Paint & Coating Industry August 2011

August 2011 VOLUME 27, NUMBER 8

INSIDE Expansion of Color Space Foam-Control Solutions

Paint

Coatings Industry

New Water-Soluble Catalyst

Globally Serving Liquid and Powder Formulators and Manufacturers

Lab/Testing Equipment

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Cinilex Cinilex Yellow Ci Yellow ow SY2T SY2T (PY110) (PY1 (P Y110 10))

Cinilex Cini Ci nille ex DPP DPP Orange DP Orran a ge SJ1C SJ1C SJ 1C (PO73) (PO O7 73 3)

Cinilex C ni Ci nile nile ex DPP DP D PP PP Rubine Rub Ru biine n SR6T SR S R6T 6T (PR264) (P PR R R26 264) 26 64) 4)

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Cinilex Ciniile Cini Ci l x Red R d SR4C Re SR R4C C (PR177) ( R177 (P 77 7)

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www.cinic.com HEADQUARTERS

CINIC CHEMICALS(SHANGHAI) CO., LTD. 1730 Huilian Road, Qingpu Industrial Park Shanghai 201707, P.R. China Tel:+86 21 5240 0178 Fax:+86 21 5240 0136 E-mail: [email protected]

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CINIC CHEMICALS EUROPE Sarl

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32

CONTENTS PAINT & COATINGS INDUSTRY, VOLUME 27, NUMBER 8

August 2011

FEATURES 22 The Art and Science of Paint Deformulation, CAS-MI Laboratories 28 Change Your Approach to Establishing Sieve Specifications, CSC Scientific Company, Inc. 32 New Water-Soluble Catalyst for Two-Component Waterborne Polyurethane Coatings, Reaxis Inc. 38 Foam-Control Solutions That Meet Today’s Tighter Environmental Regulations, Emerald Performance Materials Specialties Group 42 Expansion of Color Space in Architectural Coatings, Colortrend USA LLC

42

ONLINE FEATURES w w w. pcimag.com Micro-Thin Clear Coating Provides Properties Similar to Hardened Glass, Superior Coatings New Testing Capabilities Better Serve Medical Coatings Customers, Bayer MaterialScience LLC New San Diego Cruise Terminal Features ColorShifting Coatings, PPG Industries, Inc. Recent Developments in Bulk Bag Fillers and Dischargers, Spiroflow Systems, Inc. New Cool Roof Coating System Provides Increase in Life Cycle Energy Savings, APV Engineered Coatings®

DEPARTMENTS 6 Industry News 14 Names in the News 16 Company News 47 Calendar of Events 48 Products 54 Advertiser Index

BUSINESS TOOLS

ON THE COVER:

20 Testing Showcases

Photo courtesy of Perstorp.

37 Corporate Profile 46 Supplier Showcases

PCI - PAINT & COATINGS INDUSTRY (ISSN 0884-3848) is published 12 times annually, monthly, by BNP Media, 2401 W. Big Beaver Rd., Suite 700, Troy, MI 48084-3333. Telephone: (248) 362-3700, Fax: (248) 362-0317. No charge for subscriptions to qualified individuals. Annual rate for subscriptions to nonqualified individuals in the U.S.A.: $115.00 USD. Annual rate for subscriptions to nonqualified individuals in Canada: $149.00 USD (includes GST & postage); all other countries: $165.00 (int’l mail) payable in U.S. funds. Printed in the U.S.A. Copyright 2011, by BNP Media. All rights reserved. The contents of this publication may not be reproduced in whole or in part without the consent of the publisher. The publisher is not responsible for product claims and representations. Periodicals Postage Paid at Troy, MI and at additional mailing offices. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to: PCI - PAINT & COATINGS INDUSTRY, P.O. Box 2145, Skokie, IL 60076. Canada Post: Publications Mail Agreement #40612608. GST account: 131263923. Send returns (Canada) to Pitney Bowes, P.O. Box 25542, London, ON, N6C 6B2. Change of address: Send old address label along with new address to PCI - PAINT & COATINGS INDUSTRY, P.O. Box 2145, Skokie, IL 60076. For single copies or back issues: contact Ann Kalb at (248) 244-6499 or [email protected].

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Printed in the U.S.A.

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I NDUSTRY NEWS

BASF Releases Automotive Color Forecast SOUTHFIELD, MI – BASF Coatings’ international design team has released its global trend report. In the report, color experts from Asia, North America and Europe provide a forecast of the automotive colors of the future. The forecast is based on in-depth research of social developments and fashion trends. Global trends are expressed by different colors, depending on the region. People from various regions often have different color perceptions that are influenced by culture. There is no one single global megatrend. The ecology movement is continuing around the globe. However, there is a shift from ecological activism to more realistic approaches. As a result, the image of ecology is changing. Prosperity – even luxury

– and ecology are no longer perceived as mutually exclusive concepts. This type of connection can be observed among the colors in North America. The trend toward blues is continuing. Earth tones reflect the new ecological awareness. The new impression of “green luxury”

Unique colors and combinations are achieved in beige and "greige", a mixture of gray and beige.

Making bubbles is child’s play.

appears in combination with a subtle or significantly reduced sparkle. This trend is also embodied by the colors mushroom, mint or broken white. Our world is marked by rapid technological progress. Humans and technology are coming closer together. For this reason, colors have a very artificial effect. On the other hand, they are also derived from humans, as exemplified by skintoned silver. We will be able to see colors like LED blue, brilliant turquoise, sparkling black or bright red in the future. Matte finishes especially reinforce the technical impression. Migration, diversity and cultural identity are shaping the image of society. Cultural diversity is also accompanied by a new type of color. Starting with various

Controlling them requires Emerald’s advanced FOAM BLAST® technology. Effective foam control is necessary to help prevent unsightly defects and processing problems in coatings, inks, adhesives, latex processing and a wide array of other industrial end-uses. The introduction of higher performance formulations, combined with stricter environmental regulations mandating lower VOCs, means that foam control solutions that once worked may no longer be up to the challenge. That’s why Emerald continues to invest in advanced technologies to ensure our defoamers and anti-foam products meet all of today’s processing challenges. Our FOAM BLAST® defoamers have a proven track record for providing reliable and long-lasting persistent foam control in numerous industrial markets around the globe. We continue to expand our portfolio to offer products that meet not only today’s requirements, but also those of tomorrow. This includes low- and zero-VOC defoamers. No one does a better job when is comes to solving even the toughest foam control problems. Call 1-866-688-FOAM today to learn how we effectively make foam control look like child’s play. Email: [email protected]

For information on these and other Emerald products such as Hilton Davis® 0-VOC and Black Shield™ dispersions, MASIL® functional silicones, Kalama™ K-Flex® non-phthalate plasticizers, CVC specialty epoxies and more visit:

Group

www.emeraldmaterials.com FOAM BLAST® is a registered trademark of Emerald Performance Materials, LLC.

© 2010 Emerald Performance Materials, LLC

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AUGUST 2011 | W W W . P C I M A G . C O M

Water-based microbial control from ISP Capture the Value of Aqueous Dispersions

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Cost control

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Solvent-free, highly concentrated aqueous dispersions with reduced volume requirements

High performing, water-based dry film and in-can protection additives available in 20% to 40% concentrations

pH neutral, APE-surfactant free products for safer handling and better compatibility with today’s formulations

Find out what it means to capture the value of water-based microbial control. Visit ispcoatings.com/water

I NDUSTRY NEWS browns with subtle effects that connect to home and one’s own roots, the trend is also moving toward exotic and bold, brilliant colors such as yellow, violet and emerald. Another driving force among the trends is individualism. This is expressed in the colors that stand for something new or unique.

The drive towards innovation is based in two areas: the coatings technology and the colorants used to combine and bring out special properties. BASF Coatings’ design departments work closely with technical groups to identify products showing the greatest promise in color.

Color, the global leader in Low and VOC free colorant technology for more than 15 years. Our continuous investment in colorant research and development keeps our customers competitive with technical performance requirements and up-to-date with ever-changing legislative actions. CPS Color specializes in colorant systems ranging from the latest in environmentally responsible decorative options to high strength industrial product systems. Our color experts make converting colorant technologies seamless and worry-free; navigating customers through every step of the process. When combined with our state-of-the-art dispensing equipment you are assured the best possible compatibility and overall system performance.

The power of integrated tinting, that’s the CPS Color difference. www.cpscolor.com

Color redefined.

Forward thinking color solutions come from CPS

Global supplier of integrated tinting solutions: • CPSCOLOR™ colorants • COROB™ tinting system equipment • Software • Color marketing • Worldwide service and customer support CPS Color 7295 West Winds Blvd. Concord, NC 28027 USA 800.728.8408

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AUGUST 2011 | W W W . P C I M A G . C O M

A new Web site takes visitors on a virtual tour through the work and presentation rooms of the BASF Coatings’ Design Studio in Münster, Germany. To start exploring, visit www.colordesign.basf.com.

PC Forum Unlocks Intricacies of Powder Coating Formulation COLUMBUS, OH – The 2011 Powder Coatings Forum was held June 7-8 in Columbus, OH. Co-produced by The Powder Coating Research Group (PCR) and PCI Magazine, the two-day workshop and symposium provided information for both novice chemists and those with years of experience.

