of the watchmen— there had not been any accident, so far as the man had heard. At the time office, which he found already open,

Korean awake: 깨우다, 일으키다, 깨다, 깨닫다, 방심 않는, 잘 알아채서, 깨어서, 자각시키다-눈뜨다, 자각시키다, 눈뜨다, 분기하다깨어서. coat: 칠하다, 외피, 상의, 입히다, 씌운 것, 가죽, 스커트, 덮개, 코트, 칠, 층. hesitating: 주저하는, 망설이는. instantly: 즉석에서, 즉시, 즉시로, 당장에, 곧, 하자마자. midnight: 한밤중, 자정, 한밤중의,

캄캄한. 바스락바스락, 살랑살랑 소리내다, mill: 제분기, 분쇄기, 공장, 제분소, 살랑살랑 흔들다, 살랑거리는 소리, 권투 경기, 물방앗간, 치고 받기, 살랑거리다, 서둘러 다루다, 말 맷돌을 쓰다, 치고 받다, 증기력 따위를 훔치다, 서둘러 움직이다, 소 따위를 이용한 제분기, 제조 공장. 따위를 훔치다. mouthful: 소량, 입 가득, 한 입, 한 입 shaking: 흔들림, 진동, 흔들리는, 가득. 흔듦. nightmare: 악몽, 몽마, 가위, 공포감, undress: 장식을 떼다, 옷을 벗기다, 불쾌한 사람, 무서운일, 가위눌림, 옷을 벗다, 평복, 의 옷을 벗기다, 불쾌한 예감, 무서움. 평상복의, 폭로하다, 알몸이나 rustle: 훔치다, 기운차게 하다, 다름없는 상태, 알몸 상태.

156

The Jungle

the clerk told him that Ona's check had been turned in the night before, showing that she had left her work.% After that there was nothing for him to do but wait, pacing back and forth in the snow, meantime, to keep from freezing. Already the yards were full of activity; cattle were being unloaded from the cars in the distance, and across the way the "beef-luggers" were toiling in the darkness, carrying two-hundredpound quarters of bullocks into the refrigerator cars. Before the first streaks of daylight there came the crowding throngs of workingmen, shivering, and swinging their dinner pails as they hurried by. Jurgis took up his stand by the time-office window, where alone there was light enough for him to see; the snow fell so quick that it was only by peering closely that he could make sure that Ona did not pass him. Seven o'clock came, the hour when the great packing machine began to move. Jurgis ought to have been at his place in the fertilizer mill; but instead he was waiting, in an agony of fear, for Ona. It was fifteen minutes after the hour when he saw a form emerge from the snow mist, and sprang toward it with a cry. It was she, running swiftly; as she saw him, she staggered forward, and half fell into his outstretched arms. "What has been the matter?" he cried, anxiously. "Where have you been?" It was several scconds before she could get breath to answer him. "I couldn't get home," she exclaimed. "The snow—the cars had stopped." "But where were you then?" he demanded. "I had to go home with a friend," she panted—"with Jadvyga." Jurgis drew a deep breath; but then he noticed that she was sobbing and trembling—as if in one of those nervous crises that he dreaded so. "But what's the matter?" he cried. "What has happened?" "Oh, Jurgis, I was so frightened!" she said, clinging to him wildly. "I have been so worried!" They were near the time station window, and people were staring at them. Jurgis led her away. "How do you mean?" he asked, in perplexity.

Korean anxiously: 걱정스럽게, 근심하여, 걱정하여. clerk: 목사, 판매원, 사무원, 점원, 학자, 서기, 서기로 근무하다, 프런트계, 점원 노릇을 하다, 사무관, 교회서기. clinging: 남에게 의존하는, 몸에 착 붙는, 달라 붙는, 끈덕진, 감겨 붙는, 들러붙는, 몸의 윤곽이 드러나는, 밀착성의. emerge: 벗어나다, 나타나다, 나오다,

드러나다. freezing: 몹시 추운, 태도가 쌀쌀한, 얼어 붙는, 냉동용의, 어는, 냉동, 어느, 결빙, 결빙의. hurried: 매우 급한, 재촉하는. mist: 안개, 어린아이, 조금, 적으나마 성의있는 기부, 아주작은것, 금액의 단위, 소액, 흐림, 이슬비가 내리다, 안개로 덮다, 안개가 덮이다. outstretched: 펼친, 뻗친. pacing: 보측.

perplexity: 난처한 일, 당황, 혼란, 분규, 난국, 곤혹. swiftly: 빨리, 신속히, 즉시, 즉석에서. swinging: 경쾌한, 흔들리는, 활발한, 활개젓는, 진동하는, 음률적이고 생동하는, 유행의 첨단을 가는, 성적으로 자유분방한, 기운찬, 앞뒤로 흔들림, 앞뒤로 흔들리는. wildly: 거칠게, 격렬하게, 야생상태로, 과격하게, 난폭하게, 미친 듯이, 야생적으로, 무턱대고.

Upton Sinclair

157

"I was afraid—I was just afraid!" sobbed Ona. "I knew you wouldn't know where I was, and I didn't know what you might do. I tried to get home, but I was so tired. Oh, Jurgis, Jurgis!" He was so glad to get her back that he could not think clearly about anything else. It did not seem strange to him that she should be so very much upset; all her fright and incoherent protestations did not matter since he had her back. He let her cry away her tears; and then, hecause it was nearly eight o'clock, and they would lose another hour if they delayed, he left her at the packing house door, with her ghastly white face and her haunted eyes of terror.% There was another brief interval. Christmas was almost come; and because the snow still held, and the searching cold, morning after morning Jurgis hall carried his wife to her post, staggering with her through the darkness; until at last, one night, came the end. It lacked but three days of the holidays. About midnight Marija and Elzbieta came home, exclaiming in alarm when they found that Ona had not come. The two had agreed to meet her; and, after waiting, had gone to the room where she worked; only to find that the ham-wrapping girls had quit work an hour before, and left. There was no snow that night, nor was it especially cold; and still Ona had not come! Something more serious must be wrong this time. They aroused Jurgis, and he sat up and listened crossly to the story. She must have gone home again with Jadvyga, he said; Jadvyga lived only two blocks from the yards, and perhaps she had been tired. Nothing could have happened to her—and even if there had, there was nothing could be done about it until morning. Jurgis turned over in his bed, and was snoring again before the two had closed the door. In the morning, however, he was up and out nearly an hour before the usual time. Jadvyga Marcinkus lived on the other side of the yards, beyond Halsted Street, with her mother and sisters, in a single basement room—for Mikolas had recently lost one hand from blood poisoning, and their marriage had been put off forever. The door of the room was in the rear, reached by a narrow court, and

Korean alarm: 경보, 놀람, 경보기, 자명종, 이따금, 때때로, 차거리, 여기저기, 공포, 놀란, 공보, 일보 내딛고 하는 틈막간, 휴지기, 휴지시간, 막간. 도전, 놀라운, 경보를 전하다. narrow: 제한된, 해협, 좁히다, crossly: 거꾸로, 뿌루퉁하게, 가로로, 좁아지다, 가는, 가까스로의, 마음이 가로, 심술궂게, 심사가 나서, 반대로, 좁은, 한정된, 좁은, 협로, 하협. 비스듬히. quit: 그만두다, 사퇴하다, 포기하다, delayed: 뒤 늦은, 지발의. 놓아버리다, 면하여, 자유로와, glad: 기쁜, 유쾌한, 기쁜 듯한, 떠나다, 떠나가다, 일을 중지하다, 일 글라디올러스, 기뻐서. 따위를 그만두다, 용서받은. holidays: 긴 휴가. rear: 뒤, 기르다, 변소, 세우다, 후위, interval: 간격, 휴게시간, 음정, 올리다, 배후, 일으키다, 변소에 가다,

사육하다, 후위의. searching: 수색, 엄중한, 날카로운, 수색하는, 몸에 스며드는. tired: 피곤한, 진부한, 물린, 지친, 싫증난, 케케묵은, 싫어진, 세상이 싫어져서, 낡아빠진, 타이어를 단. upset: 전복, 불화, 뒤집힌, 혼란, 혼란한, 지게하다, 패배, 망치다, 뒤집어 엎다, 몸을해치다, 당황케 하다. wife: 여자, 처, 아내, 부인.

158

The Jungle

Jurgis saw a light in the window and heard something frying as he passed; he knocked, half expecting that Ona would answer.% Instead there was one of Jadvyga's little sisters, who gazed at him through a crack in thc door. "Where's Ona?" he demanded; and the child looked at him in perplexity. "Ona?" she said. "Yes," said Jurgis. isn't she here?" "No," said the child, and Jurgis gave a start. A moment later came Jadvyga, peering over the child's head. When she saw who it was, she slid around out of sight, for she was not quite dressed. Jurgis must excuse her, she began, her mother was very ill— "Ona isn't here?" Jurgis demanded, too alarmed to wait for her to finish. "Why, no," said Jadvyga. "What made you think she would be here? Had she said she was coming?" "No," he answered. "But she hasn't come home—and I thought she would be here the same as before." "As before?" echoed Jadvyga, in perplexity. "The time she spent the night here," said Jurgis. "There must be some mistake," she answered, quickly. "Ona has never spent the night here." He was only half able to realize the words. "Why—why—" he exclaimed. "Two weeks ago. Jadvyga! She told me so the night it snowed, and she could not get home." "There must be some mistake," declared the girl, again; "she didn't come here." He steadied himself by the doorsill; and Jadvyga in her anxiety—for she was fond of Ona—opened the door wide, holding her jacket across her throat. "Are you sure you didn't misunderstand her?" she cried. "She must have meant somewhere else. She—"

Korean alarmed: 불안해 하는, 겁 먹은, 깜짝 면제하다-변명, 면제하다, 이유. 놀란. finish: 끝, 끝손질, 해치우다, 끝내다, crack: 결점, 굴복하다, 변성, 갑작스런 완성하다, 마무리칠을하다, 날카로운 소리, 재치있는말, 시도, 마무리하다, 죽이다, 끝나다, 매우 지껄이다, 자랑, 날카로운 폭음을 섬세한, 가느다란. 내다, 떨어뜨리다, 갈라진 금. fond: 어리석은, 다정한, 정에 무른, doorsill: 문지방. 사랑에 빠진, 실없는, 애정있는, dressed: 요리 준비가 된, 옷을 입은, 좋아서, 토대, 레이스의 바닥 천, 과거분사, 손질을 한. 기초, 좋아하는. excuse: 구실, 용서하다, 변명하다, ill: 서투른, 병든, 나쁜, 나쁘게, 불행, 보아주다, 사과, 핑계, 발뺌, 변명, 악, 불친절하게, 불친절한, 고난,

병고, 형편이 나쁜. jacket: 커버, 재킷, 외피, 상의, 모피, 껍질, 소매가 달린 짧은 상의, 피복물, 짧은 상의, 표지, 감자의 껍질. misunderstand: 오해하다, 오해를 하다. passed: 합격한, 지나가 버린. throat: 좁은 통로, 목소리, 목, 기관, 목구멍, 에 홈을 만들다, 에 홈을 파다, 좁은 입구, 좁은 출구, 목구멍 모양의 물건.

Upton Sinclair

159

"She said here," insisted Jurgis. "She told me all about you, and how you were, and what you said. Are you sure? You haven't forgotten? You weren't away?" "No, no!" she exclaimed—and then came a peevish voice—"Jadvyga, you are giving the baby a cold. Shut the door!" Jurgis stood for half a minute more, stammering his perplexity through an eighth of an inch of crack; and then, as there was really nothing more to be said, he excused himself and went away.% He walked on half dazed, without knowing where he went. Ona had deceived him! She had lied to him! And what could it mean—where had she been? Where was she now? He could hardly grasp the thing— much less try to solve it; but a hundred wild surmises came to him, a sense of impending calamity overwhelmed him. Because there was nothing else to do, he went back to the time office to watch again. He waited until nearly an hour after seven, and then went to the room where Ona worked to make inquiries of Ona's "forelady." The "forelady," he found, had not yet come; all the lines of cars that came from downtown were stalled—there had been an accident in the powerhouse, and no cars had been running since last night. Meantime, however, the ham-wrappers were working away, with some one else in charge of them. The girl who answered Jurgis was busy, and as she talked she looked to see if she were being watched. Then a man came up, wheeling a truck; he knew Jurgis for Ona's husband, and was curious about the mystery. "Maybe the cars had something to do with it," he suggested—"maybe she had gone down-town." "No," said Jurgis. "she never went down-town." "Perhaps not," said the man. Jurgis thought he saw him exchange a swift glance with the girl as he spoke, and he demanded quickly. "What do you know about it?"

Korean busy: 통화중인, 바쁜, 번화한, 참견 잘 하는, 바쁘게 만들다, 전화가 통화중인, 참견 잘하는, 부지런히 일하는. curious: 이상한, 호기심이 강한, 진서인, 면밀한, 묘한, 호기심을 끄는, 진기한, 정성들인, 캐기 좋아하는, 외설한, 알고 싶어하는. deceived: 사기하는. eighth: 여덟 번째, 팔도, 팔 분, 제8의, 제 팔, 여덟 분의 하나 의, 여덟

번째의, 여덟 분의 하나. forgotten: 망각된. grasp: 잡다, 지배, 쥐다, 쥠, 잡으려 하다, 자루, 이해하다, 이해, 달려들다, 손잡이, 이해력. impending: 절박한, 박두한, 금세 일어날 것 같은, 튀어나온. inch: 인치, 소량, 신장, 조금씩 움직이다, 키, 작은섬, 조금, 강우량 단위, 조금씩 움직이게 하다. mystery: 신비, 비결, 중세 종교극,

성체, 불가사의, 비밀, 추리 소설, 성사극, 비법, 성사, 신비적인 사건. powerhouse: 발전소. solve: 설명하다, 해결하다, 풀다. stammering: 말을 더듬는, 더듬으려 말하는. swift: 즉석의, 빠른, 칼새, 하기 쉬운, 빨리, 순식간의, 스위프트, 잽싸게, 동작이 빠른 사람, 동작이 빠른 것. wheeling: 윤전, 노면의 상태, 수레로 나르기, 자전거 타기.

160

The Jungle

But the man had seen that the boss was watching him; he started on again, pushing his truck. "I don't know anything about it," he said, over his shoulder. "How should I know where your wife goes?" Then Jurgis went out again and paced up and down before the building. All the morning he stayed there, with no thought of his work. About noon he went to the police station to make inquiries, and then came back again for another anxious vigil. Finally, toward the middle of the alternoon, he set out for home once more.% He was walking out Ashland Avenue. The streetcars had begun running again, and several passed him, packed to the steps with people. The sight of them set Jurgis to thinking again of the man's sarcastic remark; and half involuntarily he found himself watching the cars— with the result that he gave a sudden startled exclamation, and stopped short in his tracks. Then he broke into a run. For a whole block he tore after the car, only a little ways behind. That rusty black hat with the drooping red flower, it might not be Ona's, but there was very little likelihood of it. He would know for certain very soon, for she would get out two blocks ahead. He slowed down, and let the car go on. She got out: and as soon as she was out of sight on the side street Jurgis broke into a run. Suspicion was rife in him now, and he was not ashamed to shadow her: he saw her turn the corner near their home, and then he ran again, and saw her as she went up the porch steps of the house. After that he turned back, and for five minutes paced up and down, his hands clenched tightly and his lips set, his mind in a turmoil. Then he went home and entered. As he opened the door, he saw Elzbieta, who had also been looking for Ona, and had come home again. She was now on tiptoe, and had a finger on her lips. Jurgis waited until she was close to him. "Don't make any noise," she whispered, hurriedly.

Korean drooping: 눈을 내리깐, 늘어진, 풀이 죽은. exclamation: 감탄, 외침, 감탄사, 감탄부호, 절규. hat: 푹쉬다, 추기경의 빨간 모자, 모자. hurriedly: 매우 급히, 서둘러서. involuntarily: 저도 모르게, 부지불식간에, 마지못해, 본의 아니면서, 본의 아니게. likelihood: 있음직한 일, 가능성, 있을

수 있는 일. paced: 보의, 걸음이 ...인. packed: 만원의, 꽉 찬, 가 가득 채워진. pushing: 미는, 활동적인, 억지가 센, 진취적인, 고집 센. rife: 유행하는, 한창인, 수두룩한, 수없이 많은, 자자한, 충만한. rusty: 녹슨, 녹빛의, 녹병에 걸린, 무디어진, 구식의, 낡아빠진, 반항적인, 녹에서 생긴, 썩은 냄새가

나는, 완고한, 다루기 힘든. startled: 놀란. tiptoe: 발끝, 살그머니, 발끝으로, 열심히, 발끝으로 걷다, 살그머니 하는, 주의 깊은, 크게 기대하고 있는, 발끝으로 서 있는, 발끝으로 선, 발끝으로 걷는. turmoil: 혼란, 소동, 소란. vigil: 철야, 불면, 교회 축일의 전날, 밤샘, 불침번, 철야로 기도하는 밤, 축일 전날밤의 철야기도, 철야 기도.

Upton Sinclair

161

"What's the matter'?" he asked. "Ona is asleep," she panted. "She's been very ill. I'm afraid her mind's been wandering, Jurgis. She was lost on the street all night, and I've only just succeeded in getting her quiet." "When did she come in?" he asked.% "Soon after you left this morning," said Elzbieta. "And has she been out since?" "No, of course not. She's so weak, Jurgis, she—" And he set his teeth hard together. "You are lying to me," he said. Elzbieta started, and turned pale. "Why!" she gasped. "What do you mean?" But Jurgis did not answer. He pushed her aside, and strode to the bedroom door and opened it. Ona was sitting on the bed. She turned a startled look upon him as he entered. He closed the door in Elzbieta's face, and went toward his wife. "Where have you been?" he demanded. She had her hands clasped tightly in her lap, and he saw that her face was as white as paper, and drawn with pain. She gasped once or twice as she tried to answer him, and then began, speaking low, and swiftly. "Jurgis, I—I think I have been out of my mind. I started to come last night, and I could not find the way. I walked—I walked all night, I think, and—and I only got home—this morning." "You needed a rest," he said, in a hard tone. "Why did you go out again?" He was looking her fairly in the face, and he could read the sudden fear and wild uncertainty that leaped into her eyes. "I—I had to go to—to the store," she gasped, almost in a whisper, "I had to go—" "You are lying to me," said Jurgis. Then he clenched his hands and took a step toward her. "Why do you lie to me?" he cried, fiercely. "What are you doing that you have to lie to me?" "Jurgis!" she exclaimed, starting up in fright. "Oh, Jurgis, how can you?"

Korean afraid: 두려워하여, 근심하여, 걱정하여, 유감으로 생각하다, 염려하여, 싫어하여. aside: 떨어져서-방백, 옆에, 떼어서, 독백, 곁으로, 곁에, 방백, 별도로 하고, 생각하지 않고, 따로 두고. bedroom: 침실, 침실용의, 통근자가 사는. closed: 폐쇄한, 업무를 정지한, 폐쇄적인, 지붕이 있는, 자음으로 끝나는, 자급의, 닫은, 교통차단한,

비공개의, 배타적인, 금렵중인. fiercely: 맹렬하게, 지독하게, 사납게. lap: 무릎, 싸다, 핥다, 기르는 환경, 한바퀴 돌다, 아랫자락, 기꺼이 듣다, 접어겹치다, 한번감기, 처진 부분, 무릎부분. lying: 거짓말의, 거짓말쟁이의, 드러눕기, 거짓말하기, 거짓말하는, 드러누워 있는. pale: 창백한, 창백하게 하다, 엷게 하다, 어슴푸레한, 엷은, 경계,

창백해지다, 한계, 중앙의 세로줄 무늬, 어둠침침한, 약한. speaking: 말하기, 연설, 정치적 집회, 이야기 하기에 적합한, 담화, 이야기를 할 정도의, 생생한, 말하는, 말이라도 할 것 같은. starting: 출발, 개시. sudden: 돌연한, 갑작스런, 돌연. tone: 어조, 색조, 가락을 붙이다, 음질, 품격, 가락, 가락이 붙다, 강하게 하다, 호조, 논조, 조화시키다.

162

The Jungle

"You have lied to me, I say!" he cried. "You told me you had been to Jadvyga's house that other night, and you hadn't. You had been where you were last night—somewheres downtown, for I saw you get off the car. Where were you?" It was as if he had struck a knife into her. She seemed to go all to pieces. For half a second she stood, reeling and swaying, staring at him with horror in her eyes; then, with a cry of anguish, she tottered forward, stretching out her arms to him. But he stepped aside, deliberately, and let her fall. She caught herself at the side of the bed, and then sank down, burying her face in her hands and bursting into frantic weeping.% There came one of those hysterical crises that had so often dismayed him. Ona sobbed and wept, her fear and anguish building themselves up into long climaxes. Furious gusts of emotion would come sweeping over her, shaking her as the tempest shakes the trees upon the hills; all her frame would quiver and throb with them—it was as if some dreadful thing rose up within her and took possession of her, torturing her, tearing her. This thing had been wont to set Jurgis quite beside himself; but now he stood with his lips set tightly and his hands clenched—she might weep till she killed herself, but she should not move him this time—not an inch, not an inch. Because the sounds she made set his blood to running cold and his lips to quivering in spite of himself, he was glad of the diversion when Teta Elzbieta, pale with fright, opened the door and rushed in; yet he turned upon her with an oath. "Go out!" he cried, "go out!" And then, as she stood hesitating, about to speak, he seized her by the arm, and half flung her from the room, slamming the door and barring it with a table. Then he turned again and faced Ona, crying—"Now, answer me!" Yet she did not hear him—she was still in the grip of the fiend. Jurgis could see her outstretched hands, shaking and twitching, roaming here and there over the bed at will, like living things; he could see convulsive shudderings start in her body and run through her limbs. She was sobbing and choking—it was as if there were too many sounds for one throat, they came chasing each other, like waves upon the sea. Then her voice would begin to rise into screams, louder and

Korean barring: 이 없다면. burying: 매장, 묻음. convulsive: 경련성의, 발작적인, 경련을 일으킨 듯한, 격동적인. diversion: 견제, 전환, 기분 전환, 오락, 우회로, 양동 작전, 양동, 견제 작전, 기분. emotion: 감동, 정서, 감정. fiend: 악마, 악령, 잔인한사람, 마귀 같은 사람, 에 미친 사람. grip: 손잡이, 핸들, 핸드백, 잡기,

이해하다, 암호적인 악수, 쥐는 기계, sweeping: 청소, 일소하는, 일소, 소형 여행가방, 고착하다, 마음을 파죽지세, 전반에 걸친, 불어제침, 사로잡다, 불유쾌. 밀어내림, 먼지, 대대적인, 쓰레기, horror: 공포, 열등품, 소름끼치게하는, 소탕. 염오, 무서운것, 공포의 전율, 치가 tearing: 찢는, 괴로운, 냅다, 미친듯이, 떨리는 기분, 무서운 것, 참으로 사납게 날뛰는, 잡아뜯는, 맹렬이, 지독한 것. 쥐어 뜯는, 쥐어뜯는 듯한, 맹렬한, quiver: 떨림, 떨게 하다, 화살통, 진동, 맹렬히. 전통, 떨다, 전동, 흔들리다. tempest: 대소동, 사나운비바람, quivering: 진동하는, 떨고 있는, 폭풍우, 대폭풍우, 대폭설, 몹시 떨리는. 사나워지게 하다.

Upton Sinclair

163

louder until it broke in wild, horrible peals of laughter. Jurgis bore it until he could bear it no longer, and then he sprang at her, seizing her by the shoulders and shaking her, shouting into her ear: "Stop it, I say! Stop it!" She looked up at him, out of her agony; then she fell forward at his feet. She caught them in her hands, in spite of his efforts to step aside, and with her face upon the floor lay writhing. It made a choking in Jurgis' throat to hear her, and he cried again, more savagely than before: "Stop it, I say!" This time she heeded him, and caught her breath and lay silent, save for the gasping sobs that wrenched all her frame. For a long minute she lay there, perfectly motionless, until a cold fear seized her husband, thinking that she was dying. Suddenly, however, he heard her voice, faintly: "Jurgis! Jurgis!" "What is it?" he said.% He had to bend down to her, she was so weak. She was pleading with him, in broken phrases, painfully uttered: "Have faith in me! Believe me!" "Believe what?" he cried. "Believe that I—that I know best—that I love you! And do not ask me—what you did. Oh, Jurgis, please, please! It is for the best—it is—" He started to speak again, but she rushed on frantically, heading him off. "If you will only do it! If you will only—only believe me! It wasn't my fault—I couldn't help it—it will be all right—it is nothing—it is no harm. Oh, Jurgis— please, please!" She had hold of him, and was trying to raise herself to look at him; he could feel the palsied shaking of her hands and the heaving of the bosom she pressed against him. She managed to catch one of his hands and gripped it convulsively, drawing it to her face, and bathing it in her tears. "Oh, believe me, believe me!" she wailed again; and he shouted in fury, "I will not!" But still she clung to him, wailing aloud in her despair: "Oh, Jurgis, think what you are doing! It will ruin us—it will ruin us! Oh, no, you must not do it! No, don't, don't do it. You must not do it! It will drive me mad—it will kill me— no, no, Jurgis, I am crazy— it is nothing. You do not really need to know. We

Korean bathing: 수영, 멱감기수영복 차림의 미인, 목욕. bend: 구부리다, 굴복시키다, 굽히다, 굴곡, 주시하다-굽다, 결삭, 경향, 힘을 쏟다-굽이, 당기다, 기울이다, 굴복하다. bore: 구멍, 구멍을 뚫다, 싫증나게하다, 송곳구멍, 밀물, 총구멍, 해일, 뚫다, 구멍을 내다, 구멍이 나다, 따분한 것. bosom: 가슴, 껴안다, 내부, 마음속에

간직하다, 믿고 있는, 품, 흉부, 흉부슴속, 가슴속, 속, 표면. convulsively: 발작적으로. dying: 죽어가는, 임종, 임종의, 죽음, 꺼져가는, 사망, 죽을. faintly: 희미하게, 힘없이, 가냘프게, 소심하게, 어렴풋이, 연약하게, 머무적거리며. frantically: 극도로 흥분하여, 미친 듯이, 몹시, 미俗 굉장히. fury: 격노, 격렬, 표독한 여자,

표독한여자, 복수의 여신의 하나, 표독스러운 계집. heaving: 올림, 끌어올림, 들어올림. palsied: 떨리는, 중풍에 걸린, 중풍의. pleading: 변명, 변론, 변호, 탄원, 탄원하는. savagely: 야만적인, 잔인, 야만인, 사나운, 사납게, 몹시 화가 나서. seizing: 압류, 잡기, 동여맴, 동여매는 밧줄, 점유, 움켜짐, 꼭쥠, 빼앗음, 소유, 붙잡기.

164

The Jungle

can be happy— we can love each other just the same. Oh, please, please, believe me!" Her words fairly drove him wild. He tore his hands loose, and flung her off. "Answer me," he cried. "God damn it, I say—answer me!" She sank down upon the floor, beginning to cry again. It was like listening to the moan of a damned soul, and Jurgis could not stand it. He smote his fist upon the table by his side, and shouted again at her, "Answer me!" She began to scream aloud, her voice like the voice of some wild beast: "Ah! Ah! I can't! I can't do it!" "Why can't you do it?" he shouted.% "I don't know how!" He sprang and caught her by the arm, lifting her up, and glaring into her face. "Tell me where you were last night!" he panted. "Quick, out with it!" Then she began to whisper, one word at a time: "I—was in—a house— downtown—" "What house? What do you mean?" She tried to hide her eyes away, but he held her. "Miss Henderson's house," she gasped. He did not understand at first. "Miss Henderson's house," he echoed. And then suddenly, as in an explosion, the horrible truth burst over him, and he reeled and staggered back with a scream. He caught himself against the wall, and put his hand to his forehead, staring about him, and whispering, "Jesus! Jesus!" An instant later he leaped at her, as she lay groveling at his feet. He seized her by the throat. "Tell me!" he gasped, hoarsely. Quick! Who took you to that place?" She tried to get away, making him furious; he thought it was fear, of the pain of his clutch—he did not understand that it was the agony of her shame. Still she answered him, "Connor." "Connor," he gasped. "Who is Connor?"

Korean burst: 파열하다, 돌발, 별안간 나타나다, 터지다, 폭발, 충만하다, 찢다, 집중 사격, 파열시키다, 파열, 잡아 찢다. can't: 못 하다. damn: 저주하다, 빌어먹을, 파멸시키다, 비난하다, 제기랄, 지금도, 지금도-제기랄, 빌어 먹을, 빌어 먹을-조금, 욕을퍼붓다, 욕을 퍼붓다. damned: 저주받은, 지겨운, 지독히,

넌더리나는. drove: 몰려가는 가축 때, 떼지어 가는 무리, 굵은 정. fist: 필적, 주먹, 주먹으로 치다, 손, 손가락표, 손표, 손가락 표, 조종하다, 주먹으로 때리다, 파악. glaring: 눈부신, 번쩍번쩍 빛나는, 눈에 띄는, 명백한, 흘겨보는, 야한, 빤한, 현란한, 빤짝빤짝 빛나는, 쏘아보. groveling: 비굴한, 넓죽 엎드리는,

천박한. hoarsely: 목이 쉬어, 떠들석하게. listening: 청취, 청음, 경청, 귀를 기울임. loose: 풀다, 풀린, 쏘다, 엉성한, 총포를 쏘다, 포장이 나쁜, 헐렁헐렁한, 헐거워지다, 흐트러진, 낙낙한, 놓다. staring: 응시하는, 야한, 혼란한, 전혀, 노려보는. suddenly: 갑자기, 돌연히, 별안간.

Upton Sinclair

165

"The boss," she answered. "The man—" He tightened his grip, in his frenzy, and only when he saw her eyes closing did he realize that he was choking her. Then he relaxed his fingers, and crouched, waiting, until she opened her lids again. His breath beat hot into her face.% "Tell me," he whispered, at last, "tell me about it." She lay perfectly motionless, and he had to hold his breath to catch her words. "I did not want—to do it," she said; "I tried—I tried not to do it. I only did it—to save us. It was our only chance." Again, for a space, there was no sound but his panting. Ona's eyes closed and when she spoke again she did not open them. "He told me— he would have me turned off. He told me he would—we would all of us lose our places. We could never get anything to do—here—again. He—he meant it—he would have ruined us." Jurgis' arms were shaking so that he could scarcely hold himself up, and lurched forward now and then as he listened. "When—when did this begin?" he gasped. "At the very first," she said. She spoke as if in a trance. "It was all—it was their plot—Miss Henderson's plot. She hated me. And he—he wanted me. He used to speak to me—out on the platform. Then he began to—to make love to me. He offered me money. He begged me—he said he loved me. Then he threatened me. He knew all about us, he knew we would starve. He knew your boss—he knew Marija's. He would hound us to death, he said—then he said if I would—if I—we would all of us be sure of work—always. Then one day he caught hold of me—he would not let go—he—he—" "Where was this?" "In the hallway—at night—after every one had gone. I could not help it. I thought of you—of the baby—of mother and the children. I was afraid of him— afraid to cry out."

Korean beat: 치다, 속이다, 순찰, 휘젓다, 면하다-연거푸 치다, 지게 하다, 특종기사, 박자를 맞추다, 박자, 뛰다-계속해서 치기, 치는 소리. breath: 호흡, 숨, 순간, 선들거림, 생기, 향기, 한숨, 산들거림, 무성음, 무성, 은은한 향기. catch: 걸리다, 발견하다, 쥐다, 붙들다, 잡기, 손잡이, 붙들려고 하다, 사람을 속이는, 걸다, 얻고 싶은 것, 의 주의를 끌다.

hound: 사냥개, 열중하는 사람, 계획, 층계참, 연단, 대, 정강, 맹렬히 쫓다, 비열한자, 사냥개로 플랫폼의, 후보자의 정강. 사냥하다, 비열한 사나이, 개. relaxed: 긴장을 푼, 힘을 뺀, 무간한, lose: 실패하다, 지다, 잃다, 벗어나다, 딱딱하지 않은, 느긋한, 관대한, 패하다, 줄다, 정신 팔리다, 을 느슨한. 잃게하다, 손해보다, 늦어서 못타다, trance: 꿈결, 비몽 사몽, 황홀상태, 쇠하다. 실신, 황홀, 황홀하게 만들다. perfectly: 완전히, 더할 나위 없이, waiting: 기다리는 시간, 기다리는, 몹시, 굉장히, 더할 나위없이, 매우, 기다림, 시중듦, 시중드는, 시중들기, 이상적으로, 완전하게, 아주. 대기 시간. platform: 강령, 플랫폼, 단, 교단,

166

The Jungle

A moment ago her face had been ashen gray, now it was scarlet. She was beginning to breathe hard again. Jurgis made not a sound.% "That was two months ago. Then he wanted me to come—to that house. He wanted me to stay there. He said all of us—that we would not have to work. He made me come there—in the evenings. I told you— you thought I was at the factory. Then—one night it snowed, and I couldn't get back. And last night—the cars were stopped. It was such a little thing—to ruin us all. I tried to walk, but I couldn't. I didn't want you to know. It would have—it would have been all right. We could have gone on—just the same—you need never have known about it. He was getting tired of me—he would have let me alone soon. I am going to have a baby—I am getting ugly. He told me that—twice, he told me, last night. He kicked me—last night—too. And now you will kill him—you— you will kill him—and we shall die." All this she had said without a quiver; she lay still as death, not an eyelid moving. And Jurgis, too, said not a word. He lifted himself by the bed, and stood up. He did not stop for another glance at her, but went to the door and opened it. He did not see Elzbieta, crouching terrified in the corner. He went out, hatless, leaving the street door open behind him. The instant his feet were on the sidewalk he broke into a run. He ran like one possessed, blindly, furiously, looking neither to the right nor left. He was on Ashland Avenue before exhaustion compelled him to slow down, and then, noticing a car, he made a dart for it and drew himself aboard. His eyes were wild and his hair flying, and he was breathing hoarsely, like a wounded bull; but the people on the car did not notice this particularly— perhaps it seemed natural to them that a man who smelled as Jurgis smelled should exhibit an aspect to correspond. They began to give way before him as usual. The conductor took his nickel gingerly, with the tips of his fingers, and then left him with the platform to himself. Jurgis did not even notice it—his thoughts were far away. Within his soul it was like a roaring furnace; he stood waiting, waiting, crouching as if for a spring.

Korean aboard: 차내에, 배 안에, 뱃전에, 동안, 숨을 불어넣음, 호흡법. 탑승하고, 베이스에 나가서, 배에, bull: 황소, 수컷, 큰, 센, 경관, 교서, 배로. 쓸데없는소리, 사는편, 사는 쪽, alone: 혼자, 단지, 홀로, 자기 혼자서, 황소자리, 쓸데없는 소리. 고독한, 단독으로. dart: 던지는 창, 돌진하다, 발사하다, ashen: 재의, 창백한, 회색의, 표창, 던지다, 침, 침-던지다, 양물푸레나무, 물푸레나무같은, 날아가다, 곤충 등의 침, 다트, 던지는 물푸레나무의. 살. blindly: 맹목적으로, 무턱대고. exhibit: 출품하다, 제시하다, breathing: 호흡, 동경, 발성, 열망, 나타내다, 투약하다, 출품물, 휴식, 미풍, 부동, 숨쉬는, 숨쉬는 공개하다, 진열하다, 증거물, 전시,

보이다, 투약하다-전시. eyelid: 눈꺼풀, 눈두덩. furnace: 용광로, 시련, 화덕, 몹시 더운 곳, 작열하는곳, 작열하는 곳, 어려운 시련의 장소, 난방로, 노, 아궁이. gingerly: 주의 깊은, 매우 조심스러운, 매우 조심스럽게. hatless: 모자 없는, 모자를 안 쓴. nickel: 니켈 도금하다, 니켈, 백동화, 니켈의, 니켈을 함유한.

Upton Sinclair

167

He had some of his breath back when the car came to the entrance of the yards, and so he leaped off and started again, racing at full speed. People turned and stared at him, but he saw no one—there was the factory, and he bounded through the doorway and down the corridor. He knew the room where Ona worked, and he knew Connor, the boss of the loading-gang outside. He looked for the man as he sprang into the room.% The truckmen were hard at work, loading the freshly packed boxes and barrels upon the cars. Jurgis shot one swift glance up and down the platform— the man was not on it. But then suddenly he heard a voice in the corridor, and started for it with a bound. In an instant more he fronted the boss. He was a big, red-faced Irishman, coarse-featured, and smelling of liquor. He saw Jurgis as he crossed the threshold, and turned white. He hesitated one second, as if meaning to run; and in the next his assailant was upon him. He put up his hands to protect his face, but Jurgis, lunging with all the power of his arm and body, struck him fairly between the eyes and knocked him backward. The next moment he was on top of him, burying his fingers in his throat. To Jurgis this man's whole presence reeked of the crime he had committed; the touch of his body was madness to him—it set every nerve of him atremble, it aroused all the demon in his soul. It had worked its will upon Ona, this great beast—and now he had it, he had it! It was his turn now! Things swam blood before him, and he screamed aloud in his fury, lifting his victim and smashing his head upon the floor. The place, of course, was in an uproar; women fainting and shrieking, and men rushing in. Jurgis was so bent upon his task that he knew nothing of this, and scarcely realized that people were trying to interfere with him; it was only when half a dozen men had seized him by the legs and shoulders and were pulling at him, that he understood that he was losing his prey. In a flash he had bent down and sunk his teeth into the man's cheek; and when they tore him away he was dripping with blood, and little ribbons of skin were hanging in his mouth.

Korean assailant: 공격자, 공격의, 공격하는. backward: 거꾸로의, 싫어하는, 뒤로의, 개약의, 뒤로, 개악의, 거꾸로, 발전이 늦은, 후방의, 후방으로, 퇴보하여. bent: 굽은, 초원, 황야, 마음을 기울인, 열심인, 경향, 허리가 굽은, 성벽, 겨이삭속 또는 그와 비슷한 포아풀과의 잡초, 그 줄기, 기호. cheek: 건방진 말, 볼, 뺨, 궁둥이, 측면, 에게 건방지게 말하다,

건방지게 굴다, 뻔뻔스러움, 철면피, 건방진 행위, 건방진 태도. dripping: 흠뻑 젖은, 적하, 적하 듣는 것, 물방울 똑똑 떨어지는, 뚝뚝 떨어짐, 들음. entrance: 입학, 들어감, 입구, 입장, 등장, 입학금, 대문, 입장권, 넋을 잃게 하다. interfere: 간섭하다, 방해하다, 충돌하다, 조정하다, 해치다, 참견하다, 중재하다, 대립하다,

손상하다, 훼방하다, 발벗고 나서다. loading: 짐싣기, 선적, 짐싣기의. madness: 광기, 열광, 광희, 정신 착란. prey: 괴롭히다, 먹이, 밥, 희생, 해하다, 포식, 약탈품, 잡아먹다, 약탈품- 먹이로 하다, 약탈하다, 먹이로 하다. ribbons: 고삐. smashing: 맹렬한, 굉장한, 분쇄하는. threshold: 문지방, 역, 문간, 시초, 입구, 출발점, 발단, 역역.

168

The Jungle

They got him down upon the floor, clinging to him by his arms and legs, and still they could hardly hold him. He fought like a tiger, writhing and twisting, half flinging them off, and starting toward his unconscious enemy. But yet others rushed in, until there was a little mountain of twisted limbs and bodies, heaving and tossing, and working its way about the room. In the end, by their sheer weight, they choked the breath out of him, and then they carried him to the company police station, where he lay still until they had summoned a patrol wagon to take him away.%

Korean carried: 운반된, 넋을 잃은, 황홀해진, mountain: 산, 산더미 같은, unconscious: 무의식의, 깨닫지 황홀한, 제 정신을 잃은. 산더미처럼 큰 것, 산악당, 못하는, 모르는 무의식, 의식을 갖지 choked: 메인, 숨막히는, 진저리난, 프랑스사의 산악당. 않은, 자기도 모르게 나온, 정신을 막힌. patrol: 순시, 순회, 정찰대, 순시인, 잃은, 자각을 갖지 않은, 무의식, hardly: 간신히, 애써서, 고생하여, 소년단의 반, 순찰, 순시하다, 의식을 잃은, 모르는, 지각을 갖지 가혹하게, 엄하게, 하기가 무섭게, 순찰하다, 을 순시하다, 을 순찰하다, 않은. 겨우, 아마 ...아니다, 거의...않다, 정찰병. weight: 무게, 가중치, 중량, 압박, 심하게. tiger: 범, 호랑이, 강적, 포악한 사람, 무겁게하다, 무거운 짐을 지우다, lay: 놓다, 위치, 직업, 일, 지형, 노래, 최저의 수, 호랑이 잔인한 남자, 무거운 짐, 무거운 물건, 괴롭히다, 속인의, 꼬인자리, 고정시키다, 호랑이 같은 남자, 호랑이 사나운 중요성, 무게를 가하다. 과하다, 넘어뜨리다. 남자, 만세 삼창 후에 붙이는.

Upton Sinclair

169

CHAPTER 16

When%Jurgis got up again he went quietly enough. He was exhausted and half-dazed, and besides he saw the blue uniforms of the policemen. He drove in a patrol wagon with half a dozen of them watching him; keeping as far away as possible, however, on account of the fertilizer. Then he stood before the sergeant's desk and gave his name and address, and saw a charge of assault and battery entered against him. On his way to his cell a burly policeman cursed him because he started down the wrong corridor, and then added a kick when he was not quick enough; nevertheless, Jurgis did not even lift his eyes—he had lived two years and a half in Packingtown, and he knew what the police were. It was as much as a man's very life was worth to anger them, here in their inmost lair; like as not a dozen would pile on to him at once, and pound his face into a pulp. It would be nothing unusual if he got his skull cracked in the melee—in which case they would report that he had been drunk and had fallen down, and there would be no one to know the difference or to care. So a barred door clanged upon Jurgis and he sat down upon a bench and buried his face in his hands. He was alone; he had the afternoon and all of the night to himself. At first he was like a wild beast that has glutted itself; he was in a dull stupor of satisfaction. He had done up the scoundrel pretty well—not as well as he would have if they had given him a minute more, but pretty well, all the same;

Korean anger: 화, 성, 노염, 노여움, 분노, 성나게 하다. barred: 모래톱이 있는, 빗장이 있는, 줄 있는, 줄무늬가 있는, 가두어 버린, 빗장이 달린, 줄이 있는. battery: 한 벌의 기구, 전지, 포열, 구타, 때림, 배터리, 종합테스트, 타악기군, 포병 중대, 한 벌의 장치, 일련. bench: 판사석, 벤치, 지위에 앉히다, 퇴장시키다, 진열대, 착석시키다,

온실 안의 묘상에 심다, 계단, 밑으로부터 파다, 작업대, 묘상. cell: 구멍, 세포, 전지, 무덤, 작은 방, 독방, 작은 공동, 가스통, 비트의 기억소자, 전해조, 오두막집. desk: 편집부, 책상, 서랍, 사무. inmost: 맨 안쪽의, 가장 깊은, 마음 깊은곳의, 깊이 간직한, 마음 깊이 간직한, 내심의, 가장 깊숙한 곳의, 가장 깊은속의. lair: 숨는 장소, 쉬는 장소, 야수의 굴,

침상, 굴, 야생 짐승의 굴. pile: 전퇴, 솜털, 양털, 말뚝 박기, 큰 말뚝, 대건축물, 보풀, 재산, 축적하다, 전지, 원자로-쌓아 올리다. pulp: 과육, 펄프, 저속한 잡싸구려 책시, 책, 치수, 펄프로 만들다, 펄프가 되다, 걸쭉하게 하다, 펄프같이 되다, 부드러운 과육, 싸구려 잡지. scoundrel: 악당, 깡패, 건달의. stupor: 무감각, 혼수, 망연.

170

The Jungle

the ends of his fingers were still tingling from their contact with the fellow's throat. But then, little by little, as his strength came back and his senses cleared, he began to see beyond his momentary gratification; that he had nearly killed the boss would not help Ona—not the horrors that she had borne, nor the memory that would haunt her all her days. It would not help to feed her and her child; she would certainly lose her place, while he—what was to happen to him God only knew.% Half the night he paced the floor, wrestling with this nightmare; and when he was exhausted he lay down, trying to sleep, but finding instead, for the first time in his life, that his brain was too much for him. In the cell next to him was a drunken wife-beater and in the one beyond a yelling maniac. At midnight they opened the station house to the homeless wanderers who were crowded about the door, shivering in the winter blast, and they thronged into the corridor outside of the cells. Some of them stretched themselves out on the bare stone floor and fell to snoring, others sat up, laughing and talking, cursing and quarreling. The air was fetid with their breath, yet in spite of this some of them smelled Jurgis and called down the torments of hell upon him, while he lay in a far corner of his cell, counting the throbbings of the blood in his forehead. They had brought him his supper, which was "duffers and dope"—being hunks of dry bread on a tin plate, and coffee, called "dope" because it was drugged to keep the prisoners quiet. Jurgis had not known this, or he would have swallowed the stuff in desperation; as it was, every nerve of him was aquiver with shame and rage. Toward morning the place fell silent, and he got up and began to pace his cell; and then within the soul of him there rose up a fiend, red-eyed and cruel, and tore out the strings of his heart. It was not for himself that he suffered—what did a man who worked in Durham's fertilizer mill care about anything that the world might do to him! What was any tyranny of prison compared with the tyranny of the past, of the thing that had happened and could not be recalled, of the memory that could never be effaced! The horror of it drove him mad; he stretched out his arms to heaven, crying out for deliverance from it—and there was no deliverance, there

Korean bare: 닳아빠진, 노골적인, 결핍된, 것, 만족, 만족시키기 것, 만족시키는 써서 낡은, 알몸의, 부족한, 노출된, 것. 이 없는, 장식없는, 벗기다, 드러낸. haunt: 소굴, 출몰하다, 나오다, borne: 시야가 좁은, 마음이 좁은. 자주가다, 마음에 붙어 다니다, brain: 두뇌, 뇌, 지력, 지적인 사람, 자주가는 장소, 에 자주 가다, 두뇌부, 지적 지도자. 나타나다, 끊임없이 출입하는 장소, counting: 집계, 개표, 계산, 계산의. 자주 나타나다. drugged: 약을 먹이는, 에 약을 타는, hunks: 구두쇠, 노랑이, 심술쟁이. 특히 마취제를 먹이는, 싫증나게 mad: 미친, 무모한, 열중한, 들떠서 하는, 마약을 상용하는. 흥청거리는, 공수병에 걸린, 미친 것 gratification: 보수, 기쁨, 만족 시키는 같은, 성난, 열광한, 분노.

maniac: 미친, 미친 사람, 미치광이, 미친 광이, 광란의. red-eyed: 눈이 빨간, 빨간 눈의. tin: 주석, 양철, 주석을 입히다, 주석 그릇, 양철 깡통, 주석으로 만든, 통조림하다, 돈, 경찰관의 배지, 경찰관, 한 깡통. tyranny: 포학한 행위, 전제 정치, 포학, 폭정, 참주정치, 학대, 참주 정치, 무도한 행위. wrestling: 레슬링, 씨름.

Upton Sinclair

171

was no power even in heaven that could undo the past. It was a ghost that would not drown; it followed him, it seized upon him and beat him to the ground. Ah, if only he could have foreseen it—but then, he would have foreseen it, if he had not been a fool! He smote his hands upon his forehead, cursing himself because he had ever allowed Ona to work where she had, because he had not stood between her and a fate which every one knew to be so common. He should have taken her away, even if it were to lie down and die of starvation in the gutters of Chicago's streets! And now—oh, it could not be true; it was too monstrous, too horrible.% It was a thing that could not be faced; a new shuddering seized him every time he tried to think of it. No, there was no bearing the load of it, there was no living under it. There would be none for her—he knew that he might pardon her, might plead with her on his knees, but she would never look him in the face again, she would never be his wife again. The shame of it would kill her—there could be no other deliverance, and it was best that she should die. This was simple and clear, and yet, with cruel inconsistency, whenever he escaped from this nightmare it was to suffer and cry out at the vision of Ona starving. They had put him in jail, and they would keep him here a long time, years maybe. And Ona would surely not go to work again, broken and crushed as she was. And Elzbieta and Marija, too, might lose their places—if that hell fiend Connor chose to set to work to ruin them, they would all be turned out. And even if he did not, they could not live—even if the boys left school again, they could surely not pay all the bills without him and Ona. They had only a few dollars now—they had just paid the rent of the house a week ago, and that after it was two weeks overdue. So it would be due again in a week! They would have no money to pay it then—and they would lose the house, after all their long, heartbreaking struggle. Three times now the agent had warned him that he would not tolerate another delay. Perhaps it was very base of Jurgis to be thinking about the house when he had the other unspeakable thing to fill his mind; yet, how much he had suffered for this house, how much they had all of them suffered! It was their one hope of respite, as long as they lived; they had

Korean ah: 아아, 아이고. delay: 유예, 지연, 늦게하다, 지연시키다, 지체하다, 연기하다늦어지다, 연기하다, 늦어지다, 지체하다-지연, 지연 기간, 우물쭈물하다. drown: 잊어버리다, 달래다, 물에 빠지다, 물에빠뜨리다, 들리지않게하다, 물에 빠뜨리다, 흠뻑젖게하다, 흠뻑 젖게하다, 물에빠지다, 들리지 않게하다, 잊게

하다. rent: 지대, 임대되다, 분열, 집세, ghost: 유령, 환영, 망령, 영적인, 불화, 임차료, 협곡, 균열, 방세, 에 유령의, 환상, 근소한 가능성, 혼, 을 지대를 물다, 임대. 따라 다니다, -을 따라 다니다, tolerate: 참다, 견디다, 관대히 다루다, 대작하다. 묵인하다, 내성이 있다, 관대하게 inconsistency: 불일치, 모순, 무정견, 다루다. 모순된사물, 주견없은. undo: 풀다 끄르다, 원 상태로 돌리다, pardon: 용서, 특사, 은사, 용서하다, 실행 취소, 끄르다, 원상태로 돌리다, 사면, 사면하다, 면죄부, 교황의 면죄, 타락시키다, 영락시키다, 여자의 눈감아 주다, 용서하다 용서, 교황의 정조를 빼앗다, 풀리다, 동요시키다, 사죄. 혼란시키다.

172

The Jungle

put all their money into it—and they were working people, poor people, whose money was their strength, the very substance of them, body and soul, the thing by which they lived and for lack of which they died.% And they would lose it all; they would be turned out into the streets, and have to hide in some icy garret, and live or die as best they could! Jurgis had all the night—and all of many more nights—to think about this, and he saw the thing in its details; he lived it all, as if he were there. They would sell their furniture, and then run into debt at the stores, and then be refused credit; they would borrow a little from the Szedvilases, whose delicatessen store was tottering on the brink of ruin; the neighbors would come and help them a little— poor, sick Jadvyga would bring a few spare pennies, as she always did when people were starving, and Tamoszius Kuszleika would bring them the proceeds of a night's fiddling. So they would struggle to hang on until he got out of jail— or would they know that he was in jail, would they be able to find out anything about him? Would they be allowed to see him—or was it to be part of his punishment to be kept in ignorance about their fate? His mind would hang upon the worst possibilities; he saw Ona ill and tortured, Marija out of her place, little Stanislovas unable to get to work for the snow, the whole family turned out on the street. God Almighty! would they actually let them lie down in the street and die? Would there be no help even then—would they wander about in the snow till they froze? Jurgis had never seen any dead bodies in the streets, but he had seen people evicted and disappear, no one knew where; and though the city had a relief bureau, though there was a charity organization society in the stockyards district, in all his life there he had never heard of either of them. They did not advertise their activities, having more calls than they could attend to without that. —So on until morning. Then he had another ride in the patrol wagon, along with the drunken wife-beater and the maniac, several "plain drunks" and "saloon fighters," a burglar, and two men who had been arrested for stealing meat from the packing houses. Along with them he was driven into a large, white-walled

Korean advertise: 광고하다, 공고하다, 광고 하여 구하다, 공시 하다, 자가 선전을 하다, 통지하다. borrow: 차용하다, 빌다, 꾸어오다, 바람을 참작하여 치다, 언덕을 참작하여 치다, 차입하다, 에서 빌다, 무단 차용하다. bureau: 국, 부, 사무소, 양소매책상, 경대붙은옷장, 서랍 달린 큰 책상, 침실용 장롱, 편집국, 사무국, 관청의 국, 개폐식의 서랍 달린 큰 책상.

burglar: 밤도둑, 강도, 빈집털이, 토하다, 병자의, 싫증이 나서. 사기꾼, 주거 침입 강도. stealing: 훔침, 도루, 훔친물건. disappear: 소실하다, 소멸하다, 안 substance: 실체, 물질, 실질, 요지, 보이게 되다, 사라지다. 재산, 물건, 본질, 사실상, furniture: 가구, 비품, 내용, 부속 실질적으로, 자산, 거의 대부분. 쇠붙이, 갖추어진것. wander: 헤매다, 옆길로 벗어나다, proceeds: 수입, 수익, 매상고, 과실, 헛소리하다, 오락가락하다, 두서없이 결과. 되다, 길을 잘못 들다, 걸어 sick: 창백한, 병의, 병자용의, 돌아다니다, 꾸불꾸불 흐르다, 욕지기가 나는, 그리워하는, 넌더리 꾸불꾸불 이어지다, 종잡을 수 없게 나는, 상태가 좋지 않은, 싫증이 나는, 되다, 거닐다.

Upton Sinclair

173

room, stale-smelling and crowded. In front, upon a raised platform behind a rail, sat a stout, florid-faced personage, with a nose broken out in purple blotches.% Our friend realized vaguely that he was about to be tried. He wondered what for—whether or not his victim might be dead, and if so, what they would do with him. Hang him, perhaps, or beat him to death— nothing would have surprised Jurgis, who knew little of the laws. Yet he had picked up gossip enough to have it occur to him that the loud-voiced man upon the bench might be the notorious Justice Callahan, about whom the people of Packingtown spoke with bated breath. "Pat" Callahan—"Growler" Pat, as he had been known before he ascended the bench—had begun life as a butcher boy and a bruiser of local reputation; he had gone into politics almost as soon as he had learned to talk, and had held two offices at once before he was old enough to vote. If Scully was the thumb, Pat Callahan was the first finger of the unseen hand whereby the packers held down the people of the district. No politician in Chicago ranked higher in their confidence; he had been at it a long time—had been the business agent in the city council of old Durham, the self-made merchant, way back in the early days, when the whole city of Chicago had been up at auction. "Growler" Pat had given up holding city offices very early in his career—caring only for party power, and giving the rest of his time to superintending his dives and brothels. Of late years, however, since his children were growing up, he had begun to value respectability, and had had himself made a magistrate; a position for which he was admirably fitted, because of his strong conservatism and his contempt for "foreigners." Jurgis sat gazing about the room for an hour or two; he was in hopes that some one of the family would come, but in this he was disappointed. Finally, he was led before the bar, and a lawyer for the company appeared against him. Connor was under the doctor's care, the lawyer explained briefly, and if his Honor would hold the prisoner for a week—"Three hundred dollars," said his Honor, promptly.

Korean admirably: 훌륭히. auction: 경매하다, 경매, 경매에 부치다. bated: 곤봉으로 치는. briefly: 간결하게, 짧게, 간단히. bruiser: 권투가, 난폭자, 권투 선수, 프로 권투 선수. conservatism: 보수주의, 줄잡아, 수수한, 줄잡은, 보존물, 보수적인 사람, 보수적인, 방부제, 영국 보수당의, 낡은 것을 고수하는 사람,

고루한. contempt: 치욕, 경멸, 모욕, 멸시, 모멸, 수치, 업신여김, 창피, 모욕죄. disappointed: 실망한. dives: 부자. magistrate: 치안 판사, 행정 장관, 사법권이 있는 행정장관, 치안판사, 행정장관. notorious: 유명한, 이름난악명높은, 악명높은, 사람 따위 유명한, 행동 따위 유명한, 주지의, 장소 따위

유명한. politician: 정치가, 행정관, 정객. promptly: 재빨리, 즉시, 즉석에, 정각에, 정확하게, 신속하게. respectability: 명사들, 신분이 높은 사람들, 체면, 훌륭한 태도, 존경할 만함, 남부끄럽지 않음, 체통, 존경할 만 함, 점잖은분, 인습적인 예의, 인습적 의례. vaguely: 모호하게, 막연히, 막연하게, 건성으로, 멍청하게.

174

The Jungle

Jurgis was staring from the judge to the lawyer in perplexity. "Have you any one to go on your bond?" demanded the judge, and then a clerk who stood at Jurgis' elbow explained to him what this meant. The latter shook his head, and before he realized what had happened the policemen were leading him away again. They took him to a room where other prisoners were waiting and here he stayed until court adjourned, when he had another long and bitterly cold ride in a patrol wagon to the county jail, which is on the north side of the city, and nine or ten miles from the stockyards.% Here they searched Jurgis, leaving him only his money, which consisted of fifteen cents. Then they led him to a room and told him to strip for a bath; after which he had to walk down a long gallery, past the grated cell doors of the inmates of the jail. This was a great event to the latter—the daily review of the new arrivals, all stark naked, and many and diverting were the comments. Jurgis was required to stay in the bath longer than any one, in the vain hope of getting out of him a few of his phosphates and acids. The prisoners roomed two in a cell, but that day there was one left over, and he was the one. The cells were in tiers, opening upon galleries. His cell was about five feet by seven in size, with a stone floor and a heavy wooden bench built into it. There was no window—the only light came from windows near the roof at one end of the court outside. There were two bunks, one above the other, each with a straw mattress and a pair of gray blankets—the latter stiff as boards with filth, and alive with fleas, bedbugs, and lice. When Jurgis lifted up the mattress he discovered beneath it a layer of scurrying roaches, almost as badly frightened as himself. Here they brought him more "duffers and dope," with the addition of a bowl of soup. Many of the prisoners had their meals brought in from a restaurant, but Jurgis had no money for that. Some had books to read and cards to play, with candles to burn by night, but Jurgis was all alone in darkness and silence. He could not sleep again; there was the same maddening procession of thoughts that lashed him like whips upon his naked back. When night fell he was pacing up and down his cell like a wild beast that breaks its teeth upon the bars of its

Korean bitterly: 쓰게, 격심하게, 비참하게, 몹시, 살을 에듯이, 통렬히. burn: 개울, 태우다, 열중하다, 산화시키다, 화끈거리다, 그슬리다, 흥분하다, 시내, 소작하다, 불에데다, 내리 쬐다. diverting: 기분 전환이 되는, 재미있는, 즐거운, 심심풀이의, 재미나는. grated: 일반용의. lashed: 속눈썹이 있는, 속눈썹이 ...한.

procession: 행렬, 행진, 순위에 변화가 높이다. 없는 재미 없는 경주, 행진하다, stark: 강한, 순전한, 뻣뻣해져서, 행령을 지어 나아가다, 행렬을 지어 뻣뻣해진, 순전히, 진짜의, 굳어버린, 나아가다, 행렬의 행진. 뚜렷한, 엄격한, 자연 그대로의, 전연. restaurant: 레스토랑, 식당, 음식점, straw: 짚, 밀짚, 가짜의, 하찮은, 요리점, 요릿집. 하찮은 물건, 짚한 오라기, 짚으로 roomed: 의 방이 있는. 만든, 스트로, 밀짚모자, 하찮은 것, soup: 수프, 마력, 짙은 안개, 속력을 짚으로 만든 것. 늘리다, 에 활기를 주다, 마력을 wooden: 나무의, 얼빠진, 나무로 만든, 늘리다, 니트로글리세린, 마력을 무뚝뚝한, 멍청한, 활기 없는, 융통성 높이다, 더 활기를 띠게 하다, 성능을 없는.

Upton Sinclair

175

cage. Now and then in his frenzy he would fling himself against the walls of the place, beating his hands upon them. They cut him and bruised him—they were cold and merciless as the men who had built them.% In the distance there was a church-tower bell that tolled the hours one by one. When it came to midnight Jurgis was lying upon the floor with his head in his arms, listening. Instead of falling silent at the end, the bell broke into a sudden clangor. Jurgis raised his head; what could that mean—a fire? God! Suppose there were to be a fire in this jail! But then he made out a melody in the ringing; there were chimes. And they seemed to waken the city—all around, far and near, there were bells, ringing wild music; for fully a minute Jurgis lay lost in wonder, before, all at once, the meaning of it broke over him—that this was Christmas Eve! Christmas Eve—he had forgotten it entirely! There was a breaking of floodgates, a whirl of new memories and new griefs rushing into his mind. In far Lithuania they had celebrated Christmas; and it came to him as if it had been yesterday—himself a little child, with his lost brother and his dead father in the cabin—in the deep black forest, where the snow fell all day and all night and buried them from the world. It was too far off for Santa Claus in Lithuania, but it was not too far for peace and good will to men, for the wonder-bearing vision of the Christ Child. And even in Packingtown they had not forgotten it—some gleam of it had never failed to break their darkness. Last Christmas Eve and all Christmas Day Jurgis had toiled on the killing beds, and Ona at wrapping hams, and still they had found strength enough to take the children for a walk upon the avenue, to see the store windows all decorated with Christmas trees and ablaze with electric lights. In one window there would be live geese, in another marvels in sugar—pink and white canes big enough for ogres, and cakes with cherubs upon them; in a third there would be rows of fat yellow turkeys, decorated with rosettes, and rabbits and squirrels hanging; in a fourth would be a fairyland of toys—lovely dolls with pink dresses, and woolly sheep and drums and soldier hats. Nor did they have to go without their share of all this, either. The last time they had had a big basket with them and all their Christmas marketing to do—a

Korean ablaze: 격하여, 불타올라, 빛나서, 흥분하여, 불타는, 불타올라서, 흥분한, 밝게 빛나는. basket: 바구니, 광주리, 네트, 한 바구니, 바구니 모양의 것, 바스켓, 바구니에 넣다. cage: 새장, 우리, 포로 수용소, 새장에 넣다, 새장 비슷한 것, 바스켓, 골, 포수 마스크, 포가, 운전실, 가두다. clangor: 뗑뗑, 짤랑짤랑, 쾅쾅 울리는 소리, 뗑그렁하고 울리다.

decorated: 장식식의, 훈장을 받은, 훌륭하게 꾸민, 장식된. fairyland: 요정의 나라, 선경, 요정의나라, 도원경, 더할 나위 없이 아름다운 곳, 신기한 세계, 동화의 나라. geese: 재봉사의 대형 다리미, 야유, 구즈, 거위, 바보. melody: 해조, 선율, 아름다운 곡조, 곡, 가곡, 멜로디. ringing: 울리는, 울려퍼지는, 울림,

공명, 이명. whirl: 혼란, 선회, 소용돌이, 현기증나다, 빙빙 돌리다, 빙빙돌다, 잇따라 일어나는 일, 질주하다, 차로 신속히 운반한다, 현기증이 나다, 회전. woolly: 희미한 모직의 옷, 양털의, 뭉게뭉게 피어오른, 양털 같은, 양모의, 알아들을 수 없는, 솜털이 있는, 모직 내의, 거칠고 활기 있는, 모직 의류.

176

The Jungle

roast of pork and a cabbage and some rye bread, and a pair of mittens for Ona, and a rubber doll that squeaked, and a little green cornucopia full of candy to be hung from the gas jet and gazed at by half a dozen pairs of longing eyes.% Even half a year of the sausage machines and the fertilizer mill had not been able to kill the thought of Christmas in them; there was a choking in Jurgis' throat as he recalled that the very night Ona had not come home Teta Elzbieta had taken him aside and shown him an old valentine that she had picked up in a paper store for three cents—dingy and shopworn, but with bright colors, and figures of angels and doves. She had wiped all the specks off this, and was going to set it on the mantel, where the children could see it. Great sobs shook Jurgis at this memory—they would spend their Christmas in misery and despair, with him in prison and Ona ill and their home in desolation. Ah, it was too cruel! Why at least had they not left him alone—why, after they had shut him in jail, must they be ringing Christmas chimes in his ears! But no, their bells were not ringing for him—their Christmas was not meant for him, they were simply not counting him at all. He was of no consequence— he was flung aside, like a bit of trash, the carcass of some animal. It was horrible, horrible! His wife might be dying, his baby might be starving, his whole family might be perishing in the cold—and all the while they were ringing their Christmas chimes! And the bitter mockery of it—all this was punishment for him! They put him in a place where the snow could not beat in, where the cold could not eat through his bones; they brought him food and drink—why, in the name of heaven, if they must punish him, did they not put his family in jail and leave him outside—why could they find no better way to punish him than to leave three weak women and six helpless children to starve and freeze? That was their law, that was their justice! Jurgis stood upright; trembling with passion, his hands clenched and his arms upraised, his whole soul ablaze with hatred and defiance. Ten thousand curses upon them and their law! Their justice—it was a lie, it was a lie, a hideous, brutal lie, a thing too black and hateful for any world but a world of nightmares. It was a sham and a loathsome mockery. There was no justice,

Korean cornucopia: 풍부, 그런 모양의 장식, 원뿔꼴 종이 봉지, 풍요의 뿔, 뿔모양의 그릇, 풍요의뿔. desolation: 쓸쓸함, 황폐, 황량, 서글픔, 페허, 폐허, 서글품, 황폐케함. hateful: 미운, 싫은, 증오에 찬, 지긋지긋한, 가증스런, 가증스러운, 미워할만한. hideous: 오싹해지는, 끔찍한, 무서운, 섬뜩한, 보기만 해도 무서운.

loathsome: 지긋지긋한, 구역질 나는, 기분 나쁜, 육체적으로 기분 나쁜, 싫는, 싫어서 견딜 수 없는. mittens: 권투용 글러브. mockery: 조롱, 조소의 대상, 헛수고, 흉내, 놀림, 가짜. nightmares: 악몽. perishing: 몹시, 지독하게, 추위 따위 혹독한, 죽는. rye: 호밀, 호밀 흑빵, 호밀 위스키, 호밀의, 라이 위스키.

sham: 가짜, 속임, 을 가장하다, 협작꾼, 군사 연습, 하는 체하다, 모조의, 짐짓, 가짜의, 허풍선이, 허위의. shopworn: 오랫동안 내놓아 찌든. trash: 쓰레기, 객담, 잡동사니, 폐물, 나부랑이, 부랑자, 쓰레기를 치우다, 허튼소리, 시시한 작품. valentine: 그날에 택한 연인, 남자 이름, 성발렌타인, 성발렌타인의, 애인.

Upton Sinclair

177

%

there was no right, anywhere in it—it was only force, it was tyranny, the will and the power, reckless and unrestrained! They had ground him beneath their heel, they had devoured all his substance; they had murdered his old father, they had broken and wrecked his wife, they had crushed and cowed his whole family; and now they were through with him, they had no further use for him—and because he had interfered with them, had gotten in their way, this was what they had done to him! They had put him behind bars, as if he had been a wild beast, a thing without sense or reason, without rights, without affections, without feelings. Nay, they would not even have treated a beast as they had treated him! Would any man in his senses have trapped a wild thing in its lair, and left its young behind to die? These midnight hours were fateful ones to Jurgis; in them was the beginning of his rebellion, of his outlawry and his unbelief. He had no wit to trace back the social crime to its far sources— he could not say that it was the thing men have called "the system" that was crushing him to the earth that it was the packers, his masters, who had bought up the law of the land, and had dealt out their brutal will to him from the seat of justice. He only knew that he was wronged, and that the world had wronged him; that the law, that society, with all its powers, had declared itself his foe. And every hour his soul grew blacker, every hour he dreamed new dreams of vengeance, of defiance, of raging, frenzied hate. The vilest deeds, like poison weeds, Bloom well in prison air; It is only what is good in Man That wastes and withers there; Pale Anguish keeps the heavy gate, And the Warder is Despair. So wrote a poet, to whom the world had dealt its justice—

Korean blacker: 검게 하는 사람, 비방하는 사람. brutal: 잔인한, 짐승같은, 야수성, 짐승같이 만들다, 무도, 잔인, 짐승의. crushing: 눌러 터뜨리는, 압도적인, 박살내는, 결정적인, 분쇄하는, 궤멸적인, 눌러 터뜨리는 것. fateful: 숙명적인, 중대한, 치명적인, 운명을 안고 있는, 예언적인. foe: 적, 적군, 원수, 상대. heel: 뒤축을 대다, 기울이다, 뒤꿈치로

춤추다, 뒷발, 의 바로 뒤를 따르다, 바로 뒤따르다, 뒤꿈치, 기울어지다, 굽, 경사, 비열한놈. masters: 석사. outlawry: 법률 무시, 사회적 추방, 비합법화, 보호의 박탈, 법률의 은전을 박탈함, 법률의 은전, 법률무시, 공권 박탈, 부법자 상태, 법률의 보호를 박탈하기, 법률의 은전을 박탈하기. rebellion: 모반, 반란, 반항, 폭동,

권력에 대한 반항. reckless: 개의치 않는, 무모한, 분별 없는, 앞뒤를 가리지 않는. unbelief: 불신앙, 불신, 의혹. unrestrained: 제멋대로의, 억제되지않은, 무제한의, 억제되지 않은. wit: 기지, 재치, 지력, 알다, 재치있는 사람, 정신, 재주꾼, 지. withers: 두 어깨뼈 사이의 융기, 양 어깨뼈 사이의 융기, 감정.

178

The Jungle

I %know not whether Laws be right, Or whether Laws be wrong; All that we know who lie in gaol Is that the wall is strong. And they do well to hide their hell, For in it things are done That Son of God nor son of Man Ever should look upon!

Korean gaol: 교도소, 구치소, 구류. hell: 지옥, 마굴, 지옥과 같은 장소, 빌어먹을, 이세상의 지옥, 저승. hide: 숨다, 피혁, 때리다, 짐승의 가죽, 숨기다, 심하게 매질하다, 짐승 가죽, 숨기기, 숨는 장소. lie: 거짓말, 방향, 눕다, 위치, 있다, 기대다, 향, 거짓말하다, 통해 있다, 사기, 소굴. nor: 부정논리화, 보다도, 도 또한 ...않다, 없다, 도 아니다.

son: 아들, 자손, 젊은이, 병신 같은 놈, 치사한 놈, 양자, 사위, 계승자, 예수, 자제, 나라사람. strong: 유력한, 강한, 강렬한, 열심인, 튼튼한, 굳센, 힘찬, 큰, 잘하는, 인원이 ...인, 힘센. wall: 벽, 담, 벽으로 막다, 성벽, 성벽을 두르다, 벽과 같은 것, 벽으로 둘렀싸다, 지다, 가두다, 굴리다, 담에 나는. wrong: 오해하다, 고장난, 나쁜, 나쁜

짓, 틀려서, 나쁜게, 부정, 해치다, 틀린, 거꾸로의, 고장나서.

Upton Sinclair

179

CHAPTER 17

At%seven o'clock the next morning Jurgis was let out to get water to wash his cell—a duty which he performed faithfully, but which most of the prisoners were accustomed to shirk, until their cells became so filthy that the guards interposed. Then he had more "duffers and dope," and afterward was allowed three hours for exercise, in a long, cement-walked court roofed with glass. Here were all the inmates of the jail crowded together. At one side of the court was a place for visitors, cut off by two heavy wire screens, a foot apart, so that nothing could be passed in to the prisoners; here Jurgis watched anxiously, but there came no one to see him. Soon after he went back to his cell, a keeper opened the door to let in another prisoner. He was a dapper young fellow, with a light brown mustache and blue eyes, and a graceful figure. He nodded to Jurgis, and then, as the keeper closed the door upon him, began gazing critically about him. "Well, pal," he said, as his glance encountered Jurgis again, "good morning." "Good morning," said Jurgis. "A rum go for Christmas, eh?" added the other. Jurgis nodded.

Korean accustomed: 익숙한, 평소의, 여느 때와 다름없는, 길든, 습관의, 에 익숙한. afterward: 나중에, 그 후, 뒤에. anxiously: 걱정스럽게, 근심하여, 걱정하여. critically: 혹평하여, 비평적으로, 아슬아슬하게, 위태롭게, 위급하게, 가까스로. crowded: 붐비는, 혼잡한, 만원의, 파란 만장의, 다사다난한, 붐비다,

장소가 가득 차서, 가득 차서. dapper: 단정한, 작고 활발한, 날씬한. faithfully: 여불비례, 충실히. filthy: 더러운, 추잡한, 음탕한, 불결한, 많이 있는, 지독한. graceful: 우미한, 우아한. guards: 근위 연대. jail: 교도소, 구치소, 투옥하다, 구류. keeper: 지키는 사람, 관리인, 수비자, 보호자, 지기, 사육자, 파수꾼, 임자, 과일, 보조반지, 야채.

mustache: 콧수염, 수염. roofed: 으로 지붕을 한, 지붕이 있는. rum: 이상한, 술, 럼 술, 기묘한, 서투른, 럼주, 만만찮은, 위험한, 어려운, 별스런, 럼술. shirk: 게을리 하다, 피하다, 책임을 회피하다, 기피자, 회피하다. wash: 도금하다, 씻다, 세광하다, 세제, 세탁, 습지, 화장수, 믿을 만하다, 그 소리, 씻어 정하게 하다, 쓸어 넣다.

180

The Jungle

The newcomer went to the bunks and inspected the blankets; he lifted up the mattress, and then dropped it with an exclamation. "My God!" he said, "that's the worst yet." He glanced at Jurgis again. "Looks as if it hadn't been slept in last night. Couldn't stand it, eh?" "I didn't want to sleep last night," said Jurgis.% "When did you come in?" "Yesterday." The other had another look around, and then wrinkled up his nose. "There's the devil of a stink in here," he said, suddenly. "What is it?" "It's me," said Jurgis. "You?" "Yes, me." "Didn't they make you wash?" "Yes, but this don't wash." "What is it?" "Fertilizer." "Fertilizer! The deuce! What are you?" "I work in the stockyards—at least I did until the other day. It's in my clothes." "That's a new one on me," said the newcomer. "I thought I'd been up against 'em all. What are you in for?" "I hit my boss." "Oh—that's it. What did he do?" "He—he treated me mean." "I see. You're what's called an honest workingman!" "What are you?" Jurgis asked. "I?" The other laughed. "They say I'm a cracksman," he said.

Korean deuce: 듀스, 불운, 재액, 재액-시합을 듀스로 만들다, 시합을 듀스로 만들다, 이달러, 이의 패, 주사위의 2, 화. hit: 히트, 치다, 안타, 우연히 발견하다, 타격, 명언, 부닥치다, 에 공교롭게 부닥치다, 요구하다, 생각이 미치다, 빗댐. honest: 정직한, 섞지않은, 성실한, 진짜의, 평판이 좋은, 거짓이 없는, 기특한.

inspected: 점검하는, 검사하는, 사열하는, 시찰하는. least: 하다못해, 가장적게, 최소, 가장 적게, 가장 작은. nose: 코, 돌출부, 후각, 전진하다, 냄새맡다, 코를 비벼대다, 찾다, 냄새를 맡아내다, 직각적 식별력, 냄새 맡다, 잡이. sleep: 자다, 영면, 수면, 정지, 동면, 마비되다, 묵다, 잠듦, 마비, 이성과 자다, 헤프다.

stink: 악취, 냄새를 맡아내다, 평판이 나쁘다, 악취를 풍겨 내쫓다, 고약한 냄새, 악취를 풍기다, 악취를 피워 내쫓다, 의 냄새를 맡다, 평이 나쁘다, 화학. worst: 가장 나쁘게, 가장 나쁜, 지우다, 무찌르다, 최악의 것, 가장 심한 것, 지게 하다, 가장 나쁜 것, 가장 나쁜 사람, 제일 심한, 가장 심한 사람.

Upton Sinclair

181

"What's that?" asked Jurgis.% "Safes, and such things," answered the other. "Oh," said Jurgis, wonderingly, and stated at the speaker in awe. "You mean you break into them—you—you—" "Yes," laughed the other, "that's what they say." He did not look to be over twenty-two or three, though, as Jurgis found afterward, he was thirty. He spoke like a man of education, like what the world calls a "gentleman." "Is that what you're here for?" Jurgis inquired. "No," was the answer. "I'm here for disorderly conduct. They were mad because they couldn't get any evidence. "What's your name?" the young fellow continued after a pause. "My name's Duane—Jack Duane. I've more than a dozen, but that's my company one." He seated himself on the floor with his back to the wall and his legs crossed, and went on talking easily; he soon put Jurgis on a friendly footing—he was evidently a man of the world, used to getting on, and not too proud to hold conversation with a mere laboring man. He drew Jurgis out, and heard all about his life all but the one unmentionable thing; and then he told stories about his own life. He was a great one for stories, not always of the choicest. Being sent to jail had apparently not disturbed his cheerfulness; he had "done time" twice before, it seemed, and he took it all with a frolic welcome. What with women and wine and the excitement of his vocation, a man could afford to rest now and then. Naturally, the aspect of prison life was changed for Jurgis by the arrival of a cell mate. He could not turn his face to the wall and sulk, he had to speak when he was spoken to; nor could he help being interested in the conversation of Duane—the first educated man with whom he had ever talked. How could he help listening with wonder while the other told of midnight ventures and perilous escapes, of feastings and orgies, of fortunes squandered in a night? The young fellow had an amused contempt for Jurgis, as a sort of working mule; he,

Korean amused: 즐기는, 명랑한, 즐거워 하는, frolic: 들떠떠듦, 장난치다, 장난, 즐거워하는. 법석, 까불다, 까붊, 장난치며 놀다, cheerfulness: 쾌활하는 것. 까불거리며 뛰노는, 흥겨워 떠들며 disorderly: 무질서한, 난잡한, 난폭한, 놀기, 흥겹게 떠들며 노는 친목회. 어수서한, 어수선한, 공안방해의. mate: 항해사, 조수, 한패, 동료, disturbed: 교란된, 정신장애자, 마테차 그릇, 마테차 나무, 지우다, 사란한, 산란한, 정서장애가 있는, 짝짓다, 한패가되다, 한편, 정서장애자, 정신장애가 있는. 결혼시키다. educated: 교양 있는, 교육받은, pause: 휴지, 중지, 단락, 휴지 하다, 지식에 의한, 숙련된, 근거가 있는, 머뭇거리다, 지체, 일시적인 중지, 교육 받은, 경험에 의한. 휴지하다, 구절, 일시 중지.

seated: 걸상이 ~한, 앉는 부분이 ~한, 엉덩이가~한. stated: 정해진, 진술된. sulk: 부루퉁함, 시무룩해지다, 지르퉁함, 실쭉하기, 실쭉하다. unmentionable: 입에 담을 수 없는, 말해서는 안 될, 말해서는 안 되는. vocation: 적성, 천직, 신의 부르심, 직업, 신명, 장사, 재능, 사명, 사명감. wonderingly: 이상한 듯이, 의아하게.

182

The Jungle

too, had felt the world's injustice, but instead of bearing it patiently, he had struck back, and struck hard. He was striking all the time—there was war between him and society. He was a genial freebooter, living off the enemy, without fear or shame. He was not always victorious, but then defeat did not mean annihilation, and need not break his spirit.% Withal he was a goodhearted fellow—too much so, it appeared. His story came out, not in the first day, nor the second, but in the long hours that dragged by, in which they had nothing to do but talk and nothing to talk of but themselves. Jack Duane was from the East; he was a college-bred man—had been studying electrical engineering. Then his father had met with misfortune in business and killed himself; and there had been his mother and a younger brother and sister. Also, there was an invention of Duane's; Jurgis could not understand it clearly, but it had to do with telegraphing, and it was a very important thing—there were fortunes in it, millions upon millions of dollars. And Duane had been robbed of it by a great company, and got tangled up in lawsuits and lost all his money. Then somebody had given him a tip on a horse race, and he had tried to retrieve his fortune with another person's money, and had to run away, and all the rest had come from that. The other asked him what had led him to safebreaking—to Jurgis a wild and appalling occupation to think about. A man he had met, his cell mate had replied—one thing leads to another. Didn't he ever wonder about his family, Jurgis asked. Sometimes, the other answered, but not often—he didn't allow it. Thinking about it would make it no better. This wasn't a world in which a man had any business with a family; sooner or later Jurgis would find that out also, and give up the fight and shift for himself. Jurgis was so transparently what he pretended to be that his cell mate was as open with him as a child; it was pleasant to tell him adventures, he was so full of wonder and admiration, he was so new to the ways of the country. Duane did not even bother to keep back names and places—he told all his triumphs and his failures, his loves and his griefs. Also he introduced Jurgis to many of the other prisoners, nearly half of whom he knew by name. The crowd had already given

Korean admiration: 감탄, 칭찬, 찬미, 경탄, 경이, 칭찬의 대상, 찬양의 대상. annihilation: 전멸, 붕괴, 소멸, 영혼소멸, 무효. appalling: 대단한, 섬뜩한, 심한, 끔찍한, 무서운, 오싹 소름이 끼치는, 질리는. college-bred: 대학 출신의, 대학교육을 받은. freebooter: 약탈자, 해적. genial: 온화한, 다정한, 친절한,

쾌적한, 온난한, 턱의, 정다운, 천재의, 생식의. invention: 발명의 재능, 발명, 발명품, 날조, 허구, 꾸며낸 이야기, 발명력, 발견성십자가 발견의 축일, 꾸며낸 일, 창안문, 조작한것. leads: 지붕을 잇는데 쓰는 함석. loves: 사랑. occupation: 점유, 점령, 직업, 거주, 일, 종사, 점유 기간, 점유 권. pretended: 거짓의.

retrieve: 회복, 되찾다, 회복하다, 정정하다, 생각해 내다, 구하다, 되찾음, 메우다, 보상하다, 부활시키다, 검색하다. tangled: 얽힌, 혼란을 일으킨, 분규의. transparently: 비쳐보이게, 투명하게, 솔직하게. victorious: 승리의, 승리를 가져오는, 이긴, 승리를 거둔, 전승자의, 승리를 나타내는, 이겨서 의기양양한, 전승의.

Upton Sinclair

183

Jurgis a name—they called him "he stinker." This was cruel, but they meant no harm by it, and he took it with a goodnatured grin.% Our friend had caught now and then a whiff from the sewers over which he lived, but this was the first time that he had ever been splashed by their filth. This jail was a Noah's ark of the city's crime—there were murderers, "hold-up men" and burglars, embezzlers, counterfeiters and forgers, bigamists, "shoplifters," "confidence men," petty thieves and pickpockets, gamblers and procurers, brawlers, beggars, tramps and drunkards; they were black and white, old and young, Americans and natives of every nation under the sun. There were hardened criminals and innocent men too poor to give bail; old men, and boys literally not yet in their teens. They were the drainage of the great festering ulcer of society; they were hideous to look upon, sickening to talk to. All life had turned to rottenness and stench in them—love was a beastliness, joy was a snare, and God was an imprecation. They strolled here and there about the courtyard, and Jurgis listened to them. He was ignorant and they were wise; they had been everywhere and tried everything. They could tell the whole hateful story of it, set forth the inner soul of a city in which justice and honor, women's bodies and men's souls, were for sale in the marketplace, and human beings writhed and fought and fell upon each other like wolves in a pit; in which lusts were raging fires, and men were fuel, and humanity was festering and stewing and wallowing in its own corruption. Into this wild-beast tangle these men had been born without their consent, they had taken part in it because they could not help it; that they were in jail was no disgrace to them, for the game had never been fair, the dice were loaded. They were swindlers and thieves of pennies and dimes, and they had been trapped and put out of the way by the swindlers and thieves of millions of dollars. To most of this Jurgis tried not to listen. They frightened him with their savage mockery; and all the while his heart was far away, where his loved ones were calling. Now and then in the midst of it his thoughts would take flight; and then the tears would come into his eyes—and he would be called back by the jeering laughter of his companions.

Korean ark: 방주, 계약의 궤, 볼품 없는 대형의 배, 평저선. bail: 보석, 뱃바닥에 괸물을 퍼내다, 보석금, 들손, 통의 반달꼴손잡이, 삼주문위의 가로나무, 들손보석받게하다, 위탁하다, 반원형 손잡이, 종이 누르개, 칸막이 가로장. beastliness: 더러움, 불결, 짐승 같은 짓, 부정, 무식, 외설, 야만, 난폭, 구역질 나는 것, 음탕, 추악. born: 타고난, 태어난, 으로 태어난.

courtyard: 안뜰, 안마당, 마당. disgrace: 창피, 치욕, 욕보이다, 눈 밖에 나 있음, 불명예, 수치가 되다, 총애를 잃게 하다, 망신시키는 것. goodnatured: 사람이 좋은, 온후한. hardened: 강해진, 경화한, 굳어진, 단단해지, 무정한, 상습적인, 철면피한. honor: 명예, 명성, 존경하다, 체면, 자존심, 훈장, 서훈, 고관, 인수하고 지불하다, 정절, 작위.

imprecation: 저주, 방자, 기원, 빌기. laughter: 웃음, 웃음소리. marketplace: 시장, 장터, 경제계, 경제의 장. snare: 향현, 덫, 유혹하다. ulcer: 병폐, 궤양, 폐해. whiff: 훅 불다, 담배 피우다, 담배의 한 모금, 한번 붊, 확 풍기는 냄새, 헛치다, 작은 엽궐련, 빨다, 주낙질하다, 헛치기, 한번 불기. wolves: 늑대들.

184

The Jungle

He spent a week in this company, and during all that time he had no word from his home. He paid one of his fifteen cents for a postal card, and his companion wrote a note to the family, telling them where he was and when he would be tried. There came no answer to it, however, and at last, the day before New Year's, Jurgis bade good-by to Jack Duane. The latter gave him his address, or rather the address of his mistress, and made Jurgis promise to look him up. "Maybe I could help you out of a hole some day," he said, and added that he was sorry to have him go. Jurgis rode in the patrol wagon back to Justice Callahan's court for trial.% One of the first things he made out as he entered the room was Teta Elzbieta and little Kotrina, looking pale and frightened, seated far in the rear. His heart began to pound, but he did not dare to try to signal to them, and neither did Elzbieta. He took his seat in the prisoners' pen and sat gazing at them in helpless agony. He saw that Ona was not with them, and was full of foreboding as to what that might mean. He spent half an hour brooding over this— and then suddenly he straightened up and the blood rushed into his face. A man had come in—Jurgis could not see his features for the bandages that swathed him, but he knew the burly figure. It was Connor! A trembling seized him, and his limbs bent as if for a spring. Then suddenly he felt a hand on his collar, and heard a voice behind him: "Sit down, you son of a—!" He subsided, but he never took his eyes off his enemy. The fellow was still alive, which was a disappointment, in one way; and yet it was pleasant to see him, all in penitential plasters. He and the company lawyer, who was with him, came and took seats within the judge's railing; and a minute later the clerk called Jurgis' name, and the policeman jerked him to his feet and led him before the bar, gripping him tightly by the arm, lest he should spring upon the boss. Jurgis listened while the man entered the witness chair, took the oath, and told his story. The wife of the prisoner had been employed in a department near him, and had been discharged for impudence to him. Half an hour later he had been violently attacked, knocked down, and almost choked to death. He had brought witnesses—

Korean collar: 깃, 목걸이, 칼라, 변색부, 태클, 롤 말이로 만든 돼지고기나 생선, 속박, 고리, 태클하다, 훈장, 깃을 달다. companion: 동료, 동무, 동반자, 갑판 승강구의 덮개문, 말동무, 안내서, 이야기 상대로 고용된 여자, 짝, 천창, 최하위 훈작사, 패. disappointment: 실망. foreboding: 전조, 예감, 예언, 육감. gripping: 주의를 끄는, 매력있는.

impudence: 뻔뻔스러움, 건방짐, 몰염치, 건방진 언행. maybe: 아마, 어찌면. mistress: 정부, 애인, 여교사, 주부, 부인, 여지배자, 여주인, 연인, 여왕, 한 집안의 안 주인, 주인. pen: 펜, 쓰다, 우리, 축사, 우리에 넣다, 구치소, 가두다, 백조의 암컷, 문체, 울타리속에 넣다, 편지 따위를 쓰다. penitential: 속죄의, 회오의, 고해

세칙서, 회개의. postal: 우편의, 우체국의, 우편 엽서. prisoner: 죄수, 포로, 붙잡힌 사람모르고 잡아두다, 자유를 빼앗긴 사람, 죄인, 자유를 빼앗긴 것, 붙잡힌 것, 붙잡힌 사람. railing: 난간, 레일, 폭언, 놀림, 울타리, 가로장, 울, 욕지거리, 레일재료, 그 자료, 욕설. violently: 맹렬하게, 격렬히, 세차게, 심하게, 난폭하게, 폭력적으로.

Upton Sinclair

185

"They will probably not be necessary," observed the judge and he turned to Jurgis. "You admit attacking the plaintiff?" he asked.% "Him?" inquired Jurgis, pointing at the boss. "Yes," said the judge. "I hit him, sir," said Jurgis. "Say 'your Honor,'" said the officer, pinching his arm hard. "Your Honor," said Jurgis, obediently. "You tried to choke him?" "Yes, sir, your Honor." "Ever been arrested before?" "No, sir, your Honor." "What have you to say for yourself?" Jurgis hesitated. What had he to say? In two years and a half he had learned to speak English for practical purposes, but these had never included the statement that some one had intimidated and seduced his wife. He tried once or twice, stammering and balking, to the annoyance of the judge, who was gasping from the odor of fertilizer. Finally, the prisoner made it understood that his vocabulary was inadequate, and there stepped up a dapper young man with waxed mustaches, bidding him speak in any language he knew. Jurgis began; supposing that he would be given time, he explained how the boss had taken advantage of his wife's position to make advances to her and had threatened her with the loss of her place. When the interpreter had translated this, the judge, whose calendar was crowded, and whose automobile was ordered for a certain hour, interrupted with the remark: "Oh, I see. Well, if he made love to your wife, why didn't she complain to the superintendent or leave the place?" Jurgis hesitated, somewhat taken aback; he began to explain that they were very poor—that work was hard to get—

Korean aback: 깜짝 놀라다, 당하다, 돛이 자동차의, 자동 추진의. 거꾸로, 뒤로, 후방으로, 돛이 역풍을 bidding: 초대, 입찰, 명령, 공고, 선언, 받고. 비드하기. admit: 허락하다, 들이다, 인정하다, calendar: 달력, 일람표, 역법, 달력에 승인하다, 입장을 허용하다, 수용할 기입하다, 책력, 연중 행사표, 수 있다, 고백하다, 여지가 있다, 에 일람표로 만들다, 일정표, 공판 들어갈 수단이 되다, 수용하다, 넣다. 예정표, 연중 행사 일람-달력에적다, annoyance: 성가심, 두통거리, 약오름, 연차 목록. 성가신 일, 성가신 사람, 성가시게 complain: 호소하다, 고소하다, 굴기, 괴로움. 불평하다, 슬픈 소리를 내다, automobile: 자동차, 일이 빠른 사람, 하소연하다, 투덜거리다, 불평을하다,

불만을 털어놓다, 신음하다, 앓다, 푸념하다. inadequate: 부적당한, 불충분한, 사회 부적격의, 적성이 없는, 부적절한. interpreter: 연출자, 해석자, 번역기, 통역자, 해석프로그램, 설명자, 통역. learned: 학구적인, 학식 있는, 학자의, 학문상의, 학문이 있는, 학식이 있는. obediently: 유순하게, 효성스럽게. vocabulary: 어휘, 단어집, 사전, 표현 기법의 범위, 단어집표.

186

The Jungle

"I see," said Justice Callahan; "so instead you thought you would knock him down." He turned to the plaintiff, inquiring, "Is there any truth in this story, Mr. Connor?" "Not a particle, your Honor," said the boss. "It is very unpleasant— they tell some such tale every time you have to discharge a woman—" "Yes, I know," said the judge. "I hear it often enough. The fellow seems to have handled you pretty roughly. Thirty days and costs. Next case." Jurgis had been listening in perplexity. It was only when the policeman who had him by the arm turned and started to lead him away that he realized that sentence had been passed. He gazed round him wildly. "Thirty days!" he panted and then he whirled upon the judge. "What will my family do?" he cried frantically. "I have a wife and baby, sir, and they have no money—my God, they will starve to death!" "You would have done well to think about them before you committed the assault," said the judge dryly, as he turned to look at the next prisoner.% Jurgis would have spoken again, but the policeman had seized him by the collar and was twisting it, and a second policeman was making for him with evidently hostile intentions. So he let them lead him away. Far down the room he saw Elzbieta and Kotrina, risen from their seats, staring in fright; he made one effort to go to them, and then, brought back by another twist at his throat, he bowed his head and gave up the struggle. They thrust him into a cell room, where other prisoners were waiting; and as soon as court had adjourned they led him down with them into the "Black Maria," and drove him away. This time Jurgis was bound for the "Bridewell," a petty jail where Cook County prisoners serve their time. It was even filthier and more crowded than the county jail; all the smaller fry out of the latter had been sifted into it—the petty thieves and swindlers, the brawlers and vagrants. For his cell mate Jurgis had an Italian fruit seller who had refused to pay his graft to the policeman, and been arrested for carrying a large pocketknife; as he did not understand a word of English our friend was glad when he left. He gave place to a Norwegian sailor, who had lost half an ear in a drunken brawl, and who proved to be

Korean bowed: 굽은, 머리를 숙인, 활을 가진, 활 모양의, 활 모양을 한. brawl: 말다툼, 말다툼하다, 소동, 소란, 싸움하다, 요란하게 흐르다. dryly: 냉담하게, 건조하여, 무미건조하게, 비꼬아서. fry: 치어, 전기의자로 처형되다, 프라이로 되다, 튀김, 흥분, 물고기 새끼, 작은 것, 고뇌, 작은물고기떼, 기름에 튀기다, 감자튀김. handled: 자루가 달린, 핸들이 있는.

hostile: 적의, 적대하는, 적의 있는. inquiring: 알고 싶어 하는, 묻고 싶은 듯한, 묻는, 미심쩍은, 미심쩍은 듯한, 알고 싶어하는, 호기심에찬, 캐묻기 좋아하는, 탐구적인. knock: 노킹, 노크, 두드리다, 부딪치다, 치다, 튼튼한, 두드림, 깜짝 놀라게 하다, 깍아내리다, 그 소리, 헐뜯다. particle: 불변화사, 미분자, 미량, 질점, 접두사, 조각, 작은 조각, 입자,

분자. plaintiff: 원고. risen: 일어난, 부활한, 오른. sailor: 선원, 수병, 수부, 수병 모자, 해군 군인. seller: 파는 사람, 팔리는 물건, 베스트셀러, 매각 경마. smaller: 작게. twist: 꼰 실, 새끼, 혼합주, 꼬다, 곡해하다, 구부리다, 구부러지다, 끈, 감다, 한 번 꼬기, 기벽.

Upton Sinclair

187

quarrelsome, cursing Jurgis because he moved in his bunk and caused the roaches to drop upon the lower one. It would have been quite intolerable, staying in a cell with this wild beast, but for the fact that all day long the prisoners were put at work breaking stone.% Ten days of his thirty Jurgis spent thus, without hearing a word from his family; then one day a keeper came and informed him that there was a visitor to see him. Jurgis turned white, and so weak at the knees that he could hardly leave his cell. The man led him down the corridor and a flight of steps to the visitors' room, which was barred like a cell. Through the grating Jurgis could see some one sitting in a chair; and as he came into the room the person started up, and he saw that it was little Stanislovas. At the sight of some one from home the big fellow nearly went to pieces—he had to steady himself by a chair, and he put his other hand to his forehead, as if to clear away a mist. "Well?" he said, weakly. Little Stanislovas was also trembling, and all but too frightened to speak. "They—they sent me to tell you—" he said, with a gulp. "Well?" Jurgis repeated. He followed the boy's glance to where the keeper was standing watching them. "Never mind that," Jurgis cried, wildly. "How are they?" "Ona is very sick," Stanislovas said; "and we are almost starving. We can't get along; we thought you might be able to help us." Jurgis gripped the chair tighter; there were beads of perspiration on his forehead, and his hand shook. "I—can't help you," he said. "Ona lies in her room all day," the boy went on, breathlessly. "She won't eat anything, and she cries all the time. She won't tell what is the matter and she won't go to work at all. Then a long time ago the man came for the rent. He was very cross. He came again last week. He said he would turn us out of the house. And then Marija—" A sob choked Stanislovas, and he stopped. "What's the matter with Marija?" cried Jurgis.

Korean breathlessly: 숨가쁘게. 맞는 영화로 판정된 것, 창살. bunk: 침대, 도망, 등걸잠자다, gulp: 참다, 한모금, 한 입 가득, 꿀꺽 뺑소니치다, 도망하다.뺑소니치다, 삼켜버리다, 꿀떡꿀떡 마시다, 꿀꺽 도망하다, 침상에 눕다, 침상, 삼킴, 억제하다, 꿀떡꿀떡마시다, 터무니없는 소리를 하다, 터무니없는 들이켜다, 삼키다, 쭉꿀꺽꿀꺽마시기. 소리. hearing: 청력, 듣기, 들어주기, 들리는 flight: 날기, 도주, 비행, 패주, 고양, 거리, 청각, 경청, 가청거리, 청위, 경과, 우주여행, 항공여행, 비행술, 청취, 들리는 범위, 심문. 떼, 떼지어 날다. informed: 지식이 있는, 지식의 grating: 삐걱거리는, 서로 갈리는, 필요한, 소식통의, 견문이 넓은, 격자, 귀에 거슬리는, 모든 연령층에 사정에 밝은, 학식이 있는.

intolerable: 견딜 수 없는, 과도한, 참을수 없는, 애타는, 약오르는. quarrelsome: 싸움 좋아하는, 싸움을 좋아하는. repeated: 되풀이된, 거듭된. thirty: 서티, 서른, 삼십세의, 삼십세, 끝을 나타내는 기호, 삼십. weakly: 약한, 병약한 약하게, 허약한, 갸날프게, 우유부단하게, 약하게, 물기 많게, 무기력하게, 가냘프게, 묽게, 병약한.

188

The Jungle

"She's%cut her hand!" said the boy. "She's cut it bad, this time, worse than before. She can't work and it's all turning green, and the company doctor says she may—she may have to have it cut off. And Marija cries all the time—her money is nearly all gone, too, and we can't pay the rent and the interest on the house; and we have no coal and nothing more to eat, and the man at the store, he says—" The little fellow stopped again, beginning to whimper. "Go on!" the other panted in frenzy—"Go on!" "I—I will," sobbed Stanislovas. "It's so—so cold all the time. And last Sunday it snowed again—a deep, deep snow—and I couldn't— couldn't get to work." "God!" Jurgis half shouted, and he took a step toward the child. There was an old hatred between them because of the snow—ever since that dreadful morning when the boy had had his fingers frozen and Jurgis had had to beat him to send him to work. Now he clenched his hands, looking as if he would try to break through the grating. "You little villain," he cried, "you didn't try!" "I did—I did!" wailed Stanislovas, shrinking from him in terror. "I tried all day—two days. Elzbieta was with me, and she couldn't either. We couldn't walk at all, it was so deep. And we had nothing to eat, and oh, it was so cold! I tried, and then the third day Ona went with me—" "Ona!" "Yes. She tried to get to work, too. She had to. We were all starving. But she had lost her place—" Jurgis reeled, and gave a gasp. "She went back to that place?" he screamed. "She tried to," said Stanislovas, gazing at him in perplexity. "Why not, Jurgis?" The man breathed hard, three or four times. "Go—on," he panted, finally. "I went with her," said Stanislovas, "but Miss Henderson wouldn't take her back. And Connor saw her and cursed her. He was still bandaged up—why did you hit him, Jurgis?" (There was some fascinating mystery about this, the little fellow knew; but he could get no satisfaction.)

Korean coal: 석탄, 태워서 숯으로 만들다, 석탄을 싣다, 숯, 석탄을 보급하다, 에 석탄을 공급하다-석탄을 싣다, 숯태워 숯으로 하다, 석탄덩어리, 작은 석탄 덩이의, 특종탄, 숯의. cold: 냉정한, 희미한, 추운, 차가운, 흥을 깨는, 감기, 냉담한, 불감증의, 약한, 한색의, 열을 흡수하기 어려운. deep: 깊은, 심원한, 심연, 마음으로부터의, 목소리가 굵고 낮은, 몰두해 있는, 심한, 깊숙이, 깊이

파묻힌, 음험한, 색이 짙은. eat: 먹다, 먹어 들어가다, 침식하다, 파괴하다, 먹을 수 있다, 먹이 들어가다, 식사하다, 슬픔에 잠기다, 부식하다, 파괴하다-식사하다, 먹을수있다. fascinating: 매혹적인. shrinking: 움츠리는, 겁내는, 움츠리는 것. store: 축적, 공급하다, 창고에 보관하다, 백화점, 저장소, 저장,

기억시키다, 저축하다, 비축, 떼어두다, 넣을 여지가 있다. turning: 굴곡, 선회, 회전, 변화, 변절, 녹로세공, 형성, 선반 세공법, 녹로 세공법, 녹로 세공, 선반 세공. whimper: 훌쩍훌쩍 울다, 낑낑거리다, 흐느껴 욺, 낑낑거리는 소리, 코멘 소리를 내다, 흐느낌. worse: 더욱 나쁘게, 더욱 나쁜, 더욱 나쁜 일, 더욱 심하게, 보다 나쁜, 악화되어, 한층 더 나쁨.

Upton Sinclair

189

Jurgis%could not speak; he could only stare, his eyes starting out. "She has been trying to get other work," the boy went on; "but she's so weak she can't keep up. And my boss would not take me back, either—Ona says he knows Connor, and that's the reason; they've all got a grudge against us now. So I've got to go downtown and sell papers with the rest of the boys and Kotrina—" "Kotrina!" "Yes, she's been selling papers, too. She does best, because she's a girl. Only the cold is so bad—it's terrible coming home at night, Jurgis. Sometimes they can't come home at all—I'm going to try to find them tonight and sleep where they do, it's so late and it's such a long ways home. I've had to walk, and I didn't know where it was— I don't know how to get back, either. Only mother said I must come, because you would want to know, and maybe somebody would help your family when they had put you in jail so you couldn't work. And I walked all day to get here—and I only had a piece of bread for breakfast, Jurgis. Mother hasn't any work either, because the sausage department is shut down; and she goes and begs at houses with a basket, and people give her food. Only she didn't get much yesterday; it was too cold for her fingers, and today she was crying—" So little Stanislovas went on, sobbing as he talked; and Jurgis stood, gripping the table tightly, saying not a word, but feeling that his head would burst; it was like having weights piled upon him, one after another, crushing the life out of him. He struggled and fought within himself—as if in some terrible nightmare, in which a man suffers an agony, and cannot lift his hand, nor cry out, but feels that he is going mad, that his brain is on fire— Just when it seemed to him that another turn of the screw would kill him, little Stanislovas stopped. "You cannot help us?" he said weakly. Jurgis shook his head. "They won't give you anything here?" He shook it again. "When are you coming out?"

Korean bread: 생계, 빵, 양식, 돈, 주식물, 올라가다, 걷힘, 캐내다. 먹을것, 고용주, 주인, 현금, 에 piece: 한 조각, 한개, 총, 단편, 한 필, 빵가루를 묻히다. 한 곡, 한 구획, 한예, 한장, 화폐, 한 breakfast: 조반, 조반을먹다, 아침 통. 식사. screw: 나사, 압박, 구두쇠, goes: 미국의 정지 기상 위성. 분발시키다, 추진기, 억지로 깍다, grudge: 주기 싫어하다, 원한, 유한, 굽히다, 한번 비틀기, 성교하다, 봉급, 아까워 하다, 싫어하다, 샘내다, 악의, 몸을 비틀다. 인정치 않다. sell: 실망, 속이다, 장사하다, 팔리다, lift: 승강기, 승진, 향상시키다, 올림, 속임수, 선전하다, 매진, 납득시키다, 도둑, 위로 향함, 높아지다, 제거하다, 배신하다, 초만원, 판매전술.

selling: 판매에 종사하는, 팔리는, 판매하는. shut: 닫히다, 잠기다, 잠그다, 잠가 막다, 막다, 가로막다, 폐쇄음의, 휴업하다, 폐쇄하다, 닫다, 에 가두다. somebody: 어떤 사람, 누군가, 상당한 인물, 아무개라는 사람. tonight: 오늘밤, 오늘밤은. walk: 걷다, 산책하다, 걸어가다, 보행, 처세, 걸음걸이, 사육장, 산책길, 걸리다, 산책, 행동.

190

The Jungle

"Three weeks yet," Jurgis answered. And the boy gazed around him uncertainly. "Then I might as well go," he said.% Jurgis nodded. Then, suddenly recollecting, he put his hand into his pocket and drew it out, shaking. "Here," he said, holding out the fourteen cents. "Take this to them." And Stanislovas took it, and after a little more hesitation, started for the door. "Good-by, Jurgis," he said, and the other noticed that he walked unsteadily as he passed out of sight. For a minute or so Jurgis stood clinging to his chair, reeling and swaying; then the keeper touched him on the arm, and he turned and went back to breaking stone.

Korean arm: 팔, 무기, 문장, 군사, 명과, holding: 소유주, 보유, 소유, 유지, 까치발, 병기, 후미, 팔걸이, 팔 지주, 토지, 파지, 홀딩, 보유지, 토지 보양의 것, 큰 가지. 보유, 공을 잠시 받치고 있기. boy: 소년, 남학생, 녀석, 보이, 급사, minute: 분, 순간, 상세한, 각서, 사내아이, 남자, 젊은이, 애인, 아들, 미소한, 의사록, 정밀한, 잠시, 사환. 자디잔, 회의 의사록 자디잔, chair: 의자, 강좌, 을 의자에 앉히다, 세밀하다. 의장직을 맡다, 을 권위있는 지위에 pocket: 착복하다, 주머니, 돈, 자력, 앉히다, 가마, 체어, 의장석회장석, 우묵한 땅, 에어포켓, 억누르다, 고립 시장의 직, 전기의자-자리이 앉히다, 지역-포켓에 넣다, 둘러싸고 대학교수의 직. 방해하다, 당구대 네 모서리의 포켓,

굴. sight: 시계, 봄, 구경거리, 시각, 일견, 시력, 목격, 웃음거리, 힐끗봄, 광경, 경치. stone: 핵, 에 돌을 던지다, 돌의, 석재, 결석, 돌, 보석, 스톤, 숫돌, 석조의, 돌을 깔다. touched: 감동한, 머리가 약간 돈, 감동된, 조금 미친, 조금미친. turned: 녹로로 세공한, 돌린, 거꾸러 된.

Upton Sinclair

191

CHAPTER 18

Jurgis%did not get out of the Bridewell quite as soon as he had expected. To his sentence there were added "court costs" of a dollar and a half—he was supposed to pay for the trouble of putting him in jail, and not having the money, was obliged to work it off by three days more of toil. Nobody had taken the trouble to tell him this—only after counting the days and looking forward to the end in an agony of impatience, when the hour came that he expected to be free he found himself still set at the stone heap, and laughed at when he ventured to protest. Then he concluded he must have counted wrong; but as another day passed, he gave up all hope— and was sunk in the depths of despair, when one morning after breakfast a keeper came to him with the word that his time was up at last. So he doffed his prison garb, and put on his old fertilizer clothing, and heard the door of the prison clang behind him. He stood upon the steps, bewildered; he could hardly believe that it was true,—that the sky was above him again and the open street before him; that he was a free man. But then the cold began to strike through his clothes, and he started quickly away. There had been a heavy snow, and now a thaw had set in; fine sleety rain was falling, driven by a wind that pierced Jurgis to the bone. He had not stopped for his-overcoat when he set out to "do up" Connor, and so his rides in the patrol wagons had been cruel experiences; his clothing was old and worn thin, and it

Korean bone: 뼈, 해골, 골격, 뼈로만든것, 골분 비료를 주다-공부만 들이 파다, 몸-뼈를발라내다, 시체, 철저히, 줄의 맨 끝에 있는 사람, 주사위, 열심히 공부하는 사람. clang: 뗑하고 울리다, 그소리, 쾅울리다, 그 소리, 뗑그렁하고 울리게 하다, 뗑그렁하고 울리다, 뗑하고 울리게 하다, 철커덩하고 울리다, 철커덩하고 울리게 하다. clothes: 옷, 침구, 의복, 세탁물,

빨래감, 범포, 모직물, 검은 성직복, 클로스, 헝겊, 천. clothing: 의류, 덮개, 돛. expected: 기대하는. experiences: 경험담. garb: 외관, 복장, 모양, 옷, 의상, 복장 양식, 옷을 입히다. heap: 기가 푹 꺽이다, 느닷없이, 많이, 퍽, 쌓다, 쌓아 올리다, 더미, 매우, 수북이 담다, 쌓아올리다, 쌓아올린 것.

prison: 구치소, 형무소, 교도소, 감옥, 금고, 투옥하다, 감금하다. sleety: 진눈깨비의, 진눈깨비가 오는, 진눈깨비 같은. thaw: 해동, 녹다, 누그러지다, 날씨가 풀리다, 눈이녹음, 차차 녹다, 풀리다, 녹이다, 풀리게 하다, 눅이다, 따뜻하게 하다. wind: 바람, 숨, 불다, 감다, 굽이, 소문, 휘감기다, 호흡, 한번 감기, 통풍하다, 숨을 돌리게 하다.

192

The Jungle

never had been very warm. Now as he trudged on the rain soon wet it through; there were six inches of watery slush on the sidewalks, so that his feet would soon have been soaked, even had there been no holes in his shoes.% Jurgis had had enough to eat in the jail, and the work had been the least trying of any that he had done since he came to Chicago; but even so, he had not grown strong—the fear and grief that had preyed upon his mind had worn him thin. Now he shivered and shrunk from the rain, hiding his hands in his pockets and hunching his shoulders together. The Bridewell grounds were on the outskirts of the city and the country around them was unsettled and wild— on one side was the big drainage canal, and on the other a maze of railroad tracks, and so the wind had full sweep. After walking a ways, Jurgis met a little ragamuffin whom he hailed: "Hey, sonny!" The boy cocked one eye at him—he knew that Jurgis was a "jailbird" by his shaven head. "Wot yer want?" he queried. "How do you go to the stockyards?" Jurgis demanded. "I don't go," replied the boy. Jurgis hesitated a moment, nonplussed. Then he said, "I mean which is the way?" "Why don't yer say so then?" was the response, and the boy pointed to the northwest, across the tracks. "That way." "How far is it?" Jurgis asked. "I dunno," said the other. "Mebbe twenty miles or so." "Twenty miles!" Jurgis echoed, and his face fell. He had to walk every foot of it, for they had turned him out of jail without a penny in his pockets. Yet, when he once got started, and his blood had warmed with walking, he forgot everything in the fever of his thoughts. All the dreadful imaginations that had haunted him in his cell now rushed into his mind at once. The agony was almost over—he was going to find out; and he clenched his hands in his pockets as he strode, following his flying desire, almost at a run. Ona—the baby—the family—the house— he would know the truth about them all! And he was

Korean canal: 도관, 운하, 수로, 어떤 방향으로 유도하다, 에 운하를 만들다, 도관의, 운하의. cocked: 위로 젖혀진, 위로 향하게 한. northwest: 북서의, 북서, 의 서북부, 서북쪽에, 서북에서 부는, 서북에, 서북부의, 서북부, 북서쪽으로, 북서에 있는, 북서로부터의. outskirts: 변두리, 교외, 주변, 도시 따위의 변두리. pointed: 뾰족한, 가시돋친, 노골적인,

두드러진, 말씨가 명쾌한, 명쾌한. 청소하다, 엄습하다, 길고 큰 노, 굴뚝 ragamuffin: 부랑아, 누더기를 걸친 청소부, 타다, 만곡, 먼지, 한 번 더러운 사람, 남루한 옷을 입은 휘두르기, 청소. 부랑아, 누더기를 몸에 걸친 초라한 unsettled: 변하기 쉬운, 할당되지 사람, 누더기를 걸친 초라한 사람. 않은, 결정되지 않은, 동란의, shaven: 면도한, 깎은. 동요하는, 미결제의, 미정의, slush: 뇌물, 윤활유, 위조지폐, 진창, 미해결의, 불안정한, 일정치 않은, 푸념, 질벅한 길, 음식, 윤활제, 정착 주민이 없는. 시멘트로 메우다, 깊이 없는 감상적인 watery: 물의, 엷은, 약한, 수중의, 이야기, 녹기 시작한 눈. 비올듯한, 묽은, 물이많은, 맥빠진, sweep: 옷자락을 끌며 걷다, 털다, 눈물어린, 비가 올 듯한, 싱거운.

Upton Sinclair

193

coming to the rescue—he was free again! His hands were his own, and he could help them, he could do battle for them against the world.% For an hour or so he walked thus, and then he began to look about him. He seemed to be leaving the city altogether. The street was turning into a country road, leading out to the westward; there were snow-covered fields on either side of him. Soon he met a farmer driving a two-horse wagon loaded with straw, and he stopped him. "Is this the way to the stockyards?" he asked. The farmer scratched his head. "I dunno jest where they be," he said. "But they're in the city somewhere, and you're going dead away from it now." Jurgis looked dazed. "I was told this was the way," he said. "Who told you?" "A boy." "Well, mebbe he was playing a joke on ye. The best thing ye kin do is to go back, and when ye git into town ask a policeman. I'd take ye in, only I've come a long ways an' I'm loaded heavy. Git up!" So Jurgis turned and followed, and toward the end of the morning he began to see Chicago again. Past endless blocks of two-story shanties he walked, along wooden sidewalks and unpaved pathways treacherous with deep slush holes. Every few blocks there would be a railroad crossing on the level with the sidewalk, a deathtrap for the unwary; long freight trains would be passing, the cars clanking and crashing together, and Jurgis would pace about waiting, burning up with a fever of impatience. Occasionally the cars would stop for some minutes, and wagons and streetcars would crowd together waiting, the drivers swearing at each other, or hiding beneath umbrellas out of the rain; at such times Jurgis would dodge under the gates and run across the tracks and between the cars, taking his life into his hands. He crossed a long bridge over a river frozen solid and covered with slush. Not even on the river bank was the snow white—the rain which fell was a diluted solution of smoke, and Jurgis' hands and face were streaked with black.

Korean crossed: 횡선을 그은, 십자모양으로 놓은, 열십자로 된, 방해된, 방해되는, 교차한, 교차된, 가로 세로로 글씨를 쓴, 교차. crossing: 교차, 교차점, 횡단, 이종교배, 건널목, 교잡, 횡선, 십자로, 방해, 횡단보도, 도항. deathtrap: 위험한 장소, 화재 휘험이 있는 건물. dodge: 속임수, 속이다, 살짝숨다, 다지, 말을 둘러대다, 묘안팅삥, 묘안,

몸을돌려피함, 홱몸을피하다, 홱 몸을 피하다, 가. farmer: 농부, 수세 도급인, 농장주, 시골사람, 유아등을 맡는 사람, 농민, 농장 경영자, 시골 사람, 유아 등을 맡는 사람. git: 멍텅구리, 쓸모없는 놈. kin: 친척, 같은 종류인, 혈족관계, 혈족인, 혈연 관계, 혈연, 의 작은 것의 뜻. leaving: 찌꺼기, 잔물, 쓰레기.

streaked: 건강을 해친, 불안한, 줄있는, 괴로워하는. treacherous: 배반하는, 믿을 수 없는, 의지가 안되는, 반역하는, 기대에 어긋나는. westward: 서방에, 서쪽의, 서쪽, 서쪽으로 향하는, 서부 제국, 서쪽에, 서쪽으로. ye: 너희들, 호칭으로 사용, 이인칭 대명사의 복수형, 명령문에서 사용, 이인칭 대명사.

194

The Jungle

Then he came into the business part of the city, where the streets were sewers of inky blackness, with horses sleeping and plunging, and women and children flying across in panic-stricken droves. These streets were huge canyons formed by towering black buildings, echoing with the clang of car gongs and the shouts of drivers; the people who swarmed in them were as busy as ants—all hurrying breathlessly, never stopping to look at anything nor at each other. The solitary trampish-looking foreigner, with water-soaked clothing and haggard face and anxious eyes, was as much alone as he hurried past them, as much unheeded and as lost, as if he had been a thousand miles deep in a wilderness.% A policeman gave him his direction and told him that he had five miles to go. He came again to the slum districts, to avenues of saloons and cheap stores, with long dingy red factory buildings, and coalyards and railroad tracks; and then Jurgis lifted up his head and began to sniff the air like a startled animal— scenting the far-off odor of home. It was late afternoon then, and he was hungry, but the dinner invitations hung out of the saloons were not for him. So he came at last to the stockyards, to the black volcanoes of smoke and the lowing cattle and the stench. Then, seeing a crowded car, his impatience got the better of him and he jumped aboard, hiding behind another man, unnoticed by the conductor. In ten minutes more he had reached his street, and home. He was half running as he came round the corner. There was the house, at any rate—and then suddenly he stopped and stared. What was the matter with the house? Jurgis looked twice, bewildered; then he glanced at the house next door and at the one beyond—then at the saloon on the corner. Yes, it was the right place, quite certainly—he had not made any mistake. But the house—the house was a different color! He came a couple of steps nearer. Yes; it had been gray and now it was yellow! The trimmings around the windows had been red, and now they were green! It was all newly painted! How strange it made it seem! Jurgis went closer yet, but keeping on the other side of the street. A sudden and horrible spasm of fear had come over him. His knees were shaking beneath

Korean blackness: 흑점, 검정, 흑색, 검음. cheap: 싸게, 값싼, 시시한, 싼, 저리의, 노력하지 않고 얻은, 값싸게, 할인의, 값이 싼, 인쇄한, 저속한. foreigner: 외국인, 외국선, 이방인, 이인, 외국 제품, 국외자. formed: 생물적 특징을 갖춘, 형성된. hungry: 갈망하는, 배고픈, 공복의, 굶주린, 메마른, 몹시 원하는, 불모의, 식욕을 일으키는. inky: 잉크같은, 잉크의, 새까만, 잉크

묻은, 새카만, 잉크로 표를 한, sniff: 콧방귀 뀌다, 킁킁 냄새맡다, 의 잉크묻은, 더러워진, 잉크로 표시를 냄새를 맡다, 코를 킁킁거리다, 코로 한. 들이쉬다, 낌새채다, 코방귀 뀜, newly: 다시, 새로이, 최근에, 요즈음, 코방귀를 뀌며 말하다, 킁킁거리며 최근. 냄새 맡음, 혐의를 두다, 코방귀 뀌다. painted: 허식적인, 색채가 선명한, solitary: 고독한, 혼자의, 외로운, 인공의, 채색한, 연지바른, 그린, 단독의, 혼자사는 사람, 혼자 사는 겉치장한, 연지 칠한. 사람, 유일한, 분리된, 인적이 없는. panic-stricken: 공황에 휩쓸린. unnoticed: 눈에 띄지 않는, slum: 빈민굴, 뒷거리, 불결한 장소, 돌보아지지 않는, 주의를 끌지않는, 빈민굴을 방문하다, 이광. 주목되지 않는, 주의되지 않는.

Upton Sinclair

195

him, and his mind was in a whirl. New paint on the house, and new weatherboards, where the old had begun to rot off, and the agent had got after them! New shingles over the hole in the roof, too, the hole that had for six months been the bane of his soul—he having no money to have it fixed and no time to fix it himself, and the rain leaking in, and overflowing the pots and pans he put to catch it, and flooding the attic and loosening the plaster. And now it was fixed! And the broken windowpane replaced! And curtains in the windows! New, white curtains, stiff and shiny! Then suddenly the front door opened. Jurgis stood, his chest heaving as he struggled to catch his breath. A boy had come out, a stranger to him; a big, fat, rosy-cheeked youngster, such as had never been seen in his home before.% Jurgis stared at the boy, fascinated. He came down the steps whistling, kicking off the snow. He stopped at the foot, and picked up some, and then leaned against the railing, making a snowball. A moment later he looked around and saw Jurgis, and their eyes met; it was a hostile glance, the boy evidently thinking that the other had suspicions of the snowball. When Jurgis started slowly across the street toward him, he gave a quick glance about, meditating retreat, but then he concluded to stand his ground. Jurgis took hold of the railing of the steps, for he was a little unsteady. "What—what are you doing here?" he managed to gasp. "Go on!" said the boy. "You—" Jurgis tried again. "What do you want here?" "Me?" answered the boy, angrily. "I live here." "You live here!" Jurgis panted. He turned white and clung more tightly to the railing. "You live here! Then where's my family?" The boy looked surprised. "Your family!" he echoed. And Jurgis started toward him. "I—this is my house!" he cried. "Come off!" said the boy; then suddenly the door upstairs opened, and he called: "Hey, ma! Here's a fellow says he owns this house."

Korean angrily: 노하여, 성나서, 화나서, 화내어. bane: 독, 파멸, 해, 파멸의 원인. flooding: 범람, 큰물, 홍수, 월경의 유출, 자극 범람법, 정동 범람법. ma: 엄마. overflowing: 넘쳐 흐르는. retreat: 퇴각, 묵상, 퇴각하다, 은퇴, 은퇴처, 쑥 들어가다, 정수, 물러나다, 뒤로 물리다, 귀영 나팔소리, 특히 말을 뒤로 물리다.

rot: 부패, 썩다, 썩음, 썩어 문드러지다, 부패물, 타락시키다, 부패시키다, 부패하다, 부패병, 헛소리, 타락. shingles: 대상포진, 대상 포진. shiny: 빛나는, 윤이 나는, 번쩍이는, 햇빛이 쬐는, 번들거리는, 해가 비치는, 닳아 빤질빤질한. snowball: 눈뭉치, 불두화나무, 차례차례 권유시키는 모금, 백발의 흑인, 점점 커지다, 에 눈덩이를

집어던지다, 스노볼, 까마귀밤나무의 꽃, 눈덩이 식으로 늘리다, 눈덩이식 모금, 눈싸움을 하다. unsteady: 불안정한, 미덥지 못한, 변하기쉬운, 소행이 나쁜, 변하기 쉬운, 불안정하게 하다, 행실이 단정치 못한, 몸가짐이 단정치 못한. whistling: 휘파람을 부는, 휘파람같은 소리를 내는, 천식, 휘파람. windowpane: 창유리. youngster: 어린이, 젊은이, 특히 소년.

196

The Jungle

A stout Irishwoman came to the top of the steps. demanded.%

"What's that?" she

Jurgis turned toward her. "Where is my family?" he cried, wildly. "I left them here! This is my home! What are you doing in my home?" The woman stared at him in frightened wonder, she must have thought she was dealing with a maniac—Jurgis looked like one. "Your home!" she echoed. "My home!" he half shrieked. "I lived here, I tell you." "You must be mistaken," she answered him. "No one ever lived here. This is a new house. They told us so. They—" "What have they done with my family?" shouted Jurgis, frantically. A light had begun to break upon the woman; perhaps she had had doubts of what "they" had told her. "I don't know where your family is," she said. "I bought the house only three days ago, and there was nobody here, and they told me it was all new. Do you really mean you had ever rented it?" "Rented it!" panted Jurgis. "I bought it! I paid for it! I own it! And they—my God, can't you tell me where my people went?" She made him understand at last that she knew nothing. Jurgis' brain was so confused that he could not grasp the situation. It was as if his family had been wiped out of existence; as if they were proving to be dream people, who never had existed at all. He was quite lost—but then suddenly he thought of Grandmother Majauszkiene, who lived in the next block. She would know! He turned and started at a run. Grandmother Majauszkiene came to the door herself. She cried out when she saw Jurgis, wild-eyed and shaking. Yes, yes, she could tell him. The family had moved; they had not been able to pay the rent and they had been turned out into the snow, and the house had been repainted and sold again the next week. No, she had not heard how they were, but she could tell him that they had gone back to Aniele Jukniene, with whom they had stayed when they first came to the yards. Wouldn't Jurgis come in and rest? It was certainly too bad—if only he had not got into jail—

Korean block: 막다, 봉쇄하다, 덩어리, 받침, 모탕, 불록-방해하다, 한 장씩 떼어 쓰게 된 것, 한 구획, 블록, 블록 하다, 막는 것. break: 부서지다, 깨뜨리다, 관계를 끊다, 돌발하다, 부수다, 무너지다, 교제를 끊다, 단절, 꺾이다, 꺾다, 그만두다. confused: 혼란스러운, 당황한, 혼란한, 어리둥절한, 지리멸렬한, 낭패한.

dealing: 관계, 취급, 교제, 거래, 행동, 교섭, 도름. existence: 존재, 생활, 실재, 생존, 실재물, 존재물. light: 빛, 밝은, 가벼운, 가볍게, 광명, 밝아지다, 내리다, 경쾌한, 조명, 불, 광선. nobody: 아무도 ... 않다, 하찮은 사람, 무명인, 보잘것 없는 사람, 보잘것없는 사람. paid: 유급의, 고용된, 지불필의,

현금으로 치른, 지불이 끝난. stared: 한 운명을 지닌, 별로 장식한, 별이 총총한, 별표가 있는. whom: 어느 것, 어느 사람, 누구의 목적격. wild-eyed: 과격한, 눈이 날카로운. wonder: 이 아닐까 생각하다, 놀라다, 놀라움, 이상하게 생각하다, 불가사의, 놀라운, 놀라운 사물, 경탄할 만한 사람, 경탄할 불가사의한 사람, 경이, 의심하다.

Upton Sinclair

197

And so Jurgis turned and staggered away. He did not go very far round the corner he gave out completely, and sat down on the steps of a saloon, and hid his face in his hands, and shook all over with dry, racking sobs.% Their home! Their home! They had lost it! Grief, despair, rage, overwhelmed him—what was any imagination of the thing to this heartbreaking, crushing reality of it—to the sight of strange people living in his house, hanging their curtains to his windows, staring at him with hostile eyes! It was monstrous, it was unthinkable— they could not do it—it could not be true! Only think what he had suffered for that house—what miseries they had all suffered for it—the price they had paid for it! The whole long agony came back to him. Their sacrifices in the beginning, their three hundred dollars that they had scraped together, all they owned in the world, all that stood between them and starvation! And then their toil, month by month, to get together the twelve dollars, and the interest as well, and now and then the taxes, and the other charges, and the repairs, and what not! Why, they had put their very souls into their payments on that house, they had paid for it with their sweat and tears—yes, more, with their very lifeblood. Dede Antanas had died of the struggle to earn that money—he would have been alive and strong today if he had not had to work in Durham's dark cellars to earn his share. And Ona, too, had given her health and strength to pay for it—she was wrecked and ruined because of it; and so was he, who had been a big, strong man three years ago, and now sat here shivering, broken, cowed, weeping like a hysterical child. Ah! they had cast their all into the fight; and they had lost, they had lost! All that they had paid was gone— every cent of it. And their house was gone— they were back where they had started from, flung out into the cold to starve and freeze! Jurgis could see all the truth now—could see himself, through the whole long course of events, the victim of ravenous vultures that had torn into his vitals and devoured him; of fiends that had racked and tortured him, mocking him, meantime, jeering in his face. Ah, God, the horror of it, the monstrous, hideous, demoniacal wickedness of it! He and his family, helpless women and children,

Korean cast: 던지다, 캐스트, 주조되다, 던지기, 해고하다, 향하다, 버리다, 경향, 주조하다, 배정하다, 계산하다. curtains: 한 권의 끝. demoniacal: 귀신 같은, 귀신의. dry: 마른, 마르다, 말리다, 건조한, 쌀쌀한, 바싹마른, 무미건조한, 가무는, 냉담한, 널다, 적나라한. fight: 전투, 전투력, 투지싸우다, 지휘하다, 움직이다, 싸워얻다, 다툼, 싸우게하다, 투쟁, 전의, 지휘

조종하다. imagination: 상상, 상상력, 창작력, 공상, 창조력, 심상, 구상력, 망상이해력. racking: 고문하는, 몸을 괴롭히는, 심한. ravenous: 굶주린, 게걸든, 게걸스럽게 먹는, 탐욕스런, 마구 먹어대는. reality: 현실, 실체, 사실, 실재, 박진성, 진실, 진실임, 현실성, 사실임, 실물과 꼭 같음, 본체.

struggle: 노력, 고투, 버둥질, 밀어 헤치고 나아가다, 고투하다, 격투, 노력하다, 발버둥질, 허위적거리다, 몸부림, 몸부림치다. truth: 성실, 진실, 진리, 사실, 정직, 사실은, 사실을 말하면, 정말, 박진성. twelve: 십이의 기호, 열두의, 열두개 한 조의 것, 열두개의, 열두시, 열두, 열두명 한 조의 것. vitals: 생식기. wickedness: 사악함, 심술궂음, 사악.

198

The Jungle

struggling%to live, ignorant and defenseless and forlorn as they were—and the enemies that had been lurking for them, crouching upon their trail and thirsting for their blood! That first lying circular, that smooth-tongued slippery agent! That trap of the extra payments, the interest, and all the other charges that they had not the means to pay, and would never have attempted to pay! And then all the tricks of the packers, their masters, the tyrants who ruled them— the shutdowns and the scarcity of work, the irregular hours and the cruel speedingup, the lowering of wages, the raising of prices! The mercilessness of nature about them, of heat and cold, rain and snow; the mercilessness of the city, of the country in which they lived, of its laws and customs that they did not understand! All of these things had worked together for the company that had marked them for its prey and was waiting for its chance. And now, with this last hideous injustice, its time had come, and it had turned them out bag and baggage, and taken their house and sold it again! And they could do nothing, they were tied hand and foot—the law was against them, the whole machinery of society was at their oppressors' command! If Jurgis so much as raised a hand against them, back he would go into that wild-beast pen from which he had just escaped! To get up and go away was to give up, to acknowledge defeat, to leave the strange family in possession; and Jurgis might have sat shivering in the rain for hours before he could do that, had it not been for the thought of his family. It might be that he had worse things yet to learn—and so he got to his feet and started away, walking on, wearily, half-dazed. To Aniele's house, in back of the yards, was a good two miles; the distance had never seemed longer to Jurgis, and when he saw the familiar dingy-gray shanty his heart was beating fast. He ran up the steps and began to hammer upon the door. The old woman herself came to open it. She had shrunk all up with her rheumatism since Jurgis had seen her last, and her yellow parchment face stared up at him from a little above the level of the doorknob. She gave a start when she saw him. "Is Ona here?" he cried, breathlessly.

Korean attempted: 미수의, 기도한. customs: 세관. defeat: 패배, 타파, 격파하다, 지우다, 방해하다, 과기, 무효로 하다, 좌절, 격파, 무효로 하다-격파, 쳐부수다. defenseless: 무방비의. forlorn: 고독한, 버림받은, 비참한, 절망적인. irregular: 불규칙한, 변칙적인, 반칙의, 고르지않은, 갖추지 못한, 고르지 못한, 비정규군, 규격에 맞지 않는

상품, 규율없는, 규율이 없는, 난잡한. lowering: 내려가는, 비천한, 저하시키는, 저하, 낮게 하는. machinery: 기계, 조직, 기관, 꾸밈, 초자연적사건, 기계장치, 기구, 기계 장치, 기계류. parchment: 양피지, 양피지의 문서, 양피지비슷한 종이, 비슷한 종이, 양피지의. possession: 소유, 영지, 점유, 편애, 선입관, 속령, 소유물, 자제,

소유물.재산, 재산, 흘림. scarcity: 부족, 결핍, 기근, 식량난, 품귀. smooth-tongued: 감언이설의, 구변이 좋은. trail: 기다, 오솔길, 질질 끌리다, 질질 끌다, 점점 사라지다, 자국, 길게 이야기하다, 의 뒤를 쫓다, 늘어지다, 밟아서 길을 내다, 발을 끌며 걷다. wearily: 지쳐서, 피곤한 듯이, 싫증나서, 질려서, 질려서 물려서.

Upton Sinclair

199

"Yes," was the answer, "she's here." "How—" Jurgis began, and then stopped short, clutching convulsively at the side of the door. From somewhere within the house had come a sudden cry, a wild, horrible scream of anguish. And the voice was Ona's. For a moment Jurgis stood half-paralyzed with fright; then he bounded past the old woman and into the room.% It was Aniele's kitchen, and huddled round the stove were half a dozen women, pale and frightened. One of them started to her feet as Jurgis entered; she was haggard and frightfully thin, with one arm tied up in bandages—he hardly realized that it was Marija. He looked first for Ona; then, not seeing her, he stared at the women, expecting them to speak. But they sat dumb, gazing back at him, panic-stricken; and a second later came another piercing scream. It was from the rear of the house, and upstairs. Jurgis bounded to a door of the room and flung it open; there was a ladder leading through a trap door to the garret, and he was at the foot of it when suddenly he heard a voice behind him, and saw Marija at his heels. She seized him by the sleeve with her good hand, panting wildly, "No, no, Jurgis! Stop!" "What do you mean?" he gasped. "You mustn't go up," she cried. Jurgis was half-crazed with bewilderment and fright. "What's the matter?" he shouted. "What is it?" Marija clung to him tightly; he could hear Ona sobbing and moaning above, and he fought to get away and climb up, without waiting for her reply. "No, no," she rushed on. "Jurgis! You mustn't go up! It's—it's the child!" "The child?" he echoed in perplexity. "Antanas?" Marija answered him, in a whisper: "The new one!" And then Jurgis went limp, and caught himself on the ladder. He stared at her as if she were a ghost. "The new one!" he gasped. "But it isn't time," he added, wildly.

Korean climb: 오르다, 오르는 곳, 기어오르다, 타다, 급히 입다, 감기어 뻗어 오르다, 승진, 승진하다, 오름, 떠오르다, 상승. frightfully: 지독히, 무시무시하게, 무섭게, 몹시. ladder: 사닥다리, 연줄, 사닥다리 모양의 것. limp: 유연한, 흐늘흐늘한, 절뚝거림, 절뚝거리다, 약한, 표지 따위 판지를 쓰지 않은, 판지를 쓰지 않은,

절름발이, 절름거리다, 약하디 약한. piercing: 꿰찌르는, 날카로운, 뼈에 사무치는, 통찰력 있는, 꿰뚫는. reply: 대답하다, 대답, 반향하다, 응답하다, 응전, 응전하다, 응하다, 회답, 대꾸하다, 항변하다, 응수. seeing: 이므로, 인 사실을 생각하면, 봄. sleeve: 소매, 을 몰래 준비하다, 소매를 달다, 소매자락, 슬리브관, 커버.

somewhere: 어딘 가에, 어느땐가, 어디론가, 약, 어딘가에, 어딘가. thin: 드문드문한, 얇은, 가는, 묽은, 빈약한, 야위다, 천박한, 얼마 안되는, 얇게하다, 약해지다, 약하게 하다. upstairs: 위층에, 위층, 이층, 상공에, 한층 높은 지위에, 위층에서, 한층 높은 그러나 별로 권위가 없는 지위에, 이층의, 이층으로, 이층에, 고공에.

200

The Jungle

Marija nodded. "I know," she said; "but it's come." And then again came Ona's scream, smiting him like a blow in the face, making him wince and turn white. Her voice died away into a wail— then he heard her sobbing again, "My God—let me die, let me die!" And Marija hung her arms about him, crying: "Come out! Come away!" She dragged him back into the kitchen, half carrying him, for he had gone all to pieces. It was as if the pillars of his soul had fallen in—he was blasted with horror. In the room he sank into a chair, trembling like a leaf, Marija still holding him, and the women staring at him in dumb, helpless fright.% And then again Ona cried out; he could hear it nearly as plainly here, and he staggered to his feet. "How long has this been going on?" he panted. "Not very long," Marija answered, and then, at a signal from Aniele, she rushed on: "You go away, Jurgis you can't help—go away and come back later. It's all right—it's—" "Who's with her?" Jurgis demanded; and then, seeing Marija hesitating, he cried again, "Who's with her?" "She's—she's all right," she answered. "Elzbieta's with her." "But the doctor!" he panted. "Some one who knows!" He seized Marija by the arm; she trembled, and her voice sank beneath a whisper as she replied, "We—we have no money." Then, frightened at the look on his face, she exclaimed: "It's all right, Jurgis! You don't understand—go away—go away! Ah, if you only had waited!" Above her protests Jurgis heard Ona again; he was almost out of his mind. It was all new to him, raw and horrible—it had fallen upon him like a lightning stroke. When little Antanas was born he had been at work, and had known nothing about it until it was over; and now he was not to be controlled. The frightened women were at their wits' end; one after another they tried to reason with him, to make him understand that this was the lot of woman. In the end they half drove him out into the rain, where he began to pace up and down, bareheaded and frantic. Because he could hear Ona from the street, he would

Korean bareheaded: 맨손의. beneath: 아래쪽에, 가치조차 없는, 못하여, 어울리지 않는, 바로 아래에, 의 바로 밑에, 아래에, 아래서, 바로 아래쪽에, 할 가치 없는, 땅 속에. blasted: 저주받은, 시든, 결단난, 폭파된. blow: 강타, 불다, 개화, 바람에 날리다, 취주, 타격, 한번 불기, 휘몰아치다, 산란, 폭발하다, 낭비하다.

controlled: 조심스런, 관리된, 억제된, 그대로의, 버릇없는 사람, 심한. 지배하의, 통제된. signal: 신호, 신호의, 의 전조가 되다, die: 주사위, 죽다, 소멸하다, 거푸집, 훌륭한, 짝패에게 보내는 암호의 수, 나사틀, 희미해지다, 화인, 죽을 것 군호, 신호로 알리다, 뛰어난, 도화선, 같다, 주사위꼴로 자른 것, 주사위 신호를 보내다, 신호기. 도박, 점점 작아지다. stroke: 한바탕 일하기, 치는 소리, fallen: 타락한, 쓰러진, 파멸한, 죽은, 고동, 쓰다듬다, 맥박, 어루만지다, 한 떨어진, 전복된. 칼, 한 번 움직임, 한 번 손발 놀리기, raw: 껍질이 벗겨진, 가공하지 않은, 한 번 새김, 침. 미숙한, 날것의, 노골적인, 물타지 wince: 주춤하다, 주춤함, 움츠리다, 않은, 가공하지 않은 것, 생것, 원료 움츠림, 질겁.

