Pollution Engineering February 2011

POLLUTION CONTROL SOLUTIONS FOR AIR, WATER, SOLID & HAZARDOUS WASTE

Piloting Wetland Studies Pg 16

Mixing Remediation Pg 27

Mercury Matters Pg 32 FEBRUARY 2011

ENTIRE SCHEDULE NOW AVAILABLE ONLINE

May 16-19, 2011 | Chicago, IL Flip to pages 34-37 to check out all the details

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TOPIC

TIME

SPEAKER

Feb 16

CFATS 101

1:00pm

DHS Representative

March 1

Slow-Release Oxidation Approaches for the In Situ Remediation of Groundwater

12:00pm

Dr. Frank Schwartz Ohio State University

April 14

Polymer-Enhanced Subsurface Delivery & Distribution of Permanganate

12:00pm

Dr. Michelle Crimi Clarkson University

May 26

Advances in Bioremediation: from Research to Practice

12:00pm

Dr. Kevin Finneran Clemson University

Aug 10

ESTCP ISCO Technology Practices Manual

12:00pm

Friedrich J. Krembs Aquifer Solutions, Inc.

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INSIDE

FEBRUARY 2011

VOLUME 43

NO. 2

COLUMNS The Editor’s Desk

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 07 Despite threats from a less hospitable Capitol Hill, EPA’s ability to create and enforce its regulations is still drawing breath. By Roy Bigham

Legal Lookout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 EPA has taken actions that could increase the number of companies that need to make 313 reports come next year. By Lynn L. Bergeson

Practical Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Combustible dusts and other hazards at the workplace often fall to the environmental manager, or nobody. By Norman Wei

Air Monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 EPA proposes new boiler MACT standards for CO, dioxin, HCl, mercury and PM. By Sarah Sajedi and Laura Weinkam

16

State Rules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Environmental Rules change daily. BLR brings a few of the latest changes needed to stay in compliance. By BLR

27

FEATURES The Wetland Diaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16

Using pilot studies to get from problem identification to a workable solution.

32

2011 Environmental Software Review . . .

22

Finding the software to meet demand can be a daunting task. The following information will streamline the task.

In Remediation, Two Wrongs Can Make a Right . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27

Sometimes situations force rethinking a problem to discover a new and innovative approach.

Mercury Matters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

32

While mercury is an intriguing metal existing ubiquitously around us, it can also be a real environmental headache.

Member

May 16-19, 2011

Subscribe to Pollution Engineering and our electronic newsletters at www.pollutionengineering.com.

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT GREEN JOBS ARE A GROWTH INDUSTRY. Today’s fastest-growing job opportunities are green. Companies need professionals who can improve corporate safety, efficiency and compliance with government regulations. Be ready, with a bachelor’s or master’s degree or a certificate in environmental management from University of Maryland University College (UMUC). ™ BH^c:ck^gdcbZciVaBVcV\ZbZci^hgZXd\c^oZYWni]Z 8djcX^ad[
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INSIDE DEPARTMENTS EnviroNews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 09 PE Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 09 Air Emission Control Products . . . . . . . . . . 38 Monitoring Flows and Level Equipment. . 38 PE Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Classified Marketplace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Advertisers Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

POLLUTION CONTROL SOLUTIONS FOR AIR, WATER, SOLID & HAZARDOUS WASTE

FEBRUARY 2011

ON THE COVER EARLY BIRD REGISTRATION

EXPIRES 1/31/11

May 16-19, 2011 | Chicago, IL Flip to pages 36-38 to check out all the details

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ON THE WEB There is a new video posted on ePE-TV in the water category. Abanaki Corp., Oil Skimmer Division shows how their new product can recover oily product from groundwater wells. One of the best ways to stay abreast of changes that are critical to a specific industry is to join an industry association. Pollution Engineering has a list with links to a number of associations from various industries. Go to the home page and look down the left side to find Industry Links. Follow the easy to navigate links to find the information most helpful. As some of these organizations change their addresses on occasion, should there be any problems, please write to the editor and let him know so that it can be quickly repaired to help others.

EDITOR'SDESK A Lot of Hot Air Despite threats from a less hospitable Capitol Hill, EPA’s ability to create and enforce its regulations is still drawing breath

L

et’s be honest: being green does not always bring a positive return to the bottom line. We should admit too that environmental regulation is, under the accepted definition of a very loaded word, “socialist,” i.e. regulations are written with the express intent of creating an artificial market impetus for businesses to control their emissions. And finally, since we’re being candid, EPA is a truly massive executive agency that gives the White House far more power over American businesses. See the chart: EPA publishes an astonishing 1,700 to 2,000 documents in the Federal Register each calendar year, with more regulatory actions under review than any other agency. Incoming House Energy and Commerce Committee Chairman Fred Upton, R-Mich., has made little secret of his plans to haul EPA’s leaders before his committee to block the agency’s efforts on greenhouse gas (GHG) emission controls. Meanwhile, Michael Burgess, R-Texas, told a local radio station over the holidays that the new Republican Congress will use the House’s strongest tool, its control over the budget, to force its will on the federal agency. The extent of EPA power was reiterated right before Christmas as the agency used a national press conference to announce its plans for setting GHG-related New Source Performance Standards for fossil fuel-burning power companies and petroleum refineries. One of the reporters asked if the agency thought Congress would stand in the way of these regulations, and was reminded that the third branch of government, the Supreme Court, declared that it was the obligation of EPA to reg-

ulate GHGs under authority of the Clean Air Act. The White House is prepared to keep the momentum going by way of the executive order without wasting a breath. If you’re going to argue that EPA’s potency in directing the U.S. regulatory agenda is overwhelming, I would agree. To argue that EPA forces businesses to make economic choices, which they wouldn’t otherwise, I again agree. But if you’re expecting some hot air from new House leadership to scare this agency into redirecting U.S. environmental policy, don’t hold your breath. PE

Roy Bigham is Editor of Pollution Engineering. He can be contacted at [email protected]

Pollution Engineering Masthead 2401 West Big Beaver, Ste. 700, Troy, Michigan 48084 | Phone: (248) 362-3700 | www.pollutionengineering.com PUBLISHING & EDITORIAL STAFF Tom Esposito | Senior Group Publisher Doug Glenn | Group Publisher 412-306-4351 | [email protected] Seth Fisher | Publisher 248-244-6248 | [email protected] Roy Bigham | Editor 248-244-6252 | [email protected] Contributing Editors Erin Manitou-Alvarez Lynn L. Bergeson, Esq., Neginmalek Davapanah Barbara Quinn

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CORPORATE DIRECTORS Timothy A. Fausch - Publishing John R. Schrei – Publishing Rita M. Foumia – Corporate Strategy Scott Kesler – Information Technology Vince M. Miconi – Production Lisa L. Paulus – Finance Michael T. Powell – Creative Holly Banks – Marketing Directories Nikki Smith - Directories Marlene J. Witthoft - Human Resources: Emily Patten – Conferences & Events Beth A. Suroweic – Clear Seas Research

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ENVIRONEWS PE Events MARCH 2011 2

NEBC Conference: Managing Stormwater in the Northeast, Seattle, www.eosalliance.org/schedule/event/nebcconference-managing-stormwater-inthe-northwest

9-11

Water China, Guangzhou, China, www. waterchina-gz.com/en/index.htm

9-11

Environmental Industry Summit 2011, San Diego, www.ebiresearch.com/ Environmental_Industry_Summit_2011

13-18 Pittcon, Atlanta, www.pittcon.org 14-18 The Groundwater Pollution and

Hydrology Course, San Francisco, www. princeton-groundwater.com

21-24 34th Annual Landfill Gas Symposium,

Dallas, http://lfg.swana.org 22-24 FILTECH 2011, Wiesbaden, Germany, www.filtech.de

23-25 Wastewater Pumping Systems and Lift

Stations, Madison, Wisc., http://epdweb.engr.wisc.edu/WEBL715

28-01 Cross-Connection Control and Backflow

Prevention, Madison, Wisc., http://epdweb.engr.wisc.edu/WEBL024

APRIL 2011 3-5

National Brownfields Conference 2011, Philadelphia, www.brownfields2011. org/en/home

11-15 The Complete Groundwater Monitoring

Field Course, San Diego, www.envirofieldschool.com

11-15 The Remediation Course, Las Vegas, www.princeton-groundwater.com

12-14 2011 Energy Efficiency Global Forum,

Brussels, Belgium, http://eeglobalforum.org

13-15 Spring Carolinas Air Pollution Control

Association Meeting, Asheville, N.C., www.capca-carolinas.org

18-19 The Complete Surface Water & Sediment

Sampling Field Course, San Diego, www.envirofieldschool.com

MAY 2011 5-7

IFAT China + EPTEE + CWS, Shanghai, www.ifat-china.com

16-19 RemTEC Summit 2011, The Westin

Chicago North Shore, Chicago, www. remtecsummit.com

EPA Requires Testing of 19 HPV Chemicals The agency issued a final rule under TSCA to gather additional test data on 19 chemicals from the manufacturers. On Jan. 4, 2011, the EPA issued a final rule under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) requiring manufacturers of 19 high production volume (HPV) chemicals to test the health and environmental effects of the chemicals and submit the data to the agency. EPA Administrator Lisa P. Jackson has made assuring the safety of chemicals one of her top priorities. This rule is one of a series of actions that the agency is taking to ensure that the agency has the data it needs to adequately review priority chemicals. HPV chemicals are produced in or imported into the United States in quantities of 1 million pounds or more per year. “This chemical data reporting will provide EPA with critical information to better evaluate any potential risks from these chemicals that are being produced in large quantities in this country,” said Steve Owens, assistant administrator for EPA’s Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention. “Having this information is essential to improve chemical safety and protect the health of the American people and the environment.” The chemicals in the rule announced today have many consumer and industrial applications. For example, diphenylmethanone is used in consumer products and may be found in personal-care products; 9, 10-anthracenedione is used to manufacture dyes; C12-C24 chloroalkenes are used as metalworking fluids; pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) is a blasting and demolition agent; and leuco sulfur black is a fingerprinting agent. The rule follows up on the voluntary HPV Challenge Program Chemical List launched by the EPA that included chemicals used in household products such as hobby/craft glues, personal-care products, home cleaning products, home maintenance products and automotive products. The program challenged companies to make health and environmental effects data publicly available for HPV chemicals. Companies voluntarily supplied data on more than 2,200 HPV chemicals under the challenge program; however, no health and environmental effects data was provided on the 19 chemicals in the rule, making it necessary for EPA to require testing. In the coming year, EPA intends to require testing of other chemicals for which the agency has not received data. More information on HPV chemicals is available at www.epa.gov/hpv.

