Adhesives & Sealants Industry September 2011

September 2011 • Volume 18, Issue 9 • www.adhesivesmag.com

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Application Optimization

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Adhesives for Architectural PVC

18 below in Chicago. Super De-icer. Dreams take flight. NuSil Technology.

New ways to get from here to there. Silicone-coated aircraft wings that, one day, will enable planes to take off in extreme, icy conditions. Ultra-low-outgassing products that decrease volatility and increase longevity in outer space. Whatever your needs, the scientists at NuSil are dedicated to helping innovators innovate. As the leader in silicone solutions with nearly 30 years of aerospace experience, we can provide you with precise, custom formulations that make your ideas take off. What? When? Where? If it’s NuSil, it’s no problem.

©2010 NuSil Technology LLC. All rights reserved. ASI0410-A

What’s your challenge? www.nusil.com/asi USA +1-805-684-8780 Europe +33 (0) 4 92 96 93 31

Now, with a Ross Double Planetary Mixer you can mix materials up to 8 million centipoise.

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INNOVATION = VALUE COATINGS:

Go ‘green’ with innovative binder and additive technologies.

ADHESIVES & SEALANTS:

Conserve energy in production and product use.

ELASTOMERS:

Formulate with alternative raw materials, and do it competitively.

YOUR CUSTOMERS DEMAND ENVIRONMENTALLY-FRIENDLY PRODUCTS. LET UNIVAR SHOW YOU HOW YOU CAN GO GREEN. Univar supplies the CASE industry with much more than a comprehensive line of sustainable ingredients — we can provide you with an innovative approach to your green formulation challenges, offering you technical expertise from concept to production. Consider Univar your partner in sustainable product development. We connect you to the latest materials and technologies, and help you bring environmentally-friendly products to market. Innovation, sustainability, expertise — it all adds up to value.

INNOVATION > TECHNICAL EXPERTISE > MARKETING > SALES > LOGISTICS > DISTRIBUTION

1.877.203.0045 | [email protected] www.univarcorp.com

IN THIS ISSUE ADHESIVES & SEALANTS INDUSTRY, VOLUME 18, NUMBER 9

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DEPARTMENTS

STRATEGIC SOLUTIONS Several important factors can help when identifying and executing a strategy to successfully grow the top line.

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Editor’s Memo

WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE?

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Company News

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Calendar

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What’s New

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Product and Literature Showcase

A new class of polymers harnesses polyester degradability, as well as solvent-free polymerization techniques, which can essentially lower production costs.

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Services Marketplace

ACRYLIC PRESSURE-SENSITIVE ADHESIVES

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Classifieds

Novel, all-acrylic compositions with inherently lower surface energy display significantly improved adhesion to LSE substrates such as polyethylene and polypropylene.

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Ask Dr. Dave

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Ad Index

Manufacturers with packaging lines can implement a variety of changes to cut costs and minimize waste.

METHYL METHACRYLATE ADHESIVES FOR ARCHITECTURAL PVC PVC is a new mainstream material for residential and commercial building.

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POLYESTERS FOR SUSTAINABLE ADHESIVE TECHNOLOGIES

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FOCUSED ON SOLUTIONS Through innovation and the development of partnerships with market leaders, IPG is able to provide specialized solutions to a variety of market segments.

24 September 2011 • Volume 18, Issue 9 • www.adhesivesmag.com

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Application Optimization

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Adhesives for Architectural PVC

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ON THE COVER:

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Cover design by Lindsay Leusby.

FOR SUBSCRIPTION INFORMATION OR QUESTIONS, CONTACT: Customer Service: (847) 763-9534 ADHESIVES & SEALANTS INDUSTRY (ISSN 1070-9592) is published 12 times annually, monthly, by BNP Media, 2401 W. Big Beaver Rd., Suite 700, Troy, MI 48084-3333. Telephone: (248) 362-3700, Fax: (248) 362-0317. No charge for subscriptions to qualified individuals. Annual rate for subscriptions to nonqualified individuals in the U.S.A.: $178.00 USD. Annual rate for subscriptions to nonqualified individuals in Canada: $216.00 USD (includes GST & postage); all other countries: $228.00 (Int’l mail) payable in U.S. funds. Printed in the U.S.A. Copyright 2011, by BNP Media. All rights reserved. The contents of this publication may not be reproduced in whole or in part without the consent of the publisher. The publisher is not responsible for product claims and representations. Periodicals Postage Paid at Troy, MI and at additional mailing offices. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to: ADHESIVES & SEALANTS INDUSTRY, P.O. Box 2148, Skokie, IL 60076. Canada Post: Publications Mail Agreement #40612608. GST account: 131263923. Send returns (Canada) to Pitney Bowes, P.O. Box 25542, London, ON, N6C 6B2. Change of address: Send old address label along with new address to ADHESIVES & SEALANTS INDUSTRY, P.O. Box 2148, Skokie, IL 60076. For single copies or back issues: contact Ann Kalb at (248) 244-6499 or [email protected].

September 2011

Adhesives & Sealants Industry

Audited by BPA Worldwide.

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EDITOR'S MEMO

CREATING SUCCESS

www.adhesivesmag.com 6075 B Glick Rd., Powell, OH 43065 • 614-789-1880

PUBLISHING STAFF John Schrei, Publishing Director — 248-786-1637, [email protected]

I’m often reminded these days of a quote from Henry David Thoreau, “What recommends commerce to me is its enterprise and bravery. It does not clasp its hands and pray to Jupiter.” It could be tempting for manufacturers to simply try to survive until the economy recovers. What differentiates the true successes is their willingness to push forward, take risks and really create their own opportunities. Finding and implementing cost-saving procedures has become even more vital as the recession drags on. Manufacturers can take multiple steps in the adhesive application process to reduce costs while improving productivity. Read “Where Do We Go From Here?” on pp. 16-22 to learn more. Manufacturers can also target new applications in order to surpass their competition. For example, methyl methacrylate adhesives are increasingly being used for architectural polyvinyl chloride (PVC) installations. “Methyl Methacrylate Adhesives for Architectural PVC” (pp. 24-28) has the details. Today’s successful manufacturers are not expecting to emerge from this recession simply by hoping for the best. They’re actively working to increase efficiencies or focusing on new opportunities—or both! I’d love to hear what steps your company is taking to succeed despite the recession. Please contact me at (330) 3364098 or [email protected] to share your story.

ERRATA In its press release dated June 15, the Adhesive and Sealant Council conveyed inaccurate information regarding Bill Campbell’s position at TOTAL Petrochemical. This information was included in the August issue of ASI. We apologize for any confusion this may have created. The corrected information is provided below: The Adhesive and Sealant Council recently announced that Gary Delzell, Bostik, Inc.’s director of Supply Management, was unanimously elected to join the council’s board of directors. Delzell was elected to the board in a special election to fill the term of Bill Campbell, president of Bostik, who assumed a new position within the TOTAL group on July 1.

Tom Esposito, Senior Group Publisher — 610-436-4220, [email protected] Amy Vallance, Publisher — 281-550-5855, [email protected] Susan Sutton, Editor-in-Chief, Integrated Media — 330-336-4098, [email protected] Teresa McPherson, Managing Editor — 734-332-0541, [email protected] Kelsey Seidler, Associate Editor — 614-789-1881, [email protected] Lindsay Leusby, Art Director — 248-244-1735, [email protected] Karen Talan, Senior Production Manager — 248-244-6246, [email protected]

SALES STAFF Amy Vallance, Sales Representative Midwest, West and Southwest U.S., and Western Canada 281-550-5855, [email protected] Brandon Miller, East Coast Sales Manager Eastern U.S. and Canada, Latin America 610-436-4220 x8513, [email protected] Patrick Connolly, Sales Representative, Europe Patco Media-London, 99 Kings Road, Westcliff on Sea, Essex SSO 8PH, England 44-1702-477341, FAX 44-1702-477559, [email protected] Peg Van Winkle, Inside Sales 614-760-4222, [email protected] Christopher Wilson, BNP Custom Media Group 248-244-8264, [email protected] Kevin Collopy, Postal List Rental Manager 800-223-2194 x684, [email protected] Michael Costantino, Email List Rental Account Manager 800-223-2194 x748, [email protected]

CONTRIBUTING EDITORS Dave Dunn, bms North America Dan Murad, The ChemQuest Group Inc. David P. Nick, DPNA International Inc.

EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD Steven Gailbreath, Arizona Chemical Richard P. Muny, Chemsultants International Network Larry Owen, Franklin International Lex Reynolds, Reynolds Glue Deborah Chrzanowski, Intertape Polymer Group and PSTC Technical Steering Committee Chair

THIS MONTH ON www.adhesivesmag.com... Online Exclusive: Indianapolis to Host ASC Fall Convention Over the course of the event, attendees will benefit from presentations by industry experts, the ASC Expo, a Pressure-Sensitive Short Course, and a variety of networking opportunities. Online Exclusive: Valencia Welcomes FEICA 2011 Program highlights will include opening discussions by top economists, multiple educational sessions and a business forum. Digital Edition ASI’s digital editions are easy to read, search and download. This month’s edition is sponsored by Emerald Performance Materials.

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AUDIENCE DEVELOPMENT Terry Owens, Corporate Audience Development Manager Kelly Carlson, Multimedia Specialist Carolyn M. Alexander, Audience Audit Coordinator For subscription information or service, please contact Customer Service at: Tel. (847) 763-9534 or Fax (847) 763-9538 or email [email protected]

CORPORATE DIRECTORS Publishing: John R. Schrei Corporate Strategy: Rita M. Foumia Marketing: Ariane Claire Production: Vincent M. Miconi Finance: Lisa L. Paulus

Creative: Michael T. Powell Directories: Nikki Smith Human Resources: Marlene J. Witthoft Information Technology: Scott Krywko Clear Seas Research: Beth A. Surowiec

BNP Media Helps People Succeed in Business with Superior Information

September 2011

Ask the Expert Jeanine Snyder Senior Development Chemist

Q

How do I maintain wetting in my water-based pressure sensitive adhesives yet avoid water sensitivity and foam?

A

Coating water-based PSAs onto silicone release liners or other films at low viscosities requires a surfactant that provides excellent dynamic surface tension reduction to obtain intimate contact and wetting of the PSA to the release liner. Reverse gravure applications, which typically use very low-viscosity adhesives, can magnify surface defects such as dewetting, retraction and cratering on the applied film. One product shown to provide excellent dynamic surface tension reduction and promote a defect-free coating is Surfy¯nol® PSA-336 surfactant. It improves wetting on release liners, provides reduced foam compared to competitive products, and is easy to use since it will not gel during dilution. Additionally, its compliance with several FDA regulations(1) makes it an ideal choice for waterborne PSA and flexible packaging adhesives. Surfy¯nol® 440 surfactant is the ideal product in applications, such as adhesives for clear plastic labels, in which water-sensitivity and foam cannot be tolerated. For applications where superwetting, zero foam and no water sensitivity are required, Dy¯nolTM 604 surfactant provides premium performance. Surf y¯nol PSA-336 surfactant is compliant with 21CFR175.105, 175.125(b), 175.300, 176.170 and 176.180.

(1)

tell me more www.airproducts.com/ surfactants © Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., 2010 (32015) E32

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COMPANY NEWS ASHLAND AQUALON FUNCTIONAL INGREDIENTS , a commercial unit of Ashland Inc., recently began construction on a new nonionic synthetic thickener manufacturing facility in Alizay, France. The new manufacturing facility is scheduled for completion and startup in spring 2012 and will reportedly significantly increase the company’s global capacity for Aquaflow™ nonionic synthetic associative thickeners (NSATs). For more information, visit www.ashland.com.