Upton Sinclair

201

first go away to escape the sounds, and then come back because he could not help it. At the end of a quarter of an hour he rushed up the steps again, and for fear that he would break in the door they had to open it and let him in.% There was no arguing with him. They could not tell him that all was going well—how could they know, he cried—why, she was dying, she was being torn to pieces! Listen to her—listen! Why, it was monstrous—it could not be allowed—there must be some help for it! Had they tried to get a doctor? They might pay him afterward—they could promise— "We couldn't promise, Jurgis," protested Marija. "We had no money— we have scarcely been able to keep alive." "But I can work," Jurgis exclaimed. "I can earn money!" "Yes," she answered—"but we thought you were in jail. How could we know when you would return? They will not work for nothing." Marija went on to tell how she had tried to find a midwife, and how they had demanded ten, fifteen, even twenty-five dollars, and that in cash. "And I had only a quarter," she said. "I have spent every cent of my money—all that I had in the bank; and I owe the doctor who has been coming to see me, and he has stopped because he thinks I don't mean to pay him. And we owe Aniele for two weeks' rent, and she is nearly starving, and is afraid of being turned out. We have been borrowing and begging to keep alive, and there is nothing more we can do—" "And the children?" cried Jurgis. "The children have not been home for three days, the weather has been so bad. They could not know what is happening—it came suddenly, two months before we expected it." Jurgis was standing by the table, and he caught himself with his hand; his head sank and his arms shook—it looked as if he were going to collapse. Then suddenly Aniele got up and came hobbling toward him, fumbling in her skirt pocket. She drew out a dirty rag, in one corner of which she had something tied. "Here, Jurgis!" she said, "I have some money. Palauk! See!"

Korean collapse: 무너지다, 쇠약해지다, 붕괴, 접다, 좌절하다, 접어지다, 무너뜨리다, 허탈하다, 무너짐, 허탈케하다, 폭락하다. dirty: 더러운, 비열한, 추잡한, 날씨가 엄청 더운, 사나운, 날씨가 사나운, 더럽히다, 마약 중독의, 방사능이 많은, 흐린, 상스러운. midwife: 조산원, 산파. owe: 빚이 있다, 빚지고 있다, 은혜를 입고 있다, 을 반제할 의무가 있다, 을

지불할 의무가 있다, 의무를 지고 경계를 접하다, 에 자락을달다, 가를 있다, 지고 있다. 따라가다, 계집, 변두리, 가장자리, pieces: 산산조각. 자락, 가장자리를 따라 가다, 교외. quarter: 소식통, 숙박시키다, standing: 지위, 상비의, 서 있음, 네갈래로 찢다, 쿼터, 주거, 지구, 영구적인, 존속, 괴어 있는, 명성, 짐승의 네 발의 하나, 부서, 십오분, 입목, 관에 박힌, 베지 않은, 서 있는. 사분의 한1발, 병사. weather: 풍화시키다, 바람 불어오는 rag: 넝마, 조각, 꾸짖다, 단편, 놀리다, 쪽의, 일기, 의 바람을 거슬러 달리다, 장난치다, 신문, 법석, 누더기, 막, 외기에 쐬어 변화하다, 외기에 쐬다, 지폐. 얼근히 취하여, 비바람에 맞히다, skirt: 스커트, 변두리에 있다, 과 말리다, 뚫고 나아가다, 황천.

202

The Jungle

She unwrapped it and counted it out—thirty-four cents. "You go, now," she said, "and try and get somebody yourself. And maybe the rest can help—give him some money, you; he will pay you back some day, and it will do him good to have something to think about, even if he doesn't succeed. When he comes back, maybe it will be over." And so the other women turned out the contents of their pocketbooks; most of them had only pennies and nickels, but they gave him all. Mrs. Olszewski, who lived next door, and had a husband who was a skilled cattle butcher, but a drinking man, gave nearly half a dollar, enough to raise the whole sum to a dollar and a quarter. Then Jurgis thrust it into his pocket, still holding it tightly in his fist, and started away at a run.%

Korean butcher: 도살하다, 판매원, 학살자, 정성들여, 가까이에 접근하여, 잇따라 일어나다, 계속되다, 학살하다, 도살업자, 외과의사, 권투 꼼꼼하게, 대략, 간신히, 아주, 입신하다, 의 뒤를 잇다, 계승하다, 의 선수, 푸주한. 긴밀하게, 정밀하게. 자리를 계승하다, 후임이 되다. contents: 찬성 투표, 찬성 투표자. raise: 세우다, 제기하다, 올리다, sum: 금액, 합계, 요점, 총계, 절정, fist: 필적, 주먹, 주먹으로 치다, 손, 승진시키다, 일으키다, 지르다, 개략, 요약하다, 이 도, 개요, 합집합, 손가락표, 손표, 손가락 표, 조종하다, 높이다, 소생시키다, 늘리다, 기르다, 의 개요를 설명하다. 주먹으로 때리다, 파악. 모으다. thrust: 밀다, 찌르다, 찔러넣다, 공격, husband: 남편, 절약하다, 절약가, rest: 쉬다, 쉼표, 휴식, 대, 휴식하다, 습격, 돌진하다, 찌르기, 혹평, 남편이 되다, 검약하다. 수면, 영면하다, 휴양, 휴지, 안심, 밀치다, 밀기, 돌격. mrs: 여사, 부인, 님. 안심하고 있다. yourself: 당신 자신, 정상적인 당신, nearly: 거의, 밀접하게, 가까스로, succeed: 에 계속하다, 성공하다, 평소의 당신.

Upton Sinclair

203

CHAPTER 19

"Madame Haupt, Hebamme, ran a sign, swinging from a second-story window over a saloon on the avenue; at a side door was another sign, with a hand pointing up a dingy flight of stairs. Jurgis went up them, three at a time.% Madame Haupt was frying pork and onions, and had her door half open to let out the smoke. When he tried to knock upon it, it swung open the rest of the way, and he had a glimpse of her, with a black bottle turned up to her lips. Then he knocked louder, and she started and put it away. She was a Dutchwoman, enormously fat—when she walked she rolled like a small boat on the ocean, and the dishes in the cupboard jostled each other. She wore a filthy blue wrapper, and her teeth were black. "Vot is it?" she said, when she saw Jurgis. He had run like mad all the way and was so out of breath he could hardly speak. His hair was flying and his eyes wild—he looked like a man that had risen from the tomb. "My wife!" he panted. "Come quickly!" Madame Haupt set the frying pan to one side and wiped her hands on her wrapper. "You vant me to come for a case?" she inquired. "Yes," gasped Jurgis. "I haf yust come back from a case," she said. "I haf had no time to eat my dinner. Still—if it is so bad—"

Korean blue: 푸른, 우울한, 학식이 있는, 엄격한, 푸른 옷을 입은, 음란한, 남빛, 우울한-파랑, 음울한, 창백한, 파란색. boat: 보트, 기선, 나르다, 배에 싣다, 배 모양의 그릇-배로 가다, 배, 배에 태우다, 보트를 타다, 자동차, 배 모양의 그릇. bottle: 술, 병에 담다, 병, 억누르다, 젖병, 붙잡다, 용기, 포유병, 붙들다, 한 병의 분량, 단.

cupboard: 벽장, 찬장, 식기장, 작은장. dinner: 정찬, 오찬, 만찬, 정식, 식사를 하다, 공식 오찬, 공식 만찬. flying: 나는 듯이 빠른, 나는, 질주, 비행, 공중에 뜨는, 급히 서두르는, 솜나부랑이, 공중에 떠도는, 흩날리는 것, 펄럭이는, 뛰어 달아나는. glimpse: 흘긋 보다, 희미하게 보이다, 흘긋봄, 일견, 힐끗 보다, 힐끗 보이다. pan: 접시, 상판대기, 혹평하다, 판의

신, 약실, 스모그 중의 질소산화물, 염소의 뿔과 다리를 가졌으며 피리를 붊, 사금이 나오다, 납작한 냄비, 을 찰영하다, 좌우로 움직이다. sign: 기호, 간판, 표시, 손짓, 서명시켜 고용하다, 기적, 서명하다, 징후, 신호하다, 사인, 길잡이. tried: 시험이 끝난, 확실한, 시험을 마친. wrapper: 실내복, 포장지, 포장하는 사람, 겉잎, 싸는 것, 싸는 사람.

204

The Jungle

"Yes—it is!" cried he. "Vell, den, perhaps—vot you pay?" "I—I—how much do you want?" Jurgis stammered.% "Tventy-five dollars." His face fell. "I can't pay that," he said. The woman was watching him narrowly. "How much do you pay?" she demanded. "Must I pay now—right away?" "Yes; all my customers do." "I—I haven't much money," Jurgis began in an agony of dread. "I've been in— in trouble—and my money is gone. But I'll pay you— every cent—just as soon as I can; I can work—" "Vot is your work?" "I have no place now. I must get one. But I—" "How much haf you got now?" He could hardly bring himself to reply. When he said "A dollar and a quarter," the woman laughed in his face. "I vould not put on my hat for a dollar and a quarter," she said. "It's all I've got," he pleaded, his voice breaking. "I must get some one—my wife will die. I can't help it—I—" Madame Haupt had put back her pork and onions on the stove. She turned to him and answered, out of the steam and noise: "Git me ten dollars cash, und so you can pay me the rest next mont'." "I can't do it—I haven't got it!" Jurgis protested. "I tell you I have only a dollar and a quarter." The woman turned to her work. "I don't believe you," she said. "Dot is all to try to sheat me. Vot is de reason a big man like you has got only a dollar und a quarter?" "I've just been in jail," Jurgis cried—he was ready to get down upon his knees to the woman—"and I had no money before, and my family has almost starved."

Korean bring: 제기하다, 이끌다, 초래하다, 일으키다, 낳다, 데리고오다, 가지고오다, 가져오다, 갖다 주다, 이르게 하다. cash: 소액 화폐, 현금, 현금으로 바꾸다, 현찰, 돈, 맞돈, 수표, 엽전, 즉시불, 현금현금으로 지불하다. de: 의, 에서, 에 속한의 뜻. den: 굴, 소굴, 작고 아늑한 사실, 밀실, 사실, 유년단의 분대. fell: 벌채, 공그르기, 쳐서 넘어

뜨리다, 내리다, 내려가다, 드리워지다, 쓰러지다, 수피, 새어 나오다, 넘어가다, 다가오다. madame: 여류가수, 등의 총칭, 마담, 부인. narrowly: 좁게, 간신히, 가까스로, 편협하게, 엄밀히, 정밀하게, 도량이 좁게. noise: 소음, 잡음, 소리, 평판, 소리를 내다, 시끄러움, 야단, 떠들다, 소란, 소문을 내다, 소문을 퍼뜨리다.

ready: 즉석의, 재빠른, 하기 쉬운, 준비시키다, 준비된, 편리한, 준비를 갖춘, 준비가 되어 있는, 채비가된, 사격 준비 자세를 취한, 준비하다. reason: 이유, 논하다, 추론하다, 설복하다, 이성, 동기, 도리, 분별, 제정신, 추리력, 추리하다. soon: 빨리, 기꺼이, 곧, 이내, 이윽고, 하자마자, 하자 마자, 하고 싶다, 보다는 차라리, 일찍.

Upton Sinclair

205

"Vere is your friends, dot ought to help you?" "They are all poor," he answered. everything I can—"

"They gave me this.

I have done

"Haven't you got notting you can sell?" "I have nothing, I tell you—I have nothing," he cried, frantically.% "Can't you borrow it, den? Don't your store people trust you?" Then, as he shook his head, she went on: "Listen to me—if you git me you vill be glad of it. I vill save your wife und baby for you, and it vill not seem like mooch to you in de end. If you loose dem now how you tink you feel den? Und here is a lady dot knows her business—I could send you to people in dis block, und dey vould tell you—" Madame Haupt was pointing her cooking-fork at Jurgis persuasively; but her words were more than he could bear. He flung up his hands with a gesture of despair and turned and started away. "It's no use," he exclaimed—but suddenly he heard the woman's voice behind him again— "I vill make it five dollars for you." She followed behind him, arguing with him. "You vill be foolish not to take such an offer," she said. "You von't find nobody go out on a rainy day like dis for less. Vy, I haf never took a case in my life so sheap as dot. I couldn't pay mine room rent—" Jurgis interrupted her with an oath of rage. "If I haven't got it," he shouted, "how can I pay it? Damn it, I would pay you if I could, but I tell you I haven't got it. I haven't got it! Do you hear me I haven't got it!" He turned and started away again. He was halfway down the stairs before Madame Haupt could shout to him: "Vait! I vill go mit you! Come back!" He went back into the room again. "It is not goot to tink of anybody suffering," she said, in a melancholy voice. "I might as vell go mit you for noffing as vot you offer me, but I vill try to help you. How far is it?"

Korean anybody: 누군가, 누구도, 아무도, 어엿한 인물, 누구든지, 아무도어엿한 인물. bear: 곰, 견디다, 가지다, 지니다, 덮치다, 하기에 족하다, 받치다, 나르다, 난폭자, 배겨내다, 지탱하다. dey: 태수의 칭호, 옛 알제리 지방장관의 칭호. dot: 점, 점을찍다, 점재, 점재시키다, 여자 이름, 점점이 산재시키다, 점같이 작은 것, 아내의 지참금,

적어두다, 에 점을 찍다. gesture: 몸짓, 손짓, 제스처, 태도, 선전적 행위, 거동, 기미, 의사 표시, 행위, 몸짓하기. halfway: 중도의, 반쯤, 어중된, 어느 정도, 도중의, 중도에서. mine: 광산, 풍부한 자원, 지뢰, 나의 것, 기뢰, 나의 가족들 광산, 철광, 보고, 광갱, 비밀수단으로 파괴하다, 비밀수단으로 뒤엎다. mooch: 우려내다, 건들 건들 거닐다,

배회하다, 훔치다, 살금살금 걷다, 돈을 구걸하다, 구걸하다, 음식을 구걸하다. persuasively: 설득력 있게. rainy: 비의, 비에 젖은, 비많은, 비 섞인, 비가 많이 오는, 비가 올 듯한, 우천의, 비가오는, 우기. shout: 외침, 외치다, 승부는 났다, 소리침, 소리치다, 부르짓다, 떠들어 대다, 고함치다, 큰소리로 말하다, 한턱낼 차례, 큰소리.

206

The Jungle

"Three or four blocks from here." "Tree or four! Und so I shall get soaked! Gott in Himmel, it ought to be vorth more! Vun dollar und a quarter, und a day like dis!— But you understand now—you vill pay me de rest of twenty-five dollars soon?" "As soon as I can." "Some time dis mont'?" "Yes, within a month," said poor Jurgis. "Anything! Hurry up!" "Vere is de dollar und a quarter?" persisted Madame Haupt, relentlessly.% Jurgis put the money on the table and the woman counted it and stowed it away. Then she wiped her greasy hands again and proceeded to get ready, complaining all the time; she was so fat that it was painful for her to move, and she grunted and gasped at every step. She took off her wrapper without even taking the trouble to turn her back to Jurgis, and put on her corsets and dress. Then there was a black bonnet which had to be adjusted carefully, and an umbrella which was mislaid, and a bag full of necessaries which had to be collected from here and there—the man being nearly crazy with anxiety in the meantime. When they were on the street he kept about four paces ahead of her, turning now and then, as if he could hurry her on by the force of his desire. But Madame Haupt could only go so far at a step, and it took all her attention to get the needed breath for that. They came at last to the house, and to the group of frightened women in the kitchen. It was not over yet, Jurgis learned—he heard Ona crying still; and meantime Madame Haupt removed her bonnet and laid it on the mantelpiece, and got out of her bag, first an old dress and then a saucer of goose grease, which she proceeded to rub upon her hands. The more cases this goose grease is used in, the better luck it brings to the midwife, and so she keeps it upon her kitchen mantelpiece or stowed away in a cupboard with her dirty clothes, for months, and sometimes even for years. Then they escorted her to the ladder, and Jurgis heard her give an exclamation of dismay. "Gott in Himmel, vot for haf you brought me to a place

Korean anxiety: 걱정, 불안, 열망, 근심, 재봉사의 다리미, 구우즈. 걱정거리, 염원. greasy: 알랑거리는, 진창의, bonnet: 덮개, 보닛, 남자모자, 미끈미끈한, 기름을 바른, 기름기 여자모자, 테 없는 모자, 공모자. 많은, 기름투성이의, 번질번질한, collected: 모은, 침착한, 수집한, 기름 바른. 태연자약. hurry: 서두르다, 서두름, 허둥대어, fat: 지방, 살찐, 기름기, 살찌다, 급함, 서두르게하다, 쉽사리, 서두를 지방이 많은, 풍부한, 유복한, 둔감한, 필요, 사구, 서두르게 하다, 진음곡, 비옥한, 윤택, 비만. 열심. goose: 거위, 바보, 거위고기, 대형 kitchen: 부엌, 주방, 부엌의, 다리미, 얼간이, 충실하여, 야유, 부엌용의.

luck: 행운, 불행히도, 운, 불운. mantelpiece: 벽로의 앞 장식, 벽로의 장식, 벽난로의 앞장식, 벽난로 선반. removed: 떨어진, 먼, 촌의, 관계가 먼, 등친의, 제거된, 죽은, 거리가 떨어진. saucer: 받침접시, 받침 접시, 받침 접시 모양의 것, 화분의 밑받침. umbrella: 우산, 핵우산, 지상군 원호 항공대, 보호, 포괄적인, 우산의, 우산으로 보호하다, 우산으로 가리다, 양산, 상공 엄호, 삿갓.

Upton Sinclair

207

like dis? I could not climb up dot ladder. I could not git troo a trap door! I vill not try it—vy, I might kill myself already. Vot sort of a place is dot for a woman to bear a child in— up in a garret, mit only a ladder to it? You ought to be ashamed of yourselves!" Jurgis stood in the doorway and listened to her scolding, half drowning out the horrible moans and screams of Ona.% At last Aniele succeeded in pacifying her, and she essayed the ascent; then, however, she had to be stopped while the old woman cautioned her about the floor of the garret. They had no real floor—they had laid old boards in one part to make a place for the family to live; it was all right and safe there, but the other part of the garret had only the joists of the floor, and the lath and plaster of the ceiling below, and if one stepped on this there would be a catastrophe. As it was half dark up above, perhaps one of the others had best go up first with a candle. Then there were more outcries and threatening, until at last Jurgis had a vision of a pair of elephantine legs disappearing through the trap door, and felt the house shake as Madame Haupt started to walk. Then suddenly Aniele came to him and took him by the arm. "Now," she said, "you go away. Do as I tell you—you have done all you can, and you are only in the way. Go away and stay away." "But where shall I go?" Jurgis asked, helplessly. "I don't know where," she answered. "Go on the street, if there is no other place—only go! And stay all night!" In the end she and Marija pushed him out of the door and shut it behind him. It was just about sundown, and it was turning cold— the rain had changed to snow, and the slush was freezing. Jurgis shivered in his thin clothing, and put his hands into his pockets and started away. He had not eaten since morning, and he felt weak and ill; with a sudden throb of hope he recollected he was only a few blocks from the saloon where he had been wont to eat his dinner. They might have mercy on him there, or he might meet a friend. He set out for the place as fast as he could walk. "Hello, Jack," said the saloonkeeper, when he entered—they call all foreigners and unskilled men "Jack" in Packingtown. "Where've you been?"

Korean ascent: 오르막, 오름, 상승, 등산, 사승, 오르막길, 올라감. candle: 양초, 촉광, 빛을 내는 것, 촛불에 비추어 살피다, 등불에 비쳐서 조사하다, 재산을 낭비하다, 양초 모양의 것, 별, 등불. catastrophe: 대단원, 파국, 대이변, 대실패, 파멸, 지각의 격변, 튼 재앙, 큰재변, 대참사. ceiling: 천장, 한계, 최고한도, 천장판자, 운저고도, 운고, 상승한도,

상승한계, 내장판자, 상승 한계, 최고 한도. drowning: 물에 빠져 있는, 이해할 수 없는, 혼란한. elephantine: 코끼리의, 거대한, 느린, 볼품없는. fast: 빠른, 빨리, 단단한, 저항력이 있는, 굳게, 방탕하여, 착착, 단식하다, 푹, 재빠른, 고감도의. hello: 여보세요, 어이, 여보, 어머, 안녕하세요, 안녕.

helplessly: 의지할 데 없이, 어쩔 도리없이, 어찌할 수 없이, 의지할 데 없는, 힘없이. myself: 나 자신, 내자신, 자기. pair: 한 쌍, 부부, 한자루, 두 필의 말, 둘이 한 쌍, 약혼한 남녀, 한 쪽, 한 쌍의 남녀, 한 쌍이 되다, 한 쌍으로 하다, 한쪽. threatening: 험악한, 위협적인, 일너날 듯이, 찌푸린, 협박하는, 위험한, 일어날 듯한, 협박적인.

208

The Jungle

Jurgis went straight to the bar. "I've been in jail," he said, "and I've just got out. I walked home all the way, and I've not a cent, and had nothing to eat since this morning. And I've lost my home, and my wife's ill, and I'm done up." The saloonkeeper gazed at him, with his haggard white face and his blue trembling lips. Then he pushed a big bottle toward him. "Fill her up!" he said.% Jurgis could hardly hold the bottle, his hands shook so. "Don't be afraid," said the saloonkeeper, "fill her up!" So Jurgis drank a large glass of whisky, and then turned to the lunch counter, in obedience to the other's suggestion. He ate all he dared, stuffing it in as fast as he could; and then, after trying to speak his gratitude, he went and sat down by the big red stove in the middle of the room. It was too good to last, however—like all things in this hard world. His soaked clothing began to steam, and the horrible stench of fertilizer to fill the room. In an hour or so the packing houses would be closing and the men coming in from their work; and they would not come into a place that smelt of Jurgis. Also it was Saturday night, and in a couple of hours would come a violin and a cornet, and in the rear part of the saloon the families of the neighborhood would dance and feast upon wienerwurst and lager, until two or three o'clock in the morning. The saloon-keeper coughed once or twice, and then remarked, "Say, Jack, I'm afraid you'll have to quit." He was used to the sight of human wrecks, this saloonkeeper; he "fired" dozens of them every night, just as haggard and cold and forlorn as this one. But they were all men who had given up and been counted out, while Jurgis was still in the fight, and had reminders of decency about him. As he got up meekly, the other reflected that he had always been a steady man, and might soon be a good customer again. "You've been up against it, I see," he said. "Come this way." In the rear of the saloon were the cellar stairs. There was a door above and another below, both safely padlocked, making the stairs an admirable place to stow away a customer who might still chance to have money, or a political light whom it was not advisable to kick out of doors.

Korean admirable: 훌륭한, 좋다, 칭찬할 만한. cornet: 코넷, 기병대 기수, 흰 모자, 신호기, 코넷 주자, 코넷 음전, 원뿔꼴의 종이 봉지, 나팔, 종이봉지, 원뿔 꼴의 종이 봉지. counter: 계산대, 판매대, 반대, 득점, 역, 모조 화폐, 반대의, 계수기, 계산인, 고물의 내민 부분, 계수관. dance: 춤추다, 뛰다, 흔들거리다, 댄스, 춤을 추다, 춤추어 이르게 하다, 춤추어 어떤 상태에 이르게 하다, 춤,

춤추게 하다, 무도술, 무도법. gratitude: 감사. kick: 차다, 해고, 총이 반동으로 튀다, 차기, 반동, 흥분, 반항하다, 반항, 골에 공을 차넣다, 드릴, 반동으로 치다. lager: 저장맥주, 라거비어, 저장 맥주, 라거. meekly: 온순하게, 유화하게. obedience: 복종, 귀의, 교회의 권위, 지배.

safely: 몹시 조심하는, 무사한, 믿을 수 있는, 틀림없는, 안전한, 안전하게. smelt: 용해하다, 제련하다, 빙어, 빙어 무리의 식용어. stow: 밀항하다, 챙겨 넣다, 가득 채우다, 집어 챙겨 넣다, 중지하다, 집어 넣다. whisky: 위스키, 위스키 위스키의, 경장 이륜 마차의 일종, 그 한잔. wienerwurst: 비엔나 소세지, 비엔나소시지.

Upton Sinclair

209

So Jurgis spent the night. The whisky had only half warmed him, and he could not sleep, exhausted as he was; he would nod forward, and then start up, shivering with the cold, and begin to remember again. Hour after hour passed, until he could only persuade himself that it was not morning by the sounds of music and laughter and singing that were to be heard from the room. When at last these ceased, he expected that he would be turned out into the street; as this did not happen, he fell to wondering whether the man had forgotten him.% In the end, when the silence and suspense were no longer to be borne, he got up and hammered on the door; and the proprietor came, yawning and rubbing his eyes. He was keeping open all night, and dozing between customers. "I want to go home," Jurgis said. "I'm worried about my wife—I can't wait any longer." "Why the hell didn't you say so before?" said the man. "I thought you didn't have any home to go to." Jurgis went outside. It was four o'clock in the morning, and as black as night. There were three or four inches of fresh snow on the ground, and the flakes were falling thick and fast. He turned toward Aniele's and started at a run. There was a light burning in the kitchen window and the blinds were drawn. The door was unlocked and Jurgis rushed in. Aniele, Marija, and the rest of the women were huddled about the stove, exactly as before; with them were several newcomers, Jurgis noticed— also he noticed that the house was silent. "Well?" he said. No one answered him, they sat staring at him with their pale faces. He cried again: "Well?" And then, by the light of the smoky lamp, he saw Marija who sat nearest him, shaking her head slowly. "Not yet," she said. And Jurgis gave a cry of dismay. "Not yet?" Again Marija's head shook. The poor fellow stood dumfounded. "I don't hear her," he gasped.

Korean begin: 착수하다, 시작되다, 시작하다, 말하기 시작하다, 할 것 같지 않다, 하기 시작하다. drawn: 비긴, 빼낸, 속을빼낸, 찡그린, 잡아뽑은, 내장을 따낸, 잡아당겨 늘어진, 잡아당겨 일그러진, 그어진. falling: 낙하, 타락, 함락, 떨어지는, 전도, 내리는, 추락, 하락하는, 타락하는, 강하, 붕괴. fresh: 새로운, 신선한, 뻔뻔스러운, 원기좋은, 건방진, 경험이없는,

상쾌한, 선명한, 새로이, 초기, 새롭게하다. hammered: 해머로 단조한. keeping: 부양, 유지, 조화, 관리, 보존, 축하, 보관, 일치. lamp: 램프, 광명, 등불, 애써 쓴 형적이 뚜렷하다, 전등, 지식 따위의 광명, 눈, 마음 따위의 광명, 비추다, 빛나다. silence: 묵살, 무소식, 침묵, 침묵을 지킴, 침묵시키는 사람, 침묵 지키다,

잠잠하게 하다, 소음장치, 비밀, 망각, 조용히. silent: 조용한, 활동하지 않는, 묵음의, 무언의, 무언으로, 침묵하는, 조용히, 잠자코, 익명의, 침묵을 지키는, 소식이 없는. suspense: 걱정, 서스펜스, 미결정, 불안, 이도저도 아님, 정지, 미결. worried: 당혹한, 걱정스런, 곤란한, 걱정스러운.

210

The Jungle

"She's been quiet a long time," replied the other.% There was another pause—broken suddenly by a voice from the attic: "Hello, there!" Several of the women ran into the next room, while Marija sprang toward Jurgis. "Wait here!" she cried, and the two stood, pale and trembling, listening. In a few moments it became clear that Madame Haupt was engaged in descending the ladder, scolding and exhorting again, while the ladder creaked in protest. In a moment or two she reached the ground, angry and breathless, and they heard her coming into the room. Jurgis gave one glance at her, and then turned white and reeled. She had her jacket off, like one of the workers on the killing beds. Her hands and arms were smeared with blood, and blood was splashed upon her clothing and her face. She stood breathing hard, and gazing about her; no one made a sound. "I haf done my best," she began suddenly. "I can do noffing more— dere is no use to try." Again there was silence. "It ain't my fault," she said. "You had ought to haf had a doctor, und not vaited so long—it vas too late already ven I come." Once more there was deathlike stillness. Marija was clutching Jurgis with all the power of her one well arm. Then suddenly Madame Haupt turned to Aniele. "You haf not got something to drink, hey?" she queried. "Some brandy?" Aniele shook her head. "Herr Gott!" exclaimed Madame Haupt. "Such people! Perhaps you vill give me someting to eat den—I haf had noffing since yesterday morning, und I haf vorked myself near to death here. If I could haf known it vas like dis, I vould never haf come for such money as you gif me." At this moment she chanced to look round, and saw Jurgis: She shook her finger at him. "You understand me," she said, "you pays me dot money yust de same! It is not my fault dat you send for me so late I can't help your vife. It is not my fault if der baby comes mit one

Korean angry: 성난, 성나있는, 몹시쑤시는, finger: 손가락, 손가락을 대다, 타는 듯한, 험한, 염증을 일으킨. 탄주하다, 켜다, 손가락 모양의 물건, descending: 내려가는, 강하하는, 만지다, 을 손가락으로 젖히다, 을 하향의. 손가락으로 넘기다, 악기가 drink: 마시다, 흡수하다, 취하다, 술에 손가락으로 연주되다, 손가락으로 소비하다, 술에소비하다, 음료를 만지다, 손가락 폭. 마시다, 큰 강, 한 모금, 술을 많이 ought: 영, 하기로 되어있다, 해야만 마시다, 을 위해 축배를 들다, 음주. 한다, 하기로 되어 있다, 빚이 있다, fault: 과실, 결점, 책임, 단층, 테니스 하여야 한다, 지고 있다, 의무를 지고 폴트, 단점, 실수, 흠, 냄새 자취를 있다, 을 지불할 의무가 있다, 을 잃음, 잘못. 반제할 의무가 있다, 일 것이다.

protest: 항의하다, 단언하다, 거절 증서, 단언, 이의, 지불을 거절하다, 지불을 거절하다-이의, 결의 따위에 이의를 제기하다, 이의를 제기하다, 주장하다. quiet: 조용함, 조용한, 침착한, 얌전한, 평정한, 평정, 평온히, 침착, 조용히, 조용해지다, 정지. stillness: 침묵, 조용한 환경, 정적, 고요, 평온, 소리 없는 곳, 고, 고요함. vas: 도관, 관, 맥관.

Upton Sinclair

211

arm%first, so dot I can't save it. I haf tried all night, und in dot place vere it is not fit for dogs to be born, und mit notting to eat only vot I brings in mine own pockets." Here Madame Haupt paused for a moment to get her breath; and Marija, seeing the beads of sweat on Jurgis's forehead, and feeling the quivering of his frame, broke out in a low voice: "How is Ona?" "How is she?" echoed Madame Haupt. "How do you tink she can be ven you leave her to kill herself so? I told dem dot ven they send for de priest. She is young, und she might haf got over it, und been vell und strong, if she had been treated right. She fight hard, dot girl—she is not yet quite dead." And Jurgis gave a frantic scream. "Dead!" "She vill die, of course," said the other angrily. "Der baby is dead now." The garret was lighted by a candle stuck upon a board; it had almost burned itself out, and was sputtering and smoking as Jurgis rushed up the ladder. He could make out dimly in one corner a pallet of rags and old blankets, spread upon the floor; at the foot of it was a crucifix, and near it a priest muttering a prayer. In a far corner crouched Elzbieta, moaning and wailing. Upon the pallet lay Ona. She was covered with a blanket, but he could see her shoulders and one arm lying bare; she was so shrunken he would scarcely have known her—she was all but a skeleton, and as white as a piece of chalk. Her eyelids were closed, and she lay still as death. He staggered toward her and fell upon his knees with a cry of anguish: "Ona! Ona!" She did not stir. He caught her hand in his, and began to clasp it frantically, calling: "Look at me! Answer me! It is Jurgis come back—don't you hear me?" There was the faintest quivering of the eyelids, and he called again in frenzy: "Ona! Ona!" Then suddenly her eyes opened one instant. One instant she looked at him— there was a flash of recognition between them, he saw her afar off, as through a dim vista, standing forlorn. He stretched out his arms to her, he called her in

Korean afar: 멀리, 원방에서, 원방에. arms: 무기, 팔, 힘, 전투 무장시키다, 권력, 앞다리, 문장, 군사. blanket: 담요, 덮어 버리다, 숨기다, 차별하지 않는, 방해하다, 일률적인담요에 싸다, 총괄적인, 모포총괄적인, 전면을 덮는 것, 일률적인, 쉬쉬 덮어 버리다. calling: 천직, 부름, 직업, 소집, 점호, 강한 충동, 하느님의 부르심, 방문, 울음소리, 외침, 소명.

chalk: 초크로 쓰다, 초크로 쓴 기호, 백악, 백악질의, 분유, 분필, 초크로 쓴, 호분, 초크, 색초크, 색분필. crucifix: 십자 현수, 십자가, 십자가예수상, 큰시련, 모진박해, 그리수도 수난상, 그리스도 수난상, 십자 매달리기. dimly: 희미하게, 어둑하게, 어스레하게, 어슴푸레하게, 어렴풋이, 아련히. muttering: 준얼거리기.

pallet: 바퀴 멈추개, 팔레트, 미늘, 짚으로 된 이부자리, 초라한 잠자리, 주걱, 도공의 주걱, 도공의 흙손, 초라한 침상, 짚자리, 화가의 발레트. prayer: 기도식, 기도의 문구, 기원, 간원, 기도하는 사람, 탄원, 기도, 기도의 목적물 기. shrunken: 시든. skeleton: 해골, 골격, 골자, 뼈대, 해골의, 여윈, 여윈 사람, 줄기, 최소한도의, 조직.

212

The Jungle

wild%despair; a fearful yearning surged up in him, hunger for her that was agony, desire that was a new being born within him, tearing his heartstrings, torturing him. But it was all in vain—she faded from him, she slipped back and was gone. And a wail of anguish burst from him, great sobs shook all his frame, and hot tears ran down his cheeks and fell upon her. He clutched her hands, he shook her, he caught her in his arms and pressed her to him but she lay cold and still—she was gone—she was gone! The word rang through him like the sound of a bell, echoing in the far depths of him, making forgotten chords to vibrate, old shadowy fears to stir—fears of the dark, fears of the void, fears of annihilation. She was dead! She was dead! He would never see her again, never hear her again! An icy horror of loneliness seized him; he saw himself standing apart and watching all the world fade away from him—a world of shadows, of fickle dreams. He was like a little child, in his fright and grief; he called and called, and got no answer, and his cries of despair echoed through the house, making the women downstairs draw nearer to each other in fear. He was inconsolable, beside himself—the priest came and laid his hand upon his shoulder and whispered to him, but he heard not a sound. He was gone away himself, stumbling through the shadows, and groping after the soul that had fled. So he lay. The gray dawn came up and crept into the attic. The priest left, the women left, and he was alone with the still, white figure—quieter now, but moaning and shuddering, wrestling with the grisly fiend. Now and then he would raise himself and stare at the white mask before him, then hide his eyes because he could not bear it. Dead! dead! And she was only a girl, she was barely eighteen! Her life had hardly begun—and here she lay murdered— mangled, tortured to death! It was morning when he rose up and came down into the kitchen— haggard and ashen gray, reeling and dazed. More of the neighbors had come in, and they stared at him in silence as he sank down upon a chair by the table and buried his face in his arms.

Korean clutched: 초조한, 긴장한. dawn: 밝아지다, 새벽, 동이 트다, 여명, 나타나기 시작하다, 날이새다, 동틀녁, 동틀영, 시초, 날이 새다. downstairs: 아래층에 사는 사람들, 아래층에, 아래층, 아래층에-아래응, 아래층으로. fade: 시들다, 코스에서 벗어나다, 자취를 감추다, 사라지다, 바래다, 희미해지다, 색이 바래다, 쇠퇴하다, 지다-색을 바래게 하다, 쭈그러들다,

차츰 안보이게 되다. faded: 시든, 빛깔이 바랜, 색이 바랜. fickle: 변덕스러운, 변하기 쉬운. groping: 암중 모색하는, 손으로 더듬는. heartstrings: 심금, 깊은 감정. loneliness: 쓸쓸함, 외로움. mask: 가면, 복면, 차폐하다, 마스크, 가면을 쓰다, 탈, 정체를 드러내다, 에게 가면을 씌우다, 방해하다, 가장한 사람, 핑계.

shadowy: 공허한, 덧없는, 몽롱한, 그림자 있는, 그림자가 많은, 그림자 같은, 환상의, 흔적을 나타내는. vibrate: 흔들리다, 진동하다, 진동시키다, 후들거리다, 오싹하게하다, 마음이 떨리다, 흔들어 표시하다, 떨다, 감동시키다, 감동하다, 진동하여 내다. void: 무효의, 빈, 공간, 배설하다, 무효로 하다, 공허, 빈곳, 비어 있는, 무익한, 공허한, 취소하다.

Upton Sinclair

213

A few minutes later the front door opened; a blast of cold and snow rushed in, and behind it little Kotrina, breathless from running, and blue with the cold. "I'm home again!" she exclaimed. "I could hardly—" And then, seeing Jurgis, she stopped with an exclamation. Looking from one to another she saw that something had happened, and she asked, in a lower voice: "What's the matter?" Before anyone could reply, Jurgis started up; he went toward her, walking unsteadily. "Where have you been?" he demanded.% "Selling papers with the boys," she said. "The snow—" "Have you any money?" he demanded. "Yes." "How much?" "Nearly three dollars, Jurgis." "Give it to me." Kotrina, frightened by his manner, glanced at the others. "Give it to me!" he commanded again, and she put her hand into her pocket and pulled out a lump of coins tied in a bit of rag. Jurgis took it without a word, and went out of the door and down the street. Three doors away was a saloon. "Whisky," he said, as he entered, and as the man pushed him some, he tore at the rag with his teeth and pulled out half a dollar. "How much is the bottle?" he said. "I want to get drunk."

Korean anyone: 누군가, 누구도, 누구라도, 누구든지. bit: 비트, 잔돈, 작은 조각, 조금, 소량, 잠시, 예의 방식, 대패의 날, 판에 박은 짓거리, 판에 박은 일, 판에 박은 사건. exclamation: 감탄, 외침, 감탄사, 감탄부호, 절규. front: 전선, 태도, 표면, 싸움터, 전면, 용모, 을 향하다, 정면의, 앞쪽, 으로, 앞면에 붙이다.

lower: 낮추다, 내려가다, 누르다, 운전, 경주, 고름이 나옴, 흐르는, 낮아지다, 꺾다, 내리다, 저하시키는, 유출물, 기어오르는, 주력, 미끄러운. 하급의, 찌푸린 얼굴, 더 낮게, street: 거리, 가로, 차도, 한구역 비천한. 사람들, 길, 에는 도저히 못 미치다, manner: 방법, 방식, 풍습, 태도, 다소, 큰길, 가도, 가, 가로의, 통로의. 작풍, 예절, 양식, 생활 양식, 종류, unsteadily: 미덥지 못하게, 예의. 불안정하게. minutes: 의사록. walking: 걷기, 걷는, 보행, 걷듯이 pulled: 건강이 쇠약해진, 딴, 털을 요동하는. 뜯은. running: 달리기, 달리는, 잇따른,

214

The Jungle

CHAPTER 20

But a big man cannot stay drunk very long on three dollars. That was Sunday morning, and Monday night Jurgis came home, sober and sick, realizing that he had spent every cent the family owned, and had not bought a single instant's forgetfulness with it.% Ona was not yet buried; but the police had been notified, and on the morrow they would put the body in a pine coffin and take it to the potter's field. Elzbieta was out begging now, a few pennies from each of the neighbors, to get enough to pay for a mass for her; and the children were upstairs starving to death, while he, good-for-nothing rascal, had been spending their money on drink. So spoke Aniele, scornfully, and when he started toward the fire she added the information that her kitchen was no longer for him to fill with his phosphate stinks. She had crowded all her boarders into one room on Ona's account, but now he could go up in the garret where he belonged—and not there much longer, either, if he did not pay her some rent. Jurgis went without a word, and, stepping over half a dozen sleeping boarders in the next room, ascended the ladder. It was dark up above; they could not afford any light; also it was nearly as cold as outdoors. In a corner, as far away from the corpse as possible, sat Marija, holding little Antanas in her one good arm and trying to soothe him to sleep. In another corner crouched poor little Juozapas, wailing because he had had nothing to eat all day. Marija said

Korean afford: 산출하다, 여유가 있다, 할 수 있다, 할 힘이 있다, 할 여유가 있다, 의 돈이 있다, 할 여가가 있다, 할 돈이 있다, 제공하다, 의 힘이 있다, 의 여가가 있다. coffin: 관, 관에 넣다, 낡은 배, 납관하다, 널, 말굽뼈. corpse: 시체, 송장. field: 경기장, 밭, 벌판, 분야, 싸움터, 산지, 바탕, 광장, 영상면, 내야, 표면. fill: 채우다, 차지하다, 가득참,

보충하다, 가득차다, 충분, 차다, 그재목, 몹시 그리다, 애타게 그리다. 흡족하게 하다, 흙으로 돋우다, rascal: 악당, 녀석, 악한, 하층민, 천한 조제하다, 충족시키다. 사람, 악당근성, 불량배, 놈, forgetfulness: 건망증, 태만, 소홀, 장난꾸러기, 부랑자의. 망각. scornfully: 경멸하다, 경멸, 떳떳하게 good-for-nothing: 백수 건달, 여기지 않다, 깔보고, 경멸하여, 쓸모없는 사람, 쓸모없는. 경멸적으로. outdoors: 문밖, 옥외로, 집 밖으로, sober: 수수한, 술이 깨다, 냉정한, 옥외에서, 옥외, 야외에서, 야외로, 집 취하지않은, 진지한, 분별 있는, 맑은 밖에서. 정신의, 마음이 가라앉다, 마음을 pine: 소나무, 수척해지다, 갈망하다, 가라앉히다, 과장 없는, 침착해지다.

Upton Sinclair

215

not a word to Jurgis; he crept in like a whipped cur, and went and sat down by the body.% Perhaps he ought to have meditated upon the hunger of the children, and upon his own baseness; but he thought only of Ona, he gave himself up again to the luxury of grief. He shed no tears, being ashamed to make a sound; he sat motionless and shuddering with his anguish. He had never dreamed how much he loved Ona, until now that she was gone; until now that he sat here, knowing that on the morrow they would take her away, and that he would never lay eyes upon her again—never all the days of his life. His old love, which had been starved to death, beaten to death, awoke in him again; the floodgates of memory were lifted—he saw all their life together, saw her as he had seen her in Lithuania, the first day at the fair, beautiful as the flowers, singing like a bird. He saw her as he had married her, with all her tenderness, with her heart of wonder; the very words she had spoken seemed to ring now in his ears, the tears she had shed to be wet upon his cheek. The long, cruel battle with misery and hunger had hardened and embittered him, but it had not changed her— she had been the same hungry soul to the end, stretching out her arms to him, pleading with him, begging him for love and tenderness. And she had suffered—so cruelly she had suffered, such agonies, such infamies—ah, God, the memory of them was not to be borne. What a monster of wickedness, of heartlessness, he had been! Every angry word that he had ever spoken came back to him and cut him like a knife; every selfish act that he had done—with what torments he paid for them now! And such devotion and awe as welled up in his soul—now that it could never be spoken, now that it was too late, too late! His bosom-was choking with it, bursting with it; he crouched here in the darkness beside her, stretching out his arms to her—and she was gone forever, she was dead! He could have screamed aloud with the horror and despair of it; a sweat of agony beaded his forehead, yet he dared not make a sound—he scarcely dared to breathe, because of his shame and loathing of himself. Late at night came Elzbieta, having gotten the money for a mass, and paid for it in advance, lest she should be tempted too sorely at home. She brought also a

Korean baseness: 천함, 서출, 치사함, 속팀, 열등, 조악, 하등, 비열, 가짜. beaded: 거품이 인, 구슬 같은구슬로 장식한, 구슬이 달려 있는, 구슬이 된, 구슬 모양으로 된. cur: 망종, 똥개, 들개, 쌍놈, 겁쟁이, 불량배. devotion: 귀의, 헌신, 애착, 전념, 기도, 전렴. embittered: 화내게 하는, 쓰라리게 하는, 비참하게 하는.

loathing: 지겨움, 강한 혐오, 질색, 혐오, 싫음, 혐오를 느끼는. monster: 괴물, 거수, 도깨비, 거대한, 악독한 사람, 악독한 사람-거대한, 괴상한 모양을 한 것, 극악 무도한 사람, 슈퍼스타 가수, 신경 중추에 작용하는 마약. selfish: 이기적인, 제멋대로의, 자기 본위의, 자애적인. shed: 벗다, 발하다, 격납고, 갈다, 깃털을 갈다, 내다, 헛간, 의지간,

탈피하다, 흘리다, 태양열 교환 추진. sorely: 슬픈, 따끔 따끔 쑤시는, 고통을일으키는, 상처, 성난, 비통, 힘사게, 아프게, 진무른데, 지독한, 격심한. tenderness: 유연함, 마음이 무름, 민감, 애정, 유연, 친절, 다정. wet: 술, 젖은, 적시다, 습기, 젖다, 축축한, 비의, 우천, 물기, 비, 주류제조 판매를 허가하고 있는.

216

The Jungle

bit of stale rye bread that some one had given her, and with that they quieted the children and got them to sleep. Then she came over to Jurgis and sat down beside him.% She said not a word of reproach—she and Marija had chosen that course before; she would only plead with him, here by the corpse of his dead wife. Already Elzbieta had choked down her tears, grief being crowded out of her soul by fear. She had to bury one of her children—but then she had done it three times before, and each time risen up and gone back to take up the battle for the rest. Elzbieta was one of the primitive creatures: like the angleworm, which goes on living though cut in half; like a hen, which, deprived of her chickens one by one, will mother the last that is left her. She did this because it was her nature— she asked no questions about the justice of it, nor the worth-whileness of life in which destruction and death ran riot. And this old common-sense view she labored to impress upon Jurgis, pleading with him with tears in her eyes. Ona was dead, but the others were left and they must be saved. She did not ask for her own children. She and Marija could care for them somehow, but there was Antanas, his own son. Ona had given Antanas to him—the little fellow was the only remembrance of her that he had; he must treasure it and protect it, he must show himself a man. He knew what Ona would have had him do, what she would ask of him at this moment, if she could speak to him. It was a terrible thing that she should have died as she had; but the life had been too hard for her, and she had to go. It was terrible that they were not able to bury her, that he could not even have a day to mourn her— but so it was. Their fate was pressing; they had not a cent, and the children would perish—some money must be had. Could he not be a man for Ona's sake, and pull himself together? In a little while they would be out of danger—now that they had given up the house they could live more cheaply, and with all the children working they could get along, if only he would not go to pieces. So Elzbieta went on, with feverish intensity. It was a struggle for life with her; she was not afraid that Jurgis would go on drinking, for he had no money for that,

Korean angleworm: 낚시밥용지렁이, 지렁이. impress: 날인, 감동시키다, 흔적, pressing: 긴급한, 무리하게 조르는, bury: 묻다, 몰두하게하다, 징발하다, 인용하다, 특징, 찍다, 프레스한 레코드, 화급한, 압착물, 장사지내다, 몰두하다, 숨기다, 잊다, 징집하다, 누르다, 감명, 감명을 주다. 억누름, 졸라대는, 압착하기, 긴급의. 파묻다, 덮어서 숨기다. labored: 힘드는, 고심한 흔적이 있는, remembrance: 기념, 기억, 회상, 추억, cheaply: 값싸게, 쉽게, 싸게, 부자연스러운, 고심한, 공들인, 기념품, 기억력, 전갈, 기억의 범위, 싸구려로, 천하게. 괴로운, 부자연스런, 하기 어려운, 유물, 잊지 않고 있음, 안부를 묻는 deprived: 가난한, 가난한 사람들, 억지로 갖다 붙인, 무리한, 전언. 불우한. 느릿느릿한. treasure: 보물, 보배, 비장하다, feverish: 열병이 많은, 열광적인, 열이 mourn: 슬퍼하다, 애도하다, 명기하다, 재보, 재산을 던지다, 있는, 열병의, 열띤, 열병이 유행하는. 몽상하다, 상을 입다, 을 슬퍼하다, 진중히 여기다, 귀여운 너, 금전, hen: 암컷, 암닭, 암탉. 탄식하다. 명심하다.

Upton Sinclair

217

but she was wild with dread at the thought that he might desert them, might take to the road, as Jonas had done.% But with Ona's dead body beneath his eyes, Jurgis could not well think of treason to his child. Yes, he said, he would try, for the sake of Antanas. He would give the little fellow his chance—would get to work at once, yes, tomorrow, without even waiting for Ona to be buried. They might trust him, he would keep his word, come what might. And so he was out before daylight the next morning, headache, heartache, and all. He went straight to Graham's fertilizer mill, to see if he could get back his job. But the boss shook his head when he saw him—no, his place had been filled long ago, and there was no room for him. "Do you think there will be?" Jurgis asked. "I may have to wait." "No," said the other, "it will not be worth your while to wait—there will be nothing for you here." Jurgis stood gazing at him in perplexity. "What is the matter?" he asked. "Didn't I do my work?" The other met his look with one of cold indifference, and answered, "There will be nothing for you here, I said." Jurgis had his suspicions as to the dreadful meaning of that incident, and he went away with a sinking at the heart. He went and took his stand with the mob of hungry wretches who were standing about in the snow before the time station. Here he stayed, breakfastless, for two hours, until the throng was driven away by the clubs of the police. There was no work for him that day. Jurgis had made a good many acquaintances in his long services at the yards—there were saloonkeepers who would trust him for a drink and a sandwich, and members of his old union who would lend him a dime at a pinch. It was not a question of life and death for him, therefore; he might hunt all day, and come again on the morrow, and try hanging on thus for weeks, like hundreds and thousands of others. Meantime, Teta Elzbieta would go and beg,

Korean beg: 빌다, 구걸하다, 빌어먹다, 앞발을들고서다, 발을들고서다, 시주해 줄 것을 청하다, 애걸하다, 앞발을 들고 서서 재롱부리다, 부탁하다, 간청하다, 용서를 청하다. clubs: 클럽의 짝. dime: 단돈 한 닢의, 십센트 경화, 십센트 경화의, 단돈 한 닢. heartache: 비탄, 마음 아픔, 마음의 고통. incident: 일어나기 쉬운, 사건, 삽화,

투사의, 부대적인, 부수하는, 투사하는, 부대 사건, 일어난일, 부대적 사물, 작은사건. indifference: 무관심한, 중립, 무차별, 중성의, 대수롭지 않은, 냉담, 개의치 않음, 시원치 않은, 중요치 않음, 공평한, 무관심. lend: 빌려주다, 증대시키다, 더하다, 꾸어주다, 도와주다, 돈을 꾸어주다. meaning: 의미, 의의, 목적, 저의, 뜻, 의미심장한, 눈초리 따위가

의미심장한. pinch: 꼬집다, 인색하게 굴다, 죄다, 집다, 훔치다, 바싹조리차다, 어려움, 수척하게 하다, 움츠러들게 하다, 잘라내다, 체포하다-죄어들다꼭기다. sandwich: 샌드위치, 사이에 끼우다, 샌드위치 모양의 것, 끼워 넣다, 샌드위치 케이크. tomorrow: 내일, 내일에, 내일의. treason: 반역, 배신, 반역죄.

218

The Jungle

over in the Hyde Park district, and the children would bring home enough to pacify Aniele, and keep them all alive.% It was at the end of a week of this sort of waiting, roaming about in the bitter winds or loafing in saloons, that Jurgis stumbled on a chance in one of the cellars of Jones's big packing plant. He saw a foreman passing the open doorway, and hailed him for a job. "Push a truck?" inquired the man, and Jurgis answered, "Yes, sir!" before the words were well out of his mouth. "What's your name?" demanded the other. "Jurgis Rudkus." "Worked in the yards before?" "Yes." "Whereabouts?" "Two places—Brown's killing beds and Durham's fertilizer mill." "Why did you leave there?" "The first time I had an accident, and the last time I was sent up for a month." "I see. Well, I'll give you a trial. Come early tomorrow and ask for Mr. Thomas." So Jurgis rushed home with the wild tidings that he had a job—that the terrible siege was over. The remnants of the family had quite a celebration that night; and in the morning Jurgis was at the place half an hour before the time of opening. The foreman came in shortly afterward, and when he saw Jurgis he frowned. "Oh," he said, "I promised you a job, didn't I?" "Yes, sir," said Jurgis. "Well, I'm sorry, but I made a mistake. I can't use you." Jurgis stared, dumfounded. "What's the matter?" he gasped. "Nothing," said the man, "only I can't use you."

Korean accident: 사고, 재난, 우연히 일어난 구멍, 취직자리, 통로, 개통, 서두, push: 밀다, 절박, 쑥 내밀다, 적극성, 일, 지형의 기복, 우연, 우유성, 숲속의 공지, 틈. 위기, 억지로 떠맡기다, 억지, 밀어 부수적인 성질, 부수적인 사태. pacify: 달래다, 평화를 수립하다, 움직이다, 밀고 나아가다, 추진, district: 지방, 지구, 구역, 교구, 가라앉히다, 가라않히다. 강하게 주장하다. 선거구. passing: 통행하는, 합격의, 대충의, shortly: 곧, 간단히, 쌀쌀하게, 얼마 안 mouth: 입, 찡그린 얼굴, 부양 가족, 목전의, 삽시간의, 소멸, 통행, 있어, 가까이, 직전에, 무뚝뚝하게, 출입구, 건방진 말투, 찌푸린 얼굴, 통과하는, 통과, 의안 따위의 통과, 이내, 즉, 퉁명스럽게, 가까이서. 큰소리로 말하다, 입에 넣고 씹다, 사건 따위의 발생. trial: 시련, 시도, 재판, 곤란, 귀찮은 입에 자근자근 씹다, 재갈이나 고삐에 plant: 놓다, 책략, 식물, 풀, 건설하다, 사람, 시험, 시험의 결과, 심리, 길들게 하다, 언어 기관으로서의 입. 굴 따위를 양식하다, 묘목, 기계 일습, 취조를 받고, 재난, 시험적인. opening: 개시, 열기, 개시의, 광장, 속임수, 식님하다, 접나무.

Upton Sinclair

219

There was the same cold, hostile stare that he had had from the boss of the fertilizer mill. He knew that there was no use in saying a word, and he turned and went away.% Out in the saloons the men could tell him all about the meaning of it; they gazed at him with pitying eyes—poor devil, he was blacklisted! What had he done? they asked—knocked down his boss? Good heavens, then he might have known! Why, he stood as much chance of getting a job in Packingtown as of being chosen mayor of Chicago. Why had he wasted his time hunting? They had him on a secret list in every office, big and little, in the place. They had his name by this time in St. Louis and New York, in Omaha and Boston, in Kansas City and St. Joseph. He was condemned and sentenced, without trial and without appeal; he could never work for the packers again—he could not even clean cattle pens or drive a truck in any place where they controlled. He might try it, if he chose, as hundreds had tried it, and found out for themselves. He would never be told anything about it; he would never get any more satisfaction than he had gotten just now; but he would always find when the time came that he was not needed. It would not do for him to give any other name, either—they had company "spotters" for just that purpose, and he wouldn't keep a job in Packingtown three days. It was worth a fortune to the packers to keep their blacklist effective, as a warning to the men and a means of keeping down union agitation and political discontent. Jurgis went home, carrying these new tidings to the family council. It was a most cruel thing; here in this district was his home, such as it was, the place he was used to and the friends he knew— and now every possibility of employment in it was closed to him. There was nothing in Packingtown but packing houses; and so it was the same thing as evicting him from his home. He and the two women spent all day and half the night discussing it. It would be convenient, downtown, to the children's place of work; but then Marija was on the road to recovery, and had hopes of getting a job in the yards; and though she did not see her old-time lover once a month, because of the misery of their state, yet she could not make up her mind to go away and give him up

Korean blacklist: 요주의 인물 명, 블랙리스트, 요주의 인물 명부, 블랙리스트의 올리다. carrying: 운송, 운송의, 적재의, 적재, 목소리가 잘 들리는, 잘 들리는, 운수, 적재 운송의. chosen: 선발된, 좋아하는, 뽑힌, 선택한, 선택된, 신에게 선택된, 신에게 뽑힌. clean: 완전한, 청결한, 깨끗한, 청소하다, 결백한, 깨끗해지다,

흠없는, 순결한, 새로운, 아주, 순수한. condemned: 저주받은, 유죄 선고를 받은, 사형수의, 몰수학로 된, 유죄선고를 받은, 사용 부적으로 판정된, 몰수로 정해진, 구제할 길 없는, 몰수하기로 된. joseph: 요셉, 여자를 싫어하는 남자, 남자 이름. louis: 프랑스왕의 이름, 루이스. lover: 애호자, 연인, 애인, 찬미자,

문예 따위의 애호자. month: 달, 월, 한달. pitying: 동정하는, 불쌍히 여기는. possibility: 가능성, 가능한 일, 가망, 일어날 수 있는 일, 있을 수 있는 일. recovery: 회복, 복구, 완쾌, 되찾음, 권리의 회복, 매립, 회수, 승소, 도로찾음, 개간, 간척. secret: 비밀의, 비밀을 지키는, 비결, 음부, 숨은, 신비스러운, 비법, 신비, 외딴, 불가사의, 비밀.

220

The Jungle

forever. Then, too, Elzbieta had heard something about a chance to scrub floors in Durham's offices and was waiting every day for word. In the end it was decided that Jurgis should go downtown to strike out for himself, and they would decide after he got a job. As there was no one from whom he could borrow there, and he dared not beg for fear of being arrested, it was arranged that every day he should meet one of the children and be given fifteen cents of their earnings, upon which he could keep going. Then all day he was to pace the streets with hundreds and thousands of other homeless wretches inquiring at stores, warehouses, and factories for a chance; and at night he was to crawl into some doorway or underneath a truck, and hide there until midnight, when he might get into one of the station houses, and spread a newspaper upon the floor, and lie down in the midst of a throng of "bums" and beggars, reeking with alcohol and tobacco, and filthy with vermin and disease.% So for two weeks more Jurgis fought with the demon of despair. Once he got a chance to load a truck for half a day, and again he carried an old woman's valise and was given a quarter. This let him into a lodginghouse on several nights when he might otherwise have frozen to death; and it also gave him a chance now and then to buy a newspaper in the morning and hunt up jobs while his rivals were watching and waiting for a paper to be thrown away. This, however, was really not the advantage it seemed, for the newspaper advertisements were a cause of much loss of precious time and of many weary journeys. A full half of these were "fakes," put in by the endless variety of establishments which preyed upon the helpless ignorance of the unemployed. If Jurgis lost only his time, it was because he had nothing else to lose; whenever a smooth-tongued agent would tell him of the wonderful positions he had on hand, he could only shake his head sorrowfully and say that he had not the necessary dollar to deposit; when it was explained to him what "big money" he and all his family could make by coloring photographs, he could only promise to come in again when he had two dollars to invest in the outfit. In the end Jurgis got a chance through an accidental meeting with an oldtime acquaintance of his union days. He met this man on his way to work in the

Korean accidental: 우연한, 우연의 우발적인 사물, 비본질적인, 임시 변화의, 우발적인, 사고의, 우유적인. coloring: 채색, 그림물감, 색, 착색제, 혈색, 착색, 색조, 외견, 색칠 그림, 스타일, 안료. deposit: 침전물, 낳다, 예금, 공탁금, 보증금, 놓다, 계약금, 핌전시키다, 맡기다, 맡기다-부착물, 부착물. invest: 포위하다, 입히다, 주다, 투자하다, 수여하다, 쓰다, 싸다,

지니게하다, 착용시키다, 부여하다, 에 투자하다. nights: 밤마다, 밤에. offices: 부엌, 진력. outfit: 채비, 필수품을 공급하다, 도구, 채비를 차리다, 일행, 에 공급하다, 여행 따위의 채비, 여행 따위의 채비품, 채비품, 협동 활동의 일행, 마음의 준비. scrub: 관목, 그렇게 하기, 덤블, 미사일 발사중지하다, 뼈빠지게

일하다, 빡빡 문지르다, 자잘한, 북북 문질러 닦기, 취소, 잘 자라지 못한 나무, 미사일 발사 중지. sorrowfully: 슬픈, 애처로운, 슬퍼보이는, 가슴아픈. tobacco: 담배, 흡연. valise: 여행가방, 여행용 손가방, 배낭. weary: 지치다, 지치게 하다, 지치게 하는, 싫어진, 넌더리나는, 동경하다, 싫증나다, 지루하게 하다, 지루해지다, 피로한, 싫증나게 하다.

Upton Sinclair

221

giant factories of the Harvester Trust; and his friend told him to come along and he would speak a good word for him to his boss, whom he knew well. So Jurgis trudged four or five miles, and passed through a waiting throng of unemployed at the gate under the escort of his friend. His knees nearly gave way beneath him when the foreman, after looking him over and questioning him, told him that he could find an opening for him.% How much this accident meant to Jurgis he realized only by stages; for he found that the harvester works were the sort of place to which philanthropists and reformers pointed with pride. It had some thought for its employees; its workshops were big and roomy, it provided a restaurant where the workmen could buy good food at cost, it had even a reading room, and decent places where its girl-hands could rest; also the work was free from many of the elements of filth and repulsiveness that prevailed at the stockyards. Day after day Jurgis discovered these things—things never expected nor dreamed of by him—until this new place came to seem a kind of a heaven to him. It was an enormous establishment, covering a hundred and sixty acres of ground, employing five thousand people, and turning out over three hundred thousand machines every year—a good part of all the harvesting and mowing machines used in the country. Jurgis saw very little of it, of course—it was all specialized work, the same as at the stockyards; each one of the hundreds of parts of a mowing machine was made separately, and sometimes handled by hundreds of men. Where Jurgis worked there was a machine which cut and stamped a certain piece of steel about two square inches in size; the pieces came tumbling out upon a tray, and all that human hands had to do was to pile them in regular rows, and change the trays at intervals. This was done by a single boy, who stood with eyes and thought centered upon it, and fingers flying so fast that the sounds of the bits of steel striking upon each other was like the music of an express train as one hears it in a sleeping car at night. This was "piece-work," of course; and besides it was made certain that the boy did not idle, by setting the machine to match the highest possible speed of human hands. Thirty thousand of these pieces he handled every day, nine or ten million every year—how many

Korean centered: 중심에 있는, 중심이 있는, 집중한, 심원이 있는. covering: 덮는, 지붕, 덮개, 덮음, 피복, 커버, 외피, 엄호의, 엄호-덮는, 엄호, 덮어씌움. escort: 호위자, 호위하다, 호위, 호송, 호송하다, 남성 동반자, 호위대, 경호하다, 동행하다. establishment: 설립, 시설, 권력기구, 확립, 편성, 상비 병력, 상비 편제, 당국자, 설립물, 국립, 제도.

gate: 수문, 문, 입장자수, 입장권 매상총액, 문짝, 금족을 명하다, 출입구, 차단기, 시가, 법정, 방법. harvester: 수확자, 수확기, 거두어 들이는 일꾼수확기, 수화자. harvesting: 추수하는 일. highest: 제일 높은, 최고. idle: 한가한, 일이 없는, 활용되지 않고 있는, 쓸모 없는, 무용의, 까닭 없는, 태만한, 쉬고 있는, 놀고 보내다, 공전하다, 게으름 피우다.

mowing: 한 번 베어들인 양, 목초지, 풀베기, 보리 베기, 잔디 베기, 풀 베기. roomy: 널찍한, 넓은. separately: 따로따로, 하나하나, 갈라져, 단독으로. steel: 강철, 검, 무감각하게 하다, 강철을 입히다, 강철제품, 단단한, 강철 같은 단단함, 강철로 날을 만들다, 강철로 만든, 강철로 만든 버팀테, 강철을 씌우다.

222

The Jungle

in a lifetime it rested with the gods to say. Near by him men sat bending over whirling grindstones, putting the finishing touches to the steel knives of the reaper; picking them out of a basket with the right hand, pressing first one side and then the other against the stone and finally dropping them with the left hand into another basket. One of these men told Jurgis that he had sharpened three thousand pieces of steel a day for thirteen years. In the next room were wonderful machines that ate up long steel rods by slow stages, cutting them off, seizing the pieces, stamping heads upon them, grinding them and polishing them, threading them, and finally dropping them into a basket, all ready to bolt the harvesters together. From yet another machine came tens of thousands of steel burs to fit upon these bolts. In other places all these various parts were dipped into troughs of paint and hung up to dry, and then slid along on trolleys to a room where men streaked them with red and yellow, so that they might look cheerful in the harvest fields.% Jurgis's friend worked upstairs in the casting rooms, and his task was to make the molds of a certain part. He shoveled black sand into an iron receptacle and pounded it tight and set it aside to harden; then it would be taken out, and molten iron poured into it. This man, too, was paid by the mold—or rather for perfect castings, nearly half his work going for naught. You might see him, along with dozens of others, toiling like one possessed by a whole community of demons; his arms working like the driving rods of an engine, his long, black hair flying wild, his eyes starting out, the sweat rolling in rivers down his face. When he had shoveled the mold full of sand, and reached for the pounder to pound it with, it was after the manner of a canoeist running rapids and seizing a pole at sight of a submerged rock. All day long this man would toil thus, his whole being centered upon the purpose of making twenty-three instead of twenty-two and a half cents an hour; and then his product would be reckoned up by the census taker, and jubilant captains of industry would boast of it in their banquet halls, telling how our workers are nearly twice as efficient as those of any other country. If we are the greatest nation the sun ever shone upon, it would seem to be mainly because we have been able to goad our wage-earners to this pitch of frenzy; though there are a few other things that are great among us including our

Korean canoeist: 카누의 젓는 사람. goad: 자극, 막대기, 격려, 격려 자극하다, 뾰족한 막대기, 막대기로 몰다, 막대기로 찌르다. harden: 경화하다, 단련하다, 굳히다, 굳어지다, 무정하게 하다, 단다하게 하다, 단단하게 하다, 단단해지다, 무감각하게 하다, 강하게 하다. heads: 머릿 수. jubilant: 기쁨에넘친, 기쁨에 넘친, 환성을 올리는, 환성을올리는, 환성을

올리며기뻐하는, 기뻐하는. lifetime: 평생, 평생의, 일생, 생애의. mold: 거푸집, 형, 곰팡이, 모양, 특성, 옥토, 연마하다, 경지, 성격, 토지, 지면. molten: 주조된, 녹은, 특히 금속 따위 녹은. naught: 무, 제로, 무가치한, 영, 나쁜, 무용의, 망한, 무가치, 붕괴한, 사악한, 아무것도 아님. pounder: 치는 사람, 파운드 포,

두들기는사람, 파운드의 물건, 절굿 공이, 절굿공이, 찌르는 사람. rapids: 여울. reaper: 수확기, 사신, 베어들이는 사람, 거두어 들이는 사람, 베는 사람, 죽음의 신, 죽음, 수확자. receptacle: 저장소, 용기, 소켓, 그릇, 콘센트, 꽃턱, 피난소, 두는 곳, 꽃받침. taker: 잡는 사람, 내기에 응하는 사람, 조차자, 마시는 사람.

Upton Sinclair

223

drink-bill, which is a billion and a quarter of dollars a year, and doubling itself every decade.% There was a machine which stamped out the iron plates, and then another which, with a mighty thud, mashed them to the shape of the sitting-down portion of the American farmer. Then they were piled upon a truck, and it was Jurgis's task to wheel them to the room where the machines were "assembled." This was child's play for him, and he got a dollar and seventy-five cents a day for it; on Saturday he paid Aniele the seventy-five cents a week he owed her for the use of her garret, and also redeemed his overcoat, which Elzbieta had put in pawn when he was in jail. This last was a great blessing. A man cannot go about in midwinter in Chicago with no overcoat and not pay for it, and Jurgis had to walk or ride five or six miles back and forth to his work. lt so happened that half of this was in one direction and half in another, necessitating a change of cars; the law required that transfers be given at all intersecting points, but the railway corporation had gotten round this by arranging a pretense at separate ownership. So whenever he wished to ride, he had to pay ten cents each way, or over ten per cent of his income to this power, which had gotten its franchises long ago by buying up the city council, in the face of popular clamor amounting almost to a rebellion. Tired as he felt at night, and dark and bitter cold as it was in the morning, Jurgis generally chose to walk; at the hours other workmen were traveling, the streetcar monopoly saw fit to put on so few cars that there would be men hanging to every foot of the backs of them and often crouching upon the snow-covered roof. Of course the doors could never be closed, and so the cars were as cold as outdoors; Jurgis, like many others, found it better to spend his fare for a drink and a free lunch, to give him strength to walk. These, however, were all slight matters to a man who had escaped from Durham's fertilizer mill. Jurgis began to pick up heart again and to make plans. He had lost his house but then the awful load of the rent and interest was off his shoulders, and when Marija was well again they could start over and save. In the shop where he worked was a man, a Lithuanian like himself, whom the

Korean doubling: 배가, 이중으로 하기, 배증, pawn: 졸, 걸다, 저당, 전당잡히다, 배중, 이중으로 댐, 접어 겹치기, 접어 남의 끄나불 짓하는 사람, 남의 넣기, 급회전. 끄나불 짖하는 사람, 저당잡히다, mighty: 거대한, 강대한, 굉장한, 힘센, 걸고 맹세하다, 담보, 동산의 담보, 위대한, 몹시, 센, 물체가 센, 사람이 명예를 걸고 맹세하다. 센. portion: 운명, 분배하다, 부분, 몫, monopoly: 전매품, 전매, 독점물, 상속재산, 일인분, 배당으로 주다, 전매회사, 독점자, 독점, 독점 회사, 배당, 남에게 분여 재산을 주다, 독점 조합, 독점 기업, 전매 기업, 분할하다, 인분. 전매 조합. slight: 경멸, 근소한, 약한, 얕보다, overcoat: 외투. 적은, 훌쭉한, 가냘픈, 모자라는,

하찮은, 경시하다, 조금도. thud: 꽝, 털썩, 털썩 떨어지다, 쿵 하고 치다, 추락, 쿵. traveling: 이동, 여행, 여행용의, 움직이는, 순회하는, 이동하는, 움직일 수 있는, 활주하는, 여행의, 순회 흥행, 순력. wheel: 방향을 바꾸다, 선회시키다, 자전거를 타다, 움직이다, 녹로로 만들다, 핸들, 바퀴, 수레바퀴, 자전거, 세력가, 선회하다.

224

The Jungle

others %spoke of in admiring whispers, because of the mighty feats he was performing. All day he sat at a machine turning bolts; and then in the evening he went to the public school to study English and learn to read. In addition, because he had a family of eight children to support and his earnings were not enough, on Saturdays and Sundays he served as a watchman; he was required to press two buttons at opposite ends of a building every five minutes, and as the walk only took him two minutes, he had three minutes to study between each trip. Jurgis felt jealous of this fellow; for that was the sort of thing he himself had dreamed of, two or three years ago. He might do it even yet, if he had a fair chance—he might attract attention and become a skilled man or a boss, as some had done in this place. Suppose that Marija could get a job in the big mill where they made binder twine—then they would move into this neighborhood, and he would really have a chance. With a hope like that, there was some use in living; to find a place where you were treated like a human being— by God! he would show them how he could appreciate it. He laughed to himself as he thought how he would hang on to this job! And then one afternoon, the ninth of his work in the place, when he went to get his overcoat he saw a group of men crowded before a placard on the door, and when he went over and asked what it was, they told him that beginning with the morrow his department of the harvester works would be closed until further notice!

Korean admiring: 감복한, 감탄하는, 사람, 가계약, 벽돌, 접합재. 찬미하는, 찬양하는. fair: 깨끗한, 아름다운, 순조로운, 갠, appreciate: 평가하다, 감상하다, 정중한, 금발의, 여성, 장애물이 없는, 감사하다, 음미하다, 이해하다, 유망한, 품평회, 철저한. 시세가 오르다, 시세가오르다, 진가를 jealous: 불신앙을 용서치 않는, 인정하다, 진가를인정하다, 값을 샘내는, 질투많은, 경계심이 강한, 올리다, 값이 오르다. 다른 신을 섬기는 것을 허락지 않는, attract: 끌다, 끌어당기다, 유혹하다, 지키는데 급급한, 질투심 많은. 매혹하다, 유인하다, 유치하다. ninth: 아홉번째로, 제 9, 제구, binder: 묶는사람, 끈, 제본, 묶는것, 제구의, 제구번째의 사람, 제구번째의 동이는 사람, 땜질 약, 묶는 것, 묶는 것, 제구번째의, 제구로, 제 9의, 구도,

아홉분의 하나의. opposite: 반대의, 역의, 반대의 것, 마주보는, 의 맞은쪽의, 반대쪽에, 반대쪽의, 반대자, 대생의, 정반대 말, 반대 사람. performing: 공연을 요하는, 실행할 수 있는, 재주 부릴 수 있는, 재주 부릴줄 아는, 실행하는, 성취할 수 있는. trip: 여행, 과실, 소풍, 실수하다, 실언, 걸려서 넘어지다, 실족, 딴죽걸기, 짧은 항해, 실족하다, 가볍게 걷다.

Upton Sinclair

CHAPTER

225

%21

That was the way they did it! There was not half an hour's warning—the works were closed! It had happened that way before, said the men, and it would happen that way forever. They had made all the harvesting machines that the world needed, and now they had to wait till some wore out! It was nobody's fault— that was the way of it; and thousands of men and women were turned out in the dead of winter, to live upon their savings if they had any, and otherwise to die. So many tens of thousands already in the city, homeless and begging for work, and now several thousand more added to them! Jurgis walked home-with his pittance of pay in his pocket, heartbroken, overwhelmed. One more bandage had been torn from his eyes, one more pitfall was revealed to him! Of what help was kindness and decency on the part of employers—when they could not keep a job for him, when there were more harvesting machines made than the world was able to buy! What a hellish mockery it was, anyway, that a man should slave to make harvesting machines for the country, only to be turned out to starve for doing his duty too well! It took him two days to get over this heartsickening disappointment. He did not drink anything, because Elzbieta got his money for safekeeping, and knew him too well to be in the least frightened by his angry demands. He stayed up in the garret however, and sulked—what was the use of a man's hunting a job when it was taken from him before he had time to learn the work? But then their

Korean duty: 의무, 임무, 본분, 관세, 경의, 조세, 일, 효율, 종무, 직무, 책임. happen: 일어나다, 생기다, 우연히...하다, 우연히 일어나다, 우연히 만나다, 우연히 있다. heartbroken: 비탄에 젖은, 비탄에 잠긴. hellish: 가증한, 소름끼치는, 지옥같은, 가증스런, 지옥과 같은. kindness: 친절, 우정, 상냥함, 친절한 태도, 친절한 행위.

learn: 배우다, 익히다, 외다, 알다, 가르치다, 듣다. otherwise: 그렇지 않으면, 다른, 달리, 다른 상태로, 딴 방법으로, 딴점에서는, 다른 방법으로, 다른 방법의, 기타의 점에서, 그렇지 않는, 기타의 점의. pitfall: 함정, 유혹. safekeeping: 보호, 호위, 보관. thousand: 천, 무수, 천의, 다수, 수천의, 천개.

till: 까지, 갈다, 돈궤, 서랍, 귀중품함, 할 때까지는, 하여 마침내, 표석 점토, 배양하다, 땅을 갈다, 까지줄곧. wait: 기다리다, 늦추다, 기다림, 기다리는 시간, 시중들다, 시중을 들다, 미루다, 성가대, 방문하다, 하지 않고 내버려 두다, 따르다. winter: 겨울, 만년, 얼리다, 피한하다, 월동시키다, 세, 겨울을 나다, 나이, 겨울의, 얼게 하다, 겨울을 보내다. works: 공장.

226

The Jungle

money was going again, and little Antanas was hungry, and crying with the bitter cold of the garret. Also Madame Haupt, the midwife, was after him for some money. So he went out once more.% For another ten days he roamed the streets and alleys of the huge city, sick and hungry, begging for any work. He tried in stores and offices, in restaurants and hotels, along the docks and in the railroad yards, in warehouses and mills and factories where they made products that went to every corner of the world. There were often one or two chances—but there were always a hundred men for every chance, and his turn would not come. At night he crept into sheds and cellars and doorways—until there came a spell of belated winter weather, with a raging gale, and the thermometer five degrees below zero at sundown and falling all night. Then Jurgis fought like a wild beast to get into the big Harrison Street police station, and slept down in a corridor, crowded with two other men upon a single step. He had to fight often in these days to fight for a place near the factory gates, and now and again with gangs on the street. He found, for instance, that the business of carrying satchels for railroad passengers was a pre-empted one— whenever he essayed it, eight or ten men and boys would fall upon him and force him to run for his life. They always had the policeman "squared," and so there was no use in expecting protection. That Jurgis did not starve to death was due solely to the pittance the children brought him. And even this was never certain. For one thing the cold was almost more than the children could bear; and then they, too, were in perpetual peril from rivals who plundered and beat them. The law was against them, too—little Vilimas, who was really eleven, but did not look to be eight, was stopped on the streets by a severe old lady in spectacles, who told him that he was too young to be working and that if he did not stop selling papers she would send a truant officer after him. Also one night a strange man caught little Kotrina by the arm and tried to persuade her into a dark cellarway, an experience which filled her with such terror that she was hardly to be kept at work.

Korean belated: 길이 저문, 시대에 뒤진, 뒤늦은, 늦은, 때늦은, 늦어진. corner: 구석, 매점하다, 모퉁이, 을 구석으로 몰다, 모를 내다, 매점, 지방, 궁지, 모서리의 쇠붙이, 구석진 곳, 코너킥. due: 할 예정인, 응당치러야할, 세금, 정식으로, 응당, 에 돌여야할, 마땅히, 때가 오면, 당연할, 당연할-마땅히, 지불 기일이 된. factory: 공장, 대리점, 재외 지점,

제작소, 제조소, 해외 대리점, 공장의, 철자하다, 매력, 교대, 한바탕의 일, 교도소. 다 쓰다, 을 매혹되어, 매혹되어, gale: 강풍, 큰바람, 흥분 상태, 환희, 기분이 나쁜 때. 폭소, 실바람, 버드소귀나무의 일종, strange: 생소한, 모르는, 이상한, 폭풍, 정기 지불금, 미풍, 광희. 경험이 없는, 익숙치 못한, 눈에 선, severe: 간소한, 엄한, 엄밀한, 격렬한, 타국의, 묘하게, 외국의, 묘한. 군더더기 없는, 수수한, 엄숙한, 중한, truant: 무단 결석하는, 농뗑이, 무단 호된, 심한, 피도 눈물도 없는. 결석하다, 농뗑이 부리다, 무단 solely: 단지, 오로지, 단독으로, 전혀, 결석자, 게으름뱅이. 다만, 혼자서. spell: 주문, 마력, 주문으로 얽어매다,

Upton Sinclair

227

At last, on a Sunday, as there was no use looking for work, Jurgis went home by stealing rides on the cars. He found that they had been waiting for him for three days—there was a chance of a job for him.% It was quite a story. Little Juozapas, who was near crazy with hunger these days, had gone out on the street to beg for himself. Juozapas had only one leg, having been run over by a wagon when a little child, but he had got himself a broomstick, which he put under his arm for a crutch. He had fallen in with some other children and found the way to Mike Scully's dump, which lay three or four blocks away. To this place there came every day many hundreds of wagonloads of garbage and trash from the lake front, where the rich people lived; and in the heaps the children raked for food—there were hunks of bread and potato peelings and apple cores and meat bones, all of it half frozen and quite unspoiled. Little Juozapas gorged himself, and came home with a newspaper full, which he was feeding to Antanas when his mother came in. Elzbieta was horrified, for she did not believe that the food out of the dumps was fit to eat. The next day, however, when no harm came of it and Juozapas began to cry with hunger, she gave in and said that he might go again. And that afternoon he came home with a story of how while he had been digging away with a stick, a lady upon the street had called him. A real fine lady, the little boy explained, a beautiful lady; and she wanted to know all about him, and whether he got the garbage for chickens, and why he walked with a broomstick, and why Ona had died, and how Jurgis had come to go to jail, and what was the matter with Marija, and everything. In the end she had asked where he lived, and said that she was coming to see him, and bring him a new crutch to walk with. She had on a hat with a bird upon it, Juozapas added, and a long fur snake around her neck. She really came, the very next morning, and climbed the ladder to the garret, and stood and stared about her, turning pale at the sight of the blood stains on the floor where Ona had died. She was a "settlement worker," she explained to Elzbieta—she lived around on Ashland Avenue. Elzbieta knew the place, over a feed store; somebody had wanted her to go there, but she had not cared to, for

Korean apple: 사과, 야구공, 대도시, 실망거리, 지구소돔의 사과, 애플. bird: 새, 엽조, 비행기-들새를 관찰하다, 야유, 녀석, 새를 잡다, 조롱하는 소리, 미사일, 형기, 사람, 빈정거리는 소리. broomstick: 빗자루. crutch: 협장, 까치발, 목다리, 버팀목, 샅, 여자용 안장의 등자, 당목 모양의 지팡이, 고물의 팔꿈치꼴 버팀목, 목다리로 걷다, 크러치, 차주.

digging: 채광, 금광, 채굴지, 파기, peelings: 껍질 벗기기. 하숙, 광산. snake: 뱀, 뒤틀다, 꿈틀거리다, feeding: 급송, 급수, 송전, 목초지, 꿈틀꿈틀 움직이다, 음흉한 사람, 먹음, 사양, 거세지는, 급송하는, 잡아 끌다, 말 살며시 가벼리다, 말 음식물을 섭취하는, 섭식. 없이 가벼리다, 묶다, 뱀 같은 인간, fur: 모피, 거웃, 부드러운 털, 와이어로 하수관을 청소하다. 부드러운 모피를 붙이다, 백태가 stick: 붙이다, 찌르다, 잔가지, 조종간, 생기다, 외음부, 모피의, 부드러운털, 단장, 나무토막, 지팡이 멍청이, 연속 모피 동물, 백태. 무하 폭탄, 고착 시키다, 엄청난 값을 horrified: 겁에 질린, 충격 받은, 부르다, 걸리게 하다. 공포를 나타내는.

228

The Jungle

she thought that it must have something to do with religion, and the priest did not like her to have anything to do with strange religions. They were rich people who came to live there to find out about the poor people; but what good they expected it would do them to know, one could not imagine. So spoke Elzbieta, naïvely, and the young lady laughed and was rather at a loss for an answer—she stood and gazed about her, and thought of a cynical remark that had been made to her, that she was standing upon the brink of the pit of hell and throwing in snowballs to lower the temperature.% Elzbieta was glad to have somebody to listen, and she told all their woes— what had happened to Ona, and the jail, and the loss of their home, and Marija's accident, and how Ona had died, and how Jurgis could get no work. As she listened the pretty young lady's eyes filled with tears, and in the midst of it she burst into weeping and hid her face on Elzbieta's shoulder, quite regardless of the fact that the woman had on a dirty old wrapper and that the garret was full of fleas. Poor Elzbieta was ashamed of herself for having told so woeful a tale, and the other had to beg and plead with her to get her to go on. The end of it was that the young lady sent them a basket of things to eat, and left a letter that Jurgis was to take to a gentleman who was superintendent in one of the mills of the great steelworks in South Chicago. "He will get Jurgis something to do," the young lady had said, and added, smiling through her tears—"If he doesn't, he will never marry me." The steel-works were fifteen miles away, and as usual it was so contrived that one had to pay two fares to get there. Far and wide the sky was flaring with the red glare that leaped from rows of towering chimneys—for it was pitch dark when Jurgis arrived. The vast works, a city in themselves, were surrounded by a stockade; and already a full hundred men were waiting at the gate where new hands were taken on. Soon after daybreak whistles began to blow, and then suddenly thousands of men appeared, streaming from saloons and boardinghouses across the way, leaping from trolley cars that passed—it seemed as if they rose out of the ground, in the dim gray light. A river of them poured in through the gate—and then gradually ebbed away again, until there were only a

Korean cynical: 빈정대는, 냉소적인, 견유학파의, 세상을 백안시하는. flaring: 나팔꽃 모양의, 현란한, 벌어진, 타오르는, 저속하고 번지르르한, 너울너울 타는, 활활 타는. gentleman: 남자분, 신사, 모험가, 종복, 협잡꾼, 지체높은사람, 수입이 있지만 직업이 없는남자, 남자용 변소, 남자, 유한계급, 그 남자. glare: 눈에 띄다, 번쩍이는 빛,

날카로운 눈씨, 노려 흘겨 보다, 눈부신 빛, 현란함, 얼어 붙은 얼음의 표면, 야함, 번쩍번쩍 빛나다, 현란하다, 눈을 부릅뜨고 나타나다. gradually: 차차, 차례로, 차츰, 단계적으로, 점차로. pitch: 던지다, 고정 위치, 투구, 투구하다, 피치, 수지, 송진, 아래로 기울다, 치다, 투수를 맡다, 뒷질하다. religion: 종교, 신앙, 종파, 신교, 신조, 주의, 교, 광신자, 신앙심이 깊은

체하기, 광신, 사이비신자. sky: 하늘, 날씨, 천국, 느닷없이, 기후, 창공, 높이 날리다, 경관, 천장 가까이에 진열하다. steelworks: 제강소. stockade: 방책, 영창, 울타리를 둘러 친곳, 울타리로 둘러치다, 말뚝의 방파제, 방책의 울, 울타리를 둘러치다, 말뚝을 둘러치다. vast: 광대한, 막대한, 거대한, 대단한, 굉장한, 광활한 넓이.

Upton Sinclair

229

few late ones running, and the watchman pacing up and down, and the hungry strangers stamping and shivering.% Jurgis presented his precious letter. The gatekeeper was surly, and put him through a catechism, but he insisted that he knew nothing, and as he had taken the precaution to seal his letter, there was nothing for the gatekeeper to do but send it to the person to whom it was addressed. A messenger came back to say that Jurgis should wait, and so he came inside of the gate, perhaps not sorry enough that there were others less fortunate watching him with greedy eyes. The great mills were getting under way—one could hear a vast stirring, a rolling and rumbling and hammering. Little by little the scene grew plain: towering, black buildings here and there, long rows of shops and sheds, little railways branching everywhere, bare gray cinders underfoot and oceans of billowing black smoke above. On one side of the grounds ran a railroad with a dozen tracks, and on the other side lay the lake, where steamers came to load. Jurgis had time enough to stare and speculate, for it was two hours before he was summoned. He went into the office building, where a company timekeeper interviewed him. The superintendent was busy, he said, but he (the timekeeper) would try to find Jurgis a job. He had never worked in a steel mill before? But he was ready for anything? Well, then, they would go and see. So they began a tour, among sights that made Jurgis stare amazed. He wondered if ever he could get used to working in a place like this, where the air shook with deafening thunder, and whistles shrieked warnings on all sides of him at once; where miniature steam engines came rushing upon him, and sizzling, quivering, white-hot masses of metal sped past him, and explosions of fire and flaming sparks dazzled him and scorched his face. Then men in these mills were all black with soot, and hollow-eyed and gaunt; they worked with fierce intensity, rushing here and there, and never lifting their eyes from their tasks. Jurgis clung to his guide like a scared child to its nurse, and while the latter hailed one foreman after another to ask if they could use another unskilled man, he stared about him and marveled.

Korean amazed: 놀란. branching: 가지, 분기, 가지를 내뻗은, 갈래. catechism: 교리문답서, 문답식 교수법, 잇달은 질문, 교리문답, 문답식 교과서, 성공회 문답, 공교 요리, 교리 문답, 교리 문답서. flaming: 과장된, 열렬한, 타는 듯한, 열정에 불타는, 불타는, 현란한, 타오르는, 눈이 이글이글 빛난는, 불을 뿜는, 색채가 타는듯이 빨간,

타는 듯이 붉은. gatekeeper: 문지기, 건널목지기, 나비의 일종, 정보의 누설을 통제하는 사람, 수위. hammering: 망치로 침, 해머로 치는, 맹타, 두드려 만든 무늬, 탕탕치는, 망치로 치는 소리. precaution: 경계, 예방책, 조심. rumbling: 소문, 투덜대기, 우르르소리내는, 우르르소리, 불평, 불만.

sizzling: 지글지글 소리내는, 몹시 뜨거운. soot: 그을음, 검댕, 그을음투성이로 하다. surly: 지르퉁한, 무뚝뚝한, 까다로운, 기분이 언짢아하는, 거친. timekeeper: 시계, 계시기, 박자를 맞추는 사람, 작업 시간계. underfoot: 짓밟아, 가는길에 방해가 되어, 멸시하여, 발밑에, 발 밑에, 거치적거려, 발밑의.

230

The Jungle

He%was taken to the Bessemer furnace, where they made billets of steel—a domelike building, the size of a big theater. Jurgis stood where the balcony of the theater would have been, and opposite, by the stage, he saw three giant caldrons, big enough for all the devils of hell to brew their broth in, full of something white and blinding, bubbling and splashing, roaring as if volcanoes were blowing through it—one had to shout to be heard in the place. Liquid fire would leap from these caldrons and scatter like bombs below—and men were working there, seeming careless, so that Jurgis caught his breath with fright. Then a whistle would toot, and across the curtain of the theater would come a little engine with a carload of something to be dumped into one of the receptacles; and then another whistle would toot, down by the stage, and another train would back up—and suddenly, without an instant's warning, one of the giant kettles began to tilt and topple, flinging out a jet of hissing, roaring flame. Jurgis shrank back appalled, for he thought it was an accident; there fell a pillar of white flame, dazzling as the sun, swishing like a huge tree falling in the forest. A torrent of sparks swept all the way across the building, overwhelming everything, hiding it from sight; and then Jurgis looked through the fingers of his hands, and saw pouring out of the caldron a cascade of living, leaping fire, white with a whiteness not of earth, scorching the eyeballs. Incandescent rainbows shone above it, blue, red, and golden lights played about it; but the stream itself was white, ineffable. Out of regions of wonder it streamed, the very river of life; and the soul leaped up at the sight of it, fled back upon it, swift and resistless, back into far-off lands, where beauty and terror dwell. Then the great caldron tilted back again, empty, and Jurgis saw to his relief that no one was hurt, and turned and followed his guide out into the sunlight. They went through the blast furnaces, through rolling mills where bars of steel were tossed about and chopped like bits of cheese. All around and above giant machine arms were flying, giant wheels were turning, great hammers crashing; traveling cranes creaked and groaned overhead, reaching down iron hands and seizing iron prey—it was like standing in the center of the earth, where the machinery of time was revolving.

Korean broth: 묽은수프, 묽은 수프. carload: 화차 한 대분의 화물, 자동차 한대분, 최소량의 톤수, 자동차 한 대분. cascade: 직렬, 작은 폭포, 종속, 폭포처럼 떨어뜨리다, 폭포가 되어 떨어지다, 폭포 모양의 레이스 장식, 현애 가꾸기, 인공폭포, 분기폭포, 갈라진 폭포, 직렬로 하다. hissing: 쉿소리 나기, 시이시이하기의 스음, 치찰음의, 쉭쉭하기의 스음.

ineffable: 말로 표현할 수 없는, 말해서는 안될. resistless: 저항하지 않는, 불가항력의, 저항할 수 없는, 저항 할 수 없는. revolving: 회전하는, 회전식의, 회전장치의, 선회하는, 윤전식의. scorching: 맹렬한, 태우는, 난폭한질주, 호된 태움, 호된, 태우는 듯한, 매우 뜨거운, 몹시 뜨거운, 난폭한 질주, 태움, 타는 듯이. sunlight: 햇빛, 일광.

theater: 극장, 연극계, 수술교실, 극, 활무대, 강당, 극작품, 관객, 연극. toot: 뚜우뚜우, 변소, 불다, 술잔치, 울다, 울어대다, 코카인, 코카인의 흡입, 피리 등을 불다, 흡입하다, 나팔 등을 불다. topple: 흔들리게 하다, 쓰러뜨리다, 쓰러지다, 흔들거리다, 근들거리게 하다, 넘어질 듯 근들거리다. whiteness: 흼, 순백함, 결백, 창백함, 창백, 순결, 백색 물질.

Upton Sinclair

231

By%and by they came to the place where steel rails were made; and Jurgis heard a toot behind him, and jumped out of the way of a car with a white-hot ingot upon it, the size of a man's body. There was a sudden crash and the car came to a halt, and the ingot toppled out upon a moving platform, where steel fingers and arms seized hold of it, punching it and prodding it into place, and hurrying it into the grip of huge rollers. Then it came out upon the other side, and there were more crashings and clatterings, and over it was flopped, like a pancake on a gridiron, and seized again and rushed back at you through another squeezer. So amid deafening uproar it clattered to and fro, growing thinner and flatter and longer. The ingot seemed almost a living thing; it did not want to run this mad course, but it was in the grip of fate, it was tumbled on, screeching and clanking and shivering in protest. By and by it was long and thin, a great red snake escaped from purgatory; and then, as it slid through the rollers, you would have sworn that it was alive—it writhed and squirmed, and wriggles and shudders passed out through its tail, all but flinging it off by their violence. There was no rest for it until it was cold and black—and then it needed only to be cut and straightened to be ready for a railroad. It was at the end of this rail's progress that Jurgis got his chance. They had to be moved by men with crowbars, and the boss here could use another man. So he took off his coat and set to work on the spot. It took him two hours to get to this place every day and cost him a dollar and twenty cents a week. As this was out of the question, he wrapped his bedding in a bundle and took it with him, and one of his fellow workingmen introduced him to a Polish lodginghouse, where he might have the privilege of sleeping upon the floor for ten cents a night. He got his meals at free-lunch counters, and every Saturday night he went home—bedding and all—and took the greater part of his money to the family. Elzbieta was sorry for this arrangement, for she feared that it would get him into the habit of living without them, and once a week was not very often for him to see his baby; but there was no other way of arranging it. There was no chance for a woman at the steelworks, and Marija

Korean arrangement: 준비, 각색, 정돈, 화해, 잉곳금은괴. 정리, 배치, 배열, 편곡, 협정. pancake: 팬케이크, 고형분, 수평 gridiron: 석쇠, 도로망, 격자 모양의 낙하, 수평 낙하하다, 프라이팬으로 것, 무대 천장의 창살 모양의 대들보, 얇고 판판하게 구운 팬케이크, 핫 미식축구장, 미식 축구 경기장, 창살 케이크, 털썩 떨어지기, 수평 낙하 모양의 것, 미국 국기. 착륙을 시키다, 수평 낙하 착륙을 halt: 망설이다, 정지, 정지시키다, 하다, 팬케이크에 의한 화장. 정류소, 다리를 절다, 불완전하다, privilege: 특권, 권리, 은전, 휴지시키다, 절름발이, 서, 멈추다, 특전으로서 면제하다, 특전, 특권을 간이역. 주다, 특별 취급, 기본적 인권에 의한 ingot: 주괴, 금괴로 만들다, 권리, 에게 특전을 부여하다, 에게

특권을 부여하다, 관직에 따르는 특권. rails: 철도주, 울타리. squeezer: 압착기, 오른편 윗 구석에 끝수가 적힌 카드 패, 착취자. thinner: 희석제, 얇게 하는 사람희석제제초하는사람, 용제, 얇게 하는 사람, 희석액, 얇게 하는 것, 가지 치는 사람, 제초하는 사람. violence: 폭력, 모독, 폭행, 난폭, 손해, 침해, 맹렬, 격렬함, 격렬.

232

The Jungle

was now ready for work again, and lured on from day to day by the hope of finding it at the yards.% In a week Jurgis got over his sense of helplessness and bewilderment in the rail mill. He learned to find his way about and to take all the miracles and terrors for granted, to work without hearing the rumbling and crashing. From blind fear he went to the other extreme; he became reckless and indifferent, like all the rest of the men, who took but little thought of themselves in the ardor of their work. It was wonderful, when one came to think of it, that these men should have taken an interest in the work they did—they had no share in it— they were paid by the hour, and paid no more for being interested. Also they knew that if they were hurt they would be flung aside and forgotten—and still they would hurry to their task by dangerous short cuts, would use methods that were quicker and more effective in spite of the fact that they were also risky. His fourth day at his work Jurgis saw a man stumble while running in front of a car, and have his foot mashed off, and before he had been there three weeks he was witness of a yet more dreadful accident. There was a row of brick furnaces, shining white through every crack with the molten steel inside. Some of these were bulging dangerously, yet men worked before them, wearing blue glasses when they opened and shut the doors. One morning as Jurgis was passing, a furnace blew out, spraying two men with a shower of liquid fire. As they lay screaming and rolling upon the ground in agony, Jurgis rushed to help them, and as a result he lost a good part of the skin from the inside of one of his hands. The company doctor bandaged it up, but he got no other thanks from any one, and was laid up for eight working days without any pay. Most fortunately, at this juncture, Elzbieta got the long-awaited chance to go at five o'clock in the morning and help scrub the office floors of one of the packers. Jurgis came home and covered himself with blankets to keep warm, and divided his time between sleeping and playing with little Antanas. Juozapas was away raking in the dump a good part of the time, and Elzbieta and Marija were hunting for more work.

Korean brick: 벽돌, 벽돌을 깔다, 벽돌로 둘러싸다, 호인, 집짓기 나무, 서글서글한 사람, 믿음직한 남자, 별돌 모양의 물건, 벽돌을 쌓다, 쌓기 놀이의 토막나무. bulging: 부풀리는, 부푼. dangerously: 몹시, 위태롭게, 위험하게. indifferent: 무관심한, 공평한, 중성의, 치우치지 않는, 개의치 않는, 평범한, 좋지도 나쁘지도 않은, 변변치

않은중성의, 중립의, 중요치 않은, shining: 화려한, 빛나는 뛰어난, 시원치 않은. 두드러진, 빛나는. liquid: 액체, 유음, 맑은, 유창한, shower: 소나기, 많음, 쏟아짐, 선물, 돈으로 바꿀 수 있는, 유음의, 유동체, 소나기로 적시다, 빗발치듯 내리다, 액체의, 투명한, 유려한, 시 따위 소나기가 쏟아지다, 뿌리다, 빗발 유려한. 치듯함, 샤워, 소나기가 오다. long-awaited: 대망의. stumble: 말을 더듬다, 실책, risky: 위험한, 모험적인, 외설한, 비틀거림, 비틀거리게 하다, 아슬아슬한, 말의 장면 따위가 망설이다, 실수, 더듬거리다, 음란한, 음란한, 연극의 장면 따위가 마주치다, 헛딛어 곱드러지다, 음란한. 망설이게 하다, 비틀거리다.

Upton Sinclair

233

Antanas was now over a year and a half old, and was a perfect talking machine. He learned so fast that every week when Jurgis came home it seemed to him as if he had a new child. He would sit down and listen and stare at him, and give vent to delighted exclamations—"Palauk! Muma! Tu mano szirdele!" The little fellow was now really the one delight that Jurgis had in the world—his one hope, his one victory. Thank God, Antanas was a boy! And he was as tough as a pine knot, and with the appetite of a wolf. Nothing had hurt him, and nothing could hurt him; he had come through all the suffering and deprivation unscathed—only shriller-voiced and more determined in his grip upon life. He was a terrible child to manage, was Antanas, but his father did not mind that— he would watch him and smile to himself with satisfaction. The more of a fighter he was the better—he would need to fight before he got through.% Jurgis had got the habit of buying the Sunday paper whenever he had the money; a most wonderful paper could be had for only five cents, a whole armful, with all the news of the world set forth in big headlines, that Jurgis could spell out slowly, with the children to help him at the long words. There was battle and murder and sudden death—it was marvelous how they ever heard about so many entertaining and thrilling happenings; the stories must be all true, for surely no man could have made such things up, and besides, there were pictures of them all, as real as life. One of these papers was as good as a circus, and nearly as good as a spree—certainly a most wonderful treat for a workingman, who was tired out and stupefied, and had never had any education, and whose work was one dull, sordid grind, day after day, and year after year, with never a sight of a green field nor an hour's entertainment, nor anything but liquor to stimulate his imagination. Among other things, these papers had pages full of comical pictures, and these were the main joy in life to little Antanas. He treasured them up, and would drag them out and make his father tell him about them; there were all sorts of animals among them, and Antanas could tell the names of all of them, lying upon the floor for hours and pointing them out with his chubby little fingers. Whenever the story was plain enough for Jurgis to make out, Antanas would have it repeated to him, and then he would remember it, prattling funny little sentences and mixing it up with other stories in an

Korean armful: 한아름의 분량, 한 팔 그득, 한 이름. chubby: 토실토실 살찐, 잘생긴 가슴, 통통한, 잘생긴 유방. deprivation: 면직, 저해, 상실, 박탈, 폐제. entertaining: 재미있는, 유쾌한. entertainment: 마음에 품음, 대접, 여녜, 연회, 오락, 여응, 환대, 연예, 주연. mixing: 혼성, 음량조정, 믹싱, 음량

조정, 영상 조정. 자릿자릿하게 하는. pictures: 영화. vent: 환기용 작은 창, 항문, 터진 구멍, stimulate: 흥분시키다, 자극이 되다, 터뜨리다, 에 구멍을 내다, 손구멍, 격려하다, 취하게 하다, 자극하다, 빠지는 구멍, 배출구를 찾아내다, 자극시키다, 격려가 되다, 기운을 배출구, 바람 구멍, 나갈 구멍을 돋우다. 터주다. suffering: 괴로움, 고통, 피해, 고생, wolf: 이리, 게걸스레 먹다, 수난, 재난, 재해, 괴로운. 잔인한사람, 이리 사냥을 하다, 색마, thrilling: 오싹하게 하는, 스릴 만점의, 늑대, 늑대 사냥을 하다, 유충, 교묘히 감격적인, 소름이 끼치는, 떨리는, 여자를 유혹하는 남자, 울프음, 장렬한, 두근두근하게 하는, 이리자리.

234

The Jungle

irresistible fashion. Also his quaint pronunciation of words was such a delight—and the phrases he would pick up and remember, the most outlandish and impossible things! The first time that the little rascal burst out with "God damn," his father nearly rolled off the chair with glee; but in the end he was sorry for this, for Antanas was soon "God-damning" everything and everybody.% And then, when he was able to use his hands, Jurgis took his bedding again and went back to his task of shifting rails. It was now April, and the snow had given place to cold rains, and the unpaved street in front of Aniele's house was turned into a canal. Jurgis would have to wade through it to get home, and if it was late he might easily get stuck to his waist in the mire. But he did not mind this much—it was a promise that summer was coming. Marija had now gotten a place as beef-trimmer in one of the smaller packing plants; and he told himself that he had learned his lesson now, and would meet with no more accidents— so that at last there was prospect of an end to their long agony. They could save money again, and when another winter came they would have a comfortable place; and the children would be off the streets and in school again, and they might set to work to nurse back into life their habits of decency and kindness. So once more Jurgis began to make plans and dream dreams. And then one Saturday night he jumped off the car and started home, with the sun shining low under the edge of a bank of clouds that had been pouring floods of water into the mud-soaked street. There was a rainbow in the sky, and another in his breast—for he had thirty-six hours' rest before him, and a chance to see his family. Then suddenly he came in sight of the house, and noticed that there was a crowd before the door. He ran up the steps and pushed his way in, and saw Aniele's kitchen crowded with excited women. It reminded him so vividly of the time when he had come home from jail and found Ona dying, that his heart almost stood still. "What's the matter?" he cried. A dead silence had fallen in the room, and he saw that every one was staring at him. "What's the matter?" he exclaimed again.

Korean comfortable: 안락한, 이불, 기분이 좋은, 마음 편한, 목도리, 기분좋은, 마음편한, 충분한. habits: 버릇, 습관. irresistible: 저항할 수 없는, 불문곡직의, 좋다 할수없는, 제어할 수 없는, 억누를수 없는, 사람을 녹이는싫다, 누를 수 없는, 꼼짝 못하게 하는. mire: 진흙, 수렁, 진창, 궁지, 진흙으로 더럽히다, 궁지에 몰아넣다,

진창에 빠지다. 가망, 기대, 시험하다, 단골이 될 듯한 nurse: 간호하다, 유모, 젖을 먹이다, 손님, 단골이 될 듯한 손님-찾다, 젖을 먹다, 보모, 공을 모아놓기, 답사하다, 전망. 간호사로 일하다, 간호사로서 quaint: 고풍이며 아취 있는, 색다르고 근무하다, 간호인, 보호목, 보호하다. 재미있는, 기이한, 별스러워 outlandish: 이국풍의, 색다른. 재미있는. pick: 따다, 고르다, 곡괭이, 이쑤시개, shifting: 이동하는, 바뀌는, 속임수, 뜯다, 비집어 열다, 골라잡다, 우비다, 협잡의, 이동, 수책을 부리는, 술책을 송곳, 쥐어뜯다, 찌르다. 부리는. pronunciation: 발음. vividly: 생생하게, 발랄하게, prospect: 예상, 시굴하다, 조망, 경치, 선명하게.

Upton Sinclair

235

And then, up in the garret, he heard sounds of wailing, in Marija's voice. He started for the ladder—and Aniele seized him by the arm. "No, no!" she exclaimed. "Don't go up there!" "What is it?" he shouted.% And the old woman answered him weakly: "It's Antanas. He's dead. He was drowned out in the street!"

Korean arm: 팔, 무기, 문장, 군사, 명과, 까치발, 병기, 후미, 팔걸이, 팔 보양의 것, 큰 가지. dead: 완전히, 죽은, 무감각한, 활기없는, 지쳐버린, 완전한, 죽은 듯이 고요함, 가장 생기가 없는 시각, 죽은 사람, 확실한, 몹시. drowned: 물에 빠져 죽은, 에 빠진, 몰두하고 있는. garret: 다락방, 머리, 제일윗층, 초라한 작은 방, 고미다락.

seized: 점유한. weakly: 약한, 병약한 약하게, 허약한, 갸날프게, 우유부단하게, 약하게, 물기 많게, 무기력하게, 가냘프게, 묽게, 병약한.

236

The Jungle

CHAPTER 22

Jurgis took the news in a peculiar way. He turned deadly pale, but he caught himself, and for half a minute stood in the middle of the room, clenching his hands tightly and setting his teeth. Then he pushed Aniele aside and strode into the next room and climbed the ladder.% In the corner was a blanket, with a form half showing beneath it; and beside it lay Elzbieta, whether crying or in a faint, Jurgis could not tell. Marija was pacing the room, screaming and wringing her hands. He clenched his hands tighter yet, and his voice was hard as he spoke. "How did it happen?" he asked. Marija scarcely heard him in her agony. He repeated the question, louder and yet more harshly. "He fell off the sidewalk!" she wailed. The sidewalk in front of the house was a platform made of half-rotten boards, about five feet above the level of the sunken street. "How did he come to be there?" he demanded. "He went—he went out to play," Marija sobbed, her voice choking her. "We couldn't make him stay in. He must have got caught in the mud!" "Are you sure that he is dead?" he demanded. "Ai! ai!" she wailed. "Yes; we had the doctor."

Korean ai: 세손가락나무늘보, 인공지능. beside: 비교하여, 벗어나서, 떨어져서, 곁에, 빗나가서, 와 비교하여, 외에, 을 벗어나서, 의 곁에, 의 곁에서. hard: 애써서, 열심히 일하는, 튼튼한, 단단한, 열심히, 굳은, 중노동, 징역, 딱딱한, 몹시, 상륙장. harshly: 거칠게, 엄하게, 귀에 거슬릴만큼, 거치게. middle: 중앙, 중부, 허리, 중간, 중명사몸통, 한가운데의, 중앙의,

중간물, 중간에 두다, 중간의, 중명사. spoke: 살, 에 살을 달다, 가로장, 바퀴 news: 보도, 뉴스, 기별, 정보, 진문, 멈추개, 타륜의 손잡이, 제륜자, 기사, 흥미있는 사건, 신문이름, 신문, 제동자로 바퀴를 멈추다, 단목, 소식, 색다른 사건. 스포우크, 살을 달다. setting: 짐, 식자, 작곡, 둠, 박아 넣기, stay: 지주, 연기하다, 견디다, 날세움, 악보, 한 배의 알, 환경, 놓음, 머무르다, 기다리다, 지속하다, 마무리칠. 인체로 있다, 억제, 묵다, 체제하다, showing: 전시, 외관, 새가 좋다, 진열, 버팀줄. 꾸밈, 모양새, 전람, 상영, 성적, sure: 확실히, 튼튼한, 꼭, 틀림없는, 전시회, 정세. 자신 있는, 확실히...하는, 확실한, sidewalk: 인도, 보도. 하다, 하는, 안전한.

Upton Sinclair

237

Then Jurgis stood a few seconds, wavering. He did not shed a tear. He took one glance more at the blanket with the little form beneath it, and then turned suddenly to the ladder and climbed down again. A silence fell once more in the room as he entered. He went straight to the door, passed out, and started down the street.% When his wife had died, Jurgis made for the nearest saloon, but he did not do that now, though he had his week's wages in his pocket. He walked and walked, seeing nothing, splashing through mud and water. Later on he sat down upon a step and hid his face in his hands and for half an hour or so he did not move. Now and then he would whisper to himself: "Dead! Dead!" Finally, he got up and walked on again. It was about sunset, and he went on and on until it was dark, when he was stopped by a railroad crossing. The gates were down, and a long train of freight cars was thundering by. He stood and watched it; and all at once a wild impulse seized him, a thought that had been lurking within him, unspoken, unrecognized, leaped into sudden life. He started down the track, and when he was past the gate-keeper's shanty he sprang forward and swung himself on to one of the cars. By and by the train stopped again, and Jurgis sprang down and ran under the car, and hid himself upon the truck. Here he sat, and when the train started again, he fought a battle with his soul. He gripped his hands and set his teeth together—he had not wept, and he would not—not a tear! It was past and over, and he was done with it—he would fling it off his shoulders, be free of it, the whole business, that night. It should go like a black, hateful nightmare, and in the morning he would be a new man. And every time that a thought of it assailed him—a tender memory, a trace of a tear—he rose up, cursing with rage, and pounded it down. He was fighting for his life; he gnashed his teeth together in his desperation. He had been a fool, a fool! He had wasted his life, he had wrecked himself, with his accursed weakness; and now he was done with it—he would tear it out of him, root and branch! There should be no more tears and no more tenderness; he had had enough of them—they had sold him into slavery! Now he was going

Korean battle: 투쟁, 전투, 싸움, 승리, 교전, 정착하다, 자손, 시조, 뿌리박다, 전쟁, 고투하다, 분투하다, 와 싸우다, 근절하다, 초목, 뿌리의. 싸우다, 투쟁하다. tear: 눈물, 쥐어뜯다, 찢다, branch: 가지, 지맥, 분가, 갈라지다, 분열시키다, 비애, 할퀴다, 질주하다, 지류, 출장소, 분파, 가지를내다, 잡아뜯다, 미친듯이 날뛰다, 분기, 가지 모양의 물건, 가지를 괴롭히다, 돌진하다. 갈라지게 하다. tender: 허약한, 간호인, 부드러운, fighting: 싸움, 전투의, 전투, 논쟁, 제출하다, 입찰하다, 부속선, 감시인, 다툼, 투쟁 싸우는, 회전, 전투용의, 입찰, 제공, 친절한, 탄수차. 화이팅. thundering: 엄청나게, 터무니없는, root: 뿌리, 어근, 근원, 찾다, 우뢰같이 울리는, 우뢰같은,

터무니없이, 매우, 뇌성같이 울리는, 뇌성 같은, 거대한, 우뢰 같은. trace: 선, 발자국, 봇줄, 나아가다, 발견하다, 그리다, 흔적, 베끼다, 의 유래를 조사하다, 조금, 추적하다. unrecognized: 인식되지 않은. unspoken: 입밖에 내지 않은, 무언의. wavering: 떨리는, 흔들리는. weakness: 우둔, 불충분, 결점, 약함, 우유부단, 약점, 저능, 유약, 박약, 마음이 약함, 나약.

238

The Jungle

to be free, to tear off his shackles, to rise up and fight. He was glad that the end had come—it had to come some time, and it was just as well now. This was no world for women and children, and the sooner they got out of it the better for them. Whatever Antanas might suffer where he was, he could suffer no more than he would have had he stayed upon earth. And meantime his father had thought the last thought about him that he meant to; he was going to think of himself, he was going to fight for himself, against the world that had baffled him and tortured him! So he went on, tearing up all the flowers from the garden of his soul, and setting his heel upon them. The train thundered deafeningly, and a storm of dust blew in his face; but though it stopped now and then through the night, he clung where he was— he would cling there until he was driven off, for every mile that he got from Packingtown meant another load from his mind.% Whenever the cars stopped a warm breeze blew upon him, a breeze laden with the perfume of fresh fields, of honeysuckle and clover. He snuffed it, and it made his heart beat wildly—he was out in the country again! He was going to live in the country! When the dawn came he was peering out with hungry eyes, getting glimpses of meadows and woods and rivers. At last he could stand it no longer, and when the train stopped again he crawled out. Upon the top of the car was a brakeman, who shook his fist and swore; Jurgis waved his hand derisively, and started across the country. Only think that he had been a countryman all his life; and for three long years he had never seen a country sight nor heard a country sound! Excepting for that one walk when he left jail, when he was too much worried to notice anything, and for a few times that he had rested in the city parks in the winter time when he was out of work, he had literally never seen a tree! And now he felt like a bird lifted up and borne away upon a gale; he stopped and stared at each new sight of wonder—at a herd of cows, and a meadow full of daisies, at hedgerows set thick with June roses, at little birds singing in the trees.

Korean baffled: 실패하는. brakeman: 제동수. breeze: 산들바람, 소문, 나아가다, 법석, 산들바람이 불다, 소동, 싸움, 풍파, 등에, 미풍, 분탄. cling: 달라붙다, 집착하다, 배어들다, 착 달라 붙다, 접근을 유지하다, 애착을 가지고 떨어지지 않다, 따라서 나아가다, 들러붙다, 달라붙어 안 떨어지다, 고수하다, 달라 붙다. clover: 클로버, 토끼풀.

derisively: 비웃듯이, 비웃으며, 업신여기여, 조롱하여. dust: 먼지, 흙, 가루, 티끌, 인체, 유해, 쓰레기, 분말, 무덤, 먼지를 떨다, 굴욕을 받고. herd: 군중, 몰아 모으다, 지키다, 무리, 떼지어 모이다, 민중.목자, 목자, 민중, 떼를 짓다, 떼를 모으다, 군중의. honeysuckle: 인동덩굴, 인동덩굴의 무리.

laden: 실린, 고민하는, 괴로워하는, 짐을 실은. meadow: 목초지, 강변의 낮은 풀밭. perfume: 향수, 향료, 방향, 향수를 뿌리다, 방향을 내다, 에 향수를 뿌리다. roses: 장미빛의 안색. suffer: 입다, 견디다, 당하다, 병에 걸리다, 괴로워하다, 손해를 입다, 겪다, 고생하다, 허용하여, 아파하다, 하게 하다.

Upton Sinclair

239

Then he came to a farm-house, and after getting himself a stick for protection, he approached it. The farmer was greasing a wagon in front of the barn, and Jurgis went to him. "I would like to get some breakfast, please," he said.% "Do you want to work?" said the farmer. "No," said Jurgis. "I don't." "Then you can't get anything here," snapped the other. "I meant to pay for it," said Jurgis. "Oh," said the farmer; and then added sarcastically, "We don't serve breakfast after 7 A.M." "I am very hungry," said Jurgis gravely; "I would like to buy some food." "Ask the woman," said the farmer, nodding over his shoulder. The "woman" was more tractable, and for a dime Jurgis secured two thick sandwiches and a piece of pie and two apples. He walked off eating the pie, as the least convenient thing to carry. In a few minutes he came to a stream, and he climbed a fence and walked down the bank, along a woodland path. By and by he found a comfortable spot, and there he devoured his meal, slaking his thirst at the stream. Then he lay for hours, just gazing and drinking in joy; until at last he felt sleepy, and lay down in the shade of a bush. When he awoke the sun was shining hot in his face. He sat up and stretched his arms, and then gazed at the water sliding by. There was a deep pool, sheltered and silent, below him, and a sudden wonderful idea rushed upon him. He might have a bath! The water was free, and he might get into it—all the way into it! It would be the first time that he had been all the way into the water since he left Lithuania! When Jurgis had first come to the stockyards he had been as clean as any workingman could well be. But later on, what with sickness and cold and hunger and discouragement, and the filthiness of his work, and the vermin in his home, he had given up washing in winter, and in summer only as much of him as would go into a basin. He had had a shower bath in jail, but nothing since—and now he would have a swim!

Korean barn: 헛간, 가축 우리 겸용의 헛간, 전차 차고, 광, 전차, 전버스, 반, 헛간에 저장하다, 휑뎅그렁한 건물, 헛간에 넣다. basin: 대야, 세면기, 웅덩이 유역, 분지, 한 대야 가득, 반층, 웅덩이, 독. filthiness: 오물성, 음담패설성. gravely: 자갈을 깐, 귀에 거슬리는, 자갈이 많은, 자갈의. greasing: 기름치는 것. pie: 파이, 거저 먹기, 까치, 썩 좋은것,

뇌물, 크림 샌드위치. sarcastically: 비꼬듯이, 실랄하게. shade: 그늘, 망령, 땅거미, 차양, 색조, 저승, 그늘지게하다, 색의 뉘앙스, 바림하다, 으로부터 빛을 막다, 어둠. sleepy: 졸음이 오는 듯한, 졸린, 너무 익어 속이 썩기 시작한, 잠자는 듯한, 졸리는. sliding: 변화하는, 미끄러지는, 미끄러져 움직이는. stream: 시내, 흐르다, 흐름, 펄럭이다,

풍조, 경향, 흘리다, 유출시키다, 정보의 흐름, 펄럭이게 하다, 물결. swim: 헤엄치다, 물고기의 부레, 수영, 띄우다, 미끄러지다, 뜨다, 넘치다, 헤엄치는 시간, 헤엄, 헤엄치게 하다, 현기증이 나다. thirst: 갈증, 갈망, 갈망하다, 목마름, 한잔 마시고 싶다, 목마르다. tractable: 세공하기 쉬운, 유순한, 다루기 쉬운, 취급하기 쉬운. woodland: 삼림지, 삼림지의.

240

The Jungle

The water was warm, and he splashed about like a very boy in his glee. Afterward he sat down in the water near the bank, and proceeded to scrub himself—soberly and methodically, scouring every inch of him with sand. While he was doing it he would do it thoroughly, and see how it felt to be clean. He even scrubbed his head with sand, and combed what the men called "crumbs" out of his long, black hair, holding his head under water as long as he could, to see if he could not kill them all. Then, seeing that the sun was still hot, he took his clothes from the bank and proceeded to wash them, piece by piece; as the dirt and grease went floating off downstream he grunted with satisfaction and soused the clothes again, venturing even to dream that he might get rid of the fertilizer.% He hung them all up, and while they were drying he lay down in the sun and had another long sleep. They were hot and stiff as boards on top, and a little damp on the underside, when he awakened; but being hungry, he put them on and set out again. He had no knife, but with some labor he broke himself a good stout club, and, armed with this, he marched down the road again. Before long he came to a big farmhouse, and turned up the lane that led to it. It was just suppertime, and the farmer was washing his hands at the kitchen door. "Please, sir," said Jurgis, "can I have something to eat? I can pay." To which the farmer responded promptly, "We don't feed tramps here. Get out!" Jurgis went without a word; but as he passed round the barn he came to a freshly ploughed and harrowed field, in which the farmer had set out some young peach trees; and as he walked he jerked up a row of them by the roots, more than a hundred trees in all, before he reached the end of the field. That was his answer, and it showed his mood; from now on he was fighting, and the man who hit him would get all that he gave, every time. Beyond the orchard Jurgis struck through a patch of woods, and then a field of winter grain, and came at last to another road. Before long he saw another farmhouse, and, as it was beginning to cloud over a little, he asked here for shelter as well as food. Seeing the farmer eying him dubiously, he added, "I'll be glad to sleep in the barn."

Korean armed: 무장한. cloud: 구름, 흐림, 더럽히다, 구름 무늬로 아로새기다, 구름으로 덮다, 흐리다, 흐리게 하다, 애매하게 만들다, 부드러운 스카프, 먼지, 어둠. drying: 건조한여름에 볕 쬐기, 건조. dubiously: 반신반의하여, 모호하게, 의심스럽게, 수상하게. farmhouse: 농가. grain: 곡물, 낟알, 그레인, 미량, 성질, 나뭇결, 돌결, 알로 만들다, 특성,

성미, 껄걸한 면. orchard: 과수원, 과수원의 전체 과수. patch: 반점, 작은 지면, 깁는 헝겊, 일시 미봉하다, 패치, 경작한 좁은 지면, 한 번 바르는 분량의 고약, 에 바대를 대다, 에 쇳조각 따위를 대다, 멋으로 붙이는 헝겊, 헝겊 조각. peach: 복숭아, 미인, 멋진 것, 복숭아 빛, 복숭아의, 밀고하다, 복숭아빛의, 멋있는 사람, 멋있는 것. scouring: 연마, 설사, 정련, 오물,

인간쓰레기, 진흙, 쓰레기, 인간 폐물. shelter: 방공호, 보호하다, 피난하다, 보호물, 은신처, 차페물, 주거, 햇빛을 피하다, 비호하다, 비호, 대피호. soused: 소금에 절인. suppertime: 저녁식사 시간. underside: 아랫면, 밑면. washing: 세탁물, 씻겨 나온것, 빨래물, 빨래, 세탁, 세탁용의, 세광하여 채취한 사금, 씻음, 엷은 피복, 물.

Upton Sinclair

241

"Well, I dunno," said the other. "Do you smoke?" "Sometimes," said Jurgis, "but I'll do it out of doors." When the man had assented, he inquired, "How much will it cost me? I haven't very much money." "I reckon about twenty cents for supper," replied the farmer. "I won't charge ye for the barn." So Jurgis went in, and sat down at the table with the farmer's wife and half a dozen children. It was a bountiful meal—there were baked beans and mashed potatoes and asparagus chopped and stewed, and a dish of strawberries, and great, thick slices of bread, and a pitcher of milk. Jurgis had not had such a feast since his wedding day, and he made a mighty effort to put in his twenty cents' worth.% They were all of them too hungry to talk; but afterward they sat upon the steps and smoked, and the farmer questioned his guest. When Jurgis had explained that he was a workingman from Chicago, and that he did not know just whither he was bound, the other said, "Why don't you stay here and work for me?" "I'm not looking for work just now," Jurgis answered. "I'll pay ye good," said the other, eying his big form—"a dollar a day and board ye. Help's terrible scarce round here." "Is that winter as well as summer?" Jurgis demanded quickly. "N—no," said the farmer; "I couldn't keep ye after November—I ain't got a big enough place for that." "I see," said the other, "that's what I thought. When you get through working your horses this fall, will you turn them out in the snow?" (Jurgis was beginning to think for himself nowadays.) "It ain't quite the same," the farmer answered, seeing the point. "There ought to be work a strong fellow like you can find to do, in the cities, or some place, in the winter time."

Korean asparagus: 아스파라거스. bound: 범위, 경계, 행의, 열중하여, 되튀다, 뜀, 밀접한 관계에, 한계, 에 가려고, 결심을 한, 확실한. bountiful: 풍부한, 아낌없이 주는. dish: 접시에 담다, 요리, 푼주, 접시, 움푹해지다, 식품, 성적 매력이 있는 여자, 위성 방송, 미인, 그릇, 사발 모양으로 움푹 들어가게 하다. effort: 노력, 노력의 성과, 수고, 주로 모금 등의 운동, 작력, 역작, 작용력.

fall: 가을, 떨어지다, 분류되다, 폭포, 뽑히다, 함락, 우연히 오다, 쇠미, 강하하다, 내리막, 강하. guest: 손님, 빈객, 내방자, 숙박인, 기생 동물, 기생 식물. milk: 젖, 우유, 유체, 젖 모양의 액체, 통신을 도청하다, 젖이 나다, 전선에서 통신을 도청하다, 유제, 유액, 에서 젖을 짜다, 에서 착취하다. pitcher: 던지는 사람, 투수, 물주전자, 피처, 던져 싣는 사람, 짚 따위를

짐차에 던져 싣는 사람, 주머니 모양의 잎, 건초 따위를 짐차에 던져 싣는 사람, 가벼운 철제 타구봉. reckon: 세다, 기대하다, 계산하다, 생각하다, 단정하다, 간주하다, 평가하다, 판단하다, 돌리다. strawberries: 딸기. wedding: 결혼 기념식, 결혼, 혼례, 결합, 결혼식, 결혼의. whither: 어디로, 곳으로, 그 곳으로, 가는 곳.

242

The Jungle

"Yes," said Jurgis, "that's what they all think; and so they crowd into the cities, and when they have to beg or steal to live, then people ask 'em why they don't go into the country, where help is scarce." The farmer meditated awhile.% "How about when your money's gone?" he inquired, finally. "You'll have to, then, won't you?" "Wait till she's gone," said Jurgis; "then I'll see." He had a long sleep in the barn and then a big breakfast of coffee and bread and oatmeal and stewed cherries, for which the man charged him only fifteen cents, perhaps having been influenced by his arguments. Then Jurgis bade farewell, and went on his way. Such was the beginning of his life as a tramp. It was seldom he got as fair treatment as from this last farmer, and so as time went on he learned to shun the houses and to prefer sleeping in the fields. When it rained he would find a deserted building, if he could, and if not, he would wait until after dark and then, with his stick ready, begin a stealthy approach upon a barn. Generally he could get in before the dog got scent of him, and then he would hide in the hay and be safe until morning; if not, and the dog attacked him, he would rise up and make a retreat in battle order. Jurgis was not the mighty man he had once been, but his arms were still good, and there were few farm dogs he needed to hit more than once. Before long there came raspberries, and then blackberries, to help him save his money; and there were apples in the orchards and potatoes in the ground— he learned to note the places and fill his pockets after dark. Twice he even managed to capture a chicken, and had a feast, once in a deserted barn and the other time in a lonely spot alongside of a stream. When all of these things failed him he used his money carefully, but without worry —for he saw that he could earn more whenever he chose. Half an hour's chopping wood in his lively fashion was enough to bring him a meal, and when the farmer had seen him working he would sometimes try to bribe him to stay. But Jurgis was not staying. He was a free man now, a buccaneer. The old Wanderlust had got into his blood, the joy of the unbound life, the joy of seeking,

Korean alongside: 곁에, 옆으로 대어, 와 나란히, 옆에, 옆으로 대고. beginning: 처음, 개시, 발단, 시작, 초기, 시초, 초기의. bribe: 뇌물, 증회하다, 뇌물로 매수하다. buccaneer: 해적, 해적질하다, 해적질을 하다. capture: 포획물, 포획, 획득하다, 점령, 사로잡다, 포착하다, 생포, 지배권을 쥐다, 잡다, 포착, 점령하다.

charged: 긴장된, 논쟁이 일어날 것 같은, 대전한, 마약에 취한, 실효전하를 가진, 일촉즉발의. chicken: 병아리, 닭, 어린애, 닭고기, 닭고기의, 겁 많은, 겁쟁이, 새새끼, 어린애의, 거짓말, 계집애. chopping: 찍기, 크고 튼튼한, 깎아치기, 벌목한 공지, 썰기, 삼각파가 이는, 자르기, 삼각파 가이는. farewell: 안녕, 고별, 작별의 인사,

작별의인사, 작별 인사를 하다, 작별. hay: 건초, 건초를 만들다, 마초, 잔돈의, 잔돈, 건초의. lonely: 쓸쓸한, 고립한, 고독한, 외톨이, 외로운, 인적이 드문, 고독하게. shun: 차렷, 기피하다, 피하다. stealthy: 몰래 한, 비밀의, 남의 눈을 피하는. unbound: 족쇄가 벗겨진, 매여 있지 않은.

Upton Sinclair

243

of%hoping without limit. There were mishaps and discomforts—but at least there was always something new; and only think what it meant to a man who for years had been penned up in one place, seeing nothing but one dreary prospect of shanties and factories, to be suddenly set loose beneath the open sky, to behold new landscapes, new places, and new people every hour! To a man whose whole life had consisted of doing one certain thing all day, until he was so exhausted that he could only lie down and sleep until the next day—and to be now his own master, working as he pleased and when he pleased, and facing a new adventure every hour! Then, too, his health came back to him, all his lost youthful vigor, his joy and power that he had mourned and forgotten! It came with a sudden rush, bewildering him, startling him; it was as if his dead childhood had come back to him, laughing and calling! What with plenty to eat and fresh air and exercise that was taken as it pleased him, he would waken from his sleep and start off not knowing what to do with his energy, stretching his arms, laughing, singing old songs of home that came back to him. Now and then, of course, he could not help but think of little Antanas, whom he should never see again, whose little voice he should never hear; and then he would have to battle with himself. Sometimes at night he would waken dreaming of Ona, and stretch out his arms to her, and wet the ground with his tears. But in the morning he would get up and shake himself, and stride away again to battle with the world. He never asked where he was nor where he was going; the country was big enough, he knew, and there was no danger of his coming to the end of it. And of course he could always have company for the asking—everywhere he went there were men living just as he lived, and whom he was welcome to join. He was a stranger at the business, but they were not clannish, and they taught him all their tricks—what towns and villages it was best to keep away from, and how to read the secret signs upon the fences, and when to beg and when to steal, and just how to do both. They laughed at his ideas of paying for anything with money or with work—for they got all they wanted without either. Now and then Jurgis camped out with a gang of them in some woodland haunt, and

Korean bewildering: 어리둥절케. childhood: 초기 단계, 유년기.어림, 어린시절, 유년, 유년 시대, 초기의 시대, 어린 시절. clannish: 씨족의, 당파적인, 배타적인. facing: 겉단장, 면함, 외장, 마무리, 깃달기, 향, 치장된 면, 마무리 치장, 외장재, 방향전환, 가선두르기. limit: 한계, 한도, 제한, 한정하다, 경계, 도박의 최대액, 한하다, 최대액, 참는 것의 극한, 지정가, 극한.

paying: 지불하는 지불, 지불하는 돈이 stretch: 기지개를 켜다, 펴다, 뻗다, 벌리는, 수지가 맞은, 지불하는, 돈이 펴지다, 펼치다, 뻗치다, 억지로 갖다 벌리는. 붙이다, 잡아당기다, 에 미치다, plenty: 많음, 풍부, 충분한, 많은, 손발을 뻗다, 긴장. 충분히, 충분, 충분히-많은, 충분한- stride: 쉽사리 헤어나다, 한걸음, 충분히, 가득함, 다량. 활보하다, 큰걸음, 큰 걸음으로 걷다, startling: 놀랄 만한, 기겁하게 하는. 성큼넘다, 급히 가다, 큰 걸음, 걸터 stranger: 손님, 제삼자, 낯선 사람, 앉다, 한걸음의 폭, 걸터 서다. 새로 온 사람, 무 경험자, 모르는 vigor: 활기, 정력, 활력, 원기, 구속력, 사람, 을 쌀쌀하게대하다, 여보세요, 힘. 문외한.

244

The Jungle

foraged with them in the neighborhood at night. And then among them some one would "take a shine" to him, and they would go off together and travel for a week, exchanging reminiscences.% Of these professional tramps a great many had, of course, been shiftless and vicious all their lives. But the vast majority of them had been workingmen, had fought the long fight as Jurgis had, and found that it was a losing fight, and given up. Later on he encountered yet another sort of men, those from whose ranks the tramps were recruited, men who were homeless and wandering, but still seeking work—seeking it in the harvest fields. Of these there was an army, the huge surplus labor army of society; called into being under the stern system of nature, to do the casual work of the world, the tasks which were transient and irregular, and yet which had to be done. They did not know that they were such, of course; they only knew that they sought the job, and that the job was fleeting. In the early summer they would be in Texas, and as the crops were ready they would follow north with the season, ending with the fall in Manitoba. Then they would seek out the big lumber camps, where there was winter work; or failing in this, would drift to the cities, and live upon what they had managed to save, with the help of such transient work as was there the loading and unloading of steamships and drays, the digging of ditches and the shoveling of snow. If there were more of them on hand than chanced to be needed, the weaker ones died off of cold and hunger, again according to the stern system of nature. It was in the latter part of July, when Jurgis was in Missouri, that he came upon the harvest work. Here were crops that men had worked for three or four months to prepare, and of which they would lose nearly all unless they could find others to help them for a week or two. So all over the land there was a cry for labor—agencies were set up and all the cities were drained of men, even college boys were brought by the carload, and hordes of frantic farmers would hold up trains and carry off wagonloads of men by main force. Not that they did not pay them well—any man could get two dollars a day and his board, and the best men could get two dollars and a half or three.

Korean casual: 우연의, 무심결의, 뜻하지 prepare: 준비하다, 각오시키다, 않은, 태평한, 임시의, 평상복, 조리하다-준비하다, 각오하고 있다, 캐주얼의, 그때 그때의, 뜻밖의, 남을 준비시키다, 불협화음을 조화 무관심한, 우발의. 음으로 하다, 불협화음을 조화된 drained: 수분제외. 음으로 하다, 조화 음으로 하다, ending: 종결, 어미, 말미, 결말, 사망, 준비하고 있다, 준비시키다, 조화된 활용 어미, 어미의, 종결의, 최후의, 음으로 하다. 최후. seek: 찾다, 와의 교제를바라다, fleeting: 덧없는, 무상한, 잠깐 동안의, 탐구하다, 구하다, 에 가다, 어느덧 지나가는, 빨리 지나가는, 하고자하다, 추구하다, 수색하다, 빨리지나가는. 노력하다, 얻으려 하다, 탐색하다.

shiftless: 무능한, 게으른, 두름성 없는, 뱅충맞은. surplus: 잉여, 여분, 나머지, 과잉의. transient: 덧없는, 일시적인, 단기 체류의, 단기 체류객, 과도 현상, 일시적인 사람, 일시적인 사물, 잠깐 머무르는, 외부에 작용하는. vicious: 지독한, 악의 있는, 부도덕한, 타락한, 악습이 있는, 부정확한, 버릇 나쁜, 결함이 있는, 사악한, 심한, 버릇이 고약한.

Upton Sinclair

245

The %harvest-fever was in the very air, and no man with any spirit in him could be in that region and not catch it. Jurgis joined a gang and worked from dawn till dark, eighteen hours a day, for two weeks without a break. Then he had a sum of money that would have been a fortune to him in the old days of misery—but what could he do with it now? To be sure he might have put it in a bank, and, if he were fortunate, get it back again when he wanted it. But Jurgis was now a homeless man, wandering over a continent; and what did he know about banking and drafts and letters of credit? If he carried the money about with him, he would surely be robbed in the end; and so what was there for him to do but enjoy it while he could? On a Saturday night he drifted into a town with his fellows; and because it was raining, and there was no other place provided for him, he went to a saloon. And there were some who treated him and whom he had to treat, and there was laughter and singing and good cheer; and then out of the rear part of the saloon a girl's face, red-cheeked and merry, smiled at Jurgis, and his heart thumped suddenly in his throat. He nodded to her, and she came and sat by him, and they had more drink, and then he went upstairs into a room with her, and the wild beast rose up within him and screamed, as it has screamed in the Jungle from the dawn of time. And then because of his memories and his shame, he was glad when others joined them, men and women; and they had more drink and spent the night in wild rioting and debauchery. In the van of the surplus-labor army, there followed another, an army of women, they also struggling for life under the stern system of nature. Because there were rich men who sought pleasure, there had been ease and plenty for them so long as they were young and beautiful; and later on, when they were crowded out by others younger and more beautiful, they went out to follow upon the trail of the workingmen. Sometimes they came of themselves, and the saloon-keepers shared with them; or sometimes they were handled by agencies, the same as the labor army. They were in the towns in harvest time, near the lumber camps in the winter, in the cities when the men came there; if a regiment were encamped, or a railroad or canal being made, or a great exposition getting ready, the crowd of women were on hand, living in shanties or saloons or tenement rooms, sometimes eight or ten of them together.

Korean continent: 대륙, 본토, 육지, 성욕을 절제하는, 자제심이 있는, 금욕의, 극기의, 정숙한, 자제하여, 배설 억제 능력이 있는, 금욕적인. debauchery: 방탕, 유혹, 유흥. ease: 안락, 안심시키다, 늦추다, 덜다, 편안, 여유, 쉬움, 마음놓고, 안심하다, 불안하여, 마음놓이지 않아. eighteen: 열여덟의 열여덟, 열여덟살, 열 여덟, 십팔.

exposition: 설명, 유기, 해설, 전람회, 정말로, 좋고말고. 박람회, 서설적 설명부, 주제 제시부. tenement: 차지, 가옥, 보유물, 차가, regiment: 연대, 연대로 편성하다, 자유 보유권, 자유 보유 부동산 권, 다수, 조직화 하다, 조직화하다, 보유 재산, 아파트. 통제하다, 대군, 엄격히 통제하다, treat: 대접하다, 논하다, 대우하다, 많은 무리, 지배, 연대에 편성하다. 간주하다, 취급하다, 한턱, 향응하다, struggling: 분투하는, 생활고와 향음, 한턱내다, 즐거운 일, 처리하다. 싸우는, 기를쓰는, 발버둥치는, van: 전위, 선도자, 선구, 유개 화차, 노력하는. 유개트럭, 선진, 부가 가치 통신망, surely: 확실히, 꼭, 설마, 안전하게, 유개 운반차에 싣다, 유개로 틀림없이, 기필코, 결코, 반드시, 운반하다, 키, 유개 트럭.

