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Alcestis of Euripides T.W.C. Edwards’s edition of Monk’s 1816 translation of Euripides’s Alcestis was published in 1824. Edwards used the earlier work to form the basis of a parallel pedagogic text, adding copious notes for the use of students of ancient Greek. Alcestis is Euripides’s earliest surviving play; a ‘problem play’ that shares much with tragedy, but has a happy ending. Admetus marries Alcestis who offers to die in his place after he angers the goddess Artemis. She is rescued from death by Heracles who returns her in disguise to her husband. Admetus refuses to marry this unknown woman, having vowed celibacy after what he believed was his wife’s death, but she is revealed as Alcestis to much rejoicing. The play was originally performed at the Athenian Dionysia in 438 BC, where it formed the final part of an otherwise lost tetralogy of plays, replacing the traditional satyr play.
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Alcestis of Euripides Literally Translated into English Prose from the Text of Monk with the Original Greek, the Metres, the Order, and English Accentuation T.W.C. E dwards
C A M B R i D G E U N i v E R Si T y P R E S S Cambridge, New york, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paolo, Delhi, Dubai, Tokyo Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New york www.cambridge.org information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781108015400 © in this compilation Cambridge University Press 2010 This edition first published 1824 This digitally printed version 2010 iSBN 978-1-108-01540-0 Paperback This book reproduces the text of the original edition. The content and language reflect the beliefs, practices and terminology of their time, and have not been updated. Cambridge University Press wishes to make clear that the book, unless originally published by Cambridge, is not being republished by, in association or collaboration with, or with the endorsement or approval of, the original publisher or its successors in title.
THE
ALCESTIS OF EURIPIDES, LITERALLY TRANSLATED INTO ENGLISH PROSE;
FROM
THE TEXT OF MONK.
ETPiniAOT THE
ALCESTIS OF EURIPIDES, LITERALLY TRANSLATED INTO ENGLISH PROSE; FROM
THE TEXT OF MONK:
THE ORIGINAL GREEK, THE METRES, THE ORDER, AND ENGLISH ACCENTUATION. TO WHICH ARE SUBJOINED
NUMEROUS
EXPLANATORY
NOTES.
FOR THE USE OF STUDENTS. BY
T. W. C. EDWARDS, MA. ho-ire
Kal
e9 x*t Alyet rah* , EVQCL irttpQivu g\vcr* iya>
f p t ykg
AAKH2T. 1152—1153.
LONDON: MATTHEW ILEY, SOMERSET ST. PORTMAN SQ. SOLD BY TALBOYS, OXFORD J NEWBY, CAMBRIDGE; AND BELL AND BRADFUTE, EDINBURGH.
1824.
TO
JOHN SCOTT, M.D. FELLOW OF THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS, &c. &c. &c. BEDFORD SQUARE, LONDON.
DEAR
SIR,
THE warm interest you have ever taken in the success of my Works, from the period of their first appearance, and the kind exertions you have made to promote that success, I feel with the liveliest pleasure,—and acknowledge with the most unfeigned thankfulness. The elevated rank you hold in society, in your Profession, and in the world of letters has greatly enhanced the value of your friendships and determined me to lay my self under further obliga* tions to you, by constituting you Patron of the following Play, The Alcestis of Euripides, In it I have endeavoured to profit by the judicious hints you some time ago had the condescension to give me, respecting idiomatic phrases and the use of particles, particularly of expletives, which in Greek Poetry are often redundant to the sense, although necessary to the rhythm. As, however, I profess to abide in my Translations as nearly as lean by the original, and as, in general, I offer some meaning for every word of the text, 1 have still been unable to adhere so closely to the strict signification of those and other parts of speech, as either your friendly suggestions or my own ardent wish prompted. Far less, then, 1 lament to say, has it been in my power, with all my striving, to put in practice the most excellent advice with which 1 was recently honored by the Lord Bishop of St. David's, namely, " To adopt as much as possible the phraseology of Shakespeare." The desirableness of so doing is great, but the difficulty of accomplishing it is greater! Most happy should 1 have been to have had the ability (for the will was not wanting) to effect my Versions in a manner more worthy of your patronage, and of the approbation of the Right Reverend Prelate above named: but in the absence of such ability, I must content myself with the consciousness of having possessed the will, and with the certainty that both you and he, not less distinguishedfor your acquirements and zeal in the cause of learning, than remarkable for a spirit of candor, will examine the
VI
DEDICATION.
folbmng pages with the lenity they require,—and that ye will throw a veil over minor imperfections—recollecting that the object of the Work is the facilitation of a very difficulty but most useful, branch of classical knowledge. The language is that in which your favorite Hippocrates of Cos wrote his Aphorisms, upwards of seventy generations ago: it is the languaget through the medium of which we moderns have derived much instruction, and have reaped varied delight, and have received the message of the gladdtst of tidings. If the heroes, and sages, and geniuses of antiquity have long since crumbled to dust, so z0e to dust must crumble;—but in the message of glad tidings we have the consoling hope that the crumbled and scattered dust of our earthly tenements shall be re-vivified, and be again united to the soul to be dis-uniled no more. This thought and this consoling hope serve as a check to our pride upon the one hand, and as a spur to the faithful discharge of our several duties on the other. But some men there are who stand in little or no need either of check or spur, being naturally of mild and unassuming manners ; and incapable, from an innate love of virtue, of practising vice: these merit the greatest commendation ; and fortunate would it be for the world that folks of this description were more numerous. Where, however, nature proves defective, education will frequently succeed in restraining the passions, and in bettering the heart. Indeed few can read the writings of Euripides, particularly his Alcestis, withoutfeeling the strongest inducement to lean to the side of virtue, and to detest vice; so full are they of morality, and of tenderness, and of exquisite sensibility, that even the most hardened are melted to tears at the representation of so much suffering and of so much wo: they possess, besides, the power of charming those who peruse them, not merely once, but again and again. This pleasure you have often experienced: — that you may very long continue to experience it, and to enjoy all the happiness arising from domestic comfort, a cultivated mind, the blessing of health, the smile of fortune, the esteem of your countrymen, the consciousness of having done your duty, and the pious hope ofeter~ nalfelicity, is the hearty wish of, Dear Sir, Your obliged and obedient Servant,
London, Sept. 23rd 1824.
TO
THE READER. THERE are many, who, possessing in reality very little knowledge, yet wishing withal to be thought extremely erudite, are constantly yelping that " the interests of sound learning are in danger," whenever they hear of any Work, of which the object is to render the attainment of any branch of literature easy: and these are joined in the cry by another set, whose bread indeed depends on their making a vast secret of the scanty knowledge they have themselves picked up, (viz, a smattering of the Greek and Roman languages, with little or nothing besides,) dealing it out in miserably small portions at a very enormous price. All such persons are unworthy of the name they assume: for, in the first place, an intimate acquaintance with the Classics is, in itself, an acquisition of comparatively small value: and what,'hen, must the worth of a smattering be? An acquaintance with the Classics, I say, is comparatively of very small value of itself, being merely an Introduction to Grammar and to Refinement of Taste: whereas, sound learning, as I understand the expression, means a thorough knowledge of all or most of the Arts and Sciences. In the second place, these yelpers are unworthy of the name they assume, because literature, which is calculated to ennoble the mind, and to inspire liberal ideas, ought not, like the petty secrets of some scurvy trade, or the tricks of jugglers, to be wrapped in mystery and darkness; but it ought to be made plain and easy of acquirement, that "they who run may read." I have long made up my own mind upon this subject, and whenever I hear the cry of "sound learning in danger/' I know from what quarter it comes, because no man of sound learning ever raised such a cry. Any attempt, (how unsuccessful soever it may prove,) to facilitate the acquirement of useful knowledge, is, in my opinion, laudable: and I am well convinced that this is the sentiment of every liberal-minded and well-informed man, without exception. Impressed with this conviction, I continue to come from time to time before the public:—and I have the pleasure of knowing, that notwithstanding the humbleness of my efforts, and the opposition of no informidable party, I am, upon the whole, well received. The liberal make every allowance for the very great difficulty which there necessarily is in translating Greek Poetry into Literal English Prose; and for the silliness of diction, as well as (I beg pardon of the yelping guardians of sound learning,) total absence of genius in many parts of the original. In the following Edition of the Alcestis, the Greek Text has been copied from Monk's second Edition of that Play, which I believe is the last that has appeared, printed at Cambridge in 1813.
VIU
TO THE READER.