The Emulsion Polymers business of CELANESE CORP. announced plans to move to a state-of-the-art facility in the greater Cincinnati area. Celanese Emulsions will join technology teams from Ticona, the engineering polymers business of Celanese, and Celanese EVA Performance Polymers at the site in Florence, KY. The transition from the Houston Technology Center (HTC) to the Florence site is scheduled to be completed in October. For additional details, visit www.celanese-emulsions.com. DOW CORNING recently announced it has accepted an invitation to join the Regenerative Network, a private consortium of leading green building product and service providers. The network’s mission is to advance the green building industry and corporate sustainability objectives through collaboration with members such as architects, engineers, and contractors. Dow Corning’s silicon-based products and services for the construction industry can help enable architects and building professionals to meet the growing demand for environmentally sustainable design and energy-efficient construction techniques. Visit www.dowcorning.com for more information. ELLSWORTH ADHESIVES recently announced the relocation of its Western Region Distribution Center to a larger facility in Irvine, CA. The expansion reportedly offers improved floor stocking capabilities, as well as an increase for hazardous and cold storage areas. The center continues to serve as a distribution portal to the company’s customers in the U.S. and throughout the world. For more information, visit www. ellsworth.com.

EVONIK INDUSTRIES has announced it will build a plant in Marl, Germany, to produce functionalized polybutadiene. This liquid polybutadiene (HTPB) is used primarily in sealing compounds for insulating glass windows and in adhesives for automobile manufacture. With this plant, which is scheduled to go on stream next fall, Evonik will reportedly be able to offer hydroxyl-functionalized polybutadiene for the first time to its adhesives and sealant customers. The company reports it will market HTPB as POLYVEST ® HT. For additional details, visit www.evonik.com. FLEXCON recently broke ground to expand its Spencer, MA, headquarters with the construction of a new two-story 20,000sq-ft technology and innovation center. The expansion will reportedly allow research and development teams to closely collaborate and focus on ingenuity and innovation, and to develop new products that will allow FLEXcon to maintain and diversify its customer base. For more information, visit www.flexcon.com. INTERTAPE POLYMER GROUP ® (IPG) recently announced that two of its facilities have been recognized for meeting the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Energy Star Challenge. Within one year, IPG’s Brighton, CO, facility successfully reduced its energy intensity by 20.2%, and its Columbia, SC, manufacturing plant improved its energy efficiency by 13.8%. For additional details, visit www.intertapepolymer.com. KRATON PERFORMANCE POLYMERS INC. has announced the execution of a framework agreement with Formosa Petrochemical Corp. (FPCC) to form a 50:50 joint venture to construct and operate a 30-kiloton hydrogenated styrenic block copolymer (HSBC) plant in Mailiao, Taiwan. The agreement establishes a framework between Kraton and FPCC governing all commercial, operational, technical and management aspects of the planned joint venture company. Kraton and FPCC expect to finalize documentation by December 31 and currently plan to have the plant operational in the second half of 2013. The cost of the plant is currently expected to be in the range of $165-200 million. For more information, visit www.kraton.com or www. fpcc.com.tw/English/default.htm. September 2011

KURARAY CO. LTD. has announced the startup of its Brazilian subsidiary, Kuraray South America. The new subsidiary will serve as a base to undertake sales and market development of Kuraray Group products in South America, reflecting the importance of accelerating global strategies for Kuraray’s core businesses. Kuraray South America will be used as a base for marketing the group’s products, with the aim of further promoting the development of the South American market. For additional details, visit www. kuraray.co.jp. SIKA CORP. has established a Silicone Competency Center, headquartered in Lakewood, NJ. This action follows the announcement of the formation of the Sika FFI–Facades, Fenestration and Insulating Glass Business Unit. The new center is geared to serve the needs of customers in the North American facades, fenestration, and insulating glass markets, as well as customers in the construction products market segment. The center also will serve internal functions for formulation, application, testing and manufacturing excellence. For more information, visit www.sikausa.com. UNIVAR INC. has expanded its operations in Greece with the opening of a new office in Athens. The company has been exporting products to Greece for more than 10 years from its UK and French operations. The growth in customer base and expanding product portfolio reportedly warranted a transition to a fully functioning operation on the ground. Markos Roussos is managing director of the new office with a remit to further expand business in the region. Roussos joined the company from tesa tape, where he worked for seven years, most recently as sales manager. For more information, visit www.univar.com. WACKER recently announced it has commissioned a compounding plant at its joint venture site Wacker Metroark Chemicals Pvt. Ltd. near Kolkata, India, for the manufacture of readyto-use silicone elastomers. The plant is designed for an annual production volume of several thousand metric tons and can be expanded in stages as demand requires. It is intended to supply India’s growing economy with silicone compounds. Visit www.wacker. com for additional information.

“We needed the reassurance that our multi-component adhesives were going to be packaged without any problems. APS delivered.”

If you have an epoxy, acrylic, silicone, polyurethane, polysulfide, or any polymer system that needs high quality custom packaging, then you need the experience of APS. For over 30 years, APS has established itself as a world-class leader in the adhesive industry. APS has the ability and a proven track record in providing cost-effective solutions from one gram to a thousand grams. Its ability to provide worldwide drop shipments to meet delivery schedules is unmatched. In addition, our JIT program for multiple locations assures you that your project will meet its destination on time and safely. Is it any wonder why our customers say...”APS delivered.”

Call today for a free sample using your supplied material.

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ISO 9001: 2000 CERTIFIED © Adhesive Packaging Specialties, 2009

September 2011

103 Foster St., Peabody, MA 01960 (800) 222-1117 T (978) 531-3300 F (978) 532-8901 [email protected] www.adhesivepackaging.com

Adhesives & Sealants Industry ASI04094APS.indd 1

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COMPANY NEWS CALENDAR SEPTEMBER 11-13 Thermoset Resin Formulators Association (TRFA) Annual Meeting; Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada; www.trfa.org 12-14 imX Interactive Manufacturing eXperience; Las Vegas, NV; www.imxevent.com 13-14 Coatings Trends & Technologies, Oak Brook, IL; www.coatingsconference.com

13-14 Nanopolymers 2011; Dusseldorf, Germany; http://ismithers.net/venue-details/XNAN11

26-28 CPP Expo; Las Vegas Convention Center: Las Vegas, NV; www.cppexpo.com/

15-16 FEICA Conference; Valencia, Spain; www.feica.eu

27-29 Composites Europe; Stuttgart, Germany; www.composites-europe.com

20-22 Green Manufacturing Expo; Rosemont (Chicago), IL; www.canontradeshows.com/expo/gmx11/ ana_event.html

B. S. Specialty polymer supplier Merlin customer for 9 years

5-7

CEPE Annual Conference and General Assembly; Dublin, Ireland; www.european-coatings.com/cepe

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TURKCOAT COATINGS SHOW; Istanbul Expo Center; Istanbul, Turkey; www.turkcoat.com

20-22 Assembly and Automation Technology Expo; Rosemont (Chicago), IL; www.aatexpo.com

A word from our customers: "Merlin's flexibility is remarkable. They stock our material and can turn on a dime when our requirements change. They always ship quickly, and more than once have responded to emergencies with next-day delivery. Nice people that are easy to work with. Overall, Merlin is an excellent supplier."

OCTOBER

"Merlin is extremely qualityconscious, with fast delivery and excellent attention to detail. They've given us the opportunity to be competitive on smaller orders by downpacking drums into custom cartridges. Our sales have grown steadily, thanks in no small part to Merlin Packaging." Eric Watson Purchasing Supervisor Rudolph Brothers & Co. Merlin customer for 10 years Merlin provides accurate filling of dual cartridges, syringes, pouches, mixed frozen, and many other packaging options. For fast delivery of big or small orders of quality custom packaging, call Merlin Packaging Technologies today.

16-18 ASC Fall Convention; Indianapolis, IN; www.ascouncil.org 18-19 Manufacturing with Composites; Fort Worth, TX; www.sme.org/cgi-bin/get-event.pl?--002084000007-home--SME20

Lead-Free Soldering Technology Symposium; Ft. Worth, TX; www.smta.org/smtai/symposium.cfm#lf

20-22 17th Annual Manufacturing in Mexico Summit; San Carlos, Sonora, Mexico; www.manufacturinginmexicosummit.com 25-27 The Battery Show; Novi,MI; www.iccnexergy.com

NOVEMBER 1-3

2011 CHEM SHOW; New York, NY; www.chemshow.com

9-10 The Composites Engineering Show; Birmingham, UK; www.compositesexhibition.com 9-10 Informex Asia; Suntec, Singapore; www.asia.informex.com 21-23 Abrafati 2011; Sao Paolo, Brazil; www.abrafati2011.com.br/index_engl.html

FEBRUARY 2012 14-16 Green Manufacturing Expo West; Anaheim, CA; www.canontradeshows.com/expo/gmx11/ ana_event.html 21-23 Composites 2012; Las Vegas, NV; www.acmashow.org 26-19 Adhesion Society Annual Meeting and Expo; New Orleans, LA; www.adhesionsociety.org

MARCH 11-16 Pittcon 2012; Orlando, FL; (800) 825-3221, ext. 203; www.pittcon.org

861 Taylor Road, Suite E

Gahanna, OH 43230 Toll-free: 888-648-7878 [email protected] www.merlinpackaging.com

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27-29 Westec; Los Angeles, CA; www.westeconline.com

APRIL 15-17 ASC Spring Convention; Denver, CO; www.ascouncil.org

September 2011

Discover clean solutions Be inspired by designed polymers for Adhesives & Sealants

With VESTOPLAST® amorphous Poly-alpha-olefins (APAOs) Evonik‘s Adhesive Resins Product Line designs co- and terpolymers of ethene, propene and 1-butene for hot melts used e.g. in the hygiene, packaging, woodworking and automotive industry. Discover our portfolio of designed polymers created for your individual solutions within the industrial adhesives and sealants market: DYNACOLL®, VESTOPLAST®, VESTOWAX®, POLYVEST®, DEGALAN® For more information: www.evonik.com/designed-polymers

STRATEGIC SOLUTIONS

TOP-LINE GROWTH: THE STRATEGIC IMPLICATIONS Several important factors can help when identifying and executing a strategy to successfully grow the top line. By Richard B. Jones, Vice President, The ChemQuest Group, Inc.

n these difficult economic times, nearly every adhesive and coating company has struggled to some degree. Over the past 18-24 months, a lot of effort has gone into reducing costs and “right sizing” to reflect the significant decrease in demand for these formulated products, and recent positive profit reports indicate that such efforts have been successful. At the same time, however, companies have to acknowledge that they cannot save their way to prosperity. There comes a point where the top line must grow. The big question is: How do companies continue to grow in what still is a challenging economy?

I

SELF-EVALUATION Before any effort should be put into developing a growth strategy, a company needs to take stock of who they are, what they do, what their capabilities are, where they do business, etc. This full self-evaluation is crucial. For example, is your company considered to be a technology leader or follower? Is the company bound by geographic constraints? Are there capacity limitations or permitting issues? Is technical service a key element of the value proposition? Is there a disciplined approach to product pricing? Many aspects of a company’s business model need to be fully understood and assessed before a successful strategic growth plan can be developed. As with all such endeavors, a good strategic plan must have a defined goal. While the means to that goal need to be flexible to adapt to a dynamic marketplace, companies should have a discernible understanding of the overall objectives. That understanding will, in turn, drive the underlying strategic and tactical plans. Is the top-line goal solely for the sake of revenue growth, or is it to gain market share in a specific market 12

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segment? Is it to enhance profitability through a favorable change in product mix or to penetrate new geographic markets? A defined goal is likely some combination of these objectives. As a result, the final strategic and associated tactical plans need to factor in these corporate objectives in order to succeed.