246

The Jungle

In the morning Jurgis had not a cent, and he went out upon the road again. He was sick and disgusted, but after the new plan of his life, he crushed his feelings down. He had made a fool of himself, but he could not help it now—all he could do was to see that it did not happen again. So he tramped on until exercise and fresh air banished his headache, and his strength and joy returned. This happened to him every time, for Jurgis was still a creature of impulse, and his pleasures had not yet become business. It would be a long time before he could be like the majority of these men of the road, who roamed until the hunger for drink and for women mastered them, and then went to work with a purpose in mind, and stopped when they had the price of a spree.% On the contrary, try as he would, Jurgis could not help being made miserable by his conscience. It was the ghost that would not down. It would come upon him in the most unexpected places—sometimes it fairly drove him to drink. One night he was caught by a thunderstorm, and he sought shelter in a little house just outside of a town. It was a working-man's home, and the owner was a Slav like himself, a new emigrant from White Russia; he bade Jurgis welcome in his home language, and told him to come to the kitchen-fire and dry himself. He had no bed for him, but there was straw in the garret, and he could make out. The man's wife was cooking the supper, and their children were playing about on the floor. Jurgis sat and exchanged thoughts with him about the old country, and the places where they had been and the work they had done. Then they ate, and afterward sat and smoked and talked more about America, and how they found it. In the middle of a sentence, however, Jurgis stopped, seeing that the woman had brought a big basin of water and was proceeding to undress her youngest baby. The rest had crawled into the closet where they slept, but the baby was to have a bath, the workingman explained. The nights had begun to be chilly, and his mother, ignorant as to the climate in America, had sewed him up for the winter; then it had turned warm again, and some kind of a rash had broken out on the child. The doctor had said she must bathe him every night, and she, foolish woman, believed him.

Korean bath: 목욕, 목욕통-목욕하다, 목욕실, 바드 훈의, 온천장, 피 투성이가 된 상태, 용액, 욕조, 목욕하다, 땀 투성이가 된 상태, 목욕통. bathe: 미역, 잠그다, 적시다, 씻다해수욕, 끼얹다, 목욕하다, 뒤덮이다, 씻다, 뒤덮다, 담그다, 헤엄치다. chilly: 냉담한, 냉랭하게, 냉랭한, 오싹한, 차가운, 하기가 나는, 찬, 으스스한, 추위를 타는. climate: 기후, 풍토, 사조, 사회.시대의

풍조, 풍조, 토지. closet: 벽장, 사실, 비밀의, 변소, 작은 방, 비실제적인, 변기, 밀담시키다, 들어박히다, 들어박혀 있다, 다락장. disgusted: 메스꺼워찌게 하는. emigrant: 이주하는, 이민, 이주성의, 이민의. fairly: 공정히, 꽤, 아주, 명료하게, 완전히, 상당히, 정말로, 요정같이, 어지간히, 뚜렷이, 그런대로. owner: 임자, 소유자, 화주.

rash: 무모한, 발진, 뾰루지, 지각없는, 성급한, 무분별한, 부스럼, 빈발, 다발, 경솔한, 조급한. sentence: 문장, 선고, 판결, 형벌, 악구, 결정, 의견, 선고하다, 금언, 악절, 명제. thunderstorm: 천둥치는 폭풍우, 뇌우. welcome: 환영, 환영받는, 환영하다, 고마운, 어서 오십쇼, 환영합니다, 어서 오세요, 맞다, 잘 오셨습니다, 천만에요, 기쁜.

Upton Sinclair

247

Jurgis scarcely heard the explanation; he was watching the baby. He was about a year old, and a sturdy little fellow, with soft fat legs, and a round ball of a stomach, and eyes as black as coals. His pimples did not seem to bother him much, and he was wild with glee over the bath, kicking and squirming and chuckling with delight, pulling at his mother's face and then at his own little toes. When she put him into the basin he sat in the midst of it and grinned, splashing the water over himself and squealing like a little pig. He spoke in Russian, of which Jurgis knew some; he spoke it with the quaintest of baby accents—and every word of it brought back to Jurgis some word of his own dead little one, and stabbed him like a knife. He sat perfectly motionless, silent, but gripping his hands tightly, while a storm gathered in his bosom and a flood heaped itself up behind his eyes. And in the end he could bear it no more, but buried his face in his hands and burst into tears, to the alarm and amazement of his hosts. Between the shame of this and his woe Jurgis could not stand it, and got up and rushed out into the rain.% He went on and on down the road, finally coming to a black woods, where he hid and wept as if his heart would break. Ah, what agony was that, what despair, when the tomb of memory was rent open and the ghosts of his old life came forth to scourge him! What terror to see what he had been and now could never be—to see Ona and his child and his own dead self stretching out their arms to him,calling to him across a bottomless abyss—and to know that they were gone from him forever, and he writhing and suffocating in the mire of his own vileness!

Korean amazement: 놀람, 소스라침. finally: 최후로, 마침내, 최종적으로. ball: 공, 야구, 구, 구기, 공놀이, 탄환, knife: 나이프, 메스, 식칼, 단도로 남자, 천체, 포환, 무도회, 용기. 찌르다, 나이프로 베다, 비겁한 bother: 괴롭히다, 번민하다, 수법으로 해치우려 하다, 칼, 수술용 귀찮게하다, 괴로워하다, 에게 칼, 해치우려고 하다, 헤치며 폐끼치다, 귀찮음, 걱정하다, 나아가다, 음흉한 수단으로 조무래기 싸움, 을 저주하다, 성가신 해치우려고 하다. 일, 을 괴롭히다. pig: 돼지, 돼지고기, 추접스러운, 새끼 explanation: 설명, 변명, 뜻, 해명, 돼지, 무쇠덩이, 게걸스러운, 도는 해석, 해설, 설명이 되는 말, 의견 욕심 맣은 돼지 같은 사람, 도는 욕심 나누기. 많은 돼지 같은 사람, 돼지 같이

지저분한 사람, 돼지 고기, 금속의 주괴. scourge: 천벌, 몹시 괴롭히다, 매질하다, 채찍, 벌하다, 매, 징벌하다, 채찍질하다. self: 자기, 본인, 사욕, 이기심, 단일의, 진수, 귀사, 자아, 귀점, 자신, 나. stomach: 위, 식욕, 욕망, 참다, 먹다, 삼키다, 소화하다, 기호, 기분, 복부. sturdy: 억센, 불굴의, 완강한, 건전한, 우람스러운.

248

The Jungle

CHAPTER 23

Early%in the fall Jurgis set out for Chicago again. All the joy went out of tramping as soon as a man could not keep warm in the hay; and, like many thousands of others, he deluded himself with the hope that by coming early he could avoid the rush. He brought fifteen dollars with him, hidden away in one of his shoes, a sum which had been saved from the saloon-keepers, not so much by his conscience, as by the fear which filled him at the thought of being out of work in the city in the winter time. He traveled upon the railroad with several other men, hiding in freight cars at night, and liable to be thrown off at any time, regardless of the speed of the train. When he reached the city he left the rest, for he had money and they did not, and he meant to save himself in this fight. He would bring to it all the skill that practice had brought him, and he would stand, whoever fell. On fair nights he would sleep in the park or on a truck or an empty barrel or box, and when it was rainy or cold he would stow himself upon a shelf in a ten-cent lodginghouse, or pay three cents for the privileges of a "squatter" in a tenement hallway. He would eat at free lunches, five cents a meal, and never a cent more—so he might keep alive for two months and more, and in that time he would surely find a job. He would have to bid farewell to his summer cleanliness, of course, for he would come out of the first night's lodging with his clothes alive with vermin. There was no place in the city where he could wash

Korean barrel: 통, 한 베럴, 통 모양의 것흘러들다, 물 등을 내보내다, 옮기다, 통에 담다, 포신, 한 통, 통에 채우다, 없는. 중배가 불룩한 통, 통에 담다, 통에 hallway: 현관, 복도. 넣다, 한 배럴, 캡스턴의 동부. meal: 식사, 거칠게 간 곡식, 굵은 bid: 말하다, 입찰하다, 명하다, 가루, 한 끼, 식사시간, 한끼, 입찰하다-값을 매기다, 입찰하다일회분의 착유량, 곡물의 체에 치지 부른값, 초대하다, 값을 다루다, 않은 굵은 가루, 한끼 분, 체에 치지 값매기다, 공고하다-값을 매기다, 않은 굵은 가루. 노력하다, 매기다. save: 오래가다, 을 제외하고, 덜다, empty: 배고픈, 공허한, 빈, 비우다, 모으다, 구해내다, 절약하다, 건지다, 무의미한, 비어있는, 비다, 에 면케하다, 은 도로 치고, 저장,

지키다. shelf: 선반, 모래톱, 모양의 장소, 바위턱, 시령, 암초, 암붕, 평층. shoes: 구두. skill: 솜씨, 술련, 교묘, 문제가 되다, 숙련, 이해하다, 기능. warm: 따뜻해지기, 따뜻하게 하다, 흥분시키다, 열중하다, 따뜻한, 열렬한, 생생한, 동정적으로 되다, 불유쾌한, 진실에 가까워지는, 가까운.

Upton Sinclair

249

even his face, unless he went down to the lake front— and there it would soon be all ice.% First he went to the steel mill and the harvester works, and found that his places there had been filled long ago. He was careful to keep away from the stockyards—he was a single man now, he told himself, and he meant to stay one, to have his wages for his own when he got a job. He began the long, weary round of factories and warehouses, tramping all day, from one end of the city to the other, finding everywhere from ten to a hundred men ahead of him. He watched the newspapers, too—but no longer was he to be taken in by smoothspoken agents. He had been told of all those tricks while "on the road." In the end it was through a newspaper that he got a job, after nearly a month of seeking. It was a call for a hundred laborers, and though he thought it was a "fake," he went because the place was near by. He found a line of men a block long, but as a wagon chanced to come out of an alley and break the line, he saw his chance and sprang to seize a place. Men threatened him and tried to throw him out, but he cursed and made a disturbance to attract a policeman, upon which they subsided, knowing that if the latter interfered it would be to "fire" them all. An hour or two later he entered a room and confronted a big Irishman behind a desk. "Ever worked in Chicago before?" the man inquired; and whether it was a good angel that put it into Jurgis's mind, or an intuition of his sharpened wits, he was moved to answer, "No, sir." "Where do you come from?" "Kansas City, sir." "Any references?" "No, sir. I'm just an unskilled man. I've got good arms." "I want men for hard work—it's all underground, digging tunnels for telephones. Maybe it won't suit you." "I'm willing, sir—anything for me. What's the pay?"

Korean alley: 좁은 길, 뒷골목, 샛길, 뒷길, 튀김돌, 골목, 동맹국, 경기장, 공기, 오솔길, 공기돌. angel: 천사, 영국의옛금화, 재정적후원자, 천사같은 사람, 옛날의 영국 금화, 재정적 후원자. careful: 주의깊은, 꼼꼼한, 소중히 하는, 인색한, 조심성 있는, 철저한, 조심스러운, 조소심스런, 정성들인, 신중한, 소중히하는. everywhere: 어디에나, 도처에, 모든

곳. throw: 던지다, 움직이다, 흔들어 intuition: 직각, 직관, 직관적 통찰. 떨어뜨리다, 스카프, 던지기, 갑자기 kansas: 미국 중앙의 주. 움직이다, 빠뜨리다, 얹히게 하다, newspaper: 신문사, 신문, 신문지, 분리, 가벼운 두르개, 행정. 신문의, 신문용지, 신문업무에 underground: 지하의, 지하철, 종사하다, 신문인쇄용지, 신문 업무에 지하에, 비밀히, 비밀의, 지하조직, 종사하다. 지하의 공간, 몰래, 전위적인, 급진 suit: 형편이 좋다, 청원, 소송, 한 벌, 단체, 급진 운동. 적합하다, 탄원, 구애, 적합하게 하다, willing: 기꺼이 ...하는, 자진해서 에 어울리다, 남하는 대로 하다, 의 하는, 마침 잘된, 자발적인. 마음에 들다.

250

The Jungle

"Fifteen cents an hour."% "I'm willing, sir." "All right; go back there and give your name." So within half an hour he was at work, far underneath the streets of the city. The tunnel was a peculiar one for telephone wires; it was about eight feet high, and with a level floor nearly as wide. It had innumerable branches—a perfect spider web beneath the city; Jurgis walked over half a mile with his gang to the place where they were to work. Stranger yet, the tunnel was lighted by electricity, and upon it was laid a double-tracked, narrow-gauge railroad! But Jurgis was not there to ask questions, and he did not give the matter a thought. It was nearly a year afterward that he finally learned the meaning of this whole affair. The City Council had passed a quiet and innocent little bill allowing a company to construct telephone conduits under the city streets; and upon the strength of this, a great corporation had proceeded to tunnel all Chicago with a system of railway freight-subways. In the city there was a combination of employers, representing hundreds of millions of capital, and formed for the purpose of crushing the labor unions. The chief union which troubled it was the teamsters'; and when these freight tunnels were completed, connecting all the big factories and stores with the railroad depots, they would have the teamsters' union by the throat. Now and then there were rumors and murmurs in the Board of Aldermen, and once there was a committee to investigate—but each time another small fortune was paid over, and the rumors died away; until at last the city woke up with a start to find the work completed. There was a tremendous scandal, of course; it was found that the city records had been falsified and other crimes committed, and some of Chicago's big capitalists got into jail—figuratively speaking. The aldermen declared that they had had no idea of it all, in spite of the fact that the main entrance to the work had been in the rear of the saloon of one of them. It was in a newly opened cut that Jurgis worked, and so he knew that he had an all-winter job. He was so rejoiced that he treated himself to a spree that night, and with the balance of his money he hired himself a place in a tenement room,

Korean affair: 일, 사건, 물건, 물품, 사무, 하기, 문제, 추문, 전투, 일거리, 연애 사건. construct: 구성하다, 세우다, 구성, 작도하다, 작성하다, 짜맞추다, 건조물, 구성개념, 구조물, 조립하다, 그리다. corporation: 법인, 조합, 지방 공공 단체, 유한회사, 올챙이배, 도시 자치체, 사단법인, 지방 자치제, 자차단체, 단체, 시으회.

electricity: 전류, 전기, 극도의, 극도의 굉장한, 멋진, 대단한, 거대한. 긴장, 전기학, 심한 흥분. troubled: 난처한, 거칠은, 소란한, innocent: 순진한, 죄없는, 호인, 교란된, 근심스러운. 결백한, 흠없는, 결백한 사람, 때묻지 tunnel: 터널, 지하도, 갱도를 파고 않은, 무식한, 무해의, 무해한, 바보. 나아가다, 굴, 에 굴을 파다, 터널을 spider: 삼발이, 프라이팬, 거미, 파고 나아가다, 에 터널을 파다. 거미같은, 아주 가느다란. web: 물갈퀴, 거미집, 꾸민 것, 거미줄 spree: 흥청거림, 술잔치, 법석댐, 모양의 것, 한 두루마리의 인쇄용지, 주연, 흥겹게 법석댐, 타격전, 피륙, 한 베틀분의 천, 얇은 금속판, 흥청거리다. 웹, 거미줄을 치다, 꾀한 것. tremendous: 무서운, 무시무시한,

Upton Sinclair

251

where he slept upon a big homemade straw mattress along with four other workingmen. This was one dollar a week, and for four more he got his food in a boardinghouse near his work. This would leave him four dollars extra each week, an unthinkable sum for him. At the outset he had to pay for his digging tools, and also to buy a pair of heavy boots, since his shoes were falling to pieces, and a flannel shirt, since the one he had worn all summer was in shreds. He spent a week meditating whether or not he should also buy an overcoat. There was one belonging to a Hebrew collar button peddler, who had died in the room next to him, and which the landlady was holding for her rent; in the end, however, Jurgis decided to do without it, as he was to be underground by day and in bed at night.% This was an unfortunate decision, however, for it drove him more quickly than ever into the saloons. From now on Jurgis worked from seven o'clock until half-past five, with half an hour for dinner; which meant that he never saw the sunlight on weekdays. In the evenings there was no place for him to go except a barroom; no place where there was light and warmth, where he could hear a little music or sit with a companion and talk. He had now no home to go to; he had no affection left in his life—only the pitiful mockery of it in the camaraderie of vice. On Sundays the churches were open—but where was there a church in which an ill-smelling workingman, with vermin crawling upon his neck, could sit without seeing people edge away and look annoyed? He had, of course, his corner in a close though unheated room, with a window opening upon a blank wall two feet away; and also he had the bare streets, with the winter gales sweeping through them; besides this he had only the saloons—and, of course, he had to drink to stay in them. If he drank now and then he was free to make himself at home, to gamble with dice or a pack of greasy cards, to play at a dingy pool table for money, or to look at a beer-stained pink "sporting paper," with pictures of murderers and half-naked women. It was for such pleasures as these that he spent his money; and such was his life during the six weeks and a half that he toiled for the merchants of Chicago, to enable them to break the grip of their teamsters' union.

Korean affection: 애정, 영향, 병, 감정, 특성, 성질, 호의, 기질, 감동. annoyed: 괴로운. barroom: 바, 술파는 곳. blank: 무표정한, 공허한, 백지의, 문이나 창이 없는, 멍한-백지, 기입 용지-비우다, 단조로운, 공백으로하다, 흥미 없는, 공백, 공허. boots: 구두닦이, 구두 닦기, 구두닦기. button: 단추, 단추를 채우다, 턱 끝, 옷의 단추, 단추 비슷한 물건, 버튼,

급사, 단추 같은, 금단추 제복의 급사. camaraderie: 우정, 우애, 동료의식, 동지애. gamble: 도박하다, 투기를 하다, 투기, 모험, 도박으로 잃다, 도박, 투전, 노름, 노름으로 잃다, 노름을 하다, 성패를 건모험을 하다. homemade: 집에서 만든, 손으로 만든, 국산의. landlady: 여관의 여주인, 여자지주, 하숙 따위의 여주인, 여지주, 여주인,

여관 따위의 여주인, 여가장. outset: 착수, 최초, 시초. peddler: 행상인, 남에게 옮기는 사람, 받아 옮기는 사람, 밀매인, 도붓장수. unfortunate: 유감스러운, 불길한, 불행한, 불행한 결과를 가져오는, 불운한 사람, 불운한, 적당하지 않은, 불행한 사람. vice: 악습, 육체적 결함, 나쁜 버릇, 사악, 결점, 부도덕, 바이스, 대리로서, 악, 악덕, 병.

252

The Jungle

In a work thus carried out, not much thought was given to the welfare of the laborers. On an average, the tunneling cost a life a day and several manglings; it was seldom, however, that more than a dozen or two men heard of any one accident. The work was all done by the new boring machinery, with as little blasting as possible; but there would be falling rocks and crushed supports, and premature explosions—and in addition all the dangers of railroading. So it was that one night, as Jurgis was on his way out with his gang, an engine and a loaded car dashed round one of the innumerable right-angle branches and struck him upon the shoulder, hurling him against the concrete wall and knocking him senseless.% When he opened his eyes again it was to the clanging of the bell of an ambulance. He was lying in it, covered by a blanket, and it was threading its way slowly through the holiday-shopping crowds. They took him to the county hospital, where a young surgeon set his arm; then he was washed and laid upon a bed in a ward with a score or two more of maimed and mangled men. Jurgis spent his Christmas in this hospital, and it was the pleasantest Christmas he had had in America. Every year there were scandals and investigations in this institution, the newspapers charging that doctors were allowed to try fantastic experiments upon the patients; but Jurgis knew nothing of this—his only complaint was that they used to feed him upon tinned meat, which no man who had ever worked in Packingtown would feed to his dog. Jurgis had often wondered just who ate the canned corned beef and "roast beef" of the stockyards; now he began to understand—that it was what you might call "graft meat," put up to be sold to public officials and contractors, and eaten by soldiers and sailors, prisoners and inmates of institutions, "shantymen" and gangs of railroad laborers. Jurgis was ready to leave the hospital at the end of two weeks. This did not mean that his arm was strong and that he was able to go back to work, but simply that he could get along without further attention, and that his place was needed for some one worse off than he. That he was utterly helpless, and had no

Korean ambulance: 야전 병원, 구급차, 상병자 운반차, 운반차, 야전병원, 구급차의. blasting: 폭파, 발파, 울림, 말림, 호된 꾸지람, 야단, 소리, 떠들썩한. boring: 시굴, 보링-싫증나게하는, 구멍뚫기, 천공, 지루한, 구멍, 따분한, 송곳밥, 뚫은 구멍. complaint: 불평, 불평거리, 고소, 병, 투덜거림, 비난, 원고의 첫 진술, 불만, 푸념.

concrete: 구체적인, 콘크리트로 굳히다, 결합체, 구체, 굳어진, 콘크리트, 콘크리트로 만든, 콘크리트를 바르다, 현실의, 콘크리트 포장면, 콘크리트-응결 시키다. county: 주, 군, 군민, 주민, 주의 명문, 주의 부호. dashed: 괘씸한, 굉장히, 낙심한, 의기 소침한, 지독히. fantastic: 공상적인, 변덕스러운, 상상의, 기묘한, 기이한.

hurling: 던짐, 헐링. knocking: 노킹, 문두들김. maimed: 불구의, 상한. premature: 너무 이른, 때 아닌, 너무 서두른, 조산아, 시기 상조의. railroading: 철도 부설 사업, 철도 경영, 철도 여행. tinned: 주석을 입힌, 통조림의, 주석 도금을 한, 통조림한. utterly: 아주, 완전히, 완전한, 전혀, 순전히.

Upton Sinclair

253

means of keeping himself alive in the meantime, was something which did not concern the hospital authorities, nor any one else in the city.% As it chanced, he had been hurt on a Monday, and had just paid for his last week's board and his room rent, and spent nearly all the balance of his Saturday's pay. He had less than seventy-five cents in his pockets, and a dollar and a half due him for the day's work he had done before he was hurt. He might possibly have sued the company, and got some damages for his injuries, but he did not know this, and it was not the company's business to tell him. He went and got his pay and his tools, which he left in a pawnshop for fifty cents. Then he went to his landlady, who had rented his place and had no other for him; and then to his boardinghouse keeper, who looked him over and questioned him. As he must certainly be helpless for a couple of months, and had boarded there only six weeks, she decided very quickly that it would not be worth the risk to keep him on trust. So Jurgis went out into the streets, in a most dreadful plight. It was bitterly cold, and a heavy snow was falling, beating into his face. He had no overcoat, and no place to go, and two dollars and sixty-five cents in his pocket, with the certainty that he could not earn another cent for months. The snow meant no chance to him now; he must walk along and see others shoveling, vigorous and active—and he with his left arm bound to his side! He could not hope to tide himself over by odd jobs of loading trucks; he could not even sell newspapers or carry satchels, because he was now at the mercy of any rival. Words could not paint the terror that came over him as he realized all this. He was like a wounded animal in the forest; he was forced to compete with his enemies upon unequal terms. There would be no consideration for him because of his weakness—it was no one's business to help him in such distress, to make the fight the least bit easier for him. Even if he took to begging, he would be at a disadvantage, for reasons which he was to discover in good time. In the beginning he could not think of anything except getting out of the awful cold. He went into one of the saloons he had been wont to frequent and bought a drink, and then stood by the fire shivering and waiting to be ordered

Korean compete: 경쟁하다, 맞서다, 경합하다, frequent: 자주가다, 늘모이다, 필적하다, 비견하다, 겨루다, 사회를 상습적인, 수많은, 자주 일어나는, 보다. 자주일어나는, 빈번한. damages: 손해액. hurt: 상처, 고통, 다치다, 부상, 부상을 disadvantage: 불리한 입장, 불편, 입히다, 상처를 입히다, 아프다, 불리, 불리하게 하다. 상처를 입다, 해를 입다, 에 상처를 discover: 발견하다, 밝히다, 찾아내다, 내다, 상하게 하다. 나타내다, 발견자, 내색하다. odd: 여분의, 나머지의, 임시의, 짝이 distress: 고난, 고통, 빈궁, 비탄, 고민, 맞지 않게, 묘한, 괴상하게, 은혜, 심통, 피로하게 하다, 피로, 괴롭히다, 홀수의, 한쪽의, 장소 따위 동떨어진, 압류-괴롭히다, 압류. 이상한.

one's: 자기의, 자신의. paint: 그리다, 도료, 화장품, 연지, 페인트, 페인트칠, 채료, 화장하다, 페인트 칠하다, 페인트칠하다, 그림 물감. pawnshop: 전당포. plight: 상태, 서약, 서약하다, 곤경, 보통 나쁜 상태, 맹세하다, 맹세. tools: 도구. unequal: 같지 않은, 불평등한, 감당 못하는, 부동한, 비등하지 않은.

254

The Jungle

out. According to an unwritten law, the buying a drink included the privilege of loafing for just so long; then one had to buy another drink or move on. That Jurgis was an old customer entitled him to a somewhat longer stop; but then he had been away two weeks, and was evidently "on the bum." He might plead and tell his "hard luck story," but that would not help him much; a saloon-keeper who was to be moved by such means would soon have his place jammed to the doors with "hoboes" on a day like this.% So Jurgis went out into another place, and paid another nickel. He was so hungry this time that he could not resist the hot beef stew, an indulgence which cut short his stay by a considerable time. When he was again told to move on, he made his way to a "tough" place in the "Levee" district, where now and then he had gone with a certain rat-eyed Bohemian workingman of his acquaintance, seeking a woman. It was Jurgis's vain hope that here the proprietor would let him remain as a "sitter." In low-class places, in the dead of winter, saloonkeepers would often allow one or two forlorn-looking bums who came in covered with snow or soaked with rain to sit by the fire and look miserable to attract custom. A workingman would come in, feeling cheerful after his day's work was over, and it would trouble him to have to take his glass with such a sight under his nose; and so he would call out: "Hello, Bub, what's the matter? You look as if you'd been up against it!" And then the other would begin to pour out some tale of misery, and the man would say, "Come have a glass, and maybe that'll brace you up." And so they would drink together, and if the tramp was sufficiently wretched-looking, or good enough at the "gab," they might have two; and if they were to discover that they were from the same country, or had lived in the same city or worked at the same trade, they might sit down at a table and spend an hour or two in talk—and before they got through the saloon-keeper would have taken in a dollar. All of this might seem diabolical, but the saloonkeeper was in no wise to blame for it. He was in the same plight as the manufacturer who has to adulterate and misrepresent his product. If he does not, some one else will; and the saloon-keeper, unless he is also an alderman, is apt to be in debt to the big brewers, and on the verge of being sold out.

Korean adulterate: 섞음질하다, 질을 떨어뜨리다, 섞음질을 하다, 간통한, 섞음질을 한, 품질을 떨어뜨리다, 가짜의. alderman: 시참사의원, 부시장, 구청장, 시의회 의원. brace: 바지 멜빵, 죄다, 한 쌍, 지주, 버팀대, 기운을 내다, 거멀장, 긴장 시키다, 부목꺾쇠-버티다, 흥분제, 긴장시키다. diabolical: 악마의, 극악무도한,

악마적인, 악마 같은. 나오다. indulgence: 대사, 신앙의 자유, 은혜, stew: 뭉근불로 끓이다, 마음 졸이다, 탐닉, 관대, 방종, 대사부, 도락, 근심, 초조, 약한 불로 끓이다, 스튜 멋대로 함, 면죄부, 방자. 요리, 스튜, 매춘굴, 애타우다, 애타게 misrepresent: 잘못 전하다, 바르게 하다, 애타다. 나타내지 않다, 속이다, 얼떨떨하게 unwritten: 글씨가 씌어 있지 않은, 하다, 거짓으로 전하다. 써있지 않은, 백지의, 불문의, 씌어 pour: 호우, 쏟다, 많이 베풀다, 유출, 있지 않은. 퍼붓다, 붓다, 도도히 말하다-흘러 verge: 가장자리, 기울다, 경계, 한계, 나오다, 도도히 말하다, 억수같이 끝, 바싹 다가가다, 에 직면하다, 에 퍼붓다, 억수같이 퍼붓다-유출, 흘러 향하다, 접하다, 가, 향하다.

Upton Sinclair

255

The market for "sitters" was glutted that afternoon, however, and there was no place for Jurgis. In all he had to spend six nickels in keeping a shelter over him that frightful day, and then it was just dark, and the station houses would not open until midnight! At the last place, however, there was a bartender who knew him and liked him, and let him doze at one of the tables until the boss came back; and also, as he was going out, the man gave him a tip—on the next block there was a religious revival of some sort, with preaching and singing, and hundreds of hoboes would go there for the shelter and warmth.% Jurgis went straightway, and saw a sign hung out, saying that the door would open at seven-thirty; then he walked, or half ran, a block, and hid awhile in a doorway and then ran again, and so on until the hour. At the end he was all but frozen, and fought his way in with the rest of the throng (at the risk of having his arm broken again), and got close to the big stove. By eight o'clock the place was so crowded that the speakers ought to have been flattered; the aisles were filled halfway up, and at the door men were packed tight enough to walk upon. There were three elderly gentlemen in black upon the platform, and a young lady who played the piano in front. First they sang a hymn, and then one of the three, a tall, smooth-shaven man, very thin, and wearing black spectacles, began an address. Jurgis heard smatterings of it, for the reason that terror kept him awake— he knew that he snored abominably, and to have been put out just then would have been like a sentence of death to him. The evangelist was preaching "sin and redemption," the infinite grace of God and His pardon for human frailty. He was very much in earnest, and he meant well, but Jurgis, as he listened, found his soul filled with hatred. What did he know about sin and suffering—with his smooth, black coat and his neatly starched collar, his body warm, and his belly full, and money in his pocket—and lecturing men who were struggling for their lives, men at the death grapple with the demon powers of hunger and cold!—This, of course, was unfair; but Jurgis felt that these men were out of touch with the life they discussed, that they were unfitted to solve its problems; nay, they themselves were part of the problem—

Korean abominably: 몹시, 지독히, 가증스레. 저자, 복음 전도자, 신약 복음서의 belly: 배, 복부, 식욕, 위, 자궁저자, 복음서저자, 순회 설교자 복음 부풀게하다, 태내, 불룩한 부분, 전도자, 순회 설교자 일반복음 부풀다. 전도자, 순회설교자, 신앙부흥운동자, doze: 졸기, 졸다, 선잠, 복음서 저자. 졸며시간을보내다, 졸며시간을 frailty: 무름, 약점, 단점, 여림, 약함, 보내다, 졸면서 지내다, 졸면서 시간 연약, 과실. 보내다, 불도저로 파다, 불도저로 grapple: 맞붙어 싸우다, 격투, 붙잡다, 땅을 파다, 불도저로 땅을 나르다, 고정하다, 꽉 쥐다, 드잡이, 접전하다, 불도저로 땅을 고르다. 잡기, 완수하려고 노력하다, 잡다. evangelist: 복음전도자, 신약복음서의 hymn: 찬송가, 찬송하다, 찬미하다,

찬송가를 부르다. saying: 속담, 격언, 말, 말하기. starched: 풀을 먹인, 위엄을 부리는, 거북살스럽게 하는. straightway: 곧, 당장에, 직접 일직선의, 즉시, 즉각, 일직선으로, 직선의, 일직선의. unfitted: 적임이 아닌, 부적당한, 설비없는, 적용되지 않는, 헐렁한, 끼지 않는, 맞지 않은, 맞지않은, 부적절한.

256

The Jungle

they%were part of the order established that was crushing men down and beating them! They were of the triumphant and insolent possessors; they had a hall, and a fire, and food and clothing and money, and so they might preach to hungry men, and the hungry men must be humble and listen! They were trying to save their souls—and who but a fool could fail to see that all that was the matter with their souls was that they had not been able to get a decent existence for their bodies? At eleven the meeting closed, and the desolate audience filed out into the snow, muttering curses upon the few traitors who had got repentance and gone up on the platform. It was yet an hour before the station house would open, and Jurgis had no overcoat—and was weak from a long illness. During that hour he nearly perished. He was obliged to run hard to keep his blood moving at all— and then he came back to the station house and found a crowd blocking the street before the door! This was in the month of January, 1904, when the country was on the verge of "hard times," and the newspapers were reporting the shutting down of factories every day—it was estimated that a million and a half men were thrown out of work before the spring. So all the hiding places of the city were crowded, and before that station house door men fought and tore each other like savage beasts. When at last the place was jammed and they shut the doors, half the crowd was still outside; and Jurgis, with his helpless arm, was among them. There was no choice then but to go to a lodginghouse and spend another dime. It really broke his heart to do this, at half-past twelve o'clock, after he had wasted the night at the meeting and on the street. He would be turned out of the lodginghouse promptly at seven they had the shelves which served as bunks so contrived that they could be dropped, and any man who was slow about obeying orders could be tumbled to the floor. This was one day, and the cold spell lasted for fourteen of them. At the end of six days every cent of Jurgis' money was gone; and then he went out on the streets to beg for his life. He would begin as soon as the business of the city was moving. He would sally forth from a saloon, and, after making sure there was no policeman in sight,

Korean audience: 청중, 청취자, 과객, 독자, 들음, 알현, 관중, 공식 회견, 청취, 지지자. blocking: 오리대, 블로킹하기, 연출, 블로킹, 저지 현상. crowd: 패거리, 군중, 다수, 떼쓰다, 부대, 군집하다, 들어차게 하다, 꽉 들어차다, 녀석, 몰려들다, 밀치락달치락하며 들어가다. estimated: 추측의, 견적의. fail: 실패하다, 부족하다, 낙제하다,

게을리하다, 파산하다, 모자라다, 설교하다, 창도하다, 전하다, 약해지다, 파산하다-실망시키다, 전하다창도하다, 전도하다, 도를 없다, 흉작이 되다, 약속 따위를 전하다, 권고하다. 태만히 하다. repentance: 후회, 회한, 회개, 참회. humble: 겸손한, 검소한, 천하게 하다, slow: 느린, 느리게, 둔한, 더딘, 창피를 주다, 욕을 보이다, 비천한, 더디게 하다, 늦은, 재미없는, 낮추는, 천한, 경멸하다. 느릿느릿, 대범한, 늦게 가는, 늦게 illness: 병. 하다. insolent: 무례한, 건방진, 오만한, triumphant: 의기양양한, 승리를 거둔, 안하무인의. 의기 양양한, 승리를 얻은. preach: 설교하다, 설교, 전도하다-

Upton Sinclair

257

would %approach every likely-looking person who passed him, telling his woeful story and pleading for a nickel or a dime. Then when he got one, he would dart round the corner and return to his base to get warm; and his victim, seeing him do this, would go away, vowing that he would never give a cent to a beggar again. The victim never paused to ask where else Jurgis could have gone under the circumstances—where he, the victim, would have gone. At the saloon Jurgis could not only get more food and better food than he could buy in any restaurant for the same money, but a drink in the bargain to warm him up. Also he could find a comfortable seat by a fire, and could chat with a companion until he was as warm as toast. At the saloon, too, he felt at home. Part of the saloon-keeper's business was to offer a home and refreshments to beggars in exchange for the proceeds of their foragings; and was there any one else in the whole city who would do this—would the victim have done it himself? Poor Jurgis might have been expected to make a successful beggar. He was just out of the hospital, and desperately sick-looking, and with a helpless arm; also he had no overcoat, and shivered pitifully. But, alas, it was again the case of the honest merchant, who finds that the genuine and unadulterated article is driven to the wall by the artistic counterfeit. Jurgis, as a beggar, was simply a blundering amateur in competition with organized and scientific professionalism. He was just out of the hospital—but the story was worn threadbare, and how could he prove it? He had his arm in a sling—and it was a device a regular beggar's little boy would have scorned. He was pale and shivering—but they were made up with cosmetics, and had studied the art of chattering their teeth. As to his being without an overcoat, among them you would meet men you could swear had on nothing but a ragged linen duster and a pair of cotton trousers—so cleverly had they concealed the several suits of allwool underwear beneath. Many of these professional mendicants had comfortable homes, and families, and thousands of dollars in the bank; some of them had retired upon their earnings, and gone into the business of fitting out and doctoring others, or working children at the trade. There were some who had both their arms bound tightly to their sides, and padded stumps in their sleeves, and a sick child hired to carry a cup for them. There were some who had

Korean beggar: 거지, 악한-거지로 만들다, 가난뱅이, 가난하게 하다, 무력하게 하다, 놈, 기부금을 모으는 사람, 빈약하게 하다, 가난들게 하다. blundering: 실수하는, 서투른, 어색한, 어줍은, 투미한. cleverly: 완전히, 영리하게, 잘, 실수없이, 솜씨좋게, 솜씨 있게, 교묘하게. cosmetics: 화장품. counterfeit: 위조하다, 흉내내다,

모조의, 모조품, 모조하다, 허위의, 남루한, 초라한, 불완전한, 찢어진, 위조의, 위조 물건, 와 아주 흡사하다, 야생의, 깔쭉깔쭉한, 손질을 위작, 속이다. 게을리한, 결점이 있는, 고르지 못한. duster: 먼지 터는 사람, 총채, threadbare: 진부한, 누더기를 걸친, 후춧가루, 걸레, 소름을 치는 기구, 해어져서 실이 드러난, 케케 묵은, 소금을 치는 기구, 먼지 막이 덧옷, 입어서 다 떨어진, 닳아서 올이 군함기, 마른 우물, 살포기, 여름 드러나 보이는. 가정복. unadulterated: 순수한, 진짜의, 섞인 professionalism: 전문가기질, 전문 것이 없는, 완전한, 순정한, 잡물이 직업 의식. 섞이지 않은. ragged: 조화되지 않은, 울툭불툭한, underwear: 속옷, 내의.

258

The Jungle

no legs, and pushed themselves upon a wheeled platform—some who had been favored with blindness, and were led by pretty little dogs. Some less fortunate had mutilated themselves or burned themselves, or had brought horrible sores upon themselves with chemicals; you might suddenly encounter upon the street a man holding out to you a finger rotting and discolored with gangrene—or one with livid scarlet wounds half escaped from their filthy bandages. These desperate ones were the dregs of the city's cesspools, wretches who hid at night in the rain-soaked cellars of old ramshackle tenements, in "stale-beer dives" and opium joints, with abandoned women in the last stages of the harlot's progress— women who had been kept by Chinamen and turned away at last to die. Every day the police net would drag hundreds of them off the streets, and in the detention hospital you might see them, herded together in a miniature inferno, with hideous, beastly faces, bloated and leprous with disease, laughing, shouting, screaming in all stages of drunkenness, barking like dogs, gibbering like apes, raving and tearing themselves in delirium.%

Korean abandoned: 버림받은, 방탕한, 파렴치한, 자포자기한, 쟈유 분방한. barking: 짖는, 짖는 소리, 심한 기침, 호통, 권총, 잘 짖는. beastly: 짐승 같은, 더러운, 대단히, 지겨운, 잔인한, 지독한, 지독하게, 지긋지긋한, 오싹 할 만큼 싫은, 싫은, 몹시. blindness: 맹목, 눈이 멀음, 무분별. bloated: 부푼, 훈제의, 우쭐대는, 부풀은, 거만한, 뽐내는, 만심한.

detention: 구류, 억류, 붙듦, 소년원, ramshackle: 도덕의식이 낮은, 넘어질 붙잡아둠. 듯한, 덜컥거리는, 쓰러질듯한, discolored: 퇴색시키는, 변색시키는. 아무렇게나 만든, 일정한 주견이 dregs: 잔재. 없는, 흔들거리는, 흔들흔들하는, favored: 혜택을 받고 있는, 호감을 체제 따위 금방이라도 무너질 것 사고 있는, 호의를 사고 있는. 같은, 금방이라도 무너질 것 같은, 집 leprous: 비늘 모양의, 나병의. 따위 금방이라도 무너질 것 같은. livid: 납빛의, 퍼렇게 멍든, 격노하여, raving: 굉장한, 헛소리, 광란, 대단한, 창백한. 대단히, 노호, 헛소리하는, 헛소리를 ones: 그 사람의, 사람의. 하는, 미쳐날뛰는, 광란의, 광란하는. opium: 아편. wheeled: 바퀴 달린, 바퀴의.

Upton Sinclair

CHAPTER

259

%24

In the face of all his handicaps, Jurgis was obliged to make the price of a lodging, and of a drink every hour or two, under penalty of freezing to death. Day after day he roamed about in the arctic cold, his soul filled full of bitterness and despair. He saw the world of civilization then more plainly than ever he had seen it before; a world in which nothing counted but brutal might, an order devised by those who possessed it for the subjugation of those who did not. He was one of the latter; and all outdoors, all life, was to him one colossal prison, which he paced like a pent-up tiger, trying one bar after another, and finding them all beyond his power. He had lost in the fierce battle of greed, and so was doomed to be exterminated; and all society was busied to see that he did not escape the sentence. Everywhere that he turned were prison bars, and hostile eyes following him; the well-fed, sleek policemen, from whose glances he shrank, and who seemed to grip their clubs more tightly when they saw him; the saloon-keepers, who never ceased to watch him while he was in their places, who were jealous of every moment he lingered after he had paid his money; the hurrying throngs upon the streets, who were deaf to his entreaties, oblivious of his very existence—and savage and contemptuous when he forced himself upon them. They had their own affairs, and there was no place for him among them. There was no place for him anywhere —every direction he turned his gaze, this fact was forced upon him: Everything was built to express it to him: the

Korean anywhere: 어디에든, 어디에나, 어디엔가, 대체로, 아무데도, 어딘가에, 어딘가로, 어디든지, 다소라도, 어디로든지. arctic: 북극의, 극한의, 북극, 극한의북극. civilization: 개화, 문명, 교화, 문명국, 인구 밀집지, 도시, 문명 국민, 문화 생활, 문명세계, 문명 사회, 문명 세계. colossal: 거대한, 훌륭한, 터무니없는,

어마어마한, 놀랄만한, 굉장한. contemptuous: 경멸적인, 사람을 얕잡아보는, 오만 무례, 경멸하여. deaf: 귀머거리의, 들으려 하지 않는, 귀머거리들, 귀를 기울이지 않는. express: 명시된, 명백한, 표시하다, 특별히, 표현하다, 급행의, 지급편, 특별한, 정확한, 지급편으로 보내다, 운송회사. fierce: 지독한, 흉포한, 맹렬한, 사나운, 싫은, 열렬한.

gaze: 응시, 응시하다, 뚫어지게 바라보며 서 있다, 뚫어지게 보다. greed: 욕심, 탐욕. pent-up: 갇힌. sleek: 매끄럽게 하다, 매만지다, 말솜씨가 번드르르한, 함함한, 단정히 하다, 단정한, 야드르르하고 부드러운, 매끄러운, 말주변이 좋은, 몸맵시를 가다듬다, 산뜻한. subjugation: 복종, 종속, 진압. well-fed: 살찐, 영양이 충분한.

260

The Jungle

residences, with their heavy walls and bolted doors, and basement windows barred with iron; the great warehouses filled with the products of the whole world, and guarded by iron shutters and heavy gates; the banks with their unthinkable billions of wealth, all buried in safes and vaults of steel.% And then one day there befell Jurgis the one adventure of his life. It was late at night, and he had failed to get the price of a lodging. Snow was falling, and he had been out so long that he was covered with it, and was chilled to the bone. He was working among the theater crowds, flitting here and there, taking large chances with the police, in his desperation half hoping to be arrested. When he saw a bluecoat start toward him, however, his heart failed him, and he dashed down a side street and fled a couple of blocks. When he stopped again he saw a man coming toward him, and placed himself in his path. "Please, sir," he began, in the usual formula, "will you give me the price of a lodging? I've had a broken arm, and I can't work, and I've not a cent in my pocket. I'm an honest working-man, sir, and I never begged before! It's not my fault, sir—" Jurgis usually went on until he was interrupted, but this man did not interrupt, and so at last he came to a breathless stop. The other had halted, and Jurgis suddenly noticed that he stood a little unsteadily. "Whuzzat you say?" he queried suddenly, in a thick voice. Jurgis began again, speaking more slowly and distinctly; before he was half through the other put out his hand and rested it upon his shoulder. "Poor ole chappie!" he said. "Been up—hic—up—against it, hey?" Then he lurched toward Jurgis, and the hand upon his shoulder became an arm about his neck. "Up against it myself, ole sport," he said. "She's a hard ole world." They were close to a lamppost, and Jurgis got a glimpse of the other. He was a young fellow—not much over eighteen, with a handsome boyish face. He wore a silk hat and a rich soft overcoat with a fur collar; and he smiled at Jurgis with benignant sympathy. "I'm hard up, too, my goo' fren'," he said. "I've got cruel parents, or I'd set you up. Whuzzamatter whizyer?"

Korean benignant: 인자한, 유익한, 인정많은, 유순한, 온화한, 양성인, 평온한. bluecoat: 병사, 경관. boyish: 소년의, 소년 같은, 여자 아이가 같은. covered: 덮개를 씌운, 뚜껑을 한, 모자를 쓴, 엄호물이 있는, 지붕이 있는, 차폐한, 감춰진. distinctly: 뚜렷하게, 명백하게. flitting: 훨훨 나는, 이사. formula: 공식, 처방, 판에 박은 말,

방식, 식, 법식, 상투어, 일정한 형식, 정칙, 제조법, 유아용 유동식. goo: 지나친 감상, 찐득거리는 것. guarded: 조심성 있는, 신중한, 감시되어 있는, 방어되어 있는. handsome: 상당한, 활수한, 단정하게 잘 생긴, 훌륭한, 멋진. interrupt: 방해하다, 가로막다, 중단하다, 중단시키다, 끼어들다, 일시 정지, 도중에서 방해하다, 저지하다.

iron: 냉혹한, 철, 에 수갑을 채우다, 쇠의, 쇠, 다리미, 쇠로 덮어 싸다, 철제 기구, 철제의, 수갑, 장갑하다. lamppost: 가로등 기둥. silk: 비단, 견직물, 왕실 변호사, 비단옷, 명주실, 돼지귀로 비단 염낭은 만들 수 없다, 비단법 복, 비단 광택, 명주실 모양의 것, 기수복, 명주의. wealth: 재산, 부, 풍부, 재화, 자본, 부유, 행복.

Upton Sinclair

261

"I've been in the hospital." "Hospital!" exclaimed the young fellow, still smiling sweetly, "thass too bad! Same's my Aunt Polly—hic—my Aunt Polly's in the hospital, too—ole auntie's been havin' twins! Whuzzamatter whiz you?" "I've got a broken arm—" Jurgis began.% "So," said the other, sympathetically. "That ain't so bad—you get over that. I wish somebody'd break my arm, ole chappie— damfidon't! Then they'd treat me better—hic—hole me up, ole sport! Whuzzit you wammme do?" "I'm hungry, sir," said Jurgis. "Hungry! Why don't you hassome supper?" "I've got no money, sir." "No money! Ho, ho—less be chums, ole boy—jess like me! No money, either—a'most busted! Why don't you go home, then, same's me?" "I haven't any home," said Jurgis. "No home! Stranger in the city, hey? Goo' God, thass bad! Better come home wiz me—yes, by Harry, thass the trick, you'll come home an' hassome supper— hic—wiz me! Awful lonesome—nobody home! Guv'ner gone abroad—Bubby on's honeymoon—Polly havin' twins—every damn soul gone away! Nuff—hic— nuff to drive a feller to drink, I say! Only ole Ham standin' by, passin' plates— damfican eat like that, no sir! The club for me every time, my boy, I say. But then they won't lemme sleep there—guv'ner's orders, by Harry—home every night, sir! Ever hear anythin' like that? 'Every mornin' do?' I asked him. 'No, sir, every night, or no allowance at all, sir.' Thass my guv'ner—'nice as nails, by Harry! Tole ole Ham to watch me, too—servants spyin' on me—whuzyer think that, my fren'? A nice, quiet—hic—goodhearted young feller like me, an' his daddy can't go to Europe—hup!—an' leave him in peace! Ain't that a shame, sir? An' I gotter go home every evenin' an' miss all the fun, by Harry! Thass whuzzamatter now—thass why I'm here! Hadda come away an' leave Kitty— hic—left her cryin', too—whujja think of that, ole sport? 'Lemme go, Kittens,'

Korean allowance: 수당, 공제, 급여액, 승인, 용돈, 용인, 유리한 조건, 지급하는 돈, 참작, 할인, 허용 오차. broken: 파산한, 길든, 부서진, 서투른, 울퉁불퉁한, 끊어진, 깨진, 단속적인, 낙담한, 지리멸렬의, 짓밟힌. busted: 좌천된, 체포된, 파멸한. chappie: 녀석, 놈, 꼬마. daddy: 아버지, 최연장자, 가장 중요한 인물, 최고중요인물, 젊은 여자를 유혹하는 중년 남자.

feller: 벌목기, 벌채자, 벌목꾼, 공그르는 사람, 공그르는 기구. fun: 장난, 농담하다, 장난하다, 재미나는, 놀이, 희롱, 즐거운, 농담, 재미있는 사람, 재미있는 사물, 큰 소동. hey: 이봐, 야아, 어이, 어어. hospital: 병원, 수선소, 자선 시설. sport: 운동가, 농담, 운동회, 노름꾼, 낭비하다, 장난, 과시하다, 오락, 경기, 시원시원한 남자, 사냥꾼.

standin: 대역, 유리한 지위. sweetly: 상냥하게, 달게, 귀엽게, 향기롭게, 기분 좋게, 기분좋게, 잘 들어, 아름답게. sympathetically: 동정하여, 찬성하여, 호의적으로, 가엾이 여겨, 교감하여. whiz: 훌륭한 것, 숙련가, 명인, 전문가, 윙윙하다, 수완가, 재줏군, 그 소리. wiz: 비상한 솜씨.

262

The Jungle

says I—'come early an' often—I go where duty—hic—calls me. Farewell, farewell, my own true love—farewell, farewehell, my—own true—love!'" This last was a song, and the young gentleman's voice rose mournful and wailing, while he swung upon Jurgis's neck. The latter was glancing about nervously, lest some one should approach. They were still alone, however.% "But I came all right, all right," continued the youngster, aggressively, "I can—hic—I can have my own way when I want it, by Harry—Freddie Jones is a hard man to handle when he gets goin'! 'No, sir,' says I, 'by thunder, and I don't need anybody goin' home with me, either—whujja take me for, hey? Think I'm drunk, dontcha, hey?—I know you! But I'm no more drunk than you are, Kittens,' says I to her. And then says she, 'Thass true, Freddie dear' (she's a smart one, is Kitty), 'but I'm stayin' in the flat, an' you're goin' out into the cold, cold night!' 'Put it in a pome, lovely Kitty,' says I. 'No jokin', Freddie, my boy,' says she. 'Lemme call a cab now, like a good dear'—but I can call my own cabs, dontcha fool yourself—and I know what I'm a-doin', you bet! Say, my fren', whatcha say—willye come home an' see me, an' hassome supper? Come 'long like a good feller—don't be haughty! You're up against it, same as me, an' you can unerstan' a feller; your heart's in the right place, by Harry—come 'long, ole chappie, an' we'll light up the house, an' have some fizz, an' we'll raise hell, we will—whoop-la! S'long's I'm inside the house I can do as I please—the guv'ner's own very orders, b'God! Hip! hip!" They had started down the street, arm in arm, the young man pushing Jurgis along, half dazed. Jurgis was trying to think what to do—he knew he could not pass any crowded place with his new acquaintance without attracting attention and being stopped. It was only because of the falling snow that people who passed here did not notice anything wrong. Suddenly, therefore, Jurgis stopped. "Is it very far?" he inquired. "Not very," said the other, "Tired, are you, though? whatcha say? Good! Call a cab!"

Well, we'll ride—

Korean aggressively: 적극적으로, 진취적으로, 침략적으로. bet: 걸다, 내기, 단언하다, 내기를 하다, 건돈-내기를 하다, 취해야 할 대책, 주장하다, 보증하다, 내기의 대상, 건돈, 건 물건. cab: 택시, 자습서, 택시로 가다, 기관사실, 트럭의 운전대, 택시를 타다, 승객용마차, 승합마차, 운전대. fizz: 거품이 이는 음료, 부글부글하다, 쉿하고 소리나다, 쉿하는 소리, 활기.

flat: 노골적인, 맛없는, 김빠진, 광택없는, 단조로운, 편평한, 불경기의, 납작한, 납죽엎드린, 공기가빠진, 평평하게. handle: 핸들, 자루, 기회, 대우하다, 손잡이, 장사하다, 구실, 논하다, 처리하다, 철저히, 지휘하다. haughty: 거만한, 오만한, 오만하는. neck: 목, 지협, 목의 길이, 옷깃, 해협, 좁은곳, 서로 목을 껴안고 애무하다, 목옷깃, 목부분, 목덜미살, 목덜미 살.

nervously: 힘차게, 초조하게, 소심하게, 억세게, 신경질적으로. pome: 이과배 따위. song: 노래, 가곡, 가창, 시, 지저귐, 변명, 설명, 창가, 을 자랑하다, 무가차한 것, 물끓는 소리. thunder: 위협, 우레, 천둥, 비난, 호통, 장기를 가로채다, 요란한 울림, 천둥치다, 위협하다, 호통치다, 요란한 소리를 내다.

Upton Sinclair

263

And then, gripping Jurgis tight with one hand, the young fellow began searching his pockets with the other. "You call, ole sport, an' I'll pay," he suggested. "How's that, hey?" And he pulled out from somewhere a big roll of bills. It was more money than Jurgis had ever seen in his life before, and he stared at it with startled eyes.% "Looks like a lot, hey?" said Master Freddie, fumbling with it. "Fool you, though, ole chappie—they're all little ones! I'll be busted in one week more, sure thing—word of honor. An' not a cent more till the first—hic—guv'ner's orders— hic—not a cent, by Harry! Nuff to set a feller crazy, it is. I sent him a cable, this af'noon—thass one reason more why I'm goin' home. 'Hangin' on the verge of starvation,' I says—'for the honor of the family—hic—sen' me some bread. Hunger will compel me to join you—Freddie.' Thass what I wired him, by Harry, an' I mean it—I'll run away from school, b'God, if he don't sen' me some." After this fashion the young gentleman continued to prattle on—and meantime Jurgis was trembling with excitement. He might grab that wad of bills and be out of sight in the darkness before the other could collect his wits. Should he do it? What better had he to hope for, if he waited longer? But Jurgis had never committed a crime in his life, and now he hesitated half a second too long. "Freddie" got one bill loose, and then stuffed the rest back into his trousers' pocket. "Here, ole man," he said, "you take it." He held it out fluttering. They were in front of a saloon; and by the light of the window Jurgis saw that it was a hundred-dollar bill! "You take it," the other repeated. "Pay the cabbie an' keep the change—I've got—hic—no head for business! Guv'ner says so hisself, an' the guv'ner knows—the guv'ner's got a head for business, you bet! 'All right, guv'ner,' I told him, 'you run the show, and I'll take the tickets!' An' so he set Aunt Polly to watch me—hic—an' now Polly's off in the hospital havin' twins, an' me out raisin' Cain! Hello, there! Hey! Call him!" A cab was driving by; and Jurgis sprang and called, and it swung round to the curb. Master Freddie clambered in with some difficulty, and Jurgis had started to follow, when the driver shouted: "Hi, there! Get out—you!"

Korean cable: 해외 전보, 케이블, 피복 전선, 굵은 밧줄, 닻줄, 강삭, 새끼 모양의 장식을 달다, 해저 전신으로 보내다, 케이블선, 해저 전선, 쇠사슬. compel: 강요하다, 강제하다, 억지로 복종시키다, 억지로 시키다, 강제적인, 억지로...시키다. curb: 구속, 억제하다, 재갈을 물리다, 정자 테, 비절후종, 장외 시장, 연석을 깔다, 연석, 재갈, 장외 시장의 중개인들, 고삐.

fluttering: 펄럭이다. trousers: 바지, 헐렁한 판탈롱. grab: 잡아채기, 횡령, 빼앗다, wad: 뭉치, 작은 뭉치, 다액의 돈, 움켜잡기, 움켜잡다, 집 기계, 흥미를 덩어리, 채워넣는 물건, 지폐뭉치, 주다, 그랩, 덮치다, 부여잡다, 움켜 장전된 탄환을 고정시키는 충전물, 쥐다. 씹고난 껌, 충전물, 작은 뭉치로 prattle: 수다, 졸졸하는 소리, 만들다, 채워넣다. 혀짤배기 소리, 어린애 같이 wired: 유선의, 철사로 친, 열광한, 지껄이다, 말을 더듬거리기, 말을 신경이 날카로워진, 철사로 묶인, 더듬거리다. 철사로 보강한, 철망을 친. raisin: 건포도, 노인, 짙은 남빛, 흑인. sen: 센.

264

The Jungle

Jurgis hesitated, and was half obeying; but his companion broke out: "Whuzzat? Whuzzamatter wiz you, hey?" And the cabbie subsided, and Jurgis climbed in. Then Freddie gave a number on the Lake Shore Drive, and the carriage started away. The youngster leaned back and snuggled up to Jurgis, murmuring contentedly; in half a minute he was sound asleep, Jurgis sat shivering, speculating as to whether he might not still be able to get hold of the roll of bills. He was afraid to try to go through his companion's pockets, however; and besides the cabbie might be on the watch. He had the hundred safe, and he would have to be content with that.% At the end of half an hour or so the cab stopped. They were out on the waterfront, and from the east a freezing gale was blowing off the ice-bound lake. "Here we are," called the cabbie, and Jurgis awakened his companion. Master Freddie sat up with a start. "Hello!" he said. "Where are we? Whuzzis? Who are you, hey? Oh, yes, sure nuff! Mos' forgot you—hic—ole chappie! Home, are we? Lessee! Br-r-r—it's cold! Yes—come 'long—we're home—it ever so—hic—humble!" Before them there loomed an enormous granite pile, set far back from the street, and occupying a whole block. By the light of the driveway lamps Jurgis could see that it had towers and huge gables, like a medieval castle. He thought that the young fellow must have made a mistake—it was inconceivable to him that any person could have a home like a hotel or the city hall. But he followed in silence, and they went up the long flight of steps, arm in arm. "There's a button here, ole sport," said Master Freddie. "Hole my arm while I find her! Steady, now—oh, yes, here she is! Saved!" A bell rang, and in a few seconds the door was opened. A man in blue livery stood holding it, and gazing before him, silent as a statue. They stood for a moment blinking in the light. Then Jurgis felt his companion pulling, and he stepped in, and the blue automaton closed the door. Jurgis's heart was beating wildly; it was a bold thing for him to do—into what

Korean automaton: 기계적으로행동하는사람, 자동인형, 기계적으로 행동하는 사람, 기계적으로 행동하는 동물, 자동 장치. bell: 종, 종소리, 방울, 초인종, 벨, 수사슴 울음소리, 종 모양의 꽃, 갓, 울다, 종 모양의 것, 종 모양이 되다. blinking: 지독한, 명멸하는, 깜박거리는, 어처구니 없는, 지독하게, 반짝이는, 몹시, 심한 매우, 굉장히, 되게, 어처구니없는.

blowing: 취입 성형, 재즈 연주, 분출하는 소리. carriage: 탈것, 몸가짐, 운반, 수송, 태도, 운임, 통과, 운반대, 유모차, 포가, 처리. driveway: 차도, 드라이브길, 가축을 몰고 가는 길, 경치 좋은 간선 도로, 자동차길. enormous: 거대한, 막대한, 흉악한, 악독한. inconceivable: 상상도 할 수 없는,

상상 할 수도, 믿을수 없는, 상상할 수도 없는, 상상할 수 없는, 인지를 초월한, 터무니없는, 믿어지지 않는. livery: 제복, 정복, 정식량, 일정한 옷, 옷차림, 간이 나쁜, 말이나 마차 세놓은 업, 말의 정식량, 마차셋집, 동업 조합, 말셋집. statue: 조상, 상, 초상. waterfront: 선창가, 부두, 호수가, 해안거리, 물가의 토지, 강가, 둔치, 물가의 땅.

Upton Sinclair

265

strange unearthly place he was venturing he had no idea. Aladdin entering his cave could not have been more excited.% The place where he stood was dimly lighted; but he could see a vast hall, with pillars fading into the darkness above, and a great staircase opening at the far end of it. The floor was of tesselated marble, smooth as glass, and from the walls strange shapes loomed out, woven into huge portieres in rich, harmonious colors, or gleaming from paintings, wonderful and mysterious-looking in the half-light, purple and red and golden, like sunset glimmers in a shadowy forest. The man in livery had moved silently toward them; Master Freddie took off his hat and handed it to him, and then, letting go of Jurgis' arm, tried to get out of his overcoat. After two or three attempts he accomplished this, with the lackey's help, and meantime a second man had approached, a tall and portly personage, solemn as an executioner. He bore straight down upon Jurgis, who shrank away nervously; he seized him by the arm without a word, and started toward the door with him. Then suddenly came Master Freddie's voice, "Hamilton! My fren' will remain wiz me." The man paused and half released Jurgis. "Come 'long ole chappie," said the other, and Jurgis started toward him. "Master Frederick!" exclaimed the man. "See that the cabbie—hic—is paid," was the other's response; and he linked his arm in Jurgis'. Jurgis was about to say, "I have the money for him," but he restrained himself. The stout man in uniform signaled to the other, who went out to the cab, while he followed Jurgis and his young master. They went down the great hall, and then turned. Before them were two huge doors. "Hamilton," said Master Freddie. "Well, sir?" said the other. "Whuzzamatter wizze dinin'-room doors?" "Nothing is the matter, sir."

Korean accomplished: 성취된, 뛰어난, 교양이 있는, 능란한, 세련된, 조예가 깊은, 기정의, 완료된, 완성된. cave: 동굴, 굴, 꺼지다, 녹초가 되다, 동굴로 만들다, 움푹 들어가게 하다, 탈당, 함몰, 굴복하다, 탈당함몰하다, 항복시키다. executioner: 실행자, 사형 집행인, 사형집행인. fading: 페이딩. glimmers: 눈.

half-light: 어스름, 어스름한. handed: 손이 있는. harmonious: 조화된, 화목한, 의좋은, 가락이 맞는, 균형잡힌, 화성의. marble: 대리석, 공기돌, 조각, 대리석 무늬를 넣다, 대리석제, 책 가장자리 따위를 대리석 무늬로 하다, 종이 따위를 대리석 무늬로 하다, 아이들의 공기돌, 비누 따위를 대리석 무늬로 하다, 대리석 무늬로 하다, 대리석의 조각물.

portly: 당당한, 비만한, 몸집이 뚱뚱한. restrained: 자제된, 억제된, 삼가는, 차분한, 절도있는, 절도 있는. staircase: 계단, 사닥다리 계단. unearthly: 섬뜩한, 상식밖의, 이 세상 것 같지 않은, 비현실적인, 기분나쁜, 굉장한, 이세상의 것 같지 않은, 초자연적인, 터무니 없는, 무시무시한, 소름 끼치는.

266

The Jungle

"Then why dontcha openum?" The man rolled them back; another vista lost itself in the darkness. "Lights," commanded Master Freddie; and the butler pressed a button, and a flood of brilliant incandescence streamed from above, half-blinding Jurgis. He stared; and little by little he made out the great apartment, with a domed ceiling from which the light poured, and walls that were one enormous painting—nymphs and dryads dancing in a flower-strewn glade—Diana with her hounds and horses, dashing headlong through a mountain streamlet—a group of maidens bathing in a forest pool—all life-size, and so real that Jurgis thought that it was some work of enchantment, that he was in a dream palace. Then his eye passed to the long table in the center of the hall, a table black as ebony, and gleaming with wrought silver and gold. In the center of it was a huge carven bowl, with the glistening gleam of ferns and the red and purple of rare orchids, glowing from a light hidden somewhere in their midst.% "This's the dinin' room," observed Master Freddie. "How you like it, hey, ole sport?" He always insisted on having an answer to his remarks, leaning over Jurgis and smiling into his face. Jurgis liked it. "Rummy ole place to feed in all 'lone, though," was Freddie's comment— "rummy's hell! Whuzya think, hey?" Then another idea occurred to him and he went on, without waiting: "Maybe you never saw anythin—hic—like this 'fore? Hey, ole chappie?" "No," said Jurgis. "Come from country, maybe—hey?" "Yes," said Jurgis. "Aha! I thosso! Lossa folks from country never saw such a place. Guv'ner brings 'em—free show—hic—reg'lar circus! Go home tell folks about it. Ole man lones's place—lones the packer—beef-trust man. Made it all out of hogs, too, damn ole scoundrel. Now we see where our pennies go—rebates, an'

Korean aha: 아하, 기쁨, 만족, 승리등을 나타냄. apartment: 아파트, 한 세대의 방, 방, 큰 호화 아파트, 한 세대가 살림하는 및 개의 방, 크고 훌륭한 방. bowl: 사발, 나무공, 큰잔, 볼링경기, 대접, 굴리다, 공기, 저울의 접시, 투구, 십주희, 론 볼링. butler: 집사, 하인 우두머리 식사 담당원, 하인 우두머리, 궁내성 주류 관리자.

carven: 조각한. dashing: 기운찬, 멋부린, 화려한, 기세 좋은, 위세 당당한. domed: 둥근 지붕의, 둥근 천장의, 반구형의, 둥근 지붕으로 덮은. ebony: 흑단, 칠흙의, 흑단재, 흑단으로 만든. enchantment: 매혹, 마법, 매혹하는 것, 마법에 걸린 상태, 마법을 걸기. glistening: 반짝이면서. glowing: 백열의, 홍조된, 샛빨간,

열렬한, 열심인, 적열하는, 백열하는 것, 백열하는, 적열하는 것. headlong: 거꾸로, 곧바로, 성급한, 무모하게, 거꾸로의, 곤두박이의. incandescence: 백열, 백열광. life-size: 실물 크기의, 실물 크기로. rummy: 기묘한, 카드놀이의 일종, 주정뱅이, 괴상한, 럼술을 마시는 사람, 럼의, 럼주의 주정뱅이, 건달, 술집, 야릇한, 대주가.

Upton Sinclair

267

private car lines—hic—by Harry! Bully place, though—worth seein' ! Ever hear of lones the packer, hey, ole chappie?"% Jurgis had started involuntarily; the other, whose sharp eyes missed nothing, demanded: "Whuzzamatter, hey? Heard of him?" And Jurgis managed to stammer out: "I have worked for him in the yards." "What!" cried Master Freddie, with a yell. "You! In the yards? Ho, ho! Why, say, thass good! Shake hands on it, ole man—by Harry! Guv'ner ought to be here—glad to see you. Great fren's with the men, guv'ner—labor an' capital, commun'ty 'f int'rests, an' all that—hic! Funny things happen in this world, don't they, ole man? Hamilton, lemme interduce you—fren' the family—ole fren' the guv'ner's—works in the yards. Come to spend the night wiz me, Hamilton— have a hot time. Me fren', Mr.—whuzya name, ole chappie? Tell us your name." "Rudkus—Jurgis Rudkus." "My fren', Mr. Rednose, Hamilton—shake han's." The stately butler bowed his head, but made not a sound; and suddenly Master Freddie pointed an eager finger at him. "I know whuzzamatter wiz you, Hamilton—lay you a dollar I know! You think—hic—you think I'm drunk! Hey, now?" And the butler again bowed his head. "Yes, sir," he said, at which Master Freddie hung tightly upon Jurgis's neck and went into a fit of laughter. "Hamilton, you damn ole scoundrel," he roared, "I'll 'scharge you for impudence, you see 'f I don't! Ho, ho, ho! I'm drunk! Ho, ho!" The two waited until his fit had spent itself, to see what new whim would seize him. "Whatcha wanta do?" he queried suddenly. "Wanta see the place, ole chappie? Wamme play the guv'ner—show you roun'? State parlors—Looee Cans—Looee Sez—chairs cost three thousand apiece. Tea room Maryanntnet— picture of shepherds dancing—Ruysdael—twenty-three thousan'! Ballroom— balc'ny pillars—hic—imported—special ship—sixty-eight thousan'! Ceilin' painted in Rome—whuzzat feller's name, Hamilton—Mattatoni? Macaroni? Then this place—silver bowl—Benvenuto Cellini—rummy ole Dago! An' the

Korean capital: 수도, 중대한, 주요한, 원금, 훌륭한, 자본가, 최고급의, 대문자인, 힘의 원천, 대문자, 원래의. fit: 적합, 적당한, 준비시키다, 건강한, 꼭 맞다, 만듦새, 조달하다, 알맞은, 수험 준비를 하다, 격발, 이야기의 한 구절. hear: 들어주다, 듣다, 들리다, 청취하다, 재판하다, 방청하다, 소문으로 듣다, 승낙하다, 에 관해 들어 알고 있다, 을 듣다, 이 들리다.

ho: 호, 허허, 저런, 어이, 흥. 높은, 드높은, 빠른, 새된, 선명한. hot: 뜨거운, 데우다, 열렬한, 격렬한, sound: 소리, 수심을 재다, 소음, 격한, 더운, 흥분시키는, 호색적인, 건전한, 해협, 타진하다, 알리다, 열심인, 속도를 더내다, 매운. 부레, 인상, 확실한, 울리다. packer: 통조림업자, 포장기, spend: 돈을 쓰다, 들이다, 낭비하다, 포장업자, 짐 꾸리는 사람, 짐을 보내다, 쓰다, 지쳐 빠지게 하다, 꾸리는 사람, 통조림 직공, 짐 꾸리는 다써버리다, 바치다, 산란하다, 업자, 통조림직공, 포장 기계, 포장 지치게 하다, 돈을 들이다. 장치. stammer: 말을 더듬다, 더듬으며 sharp: 날카로운, 활발한, 교활한, 말하다, 말 더듬기, 더듬거리며 갑자기, 날카롭게, 무성음의, 반음 말하다, 말더듬기.

268

The Jungle

organ—thirty thousan' dollars, sir—starter up, Hamilton, let Mr. Rednose hear it. No—never mind—clean forgot—says he's hungry, Hamilton—less have some supper. Only—hic—don't less have it here—come up to my place, ole sport— nice an' cosy. This way—steady now, don't slip on the floor. Hamilton, we'll have a cole spread, an' some fizz—don't leave out the fizz, by Harry. We'll have some of the eighteen-thirty Madeira. Hear me, sir?" "Yes, sir," said the butler, "but, Master Frederick, your father left orders—" And Master Frederick drew himself up to a stately height. "My father's orders were left to me—hic—an' not to you," he said. Then, clasping Jurgis tightly by the neck, he staggered out of the room; on the way another idea occurred to him, and he asked: "Any—hic—cable message for me, Hamilton?" "No, sir," said the butler.% "Guv'ner must be travelin'. An' how's the twins, Hamilton?" "They are doing well, sir." "Good!" said Master Freddie; and added fervently: "God bless 'em, the little lambs!" They went up the great staircase, one step at a time; at the top of it there gleamed at them out of the shadows the figure of a nymph crouching by a fountain, a figure ravishingly beautiful, the flesh warm and glowing with the hues of life. Above was a huge court, with domed roof, the various apartments opening into it. The butler had paused below but a few minutes to give orders, and then followed them; now he pressed a button, and the hall blazed with light. He opened a door before them, and then pressed another button, as they staggered into the apartment. It was fitted up as a study. In the center was a mahogany table, covered with books, and smokers' implements; the walls were decorated with college trophies and colors—flags, posters, photographs and knickknacks—tennis rackets, canoe paddles, golf clubs, and polo sticks. An enormous moose head, with horns six feet across, faced a buffalo head on the opposite wall, while bear and tiger skins covered the polished floor. There were lounging chairs and sofas, window seats

Korean bless: 찬미하다, 정화하다, 수호하다, 은총을 내리다, 신성케 하다, 찬양하다, 축복하다, 신을 찬양하다, 신을 하다, 은혜를 베풀다, 저주하다. canoe: 카누, 카누를 젓다, 카누로 가다, 마상이, 카누를 젖다, 통나무 배. cole: 서양평지, 양배추의 일종, 체강의 뜻, 평지류, 서양 평지. cosy: 기분 좋은, 보온 커버, 있기 편한, 차양이 있는 이인용 의자.

fervently: 뜨겁게, 열렬하게, 열심히. golf: 골프, 골프를 치다, 높이 쳐올리다. lounging: 게으른, 레저 용의, 편하게 입을수 있는, 활기없는. mahogany: 마호가니, 적갈색, 마호가니색의, 마호가니재의, 마호가니재의 식탁, 마호가니재. moose: 큰 사슴, 엘크. nymph: 아름다운 소녀, 님프, 어린벌레, 님프같은, 강, 애벌레,

요정. polished: 닦은, 광택이 있는, 세련된, 우아한, 닦아 낸, 갈아 낸. polo: 폴로, 이탈리아의 여행가, 수구. rackets: 라켓. slip: 스르르 빠지다, 전표, 살짝들어가다, 몰래 달아나다, 미끄러지다, 쑥 걸쳐 입다, 쑥 집어넣다, 의 가지를 자르다, 부전, 미끄러 뜨리다, 풀어 놓다.

Upton Sinclair

269

covered with soft cushions of fantastic designs; there was one corner fitted in Persian fashion, with a huge canopy and a jeweled lamp beneath. Beyond, a door opened upon a bedroom, and beyond that was a swimming pool of the purest marble, that had cost about forty thousand dollars.% Master Freddie stood for a moment or two, gazing about him; then out of the next room a dog emerged, a monstrous bulldog, the most hideous object that Jurgis had ever laid eyes upon. He yawned, opening a mouth like a dragon's; and he came toward the young man, wagging his tail. "Hello, Dewey!" cried his master. "Been havin' a snooze, ole boy? Well, well—hello there, whuzzamatter?" (The dog was snarling at Jurgis.) "Why, Dewey—this' my fren', Mr. Rednose— ole fren' the guv'ner's! Mr. Rednose, Admiral Dewey; shake han's—hic. Ain't he a daisy, though—blue ribbon at the New York show—eighty-five hundred at a clip! How's that, hey?" The speaker sank into one of the big armchairs, and Admiral Dewey crouched beneath it; he did not snarl again, but he never took his eyes off Jurgis. He was perfectly sober, was the Admiral. The butler had closed the door, and he stood by it, watching Jurgis every second. Now there came footsteps outside, and, as he opened the door a man in livery entered, carrying a folding table, and behind him two men with covered trays. They stood like statues while the first spread the table and set out the contents of the trays upon it. There were cold pâtés, and thin slices of meat, tiny bread and butter sandwiches with the crust cut off, a bowl of sliced peaches and cream (in January), little fancy cakes, pink and green and yellow and white, and half a dozen ice-cold bottles of wine. "Thass the stuff for you!" cried Master Freddie, exultantly, as he spied them. "Come 'long, ole chappie, move up." And he seated himself at the table; the waiter pulled a cork, and he took the bottle and poured three glasses of its contents in succession down his throat. Then he gave a long-drawn sigh, and cried again to Jurgis to seat himself. The butler held the chair at the opposite side of the table, and Jurgis thought it was to keep him out of it; but finally he understand that it was the other's

Korean bulldog: 불독, 용한사람. canopy: 닫집, 하늘, 천개로 덮다, 천개, 천개처럼 덮는 것, 천개 모양의 차양, 차양, 원개, 도대체, 닫집처럼 가리다. clip: 클립, 자르다, 질주하다, 둘러싸다, 잘라내다, 양털의 분량, 오려내다, 재빠르게 움직이다, 재빠른 동작, 쥐다, 클립으로 고정되다. crust: 철면피, 빵 껍질, 겉껍질로 덮다, 딱딱한 표면, 머리, 부스럼 딱지, 겉,

양식, 뻔뻔스러움, 식빵의껍질, 생계. 모양의 것을 달다, 시계의 태엽. daisy: 데이지, 상등품, 훌륭한, 여자 snarl: 으르렁거림, 혼란, 이름, 일품, 뼈를 추린 훈제햄. 으르렁거리다, 고함, 호통치다, exultantly: 의기 양양하게, 몹시 소리지르며 말하다, 엉클어짐, 기쁘게. 고함치다, 욕설, 혼란하게 하다, folding: 접는, 접을 수 있는, 저게된. 딱딱거리다. jeweled: 보석박은. snooze: 빈둥거리며 시간을 보내다, ribbon: 리본, 리본 모양의 것, 가늘고 선잠, 겉잠, 졸다, 빈들빈들 보내다. 길게 쪼갠 널빤지, 끈, 에 리본을 waiter: 기다리는 사람, 시중드는 사람, 달다, 고삐, 리본 모양으로 되다, 리본 요리 나르는 쟁반, 급사, 음식쟁반, 모양으로 퍼지다, 리본의, 에 리본 웨이터.

270

The Jungle

intention to put it under him, and so he sat down, cautiously and mistrustingly. Master Freddie perceived that the attendants embarrassed him, and he remarked with a nod to them, "You may go." They went, all save the butler.% "You may go too, Hamilton," he said. "Master Frederick—" the man began. "Go!" cried the youngster, angrily. "Damn you, don't you hear me?" The man went out and closed the door; Jurgis, who was as sharp as he, observed that he took the key out of the lock, in order that he might peer through the keyhole. Master Frederick turned to the table again. "Now," he said, "go for it." Jurgis gazed at him doubtingly. "Eat!" cried the other. "Pile in, ole chappie!" "Don't you want anything?" Jurgis asked. "Ain't hungry," was the reply—"only thirsty. candy—you go on."

Kitty and me had some

So Jurgis began, without further parley. He ate as with two shovels, his fork in one hand and his knife in the other; when he once got started his wolf-hunger got the better of him, and he did not stop for breath until he had cleared every plate. "Gee whiz!" said the other, who had been watching him in wonder. Then he held Jurgis the bottle. "Lessee you drink now," he said; and Jurgis took the bottle and turned it up to his mouth, and a wonderfully unearthly liquid ecstasy poured down his throat, tickling every nerve of him, thrilling him with joy. He drank the very last drop of it, and then he gave vent to a long-drawn "Ah!" "Good stuff, hey?" said Freddie, sympathetically; he had leaned back in the big chair, putting his arm behind his head and gazing at Jurgis. And Jurgis gazed back at him. He was clad in spotless evening dress, was Freddie, and looked very handsome—he was a beautiful boy, with light golden hair and the head of an Antinous. He smiled at Jurgis confidingly, and then

Korean cautiously: 주의깊게, 조심하여, 취지, 목적, 의향, 치유, 유합, 합창. plate: 감광판, 금속판, 전기판으로 조심성 있게. keyhole: 열쇠구멍. 하다, 판금으로 덮다, 도판, 접시, confidingly: 신뢰하여, 철석같이 lock: 자물쇠, 챙겨넣다, 타래, 벽위의 도리특수판, 요리 한 접시, 믿고. 끌어안다, 총기, 한 줌의털, 자물쇠를 접시 모양의 것, 쇠미늘 갑옷, embarrassed: 어리둥절한, 궁색한, 채우다, 제륜장차, 가두다, 도금하다. 무안한, 쪼들리는, 창피한, 난처한, 고착시키다, 자물쇠가 채워지다. spotless: 결백한, 얼룩이 없는, 오점이 당혹한. peer: 동등한 사람, 귀족, 동배, 없는, 티 없는, 흠 없는. golden: 금빛의, 금의, 귀중한, 절호의, 응시하다, 보이기 시작하다, 희미하게 thirsty: 술을 좋아하는, 목마른, 훌륭한, 황금, 금으로 반든, 금이 나타나다, 비길 데 없는, 상원 의원, 갈망하는, 건조한, 목마르게 하는, 가득찬, 누런빛의, 융성한, 전성의. 동료, 에 필적하다, 자세히 열망하는, 물기 없는. intention: 의지, 결혼할 의사, 의미, 들여다보다.

Upton Sinclair

271

started%talking again, with his blissful insouciance. This time he talked for ten minutes at a stretch, and in the course of the speech he told Jurgis all of his family history. His big brother Charlie was in love with the guileless maiden who played the part of "Little Bright-Eyes" in "The Kaliph of Kamskatka." He had been on the verge of marrying her once, only "the guv'ner" had sworn to disinherit him, and had presented him with a sum that would stagger the imagination, and that had staggered the virtue of "Little Bright-Eyes." Now Charlie had got leave from college, and had gone away in his automobile on the next best thing to a honeymoon. "The guv'ner" had made threats to disinherit another of his children also, sister Gwendolen, who had married an Italian marquis with a string of titles and a dueling record. They lived in his chateau, or rather had, until he had taken to firing the breakfast dishes at her; then she had cabled for help, and the old gentleman had gone over to find out what were his Grace's terms. So they had left Freddie all alone, and he with less than two thousand dollars in his pocket. Freddie was up in arms and meant serious business, as they would find in the end—if there was no other way of bringing them to terms he would have his "Kittens" wire that she was about to marry him, and see what happened then. So the cheerful youngster rattled on, until he was tired out. He smiled his sweetest smile at Jurgis, and then he closed his eyes, sleepily. Then he opened them again, and smiled once more, and finally closed them and forgot to open them. For several minutes Jurgis sat perfectly motionless, watching him, and reveling in the strange sensation of the champagne. Once he stirred, and the dog growled; after that he sat almost holding his breath—until after a while the door of the room opened softly, and the butler came in. He walked toward Jurgis upon tiptoe, scowling at him; and Jurgis rose up, and retreated, scowling back. So until he was against the wall, and then the butler came close, and pointed toward the door. "Get out of here!" he whispered.

Korean blissful: 행복한, 더없이 행복한. champagne: 샴페인, 샴페인 색, 샹파뉴. chateau: 성, 샤토, 큰 저택, 대저택. disinherit: 폐적하다, 의절하다, 상속권을 박탈하다, 의 기득의 특권을 빼앗다. dueling: 결투. firing: 발포, 점화, 발사, 불에 쬠, 불을 땜, 해고, 연료, 석탄, 발화, 땔감, 구워내기.

honeymoon: 밀월, 신혼여행, 협조관계, 이상하게 친밀한 기간, 신흔 여행. insouciance: 무심한, 태평, 무관심, 태평한, 무심함, 부주의. maiden: 처음의, 아가씨, 처녀, 미혼녀, 미혼의, 소녀, 단두대, 단두대... 미혼의, 처녀인, 처녀의. marquis: 후작, 공작의 장남의 경칭, 영국에서 공작의 장남의 경칭. sensation: 센세이션, 감각, 감동, 인기,

감정, 세상을 떠들썩하게 하는 것. sister: 자매, 누이, 언니, 자매의, 수녀, 짝의, 여자친구, 여자 형제, 여성 단체, 부인회, 동생. sleepily: 졸린, 졸음이 오는 듯한. virtue: 미덕, 정조, 장점, 가치, 고결, 효력, 미점, 도덕적 우수성, 선량, 덕, 효능. wire: 철사, 전선, 전보를 치다, 전신, 철사로 묶다, 전보치다, 전보, 결승선, 철사 세공, 전선을 가설하다, 덫.

272

The Jungle

Jurgis hesitated, giving a glance at Freddie, who was snoring softly. "If you do, you son of a—" hissed the butler, "I'll mash in your face for you before you get out of here!" And Jurgis wavered but an instant more. He saw "Admiral Dewey" coming up behind the man and growling softly, to back up his threats. Then he surrendered and started toward the door.% They went out without a sound, and down the great echoing staircase, and through the dark hall. At the front door he paused, and the butler strode close to him. "Hold up your hands," he snarled. Jurgis took a step back, clinching his one well fist. "What for?" he cried; and then understanding that the fellow proposed to search him, he answered, "I'll see you in hell first." "Do you want to go to jail?" demanded the butler, menacingly. "I'll have the police—" "Have 'em!" roared Jurgis, with fierce passion. "But you won't put your hands on me till you do! I haven't touched anything in your damned house, and I'll not have you touch me!" So the butler, who was terrified lest his young master should waken, stepped suddenly to the door, and opened it. "Get out of here!" he said; and then as Jurgis passed through the opening, he gave him a ferocious kick that sent him down the great stone steps at a run, and landed him sprawling in the snow at the bottom.

Korean bottom: 기초, 밑바닥, 바닥의, 사료, 반하게 하다, 엿기름물, 짓이긴 속속들이 스며들다, 살피다, 유심히 근거로하다, 기초를두다, 밑, 바다 밑, 것, 매시, 짓이겨서 질척하게 만든 것, 보다, 조사. 바닥, 바닥을 대다, 배밑, 원인. 으깨다, 엿기름에 끓는 물을 타다, sprawling: 불규칙하게 넓어지는, ferocious: 사나운, 잔인한, 흉악한, 밀기울 따위를 더운 물에 푼 마소의 아무렇게 휘갈긴, 팔다리를 흉하게 쭉 지독한. 사료. 뻗은, 기어가는 듯한, 불규칙하게 growling: 으르렁거리는. master: 주인, 석사, 도련님, 대가, 뻗는. landed: 소유지의, 토지를 갖고 있는, 선생, 명인, 숙달하다, 임자, 교장, touch: 촉감, 가벼운 병, 기항하다, 토지의, 토지를 소유한, 양륙한, 가장, 억제하다. 언급하다, 가필하다, 감동시키다, 토지로 된. menacingly: 협박적으로. 접촉, 촉진, 대다, 접촉하다, 만지다. mash: 으깨어 뭉개다, 더운 물을 섞다, search: 찾다, 뒤지다, 검색, 조사하다, understanding: 이해력, 양해, 이해, 곡분이나 밀기울 따위를 더운물에 갠 탐색하다, 몸수색하다, 구하다, 동의, 지시력, 이해력 있는, 발, 일치.

Upton Sinclair

273

CHAPTER 25

Jurgis got up, wild with rage, but the door was shut and the great castle was dark and impregnable. Then the icy teeth of the blast bit into him, and he turned and went away at a run.% When he stopped again it was because he was coming to frequented streets and did not wish to attract attention. In spite of that last humiliation, his heart was thumping fast with triumph. He had come out ahead on that deal! He put his hand into his trousers' pocket every now and then, to make sure that the precious hundred-dollar bill was still there. Yet he was in a plight—a curious and even dreadful plight, when he came to realize it. He had not a single cent but that one bill! And he had to find some shelter that night he had to change it! Jurgis spent half an hour walking and debating the problem. There was no one he could go to for help—he had to manage it all alone. To get it changed in a lodging-house would be to take his life in his hands—he would almost certainly be robbed, and perhaps murdered, before morning. He might go to some hotel or railroad depot and ask to have it changed; but what would they think, seeing a "bum" like him with a hundred dollars? He would probably be arrested if he tried it; and what story could he tell? On the morrow Freddie Jones would discover his loss, and there would be a hunt for him, and he would lose his

Korean ahead: 앞서서, 앞질러, 나아가, 이겨, 우세하여, 앞으로, 앞에, 암페타민 상용자, 앞쪽에. bill: 목록, 계산서, 부리, 부리를 맞대다, 갈고리 창, 청구서를 보내다, 환어음, 의안-광고하다, 예고하다, 부리-부리를 맞는다, 소장을 만들다. castle: 성장, 성, 큰저택, 더블린성, 안전한 은신처, 대저택, 성을 쌓다, 왕을 지키다, 성장말로 지키다. dark: 어두운, 비밀의, 어둠, 캄캄한,

숨은, 수수께끼 같은, 사악한, 슬픈, 보험의 사망자수, 손실물. 우울한, 무지한, 무지. story: 소문, 전설, 이야기, 거짓말, depot: 창고, 정거장, 저장소, 철도역, 줄거리, 역사, 신상 이야기, 기사, 병참부, 역, 고창. 경력, 두뇌, 위층. hotel: 호텔, 여관, 저택. thumping: 거대한, 엄청나게, 터무니 impregnable: 난공 불락의, 확고한, 없는, 놀랄만한, 탁 치는, 쾅 치는, 도덕심이 견고한, 수정가능한, 거대하게. 굴치않는, 지지않는, 끄떡 않는, 난공 wish: 소원, 바라다, 빌다, 기원, 불락. 이기를 빌다, 떠맡기다, 면 좋겠다고 loss: 손실, 상실, 실패, 패배, 손해, 생각하다, 기원 하다, 바람, 희망하다, 어쩔 줄 몰라서, 소모, 감손, 사망자, 바라는 바.

274

The Jungle

money. The only other plan he could think of was to try in a saloon. He might pay them to change it, if it could not be done otherwise.% He began peering into places as he walked; he passed several as being too crowded—then finally, chancing upon one where the bartender was all alone, he gripped his hands in sudden resolution and went in. "Can you change me a hundred-dollar bill?" he demanded. The bartender was a big, husky fellow, with the jaw of a prize fighter, and a three weeks' stubble of hair upon it. He stared at Jurgis. "What's that youse say?" he demanded. "I said, could you change me a hundred-dollar bill?" "Where'd youse get it?" he inquired incredulously. "Never mind," said Jurgis; "I've got it, and I want it changed. I'll pay you if you'll do it." The other stared at him hard. "Lemme see it," he said. "Will you change it?" Jurgis demanded, gripping it tightly in his pocket. "How the hell can I know if it's good or not?" retorted the bartender. "Whatcher take me for, hey?" Then Jurgis slowly and warily approached him; he took out the bill, and fumbled it for a moment, while the man stared at him with hostile eyes across the counter. Then finally he handed it over. The other took it, and began to examine it; he smoothed it between his fingers, and held it up to the light; he turned it over, and upside down, and edgeways. It was new and rather stiff, and that made him dubious. Jurgis was watching him like a cat all the time. "Humph," he said, finally, and gazed at the stranger, sizing him up—a ragged, ill-smelling tramp, with no overcoat and one arm in a sling—and a hundred-dollar bill! "Want to buy anything?" he demanded. "Yes," said Jurgis, "I'll take a glass of beer."

Korean dubious: 불명한, 미정의, 의심스러운, husky: 쉰 목소리의, 허스키, 에스키모 수상한, 불안한, 미덥지 않은, 모호한, 개, 억센, 실팍한 사람, 실팍진, 수상쩍은, 의심을 품은. 깍지의, 건조하다, 겉껍질의, 껍질의, edgeways: 날을 밖으로 대고, 에스키모 개의. 언저리를 따라, 끝에, 끝과 끝을 jaw: 턱, 수다, 입부분, 잔소리하다, 맞대고, 끝을 밖으로 대고, 잔소리, 어귀, 군소리하다, 입 부분, 가장자리를 밖으로 대고. 설교하다, 남에게 설교하다, 골짜기 examine: 심문하다, 심사하다, 따위의 좁다란 입구. 시험하다, 검사하다, 진찰하다, prize: 포획물, 입상한, 상품, 지레로 조사하다, 검정하다, 검토하다, 올리다, 포로, 비집어 열다, 목적물심리하다. 상품으로 주어진, 현상의, 경품, 나포

함선, 포획하다. resolution: 분해, 해결, 결의, 분석, 결심, 해답, 해상도, 과단, 불굴, 결의안, 종기 따위가 삭아 없어짐. sizing: 솎기, 아교물바르기, 배급정량, 크기대로 가르기. stubble: 그루터기, 그루터기 모양의 물건, 짧게 깎은 머리. upside: 위쪽, 상부, 혼란하여. warily: 조심하여, 방심 않고.

Upton Sinclair

275

"All right," said the other, "I'll change it." And he put the bill in his pocket, and poured Jurgis out a glass of beer, and set it on the counter. Then he turned to the cash register, and punched up five cents, and began to pull money out of the drawer. Finally, he faced Jurgis, counting it out—two dimes, a quarter, and fifty cents. "There," he said.% For a second Jurgis waited, expecting to see him turn again. "My ninety-nine dollars," he said. "What ninety-nine dollars?" demanded the bartender. "My change!" he cried—"the rest of my hundred!" "Go on," said the bartender, "you're nutty!" And Jurgis stared at him with wild eyes. For an instant horror reigned in him—black, paralyzing, awful horror, clutching him at the heart; and then came rage, in surging, blinding floods— he screamed aloud, and seized the glass and hurled it at the other's head. The man ducked, and it missed him by half an inch; he rose again and faced Jurgis, who was vaulting over the bar with his one well arm, and dealt him a smashing blow in the face, hurling him backward upon the floor. Then, as Jurgis scrambled to his feet again and started round the counter after him, he shouted at the top of his voice, "Help! help!" Jurgis seized a bottle off the counter as he ran; and as the bartender made a leap he hurled the missile at him with all his force. It just grazed his head, and shivered into a thousand pieces against the post of the door. Then Jurgis started back, rushing at the man again in the middle of the room. This time, in his blind frenzy, he came without a bottle, and that was all the bartender wanted—he met him halfway and floored him with a sledgehammer drive between the eyes. An instant later the screen doors flew open, and two men rushed in—just as Jurgis was getting to his feet again, foaming at the mouth with rage, and trying to tear his broken arm out of its bandages. "Look out!" shouted the bartender. "He's got a knife!" Then, seeing that the two were disposed to join the fray, he made another rush at Jurgis, and knocked

Korean drawer: 제도사, 서랍, 발행인, 어음 입회하다. screen: 병풍, 칸막이, 화면, 가리다, 발행인, 끌어당김을 하는 사람, leap: 뛰기, 도약하다, 뛰다, 약동하다, 막, 영화, 전위 부대, 가로막다, 끌어당김을 하는 제도사, 끌어당김을 그 거리, 뛰어 넘다, 일사천리로, 심사하다, 두둔하다, 체질하여 하는 것, 장롱. 껑충뛰다, 뛰어넘다, 뛰게 하다. 가려내다. fray: 풀다, 해지다, 다툼, 닳아 빠지게 missile: 미사일, 날아 가는 무기, sledgehammer: 큰 쇠망치, 강력한, 큰 하다, 문지르다, 떠들 썩 한 싸움, 미사일의, 날아가는 도구, 미사일 메, 모루채, 큰 쇠망치로 치다, 큰 마모되다, 해어지다, 싸움, 풀리다, 병기, 미사용의, 미사에 의한, 해머. 소모시키다. 날아가는 무기, 미사에 관한. vaulting: 둥근 천장 건축물, 뜀, join: 결합하다, 인접하다, 만나다, register: 성역, 기명하다, 기록하다, 도약용의, 뛰어 넘음, 허풍떠는, 함께 되다, 타다, 협력하다, 합하다, 자동기록기, 레지스터, 표, 음전, 단번에 띄는, 과장한, 둥근 천장 합병하다, 연결하다, 돌아오다, 음역, 등기로 부치다, 가리키다, 기록. 만들기, 둥근 천장, 단번에 뛰는.

276

The Jungle

aside his feeble defense and sent him tumbling again; and the three flung themselves upon him, rolling and kicking about the place.% A second later a policeman dashed in, and the bartender yelled once more— "Look out for his knife!" Jurgis had fought himself half to his knees, when the policeman made a leap at him, and cracked him across the face with his club. Though the blow staggered him, the wild-beast frenzy still blazed in him, and he got to his feet, lunging into the air. Then again the club descended, full upon his head, and he dropped like a log to the floor. The policeman crouched over him, clutching his stick, waiting for him to try to rise again; and meantime the barkeeper got up, and put his hand to his head. "Christ!" he said, "I thought I was done for that time. Did he cut me?" "Don't see anything, Jake," said the policeman. "What's the matter with him?" "Just crazy drunk," said the other. "A lame duck, too—but he 'most got me under the bar. Youse had better call the wagon, Billy." "No," said the officer. "He's got no more fight in him, I guess—and he's only got a block to go." He twisted his hand in Jurgis's collar and jerked at him. "Git up here, you!" he commanded. But Jurgis did not move, and the bartender went behind the bar, and after stowing the hundred-dollar bill away in a safe hiding place, came and poured a glass of water over Jurgis. Then, as the latter began to moan feebly, the policeman got him to his feet and dragged him out of the place. The station house was just around the corner, and so in a few minutes Jurgis was in a cell. He spent half the night lying unconscious, and the balance moaning in torment, with a blinding headache and a racking thirst. Now and then he cried aloud for a drink of water, but there was no one to hear him. There were others in that same station house with split heads and a fever; there were hundreds of them in the great city, and tens of thousands of them in the great land, and there was no one to hear any of them.

Korean air: 공기, 대기, 산들바람, 선율, 모양, 홱머리를숙이다, 물에 쑥 잠기게하다, officer: 관리, 간사, 공무원, 장교를 노래, 공중, 하늘, 태도, 가락, 외양. 물에쑥잠기게하다, 홱 머리를 숙이다. 배치하다, 장교, 무관, 선장, 경관, 에 bar: 바, 모기장, 막대기, 장벽, 차단봉, feeble: 약한, 연약한, 희미한, 의지가 고급 선원을 배치하다, 장교로서 장애, 막다, 돌난대-빗장을 박약한. 지휘하다, 지휘하다. 지르다잠그다, 관문, 가로장, 법조계. latter: 후자의, 끝의, 뒤의, 근자의, safe: 안전한, 틀림없는, 믿을 수 있는, defense: 수비, 방위, 변명, 수비측, 요즘의, 후방의. 몹시 조심하는, 무사한, 세이프의, 변호, 방어, 종심방어, 을 지키어, 을 log: 통나무, 베어내다, 향해 일지에 금고, 도망할우려가 없는, 위험성이 변호하여, 방어적인, 화를 잘 내는. 적다, 측정의, 기록하다, 엔진 따위의 없는, 의 가능성이 있는, 찬장. duck: 오리, 피하다, 수륙양용 트럭, 공정 일지, 의 항정을 기입하다, split: 분할, 갈라진, 갈라진 금, 오리의 고기, 돈을 물쓰듯하다, 측정기, 공정 일지, 공정 따위를 밀고하다, 분열시키다, 쪼개다, 불화, 귀여운사람, 귀여운 사람, 기록하다, 항해일지. 균열, 쪼개진, 반병, 분리.

Upton Sinclair

277

In the morning Jurgis was given a cup of water and a piece of bread, and then hustled into a patrol wagon and driven to the nearest police court. He sat in the pen with a score of others until his turn came.% The bartender—who proved to be a well-known bruiser—was called to the stand, He took the oath and told his story. The prisoner had come into his saloon after midnight, fighting drunk, and had ordered a glass of beer and tendered a dollar bill in payment. He had been given ninety-five cents' change, and had demanded ninety-nine dollars more, and before the plaintiff could even answer had hurled the glass at him and then attacked him with a bottle of bitters, and nearly wrecked the place. Then the prisoner was sworn—a forlorn object, haggard and unshorn, with an arm done up in a filthy bandage, a cheek and head cut, and bloody, and one eye purplish black and entirely closed. "What have you to say for yourself?" queried the magistrate. "Your Honor," said Jurgis, "I went into his place and asked the man if he could change me a hundred-dollar bill. And he said he would if I bought a drink. I gave him the bill and then he wouldn't give me the change." The magistrate was staring at him in perplexity. "You gave him a hundreddollar bill!" he exclaimed. "Yes, your Honor," said Jurgis. "Where did you get it?" "A man gave it to me, your Honor." "A man? What man, and what for?" "A young man I met upon the street, your Honor. I had been begging." There was a titter in the courtroom; the officer who was holding Jurgis put up his hand to hide a smile, and the magistrate smiled without trying to hide it. "It's true, your Honor!" cried Jurgis, passionately. "You had been drinking as well as begging last night, had you not?" inquired the magistrate. "No, your Honor—" protested Jurgis. "I—"

Korean bitters: 갈색 맥주, 고미 정기. bloody: 피의, 피투성이를 만들다, 심한, 피투성이의, 잔인한, 지독한, 피비린내 나는, 무척, 다루기 어려운, 굉장히, 살벌한. courtroom: 법정. entirely: 완전히, 오로지, 전적으로, 아주. eye: 눈, 시력, 탐정, 안식, 눈 모양의 것, 눈매, 주목, 잘 보다, 레이더 수상기, 보는눈, 자세히 보다.

glass: 컵, 거울, 유리, 유리를 끼우다, 안경, 현미경, 온도계, 쌍안경, 술, 글라스, 유리면. object: 대상, 목적, 물건, 목적어, 물체, 객관, 반대하다, 싫어하다, 불쌍한, 반대 이유로 들다, 감정 따위의 대상. passionately: 열렬히, 격노하여, 격심하게. purplish: 자줏빛을 띤, 자주빛을 띤, 자주빛의. score: 득점하다, 이유, 계산하다, 득점,

얻다, 총보, 진상, 계산, 성공, 벤 자리, 눈금을 내다. smile: 미소, 냉소, 은혜, 방긋거림, 청명한 모양, 미소짓다, 스마일, 열리다, 미소로 표시하다, 웃다, 웃으세요. titter: 킥킥웃음, 킥킥 거리다, 킥킥 웃다, 킥킥 웃음. unshorn: 가위로 다듬지 않은, 감소되지 않은, 거둬들이지 않은. well-known: 친한, 유명한, 잘 알려진.

278

The Jungle

"You had not had anything to drink?" "Why, yes, your Honor, I had—" "What did you have?" "I had a bottle of something—I don't know what it was—something that burned—" There was again a laugh round the courtroom, stopping suddenly as the magistrate looked up and frowned. "Have you ever been arrested before?" he asked abruptly.% The question took Jurgis aback. "I—I—" he stammered. "Tell me the truth, now!" commanded the other, sternly. "Yes, your Honor," said Jurgis. "How often?" "Only once, your Honor." "What for?" "For knocking down my boss, your Honor. I was working in the stockyards, and he—" "I see," said his Honor; "I guess that will do. You ought to stop drinking if you can't control yourself. Ten days and costs. Next case." Jurgis gave vent to a cry of dismay, cut off suddenly by the policeman, who seized him by the collar. He was jerked out of the way, into a room with the convicted prisoners, where he sat and wept like a child in his impotent rage. It seemed monstrous to him that policemen and judges should esteem his word as nothing in comparison with the bartender's—poor Jurgis could not know that the owner of the saloon paid five dollars each week to the policeman alone for Sunday privileges and general favors— nor that the pugilist bartender was one of the most trusted henchmen of the Democratic leader of the district, and had helped only a few months before to hustle out a record-breaking vote as a testimonial to the magistrate, who had been made the target of odious kidgloved reformers.

Korean convicted: 유죄를 선고하는, 유죄를 힘차게 밀다, 힘차게 해내다, 억지로 입증하는, 죄를 깨닫게 하는. 시키다, 서로 밀치다, 매우 서두르기, esteem: 존중하다, 존중, 존경하다, 난폭하게 밀다. 귀중히 여기다, 간주하다, 존경, impotent: 무력한, 음위의, 허약한, 간주하다-존경, 평가하다. 노쇠한, 체력이 없는, 노쇠자, 뇌쇠한, guess: 추측, 생각하다, 알아맞히다, 능력이 없는, 무력자, 성교 불능의, 추측하다, 직각하다, 라고 생각하다, 성교불능자. 풀어맞히다, 생각해맞히다, 추단하다, laugh: 웃다, 웃음, 흥겨워하다, 어림 짐작으로 말하다. 시키다, 조모하다, 웃으며 ...하다, hustle: 서두르다, 맹렬히 일하다, 곡식 따위가 유쾌한 듯이 소리내어 서두름, 서로 떠밀기, 서로 떠밀다, 웃다, 경치 따위가 유쾌한 듯이

소리내어 웃다, 물 따위가 유쾌한 듯이 소리내어 웃다, 소리를 내어 웃다, 웃어서 이르게 하다. odious: 싫은, 밉살스러운, 증오해야 할, 추악한. pugilist: 권투 선수. sternly: 엄숙하게, 단호하게, 피폐하게, 엄격하게, 엄하게. testimonial: 증명서, 기념품, 표창장, 사례, 감사의, 감사장, 증명서의, 증명의, 표창의.

Upton Sinclair

279

Jurgis was driven out to the Bridewell for the second time. In his tumbling around he had hurt his arm again, and so could not work, but had to be attended by the physician. Also his head and his eye had to be tied up—and so he was a pretty-looking object when, the second day after his arrival, he went out into the exercise court and encountered—Jack Duane! The young fellow was so glad to see Jurgis that he almost hugged him. "By God, if it isn't 'the Stinker'!" he cried. "And what is it—have you been through a sausage machine?" "No," said Jurgis, "but I've been in a railroad wreck and a fight." And then, while some of the other prisoners gathered round he told his wild story; most of them were incredulous, but Duane knew that Jurgis could never have made up such a yarn as that.% "Hard luck, old man," he said, when they were alone; "but maybe it's taught you a lesson." "I've learned some things since I saw you last," said Jurgis mournfully. Then he explained how he had spent the last summer, "hoboing it," as the phrase was. "And you?" he asked finally. "Have you been here ever since?" "Lord, no!" said the other. "I only came in the day before yesterday. It's the second time they've sent me up on a trumped-up charge—I've had hard luck and can't pay them what they want. Why don't you quit Chicago with me, Jurgis?" "I've no place to go," said Jurgis, sadly. "Neither have I," replied the other, laughing lightly. "But we'll wait till we get out and see." In the Bridewell Jurgis met few who had been there the last time, but he met scores of others, old and young, of exactly the same sort. It was like breakers upon a beach; there was new water, but the wave looked just the same. He strolled about and talked with them, and the biggest of them told tales of their prowess, while those who were weaker, or younger and inexperienced, gathered round and listened in admiring silence. The last time he was there, Jurgis had thought of little but his family; but now he was free to listen to these men, and to

Korean arrival: 도착, 도착자, 출현, 도달, 악구로 표현하다, 악구 문구, 성구흔들리다, 바다, 너울거리다, 흔들어 신생아, 입항, 출생, 도착의, 말씨로 표현하다, 표현법, 명언, 신호하다. 도착자물. 말씨로 표현하다. yarn: 허풍, 이야기, 방사, 뜨개질, 피륙 beach: 모래, 물가, 바닷가, 냇가, 호반, prowess: 용기, 훌륭한 솜씨, 용감한 짜는 실, 꾸며낸 이야기, 모험담, 해변, 조약돌, 해수욕장, 바닷가에 행위. 꼰실, 방사를 감다, 얀, 긴 이야기를 끌어 올리다, 바닷가에 끌어올리다, sadly: 슬프게, 한탄할 정도로, 치사한, 하다. 뭍에 얹히다. 천한, 진지한, 우중충충한, 지독한, younger: 나이 적은 쪽의, 연하의 incredulous: 쉽게 믿지 않는, 절망적인, 유감스럽게도, 어두운, 사람, 손아랫사람들, 어린 쪽의, 의심하는 듯한, 쉽사리 믿지 않는, 애처롭게. 연하쪽의 젊은이, 형제 중 어린 쪽의, 의심많은. wave: 파도, 물결치다, 파동, 물결, 손아래의, 손 아래 사람들, 아이들. phrase: 구, 성구, 관용구, 금언, 말, 펄럭이다, 휘두르다, 물결치게 하다,

280

The Jungle

realize that he was one of them—that their point of view was his point of view, and that the way they kept themselves alive in the world was the way he meant to do it in the future.% And so, when he was turned out of prison again, without a penny in his pocket, he went straight to Jack Duane. He went full of humility and gratitude; for Duane was a gentleman, and a man with a profession—and it was remarkable that he should be willing to throw in his lot with a humble workingman, one who had even been a beggar and a tramp. Jurgis could not see what help he could be to him; but he did not understand that a man like himself—who could be trusted to stand by any one who was kind to him—was as rare among criminals as among any other class of men. The address Jurgis had was a garret room in the Ghetto district, the home of a pretty little French girl, Duane's mistress, who sewed all day, and eked out her living by prostitution. He had gone elsewhere, she told Jurgis—he was afraid to stay there now, on account of the police. The new address was a cellar dive, whose proprietor said that he had never heard of Duane; but after he had put Jurgis through a catechism he showed him a back stairs which led to a "fence" in the rear of a pawnbroker's shop, and thence to a number of assignation rooms, in one of which Duane was hiding. Duane was glad to see him; he was without a cent of money, he said, and had been waiting for Jurgis to help him get some. He explained his plan—in fact he spent the day in laying bare to his friend the criminal world of the city, and in showing him how he might earn himself a living in it. That winter he would have a hard time, on account of his arm, and because of an unwonted fit of activity of the police; but so long as he was unknown to them he would be safe if he were careful. Here at "Papa" Hanson's (so they called the old man who kept the dive) he might rest at ease, for "Papa" Hanson was "square"—would stand by him so long as he paid, and gave him an hour's notice if there were to be a police raid. Also Rosensteg, the pawnbroker, would buy anything he had for a third of its value, and guarantee to keep it hidden for a year.

Korean assignation: 지정, 재산의 양도, 할당, 밀회의약속, 양도, 만날 약속. dive: 몰두, 몰두하다, 뛰어들다, 잠수, 갑자기없어지다, 다이빙, 급강하, 탐구, 짐수하다, 잠수시키다, 짜고 하는 녹아웃. guarantee: 보증인, 보증, 보장, 보증하다, 담보, 피보증인, 보증하는 것. humility: 겸손, 겸허. laying: 부설, 조준, 쌓음, 꼬는 법,

애벌칠, 쌓기, 놓기, 한 배에 깐 알, 이상한, 현저한, 보통이 아닌, 드문, 끌어 댐, 설치, 한 번에 까는 알. 두드러진, 놀랄만한, 비상한, 뛰어난. pawnbroker: 전당포 주인. unknown: 알려지지 않은, 미지수, prostitution: 매춘, 타락. 미지의, 미지의 인물, 불명의, 알 수 raid: 급습, 습격, 급습하다, 기습, 불시 없는, 모르는, 미지 사물, 무명, 단속하다, 급습하여 빼앗다, 공습, 세상에 알려지지 않은 것, 세상에 현장급습, 침입, 침입하다, 자금유용. 알려지지 않은 사람. rare: 드문, 희박한, 진기한, 설익은, unwonted: 보통이 아닌, 드문, 설구워진, 매우, 극히, 참좋은, 익숙하지 않은, 이상한, 에 익숙하지 희귀한, 희한한, 귀한. 않은. remarkable: 주목할 만한, 비범한,

Upton Sinclair

281

There was an oil stove in the little cupboard of a room, and they had some supper; and then about eleven o'clock at night they sallied forth together, by a rear entrance to the place, Duane armed with a slingshot. They came to a residence district, and he sprang up a lamppost and blew out the light, and then the two dodged into the shelter of an area step and hid in silence.% Pretty soon a man came by, a workingman—and they let him go. Then after a long interval came the heavy tread of a policeman, and they held their breath till he was gone. Though half-frozen, they waited a full quarter of an hour after that—and then again came footsteps, walking briskly. Duane nudged Jurgis, and the instant the man had passed they rose up. Duane stole out as silently as a shadow, and a second later Jurgis heard a thud and a stifled cry. He was only a couple of feet behind, and he leaped to stop the man's mouth, while Duane held him fast by the arms, as they had agreed. But the man was limp and showed a tendency to fall, and so Jurgis had only to hold him by the collar, while the other, with swift fingers, went through his pockets—ripping open, first his overcoat, and then his coat, and then his vest, searching inside and outside, and transferring the contents into his own pockets. At last, after feeling of the man's fingers and in his necktie, Duane whispered, "That's all!" and they dragged him to the area and dropped him in. Then Jurgis went one way and his friend the other, walking briskly. The latter arrived first, and Jurgis found him examining the "swag." There was a gold watch, for one thing, with a chain and locket; there was a silver pencil, and a matchbox, and a handful of small change, and finally a cardcase. This last Duane opened feverishly—there were letters and checks, and two theater-tickets, and at last, in the back part, a wad of bills. He counted them— there was a twenty, five tens, four fives, and three ones. Duane drew a long breath. "That lets us out!" he said. After further examination, they burned the cardcase and its contents, all but the bills, and likewise the picture of a little girl in the locket. Then Duane took the watch and trinkets downstairs, and came back with sixteen dollars. "The old

Korean briskly: 기운차게, 상쾌하게, 활발하게. cardcase: 카드상자, 명함 넣는 통. chain: 쇠사슬, 연쇄, 굴레, 측쇄, 속박, 체인, 목걸이, 차꼬, 일련, 회로, 사슬로 연결하다. examination: 조사, 시험, 심문, 검사, 심리, 심사. fives: 두사람 또는 네사람이 하는 핸드볼 비슷한 구기, 핸드볼과 비슷한 구기.

locket: 로킷, 로켓. matchbox: 성냥갑. residence: 거주, 주택, 주소, 주재, 소재, 체재, 거류, 주거, 대저택, 저택, 체재 기간. shadow: 그림자, 어둠, 어둡게 하다, 비호, 영상, 환영, 미행자, 그늘, 보호다다, 덮다, 그림자를 만들다. silver: 은, 은의, 은화, 은을 입히다, 은으로 만든, 은그릇, 은도금 하다, 질산은, 질산은을 칠하다, 은실, 은

같은. slingshot: 새총, 투석기, 고무총. tendency: 경향, 버릇, 취지, 추세, 성벽, 특정한 경향, 성향, 풍조. tread: 밟아 뭉개다, 걷다, 짓밟다, 밟다, 걸음걸이, 밟기, 교미하다, 가로장, 밟는 소리, 억누르다, 디딤판. vest: 조끼, 옷을 입히다, 앞장식, 속옷, 소유권을 귀속시키다, 부여하다, 입히다, 귀속하다, 의복을 입다, 제복을 입다, 확정되다.

282

The Jungle

scoundrel said the case was filled," he said. "It's a lie, but he knows I want the money." They divided up the spoils, and Jurgis got as his share fifty-five dollars and some change. He protested that it was too much, but the other had agreed to divide even. That was a good haul, he said, better than average.% When they got up in the morning, Jurgis was sent out to buy a paper; one of the pleasures of committing a crime was the reading about it afterward. "I had a pal that always did it," Duane remarked, laughing—"until one day he read that he had left three thousand dollars in a lower inside pocket of his party's vest!" There was a half-column account of the robbery—it was evident that a gang was operating in the neighborhood, said the paper, for it was the third within a week, and the police were apparently powerless. The victim was an insurance agent, and he had lost a hundred and ten dollars that did not belong to him. He had chanced to have his name marked on his shirt, otherwise he would not have been identified yet. His assailant had hit him too hard, and he was suffering from concussion of the brain; and also he had been half-frozen when found, and would lose three fingers on his right hand. The enterprising newspaper reporter had taken all this information to his family, and told how they had received it. Since it was Jurgis's first experience, these details naturally caused him some worriment; but the other laughed coolly—it was the way of the game, and there was no helping it. Before long Jurgis would think no more of it than they did in the yards of knocking out a bullock. "It's a case of us or the other fellow, and I say the other fellow, every time," he observed. "Still," said Jurgis, reflectively, "he never did us any harm." "He was doing it to somebody as hard as he could, you can be sure of that," said his friend. Duane had already explained to Jurgis that if a man of their trade were known he would have to work all the time to satisfy the demands of the police. Therefore it would be better for Jurgis to stay in hiding and never be seen in public with his pal. But Jurgis soon got very tired of staying in hiding. In a

Korean belong: 에속하다, 의 것이다, 있다, 있어야 하다, 속하다, 소속하다. bullock: 불깐소, 황소, 불깐 소. concussion: 격동, 진동, 진탕, 협박, 뇌진탕. divided: 분할된, 열개한, 갈라진, 분리된, 분배한, 각기 다른. haul: 한 그물, 잡아끌다, 세게 당기기, 운반, 운반하다, 잡아당기다, 잡은 것, 침로를 바꾸다, 세게 끌기, 한 그물의 어획, 차로 나르다.

helping: 도움, 조력, 거들어줌, 조력 구원의, 한번담는 분량, 돕는 도움이 되는, 거들기. marked: 현저한, 기호가 붙은, 눈에 띄는, 저명한, 두드러진, 기호가 있는, 주의를 끄는, 표가 있는. operating: 경영상의, 수술의, 수술비, 운영상의, 수술을 위한, 운전중의, 작동중의. pal: 공범, 친구, 짝패, 사이가 좋아지다, 동료, 한 패가 되다, 단짝.

powerless: 무력한, 무능한. reporter: 보고자, 통신원, 기관지, 서기관, 신문기자, 의사 속기자, 탐방기자, 의사기록원, 신고자. satisfy: 만족시키다, 풀게하다, 채우다, 가라앉히다, 갚다, 안심시키다, 이루다, 지불하다, 풀다, 충족시키다, 만족을 주다. shirt: 와이셔츠, 성내지 않다, 셔츠, 내의, 포장천, 남자 잠옷. worriment: 괴로움, 걱정, 근심.

Upton Sinclair

283

couple of weeks he was feeling strong and beginning to use his arm, and then he could not stand it any longer. Duane, who had done a job of some sort by himself, and made a truce with the powers, brought over Marie, his little French girl, to share with him; but even that did not avail for long, and in the end he had to give up arguing, and take Jurgis out and introduce him to the saloons and "sporting houses" where the big crooks and "holdup men" hung out.% And so Jurgis got a glimpse of the high-class criminal world of Chicago. The city, which was owned by an oligarchy of businessmen, being nominally ruled by the people, a huge army of graft was necessary for the purpose of effecting the transfer of power. Twice a year, in the spring and fall elections, millions of dollars were furnished by the businessmen and expended by this army; meetings were held and clever speakers were hired, bands played and rockets sizzled, tons of documents and reservoirs of drinks were distributed, and tens of thousands of votes were bought for cash. And this army of graft had, of course, to be maintained the year round. The leaders and organizers were maintained by the businessmen directly—aldermen and legislators by means of bribes, party officials out of the campaign funds, lobbyists and corporation lawyers in the form of salaries, contractors by means of jobs, labor union leaders by subsidies, and newspaper proprietors and editors by advertisements. The rank and file, however, were either foisted upon the city, or else lived off the population directly. There was the police department, and the fire and water departments, and the whole balance of the civil list, from the meanest office boy to the head of a city department; and for the horde who could find no room in these, there was the world of vice and crime, there was license to seduce, to swindle and plunder and prey. The law forbade Sunday drinking; and this had delivered the saloonkeepers into the hands of the police, and made an alliance between them necessary. The law forbade prostitution; and this had brought the "madames" into the combination. It was the same with the gambling-house keeper and the poolroom man, and the same with any other man or woman who had a means of getting "graft," and was willing to pay over a share of it: the green-goods man and the highwayman, the pickpocket and the sneak thief, and the receiver of stolen goods, the seller of adulterated milk, of stale fruit and diseased meat, the

Korean avail: 이익, 도움이되다, 소용이되다, 효용, 이롭다-이익.효용, 이롭다, 유용하다, 효력이 있다, 에 도움이 되다. distributed: 분포된. highwayman: 노상강도, 노상 강도. horde: 큰 무리, 군중, 유목민의 무리, 떼짓다, 유랑민의의 떼, 유목민의 떼, 큰 떼거리. license: 방종, 면허하다, 면허, 방자, 감찰, 파격, 허가증, 인가, 인가하다,

승낙. nominally: 명목상, 이름뿐으로. oligarchy: 과두 정치, 소수 독재 정치, 소수의 독재자, 과두 독재국, 과두정치, 소수독재정치. pickpocket: 소매치기. plunder: 약탈, 약탈하다, 착복하다, 약탈품, 노략질하다, 사람들로부터 물건을 약탈하다, 장소로부터 물건을 약탈하다. poolroom: 당구장, 장외 도박장.

receiver: 수취인, 받는그릇, 수신기, 수화기, 리시버, 수납원, 가스 탱크, 그릇, 접대하는 사람, 재산 관리인, 응전하는 사람. seduce: 유혹하다, 꾀어내다, 황홀케하다, 부추기다, 추기다, 매혹하다. thief: 도둑. truce: 휴전, 중지, 휴전 협정에 의해 중지하다, 휴지, 휴전 협정, 휴전하다, 휴전에 의해 중지하다.

284

The Jungle

proprietor of unsanitary tenements, the fake doctor and the usurer, the beggar and the "pushcart man," the prize fighter and the professional slugger, the racetrack "tout," the procurer, the white-slave agent, and the expert seducer of young girls. All of these agencies of corruption were banded together, and leagued in blood brotherhood with the politician and the police; more often than not they were one and the same person,—the police captain would own the brothel he pretended to raid, the politician would open his headquarters in his saloon. "Hinkydink" or "Bathhouse John," or others of that ilk, were proprietors of the most notorious dives in Chicago, and also the "gray wolves" of the city council, who gave away the streets of the city to the businessmen; and those who patronized their places were the gamblers and prize fighters who set the law at defiance, and the burglars and holdup men who kept the whole city in terror. On election day all these powers of vice and crime were one power; they could tell within one per cent what the vote of their district would be, and they could change it at an hour's notice.% A month ago Jurgis had all but perished of starvation upon the streets; and now suddenly, as by the gift of a magic key, he had entered into a world where money and all the good things of life came freely. He was introduced by his friend to an Irishman named "Buck" Halloran, who was a political "worker" and on the inside of things. This man talked with Jurgis for a while, and then told him that he had a little plan by which a man who looked like a workingman might make some easy money; but it was a private affair, and had to be kept quiet. Jurgis expressed himself as agreeable, and the other took him that afternoon (it was Saturday) to a place where city laborers were being paid off. The paymaster sat in a little booth, with a pile of envelopes before him, and two policemen standing by. Jurgis went, according to directions, and gave the name of "Michael O'Flaherty," and received an envelope, which he took around the corner and delivered to Halloran, who was waiting for him in a saloon. Then he went again; and gave the name of "Johann Schmidt," and a third time, and give the name of "Serge Reminitsky." Halloran had quite a list of imaginary workingmen, and Jurgis got an envelope for each one. For this work he received five dollars, and was told that he might have it every week, so long as he kept

Korean agreeable: 기분 좋은, 유쾌한, 적당한, 어울리는, 쾌이 흥하는, 사근사근한, 마음에 드는, 맞는, 상냥한, 기꺼이 동의하는. booth: 노점, 매점, 오두막, 전화실, 부드, 전화 박스, 부스, 칸막이한 좌석, 가설 오두막. brothel: 갈못집, 갈봇집, 매음굴, 유곽, 지저분한 곳. brotherhood: 조합, 협회, 결사, 동료, 형제관계, 친선 단체, 철도 종업원

조합, 성직자단, 형제간, 철도 노동조합, 수사단. fake: 사기꾼, 날조하다, 가짜의, 가짜, 위조, 위조의, 첩첩이 사리다, 한사리, 모조품, 속이다, 위조하다. holdup: 노상강도, 교통의 정체. ilk: 가족, 같은, 동일한, 동류, 각각의, 각자의, 같은 종류. imaginary: 상상의, 가공의어떤 사물이 상상으로서만 존재하는, 비현실적이어서 신용할수 없는, 허수,

상상상의, 허수의. paymaster: 재정관, 회계원, 경리 부장, 경리 과장. procurer: 획득자, 뚜쟁이. seducer: 유혹하다, 꾀어내다, 부추기다, 황홀케하다, 유혹자. slugger: 강타자. unsanitary: 비위생적인, 건강에 좋지 않은, 보건상 나쁜, 건강에 좋지 못한, 불결한. usurer: 고리 대금업자.

Upton Sinclair

285

quiet. As Jurgis was excellent at keeping quiet, he soon won the trust of "Buck" Halloran, and was introduced to others as a man who could be depended upon.% This acquaintance was useful to him in another way, also before long Jurgis made his discovery of the meaning of "pull," and just why his boss, Connor, and also the pugilist bartender, had been able to send him to jail. One night there was given a ball, the "benefit" of "One-eyed Larry," a lame man who played the violin in one of the big "high-class" houses of prostitution on Clark Street, and was a wag and a popular character on the "Levee." This ball was held in a big dance hall, and was one of the occasions when the city's powers of debauchery gave themselves up to madness. Jurgis attended and got half insane with drink, and began quarreling over a girl; his arm was pretty strong by then, and he set to work to clean out the place, and ended in a cell in the police station. The police station being crowded to the doors, and stinking with "bums," Jurgis did not relish staying there to sleep off his liquor, and sent for Halloran, who called up the district leader and had Jurgis bailed out by telephone at four o'clock in the morning. When he was arraigned that same morning, the district leader had already seen the clerk of the court and explained that Jurgis Rudkus was a decent fellow, who had been indiscreet; and so Jurgis was fined ten dollars and the fine was "suspended"—which meant that he did not have to pay for it, and never would have to pay it, unless somebody chose to bring it up against him in the future. Among the people Jurgis lived with now money was valued according to an entirely different standard from that of the people of Packingtown; yet, strange as it may seem, he did a great deal less drinking than he had as a workingman. He had not the same provocations of exhaustion and hopelessness; he had now something to work for, to struggle for. He soon found that if he kept his wits about him, he would come upon new opportunities; and being naturally an active man, he not only kept sober himself, but helped to steady his friend, who was a good deal fonder of both wine and women than he. One thing led to another. In the saloon where Jurgis met "Buck" Halloran he was sitting late one night with Duane, when a "country customer" (a buyer for

Korean buyer: 사는사람, 사는 사람. customer: 고객, 녀석, 단골, 놈, 사내, 거래처. hopelessness: 가망없음, 절망 상태, 가망 없음. indiscreet: 경솔한, 지각없는, 무분별한, 분별없는. insane: 미친, 제정신이 아닌, 미친 것 같은, 환장한 것 같은, 정신이상자를 위한, 광기의, 몰상식한, 광폭한, 발광한, 미친 듯한.

naturally: 당연히, 자연히, 있는 맛보다, 기미. 그대로, 물론, 본래, 태어나면서부터, wag: 흔들다, 익살꾸러기, 흔듦, 타고나기를, 진짜 그대로, 자연의 흔들거림, 흔들리다, 흔들기, 힘으로, 실물그대로, 수월하게. 출발하다, 여러 모로 변해가다, occasions: 용무. 아장아장 걷다, 신호하다, 농뗑이 pretty: 예쁜, 상당한, 귀여운, 매우, 부리다. 아름다운, 유복하여, 귀여운 아이, wine: 포도주, 포도주를 마시다, 붉은 이름답게 하다, 예쁘장한, 예쁘장하게 포도주빛, 기운을 돋우는것, 취하게 하다, 상당히. 하는 것, 포도주 용제, 적포도주색, 을 relish: 조미료, 식욕, 좋아하다, 향기, 포도주로 대접하다, 기운나게 하는 흥미, 기호, 양념, 풍미, 즐기다, 것, 포도주 파티.

286

The Jungle

an%out-of-town merchant) came in, a little more than half "piped." There was no one else in the place but the bartender, and as the man went out again Jurgis and Duane followed him; he went round the corner, and in a dark place made by a combination of the elevated railroad and an unrented building, Jurgis leaped forward and shoved a revolver under his nose, while Duane, with his hat pulled over his eyes, went through the man's pockets with lightning fingers. They got his watch and his "wad," and were round the corner again and into the saloon before he could shout more than once. The bartender, to whom they had tipped the wink, had the cellar door open for them, and they vanished, making their way by a secret entrance to a brothel next door. From the roof of this there was access to three similar places beyond. By means of these passages the customers of any one place could be gotten out of the way, in case a falling out with the police chanced to lead to a raid; and also it was necessary to have a way of getting a girl out of reach in case of an emergency. Thousands of them came to Chicago answering advertisements for "servants" and "factory hands," and found themselves trapped by fake employment agencies, and locked up in a bawdyhouse. It was generally enough to take all their clothes away from them; but sometimes they would have to be "doped" and kept prisoners for weeks; and meantime their parents might be telegraphing the police, and even coming on to see why nothing was done. Occasionally there was no way of satisfying them but to let them search the place to which the girl had been traced. For his help in this little job, the bartender received twenty out of the hundred and thirty odd dollars that the pair secured; and naturally this put them on friendly terms with him, and a few days later he introduced them to a little "sheeny" named Goldberger, one of the "runners" of the "sporting house" where they had been hidden. After a few drinks Goldberger began, with some hesitation, to narrate how he had had a quarrel over his best girl with a professional "cardsharp," who had hit him in the jaw. The fellow was a stranger in Chicago, and if he was found some night with his head cracked there would be no one to care very much. Jurgis, who by this time would cheerfully have cracked the heads of all the gamblers in Chicago, inquired what would be coming to him; at which the Jew became still more confidential, and said that he

Korean answering: 상응하는, 응답의. 위급사태, 비상 사태, 비상용의. cheerfully: 쾌활하게, 기분좋게, friendly: 친한, 친절한, 호의를보이는, 명랑하게, 기쁜 마음으로, 기꺼이. 형편좋은, 붙임성 있는, 우정이있는, combination: 결합, 조합, 배합, 화합, 친구의, 친절, 친구처럼, 우호적인, 단결, 공동 동작, 콤비네이션, 짝맞춤, 친선경기. 집형, 결사, 짝지움. narrate: 말하다, 이야기하다, confidential: 심복의, 기밀의, 비밀의, 나레이타가 되다, 이야기 하다. 속 이야기를 터놓는, 친숙한, quarrel: 싸움의 원인, 싸움, 불평, 신임하는, 신임이 두터운, 신뢰할 수 말다툼, 네모진 촉이 달린 화살, 있는, 격의 없는, 내밀한. 불화의 씨, 불화, 불평하다, 싸움하다, emergency: 긴급한, 비상사태, 말다툼하다, 말다툼의 원인.

received: 용인된, 받아들여진, 일반적으로 인정된, 믿어지고 있는. revolver: 회전로, 리볼버, 연발 권총, 연발권총. roof: 지붕, 집, 최고부, 에 지붕을 이다, 꼭대기, 보호하다, 위턱, 지붕모양의 물건, 지붕으로덮다, 지붕을 해 덮다, 차의지붕. satisfying: 확실한, 충분한, 만족을 주는, 납득이 가는, 납득이 되는, 만족한.

Upton Sinclair

287

had some tips on the New Orleans races, which he got direct from the police captain of the district, whom he had got out of a bad scrape, and who "stood in" with a big syndicate of horse owners. Duane took all this in at once, but Jurgis had to have the whole race-track situation explained to him before he realized the importance of such an opportunity.% There was the gigantic Racing Trust. It owned the legislatures in every state in which it did business; it even owned some of the big newspapers, and made public opinion—there was no power in the land that could oppose it unless, perhaps, it were the Poolroom Trust. It built magnificent racing parks all over the country, and by means of enormous purses it lured the people to come, and then it organized a gigantic shell game, whereby it plundered them of hundreds of millions of dollars every year. Horse racing had once been a sport, but nowadays it was a business; a horse could be "doped" and doctored, undertrained or overtrained; it could be made to fall at any moment—or its gait could be broken by lashing it with the whip, which all the spectators would take to be a desperate effort to keep it in the lead. There were scores of such tricks; and sometimes it was the owners who played them and made fortunes, sometimes it was the jockeys and trainers, sometimes it was outsiders, who bribed them—but most of the time it was the chiefs of the trust. Now for instance, they were having winter racing in New Orleans and a syndicate was laying out each day's program in advance, and its agents in all the Northern cities were "milking" the poolrooms. The word came by long-distance telephone in a cipher code, just a little while before each race; and any man who could get the secret had as good as a fortune. If Jurgis did not believe it, he could try it, said the little Jew—let them meet at a certain house on the morrow and make a test. Jurgis was willing, and so was Duane, and so they went to one of the highclass poolrooms where brokers and merchants gambled (with society women in a private room), and they put up ten dollars each upon a horse called "Black Beldame," a six to one shot, and won. For a secret like that they would have done a good many sluggings—but the next day Goldberger informed them that the offending gambler had got wind of what was coming to him, and had skipped the town.

Korean cipher: 아라비아 숫자, 암호, 영, 계산하다, 변변치 않은 사람, 자명, 암호로 쓰다, 암호를 쓰다, 열쇠, 운산하다, 을 계산하다. gait: 보조, 걸음걸이, 걷는 모양, 걸음걸이를 조련하다, 심사원 에 걷게하다, 심사원 앞에 걷게 하다, 말의 보조. gambler: 노름꾼, 투기사, 도박꾼. lashing: 채찍질, 질책, 밧줄, 묶음, 많음, 묶기.

long-distance: 장거리의, 일기 예보가 연맹, 평의원단, 신문잡지 연맹을 장기의, 장거리 전화로, 장기의. 통하여 발표하다, 기업연합, magnificent: 웅대한, 장려한, 훌륭한, 신디케이트를 만들다, 신디케이트를 장엄한, 우수한, 아주 훌륭한, 이상한. 조직하다, 신디케이트 조직으로 하다, nowadays: 현대, 지금은, 요즈음에는, 범죄단, 이사회, 신문 잡지 연맹을 요즈음, 오늘날, 오늘날에는. 통하여 배급하다. offending: 불쾌한. whip: 마부, 채찍질하다, 감치다, oppose: 반대하다, 저항하다, 사냥개 담당원, 매, 크림 달걀 따위를 대항시키다, 방해하다, 에 반대하다, 거품일게 한 디저트 과자, 원내총무, 에 대항하다, 방해물로 두다, 반대다. 낚싯대를 휙 던져 났다, 휘감다, syndicate: 신디케이트, 신문 잡지 단단히 감다, 거품일게 하다.

288

The Jungle

There %were ups and downs at the business; but there was always a living, inside of a jail, if not out of it. Early in April the city elections were due, and that meant prosperity for all the powers of graft. Jurgis, hanging round in dives and gambling houses and brothels, met with the heelers of both parties, and from their conversation he came to understand all the ins and outs of the game, and to hear of a number of ways in which he could make himself useful about election time. "Buck" Halloran was a "Democrat," and so Jurgis became a Democrat also; but he was not a bitter one—the Republicans were good fellows, too, and were to have a pile of money in this next campaign. At the last election the Republicans had paid four dollars a vote to the Democrats' three; and "Buck" Halloran sat one night playing cards with Jurgis and another man, who told how Halloran had been charged with the job voting a "bunch" of thirty-seven newly landed Italians, and how he, the narrator, had met the Republican worker who was after the very same gang, and how the three had effected a bargain, whereby the Italians were to vote half and half, for a glass of beer apiece, while the balance of the fund went to the conspirators! Not long after this, Jurgis, wearying of the risks and vicissitudes of miscellaneous crime, was moved to give up the career for that of a politician. Just at this time there was a tremendous uproar being raised concerning the alliance between the criminals and the police. For the criminal graft was one in which the businessmen had no direct part—it was what is called a "side line," carried by the police. "Wide open" gambling and debauchery made the city pleasing to "trade," but burglaries and holdups did not. One night it chanced that while Jack Duane was drilling a safe in a clothing store he was caught redhanded by the night watchman, and turned over to a policeman, who chanced to know him well, and who took the responsibility of letting him make his escape. Such a howl from the newspapers followed this that Duane was slated for sacrifice, and barely got out of town in time. And just at that juncture it happened that Jurgis was introduced to a man named Harper whom he recognized as the night watchman at Brown's, who had been instrumental in making him an American citizen, the first year of his arrival at the yards. The other was interested in the coincidence, but did not remember Jurgis—he had

Korean barely: 간신히, 드러내놓고, 겨우, 꾸밈없이, 가까스로, 드러내고, 빈약하게, 사실대로, 숨김없이. citizen: 시민, 공민, 주민, 민간인, 국민, 단조롭고 보수적인 그룹에 속해 있는 사람, 공민권, 도시인, 융통성이 없는 딱딱한 사람, 인민, 일반인. coincidence: 일치, 부합, 동시에 일어난 사건, 동시에 일어남, 동시발생, 동시에일어난 사건, 동시 발생, 우연히 같이 일어난 사건.

downs: 다운스 정박지, 잉글랜드 남부 및 동남부의 구릉지대. drilling: 교련, 훈련, 연습, 송곳질, 조파법, 구멍 뚫기, 송곳밥, 천공, 능직의 튼튼한 무명. instrumental: 기계의, 악기의, 수단이 되는, 조격, 조격의, 악기를 위한, 악기에 의한, 쓸모 있는, 도움이 되는, 기계를 사용하는. miscellaneous: 잡다한, 가지가지의, 잡동사니의, 다방면의, 여러 가지

잡다한, 여러 가지 잡다한 것으로 된, 잡다하게 뒤섞인. narrator: 이야기하는 사람. pleasing: 유쾌한, 만족한, 붙임성 있는. recognized: 인정하는. red-handed: 손이 빨간, 손이 피투성이의, 현행범의, 손이 피투성이가 되어, 손이 피투성이가 된. voting: 투표, 투표권 행사.

Upton Sinclair

289

handled too many "green ones" in his time, he said. He sat in a dance hall with Jurgis and Halloran until one or two in the morning, exchanging experiences. He had a long story to tell of his quarrel with the superintendent of his department, and how he was now a plain workingman, and a good union man as well. It was not until some months afterward that Jurgis understood that the quarrel with the superintendent had been prearranged, and that Harper was in reality drawing a salary of twenty dollars a week from the packers for an inside report of his union's secret proceedings. The yards were seething with agitation just then, said the man, speaking as a unionist. The people of Packingtown had borne about all that they would bear, and it looked as if a strike might begin any week.% After this talk the man made inquiries concerning Jurgis, and a couple of days later he came to him with an interesting proposition. He was not absolutely certain, he said, but he thought that he could get him a regular salary if he would come to Packingtown and do as he was told, and keep his mouth shut. Harper—"Bush" Harper, he was called—was a right-hand man of Mike Scully, the Democratic boss of the stockyards; and in the coming election there was a peculiar situation. There had come to Scully a proposition to nominate a certain rich brewer who lived upon a swell boulevard that skirted the district, and who coveted the big badge and the "honorable" of an alderman. The brewer was a Jew, and had no brains, but he was harmless, and would put up a rare campaign fund. Scully had accepted the offer, and then gone to the Republicans with a proposition. He was not sure that he could manage the "sheeny," and he did not mean to take any chances with his district; let the Republicans nominate a certain obscure but amiable friend of Scully's, who was now setting tenpins in the cellar of an Ashland Avenue saloon, and he, Scully, would elect him with the "sheeny's" money, and the Republicans might have the glory, which was more than they would get otherwise. In return for this the Republicans would agree to put up no candidate the following year, when Scully himself came up for reelection as the other alderman from the ward. To this the Republicans had assented at once; but the hell of it was—so Harper explained—that the Republicans were all of them fools—a man had to be a fool to be a Republican in

Korean amiable: 붙임성 있는, 귀염성 있는, 호감을 주는, 온화한, 상냥한, 마음씨 고운, 귀여운, 마음씨가 상냥한. badge: 기장, 표, 반자동 방공 경계 관제 조직, 기지 방공 지상 경계 조직, 배지, 견장을 달다, 기장을 달다. boulevard: 한길, 넓은길, 넓은 가로수길, 대로, 중심가 대로, 큰 길. brains: 뛰어난 지능을 가진 사람. brewer: 양조장, 양조자. concerning: 에 관하여, -에 관하여.

elect: 선거하다, 당선된, 뽑다, 뽑힌, 택하다, 선발된, 특권 계급, 선거된, 선택하다, 선택된, 하느님의 선민들. harper: 하프 연주자. nominate: 임명하다, 지명하다, 지정하다, 말의 출장등록을 하다, 이름을 들다, 지명천거하다, 추천하다, 후보자로 천거하다, 관직에 임명하다, 관직에 지명하다, 후보자로 추천하다. proposition: 명제, 유혹, 제안, 기업,

상대, 것, 놈, 서술, 유혹하다, 정리, 제의. reelection: 재선, 개선. swell: 멋쟁이, 부풀다, 멋진, 달인, 붇다, 증대, 명사, 훌륭한, 맵시 있는, 늘다, 높이다. tenpins: 십주희, 십주희용 기둥, 텐핀즈. unionist: 노동 조합원, 노동 조합주의자, 통일론자, 연합론자, 연방주의자, 종교상의 통일주의자.