Visit the Calendar of Events at www.pollutionengineering.com for additional information. FEBRUARY2011 www.pollutionengineering.com

9

ENVIRONEWS petitive and create good jobs here at home.” EPA Pushes Ahead on GHG Several states, local govStandards ernments and environThe EPA issued its plan for establish- mental organizations ing greenhouse gas (GHG) pollution sued the EPA over standards under the Clean Air Act in the agency’s fail2011. The agency looked at a number of ure to update the sectors and is moving forward on GHG pollution standards standards for fossil fuel power plants for fossil fuel power and petroleum refineries – two of the plants and petroleum refinlargest industrial sources, representing eries.Under the agreement, the nearly 40 percent of the GHG emissions EPA will propose standards for power in the United States. plants in July 2011 and for refineries “We are following through on our in December 2011 and will issue final commitment to proceed in a measured standards in May 2012 and November and careful way to reduce GHG pol- 2012, respectively. lution that threatens the health and The Clean Air Act requires the EPA to welfare of Americans, and contributes set industry-specific standards for new to climate change,” said Administrator sources that emit significant quantities Lisa P. Jackson. ”These standards will of harmful pollutants. These standards, help American companies attract private called New Source Performance Standards investment to the clean energy upgrades (NSPS), set the level of pollution new that make our companies more com- facilities may emit and address air pollution from existing facilities. The Act allows flexible Your Complete Environmental and innovative Data Management System approaches that take into account cost, health and Sample Planning env ironmental impacts, and enerData Collection gy requirements. The agency also Data Transfer must periodically update these stanValidation dards to reflect Reporting improvements in control technoloInbuilt GIS gies. The EPA will accept public Integrate with comment on these ArcGIS, MapInfo, two agreements EVS, Surfer, PLog, for 30 days followGoogle Earth, ing publication of notice in the ProUCL, gINT, Federal Register. WinLog More informaTel: 678-406-0106 tion can be found [email protected] at www.epa.gov/ www.dataforensics.net/esdat.php www.esdat.com.au airquality/ghgsettlement.html.

AIR .

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Pollution Engineering FEBRUARY2011

BUSINESS . Powerful Wastewater Cambi AS, Asker, Norway, was recently awarded a contract by a joint venture between Degremont and AGBAR. The company will supply its Thermal Hydrolysis Process as part of a major wastewater upgrade and extension project in Santiago, Chile. Biogas from the sewerage sludge process will be collected and used to supply 60 percent of the energy needed to operate the wastewater plant.

PEOPLE New Power Leader Manitia Moultrie has been appointed the U.S. Sector Power Leader for Golder Associates Inc., Sunnyvale, Calif. As a senior consultant and associate with Golder, Moultrie brings more than 25 years of technical and project management experience in a wide range of permitting, licensing, legislative and regulatory issues within the utility industry.

WASTE MOE Extends Reduction Requirements by One Year According to Dianne Saxe, Ph.D., the Ontario Ministry of Environment is proposing to amend O. Reg. 455/09 and extend the requirement for Phase I toxic substance reduction plans and plan summaries by one year to Dec. 31, 2012. The proposal is in response to requests

ENVIRONEWS from industry that the allotted time was not sufficient to complete the task as assigned. For many facilities, such operations were totally new and a learning curve to properly undertake the task was needed. Please note that the first annual report for Phase I substances would continue to be due to the Ministry by June 1, 2011. This first report would be based on the tracking and quantification data from 2010. Some of the information in the report is to be provided to the public on the Internet and employees are to be notified when it is available. In addition, Phase II timelines would remain the same. Phase II plans and plan summaries would be due by Dec. 31, 2013. These plans would be based on the tracking and quantification data from 2012. The first year in which all plans are to be reviewed would continue to be 2018.

WATER Hexavalent Chromium in Drinking Water EPA Administrator Lisa P. Jackson met with 10 senators to brief them on progress in understanding and controlling chromium-6 in drinking water in late December. Jackson described the agency’s current risk assessment activities regarding chromium-6 or hexchrome. She said that the EPA immediately started a study based upon new science released in 2008 that showed a link between hexchrome and cancer. A proposal to regulate

the chemical in drinking water should be forthcoming this year. An independent science panel is verifying the underlying science now. Current drinking water analytical requirements for chromium are for total chrome. Chromium-6 and chromium-3 are not distinguished although hexchrome is the chemical of interest. The administrator promised that good science would drive any final determinations on controlling hexchrome in drinking water. Delivering on a promise to the Senators, the EPA issued guidance documents on monitoring hexavalent chromium in drinking water in early January 2011.

FEBRUARY2011 www.pollutionengineering.com

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LEGALLOOKOUT By Lynn L. Bergeson

Expanding TRI Section 313 More companies need to make 313 reports come next year.

n Nov. 26, 2010, EPA issued a final rule adding 16 chemicals to the list of chemicals subject to reporting under Section 313 of the Emergency Planning and Community Right-toKnow Act (EPCRA), and Section 6607 of the Pollution Prevention Act of 1990.

O

Background EPCRA Section 313 requires facilities that manufacture, process or otherwise use listed chemicals in amounts above reporting threshold levels to annually report their environmental releases and other waste management quantities of such chemicals. EPA believes that the act of publicly reporting the chemicals released each year into the environment incentivizes facility owners and operators to diminish those releases to avert public scrutiny and shame that can be associated with the routine releases of large quantities of chemicals. Due in part to EPCRA’s success, the agency has endeavored to add to the list of chemicals for which reporting is required under Section 313. Section 313(d) and authorizes EPA to add or delete from the list of chemicals,. Earlier in 2010, the agency proposed to add 16 chemicals that had been classified as “reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen” by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) in its 11th Report on Carcinogens. EPA has determined that these 16 chemicals meet the EPCRA Section 313(d)(2)(B) criteria. The chemicals are: Category Name

CAS No.

1,6-Dinitropyrene

42397-64-8

1,8-Dinitropyrene

42397-65-9

6-Nitrochrysene

07496-02-8

4-Nitropyrene

57835-92-4

1-Amino-2,4-dibromoanthraquinone

00081-49-2

2,2-bis(Bromomethyl)-1,3-propanediol

003296-90-0

Furan

00110-00-9

Glycidol

00556-52-5

Isoprene

00078-79-5

Methyleugenol

00093-15-2

o-Nitroanisole

00091-23-6

Nitromethane

00075-52-5

Phenolphthalein

00077-09-8

Tetrafluoroethylene

00116-14-3

Category Name

CAS No.

Tetranitromethane

00509-14-8

Vinyl Fluoride

00075-02-5

As a result of the final rule, which became effective on Nov. 30, 2010, owners and operators of affected facilities must report releases above threshold amounts on or before July 1, 2012, for the reporting year 2011. According to EPA estimates, approximately 175 facilities will be impacted by the final rule.

Implications By adding to the Section 313 list, the agency is continuing to telegraph its commitment to the right-to-know regs. Administrator Jackson is keenly committed to transparency and enhanced domestic chemical management. Other impacts are anticipated. Whenever the Section 313 list expands, so also do any reporting requirements inspired by the incorporation by reference to the EPRCA Section 313 list. Accordingly, state and/or local reporting obligations may also be implicated by the expansion of the Section 313 list. EPA’s continuing attention to EPCRA reporting requirements is also an expression of Administrator Jackson’s commitment to enhanced chemical management. Administrator Jackson’s list of priorities announced when she took office in 2009 included a clear focus on chemical management and EPA has been true to its word. The number of chemical initiatives that have issued over the past 18 months has been impressive. Chemical stakeholders – manufacturers, processors, distributors, and consumer product manufacturers whose products include chemicals – are well advised to stay engaged in these rulemaking initiatives and evolving chemical management policy initiatives. These initiatives are likely to have a lasting impact on the profiling and management of chemicals for many years to come. PE

Lynn L. Bergeson is managing director of Bergeson & Campbell, P.C., a Washington, D.C., law firm focusing on conventional and engineered nanoscale chemical, pesticide, and other specialty chemical product approval and regulation, environmental health and safety law, chemical product litigation, and associated business issues, and President of The Acta Group L.L.C. and The Acta Group EU Ltd. with offices in Washington, D.C., and Manchester, U.K.

FEBRUARY2011 www.pollutionengineering.com

13

PRACTICALMANAGEMENT By Norman Wei

Dusty Dangers Combustible dusts and other hazards at the workplace often fall to the environmental manager, or nobody. he National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) defines a combustible dust as “any finely divided solid material that is 420 microns or smaller in diameter and presents a fire or explosion hazard when dispersed and ignited in air.” One of the more frequently neglected safety and environmental concerns, the accumulation of many fine dust particles at the workplace can become combustible and pose a serious fire hazard.

T

“

why bother to do the audit in the first place

14

”

Combustibility depends on many factors, such as the shape, moisture or content of the particle. Depending on these factors, particles larger than 420 microns can still pose a fire hazard. Combustible particles exist in many industries: food manufacturing (candy, sugar, starch, flour and feed), woodworking, metal grinding, textile, dyes, coal, etc. Most synthetic organic material can form combustible dusts. Normally noncombustible material can be transformed into combustible dust. A common sequence of events starts with a primary explosion near a collection of fine particles, which then triggers a massive secondary explosion as the primary explosion ignites the fine particles that have been floated. On Feb. 7, 2008, a series of sugar-dust explosions occurred at a major sugar manufacturing facility in Georgia that resulted in 14 deaths and 36 injuries. The U.S. Chemical Safety Board conducted an investigation of the incident. They concluded that the accident was the result of a dust explosion that started in an enclosed conveyor belt located below three silos containing granulated sugar. As the granulated sugar was transported along the conveyor belt to the processing plant, significant sugar and sugar dust had accumulated inside the conveyor belt and in the surrounding areas. The board concluded that an unknown source or sources ignited the sugar dust. The initial explosion lifted more sugar dust that had accumulated on the floors, which then fed the fire-

Pollution Engineering FEBRUARY2011

ball as it propagated through the buildings. The secondary dust explosions destroyed the facility’s packing buildings, the refinery and the loading buildings. Pressure waves from the explosions heaved 3-inch thick concrete floors and collapsed brick walls along the way. The structural damage blocked stairwells and other escape routes, causing numerous fatalities. The fire in the buildings was put out in a day but the granulated-sugar fire in the 105-feet tall silos simmered for more than a week. The company had enclosed the conveyor belts carrying the raw sugar in order to contain the sugar dust. The unintended consequence of this act was that the confined space inside the enclosed area was small enough to cause the dust to exceed the minimum explosive concentration. Also, electric motors throughout the facility were covered with sugar dust. Any one of these motors or any heated surface could have been the ignition source of the primary explosion. There was a dust collection system in place but it was in disrepair and other dust equipment was undersized or incorrectly installed. In general, housekeeping was not good at the facility prior to the explosion. The investigation revealed that plant management had been made aware of the danger of combustible dust explosion as evidenced by earlier internal inspections and office communication. The main lesson from this tragedy is that housekeeping is paramount. If a manufacturing process generates a significant amount of dust, be vigilant in making sure that there is no excessive accumulation. Dust collection systems must be properly sized and in good working condition. Always act on internal audit findings; if there is no follow up, why bother to do the audit in the first place? PE

Norman Wei Norman Wei is the founder and principal instructor at Environmental Management and Training LLC. based in Cape Coral, Fla. He does consulting work for companies and also conducts environmental seminars throughout the country. His company website is www. proactenv.com and he writes a blog at www.normanswei.wordpress.com. His email address is [email protected].