As there are, however, in Monk's Text, several gross mis-spellings, (as xvrirov for KTVM, verse 87,—^0»', verse 4 9 7 ;
%a| for'W|, verse 555; JAEV for ^ev, verse 797; *** for xa), verse 1034; and aitwlon for a-irov^, verse 1035; with very many others,) I have, of course, corrected these : — and the unciniov brackets, which disfigure Monk's text, I have discarded. In verse 77, where, on no authority whatever, the learned professor gives vfotrdev for ^oo-fie, that the penult of pfrufyuv, which follows, may remain short, I have retained vrgotrQe, fully convinced that the vulgate lection is the best, and that the poet intended the penult of fteAaO^ to be long. Again, in verse 905, where Monk after mature consideration thought proper to transpose the words, and to read axfioq pirgiov, to the entire destruction of the rhythm, I have re-transposed them, and edited, consentingly with all MSS. and editions before Monk's, pirgiov »%$<>%. The word vUvq, of verse 94,1 have rejected,—entertaining no doubt whatever of its spurioqsness. Monk's punctuation, too, I have frequently altered:—and although I have followed him in the distribution of character, I have done so in several instances at the expense of the sense: for who can tolerate, for example, Semichorus for Chorus, verses77 and 7 9 ; and Chorus for Semichorus, verses 86 and 89? And yet Barnes and Monk have deemed this arrangement the bFst,—in opposition to the most unquestionable authority, and the voice of common intellect. In verse 605,1 have restored OJXEK, disapproving in toto of Monk's oiKtT, for which there does not appear to me to be the smallest necessity, and certainly no warrant whatever. The verb *Xa'u/,jl6o, which Monk (consentingly, it is true, with Porson,)*has uniformly written x\oio, frdngo, as being (they tell us) more strictly Attic, I have continued to spell in the old way: and the coalescence of KU\ with a long syllable aspirated, as in the words yfa, ^5», (as Monk gives them) for xa* h and no.) S», I consider (but this is mere matter of opinion) to be more properly written and printed ^'j and %U. Where xal coalesces with an initial diphthong as in xaW for xa) ur», I have with Monk and Porson (on the recommendation of Dawes) retained the »subscript, and in all other instances, as xan-sn-a for **} iwura, I have with them rejected it, contrary to the practice of Brunck arid many other celebrated editors. Respecting the Translation and other parts of the Work, I have nothing new to offer,—but take the liberty of referring to the Preface of the King CEdipus of Sophocles and of the other Plays I have already published, for a full developement of my plan. London, Sept. 23rd 1824.
SUMMARY OF
FACTS AND CIRCUMSTANCES CONNECTED WITH THE PLAY. TESCULAPIUS, a beloved son of Ap611o, and physician of old, who was considered by the ancients to be so intimately acquainted with the medicinal properties of every plant, that he was called the inventor and god of medicine, having, by his extraordinary skill, restored many recently dead persons to life, Pluto, whose rights were thereby infringed, and whose subjects were in consequence diminished in number,complainedtojupiterof conduct so subversive of the natural order of things. The father of the gods being incensed, struck .ZEsculapius with lightning, and killed him: whereupon Ap6llo, to be revenged for the death of his son, slew the Cyclops who had made the thunderbolts. This daring act of injustice and of contempt, Jupiter punished by banishing his son Apollo from heaven, and sentencing him to the drudgeries of a menial on the earth for a limited time. In conformity, therefore, to the will and command of his father, Ap6Uo went into exile: — and, having come into Greece, hired himself to Adme'tus, king of Ph6rse, in The'ssaly, cheerfully submitting to rank as a servant, and faithfully discharging the duties of a shepherd for nine years. During this sojourn of Ap61lo in the house and service of Admetus, he was treated with much kindness, and became so warmly attached to the family by the ties of gratitude and the feelings of respect, that he felt inclined to confer on his master some extraordinary favor in token of his regard, and as a mark of his entire satisfaction with the treatment he had experienced. As Adme'tus was most singularly averse to death, the greatest favor that could in any way be bestowed on him, was the means of escape from this king of terrors and terror of kfngs;—accordingly Apollo solicited the Fates in his behalf, and obtained from them, that Adme'tus should never die, provided that always, when it came to his turn to die, some other person would die in his stead. Adme'tus, after the death of his first wife, had married Alce\stis, called also Alc£ste, daughter of P£lias, king of Iolchos. Two children, EumeMus and Perim6ne, were the offspring of this marriage, and had not arrived at puberty when it came to their father's turn to die. Authors are not agreed as to the precise sort of death which threatened Admetus, but they all affirm that he found it very difficult to procure a substitute,—his aged father Phe'res, and his mother Clymene, having each of them peremptorily refused to redeem their son's life at the price of their own. But his noble queen Alcestis, although yet in the flower of her^outb, most generously volunteered to die for her husband. The principal incidents of the Play are Alc^stis's death and funeral, with her restoration to life and to Admetus by Hercules, who came to the palace of Phe>ae on a visit at this truly mournful, but eventually happy season; and who by dint of prowess and of sheer strength, succeeded in rescuing from the grasp of death and of the grave, the most worthy wife of the son of Phe>es. The pusillanimity of Admetus, and his ingratitude and insolence to his father, are impressive of contempt for him personally,—notwithstanding the great stress laid by the Chorus on the hospitableness of his disposition. And had Alcestis said less of herself and of her act, she would have appeared to more advantage. Another great defect in the Fable, is the silence of Alce'stis after resuscitation; although the poet accounts for it in a way not altogether unsatisfactory. TA TOY APAMATOS TA nP02ft'riA TOY APA'MAT02. AnOAAnN ©ANAT02 X0P02 ANAPilN 0EPAIJ2N ©EPAITA1NA AAKH2TI2 AAMHT02 EYMHA02 - t " HPAKAH2 -' - •
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THE PERSONS OF THE DRAMA. APOLLO DEATH CHORUS OF MEN OF PHERJE - FEMALE ATTENDANT ALCESTIS ADMETUS - EUMELUS - HERCULES PHERES - MAN-SERVANT.
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THE ORDER, AND ENGLISH ACCENTUATION. 'rno'GEiis AAKH'STIAOS. AIlOAAftN nrrnra.ro ffapct row MoifttV, oirxq o , ^f inrs^ avrou, I'va ^ncrn iJC Traga Tci TTE^I T»JV AXx«o-Ttv, £7ro£Etj0» 87Tt TOV Ta<|)ov* TEt T«V yvvaUa so-Qtiri' S'E h^iou rov A${A*irov
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TRANSLATION. ARGUMENT OF THE ALCESTIS.
APOLLO desired of the Fates, that Adm6tus, who was about to die, might give some one as a substitute to die for him, that so he might live for a term equal to his former life: — and Alcestis his consort, neither of his parents being willing to die for their son, gave herself up. But not long after the time when this calamity took place, Hercules having arrived, and having learnt from a servant the particulars concerning Alcestis, went to her tomb, and, haying made Death retire,covers the lady with a robe: and he requested Admetus to receive and keep her for him; and said he had borne her off as a prize in wrestling: but when he would not, having unveiled her, he discovered to him her whom he was lamenting. Line 1.The Fates, called Mol^eu by thedrunk—and thus to have obtained from Greeks, and by the Latins, P6rc
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TRANSLATION.
{SCENE. The Palace of Admitus at Phtra: Apollo9 with his bow, passing and g az'ing,] APOLLO. O! MANSIONS of Admetus, in which I endured to assent-to the bondservant's table, although I was a God:—for Jupiter was the cause, having slain my son iEsculapius,—by hurling the lightningVflame at his breast: whereat then enragqrt, I kill the Cyclops, the forgers of Jove's fire:—and me did my father compel toserve^as-a-hirelmg to a mortal man, a punishment for these doings. So, having come to this land, I tended-herds for my host, and have preserved the house until this day: 1. S $o)(A.a.T 'A8|U.JIT£{', OAdmetian man-ofaive
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for pious it was, and belonged to a pious man, the son of Pheres, whom I rescued from dying by deluding the Fates:—for those Goddesses did grant unto me, that Admetus should escape the death that was before him, by giving-in-his-stead another dead to the powers beneath. But having tried and gone through all his friends, his father, and his aged mother, her who bare him, he found not one, save his wife, who was willing, by dying for him, to look on the light no more:—her who now within the palace, breathing out her soul, is borne in their arms: for it is destined for her on this day to die, and to depart from life! But I, lest the pollution come upon me in the house, leave the most dear abode of the palace. And I see already at hand that fellow Death, 1 0 . oerlov yap etv^o? offtoq <wv Irvy^ctvov, Vl- dictum est: lit in Hippolyt. 1050,1363. terally, for it (namely, lXxoq,the mansion) Iphig. Taur. 486. Soph. CEdip. Colon. happened being pious, a pious man's: that 1439. iEschyl. Agam. 676. MONK. is, being the property of a pious man it was 17-18. The vulgate reading here is npious. F o r l-rjy%avoViA\dus has sTvy)(ave, -ns 30EX£ S^AVETV, with which (AMIT hardly 1 1 . Lascar edited I^ucra^uv, with one ?. makes sense, and therefore in lieu of it, M o n k says, * iiMt&tior s t n i c t u r a esset,Sv Barnes and Musgrave conjectured (jutf ippucrd^tnv fxh SavsTv, tit in O r £ s t e , v. 5 9 1 , 'in. Heath retained f^hmr — imaginiog EI fxh xEXEuVctc p£?ETaL fxt [A.h 3"av£~v: - vel in«cTT£ to be understood, lleiske amendE l e c t r a , 510, awh l^Uxe^ (^ &«VE7V.' ed the text as it now stands. 12. Molgxs doX'Mrag—having tricked the 20. •^vxoppayQv
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THE ORDER, AND ENGLISH ACCENTUATION. , SavovTwv, oq (xiKKzi Kara^eiv viv ziq $o(/.ovq 'AiSby* £e atpiKBro ^vf/.(J,er^eaq1 typovgow fyp xpv CLVTW 9-aV£iv. © A . A , a , a , a . T J eru Trgoq fxB^aQ^oiq; T t -TroXstc cru T W J E , O Ay ahxEiq, , atyopi£6[A£vo$ nai naraTFaveav rijuag ivEgoovj OVK g ngxso-e croi $ia.x.a)\vo-at /p /uopov typ£[ j gj y $6\ta) TE^VJI wXaVTt Moipaq; As vw av oVXtcraff xj-ga. ro^fi^n (ppovpuq Eiti rifo, h TOTE i, SK'Xva-a.a-a iroo-Wy auTw natq TliXiou wgoflavetv; A l l . ©apast' kx® r s ^*»>v> ) t a t JtE^voof ©A. T t epyoy ^T«t TO|<WV, et s^et? S'iJtwv 5 TRANSLATION.