290

The Jungle

the %stockyards, where Scully was king. And they didn't know how to work, and of course it would not do for the Democratic workers, the noble redskins of the War Whoop League, to support the Republican openly. The difficulty would not have been so great except for another fact—there had been a curious development in stockyards politics in the last year or two, a new party having leaped into being. They were the Socialists; and it was a devil of a mess, said "Bush" Harper. The one image which the word "Socialist" brought to Jurgis was of poor little Tamoszius Kuszleika, who had called himself one, and would go out with a couple of other men and a soap-box, and shout himself hoarse on a street corner Saturday nights. Tamoszius had tried to explain to Jurgis what it was all about, but Jurgis, who was not of an imaginative turn, had never quire got it straight; at present he was content with his companion's explanation that the Socialists were the enemies of American institutions—could not be bought, and would not combine or make any sort of a "dicker." Mike Scully was very much worried over the opportunity which his last deal gave to them—the stockyards Democrats were furious at the idea of a rich capitalist for their candidate, and while they were changing they might possibly conclude that a Socialist firebrand was preferable to a Republican bum. And so right here was a chance for Jurgis to make himself a place in the world, explained "Bush" Harper; he had been a union man, and he was known in the yards as a workingman; he must have hundreds of acquaintances, and as he had never talked politics with them he might come out as a Republican now without exciting the least suspicion. There were barrels of money for the use of those who could deliver the goods; and Jurgis might count upon Mike Scully, who had never yet gone back on a friend. Just what could he do? Jurgis asked, in some perplexity, and the other explained in detail. To begin with, he would have to go to the yards and work, and he mightn't relish that; but he would have what he earned, as well as the rest that came to him. He would get active in the union again, and perhaps try to get an office, as he, Harper, had; he would tell all his friends the good points of Doyle, the Republican nominee, and the bad ones of the "sheeny"; and then Scully would furnish a meeting place, and he would start the "Young Men's Republican Association," or something of that sort, and have the rich

Korean bum: 부랑자, 빈둥빈둥놀고지내다, 정력가, 불붙은 관솔, 불타는 나뭇 게으름뱅이, 쓸모없는, 술고래, 조각. 상대를 가리지 않는 여자, 엉덩이, hoarse: 쉰목소리의, 귀에 거슬리는, 을러 빼앗다, 빈둥빈둥 지내다, 목쉰, 목이쉰, 목쉰소리의, 쉰, 열중자, 놀고 지내다. 소란스러운. candidate: 후보자, 지원자. imaginative: 상상력이 풍부한, conclude: 체결하다, 끝내다, 말을 상상의, 상상적인, 상상에 관한, 맺다, 끝나다, 결론을 내리다, 마치다, 공상에 잠기는, 상상하기 좋아하는, 결론하다, 결말짓다, 결정하다, 상상상의, 창작력이 풍부한, 구상력이 마무리하다, 추단하다. 풍부한. firebrand: 횃불, 선동자, 열렬한 nominee: 임명된 사람, 수령명의자,

지명된 사람, 추천된 사람. openly: 공공연하게, 터놓고, 숨김없이, 공공연히, 솔직하게. preferable: 바람직한, 오히려 나은, 택할 만한, 선택할 만한. quire: 한 첩, 성가대석, 교희의 성가대석, 노래하는 새떼, 성가대 교희의, 종이 24장 또는 25장, 종이의 한 첩, 성가대. suspicion: 미량, 의심, 협의, 소량, 낌새챔, 느낌, 용의, 에 혐의를 두다.

Upton Sinclair

291

brewer's best beer by the hogshead, and fireworks and speeches, just like the War Whoop League. Surely Jurgis must know hundreds of men who would like that sort of fun; and there would be the regular Republican leaders and workers to help him out, and they would deliver a big enough majority on election day.% When he had heard all this explanation to the end, Jurgis demanded: "But how can I get a job in Packingtown? I'm blacklisted." At which "Bush" Harper laughed. "I'll attend to that all right," he said. And the other replied, "It's a go, then; I'm your man." So Jurgis went out to the stockyards again, and was introduced to the political lord of the district, the boss of Chicago's mayor. It was Scully who owned the brickyards and the dump and the ice pond—though Jurgis did not know it. It was Scully who was to blame for the unpaved street in which Jurgis's child had been drowned; it was Scully who had put into office the magistrate who had first sent Jurgis to jail; it was Scully who was principal stockholder in the company which had sold him the ramshackle tenement, and then robbed him of it. But Jurgis knew none of these things—any more than he knew that Scully was but a tool and puppet of the packers. To him Scully was a mighty power, the "biggest" man he had ever met. He was a little, dried-up Irishman, whose hands shook. He had a brief talk with his visitor, watching him with his ratlike eyes, and making up his mind about him; and then he gave him a note to Mr. Harmon, one of the head managers of Durham's— "The bearer, Jurgis Rudkus, is a particular friend of mine, and I would like you to find him a good place, for important reasons. He was once indiscreet, but you will perhaps be so good as to overlook that." Mr. Harmon looked up inquiringly when he read this. "What does he mean by 'indiscreet'?" he asked. "I was blacklisted, sir," said Jurgis. At which the other frowned. "Blacklisted?" he said. "How do you mean?" And Jurgis turned red with embarrassment.

Korean bearer: 지참인, 짐꾼, 나르는 사람, embarrassment: 곤란, 방해, 장애, 지위를 가진 사람, 운반인, 열매 맺는 당혹, 난처함, 당황, 재정, 당황케 초목, 교군꾼, 관직을 가진 사람. 하는 사람, 당황케 하는 것, 무안케 blame: 책임, 나무라다, 비난하다, 하는 사람, 난처. 비난, 허물, 의 탓으로 돌리다-비난, hogshead: 액량단위, 큰통, 액량의 탓, 지우다, 의 탓으로 돌리다, 책망. 단위, 큰 통. deliver: 배달하다, 구해내다, 연설을 overlook: 바라보다, 빠뜨리고 보다, 하다, 넘겨주다, 석방을 하다, 내려다 보다, 전망이 좋은 곳, 분만하다, 후보자을 위하여 표를 감시하다, 너그러이 봐 주다, 모으다, 분만시키다, 넘겨 주다, 노려보다, 감독하다, 저주의 눈초리로 가하다, 해방시키다. 노려보다, 보다 높은 데 있다.

principal: 원금, 교장, 우두머리, 주범, 회장, 사장, 원금의, 기본 재산, 가장 중요한, 주된, 주요한. puppet: 괴뢰, 꼭두각시, 앞잡이, 작은 인형, 인형, 괴뢰의, 인형극에 쓰이는 인형. stockholder: 주주. tool: 연장, 압형기, 도구, 공구, 에 도구를 쓰다, 천천히 몰다, 공작기계, 끄나불, 압형기로 무늬를 박다, 앞잡이, 마차를 몰다.

292

The Jungle

He had forgotten that a blacklist did not exist. "I—that is—I had difficulty in getting a place," he stammered.% "What was the matter?" "I got into a quarrel with a foreman—not my own boss, sir—and struck him." "I see," said the other, and meditated for a few moments. "What do you wish to do?" he asked. "Anything, sir," said Jurgis—"only I had a broken arm this winter, and so I have to be careful." "How would it suit you to be a night watchman?" "That wouldn't do, sir. I have to be among the men at night." "I see—politics. Well, would it suit you to trim hogs?" "Yes, sir," said Jurgis. And Mr. Harmon called a timekeeper and said, "Take this man to Pat Murphy and tell him to find room for him somehow." And so Jurgis marched into the hog-killing room, a place where, in the days gone by, he had come begging for a job. Now he walked jauntily, and smiled to himself, seeing the frown that came to the boss's face as the timekeeper said, "Mr. Harmon says to put this man on." It would overcrowd his department and spoil the record he was trying to make—but he said not a word except "All right." And so Jurgis became a workingman once more; and straightway he sought out his old friends, and joined the union, and began to "root" for "Scotty" Doyle. Doyle had done him a good turn once, he explained, and was really a bully chap; Doyle was a workingman himself, and would represent the workingmen—why did they want to vote for a millionaire "sheeny," and what the hell had Mike Scully ever done for them that they should back his candidates all the time? And meantime Scully had given Jurgis a note to the Republican leader of the ward, and he had gone there and met the crowd he was to work with. Already they had hired a big hall, with some of the brewer's money, and every night Jurgis brought in a dozen new members of the "Doyle Republican Association." Pretty

Korean bully: 훌륭한, 약자를괴롭히는자, 찡그리다, 난색을 표하다, 형세가 위협하다, 통조림쇠고기, 마구 시원치 않게 되다, 찌푸린 얼굴, 뻐기다, 약한 자를 괴롭히는 사람, 위태로운 상태가 되다. 뚜쟁이, 통조림한 쇠고기, 골리다, jauntily: 젠체하는, 쾌활한, 명랑한, 심술꾼, 시합을 개시하다. 쾌활하게. department: 부, 과, 국, 학부, 성, millionaire: 백만장자, 대부호, 백만 분야, 부분, 군관구. 장자. exist: 존재하다, 실존하다, 생존하다, overcrowd: 사람을 너무 많이 실재하다, 존재, 있다. 들여놓다, 사람을 너무 많이 들이다, frown: 눈살을 찌푸리다, 언짢은 얼굴, 좁은 장소에 사람을 너무 많이 언짢은얼굴, 상을찡그리다, 상을 들이다.

represent: 묘사하다, 대표하다, 말하다, 의미하다, 기술하다, 상연하다, 에 상당하다, 나타내다, 표현하다, 의 대표자이다, 체하다. spoil: 관직, 망치다, 이권, 약탈하다, 발굴물, 약탈품, 아이를 응석받이로 키우다, 못쓰게 되다, 손상케하다, 상하다, 약탈. ward: 후견, 보호, 병실, 감금, 감독, 감방, 감시, 수용실, 보호하다, 막다, 구.

Upton Sinclair

293

soon they had a grand opening night; and there was a brass band, which marched through the streets, and fireworks and bombs and red lights in front of the hall; and there was an enormous crowd, with two overflow meetings—so that the pale and trembling candidate had to recite three times over the little speech which one of Scully's henchmen had written, and which he had been a month learning by heart. Best of all, the famous and eloquent Senator Spareshanks, presidential candidate, rode out in an automobile to discuss the sacred privileges of American citizenship, and protection and prosperity for the American workingman. His inspiriting address was quoted to the extent of half a column in all the morning newspapers, which also said that it could be stated upon excellent authority that the unexpected popularity developed by Doyle, the Republican candidate for alderman, was giving great anxiety to Mr. Scully, the chairman of the Democratic City Committee.% The chairman was still more worried when the monster torchlight procession came off, with the members of the Doyle Republican Association all in red capes and hats, and free beer for every voter in the ward—the best beer ever given away in a political campaign, as the whole electorate testified. During this parade, and at innumerable cart-tail meetings as well, Jurgis labored tirelessly. He did not make any speeches—there were lawyers and other experts for that— but he helped to manage things; distributing notices and posting placards and bringing out the crowds; and when the show was on he attended to the fireworks and the beer. Thus in the course of the campaign he handled many hundreds of dollars of the Hebrew brewer's money, administering it with naïve and touching fidelity. Toward the end, however, he learned that he was regarded with hatred by the rest of the "boys," because he compelled them either to make a poorer showing than he or to do without their share of the pie. After that Jurgis did his best to please them, and to make up for the time he had lost before he discovered the extra bungholes of the campaign barrel. He pleased Mike Scully, also. On election morning he was out at four o'clock, "getting out the vote"; he had a two-horse carriage to ride in, and he went from house to house for his friends, and escorted them in triumph to the polls. He

Korean brass: 놋쇠, 금관악기, 철면피, 고급장교, 금전, 놋그릇, 창녀, 놋쇠빛, 축받이, 뻔뻔스러움, 돈. citizenship: 공민권, 국적, 시민의 신분, 시민권. column: 원주, 난, 종렬, 후원회, 기둥, 꽃술대, 단, 원주 모양의 물건, 종대, 종행, 특약정기 기고난. distributing: 분배의, 배급의. electorate: 선거민, 유권자, 선제후령, 선거후의 지위, 선거민 전체,

선거인단, 선거후의 영토, 선거후의 관할. fidelity: 충실도, 충실, 엄수, 정확함, 성실, 원 물건과 꼭같음, 정절. inspiriting: 고무적인, 기운을 북돋우는, 기운을 북돋우어 주는. parade: 열병, 행렬, 산책장, 정렬시키다, 열병식, 과시, 산보하는 사람들, 시위행진, 자랑해 보이다, 열병하기 위해 정렬하다, 열병장. popularity: 인기, 인망, 유행, 통속성,

대중성, 통속. posting: 전기. presidential: 대통령의, 감독하는, 지배하는, 주재하는, 지휘하는. sacred: 신성한, 종교적인, 모신, 바쳐진, 바친, 신성 불가침의, 신의 사자인, 전용되는. tirelessly: 피로를 모르고, 정력적으로, 꾸준히. torchlight: 횃불빛, 횃불의, 횃불의 빛. voter: 투표자, 유권자, 선거인.

294

The Jungle

voted half a dozen times himself, and voted some of his friends as often; he brought bunch after bunch of the newest foreigners—Lithuanians, Poles, Bohemians, Slovaks—and when he had put them through the mill he turned them over to another man to take to the next polling place. When Jurgis first set out, the captain of the precinct gave him a hundred dollars, and three times in the course of the day he came for another hundred, and not more than twentyfive out of each lot got stuck in his own pocket. The balance all went for actual votes, and on a day of Democratic landslides they elected "Scotty" Doyle, the extenpin setter, by nearly a thousand plurality—and beginning at five o'clock in the afternoon, and ending at three the next morning, Jurgis treated himself to a most unholy and horrible "jag." Nearly every one else in Packingtown did the same, however, for there was universal exultation over this triumph of popular government, this crushing defeat of an arrogant plutocrat by the power of the common people.%

Korean actual: 현실의, 현재의, 실제의, 실상, 현실, 현행의. afternoon: 오후, 오후의, 석간, 오후에, 대낮. arrogant: 건방진, 건만한, 거만한. balance: 저울, 천칭, 균형, 균형을 잡다, 평균, 평형, 청산하다, 비교하다, 번갈아 앞뒤로 움직이다, 밸런스, 맞아떨어지다. captain: 주장, 장, 육군대위, 함장, 선장, 의 장이 되다, 우두머리, 거물,

지휘자, 명장, 해군 대령. setter: 식자공, 선동자, 사냥물을 elected: 택하는, 선거하는, 선택하는. 가리키는 사냥개, 밀고자, 상감하는 exultation: 환희, 광희, 열광, 몹시 사람, 박아넣는 사람, 세터, 스파이, 기뻐함. 여성. plutocrat: 부호. unholy: 사악한, 신성치 않은, 무서운, popular: 인기 있는, 대중적인, 널리 신성하지 않은, 신앙심 없는. 행해지는, 유행의, 민간의, 대중의, universal: 보편적인, 우주의, 전칭의, 세상 일반의, 서민의, 평판이 좋은, 만능의, 만유의, 전칭명제, 일반의, 쉬운. 널리행해지는, 전세계의, 만인의, precinct: 구내, 관구, 경내, 경계, 부근, 만능인, 모든 사람의. 주위.

Upton Sinclair

295

CHAPTER 26

After%the elections Jurgis stayed on in Packingtown and kept his job. The agitation to break up the police protection of criminals was continuing, and it seemed to him best to "lay low" for the present. He had nearly three hundred dollars in the bank, and might have considered himself entitled to a vacation; but he had an easy job, and force of habit kept him at it. Besides, Mike Scully, whom he consulted, advised him that something might "turn up" before long. Jurgis got himself a place in a boardinghouse with some congenial friends. He had already inquired of Aniele, and learned that Elzbieta and her family had gone downtown, and so he gave no further thought to them. He went with a new set, now, young unmarried fellows who were "sporty." Jurgis had long ago cast off his fertilizer clothing, and since going into politics he had donned a linen collar and a greasy red necktie. He had some reason for thinking of his dress, for he was making about eleven dollars a week, and two-thirds of it he might spend upon his pleasures without ever touching his savings. Sometimes he would ride down-town with a party of friends to the cheap theaters and the music halls and other haunts with which they were familiar. Many of the saloons in Packingtown had pool tables, and some of them bowling alleys, by means of which he could spend his evenings in petty gambling. Also, there were cards and dice. One time Jurgis got into a game on a Saturday night and won prodigiously, and because he was a man of spirit he stayed in with the

Korean agitation: 선동, 동요, 흥분, 동란, 논의, 뒤흔들기. boardinghouse: 기숙사, 하숙집. bowling: 볼링, 투구, 스키틀, 목 구 희, 공굴리기, 구 주 희. congenial: 마음이 맞는, 같은 정신의, 같은 성질의, 알맞은, 성미에 맞는, 취미가 같은, 같은성질의, 얼리는. dice: 주사위, 야채 따위를 골패짝 모양으로 썰다, 작은 입방체, 주사위 놀이를 하다, 주사위 노름으로 잃다,

작은 입방체-주사위 놀이를 하다주사위 노름으로 잃다, 주사위꼴로 자르다, 주사위꼴로 하다, 서양 장기판 꼴로 하다, 거절하다, 도박해서 잃다. downtown: 상가의, 중심가, 도심지, 도심지에서로, 상가, 도심지에서. fertilizer: 비료. gambling: 노름, 도박, 내기. greasy: 알랑거리는, 진창의, 미끈미끈한, 기름을 바른, 기름기

많은, 기름투성이의, 번질번질한, 기름 바른. necktie: 넥타이, 목 달아매는 끈, 교수용 밧줄. petty: 소규모의, 하찮은, 사소한, 옹졸한, 자그마한, 하급의, 도량이 좁은. unmarried: 미혼의. vacation: 휴가를 보내다, 휴가, 휴정기, 휴일, 휴가를 얻다, 정기 휴가, 명도, 궐위 기간, 공석 기간.

296

The Jungle

rest and the game continued until late Sunday afternoon, and by that time he was "out" over twenty dollars. On Saturday nights, also, a number of balls were generally given in Packingtown; each man would bring his "girl" with him, paying half a dollar for a ticket, and several dollars additional for drinks in the course of the festivities, which continued until three or four o'clock in the morning, unless broken up by fighting. During all this time the same man and woman would dance together, half-stupefied with sensuality and drink.% Before long Jurgis discovered what Scully had meant by something "turning up." In May the agreement between the packers and the unions expired, and a new agreement had to be signed. Negotiations were going on, and the yards were full of talk of a strike. The old scale had dealt with the wages of the skilled men only; and of the members of the Meat Workers' Union about two-thirds were unskilled men. In Chicago these latter were receiving, for the most part, eighteen and a half cents an hour, and the unions wished to make this the general wage for the next year. It was not nearly so large a wage as it seemed— in the course of the negotiations the union officers examined time checks to the amount of ten thousand dollars, and they found that the highest wages paid had been fourteen dollars a week, and the lowest two dollars and five cents, and the average of the whole, six dollars and sixty-five cents. And six dollars and sixtyfive cents was hardly too much for a man to keep a family on, considering the fact that the price of dressed meat had increased nearly fifty per cent in the last five years, while the price of "beef on the hoof" had decreased as much, it would have seemed that the packers ought to be able to pay it; but the packers were unwilling to pay it—they rejected the union demand, and to show what their purpose was, a week or two after the agreement expired they put down the wages of about a thousand men to sixteen and a half cents, and it was said that old man Jones had vowed he would put them to fifteen before he got through. There were a million and a half of men in the country looking for work, a hundred thousand of them right in Chicago; and were the packers to let the union stewards march into their places and bind them to a contract that would lose them several thousand dollars a day for a year? Not much!

Korean average: 평균, 평균의, 해손평균하다, 표준의, 평균값을 내리다, 보통의, 평균 ...이 되다, 해손, 보통 수준의, 일반표준, 보통. balls: 혼란케 하다, 혼란시키다, 엉망으로 만들다. bind: 동이다, 덩굴, 감다, 제본, 구속하다-묶는 것, 속박하다굳어지다, 끈, 매다, 변비를 일으키게 하다, 속박하다, 장정하다. considering: 치고는, 을 생각하면,

비교적, 그런대로, 에 비해서, 이므로, 을 고려하면, 고려한다면. examined: 검토하는, 심리하는, 검사하는, 진찰하는, 조사하는, 심사하는, 심문하는, 시험하는. lowest: 최하의, 최소의. receiving: 수신의, 받는, 고매, 받음, 환영의. sensuality: 호색, 육욕에 빠짐, 관능성, 육욕능성. strike: 때리다, 치다, 찌어내다,

부딪다, 발견하다, 느끼게 하다, 뜻밖에 만나다, 푹 찌르다, 맞히다, 가하다, 공격하다. ticket: 표, 공천 후보자 명부, 표찰을 달다, 표를 팔다, 적당한 물건, 게시표, 딱지, 셋집 표찰, 안성맞춤인 일, 승차권, 소환장. unwilling: 마음 내키지 않은, 바라지 않는, 마음 내키지 않는, 반항적인. wage: 임금, 급료, 갚음, 보답, 하다, 값, 수행하다, 벌어지다, 임금의.

Upton Sinclair

297

All this was in June; and before long the question was submitted to a referendum in the unions, and the decision was for a strike. It was the same in all the packing house cities; and suddenly the newspapers and public woke up to face the gruesome spectacle of a meat famine. All sorts of pleas for a reconsideration were made, but the packers were obdurate; and all the while they were reducing wages, and heading off shipments of cattle, and rushing in wagonloads of mattresses and cots. So the men boiled over, and one night telegrams went out from the union headquarters to all the big packing centers— to St. Paul, South Omaha, Sioux City, St. Joseph, Kansas City, East St. Louis, and New York—and the next day at noon between fifty and sixty thousand men drew off their working clothes and marched out of the factories, and the great "Beef Strike" was on.% Jurgis went to his dinner, and afterward he walked over to see Mike Scully, who lived in a fine house, upon a street which had been decently paved and lighted for his especial benefit. Scully had gone into semiretirement, and looked nervous and worried. "What do you want?" he demanded, when he saw Jurgis. "I came to see if maybe you could get me a place during the strike," the other replied. And Scully knit his brows and eyed him narrowly. In that morning's papers Jurgis had read a fierce denunciation of the packers by Scully, who had declared that if they did not treat their people better the city authorities would end the matter by tearing down their plants. Now, therefore, Jurgis was not a little taken aback when the other demanded suddenly, "See here, Rudkus, why don't you stick by your job?" Jurgis started. "Work as a scab?" he cried. "Why not?" demanded Scully. "What's that to you?" "But—but—" stammered Jurgis. He had somehow taken it for granted that he should go out with his union. "The packers need good men, and need them bad," continued the other, "and they'll treat a man right that stands by them. Why don't you take your chance and fix yourself?"

Korean continued: 계속된, 연장된, 연속되고 있는, 계속하는, 존속하는, 존속시키는, 연장하는, 계속하여 진술하는, 계속시키는, 계속되는, 연기하는. denunciation: 고발, 파기 통고, 공공연한 비난, 탄핵. especial: 특별한, 각별한. eyed: 눈구멍이 달린, 눈 모양의 얼룩이 있는, 눈을 한. gruesome: 무서운, 무시무시한,

소름이 끼치는 듯한, 오싹해지는. heading: 헤딩, 표제, 제목, 비행방향, 수평갱, 순치기, 연재, 목베기, 방향. nervous: 신경의, 강한, 힘찬, 소심한, 흥분하기 쉬운, 신경질의, 간결한, 침착성이 없는, 안절부절못하는, 안달복달하는, 신경질인. paved: 포장된. reconsideration: 재심, 재고, 재심의. reducing: 체중감소법, 몸 야위는 법, 체중 감소법.

referendum: 국민 투표, 국민투표, 청훈서, 일반투표, 훈령 요청서. sixty: 예순 개, 육십세의, 육십의, 육십일불 어음, 육십대, 육십년대, 육십, 육십세, 예순 개의. somehow: 웬일인지, 그럭저럭, 좌우간, 어떻든지, 어떻게 든지 하여, 어쩐지, 어떻게든지. spectacle: 구경거리, 안경, 광경, 장관, 보기에 도 지겨운 것, 타자의 재차의 무득점, 보기에 도 딱한 것.

298

The Jungle

"But," said Jurgis, "how could I ever be of any use to you—in politics?" "You couldn't be it anyhow," said Scully, abruptly.% "Why not?" asked Jurgis. "Hell, man!" cried the other. "Don't you know you're a Republican? And do you think I'm always going to elect Republicans? My brewer has found out already how we served him, and there is the deuce to pay." Jurgis looked dumfounded. He had never thought of that aspect of it before. "I could be a Democrat," he said. "Yes," responded the other, "but not right away; a man can't change his politics every day. And besides, I don't need you—there'd be nothing for you to do. And it's a long time to election day, anyhow; and what are you going to do meantime?" "I thought I could count on you," began Jurgis. "Yes," responded Scully, "so you could—I never yet went back on a friend. But is it fair to leave the job I got you and come to me for another? I have had a hundred fellows after me today, and what can I do? I've put seventeen men on the city payroll to clean streets this one week, and do you think I can keep that up forever? It wouldn't do for me to tell other men what I tell you, but you've been on the inside, and you ought to have sense enough to see for yourself. What have you to gain by a strike?" "I hadn't thought," said Jurgis. "Exactly," said Scully, "but you'd better. Take my word for it, the strike will be over in a few days, and the men will be beaten; and meantime what you can get out of it will belong to you. Do you see?" And Jurgis saw. He went back to the yards, and into the workroom. The men had left a long line of hogs in various stages of preparation, and the foreman was directing the feeble efforts of a score or two of clerks and stenographers and office boys to finish up the job and get them into the chilling rooms. Jurgis went straight up to him and announced, "I have come back to work, Mr. Murphy."

Korean aspect: 모습, 국면, 방위, 방향, 얼굴생김새, 광경, 양상, 용모, 면, 별의 상, 관점. count: 세다, 계산, 수를 세다, 백작, 중요하다, 셈, 계산하다, 고려, 박자를 맞추다, 카운트, 셈되다. election: 선거, 선임, 선정, 선택, 선거에 의한, 임의로 선택할 수 있는, 하느님의 선택. friend: 친구, 벗, 자기편, 근친, 동지, 지지자, 의 친구가 되다, 퀘이커,

프렌드파, 도와주는 사람, 동반자. 예습시간, 예비조사, 학생들의 gain: 획득하다, 이득, 더 가다, 늘다, 방과후의 예습, 학생들의 방과후의 증가, 이익, 잘되다, 진보, 벌이, 예습시간. 끌어들이다, 나아가다. straight: 철저한, 순수한, 직접적으로, inside: 내부, 내부에, 안쪽, 내부의, 정연한, 직선, 원작대로, 솔직한, 곧, 배, 내막, 안쪽의, 내부에 있는, 곧은, 똑바른, 솔직하게. 인가에 가까운 부분, 내면에, 내면의. various: 다방면의, 가지각색의, 다른, politics: 경영, 정략, 정견, 정치학, 다수의, 변화 많은, 틀리는, 가지 정치, 정강, 정책. 각색의, 몇 사람, 여러. preparation: 예습, 준비, 조합제, 조제 workroom: 작업실, 일하는 방. 식품, 채비, 자습, 자습시간,

Upton Sinclair

299

The boss's face lighted up. "Good man!" he cried. "Come ahead!" "Just a moment," said Jurgis, checking his enthusiasm. "I think I ought to get a little more wages." "Yes," replied the other, "of course. What do you want?" Jurgis had debated on the way. His nerve almost failed him now, but he clenched his hands. "I think I ought to have' three dollars a day," he said.% "All right," said the other, promptly; and before the day was out our friend discovered that the clerks and stenographers and office boys were getting five dollars a day, and then he could have kicked himself! So Jurgis became one of the new "American heroes," a man whose virtues merited comparison with those of the martyrs of Lexington and Valley Forge. The resemblance was not complete, of course, for Jurgis was generously paid and comfortably clad, and was provided with a spring cot and a mattress and three substantial meals a day; also he was perfectly at ease, and safe from all peril of life and limb, save only in the case that a desire for beer should lead him to venture outside of the stockyards gates. And even in the exercise of this privilege he was not left unprotected; a good part of the inadequate police force of Chicago was suddenly diverted from its work of hunting criminals, and rushed out to serve him. The police, and the strikers also, were determined that there should be no violence; but there was another party interested which was minded to the contrary—and that was the press. On the first day of his life as a strikebreaker Jurgis quit work early, and in a spirit of bravado he challenged three men of his acquaintance to go outside and get a drink. They accepted, and went through the big Halsted Street gate, where several policemen were watching, and also some union pickets, scanning sharply those who passed in and out. Jurgis and his companions went south on Halsted Street; past the hotel, and then suddenly half a dozen men started across the street toward them and proceeded to argue with them concerning the error of their ways. As the arguments were not taken in the proper spirit, they went on to threats; and suddenly one of them jerked off the hat of one of the four and flung it over the fence. The man started after it, and then, as a cry of "Scab!" was raised and a

Korean bravado: 허세, 허장성세. comfortably: 기분좋게, 안락하게, 부족함이 없이. cot: 오두막집, 달아맨 침대, 간이 침대, 병원 침대, 소아용 침대, 씌우개, 집, 가리개, 색, 소아용침대, 시골집. fence: 검술, 변론의 교묘함, 방어하다, 울타리, 담을 뛰어넘다, 담, 검술을 하다, 장물 취득인, 펜싱, 울타리를하다, 울타리를 하다. limb: 수족, 날개, 팔, 의

가지를자르다, 앞이, 가장자리, 구, 달 파업 파괴 행위자, 동맹 파업 파괴 따위의 가장자리, 문장의 구, 엽변, 의 행위. 손발을 끊다. unprotected: 무방비의, 보호 없는, merited: 당연한, 상응한, 가치 있는. 관세의 보호를 받지 않는, 보호자가 resemblance: 유사, 닮은 얼굴, 닮음, 없는, 보호가 없는, 보호를 받지 않는. 외관, 유사물, 초상, 그림, 외형, 상, venture: 투기, 모험, 되는 대로, 비슷함, 모양. 결행하다, 위험을 무릅쓰고하다, scanning: 주사, 스캐닝, 정사, 걸다, 위험을 무릅쓰고 해보다, 운율분석, 정사하는. 용기를 내어 발표하다, 위험에 직면케 strikebreaker: 파업을 깨뜨릴 직공을 하다, 용기를 내어 가다, 건 물건. 주선하는 사람, 파업파괴자, 동맹

300

The Jungle

dozen%people came running out of saloons and doorways, a second man's heart failed him and he followed. Jurgis and the fourth stayed long enough to give themselves the satisfaction of a quick exchange of blows, and then they, too, took to their heels and fled back of the hotel and into the yards again. Meantime, of course, policemen were coming on a run, and as a crowd gathered other police got excited and sent in a riot call. Jurgis knew nothing of this, but went back to "Packers' Avenue," and in front of the "Central Time Station" he saw one of his companions, breathless and wild with excitement, narrating to an ever growing throng how the four had been attacked and surrounded by a howling mob, and had been nearly torn to pieces. While he stood listening, smiling cynically, several dapper young men stood by with notebooks in their hands, and it was not more than two hours later that Jurgis saw newsboys running about with armfuls of newspapers, printed in red and black letters six inches high: VIOLENCE IN THE YARDS! STRIKEBREAKERS SURROUNDED BY FRENZIED MOB! If he had been able to buy all of the newspapers of the United States the next morning, he might have discovered that his beer-hunting exploit was being perused by some two score millions of people, and had served as a text for editorials in half the staid and solemn businessmen's newspapers in the land. Jurgis was to see more of this as time passed. For the present, his work being over, he was free to ride into the city, by a railroad direct from the yards, or else to spend the night in a room where cots had been laid in rows. He chose the latter, but to his regret, for all night long gangs of strikebreakers kept arriving. As very few of the better class of workingmen could be got for such work, these specimens of the new American hero contained an assortment of the criminals and thugs of the city, besides Negroes and the lowest foreigners-Greeks, Roumanians, Sicilians, and Slovaks. They had been attracted more by the prospect of disorder than, by the big wages; and they made the night hideous

Korean cynically: 냉소적으로. direct: 똑바른, 솔직한, 돌리다, 관리하다, 감독하다, 연출하다, 지도하다, 지더하다, 지휘하다, 직류의, 직점. disorder: 무질서, 혼란, 혼란시키다, 병들게하다, 부조, 불온, 어지럽히하. exchange: 교환, 교환하다, 거래소, 전화 교환국, 환전하다, 환전할 수 있다, 주고받음, 환전, 어음교환고, 주고받다, 바꾼 것.

exploit: 착취하다, 개척하다, 개발하다, 미끼삼다, 이용하다, 채굴하다, 부당하게 이용하다, 공훈, 공적. fourth: 제 사, 네번째, 네번째의, 네분의, 네분의 하나의, 네째, 네째의, 독립 기념일, 사 등품, 제 4의. growing: 성장하는, 증대하는, 성장, 생성, 발육. howling: 쓸쓸한, 울부짖는, 터무니 없는, 대단한, 터무니없는, 짖는.

quick: 빨리, 재빠른, 성급한, 민감한, 살아 있는, 이해가 빠른, 급소, 서둘러서, 상처의 붉은 살, 빠른, 중요 부분. regret: 유감, 후회, 애석, 정중한 거절, 아쉬움, 후회하다, 슬픔, 비탄, 뉘우치다. staid: 침착한, 차분한, 착실한. text: 본문, 원문, 성구, 화제, 텍스트, 논제, 제목, 원본, 교과서, 해서체 문자, 성경의 원구.

Upton Sinclair

301

with singing and carousing, and only went to sleep when the time came for them to get up to work.% In the morning before Jurgis had finished his breakfast, "Pat" Murphy ordered him to one of the superintendents, who questioned him as to his experience in the work of the killing room. His heart began to thump with excitement, for he divined instantly that his hour had come—that he was to be a boss! Some of the foremen were union members, and many who were not had gone out with the men. It was in the killing department that the packers had been left most in the lurch, and precisely here that they could least afford it; the smoking and canning and salting of meat might wait, and all the by-products might be wasted—but fresh meats must be had, or the restaurants and hotels and brownstone houses would feel the pinch, and then "public opinion" would take a startling turn. An opportunity such as this would not come twice to a man; and Jurgis seized it. Yes, he knew the work, the whole of it, and he could teach it to others. But if he took the job and gave satisfaction he would expect to keep it—they would not turn him off at the end of the strike? To which the superintendent replied that he might safely trust Durham's for that—they proposed to teach these unions a lesson, and most of all those foremen who had gone back on them. Jurgis would receive five dollars a day during the strike, and twenty-five a week after it was settled. So our friend got a pair of "slaughter pen" boots and "jeans," and flung himself at his task. It was a weird sight, there on the killing beds—a throng of stupid black Negroes, and foreigners who could not understand a word that was said to them, mixed with pale-faced, hollow-chested bookkeepers and clerks, half-fainting for the tropical heat and the sickening stench of fresh blood—and all struggling to dress a dozen or two cattle in the same place where, twenty-four hours ago, the old killing gang had been speeding, with their marvelous precision, turning out four hundred carcasses every hour!

Korean brownstone: 부유계급의, 그것을 사용한 건물, 갈색의 사암, 갈색사암을 사용한 건물 부유계급의, 갈색사암. lurch: 비틀거림, 경향, 경사, 대패, 차 따위가 갑자기 기울기, 상대를 러치로 이기다, 배 따위가 갑자기 기울기, 궁상, 갑자기 기울기, 러치로 이기다, 갑자기 기울다. mixed: 남녀 혼합의, 섞인, 혼합된, 혼성의, 남녀 혼성의, 머리가

혼란해진, 여러 잡다한 인간으로 thump: 심하게 때리다, 두근 거리다, 이루어진. 탁 부딪치다, 탁하고 떨어지다, murphy: 감자. 강력히 변호하다, 강력히 선전하다, precisely: 바로 그렇다, 정확히, 강력히 지지하다, 두근거리다, 정밀하게. 쿵쿵거리며 걷다, 때림, 탁하고 치다. precision: 정확, 정밀, 정밀한, 정확히 tropical: 비유적인, 열대적인, 열대의, 사격하는. 일정적인, 비유의, 열렬한, settled: 고정된, 기틀이 잡힌, 안정된, 열대지방의, 열대어. 정주한, 청산된. weird: 기묘한, 운명의, 운명, stupid: 어리석은, 고집센, 무감각한, 초자연의, 불운, 이상한, 불가사의한, 멍청한, 시시한, 바보. 운.

302

The Jungle

The Negroes and the "toughs" from the Levee did not want to work, and every few minutes some of them would feel obliged to retire and recuperate. In a couple of days Durham and Company had electric fans up to cool off the rooms for them, and even couches for them to rest on; and meantime they could go out and find a shady corner and take a "snooze," and as there was no place for any one in particular, and no system, it might be hours before their boss discovered them. As for the poor office employees, they did their best, moved to it by terror; thirty of them had been "fired" in a bunch that first morning for refusing to serve, besides a number of women clerks and typewriters who had declined to act as waitresses.% It was such a force as this that Jurgis had to organize. He did his best, flying here and there, placing them in rows and showing them the tricks; he had never given an order in his life before, but he had taken enough of them to know, and he soon fell into the spirit of it, and roared and stormed like any old stager. He had not the most tractable pupils, however. "See hyar, boss," a big black "buck" would begin, "ef you doan' like de way Ah does dis job, you kin get somebody else to do it." Then a crowd would gather and listen, muttering threats. After the first meal nearly all the steel knives had been missing, and now every Negro had one, ground to a fine point, hidden in his boots. There was no bringing order out of such a chaos, Jurgis soon discovered; and he fell in with the spirit of the thing—there was no reason why he should wear himself out with shouting. If hides and guts were slashed and rendered useless there was no way of tracing it to any one; and if a man lay off and forgot to come back there was nothing to be gained by seeking him, for all the rest would quit in the meantime. Everything went, during the strike, and the packers paid. Before long Jurgis found that the custom of resting had suggested to some alert minds the possibility of registering at more than one place and earning more than one five dollars a day. When he caught a man at this he "fired" him, but it chanced to be in a quiet corner, and the man tendered him a ten-dollar bill and a wink, and he took them. Of course, before long this custom spread, and Jurgis was soon making quite a good income from it.

Korean alert: 경계, 방심 않는, 민활한, 조직적인 형태를 부여하다, 계통을 경계경보, 경보, 기민한. 세우다. chaos: 무질서, 혼돈, 대혼란, placing: 자본 매출. 혼란상태. recuperate: 회복하다, 회복시키다, cool: 시원한, 냉담한, 차가운, 만회하다, 건강해지다, 손실 따위를 뻔뻔스러운, 식다, 냉정히, 냉정, 회복하다, 건강 따위를 회복하다. 훌륭한, 냉기, 정미, 가라앉히다. retire: 회수하다, 퇴직하다, 물러나다, organize: 창립하다, 조직하다, 발기인, 물러나게 하다, 자다, 아웃시키다, 체계화하다, 노동조합에 가입시키다, 은퇴시키다, 아웃 시키다, 퇴각하다, 조직적으로 단결하다, 유기적인 입후보를 단념하다, 지폐 따위를 형태를 부여하다, 노조에 가입하다, 회수하다.

shady: 수상한, 희미한, 뒤가 구린, 그늘의, 좋지않은, 그늘이 많은, 떳떳하지 못한, 드러내 놓을 수 없는. stager: 경험자, 노련한 사람, 노련가. tracing: 추적, 투사, 자동 기록 장치의 기록, 복사, 자취를 밟음, 자기 기록계의 기록, 트레이싱, 자취를 찾음. useless: 쓸모없는, 무익한, 속절없는, 편치 않은.

Upton Sinclair

303

In%the face of handicaps such as these the packers counted themselves lucky if they could kill off the cattle that had been crippled in transit and the hogs that had developed disease. Frequently, in the course of a two or three days' trip, in hot weather and without water, some hog would develop cholera, and die; and the rest would attack him before he had ceased kicking, and when the car was opened there would be nothing of him left but the bones. If all the hogs in this carload were not killed at once, they would soon be down with the dread disease, and there would be nothing to do but make them into lard. It was the same with cattle that were gored and dying, or were limping with broken bones stuck through their flesh—they must be killed, even if brokers and buyers and superintendents had to take off their coats and help drive and cut and skin them. And meantime, agents of the packers were gathering gangs of Negroes in the country districts of the far South, promising them five dollars a day and board, and being careful not to mention there was a strike; already carloads of them were on the way, with special rates from the railroads, and all traffic ordered out of the way. Many towns and cities were taking advantage of the chance to clear out their jails and workhouses—in Detroit the magistrates would release every man who agreed to leave town within twenty-four hours, and agents of the packers were in the courtrooms to ship them right. And meantime trainloads of supplies were coming in for their accommodation, including beer and whisky, so that they might not be tempted to go outside. They hired thirty young girls in Cincinnati to "pack fruit," and when they arrived put them at work canning corned beef, and put cots for them to sleep in a public hallway, through which the men passed. As the gangs came in day and night, under the escort of squads of police, they stowed away in unused workrooms and storerooms, and in the car sheds, crowded so closely together that the cots touched. In some places they would use the same room for eating and sleeping, and at night the men would put their cots upon the tables, to keep away from the swarms of rats. But with all their best efforts, the packers were demoralized. Ninety per cent of the men had walked out; and they faced the task of completely remaking their labor force—and with the price of meat up thirty per cent, and the public clamoring for a settlement. They made an offer to submit the whole question at

Korean accommodation: 숙박 설비, 융통, 적응, 편의, 화해, 대부금, 순응, 조정, 수용 설비, 집, 숙박 시설. closely: 꽉, 열심히, 밀접하게, 면밀히, 접근하여, 일심으로, 알뜰하게, 친밀하게, 엄중히, 친밀히, 엄밀히. gathering: 모임, 채집, 종기, 수확, 주름, 곪음, 접지 맞추기, 집회, 개더, 농양, 부어 오름. lucky: 행운의, 운이좋은, 상서로운, 운이 좋은, 재수 좋은 사람, 도망,

행운을 가져오는. mention: 이름을 들다, 진술하다, 언급하다, 언급, 이름을 들기, 말하다. promising: 장래성 있는, 유망한, 장래가 촉망되는. release: 해방, 석방, 공개, 투하, 해제, 양도하다, 발사, 개봉, 방출, 양도, 포기하다. settlement: 해결, 이민, 수여, 부락, 결말, 인보사업단, 침전, 생활의 안정, 왕위 계승령, 청산, 세틀먼트.

ship: 수송하다, 배, 을 배에 싣다, 배에 타다, 배로 가다, 설비하다, 전 승무원, 쫓아버리다, 파도를 뒤집어 쓰다, 함, 선원으로 고용하다. submit: 복종시키다, 제출하다, 복종하다, 공손히 아뢰다, 부탁하다. transit: 통로, 통과, 운송, 횡단하다, 통행, 변천, 경과, 을 통과하다, 자오선 통과, 변화, 자오선의. unused: 익숙하지 않은, 쓰지 않는, 사용한 적이 없는, 사용하지 않은.

304

The Jungle

issue to arbitration; and at the end of ten days the unions accepted it, and the strike was called off. It was agreed that all the men were to be re-employed within forty-five days, and that there was to be "no discrimination against union men." This was an anxious time for Jurgis. If the men were taken back "without discrimination," he would lose his present place. He sought out the superintendent, who smiled grimly and bade him "wait and see." Durham's strikebreakers were few of them leaving.% Whether or not the "settlement" was simply a trick of the packers to gain time, or whether they really expected to break the strike and cripple the unions by the plan, cannot be said; but that night there went out from the office of Durham and Company a telegram to all the big packing centers, "Employ no union leaders." And in the morning, when the twenty thousand men thronged into the yards, with their dinner pails and working clothes, Jurgis stood near the door of the hog-trimming room, where he had worked before the strike, and saw a throng of eager men, with a score or two of policemen watching them; and he saw a superintendent come out and walk down the line, and pick out man after man that pleased him; and one after another came, and there were some men up near the head of the line who were never picked—they being the union stewards and delegates, and the men Jurgis had heard making speeches at the meetings. Each time, of course, there were louder murmurings and angrier looks. Over where the cattle butchers were waiting, Jurgis heard shouts and saw a crowd, and he hurried there. One big butcher, who was president of the Packing Trades Council, had been passed over five times, and the men were wild with rage; they had appointed a committee of three to go in and see the superintendent, and the committee had made three attempts, and each time the police had clubbed them back from the door. Then there were yells and hoots, continuing until at last the superintendent came to the door. "We all go back or none of us do!" cried a hundred voices. And the other shook his fist at them, and shouted, "You went out of here like cattle, and like cattle you'll come back!"

Korean accepted: 용인된, 일반적으로 인정된, 식별력. 일반에게 받아 들여진, 인수가 grimly: 잔인하게, 엄하게, 끄ㄷ난. 으스스하게, 무시무시하게, 무섭게, appointed: 지정된, 설비된, 약속의, 기분나쁘게, 험악하게. 정해진, 설비를 갖춘. issue: 유출, 나오다, 내다, 발행물, arbitration: 중재. 유래하다, 생기다, 발행, 발포하다, clubbed: 곤봉 모양의, 손가락 끝이 출판하다, 출구, 발포. 굵은, 곤봉모양의. near: 가까운, 가까이, 아주 닮은, 거의, continuing: 계속적인, 영구적인, 정밀하게, 근친의, 의 가까이에, 갱신할 필요가 없는, 연속적인. 검소하게, 관계가 깊은, 친한, 가까이 discrimination: 차별, 식별, 구별, 가다.

plan: 계획, 도면, 방책, 설계도를 그리다, 뜻하다, 설계, 설계도, 지도계획하다, 의 설계도를 그리다, 계획하다, 계획을 세우다. present: 선물, 있는, 현재의, 현재 시제, 겨누다, 소개하다, 추천하다, 현재, 내놓다, 배알시키다, 상연하다. president: 대통령, 회장, 사장, 총장, 장관, 학장, 교장, 총재, 의장, 데통령. telegram: 전보. twenty: 스물.

Upton Sinclair

305

Then suddenly the big butcher president leaped upon a pile of stones and yelled: "It's off, boys. We'll all of us quit again!" And so the cattle butchers declared a new strike on the spot; and gathering their members from the other plants, where the same trick had been played, they marched down Packers' Avenue, which was thronged with a dense mass of workers, cheering wildly. Men who had already got to work on the killing beds dropped their tools and joined them; some galloped here and there on horseback, shouting the tidings, and within half an hour the whole of Packingtown was on strike again, and beside itself with fury.% There was quite a different tone in Packingtown after this—the place was a seething caldron of passion, and the "scab" who ventured into it fared badly. There were one or two of these incidents each day, the newspapers detailing them, and always blaming them upon the unions. Yet ten years before, when there were no unions in Packingtown, there was a strike, and national troops had to be called, and there were pitched battles fought at night, by the light of blazing freight trains. Packingtown was always a center of violence; in "Whisky Point," where there were a hundred saloons and one glue factory, there was always fighting, and always more of it in hot weather. Any one who had taken the trouble to consult the station house blotter would have found that there was less violence that summer than ever before—and this while twenty thousand men were out of work, and with nothing to do all day but brood upon bitter wrongs. There was no one to picture the battle the union leaders were fighting—to hold this huge army in rank, to keep it from straggling and pillaging, to cheer and encourage and guide a hundred thousand people, of a dozen different tongues, through six long weeks of hunger and disappointment and despair. Meantime the packers had set themselves definitely to the task of making a new labor force. A thousand or two of strikebreakers were brought in every night, and distributed among the various plants. Some of them were experienced workers,—butchers, salesmen, and managers from the packers' branch stores, and a few union men who had deserted from other cities; but the vast majority were "green" Negroes from the cotton districts of the far South, and

Korean badly: 심하게, 나쁘게, 서투르게, 갈채, 기운을 돋우는. 대단히, 후회하여, 슬퍼서, 솜씨없게, consult: 고려하다, 상의하다, 몹시, 몸이 불편한, 기분이 좋지 않은, 참고하다, 찾다, 의견을 묻다, 건강이 좋지 않은. 조사하다, 의견을 듣다, 상담하다, blotter: 압지, 기록부, 거래예비 장부, 진찰을 받다, 의논하다, 컨설턴트 예비 장부. 직을 맡다. brood: 곰곰히 생각하다, 종류, cotton: 목화, 솜, 무명, 면사, 이 한배의병아리, 한배 새끼, 종족-알을 좋아지다, 무명실, 면의, 솜털, 호감을 품다, 아이들, -숙고하다, 숙고하다, 가지다, 탈지면, 을 이해하다. 한배 병아리, 품다, 알을 품다. definitely: 명확히, 확실히, cheering: 갈채하는, 격려가 되는, 한정적으로, 틀림없이, 명백히,

절대로...아니다. experienced: 노련한, 경험을 가진, 체험된, 경험있는, 숙련된. guide: 안내자, 가이드, 지도자, 지도하다, 정찰대, 지휘자, 길잡이, 도표, 소녀단, 움직이다, 안내. leaders: 리더. rank: 열, 계급, 지독한, 병졸, 고관, 평가하다, 횡렬, 군대, 고위, 등급을 매기다, 나란히 세우다. troops: 군대.

306

The Jungle

they %were herded into the packing plants like sheep. There was a law forbidding the use of buildings as lodginghouses unless they were licensed for the purpose, and provided with proper windows, stairways, and fire escapes; but here, in a "paint room," reached only by an enclosed "chute," a room without a single window and only one door, a hundred men were crowded upon mattresses on the floor. Up on the third story of the "hog house" of Jones's was a storeroom, without a window, into which they crowded seven hundred men, sleeping upon the bare springs of cots, and with a second shift to use them by day. And when the clamor of the public led to an investigation into these conditions, and the mayor of the city was forced to order the enforcement of the law, the packers got a judge to issue an injunction forbidding him to do it! Just at this time the mayor was boasting that he had put an end to gambling and prize fighting in the city; but here a swarm of professional gamblers had leagued themselves with the police to fleece the strikebreakers; and any night, in the big open space in front of Brown's, one might see brawny Negroes stripped to the waist and pounding each other for money, while a howling throng of three or four thousand surged about, men and women, young white girls from the country rubbing elbows with big buck Negroes with daggers in their boots, while rows of woolly heads peered down from every window of the surrounding factories. The ancestors of these black people had been savages in Africa; and since then they had been chattel slaves, or had been held down by a community ruled by the traditions of slavery. Now for the first time they were free—free to gratify every passion, free to wreck themselves. They were wanted to break a strike, and when it was broken they would be shipped away, and their present masters would never see them again; and so whisky and women were brought in by the carload and sold to them, and hell was let loose in the yards. Every night there were stabbings and shootings; it was said that the packers had blank permits, which enabled them to ship dead bodies from the city without troubling the authorities. They lodged men and women on the same floor; and with the night there began a saturnalia of debauchery—scenes such as never before had been witnessed in America. And as the women were the dregs from the brothels of Chicago, and the men were for the most part ignorant country

Korean authorities: 당국, 권위. boasting: 자랑하는, 자랑, 거만. buck: 수사슴, 반항, 멋쟁이, 도약, 수컷, 저항하다, 흑인 남자, 뛰어오르다, 영양, 전가하다, 책임. enclosed: 에워싸는, 둘러막는, 동봉하는, 넣는. enforcement: 강제, 시행, 강조, 집행, 실시, 법률의 시행, 복종 등의 강제, 의견 등의 강조. fleece: 털을 깎다, 양털 모양의 것,

양털, 한 마리에서 한번 깎는 양털, 보풀이 보드라운 피륙, 양털 모양의 것으로 덮다, 빼앗다. forbidding: 싫은, 인상 등이 험상궂은, 가까이하기 어려운, 장소, 험학한, 가격등 가까이하기 어려운, 무서운, 가까이 하기 어려운, 험악한. gratify: 기쁘게 하다, 만족 시키다, 기쁘게 해주다, 에게 사례금을 주다, 채우다, 에게 보수를 주다. licensed: 인가된, 세상이 인정하는.

saturnalia: 농신제, 법석. sheep: 양, 신자, 양가죽, 어리석은 사람, 교구민, 온순한사람, 겁쟁이. shift: 교대, 속이다, 변화, 바꾸다, 변경, 옮기다, 임시변통으로, 꾸려나가다, 움직이다, 이리저리 변동하다, 방책. storeroom: 저장실, 광. surrounding: 둘러싸는, 주위의, 주변의, 부근의, 주변, 주위, 처지, 환경, 둘러싸기.

Upton Sinclair

307

Negroes, the nameless diseases of vice were soon rife; and this where food was being handled which was sent out to every corner of the civilized world.% The "Union Stockyards" were never a pleasant place; but now they were not only a collection of slaughterhouses, but also the camping place of an army of fifteen or twenty thousand human beasts. All day long the blazing midsummer sun beat down upon that square mile of abominations: upon tens of thousands of cattle crowded into pens whose wooden floors stank and steamed contagion; upon bare, blistering, cinder-strewn railroad tracks, and huge blocks of dingy meat factories, whose labyrinthine passages defied a breath of fresh air to penetrate them; and there were not merely rivers of hot blood, and car-loads of moist flesh, and rendering vats and soap caldrons, glue factories and fertilizer tanks, that smelt like the craters of hell—there were also tons of garbage festering in the sun, and the greasy laundry of the workers hung out to dry, and dining rooms littered with food and black with flies, and toilet rooms that were open sewers. And then at night, when this throng poured out into the streets to play— fighting, gambling, drinking and carousing, cursing and screaming, laughing and singing, playing banjoes and dancing! They were worked in the yards all the seven days of the week, and they had their prize fights and crap games on Sunday nights as well; but then around the corner one might see a bonfire blazing, and an old, gray-headed Negress, lean and witchlike, her hair flying wild and her eyes blazing, yelling and chanting of the fires of perdition and the blood of the "Lamb," while men and women lay down upon the ground and moaned and screamed in convulsions of terror and remorse. Such were the stockyards during the strike; while the unions watched in sullen despair, and the country clamored like a greedy child for its food, and the packers went grimly on their way. Each day they added new workers, and could be more stern with the old ones—could put them on piecework, and dismiss them if they did not keep up the pace. Jurgis was now one of their agents in this process; and he could feel the change day by day, like the slow starting up of a huge machine. He had gotten used to being a master of men; and because of the

Korean blistering: 물집이 생기게 하는, 격렬한, 비난하는, 통렬한, 타는 듯한, 창피를 주는, 신랄한. bonfire: 화롯불, 모닥불, 화톳불, 큰 횃불. camping: 야영, 캠프생활, 캠프 생활, 천막 생활. crap: 쓰레기, 허튼소리, 허튼 소리를 하다, 찌꺼기, 지는 숫자가 나오다, 엉망으로 만들다, 허풍, 배변하다, 배변, 바보 같은, 똥.

dismiss: 물리치다, 기각하다, 떠나게하다, 면직시키다, 물러가라고 말하다, 해산시키다, 버리다, 간단히 처리해 버리다, 해고하다, 퇴거시키다, 아웃시키다. labyrinthine: 미로의, 미궁 같은, 미로 같은. laundry: 세탁소, 세탁물, 세탁장. lean: 의지하다, 야윈, 기대다, 살코기, 빈약한, 의 경향이 있다, 지방 없는, 수확이 적은, 굽다, 기욺, 기울이다.

penetrate: 간파하다, 통과하다, 관통하다, 꿰뚫다, 지나가다, 강한 인상을 주다, 깊이 감동시키다, 꿰둘다, 둘고보다, 스며들다, 통찰하다. perdition: 파멸, 멸망, 지옥, 전멸. remorse: 양심의 가책, 후회, 연민, 회한, 자책, 자비. sullen: 음산한, 찌무룩한, 지르퉁한, 찌푸린 얼굴, 육중한, 실쭉한.

308

The Jungle

stifling heat and the stench, and the fact that he was a "scab" and knew it and despised himself. He was drinking, and developing a villainous temper, and he stormed and cursed and raged at his men, and drove them until they were ready to drop with exhaustion.% Then one day late in August, a superintendent ran into the place and shouted to Jurgis and his gang to drop their work and come. They followed him outside, to where, in the midst of a dense throng, they saw several two-horse trucks waiting, and three patrol-wagon loads of police. Jurgis and his men sprang upon one of the trucks, and the driver yelled to the crowd, and they went thundering away at a gallop. Some steers had just escaped from the yards, and the strikers had got hold of them, and there would be the chance of a scrap! They went out at the Ashland Avenue gate, and over in the direction of the "dump." There was a yell as soon as they were sighted, men and women rushing out of houses and saloons as they galloped by. There were eight or ten policemen on the truck, however, and there was no disturbance until they came to a place where the street was blocked with a dense throng. Those on the flying truck yelled a warning and the crowd scattered pell-mell, disclosing one of the steers lying in its blood. There were a good many cattle butchers about just then, with nothing much to do, and hungry children at home; and so some one had knocked out the steer—and as a first-class man can kill and dress one in a couple of minutes, there were a good many steaks and roasts already missing. This called for punishment, of course; and the police proceeded to administer it by leaping from the truck and cracking at every head they saw. There were yells of rage and pain, and the terrified people fled into houses and stores, or scattered helter-skelter down the street. Jurgis and his gang joined in the sport, every man singling out his victim, and striving to bring him to bay and punch him. If he fled into a house his pursuer would smash in the flimsy door and follow him up the stairs, hitting every one who came within reach, and finally dragging his squealing quarry from under a bed or a pile of old clothes in a closet. Jurgis and two policemen chased some men into a bar-room. One of them took shelter behind the bar, where a policeman cornered him and proceeded to

Korean administer: 타격을 주다, 치료를 하다, 처리하다, 시행하다, 관리하다. developing: 발전 도상국. first-class: 심한, 일등의, 최고급의. flimsy: 얇은 종이, 박약한, 취약한, 천박한, 얇은 원고지, 무른, 지폐, 얇은 여성복, 얇은, 보잘것 없는. helter-skelter: 난잡하게, 나선형 미끄럼틀, 당황하여, 당황함. loads: 잔뜩. pell-mell: 난잡하게, 난잡, 난잡한,

엉망으로 만들다, 허둥지둥 급히 하다, 주먹다짐하다, 쇠부스러기, 가다. 싸움꾼, 잡동사니. pursuer: 추적자, 연구자, 추구자, sighted: 눈이 보이는, 시의. 종사자, 위의 일을 하는 사람. smash: 분쇄, 스매시, 실패, 충돌, quarry: 채석장, 원천, 찾아내다, 먹이, 대성공, 박살내다, 대만원, 대패, 복수의 대상, 사냥감, 채석장에서 떠 맹렬하게 내리치다, 맹렬히 나아가다, 내다, 추구물, 떠내다, 고 문서에서 파산하다. 사실 따위를 찾아내다, 돌을 villainous: 몹시 나쁜, 하등의, 지독한, 잘라내다. 천한, 악한같은, 형편없는, scrap: 오려낸 것, 폐기하다, 폐물, 넌더리나는, 극악한, 악인 같은, 악한 파쇠, 작은 조각, 파편, 부스러기로 같은.

Upton Sinclair

309

whack%him over the back and shoulders, until he lay down and gave a chance at his head. The others leaped a fence in the rear, balking the second policeman, who was fat; and as he came back, furious and cursing, a big Polish woman, the owner of the saloon, rushed in screaming, and received a poke in the stomach that doubled her up on the floor. Meantime Jurgis, who was of a practical temper, was helping himself at the bar; and the first policeman, who had laid out his man, joined him, handing out several more bottles, and filling his pockets besides, and then, as he started to leave, cleaning off all the balance with a sweep of his club. The din of the glass crashing to the floor brought the fat Polish woman to her feet again, but another policeman came up behind her and put his knee into her back and his hands over her eyes—and then called to his companion, who went back and broke open the cash drawer and filled his pockets with the contents. Then the three went outside, and the man who was holding the woman gave her a shove and dashed out himself. The gang having already got the carcass on to the truck, the party set out at a trot, followed by screams and curses, and a shower of bricks and stones from unseen enemies. These bricks and stones would figure in the accounts of the "riot" which would be sent out to a few thousand newspapers within an hour or two; but the episode of the cash drawer would never be mentioned again, save only in the heartbreaking legends of Packingtown. It was late in the afternoon when they got back, and they dressed out the remainder of the steer, and a couple of others that had been killed, and then knocked off for the day. Jurgis went downtown to supper, with three friends who had been on the other trucks, and they exchanged reminiscences on the way. Afterward they drifted into a roulette parlor, and Jurgis, who was never lucky at gambling, dropped about fifteen dollars. To console himself he had to drink a good deal, and he went back to Packingtown about two o'clock in the morning, very much the worse for his excursion, and, it must be confessed, entirely deserving the calamity that was in store for him. As he was going to the place where he slept, he met a painted- cheeked woman in a greasy "kimono," and she put her arm about his waist to steady him;

Korean cheeked: 한 뺨을 가진의 뜻. confessed: 정평있는, 명백한, 인정된, 인정받은, 자인한. console: 위로하다, 콘솔, 연주대, 소용돌이 모양의 까치발, 관제용 계기반, 콘솔형 캐비닛, 캐비닛, 제어장치, 제어 탁자, 위문하다, 소용돌이꼴 초엽. deserving: 받을 가치가 있는, 보상받을 만한, 원조 받을 만한. din: 소음, 뇌고 되뇌이다, 소음이

나다, 소음으로 멍멍하게 하다, 귀를 점선기. 멍멍하게 하다, 울리다. shove: 밀치다, 출발하다, 떠나다, excursion: 소풍, 관광단, 습격, 일탈, 밀어내다, 찌르다, 저어 나아가다, 수학여행, 단체여행, 할인 배, 편위, 떼밀기, 밀다, 지지, 밀어 만들다, 한 할인 열차, 옆길로 벗어남, 소풍 단체. 번 떼밀기. mentioned: 상기한, 언급한, 말하는. trot: 자습서, 총총걸음으로 걷다, reminiscences: 회고담. 총총걸음, 자습용 번역서, 아장아장 roulette: 룰렛, 점선기, 작은 인두, 걷는 어린애, 속보로 달기다, 속보, 공굴리기 도박, 궤조, 윤전곡선, 서두르며 가다, 빠른운동, 빠른 우표에 점선을 내는 점선기, 에 걸음으로 안내하다, 자습서로 룰렛으로 자국을 내다, 기어식 공부하다.

310

The Jungle

they turned into a dark room they were passing—but scarcely had they taken two steps before suddenly a door swung open, and a man entered, carrying a lantern. "Who's there?" he called sharply. And Jurgis started to mutter some reply; but at the same instant the man raised his light, which flashed in his face, so that it was possible to recognize him. Jurgis stood stricken dumb, and his heart gave a leap like a mad thing. The man was Connor! Connor, the boss of the loading gang! The man who had seduced his wife— who had sent him to prison, and wrecked his home, ruined his life! He stood there, staring, with the light shining full upon him.% Jurgis had often thought of Connor since coming back to Packingtown, but it had been as of something far off, that no longer concerned him. Now, however, when he saw him, alive and in the flesh, the same thing happened to him that had happened before—a flood of rage boiled up in him, a blind frenzy seized him. And he flung himself at the man, and smote him between the eyes—and then, as he fell, seized him by the throat and began to pound his head upon the stones. The woman began screaming, and people came rushing in. The lantern had been upset and extinguished, and it was so dark they could not see a thing; but they could hear Jurgis panting, and hear the thumping of his victim's skull, and they rushed there and tried to pull him off. Precisely as before, Jurgis came away with a piece of his enemy's flesh between his teeth; and, as before, he went on fighting with those who had interfered with him, until a policeman had come and beaten him into insensibility. And so Jurgis spent the balance of the night in the stockyards station house. This time, however, he had money in his pocket, and when he came to his senses he could get something to drink, and also a messenger to take word of his plight to "Bush" Harper. Harper did not appear, however, until after the prisoner, feeling very weak and ill, had been hailed into court and remanded at five hundred dollars' bail to await the result of his victim's injuries. Jurgis was wild about this, because a different magistrate had chanced to be on the bench, and he had stated that he had never been arrested before, and also that he had been

Korean await: 기다리다, 에 준비되어 있다. feeling: 느낌, 감각, 촉감, 감수성, 동정, 지각, 흥분, 감각이 있는, 다감한, 느끼는, 감정. lantern: 초롱, 칸델라, 등화실, 환등, 정탑, 등대의 등실, 등실, 채광창, 환등기. messenger: 심부름꾼, 선구, 연줄에 달아 바람에 울게 하는 종이, 전조, 사자. mutter: 불평, 중얼거리다,

투덜거리다, 얼거림, 투덜거리다고백하다, 인지하다, 알아보고 얼거림, 속삭이다, 속삭임. 인사하다, 인식하다, 에게 발언권을 pound: 파운드, 구치소, 동물을 넣는 인정하다, 표창하다, 남의 수고 울, 구류하다, 무게 단위, 영국의 따위를 인정하다. 화폐단위, 우리, 강타, 세게 연타하다, sharply: 날카롭게, 빈틈없이, 갑자기, 치는 소리, 난타하다. 또렷하게, 세게, 민첩하게, 심하게. raised: 높인, 양각의, 붕긋한, 한층 station: 역, 위치, 주둔지, 방송국, 높은, 도드라진, 높아진, 부풀게한, 파출소 방송국, 정거장, 지위, 소, 국, 부풀게 한, 효모로 부풀게 한. 신분, 근거지. recognize: 인정하다, 알아보다, stricken: 맞은, 다친, 덮친, 습격당한. 승인하다, 발언을 허가하다,

Upton Sinclair

311

attacked first—and if only someone had been there to speak a good word for him, he could have been let off at once.% But Harper explained that he had been downtown, and had not got the message. "What's happened to you?" he asked. "I've been doing a fellow up," said Jurgis, "and I've got to get five hundred dollars' bail." "I can arrange that all right," said the other—"though it may cost you a few dollars, of course. But what was the trouble?" "It was a man that did me a mean trick once," answered Jurgis. "Who is he?" "He's a foreman in Brown's or used to be. His name's Connor." And the other gave a start. "Connor!" he cried. "Not Phil Connor!" "Yes," said Jurgis, "that's the fellow. Why?" "Good God!" exclaimed the other, ''then you're in for it, old man! I can't help you!" "Not help me! Why not?" "Why, he's one of Scully's biggest men—he's a member of the War-Whoop League, and they talked of sending him to the legislature! Phil Connor! Great heavens!" Jurgis sat dumb with dismay. "Why, he can send you to Joliet, if he wants to!" declared the other. "Can't I have Scully get me off before he finds out about it?" asked Jurgis, at length. "But Scully's out of town," the other answered. "I don't even know where he is—he's run away to dodge the strike." That was a pretty mess, indeed. Poor Jurgis sat half-dazed. His pull had run up against a bigger pull, and he was down and out! "But what am I going to do?'' he asked, weakly.

Korean arrange: 배열하다, 조정하다, 행동의 철저한 범위, 시간적인 길이, 정리하다, 가지런히 하다, 준비하다, 보트의 정신, 모음의 길이. 마련하다, 미리 가지런히 하다, member: 일원, 신체의 일부, 수족, 해결하다, 처리하다-타합하다, 구성원, 기관, 부분, 항, 회원, 사원, 계획하다, 가지런히하다. 단원, 한 사람. cost: 희생, 비용, 원가, 값, 요하다, mess: 혼란, 잡탕, 혼합식, 실책, 회식 원가를 산정하다, 비용이 들다, 들다, 동료, 한끼분, 북새, 한 접시분의 대가, 잃게 하다, 잃게하다. 음식, 희식하다, 흩어져 어수선함, legislature: 입법부. 흔란. length: 길이, 기간, 세로, 기장, 특정 message: 통신, 신탁, 전언, 대통령 표준의 길이, 음절의 길이, 정신, 교서, 소식, 예언자가 전하는 신탁,

통신하다, 용무, 신호하다, 심부름꾼이 맡은 용무, 대통령의 교서. send: 보내다, 내리다, 던지다, 내다, 빠지게 하다, 시키다, 쏘다, 전도하다, 쫓아버리다, 베풀다, 주시다. someone: 어떤 사람. speak: 이야기하다, 탄원하다, 표명하다, 이야기 하다, 울리다, 연설하다, 말하다, 성명하다, 나타내다, 쓰다, 에게 말을 걸다.

312

The Jungle

"How should I know?" said the other. "I shouldn't even dare to get bail for you—why, I might ruin myself for life!" Again there was silence. "Can't you do it for me," Jurgis asked, "and pretend that you didn't know who I'd hit?" "But what good would that do you when you came to stand trial?" asked Harper. Then he sat buried in thought for a minute or two. "There's nothing— unless it's this," he said. "I could have your bail reduced; and then if you had the money you could pay it and skip." "How much will it be?" Jurgis asked, after he had had this explained more in detail.% "I don't know," said the other. "How much do you own?" "I've got about three hundred dollars," was the answer. "Well," was Harper's reply, "I'm not sure, but I'll try and get you off for that. I'll take the risk for friendship's sake—for I'd hate to see you sent to state's prison for a year or two." And so finally Jurgis ripped out his bankbook—which was sewed up in his trousers—and signed an order, which "Bush" Harper wrote, for all the money to be paid out. Then the latter went and got it, and hurried to the court, and explained to the magistrate that Jurgis was a decent fellow and a friend of Scully's, who had been attacked by a strike-breaker. So the bail was reduced to three hundred dollars, and Harper went on it himself; he did not tell this to Jurgis, however—nor did he tell him that when the time for trial came it would be an easy matter for him to avoid the forfeiting of the bail, and pocket the three hundred dollars as his reward for the risk of offending Mike Scully! All that he told Jurgis was that he was now free, and that the best thing he could do was to clear out as quickly as possible; and so Jurgis overwhelmed with gratitude and relief, took the dollar and fourteen cents that was left him out of all his bank account, and put it with the two dollars and quarter that was left from his last night's celebration, and boarded a streetcar and got off at the other end of Chicago.

Korean answer: 대답하다, 일치하다, 책임을 지다, 풀다, 응하다, 부합하다, 대답, 해답, 고개를 끄덕여 대답하다, 성공하다, 보증하다. avoid: 피하다, 회피하다, 무효, 무효로 하다, 기피. dare: 도전하다, 위험을 무릅쓰다, 모험적으로 해보다, 감히 ~ 하다, 용기가 있다, 도전, 무릅쓰다. easy: 쉬운, 부드러운, 안락한, 게으른, 관대한 다투기 쉬운, 까다롭지 않은,

문체가 평이한, 편안한, 평이한, 말을 부조, 소창. 잘 듣는, 다루기쉬운. reward: 보답하다, 보수, 보수를 주다, hate: 미워하다, 증오, 좋아하지 않다, 벌, 현상금, 사례금, 보상하다, 보상, 몹시 싫어하다, 따돌리다, 증오의 이익, 보복하다, 응보. 대상, 미움. risk: 위험, 모험, 피보험자, 감행하다, quickly: 빨리, 서둘러서. 위태롭게 하다, 위험률, 위험 분자, reduced: 영락한, 환원한, 감소한, 위태롭게하다, 모험하다, 대담하게 할인한, 줄인, 쇠약한, 몰락한, 해보다, 결다. 기약의, 축소한. stand: 일어서다, 위치하다, 세우다, relief: 교체, 제거, 기분 전환, 구조, 서다, 침로를 잡다, 받다, 괴다, 돋을새김, 고저, 경감, 탁월, 기복, 멈춰서다, 오래가다, 고수하다, 참다.

Upton Sinclair

313

CHAPTER 27

Poor%Jurgis was now an outcast and a tramp once more. He was crippled— he was as literally crippled as any wild animal which has lost its claws, or been torn out of its shell. He had been shorn, at one cut, of all those mysterious weapons whereby he had been able to make a living easily and to escape the consequences of his actions. He could no longer command a job when he wanted it; he could no longer steal with impunity—he must take his chances with the common herd. Nay worse, he dared not mingle with the herd—he must hide himself, for he was one marked out for destruction. His old companions would betray him, for the sake of the influence they would gain thereby; and he would be made to suffer, not merely for the offense he had committed, but for others which would be laid at his door, just as had been done for some poor devil on the occasion of that assault upon the "country customer" by him and Duane. And also he labored under another handicap now. He had acquired new standards of living, which were not easily to be altered. When he had been out of work before, he had been content if he could sleep in a doorway or under a truck out of the rain, and if he could get fifteen cents a day for saloon lunches. But now he desired all sorts of other things, and suffered because he had to do without them. He must have a drink now and then, a drink for its own sake, and apart from the food that came with it. The craving for it was strong enough to

Korean acquired: 획득한, 습득한, 후천적인. 전렴하는, 꼼짝못할 입장이 되어, actions: 행위, 행실, 거등. 명확한 태도를 가진, 약속하여, assault: 폭행, 강간, 습격, 공격하다, 전념하는. 강습, 돌격, 에게 폭행을 가다다, content: 내용, 용적, 함유량, 차례, 협박-강습하다, 강습하다, 협박, 만족하여, 찬성하여, 만족, 내용물, 갑작스런 습격. 속알맹이, 흐뭇해하여-만족, command: 지휘하다, 명령, 지배하다, 찬성투표. 지휘, 명하다, 의 값어치가 있다, handicap: 핸디캡, 핸디를 붙이다, 지배력, 장악지, 차지하고 있다, 불리한 조건, 핸디붙은 경주, 명령하다, 조망. 핸디붙은경주, 에게 핸디캡을 붙이다, committed: 언질을 주어, 헌신적인, 핸디캡이 붙은 경마, 핸디캡이 붙은

경주. mingle: 섞다, 섞이다, 사귀다, 어울리다, 뒤섞이다. shell: 포탄, 깍지, 조가비, 껍질, 파열탄, 껍질을 벗기다, 여성용의 소매 없는 헐렁한 블라우스, 껍데기, 껍데기에서 배내다, 외피, 약협. shorn: 을 빼앗긴, 깎인. thereby: 그 때문에, 그것에 의해서, 그것에 의하여, 그것에 관하여, 그 근처에.

314

The Jungle

master every other consideration—he would have it, though it were his last nickel and he had to starve the balance of the day in consequence.% Jurgis became once more a besieger of factory gates. But never since he had been in Chicago had he stood less chance of getting a job than just then. For one thing, there was the economic crisis, the million or two of men who had been out of work in the spring and summer, and were not yet all back, by any means. And then there was the strike, with seventy thousand men and women all over the country idle for a couple of months—twenty thousand in Chicago, and many of them now seeking work throughout the city. It did not remedy matters that a few days later the strike was given up and about half the strikers went back to work; for every one taken on, there was a "scab" who gave up and fled. The ten or fifteen thousand "green" Negroes, foreigners, and criminals were now being turned loose to shift for themselves. Everywhere Jurgis went he kept meeting them, and he was in an agony of fear lest some one of them should know that he was "wanted." He would have left Chicago, only by the time he had realized his danger he was almost penniless; and it would be better to go to jail than to be caught out in the country in the winter time. At the end of about ten days Jurgis had only a few pennies left; and he had not yet found a job—not even a day's work at anything, not a chance to carry a satchel. Once again, as when he had come out of the hospital, he was bound hand and foot, and facing the grisly phantom of starvation. Raw, naked terror possessed him, a maddening passion that would never leave him, and that wore him down more quickly than the actual want of food. He was going to die of hunger! The fiend reached out its scaly arms for him—it touched him, its breath came into his face; and he would cry out for the awfulness of it, he would wake up in the night, shuddering, and bathed in perspiration, and start up and flee. He would walk, begging for work, until he was exhausted; he could not remain still—he would wander on, gaunt and haggard, gazing about him with restless eyes. Everywhere he went, from one end of the vast city to the other, there were hundreds of others like him; everywhere was the sight of plenty and the merciless hand of authority waving them away. There is one kind of prison

Korean awfulness: 지독함, 장엄, 장엄함, 지나가다. 두려운 일, 굉장함, 두려운 것. foot: 발, 운각, 보병, 최하부, 아랫 besieger: 포위군, 포위자. 부분, 산기슭, 발부분, 딛다, 걷다, danger: 위험, 장애, 의 위험이 있다, 말석, 걸음. 위험 상태, 위험물. gaunt: 무시무시한, 수척한, 여윈, fear: 경외하다, 무서워하다, 걱정하다, 쓸쓸한. 공포, 두려움, 경외, 걱정, 근심, restless: 끊임없는, 불안한, 침착하지 근심하다, 망설이다, 무서움. 못한, 잠잘 수 없는, 잠못이루는, flee: 도망하다, 사라지다, 질주하다, 활동적인, 쉬지 않는, 쉬지 못하게 달아나다, 도망치다, 급속히 하는, 들떠 있는, 부단한, 침착하지 경과하다, 서두르다, 급속히 않은.

satchel: 학생 가방, 손가방. scaly: 비늘이 있는, 비늘 모양의, 인색한, 물때가 낀, 천한, 벗겨져 떨어지는. seventy: 일흔 개, 칠십, 칠십대, 일흔, 일흔 명, 칠십년대, 칠십세, 칠십세의, 칠십의, 칠십의 기호. spring: 봄, 샘, 용수철을 달다, 튀다, 폭발시키다, 도약하다, 뛰다, 뛰어넘다, 반동, 원천, 청춘.

Upton Sinclair

315

where the man is behind bars, and everything that he desires is outside; and there is another kind where the things are behind the bars, and the man is outside.% When he was down to his last quarter, Jurgis learned that before the bakeshops closed at night they sold out what was left at half price, and after that he would go and get two loaves of stale bread for a nickel, and break them up and stuff his pockets with them, munching a bit from time to time. He would not spend a penny save for this; and, after two or three days more, he even became sparing of the bread, and would stop and peer into the ash barrels as he walked along the streets, and now and then rake out a bit of something, shake it free from dust, and count himself just so many minutes further from the end. So for several days he had been going about, ravenous all the time, and growing weaker and weaker, and then one morning he had a hideous experience, that almost broke his heart. He was passing down a street lined with warehouses, and a boss offered him a job, and then, after he had started to work, turned him off because he was not strong enough. And he stood by and saw another man put into his place, and then picked up his coat, and walked off, doing all that he could to keep from breaking down and crying like a baby. He was lost! He was doomed! There was no hope for him! But then, with a sudden rush, his fear gave place to rage. He fell to cursing. He would come back there after dark, and he would show that scoundrel whether he was good for anything or not! He was still muttering this when suddenly, at the corner, he came upon a green-grocery, with a tray full of cabbages in front of it. Jurgis, after one swift glance about him, stooped and seized the biggest of them, and darted round the corner with it. There was a hue and cry, and a score of men and boys started in chase of him; but he came to an alley, and then to another branching off from it and leading him into another street, where he fell into a walk, and slipped his cabbage under his coat and went off unsuspected in the crowd. When he had gotten a safe distance away he sat down and devoured half the cabbage raw, stowing the balance away in his pockets till the next day.

Korean along: 을 끼고, 을 따라, 을 따라서, 어린애처럼 다루다. 이쪽으로, 로 따라서, 앞으로, 데리고, chase: 사냥, 추적, 뒤쫓다, 달리다, 홈, 가까워져서, 계속 앞으로, 약, 지나서. 달아나다, 사냥하다, 의 뒤를 쫓다, ash: 재, 유골, 회색, 폐허, 창백, 쫓아내다, 을 추구하다, 떠나다. 양풀푸레나무, 물푸레나무 재목, distance: 거리, 간격, 능가하다, 사이, 회한을 상징하는 것, 굴욕을 상징하는 앞 지르다, 사이를 두다, 먼데 사이를 것, 금연 건강 증진 협회, 서양 두다, 앞지르다, 먼 데, 먼 거리, 물푸레나무. 간격을 두다. baby: 젊은 여자, 작은동물, 애인, leading: 지도, 주요한, 지휘하는, 소녀, 갓난애, 아기, 어린이 용의, 통솔, 지표, 훌륭한, 세력있는, 사람, 갓난아이, 응석 받다, 이끄는, 주역의, 납세공, 인도하는.

lined: 안을 댄, 선을 그은. rake: 갈퀴, 써레, 경사, 긁다, 방탕자, 소사하다, 갈퀴를 쓰다, 방탕하다, 고무래, 갈퀴로 긁다, 난봉꾼. sparing: 인색한, 검약하는, 아끼는, 아끼며 사용하는. stuff: 직물, 소지품, 틀어막다, 요소, 채우다, 원료, 소질, 잡동사니, 박제하다, 허튼소리, 게걸스럽게먹다. unsuspected: 의심받지 않은, 생각지도 못할, 혐의받지 않은.

316

The Jungle

Just about this time one of the Chicago newspapers, which made much of the "common people," opened a "free-soup kitchen" for the benefit of the unemployed. Some people said that they did this for the sake of the advertising it gave them, and some others said that their motive was a fear lest all their readers should be starved off; but whatever the reason, the soup was thick and hot, and there was a bowl for every man, all night long. When Jurgis heard of this, from a fellow "hobo," he vowed that he would have half a dozen bowls before morning; but, as it proved, he was lucky to get one, for there was a line of men two blocks long before the stand, and there was just as long a line when the place was finally closed up.% This depot was within the danger line for Jurgis—in the "Levee" district, where he was known; but he went there, all the same, for he was desperate, and beginning to think of even the Bridewell as a place of refuge. So far the weather had been fair, and he had slept out every night in a vacant lot; but now there fell suddenly a shadow of the advancing winter, a chill wind from the north and a driving storm of rain. That day Jurgis bought two drinks for the sake of the shelter, and at night he spent his last two pennies in a "stale-beer dive." This was a place kept by a Negro, who went out and drew off the old dregs of beer that lay in barrels set outside of the saloons; and after he had doctored it with chemicals to make it "fizz," he sold it for two cents a can, the purchase of a can including the privilege of sleeping the night through upon the floor, with a mass of degraded outcasts, men and women. All these horrors afflicted Jurgis all the more cruelly, because he was always contrasting them with the opportunities he had lost. For instance, just now it was election time again—within five or six weeks the voters of the country would select a President; and he heard the wretches with whom he associated discussing it, and saw the streets of the city decorated with placards and banners—and what words could describe the pangs of grief and despair that shot through him? For instance, there was a night during this cold spell. He had begged all day, for his very life, and found not a soul to heed him, until toward evening he saw

Korean advertising: 광고업, 광고. 휘몰아치는, 사람을 혹사하는, associated: 조합의, 연합한, 합동의, 운전법, 에서 멀리 치기. 연상의, 연합된. motive: 운동을 일으키는, 동기, degraded: 타락한, 퇴화한, 부패한, 동기가 되는, 동기가 되는-동기, 저하한. 동인, 예술 작품의 주제, 동기의, describe: 묘사하다, 기술하다, 그리다, 문학의 주제, 기동의, 일반적으로 평하다. 주지, 주제. desperate: 필사적인, 자포자기의, purchase: 사다, 기중 장치, 노력하여 절망적인, 터무니없는, 극도의. 얻다, 구입품, 수익, 구입물, 산 물건, driving: 추진하는, 운전, 정력적인, 구매, 지레, 구지레를 울리다-구입, 동력전달의, 혹사하는, 추진, 박기, 구지레를 울리다.

refuge: 피난처, 은신처, 피난, 안전지대, 핑계, 도피처, 구실, 의지, 의지가 되는 사람, 의지가 되는 물건, 위안자. select: 선택에 까다로운, 고르다, 도시행정 위원, 가려내다, 극상의, 뽑다, 뽑아 가려낸, 상류계급을 위한, 상류 사회의, 선택, 분리하다. vacant: 빈, 멍한, 한가한, 비어 있는, 공허한, 결원의, 사람이 안 사는, 허탈한, 빈자리 지위의, 빈자리의.

Upton Sinclair

317

an old lady getting off a streetcar and helped her down with her umbrellas and bundles and then told her his "hard-luck story," and after answering all her suspicious questions satisfactorily, was taken to a restaurant and saw a quarter paid down for a meal. And so he had soup and bread, and boiled beef and potatoes and beans, and pie and coffee, and came out with his skin stuffed tight as a football. And then, through the rain and the darkness, far down the street he saw red lights flaring and heard the thumping of a bass drum; and his heart gave a leap, and he made for the place on the run—knowing without the asking that it meant a political meeting.% The campaign had so far been characterized by what the newspapers termed "apathy." For some reason the people refused to get excited over the struggle, and it was almost impossible to get them to come to meetings, or to make any noise when they did come. Those which had been held in Chicago so far had proven most dismal failures, and tonight, the speaker being no less a personage than a candidate for the vice-presidency of the nation, the political managers had been trembling with anxiety. But a merciful providence had sent this storm of cold rain—and now all it was necessary to do was to set off a few fireworks, and thump awhile on a drum, and all the homeless wretches from a mile around would pour in and fill the hall! And then on the morrow the newspapers would have a chance to report the tremendous ovation, and to add that it had been no "silk-stocking" audience, either, proving clearly that the high tariff sentiments of the distinguished candidate were pleasing to the wage-earners of the nation. So Jurgis found himself in a large hall, elaborately decorated with flags and bunting; and after the chairman had made his little speech, and the orator of the evening rose up, amid an uproar from the band—only fancy the emotions of Jurgis upon making the discovery that the personage was none other than the famous and eloquent Senator Spareshanks, who had addressed the "Doyle Republican Association" at the stockyards, and helped to elect Mike Scully's tenpin setter to the Chicago Board of Aldermen! In truth, the sight of the senator almost brought the tears into Jurgis's eyes. What agony it was to him to look back upon those golden hours, when he, too,

Korean bass: 베이스, 저음악기-저음의, 베이스 가수, 농어의 일종, 인피로 만든 제품, 저음의, 참피나무, 참피나무의 재목, 바스, 남성 저음역. bunting: 기, 기 만드는 천, 멧새의무리, 후드 달린 따듯한 포대기, 엷은 깃발천, 멧새 무리, 깃발천. drum: 북, 불러모으다, 드럼통, 고실, 북을 치고 돌아다니다, 북을 치고 돌아디니며 모집하다, 고동, 북으로

연주하다, 북을치다, 고막, 억지로 주입시키다. elaborately: 면밀하게, 정성들여. merciful: 자비로운. orator: 연설자, 웅변가. ovation: 대환영, 대갈채, 대인기. proven: 증명된. providence: 섭리, 장래에 대한 배려, 신의 뜻, 신조, 검약, 선견, 하나님, 천우, 신의. satisfactorily: 더할나위 없는,

흡족하게, 충분히, 만족한, 만족하게. senator: 평의원, 상원의원, 이사, 상원 의원, 원로원 의원, 정치가, 추밀 고문관. suspicious: 의심을 나타내는, 괴이쩍은, 의심하는, 의심스러운, 의심 많은, 의혹을 일으키는. tariff: 요금표, 관세표, 관세, 요금, 운임, 의 요금을 정하다, 관세를 부과하다, 운임표.

318

The Jungle

had %a place beneath the shadow of the plum tree! When he, too, had been of the elect, through whom the country is governed—when he had had a bung in the campaign barrel for his own! And this was another election in which the Republicans had all the money; and but for that one hideous accident he might have had a share of it, instead of being where he was! The eloquent senator was explaining the system of protection; an ingenious device whereby the workingman permitted the manufacturer to charge him higher prices, in order that he might receive higher wages; thus taking his money out of his pocket with one hand, and putting a part of it back with the other. To the senator this unique arrangement had somehow become identified with the higher verities of the universe. It was because of it that Columbia was the gem of the ocean; and all her future triumphs, her power and good repute among the nations, depended upon the zeal and fidelity with which each citizen held up the hands of those who were toiling to maintain it. The name of this heroic company was "the Grand Old Party"— And here the band began to play, and Jurgis sat up with a violent start. Singular as it may seem, Jurgis was making a desperate effort to understand what the senator was saying—to comprehend the extent of American prosperity, the enormous expansion of American commerce, and the Republic's future in the Pacific and in South America, and wherever else the oppressed were groaning. The reason for it was that he wanted to keep awake. He knew that if he allowed himself to fall asleep he would begin to snore loudly; and so he must listen—he must be interested! But he had eaten such a big dinner, and he was so exhausted, and the hall was so warm, and his seat was so comfortable! The senator's gaunt form began to grow dim and hazy, to tower before him and dance about, with figures of exports and imports. Once his neighbor gave him a savage poke in the ribs, and he sat up with a start and tried to look innocent; but then he was at it again, and men began to stare at him with annoyance, and to call out in vexation. Finally one of them called a policeman, who came and grabbed Jurgis by the collar, and jerked him to his feet, bewildered and terrified. Some of the audience turned to see the commotion, and Senator Spareshanks faltered in his speech; but

Korean bung: 쳐부수다, 마개 막다, 상처를 입히다, 마개를 하다, 마개, 막히다. commerce: 상업, 통상, 교제, 교섭, 교역, 무역. commotion: 동요, 폭동, 격동, 동란, 소동, 소요. comprehend: 이해하다, 포함하다, 함축하다. gem: 보석, 소중한 것, 지보. hazy: 몽롱한, 흐릿한, 안개 짙은, 이내낀, 거나하게 취한.

heroic: 실물보다 큰, 영웅시의, 웅대한, 과장된 표현, 용감한, 영웅적인, 장렬한, 용사의, 영웅의, 영웅사격, 영웅사. nations: 근대 민족 국가, 민족 국가. neighbor: 이웃의, 이웃하다, 동포, 이웃사람, 서로 이웃하는 것, 인접하다, 이웃해 있다, 가까운사이이다, 근처에 살고 있다, 근처의 것, 인접한. plum: 봉봉, 건포도, 진보라색,

양오얏, 큰 재산, 정수, 일품, 알짜, 서양자두, 감언, 암자색. repute: 평판, 세평, 명성, 호평, 이라고 평하다, 신용, 생각하다, 로 보다, 라 평하다, 여기다, 고명. snore: 코를 골다, 코골기, 코골며 보내다. vexation: 애탐, 괴롭힘, 화냄, 고민거리, 고통, 고민, 귀찮은 사물, 애태움, 속상함, 괴로움의 원인, 번뇌의 원인.

Upton Sinclair

319

a voice shouted cheerily: "We're just firing a bum! Go ahead, old sport!" And so the crowd roared, and the senator smiled genially, and went on; and in a few seconds poor Jurgis found himself landed out in the rain, with a kick and a string of curses.% He got into the shelter of a doorway and took stock of himself. He was not hurt, and he was not arrested—more than he had any right to expect. He swore at himself and his luck for a while, and then turned his thoughts to practical matters. He had no money, and no place to sleep; he must begin begging again. He went out, hunching his shoulders together and shivering at the touch of the icy rain. Coming down the street toward him was a lady, well dressed, and protected by an umbrella; and he turned and walked beside her. "Please, ma'am," he began, "could you lend me the price of a night's lodging? I'm a poor working- man—" Then, suddenly, he stopped short. By the light of a street lamp he had caught sight of the lady's face. He knew her. It was Alena Jasaityte, who had been the belle of his wedding feast! Alena Jasaityte, who had looked so beautiful, and danced with such a queenly air, with Juozas Raczius, the teamster! Jurgis had only seen her once or twice afterward, for Juozas had thrown her over for another girl, and Alena had gone away from Packingtown, no one knew where. And now he met her here! She was as much surprised as he was. "Jurgis Rudkus!" she gasped. "And what in the world is the matter with you?" "I—I've had hard luck," he stammered. "I'm out of work, and I've no home and no money. And you, Alena—are you married?" "No," she answered, "I'm not married, but I've got a good place." They stood staring at each other for a few moments longer. Finally Alena spoke again. "Jurgis," she said, "I'd help you if I could, upon my word I would, but it happens that I've come out without my purse, and I honestly haven't a penny with me: I can do something better for you, though—I can tell you how to get help. I can tell you where Marija is."

Korean beautiful: 아름다운, 훌륭한, 우수한, 가인, 뛰어난, 멋있는, 미인, 보기 좋은, 산뜻한, 아름다운 것, 아름다움. belle: 미인, 예쁜소녀, 가장 아름다운 소녀, 가장 아름다운 여성, 여자 이름. cheerily: 명랑하게, 기분 좋게, 기분좋게, 기운 좋게, 기운좋게. genially: 친절하게, 상냥스럽게, 싹싹하게. honestly: 정직하게, 성실하게. married: 결혼한, 부부의, 기혼자,

기혼의. protected: 보호된. purse: 돈주머니, 돈지갑, 오므라지다, 금전, 상금, 기부금-오므리다, 오므리다, 동식물 따위의 낭, 오그라들다, 입술을 오므리다, 낭. queenly: 위엄 있는, 여왕다운, 여왕의, 여왕답게, 여왕 같은. rain: 비, 비를 내리다, 우기, 우천, 빗발치듯 퍼붓다, 강우, 비가 오다, 비오듯 하다, 빗발처럼 쏟아지다,

엎친데 덮치기, 의 비를 내리게하다. stock: 주식, 원료, 혈통, 대, 조선대, 가축, 가문, 증권, 가계, 자루, 재고품. string: 현, 일렬, 속이다, 긴장시키다, 끈, 부대 조건, 실이되다, 섬유를 떼다, 실, 의 현을 조르다, 일렬로 늘어세우다. surprised: 놀란, 놀라다. teamster: 트럭 운전기사, 두목, 왕초, 한데 맨 짐승떼를 부리는 사람, 한데 맨 짐승을 부리는 사람, 트럭 운전사.

320

The Jungle

Jurgis gave a start. "Marija!" he exclaimed.% "Yes," said Alena; "and she'll help you. She's got a place, and she's doing well; she'll be glad to see you." It was not much more than a year since Jurgis had left Packingtown, feeling like one escaped from jail; and it had been from Marija and Elzbieta that he was escaping. But now, at the mere mention of them, his whole being cried out with joy. He wanted to see them; he wanted to go home! They would help him—they would be kind to him. In a flash he had thought over the situation. He had a good excuse for running away—his grief at the death of his son; and also he had a good excuse for not returning—the fact that they had left Packingtown. "All right," he said, "I'll go." So she gave him a number on Clark Street, adding, "There's no need to give you my address, because Marija knows it." And Jurgis set out, without further ado. He found a large brownstone house of aristocratic appearance, and rang the basement bell. A young colored girl came to the door, opening it about an inch, and gazing at him suspiciously. "What do you want?" she demanded. "Does Marija Berczynskas live here?" he inquired. "I dunno," said the girl. "What you want wid her?" "I want to see her," said he; "she's a relative of mine." The girl hesitated a moment. Then she opened the door and said, "Come in." Jurgis came and stood in the hall, and she continued: "I'll go see. What's yo' name?" "Tell her it's Jurgis," he answered, and the girl went upstairs. She came back at the end of a minute or two, and replied, "Dey ain't no sich person here." Jurgis's heart went down into his boots. "I was told this was where she lived!" he cried. But the girl only shook her head. "De lady says dey ain't no sich person here," she said.

Korean address: 연설, 청원, 구혼, 제언, 주소, 인사, 수신인 이름.주소, 수신인 이름, 인사말, 사무 능력, 본격적으로 착수하다. ado: 소동, 법석, 야단 법석. appearance: 외관, 출현, 모양, 출두, 유령, 발간, 상황, 등장, 현상, 곡두, 형세 체면상. aristocratic: 귀족의, 귀족적인, 귀족티 내는. girl: 계집아이, 소녀, 하녀, 젊은 여자,

숫처녀, 여자, 애인, 여급, 거얼. 명색뿐인, 에 지나지 않는, 전적인 hall: 현관, 사무소, 홀, 넓은방, 회당, 호수. 회관, 조합본부, 저택, 복도, 대 식당, relative: 친척, 관계사, 상대적인, 교사. 비교상의, 관계를 나타내는, 적절한, heart: 심장, 가슴, 애정, 중심, 용기, 관계있는, 관계물, 상관적인, 본심, 마음속, 마음, 원기, 핵심, 중앙. 관계사에서 이끌린, 관계 있는. lady: 귀부인, 부인, 숙녀, 양, situation: 위치, 처지, 장소, 형세, 성모마리아, 기품있는 여성, 모 입장, 직, 아슬아슬한 고비, 지위, 마리아, 애인, 여자 변소, 여성용 위험한 지경, 근무처, 관계. 화장실, 여자. suspiciously: 수상쩍게, 의심쩍게, mere: 호수, 단순한, 에 불과한, 못, 의심많게, 의심스럽게.

Upton Sinclair

321

%

And he stood for a moment, hesitating, helpless with dismay. Then he turned to go to the door. At the same instant, however, there came a knock upon it, and the girl went to open it. Jurgis heard the shuffling of feet, and then heard her give a cry; and the next moment she sprang back, and past him, her eyes shining white with terror, and bounded up the stairway, screaming at the top of her lungs: "Police! Police! We're pinched!" Jurgis stood for a second, bewildered. Then, seeing blue-coated forms rushing upon him, he sprang after the Negress. Her cries had been the signal for a wild uproar above; the house was full of people, and as he entered the hallway he saw them rushing hither and thither, crying and screaming with alarm. There were men and women, the latter clad for the most part in wrappers, the former in all stages of dishabille. At one side Jurgis caught a glimpse of a big apartment with plush-covered chairs, and tables covered with trays and glasses. There were playing cards scattered all over the floor—one of the tables had been upset, and bottles of wine were rolling about, their contents running out upon the carpet. There was a young girl who had fainted, and two men who were supporting her; and there were a dozen others crowding toward the front door. Suddenly, however, there came a series of resounding blows upon it, causing the crowd to give back. At the same instant a stout woman, with painted cheeks and diamonds in her ears, came running down the stairs, panting breathlessly: "To the rear! Quick!" She led the way to a back staircase, Jurgis following; in the kitchen she pressed a spring, and a cupboard gave way and opened, disclosing a dark passageway. "Go in!" she cried to the crowd, which now amounted to twenty or thirty, and they began to pass through. Scarcely had the last one disappeared, however, before there were cries from in front, and then the panic-stricken throng poured out again, exclaiming: "They're there too! We're trapped!" "Upstairs!" cried the woman, and there was another rush of the mob, women and men cursing and screaming and fighting to be first. One flight, two, three— and then there was a ladder to the roof, with a crowd packed at the foot of it, and one man at the top, straining and struggling to lift the trap door. It was not to be

Korean carpet: 양탄자, 융단, 깔개, 풀밭, 양탄자를 깔다, 꾸짖다, 온통 깔림, 온통 뒤덮다, 꽃밭, 불러꾸짖다. clad: 장비한, 입은, 다른 금속을 입히다, 덮인, 클래딩하다. diamonds: 다이아 패 한 벌. dishabille: 평상복, 약복, 평복, 약장. former: 앞의, 이전의, 전자의, 형성자, 만드는 도구, 구성자, 권형, 모형, 형, 전의, 전자. glasses: 안경, 컵.

hesitating: 주저하는, 망설이는. hither: 이쪽의, 여기로, 이리로, 여기에. panic-stricken: 공황에 휩쓸린. pass: 수로, 통용하다, 합격하다, 지나다, 고개, 산길, 변화하다, 물길, 고갯길, 경과하다, 요충지. passageway: 복도, 통로. resounding: 반향하는, 널리 알려진, 메아리치는, 울려퍼지는, 울리는, 틀림없는.

series: 시리즈, 일련, 열, 직렬, 급수, 통, 수열, 연속, 음렬, 총서, 연속 시합. stairway: 계단, 충계. supporting: 원조하는, 조연하는, 받치는, 지지하는, 떠받치는. thither: 저기에, 저쪽에, 저쪽의, 저쪽으로. top: 팽이, 정상, 끝을 자르다, 수석의, 최고의, 절정, 표면, 극점, 지붕, 제일 위의, 털술.

322

The Jungle

stirred, %however, and when the woman shouted up to unhook it, he answered: "It's already unhooked. There's somebody sitting on it!" And a moment later came a voice from downstairs: "You might as well quit, you people. We mean business, this time." So the crowd subsided; and a few moments later several policemen came up, staring here and there, and leering at their victims. Of the latter the men were for the most part frightened and sheepish-looking. The women took it as a joke, as if they were used to it—though if they had been pale, one could not have told, for the paint on their cheeks. One black-eyed young girl perched herself upon the top of the balustrade, and began to kick with her slippered foot at the helmets of the policemen, until one of them caught her by the ankle and pulled her down. On the floor below four or five other girls sat upon trunks in the hall, making fun of the procession which filed by them. They were noisy and hilarious, and had evidently been drinking; one of them, who wore a bright red kimono, shouted and screamed in a voice that drowned out all the other sounds in the hall—and Jurgis took a glance at her, and then gave a start, and a cry, "Marija!" She heard him, and glanced around; then she shrank back and half sprang to her feet in amazement. "Jurgis!" she gasped. For a second or two they stood staring at each other. "How did you come here?" Marija exclaimed. "I came to see you," he answered. "When?" "Just now." "But how did you know—who told you I was here?" "Alena Jasaityte. I met her on the street." Again there was a silence, while they gazed at each other. The rest of the crowd was watching them, and so Marija got up and came closer to him. "And you?" Jurgis asked. "You live here?"

Korean balustrade: 난간. below: 하위에, 보다 못하여, 아래에, 아래로, 의 가치가 없어, 의 하위에, 보다 아래로, 보다 밑으로, 영하로, 아래충으로, 아래 문장쪽에. bright: 유망한, 화창한, 환한, 쾌활한, 밝게빛나는, 머리가좋은, 밝다, 영리한, 투명한, 빈틈없는, 선명한. closer: 닫는것, 최종회, 폐색기, 닫는 것. floor: 층, 의원석, 제작, 발언권,

최저가격, 촬영소, 마루, 입회장, 마루를 깔다, 바닥, 마루바닥에 앉히. herself: 그 여자 자신, 그녀는, 그녀 자신. hilarious: 매우 명랑한, 명령한. kimono: 여성용 느슨한 화장옷, 일본옷, 일본 옷, 키모노. live: 살다, 생활하다, 존속하다, 남다, 보내다, 살아 있다, 살아있는, 생방송의, 생존하다, 을 상식으로 하다, 재미있게살다.

red: 빨간, 빨강, 적자, 혁명적인, 공산주의의, 적색의, 피에 물든, 잔인한, 작열하는, 영령의, 빨갱이의. sitting: 착석, 개정, 회가, 한차례일, 알을 품고 있는, 알 품기, 개회, 거주중인, 사진의 모델이 됨, 앉은, 일하며 앉아 있는 기간. slippered: 슬리퍼를 신은, 편히 쉬는. trunks: 트렁크스. unhook: 갈고리에서 벗기다, 갈훅가 풀리다, 갈고리가 풀리다.

Upton Sinclair

323

"Yes," said Marija, "I live here." Then suddenly came a hail from below: "Get your clothes on now, girls, and come along. You'd best begin, or you'll be sorry—it's raining outside." "Br-r-r!" shivered some one, and the women got up and entered the various doors which lined the hallway.% "Come," said Marija, and took Jurgis into her room, which was a tiny place about eight by six, with a cot and a chair and a dressing stand and some dresses hanging behind the door. There were clothes scattered about on the floor, and hopeless confusion everywhere—boxes of rouge and bottles of perfume mixed with hats and soiled dishes on the dresser, and a pair of slippers and a clock and a whisky bottle on a chair. Marija had nothing on but a kimono and a pair of stockings; yet she proceeded to dress before Jurgis, and without even taking the trouble to close the door. He had by this time divined what sort of a place he was in; and he had seen a great deal of the world since he had left home, and was not easy to shock—and yet it gave him a painful start that Marija should do this. They had always been decent people at home, and it seemed to him that the memory of old times ought to have ruled her. But then he laughed at himself for a fool. What was he, to be pretending to decency! "How long have you been living here?" he asked. "Nearly a year," she answered. "Why did you come?" "I had to live," she said; "and I couldn't see the children starve." He paused for a moment, watching her. "You were out of work?" he asked, finally. "I got sick," she replied. Stanislovas died—"

"and after that I had no money.

And then

"Stanislovas dead!" "Yes," said Marija, "I forgot. You didn't know about it."

Korean clock: 시계, 사람의 얼굴, 시계로 dresser: 멋쟁이, 옷입는사람, 옷입는 시간을 재다, 때리다, 기록을 내다, 사람, 장식하는사람, 의상담당자, 자수 장식을 하다, 의 시간을 재다, 의상 담당자, 장식하는 사람, 양말의 장식수, 내내, 치다, 양말목의 마무르는 직공, 처치담당자, 장식자, 자수 장식. 경대. confusion: 당황, 혼동, 혼란, 혼미, hopeless: 가망없는, 절감의, 희망없는, 지리멸렬, 뒤죽박죽, 착란, 난잡. 희망을 잃은, 쓸모없는. dress: 의복, 정장하다, 예복, 드레스, memory: 추억, 기억, 기념, 기억력, 정열시키다, 다듬다, 입히다, 죽은 뒤의 명성, 영, 기억의 범위, 정장시키다, 무두질하다, 치료하다, 개인의 기억력, 메모리, 사후의 명성, 치장하다. 기억의 시간적범위.

pretending: 거짓의, 사칭하는, 겉치레하는, 왕위를 노리는. rouge: 연지, 연지를 바르다, 철단, 벵갈라, 얼굴을 붉히다, 붉은 빛의, 상대방의 득점이 되는 터치다운, 스크럼, 루즈, 붉어지다, 화장용 연지. tiny: 아주 작은, 작은, 유아. trouble: 고생, 걱정하다, 소동, 고장, 어려움, 벌을 받다, 귀찮은 일, 귀찮음, 벌을 받고, 분쟁, 걱정.

324

The Jungle

"How did he die?" "Rats killed him," she answered.% Jurgis gave a gasp. "Rats killed him!" "Yes," said the other; she was bending over, lacing her shoes as she spoke. "He was working in an oil factory—at least he was hired by the men to get their beer. He used to carry cans on a long pole; and he'd drink a little out of each can, and one day he drank too much, and fell asleep in a corner, and got locked up in the place all night. When they found him the rats had killed him and eaten him nearly all up." Jurgis sat, frozen with horror. Marija went on lacing up her shoes. There was a long silence. Suddenly a big policeman came to the door. "Hurry up, there," he said. "As quick as I can," said Marija, and she stood up and began putting on her corsets with feverish haste. "Are the rest of the people alive?" asked Jurgis, finally. "Yes," she said. "Where are they?" "They live not far from here. They're all right now." "They are working?" he inquired. "Elzbieta is," said Marija, "when she can. I take care of them most of the time—I'm making plenty of money now." Jurgis was silent for a moment. "Do they know you live here—how you live?" he asked. "Elzbieta knows," answered Marija. "I couldn't lie to her. And maybe the children have found out by this time. It's nothing to be ashamed of—we can't help it." "And Tamoszius?" he asked. "Does he know?"

Korean ashamed: 낯을 붉히어, 부끄러워하여, 부끄러이 여겨, 부끄러워. asleep: 잠들어, 활발치않아서, 마비되어, 팽이가서서, 영면하여, 죽어, 자서, 저려. cans: 헤드폰. can't: 못 하다. carry: 이월하다, 나르다, 전하다, 수반하다, 가게에 놓다, 배고 있다, 기르다, 사정, 단번에 넘기다, 머리를 쳐들다, 재정적 원조를 하다.

feverish: 열병이 많은, 열광적인, 열이 horror: 공포, 열등품, 소름끼치게하는, 있는, 열병의, 열띤, 열병이 유행하는. 염오, 무서운것, 공포의 전율, 치가 frozen: 언, 극한의, 냉담한, 냉동의, 떨리는 기분, 무서운 것, 참으로 얼음으로덮힌, 동상에걸린, 냉랭한, 지독한 것. 동상에 걸린, 동결된. lacing: 매질, 끈목, 줄무늬, 커피 gasp: 헐떡거리다, 숨이 막히다, 따위에 넣은 소량의 알코을 음료, 헐떡거리며 말하다, 헐떡거림, 숨참, 끈종류, 레이스를 달기, 소량의 헐떡임, 열망하다, 숨막힘. 알코을 음료. haste: 서두름, 급속, 재촉하다, policeman: 경관, 순경. 서두르다, 서두르게 하다, 성급, 급함. hired: 고용한, 빌린, 삯주는.

Upton Sinclair

325

Marija shrugged her shoulders. "How do I know?" she said. "I haven't seen him for over a year. He got blood poisoning and lost one finger, and couldn't play the violin any more; and then he went away." Marija was standing in front of the glass fastening her dress. Jurgis sat staring at her. He could hardly believe that she was the same woman he had known in the old days; she was so quiet—so hard! It struck fear to his heart to watch her.% Then suddenly she gave a glance at him. "You look as if you had been having a rough time of it yourself," she said. "I have," he answered. "I haven't a cent in my pockets, and nothing to do." "Where have you been?" "All over. I've been hoboing it. Then I went back to the yards—just before the strike." He paused for a moment, hesitating. "I asked for you," he added. "I found you had gone away, no one knew where. Perhaps you think I did you a dirty trick. running away as I did, Marija—" "No," she answered, "I don't blame you. We never have—any of us. You did your best—the job was too much for us." She paused a moment, then added: "We were too ignorant—that was the trouble. We didn't stand any chance. If I'd known what I know now we'd have won out." "You'd have come here?" said Jurgis. "Yes," she answered; "but that's not what I meant. differently you would have behaved—about Ona."

I meant you—how

Jurgis was silent; he had never thought of that aspect of it. "When people are starving," the other continued, "and they have anything with a price, they ought to sell it, I say. I guess you realize it now when it's too late. Ona could have taken care of us all, in the beginning." Marija spoke without emotion, as one who had come to regard things from the business point of view.

Korean blood: 피, 순종, 혈통, 혈액, 살육, 근년, 더딘, 뒤늦게, 요전의, 작고한, 호의, 주목하다. 멋있는 젊은이, 혈기, 피의, 피비린내 저물어, 최근. rough: 거칠게, 귀에 거슬리는, 나는, 새로운 체험을 시키다, 다루기 lost: 진, 허비한, 잃은, 놓친, 길잃은, 껄껄한, 거친, 사나운, 학대, 떫은, 어려운. 정신팔린, 죽인, 파멸된, 잃어버린, 난폭한, 거칠게 하다, 미가공, chance: 우연, 가망, 기회, 운에 맡기고 헛되이, 죽은. 거칠거칠한. 해보다, 호기, 운, 가능성, 승산, 복권, price: 값, 대상, 대가, 보수, 값을 묻다, watch: 경계, 주시하다, 감시하다, 우연한, 우연히 만나다. 가격, 현상, 어떤 희생 치르더라도, 돌보다, 지켜보다, 감시, 대기하고 fastening: 죔, 잠그기, 닫음, 붙임, 가치귀중한, 희생가치, 귀중한-값을 있다, 불침번, 야경, 엿보다, 자지 잠그는 도구, 잠금, 채우는기구, 매기다. 않고 있다. 고정시키기. regard: 관계하다, 점, 관계, 주의, won: 원, 한국의 화폐 단위, 원의. late: 늦게, 늦은, 밤늦도록, 지난번의, 존경, 주시, 배려, 유의하다, 관심,

326

The Jungle

"I—yes, I guess so," Jurgis answered hesitatingly. He did not add that he had paid three hundred dollars, and a foreman's job, for the satisfaction of knocking down "Phil" Connor a second time.% The policeman came to the door again just then. "Come on, now," he said. "Lively!" "All right," said Marija, reaching for her hat, which was big enough to be a drum major's, and full of ostrich feathers. She went out into the hall and Jurgis followed, the policeman remaining to look under the bed and behind the door "What's going to come of this?" Jurgis asked, as they started down the steps. "The raid, you mean? Oh, nothing—it happens to us every now and then. The madame's having some sort of time with the police; I don't know what it is, but maybe they'll come to terms before morning. Anyhow, they won't do anything to you. They always let the men off." "Maybe so," he responded, "but not me—I'm afraid I'm in for it." "How do you mean?" "I'm wanted by the police," he said, lowering his voice, though of course their conversation was in Lithuanian. "They'll send me up for a year or two, I'm afraid." "Hell!" said Marija. "That's too bad. I'll see if I can't get you off." Downstairs, where the greater part of the prisoners were now massed, she sought out the stout personage with the diamond earrings, and had a few whispered words with her. The latter then approached the police sergeant who was in charge of the raid. "Billy," she said, pointing to Jurgis, "there's a fellow who came in to see his sister. He'd just got in the door when you knocked. You aren't taking hoboes, are you?" The sergeant laughed as he looked at Jurgis. "Sorry," he said, "but the orders are every one but the servants." So Jurgis slunk in among the rest of the men, who kept dodging behind each other like sheep that have smelled a wolf. There were old men and young men,

Korean add: 더하다, 가산하다, 늘다, 더해지다, 덧셈을 하다, 부언하다, 산입하다, 첨가하다, 합치다. aren't: 단축형. bad: 나쁜, 심한, 불길한, 악운, 불량한, 부정한, 시원치 않은, 악성의, 나쁘게 된, 나쁜 것, 서투른. bed: 침대, 잠자리, 자다, 취침, 고정시키다, 강바닥-재우다, 화단에 심다, 숙박, 쌓아 올리다, 판판하게 놓다, 취침 시간.

charge: 책임, 지우다, 청구하다, 짐, 충전, 비난하다, 명령, 부담시키다, 청구 금액, 명령하다, 맡은 것. conversation: 회화, 담화, 대화, 비공식 회담, 성교, 좌담, 사교, 친교. diamond: 다이아몬드, 금강석, 마름모꼴, 거칠지만 실은 훌륭한 인물, 천연 그대로의 다이아몬드, 다이아몬드 모양, 내야, 금강석제의, 금강석의, 다이아패. greater: 대.

hesitatingly: 망설이게, 주저하게, 주저하면서. hundred: 백, 다수, 많은, 많이, 굵은 설탕, 무수, 백의, 백달러, 백사람, 백의 기호, 백야드 경주. massed: 밀집한, 집중한, 한덩어리가 된. ostrich: 타조, 현실 도피자, 레아. sergeant: 경사, 수위, 하사관, 중사, 상사, 고등 변호사.

Upton Sinclair

327

college boys and gray-beards old enough to be their grandfathers; some of them wore evening dress—there was no one among them save Jurgis who showed any signs of poverty.% When the roundup was completed, the doors were opened and the party marched out. Three patrol wagons were drawn up at the curb, and the whole neighborhood had turned out to see the sport; there was much chaffing, and a universal craning of necks. The women stared about them with defiant eyes, or laughed and joked, while the men kept their heads bowed, and their hats pulled over their faces. They were crowded into the patrol wagons as if into streetcars, and then off they went amid a din of cheers. At the station house Jurgis gave a Polish name and was put into a cell with half a dozen others; and while these sat and talked in whispers, he lay down in a corner and gave himself up to his thoughts. Jurgis had looked into the deepest reaches of the social pit, and grown used to the sights in them. Yet when he had thought of all humanity as vile and hideous, he had somehow always excepted his own family. that he had loved; and now this sudden horrible discovery—Marija a whore, and Elzbieta and the children living off her shame! Jurgis might argue with himself all he chose, that he had done worse, and was a fool for caring—but still he could not get over the shock of that sudden unveiling, he could not help being sunk in grief because of it. The depths of him were troubled and shaken, memories were stirred in him that had been sleeping so long he had counted them dead. Memories of the old life—his old hopes and his old yearnings, his old dreams of decency and independence! He saw Ona again, he heard her gentle voice pleading with him. He saw little Antanas, whom he had meant to make a man. He saw his trembling old father, who had blessed them all with his wonderful love. He lived again through that day of horror when he had discovered Ona's shame— God, how he had suffered, what a madman he had been! How dreadful it had all seemed to him; and now, today, he had sat and listened, and half agreed when Marija told him he had been a fool! Yes—told him that he ought to have sold his wife's honor and lived by it!—And then there was Stanislovas and his

Korean argue: 논하다, 논쟁하다, 논증하다, 온순한. 설득하다, 입증하다, 주장하다, humanity: 인류, 인간성, 인정, 인간, 논의하다. 인문 과학, 박애, 인간임, 사람의 blessed: 축복을 받은, 행복한, 복된, 속성, 자선 행위, 라틴 문학, 인간애. 신성한, 저주받은, 축복받은, 축성된, independence: 독립, 자활할 수 있는 기쁜. 수입, 자주, 자립, 독립심, 독립해서 defiant: 도전적인, 무시하는, 무례한. 지낼 만한 수입, 독립하여 살만한 excepted: 제외되어, 예외인. 수입, 일하지 않고 살만한 수입. gentle: 온화한, 구더기, 길들이다, roundup: 검거, 총괄, 가축을 몰아 얌전한, 품위 있는, 양갓집 사람, 지체 모으기, 가축을 몰아 한데 모으기, 높은, 상냥한, 친절한, 어루만지다, 몰아 모은 가축, 몰이.

shock: 쇼크, 충격, 충격을 주다, 격돌, 충돌하다, 타격, 짚가리, 충돌, 가리다, 헝클어진 머리, 부스스한것. vile: 지독한, 빈약한, 야비한, 부도덕한, 대단히 나쁜, 하찮은, 변변찮은, 상스러운, 비열한, 몹시 나쁜, 비참한. whore: 매춘부, 매춘 행위를 하다, 매춘부와 놀다, 타락시키다, 갈보 취급하다, 암캐, 매춘하다, 사교에 빠지다.

328

The Jungle

awful%fate—that brief story which Marija had narrated so calmly, with such dull indifference! The poor little fellow, with his frostbitten fingers and his terror of the snow—his wailing voice rang in Jurgis's ears, as he lay there in the darkness, until the sweat started on his forehead. Now and then he would quiver with a sudden spasm of horror, at the picture of little Stanislovas shut up in the deserted building and fighting for his life with the rats! All these emotions had become strangers to the soul of Jurgis; it was so long since they had troubled him that he had ceased to think they might ever trouble him again. Helpless, trapped, as he was, what good did they do him—why should he ever have allowed them to torment him? It had been the task of his recent life to fight them down, to crush them out of him, never in his life would he have suffered from them again, save that they had caught him unawares, and overwhelmed him before he could protect himself. He heard the old voices of his soul, he saw its old ghosts beckoning to him, stretching out their arms to him! But they were far-off and shadowy, and the gulf between them was black and bottomless; they would fade away into the mists of the past once more. Their voices would die, and never again would he hear them—and so the last faint spark of manhood in his soul would flicker out.

Korean calmly: 고요히, 냉정하게, 태연하게, 상해를 입은, 상해를 입히다. 보호 장치를 달다, 지불 준비를 하다, 태연히, 냉정히, 온화하게, 조용하게. gulf: 만, 심연, 화방수, 큰 간격, 보호 장치를 시설하다. crush: 붐빔, 진압, 압착하다, 눌러 소용돌이, 깊은 구멍, 소용 돌이, 보통 spark: 불꽃, 구애하다, 의 도화선이 터뜨림, 과즙, 궤멸시키다, 짝패, 급제. 되다, 생기, 스파크, 불똥, 활기을 혼잡, 분쇄, 서로 밀고 들어가다, picture: 그림, 묘사하다, 사실적 묘사, 주다, 정부, 점화 장치, 연인, 색골. 무너지다. 꼭 딸은 것, 화신, 상, 상상하다, 사진, task: 직무, 혹사하다, 작업, 일을 flicker: 번득임, 깜박이는빛, 반짝임, 초상, 심상, 아름다운 것. 과하다, 일, 사업, 꾸짖다, 고된 일, 언뜻 보이다, 얼른거리다, 펄럭이다, protect: 보호하다, 막다, 지키다, 태스크, 힘드는 일, 임무. 흔들거리다, 가물거리다, 딱다구리, 어음의 지불 준비를 하다, 국내 unawares: 뜻밖에, 알지 못하고, 살랑거림, 기절하다. 산업을 보호하다, 기계에 보호 장치를 불시에, 모르는 사이에, 모르고, frostbitten: 동상에 걸린, 냉담한, 달다, 기계에 보호 장치를 시설하다, 무심히, 부지중에.

Upton Sinclair

329

CHAPTER 28

After%breakfast Jurgis was driven to the court, which was crowded with the prisoners and those who had come out of curiosity or in the hope of recognizing one of the men and getting a case for blackmail. The men were called up first, and reprimanded in a bunch, and then dismissed; but, Jurgis to his terror, was called separately, as being a suspicious-looking case. It was in this very same court that he had been tried, that time when his sentence had been "suspended"; it was the same judge, and the same clerk. The latter now stared at Jurgis, as if he half thought that he knew him; but the judge had no suspicions—just then his thoughts were upon a telephone message he was expecting from a friend of the police captain of the district, telling what disposition he should make of the case of "Polly" Simpson, as the "madame" of the house was known. Meantime, he listened to the story of how Jurgis had been looking for his sister, and advised him dryly to keep his sister in a better place; then he let him go, and proceeded to fine each of the girls five dollars, which fines were paid in a bunch from a wad of bills which Madame Polly extracted from her stocking. Jurgis waited outside and walked home with Marija. The police had left the house, and already there were a few visitors; by evening the place would be running again, exactly as if nothing had happened. Meantime, Marija took Jurgis upstairs to her room, and they sat and talked. By daylight, Jurgis was able to observe that the color on her cheeks was not the old natural one of abounding

Korean advised: 숙고한, 신중한, 곰곰이 생각한 끝의, 무분별한, 숙고한 후의. blackmail: 갈취, 공갈, 공갈하다, 약탈, 약탈을 면하려는 자에게 산적이 부과한 공납물. bunch: 송이, 다발, 혹, 한패, 융기. color: 색, 안색, 군기, 개성, 착색, 채색하다, 입장, 물들다, 윤색하다, 빛깔, 얼굴을 붉히다. crowded: 붐비는, 혼잡한, 만원의, 파란 만장의, 다사다난한, 붐비다,

장소가 가득 차서, 가득 차서. 지키다, 주시하다, 거행하다, curiosity: 호기심, 골동품, 진기함, 진술하다, 규칙 따위를 준수하다, 진기한 것, 신기함, 진기한것. 인지하다, 준수하다, 관찰에 의하여 daylight: 일광, 주간, 낮, 틈, 눈, 이해, 인지하다. 의식. stocking: 스타킹, 긴 양말, 구두를 disposition: 성질, 처리, 배치, 성향, 벗고, 긴양말, 다리털. 처분, 배열. wad: 뭉치, 작은 뭉치, 다액의 돈, dryly: 냉담하게, 건조하여, 덩어리, 채워넣는 물건, 지폐뭉치, 무미건조하게, 비꼬아서. 장전된 탄환을 고정시키는 충전물, fines: 미세한 입자들, 고운 가루. 씹고난 껌, 충전물, 작은 뭉치로 observe: 관찰하다, 소견을 말하다, 만들다, 채워넣다.

330

The Jungle

health; her complexion was in reality a parchment yellow, and there were black rings under her eyes.% "Have you been sick?" he asked. "Sick?" she said. "Hell!" (Marija had learned to scatter her conversation with as many oaths as a longshoreman or a mule driver.) "How can I ever be anything but sick, at this life?" She fell silent for a moment, staring ahead of her gloomily. "It's morphine," she said, at last. "I seem to take more of it every day." "What's that for?" he asked. "It's the way of it; I don't know why. If it isn't that, it's drink. If the girls didn't booze they couldn't stand it any time at all. And the madame always gives them dope when they first come, and they learn to like it; or else they take it for headaches and such things, and get the habit that way. I've got it, I know; I've tried to quit, but I never will while I'm here." "How long are you going to stay?" he asked. "I don't know," she said. "Always, I guess. What else could I do?" "Don't you save any money?" "Save!" said Marija. "Good Lord, no! I get enough, I suppose, but it all goes. I get a half share, two dollars and a half for each customer, and sometimes I make twenty-five or thirty dollars a night, and you'd think I ought to save something out of that! But then I am charged for my room and my meals—and such prices as you never heard of; and then for extras, and drinks—for everything I get, and some I don't. My laundry bill is nearly twenty dollars each week alone—think of that! Yet what can I do? I either have to stand it or quit, and it would be the same anywhere else. It's all I can do to save the fifteen dollars I give Elzbieta each week, so the children can go to school." Marija sat brooding in silence for a while; then, seeing that Jurgis was interested, she went on: "That's the way they keep the girls—they let them run up debts, so they can't get away. A young girl comes from abroad, and she doesn't know a word of English, and she gets into a place like this, and when she

Korean booze: 주연, 술, 술을 들이키다, 술을 많이 마시다, 폭음하다, 독한 술. complexion: 안색, 외관, 형세, 모양, 양상, 형편, 혈색, 얼굴빛, 얼굴의 살갗. dope: 미취약, 흥분제, 경마정보, 도프도료, 도프를 바르다, 도프를바르다, 내부 소식, 마약 중독자, 불순물을 첨가하다, 마약, 속여 넘기다. gloomily: 비관적으로, 우울하게,

어두운, 우울한, 울적하게, 음울한, suppose: 생각하다, 상상하다, 믿다, 어둡게. 가정하다, 을 필요 조건으로 하다, interested: 흥미를 가진, 이해 관계 상정하다, 만약...이라면, 만약, 있는, 이해 관계가 있는, 사심이 있는, 이라면, 의 가정을 필요로 하다. 타산적인, 편견을 가진, 사리에 word: 말, 약속, 단어, 이야기, 성서, 좌우된. 암호, 낱말, 하느님의 말씀, 말로 longshoreman: 부두노동자, 부두 표현하다, 기별, 기계어. 노동자, 근해 어부, 부두 인부. yellow: 황색의, 성정적인, share: 역할, 분배하다, 몫, 주, 질투심많은, 편견을 가진, 피부가 분담하다, 함께하다, 분담, 보습의 날, 누런, 겁많은, 노래지다, 황색, 의심 할당, 주식, 함께 나누다. 많은, 노랗다, 질투 많은.

Upton Sinclair

331

wants to go the madame shows her that she is a couple of hundred dollars in debt, and takes all her clothes away, and threatens to have her arrested if she doesn't stay and do as she's told. So she stays, and the longer she stays, the more in debt she gets. Often, too, they are girls that didn't know what they were coming to, that had hired out for housework. Did you notice that little French girl with the yellow hair, that stood next to me in the court?" Jurgis answered in the affirmative.% "Well, she came to America about a year ago. She was a store clerk, and she hired herself to a man to be sent here to work in a factory. There were six of them, all together, and they were brought to a house just down the street from here, and this girl was put into a room alone, and they gave her some dope in her food, and when she came to she found that she had been ruined. She cried, and screamed, and tore her hair, but she had nothing but a wrapper, and couldn't get away, and they kept her half insensible with drugs all the time, until she gave up. She never got outside of that place for ten months, and then they sent her away, because she didn't suit. I guess they'll put her out of here, too—she's getting to have crazy fits, from drinking absinthe. Only one of the girls that came out with her got away, and she jumped out of a second-story window one night. There was a great fuss about that—maybe you heard of it." "I did," said Jurgis, "I heard of it afterward." (It had happened in the place where he and Duane had taken refuge from their "country customer." The girl had become insane, fortunately for the police.) "There's lots of money in it," said Marija—"they get as much as forty dollars a head for girls, and they bring them from all over. There are seventeen in this place, and nine different countries among them. In some places you might find even more. We have half a dozen French girls—I suppose it's because the madame speaks the language. French girls are bad, too, the worst of all, except for the Japanese. There's a place next door that's full of Japanese women, but I wouldn't live in the same house with one of them." Marija paused for a moment or two, and then she added: "Most of the women here are pretty decent—you'd be surprised. I used to think they did it because

Korean absinthe: 압생트, 쓴쑥. 말다툼하다, 몸달아 설침, nine: 아홉, 아홉의, 야구팀, 아홉의 coming: 다음의, 도래, 오는, 신진의, 떠들어대는사람, 떠들게 하다, 기호, 구홀, 카드 놀이 따위의 구, 그리스도의 재림, 내방, 다가올, 떠들어대는 사람, 야단법석하는 사람, 아홉 명이 한 조가 되는 것, 아홉 명이 미래의, 유명해지기 시작한, 올, 도착. 법석을 떨게 하다, 몸달아 설치다. 한 세트가 되는 것, 아홉 개가한 조가 couple: 부부, 둘, 연결하다, 한쌍, housework: 가사. 되는 것, 아홉 개가한 세트가 되는 것. 연상하다, 얼마간, 우력, 연결되다, insensible: 무감각한, 의식이 없는, notice: 통지, 게시, 주의, 주의하다, 교미하다, 교미시키다, 결혼하다. 인사 불성의, 무관심한, 알아채리 고시, 통지하다, 언급하다, 후대, debt: 빚, 죄, 부채, 은혜, 의리, 빚진 못할 정도로, 인사불성의, 감지할수 예고, 주목하다, 통보. 것. 없는, 무신경의, 아주 적은, 감수성 window: 창, 창문, 창틀, 창을 내다, forty: 마흔, 사십. 없는, 무신경인. 장식창, 윈도, 예정기일의 차이, 실행 fuss: 야단법석, 싸움, 속타게하다, lots: 훨씬 더, 매우. 기간, 관찰할 기회, 창구.

332

The Jungle

they liked to; but fancy a woman selling herself to every kind of man that comes, old or young, black or white—and doing it because she likes to!" "Some of them say they do," said Jurgis.% "I know," said she; "they say anything. They're in, and they know they can't get out. But they didn't like it when they began—you'd find out—it's always misery! There's a little Jewish girl here who used to run errands for a milliner, and got sick and lost her place; and she was four days on the streets without a mouthful of food, and then she went to a place just around the corner and offered herself, and they made her give up her clothes before they would give her a bite to eat!" Marija sat for a minute or two, brooding somberly. "Tell me about yourself, Jurgis," she said, suddenly. "Where have you been?" So he told her the long story of his adventures since his flight from home; his life as a tramp, and his work in the freight tunnels, and the accident; and then of Jack Duane, and of his political career in the stockyards, and his downfall and subsequent failures. Marija listened with sympathy; it was easy to believe the tale of his late starvation, for his face showed it all. "You found me just in the nick of time," she said. "I'll stand by you—I'll help you till you can get some work." "I don't like to let you—" he began. "Why not? Because I'm here?" "No, not that," he said. "But I went off and left you—" "Nonsense!" said Marija. "Don't think about it. I don't blame you." "You must be hungry," she said, after a minute or two. "You stay here to lunch—I'll have something up in the room." She pressed a button, and a colored woman came to the door and took her order. "It's nice to have somebody to wait on you," she observed, with a laugh, as she lay back on the bed.

Korean can't: 못 하다. career: 생애, 직업, 질주, 성공, 경력, 직업적인, 출세, 질주하다, 경로, 행로, 쾌주하다. colored: 유색의, 색의, 흑인의, 문장을 꾸민, 착색한, 채색되어 있는, 채색한, 겉치레의, 편견이 있는, 윤색한, 과장한. don't: 금지조항서, 하지마세요. downfall: 몰락, 낙하, 멸망, 호우, 쏟아짐, 함정의 일종.

fancy: 변덕, 공상하다, 취미, 공상, 애호가들, 좋아하다, 도락, 터무니 없는, 공상력, 공상의, 애호물로 색다른 동물 등을 기르다. milliner: 부인 모자상, 여성용 모자 제조인, 여성용 모자 판매인. nice: 좋은, 훌륭한, 정밀한, 민감한, 근엄한, 어려운, 니스, 친절한, 난처한, 예쁜, 가리는 것이 많은. nick: 악마, 훔치다, 알아 맞이다, 붙잡다, 새김눈을 내다, 속이다, 꼭

알맞게, 지름길로 앞질러 가서 이기다, 새긴 금, 건강 상태, 알아맞히다. somberly: 어두컴컴하게, 칙칙하게, 우울하게, 음침하게. subsequent: 뒤의, 뒤이어일어나는. tramp: 매춘부, 부정기 화물선, 터벅터벅 걷다, 방랑자, 방랑하다, 도보 여행하다, 쿵쿵걷다, 짓밟다, 짖밟다, 긴 도보 여행, 무거운 발소리.

Upton Sinclair

333

As the prison breakfast had not been liberal, Jurgis had a good appetite, and they had a little feast together, talking meanwhile of Elzbieta and the children and old times. Shortly before they were through, there came another colored girl, with the message that the "madame" wanted Marija—"Lithuanian Mary," as they called her here.% "That means you have to go," she said to Jurgis. So he got up, and she gave him the new address of the family, a tenement over in the Ghetto district. "You go there," she said. "They'll be glad to see you." But Jurgis stood hesitating. "I—I don't like to," he said. "Honest, Marija, why don't you just give me a little money and let me look for work first?" "How do you need money?" was her reply. "All you want is something to eat and a place to sleep, isn't it?" "Yes," he said; "but then I don't like to go there after I left them—and while I have nothing to do, and while you—you—" "Go on!" said Marija, giving him a push. "What are you talking?—I won't give you money," she added, as she followed him to the door, "because you'll drink it up, and do yourself harm. Here's a quarter for you now, and go along, and they'll be so glad to have you back, you won't have time to feel ashamed. Good-by!" So Jurgis went out, and walked down the street to think it over. He decided that he would first try to get work, and so he put in the rest of the day wandering here and there among factories and warehouses without success. Then, when it was nearly dark, he concluded to go home, and set out; but he came to a restaurant, and went in and spent his quarter for a meal; and when he came out he changed his mind—the night was pleasant, and he would sleep somewhere outside, and put in the morrow hunting, and so have one more chance of a job. So he started away again, when suddenly he chanced to look about him, and found that he was walking down the same street and past the same hall where he had listened to the political speech the night 'before. There was no red fire and

Korean colored: 유색의, 색의, 흑인의, 문장을 꾸민, 착색한, 채색되어 있는, 채색한, 겉치레의, 편견이 있는, 윤색한, 과장한. decided: 단호한, 뚜렷한, 명백한, 결정적인, 결연한, 분명한. don't: 금지조항서, 하지마세요. fire: 불, 화재, 발사, 염증, 모닥불, 자극하다, 흥분시키다, 포화, 시련, 불지르다, 광채. hesitating: 주저하는, 망설이는.

liberal: 자유당원, 자유주의자, 자유주의의, 풍부한, 교양적인, 대범한, 관대한, 많은, 신사라고 하기에 알맞은, 자유주의적인, 선심 쓰는. meanwhile: 그동안, 그 동안에, 이야기는 바뀌어, 한편 이야기는 바뀌어. morrow: 아침, 이튿날, 직후. outside: 바깥쪽의, 최고의, 외관, 바깥쪽, 옥외의, 극한에 달한, 밖으로,

극한, 문밖으로, 외부, 외부의. speech: 말, 연설, 말투, 담화, 화법, 표현력, 이야기, 언어 국어 방언, 언어능력, 연설법, 말하기. success: 성공, 출세, 행운, 결과, 성공한 것. talking: 담화, 말하는, 표정이 풍부한, 수다, 수다스러운. tenement: 차지, 가옥, 보유물, 차가, 자유 보유권, 자유 보유 부동산 권, 보유 재산, 아파트.

334

The Jungle

no band now, but there was a sign out, announcing a meeting, and a stream of people pouring in through the entrance. In a flash Jurgis had decided that he would chance it once more, and sit down and rest while making up his mind what to do. There was no one taking tickets, so it must be a free show again.% He entered. There were no decorations in the hall this time; but there was quite a crowd upon the platform, and almost every seat in the place was filled. He took one of the last, far in the rear, and straightway forgot all about his surroundings. Would Elzbieta think that he had come to sponge off her, or would she understand that he meant to get to work again and do his share? Would she be decent to him, or would she scold him? If only he could get some sort of a job before he went—if that last boss had only been willing to try him! —Then suddenly Jurgis looked up. A tremendous roar had burst from the throats of the crowd, which by this time had packed the hall to the very doors. Men and women were standing up, waving handkerchiefs, shouting, yelling. Evidently the speaker had arrived, thought Jurgis; what fools they were making of themselves! What were they expecting to get out of it anyhow—what had they to do with elections, with governing the country? Jurgis had been behind the scenes in politics. He went back to his thoughts, but with one further fact to reckon with—that he was caught here. The hall was now filled to the doors; and after the meeting it would be too late for him to go home, so he would have to make the best of it outside. Perhaps it would be better to go home in the morning, anyway, for the children would be at school, and he and Elzbieta could have a quiet explanation. She always had been a reasonable person; and he really did mean to do right. He would manage to persuade her of it—and besides, Marija was willing, and Marija was furnishing the money. If Elzbieta were ugly, he would tell her that in so many words. So Jurgis went on meditating; until finally, when he had been an hour or two in the hall, there began to prepare itself a repetition of the dismal catastrophe of the night before. Speaking had been going on all the time, and the audience was clapping its hands and shouting, thrilling with excitement; and little by little the

Korean anyway: 여하튼, 어쨌든, 어떻게 해서든, 아무렇게나, 아무리 해도, 어떻게 해서든지. band: 밴드, 끈, 띠, 악대-단결하다, 일대, 일단, 취주 악단, 악대, 악단, 빛깔 줄무늬, 띠으로 묶다. decorations: 장식물. governing: 통치하는. meeting: 만남, 결투, 회전, 회합, 합류, 회견, 모임, 특수한 모임, 교차점, 교차, 조우.

reasonable: 온당한, 도리에 맞는, 사리를 아는, 정당한, 조리가 서는, 과하지 않은, 알맞은, 합리적인, 합당한, 적당한, 이성이 있는. repetition: 되풀이, 반복, 암송, 모사, 모방, 복사, 반복된 말, 복주, 복창, 사본, 재주장. roar: 으르렁거리다, 울리다, 노호, 포효, 폭소, 외치다, 노호하다, 고함치다, 반향하다, 소리쳐 말하다, 왁자그르르 웃다.

scold: 꾸짖다, 앵앵거리다, 잔소리하다, 잔소리꾼. seat: 자리, 의석, 좌석, 소재지, 예약석, 의자, 왕권, 승마자세, 왕위, 의원의 지위, 의자의 재료. sit: 앉다, 개회하다, 불다, 맞다, 타다, 착석하다, 의석을 갖다, 얹혀 있다, 착석시키다, 걸터 앉다, 출석하다. speaker: 연설자, 변사, 하원의원, 확성기, 스피커, 의장, 이야기하는 사람, 말하는 사람.