On the morning of day one, attendees received information on formulation basics from PCR’s Kevin Biller, as well as speakers from Key Finishes and Keyland Polymer Ltd. After lunch, the group received a hands-on learning experience at a live demonstration of the powder coating manufacturing process and testing procedures at PCR’s local research lab. Day two consisted of a symposium led by industry experts illuminating the latest powder coating materials and processing technology. Presentations included speakers from Benda-Lutz Corp., Radex UV Powder Coating, Innotek Powder Coatings, 3M, The Powder Coating Institute, Americo Chemical Products and Clariant Corp. Independent Consultant Dr. Michael Clingerman also delivered a paper on day two. During numerous networking breaks, attendees had the opportunity to visit with PCF’s sponsors and exhibitors, including DeFelsko, BYK Additives & Instruments, Cytec Industries, Keyland Polymer Ltd. and Precision Quincy.

Demand Grows for HighPerformance Pigments LEATHERHEAD UK – Worldwide high-performance pigment (HPP) consumption is currently estimated at 136,600 tonnes and expected to reach 175,200 tonnes by 2015, according to a new study by IntertechPira. Rising oil and raw materials prices, coupled with the economic climate, are

Markets:

Architectural Coatings

Industrial Coatings

Container Automotive

Civil Aerospace Engineering

Coatings Technologies:

SolventBorne Coatings

WaterBorne Coatings

Powder Coatings

Surface/Substrate:

Wood

Brick

Concrete

Marine & Maintenance

UV Coatings

Metal

Stucco

High Solids Coatings

Vinyl

Plastic

Brenntag understands change is normal for the Coatings Industry. As the Coatings Industry has evolved through the years, Brenntag’s Paint and Coatings Team continues to provide our customers with the products and services to stay competitive in the marketplace. Whether you face different markets, technologies, or substrate applications, Brenntag’s Paint and Coatings Team can help you to adapt and make change work to your advantage.

Brenntag offers a complete specialty and industrial product portfolio, technical assistance with product development, formulations and applications know-how, superior logistics with versatile blending and re-packaging capabilities, and last, but not least, commitment to quality and safety. Change demands innovation and creativity. Brenntag Understands. Brenntag North America, Inc. (610) 926-6100 Ext: 3858 [email protected] brenntagnorthamerica.com

The Glocal® Chemical Distributor.

I NDUSTRY NEWS significant challenges for the high-performance pigments market. But in spite of this, long-term demand for HPPs will continue to grow, especially in some important markets, such as the printing inks and packaging segments.

IntertechPira predicts average global growth for HPPs in excess of four percent for both volume and value over the next five years. Much of this growth is due to the increase in demand for cleaner, brighter colors with high resistance prop-

Supplied with hubs or mounting holes required to retrofit and upgrade present equipment.

erties. However, with more competition in the market, and with the entrance of new players, pricing is under severe pressure, which is allowing for the use of HPPs in new applications. According to IntertechPira, Asia is the largest regional market by sales value, with total forecast sales in 2015 of $1.64 billion, followed closely by Europe, with sales of $1.58 billion. North America is the third-largest market, with sales expected to amount to just over $1 billion in 2015. Asia will command 37.3 percent of the global market, Europe 36 percent and North America 23.2 percent. China is the biggest pigment producer in the world with rapidly increasing output in recent years. China is also the biggest pigment exporter. Exports of pigments reached 1.1 million tonnes in 2009. China’s pigment industry is driven mainly by its thriving downstream industries, such as coatings, ink, plastic, rubber, papermaking and textiles. The country’s coatings industry, for instance, which consumes close to half of all China-produced pigments, is experiencing output growth of 20 percent year on year. According to IntertechPira, the largest end-use sector is coatings. Sales of coatings are forecast to reach 97,900 tonnes in 2015, or 55.8 percent of the total market. This is followed by the plastics segment, which is forecast to account for 39,100 tonnes of HPP sales in 2015, or 22.3 percent of the total. The report, The Future of High Performance Pigments III – Market Forecasts to 2015, provides a detailed analysis of the current and future demand for high-performance pigments on a global scale over the next five years. For further information, contact Bill Allen at william.allen@ pira-international.com.

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TROY, MI – Coatings Trends & Technologies provides a global, resource-rich environment where attendees can engage with industry experts to learn about new products and developments that will improve coating formulation. This 1½-day event allows formulators to customize their educational and networking experience through concurrent technical sessions and an interactive exhibit hall. The full conference agenda and a current list of exhibitors and sponsors can be viewed at www.coatingsconference.com.

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GRINDING MEDIA FOR ALL MILLING APPLICATIONS

TZMI Releases Annual Review of TiO2 Pigment Market

Any density - any diameter - any composition Zirconium Oxide, Glass, Steel, Steel Shot, Tungsten Carbide, Alumina, Silicon Carbide, Silicon Nitride, Ottawa Sand, Agate, Titanium Oxide, Flint Pebbles, Rare Earth ZrO/CeO, Nickel, Plastics, etc. Precision Glass Balls for ball bearings, check valves, level gauges and low temperature critical applications are also available Small orders welcome. www.glenmills.com

VICTORIA PARK, Australia – The second edition of TiO2 Pigment Annual Review has just been released by independent industry experts TZMI. TZMI reports that the TiO2 industry is currently rebounding from years of persistently low margins, and this trend appears likely to continue for several years, provided a macroeconomic calamity such as the 2008 global financial crisis does not recur. TZMI expects global demand for the pigment to grow by 4.4 percent CAGR in the period 2010 to 2013, with demand in North America growing by 2.2 percent and 6.7 percent in AsiaPacific. Total global demand is expected to grow from 5.31 million metric tons in 2010 to 6.05 million metric tons in 2013. For more information about the report, visit http://www.tzmi.com.

Adhesive and Sealant Council Releases Market Report

Large stocks - Competitive Prices - Attentive service. Please phone for full information and prices.

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I NDUSTRY NEWS

BETHESDA, MD – The Adhesive and Sealant Council (ASC) released its North American Market Report (NAMR) for adhesives and sealants, a report published every three years. This report spans the 20102013 time period. The NAMR covers market size and scope for both adhesives and sealants, and includes forecasting and trends analysis. ASC estimates the global adhesives and sealants market at $40.5 billion in sales, with 3.3 percent annual growth rate through 2013. ASC estimates the North American adhesives and sealants market at $11.1 billion, with 2.2 percent annual growth rate through 2013. Visit www.ascouncil.org/news/reports/marketreport11.cfm for additional information. 

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1/27/09 1:20:31 PM

We are thinking about the same thing you are… How to make your products greener and their performance pure gold. Our customers come to us to help them stay ahead of competitive pressures by helping to re-formulate existing products and innovate new ones – meeting “green” goals while preserving and even enhancing performance. We call it Greenability. You’ll call it genius. 2 Another fine result of the Innovation Principle – . Let us help you work through the formula for Greenability.

i

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N AMES IN THE NEWS  Scott Deakins has joined Deacom Inc. as Software Operations Manager. Mark Colflesh has joined the company as Support Specialist, and Janine Zinski has joined Deacom as Director of Marketing. Todd Shilhanek was promoted to Imple-

mentation and Support Manager. Carol Martin was promoted to Human Resources Manager in addition to her current duties as Office Manager and Assistant to the President. Amanda Mackedanz was promoted to Vice President of Sales.

Solutions for

Paints & Coatings Independent Laboratory k Analytical & Physical Testing k Deformulation k Contaminant Identification k Failure Analysis k Litigation Support Innovation Center k Product Development k Formulation Support k Scale-up k Toll Manufacturing

 AkzoNobel Specialty Plastics,

Soliant has appointed Doug Goldstein Marketing Manager for Film and Coatings.

 Lintech International LLC has relocated Aly-

Goldstein son Gusman from the company’s Macon, GA, headquarters to a sales position in Dallas, TX. Lintech has also hired Betsy Maeker, who will focus on the coatings and building products industries.

 Cognis Corp. has named Kangming Ma Business Director of the QTA business group based in Cincinnati.

 Clariant has appointed Hans-Joachim Müller to the Executive Committee. He will be responsible for the Catalysis & Energy and Functional Materials business units.  DKSH’s

Business Unit Performance Materials has appointed Atul S. Nagarkar as the new Country Manager for its India operation.

 Pat O’Brien

has joined

Archway Sales Inc. as a

Nagarkar

Technical Sales Representative for the company’s Midwest region. Julian Rodriguez has joined the company in the Midwest Region as a member of the company’s Customer Service Team.

 Michelman has promoted Steve Ruehrwein to Global Business Unit Manager, Chemical Specialties. Marty Riehemann has been named VP/Chief Commercial Officer. Bob Poletti has been named VP/Chief Marketing and Business Development Officer. Rick Michelman has been appointed VP/Chief Technology Officer.  Arkema Emulsion Systems has named Brian Vallieu Plant Manager for the company’s plant in Alsip, IL. Don Eastepp has been named Plant Manager at the facility in St. Charles, LA, and Charles Pages has been named Manager of the Torrance, CA, plant.