priest of the dead,—who is about to waft her down to the mansions of Pluto:—and he is come exactly-to-the-time, observing this day, upon which it is destined for her to die. DEATH. [Entering, robed in Mack, with a sword in Ms hand, accosts A-
pollo.] Ha! ha! ha! ha! What doestthou at the palace? Why loungest thou here, Phoebus? Art thou again at thy deeds of injustice, abridging and obstructing the honors of the powers beneath ? Was it not enough for thee to stay the fate of Admetus, having by fraudful artifice deluded the Destinies ? But now again, armed as to thy hand with thy bow, dost thou keep guard over her, who at that time undertook, in order to redeem her husband, herself the daughter of Pelias, to die for him ? APOLLO. [With frankness and sincerity.] Be of courage: I adhere both to justice and to honorable terms. DEATH. What occasion then for thy bow, if thou adherest to justice ? 25. h$ dant 6mnes: restitui, (mon£n- middle voice, but unnecessarily; for, as te Elmsleio,) v£ram accusativi formam Monk observes, itohkoo, (when used as a U^sa, ctijus duo uitimae syllable in imam neuter \evh?)s\gmfte%,v6rsor1frequintor. coal£scunt. MONK.
30. atox£?s av; literally, Doest thou in-
26. ZvpfAErguqiCongruSnte intervallo.justice again'} Actest thou again unjustly? 28. It is to me, I must own, matter of Monk gives il attributes OY prerogatives' much surprize that'Potter or any other as the interpretation of npaq. 3 3 - 3 4 . Moigaq $o\l&
14
40. EYPiniAOY
40 An. 0A. K a t robtrie y oixot? ix.$i)tuq t An, QtiXov yoop ocvlpoq ^vptpoguTq ©A, Kal votTtpiefq pi rov^s. ctivrsgov nxpov; ^oq @ia,v a An. ©A, Tlvq hvv V7rlp yyq ear], KOV KetTa, %fiovoq', 4 5 , hv
An. 'OVTOI
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wAsoi/ y av y (xiccv ^/v^iv \& THE ORDER, AND ENGLISH ACCENTUATION.
ATI. Svvw0s? spot dei (3ao-rafav Trtura.—-©A. Fe Kai £K$Ml\ov avfyos. © A . Kai v6
TRANSLATION. APOLLO. It is habitual to me ever to bear it. DEATH. Yes—and con-
trary-to-justice, to aid these mansions. APOLLO. For I am afflicted at the misfortunes of a man who is dear to me. DEATH. And wilt thou debar me of this second dead? APOLLO. But neither took I him from thee by force— DEATH. HOW
then is he above ground, andriotbeneath the earth ? APOLLO. Having in his stead given his wife, after whom thou art now come. DEATH. And I will bear her off, too, to the land below! APOLLO. Taking her, begone: for I do not know whether I can per-
suade thee — DEATH.— to slay him whom I ought ? For this were we« commanded. APOLLO. NO : but to scatter death on those about to die! DEATH. Yes, I comprehend thy discourse, and drift. APOLLO, IS it possible then that Alcestis can arrive at old-age? DEATH. [Denyingly.] It is not: consider that I, likewise, am delight-
ed with my due honors. APOLLO. Thou canst no how, at all events, take more than one life! 40. |UV»0E? Ifxcty it is usual or customary has xfiovoi; Kara :—Musgrave, Karoo xfi forme, i. e., it is my manner. Ap611o ge47. vepTE^av uTro^Sova,—literally, under nerally carried his bow in his hand, and the nether earth:—so in the Hercules In upon no occasion did he appear without furiate, verse 335, we find Jjfw wgo$ y/u-Sf, this weapon; ^confirmation of it Monk vegrepa bua'oov %Qovi. very aptly quotes, 'n&nquam humero po- 48. SoWie of the learned have object siturusdrcum.' Hor. Carm. I I I . iv. 60. ed to av in this verse, proposing <*p* as an 43* vog-fyeie (*£> wilt thou sever me fromamendment, but unnecessarily. or wilt cause me to be destitute of? 49.The common lection is ^ , badly: 45. Monk has followed Aldus. Lascar Schaefer restored x$*
15
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TRANSLATION.
DEATH. When the young die, I reap the greater glory. APOLLO. And if she die old, she will be sumptuously entombed! DEATH. Thou layest down the law, Phoebus, in favor of the rich! APOLLO. HOW didst thou say ? But forgattest thou thyself, being the while witty ? DEATH. Those, who have the means, would purchase to did old! APOLLO.Doth it then seem good unto thee to grant me this favor? DEATH. NO, in troth: and thou knowest my ways! APOLLO. Hostile at least to mortals, and detested by the Gods! DEATH. Thou canst not have all things, which thou oughtest not! APOLLO. [Fredictingly.] Yet assuredly thou wilt relax, although thou art mighty stubborn: such a man will come to the house of Ph6res, Eur^stheus having sent him after a chariot of horses from the wintry regions of Thrace, who in fact, after being-received-a-guest in this house of Admetus, shall by force take this woman away from thee: and there will not be any obligation to thee from us,—but nevertheless thou wilt do this, and wilt be hated by me. [Exit Apollo displeased.'] 56. nr\ove-i(t}Q rcKpfoerdif she will be rich-uvoivr,—which some indeed negligently ly entombed,— alluding to the custom of render as if written OWT\ 64. % fxnv av navm, thou ivilt neverthe' interring the aged with greater magnifiless stop short—thou wilt give over or decence and pomp than the young. 67. roov ixovroov, those possessing, under- sist—thou wilt cease yet. 66-67. tWeiov o^jua, literally, a horse stand ^-pjijCAttTa, riches or wealth. 59.6T? Trapes-riyto whom there is present9 chariot, that is, a chariot and its horses, or understand xtf/tara, wealth. In this line rather, the chariot horses: namely, those for OWTVT', Aldus and his followers have of Diomede, king of Thrace,
16
72. EYPiniAOTf
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DEATH. [Sneenragfy.] Much as thou hast said, thou wilt gain nought the more! This woman, then, shall descend to the mansions of Pluto: and I am advancing on her, that I may begin the rites with my sword; for sacred is he to the Gods beneath the Earth, the hair of whose head this blade hath consecrated. [Exit Death,—proceeding with determined step in behind the royal mansion.'] 1. SEMICHORUS. [Entering from the left of the stage, the second from the right.] Why ever this stilness before the palace ? Why is the house of Adm^tus hushed-in-silence? 2. SEMICHORUS. But there is not anyone of friends near: nobody who can tell us whether we have to deplore the departed queen, or whether Alcestis,daughter of Pelias, being still alive views the light; having appeared to me and to all, to have been the best of wives to her husband! 72. Wakefield conjectured woxx' *v
17
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T H E ORDER, AND ENGLISH ACCKNTtTATlON. X O . KXuet ft? *j o-TEVay/UOv, )j XTywov ^ l ^ « v x a r a o-reyac,»? ycov, w^ TCiTC^ay^-voDV; Ov/c*av, S's OUT(? a|U<J)i7roXftJV a-rari^erai afxtyi 7r6\a<;. SI TTatav, ya^ et 4>avei>3? fAsraKv/txiot; araq. HMIX. A'. OV rot ye av sa-iuvrtov , T t ScLgTuvBi a-e.; HMIX. A'. Tlooq av A$ju,riTOt; av STfga^e Egn/uov ra<pov nehnq yvvaixos; XO^ Ae OVK OP| <w irapo'k&srnvhttvwnyaiov yipviQa^ eo$.vo(jt.i£iZTeLi ETH irvXaiq
TRANSLATION.