Upton Sinclair

335

sounds were beginning to blur in Jurgis's ears, and his thoughts were beginning to run together, and his head to wobble and nod. He caught himself many times, as usual, and made desperate resolutions; but the hall was hot and close, and his long walk and is dinner were too much for him—in the end his head sank forward and he went off again.% And then again someone nudged him, and he sat up with his old terrified start! He had been snoring again, of course! And now what? He fixed his eyes ahead of him, with painful intensity, staring at the platform as if nothing else ever had interested him, or ever could interest him, all his life. He imagined the angry exclamations, the hostile glances; he imagined the policeman striding toward him—reaching for his neck. Or was he to have one more chance? Were they going to let him alone this time? He sat trembling; waiting— And then suddenly came a voice in his ear, a woman's voice,gentle and sweet, "If you would try to listen, comrade, perhaps you would be interested." Jurgis was more startled by that than he would have been by the touch of a policeman. He still kept his eyes fixed ahead, and did not stir; but his heart gave a great leap. Comrade! Who was it that called him "comrade"? He waited long, long; and at last, when he was sure that he was no longer watched, he stole a glance out of the corner of his eyes at the woman who sat beside him. She was young and beautiful; she wore fine clothes, and was what is called a "lady." And she called him "comrade"! He turned a little, carefully, so that he could see her better; then he began to watch her, fascinated. She had apparently forgotten all about him, and was looking toward the platform. A man was speaking there—Jurgis heard his voice vaguely; but all his thoughts were for this woman's face. A feeling of alarm stole over him as he stared at her. It made his flesh creep. What was the matter with her, what could be going on, to affect any one like that? She sat as one turned to stone, her hands clenched tightly in her lap, so tightly that he could see the cords standing out in her wrists. There was a look of excitement upon her face, of tense effort, as of one struggling mightily, or witnessing a struggle. There was a faint quivering of her nostrils; and now and then she would moisten her lips

Korean affect: 감동시키다, 침범하다, 영향하다, 좋아하다, 체 하다, 작용하다, 정서, 즐겨 사용하다, 체하다, 에 영향을 미치다, 정태. blur: 더럽히다, 오명, 흐리게하다더러움, 더러워지다, 오점, 몽롱, 불선명, 윙윙거리는 소리, 더러움, 흐려 보이는 것, 흐리게 하다. comrade: 동무, 동지, 친구, 동료, 동료다운, 전우, 조합원. cords: 굴레, 코듀로이 바지.

ear: 귀, 청각, 경청, 보리 따위의 이삭, 귀꼴의 물건, 귓바퀴, 옥수수 열매, 옥수수열매, 귀 모양의 것, 이삭, 이삭이 패다. fixed: 부정하게 결정된, 응고된, 짬짜미의, 고정된, 내밀히 결정된, 결정된, 충분히 마련되어, 충분히 지급되어, 응고한. listen: 듣다, 따르다, 경청하다, 도청하다, 귀를 기울이다, 들리다, 들어 주다, 처럼 들리다.

mightily: 힘차게. sweet: 단 것, 사탕, 캔디, 친절한, 신선한, 상냥한, 상냥하게, 향기로운, 맛있는, 귀여운, 순조롭게. tense: 팽팽한, 긴장한, 긴장시키다, 시제, 팽팽하게 하다, 팽팽해지다, 부자연스러운. wobble: 동요, 동요하다, 떨리다, 비틀거림, 불안정, 불안정하다, 흔들리다, 흔들림, 비틀거리다, 흔들흔들하다.

336

The Jungle

with feverish haste. Her bosom rose and fell as she breathed, and her excitement seemed to mount higher and higher, and then to sink away again, like a boat tossing upon ocean surges. What was it? What was the matter? It must be something that the man was saying, up there on the platform. What sort of a man was he? And what sort of thing was this, anyhow?"—So all at once it occurred to Jurgis to look at the speaker.% It was like coming suddenly upon some wild sight of nature—a mountain forest lashed by a tempest, a ship tossed about upon a stormy sea. Jurgis had an unpleasant sensation, a sense of confusion, of disorder, of wild and meaningless uproar. The man was tall and gaunt, as haggard as his auditor himself; a thin black beard covered half of his face, and one could see only two black hollows where the eyes were. He was speaking rapidly, in great excitement; he used many gestures—he spoke he moved here and there upon the stage, reaching with his long arms as if to seize each person in his audience. His voice was deep, like an organ; it was some time, however, before Jurgis thought of the voice—he was too much occupied with his eyes to think of what the man was saying. But suddenly it seemed as if the speaker had begun pointing straight at him, as if he had singled him out particularly for his remarks; and so Jurgis became suddenly aware of his voice, trembling, vibrant with emotion, with pain and longing, with a burden of things unutterable, not to be compassed by words. To hear it was to be suddenly arrested, to be gripped, transfixed. "You listen to these things," the man was saying, "and you say, 'Yes, they are true, but they have been that way always.' Or you say, 'Maybe it will come, but not in my time—it will not help me.' And so you return to your daily round of toil, you go back to be ground up for profits in the world-wide mill of economic might! To toil long hours for another's advantage; to live in mean and squalid homes, to work in dangerous and unhealthful places; to wrestle with the specters of hunger and privation, to take your chances of accident, disease, and death. And each day the struggle becomes fiercer, the pace more cruel; each day you have to toil a little harder, and feel the iron hand of circumstance close upon you a little tighter. Months pass, years maybe—and then you come again; and again I

Korean auditor: 청강생, 감사, 방청자, 회계검사관, 듣는 사람, 회계 감사원. beard: 수염, 미늘-수염을 잡다, 공공연히 반항하다, 미늘, 에게 공공연히 반항하다, 의 수염을 꺼두르다, 까락, 턱수염, 의 수염을 잡아 뽑다, 경사면, 깎아 내다. higher: 더 높은, 고등의. longing: 갈망, 갈망하는, 사모, 고대, 고향을 몹시 그리워하고 있다, 그리움 갈망하는, 동경, 몹시 그리워하는.

meaningless: 무의미한, 뜻이 없는, 무가치한. mount: 언덕, 산, 대지, 오르다, 궁, 타다, 박다, 보석의 대좌, 붙이다, 앉히다, 포가. occupied: 점령된, 에 종사하고 있는, 가득차 있는. rapidly: 서둘러, 급속히, 신속히, 순식간에, 빠르게, 빨리. squalid: 더러운, 천한, 너저분한, 비열한, 누추한.

stormy: 폭풍우의, 소란스러운, 날씨가 험악한, 격렬한, 폭풍우 같은. tall: 과장된, 높은, 높이의, 엄청난, 키 큰, 키가 큰, 거창하게, 거창한, 긴, 많은. unutterable: 발음할 수 없는, 말도 안되는, 이루 말할 수 없는, 말로 표현할 수 없는, 철저한. vibrant: 활기찬, 유성의, 진동하는, 울려퍼지는, 유성음, 떠는, 활기에 넘치는.

Upton Sinclair

337

am %here to plead with you, to know if want and misery have yet done their work with you, if injustice and oppression have yet opened your eyes! I shall still be waiting—there is nothing else that I can do. There is no wilderness where I can hide from these things, there is no haven where I can escape them; though I travel to the ends of the earth, I find the same accursed system—I find that all the fair and noble impulses of humanity, the dreams of poets and the agonies of martyrs, are shackled and bound in the service of organized and predatory Greed! And therefore I cannot rest, I cannot be silent; therefore I cast aside comfort and happiness, health and good repute—and go out into the world and cry out the pain of my spirit! Therefore I am not to be silenced by poverty and sickness, not by hatred and obloquy, by threats and ridicule—not by prison and persecution, if they should come—not by any power that is upon the earth or above the earth, that was, or is, or ever can be created. If I fail tonight, I can only try tomorrow; knowing that the fault must be mine—that if once the vision of my soul were spoken upon earth, if once the anguish of its defeat were uttered in human speech, it would break the stoutest barriers of prejudice, it would shake the most sluggish soul to action! It would abash the most cynical, it would terrify the most selfish; and the voice of mockery would be silenced, and fraud and falsehood would slink back into their dens, and the truth would stand forth alone! For I speak with the voice of the millions who are voiceless! Of them that are oppressed and have no comforter! Of the disinherited of life, for whom there is no respite and no deliverance, to whom the world is a prison, a dungeon of torture, a tomb! With the voice of the little child who toils tonight in a Southern cotton mill, staggering with exhaustion, numb with agony, and knowing no hope but the grave! Of the mother who sews by candlelight in her tenement garret, weary and weeping, smitten with the mortal hunger of her babes! Of the man who lies upon a bed of rags, wrestling in his last sickness and leaving his loved ones to perish! Of the young girl who, somewhere at this moment, is walking the streets of this horrible city, beaten and starving, and making her choice between the brothel and the lake! With the voice of those, whoever and wherever they may be, who are caught beneath the wheels of the Juggernaut of Greed! With the voice of humanity, calling for deliverance! Of the everlasting

Korean abash: 당황케 하다, 부끄럽게 하다, 당황하게 하다, 무안하게 하다. comforter: 이불, 고무 젖꼭지, 위안을 주는 사람, 털목도리, 성령, 위안물, 위안자, 위안하는 사람, 조붓하고 긴 털실 목도리, 위안을 주는 것. falsehood: 허위, 거짓말, 잘못. fraud: 사기, 사기꾼, 협잡, 가짜, 부정 수단, 기만, 사기 행위. haven: 항구, 피난처. obloquy: 오명, 불명예, 비난, 항간의

욕, 욕설, 악평. oppression: 압박, 우울, 압제, 답답함, 고난. persecution: 종교적 박해, 종교적인 박해. predatory: 약탈하는, 타종의 동물을 잡아먹는. prejudice: 편견, 해치다, 손해, 비뚤어진 생각, 불리-편견을 갖게 하다, 손상시키다해치다, 침해, 이익 따위를 해치다, 에 편견을 가지게

하다, 권리 따위를 해치다. slink: 살금살금 걷다, 가만히 도망치다, 조산하다, 간들간들 걷다, 달 차지 못한 새끼, 달이 차지 못한, 살금살금 도망가다, 유산하다. sluggish: 느린, 게으름 피우는, 불경기인, 활발치 못한, 게으른, 기능이 둔한, 부진한. smitten: 깊이 감동된, 세게 맞은. voiceless: 목소리가 없는, 무성음의, 무성의, 벙어리의.

338

The Jungle

soul of Man, arising from the dust; breaking its way out of its prison—rending the bands of oppression and ignorance—groping its way to the light!" The speaker paused. There was an instant of silence, while men caught their breaths, and then like a single sound there came a cry from a thousand people. Through it all Jurgis sat still, motionless and rigid, his eyes fixed upon the speaker; he was trembling, smitten with wonder.% Suddenly the man raised his hands, and silence fell, and he began again. "I plead with you," he said, "whoever you may be, provided that you care about the truth; but most of all I plead with working- man, with those to whom the evils I portray are not mere matters of sentiment, to be dallied and toyed with, and then perhaps put aside and forgotten—to whom they are the grim and relentless realities of the daily grind, the chains upon their limbs, the lash upon their backs, the iron in their souls. To you, working- men! To you, the toilers, who have made this land, and have no voice in its councils! To you, whose lot it is to sow that others may reap, to labor and obey, and ask no more than the wages of a beast of burden, the food and shelter to keep you alive from day to day. It is to you that I come with my message of salvation, it is to you that I appeal. I know how much it is to ask of you—I know, for I have been in your place, I have lived your life, and there is no man before me here tonight who knows it better. I have known what it is to be a street-waif, a bootblack, living upon a crust of bread and sleeping in cellar stairways and under empty wagons. I have known what it is to dare and to aspire, to dream mighty dreams and to see them perish—to see all the fair flowers of my spirit trampled into the mire by the wild-beast powers of my life. I know what is the price that a working-man pays for knowledge—I have paid for it with food and sleep, with agony of body and mind, with health, almost with life itself; and so, when I come to you with a story of hope and freedom, with the vision of a new earth to be created, of a new labor to be dared, I am not surprised that I find you sordid and material, sluggish and incredulous. That I do not despair is because I know also the forces that are driving behind you—because I know the raging lash of poverty, the sting of contempt and mastership, 'the insolence of office and the spurns.' Because I feel

Korean aspire: 치솟다, 올라가다, 갈망하다, 동경하다, 솟아 오르다, 열망하다. bootblack: 구두닦이. freedom: 자유, 특권, 면제, 자유독립, 해면, 자유사용권, 자유 자재, 솔직함, 뛰어난 승차감, 제멋대로 함, 해방되어 있음. insolence: 오만, 무례, 거만함, 건방진, 건방진태도, 거만. obey: 복종하다, 시키는대로 움직이다, 명령대로 복종하다, 에 복종하다.

portray: 묘사하다, 표현하다, 의 구세, 구제물. 그림을 그리다, 그리다, 연기를 하다, sow: 암퇘지, 뿌리다, 에 씨를 뿌리다, 풍경을 그리다, 인물을 그리다. 퍼뜨리다, 흩 뿌리다, 씨를 뿌리다, 의 poverty: 가난, 결핍, 불모, 빈약. 원인을 뿌리다, 선철이 흐르는 길, 의 reap: 베다, 획득하다, 베어들이다, 씨를 뿌리다, 쥐며느리, 원인을 수확하다, 받다, 얻다, 거두다, 보답 뿌리다. 따위를 받다. sting: 찌르다, 찌르기, 자극하다, rigid: 엄격한, 강직한, 엄정한, 굳은, 속이다, 격통, 가시, 얼얼하다, 고통, 완고한, 엄숙한, 정밀한, 엄밀한, 바늘이 돋치다, 엄청난 값을 부르다, 불굴의, 딱딱한, 단단한. 빈정거림. salvation: 구제, 구조, 구조자, 구원,

Upton Sinclair

339

sure %that in the crowd that has come to me tonight, no matter how many may be dull and heedless, no matter how many may have come out of idle curiosity, or in order to ridicule—there will be some one man whom pain and suffering have made desperate, whom some chance vision of wrong and horror has startled and shocked into attention. And to him my words will come like a sudden flash of lightning to one who travels in darkness—revealing the way before him, the perils and the obstacles—solving all problems, making all difficulties clear! The scales will fall from his eyes, the shackles will be torn from his limbs—he will leap up with a cry of thankfulness, he will stride forth a free man at last! A man delivered from his self-created slavery! A man who will never more be trapped—whom no blandishments will cajole, whom no threats will frighten; who from tonight on will move forward, and not backward, who will study and understand, who will gird on his sword and take his place in the army of his comrades and brothers. Who will carry the good tidings to others, as I have carried them to him—priceless gift of liberty and light that is neither mine nor his, but is the heritage of the soul of man! Working-men, working-men— comrades! open your eyes and look about you! You have lived so long in the toil and heat that your senses are dulled, your souls are numbed; but realize once in your lives this world in which you dwell—tear off the rags of its customs and conventions—behold it as it is, in all its hideous nakedness! Realize it, realize it! Realize that out upon the plains of Manchuria tonight two hostile armies are facing each other—that now, while we are seated here, a million human beings may be hurled at each other's throats, striving with the fury of maniacs to tear each other to pieces! And this in the twentieth century, nineteen hundred years since the Prince of Peace was born on earth! Nineteen hundred years that his words have been preached as divine, and here two armies of men are rending and tearing each other like the wild beasts of the forest! Philosophers have reasoned, prophets have denounced, poets have wept and pleaded—and still this hideous Monster roams at large! We have schools and colleges, newspapers and books; we have searched the heavens and the earth, we have weighed and probed and reasoned—and all to equip men to destroy each other! We call it War, and pass it by—but do not put me off with platitudes and conventions—

Korean cajole: 부추기다, 감언이설, 구워삶다, 선사하다, 선사하다부여하다, 증여, 감언 이설로 속이다, 그럴듯한 말로 천부의 재능, 천부. 속이다. gird: 조롱, 허리에 차다, 허리띠로 delivered: 인도의. 졸라매다, 주다, 을 허리에 두르다, divine: 비범한, 신성한, 신의, 몸에 붙이다, 둘러싸다, 조롱하다, 종교적인, 성직자, 예언하다, 신성의, 차다, 허리띠로 졸라 매다, 둘러 싸다. 신수의, 알아채다, 점치다, 신학자. liberty: 자유, 멋대로함, 자유구역, equip: 장비하다, 갖추다, 꾸미다, 방종, 시효로 얻은 특권, 칙허로 얻은 준비하다, 갖추게 하다, 갖추어 주다, 특권, 특권, 할 자유. 채비를 해주다. nakedness: 결핍, 벌거숭이 노출이 gift: 선물, 재능, 천분, 부여하다, 있는 그대로임, 벌거숭이.

nineteen: 열아홉, 십구, 십구의. plains: 평지, 야지. reasoned: 사리에 맞는, 상세한 이유를 붙인, 도리에 입각한, 숙고한 끝의. scales: 저울. shocked: 어안이 벙벙한, 얼떨떨한, 충격을 받은. sword: 검, 무력, 전쟁, 칼, 총검. thankfulness: 감사하는 마음, 감사. twentieth: 스무번째, 제20, 이십분의, 제이십, 제이십의.

340

The Jungle

come %with me, come with me—realize it! See the bodies of men pierced by bullets, blown into pieces by bursting shells! Hear the crunching of the bayonet, plunged into human flesh; hear the groans and shrieks of agony, see the faces of men crazed by pain, turned into fiends by fury and hate! Put your hand upon that piece of flesh—it is hot and quivering—just now it was a part of a man! This blood is still steaming—it was driven by a human heart! Almighty God! and this goes on—it is systematic, organized, premeditated! And we know it, and read of it, and take it for granted; our papers tell of it, and the presses are not stopped—our churches know of it, and do not close their doors—the people behold it, and do not rise up in horror and revolution! "Or perhaps Manchuria is too far away for you—come home with me then, come here to Chicago. Here in this city to-night ten thousand women are shut up in foul pens, and driven by hunger to sell their bodies to live. And we know it, we make it a jest! And these women are made in the image of your mothers, they may be your sisters, your daughters; the child whom you left at home tonight, whose laughing eyes will greet you in the morning—that fate may be waiting for her! To-night in Chicago there are ten thousand men, homeless and wretched, willing to work and begging for a chance, yet starving, and fronting in terror the awful winter cold! Tonight in Chicago there are a hundred thousand children wearing out their strength and blasting their lives in the effort to earn their bread! There are a hundred thousand mothers who are living in misery and squalor, struggling to earn enough to feed their little ones! There are a hundred thousand old people, cast off and helpless, waiting for death to take them from their torments! There are a million people, men and women and children, who share the curse of the wage-slave; who toil every hour they can stand and see, for just enough to keep them alive; who are condemned till the end of their days to monotony and weariness, to hunger and misery, to heat and cold, to dirt and disease, to ignorance and drunkenness and vice! And then turn over the page with me, and gaze upon the other side of the picture. There are a thousand—ten thousand, maybe—who are the masters of these slaves, who own their toil. They do nothing to earn what they receive, they do not even have to ask for it—it comes to them of itself, their only care is to dispose of it. They live in palaces,

Korean bayonet: 총검, 무력, 총검무장병, 총검으로 죽이다, 총검으로 찌르다. blown: 핀, 숨을 헐떡이는, 파리가 알을 슨, 부푼, 불어서 만든. crazed: 발광한, 빙렬이 나게 구운. foul: 반칙, 엉클어진, 더럽히다, 더러운, 더러워지다, 반칙하다, 꽉막힌, 악취있는, 충돌하다, 반칙의, 엉클어지다. heat: 열, 뜨거워지다, 발정, 노력, 더위, 흥분, 상기, 열심, 클라이맥스,

뜨겁게 하다, 따뜻해지다. image: 상, 영상, 심상, 전형, 조상, 초상, 화상, 상징, 이미지, 모습, 표상. pain: 고통, 아픔, 형벌, 애쓰다, 고뇌, 괴로움, 고생한 값으로, 고생, 에게 고통을 주다, 아프다, 벌. premeditated: 미리 생각한. revolution: 혁명, 회전, 주기, 운행, 공전, 선회, 회귀, 공전주기, 대변혁, 변혁, 격변. strength: 힘, 저항력, 강도, 병력, 농도,

효력, 강하기, 의지, 힘이 되는 것, 을 의지하여, 강점. systematic: 조직적인, 규칙바른, 정연한, 분류법의, 계획적인. weariness: 권태, 싫증, 피로. wearing: 입을 수 있는, 지치게 하는, 입도록 지어진, 착용하도록 만들어진, 닳게 하는, 닳은, 닳는. wretched: 나쁜, 불운한, 지독한, 비참한, 야비한, 아주 불쾌한, 서툰.

Upton Sinclair

341

they %riot in luxury and extravagance—such as no words can describe, as makes the imagination reel and stagger, makes the soul grow sick and faint. They spend hundreds of dollars for a pair of shoes, a handkerchief, a garter; they spend millions for horses and automobiles and yachts, for palaces and banquets, for little shiny stones with which to deck their bodies. Their life is a contest among themselves for supremacy in ostentation and recklessness, in the destroying of useful and necessary things, in the wasting of the labor and the lives of their fellow creatures, the toil and anguish of the nations, the sweat and tears and blood of the human race! It is all theirs—it comes to them; just as all the springs pour into streamlets, and the streamlets into rivers, and the rivers into the oceans—so, automatically and inevitably, all the wealth of society comes to them. The farmer tills the soil, the miner digs in the earth, the weaver tends the loom, the mason carves the stone; the clever man invents, the shrewd man directs, the wise man studies, the inspired man sings—and all the result, the products of the labor of brain and muscle, are gathered into one stupendous stream and poured into their laps! The whole of society is in their grip, the whole labor of the world lies at their mercy—and like fierce wolves they rend and destroy, like ravening vultures they devour and tear! The whole power of mankind belongs to them, forever and beyond recall—do what it can, strive as it will, humanity lives for them and dies for them! They own not merely the labor of society, they have bought the governments; and everywhere they use their raped and stolen power to intrench themselves in their privileges, to dig wider and deeper the channels through which the river of profits flows to them!—And you, workingmen, workingmen! You have been brought up to it, you plod on like beasts of burden, thinking only of the day and its pain—yet is there a man among you who can believe that such a system will continue forever—is there a man here in this audience tonight so hardened and debased that he dare rise up before me and say that he believes it can continue forever; that the product of the labor of society, the means of existence of the human race, will always belong to idlers and parasites, to be spent for the gratification of vanity and lust—to be spent for any purpose whatever, to be at the disposal of any individual will whatever—that somehow, somewhere, the labor of humanity will not belong to

Korean devour: 탐독하다, 멸망시키다, ostentation: 자랑해 보임, 과시, 허영, 개걸스럽게 먹다, 먹어치우다, 겉치레하기. 개걸스럽게먹다, 이성을 빼앗다, plod: 그 발소리, 터덕거리다, 꾸준히 게걸스레 먹다. 일하다, 무거운 발걸음으로 거다, digs: 하숙. 무거운 발걸음으로 걷다, 터벅터벅 garter: 가터 훈장, 양말 대님, 양말 걷다, 무거운 걸은으로 걷다, 무거운 대님으로 동이다, 가터 훈위를 듯한, 부지런히 일하다, 터벅터벅 수여하다. 걷는. intrench: 참호로 에워싸다, 자기 몸을 ravening: 먹이를 찾아다니는, 지키다. 탐욕스러운, 게걸스럽게 먹는, miner: 지뢰 공병, 갱부, 광산 업자. 탐욕스런.

recklessness: 무모, 무분별. reel: 얼레, 릴, 비틀거리다, 잣다, 감는 틀, 실패, 술술, 실을 뽑다, 얼레에 감다, 현기증 얼레에 감다, 현기증나다. rend: 쪼개지다, 째지다, 강탈하다, 비틀어 떼다, 찢다, 찌르다, 분열시키다, 쥐어 뜯다, 괴롭히다, 떼어놓다, 산란하게 하다. weaver: 짜는 사람, 직조공, 산까치 무리.

342

The Jungle

humanity, %to be used for the purposes of humanity, to be controlled by the will of humanity? And if this is ever to be, how is it to be—what power is there that will bring it about? Will it be the task of your masters, do you think—will they write the charter of your liberties? Will they forge you the sword of your deliverance, will they marshal you the army and lead it to the fray? Will their wealth be spent for the purpose—will they build colleges and churches to teach you, will they print papers to herald your progress, and organize political parties to guide and carry on the struggle? Can you not see that the task is your task— yours to dream, yours to resolve, yours to execute? That if ever it is carried out, it will be in the face of every obstacle that wealth and mastership can oppose—in the face of ridicule and slander, of hatred and persecution, of the bludgeon and the jail? That it will be by the power of your naked bosoms, opposed to the rage of oppression! By the grim and bitter teaching of blind and merciless affliction! By the painful gropings of the untutored mind, by the feeble stammerings of the uncultured voice! By the sad and lonely hunger of the spirit; by seeking and striving and yearning, by heartache and despairing, by agony and sweat of blood! It will be by money paid for with hunger, by knowledge stolen from sleep, by thoughts communicated under the shadow of the gallows! It will be a movement beginning in the far-off past, a thing obscure and unhonored, a thing easy to ridicule, easy to despise; a thing unlovely, wearing the aspect of vengeance and hate—but to you, the working-man, the wage-slave, calling with a voice insistent, imperious—with a voice that you cannot escape, wherever upon the earth you may be! With the voice of all your wrongs, with the voice of all your desires; with the voice of your duty and your hope—of everything in the world that is worth while to you! The voice of the poor, demanding that poverty shall cease! The voice of the oppressed, pronouncing the doom of oppression! The voice of power, wrought out of suffering—of resolution, crushed out of weakness—of joy and courage, born in the bottomless pit of anguish and despair! The voice of Labor, despised and outraged; a mighty giant, lying prostrate— mountainous, colossal, but blinded, bound, and ignorant of his strength. And now a dream of resistance haunts him, hope battling with fear; until suddenly he stirs, and a fetter snaps—and a thrill shoots through him, to the farthest ends of

Korean bludgeon: 곤봉, 강제로 시키다, 곤봉으로 때리다, 괴롭히다, 몽둥이로 치다. despise: 경멸하다. doom: 운명짓다, 운명, 선고하다, 죽음, 파멸, 최후의 심판, 재판, 판정하다, 법령. farthest: 가장먼, 가장멀리, 가장 먼, 가장 멀리. fetter: 차꼬, 차꼬를 채우사, 속박하다, 족쇄, 족쇄를 채우다.

gallows: 교수대, 바지 멜빵, 교수형, 교수대 모양의 것. obstacle: 장애, 장애물. outraged: 윤리 따위를 어기는, 에게 폭행하는, 어기는, 법률 따위를 어기는, 격분시키는. pronouncing: 발음, 발음의, 발표, 선언, 발음을 표시하는. ridicule: 비웃다, 비웃음, 조소, 조롱, 놀림, 조롱거리, 조소하다, 웃음거리. slander: 중상하다, 비훼하다, 중상,

구두 명예 훼손. uncultured: 교양이 없는, 개간되어 있지 않은, 교양 없는, 개간하지 않은, 경작하지 않은. unhonored: 존경받지 못하는. unlovely: 사랑스럽지 않은, 불쾌한, 추한, 못생긴, 싫은, 귀엽지 않은. untutored: 소박한, 교육 받지않은, 교사에게 배우지 않은, 무무한, 교육 받지 않은, 교육에 의하지 않고 자연히 갖추어진.

Upton Sinclair

343

his huge body, and in a flash the dream becomes an act! He starts, he lifts himself; and the bands are shattered, the burdens roll off him—he rises— towering, gigantic; he springs to his feet, he shouts in his newborn exultation— "% And the speaker's voice broke suddenly, with the stress of his feelings; he stood with his arms stretched out above him, and the power of his vision seemed to lift him from the floor. The audience came to its feet with a yell; men waved their arms, laughing aloud in their excitement. And Jurgis was with them, he was shouting to tear his throat; shouting because he could not help it, because the stress of his feeling was more than he could bear. It was not merely the man's words, the torrent of his eloquence. It was his presence, it was his voice: a voice with strange intonations that rang through the chambers of the soul like the clanging of a bell—that gripped the listener like a mighty hand about his body, that shook him and startled him with sudden fright, with a sense of things not of earth, of mysteries never spoken before, of presences of awe and terror! There was an unfolding of vistas before him, a breaking of the ground beneath him, an upheaving, a stirring, a trembling; he felt himself suddenly a mere man no longer—there were powers within him undreamed of, there were demon forces contending, agelong wonders struggling to be born; and he sat oppressed with pain and joy, while a tingling stole down into his finger tips, and his breath came hard and fast. The sentences of this man were to Jurgis like the crashing of thunder in his soul; a flood of emotions surged up in him—all his old hopes and longings, his old griefs and rages and despairs. All that he had ever felt in his whole life seemed to come back to him at once, and with one new emotion, hardly to be described. That he should have suffered such oppressions and such horrors was bad enough; but that he should have been crushed and beaten by them, that he should have submitted, and forgotten, and lived in peace—ah, truly that was a thing not to be put into words, a thing not to be borne by a human creature, a thing of terror and madness! "What," asks the prophet, "is the murder of them that kill the body, to the murder of them that kill the soul?" And Jurgis was a man whose soul had been murdered, who had ceased to hope and to struggle—who had made terms with degradation and despair; and now,

Korean agelong: 영속하는. chambers: 독신자용 셋방, 판사실, 변호사 사무실. degradation: 좌천, 격하, 타락, 침식, 저하, 면직, 분해, 저락, 하락, 퇴보, 파면. eloquence: 웅변, 웅변술, 웅변법, 유창한 이야기, 유창한 화술. listener: 경청자, 청취자. newborn: 갓태어난, 신생아, 갓난, 신생의, 부활한, 재생한, 마음을

고쳐먹은, 다시 태어난. 진실로, 충실히. prophet: 예언자, 예언서, 신의 뜻을 undreamed: 꿈에도 생각하지 않은. 알리는 사람, 구약 성서의 예언서, yell: 아우성치다, 큰소리로 외치다, 마호메트, 대변자, 사물을 예지하는 포복 절도하다, 폭소하다, 찢어지는 사람, 주의 따위의 대변자. 듯한 소리를 내다, 소리치다, stirring: 감동시키는, 붐비는, 활발한, 큰소리를 지르다, 자기 편 선수 활약하는. 응원의 일정한 함성, 응원에서 …에게 torrent: 연발, 분류, 억수같이 쏟아짐, 일정한 함성을 보내다, 외침, 외쳐 억수, 급류. 말하다. truly: 참으로, 정확히, 바르게, 성실히, 정확하게, 사실을 말하자면, 정말로,

344

The Jungle

suddenly, in one awful convulsion, the black and hideous fact was made plain to him! There was a falling in of all the pillars of his soul, the sky seemed to split above him—he stood there, with his clenched hands upraised, his eyes bloodshot, and the veins standing out purple in his face, roaring in the voice of a wild beast, frantic, incoherent, maniacal. And when he could shout no more he still stood there, gasping, and whispering hoarsely to himself: "By God! By God! By God!"%

Korean beast: 짐승, 가축, 짐승 같은 놈, 식용 소, 동물, 짐승 같은 사람, 축생, 네발짐승. bloodshot: 충혈된. convulsion: 격동, 웃음의 발작, 경련, 동란, 이변, 포복 절도, 동요, 경기, 변동. frantic: 심히 흥분한, 미친, 광란의, 심히흥분한, 황급한, 굉장한, 미친 사람 같은. gasping: 숨결이 가쁜, 경련하는,

헐떡거리는. 호화로운-자주빛이 되게하다, 고위. hideous: 오싹해지는, 끔찍한, 무서운, roaring: 떠들썩한, 포효, 활발한, 섬뜩한, 보기만 해도 무서운. 으르렁거림, 술마시며 떠드는, 소리, hoarsely: 목이 쉬어, 떠들석하게. 경기가 좋은, 굉음, 극도로, 노호하는, incoherent: 점착력이없는, 흐트러진, 굉굉히 울리는. 지리 멸렬의, 조리가 서지 않는, shout: 외침, 외치다, 승부는 났다, 조리가 맞지 않는, 모순된, 논리가 소리침, 소리치다, 부르짓다, 떠들어 일관되지 않는, 일관되지 않은. 대다, 고함치다, 큰소리로 말하다, purple: 화려한, 제왕의, 자줏빛, 왕위, 한턱낼 차례, 큰소리. 호화로운, 자주빛의, 고위-자주빛의, whispering: 속삭임, 속삭이는. 자주빛이 되게하다, 자줏빛의,

Upton Sinclair

CHAPTER

345

%29

The man had gone back to a seat upon the platform, and Jurgis realized that his speech was over. The applause continued for several minutes; and then some one started a song, and the crowd took it up, and the place shook with it. Jurgis had never heard it, and he could not make out the words, but the wild and wonderful spirit of it seized upon him—it was the "Marseillaise!" As stanza after stanza of it thundered forth, he sat with his hands clasped, trembling in every nerve. He had never been so stirred in his life—it was a miracle that had been wrought in him. He could not think at all, he was stunned; yet he knew that in the mighty upheaval that had taken place in his soul, a new man had been born. He had been torn out of the jaws of destruction, he had been delivered from the thraldom of despair; the whole world had been changed for him—he was free, he was free! Even if he were to suffer as he had before, even if he were to beg and starve, nothing would be the same to him; he would understand it, and bear it. He would no longer be the sport of circumstances, he would be a man, with a will and a purpose; he would have something to fight for, something to die for, if need be! Here were men who would show him and help him; and he would have friends and allies, he would dwell in the sight of justice, and walk arm in arm with power. The audience subsided again, and Jurgis sat back. The chairman of the meeting came forward and began to speak. His voice sounded thin and futile

Korean applause: 찬성, 박수갈채, 칭찬, 박수 갈채. chairman: 위원장, 의장, 사회자, 주임 교수, 환자용 의자를 미는 사람, 사회하다, 회장직을 맡다, 사장, 가마꾼, 학과장, 의장직을 맡다. circumstances: 사정, 상황, 환경. forward: 앞으로, 전방의, 회송하다, 급진적인, 촉진하다, 발송하다, 진보적인, 앞에, 철 이른, 전방으로의, 조숙한.

jaws: 입 부분, 좁다란 입구. justice: 재판관, 정의, 정당, 재판, 공정, 적법, 당연한 응보, 법의 시행, 타당, 공평, 사법. purpose: 목적, 의도, 의지, 효과, 의의, 잘, 하려고 생각하다, 결심, 계획하다, 의도하다, 용도. spirit: 기분, 기질, 정신, 영혼, 사람, 생기, 유령, 알코올, 인물, 시대정신, 신. thraldom: 노예의 신분, 속박, 노역,

노예의 상태. understand: 이해하다, 의 의미로 해석하다, 추측하다, 정통하다, 전해듣고 있다, 이해력이 있다, 생각하다, 마음 속에서 보충하다, 들어서 알다, 들어서 알고 있다, 알다. upheaval: 대변동, 융기, 밀어 올림, 들어올림, 솟아르다, 밀어, 환성 등의 격번. wonderful: 이상한, 놀라운, 굉장한, 훌륭한.

346

The Jungle

after the other's, and to Jurgis it seemed a profanation. Why should any one else speak, after that miraculous man—why should they not all sit in silence? The chairman was explaining that a collection would now be taken up to defray the expenses of the meeting, and for the benefit of the campaign fund of the party. Jurgis heard; but he had not a penny to give, and so his thoughts went elsewhere again.% He kept his eyes fixed on the orator, who sat in an armchair, his head leaning on his hand and his attitude indicating exhaustion. But suddenly he stood up again, and Jurgis heard the chairman of the meeting saying that the speaker would now answer any questions which the audience might care to put to him. The man came forward, and some one—a woman—arose and asked about some opinion the speaker had expressed concerning Tolstoy. Jurgis had never heard of Tolstoy, and did not care anything about him. Why should any one want to ask such questions, after an address like that? The thing was not to talk, but to do; the thing was to get bold of others and rouse them, to organize them and prepare for the fight! But still the discussion went on, in ordinary conversational tones, and it brought Jurgis back to the everyday world. A few minutes ago he had felt like seizing the hand of the beautiful lady by his side, and kissing it; he had felt like flinging his arms about the neck of the man on the other side of him. And now he began to realize again that he was a "hobo," that he was ragged and dirty, and smelled bad, and had no place to sleep that night! And so, at last, when the meeting broke up, and the audience started to leave, poor Jurgis was in an agony of uncertainty. He had not thought of leaving—he had thought that the vision must last forever, that he had found comrades and brothers. But now he would go out, and the thing would fade away, and he would never be able to find it again! He sat in his seat, frightened and wondering; but others in the same row wanted to get out, and so he had to stand up and move along. As he was swept down the aisle he looked from one person to another, wistfully; they were all excitedly discussing the address—but there was nobody who offered to discuss it with him. He was near enough to the door to feel the night air, when desperation seized him. He knew nothing at all about

Korean aisle: 좌석.객차등의 통로, 복도, 측량, 측랑, 측랑이 있는, 측면의 복도, 통로. armchair: 안락의자, 실제 경험에 의하지 않은, 경험에 의하지 않은. attitude: 자세, 태도, 배행자세, 몸가짐, 비행 자세, 비행자세, 애티튜드, 의견. conversational: 회화체의, 이야기 잘하는, 회화의, 이야기하기 좋아하는, 좌담식의, 좌담을 잘하는.

defray: 지불하다, 부담하다. discuss: 토론하다, 상의하다, 토론자, 논하다, 음미하다, 맛있게 먹다, 서로 이야기하다, 서로 이약기하다, 심의하다, 즐기며 먹다, 논의하다. elsewhere: 어딘가딴곳에, 어떤 딴곳으로, 어떤 딴곳에, 어떤 딴곳에서. expenses: 소요 경비. kissing: 키스하는. miraculous: 기적적인, 놀랄만한,

불가사의한. profanation: 모독, 신성을 더럽히기. rouse: 각성, 격려하다, 날아오르게하다, 일어나다, 술판, 일으키다, 성나게 하다, 분발, 잠이 깨다, 휘젓다, 고무하다. row: 젓다, 거리, 열, 줄, 소동, 법석, 말다툼하다, 가로수, 노젓기, 떠들다, 배를 젓다. wistfully: 바라는 듯이.

Upton Sinclair

347

that%speech he had heard, not even the name of the orator; and he was to go away—no, no, it was preposterous, he must speak to some one; he must find that man himself and tell him. He would not despise him, tramp as he was! So he stepped into an empty row of seats and watched, and when the crowd had thinned out, he started toward the platform. The speaker was gone; but there was a stage door that stood open, with people passing in and out, and no one on guard. Jurgis summoned up his courage and went in, and down a hallway, and to the door of a room where many people were crowded. No one paid any attention to him, and he pushed in, and in a corner he saw the man he sought. The orator sat in a chair, with his shoulders sunk together and his eyes half closed; his face was ghastly pale, almost greenish in hue, and one arm lay limp at his side. A big man with spectacles on stood near him, and kept pushing back the crowd, saying, "Stand away a little, please; can't you see the comrade is worn out?" So Jurgis stood watching, while five or ten minutes passed. Now and then the man would look up, and address a word or two to those who were near him; and, at last, on one of these occasions, his glance rested on Jurgis. There seemed to be a slight hint of inquiry about it, and a sudden impulse seized the other. He stepped forward. "I wanted to thank you, sir!" he began, in breathless haste. "I could not go away without telling you how much—how glad I am I heard you. I—I didn't know anything about it all—" The big man with the spectacles, who had moved away, came back at this moment. "The comrade is too tired to talk to any one—" he began; but the other held up his hand. "Wait," he said. "He has something to say to me." And then he looked into Jurgis's face. "You want to know more about Socialism?" he asked. Jurgis started. "I—I—" he stammered. "Is it Socialism? I didn't know. I want to know about what you spoke of—I want to help. I have been through all that." "Where do you live?" asked the other.

Korean attention: 주의, 친절, 정중, 정중한, 보살핌, 주의력, 고려, 응급치료, 배려, 처리, 차려 자세. greenish: 초록빛이 도는. guard: 망보다, 차장, 방어 자세, 지키다, 보호자, 감시하다, 파수병, 경계, 근위대, 흙받기, 난로의 불어리. hint: 암시, 변죽울리기, 넌지시 비추다, 암시하다, 힌트, 지시, 년지시 비치다, 넌지시알리다, 귀뜸, 요령, 희미한 징조.

inquiry: 문의, 연구, 질문, 조회, 조사, 소문, 객담, 이야기, 담화, 언어, 빈말, 탐구, 심리, 취조, 물어보기. 방언, 말투. please: 부디, 기쁘게 하다, 하고 telling: 효과적인, 현저한, 인상적인, 싶어하다, 만족시키다, 제발, 의 드러내는, 뚜렷한, 유효한, 현저한 마음에 들다, 좋아하다, 남의 마음에 이야기하기, 감정을 나타내는, 말함, 들다, 제발-기뻐하다, 아무쪼록, 이야기함. 기뻐하다. thank: 감사하다, 괜찮습니다, 감사, stage: 단계, 무대, 역, 연단, 역마차, 사의, 사례, 아 주시오, 아니오, 여정, 연극, 상연하다, 배우업, 역참, 자업자득일세, 미리 감사하다. 상연에 알맞다. talk: 말하다, 지껄이다, 의논하다,

348

The Jungle

"I%have no home," said Jurgis, "I am out of work." "You are a foreigner, are you not?" "Lithuanian, sir." The man thought for a moment, and then turned to his friend. "Who is there, Walters?" he asked. "There is Ostrinski—but he is a Pole—" "Ostrinski speaks Lithuanian," said the other. "All right, then; would you mind seeing if he has gone yet?" The other started away, and the speaker looked at Jurgis again. He had deep, black eyes, and a face full of gentleness and pain. "You must excuse me, comrade," he said. "I am just tired out—I have spoken every day for the last month. I will introduce you to some one who will be able to help you as well as I could—" The messenger had had to go no further than the door, he came back, followed by a man whom he introduced to Jurgis as "Comrade Ostrinski." Comrade Ostrinski was a little man, scarcely up to Jurgis's shoulder, wizened and wrinkled, very ugly, and slightly lame. He had on a long-tailed black coat, worn green at the seams and the buttonholes; his eyes must have been weak, for he wore green spectacles that gave him a grotesque appearance. But his handclasp was hearty, and he spoke in Lithuanian, which warmed Jurgis to him. "You want to know about Socialism?" he said. "Surely. Let us go out and take a stroll, where we can be quiet and talk some." And so Jurgis bade farewell to the master wizard, and went out. Ostrinski asked where he lived, offering to walk in that direction; and so he had to explain once more that he was without a home. At the other's request he told his story; how he had come to America, and what had happened to him in the stockyards, and how his family had been broken up, and how he had become a wanderer. So much the little man heard, and then he pressed Jurgis's arm tightly. "You have been through the mill, comrade!" he said. "We will make a fighter out of you!"

Korean explain: 설명하다, 변명하다, 덧붙이기, 해석하다, 허사, 욕설, 군더더기, 해명하다. gentleness: 친절, 온순, 과격하지 않음, 온화함, 상냥함, 부드러움, 안은, 정다움. grotesque: 그로테스크풍, 터무니 없는, 우스운, 기괴한, 고딕체, 괴기미, 그로테스크 무늬의, 그로테스크풍의, 괴기한. handclasp: 악수.

introduce: 도입하다, 소개하다, 끼워넣다, 제출하다, 초보를 가르치다, 안내하다, 처음으로 경험하게 하다, 처음으로 수입하다, 이끌다, 처음으로 경험시키다, 인도하다. lithuanian: 리투아니아의, 리투아니아 사람, 리투아니아 말, 리투아니아 사람의, 리투아니아 어의. offering: 헌금, 봉납, 헌납, 선물, 제의, 신청, 제공, 봉납물, 연보, 매출, 제공

작품. request: 수요, 요구, 간청, 요청하다, 바라다, 청구물, 요청, 소원, 의뢰, 청원서, 청구. slightly: 조금, 약간, 약하게. wanderer: 돌아다니는 사람, 방랑자, 헤매는 사람. wizard: 굉장한, 마술사, 천재, 천재적인, 귀재, 마법사, 성현, 마법의, 놀라운 재능를 가진 사람, 놀라운 솜씨를 가진 사람, 놀라운.

Upton Sinclair

349

Then Ostrinski in turn explained his circumstances. He would have asked Jurgis to his home—but he had only two rooms, and had no bed to offer. He would have given up his own bed, but his wife was ill. Later on, when he understood that otherwise Jurgis would have to sleep in a hallway, he offered him his kitchen floor, a chance which the other was only too glad to accept. "Perhaps tomorrow we can do better," said Ostrinski. "We try not to let a comrade starve."% Ostrinski's home was in the Ghetto district, where he had two rooms in the basement of a tenement. There was a baby crying as they entered, and he closed the door leading into the bedroom. He had three young children, he explained, and a baby had just come. He drew up two chairs near the kitchen stove, adding that Jurgis must excuse the disorder of the place, since at such a time one's domestic arrangements were upset. Half of the kitchen was given up to a workbench, which was piled with clothing, and Ostrinski explained that he was a "pants finisher." He brought great bundles of clothing here to his home, where he and his wife worked on them. He made a living at it, but it was getting harder all the time, because his eyes were failing. What would come when they gave out he could not tell; there had been no saving anything—a man could barely keep alive by twelve or fourteen hours' work a day. The finishing of pants did not take much skill, and anybody could learn it, and so the pay was forever getting less. That was the competitive wage system; and if Jurgis wanted to understand what Socialism was, it was there he had best begin. The workers were dependent upon a job to exist from day to day, and so they bid against each other, and no man could get more than the lowest man would consent to work for. And thus the mass of the people were always in a life-and-death struggle with poverty. That was "competition," so far as it concerned the wage-earner, the man who had only his labor to sell; to those on top, the exploiters, it appeared very differently, of course—there were few of them, and they could combine and dominate, and their power would be unbreakable. And so all over the world two classes were forming, with an unbridged chasm between them—the capitalist class, with its enormous fortunes, and the proletariat, bound into slavery by unseen chains. The latter were a thousand to one in numbers, but

Korean chasm: 단절, 빈 틈, 차이, 공백, 균열, domestic: 국내의, 하인, 가정적인, 금, 깊게 갈라진 틈, 깊게 갈라진 폭, 하녀, 길들여진, 국산의, 결함, 깊은 구렁, 넓은 틈. 가정에충실한, 가정내의, 가사의, combine: 결합시키다, 겸하다, 가정의, 길든. 기업합동, 연합, 결합하다, 콤바인, dominate: 지배하다, 위압하다, 화합시키다, 도당, 아우르다, 우뚝솟다, 우세하다, 억제하다, 우뚝 아울러가지다, 연합시키다. 솟다, 우위를 차지다, 지배력을 competitive: 경쟁적인, 경쟁의, 발휘하다, 억누르다, 빼어나게 솟다. 경쟁에 의한. finishing: 최후의, 끝손질의, consent: 동의, 동의하다, 승낙하다, 마무리의, 끝손질의 최후의 손질, 승낙, 동의자, 찬성하다, 일치. 마무리 손질.

forming: 형성, 편성, 연합군 부대. pants: 바지, 드로즈, 속바지, 팬츠, 팬티. proletariat: 무산 계급, 최하층 사회, 프롤레타리아트, 노동 사회, 하충 사회. unbreakable: 깨지지않는. wage-earner: 임금 생활자. workbench: 작업대.

350

The Jungle

they were ignorant and helpless, and they would remain at the mercy of their exploiters until they were organized—until they had become "class-conscious." It was a slow and weary process, but it would go on—it was like the movement of a glacier, once it was started it could never be stopped. Every Socialist did his share, and lived upon the vision of the "good time coming,"—when the working class should go to the polls and seize the powers of government, and put an end to private property in the means of production. No matter how poor a man was, or how much he suffered, he could never be really unhappy while he knew of that future; even if he did not live to see it himself, his children would, and, to a Socialist, the victory of his class was his victory. Also he had always the progress to encourage him; here in Chicago, for instance, the movement was growing by leaps and bounds. Chicago was the industrial center of the country, and nowhere else were the unions so strong; but their organizations did the workers little good, for the employers were organized, also; and so the strikes generally failed, and as fast as the unions were broken up the men were coming over to the Socialists.% Ostrinski explained the organization of the party, the machinery by which the proletariat was educating itself. There were "locals" in every big city and town, and they were being organized rapidly in the smaller places; a local had anywhere from six to a thousand members, and there were fourteen hundred of them in all, with a total of about twenty-five thousand members, who paid dues to support the organization. "Local Cook County," as the city organization was called, had eighty branch locals, and it alone was spending several thousand dollars in the campaign. It published a weekly in English, and one each in Bohemian and German; also there was a monthly published in Chicago, and a cooperative publishing house, that issued a million and a half of Socialist books and pamphlets every year. All this was the growth of the last few years—there had been almost nothing of it when Ostrinski first came to Chicago. Ostrinski was a Pole, about fifty years of age. He had lived in Silesia, a member of a despised and persecuted race, and had taken part in the proletarian movement in the early seventies, when Bismarck, having conquered France, had

Korean eighty: 여든. 이름도 없는 존재, 무명, 별볼일 없는. encourage: 조장하다, organization: 조직, 체제, 단체, 편성, 기운을북돋아주다, 격려하다, 용기를 구성, 기구, 당무 위원, 당무 위원회, 북돋우다, 장려하다, 기운을 생물체, 정당의 당무 위원, 정당의 북돋우다. 당무 위원회. fifty: 쉰개, 오십인. progress: 진보, 전진, 진행, 발달하다, glacier: 빙하. 전진하다, 전진시키다, 진보하다, monthly: 월경, 매달의, 월간 잡지, 공적 여행, 발달, 국왕 등의 공적 월1회의, 월 일 회탑, 한 달에 한 여행, 향상하다. 번의, 월간 간행물. proletarian: 프롤레타리아, nowhere: 시시한, 어딘지 모르는 곳, 프롤레타리아의.

publishing: 출판업, 출판업의, 출판, 출판의. race: 인종, 특징, 경주하다, 경주, 경쟁, 운행, 질주하다, 자손, 품종, 여울, 헛돌다. seventies: 칠십의 기호, 칠십세, 칠십, 칠십년대, 칠십대. victory: 승리, 승리의 여신, 정복. weekly: 매주의, 매주, 주간지, 주간지 잡지, 일주 일회의, 주 1회의, 주1회, 주간지 신문, 주마다.

Upton Sinclair

351

turned his policy of blood and iron upon the "International." Ostrinski himself had twice been in jail, but he had been young then, and had not cared. He had had more of his share of the fight, though, for just when Socialism had broken all its barriers and become the great political force of the empire, he had come to America, and begun all over again. In America every one had laughed at the mere idea of Socialism then—in America all men were free. As if political liberty made wage slavery any the more tolerable! said Ostrinski.% The little tailor sat tilted back in his stiff kitchen chair, with his feet stretched out upon the empty stove, and speaking in low whispers, so as not to waken those in the next room. To Jurgis he seemed a scarcely less wonderful person than the speaker at the meeting; he was poor, the lowest of the low, hungerdriven and miserable—and yet how much he knew, how much he had dared and achieved, what a hero he had been! There were others like him, too—thousands like him, and all of them workingmen! That all this wonderful machinery of progress had been created by his fellows—Jurgis could not believe it, it seemed too good to be true. That was always the way, said Ostrinski; when a man was first converted to Socialism he was like a crazy person—he could not' understand how others could fail to see it, and he expected to convert all the world the first week. After a while he would realize how hard a task it was; and then it would be fortunate that other new hands kept coming, to save him from settling down into a rut. Just now Jurgis would have plenty of chance to vent his excitement, for a presidential campaign was on, and everybody was talking politics. Ostrinski would take him to the next meeting of the branch local, and introduce him, and he might join the party. The dues were five cents a week, but any one who could not afford this might be excused from paying. The Socialist party was a really democratic political organization—it was controlled absolutely by its own membership, and had no bosses. All of these things Ostrinski explained, as also the principles of the party. You might say that there was really but one Socialist principle—that of "no compromise," which was the essence of the proletarian movement all over the world. When a Socialist was elected to office he voted

Korean campaign: 운동, 유세, 종군하다, 종군, 권유, 회전, 출정하다, 출정, 전쟝, 군사행동, 운동을 일으키다. convert: 횡령하다, 개종자, 바꾸다, 추가 득점을 하다, 추가 득점이 되다, 차환하다, 전환하다, 변화하다, 변하게 하다, 개심시키다, 개심자. converted: 전환된, 개장한, 개종한. democratic: 민주적인, 민주주의의, 민주 정체의, 민주 주의의, 민주당의, 평민적인.

empire: 제국, 절대 지배권, 대영제국, 왕국, 제 일프랑스 제국 시대풍의, 제왕의 주권. essence: 정, 정수, 본질, 향수, 에센스, 실체, 엑스, 실재. everybody: 누구나, 각사람, 각자 모두, 누구든지. low: 낮은 것, 낮은, 싸게, 낮게, 저기압, 저지의, 저조의, 움매하고 울다, 소의 울음소리, 푸대접하여, 침울한.

membership: 회원수, 일원임, 회원 자격, 회원임, 단체 구성원의 총수, 사원임, 의원임, 회원. settling: 앙금, 침전물, 식민, 결정, 내려앉음, 고정, 맑아짐. tailor: 재봉사, 양복점을 경영하다, 짓다, 양복장이, 옷이 날개, 양복을 짓다, 맞추어 만들다, 재단사. tolerable: 참을수 있는, 상당한, 참을 수 있는, 웬만한, 꽤 건강한.

352

The Jungle

with old party legislators for any measure that was likely to be of help to the working class, but he never forgot that these concessions, whatever they might be, were trifles compared with the great purpose—the organizing of the working class for the revolution. So far, the rule in America had been that one Socialist made another Socialist once every two years; and if they should maintain the same rate they would carry the country in 1912—though not all of them expected to succeed as quickly as that.% The Socialists were organized in every civilized nation; it was an international political party, said Ostrinski, the greatest the world had ever known. It numbered thirty million of adherents, and it cast eight million votes. It had started its first newspaper in Japan, and elected its first deputy in Argentina; in France it named members of cabinets, and in Italy and Australia it held the balance of power and turned out ministries. In Germany, where its vote was more than a third of the total vote of the empire, all other parties and powers had united to fight it. It would not do, Ostrinski explained, for the proletariat of one nation to achieve the victory, for that nation would be crushed by the military power of the others; and so the Socialist movement was a world movement, an organization of all mankind to establish liberty and fraternity. It was the new religion of humanity—or you might say it was the fulfillment of the old religion, since it implied but the literal application of all the teachings of Christ. Until long after midnight Jurgis sat lost in the conversation of his new acquaintance. It was a most wonderful experience to him—an almost supernatural experience. It was like encountering an inhabitant of the fourth dimension of space, a being who was free from all one's own limitations. For four years, now, Jurgis had been wondering and blundering in the depths of a wilderness; and here, suddenly, a hand reached down and seized him, and lifted him out of it, and set him upon a mountain-top, from which he could survey it all—could see the paths from which he had wandered, the morasses into which he had stumbled, the hiding places of the beasts of prey that had fallen upon him. There were his Packingtown experiences, for instance—what was there

Korean cabinets: 캐비닛. deputy: 대리, 대표자, 사절, 대리자, 하원 의원, 대리인. dimension: 치수, 차원, 용적, 규모, 크기, 특질, 넓이. establish: 입증하다, 설립하다, 확증하다, 확립하다, 제정하다, 개업시키다, 기반을 잡게하다, 안정된 지위에 놓이게 하다, 앉히다, 정하다, 인정하다. fraternity: 동업자들, 형제간, 우애

조합, 친목회, 협동 단체, 동호자들, 남학생 사교 클럽, 우애회. fulfillment: 달성, 수행, 실행, 이행. implied: 함축된, 은연중의, 언외의, 암시적인. inhabitant: 주민, 거주자, 서식동물. literal: 정확한, 문자의, 오자, 문자 그대로의, 문자그대로의, 문자 그대로 생각하는, 오식, 융통성 없는, 문자그대로생각하는, 문자 그대로 정확한, 문자대로의.

maintain: 유지하다, 계속하다, 지지하다, 지속하다, 주장하다, 부양하다, 간수하다, 지탱하다, 건사하다, 후원하다, 옹호하다. mankind: 남성, 인간, 인류. nation: 민족, 국민, 국가, 전인류, 부족 연합, 종족, 세계의 여러국민, 이방인, 부족. supernatural: 초자연의, 불가사의한, 초자연적인 힘, 신의 조화.

Upton Sinclair

353

about %Packingtown that Ostrinski could not explain! To Jurgis the packers had been equivalent to fate; Ostrinski showed him that they were the Beef Trust. They were a gigantic combination of capital, which had crushed all opposition, and overthrown the laws of the land, and was preying upon the people. Jurgis recollected how, when he had first come to Packingtown, he had stood and watched the hog-killing, and thought how cruel and savage it was, and come away congratulating himself that he was not a hog; now his new acquaintance showed him that a hog was just what he had been—one of the packers' hogs. What they wanted from a hog was all the profits that could be got out of him; and that was what they wanted from the workingman, and also that was what they wanted from the public. What the hog thought of it, and what he suffered, were not considered; and no more was it with labor, and no more with the purchaser of meat. That was true everywhere in the world, but it was especially true in Packingtown; there seemed to be something about the work of slaughtering that tended to ruthlessness and ferocity—it was literally the fact that in the methods of the packers a hundred human lives did not balance a penny of profit. When Jurgis had made himself familiar with the Socialist literature, as he would very quickly, he would get glimpses of the Beef Trust from all sorts of aspects, and he would find it everywhere the same; it was the incarnation of blind and insensate Greed. It was a monster devouring with a thousand mouths, trampling with a thousand hoofs; it was the Great Butcher—it was the spirit of Capitalism made flesh. Upon the ocean of commerce it sailed as a pirate ship; it had hoisted the black flag and declared war upon civilization. Bribery and corruption were its everyday methods. In Chicago the city government was simply one of its branch offices; it stole billions of gallons of city water openly, it dictated to the courts the sentences of disorderly strikers, it forbade the mayor to enforce the building laws against it. In the national capital it had power to prevent inspection of its product, and to falsify government reports; it violated the rebate laws, and when an investigation was threatened it burned its books and sent its criminal agents out of the country. In the commercial world it was a Juggernaut car; it wiped out thousands of businesses every year, it drove men to madness and suicide. It had forced the price of cattle

Korean corruption: 부패, 타락, 전와, 순수성 상실, 개악, 매수, 폐풍, 퇴폐, 부정, 변조, 독직. devouring: 열렬한, 게걸스레 먹는, 열중시키는, 맹렬한, 사람을 괴롭히는, 탐하듯이. enforce: 실시하다, 강요하다, 억지로 시키다, 강력히 주장하다, 시행하다. falsify: 위조하다, 저버리다, 속이다, 거짓임을 증명하다, 거짓임을증명하다, 의 거짓임을

입증하다, 거짓말하다, 어긋나다, 의 잘못임을 입증하다. incarnation: 구체화, 화신, 권화, 실현, 육신을 입으심, 육아발생, 육체를 부여함, 인간화, 육체를 부여하기, 강생. insensate: 무정한, 어리석은, 머리가 둔한, 감각이 없는, 감각 없는, 비정의, 이성이 결여된, 무감각의. pirate: 약탈하다, 해적, 침해자, 저작권을 침해하다, 훔치는 사람,

약탈자, 저작권, 해적짓을 하다, 해적질하다, 약탈자-해적짓을 하다, 표절자. purchaser: 사는 사람, 구매자. rebate: 할인, 환불, 리베이트, 할인하다, 감소, 일부 환불, 무디게하다, 리베이트를 주다, 감소하다, 감소시키다, 환불하다. ruthlessness: 냉혹, 무정, 무자비. suicide: 자살자, 자살, 자멸, 자살적 행위, 자살하다, 죽이다.

354

The Jungle

so %low as to destroy the stock-raising industry, an occupation upon which whole states existed; it had ruined thousands of butchers who had refused to handle its products. It divided the country into districts, and fixed the price of meat in all of them; and it owned all the refrigerator cars, and levied an enormous tribute upon all poultry and eggs and fruit and vegetables. With the millions of dollars a week that poured in upon it, it was reaching out for the control of other interests, railroads and trolley lines, gas and electric light franchises—it already owned the leather and the grain business of the country. The people were tremendously stirred up over its encroachments, but nobody had any remedy to suggest; it was the task of Socialists to teach and organize them, and prepare them for the time when they were to seize the huge machine called the Beef Trust, and use it to produce food for human beings and not to heap up fortunes for a band of pirates. It was long after midnight when Jurgis lay down upon the floor of Ostrinski's kitchen; and yet it was an hour before he could get to sleep, for the glory of that joyful vision of the people of Packingtown marching in and taking possession of the Union Stockyards!

Korean electric: 전기의, 두근거리는, 전기 장치의, 전기, 전기장치의, 전기성의, 전기에 관한, 전기 같은, 전격적인. fruit: 과일, 자손, 결과, 생산물, 소산, 과실, 에 열매를 맺게하다, 열매를 맺다, 과일이 생기다, 수확물, 수확. gas: 가스, 기체, 가스를 내다, 서두르다, 가솔린, 허풍, 웃음가스, 가스로 중독 시키다, 독가스를 뿌리다, 독가스, 객적은 소리. glory: 장관, 기뻐하다, 영광, 후광,

명예, 번영, 죽다, 송영, 자랑하다, 찬미, 성조기. joyful: 즐거운, 유쾌한, 기쁜. leather: 가죽, 가죽 끈으로 때리다, 가죽제품, 가죽을 씌우다, 가죽 제품, 가죽으로 만든, 가죽의, 사람의 피부, 피부, 가죽을 무두질하다. lines: 벌과, 단시, 윤곽. machine: 기계, 자전거, 기계적으로 일하는 사람, 타이프라이터, 인쇄기계, 자동차, 지도부, 비행기,

기구, 기관, 초자연의 인물. poultry: 가금, 닭, 오리 따위, 칠면조, 식료품으로서의 가금, 폴트리가, 가금의 고기, 식료품으로서의 가금의 고기. suggest: 암시하다, 제안하다, 연상시키다, 넌지시 비추다, 말을꺼내다, 생각나게 하다. tremendously: 무시무시하게, 굉장히, 엄청나게, 아주. vegetables: 야채.

Upton Sinclair

CHAPTER

355

%30

Jurgis had breakfast with Ostrinski and his family, and then he went home to Elzbieta. He was no longer shy about it—when he went in, instead of saying all the things he had been planning to say, he started to tell Elzbieta about the revolution! At first she thought he was out of his mind, and it was hours before she could really feel certain that he was himself. When, however, she had satisfied herself that he was sane upon all subjects except politics, she troubled herself no further about it. Jurgis was destined to find that Elzbieta's armor was absolutely impervious to Socialism. Her soul had been baked hard in the fire of adversity, and there was no altering it now; life to her was the hunt for daily bread, and ideas existed for her only as they bore upon that. All that interested her in regard to this new frenzy which had seized hold of her son-in-law was whether or not it had a tendency to make him sober and industrious; and when she found he intended to look for work and to contribute his share to the family fund, she gave him full rein to convince her of anything. A wonderfully wise little woman was Elzbieta; she could think as quickly as a hunted rabbit, and in half an hour she had chosen her life-attitude to the Socialist movement. She agreed in everything with Jurgis, except the need of his paying his dues; and she would even go to a meeting with him now and then, and sit and plan her next day's dinner amid the storm.

Korean adversity: 역경, 불행한 일, 불행. armor: 갑옷, 철갑, 기갑부대, 투구, 갑주, 방호복, 방호기관, 장갑, 기갑 부대, 기갑, 갑옷을 입히다. convince: 확신시키다, 납득시키다, 수긍하게하다. impervious: 통하지 않는, 영향 받지 않는, 둔감한, 무감각한, 손상되지 않는, 을 받아들아지 않는, 통과시키지 않는, 불침투성의, 견디는.

industrious: 근면한, 부지런한, 애쓰는. intended: 고의의, 약혼자, 계획된, 미래의, 의도된, 미래의 남편, 예정된. planning: 계획, 평면 계획, 계획화, 특히 경제적 계획, 사회적 계획. rabbit: 토끼, 토끼의 모피, 서투른 경기자, 집토끼, 겁쟁이, 토끼 고기, 토끼 사냥을 하다, 저주하다, 불평을 털어 놓다, 뱅충맞이, 토끼 사냥하다. rein: 고삐, 제어하다, 자유를 주다,

억제, 속력을 늦추다, 그만두다, 권력, 고삐로 다루다, 제어의 수단, 견제, 보통 가죽으로 만든 고삐. sane: 제정신의, 합리적인, 분별이 있는, 건전한. satisfied: 만족한, 흡족한. shy: 뒷걸음질, 내성적인, 냉소, 겁많은, 부족한, 조심성 많은, 놀라 물러서다, 홱 던지다, 을 의심하다, 수줍다, 을 피하다. son-in-law: 사위.

356

The Jungle

For a week after he became a convert Jurgis continued to wander about all day, looking for work; until at last he met with a strange fortune. He was passing one of Chicago's innumerable small hotels, and after some hesitation he concluded to go in. A man he took for the proprietor was standing in the lobby, and he went up to him and tackled him for a job.% "What can you do?" the man asked. "Anything, sir," said Jurgis, and added quickly: "I've been out of work for a long time, sir. I'm an honest man, and I'm strong and willing—" The other was eying him narrowly. "Do you drink?" he asked. "No, sir," said Jurgis. "Well, I've been employing a man as a porter, and he drinks. I've discharged him seven times now, and I've about made up my mind that's enough. Would you be a porter?" "Yes, sir." "It's hard work. You'll have to clean floors and wash spittoons and fill lamps and handle trunks—" "I'm willing, sir." "All right. I'll pay you thirty a month and board, and you can begin now, if you feel like it. You can put on the other fellow's rig." And so Jurgis fell to work, and toiled like a Trojan till night. Then he went and told Elzbieta, and also, late as it was, he paid a visit to Ostrinski to let him know of his good fortune. Here he received a great surprise, for when he was describing the location of the hotel Ostrinski interrupted suddenly, "Not Hinds's!" "Yes," said Jurgis, "that's the name." To which the other replied, "Then you've got the best boss in Chicago—he's a state organizer of our party, and one of our best-known speakers!"

Korean board: 마분지, 식탁, 식사, 평의원회, 판지, 위원회, 식사하다, 회의, 증권거래소-널을대다, 널판, 대판. innumerable: 무수한, 셀수 없는, 이루 셀 수 없는. lobby: 로비, 복도, 의원, 현관의 홀, 원외 운동자, 의원에게 공작을 하다, 원외로부터의 운동, 현관 홀, 의회의 로비에서 운동하다, 운동하여 통과시키려고 하다, 운동하여 통과시키다.

location: 위치, 로케이션, 야외촬영, sir: 님, 경, 이봐, 나리, 각위, 여러분, 야외 촤영, 야외 촤영지, 위치의 선정. 선생님, 씨, 에게 씨라고 부르다, organizer: 조직자, 형성체, 주최자, 근계, 직업 앞에 붙이는 남자의 경칭. 서류 정리 케이스, 창시자, 발기인, surprise: 기습, 놀람, 놀라게 하다, 조직책, 분류 서류철, 창립 위원. 불시의 공격, 불시에 습격하다, 현행 porter: 문지기, 운반인, 흑맥주, 중에 붙잡다, 놀라운 일, 뜻밖의, 특등차의 사환, 관리인, 짐꾼. 시키다, 불시에 쳐서, 놀라운 사건. seven: 일곱, 칠, 일곱 번째, 일곱 명, visit: 방문하다, 왕진하다, 체재하다, 일곱 번째의 사람, 일곱 시, 일곱개 한 시찰가다, 손님으로 가다, 방문, 조의 것, 일곱명 한 조의 것, 칠의, 닥치다, 당하게 하다, 문병하다, 칠의 기호, 일곱 번째의 물건. 구경가다, 왕진.

Upton Sinclair

357

So the next morning Jurgis went to his employer and told him; and the man seized him by the hand and shook it. "By Jove!" he cried, "that lets me out. I didn't sleep all last night because I had discharged a good Socialist!" So, after that, Jurgis was known to his "boss" as "Comrade Jurgis," and in return he was expected to call him "Comrade Hinds." "Tommy" Hinds, as he was known to his intimates, was a squat little man, with broad shoulders and a florid face, decorated with gray side whiskers. He was the kindest-hearted man that ever lived, and the liveliest—inexhaustible in his enthusiasm, and talking Socialism all day and all night. He was a great fellow to jolly along a crowd, and would keep a meeting in an uproar; when once he got really waked up, the torrent of his eloquence could be compared with nothing save Niagara.% Tommy Hinds had begun life as a blacksmith's helper, and had run away to join the Union army, where he had made his first acquaintance with "graft," in the shape of rotten muskets and shoddy blankets. To a musket that broke in a crisis he always attributed the death of his only brother, and upon worthless blankets he blamed all the agonies of his own old age. Whenever it rained, the rheumatism would get into his joints, and then he would screw up his face and mutter: "Capitalism, my boy, capitalism! 'Ecrasez l'infame!'" He had one unfailing remedy for all the evils of this world, and he preached it to every one; no matter whether the person's trouble was failure in business, or dyspepsia, or a quarrelsome mother-in-law, a twinkle would come into his eyes and he would say, "You know what to do about it—vote the Socialist ticket!" Tommy Hinds had set out upon the trail of the Octopus as soon as the war was over. He had gone into business, and found himself in competition with the fortunes of those who had been stealing while he had been fighting. The city government was in their hands and the railroads were in league with them, and honest business was driven to the wall; and so Hinds had put all his savings into Chicago real estate, and set out singlehanded to dam the river of graft. He had been a reform member of the city council, he had been a Greenbacker, a Labor Unionist, a Populist, a Bryanite—and after thirty years of fighting, the year 1896 had served to convince him that the power of concentrated wealth could never

Korean capitalism: 자본주의, 자본의 집중. dam: 댐, 어미 짐승, 막다, 저지하다, 어미, 아이 딸리나 여자, 둑으로 막다-둑으로 막다, 둑으로 막다, 에 댐을 만들다. dyspepsia: 소화불량. employer: 고용주. helper: 조수, 지지자, 조력자, 거드는 사람, 위안자, 원조자, 돕는사람, 구조자, 협력자, 돕는 사람. jolly: 즐거운, 대단한, 놀리다, 대단히,

얼근한 기분의, 유쾌한, 치살려서 기쁘게 하다, 엄청한, 매우, 멋진, 거나하게 취한. mother-in-law: 시어머니, 장모. musket: 머스켓 총, 구식 보병총. singlehanded: 한손의, 단독의. squat: 웅크리다, 웅크리기, 펄썩 앉다, 쭈린 자세, 쭈그리다, 공유지에 무단히 거주하다, 땅딸막한, 쪼그리고 앉은, 땅에 엎드리다, 불법 점거 건조물, 쪼그려 앉히다.

twinkle: 빤짝 빤짝 빛나다, 깜짝임, 깜빡할 사이, 빤짝임, 순간, 반짝하고 빛내다, 반짝반짝 빛나다, 반짝거림, 경쾌하게 움직이다, 경쾌한 움직임, 깜빡거림. unfailing: 신뢰할 수 있는, 틀림이 없는, 끊임 없는, 다함 없는, 절대 확실한. whiskers: 구레나룻. worthless: 가치 없는, 아무짝에도 못 쓸.

358

The Jungle

be%controlled, but could only be destroyed. He had published a pamphlet about it, and set out to organize a party of his own, when a stray Socialist leaflet had revealed to him that others had been ahead of him. Now for eight years he had been fighting for the party, anywhere, everywhere—whether it was a G.A.R. reunion, or a hotel-keepers' convention, or an Afro-American businessmen's banquet, or a Bible society picnic, Tommy Hinds would manage to get himself invited to explain the relations of Socialism to the subject in hand. After that he would start off upon a tour of his own, ending at some place between New York and Oregon; and when he came back from there, he would go out to organize new locals for the state committee; and finally he would come home to rest—and talk Socialism in Chicago. Hinds's hotel was a very hot-bed of the propaganda; all the employees were party men, and if they were not when they came, they were quite certain to be before they went away. The proprietor would get into a discussion with some one in the lobby, and as the conversation grew animated, others would gather about to listen, until finally every one in the place would be crowded into a group, and a regular debate would be under way. This went on every night—when Tommy Hinds was not there to do it, his clerk did it; and when his clerk was away campaigning, the assistant attended to it, while Mrs. Hinds sat behind the desk and did the work. The clerk was an old crony of the proprietor's, an awkward, rawboned giant of a man, with a lean, sallow face, a broad mouth, and whiskers under his chin, the very type and body of a prairie farmer. He had been that all his life—he had fought the railroads in Kansas for fifty years, a Granger, a Farmers' Alliance man, a "middle-of-the-road" Populist. Finally, Tommy Hinds had revealed to him the wonderful idea of using the trusts instead of destroying them, and he had sold his farm and come to Chicago. That was Amos Struver; and then there was Harry Adams, the assistant clerk, a pale, scholarly-looking man, who came from Massachusetts, of Pilgrim stock. Adams had been a cotton operative in Fall River, and the continued depression in the industry had worn him and his family out, and he had emigrated to South Carolina. In Massachusetts the percentage of white illiteracy is eight-tenths of one per cent, while in South Carolina it is thirteen and six-tenths per cent; also in South Carolina there is a property qualification for voters—and for these and

Korean animated: 싱싱한, 기운찬, 살아있는, 생기가 있는. banquet: 연회, 향을을 받다, 향연향응하다, 연회 대접을 받다, 연회를 베풀어 대접하다. crony: 친구, 다정한친구, 단짝, 벗. illiteracy: 무식, 문맹, 잘못말하기, 글자를 읽고 쓸줄 모름, 틀리게 말함, 틀리게 씀. operative: 일하는, 직공, 탐정, 효력있는, 수술의, 운전하는, 효험이

있는, 활동하는, 실효가 있는, reunion: 재결합, 친목회, 재회, 움직이는, 작업의. 동창회, 재결합동. pamphlet: 팸플릿, 팸플릿을 쓰는 sallow: 누르스름한, 땅버들, 창백하게 사람, 소논문. 하다, 혈색이 나쁜, 버드나무속의 picnic: 피크닉, 피크닉식으로 식사를 식물, 누르스름한 색이 되게 되다, 하다, 소풍, 즐거운 일, 쉬운 일, 누르스름한 빛깔, 누르스름한 색이 소풍가다, 쉬운 일-소풍가다, 소풍을 되게 하다. 가다, 특별히 즐거운 일, 각자 먹을 stray: 길을 잃다, 길 잃은, 길 잃은 음식을 지참하는 연회. 가축, 드문, 뿔뿔이 흩어진, 일행에서 populist: 인민당원. 뒤처진, 방황하다, 못된 길로 빠지다, rawboned: 빼빼 마른, 앙상한, 깡마른. 집잃은 아이, 헤매다, 고립한.

Upton Sinclair

359

other%reasons child labor is the rule, and so the cotton mills were driving those of Massachusetts out of the business. Adams did not know this, he only knew that the Southern mills were running; but when he got there he found that if he was to live, all his family would have to work, and from six o'clock at night to six o'clock in the morning. So he had set to work to organize the mill hands, after the fashion in Massachusetts, and had been discharged; but he had gotten other work, and stuck at it, and at last there had been a strike for shorter hours, and Harry Adams had attempted to address a street meeting, which was the end of him. In the states of the far South the labor of convicts is leased to contractors, and when there are not convicts enough they have to be supplied. Harry Adams was sent up by a judge who was a cousin of the mill owner with whose business he had interfered; and though the life had nearly killed him, he had been wise enough not to murmur, and at the end of his term he and his family had left the state of South Carolina—hell's back yard, as he called it. He had no money for carfare, but it was harvesttime, and they walked one day and worked the next; and so Adams got at last to Chicago, and joined the Socialist party. He was a studious man, reserved, and nothing of an orator; but he always had a pile of books under his desk in the hotel, and articles from his pen were beginning to attract attention in the party press. Contrary to what one would have expected, all this radicalism did not hurt the hotel business; the radicals flocked to it, and the commercial travelers all found it diverting. Of late, also, the hotel had become a favorite stopping place for Western cattlemen. Now that the Beef Trust had adopted the trick of raising prices to induce enormous shipments of cattle, and then dropping them again and scooping in all they needed, a stock raiser was very apt to find himself in Chicago without money enough to pay his freight bill; and so he had to go to a cheap hotel, and it was no drawback to him if there was an agitator talking in the lobby. These Western fellows were just "meat" for Tommy Hinds—he would get a dozen of them around him and paint little pictures of "the System." Of course, it was not a week before he had heard Jurgis's story, and after that he would not have let his new porter go for the world. "See here," he would say, in the middle of an argument, "I've got a fellow right here in my place who's worked there and

Korean agitator: 교반기, 선동자, 선동가, 정치운동가. articles: 도제 살이 계약, 계약, 도제 계약. cousin: 사촌, 같은 계통의 것, 친척, 경, 친한 친구, 봉, 사촌간, 얼간이, 일가, 종자, 종형. drawback: 약점, 장애, 핸디캡, 환부, 결점, 공제, 환불금. dropping: 낙하, 강하, 낙하물, 촛농, 듣기, 똑똑 떨어짐, 똥, 방울져

떨어지는것, 적하, 탈모, 투하. induce: 야기하다, 유도하다, 권유하다, 귀납하다, 일으키다, 인공적으로 출산시키다, 인공적으로 일으키다, 유발하다, 설득하여..시키다, 인공분만하다, 인공분만을 하다. leased: 땅을 임차하는, 임대하는, 임차하는, 땅을 임대하는. radicalism: 급진주의, 근본으로부터 생각하기.

raiser: 사육자, 올리는 사람, 부양구, 보풀을 세우는 직공, 효모, 일으키는 사람. reserved: 보류한, 제한된, 예비의, 수줍은, 예약한, 지정의, 전세낸, 운명지어진, 말수가 적은, 사양하는, 수줍어하는. studious: 애쓰는, 열심인, 공부하는, 주의 깊은, 공부 좋아하는, 신중한, 학문에 정진하는.

360

The Jungle

seen every bit of it!" And then Jurgis would drop his work, whatever it was, and come, and the other would say, "Comrade Jurgis, just tell these gentlemen what you saw on the killing-beds." At first this request caused poor Jurgis the most acute agony, and it was like pulling teeth to get him to talk; but gradually he found out what was wanted, and in the end he learned to stand up and speak his piece with enthusiasm. His employer would sit by and encourage him with exclamations and shakes of the head; when Jurgis would give the formula for "potted ham," or tell about the condemned hogs that were dropped into the "destructors" at the top and immediately taken out again at the bottom, to be shipped into another state and made into lard, Tommy Hinds would bang his knee and cry, "Do you think a man could make up a thing like that out of his head?"% And then the hotel-keeper would go on to show how the Socialists had the only real remedy for such evils, how they alone "meant business" with the Beef Trust. And when, in answer to this, the victim would say that the whole country was getting stirred up, that the newspapers were full of denunciations of it, and the government taking action against it, Tommy Hinds had a knock-out blow all ready. "Yes," he would say, "all that is true—but what do you suppose is the reason for it? Are you foolish enough to believe that it's done for the public? There are other trusts in the country just as illegal and extortionate as the Beef Trust: there is the Coal Trust, that freezes the poor in winter—there is the Steel Trust, that doubles the price of every nail in your shoes—there is the Oil Trust, that keeps you from reading at night—and why do you suppose it is that all the fury of the press and the government is directed against the Beef Trust?" And when to this the victim would reply that there was clamor enough over the Oil Trust, the other would continue: "Ten years ago Henry D. Lloyd told all the truth about the Standard Oil Company in his Wealth versus Commonwealth; and the book was allowed to die, and you hardly ever hear of it. And now, at last, two magazines have the courage to tackle 'Standard Oil' again, and what happens? The newspapers ridicule the authors, the churches defend the criminals, and the

Korean acute: 격렬한, 급성의, 날카로운, 뾰족한, 예민한, 빈틈없는, 예각, 예, 격렬하다, 고통스러운, 예리한. bang: 갑자기, 강타, 주입시키다, 쾅 닫다, 탁하고, 탕 발사하다, 강타하는 소리, 돌연한 음악, 모두, 원기쿵쿵치다, 성교하다. defend: 변호하다, 지키다, 방위하다, 방어하다, 답변하다, 항변하다, 옹호하다. directed: 규제된, 유도된, 지시받은.

doubles: 더블스. enthusiasm: 열광, 열의, 열중, 열심, 열중시키는 것, 종교적 열광. extortionate: 엄청난, 강요하는, 터무니없는, 폭리의, 과대한, 강탈하는. illegal: 불법의, 불법의비합법적인, 불법입국자, 위법의. knee: 무릎, 무릎으로 대다, 무릎모양의 것, 무릎 모양의 것, 무릎으로 건드리다, 무릎 모양의

물건. knock-out: 녹아우트 시키다. nail: 손톱, 발톱, 못, 붙잡다, 끌다, 터치아웃시키다, 체포하다, 후려갈기다, 네일궐련, 네일, 잡다. tackle: 태클, 태클하다, 마구를 달다, 붙잡다, 테이클, 부지런히 시작하다, 달려들다, 도구, 도르래로 끌어 올리다, 복활차, 에 달려들다. versus: 대, 와 대비하여, 와 비교하여.

Upton Sinclair

361

government—does nothing. And now, why is it all so different with the Beef Trust?"% Here the other would generally admit that he was "stuck"; and Tommy Hinds would explain to him, and it was fun to see his eyes open. "If you were a Socialist," the hotelkeeper would say, "you would understand that the power which really governs the United States today is the Railroad Trust. It is the Railroad Trust that runs your state government, wherever you live, and that runs the United States Senate. And all of the trusts that I have named are railroad trusts—save only the Beef Trust! The Beef Trust has defied the railroads—it is plundering them day by day through the Private Car; and so the public is roused to fury, and the papers clamor for action, and the government goes on the warpath! And you poor common people watch and applaud the job, and think it's all done for you, and never dream that it is really the grand climax of the century-long battle of commercial competition—the final death grapple between the chiefs of the Beef Trust and 'Standard Oil,' for the prize of the mastery and ownership of the United States of America!" Such was the new home in which Jurgis lived and worked, and in which his education was completed. Perhaps you would imagine that he did not do much work there, but that would be a great mistake. He would have cut off one hand for Tommy Hinds; and to keep Hinds's hotel a thing of beauty was his joy in life. That he had a score of Socialist arguments chasing through his brain in the meantime did not interfere with this; on the contrary, Jurgis scrubbed the spittoons and polished the banisters all the more vehemently because at the same time he was wrestling inwardly with an imaginary recalcitrant. It would be pleasant to record that he swore off drinking immediately, and all the rest of his bad habits with it; but that would hardly be exact. These revolutionists were not angels; they were men, and men who had come up from the social pit, and with the mire of it smeared over them. Some of them drank, and some of them swore, and some of them ate pie with their knives; there was only one difference between them and all the rest of the populace—that they were men with a hope, with a cause to fight for and suffer for. There came times to Jurgis when the

Korean applaud: 칭찬하다, 찬성하다, 박수갈채하다, 박수 갈채하다, 에게 박수 갈채하다, 성원하다. banisters: 계단의 난간. beauty: 아름다움, 미, 아름다운 것, 미인, 터무니 없는 것, 좋은 점, 아름다운 동물, 미관, 아름다운것, 미점, 미인들. exact: 강요하다, 정밀한, 꼼꼼한, 정확한, 엄격한, 엄밀한, 까다로운, 엄하게 요구하다, 엄중한, 적확한.

grand: 멋진, 웅대한, 중대한, 위대한, 소유로서의 자격. 굉장한, 거만한, 장엄한, 전부의, path: 통로, 행로, 길, 경로, 경주로, 주되는, 거룩한, 큰. 진로, 좁은 길. hotelkeeper: 호텔경영자. recalcitrant: 완강하게 반항하는, inwardly: 내부에, 마음속에 몰래, 고집쟁이, 다루기 힘든, 반항자, 마음속으로, 안으로, 작은 목소리로, 반항적인, 복종치 않는, 에 기대는, 안쪽으로, 내부로. 휘어 잡을 수 없는, 고집센, 고집 mastery: 지배, 우위, 숙달, 승리, 정통, 불통, 완강히 저항하는. 우월, 통어력. wherever: 대체 어디에, 어디에 든지, ownership: 소유권, 소유자임, 어디로 든지, 대체 어디로, 대체 소유자로서의 자격, 소유주임, 어디에서, 어디든지.

362

The Jungle

vision seemed far-off and pale, and a glass of beer loomed large in comparison; but if the glass led to another glass, and to too many glasses, he had something to spur him to remorse and resolution on the morrow. It was so evidently a wicked thing to spend one's pennies for drink, when the working class was wandering in darkness, and waiting to be delivered; the price of a glass of beer would buy fifty copies of a leaflet, and one could hand these out to the unregenerate, and then get drunk upon the thought of the good that was being accomplished. That was the way the movement had been made, and it was the only way it would progress; it availed nothing to know of it, without fighting for it—it was a thing for all, not for a few! A corollary of this proposition of course was, that any one who refused to receive the new gospel was personally responsible for keeping Jurgis from his heart's desire; and this, alas, made him uncomfortable as an acquaintance. He met some neighbors with whom Elzbieta had made friends in her neighborhood, and he set out to make Socialists of them by wholesale, and several times he all but got into a fight.% It was all so painfully obvious to Jurgis! It was so incomprehensible how a man could fail to see it! Here were all the opportunities of the country, the land, and the buildings upon the land, the railroads, the mines, the factories, and the stores, all in the hands of a few private individuals, called capitalists, for whom the people were obliged to work for wages. The whole balance of what the people produced went to heap up the fortunes of these capitalists, to heap, and heap again, and yet again—and that in spite of the fact that they, and every one about them, lived in unthinkable luxury! And was it not plain that if the people cut off the share of those who merely "owned," the share of those who worked would be much greater? That was as plain as two and two makes four; and it was the whole of it, absolutely the whole of it; and yet there were people who could not see it, who would argue about everything else in the world. They would tell you that governments could not manage things as economically as private individuals; they would repeat and repeat that, and think they were saying something! They could not see that "economical" management by masters meant simply that they, the people, were worked harder and ground closer and paid less! They were wage-earners and servants, at the mercy of exploiters

Korean corollary: 계, 당연한결과, 추론. 자기만으로서는, 인품으로서, 개인을 desire: 원하다, 정욕, 욕구, 바라다, 빗대어서, 자기 개인으로서는, 욕구-바라는 것, 바라다-소원, 빗대어서. 바라는 것, 소원, 바람, 욕망, 희망. receive: 수신하다, 이해하다, economically: 경제적으로, 경제상. 경험하다, 수용하다, 수취하다, 받다, incomprehensible: 무한한, 불가해한, 사들이다, 수령하다, 응접하다, 무한한것, 이해할 수 없는, 이해할수 받아내다, 접수하다. 없는. repeat: 반복, 되풀이, 암송하다, leaflet: 작은 잎, 전단, 삐라, 광고지 반복절, 이중 투표를 하다, 삐라, 낱장으로 된 광고, 작은잎. 되풀이하다, 복창하다, 되풀이 하다, personally: 몸소, 개인적으로, 사본, 재공급, 재방송 프로그램.

spur: 박차, 격려하다, 며느리발톱, 돌출부, 격려, 박차를 가하다, 아이젠, 짧은 가지, 자극, 지선, 박차를 달다. unregenerate: 갱생치 않는, 죄많은. wholesale: 도매로, 통틀어, 대대적인, 대강, 대대적으로, 도매, 완전히, 대강의, 도매의, 대량으로, 도매하다. wicked: 심술궂은, 사악한, 나쁜, 버릇이 나쁜, 위험한, 장난이 심한, 불쾌한, 장난기 있는, 우수한.

Upton Sinclair

363

whose %one thought was to get as much out of them as possible; and they were taking an interest in the process, were anxious lest it should not be done thoroughly enough! Was it not honestly a trial to listen to an argument such as that? And yet there were things even worse. You would begin talking to some poor devil who had worked in one shop for the last thirty years, and had never been able to save a penny; who left home every morning at six o'clock, to go and tend a machine, and come back at night too tired to take his clothes off; who had never had a week's vacation in his life, had never traveled, never had an adventure, never learned anything, never hoped anything—and when you started to tell him about Socialism he would sniff and say, "I'm not interested in that—I'm an individualist!" And then he would go on to tell you that Socialism was "paternalism," and that if it ever had its way the world would stop progressing. It was enough to make a mule laugh, to hear arguments like that; and yet it was no laughing matter, as you found out—for how many millions of such poor deluded wretches there were, whose lives had been so stunted by capitalism that they no longer knew what freedom was! And they really thought that it was "individualism" for tens of thousands of them to herd together and obey the orders of a steel magnate, and produce hundreds of millions of dollars of wealth for him, and then let him give them libraries; while for them to take the industry, and run it to suit themselves, and build their own libraries—that would have been "Paternalism"! Sometimes the agony of such things as this was almost more than Jurgis could bear; yet there was no way of escape from it, there was nothing to do but to dig away at the base of this mountain of ignorance and prejudice. You must keep at the poor fellow; you must hold your temper, and argue with him, and watch for your chance to stick an idea or two into his head. And the rest of the time you must sharpen up your weapons—you must think out new replies to his objections, and provide yourself with new facts to prove to him the folly of his ways.

Korean argument: 논의, 논증, 개요, 독립변수, 불화, 언쟁, 요지, 증명. base: 천한, 출발점, 기초, 기지, 비열한, 기슭, 저음의, 조악한, 열등한, 비열한-기초를 두다, 비속한. build: 세우다, 만듦새, 구조, 뼈대, 짓다, 만들다, 쌓아 올리다, 에의지하다, 체격, 늘리다, 내세우다. dig: 파다, 탐구하다, 찌르다, 알다, 주의를 기울이다, 캐내다, 쿡 찌르기, 파나가다, 파서 뚫다, 꾸준히

공부하다, 꾸준히 공부하다- 한번 하다, 더욱 영리하게 하다, 더욱 찌르기. 심하게 하다, 더욱 세게 하다, libraries: 도서관. 날카로와지다. magnate: 거물, 유력자, 고관. stunted: 성장을 방해당한, 주접든, prove: 입증하다, 시험하다, 검산하다, 발달이 멎은, 발육이 멎은. 이라 판명되다, 인정하다, 인하다, tend: 주의하다, 도움이 되다, 돌보다, 임이 알려지다, 이라는 것을 알다, 의 시중들다, 지키다, 향하다, 간호하다, 교정쇄를 내다, 을 검산하다, 알다. 경향이있다, 기울다, 하기 쉽다, 으로 sharpen: 날카롭게 하다, 예리하게 향하다. 하다, 갈리다, 음조를 올리다, thoroughly: 철저히, 순전히, 영리해지다, 심해지다, 빈틈 없게 ㅁㅇ완전히, 충분히, 완전히.

364

The Jungle

So Jurgis acquired the reading habit. He would carry in his pocket a tract or a pamphlet which some one had loaned him, and whenever he had an idle moment during the day he would plod through a paragraph, and then think about it while he worked. Also he read the newspapers, and asked questions about them. One of the other porters at Hinds's was a sharp little Irishman, who knew everything that Jurgis wanted to know; and while they were busy he would explain to him the geography of America, and its history, its constitution and its laws; also he gave him an idea of the business system of the country, the great railroads and corporations, and who owned them, and the labor unions, and the big strikes, and the men who had led them. Then at night, when he could get off, Jurgis would attend the Socialist meetings. During the campaign one was not dependent upon the street corner affairs, where the weather and the quality of the orator were equally uncertain; there were hall meetings every night, and one could hear speakers of national prominence. These discussed the political situation from every point of view, and all that troubled Jurgis was the impossibility of carrying off but a small part of the treasures they offered him.% There was a man who was known in the party as the "Little Giant." The Lord had used up so much material in the making of his head that there had not been enough to complete his legs; but he got about on the platform, and when he shook his raven whiskers the pillars of capitalism rocked. He had written a veritable encyclopedia upon the subject, a book that was nearly as big as himself—And then there was a young author, who came from California, and had been a salmon fisher, an oyster-pirate, a longshoreman, a sailor; who had tramped the country and been sent to jail, had lived in the Whitechapel slums, and been to the Klondike in search of gold. All these things he pictured in his books, and because he was a man of genius he forced the world to hear him. Now he was famous, but wherever he went he still preached the gospel of the poor. And then there was one who was known at the "millionaire Socialist." He had made a fortune in business, and spent nearly all of it in building up a magazine, which the post office department had tried to suppress, and had driven to Canada. He was a quiet-mannered man, whom you would have taken for anything in the world but a Socialist agitator. His speech was simple and

Korean attend: 간호하다, 출석하다, 모시다, 섬기다, 수행하다, 주의하여듣다, 다니다, 유의하다, 참석하다, 주의하다, 전렴하다. constitution: 구성, 제정, 설립, 조직, 체격, 소질, 정체, 헌법, 체질, 율령, 성격. encyclopedia: 전문사전, 백과사전, 프랑스 백과사전, 백과 사전, 백과 전서. fisher: 어부, 포어성 동물, 물고기를

잡는 동물. genius: 수호신, 천재, 사조, 경향, 귀신, 기풍, 자질, 진수, 천성, 특질, 요정. geography: 지리학, 지리, 지세, 지지, 지리학 책, 화장실의 위치, 지리학서. impossibility: 불가능성, 불가능한 일, 불가능. magazine: 잡지, 창고, 탄창, 필름 감는 틀, 군수품, 매거진, 군용창고, 저장된군수품.

paragraph: 절, 단락, 마디, 단락부호, 신문의, 표제 없는 단평, 짧은 기사, 절로 나누다, 짧은 문장, 잡지의 짧은 기사, 에 대해서 짧은 기사를 쓰다. prominence: 현저, 돌출물, 돌출, 홍염, 돌기. salmon: 연어, 연어살빛, 연어 살빛, 연어 살, 연어살색의. suppress: 진압하다, 막다, 억누르다, 참다, 삭제하다, 발표하지 않다, 억제하다, 억압하다, 진정하다.

Upton Sinclair

365

informal—he could not understand why any one should get excited about these things. It was a process of economic evolution, he said, and he exhibited its laws and methods. Life was a struggle for existence, and the strong overcame the weak, and in turn were overcome by the strongest. Those who lost in the struggle were generally exterminated; but now and then they had been known to save themselves by combination—which was a new and higher kind of strength. It was so that the gregarious animals had overcome the predaceous; it was so, in human history, that the people had mastered the kings. The workers were simply the citizens of industry, and the Socialist movement was the expression of their will to survive. The inevitability of the revolution depended upon this fact, that they had no choice but to unite or be exterminated; this fact, grim and inexorable, depended upon no human will, it was the law of the economic process, of which the editor showed the details with the most marvelous precision.% And later on came the evening of the great meeting of the campaign, when Jurgis heard the two standard-bearers of his party. Ten years before there had been in Chicago a strike of a hundred and fifty thousand railroad employees, and thugs had been hired by the railroads to commit violence, and the President of the United States had sent in troops to break the strike, by flinging the officers of the union into jail without trial. The president of the union came out of his cell a ruined man; but also he came out a Socialist; and now for just ten years he had been traveling up and down the country, standing face to face with the people, and pleading with them for justice. He was a man of electric presence, tall and gaunt, with a face worn thin by struggle and suffering. The fury of outraged manhood gleamed in it—and the tears of suffering little children pleaded in his voice. When he spoke he paced the stage, lithe and eager, like a panther. He leaned over, reaching out for his audience; he pointed into their souls with an insistent finger. His voice was husky from much speaking, but the great auditorium was as still as death, and every one heard him. And then, as Jurgis came out from this meeting, some one handed him a paper which he carried home with him and read; and so he became acquainted

Korean auditorium: 강당, 청중석, 공회당, 관중석. commit: 위탁하다, 범하다, 몸을 맡기다, 맡기다, 위원회에 회부하다, 감금하다, 수용하다, 손상하다, 속박하다, 떠맡다, 넣다. evolution: 진화, 방출, 전개, 발전, 발생, 개방, 선회, 기동 연습, 전개 동작. gregarious: 사교적인, 군거성의, 무리의, 군생하는, 군거하는.

inevitability: 피할 수 없음, 피할 수 predaceous: 탐욕스런, 포식성의, 없는, 필연적인, 불가피함, 필연성. 육식의. inexorable: 냉혹한, 무정한, 움직일수 survive: 살아남다, 잔존하다, 에서 없는, 용성없는굽힐수없는, 용서 살아나다, 보다 오래 살다, 의 후까지 없는, 냉흑한. 생존하다, 에서 살아남다, 에도 insistent: 강요하는, 주의를 끄는, 불구하고 잔존해 있다, 생존하다, 끈덕진, 눈에 띄는, 뚜렷한, 두드러진. 에도 불구하고 살아 있다. lithe: 나긋나긋한, 유연한. unite: 결합하다, 일치하다, 하나로 methods: 행동 양식. 하다, 결혼시키다, 겸비하다, 일치 panther: 표범, 퓨마, 아메리카 표범, 시키다, 하나로 되다, 합병하다, 싸구려술, 흑표범당원. 결혼하다, 제휴하다, 맞잡다.

366

The Jungle

with the "Appeal to Reason." About twelve years previously a Colorado realestate speculator had made up his mind that it was wrong to gamble in the necessities of life of human beings: and so he had retired and begun the publication of a Socialist weekly. There had come a time when he had to set his own type, but he had held on and won out, and now his publication was an institution. It used a carload of paper every week, and the mail trains would be hours loading up at the depot of the little Kansas town. It was a four-page weekly, which sold for less than half a cent a copy; its regular subscription list was a quarter of a million, and it went to every crossroads post office in America.% The "Appeal" was a "propaganda" paper. It had a manner all its own—it was full of ginger and spice, of Western slang and hustle: It collected news of the doings of the "plutes," and served it up for the benefit of the "American workingmule." It would have columns of the deadly parallel—the million dollars' worth of diamonds, or the fancy pet-poodle establishment of a society dame, beside the fate of Mrs. Murphy of San Francisco, who had starved to death on the streets, or of John Robinson, just out of the hospital, who had hanged himself in New York because he could not find work. It collected the stories of graft and misery from the daily press, and made a little pungent paragraphs out of them. "Three banks of Bungtown, South Dakota, failed, and more savings of the workers swallowed up!" "The mayor of Sandy Creek, Oklahoma, has skipped with a hundred thousand dollars. That's the kind of rulers the old partyites give you!" "The president of the Florida Flying Machine Company is in jail for bigamy. He was a prominent opponent of Socialism, which he said would break up the home!" The "Appeal" had what it called its "Army," about thirty thousand of the faithful, who did things for it; and it was always exhorting the "Army" to keep its dander up, and occasionally encouraging it with a prize competition, for anything from a gold watch to a private yacht or an eighty-acre farm. Its office helpers were all known to the "Army" by quaint titles—"Inky Ike," "the Bald-headed Man," "the Redheaded Girl," "the Bulldog," "the Office Goat," and "the One Hoss."

Korean bigamy: 중혼죄, 중혼. columns: 열. crossroads: 네거리, 십자로. dame: 귀부인, 귀인, 지체가 높은 숙녀, 나이가 든 여인, 이튼 학교의 사감, 준남작의 부인, 여자. dander: 노하다, 역정, 뼛성, 머리의 비듬, 분통, 비듬. doings: 행동, 행실, 행사, 사건, 소행, 몸가짐. ginger: 원기, 생강, 고동색, 활력, 생강

빛깔. 입장권 매점자, 투기꾼. necessities: 생필품. spice: 방향을 곁들이다, 조미료, opponent: 상대, 대립하는, 반대, 적, 향신료, 기미, 향신료를 넣다, 흥취를 적수, 반대자, 반대쪽의, 반대측의, 더하다, 양념. 시합 따위의 적수, 적대하는. subscription: 서명, 응모, 기부, 예약 prominent: 현저한, 눈에 띄는, 구독료, 예약, 신청, 예약 구독, 돌출한, 중요한, 저명한, 두드러진, 기부의 신청, 예약 구독의 유효 기간, 돌기한. 서명 승낙. slang: 속어, 속어를쓰다, 속어를 쓰다, yacht: 요트, 요트를 달리다, 속어의, 술어, 통용어. 요트경주를 하다, 요트를 타다, speculator: 사색가, 암표상, 투기자, 유람용 쾌속선.

Upton Sinclair

367

But%sometimes, again, the "Appeal" would be desperately serious. It sent a correspondent to Colorado, and printed pages describing the overthrow of American institutions in that state. In a certain city of the country it had over forty of its "Army" in the headquarters of the Telegraph Trust, and no message of importance to Socialists ever went through that a copy of it did not go to the "Appeal." It would print great broadsides during the campaign; one copy that came to Jurgis was a manifesto addressed to striking workingmen, of which nearly a million copies had been distributed in the industrial centers, wherever the employers' associations had been carrying out their "open shop" program. "You have lost the strike!" it was headed. "And now what are you going to do about it?" It was what is called an "incendiary" appeal—it was written by a man into whose soul the iron had entered. When this edition appeared, twenty thousand copies were sent to the stockyards district; and they were taken out and stowed away in the rear of a little cigar store, and every evening, and on Sundays, the members of the Packingtown locals would get armfuls and distribute them on the streets and in the houses. The people of Packingtown had lost their strike, if ever a people had, and so they read these papers gladly, and twenty thousand were hardly enough to go round. Jurgis had resolved not to go near his old home again, but when he heard of this it was too much for him, and every night for a week he would get on the car and ride out to the stockyards, and help to undo his work of the previous year, when he had sent Mike Scully's ten-pin setter to the city Board of Aldermen. It was quite marvelous to see what a difference twelve months had made in Packingtown—the eyes of the people were getting opened! The Socialists were literally sweeping everything before them that election, and Scully and the Cook County machine were at their wits' end for an "issue." At the very close of the campaign they bethought themselves of the fact that the strike had been broken by Negroes, and so they sent for a South Carolina fire-eater, the "pitchfork senator," as he was called, a man who took off his coat when he talked to workingmen, and damned and swore like a Hessian. This meeting they advertised extensively, and the Socialists advertised it too—with the result that about a thousand of them were on hand that evening. The "pitchfork senator"

Korean correspondent: 거래처, 대응하는, 통신인, 일치하는 것, 서신왕래자, 기고가, 특파원, 일치하는, 통신원, 거래점, 대응하는 것. desperately: 필사적으로, 절망적으로, 지독하게, 생각다 못해, 몹시, 자포자기하여. distribute: 분배하다, 분류하다, 분포하다, 확충하다, 주연하다, 배급하다, 확충시키다, 살포하다, 주연시키다, 해판하다.

edition: 호화판, 판, 총서, 복제, print: 판화, 인화하다, 인쇄하다, 인쇄, 보급판의 판, 호화판의 판. 활자체로 쓰다, 출판하다, 모형, extensively: 널리, 광범위하게, 간행하다, 자국, 흔적, 해서. 광범하게, 넓게. program: 프로그램, 계획, 예정, gladly: 기꺼이, 즐거이, 쾌히. 차례표, 계획하다, 프로그램를 짜다, headed: 머리가-인, -머리의, 머리가 프로그램을 넣다, 컴퓨터에 있는. 프로그램을 공급하다, 과목의 과정표, manifesto: 성명서, 선언, 선언서, 정당 의 프로그램을 만들다, 프로그램을 따위의 선언서. 공급하다. overthrow: 뒤집어 엎다, 전복, 파괴, resolved: 단호한, 결심한, 깊이 타도하다, 타도, 전복시키다, 정복. 생각한, 숙고한, 결의한.

368

The Jungle

stood their fusillade of questions for about an hour, and then went home in disgust, and the balance of the meeting was a strictly party affair. Jurgis, who had insisted upon coming, had the time of his life that night; he danced about and waved his arms in his excitement—and at the very climax he broke loose from his friends, and got out into the aisle, and proceeded to make a speech himself! The senator had been denying that the Democratic party was corrupt; it was always the Republicans who bought the votes, he said—and here was Jurgis shouting furiously, "It's a lie! It's a lie!" After which he went on to tell them how he knew it—that he knew it because he had bought them himself! And he would have told the "pitchfork senator" all his experiences, had not Harry Adams and a friend grabbed him about the neck and shoved him into a seat.%

Korean affair: 일, 사건, 물건, 물품, 사무, 하기, 문제, 추문, 전투, 일거리, 연애 사건. aisle: 좌석.객차등의 통로, 복도, 측량, 측랑, 측랑이 있는, 측면의 복도, 통로. climax: 절정, 점층법, 최고조, 극상, 클라이맥스, 엑스터시, 클라이맥스에 달하다, 최고점, 오르가슴, 성적 쾌감의 절정, 극점. corrupt: 타락시키다, 타락한,

개악하다, 오염된, 매수하다, 순수성을 잃은, 부정한, 뇌물이 통하는, 믿을 수 없는, 부도덕한, 전와된. disgust: 역겹게하다, 혐오, 역겨움, 정떨어지게 하다, 정떨어지게하다역겨움, 싫음, 메스꺼워찌게 하다. experiences: 경험담. furiously: 미친듯이 노하여, 맹렬히. fusillade: 일제사격, 일제사격을 가하다, 일제 사격을 가하다.

loose: 풀다, 풀린, 쏘다, 엉성한, 총포를 쏘다, 포장이 나쁜, 헐렁헐렁한, 헐거워지다, 흐트러진, 낙낙한, 놓다. senator: 평의원, 상원의원, 이사, 상원 의원, 원로원 의원, 정치가, 추밀 고문관. shouting: 외침, 환호, 고함 소리. strictly: 엄한, 절대적인, 정확한, 엄격하게.

Upton Sinclair

369

CHAPTER 31

One%of the first things that Jurgis had done after he got a job was to go and see Marija. She came down into the basement of the house to meet him, and he stood by the door with his hat in his hand, saying, "I've got work now, and so you can leave here." But Marija only shook her head. There was nothing else for her to do, she said, and nobody to employ her. She could not keep her past a secret—girls had tried it, and they were always found out. There were thousands of men who came to this place, and sooner or later she would meet one of them. "And besides," Marija added, "I can't do anything. I'm no good—I take dope. What could you do with me?" "Can't you stop?" Jurgis cried. "No," she answered, "I'll never stop. What's the use of talking about it—I'll stay here till I die, I guess. It's all I'm fit for." And that was all that he could get her to say—there was no use trying. When he told her he would not let Elzbieta take her money, she answered indifferently: "Then it'll be wasted here—that's all." Her eyelids looked heavy and her face was red and swollen; he saw that he was annoying her, that she only wanted him to go away. So he went, disappointed and sad.

Korean annoying: 성가신, 귀찮은, 괴롭히는, 지겨운, 귀찮게하는. basement: 지계, 지하실, 지하, 최하부. can't: 못 하다. die: 주사위, 죽다, 소멸하다, 거푸집, 나사틀, 희미해지다, 화인, 죽을 것 같다, 주사위꼴로 자른 것, 주사위 도박, 점점 작아지다. disappointed: 실망한. dope: 미취약, 흥분제, 경마정보, 도프도료, 도프를 바르다,

도프를바르다, 내부 소식, 마약 중독자, 불순물을 첨가하다, 마약, 속여 넘기다. employ: 고용하다, 쓰다, 고용, 사용, 에 종사하다, 소비하다, 소비하다고용, 실직하다, 에 고용되어, 사용하다, 직업을 주다. hat: 푹쉬다, 추기경의 빨간 모자, 모자. indifferently: 무관심하게, 상당히, 시원치 않게.

red: 빨간, 빨강, 적자, 혁명적인, 공산주의의, 적색의, 피에 물든, 잔인한, 작열하는, 영령의, 빨갱이의. saying: 속담, 격언, 말, 말하기. swollen: 부푼, 물이 불은, 과장된. talking: 담화, 말하는, 표정이 풍부한, 수다, 수다스러운. thousands: 오만. wasted: 황폐한, 살해된, 지나간.

370

The Jungle

Poor Jurgis was not very happy in his home-life. Elzbieta was sick a good deal now, and the boys were wild and unruly, and very much the worse for their life upon the streets. But he stuck by the family nevertheless, for they reminded him of his old happiness; and when things went wrong he could solace himself with a plunge into the Socialist movement. Since his life had been caught up into the current of this great stream, things which had before been the whole of life to him came to seem of relatively slight importance; his interests were elsewhere, in the world of ideas. His outward life was commonplace and uninteresting; he was just a hotel-porter, and expected to remain one while he lived; but meantime, in the realm of thought, his life was a perpetual adventure. There was so much to know—so many wonders to be discovered! Never in all his life did Jurgis forget the day before election, when there came a telephone message from a friend of Harry Adams, asking him to bring Jurgis to see him that night; and Jurgis went, and met one of the minds of the movement.% The invitation was from a man named Fisher, a Chicago millionaire who had given up his life to settlement work, and had a little home in the heart of the city's slums. He did not belong to the party, but he was in sympathy with it; and he said that he was to have as his guest that night the editor of a big Eastern magazine, who wrote against Socialism, but really did not know what it was. The millionaire suggested that Adams bring Jurgis along, and then start up the subject of "pure food," in which the editor was interested. Young Fisher's home was a little two-story brick house, dingy and weatherbeaten outside, but attractive within. The room that Jurgis saw was half lined with books, and upon the walls were many pictures, dimly visible in the soft, yellow light; it was a cold, rainy night, so a log fire was crackling in the open hearth. Seven or eight people were gathered about it when Adams and his friend arrived, and Jurgis saw to his dismay that three of them were ladies. He had never talked to people of this sort before, and he fell into an agony of embarrassment. He stood in the doorway clutching his hat tightly in his hands, and made a deep bow to each of the persons as he was introduced; then, when he was asked to have a seat, he took a chair in a dark corner, and sat down upon

Korean bow: 활, 이물, 구부리다, 절하다, 꾸부러지다, 나비넥타이, 만곡부, 인사하다, 켜다, 함수, 절. commonplace: 평범한, 평범한 일, 상투어, 진부한, 흔해빠진말, 비망록, 다반사, 평범한 것, 흔해빠진 말, 흔해빠진 이야기. crackling: 매력적인 여성들, 오득오득한 가죽살, 딱딱 소리내기, 우지직우지직소리를 냄, 파삭파삭함, 딱딱하는 소리를 냄, 찌끼,

우지직우지직하는 소리를 냄. editor: 편집자, 논설 위원, 편집책임자. hearth: 노변, 화상, 노, 가정, 난로 바닥. invitation: 초대, 유언, 유혹, 유인, 초빙, 권유, 도전, 매력, 안내장. outward: 밖으로 향하는, 바깥쪽의, 육체의, 외부의, 밖으로, 바깥쪽에, 외부, 밖에, 현세적인. realm: 범위, 왕국, 영역, 부문, 영토,

권, 국토, 계, 분야, 세계, 대. solace: 위안, 위안물, 위로, 위안을 얻다, 덜어주다, 위안이 되는 것, 위안하다, 위로하다. uninteresting: 시시한, 흥미없는, 재미없는. unruly: 무법한, 제어하기어려운, 휘어 잡을 수 없는. weather-beaten: 비바람에 단련된, 비바람에 시달린.

Upton Sinclair

371

the edge of it, and wiped the perspiration off his forehead with his sleeve. He was terrified lest they should expect him to talk.% There was the host himself, a tall, athletic young man, clad in evening dress, as also was the editor, a dyspeptic-looking gentleman named Maynard. There was the former's frail young wife, and also an elderly lady, who taught kindergarten in the settlement, and a young college student, a beautiful girl with an intense and earnest face. She only spoke once or twice while Jurgis was there—the rest of the time she sat by the table in the center of the room, resting her chin in her hands and drinking in the conversation. There were two other men, whom young Fisher had introduced to Jurgis as Mr. Lucas and Mr. Schliemann; he heard them address Adams as "Comrade," and so he knew that they were Socialists. The one called Lucas was a mild and meek-looking little gentleman of clerical aspect; he had been an itinerant evangelist, it transpired, and had seen the light and become a prophet of the new dispensation. He traveled all over the country, living like the apostles of old, upon hospitality, and preaching upon street- corners when there was no hall. The other man had been in the midst of a discussion with the editor when Adams and Jurgis came in; and at the suggestion of the host they resumed it after the interruption. Jurgis was soon sitting spellbound, thinking that here was surely the strangest man that had ever lived in the world. Nicholas Schliemann was a Swede, a tall, gaunt person, with hairy hands and bristling yellow beard; he was a university man, and had been a professor of philosophy—until, as he said, he had found that he was selling his character as well as his time. Instead he had come to America, where he lived in a garret room in this slum district, and made volcanic energy take the place of fire. He studied the composition of food-stuffs, and knew exactly how many proteids and carbohydrates his body needed; and by scientific chewing he said that he tripled the value of all he ate, so that it cost him eleven cents a day. About the first of July he would leave Chicago for his vacation, on foot; and when he struck the harvest fields he would set to work for two dollars and a half a day, and

Korean athletic: 운동경기의, 장장한, 운동가 같은, 운동의, 경기의, 운동 경기의, 스포츠맨다운. bristling: 작은 청어, 청어속의 작은 물고기. clerical: 목사, 목사의, 성직권지지자, 서기, 서기의, 성직복, 성직자의, 법의, 사무원, 서기의 성직자, 성직자의 부당한 세력. dispensation: 분배, 하늘의 뜻, 섭리, 시여, 하늘이 준 것, 천계법 시대,

통치, 하늘이 내리는 것, 처리, 조제, 없는 대로 견딤. hairy: 털이 많은, 털의. hospitality: 환대, 후대, 친절한 대접, 친절히 대접하기. interruption: 중단, 방해, 가로막음, 중절, 불통. itinerant: 순회하는, 순회자, 편력자, 순방자, 설교자, 순회 전도사, 도붓장수, 편력중인, 지방순회 공연배우등, 지방순회의, 지방

순회의. kindergarten: 유치원. mild: 가벼운, 온화한, 순한, 유순한, 달콤한, 자극성이 없는, 음식물 따위가 자극성이 없는, 온후한, 따뜻한, 담배 따위가 자극성이 없는, 기후 따위가 따뜻한. spellbound: 홀린, 주문에 걸린, 주문에 얽매인. volcanic: 폭발성의, 화산의, 격렬한, 화산이 있는, 화산암.

372

The Jungle

come home when he had another year's supply—a hundred and twenty-five dollars. That was the nearest approach to independence a man could make "under capitalism," he explained; he would never marry, for no sane man would allow himself to fall in love until after the revolution.% He sat in a big arm-chair, with his legs crossed, and his head so far in the shadow that one saw only two glowing lights, reflected from the fire on the hearth. He spoke simply, and utterly without emotion; with the manner of a teacher setting forth to a group of scholars an axiom in geometry, he would enunciate such propositions as made the hair of an ordinary person rise on end. And when the auditor had asserted his non-comprehension, he would proceed to elucidate by some new proposition, yet more appalling. To Jurgis the Herr Dr. Schliemann assumed the proportions of a thunderstorm or an earthquake. And yet, strange as it might seem, there was a subtle bond between them, and he could follow the argument nearly all the time. He was carried over the difficult places in spite of himself; and he went plunging away in mad career—a very Mazeppa-ride upon the wild horse Speculation. Nicholas Schliemann was familiar with all the universe, and with man as a small part of it. He understood human institutions, and blew them about like soap bubbles. It was surprising that so much destructiveness could be contained in one human mind. Was it government? The purpose of government was the guarding of property-rights, the perpetuation of ancient force and modern fraud. Or was it marriage? Marriage and prostitution were two sides of one shield, the predatory man's exploitation of the sex- pleasure. The difference between them was a difference of class. If a woman had money she might dictate her own terms: equality, a life contract, and the legitimacy—that is, the property-rights— of her children. If she had no money, she was a proletarian, and sold herself for an existence. And then the subject became Religion, which was the Archfiend's deadliest weapon. Government oppressed the body of the wage-slave, but Religion oppressed his mind, and poisoned the stream of progress at its source. The working-man was to fix his hopes upon a future life, while his pockets were picked in this one; he was brought up to frugality,

Korean axiom: 공리, 자명한이치, 격언, 자명한 이치. dictate: 지령, 받아쓰게하다, 명령, 명령하다, 명령하다-명령, 지령하다, 지시하다, 구술하다, 글을 받아쓰게 하다. earthquake: 지진, 대변동. elucidate: 밝히다, 설명하다, 명료하게 하다. enunciate: 선언하다, 발표하다, 똑똑히 발음하다, 발음하다.

equality: 평등, 대등, 동등, 같음. 비누투성이의, 금전, 돈, 에게 exploitation: 개척, 개발, 착취, 이용, 아첨하다, 을 비누로 빨다, 을 비누로 이기적 이용, 벌채, 불법이용. 문지르다. frugality: 절약, 검소, 검약. subtle: 미묘한, 포착하기 어려운, geometry: 기하학, 기하학책, 희박한, 음흉한, 예민한, 미세한, 기하학서. 서서히 효과가 나타나는, 교활한, guarding: 망보는 것. 묽은, 파악하기 어려운, 세밀한. perpetuation: 영구화, 불후하게 하기. universe: 우주, 만물, 전세계, 영역, proportions: 크기. 세계, 모집단, 다수, 만유. soap: 비누, 지방산의 알칼리 금속염, weapon: 무기, 병기, 흉기, 공격의 뇌물, 비누를 칠하다, 비누의, 수단, 무장하다.

Upton Sinclair

373

humility, %obedience—in short to all the pseudo-virtues of capitalism. The destiny of civilization would be decided in one final death struggle between the Red International and the Black, between Socialism and the Roman Catholic Church; while here at home, "the stygian midnight of American evangelicalism—" And here the ex-preacher entered the field, and there was a lively tussle. "Comrade" Lucas was not what is called an educated man; he knew only the Bible, but it was the Bible interpreted by real experience. And what was the use, he asked, of confusing Religion with men's perversions of it? That the church was in the hands of the merchants at the moment was obvious enough; but already there were signs of rebellion, and if Comrade Schliemann could come back a few years from now— "Ah, yes," said the other, "of course, I have no doubt that in a hundred years the Vatican will be denying that it ever opposed Socialism, just as at present it denies that it ever tortured Galileo." "I am not defending the Vatican," exclaimed Lucas, vehemently. "I am defending the word of God—which is one long cry of the human spirit for deliverance from the sway of oppression. Take the twenty-fourth chapter of the Book of Job, which I am accustomed to quote in my addresses as 'the Bible upon the Beef Trust'; or take the words of Isaiah—or of the Master himself! Not the elegant prince of our debauched and vicious art, not the jeweled idol of our society churches—but the Jesus of the awful reality, the man of sorrow and pain, the outcast, despised of the world, who had nowhere to lay his head—" "I will grant you Jesus," interrupted the other. "Well, then," cried Lucas, "and why should Jesus have nothing to do with his church—why should his words and his life be of no authority among those who profess to adore him? Here is a man who was the world's first revolutionist, the true founder of the Socialist movement; a man whose whole being was one flame of hatred for wealth, and all that wealth stands for,—for the pride of wealth, and the luxury of wealth, and the tyranny of wealth; who was himself a beggar and a tramp, a man of the people, an associate of saloon-keepers and women of the

Korean addresses: 구애. adore: 숭배하다, 무척 좋아하다, 경모하다, 아주 좋아하다. associate: 준회원, 연합시키다, 한동아리, 공동시키다, 동료, 교제하다, 연상하다, 준, 연합한, 연상하다-교제하다-동료, 연상되는 것-동아리의. confusing: 혼란시키는, 당황케 하는, 당황케하는. debauched: 우혹의, 타락의, 퇴페의,

타락한. idol: 우상, 사신, 숭배 받는 것, 인기 있는 사람, 선입적 유견. profess: 공언하다, 직업으로 삼다, 신앙을 고백하다, 을 신앙한다고 공언하다, 라고 자칭하다, 학문, 인 체하다, 기술 따위를 지니고 있다고 공언하다-공언하다, 기술 따위를 지니고 있다고 공언하다, 언명하다, 대학 교수로 있다. quote: 인용하다, 인용구, 견적하다,

인증하다, 인용부호, 시세를 말하다, 시세, 인용문을 시작하다, 인용문, 인용을 시작하다, 가격을 말하다. revolutionist: 혁명당원, 혁명론자, 혁명가. sorrow: 불행, 슬픔, 고난, 슬픈, 슬퍼보이는, 아쉬움, 슬퍼하다, 후회, 고생. stygian: 지옥의, 어두운, 하계의, 음침한, 삼도내의. tussle: 격투, 격투하다.

374

The Jungle

town; %who again and again, in the most explicit language, denounced wealth and the holding of wealth: 'Lay not up for yourselves treasures on earth!'—'Sell that ye have and give alms!'—'Blessed are ye poor, for yours is the kingdom of Heaven!'—'Woe unto you that are rich, for ye have received your consolation!'— 'Verily, I say unto you, that a rich man shall hardly enter into the kingdom of Heaven!' Who denounced in unmeasured terms the exploiters of his own time: 'Woe unto you, scribes and pharisees, hypocrites!'— 'Woe unto you also, you lawyers!'—'Ye serpents, ye generation of vipers, how can ye escape the damnation of hell?' Who drove out the businessmen and brokers from the temple with a whip! Who was crucified—think of it—for an incendiary and a disturber of the social order! And this man they have made into the high priest of property and smug respectability, a divine sanction of all the horrors and abominations of modern commercial civilization! Jeweled images are made of him, sensual priests burn incense to him, and modern pirates of industry bring their dollars, wrung from the toil of helpless women and children, and build temples to him, and sit in cushioned seats and listen to his teachings expounded by doctors of dusty divinity—" "Bravo!" cried Schliemann, laughing. But the other was in full career—he had talked this subject every day for five years, and had never yet let himself be stopped. "This Jesus of Nazareth!" he cried. "This class-conscious working-man! This union carpenter! This agitator, law-breaker, firebrand, anarchist! He, the sovereign lord and master of a world which grinds the bodies and souls of human beings into dollars—if he could come into the world this day and see the things that men have made in his name, would it not blast his soul with horror? Would he not go mad at the sight of it, he the Prince of Mercy and Love! That dreadful night when he lay in the Garden of Gethsemane and writhed in agony until he sweat blood—do you think that he saw anything worse than he might see tonight upon the plains of Manchuria, where men march out with a jeweled image of him before them, to do wholesale murder for the benefit of foul monsters of sensuality and cruelty? Do you not know that if he were in St. Petersburg now, he would take the whip with which he drove out the bankers from his temple—"

Korean anarchist: 무정부주의자, 폭력혁명가. carpenter: 목수, 목수일을 하다, 목수일로 만들다, 대목, 목수일을하다, 목수직, 무대장치인, 아마추어 목수, 목공품, 목공일을 하다. class-conscious: 계급 의식을 가진. damnation: 저주, 파멸, 지옥에 떨어뜨림, 비난, 아뿔사, 악평, 욕설, 젠장, 지옥에 떨어뜨림-제기랄, 천벌, 제기랄.

disturber: 어지럽자. incendiary: 방화의, 선동적인, 선동자, 소이탄, 불을 붙이는, 불타기, 방화 범인, 물질, 방화범, 불붙기, 범인. incense: 향, 향을 피우다, 분향하다, 아첨, 에 향을 피우다, 아부, 방향, 향내, 성나게 하다, 노하게 하다, 몹시 화나게 하다. sanction: 재가, 제재, 지지, 인가, 국제적 제제, 상벌, 인가하다, 제재 규정을 두다, 법의 강제력, 재가하다.

sensual: 관능적인, 감각의, 육욕의, 호색의, 육체적 감각의, 감각론의, 관능주의의, 음탕한, 감각적인. smug: 공부벌레, 혼자 우쭐대는, 말쑥한, 잘난 체하는, 산뜻한, 공부밖에 모르는 학생. unmeasured: 무한한, 과도한, 잴 수 없는, 측정되지 않은, 과도의, 헤아릴 수 없는, 측정할 수 없는. unto: 까지, 에, 에게로. yourselves: 당신 자신들.

Upton Sinclair

375

Here the speaker paused an instant for breath. "No, comrade," said the other, dryly, "for he was a practical man. He would take pretty little imitation lemons, such as are now being shipped into Russia, handy for carrying in the pockets, and strong enough to blow a whole temple out of sight."% Lucas waited until the company had stopped laughing over this; then he began again: "But look at it from the point of view of practical politics, comrade. Here is an historical figure whom all men reverence and love, whom some regard as divine; and who was one of us—who lived our life, and taught our doctrine. And now shall we leave him in the hands of his enemies—shall we allow them to stifle and stultify his example? We have his words, which no one can deny; and shall we not quote them to the people, and prove to them what he was, and what he taught, and what he did? No, no, a thousand times no!—we shall use his authority to turn out the knaves and sluggards from his ministry, and we shall yet rouse the people to action!—" Lucas halted again; and the other stretched out his hand to a paper on the table. "Here, comrade," he said, with a laugh, "here is a place for you to begin. A bishop whose wife has just been robbed of fifty thousand dollars' worth of diamonds! And a most unctuous and oily of bishops! An eminent and scholarly bishop! A philanthropist and friend of labor bishop—a Civic Federation decoy duck for the chloroforming of the wage-working- man!" To this little passage of arms the rest of the company sat as spectators. But now Mr. Maynard, the editor, took occasion to remark, somewhat naïvely, that he had always understood that Socialists had a cut-and-dried program for the future of civilization; whereas here were two active members of the party, who, from what he could make out, were agreed about nothing at all. Would the two, for his enlightenment, try to ascertain just what they had in common, and why they belonged to the same party? This resulted, after much debating, in the formulating of two carefully worded propositions: First, that a Socialist believes in the common ownership and democratic management of the means of producing the necessities of life; and, second, that a Socialist believes that the means by which this is to be brought about is the class conscious political

Korean ascertain: 확인하다, 알아내다, 을 확인하다, 확실히 하다, 명백히 하다. cut-and-dried: 틀에 박힌, 활기 없는, 무미건조한, 미리결정된, 신선함이 없는, 진부한. decoy: 유인하다, 꾀어들이다, 유혹물, 미끼새, 미끼에 걸리다, 유인 못, 꾀어들이는 장치, 유혹하다, 후림새, 레이더 탐지 방해용 물체. doctrine: 교의, 주의, 교리, 학설. eminent: 현저한, 우수한, 유명한,

뛰어난, 저명한, 돌출한. stifle: 억누르다, 질식시키다, enlightenment: 계몽, 계몽 운동, 숨겨두다, 진압하다, 끄다, 계발. 숨막히게하다. 끄다, 숨막히게하다, philanthropist: 박애주의자. 숨을 막다, 숨이 가쁘다. producing: 산출하는. stultify: 무의미하게 하다, 어리석어 reverence: 존경, 존경하다, 위덕, 님, 뵈게 하다, 무효가 되게 하다, 경례, 숭상, 숭상하다, 신부님, 경의, 바보스럽게 보이게 하다, 망쳐버리다. 위엄, 경계. unctuous: 미끈미끈한, 짐짓 감동한 듯 scholarly: 학문을 좋아하는, 학자다운, 싶은, 기름기기가 도는, 기금같은, 학식이 있는, 학자적인, 학자답게, 말치레가 번드르한, 아주 감동한 학술적인, 학구적인, 학문적인. 체하는, 기름 같은.

376

The Jungle

organization %of the wage-earners. Thus far they were at one; but no farther. To Lucas, the religious zealot, the co-operative commonwealth was the New Jerusalem, the kingdom of Heaven, which is "within you." To the other, Socialism was simply a necessary step toward a far-distant goal, a step to be tolerated with impatience. Schliemann called himself a "philosophic anarchist"; and he explained that an anarchist was one who believed that the end of human existence was the free development of every personality, unrestricted by laws save those of its own being. Since the same kind of match would light every one's fire and the same-shaped loaf of bread would fill every one's stomach, it would be perfectly feasible to submit industry to the control of a majority vote. There was only one earth, and the quantity of material things was limited. Of intellectual and moral things, on the other hand, there was no limit, and one could have more without another's having less; hence "Communism in material production, anarchism in intellectual," was the formula of modern proletarian thought. As soon as the birth agony was over, and the wounds of society had been healed, there would be established a simple system whereby each man was credited with his labor and debited with his purchases; and after that the processes of production, exchange, and consumption would go on automatically, and without our being conscious of them, any more than a man is conscious of the beating of his heart. And then, explained Schliemann, society would break up into independent, self-governing communities of mutually congenial persons; examples of which at present were clubs, churches, and political parties. After the revolution, all the intellectual, artistic, and spiritual activities of men would be cared for by such "free associations"; romantic novelists would be supported by those who liked to read romantic novels, and impressionist painters would be supported by those who liked to look at impressionist pictures—and the same with preachers and scientists, editors and actors and musicians. If any one wanted to work or paint or pray, and could find no one to maintain him, he could support himself by working part of the time. That was the case at present, the only difference being that the competitive wage system compelled a man to work all the time to live, while, after the abolition of privilege and exploitation, any one would be able to support himself by an

Korean abolition: 폐지, 노예 폐지폐지론, 철폐. anarchism: 무정부주의, 무질서, 테러행위, 무정부상태의. artistic: 예술적인, 미술의, 예술의, 멋있는, 미술적인. commonwealth: 공화국, 주, 국가, 연방, 단체, 국민, 사회, 민주국가. feasible: 실행할 수 있는, 적당한, 있을법한, 가능한, 실행할수있는, 그럴싸한, 알맞은.

impressionist: 인상주의자, 인상파화가, 인상파의 예술가, 인상파의, 유명인사의 흉내를 내는 연예인, 인상주의의 화가, 유명 인사를 흉내내는 연예인, 인상주파의 화가. intellectual: 지적인, 지식인, 이지적인, 식자, 지력의, 지력을 요하는, 지력이 발달한, 머리를 쓰는, 지력 있는. mutually: 공동으로, 서로, 상호로.

novels: 짧은 이야기. pray: 빌다, 제발, 기원하다, 간원하다, 기원하여 이루어지게 하다, 기도하다, 기도하다-바라다, 바라다, 에게 기원하다, 에게 간청하다. self-governing: 자제 극기, 자치의, 자주 관리, 민주 정치, 자치. unrestricted: 제한이 없는, 자유로운, 구속이 없는. zealot: 열광자, 열중자, 유대교의 열광적 신자.

Upton Sinclair

377

hour's work a day. Also the artist's audience of the present was a small minority of people, all debased and vulgarized by the effort it had cost them to win in the commercial battle, of the intellectual and artistic activities which would result when the whole of mankind was set free from the nightmare of competition, we could at present form no conception whatever.% And then the editor wanted to know upon what ground Dr. Schliemann asserted that it might be possible for a society to exist upon an hour's toil by each of its members. "Just what," answered the other, "would be the productive capacity of society if the present resources of science were utilized, we have no means of ascertaining; but we may be sure it would exceed anything that would sound reasonable to minds inured to the ferocious barbarities of capitalism. After the triumph of the international proletariat, war would of course be inconceivable; and who can figure the cost of war to humanity—not merely the value of the lives and the material that it destroys, not merely the cost of keeping millions of men in idleness, of arming and equipping them for battle and parade, but the drain upon the vital energies of society by the war attitude and the war terror, the brutality and ignorance, the drunkenness, prostitution, and crime it entails, the industrial impotence and the moral deadness? Do you think that it would be too much to say that two hours of the working time of every efficient member of a community goes to feed the red fiend of war?" And then Schliemann went on to outline some of the wastes of competition: the losses of industrial warfare; the ceaseless worry and friction; the vices—such as drink, for instance, the use of which had nearly doubled in twenty years, as a consequence of the intensification of the economic struggle; the idle and unproductive members of the community, the frivolous rich and the pauperized poor; the law and the whole machinery of repression; the wastes of social ostentation, the milliners and tailors, the hairdressers, dancing masters, chefs and lackeys. "You understand," he said, "that in a society dominated by the fact of commercial competition, money is necessarily the test of prowess, and wastefulness the sole criterion of power. So we have, at the present moment, a society with, say, thirty per cent of the population occupied in producing useless

Korean arming: 무장, 접극자, 무장을 갖춤. brutality: 잔인성, 만행, 야만성, 잔인한 행위, 야만, 무자비. ceaseless: 끊임없는, 부단한. criterion: 표준, 기준, 특징. deadness: 칙칙함, 무감각, 죽음, 죽은 상태, 생기 없음, 김빠짐. drain: 배수하다, 다 써버리다, 빼내다, 마시다, 유실, 배수, 들이켜다, 하수, 출비, 말리다, 비우다. energies: 능력, 에너지, 정력, 활동력.

exceed: 넘다, 초과하다, 탁월하다, 도를 넘다, 보다 크다, 우월하다, 의 한도를 넘다. friction: 마찰, 불화, 마찰의. frivolous: 경박한, 하찮은, 시시한, 천박한. idleness: 무위, 게으름, 태만, 놀고지냄. impotence: 허약, 뇌쇠, 음위, 성교불능, 발기불능, 무력한, 무기력함, 허약함, 무력.

intensification: 증대, 강화, 격렬하게 하다, 보력, 격렬해지다, 강해지다, 강하게 하다, 극화, 강하게 함. minority: 미성년, 소수, 소수당, 소수파의, 소수당의. repression: 억제, 진압, 억압, 제지, 억압본능. unproductive: 불모의, 비생산적인, 헛된, 수확이 없는. warfare: 전쟁, 교전, 전쟁 행위, 투쟁, 교전 상태, 싸움, 전투.

378

The Jungle

articles, and one per cent occupied in destroying them. And this is not all; for the servants and panders of the parasites are also parasites, the milliners and the jewelers and the lackeys have also to be supported by the useful members of the community. And bear in mind also that this monstrous disease affects not merely the idlers and their menials, its poison penetrates the whole social body. Beneath the hundred thousand women of the elite are a million middle-class women, miserable because they are not of the elite, and trying to appear of it in public; and beneath them, in turn, are five million farmers' wives reading 'fashion papers' and trimming bonnets, and shop-girls and serving-maids selling themselves into brothels for cheap jewelry and imitation seal- skin robes. And then consider that, added to this competition in display, you have, like oil on the flames, a whole system of competition in selling! You have manufacturers contriving tens of thousands of catchpenny devices, storekeepers displaying them, and newspapers and magazines filled up with advertisements of them!" "And don't forget the wastes of fraud," put in young Fisher.% "When one comes to the ultra-modern profession of advertising," responded Schliemann—"the science of persuading people to buy what they do not want— he is in the very center of the ghastly charnel house of capitalist destructiveness, and he scarcely knows which of a dozen horrors to point out first. But consider the waste in time and energy incidental to making ten thousand varieties of a thing for purposes of ostentation and snobbishness, where one variety would do for use! Consider all the waste incidental to the manufacture of cheap qualities of goods, of goods made to sell and deceive the ignorant; consider the wastes of adulteration,—the shoddy clothing, the cotton blankets, the unstable tenements, the ground-cork life- preservers, the adulterated milk, the aniline soda water, the potato-flour sausages—" "And consider the moral aspects of the thing," put in the ex-preacher. "Precisely," said Schliemann; "the low knavery and the ferocious cruelty incidental to them, the plotting and the lying and the bribing, the blustering and bragging, the screaming egotism, the hurrying and worrying. Of course, imitation and adulteration are the essence of competition—they are but another

Korean adulteration: 섞음질, 조약품, 저질품, 불순물. aspects: 상들. blustering: 호통치는, 사납게 불어치는, 고함치는, 세차게 몰아치는, 시끄러운, 뽐내는. bragging: 자랑하는 것. catchpenny: 싸구려의, 싸고 겉만 번지르르한 물건, 싸고 겉만 번지르르한, 돈만 긁어내려는, 굴퉁의, 값싼, 값싸고 번드르르한것.

contriving: 도모. cruelty: 잔학, 잔인한 행위, 끔찍함, 잔혹, 학대, 잔인성, 무자비. egotism: 이기주의, 자기 중심벽, 자만, 자만심, 자기본위, 자기중심, 자부. elite: 엘리트, 뽑힌 최상의, 엘리트 활자, 엘리트층. incidental: 흔히 있는, 부수적인, 주요하지 않은, 부수하는, 우연의, 중요하지 않은, 우연히 일어나는, 지엽적인, 부수하여 일어나는,

부수적인 일, 곧잘 일어나는. jewelry: 보석류, 보석 장식, 보석 세공. knavery: 사기, 무뢰한의 행위, 속임, 부정, 속임수. snobbishness: 속물근성. unstable: 불안정한, 변하기쉬운, 분해하기쉬운, 마음이 변하기 쉬운, 분해하기 쉬운. varieties: 각종. wives: 부인들.