888.772.9000

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AUGUST 2011 | W W W . P C I M A G . C O M

 Hans Wijers, Chief Executive Officer of

Akzo Nobel N.V., has decided to step down in 2012. Ton Büchner has been selected as the company’s new Chief Executive Officer. 

“You may never have to mill your products again.” The Ross PreMax is far more efficient than any disperser or pre-mixer available today. Dispersing solids such as TiO2, carbon black and phthalo blue, it routinely reduces the number of passes needed through a mill. In many applications the PreMax eliminates the need for a media mill entirely! For more detailed application information and a closer look at the patented, high-flow PreMax Delta generator, visit www.mixers.com/premax John Paterson PreMax Inventor Employee Owner

Contact Ross today to arrange a no-charge test in our laboratory. Call 1-800-243-ROSS Or visit mixers.com

The PreMax with a Delta generator operates with a tip speed of 5,000 fpm and handles viscosity up to 50,000 cP.

*Patent No. 6,000,840

C O M PANY NEWS

Ross Mixing Expands Port St. Lucie Plant to service and stock a multi-milliondollar inventory of new and reconditioned mixing equipment. The same facility is also responsible for building a wide range of laboratory and production-scale models, including rotor/stator mixers, high-speed dispersers, multi-shaft mixers, planetary mixers and ribbon blenders. Along with the plant expansion, Ross Mixing Inc. has increased its workforce by 25 percent.

PORT ST. LUCIE, FL – Ross Mixing Inc. has completed a 12,000-square-foot plant expansion of its facility in Port St. Lucie, FL. This is the facility’s fifth and largest renovation since opening in 1988. The 45,000-square-foot plant is one of five U.S. manufacturing locations of Charles Ross & Son Co., a producer of specialty mixing, blending, drying and dispersion equipment. The company’s Trial/Rental Program relies on the Port St. Lucie plant

Arkema Forms New Coatings Business Unit CARY, NC – Arkema has combined the assets of its existing Arkema Emulsion Systems with those recently acquired from TOTAL to form Arkema Coating Resins. With more than 20 coating production facilities, six dedicated R&D labs, and multiple sales and management offices, Arkema Coating Resins is

now one of the largest producers of raw materials for coatings formulators in the world. The new business offers many different product lines, including water and solvent-based alkyds, polyester resins, powder coating resins, high solid acrylic polyols, additives, and a wide range of waterborne emulsions, including 100-percent acrylic, styrene

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AUGUST 2011 | W W W . P C I M A G . C O M

Mason Color’s high performance pigment technology for coatings provides the ultimate in heat resistance, UV durability, and chemical resistance. Our mixed metal oxide pigments meet the most exacting color and durability requirements of the defense, architectural, stove and heating products, and roofing industries. These pigments add vibrant color to building facades, stove equipment, exhaust parts and outdoor furnishings and equipment. These advanced technology pigments can be incorporated into any coating platform including powder coatings, electrocoat, high solids and waterborne paints.

Mason Color Works, Inc. A History of Pigment Technology Excellence Mason Color Works has been manufacturing high temperature, inorganic pigments since 1842. For more than 40 years Mason Color has been a global supplier of high performance pigments to all sectors of the ceramic industry including pottery, artware, bricks, sanitaryware and roofing materials. In the last 45 years, Mason Color has expanded into the high technology Investment Casting Industry. Our ISO Compliant Cobalt Aluminate products are integral in the manufacturing jet turbine blades and medical devices. In the 1990s heralded the emergence of the fireplace gas log industry and Mason Color's participation as a supplier of high quality, high temperature pigments for this use. Soon thereafter, the Swimming Pool and Spa colorant industry embraced Mason's pigment technology. Our high quality pigment exceed the demands for resistance to punishing UV energy and the aggressive chemicals used in swimming pools. Our fully outfitted Powder Coating Laboratory and skilled technicians will help you choose the perfect color for your most demanding requirements.

C O M PANY NEWS acrylic, vinyl acrylic, ethylene-modified polymers and many others.

Malvern Establishes New Entity in Canada MALVERN, UK – Materials characterization company Malvern Instruments has estab-

lished Malvern Instruments Canada, a new direct entity that will support Malvern’s expanding customer base in Canada. The move follows many years of successful cooperation in Canada with Spectra Research Co., Mississauga, Ontario. Malvern customers in Canada can now call 800/932.0101.

E.W. Kaufmann Co. to Distribute Bisomer Product Line BRISTOL, PA – E.W. Kaufmann Co. has been named the national distributor of the Bisomer monomer product line. A variety of products, including the line of Bisomer monomers, are produced at a Cognis manufacturing site in Hythe, UK. The sale of this facility to Geo Specialty Chemicals was announced June 2. As of July 1, 2011, EW Kaufmann Co. became the only active reseller of the Bisomer product line in the United States. For additional information, e-mail [email protected].

U.S. Zinc Signs Distribution Agreement With Velox HOUSTON – U.S. Zinc has signed an agreement with Velox to distribute zinc oxide in the United Kingdom, France, Italy and the Benelux countries (Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg). The agreement enhances U.S. Zinc’s European presence.

Eastman to Debottleneck Isobutyric Acid KINGSPORT, TN – Eastman Chemical Co. is planning a significant debottlenecking in the manufacture of its isobutyric acid at its Longview, TX, facility. The production debottleneck, scheduled for a December 2011 completion, will add an additional 20 million pounds of capacity to help support growing internal and external needs for the acid.

Rhodia Increases Hydroquinone Production Capacity/Plans Joint Venture in Russia

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AUGUST 2011 | W W W . P C I M A G . C O M

PARIS – Rhodia and SIBUR have signed a letter of intent to create a joint venture in specialty surfactants. The alliance will focus on creating a leader in the CIS market. Rhodia will provide its expertise in surfactant technologies, its knowledge of formulations and market applications, and its customer network, including global key accounts with a strong presence in this region. SIBUR, a leading petrochemical company in Russia, will contribute its raw materials, production and logistics capabilities. The new 50:50 joint venture will site local production in Russia at Dzerzhinsk, near SIBUR’s petrochemicals operations. It is expected to be operational in 2013. Additionally, Rhodia is stepping up its worldwide hydroquinone production capacity by 20 percent, especially in the Rhodia Zhenjiang unit in China, between now and 2012.

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HunterLab ŽůŽƌDĞĂƐƵƌĞŵĞŶƚ^ŽůƵƟŽŶƐ ϰϱͬϬŽƉƟĐĂůŐĞŽŵĞƚƌLJĐŽůŽƌŵĞĂƐƵƌĞŵĞŶƚŝƐ ƚŚĞƚƌƵĞƐƚŵĞƚŚŽĚŝŶƌĞƉƌŽĚƵĐŝŶŐŚŽǁƚŚĞŚƵŵĂŶĞLJĞ ƐĞĞƐĐŽůŽƌ͘KŶůLJ,ƵŶƚĞƌ>ĂďĐĂŶŽīĞƌLJŽƵĂĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞ ůŝŶĞͲƵƉŽĨϰϱͬϬŝŶƐƚƌƵŵĞŶƚƐĨŽƌLJŽƵƌƉŽƌƚĂďůĞ͕ďĞŶĐŚ͕ ĂŶĚŽŶͲůŝŶĞĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐ͘

color

measure

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^ŽůƵƟŽŶƐfor ƚŚĞŽĂƟŶŐƐ/ŶĚƵƐƚƌLJ dŚĞŵĂũŽƌŝƚLJŽĨƚŚĞĐŽĂƟŶŐƐ ŝŶĚƵƐƚƌLJĂůƌĞĂĚLJĐŚŽŽƐĞƐ,ƵŶƚĞƌ>Ăď ĨŽƌŽƵƌƐƉĞĐŝĮĐƐŽůƵƟŽŶƐĂŶĚ ĞƋƵŝƉŵĞŶƚďƵŝůƚƚŽǁŝƚŚƐƚĂŶĚ ƚŚĞƌŝŐŽƌƐŽĨĐŽĂƟŶŐƐĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐ͘

ŽŶƐŝƐƚĞŶƚĂŶĚ ĞƉĞŶĚĂďůĞYƵĂůŝƚLJ ,ƵŶƚĞƌ>ĂďŝŶƐƚƌƵŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶŚĂƐ ĂǁĞůůͲĞĂƌŶĞĚƌĞƉƵƚĂƟŽŶĨŽƌƵŶŵĂƚĐŚĞĚƋƵĂůŝƚLJ͕ ƐĞƌǀŝĐĞ͕ĂŶĚƌĞůŝĂďŝůŝƚLJ͘

^ĂĨĞ͕ZĞƐƉĞĐƚĞĚ͕ĂŶĚ^ŝŶŐůĞ&ŽĐƵƐĞĚ ,ƵŶƚĞƌ>ĂďƉŝŽŶĞĞƌĞĚƚŚĞďƵƐŝŶĞƐƐŽĨĐŽůŽƌƋƵĂůŝƚLJ ĐŽŶƚƌŽůŵĞĂƐƵƌĞŵĞŶƚƚĞĐŚŶŽůŽŐLJ͕ĂŶĚϲϬLJĞĂƌƐůĂƚĞƌ͕ ŝƚŝƐƐƟůůŽƵƌŽŶůLJĨŽĐƵƐ͘ƐƚŚĞǁŽƌůĚ͛ƐŵŽƐƚƚƌƵƐƚĞĚ ĂŶĚƌĞƐƉĞĐƚĞĚĐŽůŽƌŵĞĂƐƵƌĞŵĞŶƚŝŶƐƚƌƵŵĞŶƚ ŵĂŶƵĨĂĐƚƵƌĞƌ͕,ƵŶƚĞƌ>ĂďŝƐƚŚĞďĞƐƚ͕ĂƐǁĞůůĂƐƚŚĞ ƐĂĨĞ͕ĐŚŽŝĐĞĨŽƌLJŽƵƌĐŽůŽƌŵĞĂƐƵƌĞŵĞŶƚŶĞĞĚƐ͘

C O M PA N Y NEWS AkzoNobel Forms Partnership to Secure TiO2 Supply AMSTERDAM, the Netherlands – AkzoNobel has entered into a partnership in China with Quangxi CAVA Titanium Industry Co. Ltd. for the production and supply of titanium dioxide (TiO2). The collaboration includes the construction of a new TiO2 plant in Qinzhou, China.