THE AIRMONITOR By Sarah Sajedi and Laura Weinkam

Boiler MACT EPA proposes new boiler MACT standards for CO, dioxin, HCl, mercury and PM. andated by court order, EPA proposed to regulate new and existing industrial, commercial and institutional boilers at majorand area-source facilities. The proposal would establish limits for CO, dioxin, HCl, mercury and PM, among other toxic air pollutants emissions. The proposed limits were based on an average of the maximum achievable controls of the top 12 percent of existing sources, and the best controlled new sources.

M

Impacts of the Proposed Boiler MACT Costs ‡ Implementation/Upgrade ‡ Monitoring/Testing ‡ Potential Job Losses

Benefits ‡ Reduced TAP Emissions ‡ Fewer Premature Deaths ‡ Lower Health Care Costs

The proposed rule, published in June, 2010, divided major source boilers into eleven subcategories based on design type, and proposed limits for nine of the eleven subcategories. Area source boilers were divided into three subcategories, with emissions limits applicable to all new boilers, and existing units with a heat input capacity of 10 million Btu per hour or greater. As written, the proposal required existing affected boilers to achieve compliance with the emissions standards no later than three years after the publication of the final rule. New sources started on or before the publication of the final rule are required to achieve compliance by the date of publication of the final rule, while new sources after publication of the final rule are required to comply at start-up. The national capital cost of implementation of the rule is estimated at approximately $9.5 billion in 2013, with an additional national annual cost of $2.9 billion every year thereafter. EPA estimates that 1,900 to 4,800 premature deaths could be avoided in 2013 as a result of the reduction of toxic air pollutants upon implementation of the proposed Boiler MACT. Total public health benefits are estimated at between $17 billion and $41 billion.

Through Aug. 23, 2010, the agency received nearly 5,000 comments from industrial groups, fuel industry advocates and state EPA agencies among others. Several groups argued that: 1. EPA’s method of selecting the top 12 percent of existing sources was flawed, and a limited set of sources were identified and do not reflect the actual performance values of real sources. 2. Limits do not consider different fuel types, but were set by a MACT floor calculation for each pollutant. Additionally, concerns have been expressed over the costs and potential job losses that could result from the proposed rule. An economic impact study released by the Council of Industrial Boiler Owners suggests that more than 300,000 jobs would be at risk. The study concluded that “every $1 billion spent on upgrade and compliance costs will put 16,000 jobs at risk and reduce U.S. GDP by as much as $1.2 billion.” However, environmental groups argue that this economic impact study does not account for health benefits, and fails to consider the positive impacts of reduced health care costs. In response to the comments received, EPA filed a motion on Dec. 7, 2010 with the U.S. District Court to extend the current deadline to April 13, 2012 for publication of the final Boiler MACT rule. The agency is requesting the extension to release a new proposed rule with additional time for public comment before a final rule is signed. PE Sources: 1. EPA’s Memorandum in Support of Motion to Amend Order of March 31, 2006 www.epa.gov/airquality/combustion/docs/20101207motion.pdf 2. EPA’s Emissions Standards Fact Sheets (Major and Area Source) www.epa.gov/ airquality/combustion/docs/fsboilersmajor20100429.pdf 3. EPA’s Proposed Combustion Rules and Related Non-Hazardous Solid Waste Definition Webinar Materials www.epa.gov/apti/video/pdfs/Webinar6_9.pdf 4. IHS/CIBO Economic Impact Study www.cibo.org/pubs/boilermact_jobsstudy.pdf 5. Environment News Service: EPA Heeds Industry Protests, Seeks Time to Rewrite Boiler Rules www.ens-newswire.com/ens/dec2010/2010-12-09-091.html

By Sarah Sajedi & Laura Weinkam Sarah Sajedi (left) is the Director of Research and Development for ERA Environmental Consulting Inc. Laura Weinkam (right) is an Environmental Project Manager for ERA Environmental Consulting, Inc. She has a Masters degree in Environmental Science and 5 years of experience in environmental consulting and manufacturing.

FEBRUARY2011

www.pollutionengineering.com

15

THE

WETLAND DIARIES Using pilot studies to get from problem identification to a workable solution.

By MARK O. LINER, P.E., Senior Engineer, Naturally Wallace Consulting

G

etting from Point A (knowing you have a problem and it is not going away) to Point B (having a working solution with demonstrated compliance) is often not a straightforward or simple journey, particularly in wastewater and stormwater treatment. Providers can offer different strategies for a problem, but seldom offer the overall package to solve the problem. Consulting engineers can provide a report evaluating different technologies, but not proof that each technology would work at a given facility. Equipment vendors can provide test data, but generally only offer one technology, which may or may not be the best alternative. The fastest and lowest-risk method of getting from Point A (the problem) to Point B (the fix) is to test different tech16

Pollution Engineering FEBRUARY2011

Large totes can be used to set up pilot tests to perform proof-of-concept designs. This can provide huge time and money savings.

nologies, compare the cost and benefits, and collect real data to demonstrate capability. Pilot testing was common in the 1940s and ’50s. Its use is coming back into the spotlight as a means of getting information quicker and at a lower cost. A case in point is constructed treatment systems such as lagoons and wetlands. Because these systems are not manufacturer-specific, multiple configurations can be tested against each other at the pilot scale.

Pilot testing specialized treatment systems There are a handful of treatment systems that can be constructed with minimal specialized equipment or labor. They include, among others, anaerobic lagoons, recirculating gravel filters and constructed wetlands. It is true that insulated covers, pumps and blowers are needed to complete these systems, but

little else needs to be brought in from off site. Constructed systems tend to find a home in facilities that can afford to trade mechanical complexity for land. Mines, airports, landfills and petrochemical facilities have turned to lagoons and wetlands when no sewage plant was nearby to accept their wastewater or stormwater. Often, the rub is that the wastewater needing treatment is unique; an Internet search provides little direction or confidence on what might be the best treatment train for a given set of parameters. For example, Buffalo Niagara International Airport decided to pilot test an aerated wetland to examine the rate at which deicing fluid in cold stormwater could be degraded. The only way to go forward with confidence, in this case, was to build a model in a walk-in freezer, and give it a test run. The results more than proved the concept and were

THE

WETLAND DIARIES ultimately used to size the system now being operated at the airport. Another issue is the lack of knowledge in the field. Engineering programs are not overflowing with students investigating the finer points of modeling aerated lagoon performance. The knowledge base on how to use lagoons or other constructed systems is varied and unlikely to be of use for an oil production facility in Colombia or Azerbaijan. The quick way to bridge the knowledge gap would be to build a pilot-scale model and run it on site. The following case studies provide an overview of how pilot facilities have been used to support final design of constructed wastewater treatment systems. Leachate from landfills can be a complex medium to clean. The above tests allowed various treatment trains to be tested and resulted in a successful final design.

Glycol in Buffalo, N. Y. Buffalo Niagara International Airport annually used over 200,000 gallons of glycol-based product for aircraft and pavement deicing. The spent deicing compounds were collected within the airport’s stormwater collection system and required treatment prior to discharge. To evaluate the ability of an aerated gravel bed to treat the stormwater onsite, a treatability study was conducted on a pilot-scale treatment system. Results from the testing demonstrated 95 percent treatment and were used as a basis for sizing the full-scale 10,000 pounds of BOD5/d treatment system.

BTEX in Casper, Wyo.

A goldmine in South America needed a low maintenance system to treat ammonia. The test above helped determine the proposed systems abilities and properly size the final product for their needs.

A pilot scale, subsurface, vertical-flow wetland was constructed at the former BP refinery in Casper, Wyo., to determine degradation rates for chlorinated organics. In particular, the water required treatment for BETX in cold weather. The four-cell pilot system, operated in 2002, provided insight into the value of utilizing aeration within the wetland system to expedite the treatment rate. The value of a mulch cover for bed insulation was

FEBRUARY2011 www.pollutionengineering.com

17

THE

WETLAND DIARIES also investigated. Treatment rates from the pilot project were used to design the full-scale system, which was capable of treating up to 11,400 m3/d of gasolinecontaminated groundwater. The fullscale system achieved compliance levels within one week of startup.

Ammonia in the Pacific Northwest A large-scale pilot study was undertaken to assist in the process selection for a landfill leachate treatment design. The pilot system was configured to investigate how continuous or intermittent

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Pollution Engineering FEBRUARY2011

THE

WETLAND DIARIES aeration would affect performance of a wetland-based treatment system. In particular, the pilot provided data on the use of an anaerobic ammonium oxidation process for the conversion of ammonia and nitrate to nitrogen gas. The results of the pilot work quanti-

fied the value of employing different modes of aeration: intermittent aeration achieved 400 percent more nitrogen removal when compared to the continuously aerated system. The clear difference in treatment performance was not only instrumental in selecting a mode of

Remediating Groundwater at a Former Gas Site Pilot testing can be done with more sophisticated tanks, mixer and sensors right on site under actual conditions that are expected in order to provide the highest quality proof of concept.

With the aid of fourteen Waterloo Emitters™, contaminated groundwater at a former gas station site was remediated within six months. The plume containing gasoline and diesel occurred in silty sand, and migration towards down-gradient receptors was a concern; therefore an effective solution that worked quickly was required to eliminate potential exposure. Waterloo Emitters were chosen to diffuse oxygen into the plume, thereby enhancing natural biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons. Within one month, dissolved oxygen levels in monitoring wells increased by 880%, and within six months, petroleum hydrocarbon levels had dropped below analytical detection limits. Groundwater Flow

How did this work? The rate at which natural biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons occurs in groundwater can be significantly increased when using The Waterloo Emitter™. The Emitter enables the controlled release of oxygen into impacted groundwater, creating ideal conditions to stimulate aerobic biodegradation, maximizing cleanup efforts. Operation is based on diffusion principles, whereby a concentration gradient is set up between the inside of the Waterloo Emitter tubing and the groundwater. The transfer of oxygen takes place on a molecular level, providing a steady regulated supply that is critical to the proper growth and maintenance of the natural in-situ microbial population. The patented technology consists of a PVC frame wrapped with silicon or LDPE tubing that can be pressurized to obtain the desired flow of gas, depending on site-specific needs. Sized to fit 2”- 6” wells, Waterloo Emitters can be stacked in screened wells or boreholes, spanning the contaminant plume.