ORGANIC GROWTH Growth strategies typically involve combinations of organic and inorganic elements. Organic growth often involves ramping up sales efforts to sell current products (or slight variations thereof) to customers in new markets. But has enough effort been put forth to fully understand the personality of this new market? Blindly jumping into a new market pool without sufficient study means taking the chance that the pool may be too shallow to be worth the effort—or too deep, and therefore perilous. Studying the market is more than just determining how big the market is, how much it is growing and/or who the competition is. For a true understanding to be reached, ask how competitive the market is. How does that level of competition impact product pricing and profitability? Is it a dynamic market? That is, is the product lifecycle relatively short and require continued development? Do customers need or expect a level of technical service that exceeds current capabilities? Is a distribution channel required in order to be effective? Can this new market be handled with the current sales team, or is it different enough to require a separate and distinctly different team? Another organic route to top-line growth is the development of new products for current or future markets. This approach first requires a thorough understanding of the unmet needs of

the ultimate end users. Without that, a full determination of the underlying value proposition cannot be made, and tremendous amounts of technical effort could be wasted developing a product that no one wants, needs or is willing to buy. A somewhat worst-case scenario is the successful development of a new product that is desired by the market but is priced well below its true value. The customer is certainly happy, but a significant profit opportunity may be lost. The opposite happens if a high level of service is offered in a market that does not value it. The customers will appreciate it but will not be willing to pay for it. Here, profitability takes a hit until suitable adjustments are made. As long as a company fully identifies and understands the personality of the new market(s) that it is pursuing, the chances of huge, costly missteps can be reduced. A well-thought-out strategic plan can greatly shorten the time to successful market entry by laying out a clear path forward, providing solid rationale for actions to be taken, and pre-addressing potential issues so that flexibility can be built into the plan that enable the company to react to problems that will likely arise.

INORGANIC GROWTH What are the inorganic elements of a strategic plan? Here, the first thing that too often gets asked is, “Who can we buy?” While acquiring another company is definitely a big part of an inorganic strategy, it often becomes the “endgame” instead of a means toward achieving the strategic objectives. Frequently, companies dive into acquisition searches without performing the gap analysis between their current capabilities, what the designated market requires and what their goals and objectives are. As a result, companies sometimes acquire an entity that has a notable position September 2011

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STRATEGIC SOLUTIONS in the target market but is unfortunately not able to capitalize on that because of their inability to successfully capture the “magic.” Often, something is lost in this clash of cultures. Is the acquiree a leader, whereas the acquirer is a follower? Does the acquiree provide a level of individualized service that the acquirer is not structured to continue offering? Will the acquiree be left to run separately or be fully integrated into the acquirer’s organization—with the latter

causing a potential loss of what makes the acquiree special? By performing a full assessment of a company’s capabilities and then outlining the direction needed to achieve new top-line growth, companies can identify acquisition targets that not only fill the identified gaps but are also synergistic with the current corporate culture. This greatly increases the chance that the acquisition will have the intended positive short- and long-term impact.

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Although companies tend to immediately rush into acquisitions when constructing the inorganic portion of a strategy, buying another company is not always feasible or financially practical. A viable alternative might be a joint venture in which investments are often less onerous; this would combine the best elements of two parties into one effective market entity. Additional alternative approaches include technology licensing and private labeling, which can be fruitful options because they can somewhat quickly fill a product gap (if that is what is lacking). Licensing and private labeling can make for strange “bedfellows,” but these approaches are far more prevalent than many people realize. Because such agreements can be made specific in terms of what geographies or markets do or don’t apply, they can be structured to be agreeable and beneficial to all parties.

FINALIZING THE STRATEGY

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Let’s summarize the steps thus far: a complete internal assessment, thorough research of the target market(s) deemed to be most attractive for top-line growth, and analysis of the gap between what the company has and what it needs to be successful. The final executable strategy, though, is rarely a “one-size-fits-all” proposition. Instead, it is typically a mix of both organic and inorganic elements. One market may involve having product development take a technology license from another party and then generate new offerings that the existing sales force can sell to targeted customers. On the other hand, circumstances may dictate that a whole new approach be undertaken requiring that a company obtain the requisite technical capabilities, sales/service infrastructure, geographic placement, etc. The bottom line is that only after a complete understanding of who a company is, what they are, and where they want to go can they develop a clear strategic plan of how to get to the desired top-line growth. Richard B. Jones is vice president of The

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Editor's note: An expanded version of this column is avails r

r

TM

able at www.adhesivesmag.com.

September 2011

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Manufacturers with packaging lines can implement a variety of changes to cut costs and minimize waste. By Keith Nagy, Equipment Division Manager, HAR Adhesive Technologies uring the recent economic recession, most manufacturers have done all they can think of to cut costs while maintaining quality and customer satisfaction. The continued pressure to keep production costs down is causing some operations managers to wonder how far they can go before it is too far. Processes have been “leaned.” Vendors have been squeezed to reduce material and equipment costs. Energy reduction plans are in place to increase the bottom line. It just feels like there is nowhere else to go.

D

Air open/air close valves for both bead and swirl application.

Downtime is still a critical issue for most adhesive applications, however, especially on high-volume packaging lines. The end-of-line packaging process must run smoothly in order to process the most product in the least amount of time and with the least amount of waste. Downtime can cost companies many thousands of dollars per hour. To avoid these added costs, process improvements may need to be considered in equipment upgrades, adhesive optimization, preventive maintenance or operator training. 16

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IMPROVING THE APPLICATION PROCESS The adhesive application process is an area where problems can occur in many carton-erecting and case-sealing processes. Most automated packaging lines use some type of hot-melt adhesive application process consisting of a heated adhesive supply unit (ASU), a heated hose to transfer the hot adhesive and a heated applicator for applying the adhesive onto carton flaps. Operators routinely fill the ASU with a hot-melt adhesive in the form of chips, pellets or pillows. Equipment failure, poor adhesion, no adhesion, adhesive dripping, stringing, over- or under-shooting, and often too much adhesive (which leads to glue-caked machine components) are issues observed in many packaging plants. Simple adhesive equipment upgrades can make a noticeable improvement in the adhesive application process and can result in fewer hours of downtime and reduced machine maintenance. First, downtime due to hose failure should be eliminated. No cost-effective preventive maintenance program exists for hot-melt adhesive hoses. When a hose heater or temperature sensor fails, production stops. Common practice is to keep a spare hose and change it after a failure occurs. In many plants, this often results in several hours of downtime and lost productivity. Backup taping systems are found on some lines, but even starting a backup system can waste valuable time. Dual-circuit hoses incorporating two heaters and two sensors—with an automatic method for switching between the first and second circuits—virtually eliminate line downtime due to hose failure. The ITW Dynatec Gemini Automatic series contains a flashing illuminated control box that lets the operator know that the second circuit has been activated, providing time for a new hose to be ordered and then replaced at the next scheduled production downtime. Air open/air close modules also improve adhesive cutoff. Over time, adhesive applicator modules that use an air open/spring close system can lose spring tension, which then results in dripping, stringing and poor adhesive cut-off. Air open/air close applicator modules, which are readily available but not commonly used on many September 2011

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WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE? packaging lines, do not rely on a spring to close the orifice during operation. The result is both cleaner cut-off and better operation over a longer operating life span. Zero- and reduced-cavity modules that are still air open/spring close provide improved adhesive cutoff to minimize stringing, but still suffer from loss of spring tension. Automatic bulk adhesive feed systems can help reduce waste as well. As reported in an article in Adhesives & Sealants Industry magazine in April 2010, automatic adhesive fill systems offer many manufacturing benefits.1 Adhesive fill systems reduce labor and raw material costs, prevent nozzle clogging, and improve safety. Adhesive fill systems continuously monitor the adhesive level in hot-melt adhesive hoppers. Without a bulk feed system, operators constantly have to monitor hopper levels by opening the lid and looking at the current volume. This process introduces many variables into the manufacturing process, such as labor costs to monitor and fill the hopper, failure to fill the hopper, and even the chance of spillage or thermal shock to the adhesive.

Dual-circuit hoses incorporating two heaters and two sensors virtually eliminate line downtime due to hose failure.

With an automatic feed system, adhesive levels and temperatures remain steady, reducing the risk of char and other degradation. Adhesive feed systems virtually eliminate contaminants that lead

to char and nozzle clogging by reducing adhesive exposure to the environment. Fewer replacement parts are required, and downtime and maintenance are also reduced. ITW Dynatec manufactures a

See us at ASC booth 101.

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September 2011

drop-in, easily integrated hot-melt adhesive delivery system that requires virtually no maintenance and seamlessly allows the user to reduce contaminants, downtime, and labor.

ADHESIVE OPTIMIZATION Many companies look only at adhesive cost per pound to decide which product to use for a packaging operation. The lower cost conventional ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) hot melts have limitations as packaging adhesives. Superior performing hotmelt products, like metallocene and polyolefin products, offer many benefits in spite of a higher per pound cost. While EVAs are still in use today, more companies are choosing higher performing, clean-machining, more precise, versatile and aggressive products that lower total costs. Using superior performing adhesives can lower costs. According to studies by H.B. Fuller, even though metallocene hot melts might have a higher cost per pound than EVAs, use of H.B. Fuller’s Advantra technology can lower costs over the long run.2 Advantra hot melts can reduce total packaging costs by up to 40% vs. standard EVAs through higher mileage, reduced downtime, less maintenance, increased yield and greater throughput. Superior performing adhesives’ application precision and consistency, thermal stability and no-char formulation optimizes packaging processes by minimizing line interruptions and downtime. Another significant cost savings comes from reducing the amount of adhesive used. When using superior performing adhesives, manufacturers can see a 30% reduction in the amount of adhesive applied to a case or carton. In addition to switching to the air open/air close applicator valve, customers often downsize

nozzles by one or two sizes, which can yield substantial adhesive savings. One gram less adhesive per carton can yield a daily savings of 21 lb of adhesive based on production output of 20 cartons per minute, eight hours per shift each day. At $2.50 per pound, adhesive optimization can yield close to a $20,000 savings per year for just one shift of production. It is also helpful to measure adhesive reduction through glue audits. The primary purpose of a glue audit is to determine the adhesive cost per unit and not simply focus on adhesive cost per pound. Simple glue audits can be conducted to measure the amount of glue actually applied to the case or carton. Place masking tape over the flap where glue is applied. Process the carton through the packaging line. Remove the taped and glued box from the line with great care; the bonded areas will be weak from the applied masking tape. Peel open the flaps, remove the product (if necessary), and remove the applied glue from the masking tape, which acts as a release-coated surface. Prior to removing the glue line, observe the line placement and length. Measure the line length to ensure uniformity from side to side of each carton. Weigh each glue bead to the nearest 0.1 gram. Data recorded includes hot-melt unit, hose and head temperatures, glue pressure, nozzle sizes, glue amount in grams, and line lengths. The procedure may sound more complicated than it really is; this simple yet important procedure is rarely used by manufacturers unless a vendor offers to conduct the audit. How much adhesive is too much or too little? Companies using conventional EVA products commonly use a lot of adhesive to assure adequate bonding. The use of superior bonding products requires substantially less adhesive, but it is difficult to break the “more is better” mindset. Operators do not want their packages

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popping open at the end of the line or after they have shipped. The easiest way for an operator to ensure well-sealed cartons is to turn up the glue pressure, use large-orifice nozzles and apply plenty of glue. As mentioned, at several dollars per pound of adhesive, this conventional wisdom can be very costly to manufacturers. Methods for quantifying carton flap adhesion exist but are not often used, especially at smaller manufacturers. The most common method for measuring carton flap adhesion is a very subjective manual tear test: simply tear the carton open. If the flaps don’t pop open at the end of the line, adhesion is usually adequate. Unless cartons are subjected to environmental extremes, the manual tear test often works. It is the responsibility of the manufacturer to determine optimum bond strength. Trial and error, drop tests, shipping tests, or adhesion testing can all be conducted to determine optimum adhesive amounts. Whatever method is selected for determining adhesive bond strength, it is critical that the proper amount of adhesive is applied consistently and uniformly with no stringing or dripping. Applying too much adhesive becomes a large price to pay.

PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE Most companies have some type of preventive maintenance (PM) program for the equipment on their packaging lines. In today’s business environment, with reduced staffing and pressure to increase output, preventive maintenance is not always a top priority. A goal of 100% uptime at the packaging line will require a system for PM on adhesive application equipment. Simple—and often neglected—maintenance of a glue machine is necessary to assure trouble-free operation.

September 2011

A hot-melt adhesive delivery system that requires virtually no maintenance and seamlessly allows the user to reduce contaminants, downtime, and labor.

Adhesives & Sealants Industry

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21

WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE? the metallocene products exhibit degradation over an extended period of heating. Standard operating procedures should include setting and checking the correct adhesive temperatures for the adhesive supply unit hopper, hose and applicator, as well as correct pressure or motor setting for the pump. Most packaging lines control the glue line length through a PLC or pattern controller. Once set, these parameters should not change. The primary responsibility of the machine operator is to make sure the glue is applied in the correct location at the correct glue length and appropriate bead size. Operator training should emphasize the importance of conserving glue and using only the glue that is required.

Flushing and cleaning the gluing system is essential. This often-neglected step can take three to four hours to complete. Requirements for flushing vary tremendously, depending on the type of adhesive used and the number of hours the machine is in operation annually. With EVA adhesive products, flushing may generally be required every 1,000-2,000 hours of machine use. With metallocene products, flushing may be extended to 5,0006,000 hours of use. Since it is sometimes difficult to track machine hours, a general guideline might be quarterly for EVA products and annually for metallocene products. Filters must also be changed, depending on the type of adhesive used and machine hours. The primary manifold filter should be changed at every flushing. Applicator filters may require changing anywhere from monthly to every six months. In-line filters commonly found on packaging equipment require more frequent changing than built-in filters found on ITW Dynatec’s air open/air close applicators. Manufacturers also need to remember to change nozzles and glue valves (modules). H.B Fuller reports that use of their Advantra hot melts can reduce replacement parts needed by up to 80% due to no char or gel formation. Since so many variables affect nozzle and module function, a very general guideline would be to replace the nozzles and glue modules at every machine flushing and filter change.

THE BOTTOM LINE The focus on lean manufacturing, productivity, sustainability, green products and cost-cutting will continue for most manufacturers well into the future. Manufacturers can implement several simple and cost-effective steps with their packaging lines to achieve lower costs, minimize waste, and increase packaging line speeds. For more information, contact HAR Adhesive Technologies at 60 South Park, Bedford, OH 44146; phone (440) 786-7185; fax (440) 786-7186; email keith.nagy@haradhesive. com; or visit www.haradhesive.com.

Operator Training Extensive operator training is not required since daily maintenance of hot-melt glue machines is minimal. Normal operation of a glue machine is to turn it on prior to start-up and turn it off at shut-down. Turning off at shut-down is critical to avoid extended heating and degradation of the hot-melt product. Even

REFERENCES 1. Hoff, George, “Automatic Bulk Adhesive Feed System Provides Benefits to Manufacturers,” Adhesives & Sealants Industry, April 2010. 2. H.B. Fuller Co., Advantra Adhesives White Paper, October 2010.

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E-mail: [email protected] 22

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www.uniontoolcorp.com September 2011

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Methyl Methacrylate Adhesives for Architectural PVC PVC is a new mainstream material for residential and commercial building. By Jim Yeames, President, Extreme Adhesives, Inc.

n the early 1900s, rough-sawn pine gave way to mill-cut and then planer-finished dimensional lumber. Since then, constant improvements in milling and planning capabilities have resulted in better quality and more accurate lumber. Within the last few decades, computer-controlled contour milling, routing, and profiling have provided more sophisticated wood shops with the ability to make simple or highly complex and ornate “carvings.” However, many of the inherent shortcomings of that original rough-sawn plank have remained. The most obvious and frequent is a high level of required maintenance, both to preserve the wood and protect its appearance. Much of this is related to the “sponge effect”—simply put, wood absorbs moisture. As the wood dries, its density and dimensions change considerably. Seasonal or even more frequent wet and dry cycles lead to a multitude of problems, not the least of which is rot and peeling paint. All exposed wood requires frequent attention. Enter polyvinyl chloride (PVC). At first thought, PVC is not a likely substitute for wood, but a little background information will help explain why it is a new mainstream material for residential and commercial building.

I

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PVC HISTORY In the early 1920s, a scientist seeking to develop a new adhesive stumbled onto PVC. Waldo Semon was intrigued with his finding and experimented by making golf balls and shoe heels out of the versatile material. Shower curtains, wire insulation and raincoats were among the earliest PVC products. The first commercial processing of PVC pipe occurred in Germany in the 1930s through the process of intermittent ram extrusion. Although somewhat crude, PVC pipe from this process was installed in several German cities and, as a testament to the durability of PVC, much of it is still in use today. In 1950, continuous PVC extrusion was demonstrated as a practical process that introduced a host of product possibilities. Of the 47.5 million tons of PVC produced in 2010, nearly 40% is still used to make pipe and fittings. The development of expanded or cellular PVC began in Europe in the early 1960s. It was first manufactured by what is known as a free-foam extrusion process. In this process, granulated PVC containing a heat-activated blowing or expansion agent to create an internal gas-filled cell structure was melted and forced through a slot die to form a sheet of controlled dimensions. September 2011

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ADHESIVES FOR ARCHITECTURAL PVC In 1989, a European development known as the Celuka process was perfected. The process involved continuous cooling of the downstream extrusion die surface to form a tough and more solid skin. Extruded trim and moldings made using Celuka technology are structurally stronger and more dimensionally accurate than products made with free foam. PVC trim and sheet manufacturers in the U.S. use either one process or the other. Each process provides excellent wood replacements for trim, molding and siding applications. Residential and commercial decking is a newer and already successful application for cellular PVC, offering product so closely resembling wood in color and texture that it is difficult to see or even feel the difference. Each cellular PVC manufacturer uses proprietary polymer blends of PVC, which may include high-purity pigments for color retention, UV stabilizers to guard against sun damage, and tougheners to enhance strength. Some PVC is coextruded with another surfacing resin to provide gloss, color or scuff resistance. Post-processing may be involved as well to texture the finish. The bottom line is that this PVC looks, feels, paints and cuts like wood. The builder or contractor is faced with far fewer difficulties, and the homeowner is saddled with far less maintenance. Cellular PVC is strong, durable, lightweight and easy to install with traditional building techniques. It is also non-toxic, recyclable and self-extinguishing. It will not rot, warp, delaminate, cup, or twist and is impervious to salts, insects, and many chemicals (including some acids). Cellular PVC cuts, routs, and fastens just like wood, and it has a density similar to white pine. In addition, cellular PVC takes paint beautifully; the paint can truly last “a lifetime” since no moisture is behind it.

INCORPORATING ADHESIVES PVC has attained broad acceptance in sheets, dimensional lumber, and trim form for renovation and new construction when a low- or zero-maintenance installation is desired. Almost any non-structural use of wood can be duplicated or even improved when made from cellular PVC. This is where adhesives enter the picture. Imagine being able to cut a series of notches halfway through a wood board. By definition, the rotating cutters will leave a radius. An option would be to cut the notches all the way through one board and then fasten it to another of a similar size with nails (or screws) and glue. This would still result in two pieces, with a visible seam in the wood grain. These pieces could still warp and would certainly be subject to rot and peeling paint. With cellular PVC and a true structural adhesive, those two boards become one piece. In addition, they do so after the milling and sanding is complete so all finishes and dimensions are perfect. The use of structural adhesives to bond and laminate premachined PVC segments means that profiles and shapes that were never before possible are now a reality. Individual components can be cut and milled prior to lamination or assembly and then bonded to become a single architectural piece. The pieces shown at the beginning of this article are exterior trim pieces (inner and outer corners shown inverted for assembly in the shop) that were copied from an original design for the restoration of a New England Federalist period building. The pieces comprise laminated sections and milled or profiled cellular PVC lumber. With the use of structural methyl methacrylate adhesives, they have effectively become single pieces of cellular PVC.

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ADHESIVES FOR ARCHITECTURAL PVC Some PVC fabricators use PVC-clad structural members to stabilize and strengthen their PVC shapes. This allows the use of cellular PVC in longer spans and when required strengths must be achieved, such as in applications like railings. These are typically aluminum extrusions bedded in methyl methacrylate adhesives. The fabrication and installation of cellular PVC has always involved adhesives, caulks or sealants. Initially, traditional wood adhesives and caulks, and even conventional PVC solvent cements, were used—with generally less-thansatisfactory results. PVC adhesives have traditionally been defined as solventbased adhesives. Blends of highly volatile tetrahydrofuran, methyl ethyl ketone and other solvents are used to soften and dissolve the surface of the PVC, which in turn lubricates the assembly process and provides PVC pipe with a relatively quick handling strength. Pipe joint configuration maintains a tightly controlled bond line with a limited contact area and is designed to maximize the properties of low-viscosity solvent adhesives, which are not optimum for bonding flat cellular PVC sheets and boards. Although solvent cements can work well on cellular PVC fabrications, job site conditions are not always appropriate to strong and lasting bonds. High-viscosity solvent cements for cellular PVC have high titanium dioxide pigment loadings that allow a reasonably strong bond on skin-to-skin bonds but have such a detrimental effect on expanded PVC’s cellular core structure that they are not recommended. The cellular core is delicate and extremely sensitive to contact with solvents. Solvents expected to melt and join the PVC work quickly but remain trapped within the joint. That lingering contact damages

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the cellular structure and results in core-to-core bonds that are significantly weaker than the strength of the PVC.