CHORUS. Hears any-one either a wailing—or the beating of hands in the palace,—or lamentation, as though the event-had-taken-place ? [Responsively.~\ No, indeed; nor is any of the servants stationed about the gates! [With fervour.'] O Apollo,—for I wish that thou wouldest appear amidst the waves of this calamity. 1. SEMICHORUS. They would no how, at-least, be silent, were she dead:—for certainly the corpse is not yet gone from the house. 2. SEMICHORUS. Whence this surmise? I presume not to entertain it ? What emboldens thee to think so ? 1. SEMICHORUS. HOW could Admetus have made a private funeral of his so excellent consort ?—CHORUS. But I see not before the gates the spring-water bath—as is the custom at the gates of the dead:—and in the porches there is no shorn hair, which generally falls in grief for the deceased:—the hands of women sound not for the youthful-bride ! 86-7-8. Tn most editions these three which Monk incloses in brackets. T have verses constitute two trimeter iambics, omitted it. Mnsgrave conjectured typvwith n Sfivav for n yoov. In MSS. also wefosykgfavEKvt; 1%tixoov—andMarthfae,}/^ find HMIX. prefixed to verses86 and 89. fa
105.
EYPiniAOT 105
HMIX. A'. Kft) pw roh nipiov ri
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*-H—ITHE ORDER, AND ENGLISH ACCENTUATION. HMIX. A'. Kat /OC>JV Toh xugcov n^ap—HMIX. B \ Tt TO^S a.vbctq ; HMIX. A'.—m XgiV xctTct y&itts* HMIX. B'. 'E0iye? +ux*1f> ^e ^*7 6 ? <J>gev«v. IlEvfietv, TOJV aj/aS vftjv, yjiYi ocris vevofAio'Teu yj^Ttoq &7T0 kg/yq. XO.'AXXa oy^s EO-TJ aia?, C'TTOJ, T *X^tav, w £7rt Auxtav, etTE TA? favtyovq AfA,/xaovi$aq i'^a?, 9ragaXt5o-at ^ u TTOTO/UCO; juopo? arXafist, ^E OUX E^W ETrt rivet JUJJXOQOTAV ETT* io-xv-ZW ^e»v TrapsyQa;, TRANSLATION.
1. SEMICHORUS. And yet this is the appointed clay— 2. SEMICHORUS. [Interruptingly.] What is that thou sayest? 1. SEMICHORUS.—in which she must go beneath the Earth! 2. SEMICHORUS. [With great pathosJ] Thou hast touched my soul; ay, thou hast touched my heart. To mourn, when the good are afflicted, is befitting in him who from the beginning has been accounted good! CHORUS. But there is not on the Earth any where, to which, one having sent naval-equipment,—either unto Lf cia, or to the thirsty site of Ammon's fane,—can redeem the life of the unhappy woman; for abrupt fate is approaching,—and I know not unto what one of those that sacrifice at the altars of the Gods 1 can go! 105. Aldus and most otbers have aa) I literally, the arid Ammonian seats, that is, (AW ,TO$E $h xvpiov "n[Aa% in this verse,and the xvia$a.s etyctfr 109. The Scholiast explained haxvaio117. For Tra^aXva-ai most editions have fjt.iv
19
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THE ORDER, AND ENGLISH ACCENTUATION. Xtt? AtS'ao* yag ttvia-fn 5)ua0EVTtt?, Trptv (7rXakT§ov KEpetvvtoy wypo? Ato^oXov itXe aurov. AE VW rivet. iXtti^a, Qlov in le^oa-^i'xotifxai; rap h^v irayra. TtTZkkrrai Qao-iktvo-i) Je STTI BcofxoiQ itavra>y &e<wv at/xogpcLvroi hvaiau ttXh^iq, ovfo kurt ovfcv a)to$ Kaxoov. 'AXKa. nfe i^itAi rig onadm w $6 tixora' ivt rv%riv aKova-ofxai}
TRANSLATION.
Because only if the son of Phoebus were beholding with his eyes the light, could she come,— having left the darksome habitations and the portals of Pluto:—for he up-raised the dead, before that the impact of the lightning's fire, striking him from Jupiter, cut him off. But now what hope of life can I any longer entertain ? For already has every thing been done by the king; and at the altars of all the Gods the bleeding victims are abundant—nor is there any remedy for these evils! [Looking up.] But here comes one of the female attendants from out the house, weeping! [Anxiously.] What event shall I hear? 124. $u€ou wat?, the son of Ap6llo, (viz. ci. Orestis 812, etEIe"ctrae, 4 6 5 ; JEscul&pius,) a skilful physician, who, it Ti 6adum 838, u^tafxoio, &c. Sin hoc diswas said, restored many persons to life; for which Jupiter, at the instance of Pluto, struck him dead with his thunder. 125. Monk suspected, and I think not without reason, that lixQev should be 3x0' av. H e appropriately quotes verse 926 below,—where the syntax requires a-wta-x *v, although all MSS.have owioytv. H e hints too that a-uori*? might perhaps b e more correct than O-HQTIOVS* 126. Aldus and most others have "A&* TS. Monk writes as follows: "cr£doEuripidem sumpsisse Home>icarnf6rmam, II. 4/*71,7ruXa?'Ai$&o nrspwcnw. C6rt£ ab I6nic& genitiv6rum terininati6ne in melicis non usquequ&que abstinulreTragi-
pliceat,le"gere p6ssis eA^a TS nvXcts, et in str6plrico, v e r . l i e / A ^ ^ w o ? e"^a?,quod tamen vid^turrec^pto 16nge det6rius.' J 129. TrXajtTpov vel TTX^HT^OV,pl£ctrum9\s properly the quill wherewith musicians were wont to strike the strings of their instruments; but in a wider sense it signifies wtfatever inflicts a blow or stroke. See MorelFsThesatirus, revised and enlarged by Maltby. 130. Of this line and the next w e find various readings. Aldus has vvv 51 rh&Bi-
133. |WiX£u^t,--ttie plural for the singular, as in other instances. Monk cites xotgavot;, verse 216, b e l o w : but iuaptly.
139. EYPIIIIAOY jXEy, n T I dtyTroToucTi rvy%oivsit 3"T0V' £* 8* tT Iffrlv BfA^/V^O^ yVVTJt
140
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150
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vvv Ivx^i? TE xa
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THE OHOER, AND ENGLISH ACCENTUATION. nsv0£iv ^cev, et n tvyyjviu tiecTroTalirij ^uyyvc&a-rov' $6 E( yui*)) lo-Ti ETt Sfx^vp^og9 tin ovv sXaXs, av @ov\oi[AtQa E;JEva(. © E . 'Ecrrt cro» EiVetv x a i ^djo-uv nai S-avouo-av. X O . K a t w » f a v a auTOf TE HarQctVOl Hd.1 #XE7T0l. © E . 'E
TRANSLATION.
[Feelingly.'] To weep in troth, if aught happens to our lords, is pardonable : but whether the lady be still alive, or whether indeed she has perished, we could wish to know! FEMALE ATTENDANT. [Entering—dejected and vert/ sad.~\ Thou mayest
call her both living and dead! CHORUS. And how can the same person be both dead and living? FEMALE ATTENDANT. She is already at the very point of death,—and
breathing her life away! CHORUS. \JVith pathos^ in allusion to Admetus.'] Oh wretched man, be-
ing what sort thyself of what a wife art thou bereft! FEMALE ATTENDANT. My master is not as yet sensible of that,—until
he suffer! CHORUS. IS there indeed nolonger any hopeof preservingher life ? FEMALE ATTENDANT. [Denyingly.] For the fated day assails her!
CHORUS. Are not then suitable preparations made for the event? FEMALE ATTENDANT. Yes, the pomp is ready, wherewith her husband
will inter her! CHORUS Let her know then that she will die both glorious, and by far
the best woman of all under the sun! 143. Aldus and all the eavli
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THE ORDER, AND ENGLISH ACCENTUATION. © £ . A£ iroos owe etgi^rn j As rig BvecvridocBreti £ Ti 2£g»i rnv yvva,tna, yBVBri As TTcog av rig fxaWov 6v5fct£aiTO Tt^orifxaoo'et, TfociVf n ^FB'Kovffa, vTripQaVBiv J KCM ravra. fxiv 5n 9Ta;XJJV a\o%ov9 5e ry ysvva,iov irony*
TRANSLATION.