OMNOVA Solutions Expands Manufacturing of Pliotec Coating Resins FAIRLAWN, OH – OMNOVA Solutions has expanded manufacturing capability for its Pliotec® water-based acrylic coating resins to include three locations in the United States. The expansion is part of the integration of ELIOKEM, acquired in December 2010, into OMNOVA’s Performance Chemicals business unit. In addition to existing manufacturing at the former ELIOKEM site in Akron, OH, Pliotec resins will be produced at OMNOVA’s facilities in Chester, SC, and Fitchburg, MA.

PPG Opens Headquarters in Shanghai SHANGHAI – PPG Industries has taken another step in the AsiaPacific region by creating PPG Management (Shanghai) Co. Ltd. The new company, located in Shanghai, opened June 1 and will act as business headquarters for PPG in China. PPG operates 14 manufacturing plants and two research and development centers throughout China.

Celanese Emulsions Dedicates VAE Plant in China DALLAS – The Emulsion Polymers business of Celanese Corp. formally dedicated its expanded vinyl acetate/ethylene (VAE) unit in Nanjing, China. The expansion, which doubles the original capacity of the VAE unit, came online in the second quarter.

Brenntag to Purchase Chemical Distributor in China SINGAPORE – Brenntag, a chemical distribution company, signed a purchase agreement to acquire 100 percent of Zhong Yung (International) Chemical Ltd. Brenntag will hold a majority stake of 51 percent and will acquire the remaining stake in 2016. Entering into a joint venture for five years gives Brenntag the opportunity to use the experience and know-how of Zhong Yung and its management team to establish a solid business platform for Brenntag in China. 

Learn More Sieving for Particle Size Distribution Frequently particle size distribution is an inspection criteria for pigments and other solids additives. Visit http://www.cscscientific.com/ particle-size/ and see how sieving can help.

Surface Tension – Tensiometer An essential instrument to control plating baths. Visit http://www.cscscientific.com/surface-tension and learn about how this works.

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TESTING SHOWCASES

sŝƐŝƚƵƐĂƚ ǁǁǁ͘ŚƵŶƚĞƌůĂď͘ĐŽŵͬ/ŶĚƵƐƚƌLJͬWĂŝŶƚŽĂƟŶŐ ƚŽůĞĂƌŶŵŽƌĞĂďŽƵƚ,ƵŶƚĞƌ>ĂďĐŽůŽƌ ŵĞĂƐƵƌĞŵĞŶƚŝŶƐƚƌƵŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶĂŶĚĂƉƉůŝĐĂƟŽŶƐ ƐŽůƵƟŽŶƐĨŽƌƚŚĞĐŽĂƟŶŐƐŝŶĚƵƐƚƌLJ͕ŽƌƐŝŵƉůLJ ĐŽŶƚĂĐƚƵƐ͕ĐŽĂƟŶŐƐΛŚƵŶƚĞƌůĂď͘ĐŽŵ͕ ƚŽŐĞƚĂĨƌĞƐŚ͞ĞLJĞ͟ŽŶĐŽůŽƌŵĞĂƐƵƌĞŵĞŶƚ͘

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21

The Art and Science of Paint Deformulation

D

eformulation, or reverse engineering as it is sometimes called, refers to the breakdown of a formulation into its basic components. The idea is to be able to take the formulation generated by the deformulation work and reconstruct the original formulation to be able to achieve all the physical properties associated with the original formulation. This is the dream, but in reality it is a very difficult task. The key to deformulation is to be able to separate out components that then can be identified with the normal analytical techniques available to the chemist. Quantification of the ingredient can also be very difficult since some materials will not separate cleanly from the matrix. Paint deformulation is especially difficult since paint may contain 15 ingredients or more. Since there are several main ingredients, this means that many ingredients may be present at really low levels, such as one percent or less. Why would anyone want to do a paint deformulation? There are numerous reasons: 1) The formulation was

lost due to poor documentation; 2) The competition is making a similar product, and you believe they have infringed on your patent; 3) The competition is making wild marketing claims, and you want to know if the formulation supports such claims; 4) One aspect of the competitor’s product appears to be better than your product, and you want to identify the secret; 5) A competitor is underpricing a product similar to yours, and you want to know if it is a similar product or if they are cheapening the product to win sales; 6) A former employee is now working for the competition, and you are suspicious that their new formulation is very similar to your formulation; 7) The formulator passed away and no one can read his notes, or there was a fire and the formulation was destroyed; 8) Perhaps the researcher made a fantastic formulation but did not document the details and cannot reproduce the formulation’s performance.

Levels of Deformulation A paint formulation consists of essentially four basic components: resin, solvent, pigment and additives. Several levels of details can be obtained depending upon how much time, effort and money one wants to invest in the project. A first-level deformulation focuses on identifying and quantifying the major ingredients such as resin, solvents and pigments. The additives are usually not addressed at this stage. A second-level investigation then attempts to add more details to the deformulation. These details might include more information about the type and quantity of additives. For example, surfactant type and thickening agent may be identified. A third-level investigation attempts to identify all the additives that give this formulation its unique properties. However, no matter how thorough the investigation is planned, it may not be possible to find every ingredient due to sensitivity and interferences in the analytical techniques, or the order of addition in the manufacturing process. The dried paint sample can be analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). This technique provides a fingerprint for every component in the dried paint film. Essentially, everything in the formulation gives an FTIR spectrum that is then overlaid on the spectrum of everything in the dry paint film. However, since some

By Michele L. Bruck, M.S., Director of Analytical Services; and G. Fred Willard, Ph.D., Vice President Technology | CAS-MI Laboratories, a Division of Evans Analytical Group , Ypsilanti, MI 22



AUGUST 2011 | W W W . P C I M A G . C O M

ingredients, such as additives, are at very low levels, their spectral bands may be hidden beneath the more major components in the sample. Therefore, since only major ingredients in the dry paint film are visible, FTIR can determine the general class of polymer present and the pigment type. The total dried paint sample can also be heated to decomposition using instrumentation such as a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) or ashing in a muffle furnace. Although this decomposition step removes all organic material, including the additives and organic pigments, it still can be a good approximation of how much resin is present and how much residue, such as inorganic pigment and inorganic fillers, is present. The resin can be isolated quantitatively from the formulation by drying a sample and then performing extractions with solvents that will remove and isolate the resin. A dried resin film can be analyzed by FTIR that will result in a spectrum of the resin. Another technique used to characterize the resin is pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (pyro GC/MS). In this technique a sample of the resin is heated at about 700 °C to decompose the material. The decomposition products are then separated in a GC and the components are identified by MS. For example, a typical acrylic resin might be a methyl meth-

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23

The Art and Science of Paint Deformulation

acrylate with some butyl acrylate and methacrylic acid added as co-monomers. These monomers can be identified by pyro GC/MS, and a rough approximation of their ratios can be determined. Solvents are usually separated, identified and quantified against an internal standard by GC/MS. A better estimate

of their percentages can be made by making and running individual standards and using GC with a flame ionization detector (FID) to quantify the solvents. If water is part of the solvent system, then other methods may be required, such as Karl

Fisher titration or GC with thermal conductivity detector (TCD), to quantify the water content. Pigments can be identif ied using a combination of techniques. The ash residue can be studied by scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM/EDXA) to determine elements present. These initial data can then be verified with X-ray diffraction (XRD) to identify specific pigment or filler components. Other techniques, such as titrations or inductively coupled plasma (ICP), may still be required in order to quantify pigments or fillers, especially when several are present. Typical paint additives include a rheological modifier (thickening agent), surfactant, dispersant, antifoam agent, antifreeze compound and mildewcide. Additives are much more difficult to identify and quantify since they are usually present in such low quantities (less than one to five percent) and frequently have an affinity for the matrix. Solvent extraction is one method for separating additives, but this method can sometimes be unsuccessful in separating similar materials such as two types of surfactants. Other, more sophisticated methods include liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). This technique separates higher molecular weight materials, such as surfactants, and then attempts to identify them using their MS spectra. This method is very powerful in identifying unknown materials. Once the material has been identified using LC/MS, then high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) can be used to quantify the material.