Visit www.solinst.com and search “gas cleanup” to view the entire case study. +LJK4XDOLW\*URXQGZDWHUDQG6XUIDFH:DWHU0RQLWRULQJ,QVWUXPHQWDWLRQ Solinst Canada Ltd., 35 Todd Road, Georgetown, ON L7G 4R8 Tel: +1 (905) 873-2255; (800) 661-2023 Fax: +1 (905) 873-1992; (800) 516-9081 E-mail: [email protected] www.solinst.com

FEBRUARY2011 www.pollutionengineering.com

19

THE

WETLAND DIARIES aeration for the system, but also served as a simple proof-of-concept for a biological process that was not widely (or purposely) employed with natural treatment systems.

Ammonia in Suriname

“

Consulting engineers can provide a report evaluating different technologies, but not proof that each technology would work at a given facility.

”

A remote goldmine in South America was in need of a low O&M system to treat ammonia from the cyanideladen water in the tailings pond. Over 16,000 m3/day of water required treatment prior to discharge to the adjacent river. A treatability test was conducted to determine the rates of ammonia removal and to support the sizing of the wetland system. The testing was done in three phases. In the initial phase, artificial leachate was formulated and tested in a wetland reactor in a laboratory. During the second phase of testing, actual water from the site was shipped to the laboratory for testing in the same reactor. During

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THE

WETLAND DIARIES To investigate biological treatment of the mix, a series of biological reactors were constructed on site. The pilot is ongoing. Results to date indicate a high level of organics removal, with variable treatment of ammonia. Getting from point A to point B in these cases has been a simple matter of running a quick proof-of-concept pilot test. Lab scientists and civil engineers are left with little to ponder when the onsite pilot test has demonstrated 90-percent removal efficiency over a few months of running. The use of simple pilot studies, like the ones provided here, provides confidence in the final constructed systems, particularly for treatment of unique wastewaters, in which there is little to no precedent. PE

final phase of testing, a reactor was constructed and tested on site. Results from the testing demonstrated successful removal of ammonia with no inhibition of nitrification.

contained significant concentrations of hydrocarbons and nitrogen compounds.

Mark O. Liner, P.E., is a senior engineer with Naturally Wallace Consulting, Vadnais Heights, Minn.. Mark can be reached at mark. [email protected] to answer any questions.

Phenol in South America A petrochemical facility in South America is currently using facultative lagoons to provide treatment for water produced at the facility. Additional treatment for phenols is required and the facility is in the process of investigating the use of an aerated lagoon to provide polishing of effluent. An onsite pilot with scaled hydraulic detention times and airflows was constructed on site to investigate the ability of such a system to meet discharge limits. The pilot test is ongoing, however initial results indicate successful removal of phenols and ammonia.

Organic Nitrogen in the United Kingdom A factory in the U.K. was faced with either modifying their existing treatment capacity or building a new furnace and stack to thermally oxidize the increased load from the production facility. The low-flow, high-concentration wastewater

FEBRUARY2011 www.pollutionengineering.com

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SOFTWAREGUIDE 2011 Environmental Software Review

A V Systems Inc. – MIRSinfo.com AllMax Software Inc. – allmaxsoftware.com

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Auburn Systems – auburnsys.com

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Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety (CCOHS) – ccohs.ca

Chemical Safety Software – chemicalsafety.com

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Control Microsystems - control microsystems.co, Ian Metcalfe, (720) 237-4010 Dakota Software Corp. – dakotasoft.com

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Dataforensics LLC – dataforensics.net, Kevin Leung, (678) 406-0106 Donely Technology – donleytech.com DRMcNatty & Assoc. – drmcnatty.com Earthsoft Inc. – earthsoft.com, Mitch Beard, (978) 369-2201

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Ecotech Pty. Ltd. – ecotech.com, Steve Chamberlain-Ward, +61 3 9730 7800 EHS Data Ltd. – ehsdata.com Enviance – enviance.com ERA Environmental Consulting Inc. – era-environmental.com GAEA Technologies – gaeatech.com Geotech Computer Systems Inc. – geotech.com

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Gis\Solutions Inc. – giskey.com GoldSim Technology Group – goldsim.com Groundswell Technologies Inc. – groundswelltech.com 22

Pollution Engineering FEBRUARY2011

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Capaccio Environmental Engineering Inc. – capaccio.com

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Air Specific

SCADA/process control

Health/safety management

Form R reporting

Right-to-know management

Laboratory/sampling data management

Permit tracking

ISO 14000

Design calculations

Energy analysis

Cost/cost management

Training/training management

Federal/state regulations

Environmental site assessment

Mapping/GIS

Property transfer audits

Risk analysis/1910.119 risk management

Software Features

Source inventory

I

nanometers from a sample, while other programs are housed thousands of miles away in protected serves that reach out to plants around the world. Some systems even operate in the cloud world of computing. Software is at the root of the mobile devices now revolutionizing field work, the twin crucibles of portability and data network communication driving a renewed market for streamlined code and design. How can we keep up with the rapid pace of changes? Pollution Engineering has developed a comparison chart of leading software suppliers for the environmental industry. Below is contact information for these companies and on the following pages is a chart listing various capabilities.

Corporate/multipoint management

n today’s tight economy, businesses must search out every opportunity to increase productivity from limited personnel resources. Gone are the days when environmental engineers can do all of the work they need with just a spreadsheet, word processor and simple drawing program. Today’s professional depends on linking his computer software with sensors and equipment to make routine decisions, generate alarms, notify the proper people and generate reports. The software industry is a growing, dynamic market, continually adjusting to new regulations and new hardware. Software may be churning behind a tiny monitor mere

Auditing

By ROY BIGHAM

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FEBRUARY2011 www.pollutionengineering.com

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For hand-held systems

Internet

CD- or DVD-ROM

Availability

Other

UNIX

Macintosh

Windows

Operating Systems

NPDES reporting

DMR reporting

Groundwater remediation

Groundwater modeling

Drinking water management

Groundwater management

Wastewater management

Stormwater runoff management

Water Specific

TRI Reporting

SARA reporting

Recycling/waste minimization/P2

Site characterization/remediation

Toxicology

Physical/chemical database

Pretreatment management

Solid waste management

Hazardous waste treatment/disposal

Hazardous materials management

MSDS management

Waste Specific

Emissions history

Emissions inventories

Fugitive emissions

Emission source rates

Dispersion modeling

Emissions management

Clean Air Act management

Hydromantis Inc. – hydromantis-software.com IHS – ihs.com/environmental-health-safety-sustainability InspectionLogic Corp. – inspectionlogic.com, Chistopher Tucker, (502) 244-4500 Intelex Technologies – intelex.com Kisters North America Inc. – kisters.net Labtronics Inc. – labtronics.com Lakes Environmental Software – weblakes.com , Julie Swatson, (519) 746-5995 Logical Data Solutions Inc. – logicalds.com, Bill King, (561) 694-9229 ext. 102 Logical Technology Inc. – comply1.com Mazighi McCoy and Associates – mccoysiminars.com Monitor Technologies LLC – monitortech.com Process Data Control Corp. – pdccorp.com Quantum Compliance Systems Inc. – qcs-facts.com Scantek Inc. – scantekinc.com Schlumberger Water Services – swstechnology.com, (519) 342-1142 Trinity Consultants – Breeze Software – breeze-software.com

· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·

Air Specific

SCADA/process control

Health/safety management

Form R reporting

Right-to-know management

Laboratory/sampling data management

Permit tracking

ISO 14000

Design calculations

Energy analysis

Cost/cost management

Training/training management

Federal/state regulations

Environmental site assessment

Mapping/GIS

Property transfer audits

Risk analysis/1910.119 risk management

Source inventory

Corporate/multipoint management

Auditing

Software Features

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LITERATURE&PROD

BioResources, Inc. IN-SITU TREATMENT OF SOILS AND CONTAMINANT GROUND WATER Meeting State Standards for TPH –GRO/DRO, BTEX & VOC in fewer than 21 days. ELIMINATION OF OIL & ODORS IN EVAPORATION PONDS, INCREASING DAILY POND EVAPORATION.

Main Office P.O. Box 336655, Greely Colorado Phone: 307-686-2051 [email protected]

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Pollution Engineering FEBRUARY2011

Gather, Validate and Report Air Quality Data Ecotech WinCollect is a powerful data management tool for retrieving, validating and presenting data collected from air quality monitoring systems. WinCollect can interface with all leading air quality instrumentation and provides the user with the most stable, streamlined and easy to use package available.

(401) 247-0100 [email protected] www.ecotech.com

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For hand-held systems

Internet

CD- or DVD-ROM

Availability

Other

UNIX

Macintosh

Windows

Operating Systems

NPDES reporting

DMR reporting

Groundwater remediation

Groundwater modeling

Drinking water management

Groundwater management

Wastewater management

Stormwater runoff management

Water Specific

TRI Reporting

SARA reporting

Recycling/waste minimization/P2

Site characterization/remediation

Toxicology

Physical/chemical database

Pretreatment management

Solid waste management

Hazardous waste treatment/disposal

Hazardous materials management

MSDS management

Waste Specific

Emissions history

Emissions inventories

Fugitive emissions

Emission source rates

Dispersion modeling

Emissions management

Clean Air Act management

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DUCTSHOWCASE

Information Technology for

FUGITIVE EMISSIONS Data Collection & Program Management

VOC LDAR Consent Decrees Enhanced LDAR Subpart W www.InspectionLogic.com (502) 244-4505 [email protected]

Hydro GeoAnalyst Bring clarity to your environmental data In a single desktop program, Hydro GeoAnalyst* provides earth scientists with a flexible data management system and a range of integrated analysis, visualization, and reporting capabilities necessary to gain a complete understanding of their groundwater and environmental data. Download a trial version today www.swstechnology.com

[email protected]

© 2011 Schlumberger * Mark of Schlumberger.

FEBRUARY2011 www.pollutionengineering.com

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SOFTWARE PROVIDER LISTINGS MA V Systems

EarthSoft Inc.

Hydromantis Inc.