Upton Sinclair

379

form%of the phrase 'to buy in the cheapest market and sell in the dearest.' A government official has stated that the nation suffers a loss of a billion and a quarter dollars a year through adulterated foods; which means, of course, not only materials wasted that might have been useful outside of the human stomach, but doctors and nurses for people who would otherwise have been well, and undertakers for the whole human race ten or twenty years before the proper time. Then again, consider the waste of time and energy required to sell these things in a dozen stores, where one would do. There are a million or two of business firms in the country, and five or ten times as many clerks; and consider the handling and rehandling, the accounting and reaccounting, the planning and worrying, the balancing of petty profit and loss. Consider the whole machinery of the civil law made necessary by these processes; the libraries of ponderous tomes, the courts and juries to interpret them, the lawyers studying to circumvent them, the pettifogging and chicanery, the hatreds and lies! Consider the wastes incidental to the blind and haphazard production of commodities—the factories closed, the workers idle, the goods spoiling in storage; consider the activities of the stock manipulator, the paralyzing of whole industries, the overstimulation of others, for speculative purposes; the assignments and bank failures, the crises and panics, the deserted towns and the starving populations! Consider the energies wasted in the seeking of markets, the sterile trades, such as drummer, solicitor, bill-poster, advertising agent. Consider the wastes incidental to the crowding into cities, made necessary by competition and by monopoly railroad rates; consider the slums, the bad air, the disease and the waste of vital energies; consider the office buildings, the waste of time and material in the piling of story upon story, and the burrowing underground! Then take the whole business of insurance, the enormous mass of administrative and clerical labor it involves, and all utter waste—" "I do not follow that," said the editor. "The Cooperative Commonwealth is a universal automatic insurance company and savings bank for all its members. Capital being the property of all, injury to it is shared by all and made up by all. The bank is the universal government credit-account, the ledger in which every individual's earnings and spendings ate balanced. There is also a universal

Korean accounting: 회계, 회계학. balanced: 안정된, 완전 영양식, 균형 잡힌, 균형이 잡힌. balancing: 침착한, 침착하기. chicanery: 속임말, 발뺌. circumvent: 교묘하게 회피하다, 일주하다, 포위하다, 지르다, 의표를 찌르다, 우회하다, 에워싸다, 속이다, 선수치다, 빠질 구멍을 생각해 내다, 빠뜨리다. drummer: 고수, 지방 순회 상인.

haphazard: 아무렇게나, 우연, 되는대로, 우연의, 되는대로의, 우연한. ledger: 원장, 대석, 악보의 덧줄, 비계에 가로 댄 통나무, 덧줄. manipulator: 속이는 사람, 조종하는 사람, 손으로 능란하게 다루는 사람, 조작하는 사람. pettifogging: 속이는, 시시한 협잡, 속임, 협작적인, 엉터리 변호사, 엉터리 변호사식의, 엉터리

변호사식의 수법, 엉터리 변호사의. ponderous: 육중한, 다루기 힘든, 답답한, 대단히 무거운, 묵직한, 매우 무거운. speculative: 사색적인, 위험을 내포한, 순이론적인, 투기의, 투기적인, 위험한. sterile: 불모의, 살균한, 메마른, 균없는, 불임의, 무효의, 신용 증대나 국내 통화량증가 저지에 할당되지 않은, 중성의, 내용이 빈약한.

380

The Jungle

government bulletin, in which are listed and precisely described everything which the commonwealth has for sale. As no one makes any profit by the sale, there is no longer any stimulus to extravagance, and no misrepresentation; no cheating, no adulteration or imitation, no bribery or 'grafting.'"% "How is the price of an article determined?" "The price is the labor it has cost to make and deliver it, and it is determined by the first principles of arithmetic. The million workers in the nation's wheat fields have worked a hundred days each, and the total product of the labor is a billion bushels, so the value of a bushel of wheat is the tenth part of a farm laborday. If we employ an arbitrary symbol, and pay, say, five dollars a day for farm work, then the cost of a bushel of wheat is fifty cents." "You say 'for farm work,'" said Mr. Maynard. "Then labor is not to be paid alike?" "Manifestly not, since some work is easy and some hard, and we should have millions of rural mail carriers, and no coal miners. Of course the wages may be left the same, and the hours varied; one or the other will have to be varied continually, according as a greater or less number of workers is needed in any particular industry. That is precisely what is done at present, except that the transfer of the workers is accomplished blindly and imperfectly, by rumors and advertisements, instead of instantly and completely, by a universal government bulletin." "How about those occupations in which time is difficult to calculate? What is the labor cost of a book?" "Obviously it is the labor cost of the paper, printing, and binding of it—about a fifth of its present cost." "And the author?" "I have already said that the state could not control intellectual production. The state might say that it had taken a year to write the book, and the author might say it had taken thirty. Goethe said that every bon mot of his had cost a purse of gold. What I outline here is a national, or rather international, system

Korean arbitrary: 전횡의, 횡포한, 멋대로의, 메 마음대로의, 기분내키는대로의, 임의의, 멋대로인, 마음대로의, 기분내키는 대로의, 독단적인. arithmetic: 산수, 계산, 셈본, 초등수학, 산수의 능력, 산수의. bon: 안녕하십니까. bribery: 증수회, 수회, 뇌물수수, 증회. bulletin: 공시하다, 공보, 게시, 회보, 회보-게시하다, 고시, 기관지, 뉴스 속보, 게시하다, 잡지.

bushel: 부셸, 부쉘단위, 고쳐 짓다, 부셸수, 옷을 고쳐 짓다, 대량, 많은 양. calculate: 계산하다, 할 작정이다, 산정하다, 추정하다, 이라고 생각하다, 의도하다, 기대하다, 어림잡다, 하도록 계획되어 있다, 평가하다, 추산하다. imperfectly: 미완료의, 불완전한, 불완전하게, 미완성의, 불충분하게. manifestly: 명백히, 분명히.

misrepresentation: 왜곡한 진술, 오전, 와전. mot: 경구, 명구, 운수성, 차량 검사, 차량 검사증. printing: 인쇄, 인쇄물, 날염, 활자체의 문자, 인화, 인쇄 부수, 인쇄업, 원색 제판법, 인쇄부수, 인쇄술, 무늬찍기. stimulus: 자극, 흥분제, 격려, 자극물, 흥분, 쐐기털, 침, 고무. wheat: 밀.

Upton Sinclair

381

for%the providing of the material needs of men. Since a man has intellectual needs also, he will work longer, earn more, and provide for them to his own taste and in his own way. I live on the same earth as the majority, I wear the same kind of shoes and sleep in the same kind of bed; but I do not think the same kind of thoughts, and I do not wish to pay for such thinkers as the majority selects. I wish such things to be left to free effort, as at present. If people want to listen to a certain preacher, they get together and contribute what they please, and pay for a church and support the preacher, and then listen to him; I, who do not want to listen to him, stay away, and it costs me nothing. In the same way there are magazines about Egyptian coins, and Catholic saints, and flying machines, and athletic records, and I know nothing about any of them. On the other hand, if wage slavery were abolished, and I could earn some spare money without paying tribute to an exploiting capitalist, then there would be a magazine for the purpose of interpreting and popularizing the gospel of Friedrich Nietzsche, the prophet of Evolution, and also of Horace Fletcher, the inventor of the noble science of clean eating; and incidentally, perhaps, for the discouraging of long skirts, and the scientific breeding of men and women, and the establishing of divorce by mutual consent." Dr. Schliemann paused for a moment. "That was a lecture," he said with a laugh, "and yet I am only begun!" "What else is there?" asked Maynard. "I have pointed out some of the negative wastes of competition," answered the other. "I have hardly mentioned the positive economies of co-operation. Allowing five to a family, there are fifteen million families in this country; and at least ten million of these live separately, the domestic drudge being either the wife or a wage slave. Now set aside the modern system of pneumatic housecleaning, and the economies of co-operative cooking; and consider one single item, the washing of dishes. Surely it is moderate to say that the dishwashing for a family of five takes half an hour a day; with ten hours as a day's work, it takes, therefore, half a million able-bodied persons—mostly women to do the dishwashing of the country. And note that this is most filthy and deadening and

Korean breeding: 번식, 사육, 뱀뱀이, 버릇, 증식작용, 증식 작용, 가정교육, 가계, 증식. deadening: 방음장치, 무광도료, 방음재, 광택지우는 도료, 개간한 토지. discouraging: 낙담시키는, 용기를 꺾는, 실망적인, 신이 안나는, 맥빠진, 시원찮은. divorce: 이혼, 이혼하다, 분리하다, 별거, 이혼한 남자, 분리, 이혼시키다,

분리시키다. drudge: 꾸준히하다, 뼈빠지게하다, 꾸준히 하다. incidentally: 부수적으로, 우연히, 하는 김에, 덧붙여 말하자면, 말이난 김에, 우발적으로. inventor: 발명자, 발명가, 창안자, 창출자, 고안자. moderate: 알맞은, 보통의, 온건한, 온화한, 중재인 노릇을 하다, 사회하다, 온건한 사람, 절제하는,

웬만한, 중간 정도의, 누그러지다. noble: 고귀한, 훌륭한, 귀족, 고결한, 귀중한, 당당한, 숭고한, 유명한, 뛰어난, 독선가, 노블금화파업 파괴지도자. pneumatic: 공기의, 공기를 함유한, 영적인, 공기의 작용에 의한, 기낭을 가진, 공기가 든, 기학의-공기가 든 타이어, 기학의, 기낭이 있는, 공기가 든 타이어, 공기가 들어 있는. preacher: 설교자, 목사.

382

The Jungle

brutalizing %work; that it is a cause of anemia, nervousness, ugliness, and illtemper; of prostitution, suicide, and insanity; of drunken husbands and degenerate children—for all of which things the community has naturally to pay. And now consider that in each of my little free communities there would be a machine which would wash and dry the dishes, and do it, not merely to the eye and the touch, but scientifically—sterilizing them—and do it at a saving of all the drudgery and nine-tenths of the time! All of these things you may find in the books of Mrs. Gilman; and then take Kropotkin's Fields, Factories, and Workshops, and read about the new science of agriculture, which has been built up in the last ten years; by which, with made soils and intensive culture, a gardener can raise ten or twelve crops in a season, and two hundred tons of vegetables upon a single acre; by which the population of the whole globe could be supported on the soil now cultivated in the United States alone! It is impossible to apply such methods now, owing to the ignorance and poverty of our scattered farming population; but imagine the problem of providing the food supply of our nation once taken in hand systematically and rationally, by scientists! All the poor and rocky land set apart for a national timber reserve, in which our children play, and our young men hunt, and our poets dwell! The most favorable climate and soil for each product selected; the exact requirements of the community known, and the acreage figured accordingly; the most improved machinery employed, under the direction of expert agricultural chemists! I was brought up on a farm, and I know the awful deadliness of farm work; and I like to picture it all as it will be after the revolution. To picture the great potato-planting machine, drawn by four horses, or an electric motor, ploughing the furrow, cutting and dropping and covering the potatoes, and planting a score of acres a day! To picture the great potato-digging machine, run by electricity, perhaps, and moving across a thousand-acre field, scooping up earth and potatoes, and dropping the latter into sacks! To every other kind of vegetable and fruit handled in the same way—apples and oranges picked by machinery, cows milked by electricity—things which are already done, as you may know. To picture the harvest fields of the future, to which millions of happy men and women come for a summer holiday, brought by special trains,

Korean acre: 에이커, 토지, 경작지, 밭, 대량. acreage: 평수, 토지, 에이커 수, 면적, 에이커수. agricultural: 농업의, 농산물의. anemia: 빈혈증. cultivated: 경작된, 양식된, 세련된, 개간된, 배양된, 교양있는, 재배된, 교양 있는. deadliness: 치명적임, 집념이 강함, 맹렬함. degenerate: 타락한, 퇴보한, 퇴보하다,

나빠지다, 퇴화한, 타락자. drudgery: 단조롭고 고된 일, 천역. favorable: 유리한, 유망한, 호의적인, 호의를 보이는. furrow: 주물살이 생기게 하다, 두둑을 짓다, 보습자리, 항적, 밭고랑, 이랑을 짓다, 주름살이 지다, 주름살, 쟁기로 갈다, 고랑, 주름살-쟁기로 갈다. globe: 지구, 공, 지구의, 공 모양의 물건, 구체, 공 모양으로 하다, 공 모양의 것.

insanity: 광기, 정신 이상, 어리석은 짓, 정신병, 미친것, 미친 짓, 정신이상. planting: 심기, 파종, 식수 조림, 기초 밑층, 재배. rationally: 합리적으로, 이성적으로, 이치를 알아서. systematically: 정연하게, 조직적으로, 계획적으로. ugliness: 추함, 못생김, 보기 흉함, 추악.

Upton Sinclair

383

the%exactly needful number to each place! And to contrast all this with our present agonizing system of independent small farming,—a stunted, haggard, ignorant man, mated with a yellow, lean, and sad-eyed drudge, and toiling from four o'clock in the morning until nine at night, working the children as soon as they are able to walk, scratching the soil with its primitive tools, and shut out from all knowledge and hope, from all their benefits of science and invention, and all the joys of the spirit—held to a bare existence by competition in labor, and boasting of his freedom because he is too blind to see his chains!" Dr. Schliemann paused a moment. "And then," he continued, "place beside this fact of an unlimited food supply, the newest discovery of physiologists, that most of the ills of the human system are due to overfeeding! And then again, it has been proven that meat is unnecessary as a food; and meat is obviously more difficult to produce than vegetable food, less pleasant to prepare and handle, and more likely to be unclean. But what of that, so long as it tickles the palate more strongly?" "How would Socialism change that?" asked the girl-student, quickly. It was the first time she had spoken. "So long as we have wage slavery," answered Schliemann, "it matters not in the least how debasing and repulsive a task may be, it is easy to find people to perform it. But just as soon as labor is set free, then the price of such work will begin to rise. So one by one the old, dingy, and unsanitary factories will come down—it will be cheaper to build new; and so the steamships will be provided with stoking machinery, and so the dangerous trades will be made safe, or substitutes will be found for their products. In exactly the same way, as the citizens of our Industrial Republic become refined, year by year the cost of slaughterhouse products will increase; until eventually those who want to eat meat will have to do their own killing—and how long do you think the custom would survive then?—To go on to another item—one of the necessary accompaniments of capitalism in a democracy is political corruption; and one of the consequences of civic administration by ignorant and vicious politicians, is that preventable diseases kill off half our population. And even if science were

Korean civic: 시의, 시민의, 도시의, 있는. 공민으로서의, 공민으로서 어울리는, primitive: 원시의, 원시적인, 태고의, 공민학, 시정학, 공민답게, 공민의. 초기의, 원시인, 그 작품, 초생의, democracy: 민주주의, 민주국, 민주 근본의, 소박한-문예 부흥기 이전의 정체, 민주당, 민주당의 정강, 일반 화가, 원어, 원선. 국민. refined: 세련된, 우아한, 미묘한, needful: 돈, 필요한, 필요한 것, 정제된, 정확한, 정련한, 정교한, 필요한 돈, 없어서는 안될, 필요한 짓, 엄정한, 정묘한, 품위있는, 정제한. 현금, 빈곤한, 필요한 일. repulsive: 쌀쌀한, 반발하는, palate: 구개, 미각, 위턱, 취미, 기호. 물리치는, 혐오감을 일으키는, preventable: 막을 수 있는, 방해할 수 쫓아버리는, 불쾌한, 반향하는,

냉정한, 몹시 불쾌한. slaughterhouse: 도살장, 수라장. unclean: 더러운, 부정한, 불결한, 사악한 외설한, 맹졸하지 못한, 순결하지 못한, 먹지 못하게 금지된, 명확하지 못한. unnecessary: 불필요한, 무익한, 불필요한 것. vegetable: 야채, 식물, 식물의, 푸성귀, 식물 인간, 단조로운, 식물로 된, 무기력한 사람.

384

The Jungle

allowed%to try, it could do little, because the majority of human beings are not yet human beings at all, but simply machines for the creating of wealth for others. They are penned up in filthy houses and left to rot and stew in misery, and the conditions of their life make them ill faster than all the doctors in the world could heal them; and so, of course, they remain as centers of contagion, poisoning the lives of all of us, and making happiness impossible for even the most selfish. For this reason I would seriously maintain that all the medical and surgical discoveries that science can make in the future will be of less importance than the application of the knowledge we already possess, when the disinherited of the earth have established their right to a human existence." And here the Herr Doctor relapsed into silence again. Jurgis had noticed that the beautiful young girl who sat by the center-table was listening with something of the same look that he himself had worn, the time when he had first discovered Socialism. Jurgis would have liked to talk to her, he felt sure that she would have understood him. Later on in the evening, when the group broke up, he heard Mrs. Fisher say to her, in a low voice, "I wonder if Mr. Maynard will still write the same things about Socialism"; to which she answered, "I don't know— but if he does we shall know that he is a knave!" And only a few hours after this came election day—when the long campaign was over, and the whole country seemed to stand still and hold its breath, awaiting the issue. Jurgis and the rest of the staff of Hinds's Hotel could hardly stop to finish their dinner, before they hurried off to the big hall which the party had hired for that evening. But already there were people waiting, and already the telegraph instrument on the stage had begun clicking off the returns. When the final accounts were made up, the Socialist vote proved to be over four hundred thousand—an increase of something like three hundred and fifty per cent in four years. And that was doing well; but the party was dependent for its early returns upon messages from the locals, and naturally those locals which had been most successful were the ones which felt most like reporting; and so that night every one in the hall believed that the vote was going to be six, or seven, or even eight

Korean application: 적용, 원서, 열심, 신청, 응용, 부지런함, 지원, 신청서, 도포, 바름. established: 확립된, 만성의, 확정된 ·, 확정된, 상비의, 국립의, 정착하여. importance: 오만, 중요, 중요한 지위, 중대성, 무게, 거드름, 관록, 중요성, 중대. impossible: 불가능한, 참을수 없는, 지독한, 있을 수없는, 어림도 없는, 믿기어려운, 몹시 이상한, 몹시 싫은,

어려운, 있을 수 없는, 괴상망측한. instrument: 기계, 기구, 악기, 증서, 앞잡이, 수단, 방편, 조격의, 악기의, 도구, 기계의. majority: 과반수, 대다수, 성년, 소령의 지위, 다수파, 차, 득표차, 죽은 사람, 육군 소령의 계급, 상대방을 앞지른 득표차, 다수당. medical: 의학의, 내과의, 내과적인, 의료의, 내과 환자, 개업의, 약의. possess: 소유하다, 유지하다, 손에

넣다, 잡다, 지배하다, 획득하다, 들리다, 붙잡다, 자제하다, 에 붙다. remain: 머무르다, 남다, 유해, 유물, 유적, 나머지, 유족, 존속하다, 생환자, 화석, 유저. seriously: 진지하게, 심히, 중하게. surgical: 외과의, 외과용의, 외과술의. vote: 투표권, 투표, 제의하다, 투표하다, 결정하다, 투표인, 투표용지, 투표수, 투표로 결정하다, 표결 사항, 찬반 표시.

Upton Sinclair

385

hundred %thousand. Just such an incredible increase had actually been made in Chicago, and in the state; the vote of the city had been 6,700 in 1900, and now it was 47,000; that of Illinois had been 9,600, and now it was 69,000! So, as the evening waxed, and the crowd piled in, the meeting was a sight to be seen. Bulletins would be read, and the people would shout themselves hoarse — and then some one would make a speech, and there would be more shouting; and then a brief silence, and more bulletins. There would come messages from the secretaries of neighboring states, reporting their achievements; the vote of Indiana had gone from 2,300 to 12,000, of Wisconsin from 7,000 to 28,000; of Ohio from 4,800 to 36,000! There were telegrams to the national office from enthusiastic individuals in little towns which had made amazing and unprecedented increases in a single year: Benedict, Kansas, from 26 to 260; Henderson, Kentucky, from 19 to 111; Holland, Michigan, from 14 to 208; Cleo, Oklahoma, from 0 to 104; Martin's Ferry, Ohio, from 0 to 296—and many more of the same kind. There were literally hundreds of such towns; there would be reports from half a dozen of them in a single batch of telegrams. And the men who read the despatches off to the audience were old campaigners, who had been to the places and helped to make the vote, and could make appropriate comments: Quincy, Illinois, from 189 to 831—that was where the mayor had arrested a Socialist speaker! Crawford County, Kansas, from 285 to 1,975; that was the home of the "Appeal to Reason"! Battle Creek, Michigan, from 4,261 to 10,184; that was the answer of labor to the Citizens' Alliance Movement! And then there were official returns from the various precincts and wards of the city itself! Whether it was a factory district or one of the "silk-stocking" wards seemed to make no particular difference in the increase; but one of the things which surprised the party leaders most was the tremendous vote that came rolling in from the stockyards. Packingtown comprised three wards of the city, and the vote in the spring of 1903 had been 500, and in the fall of the same year, 1,600. Now, only one year later, it was over 6,300—and the Democratic vote only 8,800! There were other wards in which the Democratic vote had been actually surpassed, and in two districts, members of the state legislature had

Korean appropriate: 적당한, 특유한, 돌리다, 도용하다, 착복하다, 고유의, 충당하다, 계상하다, 지출을 승인하다, 전유하다. batch: 한 떼, 한 묶음, 한 번 구운 분량, 한 번 굽기, 한 솥, 일괄, 한 차례 굽는 양, 일회분으로 처리하다, 일회분으로 정리하다, 일군. comments: 주석. difference: 다름, 불화, 차이점, 차액, 의견 차이.

enthusiastic: 열광의, 광신적인, 열광적인. evening: 저녁, 밤, 오후, 해질녁, 해질녁칭, 만년, 의 밤, 저녁 때, 저녁의. increase: 증가, 늘리다, 이익, 늘다, 이자, 확대하다, 증진, 번식하다, 커지다, 산물, 불리다. incredible: 믿어지지 않는, 엄청난, 거짓말 같은, 굉장한, 놀라운, 믿기 어려운, 신용할수 없는, 놀랄만한.

neighboring: 근처의, 이웃의, 인근의, 근처의 인접한, 인접하고 있는. official: 직무상의, 공무원, 공의, 관공서풍의, 직원, 관료, 공식의, 공직에 있는, 약전에 의한, 관리, 관직에 있는. precincts: 경계. unprecedented: 신기한, 선례가 없는, 전례가 없는, 새로운.

386

The Jungle

been %elected. Thus Chicago now led the country; it had set a new standard for the party, it had shown the workingmen the way! —So spoke an orator upon the platform; and two thousand pairs of eyes were fixed upon him, and two thousand voices were cheering his every sentence. The orator had been the head of the city's relief bureau in the stockyards, until the sight of misery and corruption had made him sick. He was young, hungrylooking, full of fire; and as he swung his long arms and beat up the crowd, to Jurgis he seemed the very spirit of the revolution. "Organize! Organize! Organize!"—that was his cry. He was afraid of this tremendous vote, which his party had not expected, and which it had not earned. "These men are not Socialists!" he cried. "This election will pass, and the excitement will die, and people will forget about it; and if you forget about it, too, if you sink back and rest upon your oars, we shall lose this vote that we have polled to-day, and our enemies will laugh us to scorn! It rests with you to take your resolution—now, in the flush of victory, to find these men who have voted for us, and bring them to our meetings, and organize them and bind them to us! We shall not find all our campaigns as easy as this one. Everywhere in the country tonight the old party politicians are studying this vote, and setting their sails by it; and nowhere will they be quicker or more cunning than here in our own city. Fifty thousand Socialist votes in Chicago means a municipal-ownership Democracy in the spring! And then they will fool the voters once more, and all the powers of plunder and corruption will be swept into office again! But whatever they may do when they get in, there is one thing they will not do, and that will be the thing for which they were elected! They will not give the people of our city municipal ownership—they will not mean to do it, they will not try to do it; all that they will do is give our party in Chicago the greatest opportunity that has ever come to Socialism in America! We shall have the sham reformers self-stultified and self-convicted; we shall have the radical Democracy left without a lie with which to cover its nakedness! And then will begin the rush that will never be checked, the tide that will never turn till it has reached its flood—that will be irresistible, overwhelming—the rallying of the outraged workingmen of Chicago to our standard! And we shall organize them, we shall drill them, we shall marshal

Korean checked: 체크 무늬의, 바둑판 무늬의, 잊고 두고오다, 깜빡 잊다, 말할 것을 바둑판무늬의. 잊다, 잊고 두고가다. drill: 송곳, 천공기, 훈련하다, 교련, municipal: 지방 자치체의, 시의, 자치 훈련, 능직무명, 구멍을 뚫다, 조파기, 도시의, 시제, 내정의, 시제주의자. 구멍을뚱다, 이랑에 씨를 심다, pairs: 한 쌍의 남녀, 투표 기권을 드릴개코원숭이. 담합하는 두 반대당의 두 명의 의원, flush: 홍조, 흥분, 플러시, 평평하게 한편, 한쪽, 한 쌍, 연이은 계단, 쌍을 하다, 붉어지다, 왈칵흐름, 같은 이루는 한편, 쌍을 이루는 한쪽, 두 높이의, 동일 평면의, 푸르르 날아 개, 같은 것의 두 개, 동물의 한 쌍. 오르다, 평평하게, 잔뜩 가진. polled: 뿔을자른, 대머리의, 둥글게 forget: 잊다, 잊어버리다, 게을리하다, 친.

radical: 철저한, 기, 어근, 과격한, 부수, 어근의, 급진당원, 기의, 기본의, 근의, 근본의. reached: 뇌물을 먹은, 매수 당한, 부패한. scorn: 경멸하다, 경멸, 떳떳하게 여기지 않다, 냉소하다, 경멸받는 것, 거절하다, 조소하다, 경멸받는 사람. standard: 표준, 표준의, 기, 본위, 학년, 일류의, 자연목, 모범적인, 도량형의 원기, 기본단위, 권위 있는.

Upton Sinclair

387

them %for the victory! We shall bear down the opposition, we shall sweep if before us—and Chicago will be ours! Chicago will be ours! CHICAGO WILL BE OURS!"

Korean bear: 곰, 견디다, 가지다, 지니다, 휘두르기, 청소. 덮치다, 하기에 족하다, 받치다, victory: 승리, 승리의 여신, 정복. 나르다, 난폭자, 배겨내다, 지탱하다. opposition: 반대, 방해, 대항, 저항, 적대, 대조, 대립, 반대당, 이의 신청, 충, 대당. ours: 우리의 것, 우리의 가족, 우리의 연대 따위, 우리의 임무, 우리의 회사. sweep: 옷자락을 끌며 걷다, 털다, 청소하다, 엄습하다, 길고 큰 노, 굴뚝 청소부, 타다, 만곡, 먼지, 한 번

388

The Jungle

GLOSSARY aback: 깜짝 놀라다, 당하다, 돛이 거꾸로, 뒤로, 후방으로, 돛이 역풍을 받고 abash: 당황케 하다, 부끄럽게 하다, 당황하게 하다, 무안하게 하다 ablaze: 격하여, 불타올라, 빛나서, 흥분하여, 불타는, 불타올라서, 흥분한, 밝게 빛나는 able-bodied: 할 수 있다 aboard: 차내에, 배 안에, 뱃전에, 탑승하고, 베이스에 나가서, 배에, 배로 abolish: 폐지하다, 철폐하다, 폐치하다, 무효화시키다 abolition: 폐지, 노예 폐지폐지론, 철폐 abominably: 몹시, 지독히, 가증스레 abruptly: 갑자기, 충격적으로, 무뚝뚝하게, 뜻밖에, 돌연적, 퉁명스럽게 absinthe: 압생트, 쓴쑥 absurd: 불합리한, 어리석은, 부조리한, 모순된, 부조리 abyss: 심연, 혼돈, 지옥, 나락, 끝없이 깊은 구렁 accidental: 우연한, 우연의 우발적인 사물, 비본질적인, 임시 변화의, 우발적인, 사고의, 우유적인 accompany: 반주하다, 따르다, 따르게 하다, 동반하다 accomplished: 성취된, 뛰어난, 교양이 있는, 능란한, 세련된, 조예가 깊은, 기정의, 완료된, 완성된 according: 그러므로, 따라서, 나름으로, 에 따라, 에 의하여 accursed: 저주받은, 지겨운, 저주할 accustomed: 익숙한, 평소의, 여느 때와 다름없는, 길든, 습관의, 에 익숙한 aching: 쑤시는, 아픈 acquaintance: 지식, 알고 있음, 면식, 아는 사람, 잘아는 사람, 익히 알고 있음, 안면, 숙지, 아는 사인 acquainted: 사귀게 된, 안면이 있는, 정통한, 친한

acre: 에이커, 토지, 경작지, 밭, 대량 acreage: 평수, 토지, 에이커 수, 면적, 에이커수 adapted: 알맞은, 개조된, 개작된, 적당한 addresses: 구애 adjust: 조정하다, 화해시키다, 맞추다, 정리하다, 순응하다, 조정되다, 조절하다 adjusted: 조절되는 administer: 타격을 주다, 치료를 하다, 처리하다, 시행하다, 관리하다 admirable: 훌륭한, 좋다, 칭찬할 만한 admirably: 훌륭히 admiral: 해군 대장, 제독, 해군 장성 사령관, 기함, 나비의 속칭, 상선 대장, 어선 대장 admiration: 감탄, 칭찬, 찬미, 경탄, 경이, 칭찬의 대상, 찬양의 대상 admiring: 감복한, 감탄하는, 찬미하는, 찬양하는 ado: 소동, 법석, 야단 법석 adore: 숭배하다, 무척 좋아하다, 경모하다, 아주 좋아하다 adulterant: 섞음질에 쓰는, 혼합물의, 혼합물 adulterate: 섞음질하다, 질을 떨어뜨리다, 섞음질을 하다, 간통한, 섞음질을 한, 품질을 떨어뜨리다, 가짜의 adulterated: 불순한, 섞음질을 한, 순도가 법정 기준에 반지 않는 adulteration: 섞음질, 조약품, 저질품, 불순물 adversity: 역경, 불행한 일, 불행 advertise: 광고하다, 공고하다, 광고 하여 구하다, 공시 하다, 자가 선전을 하다, 통지하다 advertisement: 광고, 선전, 통고 advisable: 현명한, 권할 만한, 적당한, 분별있는, 분별 있는, 타당한 afar: 멀리, 원방에서, 원방에 affirmative: 긍정의, 긍정문, 찬성자, 확정의, 확언, 확언적인, 확인의,

단언 afflict: 괴롭히다 afflicted: 괴로워하는, 고민하는 affliction: 고통, 고민거리, 괴로움, 병, 불행의 원인, 고뇌 afro-american: 아프리카계 미국 흑인, 아프리카계 미국 흑인의, 미국 흑인의, 미국 흑인 afternoons: 오후에는 흔히 afterward: 나중에, 그 후, 뒤에 agelong: 영속하는 aggregation: 집합체, 집합, 집성, 집단 aggressively: 적극적으로, 진취적으로, 침략적으로 agitation: 선동, 동요, 흥분, 동란, 논의, 뒤흔들기 agitator: 교반기, 선동자, 선동가, 정치운동가 agonizing: 고민하는, 고민을 주는, 괴롭히는, 괴로워하는 agony: 희비의 극치, 단말마의 괴로움, 고뇌, 고통, 그리스도의 고통, 심한 고통, 죽음의 고통, 감정의 격발, 격발 agreeable: 기분 좋은, 유쾌한, 적당한, 어울리는, 쾌이 흥하는, 사근사근한, 마음에 드는, 맞는, 상냥한, 기꺼이 동의하는 aimless: 목적없는, 목적이 없는, 목표없는 airtight: 철통같은, 기밀의, 몰샐 틈 없는, 공기를 통하지 않는, 밀폐된 aisle: 좌석.객차등의 통로, 복도, 측량, 측랑, 측랑이 있는, 측면의 복도, 통로 akin: 혈족의, 같은, 동족의, 비슷한, 유사해 aladdin: 알라딘 alarmed: 불안해 하는, 겁 먹은, 깜짝 놀란 alas: 아아, 슬픈지고 albumen: 흰자위, 단백질, 배유, 횐자위 alderman: 시참사의원, 부시장,

Upton Sinclair 구청장, 시의회 의원 alert: 경계, 방심 않는, 민활한, 경계경보, 경보, 기민한 alley: 좁은 길, 뒷골목, 샛길, 뒷길, 튀김돌, 골목, 동맹국, 경기장, 공기, 오솔길, 공기돌 all-inclusive: 총괄적, 거시적 almighty: 대단한, 전능한, 대단히, 신, 전능자 aloft: 높이, 돛대 꼭대기에, 위로, 위쪽에, 위에 aloud: 큰 소리로, 똑똑히, 소리 내어 altar: 제단, 제대, 성찬대 altercation: 언쟁, 격론, 논쟁 altitude: 높이, 고도, 높은, 높은 자리, 정점에서 밑변까지의 수직 거리 amateur: 아마추어, 취미의, 비직업적인, 애호가 amazed: 놀란 amazement: 놀람, 소스라침 amiable: 붙임성 있는, 귀염성 있는, 호감을 주는, 온화한, 상냥한, 마음씨 고운, 귀여운, 마음씨가 상냥한 amid: 의 한 복판에, 의 한가운데에, 이 한창일 때, 한창 한는 중에, 복판에, 의 한복판에, 한창 때에 ammonia: 암모니아, 암모니아수 amos: 아모스 amphitheater: 원형 극장, 원형극장, 계단식관람석, 계단식 관람석, 계단 교실, 계단식교실 ample: 넓은, 충분한, 광대한, 풍부한 amuck: 미친 듯이 날뛰어, 미친듯이 날뛰어 amused: 즐기는, 명랑한, 즐거워 하는, 즐거워하는 anarchism: 무정부주의, 무질서, 테러행위, 무정부상태의 anarchist: 무정부주의자, 폭력혁명가 anemia: 빈혈증 anew: 재차, 다시, 새로이, 다시 한번 angleworm: 낚시밥용지렁이, 지렁이 angrily: 노하여, 성나서, 화나서, 화내어 anguish: 격통, 고뇌 aniline: 아닐린, 아닐린의 animated: 싱싱한, 기운찬, 살아있는, 생기가 있는 ankle: 발목, 발목 관절 annihilation: 전멸, 붕괴, 소멸, 영혼소멸, 무효 annoyance: 성가심, 두통거리, 약오름, 성가신 일, 성가신 사람, 성가시게 굴기, 괴로움 annoyed: 괴로운 annoying: 성가신, 귀찮은, 괴롭히는, 지겨운, 귀찮게하는 answering: 상응하는, 응답의 ant: 개미

anxiously: 걱정스럽게, 근심하여, 걱정하여 anyhow: 되는 대로, 적당히, 적어도, 어떻게든, 아무렇게나, 어떻게 해서든지, 여하튼, 아무리 해도 apathy: 무감동, 무관심, 낸담, 냉담 apiece: 제각기, 한 사람에대하여, 각각, 하나에 대하여 apology: 사과, 명색뿐인 것, 변명, 사죄, 해명 appalling: 대단한, 섬뜩한, 심한, 끔찍한, 무서운, 오싹 소름이 끼치는, 질리는 apparatus: 기구, 장치, 조직, 기관, 설비 appealing: 애원적인, 매력적인, 마음을 끄느, 사람의 마음에 호소하는, 호소하는 듯한, 흥미를 끄는 appetite: 식욕, 욕구, 욕망, 기호 applaud: 칭찬하다, 찬성하다, 박수갈채하다, 박수 갈채하다, 에게 박수 갈채하다, 성원하다 applause: 찬성, 박수갈채, 칭찬, 박수 갈채 apron: 에이프런, 바텐더, 앞무대, 행주치마, 앞치마를 두르다, 앞치마, 격납고, 불쑥 나온 앞무대, 격납고 앞의 광장, 앞의 광장, 격납고 앞의 포장된 광장 apt: 적당한, 하기쉬운, 이해가 빠른, 적절한, 총기있는, 하기 쉬운, 할 것 같은, 재기있는 arbitrary: 전횡의, 횡포한, 멋대로의, 메 마음대로의, 기분내키는대로의, 임의의, 멋대로인, 마음대로의, 기분내키는 대로의, 독단적인 arbitration: 중재 arctic: 북극의, 극한의, 북극, 극한의북극 ardor: 열심, 열정, 열의 aren't: 단축형 argentina: 아르헨티나 aristocratic: 귀족의, 귀족적인, 귀족티 내는 arithmetic: 산수, 계산, 셈본, 초등수학, 산수의 능력, 산수의 ark: 방주, 계약의 궤, 볼품 없는 대형의 배, 평저선 armchair: 안락의자, 실제 경험에 의하지 않은, 경험에 의하지 않은 armful: 한아름의 분량, 한 팔 그득, 한 이름 arming: 무장, 접극자, 무장을 갖춤 armor: 갑옷, 철갑, 기갑부대, 투구, 갑주, 방호복, 방호기관, 장갑, 기갑 부대, 기갑, 갑옷을 입히다 arrogant: 건방진, 건만한, 거만한 ascending: 올라가는, 상승적인,

389 오르는, 위를 향한 ascent: 오르막, 오름, 상승, 등산, 사승, 오르막길, 올라감 ascertain: 확인하다, 알아내다, 을 확인하다, 확실히 하다, 명백히 하다 ash: 재, 유골, 회색, 폐허, 창백, 양풀푸레나무, 물푸레나무 재목, 회한을 상징하는 것, 굴욕을 상징하는 것, 금연 건강 증진 협회, 서양 물푸레나무 ashamed: 낯을 붉히어, 부끄러워하여, 부끄러이 여겨, 부끄러워 ashen: 재의, 창백한, 회색의, 양물푸레나무, 물푸레나무같은, 물푸레나무의 asparagus: 아스파라거스 aspire: 치솟다, 올라가다, 갈망하다, 동경하다, 솟아 오르다, 열망하다 assailant: 공격자, 공격의, 공격하는 assembled: 합성 보석의, 집합된, 결집한 assignation: 지정, 재산의 양도, 할당, 밀회의약속, 양도, 만날 약속 associate: 준회원, 연합시키다, 한동아리, 공동시키다, 동료, 교제하다, 연상하다, 준, 연합한, 연상하다-교제하다-동료, 연상되는 것-동아리의 assortment: 종별, 유별, 분류, 잡다한 것의 모임, 잡다한 사람의 모임, 구색을 갖춘 것, 구색, 구분, 갖추어 한데 넣은 것 assuredly: 대담히, 확실하게, 자신있게, 확실히, 자신을 가지고, 확신을 가지고 athletic: 운동경기의, 장장한, 운동가 같은, 운동의, 경기의, 운동 경기의, 스포츠맨다운 atrociously: 흉악하게, 아주 지독하게, 잔악하게 attainable: 달성할수있는, 달성할 수 있는, 이를 수 있는 attic: 다락방, 아테네풍의, 고전풍의, 고미다락, 더그매 두 고미 다락, 더그매 두 고미 다락방, 애틱 auditor: 청강생, 감사, 방청자, 회계검사관, 듣는 사람, 회계 감사원 auditorium: 강당, 청중석, 공회당, 관중석 authoritatively: 명령적으로, 엄연하게, 엄연히, 권위 있게 automaton: 기계적으로행동하는사람, 자동인형, 기계적으로 행동하는 사람, 기계적으로 행동하는 동물, 자동 장치 automobile: 자동차, 일이 빠른 사람, 자동차의, 자동 추진의

390 auxiliary: 보조의, 조동사, 외인 부대, 추가의-보조사, 예비의, 보조사, 추가의, 보조자, 보조함, 원군 avail: 이익, 도움이되다, 소용이되다, 효용, 이롭다-이익.효용, 이롭다, 유용하다, 효력이 있다, 에 도움이 되다 await: 기다리다, 에 준비되어 있다 awe: 외경하다, 경외, 두려움 awed: 경외심을 나타낸 awfulness: 지독함, 장엄, 장엄함, 두려운 일, 굉장함, 두려운 것 awhile: 잠시, 잠깐 awoke: 깨우다의 과거분사 axiom: 공리, 자명한이치, 격언, 자명한 이치 babe: 숫보기, 아기 backstairs: 음모, 뒷계단, 비밀의, 음험한, 뒷계단의, 뒷층계, 뒷층계의, 비밀 수단, 중상적인 backward: 거꾸로의, 싫어하는, 뒤로의, 개약의, 뒤로, 개악의, 거꾸로, 발전이 늦은, 후방의, 후방으로, 퇴보하여 bacon: 베이컨, 이익, 벌이, 수필가, 영국의 철학자, 정치가 badge: 기장, 표, 반자동 방공 경계 관제 조직, 기지 방공 지상 경계 조직, 배지, 견장을 달다, 기장을 달다 badinage: 농담, 놀림, 놀리며, 집적거리다, 놀리다 baffled: 실패하는 baggage: 말괄량이, 군용 행낭, 수화물, 닮고 닮은 여자, 바람난 여자, 휴대품, 닳고 닳은 여자, 수하물, 짐 bail: 보석, 뱃바닥에 괸물을 퍼내다, 보석금, 들손, 통의 반달꼴손잡이, 삼주문위의 가로나무, 들손보석받게하다, 위탁하다, 반원형 손잡이, 종이 누르개, 칸막이 가로장 bait: 미끼, 먹이를 먹다, 미끼를 달다, 매어 둔 짐승을 시켜서 곯리다, 마초를 주다, 휴식, 개를 시켜서 곯리다 balancing: 침착한, 침착하기 balcony: 발코니, 노대, 특별석, 이층 특별석, 전망대, 고물의 전망대 bald-headed: 머리가 벗어진, 대머리의 ballot: 투표용지, 추첨, 투표, 제비, 투표용의 작은공, 대통령 후보자 결정선거, 비밀 투표, 무기명 투표, 제비를 뽑다, 투표하다, 투표를 하다 balustrade: 난간 bandage: 붕대, 붕대를 감다, 안대, 쇠 띠, 쇠 테 banded: 대상 장식이 있는, 줄무늬

The Jungle 모양의 bane: 독, 파멸, 해, 파멸의 원인 bang: 갑자기, 강타, 주입시키다, 쾅 닫다, 탁하고, 탕 발사하다, 강타하는 소리, 돌연한 음악, 모두, 원기쿵쿵치다, 성교하다 banisters: 계단의 난간 bankbook: 예금 통장, 은행 통장 banquet: 연회, 향을을 받다, 향연향응하다, 연회 대접을 받다, 연회를 베풀어 대접하다 bareheaded: 맨손의 bargain: 흥정하다, 매매, 약속을 하다, 거래, 교섭하다, 기대하다, 바꾸다, 싼 물건, 의 조건을 붙이다, 헐값의 barkeeper: 바텐더, 술집주인, 술집의 주인, 바의 주인 barking: 짖는, 짖는 소리, 심한 기침, 호통, 권총, 잘 짖는 barred: 모래톱이 있는, 빗장이 있는, 줄 있는, 줄무늬가 있는, 가두어 버린, 빗장이 달린, 줄이 있는 barrel: 통, 한 베럴, 통 모양의 것통에 담다, 포신, 한 통, 통에 채우다, 중배가 불룩한 통, 통에 담다, 통에 넣다, 한 배럴, 캡스턴의 동부 barring: 이 없다면 barroom: 바, 술파는 곳 bartender: 바텐더 basement: 지계, 지하실, 지하, 최하부 baseness: 천함, 서출, 치사함, 속팀, 열등, 조악, 하등, 비열, 가짜 basin: 대야, 세면기, 웅덩이 유역, 분지, 한 대야 가득, 반층, 웅덩이, 독 basket: 바구니, 광주리, 네트, 한 바구니, 바구니 모양의 것, 바스켓, 바구니에 넣다 basketful: 한 바구니, 한 바구니 가득, 상당한 양, 바구니 가득 bass: 베이스, 저음악기-저음의, 베이스 가수, 농어의 일종, 인피로 만든 제품, 저음의, 참피나무, 참피나무의 재목, 바스, 남성 저음역 batch: 한 떼, 한 묶음, 한 번 구운 분량, 한 번 굽기, 한 솥, 일괄, 한 차례 굽는 양, 일회분으로 처리하다, 일회분으로 정리하다, 일군 bated: 곤봉으로 치는 bathe: 미역, 잠그다, 적시다, 씻다해수욕, 끼얹다, 목욕하다, 뒤덮이다, 씻다, 뒤덮다, 담그다, 헤엄치다 bathhouse: 목욕탕, 탈의실 bathing: 수영, 멱감기수영복 차림의 미인, 목욕 battered: 오래 써서 낡은, 지쳐서 초라해진, 박살난, 박사난 bawdyhouse: 매음굴

bayonet: 총검, 무력, 총검무장병, 총검으로 죽이다, 총검으로 찌르다 beaded: 거품이 인, 구슬 같은구슬로 장식한, 구슬이 달려 있는, 구슬이 된, 구슬 모양으로 된 beads: 염주 beam: 광선, 선폭, 도리, 빛나다, 가로들보, 대, 성에, 대들보, 번쩍이다, 미소짓다, 들보 bean: 콩, 하찮은 것, 머리, 머리를 치다, 열매, 적은 돈, 조금 beard: 수염, 미늘-수염을 잡다, 공공연히 반항하다, 미늘, 에게 공공연히 반항하다, 의 수염을 꺼두르다, 까락, 턱수염, 의 수염을 잡아 뽑다, 경사면, 깎아 내다 bearer: 지참인, 짐꾼, 나르는 사람, 지위를 가진 사람, 운반인, 열매 맺는 초목, 교군꾼, 관직을 가진 사람 bearings: 방위, 문장 beast: 짐승, 가축, 짐승 같은 놈, 식용 소, 동물, 짐승 같은 사람, 축생, 네발짐승 beastliness: 더러움, 불결, 짐승 같은 짓, 부정, 무식, 외설, 야만, 난폭, 구역질 나는 것, 음탕, 추악 beastly: 짐승 같은, 더러운, 대단히, 지겨운, 잔인한, 지독한, 지독하게, 지긋지긋한, 오싹 할 만큼 싫은, 싫은, 몹시 beating: 고동, 때림, 날개치기, 타파, 매질, 박정한 대우, 구타, 맥박, 패배, 채찍질의 처벌, 지게 하기 bedding: 침구, 토대, 성층, 깃, 기반, 화단용의, 깔짚, 깔깃 beetling: 불거진, 튀어나온 beg: 빌다, 구걸하다, 빌어먹다, 앞발을들고서다, 발을들고서다, 시주해 줄 것을 청하다, 애걸하다, 앞발을 들고 서서 재롱부리다, 부탁하다, 간청하다, 용서를 청하다 beggar: 거지, 악한-거지로 만들다, 가난뱅이, 가난하게 하다, 무력하게 하다, 놈, 기부금을 모으는 사람, 빈약하게 하다, 가난들게 하다 begging: 구걸, 구걸하는, 거지 생활 behold: 보다 belated: 길이 저문, 시대에 뒤진, 뒤늦은, 늦은, 때늦은, 늦어진 belle: 미인, 예쁜소녀, 가장 아름다운 소녀, 가장 아름다운 여성, 여자 이름 belly: 배, 복부, 식욕, 위, 자궁부풀게하다, 태내, 불룩한 부분, 부풀다 belonging: 소지품, 성질, 재산, 재능, 친척, 친숙함, 친밀감, 친밀, 부속물, 귀속 의식, 귀속 belongings: 소지품, 재능, 재산, 성질, 소유물, 가족

Upton Sinclair bend: 구부리다, 굴복시키다, 굽히다, 굴곡, 주시하다-굽다, 결삭, 경향, 힘을 쏟다-굽이, 당기다, 기울이다, 굴복하다 bends: 잠함병, 케이슨병 benedict: 베네딕트회를창시한이탈리아의수도 사 benediction: 축복, 성체 강복식, 감사의 기도, 축도, 강복식, 천복 benignant: 인자한, 유익한, 인정많은, 유순한, 온화한, 양성인, 평온한 besieger: 포위군, 포위자 besom: 마당비, 금작화, 닳고닳은 여자, 마당비로 쓸다, 대나무비 bethlehem: 베들레헴 betray: 나타내다, 누설하다, 배반하다, 저버리다, 유괴하다, 배신하다, 팔다, 속이다, 무심코 드러내다, 거역하다, 에 위배하다 bewildering: 어리둥절케 bewilderment: 당황 bidding: 초대, 입찰, 명령, 공고, 선언, 비드하기 bigamy: 중혼죄, 중혼 billionaire: 억만장자, 억만 장자 bind: 동이다, 덩굴, 감다, 제본, 구속하다-묶는 것, 속박하다굳어지다, 끈, 매다, 변비를 일으키게 하다, 속박하다, 장정하다 binder: 묶는사람, 끈, 제본, 묶는것, 동이는 사람, 땜질 약, 묶는 것, 묶는 사람, 가계약, 벽돌, 접합재 bismarck: 독일건설을 한 프러시아의 정치가, 창연 bite: 물다, 부식하다, 물어뜯다, 물린 상처, 스미다, 한 입, 한 번 묾, 살을 에다, 깨물다, 열중시키다, 상하게 하다 biting: 찌르는듯한, 물어 뜯는, 살을 에는 듯한, 날카로운 bitterly: 쓰게, 격심하게, 비참하게, 몹시, 살을 에듯이, 통렬히 bitterness: 씀, 비참함, 격심함, 고통, 신랄, 불황 bitters: 갈색 맥주, 고미 정기 blacker: 검게 하는 사람, 비방하는 사람 blacking: 구두약, 흑색 도료, 흑색도료, 검게 닦음, 검게 함 blacklist: 요주의 인물 명, 블랙리스트, 요주의 인물 명부, 블랙리스트의 올리다 blackmail: 갈취, 공갈, 공갈하다, 약탈, 약탈을 면하려는 자에게 산적이 부과한 공납물 blackness: 흑점, 검정, 흑색, 검음 blade: 칼날, 잎, 멋장이, 칼, 날개,

검객, 견갑골, 위세가 당당한 사내, 위세가 호탕한 사내, 혀끝, 노깃 blamed: 지긋지긋한, 빌어먹을, 천벌받을, 빌어먹을 몹시, 지겹게 bland: 부드러운, 온화한, 상냥한, 기분 좋은, 순한, 김빠진, 자극성이 적은 blanket: 담요, 덮어 버리다, 숨기다, 차별하지 않는, 방해하다, 일률적인담요에 싸다, 총괄적인, 모포총괄적인, 전면을 덮는 것, 일률적인, 쉬쉬 덮어 버리다 blast: 소리, 한 바탕 부는 바람, 시들게 하다, 돌풍, 폭파하다, 울려퍼짐-폭파하다, 폭발, 한 줄기 강한 바람, 형편 없는 실패, 총을 쏘다, 폭풍 blasted: 저주받은, 시든, 결단난, 폭파된 blasting: 폭파, 발파, 울림, 말림, 호된 꾸지람, 야단, 소리, 떠들썩한 blazing: 심한, 타는, 강렬한, 타는 듯한, 듯한, 타오르는, 뻔한 bleed: 출혈하다, 피흘리다, 인쇄된 부분까지도 자른 사진, 돈을 우려내다-찍힌 부분까지도 자른사진, 슬퍼하다-피를 뽑다, 화상물림 재단을 하다, 피를 흘리다, 피를 뽑다, 큰돈을 지불하다, 출혈시키다, 찍힌 부분까지도 자른사진 bless: 찬미하다, 정화하다, 수호하다, 은총을 내리다, 신성케 하다, 찬양하다, 축복하다, 신을 찬양하다, 신을 하다, 은혜를 베풀다, 저주하다 blessed: 축복을 받은, 행복한, 복된, 신성한, 저주받은, 축복받은, 축성된, 기쁜 blessing: 고마운 것, 은총, 축복, 행복, 가호, 식전의 기도, 복, 찬성, 축복의 말 blinding: 현혹시키는, 눈을 멀게 하는, 자갈, 새 포장 도로의 틈새기를 메우기 위한 모래, 눈을 어지럽히는, 사려 분별을 잃게 하는, 침상, 눈을 부시게하는, 눈을 멀게하는 blindly: 맹목적으로, 무턱대고 blindness: 맹목, 눈이 멀음, 무분별 blinking: 지독한, 명멸하는, 깜박거리는, 어처구니 없는, 지독하게, 반짝이는, 몹시, 심한 매우, 굉장히, 되게, 어처구니없는 bliss: 지복, 더없는행복, 다시 없는 기쁨 blissful: 행복한, 더없이 행복한 blissfully: 깨끗이 있게, 기쁨이 가득하게, 더 없이 행복하게 blistering: 물집이 생기게 하는, 격렬한, 비난하는, 통렬한, 타는

391 듯한, 창피를 주는, 신랄한 blizzard: 심한눈보라, 심한 눈보라, 일제 사격, 돌발, 폭풍설 bloated: 부푼, 훈제의, 우쭐대는, 부풀은, 거만한, 뽐내는, 만심한 blocked: 마약에 취한, 막힌, 폐색된, 봉쇄된, 통행금지 blocking: 오리대, 블로킹하기, 연출, 블로킹, 저지 현상 bloodshot: 충혈된 blotter: 압지, 기록부, 거래예비 장부, 예비 장부 blowing: 취입 성형, 재즈 연주, 분출하는 소리 blown: 핀, 숨을 헐떡이는, 파리가 알을 슨, 부푼, 불어서 만든 bludgeon: 곤봉, 강제로 시키다, 곤봉으로 때리다, 괴롭히다, 몽둥이로 치다 bluecoat: 병사, 경관 blundering: 실수하는, 서투른, 어색한, 어줍은, 투미한 blur: 더럽히다, 오명, 흐리게하다더러움, 더러워지다, 오점, 몽롱, 불선명, 윙윙거리는 소리, 더러움, 흐려 보이는 것, 흐리게 하다 blush: 붉히다, 부끄러워하다, 얼굴을 붉히다, 얼굴을 붉힘, 얼굴을붉히다, 빨개지다, 얼굴이 빨개지다, 발그레해지다, 발그레함, 언뜻 봄 blustering: 호통치는, 사납게 불어치는, 고함치는, 세차게 몰아치는, 시끄러운, 뽐내는 boardinghouse: 기숙사, 하숙집 boast: 자랑하다, 가지고 있다, 자랑, 뽐내다, 큰소리치다, 호언장담하다, 대강 다듬다, 과시하다, 가지다, 자랑 거리 boasting: 자랑하는, 자랑, 거만 bohemian: 방랑자, 보히미아 사람, 보히미아의, 보헤미아 사람, 자유 방종한 boiled: 취한, 끓은 boiling: 비등, 비등하는, 끓음, 사나운, 끓어 오르는, 일회분의 삶을 거리, 푹푹 찌는 듯한, 격렬한 boisterous: 사납게몰아치는, 난폭한, 야단법석의, 소란스러운, 사나운, 몹시 거친, 거친 boldly: 대담하게, 뻔뻔스럽게, 뚜렷이 bologna: 볼로냐소시지, 아탈리아북부도시 bolt: 볼트, 전광, 빗장, 굵은 화살, 체질하다, 빗장으로 걸다, 번개불, 음미하다, 뛰어나가다, 도주뛰어나가다, 죔못 bon: 안녕하십니까 boneless: 뼈 없는, 무기력한, 엉성한,

392 힘없는, 알맹이 빠진, 뼈가 없는 bonfire: 화롯불, 모닥불, 화톳불, 큰 횃불 bonnet: 덮개, 보닛, 남자모자, 여자모자, 테 없는 모자, 공모자 bookkeeper: 장부계원, 부기 계원 bootblack: 구두닦이 booted: 해고당한, 경골에 깃털이 난, 구두를 신은, 부츠를 신은 booth: 노점, 매점, 오두막, 전화실, 부드, 전화 박스, 부스, 칸막이한 좌석, 가설 오두막 booze: 주연, 술, 술을 들이키다, 술을 많이 마시다, 폭음하다, 독한 술 borax: 붕사, 값싸고 번쩍이는, 붕산나트륨, 싸구려물건 borne: 시야가 좁은, 마음이 좁은 borrowing: 차용, 차용어, 빈 것 bosom: 가슴, 껴안다, 내부, 마음속에 간직하다, 믿고 있는, 품, 흉부, 흉부슴속, 가슴속, 속, 표면 bossed: 돌기물이 붙은, 양각 장식한, 돋을새김이 붙은, 돋을 새김이 붙은 boston: 보스턴, 보스턴 왈츠 bottomless: 바닥의, 앉는 부분이 없는, 밑바닥 없는, 누드의, 의자의 부분이 없는 boulevard: 한길, 넓은길, 넓은 가로수길, 대로, 중심가 대로, 큰 길 boundless: 한없는, 무한한 bountiful: 풍부한, 아낌없이 주는 bowed: 굽은, 머리를 숙인, 활을 가진, 활 모양의, 활 모양을 한 bowing: 운궁법, 절을 하는, 활 놀리는 법, 휘는, 보잉 bowling: 볼링, 투구, 스키틀, 목 구 희, 공굴리기, 구 주 희 boyish: 소년의, 소년 같은, 여자 아이가 같은 brace: 바지 멜빵, 죄다, 한 쌍, 지주, 버팀대, 기운을 내다, 거멀장, 긴장 시키다, 부목꺾쇠-버티다, 흥분제, 긴장시키다 bragging: 자랑하는 것 brains: 뛰어난 지능을 가진 사람 brakeman: 제동수 branching: 가지, 분기, 가지를 내뻗은, 갈래 bravado: 허세, 허장성세 bravely: 용감하게, 화려하게 brawl: 말다툼, 말다툼하다, 소동, 소란, 싸움하다, 요란하게 흐르다 brawny: 근골이 억센, 강건한, 근골이 늠름한, 센, 억센, 튼튼한 breastbone: 가슴뼈 breathe: 호흡하다, 속삭이다, 풍기다, 휴식 시키다, 휴식하다, 털어놓다, 쉬다, 선들거리다-불어넣다, 살아있다, 숨쉬다, 무성음으로

The Jungle 발음하다 breathed: 무성음의 breathless: 죽은, 숨가쁜, 숨을 죽인, 바람 없는, 바람 한 점 없는, 숨도 못 쉴 정도의 breathlessly: 숨가쁘게 breeding: 번식, 사육, 뱀뱀이, 버릇, 증식작용, 증식 작용, 가정교육, 가계, 증식 brew: 양조하다, 꾸미다일어나려하다, 끓이다, 조짐이보이다, 조합하다, 양조, 우러나다, 꾸미다 brewer: 양조장, 양조자 brewing: 양조량, 폭풍우의 전조, 양조, 검은 구름, 앙조, 양조업 bribe: 뇌물, 증회하다, 뇌물로 매수하다 bribery: 증수회, 수회, 뇌물수수, 증회 brickyard: 벽돌공장, 벽돌 공장 bride: 신부, 새색시 bridegroom: 신랑 bridewell: 유치장, 감화원, 형무소 brilliantly: 훌륭히, 찬연히, 번쩍번쩍, 찬한히, 빈들빈들하게, 재기가 넘쳐 brim: 가장자리, 양테, 가득채우다, 넘치다, 그릇의 가장자리, 가득 붓다 brink: 가장자리, 찰나, 위기, 물가, 고비, 정상 briskly: 기운차게, 상쾌하게, 활발하게 bristle: 뻣뻣한 털, 촘촘이나다, 털을 곤두세우다, 강모, 곤두서다, 억센 털, 곤두세우다 bristling: 작은 청어, 청어속의 작은 물고기 broach: 꼬챙이, 꺼내다, 꼬치, 공표하다, 송곳, 입을 열다, 꼬챙이에 꾀다, 고기 굽는 꼬챙이, 교회의첨탑, 말을 처음 꺼내다, 첨탑 brood: 곰곰히 생각하다, 종류, 한배의병아리, 한배 새끼, 종족-알을 품다, 아이들, -숙고하다, 숙고하다, 한배 병아리, 품다, 알을 품다 broom: 비, 청소하다, 금작화, 비로 쓸다, 긴자루 부러시, 긴자루 브러시, 빗자루, 을 비로 쓸다 broomstick: 빗자루 broth: 묽은수프, 묽은 수프 brothel: 갈못집, 갈봇집, 매음굴, 유곽, 지저분한 곳 brotherhood: 조합, 협회, 결사, 동료, 형제관계, 친선 단체, 철도 종업원 조합, 성직자단, 형제간, 철도 노동조합, 수사단 brownstone: 부유계급의, 그것을 사용한 건물, 갈색의 사암,

갈색사암을 사용한 건물 부유계급의, 갈색사암 bruiser: 권투가, 난폭자, 권투 선수, 프로 권투 선수 brutal: 잔인한, 짐승같은, 야수성, 짐승같이 만들다, 무도, 잔인, 짐승의 brutality: 잔인성, 만행, 야만성, 잔인한 행위, 야만, 무자비 bub: 젊은이, 유방, 아가 bubble: 거품, 속임수, 사기, 부글부글 소리 내다, 거품일다, 허무 맹랑한 야심, 둥근 지붕, 둥근 덮개, 거품이 일다, 거품이 일게 하다, 거품 이는 소리 bubbly: 거품이 많은, 샴페인, 거품이 이는, 기운찬 샴페인 buccaneer: 해적, 해적질하다, 해적질을 하다 buck: 수사슴, 반항, 멋쟁이, 도약, 수컷, 저항하다, 흑인 남자, 뛰어오르다, 영양, 전가하다, 책임 buffalo: 물소, 아메리카들소, 수륙양용탱크 buggy: 빈대가많은, 벌레투성이의, 이륜 경마차, 말한필이끄는4륜마차 bulging: 부풀리는, 부푼 bulldog: 불독, 용한사람 bulletin: 공시하다, 공보, 게시, 회보, 회보-게시하다, 고시, 기관지, 뉴스 속보, 게시하다, 잡지 bullion: 금덩어리 bullock: 불깐소, 황소, 불깐 소 bully: 훌륭한, 약자를괴롭히는자, 위협하다, 통조림쇠고기, 마구 뻐기다, 약한 자를 괴롭히는 사람, 뚜쟁이, 통조림한 쇠고기, 골리다, 심술꾼, 시합을 개시하다 bum: 부랑자, 빈둥빈둥놀고지내다, 게으름뱅이, 쓸모없는, 술고래, 상대를 가리지 않는 여자, 엉덩이, 을러 빼앗다, 빈둥빈둥 지내다, 열중자, 놀고 지내다 bunch: 송이, 다발, 혹, 한패, 융기 bundle: 꾸러미, 다발, 다발지어 묶다, 묶음, 덩어리, 관속, 거금 bung: 쳐부수다, 마개 막다, 상처를 입히다, 마개를 하다, 마개, 막히다 bunion: 염증 bunk: 침대, 도망, 등걸잠자다, 뺑소니치다, 도망하다.뺑소니치다, 도망하다, 침상에 눕다, 침상, 터무니없는 소리를 하다, 터무니없는 소리 bunting: 기, 기 만드는 천, 멧새의무리, 후드 달린 따듯한 포대기, 엷은 깃발천, 멧새 무리, 깃발천 bureau: 국, 부, 사무소, 양소매책상, 경대붙은옷장, 서랍 달린 큰 책상,

Upton Sinclair 침실용 장롱, 편집국, 사무국, 관청의 국, 개폐식의 서랍 달린 큰 책상 burglar: 밤도둑, 강도, 빈집털이, 사기꾼, 주거 침입 강도 burly: 억센, 강한, 덜렁대는, 몸이 bury: 묻다, 몰두하게하다, 장사지내다, 몰두하다, 숨기다, 잊다, 파묻다, 덮어서 숨기다 burying: 매장, 묻음 bushel: 부셸, 부쉘단위, 고쳐 짓다, 부셸수, 옷을 고쳐 짓다, 대량, 많은 양 businesslike: 민첩한, 사무적인, 실제적인 businessman: 실업가, 사무원, 회사원 busted: 좌천된, 체포된, 파멸한 butcher: 도살하다, 판매원, 학살자, 학살하다, 도살업자, 외과의사, 권투 선수, 푸주한 butler: 집사, 하인 우두머리 식사 담당원, 하인 우두머리, 궁내성 주류 관리자 buttonhole: 단추구멍을 내다, 단추구멍, 단추 구멍, 붙들고 길게 이야기하다, 단추 구멍을 내다 buzzing: 윙윙거리는 cabbage: 양배추, 훔치다, 자투리 천, 무기력한 사람, 지폐, 재단할 때 떼어 먹은 천, 후부리다, 후무리다, 캐비지, 양배추 처럼 결구하다, 결구하다 cabinets: 캐비닛 cage: 새장, 우리, 포로 수용소, 새장에 넣다, 새장 비슷한 것, 바스켓, 골, 포수 마스크, 포가, 운전실, 가두다 cain: 카인, 형제 살해범, 가인 cajole: 부추기다, 감언이설, 구워삶다, 감언 이설로 속이다, 그럴듯한 말로 속이다 calamity: 재난, 참화, 불행, 비참 calculate: 계산하다, 할 작정이다, 산정하다, 추정하다, 이라고 생각하다, 의도하다, 기대하다, 어림잡다, 하도록 계획되어 있다, 평가하다, 추산하다 calculating: 계산하는, 타산적인, 빈틈없는, 계산용의 caldron: 가마솥, 큰 솥, 큰냄비 calendar: 달력, 일람표, 역법, 달력에 기입하다, 책력, 연중 행사표, 일람표로 만들다, 일정표, 공판 예정표, 연중 행사 일람-달력에적다, 연차 목록 calf: 송아지, 장딴지, 종아리, 어리석은 젊은이, 송아지 가죽, 빙산에서 떨어져 표류하는 얼음 덩어리, 멍청이, 머리 나쁜 아이

calmly: 고요히, 냉정하게, 태연하게, 태연히, 냉정히, 온화하게, 조용하게 calve: 새끼를 낳다, 갈라져 분리되다, 빙괴를 분리하다 calves: 빙산에서 떨어져 표류하는 얼음 덩어리, 송아지, 송아지 가죽, 어리석은 젊은이, 장딴지 camaraderie: 우정, 우애, 동료의식, 동지애 camping: 야영, 캠프생활, 캠프 생활, 천막 생활 candle: 양초, 촉광, 빛을 내는 것, 촛불에 비추어 살피다, 등불에 비쳐서 조사하다, 재산을 낭비하다, 양초 모양의 것, 별, 등불 candlelight: 저녁, 촛불, 촛불아래서 하는, 촛물 또는 불을 켤 무렵, 등불 켤 무렵, 촛불 아래서 하는 candy: 얼음사탕, 캔디, 사탕모양으로 굳히다, 감미롭게 하다, 달콤하게 하다, 사탕, 사탕과자, 설탕으로 끓이다, 설탕을 바르다, 설탕절임으로 하다, 설탕절임하다 canned: 녹음된, 술취한, 판에 박힌, 통조림한, 통조림으로 한, 취한, 미리 준비한, 미리 준비된, 동일내용의, 마약을 복용한 cannery: 통조림 공장, 통조림공장 canning: 통조림제조, 통조림 제조업, 통조림 제조 canoe: 카누, 카누를 젓다, 카누로 가다, 마상이, 카누를 젖다, 통나무 배 canoeist: 카누의 젓는 사람 canopy: 닫집, 하늘, 천개로 덮다, 천개, 천개처럼 덮는 것, 천개 모양의 차양, 차양, 원개, 도대체, 닫집처럼 가리다 cans: 헤드폰 can't: 못 하다 capitalist: 자본가, 자본주의자, 자본가의, 자본주, 자본주의자 자본가의, 주의의 carbonic: 탄소의, 탄산의, 탄소 carcass: 짐승의 시체, 형해, 시체, 뼈대 cardcase: 카드상자, 명함 넣는 통 careless: 경솔한, 부주의한, 무관심한, 괘념치 않는, 되는대로의, 마음 편한, 마음편한, 무심한, 정신차리지 않는, 조심성없는, 태평스러운 carelessness: 부주의, 경솔, 소홀, 무사태평, 무심함, 속 편함 carfare: 차삯, 버스 요금 carload: 화차 한 대분의 화물, 자동차 한대분, 최소량의 톤수, 자동차 한 대분 carolina: 미국 대서양의 두 주, 캐롤라이나

393 carpenter: 목수, 목수일을 하다, 목수일로 만들다, 대목, 목수일을하다, 목수직, 무대장치인, 아마추어 목수, 목공품, 목공일을 하다 cart: 짐마차를 사용하다, 짐마차로 나르다, 쉽게 이기다, 나르다, 짐마차, 운반차, 이륜마차, 수월히 이기다, 애써 나르다, 짐수레를 끌다, 이륜 경마차 cartilaginous: 연골성의, 연골질의, 골격이 연골로 된, 연골의 cartload: 대량, 한 바리, 한수레의양, 짐차 1대분의 짐 carven: 조각한 carving: 조각, 조각물, 조각술, 고기베기, 고기베어내기, 고기 담기, 고기 베어내기 cascade: 직렬, 작은 폭포, 종속, 폭포처럼 떨어뜨리다, 폭포가 되어 떨어지다, 폭포 모양의 레이스 장식, 현애 가꾸기, 인공폭포, 분기폭포, 갈라진 폭포, 직렬로 하다 casing: 싸개, 포장, 창틀, 집, 외피, 액자, 상자, 포장재료, 문츨, 둘러싼것, 덮개 caste: 카스트, 배타적계급, 카스트제도, 폐쇄적 사회제도, 계급, 사회적지위, 사회적 지위, 배타적 특권 casting: 주조, 배역, 낚싯줄의 드리움, 주물, 던짐, 똥, 뱀 허물, 버림, 낚싯줄의 드리움 방법의, 낚싯줄의 드리움의, 던지기 catastrophe: 대단원, 파국, 대이변, 대실패, 파멸, 지각의 격변, 튼 재앙, 큰재변, 대참사 catching: 전염성의, 전염하는, 마음을 빼앗는, 매력있는, 매력 있는 것 catchpenny: 싸구려의, 싸고 겉만 번지르르한 물건, 싸고 겉만 번지르르한, 돈만 긁어내려는, 굴퉁의, 값싼, 값싸고 번드르르한것 catechism: 교리문답서, 문답식 교수법, 잇달은 질문, 교리문답, 문답식 교과서, 성공회 문답, 공교 요리, 교리 문답, 교리 문답서 cautious: 신중한, 에 주의하여, 조심성 있는, 조심스러운, 주의하여, 세심한 cautiously: 주의깊게, 조심하여, 조심성 있게 cave: 동굴, 굴, 꺼지다, 녹초가 되다, 동굴로 만들다, 움푹 들어가게 하다, 탈당, 함몰, 굴복하다, 탈당함몰하다, 항복시키다 cease: 그만두다, 그치다, 끝나다, 중지, 중지하다, 멎다, 멈추다-중지, 끝내다, 중단

394 ceaseless: 끊임없는, 부단한 ceasing: 중단, 중지 celebration: 축하, 축전, 찬양, 의식, 식, 성찬식, 칭찬 cellar: 지하실, 석탄 저장소, 포도주 저장, 최하위, 포도주 저장실, 저장 포도주, 움, 지하실에 저장하다, 지하실에 저정하다, 땅광 cellist: 첼로연주가, 첼로 연주자, 첼로 연주가 cello: 첼로 cement: 시멘트, 유대, 접합제, 시멘트로 바르다, 결합, 백악질, 굳히다, 결합하다, 굳게하다, 양회, 접합하다 census: 국세조사, 의 인구를 조사하다, 인구조사, 센서스, 인구 조사 cent: 센트, 백, 동전 한닢, 푼돈, 동전 한 닢의 값어치, 동전 한 닢 center: 중앙, 중심, 핵심, 중추, 집중하다, 중심의, 의 중심을 결정하다, 중도파, 속, 중심에 두다, 중심에 있다 centered: 중심에 있는, 중심이 있는, 집중한, 심원이 있는 certify: 증명하다, 지불을 보증하다, 에게 보증하다, 정신 이상자라고 증명하다, 에게 증명서를 교부하다, 보증하다, 인증하다, 에게 면허장를 교부하다, 에게 면허장를 발행하다, 에게 증명서를 발행하다, 보증 하다 cessation: 중지, 정지, 중단, 휴지 cesspool: 불결한 장소, 웅덩이, 구정물, 더러운곳, 오수구덩이, 오물 구덩이, 오수 구덩이 chalk: 초크로 쓰다, 초크로 쓴 기호, 백악, 백악질의, 분유, 분필, 초크로 쓴, 호분, 초크, 색초크, 색분필 chambers: 독신자용 셋방, 판사실, 변호사 사무실 chameleon: 카멜레온, 지조 없는 사람, 카멜레온 자리, 변덕장이, 변덕쟁이 chappie: 녀석, 놈, 꼬마 chariot: 전차를 몰다, 훌륭한 수레, 꽃마차, 마차 개선차, 마차로 나르다, 사륜 경마차, 이륜 전차 chase: 사냥, 추적, 뒤쫓다, 달리다, 홈, 달아나다, 사냥하다, 의 뒤를 쫓다, 쫓아내다, 을 추구하다, 떠나다 chasm: 단절, 빈 틈, 차이, 공백, 균열, 금, 깊게 갈라진 틈, 깊게 갈라진 폭, 결함, 깊은 구렁, 넓은 틈 chat: 지빠귀과의 작은 새, 잡담하다, 잡담, 에게 말을 걸다, 담소하다, 한담, 지빠귀과의 작은새, 담소, 채트, 잡담하기 chateau: 성, 샤토, 큰 저택, 대저택

The Jungle chattel: 동산, 소지품, 가재 cheaply: 값싸게, 쉽게, 싸게, 싸구려로, 천하게 cheat: 속이다, 협잡, 교묘하게 피하다, 교활한 녀석, 사기, 협잡을 하다, 이럭저럭 넘기다, 바람피우다, 부정 행위, 사기 카드놀이, 협잡꾼 cheating: 부정 행위 cheeked: 한 뺨을 가진의 뜻 cheer: 환호, 기분, 갈채, 갈채하다, 격려, 격려하다, 기운이 나다, 음식물, 기운을 북돋우다, 환성을 지르다, 음식 cheerful: 즐거운, 유쾌한, 쾌활한, 싫은, 지독한, 마음으로 부터의, 기분 좋은, 기운찬, 마음을 밝게하는, 명랑한, 밝은 cheerfully: 쾌활하게, 기분좋게, 명랑하게, 기쁜 마음으로, 기꺼이 cheerfulness: 쾌활하는 것 cheerily: 명랑하게, 기분 좋게, 기분좋게, 기운 좋게, 기운좋게 cheering: 갈채하는, 격려가 되는, 갈채, 기운을 돋우는 cherub: 토실토실한 귀여운 아기, 아기 천사의 그림, 게루빔, 케루빔, 귀여운, 날개있는 천동그림, 동안인 사람, 아름답고 천진한 사람, 지품천사, 귀여운 아이 chicago: 시카고 chicanery: 속임말, 발뺌 chill: 오한, 냉기, 차가운, 한기, 춥게 하다, 냉담한, 냉장하다, 냉랭한, 풀죽음, 추위에 떨고 있는, 냉담 chilled: 냉장한, 냉각한, 냉강된, 냉경한, 칠드 주물의, 차가워진 chilling: 냉담한, 쌀쌀한, 으슬으슬한, 한기가 스미는 chilly: 냉담한, 냉랭하게, 냉랭한, 오싹한, 차가운, 하기가 나는, 찬, 으스스한, 추위를 타는 chime: 차임, 선율, 울리다, 돌출한 가장자리, 일치하다, 조화하다, 조화-가락을 맞추어 울리다, 울리어 알리다, 종악을 연주하다, 시각을알리다, 종을 울려부르다 choke: 억제하다, 질식시키다, 폐색부, 질식, 마르게 하다, 숨이 막히다, 목이 메게 하다, 메우다, 끄다, 숨막히게 하다, 목졸라 죽이다 choked: 메인, 숨막히는, 진저리난, 막힌 choking: 숨막히는, 숨막힘, 목이 멘 듯한 숨막힘, 목메는 듯한, 색류의 cholera: 콜레라 chop: 상표, 입, 입구, 자르다, 턱, 찍다, 절단, 품질, 갑자기 변하다, 잘라낸 조각, 음악적 재능 chopped: 개조한

chopping: 찍기, 크고 튼튼한, 깎아치기, 벌목한 공지, 썰기, 삼각파가 이는, 자르기, 삼각파 가이는 chubby: 토실토실 살찐, 잘생긴 가슴, 통통한, 잘생긴 유방 chute: 급류, 폭포, 비탈진 수로, 여울, 활강로, 활강사면로, 낙숫물 도랑, 낙하산으로 강하하다, 풍산 종자, 비막, 낙하산 cigar: 여송연, 엽궐련, 시거 cincinnati: 미국 오하이오주의 상업 도시, 신시내티 cipher: 아라비아 숫자, 암호, 영, 계산하다, 변변치 않은 사람, 자명, 암호로 쓰다, 암호를 쓰다, 열쇠, 운산하다, 을 계산하다 circular: 원형의, 회람의, 순회의, 순환성의, 에두른, 원의, 회보, 안내장, 간접적인, 고리 모양의, 고리모양의 circumference: 원주, 주위, 주변, 주변의 길이, 경계선, 범위, 영역, 주변의 거리 circumstance: 환경, 사정, 사건, 부수적인 일, 상황, 처지, 사실, 의식에 구애됨, 사태, 부대사항, 어마어마함 circumvent: 교묘하게 회피하다, 일주하다, 포위하다, 지르다, 의표를 찌르다, 우회하다, 에워싸다, 속이다, 선수치다, 빠질 구멍을 생각해 내다, 빠뜨리다 circus: 서커스, 곡예, 곡마단, 원형의 네거리, 쾌활하고 떠들썩한 것, 원형 흥행장, 원형 광장, 고대 로마의 원형 경기장, 재미있는 사람, 크고 화려한 안경, 법석댐 citizenship: 공민권, 국적, 시민의 신분, 시민권 civic: 시의, 시민의, 도시의, 공민으로서의, 공민으로서 어울리는, 공민학, 시정학, 공민답게, 공민의 civilization: 개화, 문명, 교화, 문명국, 인구 밀집지, 도시, 문명 국민, 문화 생활, 문명세계, 문명 사회, 문명 세계 civilized: 교화된, 예의바른, 교양이 높은, 문명화한, 개명한, 품위있는, 예의 바른 clad: 장비한, 입은, 다른 금속을 입히다, 덮인, 클래딩하다 clamor: 시끄럽게 요구하다, 부르짖음, 외치다, 떠들어 ...시키다, 외침-와글와글 떠들다, 시끄럽게 말하다, 소란, 떠들어대다, 외치는 소리, 왁자지껄, 떠들썩함 clang: 뗑하고 울리다, 그소리, 쾅울리다, 그 소리, 뗑그렁하고

Upton Sinclair 울리게 하다, 뗑그렁하고 울리다, 뗑하고 울리게 하다, 철커덩하고 울리다, 철커덩하고 울리게 하다 clangor: 뗑뗑, 짤랑짤랑, 쾅쾅 울리는 소리, 뗑그렁하고 울리다 clannish: 씨족의, 당파적인, 배타적인 clap: 임질, 가볍게 치다, 손뼉치기, 박수, 치다, 파열음, 일격, 탕하는 소리, 툭 두드리기, 철썩때리다, 파닥이다 clark: 남자이름 clasp: 껴안다, 죔쇠, 악수, 포옹, 에 휘감기다, 꽉 쥐다, 꼭 쥐다, 버클, 걸쇠, 전투 기장, 쥠 class-conscious: 계급 의식을 가진 claw: 집게발, 순경, 손톱으로 할퀴다, 사람 손, 체포하다, 갈고리 발톱, 발톱꼴의 것, 고리 발톱이 있는 발, 이물을 바람머리로 돌리다, 긁어모으다, 움켜잡음 cleanliness: 청결, 깨끗함을 좋아함, 명백함, 깨끗한, 결백, 깨끗함 clear-cut: 윤곽이 뚜렷한, 선명한, 명쾌한, 윤곽이 렷한 뚜 cleaver: 쪼개는 것, 고기 베는 큰 칼, 고기 써는 식칼, 가르는 사람, 쪼개는 사람, 가르는 것 clench: 단단히 쥐기, 이를 악물기, 악물다, 부르쥐다, 결말을 짓다, 단단히 쥐다, 끝을 꼬부리다, 꾹 다물어지다, 끝을 꼬부리기, 꽉죄다, 치를 떨기 clerical: 목사, 목사의, 성직권지지자, 서기, 서기의, 성직복, 성직자의, 법의, 사무원, 서기의 성직자, 성직자의 부당한 세력 cleverly: 완전히, 영리하게, 잘, 실수없이, 솜씨좋게, 솜씨 있게, 교묘하게 climax: 절정, 점층법, 최고조, 극상, 클라이맥스, 엑스터시, 클라이맥스에 달하다, 최고점, 오르가슴, 성적 쾌감의 절정, 극점 cling: 달라붙다, 집착하다, 배어들다, 착 달라 붙다, 접근을 유지하다, 애착을 가지고 떨어지지 않다, 따라서 나아가다, 들러붙다, 달라붙어 안 떨어지다, 고수하다, 달라 붙다 clinging: 남에게 의존하는, 몸에 착 붙는, 달라 붙는, 끈덕진, 감겨 붙는, 들러붙는, 몸의 윤곽이 드러나는, 밀착성의 clip: 클립, 자르다, 질주하다, 둘러싸다, 잘라내다, 양털의 분량, 오려내다, 재빠르게 움직이다, 재빠른 동작, 쥐다, 클립으로 고정되다

clockwork: 태엽장치, 시계 장치, 시계장치, 시계장치같은, 태엽 장치, 태엽 장치와 같은, 태엽 장치의, 시계 장치와 같은, 시계 장치의 closet: 벽장, 사실, 비밀의, 변소, 작은 방, 비실제적인, 변기, 밀담시키다, 들어박히다, 들어박혀 있다, 다락장 clover: 클로버, 토끼풀 clubbed: 곤봉 모양의, 손가락 끝이 굵은, 곤봉모양의 clubhouse: 클럽회관, 갱의실 clutched: 초조한, 긴장한 coachman: 마부, 제물 낚시 coarse: 야비한, 조잡한, 결이 거친, 조제의, 하치의, 천한, 상스러운, 추잡한, 눈, 굵은, 거친 coating: 코팅, 입힘, 상의용 옷감, 코트, 칠, 입힌 것, 도료, 겉에 입히는 것, 걸칠, 코트 감, 웃옷 감 cocked: 위로 젖혀진, 위로 향하게 한 coddle: 약한 불로 삶다, 나약한 사람, 어하다, 소중히 하다, 버릇없이기르다, 달걀 따위를 뭉근불에 삶다, 버릇 없이 기르다, 버릇 귀하게 기르다 coffin: 관, 관에 넣다, 낡은 배, 납관하다, 널, 말굽뼈 cog: 속임수, 부정 수단을 쓰다, 큰 조직 안에서 일하는 사람, 이, 사기, 장부, 장부로 잇다, 속이다, 톱니바퀴, 실수하다, 부정 coin: 경화, 주조하다, 가짜돈을 만들다, 경화를 넣으면 작동하는, 경화의, 만들어내다, 주화, 화폐를 주조하다, 금전, 돈, 화폐-주조하다 coincidence: 일치, 부합, 동시에 일어난 사건, 동시에 일어남, 동시발생, 동시에일어난 사건, 동시 발생, 우연히 같이 일어난 사건 cold-blooded: 잡종의, 추위에 민감한, 냉담한, 냉혈의 cold-water: 금주 집단의, 냉수를 쓰는, 온수 설비가 없는 cole: 서양평지, 양배추의 일종, 체강의 뜻, 평지류, 서양 평지 college-bred: 대학 출신의, 대학교육을 받은 colloquy: 담화, 회화, 대화, 회담, 자유토의, 정식의 담화 color: 색, 안색, 군기, 개성, 착색, 채색하다, 입장, 물들다, 윤색하다, 빛깔, 얼굴을 붉히다 colorado: 콜로라도 강, 콜로라도, 미국서부의주, 콜로라도 감자잎벌레 colored: 유색의, 색의, 흑인의, 문장을 꾸민, 착색한, 채색되어 있는, 채색한, 겉치레의, 편견이 있는, 윤색한, 과장한 coloring: 채색, 그림물감, 색, 착색제,

395 혈색, 착색, 색조, 외견, 색칠 그림, 스타일, 안료 colossal: 거대한, 훌륭한, 터무니없는, 어마어마한, 놀랄만한, 굉장한 columbia: 컬럼비아, 미국, 컬럼비아 대학교, 컬럼비아호 comanche: 코만치족 comer: 유망한 신인, 올사람, 새로 온 사람, 유망한 사람, 온사람, 오는 사람, 올 사람 comfortably: 기분좋게, 안락하게, 부족함이 없이 comforter: 이불, 고무 젖꼭지, 위안을 주는 사람, 털목도리, 성령, 위안물, 위안자, 위안하는 사람, 조붓하고 긴 털실 목도리, 위안을 주는 것 comic: 희극의, 만화 책, 희극 배우, 만화의, 우스꽝스러운, 희극적인, 희극배우, 희극 영화, 우스운, 만화란, 만화 잡지 comical: 우스꽝스러운, 익살스러운, 만화의, 희극의 commonplace: 평범한, 평범한 일, 상투어, 진부한, 흔해빠진말, 비망록, 다반사, 평범한 것, 흔해빠진 말, 흔해빠진 이야기 commotion: 동요, 폭동, 격동, 동란, 소동, 소요 communism: 공산주의 compact: 계약, 아담한, 간결한, 굳히다, 소형 자동차, 치밀한, 으로 된, 계약을 맺다, 콤팩트, 꽉 들어찬, 구성하다 compel: 강요하다, 강제하다, 억지로 복종시키다, 억지로 시키다, 강제적인, 억지로...시키다 complacently: 만족하여 complexion: 안색, 외관, 형세, 모양, 양상, 형편, 혈색, 얼굴빛, 얼굴의 살갗 composed: 침착한, 으로 구성되어, 차분한 comprehend: 이해하다, 포함하다, 함축하다 comrade: 동무, 동지, 친구, 동료, 동료다운, 전우, 조합원 concealed: 숨기는 concussion: 격동, 진동, 진탕, 협박, 뇌진탕 conductor: 전도체, 지휘자, 안내자, 지도자, 피뢰침, 차장, 관리인, 수로 도관, 도체, 도선, 경영자 confederate: 공모한, 동맹국, 동맹시키다, 공모자, 동맹한, 동류, 남부 동맹의, 동맹하다, 연합국, 연합한, 연맹한 confess: 자인하다, 자백하다, 고해를 듣다, 고해하다, 참회하다, 고백하다,

396 자공하다, 공언하다 confessed: 정평있는, 명백한, 인정된, 인정받은, 자인한 confidential: 심복의, 기밀의, 비밀의, 속 이야기를 터놓는, 친숙한, 신임하는, 신임이 두터운, 신뢰할 수 있는, 격의 없는, 내밀한 confidingly: 신뢰하여, 철석같이 믿고 confinement: 제한, 감금, 해산, 유폐, 틀어박힘, 억류, 한계, 산욕, 국한, 해산자리에 누움 confirmation: 확인, 확정, 확증, 견진성사, 확립, 증언, 증거, 비준, 견고하게함, 시인, 견진 성사 confound: 혼동하다, 꺾다, 저주하다, 좌절시키다, 제기랄, 당황케하다, 곤혹케 하다, 난처하게 하다, 당황케 하다, 제기랄 가벼운 욕 망할 자식, 제기랄 망할 자식 confusing: 혼란시키는, 당황케 하는, 당황케하는 congenial: 마음이 맞는, 같은 정신의, 같은 성질의, 알맞은, 성미에 맞는, 취미가 같은, 같은성질의, 얼리는 congenital: 타고난, 선천적인 congratulation: 축하, 경하, 축사 congratulations: 축하합니다, 축하드립니다, 축하한다, 축하해 conjunction: 접속사, 결합, 연결, 접속, 합, 동시 발생, 접합, 합동, 삭, 연락 conquer: 정복하다, 극복하다, 손아귀에 넣다, 억누르다, 획득하다, 승리를얻다, 타파하다, 공략하다, 이가다, 승리를 얻다 conquered: 패자, 피정복자 conservatism: 보수주의, 줄잡아, 수수한, 줄잡은, 보존물, 보수적인 사람, 보수적인, 방부제, 영국 보수당의, 낡은 것을 고수하는 사람, 고루한 consist: 양립하다, 에 있다, 일치하다, 에 존재하다, 되어있다, 로되다, 일관성, 이루어져 있다, 농도, 되어 있다, 견실성 consolation: 위로, 위자, 위안이 되는 것, 위안이 되는것, 위안, 위안의, 위문의 console: 위로하다, 콘솔, 연주대, 소용돌이 모양의 까치발, 관제용 계기반, 콘솔형 캐비닛, 캐비닛, 제어장치, 제어 탁자, 위문하다, 소용돌이꼴 초엽 conspicuous: 두드러진, 확실히 보이는, 눈에 잘 띄는, 현저한, 저명한, 이채를 띤, 뛰어난, 뚜렷한 conspicuously: 현저하게 conspiracy: 음모, 공동모의, 공모,

The Jungle 동시발생, 모의, 불법공모, 음모단, 불법 공모 consult: 고려하다, 상의하다, 참고하다, 찾다, 의견을 묻다, 조사하다, 의견을 듣다, 상담하다, 진찰을 받다, 의논하다, 컨설턴트 직을 맡다 consulting: 자문의, 진찰 전문의, 잔찰을 위한, 진찰의, 고문의 consume: 소비하다, 다하다, 소멸하다, 소멸시키다, 바싹 여위게 하다, 소비되다, 마음을 좀먹다, 다써버리다, 다 먹어버리다, 소모하다, 낭비하다 contagion: 전염병, 전염력, 감염, 감화력, 나쁜 감화, 접촉전염, 폐풍, 접촉 전염 contemplate: 예기하다, 응시하다, 정관하다, 기도하다, 하려고생각하다, 눈여겨보다, 명상하다, 묵상하다, 숙고하다, 심사숙고하다, 심사하다 contempt: 치욕, 경멸, 모욕, 멸시, 모멸, 수치, 업신여김, 창피, 모욕죄 contemptuous: 경멸적인, 사람을 얕잡아보는, 오만 무례, 경멸하여 contented: 만족하고 있는, 흡족해 하는, 달갑게 하는, 만족한 contentedly: 만족스럽게 continual: 빈번한, 계속적인, 끊임없는, 자주 일어나는, 연속적인 contractor: 수축근, 청부인, 계약자, 토건업자, 도급자 contrary: 반대의, 심술궂은, 상반하는 사물, 정반대, 반대로, 거꾸로, 역, 불리한, 거꾸로의, 반대명제, 외고집의 contrived: 부자연스러운, 인위적인 contriving: 도모 convenience: 편의, 편리, 변소, 편리한 것, 형편좋음, 이기, 편익, 사정, 공중 변소 conversational: 회화체의, 이야기 잘하는, 회화의, 이야기하기 좋아하는, 좌담식의, 좌담을 잘하는 converse: 담화, 교제, 반대, 뒤바뀐, 전환 명제, 친하게 사귀다, 함께 이야기하다, 역, 거꾸로의, 이야기하다, 회화 convert: 횡령하다, 개종자, 바꾸다, 추가 득점을 하다, 추가 득점이 되다, 차환하다, 전환하다, 변화하다, 변하게 하다, 개심시키다, 개심자 convey: 양도하다, 전달하다, 나르다, 전하다, 뜻하다, 알리다, 옮기다, 나타내다, 운반하다, 시사하다 convicted: 유죄를 선고하는, 유죄를 입증하는, 죄를 깨닫게 하는 convince: 확신시키다, 납득시키다,

수긍하게하다 convulsion: 격동, 웃음의 발작, 경련, 동란, 이변, 포복 절도, 동요, 경기, 변동 convulsions: 경련, 웃음의 발작 convulsive: 경련성의, 발작적인, 경련을 일으킨 듯한, 격동적인 convulsively: 발작적으로 cooperative: 협동조합, 협동의, 협력적인, 조합의, 소비조합의, 협조적인, 협동조합의 매점, 협동주택 cords: 굴레, 코듀로이 바지 cork: 코르크, 코르크마개를 하다, 코르크 먹을 칠하다, 코르크나무, 코르크 제품, 억누르다, 낚시찌, 코르크화 되다, 코르크화되다, 코르크로 만든, 코르크 마개를 하다 corn: 옥수수, 밀, 티눈, 곡물, 낟알, 못, 귀리, 감상적인 음악, 곡초, 뿔이 있는의 뜻, 소금을 뿌리다 corned: 소금에 절인, 소금에절인, 술취한 cornered: 구석에 몰린, 한 모서리의, 진퇴 양난의 cornet: 코넷, 기병대 기수, 흰 모자, 신호기, 코넷 주자, 코넷 음전, 원뿔꼴의 종이 봉지, 나팔, 종이봉지, 원뿔 꼴의 종이 봉지 cornucopia: 풍부, 그런 모양의 장식, 원뿔꼴 종이 봉지, 풍요의 뿔, 뿔모양의 그릇, 풍요의뿔 corollary: 계, 당연한결과, 추론 corpse: 시체, 송장 correspond: 일치하다, 교신하다, 에 상당하다, 조화하다, 교환하다, 부합하다, 왕래하다, 상당하다, 서신 왕래하다, 에 대응하다, 에 해당하다 corrupt: 타락시키다, 타락한, 개악하다, 오염된, 매수하다, 순수성을 잃은, 부정한, 뇌물이 통하는, 믿을 수 없는, 부도덕한, 전와된 cortege: 수행원, 행렬, 시종 cosey: 포근한, 아늑한, 신중한 보온 커버 cosmetics: 화장품 cosmic: 우주의, 광대무변한, 질서있는, 질서정연한, 광대한, 질서 있는 cosy: 기분 좋은, 보온 커버, 있기 편한, 차양이 있는 이인용 의자 cot: 오두막집, 달아맨 침대, 간이 침대, 병원 침대, 소아용 침대, 씌우개, 집, 가리개, 색, 소아용침대, 시골집 cough: 기침, 기침하다, 불연소음을 내다, 을 마지못해 건네다, 을 마지못해 털어놓다, 기침병, 죄를

Upton Sinclair 자백하다, 기침소리, 불연소음, 기침 소리를 내다, 헛기침하다 counterfeit: 위조하다, 흉내내다, 모조의, 모조품, 모조하다, 허위의, 위조의, 위조 물건, 와 아주 흡사하다, 위작, 속이다 counting: 집계, 개표, 계산, 계산의 countryman: 동향인, 촌사람, 지방의 주민, 같은 나라 사람, 시골사람, 동포 courtesy: 호의, 예의, 예의상의, 정중함, 우대, 친절, 우대의, 공손, 인사, 정중한 행위, 특별 대우 courtroom: 법정 courtyard: 안뜰, 안마당, 마당 cowardly: 겁을 내어, 겁많은, 비겁한, 비열한, 비겁하게도, 겁 많은 cower: 움츠리다, 움츠러들다, 웅크리다, 위축하다 cracked: 금이 간, 깨진, 갈라진, 미친, 떨어진, 변성한, 손상된, 모소리가 변한, 뻐개진, 쉰, 어리석은 crackers: 머리가돈, 열중한, 멍한, 머리가 돈, 미친, 호두 까는 기구 cracking: 굉장히 좋은, 매우, 열분해, 분류, 빠른, 굉장히, 아주 멋진, 철저한, 크래킹, 활발한, 맹렬한 crackling: 매력적인 여성들, 오득오득한 가죽살, 딱딱 소리내기, 우지직우지직소리를 냄, 파삭파삭함, 딱딱하는 소리를 냄, 찌끼, 우지직우지직하는 소리를 냄 cradle: 요람, 발상지, 낫에 덧대는 틀, 선광기, 요람에 넣다, 흔들어 어르다, 어린시절, 어린이 침대, 요람모양의 받침대, 선광대, 애무하다 crap: 쓰레기, 허튼소리, 허튼 소리를 하다, 찌꺼기, 지는 숫자가 나오다, 엉망으로 만들다, 허풍, 배변하다, 배변, 바보 같은, 똥 crashing: 완전한, 철저한, 특별한, 예외적인, 두려울만한, 두려운, 놀라울만한, 최고의 craving: 갈망, 열망, 간원 강렬한, 갈망하는, 열망하는 crawl: 기어가다, 들끓다, 서행하다, 근질근질하다, 활어조, 살금살금 걸어다니다, 댄스, 크롤 수영법, 우글거리다, 크롤로 헤엄치다, 포복 crawling: 크롤링, 벼룩이 꾄, 이가 꾄 crazed: 발광한, 빙렬이 나게 구운 creek: 작은 만, 후미, 작은 내, 크리크 동맹, 크리크 말, 크리크족, 지류, 내포, 작은내, 크리크, 크리크 사람 creep: 포복, 기다, 살살 기다, 소리를 죽여 걷다, 근질근질하다, 탐해구로 해저를 더듬다, 지층의 변형, 점점 어긋나 움직이다, 섬뜩해지는 느낌, 살금살금 걷다, 슬며시 접근하다

creeping: 탐해법, 남몰래 빌붙는, 기어 돌아다니는, 아첨, 느린, 근질근질한 느낌, 기기, 근질근질하는, 포복, 잠행성의, 은밀한 cringe: 움씰하다, 굽실거리다, 싫증이 나다, 진력나다, 알랑거리다, 아첨하다, 비굴한 태도, 굽실거림, 움츠러들다 cripple: 불구자, 발판, 위력없는 투구, 신체 장애자, 소택지, 서투른 선수, 병신으로 만들다, 병신, 절름발이, 해치다, 폐인 crippled: 무능력한, 불구의 criterion: 표준, 기준, 특징 critically: 혹평하여, 비평적으로, 아슬아슬하게, 위태롭게, 위급하게, 가까스로 crockery: 오지그릇, 도자기류, 사기그릇, 토기류 crony: 친구, 다정한친구, 단짝, 벗 crossly: 거꾸로, 뿌루퉁하게, 가로로, 가로, 심술궂게, 심사가 나서, 반대로, 비스듬히 crossroads: 네거리, 십자로 crouch: 웅크림, 굽실거리다, 몸을 구부리다, 쭈그리다, 쪼그리고 앉다, 비굴하게 굽실거림, 오그라지다, 움츠리다, 웅크리다, 위축되다, 바싹 웅크리다 crowded: 붐비는, 혼잡한, 만원의, 파란 만장의, 다사다난한, 붐비다, 장소가 가득 차서, 가득 차서 crucifix: 십자 현수, 십자가, 십자가예수상, 큰시련, 모진박해, 그리수도 수난상, 그리스도 수난상, 십자 매달리기 cruelly: 잔인하게, 몹시, 지독하게, 잔혹하게 cruelty: 잔학, 잔인한 행위, 끔찍함, 잔혹, 학대, 잔인성, 무자비 cruet: 양념병, 양념병대, 주수 병 crumbs: 아이쿠, 이런 crusade: 십자군, 성전, 개혁운동, 개혁 운동에 참여하다, 십자군에 참가하다, 개혁 운동, 숙청 운동, 박멸 운동 crush: 붐빔, 진압, 압착하다, 눌러 터뜨림, 과즙, 궤멸시키다, 짝패, 혼잡, 분쇄, 서로 밀고 들어가다, 무너지다 crushed: 진압하는, 압착하는, 쑤셔 넣는, 서로 밀고 들어가는, 밀어 넣는, 무너지는, 눌러 부수는, 궤멸시키는, 구김살투성이로 만드는 crushing: 눌러 터뜨리는, 압도적인, 박살내는, 결정적인, 분쇄하는, 궤멸적인, 눌러 터뜨리는 것 crust: 철면피, 빵 껍질, 겉껍질로

397 덮다, 딱딱한 표면, 머리, 부스럼 딱지, 겉, 양식, 뻔뻔스러움, 식빵의껍질, 생계 crutch: 협장, 까치발, 목다리, 버팀목, 샅, 여자용 안장의 등자, 당목 모양의 지팡이, 고물의 팔꿈치꼴 버팀목, 목다리로 걷다, 크러치, 차주 cue: 큐, 기분, 역할, 단서, 계기, 신호, 행동을 유도하는 자극, 연주 지시 악절, 행동 개시의 지시를 주다, 실마리, 에게 신호를 주다 cultivated: 경작된, 양식된, 세련된, 개간된, 배양된, 교양있는, 재배된, 교양 있는 cultured: 교화된, 재배된, 교양있는, 문화를 가진, 세련된, 양식된 cunning: 교묘한, 교활한, 귀여운, 노련한, 멋있는, 숙련, 솜씨, 현명한, 재간있는, 약삭빠른, 빈틈없음 cur: 망종, 똥개, 들개, 쌍놈, 겁쟁이, 불량배 curb: 구속, 억제하다, 재갈을 물리다, 정자 테, 비절후종, 장외 시장, 연석을 깔다, 연석, 재갈, 장외 시장의 중개인들, 고삐 curiosity: 호기심, 골동품, 진기함, 진기한 것, 신기함, 진기한것 curl: 맴돌다, 때려 눕히다, 물결치게 하다, 꼬다, 곱슬곱슬해지다, 곱슬곱슬하게 하다, 위축병, 컬링놀이를 하다, 납작하게 만들다, 컬, 고수머리 curled: 위축병에 걸린, 오그라든, 소용돌이 꼴의, 두르르 말린, 곱슬털의, 고수머리의 curling: 컬링, 말리기 쉬운, 말림, 위축, 머리 지지는데 쓰이는, 말려 올라감, 말아 지지기 curse: 저주하다, 월경, 저주, 재앙, 파문하다, 욕지거리하다, 천벌을 내리다, 저주의 말, 파문, 괴롭히다, 독설 cursed: 저주할, 심술궂은, 저주스러움, 심술통, 지겨운, 심사 사나운, 저부받은, 천벌받은, 지긋지긋한, 가증스러운, 저주 받은 cursory: 서두르는, 엉성한, 소홀한피상적인, 마구잡이의, 조잡한 cut-and-dried: 틀에 박힌, 활기 없는, 무미건조한, 미리결정된, 신선함이 없는, 진부한 cyclist: 자전거 타는 사람, 자전거로 여행 하는 사람, 자전거타는사람 cyclone: 대폭풍, 선풍, 열대성 저기압, 집진 장치, 온대성저기압, 큰 회오리 바람, 회리바람 cynical: 빈정대는, 냉소적인, 견유학파의, 세상을 백안시하는 cynically: 냉소적으로

398 dago: 남유럽인, 이탈리아, 스페인 사람 등, 포르투갈 사람, 이탈리아 사람, 스페인 사람 daisy: 데이지, 상등품, 훌륭한, 여자 이름, 일품, 뼈를 추린 훈제햄 dakota: 다코타 dam: 댐, 어미 짐승, 막다, 저지하다, 어미, 아이 딸리나 여자, 둑으로 막다-둑으로 막다, 둑으로 막다, 에 댐을 만들다 dame: 귀부인, 귀인, 지체가 높은 숙녀, 나이가 든 여인, 이튼 학교의 사감, 준남작의 부인, 여자 damnation: 저주, 파멸, 지옥에 떨어뜨림, 비난, 아뿔사, 악평, 욕설, 젠장, 지옥에 떨어뜨림-제기랄, 천벌, 제기랄 damned: 저주받은, 지겨운, 지독히, 넌더리나는 dampness: 습기, 축축함 dancing: 무도, 춤, 댄스 홀, 무도장, 댄스 연습, 댄스 dander: 노하다, 역정, 뼛성, 머리의 비듬, 분통, 비듬 dangerously: 몹시, 위태롭게, 위험하게 dangling: 에게 결과를 알리지 않고 기다리게 하다, 을 애타게 하다 dante: 단테 dapper: 단정한, 작고 활발한, 날씬한 dart: 던지는 창, 돌진하다, 발사하다, 표창, 던지다, 침, 침-던지다, 날아가다, 곤충 등의 침, 다트, 던지는 살 dash: 대시, 끼얹다, 단숨에 하다, 내던지다, 단거리 경주, 기운, 기미, 기를 꺽다, 허세, 충동, 위세 dashed: 괘씸한, 굉장히, 낙심한, 의기 소침한, 지독히 dashing: 기운찬, 멋부린, 화려한, 기세 좋은, 위세 당당한 dawning: 동쪽, 새벽, 여명, 동녁, 조짐, 징조, 출현, 새벽녘, 시작, 여명기 daybreak: 새벽, 동틀녘 daylight: 일광, 주간, 낮, 틈, 눈, 이해, 의식 daytime: 주간, 낮 dazzling: 눈부신 deadening: 방음장치, 무광도료, 방음재, 광택지우는 도료, 개간한 토지 deadliness: 치명적임, 집념이 강함, 맹렬함 deadly: 치명적인, 심한, 몹시, 죽음 같은, 주검처럼, 용서 할수 없는, 용서 할수 없는-주검처럼, 죽음과 같은, 죽은 사람과 같은, 매우 효과적인, 살려둘 수 없는

The Jungle deadness: 칙칙함, 무감각, 죽음, 죽은 상태, 생기 없음, 김빠짐 deafening: 귀청이 터질듯한, 방음 장지, 방음, 방음장치, 귀청이 터질 것 같은 deathlike: 죽은 듯한, 죽음과 같은, 죽은 사람과 같은 deathtrap: 위험한 장소, 화재 휘험이 있는 건물 debauched: 우혹의, 타락의, 퇴페의, 타락한 debauchery: 방탕, 유혹, 유흥 debris: 파괴의 자취, 쓰레기, 파편, 부스러기 deceive: 속이다, 미혹시키다, 사기하다 deceived: 사기하는 decencies: 보기 흉하지 않음, 어엿한 생활에 필요한 것, 예절 바름, 관대 decency: 예의, 체면, 점잖음, 예의 범절, 체면상, 보통의 살림에 필요한 물건, 어엿한 생활에 필요한 것, 예절 바름, 보기 흉하지 않음, 관대 decently: 친절하게, 볼썽사납지 않게, 상당히, 예의바르게, 훌륭하게, 품위 있게, 제법, 적절하게, 괜찮게, 점잖게, 품위있게 decisive: 결정적인, 확고한, 과단성 있는, 움직이기 어겨운, 단화한, 중대한, 움직이기 어려운, 명확한, 단호한 decorated: 장식식의, 훈장을 받은, 훌륭하게 꾸민, 장식된 decoration: 장식, 훈장, 장식품, 서훈, 장식법 decorations: 장식물 decoy: 유인하다, 꾀어들이다, 유혹물, 미끼새, 미끼에 걸리다, 유인 못, 꾀어들이는 장치, 유혹하다, 후림새, 레이더 탐지 방해용 물체 deduct: 빼다, 할인하다 deed: 행위, 실행, 행동, 업적, 증서 defects: 결점들 defense: 수비, 방위, 변명, 수비측, 변호, 방어, 종심방어, 을 지키어, 을 변호하여, 방어적인, 화를 잘 내는 defenseless: 무방비의 deference: 복종, 경의 defiance: 도전, 반항, 무시 defiant: 도전적인, 무시하는, 무례한 defray: 지불하다, 부담하다 degenerate: 타락한, 퇴보한, 퇴보하다, 나빠지다, 퇴화한, 타락자 degradation: 좌천, 격하, 타락, 침식, 저하, 면직, 분해, 저락, 하락, 퇴보, 파면 degraded: 타락한, 퇴화한, 부패한, 저하한 deity: 신, 여신, 신성, 하느님, 신위,

신적 존재 delegate: 위임하다, 대표자, 사절, 특파하다, 파견하다, 대리자, 대표, 전부하다, 연방 하원의원 delicatessen: 조제 식료품, 조제 식품, 조제 식품 식당, 조제 식품 판매점, 총알 delicious: 맛있는, 멜리셔스, 유쾌한멜리셔스, 유쾌한, 상쾌한 delirium: 정신 착란, 황홀, 무아경, 섬망 상태 deliverance: 구출, 해방, 진술, 진술의 공표, 평결, 액막이, 석방, 발표, 구조, 공식 의견, 의견 democrat: 민주주의자, 민주당원, 정치론자 demon: 악마, 귀신, 일에 비범한 사람, 정령, 귀재 demoniacal: 귀신 같은, 귀신의 den: 굴, 소굴, 작고 아늑한 사실, 밀실, 사실, 유년단의 분대 dennis: 데니스, 남자 이름 dense: 우둔한, 조밀한, 짙은, 농밀한, 머리가 나쁜, 밀집한, 이해하기 힘든 denunciation: 고발, 파기 통고, 공공연한 비난, 탄핵 depot: 창고, 정거장, 저장소, 철도역, 병참부, 역, 고창 depressing: 울적한, 억압적인, 풀이 죽은, 침울하게 만드는, 내리눌린, 불경기의 deprivation: 면직, 저해, 상실, 박탈, 폐제 deprived: 가난한, 가난한 사람들, 불우한 depths: 깊은 곳 derisively: 비웃듯이, 비웃으며, 업신여기여, 조롱하여 descended: 유래한, 전해진 descending: 내려가는, 강하하는, 하향의 deserted: 버림받은, 사람이 살지 않는, 활페한, 황폐한 deserving: 받을 가치가 있는, 보상받을 만한, 원조 받을 만한 desirous: 원하는, 바라는 desolate: 황량한, 황폐케하다, 황폐한, 음산한, 고독한, 사람이 안 사는, 시람이 안 사는, 쓸쓸한, 내버려진 desolation: 쓸쓸함, 황폐, 황량, 서글픔, 페허, 폐허, 서글품, 황폐케함 despair: 절망, 절망의 근원, 절망하다, 자포자기 despairing: 절망적인, 필사의, 자포자기한 desperation: 절망, 자포자기, 기를 씀, 필사

Upton Sinclair despise: 경멸하다 destined: 예정된, 운명지어진, 향하는 destiny: 운명, 천명, 하늘, 하늘의 뜻 destitution: 결핍, 빈궁, 결핍 상태 detention: 구류, 억류, 붙듦, 소년원, 붙잡아둠 detour: 우회로, 우회, 돌아서 가다 detroit: 디트로이트 deuce: 듀스, 불운, 재액, 재액시합을 듀스로 만들다, 시합을 듀스로 만들다, 이달러, 이의 패, 주사위의 2, 화 deviled: 맵게 양념한, 겨자를 많이 바른, 맵게 한 devotion: 귀의, 헌신, 애착, 전념, 기도, 전렴 devour: 탐독하다, 멸망시키다, 개걸스럽게 먹다, 먹어치우다, 개걸스럽게먹다, 이성을 빼앗다, 게걸스레 먹다 devouring: 열렬한, 게걸스레 먹는, 열중시키는, 맹렬한, 사람을 괴롭히는, 탐하듯이 dey: 태수의 칭호, 옛 알제리 지방장관의 칭호 diabolical: 악마의, 극악무도한, 악마적인, 악마 같은 diamond: 다이아몬드, 금강석, 마름모꼴, 거칠지만 실은 훌륭한 인물, 천연 그대로의 다이아몬드, 다이아몬드 모양, 내야, 금강석제의, 금강석의, 다이아패 diamonds: 다이아 패 한 벌 dice: 주사위, 야채 따위를 골패짝 모양으로 썰다, 작은 입방체, 주사위 놀이를 하다, 주사위 노름으로 잃다, 작은 입방체-주사위 놀이를 하다주사위 노름으로 잃다, 주사위꼴로 자르다, 주사위꼴로 하다, 서양 장기판 꼴로 하다, 거절하다, 도박해서 잃다 dicker: 값을 깍다, 물물 교환을 하다, 작은 거래, 조그마한 장사를 하다, 조그마한 장사, 조그마한 강사를 하다, 물물교환, 협상, 십 dictate: 지령, 받아쓰게하다, 명령, 명령하다, 명령하다-명령, 지령하다, 지시하다, 구술하다, 글을 받아쓰게 하다 dies: 날, 일 dig: 파다, 탐구하다, 찌르다, 알다, 주의를 기울이다, 캐내다, 쿡 찌르기, 파나가다, 파서 뚫다, 꾸준히 공부하다, 꾸준히 공부하다- 한번 찌르기 digging: 채광, 금광, 채굴지, 파기, 하숙, 광산 digs: 하숙

dim: 둔한, 어둑한, 희미한, 둔하게 하다, 어둑해지다, 흐리게 하다, 흐려지다, 어슴푸레한, 둔해지다, 어둑하게 하다, 비관적인 dime: 단돈 한 닢의, 십센트 경화, 십센트 경화의, 단돈 한 닢 diminished: 감소된, 권위가 떨어진, 반음 줄인, 감손된 dimly: 희미하게, 어둑하게, 어스레하게, 어슴푸레하게, 어렴풋이, 아련히 din: 소음, 뇌고 되뇌이다, 소음이 나다, 소음으로 멍멍하게 하다, 귀를 멍멍하게 하다, 울리다 dingy: 지저분한, 거무스름한, 그을은, 더러운, 거무죽죽한, 평판이 나쁜 dining: 식사 dirt: 진흙, 쓰레기, 오물, 비열한 언사, 흙, 토지, 먼지, 욕, 굴욕을 참다, 폐석, 욕설 disadvantage: 불리한 입장, 불편, 불리, 불리하게 하다 discern: 분간하다, 지각하다, 인식하다, 차이를 알다, 뚜렷하게 인식하다, 보고 분간하다, 식별하다 discolored: 퇴색시키는, 변색시키는 discontent: 불만, 불만을 품게하다, 불만의 원인, 불만이 있는, 불평이 있는 discontented: 불만스러운, 불만을 품은 discouraged: 낙담한, 낙심한, 술에 취한 discouragement: 낙담, 방해, 낙심, 기를 죽이는 것, 단념시킴, 반대, 실망, 지장, 기를 죽이는 사정, 기를 죽이는 행위 discouraging: 낙담시키는, 용기를 꺾는, 실망적인, 신이 안나는, 맥빠진, 시원찮은 diseased: 병적인, 병의, 병에 걸린 disgrace: 창피, 치욕, 욕보이다, 눈 밖에 나 있음, 불명예, 수치가 되다, 총애를 잃게 하다, 망신시키는 것 disgust: 역겹게하다, 혐오, 역겨움, 정떨어지게 하다, 정떨어지게하다역겨움, 싫음, 메스꺼워찌게 하다 disgusted: 메스꺼워찌게 하는 dishabille: 평상복, 약복, 평복, 약장 disillusionment: 환멸, 환멸감 disinherit: 폐적하다, 의절하다, 상속권을 박탈하다, 의 기득의 특권을 빼앗다 dislocation: 탈구, 단충 dismal: 쓸쓸한, 음침한, 무시무시한, 참담한, 어두운, 비참한 dismay: 당황, 경악, 깜짝 놀라게 하다, 근심시키다, 당황케 하다, 놀람

399 dismiss: 물리치다, 기각하다, 떠나게하다, 면직시키다, 물러가라고 말하다, 해산시키다, 버리다, 간단히 처리해 버리다, 해고하다, 퇴거시키다, 아웃시키다 disorderly: 무질서한, 난잡한, 난폭한, 어수서한, 어수선한, 공안방해의 dispensation: 분배, 하늘의 뜻, 섭리, 시여, 하늘이 준 것, 천계법 시대, 통치, 하늘이 내리는 것, 처리, 조제, 없는 대로 견딤 dispense: 조제하다, 특면하다, 면제하다, 분배하다, 실시하다, 시여 하다, 분배 하다 dispose: 배치하다, 일의 성패를 결정하다, 처리하다, 충당하다, 할 마음이 나게 하다, 의 경향을 갖게 하다, 일의 추세를 결정하다 disposed: 배치된, 한 감정을 품고, 할 생각이 있는 disposition: 성질, 처리, 배치, 성향, 처분, 배열 disreputable: 평판이 나쁜, 불명예스러운, 평판이 좋지 않은, 보기 싫은 dissatisfied: 불만인, 불만인의, 불만스러운 distinctly: 뚜렷하게, 명백하게 distracted: 광란의, 어수선한, 빗나간 distribute: 분배하다, 분류하다, 분포하다, 확충하다, 주연하다, 배급하다, 확충시키다, 살포하다, 주연시키다, 해판하다 distributing: 분배의, 배급의 distrust: 불신, 의혹, 의심하다 disturbance: 방해물, 불안, 소동, 소란, 교란시키는 것, 방해, 침해 disturber: 어지럽자 dive: 몰두, 몰두하다, 뛰어들다, 잠수, 갑자기없어지다, 다이빙, 급강하, 탐구, 짐수하다, 잠수시키다, 짜고 하는 녹아웃 diversion: 견제, 전환, 기분 전환, 오락, 우회로, 양동 작전, 양동, 견제 작전, 기분 diverting: 기분 전환이 되는, 재미있는, 즐거운, 심심풀이의, 재미나는 dives: 부자 dizzy: 당혹케하다, 어질어질한, 현기증나는, 현기증나게하다, 현기증 나는, 지각 없는, 마음이 들떠, 현기증 나게 하다, 어지러울 정도의 dodge: 속임수, 속이다, 살짝숨다, 다지, 말을 둘러대다, 묘안팅삥, 묘안, 몸을돌려피함, 홱몸을피하다, 홱 몸을 피하다, 가 doings: 행동, 행실, 행사, 사건, 소행,

400 몸가짐 doll: 인형, 멋내다, 차려입다, 젊은여자, 인형같은미녀, 여자 이름, 친절한 사람, 마음씨 좋은 사람 domed: 둥근 지붕의, 둥근 천장의, 반구형의, 둥근 지붕으로 덮은 dominate: 지배하다, 위압하다, 우뚝솟다, 우세하다, 억제하다, 우뚝 솟다, 우위를 차지다, 지배력을 발휘하다, 억누르다, 빼어나게 솟다 dominating: 통치의, 지배의, 권세의 don't: 금지조항서, 하지마세요 doom: 운명짓다, 운명, 선고하다, 죽음, 파멸, 최후의 심판, 재판, 판정하다, 법령 doomed: 운이 다한, 불운한 doorknob: 문의손잡이 doorsill: 문지방 doorstep: 현관계단, 현관의 층층대 dope: 미취약, 흥분제, 경마정보, 도프도료, 도프를 바르다, 도프를바르다, 내부 소식, 마약 중독자, 불순물을 첨가하다, 마약, 속여 넘기다 dot: 점, 점을찍다, 점재, 점재시키다, 여자 이름, 점점이 산재시키다, 점같이 작은 것, 아내의 지참금, 적어두다, 에 점을 찍다 doubles: 더블스 doubling: 배가, 이중으로 하기, 배증, 배중, 이중으로 댐, 접어 겹치기, 접어 넣기, 급회전 doubting: 의혹을 품고 있는, 불안한 doubtless: 확실히, 의심할 여지 없이, 의심 없는 downfall: 몰락, 낙하, 멸망, 호우, 쏟아짐, 함정의 일종 downs: 다운스 정박지, 잉글랜드 남부 및 동남부의 구릉지대 downstream: 하류의, 물줄기를따라내려가서, 하류의강 아랫녘의, 하류에 downtown: 상가의, 중심가, 도심지, 도심지에서로, 상가, 도심지에서 doze: 졸기, 졸다, 선잠, 졸며시간을보내다, 졸며시간을 보내다, 졸면서 지내다, 졸면서 시간 보내다, 불도저로 파다, 불도저로 땅을 파다, 불도저로 땅을 나르다, 불도저로 땅을 고르다 dozens: 상대방 가족에 대한 농담을 하는 게임 drag: 발을 질질 끌며걷다, 끌리다, 당기다, 흙다, 써레, 끌기, 느릿느릿 나아가다, 바퀴 멈추개, 바퀴멈추개, 느릿느릿나아가다, 느릿느릿걷다 dragging: 질질 끄는, 오래 걸리는, 질질 끄는 것, 오래 걸리는 것 drain: 배수하다, 다 써버리다,

The Jungle 빼내다, 마시다, 유실, 배수, 들이켜다, 하수, 출비, 말리다, 비우다 drainage: 하수, 배수, 오수, 설비, 배수법, 배수 장치 drained: 수분제외 drawback: 약점, 장애, 핸디캡, 환부, 결점, 공제, 환불금 drawer: 제도사, 서랍, 발행인, 어음 발행인, 끌어당김을 하는 사람, 끌어당김을 하는 제도사, 끌어당김을 하는 것, 장롱 dray: 화물자동차, 큰짐마차, 큰 짐마차 dread: 공포, 두려움, 두려워하다, 걱정하다, 격정하다, 무서운 물건, 무서운 사람 dreamy: 공상적인, 어렴풋한, 꿈결같은, 꿈꾸는 듯한, 꿈 많은, 꿈같은 dreary: 울적한, 쓸쓸한, 지루한, 처량한, 음울한, 황량한 dregs: 잔재 dresser: 멋쟁이, 옷입는사람, 옷입는 사람, 장식하는사람, 의상담당자, 의상 담당자, 장식하는 사람, 마무르는 직공, 처치담당자, 장식자, 경대 dressing: 드레싱, 마무리, 몸치장, 장식, 붕대, 끝손질, 비료, 손질, 엄한 질책, 옷입기 drift: 표류, 조류, 동향, 흐름, 표류물, 떼밀어, 추세에 맡기기, 표류하다, 추세에맡기기, 경향, 되는 대로 내버려 둠 drill: 송곳, 천공기, 훈련하다, 교련, 훈련, 능직무명, 구멍을 뚫다, 조파기, 구멍을뚱다, 이랑에 씨를 심다, 드릴개코원숭이 drilling: 교련, 훈련, 연습, 송곳질, 조파법, 구멍 뚫기, 송곳밥, 천공, 능직의 튼튼한 무명 drip: 적하, 물방울, 똑똑 떨어지다, 똑똑떨어지다, 빗물받이 돌, 서교성 없는 사람, 미련한 사람, 물방울을 듣게 하다, 똑똑 떨어지는 물방울 소리, 똑똑 떨어지기, 듣다 dripping: 흠뻑 젖은, 적하, 적하 듣는 것, 물방울 똑똑 떨어지는, 뚝뚝 떨어짐, 들음 driveway: 차도, 드라이브길, 가축을 몰고 가는 길, 경치 좋은 간선 도로, 자동차길 drooping: 눈을 내리깐, 늘어진, 풀이 죽은 dropping: 낙하, 강하, 낙하물, 촛농, 듣기, 똑똑 떨어짐, 똥, 방울져 떨어지는것, 적하, 탈모, 투하 drops: 점적약

drown: 잊어버리다, 달래다, 물에 빠지다, 물에빠뜨리다, 들리지않게하다, 물에 빠뜨리다, 흠뻑젖게하다, 흠뻑 젖게하다, 물에빠지다, 들리지 않게하다, 잊게 하다 drowned: 물에 빠져 죽은, 에 빠진, 몰두하고 있는 drowning: 물에 빠져 있는, 이해할 수 없는, 혼란한 drudge: 꾸준히하다, 뼈빠지게하다, 꾸준히 하다 drudgery: 단조롭고 고된 일, 천역 drugged: 약을 먹이는, 에 약을 타는, 특히 마취제를 먹이는, 싫증나게 하는, 마약을 상용하는 drugstore: 약방, 약국, 드러그스토어 drum: 북, 불러모으다, 드럼통, 고실, 북을 치고 돌아다니다, 북을 치고 돌아디니며 모집하다, 고동, 북으로 연주하다, 북을치다, 고막, 억지로 주입시키다 drummer: 고수, 지방 순회 상인 drunken: 술취한, 술고래의 drunkenness: 술취함, 명정의 drying: 건조한여름에 볕 쬐기, 건조 dryly: 냉담하게, 건조하여, 무미건조하게, 비꼬아서 dubious: 불명한, 미정의, 의심스러운, 수상한, 불안한, 미덥지 않은, 모호한, 수상쩍은, 의심을 품은 dubiously: 반신반의하여, 모호하게, 의심스럽게, 수상하게 ducks: 즈크 바지 dueling: 결투 dues: 부과금 dumb: 우둔한, 벙어리의, 말이없는, 말못하는, 무언의, 말문이 막힌, 아연케 하다, 말문이막힌, 깜작 놀라게 하다, 바보 같다, 소리없는 dump: 쓰레기 버리는 곳, 덤프, 털썩부리다, 덤핑하다, 쓰레기 더미, 덤프하다-쓰레기 더미, 덤프하다, 지저분한 도시 덤프카, 내버리다, 헐값으로 팔다, 폐석 더미 dumping: 덤핑, 쓰레기 따위를 내버림, 염가 수출, 투매, 쏟아 버림 dumps: 침울, 우울 dung: 똥거름, 똥, 거름을 주다 dungeon: 토굴감옥, 지하 감옥, 누각 duster: 먼지 터는 사람, 총채, 후춧가루, 걸레, 소름을 치는 기구, 소금을 치는 기구, 먼지 막이 덧옷, 군함기, 마른 우물, 살포기, 여름 가정복 dusty: 먼지빛의, 먼지투성이의, 티끌투성이의, 가루의, 무미 건조한, 가루 모양의 dutchwoman: 네덜란드 여자

Upton Sinclair dwell: 살다, 거주하다, 곰곰이 생각하다, 천천히발음하다, 천천히 발음하다, 길게논하다, 곰곰이생각하다, 길게 논하다, 머무르다, 발을 올리는 것이 더디다 dyed: 물들인, 염색된 dyspepsia: 소화불량 earnest: 진지한, 열심인, 진지, 진심, 중대한, 정식, 성실한, 성실, 엄숙한성실, 엄숙한, 계약금 earning: 소득, 수입, 벌이 earthquake: 지진, 대변동 eastward: 동쪽의, 동쪽, 동쪽으로 ebony: 흑단, 칠흙의, 흑단재, 흑단으로 만든 economical: 절약하는, 검약한, 실용적인, 경제적인, 경제의, 경제학의, 경제상의, 실리적인 economically: 경제적으로, 경제상 ecstasy: 무아경, 황홀, 의식혼미상태, 법열, 엑스터시, 황홀경, 그 사용자, 망아 edgeways: 날을 밖으로 대고, 언저리를 따라, 끝에, 끝과 끝을 맞대고, 끝을 밖으로 대고, 가장자리를 밖으로 대고 egotism: 이기주의, 자기 중심벽, 자만, 자만심, 자기본위, 자기중심, 자부 egyptian: 이집트의, 이집트사람, 이집트 말의, 이집트 사람, 이집트 담배, 이집트 궐련, 집시, 이집트 사람의 elaborately: 면밀하게, 정성들여 elbow: 팔꿈치, 기역자 관-팔꿈치로 찌르다, 몰두하여, 분주하여, 의복이 팔꿈치가 뚫어져, 팔꿈치로 찌르다, 기역자 관, 가난하여, 밀어 제치고 나아가다, 엘자 모양의 것, 팔꿈치 모양의 것 elect: 선거하다, 당선된, 뽑다, 뽑힌, 택하다, 선발된, 특권 계급, 선거된, 선택하다, 선택된, 하느님의 선민들 electorate: 선거민, 유권자, 선제후령, 선거후의 지위, 선거민 전체, 선거인단, 선거후의 영토, 선거후의 관할 elegantly: 고상한, 우아한 elemental: 원소의, 사대의, 근원적인, 본질적인, 원리의, 원소 같은, 초보의, 자연력과 같은, 자연 그대로의, 요소의 elephant: 코끼리, 쌍을 보다, 구경하다, 엘리펀트 형지 elephantine: 코끼리의, 거대한, 느린, 볼품없는 elevated: 고상한, 높은, 쾌활한, 거나한, 의기 양양한, 한잔하여 기분이 좋은

elevator: 승강기, 곡물창고, 엘리베이터, 물건을 올리는 사람, 거근, 승강타, 큰 곡물 창고, 물건을 올리는 장치 elite: 엘리트, 뽑힌 최상의, 엘리트 활자, 엘리트층 eloquence: 웅변, 웅변술, 웅변법, 유창한 이야기, 유창한 화술 eloquent: 표정이 풍부한, 웅변의, 을 잘 나타내는 elucidate: 밝히다, 설명하다, 명료하게 하다 em: 전각, 여자 이름, 엠자 embarrassed: 어리둥절한, 궁색한, 무안한, 쪼들리는, 창피한, 난처한, 당혹한 embittered: 화내게 하는, 쓰라리게 하는, 비참하게 하는 embrace: 포함하다, 포옹하다, 껴안다, 매수하다, 깨닫다, 포옹, 채용하다, 서로 껴안다, 채용하다서로 껴안다-포옹, 성교, 채택하다 emigrant: 이주하는, 이민, 이주성의, 이민의 eminent: 현저한, 우수한, 유명한, 뛰어난, 저명한, 돌출한 emit: 발하다, 발행하다, 내다, 토로하다, 방사하다 empties: 빈 차, 빈 상자, 빈 통, 빈 병, 빈 광주리 enchantment: 매혹, 마법, 매혹하는 것, 마법에 걸린 상태, 마법을 걸기 enclosed: 에워싸는, 둘러막는, 동봉하는, 넣는 enclosure: 울안, 종획지, 울타리, 울, 구내, 담, 동봉한 것, 봉입물, 울로 둘러싼 땅, 동봉, 둘러쌈 encyclopedia: 전문사전, 백과사전, 프랑스 백과사전, 백과 사전, 백과 전서 endlessly: 영구히, 끝없이, 계속적으로, 가이없이, 그지없이 endurance: 인내, 내구성, 지구력 energies: 능력, 에너지, 정력, 활동력 enforce: 실시하다, 강요하다, 억지로 시키다, 강력히 주장하다, 시행하다 enforced: 강제적인, 강제된 enforcement: 강제, 시행, 강조, 집행, 실시, 법률의 시행, 복종 등의 강제, 의견 등의 강조 enlightenment: 계몽, 계몽 운동, 계발 enormously: 막대하게, 터무니없이, 거대하게, 엄청나게 enroll: 등록하다, 명부에 올리다, 입회시키다, 병적에올리다 입회하다, 병적에 넣다, 기록하다, 싸다, 입대 절차를 밟다, 입학 절차를 밟다 enterprising: 기업심이왕성한,

401 모험적인, 기업적인, 진취적인 entertain: 대접하다, 품다, 즐겁게하다, 유쾌한, 재미있는, 즐겁게 하다, 간직하다, 호의로써 받아들이다, 환대하다 entertaining: 재미있는, 유쾌한 entice: 꾀다, 유혹하다, 미끼, 유혹 entrails: 내장, 내부 enunciate: 선언하다, 발표하다, 똑똑히 발음하다, 발음하다 epileptic: 간질병의 환자, 간질 환자, 간질성의, 간질의 equip: 장비하다, 갖추다, 꾸미다, 준비하다, 갖추게 하다, 갖추어 주다, 채비를 해주다 escort: 호위자, 호위하다, 호위, 호송, 호송하다, 남성 동반자, 호위대, 경호하다, 동행하다 especial: 특별한, 각별한 esteem: 존중하다, 존중, 존경하다, 귀중히 여기다, 간주하다, 존경, 간주하다-존경, 평가하다 eureka: 발견의 기쁨의 소리, 알았다, 됐다 evangelist: 복음전도자, 신약복음서의 저자, 복음 전도자, 신약 복음서의 저자, 복음서저자, 순회 설교자 복음 전도자, 순회 설교자 일반복음 전도자, 순회설교자, 신앙부흥운동자, 복음서 저자 everlasting: 영구한, 영원한, 끝없는, 변함없는, 영원, 영겁, 지루한, 떡쑥, 영구, 영원히 계속되는, 튼튼한 나사 exaltation: 승진, 높임, 항진, 의기양양 exceed: 넘다, 초과하다, 탁월하다, 도를 넘다, 보다 크다, 우월하다, 의 한도를 넘다 excelsior: 오직향상, 더 한층높이, 대팻밥 excepted: 제외되어, 예외인 excepting: 말고는, 을 제외하면, 을 빼고, -을 빼고, 을 제외하고 exceptionally: 예외적으로, 유난히, 특별히, 매우 excitable: 흥분하기쉬운, 격하기 쉬운 excite: 흥분시키다, 자극하다, 자극하여 일으키다, 선동하다, 설레게 하다, 격려하다, 일으키다, 분기시키다, 여자하다 excited: 흥분한, 흥분한 활발한, 여기한, 여기 상태의 excitedly: 흥분하여 exclaim: 외치다, 큰 소리로 말하다, 비난하다 exclamation: 감탄, 외침, 감탄사, 감탄부호, 절규 excursion: 소풍, 관광단, 습격, 일탈,

402 수학여행, 단체여행, 할인 배, 편위, 할인 열차, 옆길로 벗어남, 소풍 단체 execute: 사형을 집행하다, 실시하다, 연주하다, 제작하다, 서명 날인하다, 집행하다, 시행하다, 수행하다, 실행하다, 완성하다 executioner: 실행자, 사형 집행인, 사형집행인 exhausted: 다 써버린, 다 퍼버린, 소모된, 물이 마른, 고갈된, 지칠대로 지친 exhaustion: 피로, 고갈, 소모, 배출, 철저한 연구, 철저한 검토, 다 써버림, 배기 exhibit: 출품하다, 제시하다, 나타내다, 투약하다, 출품물, 공개하다, 진열하다, 증거물, 전시, 보이다, 투약하다-전시 exhilaration: 유쾌하게 만듦, 기분을 돋움 expedition: 원정, 급속, 탐험대, 신속, 여행 expend: 소비하다, 들이다, 다 써버리다, 돈을 쓰다, 둥근 기둥 등에 감다 exploit: 착취하다, 개척하다, 개발하다, 미끼삼다, 이용하다, 채굴하다, 부당하게 이용하다, 공훈, 공적 exposition: 설명, 유기, 해설, 전람회, 박람회, 서설적 설명부, 주제 제시부 extensively: 널리, 광범위하게, 광범하게, 넓게 extortionate: 엄청난, 강요하는, 터무니없는, 폭리의, 과대한, 강탈하는 extravagance: 방종, 터무니 없음, 낭비, 사치, 방종한 언행 exuberance: 풍부, 충일, 무성함, 무성 exultantly: 의기 양양하게, 몹시 기쁘게 exultation: 환희, 광희, 열광, 몹시 기뻐함 eyed: 눈구멍이 달린, 눈 모양의 얼룩이 있는, 눈을 한 eyelash: 속눈썹 eyelid: 눈꺼풀, 눈두덩 fabulous: 전설적인, 믿어지지 않는, 전설상의, 굉장한, 매우 훌륭한, 비사실적인, 우화적인, 믿기 어려운, 터무니 없는, 거짓말 같은 fade: 시들다, 코스에서 벗어나다, 자취를 감추다, 사라지다, 바래다, 희미해지다, 색이 바래다, 쇠퇴하다, 지다-색을 바래게 하다, 쭈그러들다, 차츰 안보이게 되다 faded: 시든, 빛깔이 바랜, 색이 바랜 fading: 페이딩 fainting: 기절, 실신, 졸도, 졸도하는,

The Jungle 기철의, 의기소침 faintly: 희미하게, 힘없이, 가냘프게, 소심하게, 어렴풋이, 연약하게, 머무적거리며 fairness: 공평, 살결이 흼, 예쁨, 공명 정대, 금빛 fairy: 요정의, 요정, 요정 같은, 동성애의 남자, 선녀, 호모, 아름다운, 요정에 관한, 우미한, 동성 연애를 하는 남자 fairyland: 요정의 나라, 선경, 요정의나라, 도원경, 더할 나위 없이 아름다운 곳, 신기한 세계, 동화의 나라 faithful: 성실한, 신뢰할 수 있는, 신자들, 정확한, 충실한, 충실한 신도들, 정확 faithfully: 여불비례, 충실히 fake: 사기꾼, 날조하다, 가짜의, 가짜, 위조, 위조의, 첩첩이 사리다, 한사리, 모조품, 속이다, 위조하다 falsehood: 허위, 거짓말, 잘못 falsify: 위조하다, 저버리다, 속이다, 거짓임을 증명하다, 거짓임을증명하다, 의 거짓임을 입증하다, 거짓말하다, 어긋나다, 의 잘못임을 입증하다 famine: 기근, 대부족, 식량 부족, 고갈, 굶주림 fantastic: 공상적인, 변덕스러운, 상상의, 기묘한, 기이한 fare: 음식물, 가다, 먹다, 지내다, 승객, 일어나다, 요금, 여행하다, 대접받다, 운임, 되다 farewell: 안녕, 고별, 작별의 인사, 작별의인사, 작별 인사를 하다, 작별 farmhouse: 농가 far-off: 아득히 먼 farther: 더먼, 좀더, 그위에, 더욱더, 더멀리, 더욱이, 더 앞선, 더 멀리, 더 먼, 더 뒤의, 더 나중의 farthest: 가장먼, 가장멀리, 가장 먼, 가장 멀리 fascinated: 매혹하는, 노려보는 fastening: 죔, 잠그기, 닫음, 붙임, 잠그는 도구, 잠금, 채우는기구, 고정시키기 fated: 숙명적인, 저주받은, 운명 지워진, 운명이 정해진 fateful: 숙명적인, 중대한, 치명적인, 운명을 안고 있는, 예언적인 fatten: 살찌다, 살찌우다, 기름지게 하다 faucet: 고동, 수도꼭지, 물꼭지 favor: 호의를 보이다, 호의, 찬성 찬성하다, 부탁, 각별히 보아주다, 애호, 편애하다, 편애, 친절한 행위, 즐겨 착용하다, 즐겨 입다 favorable: 유리한, 유망한, 호의적인,