ADHESIVE BENEFITS A few cellular PVC and adhesive manufacturers are marketing a broad line of white, solvent-free, two-component methyl methacrylate-based adhesives specifically developed for white cellular PVC. Both fast- and slow-curing formulations are available, as well as low-viscosity laminating grades used exclusively for building large crosssectional profiles. The faster curing adhesives are designed to interact less with the cellular PVC core structure and actually reinforce core-to-core joints after curing. Their rapid cure speed contributes to better job site utilization, since bonded parts demonstrate significant strength in as little as 15 minutes. The viscosity and rheology are similar to mayonnaise. The adhesives are easy to spread and stay in the joint while curing. The slower curing products allow up to 25 minutes of positioning time for larger parts and work well on skin-to-skin bonds. Both types provide a solution for sealing and bonding gaps in the finished PVC product, filling fastener holes, or creating fillets or blends between adjoining pieces. The laminating-grade products enable economical buildups of even large sheets, minimum bond lines, and curing within one hour so processing may continue. The leading six cellular PVC suppliers in the U.S. account for over 95% of domestically produced cellular PVC. All of them recommend methyl methacrylate adhesives for their strength, durability and ease of use. Methyl methacrylate adhesives continue to lead the PVC installation market. As cellular PVC becomes a materials standard, so do the adhesive systems required to complete a quality installation or fabrication. For more information, contact Extreme Adhesives, Inc. at 63 Epping Rd., Raymond, NH 03077; phone (603) 895-4028; fax (603) 895-6236; email [email protected];

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or visit www.extremeadhesives.com. Editor’s note: Except where indicated, photos are courtesy of Shoreline Millwork, Somersworth, N.H.

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By Timothy E. Long, Ph.D., Professor, Department of Chemistry, Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute; Musan Zhang, Graduate Research Assistant; and Gozde I. Ozturk, Graduate Research Assistant; Virginia Tech

Editor’s note: This paper was awarded the Pressure Sensitive Tape Council’s 2011 Carl A. Dahlquist Award for Best Technical Paper.

ABSTRACT Melt polycondensation synthesis of polyesters presents a solventfree and environmentally friendly approach of producing pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) due to their inherent biodegradability and low-cost manufacturing process. Low glasstransition temperature (-40°C) all-aliphatic polyester PSAs were synthesized using melt polymerization. Careful selection of diester, diol, and monomer stoichiometry enabled tailoring of the glass-transition temperature (Tg) and adhesive properties as investigated using adhesive testing methods. Melt rheological experiments indicated a correlation between polyester molecular weight and adhesive performance. These studies enabled us to design a new family of segmented copolyesters for their potential in adhesive applications due to controlled sequence distribution and morphological consequences of microphase-separated block copolymers. Incorporating electrostatic interactions into copolymers also affords an avenue for the modification of thermally labile adhesive properties on the molecular level. We have recently developed a synthetic strategy that allows for melt transesterification of segmented block copolyesters using the sterically hindered and cyclic monomer, 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol (CBDO). This monomer has also received significant industrial attention as a replacement for bisphenol-A based polycarbonates. High-Tg polyester polyols containing CBDO and 0-5 mol% sulfonation were synthesized using conventional melt transesterification. Further reaction of the hard segment polyols with diesters and diols that comprise the resulting soft block demonstrates a one-pot synthetic method toward a new class of thermoplastic elastomers. 30

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Herein, we describe the influence of ionic interactions on sulfonated segmented copolyesters. Specifically, transesterification resistance studies and melt rheological experiments indicated a correlation between hard segment block content and sequence regularity to the adhesive and mechanical properties of the copolyesters. In addition, atomic force microscopy revealed the surface morphology of the copolyesters. These ion-containing segmented copolyesters permit modification of adhesive properties on both the molecular and morphological level.

INTRODUCTION Acrylic-based block copolymers are typical examples of PSAs that have been traditionally synthesized using volatile organic solvents. Although this class of adhesives serves an important role in commercial products, there remains a large demand for environmentally friendly solvent-free synthetic methods. Researchers have recently synthesized a novel class of low-Tg PSA using melt polymerized polyesters. These polymers harness polyester degradability, as well as solvent-free polymerization techniques, which can essentially lower production costs. Polymer adhesive properties strongly depend on the viscoelastic behavior of the polymers. Viscous behaviors heavily influence the polymer flow properties for processability and product fabrication. However, elastic properties are needed to store and dissipate energy. Elastic properties of adhesives provide the mechanical integrity needed for strong adhesive bonding. The polymer glasstransition temperature also plays a large role in the design of novel polymers for PSA applications. Typical T g values for room-temperature PSAs fall within the -20 to -60°C range. In this study, aliphatic low-T g -based polyesters were synthesized using melt transesterification. The UV stability of aliphatic monomers provides an added advantage that September 2011

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POLYESTERS FOR SUSTAINABLE ADHESIVE TECHNOLOGIES allows these polyester-based adhesives to be suitable for coatings and outdoor applications. Building on the findings of previous research, a new class of segmented block copolyesters has been formulated to improve the mechanical properties of these PSAs. Recent literature has revealed the importance of introducing secondary interactions into adhesives to improve on the properties of PSAs. 1 Melt polymerization of polyesters has afforded polymers with various architectures such as cyclics, copolyesters and hyperbranched polyesters. These architectures have been shown to affect morphology on the nanoscale and tune adhesive properties. 2 Due to the transesterification of the ester linkages in the polyester backbone, it is often difficult to achieve segmented polyester. In order to reduce transesterification probability, we use the bulky and rigid cycloaliphatic diol 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol (CBDO) to produce high-T g polyester polyols. CBDO has been researched extensively and has been shown to impart high glass-transition temperatures, as well as excellent impact resistance properties.3-4 We have found that these entirely polyester-based block copolymers formed well microphase-separated surface morphologies from atomic force microscopy. Secondary interactions provide physical and mechanical integrity, but, unlike chemical crosslinks, these physical crosslinks are thermally labile (which is important for processing methods).5-7 Block copolymers also allow us to introduce ionic domains into specific segments of the block copolymer to facilitate an understanding of the role of ionic interaction on PSA properties.

Figure 1. Synthesis of DMCD-DEG Polymer Using Melt Transesterification Techniques

Figure 2. Synthesis of DMAP-DEG Polymer Using Melt Transesterification Techniques

Figure 3. Synthesis of Sulfonated Poly(CBDO-DMCD) Using Melt Transesterification

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POLYESTERS FOR SUSTAINABLE ADHESIVE TECHNOLOGIES Table 1. Properties of Low-Tg Polyester PSAs Composition

Mw (g/mol)

Mn (g/mol)

Mw/Mn

Tg (°C)

DMAP-DEG

67,000

44,000

1.53

-47

DMAP-TEG

59,000

27,000

2.22

-49

DMCD-DEG

55,000

35,000

1.56

-12

DMCD-TEG

41,000

19,000

2.13

-25

THE EXPERIMENT For the experiment materials, polyester monomers were provided by Eastman Chemical Co. and used without further purifications. Titanium catalyst was purchased from Sigma Aldrich and diluted into a 0.01 g/mL 1-butanol solution. The polyesters were synthesized using conventional melt transesterification methods. A 1:1.5 molar ratio of diester to diol and titanium catalyst was charged into a 100-mL round-bottomed flask equipped with a nitrogen inlet, mechanical stirrer and condenser. Polyesters were made from a combination of diols (diethylene glycol, DEG, or triethylene glycol, TEG) and diesters (dimethyl cyclohexane dicarboxylate, DMCD, or dimethyl adipate, DMAP). The reaction was first purged and degassed three times before heating to 200-220°C over a period of five hours. The reaction temperature was subsequently increased to 275°C, and high vacuum (0.1 mm Hg) was applied to the system. Samples were characterized without further purifications.

Low-T g polyesters were characterized with 1H NMR, differential scanning calorimetry, THF size exclusion chromatography and thermogravimetric analysis. Adhesive properties were characterized using 180° peel testing, holding power testing, and loop tack and rolling ball tack tests.8 Polymer rheological behavior was investigated using melt rheology on a TA Instrument AR 100 stress-controlled 8 mm parallel plate.

RESULTS Low-T g polyesters were synthesized in a solvent-free method. The polyester aliphatic backbone contributed to advantages over traditional polystyrene-based PSAs. An aliphatic system enabled coatings or adhesives for outdoor applications due to its increased UV stability over aromatic adhesive systems. In addition, ester linkages enabled degradative properties that may be suitable for time-release adhesives or adhesives for biomedical applications. Thus, this approach allowed the synthesis of a new family of low-Tg polyesters.

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Figure 1 (p. 32) summarizes one class of polyesters that incorporates a cycloaliphatic unit cyclohexane into the polymer backbone. Similarly, Figure 2 (p. 32) outlines the synthesis of polyesters comprising the diester dimethyl adipate, which promotes a noncyclic comparison for DMCD-based polyesters. Diols used for these synthetic schemes were either DEG or TEG. Thus, these monomer choices permit an investigation into the thermal, rheological, and adhesive properties of cyclicvs. noncyclic-containing polyesters and the influence of an additional ether linkage on the polymer properties. 1H NMR spectroscopy confirmed the structure of these polymers. Table 1 summarizes the polyester polymer composition, as well as molecular weights and T g values for these polymers. High molecular weights were obtained using melt transesterification methods. These polymers possessed adequately low glass-transition temperatures ranging from -49 to -12°C. The range in the glass-transition temperature can be attributed to the monomer selection, as well as the degree of ether linkages from the choice of diol used. In general, linear aliphatic polyesters provided lower glass-transition temperatures compared to the cyclohexanecontaining polyesters. This property is attributed to the loss of molecular stiffness and molecular bulk when the polyester contained a cyclohexane ring and was not in the linear form. Moreover, the Tg is reduced by 10°C for the DMCD-containing system when the diol is lengthened from DEG to TEG; this is due to the increased flexibility arising from the ether linkage of TEG. These results demonstrate the role of monomer choice on the tailorable properties of these polyester PSAs.

Figure 4. 1H NMR of Sulfonated Poly(CBDO-DMCD) High-Tg Polyester Polyols in CDCl3

Block copolymers comprising styrene and butadiene or isoprene blocks have been traditionally used in tailoring PSA properties. The drawbacks to these polymer systems are the use of volatile organic solvents during synthesis, as well as the dependence on petroleum-derived monomers. Polyester block copolymers offer a solvent-free approach to synthesize degradable block copolymers for adhesive applications. To build on the work summarized above, an entirely aliphatic-based block copolyester was synthesized. These block copolymers comprised DEG-DMAp soft segment blocks due to the desirable adhesive and thermal properties we described. 8 Polyester polyols were

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POLYESTERS FOR SUSTAINABLE ADHESIVE TECHNOLOGIES Figure 5. Melt Transesterification of CBDO-DMCD-DEG-DMAp Segmented Copolyesters Containing Various Sulfonation Molar Content

synthesized using melt transesterification according to procedures summarized in Figure 3 (p. 32). 1H NMR spectroscopy confirmed the structure of the sulfonated and unsulfonated

polyols systems (see Figure 4, p. 35). Although chloroform SEC provided appropriate molecular weight results, sulfonated polyols showed aggregation in this solvent. Therefore, molecular

weight of the sulfonated system was achieved through 1H NMR spectroscopy. Unsulfonated analogs using dimethyl isophthalate allowed comparison of the glass-transition temperature attributed to ionic molar content. Using previously determined transesterification study results, the polyester polyols were further used to synthesize segmented copolyesters with DMAp and DEG soft segments using melt transesterification, as shown in Figure 5. 1H NMR confirmed the structure of the segmented copolyesters, and 13C NMR confirmed only two signals for the carbonyl ester corresponding to the carbonyl within the hard segment and within the soft segment. Dynamic mechanical analysis revealed two thermal transitions corresponding to the soft and hard phases of the segmented copolyesters. The service temperature window ranged from -26 to 120°C, depending on whether the segmented copolyesters were sulfonated or not. The interesting decrease in the rubber plateau modulus prompted further investigation into the segmented copolyesters surface morphology using atomic force microscopy.