Mazighi

Ann Arbor, Mich. Julie Lasko (734) 973-3000 [email protected] www.MIRSinfo.com

PO Box 1376 Concord, Mass. 01742 Mitch Beard (978) 369-2201 [email protected] www.earthsoft.com

Hamilton, Ontario Brian Monaghan (905) 522-0012 Ext. 202 [email protected] www.hydromantis-software.com

Alger, Algeria Mazighi Mohamed 00 213 790-9614 51 [email protected]

AllMax Software Inc. Kenton, Ohio Doug Hughes (419) 673-8863 [email protected] www.allmaxsoftware.com

Auburn Systems LLC Danvers, Mass. Earl Parker (978) 777-2460 ext. 102 [email protected] www.auburnsys.com

Ecotech Pty. Ltd. 1492 Ferntree Gully Rd. Knoxfield, Victoria, Austrailia 3180 Steve Chamberlain-Ward +61 3 9730 7800 [email protected] www.ecotech.com

EHS Data Ltd. Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety Hamilton, Ontario Elaine Canning, (905) 572-2981 [email protected] www.ccohs.ca

Capaccio Environmental Engineering Inc. Marlborough, Mass. Lucille Servidoio (508) 970-0033 [email protected] www.capaccio.com

Chemical Safety Software Emeryville, Calif. Robert Dunn (510) 594-1000 ext. 27 [email protected] www.chemicalsafety.com

Control Microsystems Kanata, Ontario Ian Metcalfe, (720) 333-7389 [email protected] www.controlmicrosystems.com

Dakota Software Corp. Cleveland, Ohio Milan Dayalal (216) 765-7100 [email protected] www.dakotasoft.com

Dataforensics Da ata aforensicss LLC Jiimm Jimmy my Carter Ca arte er Blvd. Blvd Bl d. Suite Su uite e 1210 12 210 0 Norcross, N orc crosss, Ga., Ga.., 30071 3 071 30 Kevin K eviin Leung, Leun ng,, (678) (6 678)) 06-0106 06-01 106 6 [email protected] K eviin@ @da ata afo oren e siics..ne et www.dataforensics.net w ww w.d data aforrensi ns cs.n net

Donely Technology Colonial Beach, Va. (804) 224-9427 www.donleytech.com

DRMcNatty & Associates Viejo, Calif. Roland Tolliver. (949) 297-4057 [email protected] www.drmcnatty.com

26

Newark, Nottinghamshire, U.K. Graham Holtom +44 (0) 845-496-2158 [email protected] www.ehsdata.com

McCoy and Associates IHS Englewood, Colo. Trish Jones (800) 289-6116 [email protected] www.ihs.com/environmental-healthsafety-sustainability

InspectionLogic Corp. 11601 Interchange Dr. Louisville, Ky. 40229 Christopher Tucker (502) 244-4505 [email protected] www.inspectionlogic.com

Intelex Technologies Enviance Inc. Carlsbad, Calif. Brett Morrow (760) 496-0200 [email protected] www.enviance.com

Toronto, Ontario Kristy Sadler (416) 599-6009 [email protected] www.intelex.com

Kisters North America Inc. Athens, Ala. (256) 232-4437 www.era-environmental.com

Citrus Heights, Calif. Phil Stefanoff (905) 531-9287 [email protected] www.kisters.net

GAEA Technologies

Labtronics Inc.

Waterloo, Ontario Michael Fraser (519) 571-8121 [email protected] www.gaeatech.com

Guelph, Ontario (519) 767-1061 [email protected] www.labtronics.com

ERA Environmental Consulting Inc.

Geotech Computer Systems Inc. Centennial, Colo. Mike Rich (303) 740-1999 [email protected] www.geotech.com

GIS\Solutions Inc. Grizzly Flats, Calif. Sue Poole (925) 944-3720 [email protected] www.giskey.com

Goldsim Technology Group Issaquah, Wash. (425) 295-6985 [email protected] www.goldsim.com

Lakes Environmental Software 60 Barhurst Dr. Unit 6 Waterloo, Ontario N2V 2A9 Julie Swatson (519) 746-5995 [email protected] www.weblakes.com

Logical Data Solutions Inc. 31 Windward Isle Palm Beach Gardens, Fla. 33418 Bill King (561) 694-9229 ext. 102 [email protected] www.logicalds.com

Groundswell Technologies Inc.

Logical Technology Inc.

Santa Barbara, Calif. Brian Kahl (805) 889-8142 [email protected] www.groundswelltech.com

Peoria, Ill. J.M. Krakowiecki (309) 689-2900 ext. 111 [email protected] www.comply1.com

Pollution Engineering FEBRUARY2011

Ladewiid, Colo. (303) 526-2674 [email protected] www.mccoysiminars.com

Monitor Technologies LLC Elburn, Ill. Scott Bonine (630) 365-9403 [email protected] www.monitortech.com

Process Data Control Corp. Arlington, Texas Paul O’Brien (817) 459-4488 [email protected] www.pdccorp.com

Quantum Compliance Systems Inc. Ypsilanti, Mich. Terry Collins (734) 572-1000 ext. 143 [email protected] www.qcs-facts.com

Scantek Inc. Columbia, Md. Richard Peppin (410) 290-7726 [email protected] www.scantekinc.com

Schlumberger Water Services 460 Phillip St. Suite 101 Waterloo, Ontario N2L 5J2 (519) 342-1142 www.swstechnology.com

Trinity Consultants – Breeze Software Dallas, Texas 12770 Merit Dr. Suite 900 Dallas, Texas 75251 Vale Reyna (972) 661-8100 [email protected] www.breeze-software.com

IN REMEDIATION,

TWO WRONGS CAN MAKE A RIGHT Sometimes situations force rethinking a problem to discover a new and innovative approach. By BRAD CHRISTENSEN, Communications Director, AMEC

nnovative bioremediation technologies are cleaning up contaminated soil and groundwater much faster and far less costly than previously possible under traditional excavation and pump-and-treat techniques. At a former agricultural-industrial facility in Manitoba, one contaminant from the site was used to remediate another contaminant in an adjacent plume, resulting in the simultaneous elimination of both contaminants. At a federal Superfund site in northern New Mexico, vegetable oil was used to rapidly remediate a very large plume of tetrachloroethene (PCE) (previously known as perchloroethylene) that had contaminated an aquifer – the sole source of drinking water in the area – and threatened a major river. Both projects were conducted by the international engineering and project management

I

company AMEC, in coordination with clients, regulators and the public.

Cleaning contaminants The Manitoba site was an agricultural supply operation developed in the 1930s, and operated as a fertilizer and petroleum storage and distribution facility until the early 2000s. As part of site decommissioning activities, the consultant conducted an environmental site assessment (ESA). The ESA identified two distinct

contaminant plumes – one involving nitrates from the fertilizer and the other involving petroleum hydrocarbons. The petroleum hydrocarbon plume posed the greater short-term environmental risk because it had extended onto two residential properties and was migrating in the direction of additional residential properties in the town of Gladstone. The nitrate plume, while larger, posed little immediate financial or environmental liability. However, dissolved fertilizer concentrations over time would produce a more extensive plume and potential future restrictions on groundwater use in the area. During an assessment of remedial options, it quickly became apparent the costs of traditional dig-and-dump and pump-and-treat programs would be prohibitive due to the extent of the plumes and the presence of existing infrastructure and landscaping.

FEBRUARY2011 www.pollutionengineering.com

27

IN REMEDIATION,

TWO WRONGS

CAN MAKE A RIGHT The petroleum hydrocarbon contamination was rapidly reduced by 98 percent, and at a significantly faster rate than the nitrates were remediated. Therefore, once the petroleum hydrocarbon electron-donor source was depleted, other electron donor sources were added to further eliminate the nitrate contamination. These donor sources included molasses, high fructose corn syrup and emulsified canola oil. As a result, the nitrate contamination also was reduced by up to 98 percent.

Cutting costs

Water collected in the primary trench is pumped to tank 1 and then fed into the infiltration bed next to the fertilizer storage facility. This dissolves remaining granular fertilizer and removes impacts in the soil to the existing groundwater plume. The concentrated fertilizer impacted water is then collected in the secondary trench and sent by pump 2 to tank 2 near the oil shed. The fertilizerimpacted water then is released by gravity feed to three infiltration galleries over the hydrocarbon plume.

Combining contaminants So rather than treat the two plumes as separate remediation efforts, the engineering firm, in collaboration with its client, Federated Co-operatives Limited (FCL), developed an approach to have the contaminants remediate each other. This was accomplished with the development of a recirculation system to collect and redistribute nitrate-contaminated groundwater to the petroleum hydrocarbon-impacted area. The system consisted of a series of groundwater collection trenches and infiltration galleries. Nitrate-impacted groundwater was used in one gallery to dissolve granular fertilizer that had remained in the soil. The resulting nitrateconcentrated water was then pumped to the area of the site containing the petroleum hydrocarbon contamination, where it was released underground through a series of infiltration beds. The nitrate acted as an electron acceptor and the petroleum hydrocarbons as an electron donor, thus resulting in the rapid stimulation of microbial cell growth. Through a series of biochemical 28

Pollution Engineering FEBRUARY2011

reactions, the microbes transferred the electrons from the carbon-containing electron donor to the electron acceptor. This process worked to transform both contaminants into harmless byproducts: The nitrate ions were converted to nitrogen gas and the petroleum hydrocarbons were converted to water and CO2.

The remediation was principally completed over five May-to-October seasons and at a total cost of less than Cdn $200,000. Had remediation by excavation been attempted, the likely cost would have been five times that amount and extend the process over a considerably longer period. Excavation would have involved a portion of a rail lease, the commercial site and three residential properties – a monumental task requiring the removal of structures, fences, trees and putting it all back as it was in the end. The project was fully embraced by Manitoba Conservation, the province’s environmental regulator, which now conducts tours of the site as a training tool and to showcase the technology. Kris Bradshaw, FCL’s environmental and product services coordinator,

Shows rigs used for sonic drilling of remediation wells. The former dry cleaning building is in the background.

IN REMEDIATION,

TWO WRONGS

CAN MAKE A RIGHT said the project “provided measurable knowledge advancements in enhancing the in-situ conditions,” noting that lessons from this site were currently being applied to a number of other projects throughout Western Canada.

New Mexico mesa mess The New Mexico project involved the cleanup of a major PCE plume emanating from solvents from the now-closed Norge Town Dry Cleaners. The plume extended 3/4-mile long, 800 feet wide, and as much as 260 feet below the ground surface. It had contaminated at least 260 million gallons of water, forced the closure of two city supply wells and had moved to within 10 feet of the Rio Grande River. Known as the North Railroad Avenue Plume Superfund, the site was located north of Santa Fe in the city of Espanola and on the Santa Clara Pueblo tribal lands. Cleanup involved coordination among multiple stakeholders, including the Santa Clara Pueblo, the city, the New Mexico Environment Department and the federal EPA.

Measuring mess Three bioremediation systems were implemented to target the deep-zone aquifer, the area downgradient of the plume near the river, and, in a departure from the initial cleanup plan, the highconcentration source area. The initial plan called for surfactant enhanced aquifer restoration (SEAR) to flush out and capture the highest concentrations of un-dissolved contamination in and near the source area. That plan envisioned a confining layer on which the PCE downward migration stopped and pooled. However, it was discovered during sonic drilling for remediation wells that the site was ill suited for surfactant flushing. That was because what had been thought to be a confining layer was revealed to be a lowpermeability, water-bearing unit that had in fact been penetrated by the PCE. Surfactant flooding, under such hydrogeologic conditions, would have taken much longer and cost significantly more.

™

FEBRUARY2011 www.pollutionengineering.com

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IN REMEDIATION,

TWO WRONGS

CAN MAKE A RIGHT Also, due to the slope of the layer, there was the risk of contaminants mobilized by the surfactants escaping the capture zone of extraction wells and migrating downgradient toward the river. “On the fly, we had to come up with a better way to treat the source zone,” said senior project manager Peter Guerra. “Although bioremediation is rarely used effectively for source-area treatment, our pilot scale tests determined that complete bioremediation of PCE by native bacteria would be possible.”