FEMALE ATTENDANT. [Sighing.] And how not the best? But who will dispute it ? What must the woman be who has excelled her ? For t o w can anyone give more ample proof of esteeming her husband, than by being willing to die for him ? And these things, indeed, the whole city knoweth: but what she did in the house, thou wilt marvel on hearing. For when she perceived that the destined day was come, she washed her delicate skin with water from the river; and having taken from her wardrobes of cedar a vesture and embellishment, she attired herself becomingly ; and taking her station before the altar, she prayed thus:— " 0 Mistress, (for I am going below the Earth,) falling prostrate before theefor the last time of all, Ivnll beseech thee to protect my orphan children; and to the one indeed join a loving wife, and unto the other a noble husband: 153. rlq havrleaverai; Who Will content 1 6 0 — 1 . v$ao-i itorafxioiq "KBvv.lvX^ or dispute it ? IVho will maintain the con- a-a.ro, literally,—she washed her white skin trary'} IVho will oppose or gainsay it. with river waters. It is mentioned of S6154. Haec verba, licet minime obscti- crates that just before he drank the poira, nemo inte'ipretum reete cepit. Ves- sonous juice of the hemlock, he washed tas, What must the woman be who has sur--himself; and this custom, as well as that passedher? Viiorum doctoiiim corjectu- of appearing in full dress, was, on the aprassileo. MONK. ' proach of sure death, extremely preva158. For Suv/xaa-si several copies have lent among the ancients.—'Ex xe>W £ou $a,v/j.a,e-tu;i or else ^a-v^kaBm. Sed," says fxm,from cedar chests or closets. Monk,*'&a't//ua£M futilrum h&bet ha.v(A.a.- 164>.Uo-iroiva,,mistress,\\z. the Goddess c-ofjt.a.i,xion$a.vf*a.,—Mtiltasunt verba, 'Eo-ri* or V6sta,—whose altar was in the qna? futura forma? mediae, nusquam afi- innermost part of the house. 166. The Scholiast explains l^avBva-ai teoi active, apud A tticoss<em,adsefscunt." Of this class he instances the fol- by op^avor^o
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THE ORDER, AND ENGLISH ACCENTUATION. Sbmeg h tsuova'a avtocv a.iroX'hvfJtaiy'Trafoat; atugovg ^huv^aXKct ev^ai/xovag £v /3 iravrai @di)fA.wq, ot x a r a ^o/c*ouj A5/ut«T0y, 7rpooio>jv TrropQaw fxv^o-ivnq9 ttX^auo•T0J, a^-TEvaXTO?, owJe TO ITTJOV ^ p^pwroff. Kai iitsvva. uo-irzffovo-a, $ra\ct[A,ov9 xai XE^O?> £VT«u0a J»j 6, xa» hiyst rctte' SI XExrpov, evQa iyoo €hvobovvcti as, aai vo' $&
nor, like as I their mother perish, let my children untimely die; but happy in their paternal land enable them to complete ajoyous life," And all the altars, which are in the house of Admetus, did she go unto and crown; and she prayed, tearing the leaves off from the boughs of myrtle, without-shedding-a-tear, without-utteri;>g-a-groan; nor did the approaching calamity alter the beautiful complexion of her skin! And afterwards having sped to her chamber, and her bed, she there at length wept, and speaks thus:— " 0 bridal bed, whereon I loosed my virgin zone with this man for whom I die, farewell: for I hate thee not! but me alone hast thou undone: for loth to betray thee, and my husband, I die:—but thee will some other female possess,—more chaste indeed not, but per adventure more fortunate" 168. rEKouc-cL seems here usurped sub- 174. axXaucTTo?, ac-TEvaxros, Monk renstantively, for^T»jp,—else avtZv should ders, "fltiibus et suspiriis c&rensj* and he be avrovsj—the proper regimen of ;nihcati6nem admittere. thority of three MSS., the common lec177. Some contend forxaXsyev id lieu tion is kiroWvrAi. of xat Xe^E^dislikinu an aorist and a pre170. For TEgwvov UwiMaru Qlw, Wake- sent tense coupled together, as i2£axgws field edited TEp/wov* Ix7rX>j<7aj Blovf badly. and \tyei are in the verse before us :-yet 173. All MSS. have ^v^a-ivZv
AAKH2TI2. 184.
-ll-l
K.W&?
-"1- I I - - I HM - I I - -1 w w -II- -1 TTO?;A«. VOLXOLIAOV splover
II 1 i 11
liTEcrTfiuQvip
w 'II
190
ii
1 W-II--I w 11—1
11—I
II ahhov, OIXITGU
lnoicrTU,
%ovt\q
uq §a.vov[/,svv) HUTO,
w -j|v - w
(TTs
i)v ovru KCCXQq,
"lr 1w —
-ii-i
195
^ ""II—1w i
r"lh" r i l
r I
1 II—
\v oixoic lo-riv , ov iror ov tehy
I-H-l-llIw-llwlw
w w lw —
llw -
r II r Ir
THE ORDEK, AND ENGLISH ACCENTUATION. Ae iP^otrititvova-a xiJve*" ^£ Trav S'l/uvtov Sfuerat ©$0ttfyA,0T£ywr<» w\nf*fA.v£iosit Ae iVfit sfpje xogov £;^£{ vpavuiTrng BKTTBs-ova-a $if&vioev. Kai TfoWa E^iova~a S'aX ;rwv. AE
And falling upon it she kisses it: and the whole bed was soaked with the tide that flowed from her ej'es. But when she had satiety of many tears, she proceeds hastily-forward, making-ofF from the couch. And often after quitting the chamber did she return; and again and again she threw herself upon the bed. And her children, clinging unto the garments of their mother, wept r and she, taking them in her arms, embraced them—first one, and then another, as being about to die! And all the servants were weeping about the house, commiserating their mistress: and she to each one outstretched her hand,—and there was none so abject, whom she addressed not, and was answered in turn. [Sighing and sobbing.] Such are the distresses in the house of Admetus! And had he died he would indeed have perished: but having escaped death, he has grief to that degree which he will never forget! 184. Wakefield suggested HOVE"for the gain," although simply "again" may be ttuvBi of editions,—and tevsrat in the next the strict meaning, waXtv being added to verse for JEUETO. Person quotes HWBI and strengthen auBig. Indeed we sometimes tev'srai, at verse 1138 of the Med£a. m e e t w i t h avQig av naXiv Or av WaXtVav9igt 185. h^a.\fxoriyKr(p 7r\npfJt,vt>i$iy by in~ where "often again'1 is implied. undation issuing from the eyes. «191. Monk has'iitXaovhere, as well as 187. Trzovooirrisrfratceps. This word wasin verse 193,—and he is consistent elsenoticed at verse 144 above. where, following Porson's newer Attic 188. no^Xa, i7fB
24
2 0 0 . EYPIIIIAOY V
XO."Hflroy o*T£va^6» ro\
A ^ « ? T O ? KUKOTS,
200
lo-fi^S? yvvouxoq U crTEgiiQrivai atyi ftp*)',
- -
-II -II
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V —
w-||w-
0 E . KhccUi y, a.
1
XCLi [XT} ITPQOQVVOU Ai<
II
w-Hw-
0ivsi ya%, KM) v
oq
v* ^£ X»& "fo"> &*P >
2 0 5
'E, XfltiTTS^ CTfJUKfOV SfAWVSOVO' £ T » ,
210
j/xt, xa* CTJJV a
\J —
11
-11-II- -II-11- -II--II- -II- w - - |Iw- -I | I| -- - | u .\r
oi; y a £ T» TTCCVTES lv (p^ovovcn
V W w —
!v-
i' H ^ II 1-1 - rI-IIw
- -
av f IT tjruXocio<;
I-II-
THE ORDER, AND ENGLISH ACCENTUATION. OU Ai'/WflTo; e-rzvafa roio-itit Hanoi;, Et
t ^Xe^ai irpoq raq avyag n\iovt iff OUTTOTE «US
TRANSLATION.
CHORUS. Surely Admetus groans at these ills, if that he must be bereft of his excellent wife ? FEMALE ATTENDANT. Yes, he weeps,—holding his dear spouse in his
arms; and he implores her not to leave him,asking impossibilities: for she droops, and is wasted away by sickness! But fainting, a wretched burden on his arm, yet still, though breathing only feebly, she is fain to look upon the rays of the orb of day,—as never again, but now for the last time, about to behold the beam and face of the sun ! But I will go, and announce thy presence : for it is in nowise all who wish well to their lords,—so as in their afflictions to come kindly unto them:—thou, however, art of old a friend to my master. [Exit Attendant, repairing into the palace. ] 200. Lascar, Aldus, and some others tion of this line and the next, are, fyrxv* have roXa-tv, and Musgrave, whom Monk <J>0tvei ya.% xa.) [Aagalvereu, voa-ca 7ragsifjt,evti ye, has followed, TOTO-IF, I have always re- X^ik ei6\iov $a.^og, Elmsley was of opinion garded this word as wrongly accented in that a verse is wanting after #apoc, and in editions,—forasmuch as the antepenult this sentiment Monk indeed appears to of no Greek word whatever cau carry a accord with him. circumflex. Barnes, from mere conjec207. Instead of &\i-\,a.i nfiq avykq hxlcv, ture, gives US <7T£VafEt* oTcriV. w e meet in several editions with K\e4>ctt 202. ForxepoXv <jntav, Wakefield edited j^os-BLvykq h\iov, to steal glances of the swt, ^s^oTv
204. Matthias reading and punctua- a veteranfriend— afriend of long standing.
AAKHSTIS. 214. XO. 'ico ZBV' T»S ot.v ira. iro^oq ttcotay ysvoiro,
[Zrpotpy a ' . ]
KM) Xvcris ^Xoc<*>
215
et itot,pia>ft\ xoipaivQtq ', *E%tlffl
T»? J
ti TEfJLU Tpi^Cly
-
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V
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w w -
w -
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220
r
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225
w_
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230
- -
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xoci Trocpoq yug Tot^' tsq' • ex. SOLVUTOV yenov,
LIccTTcct (pev, iraircu (ptv ico iu
JS'
-l-ll-lTHE OKDER, AND ENGLISH ACCENTUATION. XO. 'l<w Zsu' Tiff wogoff Jtaxwv, xat Xwo-tff T ^ a ? , a ira^ia-ri. xoLgavoK; av TTA ysvotTo; Tovtov' Ai^av. TlaWcu <J>ey? itaitai <J>gu" tw* t » ' <w TTCU Osg^TOff, oia ETrpafaj crrtg>50£<$ o*a^
TRANSLATION.