)\TERHIH7XYH]-RGPYHIW ˆ1EVOIXHEXEERHEREP]WMWSR EHLIWMZIWERHWIEPERXWJSV 2SVXL%QIVMGEERH0EXMR %QIVMGEKEXLIVIH[MXLSYV I\GPYWMZIHMVIGXMRXIVZMI[W [MXLPIEHMRKMRHYWXV] GSQTERMIWERHI\TIVXWTPYW GSQQIRXWSRXLIQEVOIXW MR;IWXIVR)YVSTIXLI%WME 4EGM½GERHXLI6IWXSJ;SVPH ˆ1EVOIXWLEVIERHJSVIGEWXIH KVS[XLVEXIMRJSVQEXMSRSR EHLIWMZIWERHWIEPERXWFVSOIR HS[RF]XIGLRSPSK]TVSHYGX ERHIRHYWIETTPMGEXMSR ˆ%2);LMKLPMKLXIHWIGXMSR SRXLIGSRWYQIVEHLIWMZI ERHWIEPERXQEVOIXMRXLI 9RMXIH7XEXIW 7MRKPI'ST]4VMGI %7'QIQFIV 2SRQIQFIV +PSFEP0MGIRWI JSVMRXVERIXW]WXIQEGGIWWF]IRXMVIGSQTER]

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September 2011

Max Flow Meters CONCLUSIONS Segmented copolyesters offer an array of desirable attributes, such as tunable mechanical properties and inherent biodegradability through the hydrolytic ester bond. A novel family of sulfonated segmented copolyesters has been developed based on the melt transesterification of poly(CBDO-DMCD) polyols with low-T g monomers comprising the soft segment. These segmented copolyesters were characterized using 1H NMR spectroscopy, TGA, DSC, DMA, tensile tests and AFM. The results suggested the absence of transesterification within the hard segment and microphase separation of the hard and soft blocks. The introduction of ionic groups in the hard segment provides an avenue to tune mechanical and adhesive properties on the molecular level of these copolyesters as potential temperature-sensitive adhesives.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

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under the Army Materials Center of Excellence Program, contract W911NF-06-2-0014. The authors would also like to thank Eastman Chemical Co. for its donation of the CBDO and DMCD monomers, and Professor Judy Riffle’s research group for the chloroform GPC analysis.

REFERENCES

CONSULTING BY “DR. DAVE” Adhesives and Sealants-Technology, Applications and Markets

1. Lopez, A., Degrandi-Contraires, E., Canetta, E., Creton, C., Keddie, J. L., and Asua, J. M., Langmuir, 2011, 27 (7), 3878-3888. 2. Awada, H., Noel, O., Hamieh, T., Kazzi, Y., and Brogly, M., Thin Solid Films, 2011, 519 (11), 3690-3694. 3. Booth, C. J., Kindinger, M., McKenzie, H. R., Handcock, J., Bray, A. V., and Beall, G. W., Polymer, 2006, 47 (18), 6398-6405. 4. Kelsey, D. R., Scardino, B. M., Grebowicz, J. S., and Chuah, H. H., Macromolecules, 2000, 33 (16), 58105818. 5. Mather, B. D., Baker, M. B., Beyer, F. L., Green, M. D., Berg, M. A. G., and Long, T. E., Macromolecules, Washington, D.C., 2007, 40 (Copyright (C) 2010 American Chemical Society (ACS). All Rights Reserved.), 4396-4398. 6. Mather, B. D., Baker, M. B., Beyer, F. L., Berg, M. A. G., Green, M. D., and Long, T. E., Macromolecules, Washington, D.C., 2007, 40 (Copyright (C) 2010 American Chemical Society (ACS). All Rights Reserved.), 6834-6845. 7. Saito, T., Mather, B. D., Costanzo, P. J., Beyer, F. L., and Long, T. E., Macromolecules, Washington, D.C., 2008, 41 (Copyright (C) 2010 American Chemical Society (ACS). All Rights Reserved.), 3503-3512. 8. Ozturk, G. I., Pasquale, A. J., and Long, T. E., The Journal of Adhesion, 2010, 86 (4), 395-408.

September 2011

Dr. Dave Dunn writes the monthly “Questions and Answers” column in Adhesives & Sealants Industry magazine, and is a unique source of both technical and management consulting for the adhesives and sealants industry. Technical Consulting • Formulation advice • Sourcing information • New developments • Application development • Application troubleshooting • Problem solving Market Research • Opportunity analysis • Customer surveys • Mergers and acquisitions • New developments • Market analysis • Industry structure • Competitive intelligence • Key trends

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Acrylic Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives Novel, all-acrylic compositions with inherently lower surface energy display significantly improved adhesion to LSE substrates such as polyethylene and polypropylene. By Eric Bartholomew, Research Chemist, Avery Dennison Performance Adhesive Center he prevailing trend toward the use of lighter weight and lower cost engineered plastics in automotive, construction, aerospace, electronics, and other industrial uses has created a need for pressure-sensitive materials that can bond well to these new, inherently low-surface-energy (LSE) plastics. This article discusses novel, all-acrylic compositions with inherently lower surface energy that display significantly improved adhesion to LSE substrates such as polyethylene and polypropylene. In addition, it will address evidence where these new compositions demonstrate compatibility with tackifiers historically known to be incompatible with more traditional acrylic pressure-sensitive polymers.

T

(METH)ACRYLIC COPOLYMERS Pressure-sensitive polymer compositions have been used for well over 50 years. Many types of polymers can be made pressure sensitive via various formulation methods. (Meth)acrylic copolymers are one of the most widely used polymer classes for the production of pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs). They are relatively low cost, thermally and oxidatively stable, optically clear, and require little to no formulation to be useful pressure-sensitive materials. Pressure-sensitive copolymers can be made from a variety of (meth)acrylic monomers. The large selection of available monomers enables a wide range of viscoelastic performance characteristics. Various chemically functional monomers provide a diverse selection of crosslinking options that can be tailored to specific applications. (Meth)acrylic copolymers can be polymerized and used industrially in a waterborne solvent cast, melt or monomer polymer syrup. Any of these delivery formats can be selected depending on final adhesive performance requirements, the manufacturing assets available and cost requirements. Many high-performance applications require the improved coat quality, coating thickness and material properties achievable through solvent cast, or melt and syrup techniques. Historically, (meth)acrylic PSAs have delivered adequate adhesion to a broad base of materials used in the industry. Everevolving trends in the marketplace have seen, and continue to see, the replacement of metal, glass, and wood assembly or 38

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construction materials with lower cost, lower weight plastic alternatives. This continuing trend toward lighter weight, lower cost materials has challenged the ability of traditional acrylic PSAs to adhere to these new substrates because, in most cases, these new materials have a much lower surface energy than traditional materials. Traditional acrylic PSAs adhere very well to relatively polar substrates such as steel, aluminum, tin, glass and wood. These types of materials tend to have higher free surface energy or surface tension than that of the PSA (see Table 1).1 Given the fact that an adherend must have higher surface energy than the corresponding adherent, the common acrylic PSA has no difficulty wetting the materials in Table 1 to form a bond surface. These types of materials have been—and are continuing to be—replaced in new material construction in various applications, including automotive assembly, building and construction, electronics, and medical devices. Many of these market areas are moving toward lighter weight and often lower cost plastic materials, but still require PSAs to bond various components. These lighter weight plastic components can be challenging to adhere to because they are generally much lower in surface energy, as seen in Table 2.1

MONOMER SELECTION As mentioned previously, a variety of (meth)acrylic monomers is available for use in the design of an acrylic PSA. These materials can be fairly polar or non-polar, depending on the length and chemical nature of the ester side chain. The polarity of a monomer can be expressed as solubility parameter2 (cal/cm3),1,2 and selecting a monomer with lower solubility parameters results in a final adhesive that can wet lower surface energy materials. Some common acrylic base monomers, functional monomers, and polar/non-polar glass-transition temperature (T g) modifying monomers, along with their corresponding glass-transition temperatures and solubility parameters, can be found in Table 3.3 Designing an acrylic PSA with monomers that have lower solubility parameters will inherently enable the PSA to wet a wider variety of materials, which can include various plastic substrates. September 2011

Table 1. Surface Energy of Various Materials and Common PSA

Figure 1. Chang’s Quadrant Approach to Material Classification

Table 2. Useful Plastic Materials Surface Energy Compared to Common Acrylic PSA

Table 3. Common Acrylic Monomers with Temperatures and Solubility Parameters

Figure 2. Adhesive Quadrants Classified as Adhesive Types

In Viscoelastic Windows of Pressure Sensitive Adhesives, 4 E.P. Chang details a quadrant approach of classifying polymeric materials by loss and storage modulus measurements. This method uses mechanical analysis to predict the ability of a material to flow. It does not predict wetting because it does not include surface energy effects. However, using these techniques, general application quadrants can be identified by material flow properties, as seen in Figure 1. From these quadrants, PSAs can be classified by their flow characteristic into types, which often translate into applicable market applications. As seen in Figure 2, quadrant 4, high G’’ low G’ materials, or Type 1 PSAs, generally are high-peel and lowSeptember 2011

shear materials that are usually high solids. These materials tend to be water based and are used in markets such as labels and graphics. Type 2, the central region of the viscoelastic window, includes moderate- to high-peel and moderate-shear materials. Type 2 PSAs are used in some high-performance label, vinyl graphic and medical applications. Quadrant 2 from the viscoelastic windows, or Type 3 adhesive, includes moderate-peel and high-shear materials. Type 3 PSAs can be used for high-performance tape applications. Quadrant 3, or Type 4, materials include a range of removable or temporary adhesives used for protective films and medical applications. A tool used in designing an acrylic PSA of desired viscoelastic properties is to modify the glass transition of the material. Traditionally, this is done by incorporating high Tg modifying, or chemically functional monomers, as shown previously in Table 3. However, incorporating significant amounts of these monomers into an acrylic-base polymer can raise the solubility parameter of the material such that it can no longer wet low-surface-energy substrates, thereby preventing an intimate bond. One traditional method of making an acrylic PSA chemically functional, so it can be chemically crosslinked, is through the incorporation of acrylic acid. Acrylic acid has a low molar equivalency weight and relatively high Tg, and can stiffen the acrylic-base polymer Adhesives & Sealants Industry

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ACRYLIC PRESSURE-SENSITIVE ADHESIVES Table 4. PSA Performance Test Methods Test

Condition

180° Peel (dwells of 15 min, 24 hr and one week)

Sample applied to a stainless steel panel with a 5-lb roller with one pass in each direction. Samples conditioned and tested at 23°C. Sample applied to a high-density polyethylene or polypropylene panel with a 5-lb roller with five passes in each direction. Samples conditioned and tested at 23°C.

Williams Plasticity Index (WPI)

A 2-g spherical ball of dried adhesive is subjected to a compression test using a 2-kg weight at 38.8°C for 15 min. Thickness of the sample after 15 min is reported.

Shear Strength

1-kg weight with a ½-in. by 1-in. overlap. Sample applied to a stainless steel panel with a 10-lb roller with five passes in each direction. Samples conditioned and tested at 23°C.

Shear Adhesion Failure Temp (SAFT)

1,000-g weight, 1-in. x 1-in. overlap (2.2 lbs/in.2). Sample applied to a stainless steel panel with a 10-lb roller with five passes in each direction. Samples conditioned for one hour at 23°C and 15 min at 40°C. Temperature increased by 0.5°C/min until failure.