Mending mess Three types of electron-donor bioamendments – emulsified vegetable oil, dairy whey and ethyl lactate – were tested, with sterilized brewery waste added as a nutrient source to each. The tests sought to determine which bioamendment most effectively stimulated the growth of specific bacteria known to reduce PCE and other chlorinated solvents.

Shows the interior of the hotspot/sources area treatment facility building. The crew is working on balancing flows using injection and extraction manifolds and the site control and data acquisition system.

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Pollution Engineering FEBRUARY2011

The testing included a metagenome analysis of groundwater samples before and after the bioamendment additions. A genome is the entire set of unique DNA that makes up a particular organism and a metagenome consists of the genomes of all the organisms harvested from an environmental sample. More than 1,000 microorganisms were identified, including Geobacter lovleyi, Dehalococcoides and other bacteria known to degrade PCE as well as the more recalcitrant chloroethenes, dichloroethene (DCE) and vinyl chloride (VC). The tests confirmed that emulsified vegetable oil best supported the growth of a specific consortia of bacteria that

IN REMEDIATION,

TWO WRONGS

CAN MAKE A RIGHT TOTAL ORGANIC CARBON LOG mg/L (PPM)

NOV E MB E R 2009

CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS LOG μM

used to determine the concentration and frequency of bioamendment injection that would be needed to keep the rate of degradation high. Full-scale operation of the bioremediation system began in May 2008, and by March 2010, sampling confirmed that more than 99 percent of the site’s PCE had been eliminated, as well as more than 95 percent of all chloroethenes in the source area. With the remedial action having ended, only long-term maintenance was scheduled to continue in 2011. The remedial design engineer had initially estimated that cleanup would take up to 30 years. But enhanced bioremediation with an electron-donor substance

and nutrient mix that tests confirmed would most rapidly spur the growth of the right bacteria enabled rapid cleanup. Current forecasts have cleanup completed within the next two years. Also, bioremediation cost less than the proposed SEAR remedy and much less than another remedy that was considered as a finalist by the EPA. PE Brad Christensen is the external communications director for AMEC’s Earth & Environmental Division. He can be reached at (480) 940-2320 or [email protected]. For additional technical information, please contact Patrick Campbell at [email protected] for the Gladstone project or Peter Guerra at peter. [email protected] for the Espanola project.

E T HE NE

V INY L C HL OR IDE

DIC HL OR OE T HE NE

T R IC HL OR OE T HE NE

T E T R AC HL OR OE T HE NE

TOTAL OR G ANIC C AR B ON

B AS E L INE J UNE 2007

NRAP progress slides1 shows the remediation progress from the June 2007 baseline to November 2009. NRAP scales goes along with the NRAP progress slide. It is the color key for amounts of total organic carbon and chlorinated hydrocarbons.

would be capable of reductive dechlorination of the PCE to trichloroethene (TCE), then to DCE, then to VC and finally to ethene. The tests also were FEBRUARY2011 www.pollutionengineering.com

31

By ROY BIGHAM

MAT TERS While mercury is an intriguing metal existing ubiquitously around us, it can also be a real environmental headache

ercury is a most unique material. While the chemical has many beneficial characteristics, it can also be the cause of great deal of suffering for animals, humans or plants. As children during the 1950s and ’60s, we marveled at the change a little drop of this material made when smeared on a copper penny. However, we now know that this alluring metal can be absorbed through the skin and perhaps such experiments were not wise. The chemical symbol for mercury is Hg, which originates from the Latin word hydrargyrum, hydra- meaning watery or runny; the suffix arygros means silver (a historic name for mercury is quicksilver). The material is usually found in nature as mercuric sulfide in the mineral cinnabar, which is a rock that runs from bright red to brick red. There is a black form as well, which indicates that a zinc compound is also involved. The powdery form of the mineral has been used for centuries as a coloring pigment. Most of us are most familiar with the refined form of mercury. At standard temperature and pressure, it exists as a dense silvery liquid. It does not solidify or freeze until its temperature gets below a negative 37.89°F, and the boiling point is way up at 674°F. Mercury will react with most metals to form an amalgam. One such amalgam is well known for its use in dentistry to fill cavities. The versatile element has been used in electronics, medicines, cosmetics, art, gold and silver mining, and even many years ago in making hats.

M

32

Pollution Engineering FEBRUARY2011

The problem is that the metal will react with many other elements, which will allow it to be easily dissolved in water or to become airborne. Once the metal gets mobile, it can get into tissues where it will accumulate and begin causing various ailments. It can attack the nervous system and impact vision, hearing or speech. Sufferers of mercury poisoning can exhibit itching, burning or pain along with skin discoloration. Mercury can be directly inhaled or ingested, or indirectly through contaminated food or it can enter the body through skin contact. It is par-

ticularly dangerous to infants, the reason expectant mothers in the United States are now advised to avoid eating too much fish. Since the metal has proven so useful in so many ways over the centuries, it is now found in many industries. Many developing countries are still using it in medicines and disinfectants. Fish in aquariums that have never lived in nature have been found to have mercury in their fatty tissues. Waste incinerators have struggled to control mercury from a variety of sources to prevent it from getting into the air. Chances are that the thermostat in most homes still use mercury as the metal is a great electrical conductor. Auto manufactures have also used them, although the industry is trying to eliminate them from their products. Older thermometers used mercury but most today use an alcohol mixture. These old uses still find their way into the waste stream and can cause problems. Perhaps most notoriously, mercury is found in many fossil fuel deposits, including crude oil and coal. When those materials are burned, mercury is released into the atmosphere, cooling quickly once out of the stack and then making its way into local waterways. Such emissions have been the most publicized dangers, as fish populations near stacks all across the country were found to have high mercury levels built up inside them.

So now wha hat? ? An artist construction of the chemical structure of the SAMMS materials.

Now that we know that mercury is all around us in the water, air and soil, how do we attack the problem? The first step

MATTERS is to define if there is a problem and what is the magnitude that is faced. That means sampling. Make sure to hire a knowledgeable consultant or analytical laboratory. Also, do not rely on a single data collection event. The samples must be properly collected and preserved in order to provide relevant results. Make sure to document all steps as well. Mercury analysis can be tricky so a laboratory that knows how to handle the protocols is also a must. Do not assume that a specific waste stream would not have mercury included. Authorities used to think that dental amalgam would not cause a problem. The EPA has announced in September 2010 that it will propose a regulation to control mercury emissions from dental offices sometime in 2011, with the goal to produce final regulations in 2012. In October, the agency proposed new rules for mercury emissions, among other things, from sewerage sludge incineration.

Wh hat to o do if fo ound? Check with the local authorities for mercury target levels. It will depend upon the levels measured, what the medium is and how often emissions occur as to what measures must be taken. Make a note to keep checking the information sources as well because there are always changes in analytical technology, treatment technology and regulatory requirements for mercury control. It would be advisable to find a good consultant as well. Some compounds may be more difficult to deal with and the consultant is able to stay abreast of the changes. Explore the EPA website at www.epa.gov/hg/regs.htm to keep up with their changes in mercury control in air, water, waste and state legislation links. Type in the link or use the mobile tag with a smartphone. New technologies are still being developed to reach lower treatment targets. For

example, Pollution Engineering featured a self-assembled monolayers on mesoporous supports system developed by Battelle research and Pacific Northwest National Laboratories that is marketed under the trademarked name SAMMS Adsorbents by Steward Advanced Materials Inc., Chattanooga, Tenn. Go to PE’s website and to the November 2008 archives or use the mobile tag with a smartphone to read the article. PE The tag to the left used with a smartphone can directly link to EPA’s website with more links to mercury regulations. The tag to the left can be used with a smartphone to directly link to the article from November 2008 about mercury control.

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FEBRUARY2011 www.pollutionengineering.com

33

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T A B L E T O P

E X H I B I T O R S Proven Soil, Sediment, and Groundwater Remediation Technologies

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Schedule TUESDAY, MAY 17th 7:00 am - 8:00 am 8:00 am - 8:10 am 8:10 am - 8:30 am 8:30 am - 9:30 am 9:30 am - 10:00 am

Registration & Continental Breakfast Opening Remarks Welcome Address Conference Keynote Address: Jerry Schnorr, ES&T Morning Networking Break ALTERNATIVE ENDPOINTS

MOLECULAR BIOLOGICAL TOOLS

10:00 am - 10:10 am

Session Chairs Sam Brock, AFCEE Rula Deeb, ARCADIS

Session Chairs Frank Loeffler, University of Tennessee

10:10 am - 11:00 am

Keynote Herb Levine, U.S. EPA

Keynote Barbara Sherwood Lollar, University of Toronto

Keynote: Measurement and Control of Subsurface Contaminant Flux and Its Use in Decision-Making Paul Johnson, Arizona State University Guest speaker, ITRC

11:00 am - 11:30 am

Removal of Dioxins From Surface Water And Groundwater Generated During Wetland Sediment Removal Using Hipox Advanced Oxidation Edward Conti, AMEC Geomatrix, Inc.

Monitoring Functional Genes to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Enhanced Bioremediation at a Gasoline-Impacted Site Gary M. Birk, EOS Remediation, LLC

Automated Flux Based Groundwater Remediation Performance Monitorings Mark Kram, Groundswell Technologies

11:30 am - 12:00 pm

Platform Presentation To be announced

Use of Molecular Biological Tools to Evaluate and Verify Remediation of Chlorinated Ethenes by Areobic Soy-Based Co-Metabolism Don Blackert, KU Resources Inc.

Mass Discharge-Based Plume Classification System: What is a “Mag 7” Plume? Chuck Newell, GSI

12:00 pm - 1:30 pm

Luncheon

1:30 am - 2:00 pm

Platform Presentation To be announced

Molecular Biological Tools and Microcalorimetry: a Novel Approach to Estimate Actively Respiring Cell Numbers, In Situ Biodegradation Activities and Stress Responses Dr. Natuschka M. Lee, Technical University of Munich (TUM)

Automated Flux Based Groundwater Remediation Performance Monitorings Mark Kram, Groundswell Technologies

2:00 pm - 2:30 pm

Platform Presentation To be announced

Monitoring Interspecies Hydrogen Flux during Reductive Dehalogenation Using a Novel Tiling Hydrogenase Gene DNA Microarray Ian Marshall, Stanford University

Platform Presentation Paul Johnson, Arizona State University

2:30 pm - 3:00 pm

Platform Presentation To be announced

Integration of Metagenomics/Metaproteomics for the Molecular Characterization of Microbial Isolates and Communities Robert Hettich, Oak Ridge National Laboratory

A Case for High-Resolution Pre-Design Investigations Prior to Remedy Implementation Eric Killenbeck, ARCADIS

3:00 pm - 3:30 pm

Afternoon Networking Break SUSTAINABILITY CONSIDERATIONS AND GREEN REMEDIATION

NANO-TECHNOLOGIES AND THE ENVIRONMENT

COMBINED REMEDY APPROACHES

3:30 pm - 3:40 pm

Session Chairs Erica Becvar, AFCEE Anna Willett, ITRC

Session Chair Martha Otto, U.S. EPA

Session Chairs Hans Stroo, HGL Jim Cummings, U.S. EPA

3:40 pm - 4:30 pm

Keynote Chuck Newell, GSI

Keynote: Applications of Nanotechnology for Site Remediation: Benefits and Potential Risks Shaily Mahendra, UCLA

Keynote: Overview of Combined Remedies for DNAPL Site Remediation Dean Williamson,CH2M HILL Constructors, Inc.