CHORUS. O Jupiter! what means of escape from these evils, and deliv-v erance from the fortune that attends my master, can there in any way be ? WiU'any arise ? Or must I shear my locks, and clothe me ere long in the sable array of garments? It is indeed plain, my friends; yes it is plain! but nevertheless let us pray unto the Gods—for the power of the Gods is most mighty! \KneelingJ\O\ king Apollo, devise some remedy for the afflictions of Admetus:—administer it even now, administer it, seeing-that aforetime thou devisedest this: become our deliverer from death, and stay the murderous Pluto. [Rising up.] Hey! alas! hey! alas! wo! wo! O son of Pheres, how thou hast fared—being reft of thy wife! 214. In Aldus and in many later edi219. Matthiae has here a/u$<€aX tions we find wax; for no.. Matthias's lec- Sri, contrary to the metre: Lascar,a G*xx«/t*60«, equally bad. tion is & ZED, vr£>q AV iri^c; KCMZV— 220. In several editions this verse and 216. Musgrave(and with the concurrence of two MSS.) edited ira^anv and the remainder of the strophe are assigned Hoifoioio-iv. Although I have given '* was- to the Female Attendant,—who is at tei"in the singular as the translation of this time in the palace. 226. Monk says, " fort&sse l e ^ n d u m xo^avot?, yet both " master and mistress'1 TOUT' pro TO5$\" At the end of this line, are in the original word, implied. 217. In most editions (nay I believe, he, in unison with the bulk of MSS. has in all—with the exception of Erfurdt's xat vvv, an addition he justly censures. 229. Sever; 1 different readings of this and Matthias's,) the reading is s&io-b Teg>iToc, namely, Admttm. array of sable garments.
232. ETPII1IA0Y at
TUV yccp ov (piXav, ocXhoo yvvxTxa,
235
- w - w-||- w - w -
y
KQITQUVOVCTCLV \V
OL^UTl TU)^ £(7O\J/Et. t iOO'J
K
IO0V
A'
a$' IK Sof/.ui/ $y HOC) iroa-iq
240 yvvcxXytcc [xupenvoisvoci> vdaco
I'
Kocra. yoiv, ^oviov
0
f
itctp ' A i ^
245
- !-*
TOV S7TBITO, XfiQVOV (3toT£V(rBl.
THE ORDER, AND ENGLISH ACCENTUATION. At,at" ra^e a^t* xat ^-<}><»ya^ HCII irhiov n irz'h&o-o'cu Je^av oupavtw 8^o^a>' yag ov tetv iXT«tTav yuvaMtt, ev TWJE afxan eo-Q-^ei KarBavovcav, 'ibov* &ou' fife hi vropEvErai Ken waenq gK, SofAoov. Boac-ov, a; o-Tgva^ov, a> egttia X&vv9 Apicrretv yvvctiKct (XxpaivofASVciv yorca Kara yav Traga yQwiw'AtJctv. OUTTOT £ ^§«u'vE»v wXeov « XUWEJV, T£X/uatpo/t*EVOff T S TOtff Wct^oiSev, Hat XEiJ(ra-a>v racrS'E Tu^a? fiaaLXeoogf orris a.TT'Kaittuv rr\ff^t a^lrrtiq aXoj£Ot/j (HioriV' an rov %p6vov entire/, aGidbrov.
TRANSLATION.
Alas! alas! These things would be sufficient cause even for self-murder—and there is more than for which to thrust one's neck into the suspending noose: for not a dear, but a most dear wife wilt thou this day see dead! [Looking opportunely towards the palace\] Behold,-— behold: she is now coming, and her husband, from out the house! Cry out, Oh! bewail, O land of Pheres, the best woman upon Earth, wasted down by sickness for subterranean Pluto! Never will I aver that marriage brings more joy than grief,—forming my conjectures both from prior events,—and on observing thisfortune of the king ; who when he has lost his most excellent consort, will live a life thereafter, not worthy to be called life! 232. a£ta KCU o-tycLyaq Ttt&E, worthy these W. Elmsley conjectured KM $b irons, and things even of slaughter. Blomfield ^ « (^<w) iroa-iq, 233. Every edition (I believe) before 241. Monk edited [rav] u^io-rav: Gaisthat of Musgrave, lias Trxeiov, against the ford and Matthiae, agiVrav ravtie* I have metre. For ^s^av all have H^v. followed Erfurdt. 234.7rEXa
. 250. AAKHXTIE.
-II- " I ovpc&vi&i r e w-|v-||AAMHT02. ovalv §eov<; Sgoicrc A A . TuTci r e , X.O.)
--IH--HH" Teycu, ['APT. /3'.] "255 -i-Hi-i*; u u -l|w -I v
-I--II"
-I-II--I-II-I-l-ll-l-ll-l-
TJji' w TaA
AA.
C
oga
0
7
y .J 260
VEKVGJV
I
II
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p y
i7' Ti
THE ORDER, AND ENGLISH ACCENTUATION. AA.WAX(E, V.OLI <paogtt|Ot£^a?,TE ovgavicii Sivai bgofxctiou vstyE'hac,—A A.—Spa
TRANSLATION.
ALCESTIS. [Entering with languid step, attended by her two children^ and leaning on her husband's arm.~\ O Sun, and thou light of day, and ye heavenly eddies of the fleeting clouds—ADMETUS. [Most sorrowfully^ Beholds thee and me, two creatures wretchedly circumstanced,—having done nought unto the Gods, for which thou shouldest die! ALCESTIS. [Piteously.] O Earth, and ye roofs of the palace, and thou bridal bed of my native Iolcos—! ADMETUS. Cheer thyself up, O hapless one, leave me not: but entreat the powerful Gods to have pity! ALCESTIS. [Deliriously,'] I see, I see the two-oared boat: and the ferryman of the dead, holding his hand upon the boat-hook:—Charon even now calls to me:—'' Why dost thou delay ? 253. The nominative to opa, (as Monk 260. Several MSS. have b tipva after observes,)is«Xia?, beingthe substantive crna<pog. Lascar omitting the second o^SJ, first mentioned by Alcestis.—Auo )ta>t£s e d i t e d s i m p l y : opaJ ^IKOOTTOV o-xa<pog h \lf/,va., TesTT^ayorag, two wretchedly circumstanced 262. Charon was ferryman upon the creatures—two persons in woful plight. Stygian lake, and transported the souls 257. Musgrave from MSS. edited *&. of the dead across the sable rivers Styx 7£UCL<;. Aldus has TraT^ac, which the me-and Acheron. His boat, which was ever tre requires.—Monk, with reference as afavoritesubjpct with the poets, is three well to this verse as to the two before it, times mentioned in this play: viz.here, says:—" si cui t£uti visuin erit, aliter hi and in verses 371 and 451, below. Matversus distribui poternnt:— thiae encloses x»g«v in brackets, intimating that he thought, as Monk seems also to have thought, that this wt>rd did not i, vvf*
26
264. EYPiniAOY *a^E. To*a
V cv
i
265
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a.
Ml-
0
L w w |l t i / -
otpgvcn y.va,yot,vy£
7
l-il-lTi ^e|£Kj -uw
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275
W»}'
x^tvaTE' f&\ ov cbivu irocrU*
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THE OROBK, AND ENGLISH ACCENTUATION. ETTEI'J/OI;* (TV naLrsigyBti; T«.£E' rota o-7F£p%6[A,£Vo<; ta^yvu* AA. OlfAOl' WMgav vavuXnpiAV fxai ys TWVJE EXE^a^. i l ^UT^UI/XOV, oia. ira.o")(Q(A.tv, A A* 'Ayfit (At, Tiq uysi fxe (oyjt opa.q\) SQ avXetv vsxva>V me^dc'ros 'Ai^ag ^XETTWV OTTO xva.va.vy£Pi 6£?. *Otav o^ov a ^EtXatoTflTa Tr^o^at'vo;. AA. OIKT^CCV oiq $n TOJE vivdo; £v w. A A. M60ETE /CXE, ^ fjLsQere' ttxivare pe, ov o-Qzvv won* f AiJ*f 7TX»io-t0Vj JE fl-xoria vy{ i£7Tt QO'&Oi&l •
TRANSLATION.