Conclusion It should be obvious that several analytical techniques are required to conduct a deformulation analysis. Running one simple test, such as FTIR, may not give the level of information that is required. Deformulation is like working a picture puzzle. If only a few pieces are in place (i.e., a few tests), then one can get a rough idea of the total picture. However, as more tests are added, the picture becomes clearer. Eventually enough pieces are in place to satisfy the customer.  For more information about CAS-MI Laboratories, visit www.cas-mi.com or call 888/772.9000. This article is reprinted with express permission of Metal Finishing magazine and Elsevier, Inc.©

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Change Your

T

to Establishing Sieve

he process of sieving has been the workhorse of determining particle size distribution. It was used over 5,000 years ago by the Egyptians to grade grain. Advancing technologies in laser diffraction and image analysis have introduced new techniques to the analysis of particle size, yet sieving continues to be the most widely used method. It has significant economic advantages and is easy to execute. Sieving is sometimes called the Cinderella of particle size analysis because it does most of the work while getting little of the credit. At times the image of sieving has been tainted by poorquality sieves and faulty analysis. There are literally millions of sieves in use around the world, and this technique is still the cheapest way of measuring particle size – by a considerable margin. Early and continuing attempts to overcome the quality problem have been the purview of standards organizations like ASTM, ISO and other country-specific groups. Part of the issue was because the bulk of the sieves use woven wire mesh to accomplish the screening, a difficult process to maintain precise openings throughout the sieve. Standards were developed to assure consistency in the frame that holds the mesh, to ensure tightness of the mesh when assembled and to fix the acceptable variation of the mesh openings. Assessment of the suitability of the mesh is delineated by the result of optical/microscope-assisted inspection. The published criteria are stated in terms of average variation in opening size and maximum allowable size of openings inspected. These data are processed to determine the sieve pass or fail status.

Problems with the Process The process of establishing mesh suitability in a sieve calls for the measurement of a sample of the openings, in a prescribed manner over a delineated geography. The number of openings, selected to reflect a reasonable balance between inspection time and coverage, represents less than .001% of the total sieve openings for a given size. The acceptable variation can exceed 20% of the nominal specified sieve mesh in the lower micron mesh sizes. When a full certification is performed, a document is prepared that includes the details of all the measurements, averages and deviations. The document states a pass/fail result. Until the recent ASTM 2009 standards were adopted, there was a single pass/fail criteria. A tighter specification had been proposed by one of the sieve manufacturers. This was known as a mid-point sieve, which was certified to fall in the middle of the published allowable deviations. The new ASTM standard established three specification levels for the mesh. The inspection results are subject to rigorous statistical analysis and are stated in terms of maximum standard deviation, while retaining the maximum variance averages and maximum individual opening standards. This inspection process, which is referred to as certification, screens out poor-quality mesh. This certification process does provide a basis for traceability and is insurance from bad-quality sieves. However, it does not give a solid predictor of a sieve’s performance in real-world testing. The small sample of openings inspected and the wide acceptable variation, which increases as the opening size decreases, present a wide framework for performance differences between any two sieves of the same nominal size. The process of calibration, which is usually done by the users, is all about performance. In this process the performance of a sieve is compared either to the performance of a master sieve or is compared to a prescribed result on a master material. It is at this stage where the sieve performance is established.

New Concept and Approach As noted, there is a large gap between the nominal size of a sieve and maximum allowable opening. For example, in the latest ASTM standard for a 63 micron sieve, the maximum individual opening can be 89 microns; more than 40% larger. That is significant if the application is for screening out over-sized contaminants or if the specification for the retained amount on the sieve is critical. By Arthur Gatenby, President | CSC Scientific Company, Inc., Fairfax, VA 28



AUGUST 2011 | W W W . P C I M A G . C O M

Approach Specifications More helpful performance-predictive intelligence on a sieve would be the “effective aperture size”. The concept of using calibration spheres has been around for some time, but was not widely used because of precision limitations. Whitehouse Scientific and their managing Director Dr. Graham Rideal took on the task of designing an approach to using glass microspheres to get consistent, effective sieve size information. In over three years of development, the company designed a system to generate microspheres to within +/- 1 micron in smaller sizes. They also developed a calibration technique for the most popular ranges of sieve sizes, which uses a fixed weight of sample that contains a known distribution of microsphere sizes. This sample is placed on a sieve to be calibrated and shaken for approximately one minute. By measuring the retained weight after this process, the percent of microspheres passing is calculated, which is used to get a mean aperture size from a calibration chart. Using this method, even a variation of 5% difference in the weight of the passed spheres results in only a 1 micron difference in the aperture size for sieves below 100 microns. Not only does this technique produce an effective performance predictor, but it results in tight accuracy across the range of sieves from 20 microns to 3.35 millimeters. The calibration process is easy and quick, and can be done on-site; no need to send it out to a laboratory. The process provides a result with traceability to NIST and NPL, needed for most quality-control maintenance systems.

The process would start when a new sieve is delivered. A calibration would be done before any testing was performed with the sieve. This calibration results in an “effective mean aperture”. The new sieve now has an operational performance value. Changes in this value will show the effects of usage and provide a basis for determining if the sieve should be replaced. At the beginning of a program of CMSQD, all functional sieves should be checked and the differences in mean aperture recorded. This establishes a base line for comparing the real-life performance

of sieves of the same nominal size but with different mean apertures. Variances between test results of individual sieves can now be related to the mean aperture calibrations, and acceptable aperture limits can be established. The economics of a change to CMSQD should not be more than current costs. The benefits of moving to a CMSQD include determination of an objective and traceable sieve performance number. This number, mean aperture, for the first time provides a basis for evaluating the performance of a sieve in the working test environment, a benchmark to

How it Works To take maximum advantage of what we call the “Calibration Method of Sieve Quality Determination – CMSQD,” it is necessary to change long-standing practices and ideas. Rather than relying on the certification process with attendant datarich reports, the CMSQD requires only a two-minute process.

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29

Change Your Approach to Establishing Sieve Specifications

compare the wear on a sieve and a reference to compare multiple sieves of the same size, all at a cost no more than the traditional certification charges. The calibration process is so simple, little training is required and the time to compete a calibration is measured in minutes, not hours.

Summary Sieving has lasted as a widely used way of particle size analysis for centuries. In today’s version most sieves are constructed of wire mesh, a tough thing to produce and even tougher to produce with consistent apertures. In the past, these difficulties brought about frequent occasions of bad quality and a tarnished reputation of this Cinderella workhorse. At least as far back as 1985, ASTM established standards for wire mesh sieves, stating acceptable variations in sieve wire openings. A certification that a sieve met the E11 requirements served as an insurance policy against shoddy workmanship. Users who wanted to get a measure of how a sieve performed (calibrated against something), certified or not, needed to compare it to either a sieve of known performance (master sieve) or to the result obtained using a master sample. These have been the most common methods employed to get a performance measure for sieves used for quality control measurement. The introduction of the tight tolerance and traceable glass microspheres has provided a new technique for the calibration task. Not only does this method accomplish the comparison task but it brings a spotlight to the expected performance by defining the mean aperture. The tools are in place to bring about a pervasive change to current processes of sieve certification and calibration. Now in one easy, quick step the cumbersome, time-consuming and costly process of optical inspection, setting up and running master stacks, or preparing master samples can be eliminated In conclusion, the use of calibrated glass microspheres is the logical way to establish, measure and delineate sieve quality and determine performance criteria and measurements. 

For more information, call 703/876.4030 or e-mail [email protected].

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AUGUST 2011 | W W W . P C I M A G . C O M

BAYFERROX® is a registered trademark of Bayer AG, Leverkusen, Germany

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New WaterSoluble Catalyst for Two-Component Waterborne Polyurethane Coatings

T

wo-component waterborne polyurethane (2K WB PU) coating technologies have been commercially available since 1990 and were primarily developed to address VOC reduction requirements that were not feasible with solvent-based technologies at that time.1 Since the initial introduction of 2K WB PU technologies, advancements have addressed many of the deficiencies inherent to water-based coatings in an effort to match the performance properties and application latitude of traditional solventborne two-component polyurethane coatings. However, one deficiency of 2K WB PU systems that can be difficult to overcome is the drying speed, particularly under high humidity conditions. This is especially evident when using typical polyester polyols as the OH component of the system. Acrylic polyols do not impart as severe dry time slowing under high humidity conditions, but other properties such as flexibility, durability or chemical resistance may be compromised. Therefore, it would be

FIGURE 1 | Polyisocyanate and polyol micellar structures.

of interest to examine whether proper choice of catalyst could provide improvements in dry time for polyesterbased 2K WB PU coatings. The performance of common polyurethane catalysts such as dibutyl tin dilaurate (DBTDL) in waterborne systems is diminished mainly due to incompatibility and hydrolytic instability in the aqueous matrix. Enhanced hydrolytic stability and water solubility are two important features for an effective waterborne polyurethane catalyst. In addition to these features, a suitable waterborne polyurethane coating catalyst should provide the desired reactivity and property development for a wide range of formulation characteristics (chemistry, functionality, additives, % solids, etc.). Ideally, an effective waterborne polyurethane catalyst should also promote consistent application and performance attributes under a variety of environmental conditions, including temperature and relative humidity. Reaxis has developed a new water-soluble catalyst that has excellent hydrolytic stability and provides enhanced properties in 2K WB PU formulations under a variety of environmental conditions compared to typical polyurethane catalysts. This article will focus on shelf-life stability, pot life, dry times, solvent resistance and the effect of humidity on curing rates.