Table 5. New Type 2 and 3 Polymer Designs

Table 6. Peel Adhesion to Stainless Steel (4.41 lbs/in.2 static shear) and WPI of Four Polymers

Table 7. Peel Adhesion to Polypropylene and High-Density Polyethylene

Figure 3. Peel Adhesion as a Function of Thermal Aging Time

because the acid functionality is very close to the main polymer chain. High molar equivalency weight acid functional acrylic monomer exists in the market. These materials tend to be lower Tg and do not stiffen the main acrylic base polymer as much as acrylic acid because the acid group is further removed from the backbone. Because the acid functionality on these materials is separated from the main chain by some chemical spacing group, the acid functionality is better able to take part in hydrogen bonding with a substrate. Higher molar equivalency acid functional materials also result in an overall lower solubility parameter polymer because there are less acid groups than an acrylic acid-containing system. These functional monomers are often the adducts of alcohol or amine functional (meth)acrylics and an anhydride, or ring-opened cyclic compounds, such as caprolactam.

TESTING Unless otherwise noted, the test methods shown in Table 4 were used for evaluating the adhesive properties of the acrylic polymers. Two acrylic-base polymers have been developed using low solubility parameter Tg-modifying and a high equivalency weight acid functional monomer. The new Type 2 and Type 3 polymers have a Tg of -45°C and -35°C, respectively, as shown in Table 5. The polymers were cast from solvent and crosslinked with aluminum acetyl acetonate. They were then compared to traditional, commercially available Type 2 and Type 3 polymers that contain short-chain polar Tg-modifying monomers, and acrylic acid. All PSA testing was performed at a 50 g/m2 coat weight, using a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) face stock. Test methods conform with PSTC 101. Table 6 displays the 180° peel adhesion to stainless steel (4.4 lbs/in.2 static shear) and the WPI of the traditional Type 2 and Type 3

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Table 8. Adhesive Performance for 20 PPH Loading Addition of Rosin Ester Tackifier

polymers, compared to the LSE Type 2 and Type 3 polymers. The properties of the new polymers are comparable to the traditional acrylic PSAs when measured on stainless steel. However, when the adhesion to common olefin substrates, like polypropylene and highdensity polyethylene, are measured, significant differences are evident (see Table 7). Both the traditional Type 2 and Type 3 polymers exhibit low peel values and severe zipping or slip stick on polypropylene, and smooth but low adhesion values on high- density polyethylene compared to the new LSE compositions.

TACKIFICATION The addition of a tackifying resin is an often-used method of improving adhesion to low-surface energy substrates. Tackifying resins are used to raise the Tg, lower the modulus, and often lower the solubility

September 2011

Table 9. Adhesion Data for 20 PPH Terpene Addition

parameter of an adhesive formulation. Tackifying resins can be classified into three groups: hydrocarbon resins are based on petroleum feed stocks and are synthetically polymerized; rosin- and terpene-based resins are derived from natural feed stocks and then chemically modified; and rosin ester tackifiers (one of the most common tackifiers used in acrylic PSAs) are the product of esterification of crude rosin acid with glycerol or other common multi-functional alcohol. Table 8 displays the adhesion performance, on both polypropylene and stainless steel, of a 20 parts-per-hundred (PPH) addition of an 85°C softening-point rosin ester to the base polymers mentioned above. The rosin ester tackifier enabled the traditional Type 2 polymer to adhere

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Table 10. Adhesive Performance of the LSE IPN Material Compared to the Terpene-Tackified Type 3 Polymer and a High-Strength Commercially Available Adhesive

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ASI06071Albion.indd 1

well to polypropylene, although the traditional Type 3 polymer still exhibited zipping and low adhesion with the rosin ester addition. Both LSE polymers exhibited the expected increase in peel associated with the tackifier addition while maintaining high shear performance. Terpene resins are produced by oligomerization of pinene and limonene to produce non-polar tackifiers with a low molecular weight and a high softening point. Terpene resins are not commonly used in acrylic PSAs because, traditionally, they have very limited solubility in acrylics containing polar monomers. However, when low-solubility acrylic monomers are used to design an acrylic PSA, like those of the LSE Type 2 and Type 3 mentioned previously, these non-polar tackifers become useful. Table 9 (p. 41) displays the adhesive performance of a 105°C softening-point polyterpene resin addition at a 20 PPH loading level to the four polymers above. The terpene addition to the LSE-type polymers results in a good, broad-based adhesive to low- and high-surface energy substrates, as well as excellent shear. However, the terpene resin results in a slight improvement in the case of the traditional Type 2, and zipping failures when added to the traditional Type 3. In addition to enhanced adhesion to low-surface-energy substrates, the LSE compositions and the terpene-tackified materials offer increased thermal stability over traditional rosin ester-containing acrylic PSAs. Thermal aging of several adhesive constructions was performed at 120°C on propylene test panels. Adhesion was measured prior to thermal exposure and every week thereafter for four weeks. Figure 3 (p. 40) displays the peel adhesion measured at each interval for a commercially available high-strength adhesive; a rosin ester-containing acrylic; an all-acrylic, low-solubility parameter composition; and a terpene-tackified low-solubility parameter acrylic. The rosin ester-containing acrylic and the commercially available high-strength adhesive experienced a dramatic decrease in adhesion upon thermal exposure. However, the all-acrylic composition retained virtually all its adhesion through four weeks of aging. The terpene-containing sample lost about 50% of its peel force over the four-week aging period, which is still superior to that of the control. This decrease in peel exhibited by the tackified materials is likely caused by residual unsaturation being oxidized in the tackifiers. The rosin ester used in this study is hydrogenated, but hydrogenation is never driven to 100% conversion. The terpene materials are inherently more saturated than the rosinbased tackifiers, but still contain some unsaturations. However, September 2011

5/9/07 1:54:51 PM

the terpene-tackified material offers a thermal stability improvement over rosin ester-containing adhesives.

For additional information, contact Avery Dennison Corp. at 250 Chester St. #5M, Painesville, OH 44077; phone (866) 462-8379; fax (440) 358-3298; email [email protected]; or visit www.stus.

INTER-PENETRATING NETWORKS Polyacrylate polyether inter-penetrating networks (IPNs) have been previously disclosed.5 These materials combine the elastomeric, high modulus and flexibility of a sealant with the wetting and viscoelastic characteristic of a PSA to produce a hybrid IPN high-performance PSA. Silane-functional telechelic polypropylene oxide is a class of reactive oligomer that can be used to make the IPN materials. The combination of the polypropylene oxide oligomer, which has a very low solubility parameter compared with the low solubility parameter of acrylic polymers previously discussed, allows for the production of high-performance adhesives that adhere very well to olefin substrates. Table 10 details the adhesive performance of an IPN—made using the Type 3 LSE acrylic discussed above, a propylene oxide oligmer and a terpene resin—in comparison to the terpenetackified Type 3 LSE polymer and a commercially available high-strength LSE adhesive. The IPN material exhibits enhanced peel and shear properties over the terpene-tackified base polymer alone. It also displays significantly higher WPI, indicating that the IPN material will slit and convert much easier. The enhancement in peel, shear and WPI suggests some synergistic effects of the polyacrylate polyether IPN system.

averydennison.com. Editor’s note: This article is based on a paper presented at the Pressure Sensitive Tape Council's TECH 34 conference.

REFERENCES 1. Petrie, E., Handbook of Adhesive and Sealants, McGraw-Hill, New York, 2000.

3. Brandrup, J., Immergut, E. H., and Grulke, E. A., “Glass Transition Temperatures of Polymers,” Polymer Handbook, Wiley, New Jersey, 1999, Vol. 1. 4. Chang, E. P., “Viscoelastic Properties of PressureSensitive Adhesives,” The Journal of Adhesion, 1997, Vol. 60, pp. 233-248. 5. Zajaczkowski, M., “Acrylate-Polyether Based Pressure Sensitive Adhesives,” Proceedings of the Pressure Sensitive Tape Council Tech 30 Global Conference VI, Orlando, FL, May 16-18, 2007, Pressure Sensitive Tape Council.

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The expanding use of lightweight LSE plastic materials in many common applications requiring PSAs has created the need for materials that can bond well to these new substrates. Acrylic PSAs exhibiting enhanced adhesion to these LSE plastics have been demonstrated. Common formulation additives, such as tackifiers, can be used. In addition, low solubility parameter tackifying resins—such as polyterpene resins—have shown applicability with these new acrylic PSAs. These allacrylic and terpene-tackified pressuresensitive materials also offer enhanced thermal stability over traditional rosin-containing adhesives. Finally, IPNs made with these low-solubility parameter acrylics enable the production of a high-performance hybrid PSA.

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FOCUS ON IPG’s customers receive a significant benefit through the sales and marketing staff ’s ability to deliver a high level of support. In addition, the North American-based team works together to develop and manufacture the majority of the company’s tapes in the U.S. IPG’s breadth of knowledge stems from over 30 years of industry-specific research that has resulted in quality solutions that meet and exceed customers’ expectations.

MARKET SOLUTIONS

An expansive line of de-paint and paint masking applications is available for the aerospace industry.

FOCUSED ON SOLUTIONS Through innovation and the development of partnerships with market leaders, IPG is able to provide specialized solutions to a variety of market segments. By Cindy Stoner, Director of Market Segments, and James Apap Bologna, Vice President of Corporate Marketing, Intertape Polymer Group ntertape Polymer Group (IPG) manufactures a broad range of tape and film-based products designed for industrial applications across a variety of market segments. The company’s goal is to provide a total solution comprising products that are developed specifically for market-based applications, especially in the aerospace, appliance, marine and transportation markets.

I

The team’s ability to meet customers’ needs by producing first-to-market product solutions and enhancing existing products creates a partnership that allows customers to improve their processes and productivity. Through innovation and the development of partnerships with market leaders, IPG is able to provide specialized solutions to a variety of market segments.

INNOVATION Innovation has driven economic growth since the Industrial Revolution. IPG’s focus on solutions for the needs of each market segment is driven by experience and knowledge in a range of market-specific applications and products. The company’s team spends considerable time and effort identifying customer-centric solutions through a robust R&D approach to innovation. 44

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TEAMWORK IPG has remained a leader in the industry by creating a specialty sales team with a fundamental understanding of each market’s needs. The company uses a large and ever-growing network of partnerships within each market it services, taking the time to understand and develop a solution for each customer’s unique need.

IPG is focused on meeting industry challenges with product solutions for a variety of applications. The company has developed an expansive line of de-paint and paint masking applications that have allowed it to become a single-source supplier for the aerospace industry. IPG American Brand ® hightemperature premium paper masking tape reduces the need for a fineline tape. In addition, OEMs have found that the fine structure paper backing offers the strength and conformability needed for the many contours found in aerospace industry painting applications. The high-performance tape is able to maintain an excellent paint line with the most advanced high solids and chromefree coating systems. IPG’s products are compatible and proven to perform with a variety of the advanced coatings available in the transportation industry. As one of the leading suppliers with over 50 years of manufacturing experience in the area of performance pressure-sensitive tapes for masking and surface protection, the company continues to launch new products to address new paint systems, such as waterborne paints used in the automotive repair industry. In addition, IPG’s military spec- and OEM-approved Intertape brand ALF300 3.0 mil premium aluminum foil tape offers superior performance when used for solvent masking, high-speed holding, and dampening applications. The product line also extends to the wind blade manufacturing industry; IPG was the first to develop a masking tape designed to address the challenges of this production environment. IPG has also created a line of tapes designed specifically for appliance manufacturers. While IPG continues to be a September 2011

. e r u C d o o G m m M m Mm

UV Cures You Can Count On. Product development for transportation addresses new paint systems.