? / TAow detaincst me here"—With such words vehement he accelerates me! ADMETUS.Woes my heart! A bitter voyage unto me at least this thou hast mentioned! Ah! hapless one, what we suffer! A LCESTIS. He pulls me—some one pul Is me (dost thou not see ?) to the
hall of the dead: the winged Pluto staring from beneath his dusky eyebrows ! [^5 if speaking either to Pluto or to Chdron.~\ What wilt thou do ? Loose thine hold ! [To Admetus.'} What a journey am I (most wretched) going! ADMETUS. A mournful one to thy friends—and of these especially to
me, and to thy children, unto whom this grief is now in common! ALCESTIS. Desist supporting me, even now desist: lay me down,—I
have no strength in my feet: death is at hand, and darkling night creeps in upon mine eyes! [Here Alcestis sinks down upon a couchin front of the palace, and Admetus continues most attentive to her.~\ 269.Wakefield imagined Xav should ral subsequent editors thoughtlessly adbe tXetv—and be contrasts the remainder opted :—TSV is here put for rovrw. *'Arof the sentence with Homer, II. A'.528, ticulum," says Monk, u pro pron6mine 5, acu xv&vtyffiv lir* o^^vcri VELJCE Kpoviccv. | oZrog vel IXETVOC sequ^ntibus /AEV,$E\ et yap 272. The common reading is ripiZug; licuit omnibus script6ribus adhibere. on which Monk says: " n£scio an prae^ 277.Vdlgo iroa-i—v(§rtunt tamen intersens pi(v rtfisquam usurparint Attici." preter quasi scriptum esset 7ro
29
AAKHSTI2. 280. > "T I
Xccipovrt;,
S rsttva,
TO^E (poioq ofjcir
I
i
ww||-ww-||-
I
i
v wll— — w wlj-
«
I
285
it^ovvon*
..II II aXX
llnu. II
ocv I*»J
- - v w||- - w v||.
-.-II
290
1
II-
ctvcc, To svKy ovair
II 11
II
w w[|- u v - I I
AA.'A^pijO', opa? yap Ta/xa w
\J —
—
TCtpQV
-1-
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not,) irot,vro$ \^Q\ Sotvocrov [JLE7£OV. M»J, irgoq crl Seoov, TA>K JXE
.w||--ww||.
i
A A . 'oifAoi' rotf swot hvir^ov ocxova,
>
i i
i
280
tin,
y
TSKV\ ovxhi
295
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II
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1 11
THE ORDER, AND ENGLISH ACCENTUATION. tf, rUvetf ovueri JJJ, OVKBTI hi ecrn ^rnp o-v 0-6,rXtjff it£oliovvat fxs' ftrif ftpoqirafcwv, oi/g otyuneis' aXXa ava,tr6\fxet' ya,£ eovty&ifxevw;,ovutrt av sinvte EV »ff, Svnimoo xntBp O-BQBV, wapov poi fjtrt &avEtv*
TRANSLATION.
[Gazing affectionately on her little son and daughter,"] My children, my children, no longer now,—no longer now have ye a mother. [Stretching out both her hands.] Faring happily, O children, may ye view the light! ADMETUS. [Sighing most deeply.] Woes my heart! I hear this afflicting speech,—and more to me than any death! [ With entreaty.] Do not, by the Gods I implore thee, have the cruelty to forsake me: do not, by these children, whom thou wilt render orphans :—but rise, be of good courage,—seeing-that, thee dead, I should no longer be,—for on thee depend we both to live and not:—because thy love we adore! ALCESTIS. [Seriously and composedly.'] Admetus, (for thou perceivest
in what condition my affairs are,) I wish to tell thee, ere I die, what I would have done:— " / testifying my regardfor thee, and causing thee at the price of my life, to view the light, am about to die for thce, it being in my power not to die: 282. Vliigd interpretdntur," UUi hoc liimen intueammi;" debebant, •' virile et valtte." Partiripium ^aipwv hanc hab£re potestatemjampridfeni monuiad Hipp6lyti ver. 1438. H a b e t ^ Lascaris: o§«TOV 6mnes:—sedpraeclare ost&ndit Elmsleina ad Aristophanis Acharn. ver. 773, secundani pers6namdualem ntinqnam a
(nam rx?/u; et rXa<» non 6xstant,) valet *8ustin6re,'—cmae quidem significatio lat^ se ext endit: est enim *' sustinfoe, to endure" non obstante vel periculo, vel pud6re, vel supe"rbia, vel do!6re animi, vel miseric6rdia. MONK. —For tlie v^t of the learned editor's note, see his own editfon.Aldus's reading of this verseisa\-
t6rtiadiv^rsamfn!sse. MONK.
285. In lien of vfis a-l S-ECDV, Aldus has w^a; TS» Se«v, which Porson condemns/
291. In Lascar's text ykp is wanting.
293. lytu ai 6nines:—irpta%Bvov*a. idem 2J87. rqXiUttVjnec alit^r aoristus r\mai, valetac^orifxZa-a, ver. 156. M O N K .
296.
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w-IL- w-llw-l Ir ACCENTUATION.
^ tv avS'jtt ©e«rcraXa)V, ov «0eXov, xat vaietv ScZfAct 6\£iov Ti^aWi^, oy t aov \w op<pavoia-i Train* QV$E E?Ka.rBa.VEtv, Je KOLKOOI; ataeai TTat^a, xa< 3"av£iv EVHXEMS' yap va-Qa fxdvoq avroiq' KO,I thins nv OIITII;, crou KarQavovrog, ipiTurBtv aXXa TEKVa, Kai T £ iyoo av £^<wv, aai ov TOV XoiTrov p^govov, Ha; OVK av E«rTSV£f (AOVwQtiq ens &*fxa^roq, nai wptyaytvEt; iral^aq. 'AXXa Taura /uev TJ? S'gwv £^£7r^a^g w^T£ £^£*V oyTfi^f. EiEV*
&«^, although I might have married a husband from among the Thessdlians, (whom I would,) and hqve inhabited a pala.ee blest with regal-sway, yet was I not willing to live bereft ofthee,with my orphan children: neither spared I myself, though possessing the gifts ofyouth, in which I had delight. And yet he that begat thee, and she who bare thee, forsook thee; although they had arrived at a time of life, indeed, when they might well have died, and have nobly delivered their son—and have expired with glory: for thou wast their only child,—and hope was there none that, when thou wert dead, they could have other children! And then I could have lived, and thou,—the remainder of pur days; and thou wouldest not be groaning deprived of thy wife?—and have had to rear thine orphan children ! But these things, troth, hath some one of the Gods brought about, that it should be thus! [With great resignation.] Be it so: do thou, however,remember to make me a return for this,—seeing I shall never, indeed, ask theefor an equal one, 296. avSga TE cxtiv,—understand irapov come to them of life, i. e.,fhey being arrived fAoi, repealed from the foregoing verse, i at that advanced age. it was in my power (or rather, it is in my 305. <j>imiW editi6nes ante Musgrapower)to have a husband, that is, after thy vium,—reclamante metro: nemo, enim, decease, by suffering Hue to die if I choose \ h6die Barn£sium audiet—docliitem
31
AAKHSTIS. 312.
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w-j- I I - " 1 -ii-i
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H
315 ova-
S(JLOV yvvY),
1
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renvoiq,
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II
II
320
rsnvoiq
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ll
II
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ru era ira.T(>\ \
w
ir^QaQochova'.oc Khyi
325
Ov yoip at ^iryip ovrs vvptpsvcrsi wore,
r
lw-!l- 1 II
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p
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rotq 7rpo<j&i £%i$vvi<; o Kcc) irotX<; (t\v ccpayv
III
-II-I -II-w
ccaviq TuvToi y , ourovpoih cr lyai' yug n 'inovact,
w —
w-H- -1w - l ! w
ov% viceroy % 'yu TTUTCIOK;, WICIQ \V ty^anTs*
ifAriq TOKT^E (jLVjTgVioiv
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II
THE ORDER, AND ENGLISH ACCENTUATION. v s<Ti ifUuiTegov 4 u x » ? ' ^s JiKaict, a>? o-y <pr)<7£i<;' yap 0oviw ?rgo ^ o-oltrt Train xai sfAoig, Mn
TRANSLATION.