Reactivity and Film Formation

Polyisocyanate micelle

Polyol micelle with catalyst

There are two methods that can be utilized to prepare stable 2K WB PU coating formulations.2 The first involves the use of hydrophilically modified polyols to provide an emulsifying capability that allows the use of typical hydrophobic polyisocyanates. The polyol droplets are typically much smaller and surround the polyisocyanate droplet, helping to disperse it. Emulsification occurs as the polyol droplets surround the larger polyisocyanate droplets to create a stabilized polyisocyanate micelle. In addition, a typical 2K WB PU coating can be prepared using a hydrophilically modified polyisocyanate mixed into a polyol dispersion. The polyisocyanate can

By Dr. Leon A. Perez, Vice President of Technology and Business Development; and Dr. Lanny D. Venham, Senior Chemist | Reaxis Inc., McDonald, PA 32



AUGUST 2011 | W W W . P C I M A G . C O M

mils. The coatings were air dried for a specific time as required by the test methods used. ASTM-defined methods for set-to-touch, dust free, dry hard, MEK double rubs and pencil hardness were followed in determining the physical properties.

FIGURE 2 | FT-IR of NCO and water concentrations in a curing film. NCO and Water profile 0.25

NCO, 2265 cm-1 Water, 3320 cm-1

Absorbance

0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05 0 0

60

120

180

240 300 360 Time (min)

420

480

540

600

FIGURE 3 | FT-IR of cured waterborne polyurethane films. 0.6

Absorbance

form a micellar structure without the aid of the polyol (Figure 1). As the formulation ages, the polyisocyanate droplets and polyol droplets can begin to coalesce, and the particle size will increase. This usually leads to an initial viscosity decrease. Because of this decrease, the pot lives of these systems are not determined by measuring viscosity increase over time, as is typical in solventborne 2K polyurethane systems. Once the formulation is applied, water begins to evaporate and the particles begin to coalesce and form a film.3 The curing profiles in Figure 2 were generated by following the relative concentrations of water and isocyanate groups (NCO) by FT-IR. The profiles show that most of the water evaporates over the first 30 minutes, and after 60 minutes almost all of the water has evaporated. At this point, the main reaction occurring is the reaction of polyol hydroxyl (OH) groups with polyisocyanate NCO groups. Catalyst reactivity and selectivity is important because the competing reaction with water is important while the formulation is in the mixing pot, and during the first 30 to 60 minutes after film application. A catalyst that preferentially promotes the reaction of NCO groups with polyol OH groups over the reaction with water is very desirable. Too much water reaction with NCO groups results in bubbles forming from carbon dioxide liberation. If the catalyst is too reactive, too much crosslinking can take place before all of the water evaporates, and pinholes can form from carbon dioxide bubbles being trapped. The advantage of using a catalyst can be illustrated by a simple FT-IR experiment. Analysis of films cured with and without catalyst shows the difference in curing completeness. After two days, no isocyanate peak was visible in a film cured utilizing the new Reaxis™ C333 catalyst. In a film prepared without catalyst, the isocyanate peak (2265 cm-1) is still easily visible, as shown in Figure 3.

0.4

0.2

Experimental 0 4000

3000 2000 Wavenumber [cm-1]

699

Green line is cured film (Formulation 1) using C333 Blue line is cured film (Formulation 1) without catalyst

FIGURE 4 | Relative rate of NCO/OH vs. NCO/water. -LN (NCO Absorbance) vs. Time

3.7 Absorbance at 2270 cm-1

Two polyester/hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) formulations of different reactivity were used in this study. Throughout this article these formulations will be defined as follows: Formulation 1 consisted of Bayer Bayhydrol® 2591 urethane-modified polyol and Bayhydur® 2487/1 isocyanate. Formulation 2 consisted of U.S. Polymers’ W2K® 2002 polyester polyol and Bayhydur 302 isocyanate. We further defined the formulations as high performance and standard performance based on the hydroxyl functionality and backbone structure of the polyols. Thus, Formulation 1 (tetra functional urethane functional polyol with OH equivalent weight of 436) was defined as high performance, whereas Formulation 2 (polyester polyol with OH equivalent weight of 252) was defined as standard performance. The equivalent weights at 100% solids were 436 for Bayhydrol 2591, and 252 for W2K 2002. These formulations are shown in Tables 1 and 2. The catalysts were used at levels of 0.2% based on resin solids. In preparation of the coating, part A (polyol, catalyst, water, wetting additive) was mixed with part B (isocyanate) for 1 minute. Using a Binks siphon spray gun set to 50 psi at the gun, each coating was spay applied onto an aluminum substrate to a dry film thickness of 1.5-2.0

C333 1-BuOH C333 Water

3.5 3.3 3.1 2.9 2.7 2.5 0

50

100 Time (min)

150

PA I N T & C O A T I N G S I N D U S T R Y

200



33

New Water-Soluble Catalyst for Two-Component Waterborne Polyurethane Coatings

TABLE 1 | Formulation 1 – high performance. Raw Material

Weight

Volume

Weight Solids

Volume Solids

Bayhydrol® 2591 BYK®-346 BYK-345 Ammonia (10% in DI water) Catalyst (100%) Water letdown Bayhydur® 2487 Total

131.32 0.70 1.23 0.00 0.17 23.47 42.95 183.00

14.30 0.08 0.14 0.00 0.02 2.82 4.47 21.84

45.96 0.32 1.23 0.00 0.08 0.00 42.95 90.63

4.06 0.03 0.14 0.00 0.01 0.00 4.47 8.72

45.32 39.92 0.00 0.00

Weight/gallon NCO:OH Mix ratio VOC, lb/gal

9.15 2.00 3.89 0.04

Weight % solids Volume % solids P/B ratio PVC, %

TABLE 2 | Formulation 2 – standard performance. Raw Material

Weight

Volume

Weight Solids

Volume Solids

US Polymers W2K® 2002 Byk-346 Byk-345 Ammonia 10% DI water Catalyst (100%) Water letdown Bayhydur 302 Total

41.37 0.22 0.39 3.27 0.20 89.75 64.60 180.00

4.35 0.03 0.04 0.40 0.02 10.77 6.67 22.28

37.23 0.10 0.39 0.00 0.10 0.00 64.60 90.53

3.85 0.01 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.00 6.67 8.62

51.26 47.56 0.00 0.00

Weight/gallon NCO:OH Mix ratio VOC, lb/gal

8.96 2.00 2.34 0.14

Weight % solids Volume % solids P/B ratio PVC, %

TABLE 3 | Formulation 1: Physical properties @77 °F/50% RH. System No cat C333 DBTDL Sn Octoate Bi Octoate Zn Complex Zr Complex

Set-Toa

Dust Freeb

Dry Hardc

MEK DRd

Pencile

140 75 85 95 90 95 110

220 140 130 150 170 145 150

320 185 200 230 220 190 220

Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass

3H 3H 2H 2H 2H 3H 3H

a

Set-to: Time in minutes set to touch with cotton ball non-sticking. Dust free: Time in minutes that cotton ball hairs do not adhere to the coating. c Dry hard: Time in minutes that coating achieves cure with no stickiness. d MEK DR: pass = 50 MEK double rubs without breaking through the film. e Pencil: Run after 7 days curing at room temperature. b

TABLE 4 | Formulation 2: Physical properties @77 °F/50% RH. System No cat C333 DBTDL Sn Octoate Bi Octoate Zn Complex Zr Complex 34



Set-To

Dust Free

Dry Hard

MEK DR

Pencil

250 75 95 110 155 130 135

330 135 160 140 210 160 195

460 190 200 225 280 230 270

Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass

H H B H H/F H H

AUGUST 2011 | W W W . P C I M A G . C O M

Results Physical Properties Results of comparative physical properties demonstrate that the formulations with Reaxis C333 provided the shortest dry times across the board, from set to touch to dry hard. They also yielded the same ultimate physical properties as any other catalyst. The ultimate physical properties are, of course, determined by the nature of the raw materials chosen. The C333 helped to achieve these ultimate properties in the shortest amount of time. Catalysts promote the reduction of the time needed to achieve final properties but can also reduce the ultimate physical properties if they promote undesirable side reactions. Therefore, selectivity is an important feature. Table 3 illustrates that all catalysts performed similarly in robust polyol, but dry hard time for C333 was the best. We define the robustness of a polyol as the propensity to provide better final film properties in the formulation, all other things being equal. Table 4 shows that use of C333 resulted in faster property development in the less-robust polyol system. One of the important advantages of the C333 catalyst is that it is soluble in both organic and aqueous phases. This makes the catalyst compatible with most systems, and it ensures a homogeneous distribution in the formulation. This helps ensure uniform curing of the coating.