호의를 보이는 favored: 혜택을 받고 있는, 호감을 사고 있는, 호의를 사고 있는 favorite: 마음에 드는 좋아하는 물건, 특히 좋아하는 물건, 특히 잘하는, 인기 있는 말, 마음에 드는, 좋아하는 사람 fearful: 무서운, 지독한, 걱정하여, 두려워하여, 신을 두려워하는, 두려워, 심한 fearfully: 몹시, 무서워하며, 무섭게, 굉장히, 지독히, 벌벌 떨며, 거정스럽게, 지독하게 feasible: 실행할 수 있는, 적당한, 있을법한, 가능한, 실행할수있는, 그럴싸한, 알맞은 feast: 축연, 잔치를 베풀다, 대접, 대접을 받다, 즐거움, 즐기다, 경연, 기쁘게 하다, 마음껏 즐기다, 잔치에 참석하다, 즐겁게 하는 것 feat: 묘기, 공적, 위엄, 위업, 적당한, 업적 feather: 깃털, 깃털이 나다, 날개처럼 움직이다, 깃으로 장식하다, 깃털 같이 난 털, 상태, 조류, 종류, 페더링, 항적, 살깃 feeble: 약한, 연약한, 희미한, 의지가 박약한 feebly: 무기력하게, 나약하게 felicitous: 표현이 교묘한, 적절한, 표현을 잘하는, 경사스러운, 교묘한 feller: 벌목기, 벌채자, 벌목꾼, 공그르는 사람, 공그르는 기구 fenced: 매매하는, 펜싱하는, 뛰어넘는, 잘얼버무리는, 에 울타리를 치는, 에 담을 치는, 얼버무리는, 고매하는 ferocious: 사나운, 잔인한, 흉악한, 지독한 ferry: 나룻배, 나루터, 도선업, 항공수송, 자력현지수송, 공수하다, 도선하다, 나룻배로 건너다, 나룻배로 건네다, 나룻배 등으로 건네다, 페리 등으로 건네다 fertilizer: 비료 fervently: 뜨겁게, 열렬하게, 열심히 festivities: 경축 행사, 축제, 제전 fetid: 악취를풍기는, 악취가 나는, 악취를 풍기는 fetter: 차꼬, 차꼬를 채우사, 속박하다, 족쇄, 족쇄를 채우다 fever: 열병, 열, 발열시키다, 열광, 열광적인, 열병의, 열이 있는, 흥분 상태, 흥분, 열병에 걸리게 걸리다, 열병에 걸리게 하다 feverish: 열병이 많은, 열광적인, 열이 있는, 열병의, 열띤, 열병이 유행하는 feverishly: 불안정하게, 열광적으로,

Upton Sinclair 열나게 fiber: 섬유질, 수염뿌리, 성격, 단섬유, 섬유, 강도, 소질 fickle: 변덕스러운, 변하기 쉬운 fiddle: 바이올린을 켜다, 속이다, 빈들빈들 보내다, 바이올린, 농락하다, 시간을 헛되이 보내다, 사기, 그릇받이, 깡깡이, 빈들빈들 시간을 보내다, 바이올린으로 켜다 fiddling: 하찮은, 다루기 곤란한, 사소한, 헛된, 귀찮은, 시시한, 바이올린을 켜는 fidelity: 충실도, 충실, 엄수, 정확함, 성실, 원 물건과 꼭같음, 정절 fiend: 악마, 악령, 잔인한사람, 마귀 같은 사람, 에 미친 사람 fiercely: 맹렬하게, 지독하게, 사납게 fiery: 불의, 염증을 일으킨, 불빛의, 불같은, 불타고있는, 격하기 쉬운, 작열하는, 열렬한, 얼얼한, 인화하기 쉬운, 폭발하기 쉬운 fighter: 투사, 전투기, 권투선수, 싸우는 사람, 싸우는사람, 직업 권투 선수, 전사 figured: 모양으로 나타낸, 무늬 있는, 그림으로 표시한, 도식으로 표시한, 무늬가 있는, 문채 있는, 코드를 나타내는 숫자가 있는, 화음을 나타내는 숫자가 있는 filed: 선청하는, 제기하는, 더럽히는, 도야하는, 전송하는, 줄로 자르는, 철하는, 열을 지어 행진하는 filing: 서류정리, 철하기, 줄질, 철함 filth: 오물, 외설, 추잡, 음담패설 filthiness: 오물성, 음담패설성 filthy: 더러운, 추잡한, 음탕한, 불결한, 많이 있는, 지독한 finely: 훌륭하게, 아름답게, 정교하게, 미세하게, 잘게, 곱게, 가늘게, 멋지게, 세밀하게 fines: 미세한 입자들, 고운 가루 finisher: 완성자, 마무리 기계, 치명적 타격, 마무리하는 직공, 마무리공, 결정적인 사건, 결정적 타격 finishing: 최후의, 끝손질의, 마무리의, 끝손질의 최후의 손질, 마무리 손질 firebrand: 횃불, 선동자, 열렬한 정력가, 불붙은 관솔, 불타는 나뭇 조각 fireproof: 불연성의, 내화성의, 내화의, 방화의, 내화성으로 하다 fireworks: 기지 등의 번뜩임, 분노의 폭발, 불꽃 firing: 발포, 점화, 발사, 불에 쬠, 불을 땜, 해고, 연료, 석탄, 발화, 땔감, 구워내기 fisher: 어부, 포어성 동물, 물고기를

잡는 동물 fist: 필적, 주먹, 주먹으로 치다, 손, 손가락표, 손표, 손가락 표, 조종하다, 주먹으로 때리다, 파악 fitting: 입혀보기, 비품, 부속품, 가구, 설치, 적합, 적당한, 어울리는, 건구, 형, 입어보기 fives: 두사람 또는 네사람이 하는 핸드볼 비슷한 구기, 핸드볼과 비슷한 구기 fixing: 고정, 설비, 정착, 비품, 설치, 조정 fizz: 거품이 이는 음료, 부글부글하다, 쉿하고 소리나다, 쉿하는 소리, 활기 flabby: 기력없는, 흐늘흐늘하는, 흐느적흐느적한, 연약한 flame: 정열, 애인, 발끈하다, 광휘, 정열을 드러내다, 빛나다, 불길, 훨훨타다, 화염, 불꽃, 태우다 flaming: 과장된, 열렬한, 타는 듯한, 열정에 불타는, 불타는, 현란한, 타오르는, 눈이 이글이글 빛난는, 불을 뿜는, 색채가 타는듯이 빨간, 타는 듯이 붉은 flannel: 플란넬, 모직 속옷, 융의 일종, 플란넬제 의류, 플란넬로 만든, 플란넬제 걸레, 플란넬제 타월, 플란넬제 헝겊, 허튼소리, 플란넬 제품 flaring: 나팔꽃 모양의, 현란한, 벌어진, 타오르는, 저속하고 번지르르한, 너울너울 타는, 활활 타는 flash: 플래시, 섬광, 허식, 번득임, 번득이다, 방류수, 빛나다, 획 지나가다, 홱 나오다, 순가, 가짜의 flatter: 아첨하다, 알랑거리다, 기쁘게 하다, 실물보다 좋게 그리다, 우쭐케하다, 우쭐해지다, 즐겁게 하다, 실물 이상으로 좋게 나타내다, 우쭐하게 하다 flavor: 맛, 풍미, 향미, 은은한 맛, 양념, 멋, 향기, 맛을 내다, 신랄한 맛, 독특한 맛, 에 풍치를 더하다 flavored: 맛이 있는, 맛좋은, 의 맛이 나는, 의 향기가 나는 flavoring: 맛내기, 양념, 조미, 조미료 flee: 도망하다, 사라지다, 질주하다, 달아나다, 도망치다, 급속히 경과하다, 서두르다, 급속히 지나가다 fleece: 털을 깎다, 양털 모양의 것, 양털, 한 마리에서 한번 깎는 양털, 보풀이 보드라운 피륙, 양털 모양의 것으로 덮다, 빼앗다 fleeting: 덧없는, 무상한, 잠깐 동안의, 어느덧 지나가는, 빨리 지나가는, 빨리지나가는

403 flicker: 번득임, 깜박이는빛, 반짝임, 언뜻 보이다, 얼른거리다, 펄럭이다, 흔들거리다, 가물거리다, 딱다구리, 살랑거림, 기절하다 flimsy: 얇은 종이, 박약한, 취약한, 천박한, 얇은 원고지, 무른, 지폐, 얇은 여성복, 얇은, 보잘것 없는 fling: 시도, 내던지다, 돌진하다, 뿌리다, 메어치다, 방종, 갑자기 내뻗다, 태질치다, 욕, 발질, 시험 flitting: 훨훨 나는, 이사 floating: 유동하는, 떠있는, 부동하는, 부동적인, 변동하는, 부동, 부유, 유리성의, 해상에 있는, 떠 있는 flock: 신도, 모이다, 무리짓다, 무리, 군중, 떼지어 오다, 떼, 털 부스러기를 채우다, 털솜부스러기, 한뭉치의 양털, 털뭉치 flooding: 범람, 큰물, 홍수, 월경의 유출, 자극 범람법, 정동 범람법 florid: 화려한, 혈색이 좋은, 불그레한, 현란한, 불그스름한 florida: 미국동남쪽 끝의 주, 프로리다주 및 그 남부의 반도, 플로리다 flour: 가루를 뿌리다, 밀가루, 가루, 가루로 만들다, 가루가 되다, 가루가 많은 flourish: 휘두르다, 과시, 문자로 쓰다, 번영하다, 세찬 휘두름, 자랑해 보이다, 화려하게 쓰다, 활약하다, 융성, 번영, 재빠르게 휘두르기 fluffy: 괴깔의, 푸한, 보풀의, 모호한, 술에 취하여 비틀거리는 flush: 홍조, 흥분, 플러시, 평평하게 하다, 붉어지다, 왈칵흐름, 같은 높이의, 동일 평면의, 푸르르 날아 오르다, 평평하게, 잔뜩 가진 flutter: 펄럭임, 훨훨날다, 홰치다, 두근거리다, 퍼덕거리다, 나부끼다, 동요, 퍼덕이다, 날개치다, 빠르고 불규칙하게 뛰다, 활개짓 fluttering: 펄럭이다 fodder: 마초, 가축의 먹이, 꼴, 사료, 병사들 foe: 적, 적군, 원수, 상대 folding: 접는, 접을 수 있는, 저게된 folly: 어리석음, 어리석은 짓, 어리석게 돈만 많이 들인 물건, 우론, 막대한 돈을 들인 어처구니없는 큰 건축, 글래머 걸 출연자, 어리석은 행동 fond: 어리석은, 다정한, 정에 무른, 사랑에 빠진, 실없는, 애정있는, 좋아서, 토대, 레이스의 바닥 천, 기초, 좋아하는 fondness: 취미, 경신, 기호, 도타운 사랑, 자애, 좋아함, 귀여워함,

404 다정함, 맹목적 사랑 fooling: 장난, 광대짓, 어리석은 짓 foolish: 하찮은, 바보같은, 미련한, 어리석은 forbidding: 싫은, 인상 등이 험상궂은, 가까이하기 어려운, 장소, 험학한, 가격등 가까이하기 어려운, 무서운, 가까이 하기 어려운, 험악한 fore: 전면, 전방에-전방, 전방에, 기수에, 이 위험하다, 의 에, 앞쪽, 전방, 이물에, 앞 전방의, 앞 앞면의 foreboding: 전조, 예감, 예언, 육감 foreigner: 외국인, 외국선, 이방인, 이인, 외국 제품, 국외자 forelady: 여자 감독 foreman: 십장, 배심장, 직공장 foresee: 예견하다, 미리알다 forewoman: 여성배심원장, 여성직공장, 여자 배심장, 여자 감독, 여자 십장 forge: 꾸며대다, 철공장, 위조하다, 서서히 나아가다, 쇠를불리다, 쇠를 불리다, 단조공장, 대장간에서 일하다, 벼리다, 꾸며내다, 노 forgetfulness: 건망증, 태만, 소홀, 망각 fork: 포크, 갈래, 쇠스랑, 아귀, 가랑이꼴이 되다, 포크 모양으로 하다, 포크로 찌르다, 포크를 쓰다, 쇠스랑으로 던지다, 쇠스랑으로던지다, 서서 먹는 forks: 포크 forlorn: 고독한, 버림받은, 비참한, 절망적인 formaldehyde: 포름알데히드 forthwith: 즉시, 당장, 곧, 곧 실행해야할 명령, 곧장, 즉시로 foul: 반칙, 엉클어진, 더럽히다, 더러운, 더러워지다, 반칙하다, 꽉막힌, 악취있는, 충돌하다, 반칙의, 엉클어지다 foulness: 부정, 불결, 악랄, 입이 상스러움, 불결물, 불결한것, 사나움, 입이 더러움, 불결한 것 founder: 넘어지다, 무너지다, 창설자, 주조자, 제엽염, 침수되어 침몰하다, 침수하여 침몰시키다, 창건한 사람, 무너뜨리다, 계획이 실패하다, 침수되어침몰하다 fountain: 분수, 샘, 기름통, 원천, 잉크 통, 분출하다, 쏘다 분수, 액체 저장 용기 frail: 무른, 허약한, 유혹에 빠지기쉬운, 한바구니 분, 성격이 약한, 골풀바구니, 성격이약한, 유혹에 빠지기 쉬운, 덧없는 frailty: 무름, 약점, 단점, 여림, 약함, 연약, 과실 frankly: 숨김없이, 터놓고, 솔직히

The Jungle frankness: 솔직, 터놓음 frantic: 심히 흥분한, 미친, 광란의, 심히흥분한, 황급한, 굉장한, 미친 사람 같은 frantically: 극도로 흥분하여, 미친 듯이, 몹시, 미俗 굉장히 fraternity: 동업자들, 형제간, 우애 조합, 친목회, 협동 단체, 동호자들, 남학생 사교 클럽, 우애회 fray: 풀다, 해지다, 다툼, 닳아 빠지게 하다, 문지르다, 떠들 썩 한 싸움, 마모되다, 해어지다, 싸움, 풀리다, 소모시키다 frederick: 프로이센의 여러 왕, 남자이름 freebooter: 약탈자, 해적 freeze: 동결시키다, 얼다, 얼게하다, 섬뜩하다, 동결, 얼어죽다, 얼어 죽다, 혹한, 얼음이 얼다, 결빙, 결빙기 freezing: 몹시 추운, 태도가 쌀쌀한, 얼어 붙는, 냉동용의, 어는, 냉동, 어느, 결빙, 결빙의 freight: 운송화물, 화물을싣다, 화물수송, 출하하다, 적하, 운임, 수상화물수송, 화물의, 용선, 화물, 화물 열차 frenzied: 열광한, 격앙한, 격노한, 열광적인 frenzy: 격앙, 광란, 열광, 격앙시키다, 격분, 광포 freshly: 새로이, 신선하게 fret: 먹어들어가다, 초조하다, 부식하다, 물결치게하다, 애타다, 프렛, 초조, 에 프렛을 달다, 애달음, 안달하다, 뇌문 friction: 마찰, 불화, 마찰의 fright: 돌연한 공포, 우스운 사람, 추악한사람, 추악한 사람, 우스운사람, 깜짝 놀라게 하다, 보기 흉한 물건, 도깨비 같은 사람, 도깨비 같은 물건, 공포, 보기 흉한 사람 frighten: 겁내다, 놀라다, 소스라쳐 놀라게 하다, 놀라게하다, 무서워하다, 을러대어 ~을시키다 frightful: 무서운, 추악한, 불쾌한, 아주 보기 싫은, 아주 보기 흉한, 지독한 frightfully: 지독히, 무시무시하게, 무섭게, 몹시 frivolous: 경박한, 하찮은, 시시한, 천박한 fro: 이리저리, 저쪽에, 앞뒤로, 저쪽으로 frolic: 들떠떠듦, 장난치다, 장난, 법석, 까불다, 까붊, 장난치며 놀다, 까불거리며 뛰노는, 흥겨워 떠들며 놀기, 흥겹게 떠들며 노는 친목회 frost: 냉담, 서리, 서리로덮다, 결상,

빙결, 빙점이하의온도, 프로스트, 서리피해를 주다, 서리가 내리다, 서리피해를주다, 급속 냉동하다 frostbitten: 동상에 걸린, 냉담한, 상해를 입은, 상해를 입히다 frosted: 서리로 덮인, 설탕을 하얗게 친, 진한 음료, 설탕을 입힌, 서리가 내린, 동결된, 서리로 뒤덮인, 동상에 걸린, 상해를 입은, 희게 센 frown: 눈살을 찌푸리다, 언짢은 얼굴, 언짢은얼굴, 상을찡그리다, 상을 찡그리다, 난색을 표하다, 형세가 시원치 않게 되다, 찌푸린 얼굴, 위태로운 상태가 되다 frugality: 절약, 검소, 검약 fry: 치어, 전기의자로 처형되다, 프라이로 되다, 튀김, 흥분, 물고기 새끼, 작은 것, 고뇌, 작은물고기떼, 기름에 튀기다, 감자튀김 fulfillment: 달성, 수행, 실행, 이행 fumbling: 실수, 만지작거리는, 어설픈 fur: 모피, 거웃, 부드러운 털, 부드러운 모피를 붙이다, 백태가 생기다, 외음부, 모피의, 부드러운털, 모피 동물, 백태 furies: 복수의 세여신, 복수의세여신 furiously: 미친듯이 노하여, 맹렬히 furnace: 용광로, 시련, 화덕, 몹시 더운 곳, 작열하는곳, 작열하는 곳, 어려운 시련의 장소, 난방로, 노, 아궁이 furnish: 설비, 공급하다, 가구를 갖추다, 비치된가구, 비치된 가구, 장치를 갖추다, 주다, 설치하다, 가구를 설비하다 furnished: 가구 달린, 구색을 갖춘, 재고량이 ...한 furnishing: 복식품, 비치된 가구, 가구의 설비, 가구 furrow: 주물살이 생기게 하다, 두둑을 짓다, 보습자리, 항적, 밭고랑, 이랑을 짓다, 주름살이 지다, 주름살, 쟁기로 갈다, 고랑, 주름살쟁기로 갈다 fury: 격노, 격렬, 표독한 여자, 표독한여자, 복수의 여신의 하나, 표독스러운 계집 fusillade: 일제사격, 일제사격을 가하다, 일제 사격을 가하다 fuss: 야단법석, 싸움, 속타게하다, 말다툼하다, 몸달아 설침, 떠들어대는사람, 떠들게 하다, 떠들어대는 사람, 야단법석하는 사람, 법석을 떨게 하다, 몸달아 설치다 futile: 쓸데없는, 무용, 무익한짓, 속절없는, 효과 없는, 하찮은 gaily: 유쾌하게, 흥겹게, 야하게

Upton Sinclair gait: 보조, 걸음걸이, 걷는 모양, 걸음걸이를 조련하다, 심사원 에 걷게하다, 심사원 앞에 걷게 하다, 말의 보조 gale: 강풍, 큰바람, 흥분 상태, 환희, 폭소, 실바람, 버드소귀나무의 일종, 폭풍, 정기 지불금, 미풍, 광희 galileo: 천문학자, 이탈리아의 물리학자 gallop: 급속도, 갤럽, 갤럽으로 달리다, 급속도로 나아가다, 전속력으로 달리다, 갤럽으로 물다, 갤럽으로 말을 몰기, 갤럽으로 달리, 갤럽으로, 빨리 지나가다, 서두르다 gallows: 교수대, 바지 멜빵, 교수형, 교수대 모양의 것 gamble: 도박하다, 투기를 하다, 투기, 모험, 도박으로 잃다, 도박, 투전, 노름, 노름으로 잃다, 노름을 하다, 성패를 건모험을 하다 gambler: 노름꾼, 투기사, 도박꾼 gambling: 노름, 도박, 내기 gaol: 교도소, 구치소, 구류 garb: 외관, 복장, 모양, 옷, 의상, 복장 양식, 옷을 입히다 garbage: 쓰레기, 찌꺼기, 고기찌끼, 보잘것 없는 것 gardener: 원예사, 정원사, 외야수, 조원업자, 원예가, 채소 재배자, 취미로 정원 가꾸는 사람, 원예 애호가 garret: 다락방, 머리, 제일윗층, 초라한 작은 방, 고미다락 garter: 가터 훈장, 양말 대님, 양말 대님으로 동이다, 가터 훈위를 수여하다 gash: 깊이 갈라진 틈, 깊은 상처, 입, 찌꺼기, 여분의, 깊은 상처를 입히다, 깔끔한, 빈틈없는, 쓰레기, 에 깊은 상처를 입히다, 재치있는 gasp: 헐떡거리다, 숨이 막히다, 헐떡거리며 말하다, 헐떡거림, 숨참, 헐떡임, 열망하다, 숨막힘 gasping: 숨결이 가쁜, 경련하는, 헐떡거리는 gatekeeper: 문지기, 건널목지기, 나비의 일종, 정보의 누설을 통제하는 사람, 수위 gathering: 모임, 채집, 종기, 수확, 주름, 곪음, 접지 맞추기, 집회, 개더, 농양, 부어 오름 gaudy: 야한, 값싸고 번지르르한, 교우대회, 번쩍번쩍 빛나는, 화려한, 향연, 지나치게 장식한, 저속한 gaunt: 무시무시한, 수척한, 여윈, 쓸쓸한 gavel: 의사봉, 연공, 조세, 망치 gee: 에이 참, 어디여, 이러, 사람, 지 자, 말, 천달러, 교도소에서 큰소,

감방에서 큰소 geese: 재봉사의 대형 다리미, 야유, 구즈, 거위, 바보 gelatin: 젤라틴, 강풀 gelatine: 젤라틴, 아교 gem: 보석, 소중한 것, 지보 generously: 관대하게, 푸짐하게, 풍부하게, 활수하게 genial: 온화한, 다정한, 친절한, 쾌적한, 온난한, 턱의, 정다운, 천재의, 생식의 genially: 친절하게, 상냥스럽게, 싹싹하게 genius: 수호신, 천재, 사조, 경향, 귀신, 기풍, 자질, 진수, 천성, 특질, 요정 gentleness: 친절, 온순, 과격하지 않음, 온화함, 상냥함, 부드러움, 안은, 정다움 geometry: 기하학, 기하학책, 기하학서 germ: 세균, 싹틈, 발아하다, 배종, 어린싹, 병원균, 근원, 유아, 발아시키다, 생겨나다, 싹이 트다 gethsemane: 겟세마네 ghastly: 무시무시한, 지독한, 송장같은, 핼쑥한, 파랗게 질린, 무섭게, 무서운, 할쑥한, 심한, 무시무시하게 ghetto: 거주지, 빈민구, 유대인 거리, 유태잉 거주 지구, 빈민가, 빈민굴 ghost: 유령, 환영, 망령, 영적인, 유령의, 환상, 근소한 가능성, 혼, 을 따라 다니다, -을 따라 다니다, 대작하다 gigantic: 거인 같은, 거대한 gilded: 금도금한, 화려한 ginger: 원기, 생강, 고동색, 활력, 생강 빛깔 gingerly: 주의 깊은, 매우 조심스러운, 매우 조심스럽게 gird: 조롱, 허리에 차다, 허리띠로 졸라매다, 주다, 을 허리에 두르다, 몸에 붙이다, 둘러싸다, 조롱하다, 차다, 허리띠로 졸라 매다, 둘러 싸다 git: 멍텅구리, 쓸모없는 놈 glacier: 빙하 gladly: 기꺼이, 즐거이, 쾌히 glancing: 번쩍번쩍 빛나는, 넌지시 빗대는, 맞고 빗나가는, 번쩍이는, 번뜩이는 glare: 눈에 띄다, 번쩍이는 빛, 날카로운 눈씨, 노려 흘겨 보다, 눈부신 빛, 현란함, 얼어 붙은 얼음의 표면, 야함, 번쩍번쩍 빛나다, 현란하다, 눈을 부릅뜨고 나타나다 glaring: 눈부신, 번쩍번쩍 빛나는, 눈에 띄는, 명백한, 흘겨보는, 야한, 빤한, 현란한, 빤짝빤짝 빛나는,

405 쏘아보 gleam: 번득이다, 번적임, 희미한 징조, 희미하게 번쩍이다, 어렴풋한 빛, 번득임, 빛, 번쩍이다 glee: 환희, 유쾌, 합창곡, 기쁨, 삼부 또는 그 이상의 합창곡, 환회 glide: 활주, 미끄러지다, 미끄러짐, 활공, 미끄러뜨리다, 활주하다, 미끄럼길, 미끄럼대, 점차로 변하다, 미끄러지듯 달리게 하다, 활공시키다 glimmers: 눈 glimpse: 흘긋 보다, 희미하게 보이다, 흘긋봄, 일견, 힐끗 보다, 힐끗 보이다 glistening: 반짝이면서 globe: 지구, 공, 지구의, 공 모양의 물건, 구체, 공 모양으로 하다, 공 모양의 것 gloomily: 비관적으로, 우울하게, 어두운, 우울한, 울적하게, 음울한, 어둡게 glove: 장갑, 글러브, 에 장갑을 끼다 glow: 백열, 열정, 선명함, 열중하다, 기쁨, 달다, 만족감, 백열빛을 내다, 불붙다, 작열, 빛을 발하다 glowing: 백열의, 홍조된, 샛빨간, 열렬한, 열심인, 적열하는, 백열하는 것, 백열하는, 적열하는 것 glue: 아교, 아풀로 붙이다, 아교의, 딱 붙어서 떨어지지 않다, 아교로 붙이다 glycerine: 글리세린 gnawing: 쏠기, 갉기, 쏘는, 괴롭히는, 부단한 고통, 근임없는 고통, 갉는, 가책 갉아먹는, 에일 듯한, 에는 듯한 goad: 자극, 막대기, 격려, 격려 자극하다, 뾰족한 막대기, 막대기로 몰다, 막대기로 찌르다 goblet: 받침 달린 컵, 고블릿 goethe: 괴테 goo: 지나친 감상, 찐득거리는 것 good-for-nothing: 백수 건달, 쓸모없는 사람, 쓸모없는 goodnatured: 사람이 좋은, 온후한 good-natured: 성질이좋은 goose: 거위, 바보, 거위고기, 대형 다리미, 얼간이, 충실하여, 야유, 재봉사의 다리미, 구우즈 gospel: 복음서, 복음, 교리, 주의, 진리, 교의, 신조, 복음문 gossip: 잡담, 험담, 소문, 수다, 수다쟁이, 남의 이야기를 퍼뜨리고 돌아다니다, 잡담을 하다 gotten: 과거 분사 grab: 잡아채기, 횡령, 빼앗다, 움켜잡기, 움켜잡다, 집 기계, 흥미를 주다, 그랩, 덮치다, 부여잡다, 움켜

406 쥐다 graceful: 우미한, 우아한 graft: 독직, 접목, 눈접, 접목하다, 부정 이득, 접붙여지다, 접수, 이식하다, 식피편, 수회하다 granger: 농가 공제 조합원, 농민, 농군 granite: 화강암, 쑥돌 grapple: 맞붙어 싸우다, 격투, 붙잡다, 고정하다, 꽉 쥐다, 드잡이, 접전하다, 잡기, 완수하려고 노력하다, 잡다 grated: 일반용의 gratification: 보수, 기쁨, 만족 시키는 것, 만족, 만족시키기 것, 만족시키는 것 gratify: 기쁘게 하다, 만족 시키다, 기쁘게 해주다, 에게 사례금을 주다, 채우다, 에게 보수를 주다 grating: 삐걱거리는, 서로 갈리는, 격자, 귀에 거슬리는, 모든 연령층에 맞는 영화로 판정된 것, 창살 gratitude: 감사 gravely: 자갈을 깐, 귀에 거슬리는, 자갈이 많은, 자갈의 graven: 조각된, 감명 깊은, 마음에 새겨진, 새긴 graves: 포도주, 그라부산 graveyard: 묘지, 묘소 gray: 회색, 음침한, 원숙한, 늙은, 박명, 창백한, 백발의, 황혼, 회색의, 그레이, 노년의 grease: 그리스, 기름, 뇌물, 에 증회하다, 에 기름을 바르다, 지방, 유지, 에기름을 바르다, 수지, 에 기름을 치다 greasing: 기름치는 것 greasy: 알랑거리는, 진창의, 미끈미끈한, 기름을 바른, 기름기 많은, 기름투성이의, 번질번질한, 기름 바른 greed: 욕심, 탐욕 greedy: 탐욕스러운, 걸신들린, 열망하는, 게걸스러운, 대식하는 greenish: 초록빛이 도는 greet: 들어오다, 보이다, 인사하다, 들리다, 맞다, 에게 인사하다, 눈에 띄다 gregarious: 사교적인, 군거성의, 무리의, 군생하는, 군거하는 gridiron: 석쇠, 도로망, 격자 모양의 것, 무대 천장의 창살 모양의 대들보, 미식축구장, 미식 축구 경기장, 창살 모양의 것, 미국 국기 grievance: 불만, 불평거리, 불만의 씨 grim: 엄한, 무서운, 불굴의, 험상궂은, 잔인한, 얼굴이 무서운, 완강한 grimly: 잔인하게, 엄하게,

The Jungle 으스스하게, 무시무시하게, 무섭게, 기분나쁘게, 험악하게 grin: 이빨을 드러내다, 씩웃다, 히죽히죽 웃음, 이를 악물고 감정을 나타내다, 이를 드러내고 웃다, 이를 드러내고 나타내다, 이를 드러내고 감정을 나타내다, 싱글싱글 웃음, 이를 악물고 나타내다 grind: 가루가 되다, 돌리다, 문지르다, 부지런히 일하다, 삐걱거리다, 바드득거리다, 가루를 타다, 갈리다, 갈아서 닳게 하다, 끈기 있게 공부하다, 닦다 grinding: 가는, 갈기, 삐걱거리는, 제분, 지루한, 매우 아픈, 압제의, 주입식 교수, 타기, 타는, 힘드는 grippe: 인플루엔자, 독감, 유행성 감기, 유행성감기 gripping: 주의를 끄는, 매력있는 grisly: 무서운, 무시무시한, 소름 끼치게 하는, 불쾌한 grocery: 식료품점, 식료품류, 식료 잡화 판매업, 식료품점의, 식료 잡화류의, 식료 잡화류, 식료 잡화 판매업의 groom: 마부, 신랑, 몸차림시키다, 손질을 하다, 입후보의 준비를 해주다, 궁내관 grope: 찾다, 더듬다, 암중모색하다, 암중모색 하다, 손으로 더듬다, 모색하다 groping: 암중 모색하는, 손으로 더듬는 grotesque: 그로테스크풍, 터무니 없는, 우스운, 기괴한, 고딕체, 괴기미, 그로테스크 무늬의, 그로테스크풍의, 괴기한 groveling: 비굴한, 넓죽 엎드리는, 천박한 growler: 으르렁거리는 사람, 작은 빙산, 딱딱거리는 사람, 인터폰, 잔소리꾼, 성대류, 으르렁거리는 동물, 으르렁거리는 것 growling: 으르렁거리는 grudge: 주기 싫어하다, 원한, 유한, 아까워 하다, 싫어하다, 샘내다, 악의, 인정치 않다 gruesome: 무서운, 무시무시한, 소름이 끼치는 듯한, 오싹해지는 grumbling: 투덜거리는 guarded: 조심성 있는, 신중한, 감시되어 있는, 방어되어 있는 guarding: 망보는 것 guileless: 정직한, 교활하자 않은, 교활하지 않은, 간계가 없는 gulf: 만, 심연, 화방수, 큰 간격, 소용돌이, 깊은 구멍, 소용 돌이, 보통 급제 gulp: 참다, 한모금, 한 입 가득, 꿀꺽

삼켜버리다, 꿀떡꿀떡 마시다, 꿀꺽 삼킴, 억제하다, 꿀떡꿀떡마시다, 들이켜다, 삼키다, 쭉꿀꺽꿀꺽마시기 gut: 거트, 장, 내용, 용기, 창자, 좁은 통로, 장선, 의 내장을끄집어내다, 안의 물건을 약탈하다, 내장, 인내 guts: 끈기, 속, 냉장 gutter: 홈통, 빈민가, 촛농이 흘러내리다, 도랑을 만들다, 수로, 흐르다, 얕은 도랑, 흐른 자국, 좌, 우양페이지의 여백, 촛농이 흐르다 gymnastics: 체조, 체육, 운동, 지적훈련, 훈련 gypsum: 석고, 깁스, 석고하다 hack: 잘게 썰다, 고용된, 자르다, 난도질하다, 택시, 삯말을 타다, 삯말, 승용말, 써서 낡게 한, 쳐서 자르다, 파서 헤치다 haggard: 야생의, 여윈, 바싹 마른, 수척한, 매서운, 길들지 않은 hail: 싸락눈, 퍼붓다, 빗발치듯 쏟아지다, 이라 부르며맞이하다, 큰소리로 부르다, 인사, 환호, 의 출신이다, 인사하다, 우박, 싸라기눈 haired: 머리털이-인, 머리털이 있는 hairy: 털이 많은, 털의 half-light: 어스름, 어스름한 halfway: 중도의, 반쯤, 어중된, 어느 정도, 도중의, 중도에서 hallway: 현관, 복도 hammer: 해머, 망치, 연달아 때리다, 망치로 두드리다, 두들겨넣다, 나무망치, 부지런히 일하다, 공이치기, 애써서 생각해 내다, 쇠망치, 생각해 내다 hammered: 해머로 단조한 hammering: 망치로 침, 해머로 치는, 맹타, 두드려 만든 무늬, 탕탕치는, 망치로 치는 소리 hammock: 해먹 hams: 햄 샌드위치 handclasp: 악수 handicap: 핸디캡, 핸디를 붙이다, 불리한 조건, 핸디붙은 경주, 핸디붙은경주, 에게 핸디캡을 붙이다, 핸디캡이 붙은 경마, 핸디캡이 붙은 경주 handicapped: 핸디캡이 붙은, 심신 장애의, 정신적 장애가 있는, 신체적 장애가 있는 handkerchief: 손수건 handy: 알맞은, 가까이 있는, 솜씨 좋은, 편리한, 손 가까이에 있는, 능숙한, 펼리한 haphazard: 아무렇게나, 우연, 되는대로, 우연의, 되는대로의, 우연한 hapless: 불행한, 불운한 hard-earned: 애써 얻은

Upton Sinclair harden: 경화하다, 단련하다, 굳히다, 굳어지다, 무정하게 하다, 단다하게 하다, 단단하게 하다, 단단해지다, 무감각하게 하다, 강하게 하다 hardened: 강해진, 경화한, 굳어진, 단단해지, 무정한, 상습적인, 철면피한 harmless: 해없는, 악의 없는, 해가 없는 harmonious: 조화된, 화목한, 의좋은, 가락이 맞는, 균형잡힌, 화성의 harmony: 조화, 화성, 화합, 일치, 일치점 요람 harper: 하프 연주자 harshly: 거칠게, 엄하게, 귀에 거슬릴만큼, 거치게 harvest: 수확, 수확기, 수확하다, 추수, 결과, 보수, 거두어 들임, 소득, 수확물, 수확기의, 수확물의 harvester: 수확자, 수확기, 거두어 들이는 일꾼수확기, 수화자 harvesting: 추수하는 일 haste: 서두름, 급속, 재촉하다, 서두르다, 서두르게 하다, 성급, 급함 hasten: 서두르다, 재촉하다, 서두르게 하다 hateful: 미운, 싫은, 증오에 찬, 지긋지긋한, 가증스런, 가증스러운, 미워할만한 hath: 직설법, 현재 hatless: 모자 없는, 모자를 안 쓴 hatred: 증오, 혐오, 몹시 싫어함, 미움 haughty: 거만한, 오만한, 오만하는 haul: 한 그물, 잡아끌다, 세게 당기기, 운반, 운반하다, 잡아당기다, 잡은 것, 침로를 바꾸다, 세게 끌기, 한 그물의 어획, 차로 나르다 haunt: 소굴, 출몰하다, 나오다, 자주가다, 마음에 붙어 다니다, 자주가는 장소, 에 자주 가다, 나타나다, 끊임없이 출입하는 장소, 자주 나타나다 haunted: 붙은, 고뇌에 시달린, 도깨비가 나오는, 유령이 나오는, 무엇에 흘린 haunting: 출몰, 마음에서 떠나지 않는, 마음에서 떠나지 않는 자주 다니기, 잊혀지지 않는, 자주 다님, 자주 마음속에 떠오르는 haven: 항구, 피난처 hay: 건초, 건초를 만들다, 마초, 잔돈의, 잔돈, 건초의 haystack: 건초더미, 커다란 건초 더미 hazy: 몽롱한, 흐릿한, 안개 짙은, 이내낀, 거나하게 취한 headache: 두통, 두통거리 headlong: 거꾸로, 곧바로, 성급한,

무모하게, 거꾸로의, 곤두박이의 heal: 고치다, 낫다, 낫게하다, 회복되다, 화해시키다 heap: 기가 푹 꺽이다, 느닷없이, 많이, 퍽, 쌓다, 쌓아 올리다, 더미, 매우, 수북이 담다, 쌓아올리다, 쌓아올린 것 hearsay: 소문, 풍문, 풍문의 hearse: 영구차, 무덤, 관가, 대형 촉대 heartache: 비탄, 마음 아픔, 마음의 고통 heartbreaking: 진력나는, 가슴이 터질듯한, 따분한, 싫증나는, 애끓느 마음을 자아내는, 애끓는, 단장의 슬픔을 안겨주는 heartbroken: 비탄에 젖은, 비탄에 잠긴 hearth: 노변, 화상, 노, 가정, 난로 바닥 heartsick: 불행한, 비탄에 젖은, 심뇌하는, 비통한 heartstrings: 심금, 깊은 감정 hearty: 친절한, 튼튼한, 마음으로부터의, 배부른, 풍부한, 열심인, 원기왕성한 사람, 충분한, 친구, 마음속으로부터의, 활기찬 heaving: 올림, 끌어올림, 들어올림 hebrew: 이스라엘 말, 히브리말, 히브리 사람, 헤브라이 사람, 히브리서, 헤브라이어, 헤브라이 사람의, 알 수 없는 말, 고대 헤브라이어, 유대인 heed: 주의, 조심, 조심하다, 유의하다, 주의하다 heedless: 부주의한, 경솔한 heel: 뒤축을 대다, 기울이다, 뒤꿈치로 춤추다, 뒷발, 의 바로 뒤를 따르다, 바로 뒤따르다, 뒤꿈치, 기울어지다, 굽, 경사, 비열한놈 heir: 후계자, 계승자, 사자, 상속인, 후계하다, 남자 상속인 hellish: 가증한, 소름끼치는, 지옥같은, 가증스런, 지옥과 같은 helper: 조수, 지지자, 조력자, 거드는 사람, 위안자, 원조자, 돕는사람, 구조자, 협력자, 돕는 사람 helpless: 의지할 데 없는, 무력한, 어찌할 도리 없는, 의지할 사람이 없는, 어찌할 수 없는, 의지할 곳이 없는 helplessly: 의지할 데 없이, 어쩔 도리없이, 어찌할 수 없이, 의지할 데 없는, 힘없이 helter-skelter: 난잡하게, 나선형 미끄럼틀, 당황하여, 당황함 hen: 암컷, 암닭, 암탉 herald: 전령관, 문장관, 의전관, 사자, 신문의 이름, 고지자, 보도자,

407 전달하다, 포고자 herd: 군중, 몰아 모으다, 지키다, 무리, 떼지어 모이다, 민중.목자, 목자, 민중, 떼를 짓다, 떼를 모으다, 군중의 hereby: 이로 말미암아, 이에 의하여, 이것에 의하여 heroic: 실물보다 큰, 영웅시의, 웅대한, 과장된 표현, 용감한, 영웅적인, 장렬한, 용사의, 영웅의, 영웅사격, 영웅사 heroically: 용맹스럽게, 장렬하게, 영웅답게, 늠름하게, 영웅적으로 hesitating: 주저하는, 망설이는 hesitatingly: 망설이게, 주저하게, 주저하면서 hesitation: 주저, 망설임 hessian: 용병, 돈만 주면 일하는 사람, 헤시안 클로스의, 헤시안 클로스 hi: 야아, 어이, 안녕, 안녕하세요 hideous: 오싹해지는, 끔찍한, 무서운, 섬뜩한, 보기만 해도 무서운 hiding: 매질, 은닉, 은닉처, 은신처, 후려갈김, 숨김, 숨는 곳 highwayman: 노상강도, 노상 강도 hilarious: 매우 명랑한, 명령한 hindmost: 맨 뒤의 hip: 엉덩이, 장미의 열매, 허리, 우울, 정보통의, 최신 유행의, 히피의, 갈채의 첫소리, 잘 알고 있기, 들장미의 열매, 사정에 밝은 hired: 고용한, 빌린, 삯주는 hissing: 쉿소리 나기, 시이시이하기의 스음, 치찰음의, 쉭쉭하기의 스음 hither: 이쪽의, 여기로, 이리로, 여기에 ho: 호, 허허, 저런, 어이, 흥 hoarse: 쉰목소리의, 귀에 거슬리는, 목쉰, 목이쉰, 목쉰소리의, 쉰, 소란스러운 hoarsely: 목이 쉬어, 떠들석하게 hobo: 뜨내기 노동자, 부랑자 hog: 돼지, 더러운 사람, 욕심쟁이, 탐내어 제몫 이상으로 갖다, 자동차를 함부로 몰다, 돼지같은 놈, 머리를 숙이고 등을 둥글게 하다, 자기의 배당 이상으로 차지하다, 중앙부가 돼지 둥처럼 구부러지다, 짧게 깎다 hogshead: 액량단위, 큰통, 액량의 단위, 큰 통 holdup: 노상강도, 교통의 정체 hold-up: 불법 억류, 정체 holler: 외치다, 큰소리로 부르다 hollow: 구멍, 우묵한 곳, 공허한, 골짜기, 거짓의, 도려내다, 속이 텅빈, 우묵 들어가다, 힘없는, 우묵

408 들어간, 공복의 homage: 존경, 복종, 신종의 예, 경의 homeless: 집없는, 집이 없는 homemade: 집에서 만든, 손으로 만든, 국산의 honesty: 정직, 성실, 솔직, 루나리아, 정절 honeycombed: 구멍투성이가 된, 벌집 모양의, 벌집 모양이 되어 honeymoon: 밀월, 신혼여행, 협조관계, 이상하게 친밀한 기간, 신흔 여행 honeysuckle: 인동덩굴, 인동덩굴의 무리 honor: 명예, 명성, 존경하다, 체면, 자존심, 훈장, 서훈, 고관, 인수하고 지불하다, 정절, 작위 honorable: 존경할 만한, 고귀한, 명예로운, 훌륭한, 수치를 아는, 영광의 hoof: 걷다, 발굽으로 차다, 춤추다, 굽, 발굽 hooked: 갈고리 모양의, 훅이 달린, 마약 중독의, 고리가 달린, 갈고리 모양으로 구부러진 hopeless: 가망없는, 절감의, 희망없는, 희망을 잃은, 쓸모없는 hopelessness: 가망없음, 절망 상태, 가망 없음 hopper: 캥거루, 큰 깔대기 모양의 투입구, 뛰는 사람, 홉을하는 사람, 깔때기 모양의 그릇, 홉따는 기계, 팔짝팔짝뛰는 것, 깡충깡충 뛰는 것, 깔때기 모양의 상자, 홉따는 사람 horace: 호라티우스 horde: 큰 무리, 군중, 유목민의 무리, 떼짓다, 유랑민의의 떼, 유목민의 떼, 큰 떼거리 horns: 어느 한 쪽 horrid: 무서운, 지독한 horrified: 겁에 질린, 충격 받은, 공포를 나타내는 horseback: 말의 등, 말등, 말을 타고 hose: 호스, 긴 양말을 신기하다, 긴양말, 호스로 물을 끼얹다, 긴 양말, 긴 바지, 에 호스로 물을 뿌리다 hospitality: 환대, 후대, 친절한 대접, 친절히 대접하기 hoss: 말 hotelkeeper: 호텔경영자 hound: 사냥개, 열중하는 사람, 맹렬히 쫓다, 비열한자, 사냥개로 사냥하다, 비열한 사나이, 개 housework: 가사 hovering: 공중 정지, 호버링 howl: 멀리서 짖다, 울부짖으며 말하다, 윙윙 휘몰아 치다, 짖다, 짖음, 큰 소리를 내다, 호통쳐서

The Jungle 침묵시키다, 멀리서 짖는 소리, 악을 쓰며 말하다 howling: 쓸쓸한, 울부짖는, 터무니 없는, 대단한, 터무니없는, 짖는 hubbub: 소란, 왁자지껄, 와글와글함 hue: 색조, 빛깔, 색상, 고함, 외침소리, 비난의 소리, 색채, 고함소리, 특색 hum: 콧노래를 부르다, 우물우물 말하다, 윙울리다, 윙윙하다, 경기가 좋다, 나쁜 냄새가 나다, 입속에서 우물거리다, 윙윙거리다 humanity: 인류, 인간성, 인정, 인간, 인문 과학, 박애, 인간임, 사람의 속성, 자선 행위, 라틴 문학, 인간애 humble: 겸손한, 검소한, 천하게 하다, 창피를 주다, 욕을 보이다, 비천한, 낮추는, 천한, 경멸하다 humiliation: 부끄러움, 굴욕, 창피를 줌 humility: 겸손, 겸허 hummingbird: 벌새 humor: 해학, 기질, 만족시키다, 기분, 유머, 심기, 잘 다루다, 일시적인 기분, 익살, 유우머, 우스개 hunger: 굶주림, 갈망하다, 굶주리다, 공복, 갈망, 기근, 배가 고프다, 열망하다, 굶주리게 하다, 열망 hunks: 구두쇠, 노랑이, 심술쟁이 hurling: 던짐, 헐링 hurried: 매우 급한, 재촉하는 hurriedly: 매우 급히, 서둘러서 hush: 쉿, 입 밖에 내지 않다, 고요하게하다, 쉬쉬해버리다, 고요해지다, 침묵, 침묵하다, 조용함, 조용해지다, 조용히, 은폐 husky: 쉰 목소리의, 허스키, 에스키모 개, 억센, 실팍한 사람, 실팍진, 깍지의, 건조하다, 겉껍질의, 껍질의, 에스키모 개의 hustle: 서두르다, 맹렬히 일하다, 서두름, 서로 떠밀기, 서로 떠밀다, 힘차게 밀다, 힘차게 해내다, 억지로 시키다, 서로 밀치다, 매우 서두르기, 난폭하게 밀다 hyde: 하이드씨 hyena: 하이에나, 욕심꾸러기, 잔혹한 사람 hymn: 찬송가, 찬송하다, 찬미하다, 찬송가를 부르다 hypnotic: 최면술의, 최면에 걸린 사람, 최면제 hypocrisy: 위선, 위선행위, 위선적 행위 hysterical: 히스테리의, 병적으로 흥분한 ice-cold: 얼음처럼 차가운 icehouse: 얼음집, 얼음창고, 얼음창고 빙고, 얼음 창고, 이글루,

이글루 모양의 건조물, 이글루 모양의 구조물 icy: 얼음의, 얼음 같은, 냉담한, 얼음이 찬, 얼음이 많은, 쌀쌀한, 얼음으로 덮인 idle: 한가한, 일이 없는, 활용되지 않고 있는, 쓸모 없는, 무용의, 까닭 없는, 태만한, 쉬고 있는, 놀고 보내다, 공전하다, 게으름 피우다 idleness: 무위, 게으름, 태만, 놀고지냄 idol: 우상, 사신, 숭배 받는 것, 인기 있는 사람, 선입적 유견 ignorance: 무식, 무지, 모르고 있음 ignorant: 무식한, 을 모르는, 무지몽매한, 무지에서 비롯되는, 무지한 ilk: 가족, 같은, 동일한, 동류, 각각의, 각자의, 같은 종류 illinois: 미국 중부의 주 illiteracy: 무식, 문맹, 잘못말하기, 글자를 읽고 쓸줄 모름, 틀리게 말함, 틀리게 씀 imaginary: 상상의, 가공의어떤 사물이 상상으로서만 존재하는, 비현실적이어서 신용할수 없는, 허수, 상상상의, 허수의 imaginative: 상상력이 풍부한, 상상의, 상상적인, 상상에 관한, 공상에 잠기는, 상상하기 좋아하는, 상상상의, 창작력이 풍부한, 구상력이 풍부한 imitation: 모방, 모조품, 모사, 흉내, 인조, 위조품, 비슷하게 만든 것, 모조, 모방모조, 가짜, 모방작법 imitative: 모방의, 모조의, 모방적인, 의성적인, 흉내 잘 내는, 흉내내기 좋아하는, 의음적인, 모사의 immaculate: 결점없는, 깨끗한, 흠없는, 깨끗한 순결한, 때 묻지 않은, 반점없는, 완전한, 티없는, 죄없는, 오점없는, 결점이 없는 immeasurable: 끝없는, 헤아릴수 없는, 광대한, 잴 수 없는, 측정할 수 없는 immemorial: 태고의, 사람의 기억에 없는, 옛적의, 먼 옛날의, 기억에 없는 immorality: 부도덕, 추행, 외설, 품행이 나쁨, 풍속, 난잡함, 문란, 부도덕행위, 음란, 품행 나쁨, 난행 impatience: 조바심, 성급함, 초조, 견딜 수 없음, 참을수 없는일, 조급, 안달, 성급 impending: 절박한, 박두한, 금세 일어날 것 같은, 튀어나온 imperfectly: 미완료의, 불완전한, 불완전하게, 미완성의, 불충분하게 impersonal: 비개인적인, 비인칭의,

Upton Sinclair 일반적인, 비인격적인, 개인에 관계없는, 비인간적인, 인격을 가지지 않는, 개인에 관하지 않는, 개인의 감정을 섞지 않는, 비인칭동사, 객관적인 imperturbable: 침착한, 냉정한, 동요치 않는, 동요하지 않는, 태연한 impervious: 통하지 않는, 영향 받지 않는, 둔감한, 무감각한, 손상되지 않는, 을 받아들아지 않는, 통과시키지 않는, 불침투성의, 견디는 impish: 개구장이의, 장난꾸러기의, 장난스런, 작은 악마 같은, 작은 악마의 implore: 간청하다, 애원하다, 탄원하다 imploring: 애원하는, 탄원의, 탄원하는 importunate: 귀찮은, 성가신, 귀찮은조르는, 끈덕진, 끈질긴 imposing: 남의 눈을 끄는, 당당한, 인상적인, 인상적인당당한, 훌륭한 impossibility: 불가능성, 불가능한 일, 불가능 impotence: 허약, 뇌쇠, 음위, 성교불능, 발기불능, 무력한, 무기력함, 허약함, 무력 impotent: 무력한, 음위의, 허약한, 노쇠한, 체력이 없는, 노쇠자, 뇌쇠한, 능력이 없는, 무력자, 성교 불능의, 성교불능자 impoverish: 메마르게 하다, 가난하게 하다, 지루하게하다, 가난하게 만들다, 허약하게하다, 약하게 하다, 불모로 만들다, 흥미을 잃게하다, 궁핍하게 하다 impoverished: 동식물의 종류가 적은, 가난하게 된, 메마른, 허약해진, 힘을 잃은, 가난하게 하는, 궁핍하게 하는 imprecation: 저주, 방자, 기원, 빌기 impregnable: 난공 불락의, 확고한, 도덕심이 견고한, 수정가능한, 굴치않는, 지지않는, 끄떡 않는, 난공 불락 impress: 날인, 감동시키다, 흔적, 징발하다, 인용하다, 특징, 찍다, 징집하다, 누르다, 감명, 감명을 주다 impressionist: 인상주의자, 인상파화가, 인상파의 예술가, 인상파의, 유명인사의 흉내를 내는 연예인, 인상주의의 화가, 유명 인사를 흉내내는 연예인, 인상주파의 화가 impromptu: 즉흥곡, 즉석에서, 즉흥적인, 즉석에서의, 즉흥적으로, 준비없이의, 즉석 연설, 준비없이, 즉석연설즉흥시, 즉석의 연설,

임시변통으로 impropriety: 부적당, 행실 나쁨, 점잖지 못함, 잘못오용, 온당치 않음, 상스러움, 도리에 어긋남, 부정, 버릇없는행위, 버릇없음, 어울리지 않는 말 imprudent: 경솔한, 무분별한, 경망스러운, 분별없는 impudence: 뻔뻔스러움, 건방짐, 몰염치, 건방진 언행 impulse: 충격, 충동, 자극, 추진, 변덕, 충격량, 역적, 고무, 일시적 감정순간력, 욕구 impunity: 형을 받지 않음, 형, 처벌되지 않음, 을 받지 않음, 무사히, 무벌, 벌을 받지 않음, 해를 받지 않음 incandescence: 백열, 백열광 incandescent: 백열의, 번쩍이는, 빛나는, 열렬한, 백열광을 내는 incarnation: 구체화, 화신, 권화, 실현, 육신을 입으심, 육아발생, 육체를 부여함, 인간화, 육체를 부여하기, 강생 incendiary: 방화의, 선동적인, 선동자, 소이탄, 불을 붙이는, 불타기, 방화 범인, 물질, 방화범, 불붙기, 범인 incense: 향, 향을 피우다, 분향하다, 아첨, 에 향을 피우다, 아부, 방향, 향내, 성나게 하다, 노하게 하다, 몹시 화나게 하다 incessantly: 끊임없는, 간단 없이, 끊임 없이 incidental: 흔히 있는, 부수적인, 주요하지 않은, 부수하는, 우연의, 중요하지 않은, 우연히 일어나는, 지엽적인, 부수하여 일어나는, 부수적인 일, 곧잘 일어나는 incidentally: 부수적으로, 우연히, 하는 김에, 덧붙여 말하자면, 말이난 김에, 우발적으로 incoherent: 점착력이없는, 흐트러진, 지리 멸렬의, 조리가 서지 않는, 조리가 맞지 않는, 모순된, 논리가 일관되지 않는, 일관되지 않은 incompetence: 무능력, 무자격, 무능력의, 부적격, 무능한 incomprehensible: 무한한, 불가해한, 무한한것, 이해할 수 없는, 이해할수 없는 inconceivable: 상상도 할 수 없는, 상상 할 수도, 믿을수 없는, 상상할 수도 없는, 상상할 수 없는, 인지를 초월한, 터무니없는, 믿어지지 않는 incongruous: 조화되지 않는, 부조리한, 어울리지 않은, 동닿지 않은, 모순된, 부적당한 inconsistency: 불일치, 모순, 무정견,

409 모순된사물, 주견없은 inconsolable: 위로할 길 없는, 슬픔에 담긴 inconspicuous: 눈에 띄지 않는, 주의를 끌지 않는, 작고 빛깔이 엷은, 뚜렷하지 않은, 두드러지지않은 inconvenience: 불편, 부자유, 폐, 귀찮음, 불편을 느끼게하다, 불편을 주다, 불편한것, 폐를 끼치다, 귀찮은 일, 불편한 것, 에게 불편을 느끼게 하다 incredible: 믿어지지 않는, 엄청난, 거짓말 같은, 굉장한, 놀라운, 믿기 어려운, 신용할수 없는, 놀랄만한 incredulous: 쉽게 믿지 않는, 의심하는 듯한, 쉽사리 믿지 않는, 의심많은 indefinitely: 막연히, 무기한으로, 부정의, 불명료한, 불명확하게, 일정하지 않은, 한계 없는 indiana: 인디애나, 미국 중서부의 주 indifference: 무관심한, 중립, 무차별, 중성의, 대수롭지 않은, 냉담, 개의치 않음, 시원치 않은, 중요치 않음, 공평한, 무관심 indifferent: 무관심한, 공평한, 중성의, 치우치지 않는, 개의치 않는, 평범한, 좋지도 나쁘지도 않은, 변변치 않은중성의, 중립의, 중요치 않은, 시원치 않은 indifferently: 무관심하게, 상당히, 시원치 않게 indignant: 분개한, 성난 indignation: 분개, 의분, 분 indirectly: 간접적 행동, 간접적으로 indiscreet: 경솔한, 지각없는, 무분별한, 분별없는 individualism: 개인주의, 이기주의, 개성, 독자성 individuality: 개성, 특성, 개체, 인격, 개인, 특질, 단일체, 개체성, 개인적 특성 indoors: 옥내에서, 옥내에 induce: 야기하다, 유도하다, 권유하다, 귀납하다, 일으키다, 인공적으로 출산시키다, 인공적으로 일으키다, 유발하다, 설득하여..시키다, 인공분만하다, 인공분만을 하다 indulge: 빠지다, 탐닉하다, 지불유예를 주다, 실컷 마시다, 어하다, 마음대로 하게하다, 술을 많이 마시다, 버릇없이 가르다, 만족시키다, 대사를 베풀다, 기쁘게하다 indulgence: 대사, 신앙의 자유, 은혜, 탐닉, 관대, 방종, 대사부, 도락, 멋대로 함, 면죄부, 방자 industrious: 근면한, 부지런한,

410 애쓰는 ineffable: 말로 표현할 수 없는, 말해서는 안될 inevitability: 피할 수 없음, 피할 수 없는, 필연적인, 불가피함, 필연성 inexhaustible: 무진장의, 지칠줄 모르는, 다 쓸 수 없는, 아귀센, 피로를 모르는, 무진장한 inexorable: 냉혹한, 무정한, 움직일수 없는, 용성없는굽힐수없는, 용서 없는, 냉흑한 inexorably: 냉혹하게, 무자비하게 inexperienced: 경험이 없는 서투름, 미숙, 무경험, 경험이 없는 inferno: 지옥, 지옥같은 광경, 지옥편 infinite: 무한의, 막대한, 끝없는, 무한대, 부정의, 부정형의, 무한한 공간, 무한량, 완전무결한, 무한, 무수한 informality: 비공식, 약식, 약식행위 informant: 통지자, 밀고자, 보고자, 정보제공자, 밀고자피조사자, 피조사자 ingenious: 교묘한, 독창적인, 영리한, 재간 있는, 정교한, 창의력이 있는, 재주가 있는, 있는 ingot: 주괴, 금괴로 만들다, 잉곳금은괴 inhabitant: 주민, 거주자, 서식동물 injection: 주사, 주입, 관장, 궤도에 진입시킴, 인젝션, 관장약, 궤도에 올려놓기 injunction: 명령, 금지명령, 지령, 훈령 injustice: 부정, 불공평, 부정행위, 불법, 권리침해 inkling: 암시, 어렴풋이 알고 있음, 눈치챔, 어렴풋이 알아차리기 inky: 잉크같은, 잉크의, 새까만, 잉크 묻은, 새카만, 잉크로 표를 한, 잉크묻은, 더러워진, 잉크로 표시를 한 inmost: 맨 안쪽의, 가장 깊은, 마음 깊은곳의, 깊이 간직한, 마음 깊이 간직한, 내심의, 가장 깊숙한 곳의, 가장 깊은속의 innumerable: 무수한, 셀수 없는, 이루 셀 수 없는 inoffensive: 해가 되지 않는, 해롭지 않은, 악의가 없는, 불쾌감을 주지 않는, 불쾌감을 느끼게 하지 않는, 거슬리지 않는, 해를 안끼치는 inquire: 문의하다, 묻다, 조사하다, 질문하다 inquiring: 알고 싶어 하는, 묻고 싶은 듯한, 묻는, 미심쩍은, 미심쩍은 듯한, 알고 싶어하는, 호기심에찬, 캐묻기 좋아하는, 탐구적인 inquiringly: 알고 싶은 듯이,

The Jungle 의심쩍은 듯이 inroad: 침입, 내습, 침해, 먹어 들어감, 침략, 침식, 잠식 insane: 미친, 제정신이 아닌, 미친 것 같은, 환장한 것 같은, 정신이상자를 위한, 광기의, 몰상식한, 광폭한, 발광한, 미친 듯한 insanity: 광기, 정신 이상, 어리석은 짓, 정신병, 미친것, 미친 짓, 정신이상 insect: 곤충, 벌레, 곤충인색한, 벌레같은 놈, 비열한, 소인 insensate: 무정한, 어리석은, 머리가 둔한, 감각이 없는, 감각 없는, 비정의, 이성이 결여된, 무감각의 insensibility: 태연, 무신경, 무감각, 인사불성, 무의식, 둔감, 냉담 insensible: 무감각한, 의식이 없는, 인사 불성의, 무관심한, 알아채리 못할 정도로, 인사불성의, 감지할수 없는, 무신경의, 아주 적은, 감수성 없는, 무신경인 insert: 삽입물, 끼워넣다, 삽입하다, 삽입자막, 삽입광고, 삽입 페이지, 삽입 자막, 끼우다, 게재하다, 써넣다, 삽입 insignia: 기장, 훈장 insistent: 강요하는, 주의를 끄는, 끈덕진, 눈에 띄는, 뚜렷한, 두드러진 insolence: 오만, 무례, 거만함, 건방진, 건방진태도, 거만 insolent: 무례한, 건방진, 오만한, 안하무인의 insouciance: 무심한, 태평, 무관심, 태평한, 무심함, 부주의 inspect: 검열하다, 사열하다, 시찰하다, 점검하다, 면밀하게 살피다, 조사하다, 검사하다 inspected: 점검하는, 검사하는, 사열하는, 시찰하는 inspiriting: 고무적인, 기운을 북돋우는, 기운을 북돋우어 주는 installment: 분할 불입, 일회분, 분할 불입금, 분할불입방식의, 한권, 분할불의 일회분, 분할불 instinct: 본능, 천성, 가득 찬, 넘치는, 배어든, 직각력, 가득찬 instrumental: 기계의, 악기의, 수단이 되는, 조격, 조격의, 악기를 위한, 악기에 의한, 쓸모 있는, 도움이 되는, 기계를 사용하는 insult: 모욕하다, 모욕, 모욕적 언동, 무례, 손상, 에게 무례한 짓을 하다, 욕보이다 insured: 보험에 가입한, 보험계약자, 보험이 걸린, 보험금 수취인, 피보험자 intending: 미래의.지망하는 intensification: 증대, 강화, 격렬하게

하다, 보력, 격렬해지다, 강해지다, 강하게 하다, 극화, 강하게 함 interfere: 간섭하다, 방해하다, 충돌하다, 조정하다, 해치다, 참견하다, 중재하다, 대립하다, 손상하다, 훼방하다, 발벗고 나서다 interpreter: 연출자, 해석자, 번역기, 통역자, 해석프로그램, 설명자, 통역 interrupt: 방해하다, 가로막다, 중단하다, 중단시키다, 끼어들다, 일시 정지, 도중에서 방해하다, 저지하다 interrupted: 중단된, 가로막힌, 단속적인, 중절된 interruption: 중단, 방해, 가로막음, 중절, 불통 intimate: 친밀한, 상세한, 암시하다, 사사로운, 깊은, 친구, 친한친구, 알리다, 일신상의, 정교를 맺고 있는 사통하고 있는, 친숙한 intolerable: 견딜 수 없는, 과도한, 참을수 없는, 애타는, 약오르는 intoxicant: 취하게 하는, 술, 마취제, 취하게 만드는 것 intrench: 참호로 에워싸다, 자기 몸을 지키다 intricate: 복잡한난해한, 얽힌, 복잡한, 뒤얽힌, 뒤섞인 intuition: 직각, 직관, 직관적 통찰 invalid: 병약한, 병약자, 병자, 무효의, 병약자 취급을 받다, 병약하게 되다, 병약자로서 면제하다, 병약하게 하다, 상병으로 현역에서 제대하다, 상이 군인 명부에 기입하다, 허약한 invent: 발명하다, 날조하다, 조작하다, 만들다, 창안하다, 훔치다, 을 처음으로 만들어 내다 invention: 발명의 재능, 발명, 발명품, 날조, 허구, 꾸며낸 이야기, 발명력, 발견성십자가 발견의 축일, 꾸며낸 일, 창안문, 조작한것 inventor: 발명자, 발명가, 창안자, 창출자, 고안자 involuntarily: 저도 모르게, 부지불식간에, 마지못해, 본의 아니면서, 본의 아니게 inwardly: 내부에, 마음속에 몰래, 마음속으로, 안으로, 작은 목소리로, 안쪽으로, 내부로 inwards: 안으로, 마음속으로, 내부에 irishman: 아일랜드 사람 irishwoman: 아일랜드 여자 ironclad: 철갑함, 철로 싼, 장갑함, 장갑의 어길수 없는, 장갑된엄한, 엄한, 철갑의 irony: 반어, 비꼼, 쇠로 만든, 풍자, 찌르는말, 쇠의, 빗댐, 쇠같은, 빈정댐, 예상외의 전개, 철의

Upton Sinclair irregular: 불규칙한, 변칙적인, 반칙의, 고르지않은, 갖추지 못한, 고르지 못한, 비정규군, 규격에 맞지 않는 상품, 규율없는, 규율이 없는, 난잡한 irresistible: 저항할 수 없는, 불문곡직의, 좋다 할수없는, 제어할 수 없는, 억누를수 없는, 사람을 녹이는싫다, 누를 수 없는, 꼼짝 못하게 하는 irresistibly: 저항할 수 없는, 제어할 수 없는, 불문곡직의 irrevocably: 취소할 수 없는, 되부를 수 없는, 변경할 수 없는 isinglass: 부레풀, 운모 itinerant: 순회하는, 순회자, 편력자, 순방자, 설교자, 순회 전도사, 도붓장수, 편력중인, 지방순회 공연배우등, 지방순회의, 지방 순회의 ivory: 상아, 상아색, 상아로 만든것이, 상아로된상아 같은, 상아로 만든, 기다란 앞니, 치아, 주사위, 상아제품, 피아노의 건, 상아유사품 jag: 뿌다구니, 깔쭉깔쭉함, 깔쭉깔쭉하게 하다, 깔쭉깔쭉하게하다, 을 깔쭉깔쭉하게 하다, 뾰족한 모서리, 소량의 짐 jail: 교도소, 구치소, 투옥하다, 구류 jailbird: 상습범, 전과자, 죄수, 상습범의 jams: 수영 팬츠 jargon: 뜻을 알수 없는 말, 변말, 횡설수설, 이해할 수 없는 말, 특수 용어, 횡설수설하다 jauntily: 젠체하는, 쾌활한, 명랑한, 쾌활하게 jaw: 턱, 수다, 입부분, 잔소리하다, 잔소리, 어귀, 군소리하다, 입 부분, 설교하다, 남에게 설교하다, 골짜기 따위의 좁다란 입구 jaws: 입 부분, 좁다란 입구 jealous: 불신앙을 용서치 않는, 샘내는, 질투많은, 경계심이 강한, 다른 신을 섬기는 것을 허락지 않는, 지키는데 급급한, 질투심 많은 jealousy: 경계심, 샘, 질투, 시기, 빈틈 없는 배려 jefferson: 독립 선언문의 기초자 jerked: 홱 움직이는, 갑자기 말하는, 내뱉듯이 갑자기 말하는, 육포로 만든, 홱 움직이게 하는 jerusalem: 예루살렘 jest: 웃음거리, 농담, 희롱, 우롱하다, 놀리다, 농담을 하다, 농담하다, 까불다 jew: 유대인, 히브리인, 유태인, 욕심 많은 고리대금업자

jeweled: 보석박은 jewelry: 보석류, 보석 장식, 보석 세공 jiffy: 순간 jocular: 우스운, 익살맞은, 우스꽝스러운 jog: 불러 일으키다, 천천히 달리다, 터벅터벅 걷다, 살짝 밀다, 알리다, 울퉁불퉁함, 깔쭉깔쭉함, 콱 밀기, 터덜터덜 타고 가다, 건강을 위해 천천히 달리다, 가벼운 흔들림 jolly: 즐거운, 대단한, 놀리다, 대단히, 얼근한 기분의, 유쾌한, 치살려서 기쁘게 하다, 엄청한, 매우, 멋진, 거나하게 취한 joyful: 즐거운, 유쾌한, 기쁜 jubilant: 기쁨에넘친, 기쁨에 넘친, 환성을 올리는, 환성을올리는, 환성을 올리며기뻐하는, 기뻐하는 juggernaut: 불가항력, 희생이 따르는 미신, 절대적인 힘, 크리슈나 신상, 위압적인 힘을 가진 거대한 것 juggler: 요술쟁이, 사기꾼 juncture: 이음매, 연결, 경우, 위기, 접합, 접속, 연접, 전기 jungle: 정글, 부랑자의 소굴, 밀림, 지대의, 혼란의, 총림의, 혼란, 총림지대, 총림 kansas: 미국 중앙의 주 keg: 작은 나무통, 작은 통 kentucky: 켄터키 강, 미국남부의 주, 미국남부의주 keyhole: 열쇠구멍 kimono: 여성용 느슨한 화장옷, 일본옷, 일본 옷, 키모노 kin: 친척, 같은 종류인, 혈족관계, 혈족인, 혈연 관계, 혈연, 의 작은 것의 뜻 kindergarten: 유치원 kindness: 친절, 우정, 상냥함, 친절한 태도, 친절한 행위 kissing: 키스하는 kitty: 새끼 고양이, 공동 자금, 판돈, 각자에게 돌리고 남은 패, 건 돈 전부, 고양이 새끼, 남은 패, 여자 이름, 승자에게 넘어가는 건 돈 전부, 적금 단지 klondike: 클론다이크 knave: 잭, 하인, 약한, 신분이 낮은 사내, 무뢰한, 악한, 남자아이 knavery: 사기, 무뢰한의 행위, 속임, 부정, 속임수 knit: 뜨다, 찌푸리다, 밀착시키다, 짜다, 편물하다, 접합하다, 뜨개질을 하다, 합하다, 눈살을 찌푸리다, 팔자로 찌푸려 지다 knitted: 뜬, 짠, 뜨개것의, 메리야스의 knives: 나이프, 칼

411 knocker: 문에 달린 노크하는 쇠, 두들기는 사람, 두들기는사람, 문 두드리는 고리쇠, 두드리는 사람, 현관의 문 두드리는 고리쇠 knocking: 노킹, 문두들김 knock-out: 녹아우트 시키다 knot: 혹, 무리, 매듭, 매듭을 짓다, 매다, 곤란, 난국, 떼, 나비 매듭, 마디, 매어지다 knotted: 꺼져, 듣기 싫다, 마디가 있는, 어려운, 매듭이 있는, 울퉁불퉁한, 귀찮아, 얽힌 knuckle: 주먹, 손가락관절, 열심히 하다, 손가락 마디를 땅에 대다, 무고기, 무릎고기, 돌기, 무릎관절, 네발짐승의 무릎관절, 지관절, 특히 손가락 밑부분의 지관절 knuckles: 지관절부, 주먹의 지관절부 kosher: 순수한, 정결한, 규정에 맞는, 정당한, 규정에 따라 요리하다, 좋은, 정결한 요리, 정결한 식품, 정식의, 적법한 labor: 노동, 수고, 애써 만들다, 일하다, 노력, 근로, 진통, 진통으로 괴로워하다, 몹시 흔들리다, 진통으로 괴로와하다, 일 labored: 힘드는, 고심한 흔적이 있는, 부자연스러운, 고심한, 공들인, 괴로운, 부자연스런, 하기 어려운, 억지로 갖다 붙인, 무리한, 느릿느릿한 laboring: 노동하는, 노동에 종사하는 laborious: 힘드는, 부지런한 laboriously: 부지런한, 힘드는 labyrinthine: 미로의, 미궁 같은, 미로 같은 lace: 매질하다, 레이스, 끈, 장식, 가미하다, 몰, 줄무늬로 하다, 비난하다, 에 끈을 꿰다, 소량의 진 술, 끈으로 죄다 lacing: 매질, 끈목, 줄무늬, 커피 따위에 넣은 소량의 알코을 음료, 끈종류, 레이스를 달기, 소량의 알코을 음료 laden: 실린, 고민하는, 괴로워하는, 짐을 실은 lager: 저장맥주, 라거비어, 저장 맥주, 라거 lair: 숨는 장소, 쉬는 장소, 야수의 굴, 침상, 굴, 야생 짐승의 굴 lame: 절름발이의, 절름발이로 만들다, 불충분한, 앞뒤가 맞지 않는, 절름발이가 절룩거리다, 절름발이가 되다, 운율이 불완전한, 불완전한, 불구의, 라메 lamentation: 비탄, 슬픔, 예레미야 애가 lamp: 램프, 광명, 등불, 애써 쓴 형적이 뚜렷하다, 전등, 지식 따위의

412 광명, 눈, 마음 따위의 광명, 비추다, 빛나다 lamppost: 가로등 기둥 landlady: 여관의 여주인, 여자지주, 하숙 따위의 여주인, 여지주, 여주인, 여관 따위의 여주인, 여가장 lantern: 초롱, 칸델라, 등화실, 환등, 정탑, 등대의 등실, 등실, 채광창, 환등기 lard: 돼지기름을 바르다, 돼지기름, 돼지기름을바르다, 이야기 따위를 윤색하다, 윤색하다, 라드, 돼지 비계 혹은 베이컨 조각을 끼워 넣다, 고기 따위에 돼지 비계 혹은 베이컨 조각을 끼워 넣다, 문장 따위를 윤색하다 lash: 채찍질하다, 세차게 움직이다, 비난, 챗열, 채찍질, 빈정댐, 비꼼, 충격, 부딪치다, 빈정대다, 묶다 lashed: 속눈썹이 있는, 속눈썹이 ...한 lashing: 채찍질, 질책, 밧줄, 묶음, 많음, 묶기 lath: 욋가지, 읫가지, 읫가지를 대다 laundry: 세탁소, 세탁물, 세탁장 lava: 용암, 유동상의 용암의, 용암의 laying: 부설, 조준, 쌓음, 꼬는 법, 애벌칠, 쌓기, 놓기, 한 배에 깐 알, 끌어 댐, 설치, 한 번에 까는 알 leaflet: 작은 잎, 전단, 삐라, 광고지 삐라, 낱장으로 된 광고, 작은잎 leaky: 새기 쉬운, 오줌을 지리는, 새는 구멍 있는, 비밀을 누설하기 쉬운, 오줌을 잘 싸는, 새는 구멍이 있는 leap: 뛰기, 도약하다, 뛰다, 약동하다, 그 거리, 뛰어 넘다, 일사천리로, 껑충뛰다, 뛰어넘다, 뛰게 하다 leased: 땅을 임차하는, 임대하는, 임차하는, 땅을 임대하는 ledger: 원장, 대석, 악보의 덧줄, 비계에 가로 댄 통나무, 덧줄 legislature: 입법부 lend: 빌려주다, 증대시키다, 더하다, 꾸어주다, 도와주다, 돈을 꾸어주다 lenient: 관대한, 온화한, 허술한 leprous: 비늘 모양의, 나병의 lessee: 임차인 lest: 을 두려워하여, 하지 않도록, 하지나 않을까 하고 levee: 제방, 둑, 부두, 집견회, 아침 알현, 접견, 선창, 강의 제방, 충적제 lever: 지렛대, 수단, 지레로 비틀어 열다, 지레로 움직이다, 지레를 쓰다, 목적 달성의 수단, 지레 liberties: 시효로 얻은특권, 칙허로 얻은 특권, 특권 license: 방종, 면허하다, 면허, 방자, 감찰, 파격, 허가증, 인가, 인가하다,

The Jungle 승낙 licensed: 인가된, 세상이 인정하는 lied: 가곡, 리드 lifeblood: 활력소, 피 lifelong: 일생의, 평생의, 종신의 life-size: 실물 크기의, 실물 크기로 lighted: 불이 켜진 lightning: 번개, 전광, 번개와 같은, 번개의 likelihood: 있음직한 일, 가능성, 있을 수 있는 일 likewise: 마찬가지로, 또한, 똑같이, 그리고 또한 limb: 수족, 날개, 팔, 의 가지를자르다, 앞이, 가장자리, 구, 달 따위의 가장자리, 문장의 구, 엽변, 의 손발을 끊다 limp: 유연한, 흐늘흐늘한, 절뚝거림, 절뚝거리다, 약한, 표지 따위 판지를 쓰지 않은, 판지를 쓰지 않은, 절름발이, 절름거리다, 약하디 약한 limping: 절뚝거리는 lined: 안을 댄, 선을 그은 linen: 아마포, 린네르처럼 흰, 린네르제품, 아마실, 린네르, 린네르류, 린네르제의, 리넨 제품, 옥양목 제품, 리넨 종이, 리넨제의 linger: 어정거리다, 질질 끌다, 오래 머물다, 나중에까지 남다, 꾸물거리다, 쉬이 사라지지않다, 우물쭈물 보내다, 질질 끌게 하다, 우물쭈물하다, 떠나기를 망설이다 lingering: 머뭇거리는, 오래끄는, 못내 아쉬운, 미련이 있는, 오래 끄는, 주저하는 lining: 안감, 안대기, 안, 포켓 따위의 알맹이, 켓 따위의 알맹이, 지갑 따위의 알맹이, 위 따위의 알맹이, 안을 대기, 알맹이 lion: 사자, 용사, 명사, 아이온, 인기의 중심, 명소, 라이온, 라이온스 클럽의 회원, 사자 별자리, 사자문장, 사자인 liquor: 알코올 음료, 술, 술을 많이 먹이다, 물약, 용액에 담그다, 독주를 마시게 하다, 독주를 많이 마시다, 분비액 listener: 경청자, 청취자 literal: 정확한, 문자의, 오자, 문자 그대로의, 문자그대로의, 문자 그대로 생각하는, 오식, 융통성 없는, 문자그대로생각하는, 문자 그대로 정확한, 문자대로의 lithe: 나긋나긋한, 유연한 lithuania: 리투아니아, 발트해연안의한공화국, 발트해연안의 한 공화국 lithuanian: 리투아니아의, 리투아니아 사람, 리투아니아 말,

리투아니아 사람의, 리투아니아 어의 livery: 제복, 정복, 정식량, 일정한 옷, 옷차림, 간이 나쁜, 말이나 마차 세놓은 업, 말의 정식량, 마차셋집, 동업 조합, 말셋집 livid: 납빛의, 퍼렇게 멍든, 격노하여, 창백한 loaded: 탄알을 잰, 감정적이 된, 납을 박은, 짐실은, 취한, 화약을잰, 의미 심장한, 다른 것을 섞은, 만취한, 박은, 술 따위 다른 것을 섞은 loading: 짐싣기, 선적, 짐싣기의 loaf: 덩어리, 요리의 일종, 어정거리다, 빵 한덩어리, 놀고지내다, 빈둥거리다, 원뿔꼴의 한덩이, 머리, 원뿔꼴의 횐 설탕, 시간을 놀며 보내다, 빵의 덩어리 loathing: 지겨움, 강한 혐오, 질색, 혐오, 싫음, 혐오를 느끼는 loathsome: 지긋지긋한, 구역질 나는, 기분 나쁜, 육체적으로 기분 나쁜, 싫는, 싫어서 견딜 수 없는 lobby: 로비, 복도, 의원, 현관의 홀, 원외 운동자, 의원에게 공작을 하다, 원외로부터의 운동, 현관 홀, 의회의 로비에서 운동하다, 운동하여 통과시키려고 하다, 운동하여 통과시키다 locket: 로킷, 로켓 lodging: 하숙, 셋방, 숙소, 숙박, 하숙집, 학장 관사, 주소 lofty: 거만한, 고상한, 당당한, 치속은, 대단히 높은, 숭고한, 거드럭거리는, 매우 높은 log: 통나무, 베어내다, 향해 일지에 적다, 측정의, 기록하다, 엔진 따위의 공정 일지, 의 항정을 기입하다, 측정기, 공정 일지, 공정 따위를 기록하다, 항해일지 lone: 외로운, 쓸쓸한, 고독한 loneliness: 쓸쓸함, 외로움 long-awaited: 대망의 long-distance: 장거리의, 일기 예보가 장기의, 장거리 전화로, 장기의 longing: 갈망, 갈망하는, 사모, 고대, 고향을 몹시 그리워하고 있다, 그리움 갈망하는, 동경, 몹시 그리워하는 longshoreman: 부두노동자, 부두 노동자, 근해 어부, 부두 인부 loom: 베틀, 직기, 어렴풋이 보다, 어렴풋이 나타나다, 어렴풋이 나타남, 불안스럽게 다가오다, 위험 따위가 불안스럽게 다가오다, 직조기, 걱정거리 따위가 불안스럽게 다가오다 loosely: 엉성하게, 매지않게, 풀리게, 막연히, 짜임새 없이, 느슨하게

Upton Sinclair loosen: 늦추다, 놓다, 놓아주다, 느그러지다, 풀리다, 흩어지다, 풀다, 느슨하게 하다, 느슨해지다, 의 손을 늦추다, 에 변이 나오게 하다 loudly: 큰소리로, 화려하게, 고성으로 lounging: 게으른, 레저 용의, 편하게 입을수 있는, 활기없는 lovesick: 사랑에 고민하는 loving: 사랑하는, 애정을 품고있는, 친애하는, 남을 사랑하는, 충실한 lowering: 내려가는, 비천한, 저하시키는, 저하, 낮게 하는 lowing: 소의 울음소리 음매하고 우는, 음매하고 우는, 소의 울음 소리 ludicrously: 우스운, 익살맞은 lugubrious: 애처로운, 가엾은, 슬픈듯 한, 슬픈듯한, 슬픈 듯한 lull: 잠잠함, 달래다, 가라앉히다, 진정시키다, 두절, 뜸함, 소강 상태, 어르다, 자다, 잠깐 쉼, 가라앉다 lumber: 재목, 쿵쿵걷다, 잡동사니, 무겁게 움직이다, 목재를 베어내다, 목재로 장소를 막아버리다, 올리다, 난잡하게 쌓다, 방 따위를 막다, 베어내다, 잡동사니로 장소를 가로막다 lump: 덩어리, 참다, 견디다, 덩어리지다, 많음, 어슬렁어슬렁 걷다, 총체로, 덩어리로 만들다, 혹, 땅딸보, 멍청이 lurch: 비틀거림, 경향, 경사, 대패, 차 따위가 갑자기 기울기, 상대를 러치로 이기다, 배 따위가 갑자기 기울기, 궁상, 갑자기 기울기, 러치로 이기다, 갑자기 기울다 lurking: 숨어있는 luxury: 사치, 사치품, 쾌락, 호화, 비싼 물건, 유쾌함 macaroni: 마카로니, 이탈리아사람, 대륙에서 돌아온 멋쟁이, 십팔세기의 영국에서 대륙에서 돌아온 멋쟁이, 이탈리아 사람 madame: 여류가수, 등의 총칭, 마담, 부인 maddening: 미칠 듯한, 미치게 하는 madeira: 마데이라 흰포도주, 마데이라 madman: 미친 사람, 광인 madness: 광기, 열광, 광희, 정신 착란 magistrate: 치안 판사, 행정 장관, 사법권이 있는 행정장관, 치안판사, 행정장관 magnanimity: 아량, 관대한 행위, 도량이 넓음, 아량이 넓음 magnate: 거물, 유력자, 고관 mahogany: 마호가니, 적갈색, 마호가니색의, 마호가니재의,

마호가니재의 식탁, 마호가니재 maiden: 처음의, 아가씨, 처녀, 미혼녀, 미혼의, 소녀, 단두대, 단두대... 미혼의, 처녀인, 처녀의 maimed: 불구의, 상한 maine: 미국 북동부의 주 maliciously: 심술궂게, 악의있게 malthus: 인구론자 manchuria: 만주 manhood: 남자임, 남자다움, 인간임, 성년 남자 전체, 남성기, 성년, 인격, 인성, 성인, 성인 남자 mania: 조병, 열광, 열, 광 maniac: 미친, 미친 사람, 미치광이, 미친 광이, 광란의 manifestly: 명백히, 분명히 manifesto: 성명서, 선언, 선언서, 정당 따위의 선언서 manipulator: 속이는 사람, 조종하는 사람, 손으로 능란하게 다루는 사람, 조작하는 사람 manitoba: 매니토바 주 mankind: 남성, 인간, 인류 manners: 예의, 예절, 풍습 mansions: 아파트 mantel: 벽로 선반, 벽로의 앞 장식, 벽로의 장식, 벽난로의 앞장식, 벽난로 선반 mantelpiece: 벽로의 앞 장식, 벽로의 장식, 벽난로의 앞장식, 벽난로 선반 marble: 대리석, 공기돌, 조각, 대리석 무늬를 넣다, 대리석제, 책 가장자리 따위를 대리석 무늬로 하다, 종이 따위를 대리석 무늬로 하다, 아이들의 공기돌, 비누 따위를 대리석 무늬로 하다, 대리석 무늬로 하다, 대리석의 조각물 marketplace: 시장, 장터, 경제계, 경제의 장 marquis: 후작, 공작의 장남의 경칭, 영국에서 공작의 장남의 경칭 marshal: 안내하다, 육군 원수, 의전관, 정렬하다, 경찰서장, 연방 재판소의 집행관, 사법 비서관, 정렬시키다, 영국 문장원 총재, 시경찰서장, 모임의 접대계 marvelous: 훌륭한, 놀라운, 괴이쩍은, 불가사이한, 이상한 mash: 으깨어 뭉개다, 더운 물을 섞다, 곡분이나 밀기울 따위를 더운물에 갠 사료, 반하게 하다, 엿기름물, 짓이긴 것, 매시, 짓이겨서 질척하게 만든 것, 으깨다, 엿기름에 끓는 물을 타다, 밀기울 따위를 더운 물에 푼 마소의 사료 mask: 가면, 복면, 차폐하다, 마스크, 가면을 쓰다, 탈, 정체를 드러내다, 에게 가면을 씌우다, 방해하다, 가장한 사람, 핑계

413 mason: 석공, 돌을 쌓다, 프리메이슨, 석수, 비밀공제조합원, 벽돌장이 massachusetts: 미국 북동부의 주, 매사추세츠, 매사추세츠 주 massed: 밀집한, 집중한, 한덩어리가 된 masterpiece: 걸작, 대표작, 명작 mastership: 숙달, 지배, 지배력, 교장의 직, 주인임, 지배자이기, 지배자의 지위, 지배자의 직 mastery: 지배, 우위, 숙달, 승리, 정통, 우월, 통어력 matchbox: 성냥갑 matter-of-fact: 멋없는, 사무적인, 사실의 mattress: 침대요, 침상, 짚 요, 요, 섶나무 다발, 침대용의 털 요, 털 요, 호안 공사의 섶나무 다발, 침대용의 짚요 maudlin: 취하면 우는, 감상적인, 걸핏하면 우는, 눈물 잘 흘림, 심약하고 감상적임, 걸핏하면 눈물짓는, 눈물을 잘 흘리는 maze: 미로, 분규, 어리둥절하게 하다 meadow: 목초지, 강변의 낮은 풀밭 meaningless: 무의미한, 뜻이 없는, 무가치한 measles: 홍역, 흥역 medley: 잡동사니, 잡다한 집단, 잡색천, 혼합, 그러 모은 것, 혼합곡, 접속곡, 이것 저것을 뒤섞다, 그러 모은, 잡록 meekly: 온순하게, 유화하게 melancholy: 우울, 우울한, 습관적인 우울, 우울병, 체질적인 우울, 우울증 melee: 난투, 혼전, 치고 받기 melody: 해조, 선율, 아름다운 곡조, 곡, 가곡, 멜로디 melting: 녹는, 감상적인, 감동적인, 용해, 융해, 녹기 시작한, 녹기시작한, 누그러지게 하는, 부드러운, 상냥한, 감동시키는 menacing: 위협하는, 협박적인 menacingly: 협박적으로 menagerie: 동물원, 구경거리의 동물, 순회 서커스 따위의 동물원 merciful: 자비로운 mercifully: 관대히, 자비롭게, 고맙게도, 다행히도, 인정 많게, 다행히 merciless: 무자비한, 용서없는 mercy: 자비, 행운, 고마움, 연민 merited: 당연한, 상응한, 가치 있는 merrily: 즐겁게, 명랑하게, 흥겹게 merriment: 웃고 즐기기, 흥겹게 떠들기, 환락, 유쾌, 명랑한 소동 merry: 즐거운, 명랑한, 유쾌한, 거나한, 흥겨운, 거나하게 취한 기분의

414 messenger: 심부름꾼, 선구, 연줄에 달아 바람에 울게 하는 종이, 전조, 사자 michigan: 미국 중북부의 주, 미시간호, 미시간, 미시간 호수 middle-of-the-road: 중용을 취하는, 정책 따위 중용을 취하는 midst: 한가운데, 중앙 midsummer: 한여름 midwife: 조산원, 산파 midwinter: 한겨울 mightily: 힘차게 mighty: 거대한, 강대한, 굉장한, 힘센, 위대한, 몹시, 센, 물체가 센, 사람이 센 milch: 젖이 나는, 젖 나는 milking: 젖짜기, 착유 milliner: 부인 모자상, 여성용 모자 제조인, 여성용 모자 판매인 millionaire: 백만장자, 대부호, 백만 장자 minded: 할 마음이 있는, 마음이 있는, 한 마음의, 하고 싶은 마음이 있는 miner: 지뢰 공병, 갱부, 광산 업자 mingle: 섞다, 섞이다, 사귀다, 어울리다, 뒤섞이다 miniature: 축도, 축소화, 미세화법, 모형, 세밀화, 채식 그림, 미세화로 그리다, 미세화의, 사본의 채식, 을 미세화로 그리다, 채식 문자 miracle: 기적, 불가사의한 물건, 기적극, 불가사의한 것, 불가사의한 사람 miraculous: 기적적인, 놀랄만한, 불가사의한 miraculously: 기적적으로 mire: 진흙, 수렁, 진창, 궁지, 진흙으로 더럽히다, 궁지에 몰아넣다, 진창에 빠지다 miscellaneous: 잡다한, 가지가지의, 잡동사니의, 다방면의, 여러 가지 잡다한, 여러 가지 잡다한 것으로 된, 잡다하게 뒤섞인 miserable: 비참한, 불쌍한, 초라한, 딱한, 빈약한, 천박한 misfortune: 불행, 불운, 재난 misrepresent: 잘못 전하다, 바르게 나타내지 않다, 속이다, 얼떨떨하게 하다, 거짓으로 전하다 misrepresentation: 왜곡한 진술, 오전, 와전 missile: 미사일, 날아 가는 무기, 미사일의, 날아가는 도구, 미사일 병기, 미사용의, 미사에 의한, 날아가는 무기, 미사에 관한 missionary: 전도의, 선교사, 전도사 missouri: 미국중부의 주, 미주리 강, 미주리

The Jungle mist: 안개, 어린아이, 조금, 적으나마 성의있는 기부, 아주작은것, 금액의 단위, 소액, 흐림, 이슬비가 내리다, 안개로 덮다, 안개가 덮이다 mistaken: 잘못된, 판단이 잘못된 mistress: 정부, 애인, 여교사, 주부, 부인, 여지배자, 여주인, 연인, 여왕, 한 집안의 안 주인, 주인 misunderstand: 오해하다, 오해를 하다 mite: 진드기, 잔돈, 조금, 작은 것, 정성어린 기부, 소액이지만 정성어린 기부, 매우 조그만 것 mittens: 권투용 글러브 mixing: 혼성, 음량조정, 믹싱, 음량 조정, 영상 조정 moan: 신음하다, 한탄하다, 끙끙거리다, 신음, 슬픔의 신음, 불행 따위를 한탄하다, 고통의 신음, 신음 소리 mob: 폭도, 오합지졸, 군중, 떼지어 습격하다, 소매치기의 일당, 소매치기의 한패, 도둑의 일당, 대중취향, 폭도의, 하충민, 군중의 mockery: 조롱, 조소의 대상, 헛수고, 흉내, 놀림, 가짜 moderate: 알맞은, 보통의, 온건한, 온화한, 중재인 노릇을 하다, 사회하다, 온건한 사람, 절제하는, 웬만한, 중간 정도의, 누그러지다 moist: 습한, 눅눅한, 비가 많은, 습기찬 moisten: 습하게 하다, 적시다, 축축하게 하다, 습기차다 mold: 거푸집, 형, 곰팡이, 모양, 특성, 옥토, 연마하다, 경지, 성격, 토지, 지면 moldy: 진부한, 케케묵은, 곰팡난, 곰팡이 난, 곰팡이가 핀, 지겨운, 질이 나쁜 molten: 주조된, 녹은, 특히 금속 따위 녹은 momentary: 순간의, 찰나의, 순간적인, 시시각각의 monarch: 군주, 제주왕나비 monotonous: 단조로운, 변화가 없어 지루한 monotony: 단조로움, 단음, 단조 monster: 괴물, 거수, 도깨비, 거대한, 악독한 사람, 악독한 사람-거대한, 괴상한 모양을 한 것, 극악 무도한 사람, 슈퍼스타 가수, 신경 중추에 작용하는 마약 monstrous: 거대한, 기괴한, 괴물같은, 극악 무도한, 어처구니 없는, 괴이한, 대단히 mooch: 우려내다, 건들 건들 거닐다, 배회하다, 훔치다, 살금살금 걷다, 돈을 구걸하다, 구걸하다, 음식을

구걸하다 moonlight: 달빛-아르바이트할, 아르바이트할, 달빛, 정규의 일 이외에 특히 야간에 아르바이트를하다, 달빛의, 부업을 하다, 아르바이트를 하다, 정규의 일 이외에 특히 야간에 부업을 하다, 월광 moose: 큰 사슴, 엘크 mop: 찡그린 얼굴, 얼굴을 찡그리다, 이익을 빨아 먹다, 훔쳐 내다, 자루걸레, 몹 자루걸레로 닦다, 자루걸레로 닦다, 소제하다, 땀 따위를 닦다, 닦다, 끝맺음 mornings: 아침에, 아침마다 morrow: 아침, 이튿날, 직후 mortal: 치명적인, 인간의, 인간, 불치의, 길고 긴, 생각할 수 있는, 지루한, 죽어야 할, 죽어야 할 것, 사람, 가능한-죽어야 할 것 mot: 경구, 명구, 운수성, 차량 검사, 차량 검사증 mother-in-law: 시어머니, 장모 motionless: 움직이 않는, 퍄, 뭄짓으로 신호하다, 움직이지 않는, 정지한, 정지한-뭄짓으로 신호하다링, 팅삥, 동기가 없는 motive: 운동을 일으키는, 동기, 동기가 되는, 동기가 되는-동기, 동인, 예술 작품의 주제, 동기의, 문학의 주제, 기동의, 일반적으로 주지, 주제 mounting: 포가, 설치, 마구, 박제, 장비, 총가, 대포 따위의 설치 mourn: 슬퍼하다, 애도하다, 몽상하다, 상을 입다, 을 슬퍼하다, 탄식하다 mournful: 슬픔에 잠긴, 슬픈, 애처로운 mournfully: 슬퍼 보이게, 슬픔에 잠겨, 절망적인, 천한, 치사한 mouthful: 소량, 입 가득, 한 입, 한 입 가득 mowing: 한 번 베어들인 양, 목초지, 풀베기, 보리 베기, 잔디 베기, 풀 베기 mule: 노새, 잡종, 고집쟁이, 슬리퍼, 얼간이, 외고집쟁이, 뒤축 없는 슬리퍼, 동식물의 잡종, 뮬 정방기 mumps: 이하선염, 항아리 손님, 뿌루퉁함, 유행성 이하선염 municipal: 지방 자치체의, 시의, 자치 도시의, 시제, 내정의, 시제주의자 murmur: 시내의 졸졸거리는 소리, 속삭임, 불평, 파도의 출렁거리는 소리, 졸졸 소래내다, 웅성대다, 중얼 거림, 투덜거리다, 투덜거리다-중얼 거림, 속삭이다, 나뭇잎 따위의

Upton Sinclair 살랑거리는 소리 murphy: 감자 muse: 시적 영감, 시심, 심사 묵고하다, 골똘이 바라보다, 명상에 잠기다, 시인, 뮤즈 의 신, 뮤즈신, 숙고하다, 시신, 생각에 잠기면서 말하다 mushroom: 버섯, 벼락 출세자, 탄알 끝이 납작해지다, 버섯 모양의 것, 버섯을 따다, 여자의 밀짚 모자의 하나, 버섯의, 여자의 밀짚 모자의 하나-버섯을 따다, 버섯 구름, 끝이 납작해지다, 갑자기 생기다 musket: 머스켓 총, 구식 보병총 muslin: 모슬린, 무명 모슬린, 캘리코 mustache: 콧수염, 수염 mute: 폐쇄음의, 무언의, 벙어리의, 약음기를 달다, 회장꾼, 말 않는 배우, 벙어리 하인, 벙어리, 벌어리, 묵자의-벌어리, 묵자의 mutter: 불평, 중얼거리다, 투덜거리다, 얼거림, 투덜거리다얼거림, 속삭이다, 속삭임 muttering: 준얼거리기 mutton: 양고기, 양고기의 mutually: 공동으로, 서로, 상호로 myriad: 만, 만의, 무수한, 무수 mythical: 신화의, 가공의 nail: 손톱, 발톱, 못, 붙잡다, 끌다, 터치아웃시키다, 체포하다, 후려갈기다, 네일궐련, 네일, 잡다 nakedness: 결핍, 벌거숭이 노출이 있는 그대로임, 벌거숭이 nameless: 무명의, 명명되지 않은, 익명의, 서출의, 이름 없는, 형언할수 없는, 이름없는, 언어도단의, 언어 도단의, 알 수 없는, 세상에 알려지지 않은 nap: 보풀, 선잠, 낮잠, 이길 말이 라고 지목하다, 필승마, 졸면서보내다, 잠깐 졸다, 선잠자다, 겉잠, 보풀을 세우다, 잠깐자다 narrate: 말하다, 이야기하다, 나레이타가 되다, 이야기 하다 narrator: 이야기하는 사람 narrowly: 좁게, 간신히, 가까스로, 편협하게, 엄밀히, 정밀하게, 도량이 좁게 naturalization: 귀화, 자연화, 이식, 이입 naught: 무, 제로, 무가치한, 영, 나쁜, 무용의, 망한, 무가치, 붕괴한, 사악한, 아무것도 아님 nauseating: 몹시 싫은, 욕지기나는, 메스꺼워질 것 같은, 지겨운 nay: 아니, 거절, 반대 투표, 거부, 그 뿐만아니라, 불가능하다, 그렇기는 커녕, 그렇기는 하나, 라기보다는, 반대, 뿐만아니라

ne: 원래 이름은 neatly: 교묘하게, 깔끔하게, 맵시있게, 산뜻하게, 말쑥하게 necessities: 생필품 necktie: 넥타이, 목 달아매는 끈, 교수용 밧줄 needful: 돈, 필요한, 필요한 것, 필요한 돈, 없어서는 안될, 필요한 짓, 현금, 빈곤한, 필요한 일 needle: 바늘, 자극하다, 받치다, 뾰족한 바위, 바느질하다, 뜨개바늘, 괴롭히다, 나침, 지분거리다, 저울대보, 자침 needless: 불필요한, 쓸데없는 negress: 흑인여자, 흑인 여자 negro: 니그로, 흑인, 흑인의, 검은, 흑인이 사는, 검은피부의 사람, 흑인에 관한, 아프리카 흑인, 아프리카 흑인 의피를 이어 받은 사람, 약간 검은, 흑인종의 neighbor: 이웃의, 이웃하다, 동포, 이웃사람, 서로 이웃하는 것, 인접하다, 이웃해 있다, 가까운사이이다, 근처에 살고 있다, 근처의 것, 인접한 neighborhood: 근처, 지방, 약, 인근, 이웃, 지역, 자네근처의, 이웃사람들주위, 이웃의, 이웃간의 정의, 이웃 사람들 neighboring: 근처의, 이웃의, 인근의, 근처의 인접한, 인접하고 있는 nervously: 힘차게, 초조하게, 소심하게, 억세게, 신경질적으로 nervousness: 소심성, 신경과민, 겁, 신경 과민 neuralgia: 신경통 never-ending: 끝없는 newborn: 갓태어난, 신생아, 갓난, 신생의, 부활한, 재생한, 마음을 고쳐먹은, 다시 태어난 newcomer: 신출내기, 신참자, 새로온 사람, 풋내기, 새로 온 사람 newsman: 신문기자, 신문배달인, 신문인, 취재기자 niagara: 쇄도, 나이아가라강홍수, 나이아가라, 폭포, 나이아가라 강, 나이아가라 폭포 nickel: 니켈 도금하다, 니켈, 백동화, 니켈의, 니켈을 함유한 nietzsche: 독일의 철학자 nightmares: 악몽 nighttime: 야간, 밤 night-time: 야간 ninth: 아홉번째로, 제 9, 제구, 제구의, 제구번째의 사람, 제구번째의 것, 제구번째의, 제구로, 제 9의, 구도, 아홉분의 하나의 nobility: 고귀한 태생, 귀족, 고결함,

415 남작, 백작, 숭고, 숭고함, 자작, 후작, 고상함, 귀족상원의원과 그집안 nod: 끄덕이다, 졸다, 방심하다, 나부끼다, 깜빡 실수하다, 흔들림, 으로 쏠림, 기울다, 졸기, 잠들다, 인사하다 noisy: 시끄러운, 떠들썩한, 요란한, 화려한, 난한 nominally: 명목상, 이름뿐으로 nominate: 임명하다, 지명하다, 지정하다, 말의 출장등록을 하다, 이름을 들다, 지명천거하다, 추천하다, 후보자로 천거하다, 관직에 임명하다, 관직에 지명하다, 후보자로 추천하다 nominee: 임명된 사람, 수령명의자, 지명된 사람, 추천된 사람 nonchalance: 아랑곳하지 않음, 냉담, 무관심, 무심함 nonunion: 노동조합불가입자가 만든, 노동 조합에 속하지 않음 단결하지 않음, 노동조합에 가입하지 않은, 노동조합을 인정하지 않는 noon: 정오, 정오의, 전성기, 점심을 먹다, 한밤중, 한낮, 야반, 결정, 낮 휴식을 취하다절정에 달하다, 정오에 하는, 최고점 noontime: 정오, 정오의 northwest: 북서의, 북서, 의 서북부, 서북쪽에, 서북에서 부는, 서북에, 서북부의, 서북부, 북서쪽으로, 북서에 있는, 북서로부터의 norwegian: 노르웨이이, 노르웨이의, 노르웨이 어의, 노르웨이 인의, 노르웨이 인 notebook: 공책, 수첩, 노트, 어음첩, 연습장, 잡기장, 필기장, 노우트 notorious: 유명한, 이름난악명높은, 악명높은, 사람 따위 유명한, 행동 따위 유명한, 주지의, 장소 따위 유명한 nozzle: 주둥이, 코, 노즐, 끌, 분출구, 취구, 파이프 주둥이, 대통 주둥이 nuisance: 폐, 남에게 폐를 끼치는 행위, 불쾌한 물건, 성가신 물건, 불쾌한사람, 딱한 사정, 귀찮은 일, 방해, 성가신 것, 남에게 폐가 되는 행위, 폐가 되는 행위 numb: 마비된, 감각을 잃은, 언, 무딘, 곱은, 감각을 잃게 하다, 감각을 잃게하다, 마비시키다, 무감각하게 된, 완화시키다, 의 감각을 잃게 하다 nymph: 아름다운 소녀, 님프, 어린벌레, 님프같은, 강, 애벌레, 요정 oath: 맹세, 선서, 저주, 신의 이름을 남용하기, 욕설

416 oatmeal: 오트밀, 빻은 귀리, 빻은 연맥 obdurate: 완고한, 냉혹한 obedience: 복종, 귀의, 교회의 권위, 지배 obediently: 유순하게, 효성스럽게 obey: 복종하다, 시키는대로 움직이다, 명령대로 복종하다, 에 복종하다 oblivious: 잊기쉬운, 관심없는, 잠 따위가 잊혀 지게 하는, 잊혀 지게 하는, 잊기 쉬운 obloquy: 오명, 불명예, 비난, 항간의 욕, 욕설, 악평 obscure: 덮어 감추다, 불명료한, 어둡게 하다, 어두운, 세상에 알려지지 않은, 모호한, 눈에 띄지 않는, 거무칙칙한, 뚜렷하지 않은, 명성 따위의빛을 잃게 하다, 발음 따위를 불명료하게 하다 obstacle: 장애, 장애물 obstinate: 완고한, 완강한, 난치의, 고집센, 병이 난치의 occupancy: 점유, 거주, 인실 occupy: 점령하다, 사용하다, 점령자, 종사시키다, 점유하다, 점거하다, 소비하다, 시일을 소비하다, 영유하다, 차지하다, 지위를 차지하다 octopus: 낙지, 다방면으로 해로운 세력을 떨치는 단체 odious: 싫은, 밉살스러운, 증오해야 할, 추악한 odor: 냄새, 기미, 방향, 평판 offender: 범죄자, 남의 감정을 해치는 사람, 무례한 자, 반칙자, 법률상의 범죄자 offending: 불쾌한 offense: 반칙, 죄, 위반 ohio: 미국 북동부의 주 oiled: 기름을 바른, 기름에 적신, 기름을 칠한, 얼근히 취한, 취한, 얼큰히 취한, 기름에 담근, 기름을 먹인 oily: 기름의, 기름바른, 유질의, 말솜씨가 좋은, 입에 발린, 유성의 oklahoma: 미국 중남부의 주 old-time: 옛날의 oligarchy: 과두 정치, 소수 독재 정치, 소수의 독재자, 과두 독재국, 과두정치, 소수독재정치 omaha: 오마하 one-eyed: 외눈의 one-horse: 말 한 필이 끄는 open-eyed: 눈을 뜬, 빈틈 없는 openly: 공공연하게, 터놓고, 숨김없이, 공공연히, 솔직하게 openmouthed: 욕심 사나운, 시끄러운, 입을 벌린

The Jungle operative: 일하는, 직공, 탐정, 효력있는, 수술의, 운전하는, 효험이 있는, 활동하는, 실효가 있는, 움직이는, 작업의 opium: 아편 oppose: 반대하다, 저항하다, 대항시키다, 방해하다, 에 반대하다, 에 대항하다, 방해물로 두다, 반대다 oppression: 압박, 우울, 압제, 답답함, 고난 orator: 연설자, 웅변가 orchard: 과수원, 과수원의 전체 과수 orchestral: 오케스트라의, 오케스트라용의 ordinance: 법령, 의식 ordinarily: 대개, 보통, 그만하게, 보통 정도로, 보통으로 oregon: 미국북서부의 주 organize: 창립하다, 조직하다, 발기인, 체계화하다, 노동조합에 가입시키다, 조직적으로 단결하다, 유기적인 형태를 부여하다, 노조에 가입하다, 조직적인 형태를 부여하다, 계통을 세우다 organizer: 조직자, 형성체, 주최자, 서류 정리 케이스, 창시자, 발기인, 조직책, 분류 서류철, 창립 위원 orleans: 자두의 일종, 오를레앙 천, 오를레앙 ornament: 장식품, 장식, 광채를 더하는 사람, 꾸미다, 꾸밈음, 예배용품, 빛을 더해주는 것, 빛을 더해주는 사람, 장식하다, 교회의 예배용품 orphan: 부모가 없는, 고아, 한쪽의 부모가 없는 아이, 고아로 만들다, 고아의, 부모 중 어느 한 쪽이 없는 아이, 양친이 없는 아이, 고아가 되게 하다 orthodox: 정통파의, 일반적으로 옳다고 인정된, 정교의, 정교, 정설의, 전통적인, 정설을 신봉하는, 특히 종교상의 정설의, 특히 종교상의 정설을 신봉하는, 동방 정교회의, 옳다고 인정된 ostentation: 자랑해 보임, 과시, 허영, 겉치레하기 ostrich: 타조, 현실 도피자, 레아 outburst: 폭팔, 폭발, 화산 따위의 폭발, 격정 따위의 폭발 outcast: 버림받은, 집없는, 추방자, 배척받은, 버림받은사람, 추방된, 추방된 사람 outcry: 외침, 경매, 떠들썩함, 보다 큰 소리로 외치다, 야료하다, 항의 outdoors: 문밖, 옥외로, 집 밖으로, 옥외에서, 옥외, 야외에서, 야외로, 집 밖에서 outfit: 채비, 필수품을 공급하다,

도구, 채비를 차리다, 일행, 에 공급하다, 여행 따위의 채비, 여행 따위의 채비품, 채비품, 협동 활동의 일행, 마음의 준비 outlandish: 이국풍의, 색다른 outlawry: 법률 무시, 사회적 추방, 비합법화, 보호의 박탈, 법률의 은전을 박탈함, 법률의 은전, 법률무시, 공권 박탈, 부법자 상태, 법률의 보호를 박탈하기, 법률의 은전을 박탈하기 outlay: 지출, 소비하다, 경비 outraged: 윤리 따위를 어기는, 에게 폭행하는, 어기는, 법률 따위를 어기는, 격분시키는 outrageous: 난폭한, 괘씸한, 심한, 포학한 outset: 착수, 최초, 시초 outskirts: 변두리, 교외, 주변, 도시 따위의 변두리 outstretched: 펼친, 뻗친 outward: 밖으로 향하는, 바깥쪽의, 육체의, 외부의, 밖으로, 바깥쪽에, 외부, 밖에, 현세적인 ovation: 대환영, 대갈채, 대인기 overcoat: 외투 overcrowd: 사람을 너무 많이 들여놓다, 사람을 너무 많이 들이다, 좁은 장소에 사람을 너무 많이 들이다 overdriven: 의 과거분사형 overdue: 기한이 지난, 연착한, 지불 기한이 지난 overflow: 범람, 충만, 범람하다, 넘치다, 배수로, 에서 넘치다, 유출, 넘쳐흐름, 남아 돌아가다, 과다, 가장자리로 넘치게 하다 overflowing: 넘쳐 흐르는 overhead: 머리 위의, 전반적인, 경상비, 위층에, 고가의, 상공에, 위로, 총경비, 일반의, 간접비, 라켓을 사용하는 경기의 머리 위에서 내려치는 타구 overhear: 엿듣다, 도청하다, 우연히 듣다 overindulgence: 방종, 제멋대로 방임함, 제멋대로 함, 탐닉, 지나치게 웅석을 받아 줌 overlook: 바라보다, 빠뜨리고 보다, 내려다 보다, 전망이 좋은 곳, 감시하다, 너그러이 봐 주다, 노려보다, 감독하다, 저주의 눈초리로 노려보다, 보다 높은 데 있다 overpowering: 압도적인, 저항할 수 없는 overthrow: 뒤집어 엎다, 전복, 파괴, 타도하다, 타도, 전복시키다, 정복 overtime: 에 시간을 너무 잡다, 초과

Upton Sinclair 근무, 정시 외 노동 시간, 잔업 시간, 시간외의, 정시 외의, 시간 외에, 에 너무 많은 시간을 들이다, 규정시간 외에, 규정외 노동시간 overwhelming: 압도적인, 저항할 수 없는 overwork: 지나치게 일하다, 과로, 초과근무, 지나치게 일시키다, 과로하다, 과로시키다, 여분의 일, 지나치게 일을 시키다, 지나친 노동 owing: 빚지고 있는, 지불해야 할, 에 기인하는 owl: 올빼미, 젠 체하는 사람, 점잔 빼는 사람, 밤을 새우는 사람 oyster: 굴, 모려, 골반 양쪽의 오목한 속에 있는 살점, 닭의 골반 양쪽의 오목한 속에 있는 살점, 입이 무거운 사람 paced: 보의, 걸음이 ...인 pacify: 달래다, 평화를 수립하다, 가라앉히다, 가라않히다 pacing: 보측 packer: 통조림업자, 포장기, 포장업자, 짐 꾸리는 사람, 짐을 꾸리는 사람, 통조림 직공, 짐 꾸리는 업자, 통조림직공, 포장 기계, 포장 장치 packing: 포장, 짐꾸리기, 채워 넣는것, 통조림 제조, 포장용품, 통조림 제조업, 짐 꾸리기, 습포, 패킹 pail: 양동이, 들통, 한 통의 양 pained: 아파하는, 감정이 상한, 싱처 입은, 화난 painfully: 애써, 고생하여, 수고하여, 아파서, 아파하여 pains: 고생 painter: 화가, 칠장이, 아메리카 표범, 배를 매어 두는 밧줄, 페인트장이, 배를 매는 밧줄, 페인트칠장이 paints: 그림 물감 pal: 공범, 친구, 짝패, 사이가 좋아지다, 동료, 한 패가 되다, 단짝 palate: 구개, 미각, 위턱, 취미, 기호 pall: 물리다, 관 덮는 천, 관 씌우개로 덮다, 맛이 없어지다, 막, 음침한 막, 관 덮는 보, 싫증이 나게 하다 pallet: 바퀴 멈추개, 팔레트, 미늘, 짚으로 된 이부자리, 초라한 잠자리, 주걱, 도공의 주걱, 도공의 흙손, 초라한 침상, 짚자리, 화가의 발레트 pallor: 창백, 해쓱함, 피부 따위의 창백, 얼굴 따위의 창백 palm: 손바닥, 승리, 우승하다, 종려나무의 가지, 종려, 장갑의 손바닥, 야자, 손바닥 모양의 부분, 속여서 안기다, 수척, 종려나무 palsied: 떨리는, 중풍에 걸린, 중풍의

pamphlet: 팸플릿, 팸플릿을 쓰는 사람, 소논문 pancake: 팬케이크, 고형분, 수평 낙하, 수평 낙하하다, 프라이팬으로 얇고 판판하게 구운 팬케이크, 핫 케이크, 털썩 떨어지기, 수평 낙하 착륙을 시키다, 수평 낙하 착륙을 하다, 팬케이크에 의한 화장 panic-stricken: 공황에 휩쓸린 panther: 표범, 퓨마, 아메리카 표범, 싸구려술, 흑표범당원 pants: 바지, 드로즈, 속바지, 팬츠, 팬티 papa: 아빠, 문자 피를 나타내는 통신 용어 parade: 열병, 행렬, 산책장, 정렬시키다, 열병식, 과시, 산보하는 사람들, 시위행진, 자랑해 보이다, 열병하기 위해 정렬하다, 열병장 parcel: 꾸러미, 한 떼, 소포, 한 뭉치, 분배하다, 소포로 하다, 소화물, 한 구획, 나누다, 일부분, 한 획의 토지 parched: 목이 마른, 목마른, 구운, 바짝 마른, 볶은, 지면 따위 말라 있는, 말라 있는, 목이 칼칼하게 마른 parchment: 양피지, 양피지의 문서, 양피지비슷한 종이, 비슷한 종이, 양피지의 parley: 협의, 상의, 교섭, 담판, 담판하다, 말하다, 특히 외국어를 말하다, 협상 parlor: 객실, 거실, 영업실, 담화실, 호텔 따위의 특별 휴게실, 호텔 따위의 특별 담화실, 특별 휴게실, 특별 담화실, 클럽 따위의 특별 휴게실, 클럽 따위의 특별 담화실, 원래 객실풍으로 설비한 영업소 parted: 나뉜, 부분으로 나뉜, 흐트러진, 갈라진 particle: 불변화사, 미분자, 미량, 질점, 접두사, 조각, 작은 조각, 입자, 분자 particulars: 상세 parting: 이별, 고별, 나누는, 출발, 분리, 별세, 고별의, 떠나가는, 머리 따위의 가리마, 저물어 가는, 이별의 passageway: 복도, 통로 passionate: 열렬한, 감정적인, 감정에 지배되는, 성 잘 내는, 열렬하다, 열렬하는, 인정에 무른, 화내기 쉬운 passionately: 열렬히, 격노하여, 격심하게 passport: 여권, 패스포드, 수단 patent: 명백한, 특허, 열려 있는, 개방성의, 공유지 양도 증서, 개방되어 있는, 특허권, 전매 특허의, 의 전매 특허를 얻다, 색다른, 독특한 것 pathos: 정감, 애수감, 애틋함을

417 자아내는 힘, 비애, 비창, 애수를 자아내는 가락, 애수 pathway: 오솔길, 좁은길, 길, 좁은 길 patience: 인내, 끈기, 혼자 노는 카드 놀이, 혼자 하는 카드 놀이, 혼자서 놀기, 트럼프 따위 혼자서 놀기 patiently: 끈기 있게 patrol: 순시, 순회, 정찰대, 순시인, 소년단의 반, 순찰, 순시하다, 순찰하다, 을 순시하다, 을 순찰하다, 정찰병 paved: 포장된 pawn: 졸, 걸다, 저당, 전당잡히다, 남의 끄나불 짓하는 사람, 남의 끄나불 짖하는 사람, 저당잡히다, 걸고 맹세하다, 담보, 동산의 담보, 명예를 걸고 맹세하다 pawnbroker: 전당포 주인 pawnshop: 전당포 paymaster: 재정관, 회계원, 경리 부장, 경리 과장 payroll: 급료 지불부, 지불급료의 총액 peach: 복숭아, 미인, 멋진 것, 복숭아 빛, 복숭아의, 밀고하다, 복숭아빛의, 멋있는 사람, 멋있는 것 pear: 펄형 활자, 일품, 성양배, 진주, 진주 같은 것, 진주빛, 서양배, 배, 배나무 peddler: 행상인, 남에게 옮기는 사람, 받아 옮기는 사람, 밀매인, 도붓장수 peelings: 껍질 벗기기 peep: 출현, 나타나다, 삐악삐악, 엿보기, 엿보다, 작은 소리로 이야기 하다, 훔쳐봄, 훔쳐보다, 들여다보는 구멍, 짹짹울다, 작은 새 따위가 짹짹우는 소리 peer: 동등한 사람, 귀족, 동배, 응시하다, 보이기 시작하다, 희미하게 나타나다, 비길 데 없는, 상원 의원, 동료, 에 필적하다, 자세히 들여다보다 peerless: 비길 데 없이, 유례없는, 무쌍의, 비길 데 없는, 비할 데 없는, 비길데 없는 peevish: 성마른, 부루퉁한, 짜증이 난, 투정부리는 pell-mell: 난잡하게, 난잡, 난잡한, 엉망으로 만들다, 허둥지둥 급히 가다 penal: 형사상의, 형의, 형을 받아야 할, 벌칙을 과하다, 형벌의, 벌에 해당하는, 형장으로서의, 형에 해당하는 pencil: 연필, 화필, 광속, 연필로 쓴, 연필로 그리다, 광속선, 연필 모양의 물건, 연필로 쓰다

418 penetrate: 간파하다, 통과하다, 관통하다, 꿰뚫다, 지나가다, 강한 인상을 주다, 깊이 감동시키다, 꿰둘다, 둘고보다, 스며들다, 통찰하다 penitential: 속죄의, 회오의, 고해 세칙서, 회개의 penniless: 무일푼의, 찰가난의, 둔 한 푼 없는 pent-up: 갇힌 penury: 빈궁, 가난 pepper: 후추, 고추, 후추과의 식물, 퍼붓다, 에 후추를 치다, 자극성 있는 것, 자극성, 온통 홑뿌리다, 신랄 한 것, 신랄 peppermint: 박하 사탕, 박하, 서양박하, 박하유, 박하 드롭스 pepsin: 펩신, 소화제, 소화소, 펩신제 perdition: 파멸, 멸망, 지옥, 전멸 perfecto: 양끝이 가느다란 중치의 여송연 perforce: 부득이, 무리하게, 필연적으로, 억지로 performing: 공연을 요하는, 실행할 수 있는, 재주 부릴 수 있는, 재주 부릴줄 아는, 실행하는, 성취할 수 있는 perfume: 향수, 향료, 방향, 향수를 뿌리다, 방향을 내다, 에 향수를 뿌리다 peril: 위험, 위험에 빠뜨리다, 모험 perilous: 위험한 perish: 멸망하다, 썩어 없어지다, 지독하게, 죽다, 괴롭히다혹독한, 말라 죽다, 무너지다, 무너지다-몹시 곤란하게 하다, 몹시 곤란하게 하다, 의 기능을 잃게 하다, 몹시 괴롭히다 perished: 매우 곤란한, 지친, 초췌해진 perishing: 몹시, 지독하게, 추위 따위 혹독한, 죽는 permanently: 영구히, 불변으로, 영속하게 perpetrate: 범하다, 범죄, 범행, 저지르다, 나쁜 짓 따위를 범하다, 과오 따위를 범하다 perpetual: 종신의, 영구한, 끊임없는, 사철 피는, 영구하다, 다년생 식물, 부단한, 잔소리 따위 부단한, 영속하는, 다년생의, 싸움 따위 부단한 perpetuation: 영구화, 불후하게 하기 perplexed: 당황한, 난처한, 복잡한, 어찌할 바를 모르는, 골치 아픈 perplexing: 혼란한, 까다로운, 당혹한, 곤혹시키는, 문제 따위 곤혹시키는 perplexity: 난처한 일, 당황, 혼란, 분규, 난국, 곤혹

The Jungle persecution: 종교적 박해, 종교적인 박해 persian: 페르시아의, 페르시아 사람, 페르시아 인, 페르시아 제국의, 페르샤 사람 personage: 인물, 저명 인사, 사람, 명사, 소설의 등장 인물, 등장 인물, 극의 등장 인물, 역사상의 인물 perspiration: 땀, 발한 작용, 발한작용, 발한 persuasively: 설득력 있게 perversity: 사악, 빙퉁그러짐, 외고집, 뒤틀린 성미, 비뚤어진 성미 pessimistic: 염세적인, 비관적인, 비관주의의, 비관적으로 생각하는 pet: 애완동물, 이성을 애무하다, 페트, 마음에 드는, 마음에 드는 물건-귀여워하는, 부루퉁함, 애정을 나타내는, 성내다, 귀여워하다, 귀여워하는 동물, 씨무룩함 petite: 몸집이 작고 맵시 있는, 여성이 몸집이 작은, 몸집이 작은, 몸집이 작은 여성용 의복 사이즈 pettifogging: 속이는, 시시한 협잡, 속임, 협작적인, 엉터리 변호사, 엉터리 변호사식의, 엉터리 변호사식의 수법, 엉터리 변호사의 petty: 소규모의, 하찮은, 사소한, 옹졸한, 자그마한, 하급의, 도량이 좁은 phantom: 환상, 유령, 환영, 꼭두, 유령같은, 가공의, 독깨비, 도깨비, 모형, 외관뿐인 것, 외관뿐인 사람 philanthropist: 박애주의자 philosophic: 철학의, 현명한, 냉정한, 철학자의 phosphate: 인산염, 소량의 인산을 함유한 탄산수, 인산을 함유한 탄산수 phosphorus: 인 phrases: 실없는 말 physician: 의사, 내과 의사 pickle: 묽은 산, 묽은 산으로 씻다, 절이 국물, 절인것, 절인 것, 절이 국물에 절이다, 곤경, 곤경-절이 국물에 절이다, 난처한 입장, 야채 따위를 식초에 절이다, 곤란한 입장 pickpocket: 소매치기 picnic: 피크닉, 피크닉식으로 식사를 하다, 소풍, 즐거운 일, 쉬운 일, 소풍가다, 쉬운 일-소풍가다, 소풍을 가다, 특별히 즐거운 일, 각자 먹을 음식을 지참하는 연회 pie: 파이, 거저 먹기, 까치, 썩 좋은것, 뇌물, 크림 샌드위치 piecework: 도급일, 삯일, 일한 분량에 따라 공임을 지급 받는 일 piercing: 꿰찌르는, 날카로운, 뼈에 사무치는, 통찰력 있는, 꿰뚫는

pig: 돼지, 돼지고기, 추접스러운, 새끼 돼지, 무쇠덩이, 게걸스러운, 도는 욕심 맣은 돼지 같은 사람, 도는 욕심 많은 돼지 같은 사람, 돼지 같이 지저분한 사람, 돼지 고기, 금속의 주괴 piled: 보풀이 있는 piles: 치질, 말뚝 pilgrim: 순례자, 방랑, 여행, 방랑자, 어느 지방으로의 새 이주자, 필그림 파더즈중의 한 사람, 순례하다, 새 전입자, 새 전입이주자, 어느 지방으로의 새 전입자 piling: 말뚝 박기, 말뚝박기, 말뚝감, 말뚝, 말뚝 박기공사 pillar: 기둥, 주석, 기둥 모양의 것, 기둥 모양의 우체통, 기둥으로 받치다, 붉은 기둥 모양의 우체통 pinch: 꼬집다, 인색하게 굴다, 죄다, 집다, 훔치다, 바싹조리차다, 어려움, 수척하게 하다, 움츠러들게 하다, 잘라내다, 체포하다-죄어들다꼭기다 pine: 소나무, 수척해지다, 갈망하다, 그재목, 몹시 그리다, 애타게 그리다 pipes: 기관 pirate: 약탈하다, 해적, 침해자, 저작권을 침해하다, 훔치는 사람, 약탈자, 저작권, 해적짓을 하다, 해적질하다, 약탈자-해적짓을 하다, 표절자 pitcher: 던지는 사람, 투수, 물주전자, 피처, 던져 싣는 사람, 짚 따위를 짐차에 던져 싣는 사람, 주머니 모양의 잎, 건초 따위를 짐차에 던져 싣는 사람, 가벼운 철제 타구봉 pitchfork: 건초용 쇠스랑, 음차, 긁어 올리다, 건초 따위를 긁어 올리다, 건초용의 쇠스랑 pitfall: 함정, 유혹 pitiable: 비천한, 가엾은 pitiful: 불쌍한, 인정 많은, 비루한, 가련하게 여겨야 할, 인정이 많은, 불쌍히 여겨야 할, 동정심이 많은 pittance: 약간의 수입, 얼마 안되는 수당, 얼마 안되는 수입 pitted: 얽은 자국이 있는 pitying: 동정하는, 불쌍히 여기는 placard: 플래카드, 광고하다, 벽보, 삐라, 게시하다, 포스터, 에 전단을 붙이다 plague: 역병, 천재, 괴롭히다, 재해, 귀찮은 일, 성가신 사람, 천벌, 말썰역병에 걸리게 하다, 역병에 걸리게 하다, 페승, 재화 따위를 당하게 하다 plainly: 솔직하게, 명백히, 검소하게, 간소하게, 뚜렷하게 plains: 평지, 야지 planting: 심기, 파종, 식수 조림, 기초 밑층, 재배

Upton Sinclair plaster: 회반죽, 반창고, 고약을 붙이다, 석고, 온통 발라 붙이고, 고약-회반죽을 바르다, 고약처럼 처바르다, 석고 분말을 혼화하다, 의 치료비를 내다, 포도주에 석고 분말을 혼화하다, 처바르다 plastered: 취한, 술에 취해서 platter: 음반, 레코드, 타원형의 얕은 큰 접시, 본루 plausible: 그럴 듯한, 말솜씨가 좋은, 그럴듯한 plead: 답변하다, 탄원하다, 변호하다, 주장하다, 변명으로 말하다, 변명으로 말하다-변호하다, 변론하다, 간청하다, 변명하다 pleading: 변명, 변론, 변호, 탄원, 탄원하는 pleasing: 유쾌한, 만족한, 붙임성 있는 plight: 상태, 서약, 서약하다, 곤경, 보통 나쁜 상태, 맹세하다, 맹세 plod: 그 발소리, 터덕거리다, 꾸준히 일하다, 무거운 발걸음으로 거다, 무거운 발걸음으로 걷다, 터벅터벅 걷다, 무거운 걸은으로 걷다, 무거운 듯한, 부지런히 일하다, 터벅터벅 걷는 plum: 봉봉, 건포도, 진보라색, 양오얏, 큰 재산, 정수, 일품, 알짜, 서양자두, 감언, 암자색 plumber: 연관공, 배관공, 스팀의 연관공, 가스의 연관공, 상의 연관공, 하수도의 연관공 plunder: 약탈, 약탈하다, 착복하다, 약탈품, 노략질하다, 사람들로부터 물건을 약탈하다, 장소로부터 물건을 약탈하다 plunge: 돌진, 돌진하다, 다이빙하다, 던져넣다, 뒷질하다, 뛰어들다, 말이 뒷다리를 들고 뛰어오르다, 찌르다, 배의 뒷질, 큰 도박을 하다, 어떤 상다태로 몰아 넣다-뛰어들다 plunging: 내려쏘는, 뛰어드는 plutocrat: 부호 pneumatic: 공기의, 공기를 함유한, 영적인, 공기의 작용에 의한, 기낭을 가진, 공기가 든, 기학의-공기가 든 타이어, 기학의, 기낭이 있는, 공기가 든 타이어, 공기가 들어 있는 pneumonia: 폐렴 pocketful: 포켓 하나 가득, 포켓 하나 가득한 분량 poetical: 이상화된 poison: 독, 해독, 헤치다, 독살하다, 해로운, 폐해-독을 넣다, 폐해, 독약, 못쓰게 하다-해로운, 못쓰게 하다, 독을 넣다 poisoning: 중독 poke: 게으름뱅이, 주머니, 찌르다,

포켓, 구멍을 찔러서 뚫다, 밀다, 찌름, 자리공, 앞챙이쑥나온여자모자, 와 성교하다-찌르다, 천착하다 polished: 닦은, 광택이 있는, 세련된, 우아한, 닦아 낸, 갈아 낸 polite: 공손한, 세련된, 품위 있는, 예절 바른, 문장 따위 세련된, 고상한 politician: 정치가, 행정관, 정객 polled: 뿔을자른, 대머리의, 둥글게 친 polling: 투표 polo: 폴로, 이탈리아의 여행가, 수구 pome: 이과배 따위 ponderous: 육중한, 다루기 힘든, 답답한, 대단히 무거운, 묵직한, 매우 무거운 poolroom: 당구장, 장외 도박장 poorly: 가난하게, 부족하게, 불충분하게, 신통치 않게, 건강이 좋지 않은 populace: 대중, 서민, 하층 계급 populist: 인민당원 porch: 베란다, 현관, 옛날 아테네에서 제노가 제자들을 모아서 철학 강의를 한 복도 pore: 숙고하다, 기공, 세공, 몰두하다, 털구멍, 털구명, 눈을 독서로 혹사시키다, 자세히 보다, 독서로 혹사시키다, 책 따위를 자세히 보다 pork: 돼지고기, 보조금, 의원이 정치적 배려로 주게 하는 정부 관직 따위, 의원이 정치적 배려로 주게 하는 정부 보조금, 돼지 고기 porter: 문지기, 운반인, 흑맥주, 특등차의 사환, 관리인, 짐꾼 portion: 운명, 분배하다, 부분, 몫, 상속재산, 일인분, 배당으로 주다, 배당, 남에게 분여 재산을 주다, 분할하다, 인분 portly: 당당한, 비만한, 몸집이 뚱뚱한 portray: 묘사하다, 표현하다, 의 그림을 그리다, 그리다, 연기를 하다, 풍경을 그리다, 인물을 그리다 possessions: 재산 postal: 우편의, 우체국의, 우편 엽서 posted: 밝은, 정통한, 지위가 있는 posting: 전기 potato: 감자, 고구마, 감자의 potted: 화분에 심은, 단지에 넣은, 병조림의, 병에 넣은 poultry: 가금, 닭, 오리 따위, 칠면조, 식료품으로서의 가금, 폴트리가, 가금의 고기, 식료품으로서의 가금의 고기 pounder: 치는 사람, 파운드 포, 두들기는사람, 파운드의 물건, 절굿

419 공이, 절굿공이, 찌르는 사람 pour: 호우, 쏟다, 많이 베풀다, 유출, 퍼붓다, 붓다, 도도히 말하다-흘러 나오다, 도도히 말하다, 억수같이 퍼붓다, 억수같이 퍼붓다-유출, 흘러 나오다 pouring: 붓는 것, 붓는 것의 powder: 가루, 가루분, 가루약, 가루를 뿌리다, 가루분을 바르다, 가루가 되다, 화약-가루로하다, 화약, 에 조미료를 치다, 분, 분설 powerhouse: 발전소 powerless: 무력한, 무능한 practicing: 종교의 가르침을 실천하고 있는, 개업하고 있는, 활동하고 있는, 활동하고있는 prairie: 대초원, 숲속의 조그만 빈터, 초원 prattle: 수다, 졸졸하는 소리, 혀짤배기 소리, 어린애 같이 지껄이다, 말을 더듬거리기, 말을 더듬거리다 preach: 설교하다, 설교, 전도하다설교하다, 창도하다, 전하다, 전하다창도하다, 전도하다, 도를 전하다, 권고하다 preacher: 설교자, 목사 preaching: 설교, 설교하는 것 precaution: 경계, 예방책, 조심 precinct: 구내, 관구, 경내, 경계, 부근, 주위 precincts: 경계 precipice: 절벽, 벼랑 precipitately: 갑자기, 줄달음질쳐, 곤두박질로, 돌연 precision: 정확, 정밀, 정밀한, 정확히 사격하는 predaceous: 탐욕스런, 포식성의, 육식의 predatory: 약탈하는, 타종의 동물을 잡아먹는 predecessor: 전임자, 선조, 앞선 것, 앞서의것 preferable: 바람직한, 오히려 나은, 택할 만한, 선택할 만한 prejudice: 편견, 해치다, 손해, 비뚤어진 생각, 불리-편견을 갖게 하다, 손상시키다해치다, 침해, 이익 따위를 해치다, 에 편견을 가지게 하다, 권리 따위를 해치다 preliminary: 예비의, 예선 premature: 너무 이른, 때 아닌, 너무 서두른, 조산아, 시기 상조의 premeditated: 미리 생각한 preposterous: 터무니 없는, 비상식의, 터무니없는 presently: 현재, 이내, 목하, 곧, 이윽고, 얼마 안되어, 곧바로 presiding: 수석의, 주재하는,

420 사회하는 presumption: 주제넘음, 추정, 할 것 같은, 가망, 뻔뻔스러움, 가정, 분수에 지나침 pretended: 거짓의 pretending: 거짓의, 사칭하는, 겉치레하는, 왕위를 노리는 pretense: 구실, 주장, 거짓 꾸밈, 요구, 허위, 허세, 겉치례, 겉치레 pretext: 구실, 변명, 변병 prevail: 이기다, 우세하다, 설복하다, 유행되다, 잘 되다, 설득하다 prevalent: 널리 행해지는, 유행하고 있는, 일반적인, 우세한, 일반적으로 행해지는 preventable: 막을 수 있는, 방해할 수 있는 primeval: 태고의, 원시의 primitive: 원시의, 원시적인, 태고의, 초기의, 원시인, 그 작품, 초생의, 근본의, 소박한-문예 부흥기 이전의 화가, 원어, 원선 printing: 인쇄, 인쇄물, 날염, 활자체의 문자, 인화, 인쇄 부수, 인쇄업, 원색 제판법, 인쇄부수, 인쇄술, 무늬찍기 privation: 결핍, 박탈, 상실, 결여, 특히 일용품의 결핍 probable: 있음직한, 사실 같은, 확실한 듯한, 할 듯 싶은, 유망한 후보자, 무슨일을 할 것 같은 사람, 보결선수, 일어날 듯한 사건, 무슨 일을 할 것 같은 사람 proceeding: 의사록, 행동, 조치, 소송절차, 회보, 조처, 처리, 소송 절차, 행위, 의사, 진행 proceeds: 수입, 수익, 매상고, 과실, 결과 procession: 행렬, 행진, 순위에 변화가 없는 재미 없는 경주, 행진하다, 행령을 지어 나아가다, 행렬을 지어 나아가다, 행렬의 행진 procurer: 획득자, 뚜쟁이 prodigy: 천재, 경탄, 비범, 장관, 불가사의한 것, 비범의 profanation: 모독, 신성을 더럽히기 profanity: 모독적인 언행, 모독, 불경, 신성을 더럽히기, 신성을 더럽히는 행동, 신성을 더럽히는 언사 profess: 공언하다, 직업으로 삼다, 신앙을 고백하다, 을 신앙한다고 공언하다, 라고 자칭하다, 학문, 인 체하다, 기술 따위를 지니고 있다고 공언하다-공언하다, 기술 따위를 지니고 있다고 공언하다, 언명하다, 대학 교수로 있다 professionalism: 전문가기질, 전문 직업 의식

The Jungle proletarian: 프롤레타리아, 프롤레타리아의 proletariat: 무산 계급, 최하층 사회, 프롤레타리아트, 노동 사회, 하충 사회 prometheus: 프로메테우스 prominence: 현저, 돌출물, 돌출, 홍염, 돌기 promiscuous: 난잡한, 무차별의, 되는 대로의, 우연한, 마음 내키는 대로 하는 promising: 장래성 있는, 유망한, 장래가 촉망되는 promptly: 재빨리, 즉시, 즉석에, 정각에, 정확하게, 신속하게 pronounce: 발음하다, 의견을 말하다, 판단을 내리다, 선고하다, 말하다, 단언하다-발음하다, 선언하다 pronouncing: 발음, 발음의, 발표, 선언, 발음을 표시하는 pronunciation: 발음 propaganda: 선전, 선전 기관, 선전 단체, 포교 prophet: 예언자, 예언서, 신의 뜻을 알리는 사람, 구약 성서의 예언서, 마호메트, 대변자, 사물을 예지하는 사람, 주의 따위의 대변자 proprietor: 경영자, 소유자, 소유주, 독점권 소유자, 집주인, 사업주 prosperity: 번영, 행운, 성공 prostitute: 매춘부, 돈의 노예, 매음시키다, 근전에 좌우되는, 악용하다, 매춘하다, 팔다, 약용하다, 암캐, 매춘의, 이익을 위해서 팔다 prostitution: 매춘, 타락 protesting: 불복하는 proven: 증명된 providence: 섭리, 장래에 대한 배려, 신의 뜻, 신조, 검약, 선견, 하나님, 천우, 신의 prowess: 용기, 훌륭한 솜씨, 용감한 행위 ptarmigan: 뇌조, 멧닭 puffing: 추어올림, 훅불기 pugilist: 권투 선수 pulp: 과육, 펄프, 저속한 잡싸구려 책시, 책, 치수, 펄프로 만들다, 펄프가 되다, 걸쭉하게 하다, 펄프같이 되다, 부드러운 과육, 싸구려 잡지 pump: 펌프스, 펌프-펌프로올리다, 넘겨짚어 알아내다, 짜내다, 펌프의 손잡이같이움직이다, 퍼내다, 펌프로 공기를 넣다, 유도문하다, 펌프, 슬쩍 유도 신문하여 알아내다, 끈질기게 슬쩍 넘겨짚어 캐내다 pumping: 펌프 작용, 전자나 이온에 빛을 흡수시켜 에너지가 낮은