(for nothing is more precious than life,) but a just one,—as thou wilt confess:—for thou lovest these children not less than I do, if thou employest thy mind aright:—them bring thou up lords of my house, and introduce not by a second marriage a stepmother over these youngsters,—who, being a lesskindly woman than 1, will through envy stretch forth her hand against thy children and mine. Do not then this at least, I beseech thee: for a stepmother supervening by a second marriage is an eriemy to the children of the former one,—in nowise milder than a viper! [Reconciledly to her little son.] And my manly boy in troth has his father, a mighty tower of defence: but [Embracing her little daughter most affectionately.] thou, Omy child, how wilt thou be happily trained during thy virgin years? Chancing to meet with what sort ofwoman forconsort to thy father? [Sighing heavily.] Oh! may she not, by casting some evil obloquy upon thee, destroy thy nuptials in the bloom of youth! For neither will thy mother ever attend thee'at thy wedding, 316. »ai /M-W ^itiyhfAYiq ro~cr$s (jwrgviav TEfind after this verse the following, being woiq, and bring not in by another marriage a repetition (with very slight alteration) a stepmother over these children. Monk re- of verse 196, above:—ov Hal v^oa-siTrs ttal marks : — " eadem potest&te adhibe* tur wgoo-sftnBn itaKiv. Matthize put it b e t w i x t lirX, ve*rsu 3 8 3 , [** ya^v
&Xknv TTOTE yvvaX-
brackets, as being suspicious if not spu-
x?l<$ bfjtXv: n e e dissimili in Ore*ste, 582, rious, and Monk has cancelled it. lu yap littya(jt,u iroasi Trocrtv. Med. 692, yv- 323. Monk says," fort&sse legendum s i t , m rsmov, itwq f/.oi Hp%tvQiuT£i naXooq;"
324. Reiske gives Waff for woiaq, and who, {which stepmother) being a worse wo- iu the next verse n a-ot for yiM o-ct. Kuinoel man than myself,—being less humane and has no point o f interrogation until after affectionate than I have been. 'c The Attics, Monk tells us, used and o-vfryoq indiscriminately. 322. Inmost if not in all editions we 3 1 7 . r\nq, Hanioov ova-'hfxov yvvn, v e r b a l l y ,
328. EYPiniAOY OVT U roKQKTi coTci wetgovcr\
PET,
TEXVOV,
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335
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xat Quaav nx >
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THE ORDER, AND ENGLISH ACCENTUATION. g l , T6XV0V, TTltgOVO'Ct EV 3*61 {AS h&' VBiV Hal T O h aanov ovx i^BT&i (AOI Biq cLvgiov, ovfo uq rgLrnv fAnvo^ aKKct avrixct ^Ofjtat tv roiq ouxert o'jari. XaigovTEq EvfyawoLaQE' xou rot /xev ecrif TtoTi9 KOfA.irao'a.i Xa£e*v agia-rw yvvuiitu, h ufxiv9 <7raihq, £H7r£uJtevctt f^hr^oq, X O . ®a.^pev»v. A A . T<x$t ierrat, Ba-ra.ii fxn r^ia-nq' irtti Eyoo BI^OV O-E xai J ^ crav} Ken Savovcra HBK\h
TRANSLATION.
nor strengthen thee, my daughter, being present at thy accouchements9where nothing is more kind than a mother. Because I must die:—and this calamity comes not upon me to-morrow, nor on the third day of the month, but forthwith shall I be numbered among those who are no more! [Taking the children by the hand.] Faring happily may ye have joy: [To Admetus.] and thine indeed it is, my husband, to boast having had a most excellent wife, and yours, my children, that ye were born of a most excellent mother." CHORUS. [TO Akestis exhortingly.] Be of courage: for I fear not to an-
swer for him:—he will do these-things if he be not reft of his senses. ADMETUS. [Greatly affected."] It shall be so, it shall,—be not afraid:
for*since I possessed thee when alive, so when thou art dead thou shalt be my only wife,—and no Thessalian bride shall ever address this man [Pointing to himself] in the place of thee :—there is not [With an air of the mostfixeddetermination.] a woman who shall,—either of so noble a sire, or otherwise most exquisite in beauty. 3 3 1 . hq TgiTwv jctnvo?,—with allusion to MSS, aud editions, is the emendation of persons capitally condemned, who were Barnes. From the Scholiast's interpreobliged to drink of the poisonousjuice of tation OVK sv\a£ovfxai, it is probable that the hemlock within three days, at most, Ivx a£o/uat was the reading in his time. after senteuce was passed on them. The 341. ro»y avtya pro ifjLB: notissimae cirAttics,indeed, more frequentlyjoined h- cumlocutffinis ex6mpla h&bes in h&c trafxEgav with r£tT>jv,but yet in the common goedtfl, vv. 706,735,1103,1113.— Simlanguage of Greece it was customary to pliciter Tofts'pro 1/^,752,1109. MONK. say hq rprnv,—hptyav being understood. 343.For lAtrpmo-rfrn some few MSS. 333. xaizovrtq it^airoio-flg, freely,/are have it/wg67recrTaTu. See Person's note at ye well and be tuippy. See v. 282, above. verse 564 of the Hlcttba. Instead of«\336. Ivx ZfrfAai, for the ou fy f Xooq Wakefield edited aX
AAKHETIE. 344.
33
BsoTq ytvscr&cci' aov yocp ovx. wvyifx&Qa. 0*0*0 81 vrsvftcx; ova tricnQii ro cbv, uXK eq T uv oiieov hvpoq uvri^io, yvvou arvyuv fxh % //,' erixrtv, Ixfiuiguv & Ip x.' Xoycp yag ricra,v, ova sgyy, (piX
350
5', uvr^ovcra. ry<; zjjwq ra ttHTois. 'A(>a> pot
o-eQ
Te, fAovcroiji $\ S XOC Ov yoi() TTOT' OVT av fiagQirov Siyoif QVT OLV (p^iv l%ccipoi[xi Kpoq AiQvv ha ocvXov' av yocp [A,ov TEP^IV l^si^ov jSt *£o(pr)
OS % £ * § * TEKTOVUV
<$E[AO(,$ TO CTQV
hxourQsv h 7\sx.T(>oia\v E THE ORDER, AND ENGLISH ACCENTUATION. As vru&Mv aXt?* raovS'e sv^ofj^at 9"iot? yEvicrQcLi. ovrio-iv' yap crov ova wvvfAsQa. Ae ro aov TTBVQOI; oi rja'av "koycpy ovx. i^yoa^
TRANSLATION.
For of children I have enow:—of them I pray the Gods there may be enjoyment to me: because thee we enjoy not. \_Weeps with bitterness.] But this sorrow for thee [ Wringing his hands distressed^.} shall I feel, not for a year, but as long, Olady, as my life endures,—detesting her for troth who brought me forth, and hating my father:—for they were in word, not in deed, my friends! But thou, by giving what was dearest to thee for my life, hast rescued me! [Sobbing very deeply.] Have I not reason, then, to groan at being in thee deprived of such a spouse? But I will put an end to the feasts, and to the meetings of those-whodrink-together, and to the garlands,—and the song, which was wont to dwell in mine house! For neither can I, ever any more, touch the lyre; nor lift up my heart to sing to the Libyan lute:—for [Shedding aflood of tears.] thou hast taken away from me the joy of life. But, by the skilful hand of artists imaged, shall thy figure be extended on the bridal bed : below. Hesychius rightly explains it by, 346. lla-ca JE nevQo? IVK Irrnriov ro 3? £<wifc xyovoq. nual, that is, I will not lament for thee du349. Monk notices how very similar ring the short space of a single year. For TO in meaning this passage is to verse 281 of o-ov, most editors (Lascar and one or two the Orestes.' others, indeed, excepted) have rofo. The 356. Wakefield conjectured l ^ a ^ , ancients generally set apart a greater or which Elmsley greatly approved. Most less number of months to mourn for de- editions,before Musgiave's,havel^apoiceased relatives, according to the proxi- pi,faultily. On XttaeTv,Monk says : "hoc mity of relationship. verbum, quod apud Tr&gicos frequenti347. atwv, life or life-time—the period of us dicitur de can£ntibus vaticinia, mine human existence;—so again in verse 490, significat cantare ad tibiarn."
360. EYPiniAOY •fat, ovopa,
Y.QLKWV crov, ryv
1
360
II
ccyy.oc\j
1
II 11
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1"
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365
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T H E ORDER, AND ENGLISH
1I-- - I I "
w—
ACCENTUATION.
w vrpoc-TretrovfAai, xxt Tn'^wrvoroov XHat>y **^ ft ' v °"cv ovcjua, £o£<w ep^fitv TWV iX»jv ywaU& By ayxaXuiq, KaiTrs? ova £^<wv* -^v^av ri^iv fA.eVfOifA.ai' aXke. Zfxtoqtiv a.iraVT'hQmv (Sago; •vf't^w?* 3*6 tyoiTobira fie sv oveipa