Shelf-Life Stability It is important to establish suitable shelf life stability for the A and B components of 2K WB PU systems for practical applications. Best stability is normally seen when the catalyst is added to the A side. Use of catalyst in the B side (NCO) can result in the formation of side products such as biurets, allophonates, isocyanurates, and ureas under certain conditions. Also, use of catalyst on the A side avoids the catalysis of the water/NCO reaction should the mixture absorb water on standing. Tables 5 and 6 demonstrate that dry times and pencil hardness were basically unchanged for formulations using C333 after two weeks of aging in the polyol matrix (A side) at 60 °C. Further testing is required to verify the stability in the polyol matrix, but these initial results are very encouraging. Some catalysts are designed to be used in the polyisocyanate matrix (B side); however, this is not common practice. As mentioned previously, this can lead to many problems if traces of moisture get into the polyisocyante component. We did not observe any differences in performance of aged vs. non-aged B side formulations except that the C333 system best retained pencil hardness. As long as the B side is kept free of moisture, C333 shows the best versatility for use in either side.

Pot Life In waterborne coatings, pot life is typically not measured by viscosity increase, since a decrease in viscosity on aging is normally encountered. The typical measurement of pot life for waterborne coatings involves determination of physical properties after a specified aging time. Even though C333 promoted the achievement of ultimate properties, it still allowed a reasonable work-

ing time (at least 2 hours) after mixing the A and B sides. The drying times were reduced due to some reaction in the pot, but the ultimate properties were unchanged. However, as illustrated in Tables 8 and 10, the difference in pencil hardness of the C333-based system compared to the other catalysts was more pronounced after aging.

TABLE 5 | Accelerated shelf life not aged (catalyst in A side). System

Set-To

Dust Free

Dry Hard

MEK DR

Pencil

C333

75

140

185

Pass

3H

TABLE 6 | Accelerated shelf life at 60 °C for 2 weeks (catalyst in A side). System C333

Set-To

Dust Free

Dry Hard

MEK DR

Pencil

80

140

185

Pass

2H

Coating Properties at Variable Humidity

Selectivity of Isocyanate/Water Reaction versus Isocyanate/ Hydroxyl Reaction The relative selectivity of C333 for promoting the reaction of isocyanate with hydroxyl groups versus water was investigated by FT-IR. A polyisocyanate and coreactant were mixed in dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether at 0.8 molar concentrations. The catalysts were used at a 200 ppm metal concentration based on reactant solids. The peak heights of the NCO absorbance were plotted as the negative natural log (-Ln) versus time in minutes. The slopes of the plots were then compared to determine the relative rates. Figure 4 shows that the reaction of 1-butanol with a primary aliphatic NCO group is 6.7 times faster than the reaction of water with the NCO group. This is very advantageous for the formulation of 2K waterborne urethane coatings, as it helps to prevent foaming, which could lead to poor film appearance. Seneker and Potter reported a selectivity of about 2 for DBTDL.4 Figure 5 shows that the reaction of water with NCO catalyzed by DBTDL is 1.45 times faster that the reaction catalyzed by C333.

Summary and Conclusions Reaxis C333 is a water-soluble, hydrolytically stable catalyst that provides fast dry times and very good physical properties for 2K WB PU formulations under a variety of temperature and humidity conditions. Many 2K WB PU systems suffer from slower dry times and diminished physical properties at higher humidity, so use of C333 offers wider application latitude. C333 is unique in that it is soluble in both aqueous and organic media, thus providing very wide formulation latitude and allowing for uniform distribution in the liquid coating, leading to uniform cure response throughout the film. The robustness of C333 is demonstrated by the fact that the physical properties and drying times of 2K WB PU formulations containing this catalyst are maintained after aging. Also, the pot life and shelf stability of these formulations are excellent.

TABLE 7 | Formulation 1: Initial physical properties @77 °F/50% RH. System No catalyst C333 DBTDL Sn Octoate Bi Octoate Zn Complex Zr Complex

Set-To

Dust Free

Dry Hard

MEK DR

Pencil

140 75 85 95 90 95 110

220 140 130 150 170 145 150

320 185 200 230 220 190 220

Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass

3H 3H 2H 2H 2H 3H 3H

TABLE 8 | Formulation 1: Aged 2-hour physical properties @77 °F/50% RH. System No cat C333 DBTDL Sn Octoate Bi Octoate Zn Complex Zr Complex

Set-To

Dust Free

Dry Hard

MEK DR

Pencil

90 45 55 65 65 70 75

190 85 120 140 145 135 120

275 145 190 210 185 175 185

Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass

3H 3H 2H 2H H 3H 2H

TABLE 9 | Formulation 2: Initial physical properties @77 °F/50% RH. System No cat C333 DBTDL Sn Octoate Bi Octoate Zn Complex Zr Complex

Set-To

Dust Free

Dry Hard

MEK DR

Pencil

250 75 95 110 155 130 135

330 135 160 140 210 160 195

460 190 200 225 280 230 270

Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass

H H B H H/F H H

FIGURE 5 | Relative rate for catalysis of NCO/water reaction. -LN (NCO Absorbance) vs. Time 2.85 2.83 -Ln (Absorbance) at 2270 cm-1

The C333 catalyst provides robust curing under a wide range of humidity conditions. High humidity very often leads to slow drying of waterborne coatings. The drying times and ultimate physical properties of coatings were relatively unchanged when C333 was utilized. This is advantageous to an end user because it allows coating application to be done under a wider variety of conditions. For example, consistent application can be achieved at high humidity and/or heat in exterior environments where temperature and humidity are not controllable.

C333 Water DBTDL Water

2.81 2.79 2.77 2.75 2.73 2.71 2.69 2.67 2.65 0

50

100

150

200

Time (min)

PA I N T & C O A T I N G S I N D U S T R Y



35

New Water-Soluble Catalyst for Two-Component Waterborne Polyurethane Coatings

TABLE 10 | Formulation 2: Aged 2-hour physical properties (@77 °F/50% RH). System No cat C333 DBTDL Sn Octoate Bi Octoate Zn Complex Zr Complex

Set-To

Dust Free

Dry Hard

MEK DR

Pencil

235 55 60 85 110 140 100

300 124 130 125 180 165 145

420 150 185 190 240 185 260

Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass

H 2H HB H F H H/F

Further experimentation is required to better define and understand the advantages for use of C333 in 2K WB PU systems and related coatings technologies. This initial study has provided promising data that merits further investigation. 䡲 For more information, contact Reaxis Inc. at 800/426.7273 or visit www. reaxis.com. This paper was presented at the Polyurethanes 2010 Technical Conference, sponsored by the Center for the Polyurethanes Industry of the American Chemistry Council, in partnership with UTECH North America, in Houston, Texas.

TABLE 11 | Formulation 1: Physical properties at variable humidity. Cure Conditions 50% RH, 77 °F 75% RH, 77 °F 90% RH, 77 °F

Set-To

Dust Free

Dry Hard

MEK DR

Pencil Hardness

75 85 90

140 150 145

185 200 210

Pass Pass Pass

3H 3H 3H

References 1

2

The superior selectivity of C333 (compared to DBTDL) in promoting the reaction of isocyanate with hydroxyl groups versus water was confirmed by FT-IR. This is a very important advantage over typical catalysts for the formulation of 2K WB PU coatings, as it contributes to prevention of foaming, which helps to optimize film appearance.

3

4

Gaal, R. and Jackson, M. A. A Cost-Effective, Water-Reducible Polyester Polyol for Two-Component Waterborne Urethane Coatings, Paint and Coatings Industry January, 2004. Williams, J. High Solids Polyurethane Coatings: Past, Present, and Future, presented at the Waterborne, Higher Solids, and Powder Coatings Symposium, February 24-26, 1993. Jacobs, P. B. and Yu, P. C. Two-Component Waterborne Polyurethane Coatings, presented at the Waterborne, Higher Solids, and Powder Coatings Symposium, February 26-28, 1992. Seneker, S. D. and Potter, T. A., Solvent and Catalyst Effects in the Reaction of Aliphatic Isocyanates with Alcohols and Water, J. Coatings Tech., 63(713):19.

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PIGMENTS

2011 PCI

CORPORATE PROFILE

EMD Chemicals Effect Pigments

ADVERTORIAL

EMD Chemicals Inc. represents the North American subsidiary of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, for specialty chemicals. With a newly completed corporate office in Philadelphia, PA, a manufacturing facility in Savannah, GA, plus additional manufacturing sites in Germany, Japan and China, EMD Chemicals is well positioned as a global supplier to the coatings industry. EMD Chemicals has created a broad palette of effect pigments that significantly enhance coatings with a pearl luster, glitter or shimmer effect not achievable through other pigments. Because we are a major supplier to a diverse range of markets from automotive to cosmetics, we are at the cutting edge of the latest color trends. As such, we continually invest in the innovation of new pigments to meet those trends. These scientific advances are the key to the creation of new colors, endless color styling possibilities, and making existing colors more dynamic and dramatic. With the support of a highly skilled and specialized coatings team at EMD Chemicals, our leading products such as Xirallic® and Colorstream® have helped revolutionize the automotive industry. As these exterior applications are frequently exposed to extreme weather conditions, EMD Chemicals has developed its own range of weather-resistant pigments.