4:30 pm - 5:00 pm

Sustainable Ex Situ Bioremediation Alternative to Conventional Pump-and-Treat Systems Frederick R. Symmes, Weston Solutions, Inc.

In situ Remediation of Trichloroethylene Using Swellable Organosilica – Nano Zerorelevant Iron Composite Materials: Bench-Scale and Pilot Scale Testing Paul L. Edmiston, The College of Wooster

Sequential Oxidant Combinations to Span Remedies from DNAPL to MCLs Dan Bryant,Geo-Cleanse International, Inc

5:00 pm - 5:30 pm

Sustainable Environmental Remediation of Chromate Plumes: Evaluating P&T and In-Situ Strategies Frank Lenzo, ARCADIS

Emulsified Zero-Valent Iron, a Summary of Five Full-Scale Applications James E. Huff, Huff & Huff, Inc.

Multiple Amendment Active Caps (MAACs) for Remediation of Contaminated Sediments Anna Sophia Knox, Savannah River National Laboratory

5:30 pm - 7:00 pm

Networking Reception

WEDNESDAY, MAY 18th 7:00 am - 8:00 am 8:00 am - 8:05 am 8:05 am - 8:55 am 8:55 am - 10:45 am 10:45 am - 11:15 am

Registration & Continental Breakfast Opening Remarks Conference Keynote Address: Terry Yonkers, U.S. Air Force (Invited) Round Table: Future of Subsurface Remediation Efforts in the United States: Barriers to Success Panel Lead: Mike Kavanaugh, GeoSyntec Morning Networking Break

MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL OF SUBSURFACE CONTAMINANT FLUX AND ITS USE IN DECISION-MAKING Session Chair Paul Johnson, Arizona State University

Join us, collaborate, learn and be a part of our industry’s evolution! www.RemTECsummit.com

ADVANCES IN SITE INVESTIGATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING

LARGE PLUMES — THE SCALE CHALLENGE

BIOLOGICAL REDUCTION AND OXIDATION OF CONTAMINANTS

11:15 am - 11:25 am

Session Chairs Murray Einarson, UC Davis; AMEC Geomatrix, Inc. Todd Rees, Golder Associates

Session Chairs Dave Gilbert, PG&E Bob Luhrs, Raytheon

Session Chairs Jim Spain, Georgia Institute of Technology Dave Major, GeoSyntec

11:25 am - 12:15 pm

Keynote: Remediation Focused Investigation Decision Making– Applying Next Generation Characterization Techniques to Minimize Total Cost to Closure Joseph A. Quinnan, ARCADIS

Keynote: Regulatory Implications of Evolving Standards on Large Plumes Grant Nakayama, Kirkland and Ellis

Keynote: Biological and Abiotic Transformations of Ethylene Dibromide and 1,2-Dichlorethane in Ground Water at Leaded Gasoline Spill Sites John Wilson, U.S. EPA

12:15 pm - 1:30 pm

Luncheon

1:30 pm - 2:00 pm

Improved Field Evaluation of NAPL Dissolution and Source Longevity Jennifer Nyman, ARCADIS

The Challenges of Large Dissolved Phase Groundwater Plumes Mark Goltz, Air Force Institute of Technology

Mother Nature Makes Great Reactors Erica Becvar, AFCEE

2:00 pm - 2:30 pm

Evidence of Contaminant Biodegradation in Fractured Sedimentary Rock Matrices Glaucia Lima, University of Guelph

The Remediation of Large Plumes: Challenges To Maintaining the Pace of Performance Scott Potter, ARCADIS

Electrokinetic Enhanced Bioremediation as an Innovative Remediation Technology James Wang, GeoSyntec

2:30 pm - 3:00 pm

Sediment Gas Ebullition and Flux Studies in Bubbly Creek, South Fork South Branch, Chicago River Priscilla Viana, University of Illinois at Chicago

Large Plume Characterization Strategies – Getting the Data to Drive Remedy Design and Site Closure Fred Payne, ARCADIS

How Low Can you Go? Bioremediation of Chlorinated Ethenes in Cold Groundwater Phil Dennis, SiREM

3:00 pm - 3:30 pm

Afternoon Networking Break THERMAL TREATMENT OF SUBSURFACE CONTAMINANTS

NAPL DELINEATION AND REMEDIATION

BIOLOGICAL REDUCTION AND OXIDATION OF CONTAMINANTS CONTINUED

3:30 pm - 3:40 pm

Session Chairs Ralph Baker, TerraTherm, Inc. Mike Basel, Haley & Aldrich

Session Chairs Tom Sale, Colorado State University

Optimized Design of Large Plume Enhanced Reductive Dechlorination Systems: An Analysis of 85 Sites Matthew Schnobrich, ARCADIS (session will run from 3:30 – 4:00pm)

3:40 pm - 4:30 pm

Keynote: Thermal Treatment: Chemical Reactivity and Combined Remedies Kurt D. Pennell, Tufts University

Keynote Bernie Kueper, Queens University

Aquifer Tuning for Optimum Performance of In-Situ Remedies John Horst, ARCADIS (session will run from 4:00 – 4:30pm)

4:30 pm - 5:00 pm

Thermal Treatment in Urban Settings With Access Limitations: Challenges and Solutions Gorm Heron, TerraTherm, Inc.

Self-sustaining Treatment for Active Remediation (STAR): Smoldering Combustion for the Treatment of Non Aqueous Phase Liquids Gavin Grant, SiREM

Nitroglycerin: From a Toxic Explosive to a Growth Substrate Johana Husserl, Georgia Institute of Technology

5:00 pm - 5:30 pm

Large Diameter Auger Thermal Remediation of the Subsurface Phil La Mori, FECC

Use of Organophilic Clay for NAPL Remediation James Olsta, CETCO

Platform Presentation Joseph Hughes, Georgia Institute of Technology

5:30 pm - 7:00 pm

Networking Reception / Student Competition Awards Ceremony

THURSDAY, MAY 19th 7:00 am - 8:00 am

Registration & Continental Breakfast

CHEMICAL OXIDATION AND REDUCTION OF CONTAMINANTS

ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION FROM AN INTERNATIONAL REGULATORY CONTEXT

IN SITU PRECIPITATION AND ENCAPSULATION OF METALS

8:00 AM - 8:10 AM

Session Chairs Rick Watts, Washington State University Robert Siegrist, Colorado School of Mines

Session Chair Curtis Stanley, Shell Global Solutions Inc.

Session Chairs Kenneth Stollenwerk, USGS Rick Wilkin, U.S. EPA

8:10 am - 9:00 am

Keynote Rick Watts, Washington State University Robert Siegrist, Colorado School of Mines

Keynote: Requirements for Site Specific Geological Investigations for Environmental Monitoring-Atypical Analysis Dr.D.Venkat Reddy, National Institute of Technology

Keynote: In-Situ Cr(VI) Treatment and Efficacy for Non-Target Oxyanions: Nitrate, Molybdate, Selenate Jeff Gillow, ARCADIS

9:00 am - 9:30 am

Control of MnO2 Particles Resulting from Permanganate ISCO: Field Demonstration and Validation Michelle Crimi, Clarkson University

Back Diffusion Effects on Plume Persistence Following Full-Scale Source Zone Remediation Adam Gilmore, University of Guelph

Aquifer Investigation Strategies for Verification of Metals Precipitation Margaret Gentile, ARCADIS

9:30 am - 10:00 am

Behavior of Radical Chemistry Byproducts During Activated Persulfate-Based In Situ Chemical Oxidation Matthew Schnobrich, ARCADIS

Integrated and Innovative In Situ Remediation Strategies: Enhancement Technologies for Achieving Remedial Success Gordon Bures, FRAC RITE

A Decision Framework for Applying Monitored Natural Attenuation Processes to Metals and Radionuclides Dib Goswami, WA State Dept of Ecology

10:00 am - 10:30 am

Registration & Continental Breakfast

10:30 am - 11:00 am

Field-Scale Demonstration of Polymer-Amendment for Improved In Situ Permanganate Treatment Jeff Silva, Colorado School of Mines

Global Differences and Evolutions in Addressing Soil and Groundwater Contamination Hans Baillieul, ARCADIS

An Innovative Material for Mercury Immobilization in Groundwater and Soil Zhong (John) Xiong, AMEC Geomatrix, Inc.

11:00 am - 11:30 am

Novel Trials of Activated Perfulfate Treatment of Chloro- and Nitro-Aromatics Wilson Clayton, Aquifer Solutions, Inc.

Panel Discussion: Key Issues Related to International Remediation – Regulatory Trends, Technology Availability, Consultant Capabilities, and Sustainability Issues (session will run from 11:00 - 12:00pm)

Monitored Natural Attenuation Application in Arsenic Contaminated Groundwater Thomas He, ARCADIS

11:30 pm - 12:00 pm

Lactate-Modified Nanoscale Iron Particles for In-Situ Remediation of Organic Pollutants Krishna R. Reddy, University of Illinois-Chicago

12:00 pm - 12:20 pm

Closing Remarks

Chemical Stabilization of Metals in Coal Fly Ash David Liles, ARCADIS

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The company now provides complete water filtration systems designed for specific municipal and industrial applications. These systems include filters, manifold, valves and control. Many filter models provide low pressure losses, occupy minimal footprint, use only a few gallons of water for cleaning and need no electrical power to operate their cleaning mechanism. These features allow the filters to require less energy without sacrificing performance and dependability.

The company’s oil/water separators help industrial, commercial, municipal, military and utility facilities that store oil or oil products comply with regulations for spill and secondary containment, and satisfy the facility’s SPCC plan. The separators are designed to hold the maximum capacity of any single compartment of the tank truck at a facility. They help prevent oil spills from reaching navigable waters with their patented Corella coalescers. These systems meet the new Underwriter’s Laboratories Inc. UL-SU2215 design, construction and performance standards for engineered oil/water separators rated at 10-ppm oil and grease.

The company’s custom membranes and filter media are diecut and packaged to match precise customer requirements for separating air, liquids or particulates. Manufactured using digital die-less cutting or high-speed die cutting, slitting, multilayer laminating and special packaging, all membranes have performed in a positivepressure facility or clean room, as specified. Materials offered include: Mupor PTFE microporous plastic, Typar, Reemay, woven or nonwoven filter media, polyethersulfone, hydrophobic or hyrdophilic membranes, or cellulose. Media can be supplied on rolls or sheets with or without an adhesive backing with a ±0.005-inch tolerance.