상태에서 높은 상태로 끌어올림, 펌프사용 punch: 펀치, 박력, 구멍 뚫는 기구, 타인기, 표 찍는 가위, 펀치지, 활기, 주먹으로 때리기, 몰다, 찍어내다, 주먹으로 때리다 pungent: 날카로운, 자극하는, 마음을 찌르는, 신랄한, 혀나 코를 자극하는, 마음을 몹시 아프게 하는 punish: 혼내주다, 벌하다, 호되게 해치우다, 응징하다, 사람을 벌하다, 죄를 벌하다, 상대방을 혼내주다 puny: 아주 작은, 미약한, 보잘것 없는, 자그마한 puppet: 괴뢰, 꼭두각시, 앞잡이, 작은 인형, 인형, 괴뢰의, 인형극에 쓰이는 인형 purgatory: 연옥, 일시적인 고난 상태, 지옥 같은 곳, 깨끗이 하는, 일시적인 고난, 고난 purple: 화려한, 제왕의, 자줏빛, 왕위, 호화로운, 자주빛의, 고위자주빛의, 자주빛이 되게하다, 자줏빛의, 호화로운-자주빛이 되게하다, 고위 purplish: 자줏빛을 띤, 자주빛을 띤, 자주빛의 purse: 돈주머니, 돈지갑, 오므라지다, 금전, 상금, 기부금-오므리다, 오므리다, 동식물 따위의 낭, 오그라들다, 입술을 오므리다, 낭 pursuer: 추적자, 연구자, 추구자, 종사자, 위의 일을 하는 사람 pushcart: 손수레, 의자형의 유모차, 유모차 puzzled: 하면 좋은가에 대해 어찌할 바를 몰라, 어쩔 줄을 모르는, 좋은가에 대해 어찌할 바를 몰라 quaff: 통음, 꿀꺽꿀꺽 마시다, 술을 꿀꺽꿀꺽들이켜다, 단숨에 들이켜다, 꿀꺽꿀꺽 마심, 쭉 들이켬, 단숨에 들이켜기, 꿀꺽꿀꺽 들이켜다 quaint: 고풍이며 아취 있는, 색다르고 재미있는, 기이한, 별스러워 재미있는 quarrel: 싸움의 원인, 싸움, 불평, 말다툼, 네모진 촉이 달린 화살, 불화의 씨, 불화, 불평하다, 싸움하다, 말다툼하다, 말다툼의 원인 quarrelsome: 싸움 좋아하는, 싸움을 좋아하는 quarry: 채석장, 원천, 찾아내다, 먹이, 복수의 대상, 사냥감, 채석장에서 떠 내다, 추구물, 떠내다, 고 문서에서 사실 따위를 찾아내다, 돌을 잘라내다 queenly: 위엄 있는, 여왕다운, 여왕의, 여왕답게, 여왕 같은

Upton Sinclair quell: 진압하다, 가라앉히다, 소멸시키다, 반란 따위를 진압하다 questioning: 질문, 의심스러운, 심문, 묻는 듯한, 캐묻는 quire: 한 첩, 성가대석, 교희의 성가대석, 노래하는 새떼, 성가대 교희의, 종이 24장 또는 25장, 종이의 한 첩, 성가대 quit: 그만두다, 사퇴하다, 포기하다, 놓아버리다, 면하여, 자유로와, 떠나다, 떠나가다, 일을 중지하다, 일 따위를 그만두다, 용서받은 quiver: 떨림, 떨게 하다, 화살통, 진동, 전통, 떨다, 전동, 흔들리다 quivering: 진동하는, 떨고 있는, 떨리는 rabbi: 선생, 율법학자, 랍비, 직업적인 유대교 지도자, 랍비선생, 유대의 율법 박사의 존칭, 율법박사 rabbit: 토끼, 토끼의 모피, 서투른 경기자, 집토끼, 겁쟁이, 토끼 고기, 토끼 사냥을 하다, 저주하다, 불평을 털어 놓다, 뱅충맞이, 토끼 사냥하다 rack: 고문, 파괴, 그물 선반, 선반, 고문대, 고문하다, 조각구름, 착취하다, 침대, 경구보로 뛰어가다, 황폐 rackets: 라켓 racking: 고문하는, 몸을 괴롭히는, 심한 radicalism: 급진주의, 근본으로부터 생각하기 rafter: 서까래, 뗏목 만드는 사람, 뗏목 타는 사람, 서까래를 만들다, 에 서까래를 얹다, 쟁기로 갈아엎어 밭이랑을 만들다, 에 서까래를 대다, 쟁기질을 하여 밭이랑을 만들다 rag: 넝마, 조각, 꾸짖다, 단편, 놀리다, 장난치다, 신문, 법석, 누더기, 막, 지폐 ragamuffin: 부랑아, 누더기를 걸친 더러운 사람, 남루한 옷을 입은 부랑아, 누더기를 몸에 걸친 초라한 사람, 누더기를 걸친 초라한 사람 rage: 맹위를 떨치다, 격노, 열망, 격노하다, 고조에 달하다, 감흥, 대유행, 감동, 열광, 격렬, 날뛰다 ragged: 조화되지 않은, 울툭불툭한, 남루한, 초라한, 불완전한, 찢어진, 야생의, 깔쭉깔쭉한, 손질을 게을리한, 결점이 있는, 고르지 못한 raging: 격노한, 맹렬한, 미친듯이 사나운, 사납게 날뛰는, 맹위를 떨치는, 거칠어지는 rags: 누더기 railing: 난간, 레일, 폭언, 놀림, 울타리, 가로장, 울, 욕지거리, 레일재료, 그 자료, 욕설 railroad: 철도, 철도로 수송하다,

철도의, 철도에서 일하다, 철도로 여행하다, 철도 시설, 누명을 씌워 투옥하다, 무고한 죄를 뒤집어 씌우다, 철도선로, 일사천리로 통과시키다, 철도를 놓다 무리하게 통과시키다 railroading: 철도 부설 사업, 철도 경영, 철도 여행 rails: 철도주, 울타리 rainbow: 무지개, 덧없는 희망, 무지개의 rainy: 비의, 비에 젖은, 비많은, 비 섞인, 비가 많이 오는, 비가 올 듯한, 우천의, 비가오는, 우기 raiser: 사육자, 올리는 사람, 부양구, 보풀을 세우는 직공, 효모, 일으키는 사람 raisin: 건포도, 노인, 짙은 남빛, 흑인 rake: 갈퀴, 써레, 경사, 긁다, 방탕자, 소사하다, 갈퀴를 쓰다, 방탕하다, 고무래, 갈퀴로 긁다, 난봉꾼 ramshackle: 도덕의식이 낮은, 넘어질 듯한, 덜컥거리는, 쓰러질듯한, 아무렇게나 만든, 일정한 주견이 없는, 흔들거리는, 흔들흔들하는, 체제 따위 금방이라도 무너질 것 같은, 금방이라도 무너질 것 같은, 집 따위 금방이라도 무너질 것 같은 rancid: 썩은 냄새가 나는, 불유쾌한, 불쾌한, 썩은 냄새 나는, 악취가 나는, 역겨운, 코를 찌르는, 버터 따위가 썩은 냄새가 나는 rapids: 여울 rapture: 황홀, 광희, 환희, 황홀하게하다, 무아, 미칠듯한 기쁨, 황홀경, 황홀하게 하다 rascal: 악당, 녀석, 악한, 하층민, 천한 사람, 악당근성, 불량배, 놈, 장난꾸러기, 부랑자의 rascally: 무뢰한의, 악당의, 천한, 악랄한, 비열한, 더러운, 교활한, 야비한 rash: 무모한, 발진, 뾰루지, 지각없는, 성급한, 무분별한, 부스럼, 빈발, 다발, 경솔한, 조급한 rat: 쥐, 쥐를 잡다, 변절하다, 다리, 밀고자, 파업 파괴자, 탈당자, 스파이, 비열한 인간, 배신자, 탈당하다 rationally: 합리적으로, 이성적으로, 이치를 알아서 rattlesnake: 방울뱀, 배반자, 믿을수 없는 녀석 rattling: 활발한, 굉장한, 덜거덕거리는, 훌륭한, 아주, 성가신, 매우, 딸랑거리는, 대단히, 기운찬, 귀찮은 raven: 새까만, 갈가마귀, 약탈하다,

421 큰까마귀, 약탈, 칠흑 같은, 찾아 다니다, 노략질하다, 게걸스럽게 먹다, 갈가마귀 새까만, 마구 먹어대다 ravening: 먹이를 찾아다니는, 탐욕스러운, 게걸스럽게 먹는, 탐욕스런 ravenous: 굶주린, 게걸든, 게걸스럽게 먹는, 탐욕스런, 마구 먹어대는 raving: 굉장한, 헛소리, 광란, 대단한, 대단히, 노호, 헛소리하는, 헛소리를 하는, 미쳐날뛰는, 광란의, 광란하는 rawboned: 빼빼 마른, 앙상한, 깡마른 ready-made: 제 것이 아닌, 기성품의, 평범한, 개성이 없는, 만들어져 있는, 빌어 온, 기성복의 realization: 현금화, 현실화, 실현, 인식, 실정을 앎, 실물같이 그림, 취득, 사실이라고 생각함, 정말이라고 생각함, 정말이라고 느낌, 정말이라고 깨달음 realm: 범위, 왕국, 영역, 부문, 영토, 권, 국토, 계, 분야, 세계, 대 reap: 베다, 획득하다, 베어들이다, 수확하다, 받다, 얻다, 거두다, 보답 따위를 받다 reaper: 수확기, 사신, 베어들이는 사람, 거두어 들이는 사람, 베는 사람, 죽음의 신, 죽음, 수확자 reasoned: 사리에 맞는, 상세한 이유를 붙인, 도리에 입각한, 숙고한 끝의 rebate: 할인, 환불, 리베이트, 할인하다, 감소, 일부 환불, 무디게하다, 리베이트를 주다, 감소하다, 감소시키다, 환불하다 rebellion: 모반, 반란, 반항, 폭동, 권력에 대한 반항 rebellious: 반항적인, 다루기 힘든, 반항하는, 반역심이 있는, 반란하는, 모반의, 힘에 부치는, 다루기 어려운, 낫기 힘든, 난치의, 모반하는 rebuke: 비난, 힐책, 징계, 비난하다, 꾸짖다, 견책하다, 견책 recalcitrant: 완강하게 반항하는, 고집쟁이, 다루기 힘든, 반항자, 반항적인, 복종치 않는, 에 기대는, 휘어 잡을 수 없는, 고집센, 고집 불통, 완강히 저항하는 receipt: 영수증, 수령, 수취, 영수, 영수증을 떼다, 조리법, 영수필이라고 쓰다, 영수 필이라고 쓰다, 영수증을 발행하다, 영수액, 수령액 receptacle: 저장소, 용기, 소켓, 그릇, 콘센트, 꽃턱, 피난소, 두는 곳, 꽃받침

422 recite: 이야기하다, 암송하다, 낭송하다, 다시 인용하다, 문서에자세히 기술하다, 복창하다, 열거하다, 읊다, 질문에 구두로 답하다, 말하다, 특히 청중 앞에서 암송하다 reckless: 개의치 않는, 무모한, 분별 없는, 앞뒤를 가리지 않는 recklessness: 무모, 무분별 recoil: 뒷걸음질, 반동, 뒷걸음질치다, 되튀다, 위축, 되튀기, 진저리침, 공무니빼다, 혐오, 다시 감다, 퇴각하다 recollect: 다시 모으다, 회상하다, 가라앉히다, 생각해 내다, 생각나다, 기억나다, 북돋우다, 진정시키다, 냉정하게 하다, 다시 불러일으키다, 상기다 recollected: 냉정한, 침착한, 추억의, 차분한, 묵상에 잠긴, 생각난 recollection: 회상, 기억, 추억, 회고록, 상기, 회고, 옛날을 생각케 하는 것, 마음의 평정, 기억력 reconsideration: 재심, 재고, 재심의 record-breaking: 전례없음, 기록을 깨뜨림 recuperate: 회복하다, 회복시키다, 만회하다, 건강해지다, 손실 따위를 회복하다, 건강 따위를 회복하다 recurring: 회귀하는, 되풀이하여 발생하는, 순환하는, 반복되어 발생되는 red-eyed: 눈이 빨간, 빨간 눈의 red-faced: 얼굴이 붉은, 화가 난, 부끄러운, 당황한, 얼굴을 붉힌 red-handed: 손이 빨간, 손이 피투성이의, 현행범의, 손이 피투성이가 되어, 손이 피투성이가 된 redheaded: 머리털이 빨간, 머리가 붉은, 머리깃이 빨간, 머리칼이 빨간 reek: 김, 악취, 기미가 있다, 악취를 풍기다, 김을 내다, 연기, 냄새가 나다, 연기나다, 의 냄새가 나다, 증기, 악취가 나는 공기 reel: 얼레, 릴, 비틀거리다, 잣다, 감는 틀, 실패, 술술, 실을 뽑다, 얼레에 감다, 현기증 얼레에 감다, 현기증나다 reelection: 재선, 개선 refined: 세련된, 우아한, 미묘한, 정제된, 정확한, 정련한, 정교한, 엄정한, 정묘한, 품위있는, 정제한 refreshment: 원기 회복, 원기를 회복시키는 것, 휴양, 다과, 원기를 북돋우는 것, 음식물, 피로 풀기, 가벼운 음식물, 기분을 상쾌하게 함, 특히 간단한 음식물, 간단한 음식물 refrigerator: 냉장고, 증기응결기,

The Jungle 냉각장치, 냉동기, 냉장기, 빙실 refuge: 피난처, 은신처, 피난, 안전지대, 핑계, 도피처, 구실, 의지, 의지가 되는 사람, 의지가 되는 물건, 위안자 regiment: 연대, 연대로 편성하다, 다수, 조직화 하다, 조직화하다, 통제하다, 대군, 엄격히 통제하다, 많은 무리, 지배, 연대에 편성하다 rein: 고삐, 제어하다, 자유를 주다, 억제, 속력을 늦추다, 그만두다, 권력, 고삐로 다루다, 제어의 수단, 견제, 보통 가죽으로 만든 고삐 relaxation: 기분 전환, 경감, 이완, 완화, 풀림.이완, 정력감퇴, 편히 쉼, 오락, 쇠약, 느즈러짐, 긴장을 풂 relentless: 잔인한, 냉혹한, 가차없는, 무자비한 relentlessly: 용서없이, 무정하게, 냉혹하게 relish: 조미료, 식욕, 좋아하다, 향기, 흥미, 기호, 양념, 풍미, 즐기다, 맛보다, 기미 remembrance: 기념, 기억, 회상, 추억, 기념품, 기억력, 전갈, 기억의 범위, 유물, 잊지 않고 있음, 안부를 묻는 전언 reminiscences: 회고담 reminiscent: 추억의, 생각나게 하는, 옛날을 회상하는, 추억에 잠기는, 상기시키는, 회상록을 쓰는 사람, 회상하게하는, 옛생각을 하는, 추억을 이야기하는 사람, 암시하는, 회고의 remorse: 양심의 가책, 후회, 연민, 회한, 자책, 자비 remorseless: 무자비한, 뉘우치지 않는, 무정한, 잔인한, 가차 없는, 냉혹한, 후회없는 remorselessly: 무자비하게, 후회없게 rend: 쪼개지다, 째지다, 강탈하다, 비틀어 떼다, 찢다, 찌르다, 분열시키다, 쥐어 뜯다, 괴롭히다, 떼어놓다, 산란하게 하다 rendering: 번역, 표현, 연주, 연출, 반환, 정제, 초벌칠, 교부, 인도, 번역문, 묘사 renew: 재개하다, 갱신하다, 갱생시키다, 고쳐 쓰다, 다시 시작하다, 일신하다, 되풀이하다, 회복하다, 다시 시작되다, 되찾다, 되풀이 하다 rental: 임대의, 셋집, 임대료 수입, 렌터카, 셋방, 임대료, 임차료, 임대차물, 임차, 지대로서 치르는총액, 임대 rented: 임대료가 ...한 rents: 부모 repentance: 후회, 회한, 회개, 참회

repetition: 되풀이, 반복, 암송, 모사, 모방, 복사, 반복된 말, 복주, 복창, 사본, 재주장 reporter: 보고자, 통신원, 기관지, 서기관, 신문기자, 의사 속기자, 탐방기자, 의사기록원, 신고자 repression: 억제, 진압, 억압, 제지, 억압본능 republican: 공화국의, 공화당원, 공화주의자, 공화당의, 떼지어 사는, 공화당의 공화주의자, 제비의 일종, 군생의, 공화당의 주의, 공화정체의, 새 따위가 떼지어 사는 repulsive: 쌀쌀한, 반발하는, 물리치는, 혐오감을 일으키는, 쫓아버리는, 불쾌한, 반향하는, 냉정한, 몹시 불쾌한 repute: 평판, 세평, 명성, 호평, 이라고 평하다, 신용, 생각하다, 로 보다, 라 평하다, 여기다, 고명 resemblance: 유사, 닮은 얼굴, 닮음, 외관, 유사물, 초상, 그림, 외형, 상, 비슷함, 모양 reserved: 보류한, 제한된, 예비의, 수줍은, 예약한, 지정의, 전세낸, 운명지어진, 말수가 적은, 사양하는, 수줍어하는 resign: 사임하다, 포기하다, 몸을 맡기다, 사직하다, 양도하다, 체념하다, 감수하다, 그만두다, 따르다, 맡기다, 버리다 resistless: 저항하지 않는, 불가항력의, 저항할 수 없는, 저항 할 수 없는 resounding: 반향하는, 널리 알려진, 메아리치는, 울려퍼지는, 울리는, 틀림없는 respectability: 명사들, 신분이 높은 사람들, 체면, 훌륭한 태도, 존경할 만함, 남부끄럽지 않음, 체통, 존경할 만 함, 점잖은분, 인습적인 예의, 인습적 의례 respite: 유예, 연기, 휴식, 일시적 중지, 에게 형의 집행을 유예하다, 상환 독촉을 유예하다, 일시적으로 덜어주다, 정지하다, 집행유예, 휴식기간, 휴지 resting: 휴면하고 있는, 휴식하고 있는, 증식하지 않고 있는 restless: 끊임없는, 불안한, 침착하지 못한, 잠잘 수 없는, 잠못이루는, 활동적인, 쉬지 않는, 쉬지 못하게 하는, 들떠 있는, 부단한, 침착하지 않은 restlessness: 차분하지 못함 restrained: 자제된, 억제된, 삼가는, 차분한, 절도있는, 절도 있는 resume: 요약하다, 다시 시작하다, 되찾다, 개요, 적요, 다시 차지하다,

Upton Sinclair 회복하다, 이력서, 다시 계속하다, 계속하다, 재점유하다 retire: 회수하다, 퇴직하다, 물러나다, 물러나게 하다, 자다, 아웃시키다, 은퇴시키다, 아웃 시키다, 퇴각하다, 입후보를 단념하다, 지폐 따위를 회수하다 retreat: 퇴각, 묵상, 퇴각하다, 은퇴, 은퇴처, 쑥 들어가다, 정수, 물러나다, 뒤로 물리다, 귀영 나팔소리, 특히 말을 뒤로 물리다 retrieve: 회복, 되찾다, 회복하다, 정정하다, 생각해 내다, 구하다, 되찾음, 메우다, 보상하다, 부활시키다, 검색하다 reunion: 재결합, 친목회, 재회, 동창회, 재결합동 revenge: 원한, 복수하다, 복수심, 앙갚음, 원수를 갚다, 복수, 보복, 설욕의 기회, 복수의 기회, 원한을 갚다, 의 복수를 하다 reverence: 존경, 존경하다, 위덕, 님, 경례, 숭상, 숭상하다, 신부님, 경의, 위엄, 경계 revival: 재생, 신앙부흥, 부활, 재상연, 부흥, 소생, 문예부흥, 신앙 부훙 운동, 신앙 부흥, 신앙 부흥 전도회, 회복 revolutionist: 혁명당원, 혁명론자, 혁명가 revolve: 회전하다, 궁리하다, 곰곰이 생각하다, 회전시키다, 순환하다, 공전하다, 오가다, 선회하다, 주기적으로 일어나다, 생각나다, 운행시키다 revolver: 회전로, 리볼버, 연발 권총, 연발권총 revolving: 회전하는, 회전식의, 회전장치의, 선회하는, 윤전식의 rheumatism: 류머티스, 류머티즘 ribbon: 리본, 리본 모양의 것, 가늘고 길게 쪼갠 널빤지, 끈, 에 리본을 달다, 고삐, 리본 모양으로 되다, 리본 모양으로 퍼지다, 리본의, 에 리본 모양의 것을 달다, 시계의 태엽 ribbons: 고삐 rickets: 구루병, 골연화증, 곱사등 ridden: 시달린, 지배된, 압제받은, 득실거리는, 고통받은, 무턱대고 많은, 악몽 따위에 시달린 ridicule: 비웃다, 비웃음, 조소, 조롱, 놀림, 조롱거리, 조소하다, 웃음거리 rife: 유행하는, 한창인, 수두룩한, 수없이 많은, 자자한, 충만한 rifle: 라이플총, 강선을 넣다, 강탈하다, 샅샅이 뒤지다, 선조, 소총, 소총 부대, 포획하다, 소총으로 쏘다, 선조총, 훔치다 rig: 의장, 말을 맨 마차, 의장하다,

장난, 삭구를 갖추다, 범장, 임시 변통으로 만들다, 장비하다, 속임수, 유정 굴착 장치, 의복 right-hand: 오른쪽으로 꼬인, 오른쪽, 심복의, 오른손의, 가장 쓸모 있는, 믿을 만한, 우측의, 오른편의, 오른쪽의, 오른손을 쓰는, 심복이 되는 rimmed: 의 테가 있는 ringing: 울리는, 울려퍼지는, 울림, 공명, 이명 riot: 폭동, 폭동을 일으키다, 소동, 방종, 야단법석, 아주 유쾌한 사람, 방탕, 난봉, 방탕생활을 하다, 떠들다, 대성공 ripping: 멋지게, 멋진, 훌륭하게, 훌륭한 risky: 위험한, 모험적인, 외설한, 아슬아슬한, 말의 장면 따위가 음란한, 음란한, 연극의 장면 따위가 음란한 roadside: 길가, 노변, 길가의, 대로변, 대로변의 roadway: 도로, 차도 roar: 으르렁거리다, 울리다, 노호, 포효, 폭소, 외치다, 노호하다, 고함치다, 반향하다, 소리쳐 말하다, 왁자그르르 웃다 roaring: 떠들썩한, 포효, 활발한, 으르렁거림, 술마시며 떠드는, 소리, 경기가 좋은, 굉음, 극도로, 노호하는, 굉굉히 울리는 roast: 불고기, 굽기, 구워지다, 굽다, 데우다, 구운, 조롱, 볶다, 익히다, 심한 조롱, 생선을굽다 robbery: 강탈, 강도, 약탈, 강도죄, 도둑질, 강도질 rocking: 흔들리는, 진동, 흔들리는 흔들림 rocky: 바위가 많은, 불안정한, 완고한, 흔들흔들하는, 암석으로 된, 바위많은, 태연한, 암석질의, 비슬거리는, 불안한, 바위의 roofed: 으로 지붕을 한, 지붕이 있는 roomed: 의 방이 있는 roomy: 널찍한, 넓은 rosebush: 장미나무, 장미덤불, 장미 나무 rosin: 로진, 수지가 많은, 로진으로 봉하다, 로진을 바르다, 바이올린의 활 따위에 로진을 칠하다, 로진을 칠하다 rot: 부패, 썩다, 썩음, 썩어 문드러지다, 부패물, 타락시키다, 부패시키다, 부패하다, 부패병, 헛소리, 타락 rotten: 약한, 썩은, 부패한, 부서지기 쉬운, 타락한, 더러운, 취약한, 나쁜, 태도가 나쁜, 궂은, 축축한

423 rottenness: 부패 rouge: 연지, 연지를 바르다, 철단, 벵갈라, 얼굴을 붉히다, 붉은 빛의, 상대방의 득점이 되는 터치다운, 스크럼, 루즈, 붉어지다, 화장용 연지 roulette: 룰렛, 점선기, 작은 인두, 공굴리기 도박, 궤조, 윤전곡선, 우표에 점선을 내는 점선기, 에 룰렛으로 자국을 내다, 기어식 점선기 roundup: 검거, 총괄, 가축을 몰아 모으기, 가축을 몰아 한데 모으기, 몰아 모은 가축, 몰이 rouse: 각성, 격려하다, 날아오르게하다, 일어나다, 술판, 일으키다, 성나게 하다, 분발, 잠이 깨다, 휘젓다, 고무하다 rub: 장애, 문지르다, 마찰, 곤란, 마찰하다, 빈정거림, 애써 나아가다, 울퉁불퉁함, 문지르기, 스치다, 빈정대기 rubber: 숫돌, 고무, 안마사, 고무의, 고무제품, 고무지우개, 탄성고무, 콘돔, 충돌, 지우개, 생고무 rubbers: 덧신, 고무로 만든 덧신 rubbing: 마사지, 마찰, 탁본, 안마, 연마, 문지름, 탑본, 비명 따위의 탑본, 문지르기 ruin: 파멸, 폐허, 손해, 파산, 몰락, 파멸시키다, 피해, 잔해, 파괴하다, 영락, 몰락한 사람 ruined: 몰락한, 파멸한, 황폐한, 해를 입은, 타락한, 멸망한, 파산한 ruler: 통치자, 지배자, 주권자, 자부기봉, 괘선을 긋는 기구, 통치자의 지위, 괘를 치는 사람, 자, 괘선을 긋는 사람 rum: 이상한, 술, 럼 술, 기묘한, 서투른, 럼주, 만만찮은, 위험한, 어려운, 별스런, 럼술 rumbling: 소문, 투덜대기, 우르르소리내는, 우르르소리, 불평, 불만 rummy: 기묘한, 카드놀이의 일종, 주정뱅이, 괴상한, 럼술을 마시는 사람, 럼의, 럼주의 주정뱅이, 건달, 술집, 야릇한, 대주가 rumor: 소문, 소음, 풍문, 유언비어, 풍설, 풍설 소문을 내다, 소문내다, 소문을 내다 runaway: 도망, 쉽게 이긴, 도망친, 탈주자, 도망자, 달아난, 탈주, 낙승, 사랑의 도피, 급히 오르는, 가출소년 rushing: 러닝 플레이로 나아간 거리, 러싱 rust: 녹, 녹슬다, 녹병에 걸리다, 녹병, 무활동, 녹슬게 하다, 녹병균, 녹빛이 되다, 녹빛, 나쁜 습관, 둔해지다

424 rustle: 훔치다, 기운차게 하다, 바스락바스락, 살랑살랑 소리내다, 살랑살랑 흔들다, 살랑거리는 소리, 살랑거리다, 서둘러 다루다, 말 따위를 훔치다, 서둘러 움직이다, 소 따위를 훔치다 rusty: 녹슨, 녹빛의, 녹병에 걸린, 무디어진, 구식의, 낡아빠진, 반항적인, 녹에서 생긴, 썩은 냄새가 나는, 완고한, 다루기 힘든 rut: 바퀴자국, 상례, 발정, 상습, 판에 박힌 방식, 암내남, 암내, 상투적인 방법, 발정하다, 바퀴 자국을 남기다, 바퀴자국을 내다 ruthless: 무정한, 무자비한, 잔인한, 가차없는, 냉혹한 ruthlessness: 냉혹, 무정, 무자비 rye: 호밀, 호밀 흑빵, 호밀 위스키, 호밀의, 라이 위스키 sack: 약탈, 마대, 약탈하다, 해고, 잠자리, 주머니 부대, 부대, 침낭, 누, 큰 자루, 퇴짜 sacrifice: 희생타, 희생, 투매하다, 헌신, 싸구려로, 그로 인한 손실, 제물, 희생타로 진루시키다, 희생적 행위, 희생하다, 희생타를 치다 safekeeping: 보호, 호위, 보관 sailing: 범주, 출범, 항행, 항해술, 순조로운 진행, 항행력, 항해의 sailor: 선원, 수병, 수부, 수병 모자, 해군 군인 saint: 성인, 성도, 성, 성인으로 하다, 시성하다, 인공위성 추적용 비행체, 천국에 간 사람, 성인으로 숭배하다, 발기인, 기독교도 등의 칭호, 교부 등의 칭호 sallow: 누르스름한, 땅버들, 창백하게 하다, 혈색이 나쁜, 버드나무속의 식물, 누르스름한 색이 되게 되다, 누르스름한 빛깔, 누르스름한 색이 되게 하다 saloon: 술집, 바, 객실, 홀, 큰 방, 사교실, 오락장, 큰 홀, 특별 객차, 라운지, 세단형 자동차 saloonkeeper: 바의 주인, 술집 salted: 소금에 절인, 염분이 있는, 경험있는, 노련한, 면역된, 소금으로 간을 맞춘, 숙련된, 순화된, 속임수를 쓴, 풍토에 익숙해진 salting: 소금기가 있는, 짭잘한, 바닷물이 드나드는 늪지, 소금의 적용, 소금의 사용 saltpeter: 초석, 칠레초석, 질산 칼륨 salts: 방향염 salvation: 구제, 구조, 구조자, 구원, 구세, 구제물 sanction: 재가, 제재, 지지, 인가, 국제적 제제, 상벌, 인가하다, 제재 규정을 두다, 법의 강제력, 재가하다

The Jungle sandstorm: 모래 폭풍 sandwich: 샌드위치, 사이에 끼우다, 샌드위치 모양의 것, 끼워 넣다, 샌드위치 케이크 sane: 제정신의, 합리적인, 분별이 있는, 건전한 sarcasm: 풍자, 비꼼, 빈정댐, 빈정대는말 sarcastic: 풍자적인, 빈정대는말, 풍자, 비꼼, 빈정댐, 말, 비꼬는, 빈정대는 sarcastically: 비꼬듯이, 실랄하게 sarsaparilla: 그 뿌리, 그 뿌리를 가미한 탄산수, 청미래덩굴속의 식물 satchel: 학생 가방, 손가방 satisfactorily: 더할나위 없는, 흡족하게, 충분히, 만족한, 만족하게 satisfying: 확실한, 충분한, 만족을 주는, 납득이 가는, 납득이 되는, 만족한 saturdays: 토요일에는 언제나, 토요일마다 saturnalia: 농신제, 법석 saucer: 받침접시, 받침 접시, 받침 접시 모양의 것, 화분의 밑받침 sauerkraut: 소금절이 양배추, 소금에 절인 양배추 sausage: 소시지, 순대, 소시지형 계류기구, 소시지 모양의 것, 부정한 여자, 독일 사람 savage: 야만적인, 야만인, 잔인, 사나운, 잔인한, 황량한, 세련되지 못한, 최고의, 야만적인 사람, 물어 뜯다, 나체의 savagely: 야만적인, 잔인, 야만인, 사나운, 사납게, 몹시 화가 나서 sawdust: 톱밥, 콧대를 꺾어 놓다 scab: 딱지, 붉은 곰팡이 병, 비열한, 천한, 파업을 깨다, 비조합원 조동자, 붉은 곰팡이병에 걸린, 검은별 무늬병, 딱지가 앉다, 더러운, 딱지 투성이니 scaly: 비늘이 있는, 비늘 모양의, 인색한, 물때가 낀, 천한, 벗겨져 떨어지는 scanning: 주사, 스캐닝, 정사, 운율분석, 정사하는 scant: 인색한, 가까스로의, 모자라는, 불충분한, 인색하게 굴다, 좀 부족한, 경시하다, 아껴서, 아까워하다, 부족한 scarce: 드문, 부족한, 희귀한, 결석하다, 결핍한 scarcity: 부족, 결핍, 기근, 식량난, 품귀 scare: 겁냄, 깜짝 놀라게 하다, 겁을 집어먹다, 으르다, 놀람, 깜짝 놀라는 일, 겁, 놀라게 하여 쫓아버리다,

소동, 위협하다, 겁내다 scared: 깜짝 놀란, 겁에 질린, 겁을 집어먹은, 하기가 겁나는 scarlet: 주홍색, 주홍빛, 진홍색의, 진홍색, 죄많은, 진분홍 빛의 옷, 죄악을 상징하는 진홍빛 scatter: 흩뿌리다, 쫓아버리다, 뿔뿔이 흩어지다, 산발하다, 소수, 흩뜨려진 것, 흩뜨림 scattered: 뿔뿔이 흩어진, 산발적인, 산만한, 산재해 있는, 드문드문 있는 scent: 냄새, 향수를 뿌리다, 향수, 흔적, 향기, 냄새 맡다, 냄새를 풍기다, 냄새자취, 실마리, 알아채다, 후각 scholar: 학생, 장학생, 학자, 학식, 어학자, 학식이 있는 사람 scholarly: 학문을 좋아하는, 학자다운, 학식이 있는, 학자적인, 학자답게, 학술적인, 학구적인, 학문적인 schooner: 포장마차, 큰 맥주잔, 스쿠너, 큰 조끼, 큰 포장 마차, 스쿠너선 scold: 꾸짖다, 앵앵거리다, 잔소리하다, 잔소리꾼 scolding: 잔소리가 심한, 잔소리, 꾸짖는, 힐책 scorching: 맹렬한, 태우는, 난폭한질주, 호된 태움, 호된, 태우는 듯한, 매우 뜨거운, 몹시 뜨거운, 난폭한 질주, 태움, 타는 듯이 scorn: 경멸하다, 경멸, 떳떳하게 여기지 않다, 냉소하다, 경멸받는 것, 거절하다, 조소하다, 경멸받는 사람 scornfully: 경멸하다, 경멸, 떳떳하게 여기지 않다, 깔보고, 경멸하여, 경멸적으로 scoundrel: 악당, 깡패, 건달의 scoundrelly: 깡패같은, 악당의, 악당같은 scourge: 천벌, 몹시 괴롭히다, 매질하다, 채찍, 벌하다, 매, 징벌하다, 채찍질하다 scouring: 연마, 설사, 정련, 오물, 인간쓰레기, 진흙, 쓰레기, 인간 폐물 scrap: 오려낸 것, 폐기하다, 폐물, 파쇠, 작은 조각, 파편, 부스러기로 하다, 주먹다짐하다, 쇠부스러기, 싸움꾼, 잡동사니 scrape: 켜다, 긁어 모으다, 문지르다, 문질러 만들다, 푼푼이 모으다, 비벼 스치며 나아가다, 문질러 지다, 긁어모으다, 면도하다, 발을 비비다, 고생 scream: 소리치다, 날카로운 소리, 깔깔대다, 매우 익살스런 사람, 큰 소리를 지르다, 번지르르하여 어울리지 않다, 깔깔거리며 웃다,

Upton Sinclair 센세이셔널 글을 써대다, 소리질러 말하다, 우스꽝스러운 것, 우스꽝스러운 사람 screaming: 깜짝 놀라게 하는, 번지르르한, 이목을 끌게 하는, 우스워 못 견디는, 날카롭게 외치는, 선정적인, 깔깔 웃는, 킥킥거리는, 외치는, 삑삑 우는, 쇳소리를 지르는 screw: 나사, 압박, 구두쇠, 분발시키다, 추진기, 억지로 깍다, 굽히다, 한번 비틀기, 성교하다, 봉급, 몸을 비틀다 scrollwork: 소용돌이 장식, 당초 무늬 scrub: 관목, 그렇게 하기, 덤블, 미사일 발사중지하다, 뼈빠지게 일하다, 빡빡 문지르다, 자잘한, 북북 문질러 닦기, 취소, 잘 자라지 못한 나무, 미사일 발사 중지 seal: 도장, 봉인, 인장, 날인하다, 바다표범 사냥을 하다, 인, 바다표범, 입막음, 확증, 보증, 그 털가죽 sealed: 봉인한, 도장을 찍은 sealing: 봉인, 봉인함, 날인, 날인함, 물개잡이 seated: 걸상이 ~한, 앉는 부분이 ~한, 엉덩이가~한 seating: 착석, 좌석, 승마의 자세, 좌석의 배치, 승마자세, 의자의 씌우개의 재료, 좌석배치, 수용 능력, 승마의 앉음새, 의자의 속의 재료, 의자의 씌우ㅐ의 재료 secondhand: 전해 들은, 간접의, 두번째의, 중고의, 헌 물건을 파는 second-hand: 중고로, 중고의, 고물로, 간접의 seduce: 유혹하다, 꾀어내다, 황홀케하다, 부추기다, 추기다, 매혹하다 seducer: 유혹하다, 꾀어내다, 부추기다, 황홀케하다, 유혹자 seedy: 초라한, 기분이 좋지 않은, 씨 많은, 야윈, 풀향기가 나는, 씨가 많은 seeming: 겉으로의, 외관상의 겉보기, 외관, 겉모양, 외관상의, 표면만의 seemingly: 겉으로는, 생각이 들다, 로 보이다, 같다, 표면상, 있을 것처럼 보이다, 겉으로 보기에 seething: 격렬한, 혹독한, 펄펄 끓는, 용솟음치는, 심한, 속이 끓어 오르는, 비등하는소용돌이치는, 동요하는, 들끓는 seize: 잡다, 압류하다, 침범하다, 이용하다, 움켜쥐다, 이해하다, 잡아매다, 잘 알고 있다, 붙들어 매다, 덮치다, 엄습하다 seizing: 압류, 잡기, 동여맴, 동여매는 밧줄, 점유, 움켜짐, 꼭쥠,

빼앗음, 소유, 붙잡기 self-governing: 자제 극기, 자치의, 자주 관리, 민주 정치, 자치 self-importance: 자부 selfish: 이기적인, 제멋대로의, 자기 본위의, 자애적인 self-made: 독립 독행의, 자작의, 자력으로 만든 sen: 센 senator: 평의원, 상원의원, 이사, 상원 의원, 원로원 의원, 정치가, 추밀 고문관 senseless: 무감각한, 무분별한, 무의식의, 몰상식한, 무감각의, 무의미한 sensual: 관능적인, 감각의, 육욕의, 호색의, 육체적 감각의, 감각론의, 관능주의의, 음탕한, 감각적인 sensuality: 호색, 육욕에 빠짐, 관능성, 육욕능성 sentiment: 의견, 감상, 정서, 감정의, 감상적인, 다감, 정취, 다감한, 감정, 감정에 흐르는 경향, 감정적인 생각 sentimental: 감상적인, 감정의, 다감한, 감정적인, 감정에 바탕을 둔 serge: 서지, 세루 seriousness: 정색, 진지, 용이치 않음, 딱딱함, 엄숙, 중대, 심각함, 중대함, 진지함 setter: 식자공, 선동자, 사냥물을 가리키는 사냥개, 밀고자, 상감하는 사람, 박아넣는 사람, 세터, 스파이, 여성 settling: 앙금, 침전물, 식민, 결정, 내려앉음, 고정, 맑아짐 seventies: 칠십의 기호, 칠십세, 칠십, 칠십년대, 칠십대 sever: 떨어지다, 절단하다, 단절하다, 가르다, 끊다, 떼어놓다, 자르다, 끊어지다 sew: 꿰매어 붙이다, 바느질하다, 깁다, 박다, 꿰매다, 꿰매어 막다, 재봉하다, 재봉하여 만들다, 철하다 sewer: 하수구, 재봉사, 하수도, 급사장, 바느질하는 기계, 바느질하는 사람, 하수 sewing: 재봉, 바느질감, 바느질실, 재봉의 shackles: 족쇄 shadowing: 전자 현미경의 가시도를 높이는 것 shadowy: 공허한, 덧없는, 몽롱한, 그림자 있는, 그림자가 많은, 그림자 같은, 환상의, 흔적을 나타내는 shady: 수상한, 희미한, 뒤가 구린, 그늘의, 좋지않은, 그늘이 많은, 떳떳하지 못한, 드러내 놓을 수 없는 shaggy: 털복숭이의, 털이 더부룩한, 털 북숭이의, 길고 부드러운 털이

425 있는, 털이 많은, 풀숲이 많은, 얽히고 설킨 sham: 가짜, 속임, 을 가장하다, 협작꾼, 군사 연습, 하는 체하다, 모조의, 짐짓, 가짜의, 허풍선이, 허위의 shanty: 선술집, 오두막, 뱃노래, 오두막집, 얻어맞아 멍이 든 눈언저리 sharer: 공유참여하는 사람, 받는 사람 sharpen: 날카롭게 하다, 예리하게 하다, 갈리다, 음조를 올리다, 영리해지다, 심해지다, 빈틈 없게 하다, 더욱 영리하게 하다, 더욱 심하게 하다, 더욱 세게 하다, 날카로와지다 shaven: 면도한, 깎은 shawl: 숄, 어깨 걸치개, 에 숄을 걸치다 shay: 이륜 경마차, 역마차, 긴의 자 sheeny: 빛나는, 윤나는, 윤이 나는, 유대인 shield: 방패, 보호물, 수호하다, 무늬, 방패가 되다, 실드, 방패꼴, 보호하다, 보호자, 숨기다, 순상부 shifting: 이동하는, 바뀌는, 속임수, 협잡의, 이동, 수책을 부리는, 술책을 부리는 shiftless: 무능한, 게으른, 두름성 없는, 뱅충맞은 shine: 햇빛, 빛나다, 장난, 닦다, 비치다, 빼어나다, 좋아함, 윤기, 애착, 퍼렇게 멍든 눈, 일광 shingles: 대상포진, 대상 포진 shining: 화려한, 빛나는 뛰어난, 두드러진, 빛나는 shiny: 빛나는, 윤이 나는, 번쩍이는, 햇빛이 쬐는, 번들거리는, 해가 비치는, 닳아 빤질빤질한 shipping: 해운업, 선박, 선박 톤수, 선적, 실어 보내기, 출하, 수송, 배에 싣기, 선박주, 해운, 적하 shirk: 게을리 하다, 피하다, 책임을 회피하다, 기피자, 회피하다 shirtwaist: 블라우스 shiver: 조각, 부서지다, 파편, 부수다, 오한, 부들부들 떨게 하다, 떨림, 떨리게 하다, 산산이 부서지다, 산산이 부수다, 산산조각 shivering: 몸의 떨림, 전율 shocked: 어안이 벙벙한, 얼떨떨한, 충격을 받은 shoddy: 가짜, 가짜의, 재생의, 굴퉁이의, 재생 털실, 위조품, 재생 나사, 재생 모직물, 재생한 털실, 재생 모직물의, 싸구려 물품 shoe: 구두, 신, 편자, 단화, 접촉부, 끝쇠, 타이어의 외피, 이왕 내친 걸음이면 끝까지, 집전장치, 구두를

426 신기다, 구두 모양의 것 shopworn: 오랫동안 내놓아 찌든 shorn: 을 빼앗긴, 깎인 shortening: 단축, 생략, 쇼트닝, 단축어, 생략어, 생략법 shortness: 짧음, 부족, 무름, 낮음, 가까움, 무뚝뚝함, 냉랭함, 부서지기 쉬움, 간략 shove: 밀치다, 출발하다, 떠나다, 밀어내다, 찌르다, 저어 나아가다, 떼밀기, 밀다, 지지, 밀어 만들다, 한 번 떼밀기 shovel: 삽, 삽으로 푸다, 큰 숟갈, 을 삽으로 뜨다, 을 많이 퍼넣다, 을 삽으로 파다, 을 많이 넣다, 삽으로 하나 가득한 분량, 동력 삽, 셔블 모자, 삽으로 일을 하다 shoveler: 삽질하는 사람, 과장하는 버릇이 있는 사람, 퍼담는 도구 shrewd: 빈틈없는, 기민한, 모진, 심한, 약빠른, 날카로운, 짓궂은, 얘민한, 영리해 보이는 shriek: 비명, 새된 소리를 지르다, 그 소리, 을 새된 목소리로 말하다 shrine: 묘, 신전, 성체 용기, 사당, 감실에 모시다, 감실, 성당, 성물함, 을 사당에 모시다, 성골함, 전당 shrinking: 움츠리는, 겁내는, 움츠리는 것 shrunken: 시든 shudder: 떨다, 떪, 몸서리치다, 떨림, 몸서리 shuddering: 쭈뼛해지는, 떠는, 몸서리치는 shun: 차렷, 기피하다, 피하다 shy: 뒷걸음질, 내성적인, 냉소, 겁많은, 부족한, 조심성 많은, 놀라 물러서다, 홱 던지다, 을 의심하다, 수줍다, 을 피하다 shyness: 수줍음, 스스러움, 겁, 겁많음, 숫기없음, 소심 siberia: 시베리아 sickening: 병나게 하는, 지겨운, 메스꺼운, 구역질나게 하는, 욕지기나게 하는 sickness: 병, 역겨움, 구역질, 메스꺼움, 앓음 sidewalk: 인도, 보도 siege: 포위, 을 포위하다, 의 포의를 풀다, 줄기차게 공격하다, 오랜 기간, 포위 공격 sift: 체질하다, 새어들다, 체를 빠져 떨어지다, 정사하다, 받다, 선별하다, 엄밀히 조사하다, 을 엄밀히 조사하다, 체로 치다, 뿌리다 sigh: 한숨, 탄식, 을 슬퍼하다, 한숨쉬며 말하다, 그리워하다, 살랑거리다, 슬퍼하다, 한숨 쉬다, 한숨 지으며 말하다, 한숨 짓듯

The Jungle 산들거리다, 사모하다 sighted: 눈이 보이는, 시의 signaling: 신호 signify: 의미하다, 중대하다, 예시하다, 나타내다, 중요하다, 의 전조가 되다 silently: 잠자코, 조용히, 아무 말 않고, 묵묵히, 고요하게 silesia: 실레지아직, 실레지아 silk-stocking: 부유한, 상류 계급의 silvery: 은빛의, 은과 같은, 은을 함유한, 은 같은, 은의, 은방울을 굴리는 듯한 similarity: 유사, 비슷함, 상사 sincere: 성실한, 진실의 singlehanded: 한손의, 단독의 singular: 단수, 단 하나의, 단수의, 현저한, 각각의 단수의, 보통이 아닌 단수, 멋진, 이상한, 개개의, 훌륭한, 단수형 sinister: 불길한, 왼쪽의, 사악한, 불행한, 방패의 왼쪽의, 부정직한, 음험한, 악의가 있는 sinking: 가라앉음, 내려앉는, 쇠약 가라앉는, 쇠퇴하는, 가라앉는 sioux: 수족, 의 sitter: 착석자, 모델, 앉아 있는 엽조, 알을 품고 있는 새, 초상화를 그리도록앉는 사람, 쉽사리 맞힐 수 있는 사격 목표, 앉아있는 엽조, 둥지에든새, 수월한 일, 애를 봐주는 사람 sizing: 솎기, 아교물바르기, 배급정량, 크기대로 가르기 sizzling: 지글지글 소리내는, 몹시 뜨거운 skating: 스케이트, 얼음지치기의, 얼음지치기 skeleton: 해골, 골격, 골자, 뼈대, 해골의, 여윈, 여윈 사람, 줄기, 최소한도의, 조직 skeptical: 회의적인 skeptically: 믿지않아, 의심많아, 회의적으로 skim: 스쳐 지나가다, 로 덮이다, 미끄러져 나가다, 대충 훑어 읽다, 떠내다, 그물, 의 노른자위를 빼내다, 그물 국자, 엷은 층으로 덮다, 웃더껑이, 웃더껑이의 제거 skip: 빠뜨리다, 급히 떠나다, 거르다, 뛰어다니다, 가볍게 뛰다, 도약, 뛰놀다, 뛰다, 건너뜀, 건너 뛰다, 스쳐가다 skull: 두개골, 머리, 두뇌, 머리를 때리다, 일류 인물 slack: 느린, 늦추다, 늘어진, 침체된, 분탄, 느즈러진 곳, 느즈러진, 느슨한, 좋지 못한, 약해지다, 슬랙스 slam: 혹평하다, 쾅, 전승하다, 쿵,

혹평, 내동댕이치다, 털썩 내려놓다, 세차게 밀어 붙이다, 세차게 밟다, 전승, 교도소 slander: 중상하다, 비훼하다, 중상, 구두 명예 훼손 slang: 속어, 속어를쓰다, 속어를 쓰다, 속어의, 술어, 통용어 slapping: 무척 빠른, 크고 훌륭한 훌륭하게, 굉장한, 몹시 빠른, 큼직한 slaughter: 학살, 도살, 학살하다, 완패, 도살하다, 대학살, 대승리를 거두다 slaughterhouse: 도살장, 수라장 slav: 슬라브인, 슬라브어의, 슬라브말의, 슬라브족의, 슬라브 사람 slave: 노예, 뼈빠지게 일하다, 노예의, 노예처럼 시키다, 노예처럼 일하는 사람, 노예처럼 일하다, 노예개미, 종속 장치로서 작동시키다, 노예같이 일하는 사람, 사로빠진 사람, 종속 장치 slavery: 노예 제도, 고역, 중노동, 노예의 신분, 예속, 노예의 신세, 포로, 천한 일, 군침 투성이의, 군침 흘리는 slavic: 슬라브 민족의, 슬라브어, 슬라브족의, 슬라브인의, 슬라브 말의 sledge: 썰매로 가다, 썰매로 운반하다, 썰매를 타다, 썰매, 큰 망치, 작은 썰매, 큰 쇠망치, 큰 쇠망치로 치다, 큰 해머 sledgehammer: 큰 쇠망치, 강력한, 큰 메, 모루채, 큰 쇠망치로 치다, 큰 해머 sleek: 매끄럽게 하다, 매만지다, 말솜씨가 번드르르한, 함함한, 단정히 하다, 단정한, 야드르르하고 부드러운, 매끄러운, 말주변이 좋은, 몸맵시를 가다듬다, 산뜻한 sleeper: 자는 사람, 침대차, 침목, 뜻밖에 성공하는 사람, 예상 외로 성공한 것, 잠옷, 슬리퍼 에이전트, 야경, 예상 외로 성공한 사람 sleepily: 졸린, 졸음이 오는 듯한 sleepy: 졸음이 오는 듯한, 졸린, 너무 익어 속이 썩기 시작한, 잠자는 듯한, 졸리는 sleety: 진눈깨비의, 진눈깨비가 오는, 진눈깨비 같은 sleeve: 소매, 을 몰래 준비하다, 소매를 달다, 소매자락, 슬리브관, 커버 sleeveless: 소매 없는 sliding: 변화하는, 미끄러지는, 미끄러져 움직이는 slimy: 더러운, 끈적끈적한, 흙투성이인, 질척질척한,

Upton Sinclair 굽실굽실하는, 진흙투성이의, 불쾌한 slingshot: 새총, 투석기, 고무총 slink: 살금살금 걷다, 가만히 도망치다, 조산하다, 간들간들 걷다, 달 차지 못한 새끼, 달이 차지 못한, 살금살금 도망가다, 유산하다 slippered: 슬리퍼를 신은, 편히 쉬는 slippery: 불안정한, 미끄러운, 믿을 수 없는, 속임수의, 뻔뻔스러운, 의미가 선명하지 않은, 잡을 데가 없는 slit: 틈, 길게 벤자리, 긴 구멍, 긴 짬, 길다랗게 베인 상처, 째어 발기다, 가느다랗게 찢다, 가느다랗게 찢어지다, 가느다랗게 쪼개다, 가느다랗게 째다, 가느다랗게 베어지다 slovak: 슬로바키아 사람, 슬로바키아 사람의, 슬로바키아 말, 슬로바키아 말의 slugger: 강타자 sluggish: 느린, 게으름 피우는, 불경기인, 활발치 못한, 게으른, 기능이 둔한, 부진한 slum: 빈민굴, 뒷거리, 불결한 장소, 빈민굴을 방문하다, 이광 slump: 슬럼프, 폭락, 부진, 쿵 떨어짐, 쿵 떨어지다, 폭락하다, 좋지 못한 평, 불황, 구부정해지다, 갑자기 시들해지다, 갑자기 쇠퇴하다 slush: 뇌물, 윤활유, 위조지폐, 진창, 푸념, 질벅한 길, 음식, 윤활제, 시멘트로 메우다, 깊이 없는 감상적인 이야기, 녹기 시작한 눈 smash: 분쇄, 스매시, 실패, 충돌, 대성공, 박살내다, 대만원, 대패, 맹렬하게 내리치다, 맹렬히 나아가다, 파산하다 smashing: 맹렬한, 굉장한, 분쇄하는 smelt: 용해하다, 제련하다, 빙어, 빙어 무리의 식용어 smite: 괴롭히다, 치밀다, 죽이다, 매혹하다, 덮치다, 때리다, 강타하다, 시도, 강타, 때림, 세게 때리다 smitten: 깊이 감동된, 세게 맞은 smoked: 훈제의, 유연으로 그을린, 그을린, 훈제한 smoky: 연기나는, 거무칙칙한, 그을은, 매운, 연기와 같은, 검은 연기투성이의, 침침한, 연기색의 smolder: 연기 나다, 그을다, 울적하다, 울적, 내피움, 그을려서 검게 하다, 내는 불 smooth-spoken: 구변이 좋은, 감언이설의 smooth-tongued: 감언이설의, 구변이 좋은 smother: 묵살하다, 찜으로 하다, 자욱한 연기, 야단법석, 쉬쉬하다,

퍼붓다, 묻다, 대혼란, 눌러 참다, 끄다, 질식 시키다 smug: 공부벌레, 혼자 우쭐대는, 말쑥한, 잘난 체하는, 산뜻한, 공부밖에 모르는 학생 snake: 뱀, 뒤틀다, 꿈틀거리다, 꿈틀꿈틀 움직이다, 음흉한 사람, 잡아 끌다, 말 살며시 가벼리다, 말 없이 가벼리다, 묶다, 뱀 같은 인간, 와이어로 하수관을 청소하다 snare: 향현, 덫, 유혹하다 snarl: 으르렁거림, 혼란, 으르렁거리다, 고함, 호통치다, 소리지르며 말하다, 엉클어짐, 고함치다, 욕설, 혼란하게 하다, 딱딱거리다 sneak: 고자질꾼, 고자질하다, 비겁한 사람, 후무리다, 슬그머니 움직이다, 몰래 움직이다, 훔치다, 남몰래 하는, 고자질하는 학생, 굽실굽실하다, 남몰래 빠져 나감 sniff: 콧방귀 뀌다, 킁킁 냄새맡다, 의 냄새를 맡다, 코를 킁킁거리다, 코로 들이쉬다, 낌새채다, 코방귀 뀜, 코방귀를 뀌며 말하다, 킁킁거리며 냄새 맡음, 혐의를 두다, 코방귀 뀌다 snobbishness: 속물근성 snooze: 빈둥거리며 시간을 보내다, 선잠, 겉잠, 졸다, 빈들빈들 보내다 snore: 코를 골다, 코골기, 코골며 보내다 snowball: 눈뭉치, 불두화나무, 차례차례 권유시키는 모금, 백발의 흑인, 점점 커지다, 에 눈덩이를 집어던지다, 스노볼, 까마귀밤나무의 꽃, 눈덩이 식으로 늘리다, 눈덩이식 모금, 눈싸움을 하다 snowdrift: 휘몰아쳐 쌓인 눈 snowstorm: 눈보라, 눈보라 같은 것 snow-white: 눈빛 soaked: 스며든, 흠뻑젖은 so-and-so: 여차여차, 이러저러, 나쁜 놈, 아무개 sob: 눈물을 자아내는, 흐느끼다, 흐느끼는 듯한 소리를 내다, 훌쩍이는 울음, 훌쩍이면서 이야기하다, 흐느낌, 흐느껴 울다, 흐느끼며 말하다, 숨을 가쁘게 쉬다, 숨을 헐떡이다, 개새끼 sobbing: 흐느껴 우는 sober: 수수한, 술이 깨다, 냉정한, 취하지않은, 진지한, 분별 있는, 맑은 정신의, 마음이 가라앉다, 마음을 가라앉히다, 과장 없는, 침착해지다 sociable: 사교적인, 친목회, 붙임성 있는, 사귀기 쉬운, 사교를 좋아하는, 친목의, 사륜 마차의 일종, 사교에 능한, 간친회 soda: 소다, 소다수, 탄산수,

427 크림소다, 소다의 sodden: 설구워진, 술에 젖은, 잠그다, 얼빠진, 잠기다, 물기를 빨아들여 무거운, 흠뻑 젖은, 술에 젖게 하다, 무표정한, 말랑말랑 해지다, 적시다 solace: 위안, 위안물, 위로, 위안을 얻다, 덜어주다, 위안이 되는 것, 위안하다, 위로하다 solemn: 엄숙한, 정식의, 격식 차린, 신성한, 종교 상의, 진지한, 심각한 표정의, 종교상의, 중대한 solemnity: 의식, 장엄, 엄숙, 점잔뺌, 정식, 점잔 뺌 solicitous: 걱정하는, 열심인, 열망하는 solitary: 고독한, 혼자의, 외로운, 단독의, 혼자사는 사람, 혼자 사는 사람, 유일한, 분리된, 인적이 없는 somber: 어둠침침한, 우울한, 음침한, 거무스름한, 침울한, 거무칙칙한 somberly: 어두컴컴하게, 칙칙하게, 우울하게, 음침하게 son-in-law: 사위 soot: 그을음, 검댕, 그을음투성이로 하다 soothe: 달래다, 완화시키다, 가라앉히다, 위로하다, 진정시키다, 만족시키다 sordid: 더러운, 야비한, 욕심 많은, 칙칙한 sore: 상처, 아픈, 언짢은 추억, 지독한, 성마른, 슬픈, 아프게, 얼얼한, 비통, 힘차게, 진무른데 sorely: 슬픈, 따끔 따끔 쑤시는, 고통을일으키는, 상처, 성난, 비통, 힘사게, 아프게, 진무른데, 지독한, 격심한 sorrow: 불행, 슬픔, 고난, 슬픈, 슬퍼보이는, 아쉬움, 슬퍼하다, 후회, 고생 sorrowfully: 슬픈, 애처로운, 슬퍼보이는, 가슴아픈 sounding: 수심, 과장된, 측연선으로 잴 수 있는곳, 거창하게 들리는, 소리를 내는, 울려 퍼지는, 측심, 조사, 측연이 미치는 측정 범위, 수심 측량, 소리나는 soundly: 충분히, 건전한, 확실한, 합리적인, 철저한, 강하지않은, 안전한, 건전하게 sour: 신 것, 신, 사워, 까다로운, 시게하다, 지르릉하게 하다, 찌무룩한, 시큼한, 산패한, 발효한, 냉습한 soused: 소금에 절인 sovereign: 주권자, 최고의, 최상의, 주권이 있는, 자주의, 군주, 독립의, 독립국, 영국의 옛날의 일파운드

428 금화, 영국의 옛1파운드 금화, 특효가 있는 sow: 암퇘지, 뿌리다, 에 씨를 뿌리다, 퍼뜨리다, 흩 뿌리다, 씨를 뿌리다, 의 원인을 뿌리다, 선철이 흐르는 길, 의 씨를 뿌리다, 쥐며느리, 원인을 뿌리다 sparing: 인색한, 검약하는, 아끼는, 아끼며 사용하는 spark: 불꽃, 구애하다, 의 도화선이 되다, 생기, 스파크, 불똥, 활기을 주다, 정부, 점화 장치, 연인, 색골 sparkling: 반짝이는, 번득이는, 거품이 이는, 불꽃을 튀기는 spasm: 경련, 발작 specialized: 분화된, 전문의 spectacle: 구경거리, 안경, 광경, 장관, 보기에 도 지겨운 것, 타자의 재차의 무득점, 보기에 도 딱한 것 spectacles: 안경 specter: 유령, 스펙트럼의, 유령의 speculate: 추측하다, 사색하다, 투기를 하다, 의 부기를 하다, 투기하다 speculative: 사색적인, 위험을 내포한, 순이론적인, 투기의, 투기적인, 위험한 speculator: 사색가, 암표상, 투기자, 입장권 매점자, 투기꾼 speeding: 속도위반, 속도를 위반한, 고속으로 움직이는, 고속 진행 spellbound: 홀린, 주문에 걸린, 주문에 얽매인 spice: 방향을 곁들이다, 조미료, 향신료, 기미, 향신료를 넣다, 흥취를 더하다, 양념 spider: 삼발이, 프라이팬, 거미, 거미같은, 아주 가느다란 spit: 뱉다, 내뱉듯이 말하다, 곶, 한두 송이씩 흩날리다, 꿰찌르다, 돌출한 모래톱, 후두두 후두두 내리다, 성나서 그렁거림, 성나서 그르렁거리다, 제거품, 굽는 꼬챙이 spite: 악의, 원한, 앙심으로, 에 짓궂게 굴다, 을 돌보지 않고, 에도 불구하고, 짓궂게 굴다, 앙갚음하다 splash: 튀다, 튀기다, 튀김, 철벅철벅, 첨벙, 반점, 흩뿌린 것 같은 무늬로 하다, 큰호평을 얻다, 소량의 소다수, 풍덩 떨어지다, 튄물 splitting: 포복절도할, 머리가 쪼개질 것 같은, 쪼개지는, 신속한, 파편, 우습기 짝이 없는, 나는듯한, 귀청이 터질것 같은, 재빠른, 나는 듯한 spoil: 관직, 망치다, 이권, 약탈하다, 발굴물, 약탈품, 아이를 응석받이로 키우다, 못쓰게 되다, 손상케하다, 상하다, 약탈 sponge: 해면, 해면으로 닦다, 식객,

The Jungle 술고래, 해면 모양의 물건, 해면에 흡수시키다, 해면을 따다, 흡수하다, 스펀지, 패배를 자인하다, 등치다 sporting: 모험적인, 정정당당한, 스포츠맨다운, 스포츠용의, 스포츠를 좋아하는, 운동을 즐기는, 사냥을 즐기는, 스포츠, 경기용의, 운동용의, 운동가다운 sporty: 운동가다운, 화려한, 발랄한, 스포티한, 태도가 괄괄한, 멋진, 민첩한 spotless: 결백한, 얼룩이 없는, 오점이 없는, 티 없는, 흠 없는 spout: 내뿜다, 주둥이, 전당잡히다, 전당포, 분출, 회오리, 도도히 말하다, 물기둥전당물 발송 승강기, 분류, 꼭지, 분수 sprain: 삠, 삐다 sprawling: 불규칙하게 넓어지는, 아무렇게 휘갈긴, 팔다리를 흉하게 쭉 뻗은, 기어가는 듯한, 불규칙하게 뻗는 spray: 물보라, 분무기, 작은 가지, 흡입기, 안개를 뿜다, 물보라를 일으키다, 산탄을 퍼붓다, 가지 무늬, 퍼붓다, 가지 모양의 무늬, 가지 모양의 장식 spree: 흥청거림, 술잔치, 법석댐, 주연, 흥겹게 법석댐, 타격전, 흥청거리다 springing: 도약운동, 스프링 springtime: 봄, 청춘, 초기 sprinkling: 살포, 흩뿌리기, 소량, 잠깐 동안의 흩뿌림, 후두두내림, 소수, 살수, 드문드문, 부슬부슬 내림, 후두두 내림 spur: 박차, 격려하다, 며느리발톱, 돌출부, 격려, 박차를 가하다, 아이젠, 짧은 가지, 자극, 지선, 박차를 달다 sputter: 탁탁 튀다, 빨리 말함, 입에서 튀김, 침을 튀기다, 탁탁하는 소리, 푸푸소리를 내다, 푸푸소리나게 하다, 푸푸 소리, 튀기다, 탁탁 소리 나게 하다, 탁탁 소리 squalid: 더러운, 천한, 너저분한, 비열한, 누추한 squalor: 치사함, 더러움, 너더분함, 비열, 누추함 squarely: 정면으로, 직각으로, 공명정대하게, 네모지게, 배불리, 바로, 딱 잘라서, 단호하게, 거리낌없이, 정직하게, 정정당당히 squat: 웅크리다, 웅크리기, 펄썩 앉다, 쭈린 자세, 쭈그리다, 공유지에 무단히 거주하다, 땅딸막한, 쪼그리고 앉은, 땅에 엎드리다, 불법 점거 건조물, 쪼그려 앉히다

squatter: 땅딸막한 사람, 쪼그리고 앉는 사람, 불법 점거자, 쪼그리고 앉는 동물, 목장 차용인 squeal: 밀고하다, 비명, 끽끽 울다, 불평, 깩깩거리며 말하다, 깩깩거리다, 반대하다 squeeze: 압착하다, 압착, 밀어 넣다, 곤경, 본뜨기, 혼잡, 짜지다, 압착되다, 붐빔, 짜내다, 착취하다 squeezer: 압착기, 오른편 윗 구석에 끝수가 적힌 카드 패, 착취자 stager: 경험자, 노련한 사람, 노련가 stagger: 비틀거리다, 망설이다, 흔들리다, 엇걸림, 깜짝 놀라다, 시차방식, 어지러움, 서로 엇걸리게 배열하다, 현기, 흔들리게 하다, 주저하다 staggering: 비틀거리는, 깜짝 놀라게 하는, 망설이는 stagnant: 흐르지 않는, 활발치 못한, 괴어 있는, 불경기의, 활기 없는 staid: 침착한, 차분한, 착실한 stain: 얼룩, 오점, 더러워지다, 착색, 착색하다, 흠, 더럽히다, 손상시키다, 얼룩지다, 얼룩을 묻히다, 더럼 staircase: 계단, 사닥다리 계단 stairway: 계단, 충계 stale: 김빠진, 피곤한, 굳어진, 시시한, 신선치 않은, 케케묵은, 생기가 없는, 탁한, 신선하지 않은, 신선미가 없는, 맛이 없어지게 하다 stammer: 말을 더듬다, 더듬으며 말하다, 말 더듬기, 더듬거리며 말하다, 말더듬기 stammering: 말을 더듬는, 더듬으려 말하는 stamp: 종류, 분쇄하다, 우표를 붙이다, 타인기, 우표, 특징, 표, 스탬프, 수입 인지, 쇄석기, 도장 standin: 대역, 유리한 지위 stanza: 절, 연 starch: 녹말, 딱딱함, 정력, 전분, 활기, 풀, 전분질 음식물, 풀을 먹이다, 에 풀을 먹이다, 용기, 거북살스럽게 하다 starched: 풀을 먹인, 위엄을 부리는, 거북살스럽게 하는 stare: 응시하다, 응시, 두드러 지다, 빤히 보다, 노려보아..시키다, 시키다, 빤히 쳐다보기, 노려보아, 노려보다, 눈에 띄다 stark: 강한, 순전한, 뻣뻣해져서, 뻣뻣해진, 순전히, 진짜의, 굳어버린, 뚜렷한, 엄격한, 자연 그대로의, 전연 startled: 놀란 startling: 놀랄 만한, 기겁하게 하는 starvation: 굶주림, 아사, 박봉의 starve: 갈망하다, 굶주리다, 아사하다, 굶주리게 하다, 배고프다,

Upton Sinclair 동사시키다, 굶어 죽다, 시장기를 느끼다, 허기지게 하다 starved: 굶주린, 허기진, 굶어 죽는 stately: 위엄 있는, 장엄한 statue: 조상, 상, 초상 steal: 훔치다, 도둑질하다, 도루하다, 훔침, 횡재, 도둑질, 도루, 몰래 손에 넣다, 훔친물건, 몰래가다조용히 움직이다, 싸게 산 물건 stealing: 훔침, 도루, 훔친물건 stealthy: 몰래 한, 비밀의, 남의 눈을 피하는 steelworks: 제강소 steeped: 깊이 스며든, 액체에 담근, 뒤덮인, 둘러싸인 steer: 키를 잡다, 조언, 향하다, 나아가다, 어린수소, 충고, 조종하다, 인도하다, 에 관계하지 않다, 식육용의 불깐 소, 돌리다 stem: 생기다, 종족, 줄기, 어간, 거슬러 나아가다, 막다, 자루, 대, 저항하다, 혈통, 줄기 모양의 부분 stench: 악취, 고약한 냄새 stepdaughter: 의붓딸, 의붓 딸 stepmother: 의붓어머니, 계모, 의붓어미 sterile: 불모의, 살균한, 메마른, 균없는, 불임의, 무효의, 신용 증대나 국내 통화량증가 저지에 할당되지 않은, 중성의, 내용이 빈약한 stern: 황량한, 엄격한, 고물, 쓸쓸한, 선미, 굳은, 준엄한, 단호한, 고물 별자리, 피할 도리가 없는, 엉덩이 sternly: 엄숙하게, 단호하게, 피폐하게, 엄격하게, 엄하게 stew: 뭉근불로 끓이다, 마음 졸이다, 근심, 초조, 약한 불로 끓이다, 스튜 요리, 스튜, 매춘굴, 애타우다, 애타게 하다, 애타다 stewed: 스튜 요리로 한, 너무 진한, 억병으로 취한, 초조한, 너무진한, 약한 불로 끓인, 뭉근불로 끊인, 약한 불로 익힌 stiff: 시체, 딱딱한, 빡빡한, 독한, 강세의, 완고한, 뻣뻣한, 되게 반죽된, 딱딱한사람, 잘움직이지 않는, 경직한 팽팽한 stiffly: 뻣뻣하게, 완고하게, 완강하게, 단호하게, 딱딱하게 stifle: 억누르다, 질식시키다, 숨겨두다, 진압하다, 끄다, 숨막히게하다. 끄다, 숨막히게하다, 숨을 막다, 숨이 가쁘다 stifling: 답답한, 숨막힐 듯한, 딱딱하고 거북한, 거북살스러운, 숨막힐듯한 stillness: 침묵, 조용한 환경, 정적, 고요, 평온, 소리 없는 곳, 고, 고요함 stimulant: 자극성의, 흥분시키는,

흥분제, 자극물 stimulate: 흥분시키다, 자극이 되다, 격려하다, 취하게 하다, 자극하다, 자극시키다, 격려가 되다, 기운을 돋우다 sting: 찌르다, 찌르기, 자극하다, 속이다, 격통, 가시, 얼얼하다, 고통, 바늘이 돋치다, 엄청난 값을 부르다, 빈정거림 stink: 악취, 냄새를 맡아내다, 평판이 나쁘다, 악취를 풍겨 내쫓다, 고약한 냄새, 악취를 풍기다, 악취를 피워 내쫓다, 의 냄새를 맡다, 평이 나쁘다, 화학 stinker: 역겨운 사람, 악취를 풍기는 것, 악취를 풍기는 사람 stinking: 구린, 냄새나는, 악취를 풍기는, 불쾌할 정도로 stir: 활동, 움직이다, 움직임, 휘젓다, 뒤섞다, 흥분, 찌르기, 휘젓기, 유통하다, 흥분시키다, 활동하다 stirring: 감동시키는, 붐비는, 활발한, 활약하는 stockade: 방책, 영창, 울타리를 둘러 친곳, 울타리로 둘러치다, 말뚝의 방파제, 방책의 울, 울타리를 둘러치다, 말뚝을 둘러치다 stockholder: 주주 stocking: 스타킹, 긴 양말, 구두를 벗고, 긴양말, 다리털 stole: 여자용 어깨 걸이, 영대, 스톨, 길고 헐거운 겉옷, 주부용 외투 stomacher: 여성용 삼각형의 가슴장식 stool: 그루터기, 발판, 변소, 변보기, 밑동, 무릎받치는 궤, 걸상 비슷한 물건, 걸상, 후림새의 홰, 창 문지방, 싹이 나다 stoop: 새우등, 현과의 툇마루, 허리가 굽다, 전락하다, 굽히다, 굴종, 겸손, 구부러지다, 몸을 굽히다, 하다, 자신을 낮추어 stopping: 정지, 중지, 메우개, 구두점을 찍음, 멈추게 함, 멎는, 메워서 채움, 손가락으로 선을 누름 storeroom: 저장실, 광 stormy: 폭풍우의, 소란스러운, 날씨가 험악한, 격렬한, 폭풍우 같은 stout: 뚱뚱한, 튼튼한, 용감한, 살찐, 흑맥주, 억센, 비만형의 옷, 끄떡도 않는, 독한, 스타우트 stove: 난로, 스토브, 온실, 온실에서 재배하다, 요리용 난로, 온실에서 속상 재배하다 stow: 밀항하다, 챙겨 넣다, 가득 채우다, 집어 챙겨 넣다, 중지하다, 집어 넣다 straggling: 뿔뿔이 흩어지다, 무질서하게 나아가다, 뒤떨어지다,

429 뻗쳐 퍼지다, 산재하다, 우거지다, 낙오한 straightway: 곧, 당장에, 직접 일직선의, 즉시, 즉각, 일직선으로, 직선의, 일직선의 strawberries: 딸기 stray: 길을 잃다, 길 잃은, 길 잃은 가축, 드문, 뿔뿔이 흩어진, 일행에서 뒤처진, 방황하다, 못된 길로 빠지다, 집잃은 아이, 헤매다, 고립한 streaked: 건강을 해친, 불안한, 줄있는, 괴로워하는 streaming: 흐름, 능력별 학급 편성 streetcar: 시내전차, 전차, 시가 전차 strew: 흩뿌려 뒤덮다, 흩뿌리다, 표면에 뿌리다 stricken: 맞은, 다친, 덮친, 습격당한 stride: 쉽사리 헤어나다, 한걸음, 활보하다, 큰걸음, 큰 걸음으로 걷다, 성큼넘다, 급히 가다, 큰 걸음, 걸터 앉다, 한걸음의 폭, 걸터 서다 strikebreaker: 파업을 깨뜨릴 직공을 주선하는 사람, 파업파괴자, 동맹 파업 파괴 행위자, 동맹 파업 파괴 행위 stringy: 실의, 실 같은, 섬유질의, 힘줄이 많은, 실오리처럼 늘어지는, 끈적 끈적한, 실처럼 늘어나는 stripe: 줄무늬, 수장, 종류, 줄, 형, 채찍 자국, 특색, 줄무늬로 장식하다, 매 질, 채찍자국, 호랑이 strive: 노력하다, 싸우다, 겨루다, 애쓰다 stroll: 산책하다, 산책, 어슬렁어슬렁 거닐기, 을 어슬렁어슬렁 거닐다, 어슬렁어슬렁 거닐다, 방랑하다, 유랑하다, 한가롭게 이리저리 거닐다, 한가롭게 거닐다, 떠돌아다니다, 어슬렁어슬렁 걷기 stubble: 그루터기, 그루터기 모양의 물건, 짧게 깎은 머리 studious: 애쓰는, 열심인, 공부하는, 주의 깊은, 공부 좋아하는, 신중한, 학문에 정진하는 stuffing: 채워넣기, 짚, 여백메우는 기사, 솜, 속, 깃털, 채워 넣기 stultify: 무의미하게 하다, 어리석어 뵈게 하다, 무효가 되게 하다, 바보스럽게 보이게 하다, 망쳐버리다 stumble: 말을 더듬다, 실책, 비틀거림, 비틀거리게 하다, 망설이다, 실수, 더듬거리다, 마주치다, 헛딛어 곱드러지다, 망설이게 하다, 비틀거리다 stump: 유세하다, 의족, 그루터기, 괴롭히다, 뿌리, 의족으로 걷다, 곤경에 빠져, 꼬투리, 난처하게 하다, 도전하다, 쿵쿵 걷다

430 stunted: 성장을 방해당한, 주접든, 발달이 멎은, 발육이 멎은 stupefying: 깜짝 놀라게 하는 stupendous: 굉장한, 엄청난, 깜짝 놀랄 만한 stupidity: 어리석음, 우둔, 어리석은 언동, 어리석은 짓, 얼빠진 언동, 얼빠짐 stupor: 무감각, 혼수, 망연 sturdy: 억센, 불굴의, 완강한, 건전한, 우람스러운 stygian: 지옥의, 어두운, 하계의, 음침한, 삼도내의 subjugation: 복종, 종속, 진압 sublime: 고상하게 하다, 장엄한, 승화시키다, 고상한, 숭고, 장엄, 숭고하다, 승화하다, 고상하게 되다, 웅대한, 최고의 submerged: 극빈의, 숨겨진, 침수생의, 최저 생활을 하는, 감추어진, 물속에서 자라는, 빈궁한, 수몰된, 수중의, 액내의, 침수된 submit: 복종시키다, 제출하다, 복종하다, 공손히 아뢰다, 부탁하다 subscribe: 서명하다, 예약하다, 기부하다, 응모하다, 기부자 명부에 써넣다, 서명하여 동의 하다, 찬성하다, 구독하다, 기부명부에 기명하다, 승낙하다, 동의하다 subscription: 서명, 응모, 기부, 예약 구독료, 예약, 신청, 예약 구독, 기부의 신청, 예약 구독의 유효 기간, 서명 승낙 substitute: 대리인, 대용품, 바꾸다, 대용하다, 대리를 하다, 대체물, 대리의, 대리시키다, 대체하다, 대용어, 대용식품 suet: 소의 콩팥이나 허리 둘레의 굳기름, 소양의 지방, 양의 지방 suggestive: 암시적인, 연상시키는, 유혹적인, 암시하는, 암시의, 생각나게 하는, 유발시키는 듯한 suited: 의 슈트를 입은, 슈트를 입은, 적합하여, 어울려 sulk: 부루퉁함, 시무룩해지다, 지르퉁함, 실쭉하기, 실쭉하다 sullen: 음산한, 찌무룩한, 지르퉁한, 찌푸린 얼굴, 육중한, 실쭉한 summertime: 하계, 여름철, 한여름, 하계기 summon: 소집하다, 불러 일으키다, 요구하다, 호출하다, 에게 항복을 권고하다, 소환하다, 에 권유하다 sundown: 일몰 sunk: 침몰된, 물밑의, 움푹한 sunken: 물밑의, 움푹 들어간, 가라앉은, 내려앉은, 살이 빠진, 움푹한 sunlit: 햇볕에 쬐인, 볕이드는

The Jungle sunrise: 해돋이, 해뜰녘, 초기 sunset: 말기, 해질녘, 일몰, 저녁놀, 종말, 일물 sunshine: 햇빛, 맑은 날씨, 명랑, 양지, 쾌활 sunstroke: 일사병 superfluity: 여분, 남아 돌아가는 돈, 여분의 것 superintendent: 감독자, 관리자, 소장, 경찰 본부장, 장관, 감독 supernatural: 초자연의, 불가사의한, 초자연적인 힘, 신의 조화 suppertime: 저녁식사 시간 supposing: 이라면, 만약 suppress: 진압하다, 막다, 억누르다, 참다, 삭제하다, 발표하지 않다, 억제하다, 억압하다, 진정하다 supremacy: 주권, 지상권, 대권, 지고, 최상, 최고 surgeon: 군의관, 외과 의사, 선의 surgical: 외과의, 외과용의, 외과술의 surly: 지르퉁한, 무뚝뚝한, 까다로운, 기분이 언짢아하는, 거친 suspense: 걱정, 서스펜스, 미결정, 불안, 이도저도 아님, 정지, 미결 suspiciously: 수상쩍게, 의심쩍게, 의심많게, 의심스럽게 swag: 장물 약탈, 부정 이득, 약탈품, 꽃잎 장식, 방랑자가 휴대하는 짐 보따리, 일상 용품을 휴대하고 방랑하다 swarm: 떼짓다, 무리, 군중, 떼지어 분봉하다, 떼, 다수, 꿀벌떼, 기어 오르다, 부유 세포군, 분봉하다, 벌 떼 sway: 흔들다, 동요, 지배하다, 좌우하다, 지배, 의 결의를 움직이다, 흔들리다, 좌우 하는 힘, 자유로이 하는 힘, 의 의견을 움직이다 swear: 맹세하다, 저주, 선서시키다, 선서하다, 단언하다, 벌받을 소리를 하다, 서약하다, 욕, 욕지거리하다, 한 상태로 하다, 맹세코 swearing: 서약, 욕을 퍼붓기 sweat: 땀, 고역, 혹사하다, 걱정하여, 땀 흘려 일하다, 열심히 일하여, 고문하다, 땀으로 적시다, 땀을 흘리게 하다, 땀을 흘리다, 물기 swede: 스웨덴 사람, 스웨덴 인, 황색의 큰 순무의 일종 sweep: 옷자락을 끌며 걷다, 털다, 청소하다, 엄습하다, 길고 큰 노, 굴뚝 청소부, 타다, 만곡, 먼지, 한 번 휘두르기, 청소 sweeping: 청소, 일소하는, 일소, 파죽지세, 전반에 걸친, 불어제침, 밀어내림, 먼지, 대대적인, 쓰레기, 소탕 sweetly: 상냥하게, 달게, 귀엽게,

향기롭게, 기분 좋게, 기분좋게, 잘 들어, 아름답게 sweetness: 아름다움, 친절, 방향, 단맛, 유쾌, 감미로움, 신선, 부드러움, 단 맛, 신선함, 사랑스러움 swell: 멋쟁이, 부풀다, 멋진, 달인, 붇다, 증대, 명사, 훌륭한, 맵시 있는, 늘다, 높이다 swelling: 팽창, 기복, 종기, 부푼, 증대 융기한, 증대, 융기한, 팽윤 sweltering: 무더운, 찌는 듯한, 찌는듯이 더운, 더위에 지친 swift: 즉석의, 빠른, 칼새, 하기 쉬운, 빨리, 순식간의, 스위프트, 잽싸게, 동작이 빠른 사람, 동작이 빠른 것 swiftly: 빨리, 신속히, 즉시, 즉석에서 swim: 헤엄치다, 물고기의 부레, 수영, 띄우다, 미끄러지다, 뜨다, 넘치다, 헤엄치는 시간, 헤엄, 헤엄치게 하다, 현기증이 나다 swindle: 사취, 사기, 사취하다, 속이다, 사기하다, 속여 빼앗다 swine: 돼지, 야비한 사람, 비열한 놈 swinging: 경쾌한, 흔들리는, 활발한, 활개젓는, 진동하는, 음률적이고 생동하는, 유행의 첨단을 가는, 성적으로 자유분방한, 기운찬, 앞뒤로 흔들림, 앞뒤로 흔들리는 swollen: 부푼, 물이 불은, 과장된 sworn: 맹세한, 선서한 swung: 흔들거리는, 물결 모양의 sympathetically: 동정하여, 찬성하여, 호의적으로, 가엾이 여겨, 교감하여 syndicate: 신디케이트, 신문 잡지 연맹, 평의원단, 신문잡지 연맹을 통하여 발표하다, 기업연합, 신디케이트를 만들다, 신디케이트를 조직하다, 신디케이트 조직으로 하다, 범죄단, 이사회, 신문 잡지 연맹을 통하여 배급하다 systematically: 정연하게, 조직적으로, 계획적으로 tacit: 암묵의, 무언의, 침묵의, 양해 등의, 말로 나타내지 않은, 묵시의 tack: 음식물, 압정, 방침, 시침질, 못, 돛의 위치에 따르는 배 진로의 방향, 돛 위치에 따르는 배 진로의 방향, 돛 위치 변경에 의한 방향 전환, 지그재그 항정, 지그재그로 나감, 가봉 tailor: 재봉사, 양복점을 경영하다, 짓다, 양복장이, 옷이 날개, 양복을 짓다, 맞추어 만들다, 재단사 tails: 뒷면이 나온, 뒷면이 나와서 taker: 잡는 사람, 내기에 응하는 사람, 조차자, 마시는 사람 talc: 곱돌, 운모, 활석, 탤컴 파우더, 활석으로 문지르다, 활석 가루

Upton Sinclair tallow: 짐승 기름, 수지 양초, 수지가 생기다, 수지를 바르다, 살찌게 하다, 수지, 짐승기름 tallyho: 대형 4두마차 tangle: 엉키다, 빠지다, 얽히다, 빠뜨리다, 얽히게 하다, 싸우다, 분규가 일어나다, 분규를 일으키다, 올가미에 걸리게 하다, 얽힘, 싸움 tangled: 얽힌, 혼란을 일으킨, 분규의 tankage: 탱크 사용료, 탱크 저장, 탱크 찌기, 탱크 설비 tanned: 무두질한, 햇볏에 탄 taps: 소등 나팔, 영결 나팔 tardy: 더딘, 느린, 늦은, 지각, 내키지 않는, 지각한 tariff: 요금표, 관세표, 관세, 요금, 운임, 의 요금을 정하다, 관세를 부과하다, 운임표 teamster: 트럭 운전기사, 두목, 왕초, 한데 맨 짐승떼를 부리는 사람, 한데 맨 짐승을 부리는 사람, 트럭 운전사 tear: 눈물, 쥐어뜯다, 찢다, 분열시키다, 비애, 할퀴다, 질주하다, 잡아뜯다, 미친듯이 날뛰다, 괴롭히다, 돌진하다 tearful: 슬픈, 눈물어린, 눈물을 자아내는, 눈물이 헤픈, 곧잘 우는, 눈물 어린 tearing: 찢는, 괴로운, 냅다, 미친듯이, 사납게 날뛰는, 잡아뜯는, 맹렬이, 쥐어 뜯는, 쥐어뜯는 듯한, 맹렬한, 맹렬히 teens: 열대의 소년 소녀, 열대 telegram: 전보 telegraph: 전신, 타전하다, 통신, 전신기, 전보로 부치다, 신호하다, 속보 게시판, 돈 등을 부치다, 넌지시 알리다, 전보를 치다 temper: 기분, 기질, 침착, 평정, 굳기, 되불림, 알맞은 조합정도, 적당한 정도, 반죽하다, 부드러워지다, 되불리다 temperament: 기질, 평균율, 성미, 격정, 체질, 격한 성미 tempest: 대소동, 사나운비바람, 폭풍우, 대폭풍우, 대폭설, 몹시 사나워지게 하다 tempt: 유혹하다, 무릅쓰다, 시도하다, 성나게 하다, 꾀다, 당기게 하다, 할 생각이 나게 하다, 시험하다 tenderly: 상냥하게, 예민하게, 상하기 쉽게, 유약하게 tenderness: 유연함, 마음이 무름, 민감, 애정, 유연, 친절, 다정 tendon: 건 tenement: 차지, 가옥, 보유물, 차가, 자유 보유권, 자유 보유 부동산 권, 보유 재산, 아파트 tenpins: 십주희, 십주희용 기둥,

텐핀즈 tense: 팽팽한, 긴장한, 긴장시키다, 시제, 팽팽하게 하다, 팽팽해지다, 부자연스러운 tenth: 운량 단위 기수, 열번째로, 열번째의 것, 열번째의 사람, 제 10, 제십, 제십의 terrified: 겁먹은, 무서워하는, 겁에 질린 terrify: 겁나게하다, 겁나게 하다, 무섭게 하다 terrifying: 겁나게 하는, 무서운, 놀라게 하는 testify: 증명하다, 확언하다, 증인이 되다, 증언하다, 입증하다, 공언하다, 의 증거가 되다 testimonial: 증명서, 기념품, 표창장, 사례, 감사의, 감사장, 증명서의, 증명의, 표창의 texas: 미국 남서부의 주 thankfulness: 감사하는 마음, 감사 thanksgiving: 사은, 감사, 추수감사절, 추수 감사절, 하느님에 대한 감사 thaw: 해동, 녹다, 누그러지다, 날씨가 풀리다, 눈이녹음, 차차 녹다, 풀리다, 녹이다, 풀리게 하다, 눅이다, 따뜻하게 하다 theater: 극장, 연극계, 수술교실, 극, 활무대, 강당, 극작품, 관객, 연극 theirs: 그들의 것 thence: 그때부터, 그러므로, 거기서부터, 그런고로, 그곳에서부터 thereon: 그 위에, 그 즉시, 그 후 즉시 thermometer: 온도계, 체온계, 한란계 thickening: 풀먹임, 농후제, 농화, 두껍게하기, 두꺼워짐, 농밀화, 굵게 함, 농후재료, 두껍게 됨, 두껍게 함, 굵게 됨 thief: 도둑 thieves: 도둑 thinner: 희석제, 얇게 하는 사람희석제제초하는사람, 용제, 얇게 하는 사람, 희석액, 얇게 하는 것, 가지 치는 사람, 제초하는 사람 thirst: 갈증, 갈망, 갈망하다, 목마름, 한잔 마시고 싶다, 목마르다 thirsty: 술을 좋아하는, 목마른, 갈망하는, 건조한, 목마르게 하는, 열망하는, 물기 없는 thither: 저기에, 저쪽에, 저쪽의, 저쪽으로 thou: 너는, 네가, 달러, 당신은, 천개, 파운드 thraldom: 노예의 신분, 속박, 노역, 노예의 상태 thrashing: 타작, 탈곡, 도리깨질, 대패, 채찍질

431 threadbare: 진부한, 누더기를 걸친, 해어져서 실이 드러난, 케케 묵은, 입어서 다 떨어진, 닳아서 올이 드러나 보이는 threaten: 위협하다, 할 듯하다, 닥치고 있다, 의 우려가 있다, 할 우려가 있다, 협박하다, 임박하다 threescore: 육십, 육십의 threshold: 문지방, 역, 문간, 시초, 입구, 출발점, 발단, 역역 thrice: 매우, 세번, 세 번, 몇 번이고 thrill: 스릴, 전율, 떨리다, 오싹하다, 몸떨림, 스릴러, 오싹하는 느낌, 몸에 사무치다, 감동시키다, 스릴물, 떨림 thrilling: 오싹하게 하는, 스릴 만점의, 감격적인, 소름이 끼치는, 떨리는, 장렬한, 두근두근하게 하는, 자릿자릿하게 하는 throb: 동계, 떨리다, 고동, 떨림, 뛰다, 두근거리다, 감동, 고동치다, 욱식욱신 쑤시다, 율동적으로 뛰다, 진동 throbbing: 두근거리는 throng: 군중, 쇄도하다, 혼잡, 모여들다, 중압, 에 모여들다, 많은 것의 집합, 떼를 지어 모이다, 가득 메우다 throttle: 목을 조르다, 죄다, 억압하다, 질식시키다, 감속시키다, 목, 누르다, 절기하다, 조절판, 목구멍 thud: 꽝, 털썩, 털썩 떨어지다, 쿵 하고 치다, 추락, 쿵 thumb: 엄지손가락, 마리화나 담배, 빨리 넘기다, 서투르게 다루다, 손가락으로 넘겨서 더럽히다, 엄지손가락으로 넘기다, 엄지손가락으로 만지다, 엄지손가락으로 책장을 넘기며 읽다, 엄지손가락을 세워서 부탁하다, 엄지손가락을 편승을 부탁하다, 편승을 부탁하다 thumbscrew: 나비나사, 엄지손가락을 죄는 형틀 thump: 심하게 때리다, 두근 거리다, 탁 부딪치다, 탁하고 떨어지다, 강력히 변호하다, 강력히 선전하다, 강력히 지지하다, 두근거리다, 쿵쿵거리며 걷다, 때림, 탁하고 치다 thumping: 거대한, 엄청나게, 터무니 없는, 놀랄만한, 탁 치는, 쾅 치는, 거대하게 thunder: 위협, 우레, 천둥, 비난, 호통, 장기를 가로채다, 요란한 울림, 천둥치다, 위협하다, 호통치다, 요란한 소리를 내다 thunderbolt: 벼락, 청천 병력, 뇌전, 성미가 벼락 같은 사람, 번개 thundering: 엄청나게, 터무니없는,

432 우뢰같이 울리는, 우뢰같은, 터무니없이, 매우, 뇌성같이 울리는, 뇌성 같은, 거대한, 우뢰 같은 thunderstorm: 천둥치는 폭풍우, 뇌우 tickle: 간질이다, 가볍게 대다, 즐겁게 하다, 재미나게하다, 손으로 잡다, 간질이기, 간질거리다, 간지러움, 간지럽다, 간질간질하다, 간지럼 tidbit: 재미있는 이야기, 맛있는 가벼운 음식, 한입, 재미있는 뉴스, 토막 뉴스, 한 입 tidings: 소식, 통지, 사건, 기별 tiger: 범, 호랑이, 강적, 포악한 사람, 최저의 수, 호랑이 잔인한 남자, 호랑이 같은 남자, 호랑이 사나운 남자, 만세 삼창 후에 붙이는 tilt: 경사, 기울기, 포장, 기울다, 기울이다, 상하로 움직이다, 마상 창 시합을 하다, 찌르다, 찌르기, 공격하다, 마상 창 시합 timekeeper: 시계, 계시기, 박자를 맞추는 사람, 작업 시간계 timidly: 소심하게, 겁많게, 마음이 약해서 tinned: 주석을 입힌, 통조림의, 주석 도금을 한, 통조림한 tiptoe: 발끝, 살그머니, 발끝으로, 열심히, 발끝으로 걷다, 살그머니 하는, 주의 깊은, 크게 기대하고 있는, 발끝으로 서 있는, 발끝으로 선, 발끝으로 걷는 tire: 타이어, 지치다, 피로하게하다, 넌더리나게 하다, 머리 장식, 싫증나게 하다, 장식을 하다, 지겹게 하다, 타이어를 달다, 피곤해지다, 싫증 나다 tirelessly: 피로를 모르고, 정력적으로, 꾸준히 titter: 킥킥웃음, 킥킥 거리다, 킥킥 웃다, 킥킥 웃음 toady: 아첨쟁이, 아첨하다 toast: 축배, 축배를 들다, 토스트, 토스트하다, 불로 따뜻이 하다, 축사, 굽다, 축배를 받는 사람, 노르스름하게 구워지다, 건배를 받는 사람, 건배하다 toboggan: 바닥이 판판한 썰매, 폭락하다, 터보건, 급락하다, 터보건으로 미끄러져 내리다 toil: 수고, 힘드는일, 그물, 수고하다, 올가미, 고생, 노고, 애써 나아가다, 짐승 잡는 그물, 힘써 일하다, 을 애써 이룩하다 toils: 짐승을 잡는 그물 tolerable: 참을수 있는, 상당한, 참을 수 있는, 웬만한, 꽤 건강한 tolerate: 참다, 견디다, 관대히

The Jungle 다루다, 묵인하다, 내성이 있다, 관대하게 다루다 tolstoy: 톨스토이 tomato: 토마토, 토마토 색, 매력적인 여자 tomb: 무덤, 매장하다, 묘비, 죽음 tommy: 영국 병정, 공장 안의 매점, 나사 돌리개, 남자 이름의 애칭, 병사 양식용 검은 빵, 영국 육군 병사, 현물 지급 임금제 공장 ton: 톤, 다량, 다수, 대중량, 총톤, 용적 톤, 유행 toot: 뚜우뚜우, 변소, 불다, 술잔치, 울다, 울어대다, 코카인, 코카인의 흡입, 피리 등을 불다, 흡입하다, 나팔 등을 불다 toothbrush: 칫솔 toothless: 두한, 이없는, 효과이 없는 top-heavy: 머리가 큰, 자본이 과대한 topographical: 의 예술적 표현의, 지지의, 지지적인, 지형상의, 지형학의, 국소 해부의 topple: 흔들리게 하다, 쓰러뜨리다, 쓰러지다, 흔들거리다, 근들거리게 하다, 넘어질 듯 근들거리다 tops: 최상의 torchlight: 횃불빛, 횃불의, 횃불의 빛 torment: 고통, 괴롭히다, 못살게 굴다, 나무라다, 그원인, 고민, 괴롭힘, 곤란하게 하다, 고문대 torrent: 연발, 분류, 억수같이 쏟아짐, 억수, 급류 torture: 고문, 곡해하다, 고통, 을 고문하다, 몹시 괴롭히다, 억지로 갖다 붙이다, 억지로 비틀다, 억지로 꼬부리다, 고문하다, 괴롭히다, 심한 고통 toss: 단숨에 들이켜다, 던지다, 흥분, 돈던지기를 하여 결정짓다, 아래위로 몹시 흔들다번롱하다, 상하의 동요, 낙마, 높이 쳐 올리다, 손쉽게 해 치우다, 던져올리다, 던지기 tossing: 야당, 변명, 아웃, 탈락, 외부, 수비측 touching: 감동시키는, 애처로운, 에 관하여, 에 관해서, 감동적인 towering: 높이 솟은, 격렬한, 큰 원대한, 위대한, 큰, 높이 치솟은 tracing: 추적, 투사, 자동 기록 장치의 기록, 복사, 자취를 밟음, 자기 기록계의 기록, 트레이싱, 자취를 찾음 tract: 소책자, 팜플렛, 지역, 관, 넓이, 기간, 계통, 넓은 땅, 소논문, 다발, 넓은 면적 tractable: 세공하기 쉬운, 유순한, 다루기 쉬운, 취급하기 쉬운 tradesman: 소매상인, 장인, 소매

상인, 배달인 tradespeople: 상인, 소매상 tragic: 비참한, 비극의, 비극적인, 비극적 요소 tragical: 비극적으로, 비참하게, 비참한 trail: 기다, 오솔길, 질질 끌리다, 질질 끌다, 점점 사라지다, 자국, 길게 이야기하다, 의 뒤를 쫓다, 늘어지다, 밟아서 길을 내다, 발을 끌며 걷다 tramp: 매춘부, 부정기 화물선, 터벅터벅 걷다, 방랑자, 방랑하다, 도보 여행하다, 쿵쿵걷다, 짓밟다, 짖밟다, 긴 도보 여행, 무거운 발소리 trance: 꿈결, 비몽 사몽, 황홀상태, 실신, 황홀, 황홀하게 만들다 transfix: 그 자리에서 꼼짝 못하게 하다, 꿰뚫다, 고정시키다, 그 자리에 못박히게 하다, 찌르다 transient: 덧없는, 일시적인, 단기 체류의, 단기 체류객, 과도 현상, 일시적인 사람, 일시적인 사물, 잠깐 머무르는, 외부에 작용하는 transit: 통로, 통과, 운송, 횡단하다, 통행, 변천, 경과, 을 통과하다, 자오선 통과, 변화, 자오선의 translate: 번역하다, 옮기다, 해석하다, 고쳐 만들다, 이동시키다, 이동하다, 헌 재료로 만들다, 헌 옷 등을 만들다, 헌 구두 만들다, 중계하다, 병진시키다 translator: 역자, 수리인, 번역자, 자동 중계기, 통역, 번역 루틴, 자동중계기, 번역루틴 transparently: 비쳐보이게, 투명하게, 솔직하게 transpire: 일어나다, 증발하다, 새다, 배출하다, 냄새를 발산하다, 새어나오다, 스며나오게 하다, 수분을 발산하다 trash: 쓰레기, 객담, 잡동사니, 폐물, 나부랑이, 부랑자, 쓰레기를 치우다, 허튼소리, 시시한 작품 traveled: 견문이 넓은, 여행에 익숙한, 여행자가 많은, 여행자가 이용하는, 표적한, 널리 여행한 traveler: 여행자, 나그네, 이동 기중기, 순회 판매인, 하게 진행하는 것, 외판원, 여행가, 외무원, 하게 진행하는 말 등, 하게 진행하는 차 등, 하게 진행하는 것 등 traveling: 이동, 여행, 여행용의, 움직이는, 순회하는, 이동하는, 움직일 수 있는, 활주하는, 여행의, 순회 흥행, 순력 treacherous: 배반하는, 믿을 수 없는, 의지가 안되는, 반역하는, 기대에 어긋나는 tread: 밟아 뭉개다, 걷다, 짓밟다,

Upton Sinclair 밟다, 걸음걸이, 밟기, 교미하다, 가로장, 밟는 소리, 억누르다, 디딤판 treason: 반역, 배신, 반역죄 treasure: 보물, 보배, 비장하다, 명기하다, 재보, 재산을 던지다, 진중히 여기다, 귀여운 너, 금전, 명심하다 treble: 새된, 소프라노, 세 겹, 최고음부, 같은 말에 의한 세레이스 우승, 세곱하다, 삼배의, 삼배, 높은, 고음부의 악기, 고음부의 목소리 trembling: 전율하는, 떨림, 떨리는, 전율, 떨기, 전율 떠는 tremendously: 무시무시하게, 굉장히, 엄청나게, 아주 tremor: 전율, 떨림, 떨리는 목소리, 오싹오싹하는 흥분, 미동, 진전 tribute: 공물, 찬사, 선물, 감사의 말, 광부에게 주는 배당 trice: 순간, 끌어올리다, 끌어 올려서 묶다, 밧줄로 달아 올리다 trifling: 하찮은, 경박한, 시시한, 사소한, 게으른 trim: 장식하다, 정돈하다, 손질, 목조부, 균형을 잡다, 균형, 복장, 기분, 깎아 버리다, 정된, 정돈된 trimming: 손질, 패배, 정돈, 장식, 꾸지람, 깎아 다듬기, 균형 잡기, 매질 trio: 삼중창, 삼중주, 세폭 한 짝, 트리오, 셋으로 된 짝 tripe: 졸작, 반추동물의 위벽, 창자, 하찮은 것, 양, 하등품 triumphant: 의기양양한, 승리를 거둔, 의기 양양한, 승리를 얻은 trojan: 용사, 정력가, 트로이 사람, 트로이의, 근면가 trolley: 손수레, 촉륜, 광차, 무궤도 전차, 고가 이동 활차, 트롤리 trot: 자습서, 총총걸음으로 걷다, 총총걸음, 자습용 번역서, 아장아장 걷는 어린애, 속보로 달기다, 속보, 서두르며 가다, 빠른운동, 빠른 걸음으로 안내하다, 자습서로 공부하다 troubled: 난처한, 거칠은, 소란한, 교란된, 근심스러운 troublesome: 귀찮은, 골치 아픈, 다루기 힘든, 성가신, 까다로운, 말썽부리는 truant: 무단 결석하는, 농뗑이, 무단 결석하다, 농뗑이 부리다, 무단 결석자, 게으름뱅이 truce: 휴전, 중지, 휴전 협정에 의해 중지하다, 휴지, 휴전 협정, 휴전하다, 휴전에 의해 중지하다 truck: 현물 지급, 트럭, 손수레, 거래하다, 거래, 교제, 무개화차, 잡동사니, 화물자동차, 시장에 낼

야채, 물물교환 trudge: 무거운 걸음, 무겁게 터벅터벅 걷다, 터덕터덕 걷다, 터덕터덕 걸음, 터벅터벅 걷다 trunks: 트렁크스 trusting: 믿는, 사람을 의심하지 않는, 믿고있는, 남을 의심하지 않는 trustingly: 믿고, 안심하고, 안심하여, 신용하여 tubercular: 결핵성의, 결핵에 걸려있는, 결핵 환자, 결절의, 결절 모양의 tuberculosis: 결핵, 폐결핵 tuck: 걷어 올리다, 정력, 싸다, 잔뜩 멀다, 징그기, 먹을 것, 밀어넣다, 기력, 틀어박다, 말다, 과자 tucked: 가두어 넣은, 걷어 올린, 걷어지른, 비좁고 답답한, 접어 넣은, 호아 올린 tumbling: 텀블링 turbulent: 광포한, 거친, 소란 스러운, 소란스러운, 휘몰아치는 turmoil: 혼란, 소동, 소란 tussle: 격투, 격투하다 twilight: 황혼, 여명, 희미한 빛, 땅거미, 어둑새벽, 어스레하게 밝은, 여명기, 미광, 어슴푸레한 짐작, 어스름, 희미하게 비추다 twinge: 쑤시는 듯한 아픔, 쑤시듯이 아프다, 쑤시고 아프게 하다, 쑤시고 아프다, 고통 twinkle: 빤짝 빤짝 빛나다, 깜짝임, 깜빡할 사이, 빤짝임, 순간, 반짝하고 빛내다, 반짝반짝 빛나다, 반짝거림, 경쾌하게 움직이다, 경쾌한 움직임, 깜빡거림 twinkling: 경쾌한, 어른거림, 반짝반짝 빛나는, 반짝임, 번득이는, 순간, 번쩍거리는, 번드거임, 반짝거리는, 깜ㅃ가임, 깜빡임 twins: 쌍 twist: 꼰 실, 새끼, 혼합주, 꼬다, 곡해하다, 구부리다, 구부러지다, 끈, 감다, 한 번 꼬기, 기벽 twisted: 일그러진, 황홀해진, 꼬인, 술취한, 비틀어진 two-step: 투스텝을 추다, 투스텝 tyranny: 포학한 행위, 전제 정치, 포학, 폭정, 참주정치, 학대, 참주 정치, 무도한 행위 ugliness: 추함, 못생김, 보기 흉함, 추악 ulcer: 병폐, 궤양, 폐해 umbrella: 우산, 핵우산, 지상군 원호 항공대, 보호, 포괄적인, 우산의, 우산으로 보호하다, 우산으로 가리다, 양산, 상공 엄호, 삿갓 unadulterated: 순수한, 진짜의, 섞인 것이 없는, 완전한, 순정한, 잡물이

433 섞이지 않은 unassisted: 남의 도움이 없는 unawares: 뜻밖에, 알지 못하고, 불시에, 모르는 사이에, 모르고, 무심히, 부지중에 unbearable: 참기 어려운, 견딜 수 없는 unbelief: 불신앙, 불신, 의혹 unborn: 후세의, 미래의, 아직 태어나지 않은, 아직 태어나지않은, 태내의, 장래의 unbound: 족쇄가 벗겨진, 매여 있지 않은 unbreakable: 깨지지않는 unbroken: 파손되지 않은, 길들여 지지 않은, 중단되지 않은, 완전한, 미개간의, 꺽이지 않은, 꺾이지 않은, 중단되지 않는, 손상되지 않은, 깨어지지 않은, 경작되지 않은 uncanny: 기분 나쁜, 이상한, 초자연적인, 힘드는, 부자연스러울 정도의, 섬뜩한 unclean: 더러운, 부정한, 불결한, 사악한 외설한, 맹졸하지 못한, 순결하지 못한, 먹지 못하게 금지된, 명확하지 못한 uncleanness: 불결 unconquered: 정복되지 않은 unconscious: 무의식의, 깨닫지 못하는, 모르는 무의식, 의식을 갖지 않은, 자기도 모르게 나온, 정신을 잃은, 자각을 갖지 않은, 무의식, 의식을 잃은, 모르는, 지각을 갖지 않은 uncounted: 세지 않은, 무수한 unctuous: 미끈미끈한, 짐짓 감동한 듯 싶은, 기름기기가 도는, 기금같은, 말치레가 번드르한, 아주 감동한 체하는, 기름 같은 uncultured: 교양이 없는, 개간되어 있지 않은, 교양 없는, 개간하지 않은, 경작하지 않은 underfed: 영양 부족의 underfoot: 짓밟아, 가는길에 방해가 되어, 멸시하여, 발밑에, 발 밑에, 거치적거려, 발밑의 undergo: 견디다, 받다, 당하다, 경험하다, 만나다, 겪다, 격다 undermine: 밑에 갱도를 파다, 서서히 해치다, 은밀히 손상시키다, 의 밑에 파다, 토대를 침식시키다, 몰래 손상시키다, 의 밑을 파다, 의 뿌리를 침식하다, 의 토대를 침식하다 undershirt: 속셔츠, 내의 underside: 아랫면, 밑면 undersized: 보통보다 작은, 소형의, 보통 크기보다 작은 underwear: 속옷, 내의

434 undisciplined: 군기가 없는, 훈련이 안된, 규율없는 undisturbed: 평온한, 방해되지 않는, 방해받지 않은 undo: 풀다 끄르다, 원 상태로 돌리다, 실행 취소, 끄르다, 원상태로 돌리다, 타락시키다, 영락시키다, 여자의 정조를 빼앗다, 풀리다, 동요시키다, 혼란시키다 undreamed: 꿈에도 생각하지 않은 undress: 장식을 떼다, 옷을 벗기다, 옷을 벗다, 평복, 의 옷을 벗기다, 평상복의, 폭로하다, 알몸이나 다름없는 상태, 알몸 상태 unearthly: 섬뜩한, 상식밖의, 이 세상 것 같지 않은, 비현실적인, 기분나쁜, 굉장한, 이세상의 것 같지 않은, 초자연적인, 터무니 없는, 무시무시한, 소름 끼치는 uneasily: 걱정하여, 불쾌하게, 불안 속에, 불안속에 unending: 끝없는, 영원한, 끊임없는, 끝이 없는, 무한한 unequal: 같지 않은, 불평등한, 감당 못하는, 부동한, 비등하지 않은 uneven: 한결같지 않은, 평탄하지 않은, 균질이 아닌, 흘수의 unfailing: 신뢰할 수 있는, 틀림이 없는, 끊임 없는, 다함 없는, 절대 확실한 unfit: 부정당한, 적임이 아닌, 부적당한, 부적당하게 하다 unfitted: 적임이 아닌, 부적당한, 설비없는, 적용되지 않는, 헐렁한, 끼지 않는, 맞지 않은, 맞지않은, 부적절한 unforeseen: 뜻밖의, 예기치 못한, 뜻하지 않은, 생각지 않은, 예측하기 어려운 일 unfortunate: 유감스러운, 불길한, 불행한, 불행한 결과를 가져오는, 불운한 사람, 불운한, 적당하지 않은, 불행한 사람 ungrateful: 은혜를 모르는, 애쓴 보람 없는, 일한 보람 없는 unhealthful: 건강에 해로운 unheeded: 무시된, 돌봐지지않는, 배려되지 않는, 고려되지 않는 unholy: 사악한, 신성치 않은, 무서운, 신성하지 않은, 신앙심 없는 unhonored: 존경받지 못하는 unhook: 갈고리에서 벗기다, 갈훅가 풀리다, 갈고리가 풀리다 uninitiated: 충분한 경험이 없는, 풋내기의, 초심자, 미경험자 unintelligible: 이해할 수 없는, 분명치 않은 uninteresting: 시시한, 흥미없는, 재미없는

The Jungle uninterrupted: 끊임없는, 연속적인, 중단되지 않은 unionist: 노동 조합원, 노동 조합주의자, 통일론자, 연합론자, 연방주의자, 종교상의 통일주의자 unite: 결합하다, 일치하다, 하나로 하다, 결혼시키다, 겸비하다, 일치 시키다, 하나로 되다, 합병하다, 결혼하다, 제휴하다, 맞잡다 universality: 보편성, 일반성, 보급, 다방면성, 박식, 만능, 유포 unlighted: 불을 켜지 않은 unlimited: 끝없는, 무한한, 무제한의, 부정의, 제한 없는, 한없는 unlovely: 사랑스럽지 않은, 불쾌한, 추한, 못생긴, 싫은, 귀엽지 않은 unlucky: 불길한, 공교로운, 불행을 가져오는, 불행한, 잘되지 않는, 계제가 나쁜, 불운한 unmarried: 미혼의 unmeasured: 무한한, 과도한, 잴 수 없는, 측정되지 않은, 과도의, 헤아릴 수 없는, 측정할 수 없는 unmentionable: 입에 담을 수 없는, 말해서는 안 될, 말해서는 안 되는 unmercifully: 지독하게, 무자비하게 unnatural: 부자연한, 보통이아닌, 인도에 어긋나는, 이상한, 몰인정한, 자연적인 인정에 배치되는, 자연적인 본성에 배치되는, 자연적인 천성에 배치되는, 꾸민 티가 나는 unnoticed: 눈에 띄지 않는, 돌보아지지 않는, 주의를 끌지않는, 주목되지 않는, 주의되지 않는 unpaved: 돌을 깔지 않은, 포석을 깔지 않은, 포장 되지 않은, 포장되지 않은 unprecedented: 신기한, 선례가 없는, 전례가 없는, 새로운 unproductive: 불모의, 비생산적인, 헛된, 수확이 없는 unprotected: 무방비의, 보호 없는, 관세의 보호를 받지 않는, 보호자가 없는, 보호가 없는, 보호를 받지 않는 unrecognized: 인식되지 않은 unregenerate: 갱생치 않는, 죄많은 unrelenting: 용서 없는, 굽힐줄모르는, 무자비한, 가차없는, 용서없는 unrestrained: 제멋대로의, 억제되지않은, 무제한의, 억제되지 않은 unrestricted: 제한이 없는, 자유로운, 구속이 없는 unruly: 무법한, 제어하기어려운, 휘어 잡을 수 없는 unsanitary: 비위생적인, 건강에 좋지 않은, 보건상 나쁜, 건강에 좋지

못한, 불결한 unscrupulous: 비양심적인, 무법한, 예사로나쁜짓을하는, 거리낌없는, 사악한 unseen: 눈에 보이지 않는, 보이지않는, 본적이없는, 아직 본 일이 없는, 즉석의, 보이지 않는 것 unsettled: 변하기 쉬운, 할당되지 않은, 결정되지 않은, 동란의, 동요하는, 미결제의, 미정의, 미해결의, 불안정한, 일정치 않은, 정착 주민이 없는 unshorn: 가위로 다듬지 않은, 감소되지 않은, 거둬들이지 않은 unskilled: 익숙하지못한, 숙련이필요치않은, 숙달하지 않은 unsophisticated: 순진한, 단순한, 섞지 않은, 순수한, 진짜의, 섞인 것 없는, 순박한 unspeakable: 이루말할수없는, 심한, 언어도단의, 형언하기 어려운, 말하기 싫은, 입에 담기도 싫은 unspoken: 입밖에 내지 않은, 무언의 unstable: 불안정한, 변하기쉬운, 분해하기쉬운, 마음이 변하기 쉬운, 분해하기 쉬운 unsteadily: 미덥지 못하게, 불안정하게 unsteady: 불안정한, 미덥지 못한, 변하기쉬운, 소행이 나쁜, 변하기 쉬운, 불안정하게 하다, 행실이 단정치 못한, 몸가짐이 단정치 못한 unsuspected: 의심받지 않은, 생각지도 못할, 혐의받지 않은 unsuspecting: 의심하지 않는, 신용하는 unsuspicious: 의심스럽지 않은, 의심치 않은, 의심하지 않는 unthinkable: 생각할 수 없는, 있은성 싶지 않은, 상상도할 수 없는, 생각할 가치도 없는 unto: 까지, 에, 에게로 untouched: 언급되지 않은, 손대지 않은, 감동되지 않은, 논급되지 않은 untutored: 소박한, 교육 받지않은, 교사에게 배우지 않은, 무무한, 교육 받지 않은, 교육에 의하지 않고 자연히 갖추어진 unused: 익숙하지 않은, 쓰지 않는, 사용한 적이 없는, 사용하지 않은 unutterable: 발음할 수 없는, 말도 안되는, 이루 말할 수 없는, 말로 표현할 수 없는, 철저한 unwary: 경솔한, 부주의한, 조심성 없는 unwilling: 마음 내키지 않은, 바라지 않는, 마음 내키지 않는, 반항적인 unwonted: 보통이 아닌, 드문, 익숙하지 않은, 이상한, 에 익숙하지

Upton Sinclair 않은 unwritten: 글씨가 씌어 있지 않은, 써있지 않은, 백지의, 불문의, 씌어 있지 않은 upheaval: 대변동, 융기, 밀어 올림, 들어올림, 솟아르다, 밀어, 환성 등의 격번 upright: 올바른, 똑바로, 골포스트, 곧게선, 곧은, 곧추 서서, 수직, 정직한, 직립, 곧은 물건, 똑바로 선 uproar: 소음, 큰소란, 소동, 소란 upside: 위쪽, 상부, 혼란하여 upward: 상승하는, 위로 향하는, 이상, 위쪽으로, 위를 향해서, 위로 향한, 위로 향하여, 에서 위쪽으로 usurer: 고리 대금업자 utter: 말하다, 전적인, 절대적인, 완전한, 행사하다, 나타내다, 발음하다, 순전한, 무조건의, 발언하다, 입 밖에 내다 utterance: 말, 말씨, 발성, 발언, 발음, 말로 나타내다, 소리, 말함, 어조, 언설, 입 밖에 냄 vacancy: 공허, 결원, 공석, 방심, 틈, 빈곳, 공백, 빈 자리, 빈자리, 공간, 빈터 vacant: 빈, 멍한, 한가한, 비어 있는, 공허한, 결원의, 사람이 안 사는, 허탈한, 빈자리 지위의, 빈자리의 vacation: 휴가를 보내다, 휴가, 휴정기, 휴일, 휴가를 얻다, 정기 휴가, 명도, 궐위 기간, 공석 기간 vaguely: 모호하게, 막연히, 막연하게, 건성으로, 멍청하게 vain: 헛된, 쓸데 없는, 공허한, 자부심이 강한, 헛되게, 경솔하게, 가치없는, 자만심이 강한, 속절없는 valentine: 그날에 택한 연인, 남자 이름, 성발렌타인, 성발렌타인의, 애인 valise: 여행가방, 여행용 손가방, 배낭 valued: 존중되는, 평가된, 가치를 가진, 의 가치를 가진 vanity: 공허, 화장대, 무가치, 허영, 무익, 허영심, 허무함, 허황한 것, 휴대용 화장품 상자 vas: 도관, 관, 맥관 vatican: 바티칸 궁전, 교황 정치, 교황권, 로마 교황청, 교황정치, 교황의 자리, 바티칸 시국 vaulting: 둥근 천장 건축물, 뜀, 도약용의, 뛰어 넘음, 허풍떠는, 단번에 띄는, 과장한, 둥근 천장 만들기, 둥근 천장, 단번에 뛰는 veal: 송아지 고기 vegetable: 야채, 식물, 식물의, 푸성귀, 식물 인간, 단조로운, 식물로 된, 무기력한 사람

veil: 베일, 감추다, 가리개, 구실, 너울, 덮어 가리는 물건, 막, 싸다, 베일을 걸치다, 덮개, 연구개 vender: 행상인, 파는 사람, 자동판매기, 자동 판매기 vengeance: 복수, 극단으로, 철저하게, 원수 갚기, 원수갚기 vent: 환기용 작은 창, 항문, 터진 구멍, 터뜨리다, 에 구멍을 내다, 손구멍, 빠지는 구멍, 배출구를 찾아내다, 배출구, 바람 구멍, 나갈 구멍을 터주다 verge: 가장자리, 기울다, 경계, 한계, 끝, 바싹 다가가다, 에 직면하다, 에 향하다, 접하다, 가, 향하다 veritable: 진실의, 실제의 vermin: 사회의 해충, 해충, 건달, 깡패, 해로운 짐승, 두더지 따위, 영국에서는 엽조나 가금을 해치는 매, 여우, 올빼미, 해수 versus: 대, 와 대비하여, 와 비교하여 vest: 조끼, 옷을 입히다, 앞장식, 속옷, 소유권을 귀속시키다, 부여하다, 입히다, 귀속하다, 의복을 입다, 제복을 입다, 확정되다 vexation: 애탐, 괴롭힘, 화냄, 고민거리, 고통, 고민, 귀찮은 사물, 애태움, 속상함, 괴로움의 원인, 번뇌의 원인 vexed: 안절부절 못하는, 곤란한, 마음 아픈, 성난, 머리를 이프게 하는 viands: 음식물 vibrant: 활기찬, 유성의, 진동하는, 울려퍼지는, 유성음, 떠는, 활기에 넘치는 vibrate: 흔들리다, 진동하다, 진동시키다, 후들거리다, 오싹하게하다, 마음이 떨리다, 흔들어 표시하다, 떨다, 감동시키다, 감동하다, 진동하여 내다 vice: 악습, 육체적 결함, 나쁜 버릇, 사악, 결점, 부도덕, 바이스, 대리로서, 악, 악덕, 병 vicious: 지독한, 악의 있는, 부도덕한, 타락한, 악습이 있는, 부정확한, 버릇 나쁜, 결함이 있는, 사악한, 심한, 버릇이 고약한 victorious: 승리의, 승리를 가져오는, 이긴, 승리를 거둔, 전승자의, 승리를 나타내는, 이겨서 의기양양한, 전승의 vigil: 철야, 불면, 교회 축일의 전날, 밤샘, 불침번, 철야로 기도하는 밤, 축일 전날밤의 철야기도, 철야 기도 vigor: 활기, 정력, 활력, 원기, 구속력, 힘 vigorous: 정력적인, 원기가 있는, 활기에 찬, 힘찬, 기운찬, 원기 왕성한, 잘 자라는, 활기 있는

435 vigorously: 원기있게 vile: 지독한, 빈약한, 야비한, 부도덕한, 대단히 나쁜, 하찮은, 변변찮은, 상스러운, 비열한, 몹시 나쁜, 비참한 villainous: 몹시 나쁜, 하등의, 지독한, 천한, 악한같은, 형편없는, 넌더리나는, 극악한, 악인 같은, 악한 같은 violently: 맹렬하게, 격렬히, 세차게, 심하게, 난폭하게, 폭력적으로 violin: 바이올린, 바이올린 연주자, 현악기 violinist: 바이올린 연주자 virgin: 처녀의, 처녀다운, 신선한, 처녀, 순결한, 미혼녀, 동정인사람, 아직 사용되지않는, 처녀인, 처음의, 경험이 없는 visibly: 눈에 보이게, 뚜렷하게, 명백히, 역력히 vista: 전망, 가로수 길, 거리, 멀리 보이는 경치, 예상, 멀리 내다보이는 경치, 추억 vitals: 생식기 vividly: 생생하게, 발랄하게, 선명하게 vocabulary: 어휘, 단어집, 사전, 표현 기법의 범위, 단어집표 vocal: 유성음의, 목소리의, 목소리를 내는, 성악의, 음성의, 목소리, 소리나는, 속삭이는, 구두의, 보컬, 유성음 vocation: 적성, 천직, 신의 부르심, 직업, 신명, 장사, 재능, 사명, 사명감 voiceless: 목소리가 없는, 무성음의, 무성의, 벙어리의 void: 무효의, 빈, 공간, 배설하다, 무효로 하다, 공허, 빈곳, 비어 있는, 무익한, 공허한, 취소하다 volcanic: 폭발성의, 화산의, 격렬한, 화산이 있는, 화산암 volcano: 화산, 금방 폭발할 것 같은 감정, 금방 폭발할 것 같은 사태 volubility: 유창, 회전성, 휘감는 습성, 구르기 쉬움, 다변, 수다 voluble: 유창한, 수다스러운, 입심좋은, 말 잘 하는, 변설이 유창한, 휘감는, 습성이 있는, 회전성의 voter: 투표자, 유권자, 선거인 voting: 투표, 투표권 행사 voyage: 항해, 항해하다, 바다를 건너가다, 건너 지르다, 여행기 wad: 뭉치, 작은 뭉치, 다액의 돈, 덩어리, 채워넣는 물건, 지폐뭉치, 장전된 탄환을 고정시키는 충전물, 씹고난 껌, 충전물, 작은 뭉치로 만들다, 채워넣다 wade: 걸어서 건너다, 간신히

436 지나가다, 애을 써 나아가다, 도섭하다, 고생하며 나아가다, 걸어 건너기 wag: 흔들다, 익살꾸러기, 흔듦, 흔들거림, 흔들리다, 흔들기, 출발하다, 여러 모로 변해가다, 아장아장 걷다, 신호하다, 농뗑이 부리다 wage-earner: 임금 생활자 wagon: 짐차, 무개화차, 짐마차, 짐마차로 수송하다, 짐마차로 여행하다, 북두칠성, 배달용 트럭, 물건 파는 수레, 무개 화차, 광차, 짐마차로 운반하다 wail: 울부짖다, 비탄하다, 울부짖는 소리, 처량하게 울리는 소리, 구슬픈 소리를 내다, 비탄, 한탄하다, 울부짖듯 윙윙대는 소리 waistcoat: 조끼, 양복 조끼 waiter: 기다리는 사람, 시중드는 사람, 요리 나르는 쟁반, 급사, 음식쟁반, 웨이터 waken: 분기시키다, 일어나다, 일으키다, 눈뜨게 하다, 깨우다, 깨닫다, 잠이 깨다 walled: 벽이 있는 waltz: 왈츠, 왈츠를 추다, 춤추듯 걷다, 들떠서 춤추다, 파트너를 리드하다, 용케 통과하다, 용케 나아가다, 뻔뻔스럽게 다가가다, 수월하게 통과하다, 수월하게 나아가다, 왈츠로 리드하다 wand: 지휘봉, 지팡이, 과녁판, 관장, 직표, 표적판 wander: 헤매다, 옆길로 벗어나다, 헛소리하다, 오락가락하다, 두서없이 되다, 길을 잘못 들다, 걸어 돌아다니다, 꾸불꾸불 흐르다, 꾸불꾸불 이어지다, 종잡을 수 없게 되다, 거닐다 wanderer: 돌아다니는 사람, 방랑자, 헤매는 사람 wandering: 만유, 헛소리, 헤매는, 어슬렁어슬렁 걷기, 옆길로새는, 두서없는, 방랑, 산책, 꾸불꾸불한, 돌아다니는, 방랑하여 wanderlust: 방랑벽, 여행열, 여행벽 warder: 간수, 감시인, 지키는 사람, 감시원, 권표, 파수꾼, 교도관 warfare: 전쟁, 교전, 전쟁 행위, 투쟁, 교전 상태, 싸움, 전투 warily: 조심하여, 방심 않고 warming: 따뜻하게 함, 채찍질, 구타, 가온, 따뜻해짐 warn: 경고하다, 훈계하다, 예고하다, 에 통고하다, 주의하다 warpath: 노하여, 출정의 길, 북미 인디언의 정도 warrant: 영장, 정당화하다, 정당한

The Jungle 이유, 보증하다, 보증, 권능, 근거, 단언하다, 준사관 사령, 권한을 부여하다, 준위 wasted: 황폐한, 살해된, 지나간 wasting: 소모성의, 황폐하게 하는, 낭비 watchful: 경계하는, 주의 깊은, 조심스러운, 방심하지 않는, 주의깊은 watchman: 야경, 야경꾼, 야경꾼의, 야경의 watered: 물을 탄, 물결 무늬가 있는, 관개된, 불입금 없이 발행한, 물을 뿌린, 물을 댄 waterfront: 선창가, 부두, 호수가, 해안거리, 물가의 토지, 강가, 둔치, 물가의 땅 watery: 물의, 엷은, 약한, 수중의, 비올듯한, 묽은, 물이많은, 맥빠진, 눈물어린, 비가 올 듯한, 싱거운 waver: 흔들리다, 비틀거리다, 망설임, 반짝이다, 망설이다, 흔드는 사람, 동요하다, 동요, 머뭇거림, 흔들거리기 시작하다, 펄럭이다 wavering: 떨리는, 흔들리는 wayside: 길가, 길가의, 노변 weakly: 약한, 병약한 약하게, 허약한, 갸날프게, 우유부단하게, 약하게, 물기 많게, 무기력하게, 가냘프게, 묽게, 병약한 wearily: 지쳐서, 피곤한 듯이, 싫증나서, 질려서, 질려서 물려서 weariness: 권태, 싫증, 피로 weary: 지치다, 지치게 하다, 지치게 하는, 싫어진, 넌더리나는, 동경하다, 싫증나다, 지루하게 하다, 지루해지다, 피로한, 싫증나게 하다 weatherbeaten: 비바람에 시달린, 햇볕에 탄 weather-beaten: 비바람에 단련된, 비바람에 시달린 weaver: 짜는 사람, 직조공, 산까치 무리 web: 물갈퀴, 거미집, 꾸민 것, 거미줄 모양의 것, 한 두루마리의 인쇄용지, 피륙, 한 베틀분의 천, 얇은 금속판, 웹, 거미줄을 치다, 꾀한 것 weeds: 상복 weekdays: 평일에 weep: 울다, 흘리다, 눈물을 흘리다, 슬퍼하다, 스며 나오게 하다, 물방울이 듣다, 비탄하다, 스며내다, 에 눈물을 흘리다, 물기를 내뿜다, 가지를 축 늘어뜨리다 weeping: 드리우는, 가지가 휘늘어진, 우는, 눈물 흘리는, 눈물울 흘리는, 눈물을 흘리는, 늘어짐, 배어 나오는, 스며 나오는, 스며 나옴,

울음 weigh: 무거운 짐이 되다, 무게를 달다, 닻을 올리다, 울리다, 말을 음미하다, 몸무게를 달다, 손으로 무게를 헤아리다, 숙고하다, 압박하다, 잘 생각하다, 존중되다 weighted: 부담이 무거운, 짐을 실은, 출신구 인구 비례로 대표권을 행사하는 weighty: 중요한, 무거운, 유력한, 답답하게 내리누르는, 무게를 가진, 중대한, 견딜 수 없는, 남을 수긍케 하는 힘이 있는, 무게 있는, 비중이 큰 세력 있는, 무게있는 weird: 기묘한, 운명의, 운명, 초자연의, 불운, 이상한, 불가사의한, 운 well-dressed: 좋은 옷을 입은 well-fed: 살찐, 영양이 충분한 westward: 서방에, 서쪽의, 서쪽, 서쪽으로 향하는, 서부 제국, 서쪽에, 서쪽으로 wheat: 밀 wheeled: 바퀴 달린, 바퀴의 wheeling: 윤전, 노면의 상태, 수레로 나르기, 자전거 타기 whence: 하는 그 곳으로, 어찌하여, 어디서, 바의, 왜, 어떻게, 출처, 하는, 어디로부터 whiff: 훅 불다, 담배 피우다, 담배의 한 모금, 한번 붊, 확 풍기는 냄새, 헛치다, 작은 엽궐련, 빨다, 주낙질하다, 헛치기, 한번 불기 whim: 변덕, 일시적 기분, 권상기 whimper: 훌쩍훌쩍 울다, 낑낑거리다, 흐느껴 욺, 낑낑거리는 소리, 코멘 소리를 내다, 흐느낌 whip: 마부, 채찍질하다, 감치다, 사냥개 담당원, 매, 크림 달걀 따위를 거품일게 한 디저트 과자, 원내총무, 낚싯대를 휙 던져 났다, 휘감다, 단단히 감다, 거품일게 하다 whipping: 채찍질, 던질낚시질, 끝매듭, 급히 움직임, 패배 whips: 다량, 다수의 whirl: 혼란, 선회, 소용돌이, 현기증나다, 빙빙 돌리다, 빙빙돌다, 잇따라 일어나는 일, 질주하다, 차로 신속히 운반한다, 현기증이 나다, 회전 whiskers: 구레나룻 whiskey: 위스키, 위스키 위스키의, 경장 이륜 마차의 일종, 그 한잔 whisper: 속삭이다, 속삭임, 소근거림, 살랑살랑소리, 살랑살랑 소리를 내다, 말을 가만히 퍼뜨리다, 은밀히 말을 퍼뜨리다, 몰래 말하다, 소문, 적은 분량, 일러바치다 whispering: 속삭임, 속삭이는

Upton Sinclair whistle: 휘파람, 호각, 기적을 울리다, 휘파람을 불다, 경적, 휘파람불다, 헛되이 바라다, 팽 하고 날다, 휘파람으로 부르다, 입, 기적 whistling: 휘파람을 부는, 휘파람같은 소리를 내는, 천식, 휘파람 white-hot: 열렬한, 백열한, 아주 열심인, 백열의, 흥분한 whiteness: 흼, 순백함, 결백, 창백함, 창백, 순결, 백색 물질 whither: 어디로, 곳으로, 그 곳으로, 가는 곳 whiz: 훌륭한 것, 숙련가, 명인, 전문가, 윙윙하다, 수완가, 재줏군, 그 소리 wholesale: 도매로, 통틀어, 대대적인, 대강, 대대적으로, 도매, 완전히, 대강의, 도매의, 대량으로, 도매하다 whoop: 후우후우 울다, 외치는 소리, 큰소리로 외치다, 소리지르며 말하다, 후우후우 우는 소리, 그르렁거리는 소리, 그르렁거리다, 탁탕을 내다, 탁을 내다, 만들어내다, 탁치다 whore: 매춘부, 매춘 행위를 하다, 매춘부와 놀다, 타락시키다, 갈보 취급하다, 암캐, 매춘하다, 사교에 빠지다 wicked: 심술궂은, 사악한, 나쁜, 버릇이 나쁜, 위험한, 장난이 심한, 불쾌한, 장난기 있는, 우수한 wickedness: 사악함, 심술궂음, 사악 widen: 넓어지다, 넓히다 wienerwurst: 비엔나 소세지, 비엔나소시지 wilderness: 황야, 끝없이 넓음, 사람이 살지 않는 땅, 일부러 손질 않고 내버려둔 곳, 막대한 수량, 광막한 곳, 막대한 수, 미국 비르드지니아 주 북동부의 산림 지대 wild-eyed: 과격한, 눈이 날카로운 wildly: 거칠게, 격렬하게, 야생상태로, 과격하게, 난폭하게, 미친 듯이, 야생적으로, 무턱대고 wince: 주춤하다, 주춤함, 움츠리다, 움츠림, 질겁 windowpane: 창유리 wink: 눈짓하다, 반짝이다, 기운차게, 깜박이다, 눈깜박임, 보고도 못본체하다, 눈을 깜빡이다, 눈짓, 눈짓으로 신호하다, 깜박임, 윙크하다 wintertime: 겨울 wipe: 훔치다, 손수건, 훔치기, 닦다, 닦기, 닦아내다, 한번 닦기, 비비다, 빼다, 닦음, 주먹다짐

wired: 유선의, 철사로 친, 열광한, 신경이 날카로워진, 철사로 묶인, 철사로 보강한, 철망을 친 wisconsin: 미국 중북부의 주 wistfully: 바라는 듯이 wit: 기지, 재치, 지력, 알다, 재치있는 사람, 정신, 재주꾼, 지 witch: 마녀, 마법을 쓰다, 마녀의, 호리다, 매혹적인 여자, 못된 할멈, 쭈그렁 할멈, 매혹하다, 보기 흉한 노파, 아주 매력 있는 여자 withal: 게다가, 또한, 으로써, 그위에, 을 가지고 있는, 을 나타내어, 을 사용하여, 을 상대로, 을 합쳐서, 의 몸에 지니고, 의 일원으로서 withered: 시든, 쇠퇴한, 이운 withers: 두 어깨뼈 사이의 융기, 양 어깨뼈 사이의 융기, 감정 witticism: 명언, 익살, 재치있는 말, 경구, 비웃음 wiz: 비상한 솜씨 wizard: 굉장한, 마술사, 천재, 천재적인, 귀재, 마법사, 성현, 마법의, 놀라운 재능를 가진 사람, 놀라운 솜씨를 가진 사람, 놀라운 wizened: 시든 wobble: 동요, 동요하다, 떨리다, 비틀거림, 불안정, 불안정하다, 흔들리다, 흔들림, 비틀거리다, 흔들흔들하다 woe: 비애, 재난, 고뇌, 아아, 슬프도다, 고생, 불행 woeful: 비참한, 애처로운, 심한, 슬픔에 찬, 지독한, 슬퍼할만한 wolf: 이리, 게걸스레 먹다, 잔인한사람, 이리 사냥을 하다, 색마, 늑대, 늑대 사냥을 하다, 유충, 교묘히 여자를 유혹하는 남자, 울프음, 이리자리 wolves: 늑대들 womb: 자궁, 사물이 발생하는 곳, 사물이 성장 하는 곳 wonderfully: 이상하게, 훌륭하게, 이상하게도 wonderingly: 이상한 듯이, 의아하게 wonderland: 이상한 나라, 훌륭한 곳, 멋진 곳 wont: 습관, 버릇처럼 된, 풍습, 늘...하는, 에 익숙한 woodland: 삼림지, 삼림지의 woolly: 희미한 모직의 옷, 양털의, 뭉게뭉게 피어오른, 양털 같은, 양모의, 알아들을 수 없는, 솜털이 있는, 모직 내의, 거칠고 활기 있는, 모직 의류 workbench: 작업대 workingman: 노동자 workpeople: 노동자들, 직공들 workroom: 작업실, 일하는 방

437 worn-out: 써서 낡은, 진부한, 지쳐빠진 worriment: 괴로움, 걱정, 근심 worrying: 귀찮은, 걱정되는, 성가신, 애타는 worthless: 가치 없는, 아무짝에도 못 쓸 worthwhile: 할 만한 가치가 있는, 할 보람 있는 wounded: 부상한, 상처입은, 부상자들 wrap: 싸다, 두르다, 가리다, 몸을 싸는 것, 어깨 두르개, 감싸다, 끝내다, 휩싸이다, 감기다, 감추다, 구속 wrapper: 실내복, 포장지, 포장하는 사람, 겉잎, 싸는 것, 싸는 사람 wrapping: 포장, 쌈의, 실내복, 쌈 wreck: 난파, 잔해, 난파시키다, 파괴하다, 난파선, 난파하다, 난파선을 구조하다, 파멸, 파괴, 영락한 사람, 난파선을 구조하러 가다 wrestle: 씨름, 분투, 싸우다, 레슬링, 와 레슬링하다, 레슬링을 하다, 맞붙어 싸우다, 무지막지하게 마구 밀어대다, 씨름을 하다, 와 레슬링을 하다, 을 넘어뜨리다 wrestling: 레슬링, 씨름 wretched: 나쁜, 불운한, 지독한, 비참한, 야비한, 아주 불쾌한, 서툰 wretchedly: 불쾌하게, 야비하게, 지독하게, 불쌍하게 wring: 짜다, 꽉 쥐다, 비틀다, 짜기, 괴롭히다, 짜내다, 감다, 짬, 왜곡하다, 손을 꽉 쥠, 과즙 짜는 기계 wrinkled: 주름진, 주름살지는 wrinkles: 주름살 wrist: 손목, 손목 관절, 손재주, 피스톤핀, 손목의, 손목을 써서 wrought: 만든, 세공한, 가공한, 꾸민, 두들겨 만든 yacht: 요트, 요트를 달리다, 요트경주를 하다, 요트를 타다, 유람용 쾌속선 yarn: 허풍, 이야기, 방사, 뜨개질, 피륙 짜는 실, 꾸며낸 이야기, 모험담, 꼰실, 방사를 감다, 얀, 긴 이야기를 하다 yawning: 하품하고 있는, 지루한, 지루한 기색이 보이는, 입을 크게 벌린, 피로한 기색이 보이는, 하품을 하고 있는 yearning: 동경, 열망, 포부, 대망, 사모하는, 그리움, 열망하는, 간절한 생각 yell: 아우성치다, 큰소리로 외치다, 포복 절도하다, 폭소하다, 찢어지는

438 듯한 소리를 내다, 소리치다, 큰소리를 지르다, 자기 편 선수 응원의 일정한 함성, 응원에서 …에게 일정한 함성을 보내다, 외침, 외쳐 말하다 yonder: 저기에, 저쪽, 훨씬 저쪽의, 저곳에, 저곳에의 youngest: 최연소자, 가장 나이 어린 가족, 막내 아이, 특히 가장 나이 어린 가족 youngster: 어린이, 젊은이, 특히 소년 yourselves: 당신 자신들 youthful: 젊은, 젊은이의, 젊음에 넘치는, 발랄한, 초기의, 유년기의, 기운찬, 젊은이에 알맞은, 청년 특유의, 이른 zeal: 열중, 열심, 열의, 열성 zealot: 열광자, 열중자, 유대교의 열광적 신자 zola: 프랑스의 자연주의 소설가

The Jungle