MAX Super Spot MK III

FibreFireTM Green Spot

Rely on a century of combined experience from American Ultraviolet, Lesco and UV Source to provide you with the true cure to bond substrates that use UV-curable adhesives. Our high-intensity spot curing systems feature: s True optical feedback that constantly maintains output s True system integration for custom situations s FibreFire™ fiber optic light guides s 2-year warranty on parts and labor

The company is focused on developing a new generation of tapes that provide long-awaited solutions for appliance manufacturers.

key supplier to the appliance industry, the company is focused on developing a new generation of tapes that provide longawaited solutions. Working with customers and listening to their needs are crucial to the company’s success. IPG’s commitment to exceeding customer expectations is delivered through its innovation and customer-centric approach to industry solutions. The company’s experience and desire to meet market challenges head-on by developing quality products for focus market segments sets it ahead of the curve as an industry leader.

There are only so many things you can always count on. For UV solutions, count on American Ultraviolet – you and your projects will soon be cured.

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800-288-9288 s 800-615-3726 West

For more information, visit www.itape.com.

September 2011

Adhesives & Sealants Industry

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WHAT’S NEW EQUIPMENT BROOKFIELD STRENGTH TEST SYSTEM

A complete system is now available for performing the Gelatin Bloom Strength Test. The system includes Brookfield’s enhanced CT3 texture analyzer for measuring bloom strength, two baths and one refrigeration unit for gelatin preparation. The enhanced texture analyzer reportedly combines simplicity of operation for users at all levels of experience with an expanded test method capability in both compression and tension modes of operation. Phone: (800) 628-8139 Web: www.brookfieldengineering.com/products/ texture-analysis/ct3.asp

NORDSON MINIPUR MELTER

The new MiniPUR melter system can reportedly provide a complete, cost-efficient PUR handgun application solution in a “single box.” The tankbased system can handle up to 4 liters of PUR

material from various formats, including slugs and pellets/pastels. Low-volume users can use PUR adhesive for woodworking applications such as cabinet construction and furniture assembly. Web: www.nordson.com

CHARLES ROSS & SON CO. EXPLOSION-PROOF CONTROL PANELS

Ross SysCon recently announced its new line of explosion-proof control panels. The operator station includes a digital readout for speed and cycle time in a new interface, and a more compact design. It is designed to be mounted close to the mixer in a hazardous area and wired to a variable-frequency drive that is installed outside the mixing room. Type X or Z purge control panels are also available for users who require mixer portability with no remote wiring. Ross SysCon is one of five U.S. manufacturing facilities under the Ross group of companies. Ross also has international plants in China and India. Phone: (800) 243-ROSS Web: www.mixers.com

P R O D U C T & L I T E R AT U R E

Showcase METTLER TOLEDO offers many analytical solutions in the quality control of polyols and isocyanates, such as molecular weight, total acidity, specific gravity and water content.

Contact: George McLean Market Manager-Titration Phone: 614-438-4853 E-mail: [email protected] www.mt.com

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September 2011

P R I VAT E L A B E L I N G S E R V I C E S

SERVICES MARKETPLACE D I S T R I B U T I O N S E RV I C E S Heigl Technologies ...................................................................................... 47

L A B O R AT O R Y & T E S T I N G S E R V I C E S Chemsultants International Network ............................................................ 48 Delsen Testing Laboratories .......................................................................... 48

M A N U FA C T U R I N G & P R O C E S S I N G S E R V I C E S Polymeric Systems, Inc. ............................................................................... 48 Resin Lab .................................................................................................... 48

Seeking Private Label Business • Seeking new Private Label/toll manufacturing for solvent-free adhesives, sealants/coatings. • Leader in North American polyether technology • Multiple packaging configurations • Standard and custom formulations • Excellent turnaround w/newly expanded capacities • Dedicated R&D facility [email protected] 800-826-1681 • www.chemlinkinc.com

P R I VAT E L A B E L I N G S E R V I C E S ChemLink.................................................................................................... 47 The Ruscoe Company .................................................................................. 47asi0211class-chemlink.indd This index is a feature maintained for the convenience of the advertiser. It is not part of the advertiser’s contract, and ASI assumes no responsibility for its accuracy.

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Heigl Adhesives will provide distribution services tailored to your manufacturing needs. *Epoxies *Hot Melts *Cyanacrylates *Anaerobics *Urethanes *Silicones

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C C compliant, Consider: VOC ppremium products ducts in your ccompany’s name. ame. FFor additional ial information, and a confidential review of your requirements,, oe. please E-Mail: Sales@Ruscoe. com or call Paul MIchalec, President, at 330.253.8148

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SERVICES MARKETPLACE

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A Adhesives & Sealants Industry iis a FREE magazine serving global manufacturers, g fformulators and end users of Don’t forget to sign up to adhesives and sealants, pressure a ASI’s free eNewsletter. ssensitives, and other adhesive/ ssealant products. www.adhesivesmag.com/renewonline September June 2011

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Adhesive & Sealants manufacturing, packaging, and marketing.

A leader in the grinding and dispersion industries

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A 25 year old company serving industrial OEM and retail markets, directly and through distribution.The company supplies various high end adhesive technologies for structural and non structural applications with well recognized brand names in both industrial and retail markets.They provide engineer or architect specified adhesive formulations, private label opportunities, in bulk or convenience packaging to over 500 OEM customers in a wide range of product assembly markets. The company has niche retail distribution along the entire Atlantic Coast and sees excellent growth opportunities in new markets with very limited competition. The owners are willing to stay on for an appropriate transition period,and may consider creative buy out options. Please respond to adhesives101@ gmail.com.

Immersion Mills Mixers Tank & Tote Washers Particle Size Analysis Dispersers Vessels

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September 2011

Adhesives & Sealants Industry

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49

ASK

AD INDEX

DR.DAVE

QUESTION: We are looking for a compatible pipe sealant that is resistant to hot concentrated sodium hydroxide. The installation will use gaskets with 316 stainless steel flanges. ANSWER: Although fluoroelastomers (ASTM designation: FKM) have often been used for aggressive chemical resistant applications, the normal grades tend to dehydrochlorinate under extreme basic conditions. For maximum longevity, the rubber in your seals should be compounded from special forms of fluoroelastomers that usually have the letters BR (base-resistant) before the number designation. The best products for this type of application have traditionally been perfluoroelastomers (ASTM designation: FFKM rubber). These elastomers, however, are extremely expensive. A much more cost-effective elastomer to consider is a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and propylene (ASTM designation: FEPM rubber). You may have to test some of these products to determine the longevity of the seals in your plant and the cost effectiveness of the different technologies. QUESTION: Can I use a cyanoacrylate adhesive in an application that is frequently exposed to water?

ASK

ANSWER: A few years ago, the answer to this question would have been a definite “No, we would not recommend these adhesives.” The most common cyanoacrylates have been traditionally been based on methyl or ethyl cyanoacrylate monomers, and the polymerized adhesives do get hydrolyzed by water. However, recent formulations have changed this situation considerably. New rubber-toughened cyanoacrylates have improved moisture resistance. By using different monomers or certain plasticizers, adhesives can be designed to resist hot water (such as hot dishwasher water).

DR.DAVE

Do You Have a Question for Dr. Dave?

Visit www.adhesivesmag.com and click on Ask Dr. Dave in the left-hand column.

Accumetric LLC

www.accumetricinc.com

18

Adhesive & Sealant Council, Inc.

www.ascouncil.org

36

Adhesive & Sealant Council, Inc.

www.ascouncil.org

46

Adhesive & Sealant Council, Inc.

www.ascouncil.org

20

Adhesive Packaging Specialties

www.adhesivepackaging.com

9

Air Products And Chemicals

www.airproducts.com/surfactants

8

Albion Engineering Co.

www.albioneng.com

42

American Ultraviolet Co

www.americanultraviolet.com

45

CAS-MI/EAG Labs

www.cas-mi.com

28

Celanese

www.celanese-emulsions.com

13

Chem Show Int’l Exposition

www.chemshow.com

33

Chemquest Int’l Network

www.chemquest.com

34

Conn & Co.

www.connblade.com

14

Dow Construction Chemicals

www.dowconstructionchemicals.com

29

Dynasol, LLC

www.dynasolelastomers.com

32

Emerald Performance Materials

www.emeraldmaterials.com

35

Evonik Industries AG

www.evonik.com/designed-polymers

11

Evonik Industries AG

www.evonik.com/adhesives-sealants

27

ExxonMobil Chemical Co.

www.escorez.com

23

F.L.D. Enterprises

[email protected]

37

Gabriel Performance Products

www.gabepro.com

26

Green Manufacturing Expo

www.GreenMfgExpo.com

43

Huntsman Polyurethanes

www.huntsman.com/pu/ace

31

Imass, Inc.

www.imass.com

42

Intertape Polymers Group

www.itape.com

IBC

ISP Performance Chemicals

www.ispcoatings.com/water

15

Kraton Polymers

www.kraton.com

25

Magnum Venus Plastech

www.mvpind.com

21

Masosine

www.masosine.com

19

Max Machinery Inc.

www.maxmachinery.com

37

Merlin Packaging Technologies Inc.

www.merlinpackaging.com

10

NuSil Technology

www.nusil.com/asi

IFC

Poly-Clip Systems

www.polyclip.com

BC

Ross, Charles & Son Co.

www.mixers.com

3

Semco Packaging & Applications Systems www.semcopackaging.com

Dr. Dave Dunn is a former vice president and director of Loctite Corp. and has spent many years troubleshooting adhesive and sealant problems in the adhesives, sealants, specialty rubbers, and plastics fields. Questions for publication should be directed to him at 242 Trails End, Aurora, OH 44202; (330) 562-2930;

7

State Mix

www.statemix.com

41

Union Tool Corp.

www.uniontoolcorp.com

22

Univar USA Inc.

[email protected]

Wacker Silicones

www.wacker.com/knows-solutions

4 17

FAX (330) 247-1690; email [email protected]; or visit www.fldenterprises.com. Any views or opinions expressed in this column are those of the author and do not represent those of Adhesives & Sealants Industry, its staff, Editorial Advisory Board or BNP Media.

50

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This index is a feature maintained for the convenience of the advertiser. It is not part of the advertiser’s contract, and ASI assumes no responsibility for its accuracy.

September 2011

SURROUNDING CUSTOMERS WITH SOLUTIONS CARTON SEALING TAPES ∙ MACHINERY ∙ STRETCH FILMSHRINK FILM ∙ AIR PILLOWS ∙ INDUSTRIAL TAPES cP[HWLJVTcPUMV'P[HWLJVT

A Simple Suggestion to Help You Squeeze More Profit Out of Every Cartridge

Get Rid of the Cartridge Poly-clip introduces a low-cost alternative to expensive cans and pre-formed single-use cartridges. The Poly-clip foil-pack tube for lubricants, adhesives and sealants. And, because one roll of film makes thousands of tubes it offers a consistently better seal with lower equipment, materials and maintenance costs than vertical tube forming systems and heat seal closures.

Environmentally conscious consumers will appreciate the fact that an empty tube is less than 8% the size of an empty cartridge

Poly-Clip System 1000 Tower Road, Mundelein, IL 60060 • Phone (847) 949-2800 • Fax (847) 949-2815 Email: [email protected] • 1-800-usa-clip (800)872-2547 • Visit our website: www.polyclip.com