Highland Tank

Interstate Specialty Products Inc.

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Sutton, Mass. (800) 984-1811 www.interstatesp.com

ORIVAL Inc. Englewood, N.J. (800) 567-6797 www.orival.com

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Pollution Engineering FEBRUARY2011

Customer Specified Membranes and Filters

PEPRODUCTS Control PM, SO2, HCl, NOX and Dioxins Tri-Mer Corp., Owasso, Mich. The company has announced it s Ultra Cat Catalyst Filters to control NOX at temperatures as low as 350°F with up to 95 percent removal. Dioxins are catalytically destroyed at 97 to 99 percent efficiency while also lowering CO. For efficient control of SO2, HCl or other acid gases, the system incorporates dry sorbent injection using sodium bicarbonate or lime to achieve 90- to 98-percent removal of these contaminants. (989) 723-7838, www.tri-mer.com

Prefab Manholes JWC Environmental, Costa Mesa, Calif. The pre-built Muffin Monster Manhole is a sewer system solution for cities, nursing homes, hospitals, condos, jails, colleges and other institutions facing stubborn problems such as rags, trash and debris clogging sewer lines and pump stations. The system includes everything in one ready-to-install package: a pre-built fiberglass reinforced polyester manhole; a Muffin Monster grinder; guide rails; access ladder; inlet and outlet pipeline connections and a manhole or hatch-type access lid. The low-speed, high-torque grinding turns troublesome solids into small particles that easily pass through sewer lines and pumps. (800) 3312277, www.jwce.com

Intelligent Online DO Probe ITT Corporation, White Plains, N.Y. The company has announced that WTW GmbH, a global supplier of electrochemical measurement equipment and part of the newly formed ITT Analytics, has launched the

new intelligent online dissolved oxygen (DO) probe FDO 701 IQ. The probe is used in determining oxygen or residual oxygen in water and wastewater and provides a quick response required by sequential batch reactors. The probe can be used with the IQ Sensor Net. (916) 638-7078, www. ittanalytics.com

Grit Gone Smith & Loveless Inc., Lenexa, Kan. The company’s latest innovation, Pista Works, offers a pre-engineered packaged headworks system combining screening, grit removal and grit washing in one integrated system. It comes pre-assembled direct to the job site. All equipment components are constructed of stainless steel. Package components include ANSI flanged connections, a 6-mm fine auger screen, manual bypass bar screen, two platforms for easy equipment access, and epoxy-coasted carbon steel skid support for the complete system with concrete fill. It comes with a PLC-based control system with touch screen, color HMI interface and NEMA 4X panel to operate the entire system. (800) 898-9122, www.smithandloveless.com

Rugged Computing Schneider Electric Raleigh, N.C. The Magelis Smart+ iPC is the first industrial PC with Microsoft Windows XP Pro that does not require maintenance or contain any rotating parts (no hard disk or fan). It provides great performance with its 15-inch touch screen, Intel Celeron M 1-GHz processor, 1 GB of RAM, two Ethernet ports and a solid state drive. The industrially rugged system has been certified to the most demanding standards (UL 508 for industrial control equipment, UL and ATEX for hazardous locations, marine). With a sealed touch screen, keyboard and pointer options, compact dimensions, and choice of DC or AC power supply, users are able to integrate the product into a wide variety of control systems. (888) 778-2733, www.schneiderelectric.us/go/HMI

The High Efficiency XE-3 Impeller Chemineer Inc., Dayton, Ohio The company’s XE-3 is a highefficiency, axial flow impeller for heat transfer, blending or solids suspension applications. The impeller designs are the result of over six decades of research and applied application experience, resulting in the broadest range of durable and efficient impeller options for its agitators improving efficiency by as much as 10 percent over previous designs. Reduced weight allows longer shafts. It comes in carbon or 316/316L steels with an array of coatings for new or retrofit applications. (937) 454-3200, www. chemineer.com

Pumpless Oil Extraction Abanaki Corp., Cleveland, Ohio Oil removal from tight locations is now possible with the company’s modified skimmer design. The system will remove oil from a monitoring well without a pump or bailer. This means that just the oil is removed and not the water. Oil extraction is accomplished from wells to depths of up to 100 feet at rates of 12 gph with the PetroXtractor belt skimmer. Hydrocarbon-attracting belts are specifically designed for each type of contaminant: diesel, fuel, gasoline, LNAPLs, DNAPLs and heavy weathered oils. (440) 543-7400, w w w.a banaki. com/133

Data Tracking Forston Labs, Fort Collins, Colo.

Ultra-1000 Containment Sump UltraTech International Inc., Jacksonville, Fla. The Ultra-1000 containment sump captures spills and leaks from 1,000-gallon fuel or oil tanks. The large, 1,100-gallon capacity meets Stormwater, SPCC and EPA containment regulations. Rugged, all-polyethylene construction will not rust or corrode and is available with or without drain fittings. Use with optional Ultra-Self Bailer for outdoor containment; the bailer allows stormwater to passively drain from the sump while capturing hydrocarbons. (904) 292-1611, www.spillcontainment.com

The company announced its LabNavigator, a powerful, intuitive hand-held analytical meter for the lab, plant/facility or field. The GPS function allows users to streamline reporting and records time/date stamps with location (latitude, longitude, and elevation) for each collected data point. Collection points may be shown on Google Maps using the NavPilot software, which improves visualization and interpretation of field results. Analysis and data may be exported to Excel. The meter can measure pH, ORP, ISE, colorimeter, turbidity, spectrophotometer, conductivity, TDS, salinity, force or impact, gas detection, soil moisture, and more. (970) 237-4389, www.forstonlabs.com

FEBRUARY2011 www.pollutionengineering.com

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Pollution Engineering provides additional information from each of its advertisers. Visit www.pollutionengineering.com, then click on Buyers Guide and search by supplier. The buyers guide is an additional service provided by the magazine. The publisher does not assume any liability for errors or omissions.

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ADVERTISER

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ABUTEC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 www.abutec.com

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PE Pollution Engineering (ISSN 0032-3640) is published 12 times annually, monthly, by BNP Media II, L.L.C., 2401 W. Big Beaver Rd., Suite 700, Troy, MI 48084-3333. Telephone: (248) 362-3700, Fax: (248) 362-0317. No charge for subscriptions to qualified individuals. Annual rate for subscriptions to nonqualified individuals in the U.S.A.: $115.00 USD. Annual rate for subscriptions to nonqualified individuals in Canada: $149.00 USD (includes GST & postage); all other countries: $165.00 (int’l mail) payable in U.S. funds. Printed in the U.S.A. Copyright 2011, by BNP Media II, L.L.C. All rights reserved. The contents of this publication may not be reproduced in whole or in part without the consent of the publisher. The publisher is not responsible for product claims and representations. Periodicals Postage Paid at Troy, MI and at additional mailing offices. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to: PE Pollution Engineering, P.O. Box 2146, Skokie, IL 60076. Canada Post: Publications Mail Agreement #40612608. GST account: 131263923. Send returns (Canada) to Pitney Bowes, P.O. Box 25542, London, ON, N6C 6B2. Change of address: Send old address label along with new address to PE Pollution Engineering, P.O. Box 2146, Skokie, IL 60076. For single copies or back issues: contact Ann Kalb at (248) 244-6499 or [email protected].

FEBRUARY2011 www.pollutionengineering.com

41

StateRules

brought to you by

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2 3

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1 6

AR – BORDER TRASH WEBSITE LAUNCHED The state DEQ has introduced a website, azbordertrash.gov, to provide a centralized location where stakeholders conducting border trash cleanups can find assessment and cleanup resources. The site will allow data from cleanups to be tracked with consistency.

1

CA – INSPECTIONS PROVIDE RELIEF Cal-OSHA’s PSM unit has completed investigations at all state refineries in the aftermath of last year’s deadly explosion at the Tesoro Refinery in Washington. According to the state safety agency, this unusual step was taken to ensure safeguards are in place to prevent experiencing a similar disaster. Inspectors revealed that the hydrogen corrosion that led to the Tesoro accident was due to conditions that are not present in California.

2

KS – HAZ-WASTE REGS REVAMPED KDHE is in the process of reorganizing the state’s hazardous waste regulations, in part to make it easier for the regulated community to find and compare federal and state requirements. The department wants to address federal concerns regarding the stringency and consistency of certain state regulations and to adopt changes made to the federal regulations between July 1, 2000, and July 1, 2006.

3

state’s water quality. Projects helped reduce soil erosion, manage manure on farms, replace failing septic systems, close landfills, improve urban stormwater quality, restore lakes and wildlife habitat, clean up abandoned industrial sites, and restore wetlands.

MI – LOANS FOR GOING GREEN Small businesses want to protect and improve the state’s environment just as much as the big guys, but lack of funds holds them back. The state is now offering low-interest loans for small business owners seeking to be more environmentally responsible.

5

MS – RECYCLING GRANT REGS ESTABLISHED The state DEQ recently published its final Recycling Cooperative Grant Regulations. The regulations address the establishment and administration of the Recycling Cooperative Grants Fund, which will be used to provide grants to regional recycling cooperative organizations for the purpose of collecting, processing and marketing recyclables.

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SC – DRAFT E-WASTE RULES The state DHEC is in the process of drafting regulations for the sale, recovery or disposal of covered electronic devices, including computers, monitors, printers or televisions.

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IA – SRF FUNDS PROTECT WATER QUALITY In the last year, the State Revolving Loan Fund (SRF) provided over $27 million in low-interest loans that resulted in 528 projects working to improve the

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42 PLE01094Airg.indd Pollution Engineering 1

FEBRUARY2011

TN – INCREASED EMISSIONS FEES

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taminant emissions fees for minor and conditional major sources. The proposed rule increases annual emissions fees for the 2010-2011 fiscal years from $12.50 per ton of allowable (not actual) emissions to $18.75 per ton. The department also plans to establish an annual permit review fee for conditional major sources ranging from $250 to $2,000 based on the source’s allowable emissions.

WV – WATER EPERMITTING IN 2011 The DEP’s Division of Water and Waste Management recently announced that it intends to shift to all electronic permitting (ePermitting) for water resources permits and NPDES discharge monitoring reports (DMRs). Beginning in July 2011, all DMRs will require ePermitting:

9

WI – MERCURY BAN IN EFFECT Mercury-containing devices may no longer be sold in the state. Signed in October 2009, Act 44 created Sections 118.07 (4) and 299.49 of the state statutes to ban the sale of many devices made with mercury. The ban covers devices for which state officials contend that mercury-free alternatives are widely available.

10

This update is provided by Business & Legal Reports Inc., practical EHS publishers since 1977. Find environmental answers and state compliance help online at http://enviro.blr.com or contact BLR at (800) 727-5257.

The TDEC’s Air Pollution Control Division, plans to increase construction and annual air con-

12/10/08 2:54:47 PM

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