Iriodin® pearl luster effect pigments produce a unique iridescent effect through the use of natural mineral mica platelets. Depending on the size of the pigment particles, the angle-dependent color effect can vary from silky to glittery. Pyrisma® pigments were designed according to the ‘Merck Color Space Concept’, a new concept in which eight pigments with unusually high color saturation can be mixed together to encompass the largest possible space within the color spectrum. Miraval® effect pigments with brilliant shimmer and radiating luster are produced using borosilicate (glass) platelets. By varying the pigment concentration in the coating, appearances can range from a delicate glimmer to a sparkling metallic. Biflair® pigments dispersions based on bismuth oxychloride platelets offer a high luster appearance and liquid metal effect. It is ideal for home electronics, cell phones and household appliances. Minatec® functional pigments are designed to provide static dissipative properties to light colored ESD primers and floor finishes that require a surface resistance of 104 to 109 ohms such as clean rooms, hospitals and electronic component production facilities.

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37

Foam-Control Solutions That Meet Today’s Tighter Environmental Regulations

F

oam o oa am control cont co nttro n roll has has al ha alwa always lwa ays b been een ee n a ch cchallenge chal halle allle leng leng nge in in ar a rti ticl icl cle is is d esig es ig n igne neeed d to t make mak a ke ke that thatt process th prro oceess ss easier eas asier ier and ie an a nd mo m re re article designed more the coatings industry. Unlike many other methodical, and to review some of the newer chemistries industries that only need to control foam on the market, as well as their capabilities. during the manufacturing process, coatings Foam Control must be designed to perform over a potenBefore you can choose the right defoamer, it is important tially long product shelf life so that the end user can open a to understand how foam is formed. In the coatings induscan of paint and apply it without bubbles that can contribtry, foam is the result of the presence of surfactants and ute to defects in performance and detract from the overall stabilizers that are necessary to uniformly disperse and appearance. The need for short- and long-term efficacy is enhance the compatibility of pigments and fillers, coupled a challenge, as defoamers are often formulated to prevent with the processes encountered during manufacturing production or application foam, but not both. In recent and applications. Foam is most frequently created as a years, this challenge has been magnified as coatings result of mechanical action, which introduces air into the formulations evolve in response to stricter environmental product. Actions such as mixing, for example, put energy standards that limit the level of VOCs. into the liquid and generate foam. When a painter shakes As the industry continues to move toward low- or zeroand opens a can of paint and stirs it, air is introduced. VOC coatings, there is an increased tendency to form During application, when the roller or brush hits the wall micro foam, a more stable foam that is more difficult to (which has porosity), the wet coating allows for pockets of eliminate. In addition, shorter open times in these forair, and bubbles become visible. mulations require defoamers to be more fast-acting. Raw Once a bubble is formed, it rises to the surface. As it material suppliers and coatings manufacturers need to rises, surfactants attach to the surface of the bubble, formstay one step ahead of the regulations and market trends ing a liquid lamella. The lamella has the structure of two in order to design products that are acceptable and prosurfaces – one being the internal surface of the bubble and vide effective solutions ready to match changing market the other being the external bubble needs. What worked yesterday may surface. This causes the surfactants not necessarily work as effectively FIGURE 1 | The hydrophilic and hydrophobic porto orient themselves to the lowest with today’s newer formulations. tions of a defoamer are critical to its performance. thermodynamically stable state, The good and bad news for coatings manufacturers is that, today, Air Hydrophobic Particle at which point the hydrophilic end of the surfactant extends into the there are more choices in defoamliquid lamella, and the hydrophoers, including synthetic-based, bic end resides at the surface of the organically modified silicones and media (Figure 1). The interaction enhanced mineral oil-based prodof the charges associated with the ucts, to mention just a few. This hydrophilic heads results in a repulmeans there is a better probability sive force that aids in stabilizing the of finding a defoamer that meets bubbles. Surfactants also help staa specific need and application. bilize the foam and entrained air Unfortunately, it also means addiby reducing surface tension and tional evaluation and testing may increasing lamella viscosity. The be required to confirm compatibilresult is a highly stable foam. ity with a chosen defoamer. This

By Thomas Penny, Technical Sales Manager | Emerald Performance Materials Specialties Group, Charlotte, NC 38



AUGUST 2011 | W W W . P C I M A G . C O M

The foam-control agent can work as an anti-foam to inhibit the formation of the lamella or as a defoamer, which disrupts the lamella once it has formed. In a coating, these actions must be completed and the surface allowed to re-level prior to drying to avoid defects. The three primary components of the foam-control product drive these actions. Table 1 lists some of the common ingredients used as primary components. The various combinations of these diverse chemicals present an almost infinite number of options for manufacturers today. This large number of options, while potentially confusing for the formulator, is necessary given the number and nature of components in today’s coatings. Looking more closely at the three main components of the average defoamer, the primary function of the liquid vehicle is to aid in the introduction of the active hydrophobe into the liquid media. The emulsifier/spreading agent, as the name implies, facilitates hydrophobe spreading and can adsorb at the air/water interface of a bubble and, hence, displace some of the bubble-stabilizing surfactants that aided or caused foam formation. The hydrophobic particles integrate into the outer bubble wall to create areas of localized de-wetting. This mechanism helps to form gaps and rupture bubble walls, thus aiding, to some extent, the prevention of foam reforming. Every ingredient found within an individual defoamer has a function, whether it is to assist in spreading, drainage for thinning or lamella rupture processes, preservative properties, product stability, quick bubble break, or let-down stability, to name a few.

TABLE 1 | Common ingredients in foam-control products. Liquid Base Media

Hydrophobic Components and Activating Agents

Mineral oil

Polyethylene

Vegetable oil

Polyesters

Synthetics (polyol, esters) Polydimethylsiloxane (silicone) Water

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Organically modified silicones

Emulsifiers Fatty esters Synthetic esters

Waxes

Hydrophobic silica

Acrylates

Fatty amides

Fatty esters

Sulfonates

Metal stearates

Sulfonated fatty acids

Phosphate esters

groups, and pH and other variables, all of which impact solubility and compatibility of potential additive choices. As a result, no single defoamer is appropriate for all applications. When determining which defoamer will work best, it is critical to identify one with a liquid phase that has a degree of incompatibility with the coatings media into which it will be dosed, as well as a rapid spreading coefficient. And, since the hydrophobic particle works on a semi-specific contact angle, it must be the correct size

and shape for the nature of the foam. The size, shape and thickness (viscosity) of the foam, and the media, impact the foam stability, as well as the gravity and capillary forces of the interstitial space between the lamella walls. This will dictate the mechanism necessary to break the bubbles. In fact, the capillary forces are greatest in microfoam where the diameter of the interstitial spaces is the smallest, presenting a greater challenge An additional challenge for coatings today is that low-VOC formulations have

Defoamer Choice – Meeting Today’s Challenges Foam in modern coatings is often more stable and harder to control than in prior coatings systems. Higher-VOC coalescing aids often, unknowingly, were mild defoamers themselves. Their use, however, is being phased out, and newer replacements that meet the lower-VOC requirements, unfortunately, do so at a price – with more foam being generated in a more stable form. Coatings formulations can utilize hundreds of choices of resins, pigments, fillers, dispersants and many other functional ingredients. Their characteristics can differ greatly with respect to surface charges, hydrophobicty/hydrophilicity (HLB), the presence of aromatic, linear and/or polar

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39

Foam-Control Solutions That Meet Today’s Tighter Environmental Regulations

TABLE 2 | Relative comparison of defoamer costs, dosages required for effective foam control and overall impact on cost in acrylic paint (<50 g/L). Relative Prices: Standardized to Mineral Oil Type = 1.0 X

 

9.9

9.0

Mineral oil/silica PDMS Organically modified silicone Relative standardized cost/100 gal - average

1.0 4.0 3.5

1.3 6.5 5.5

8

 

 

350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0

14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 System B: PDMS/Enhanced Mineral Oil/Silica

Initial Bubble Break Time Dosage, lb/100 gal)

System C: New Organically Modified Silicone

Dosage, Relative Cost/100 Gal

Bubble Break Time

9.2

High

System A: Enhanced Mineral Oil/Silica

Aged Bubble Break Time Cost Impact on Paint

14.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0

70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Defoamer System A: Mineral Oil/Silica

Defoamer Defoamer System B: Mineral System C: Organically Oil/PDMS Blend Mod. Silicone

Relative Defoamer Cost Impact on Paint Gloss, 60º

Defoamer Dosage, Lb/100 Gal

AUGUST 2011 | W W W . P C I M A G . C O M

Gloss

FIGURE 2b | Value in use – relative cost and performance of defoamer systems in acrylic paint (<50 g/L VOC). Dosage, Relative Cost/100 Gal

Defoamer System C: Organically Mod. Silicone     2

Low

FIGURE 2a | Value in use – relative cost and performance of defoamer systems in acrylic paint (<50 g/L VOC).



 

Defoamer System B: Mineral Oil/PDMS Blend 4 1  

Defoamer System A: Mineral Oil/Silica

 

shorter open times because they dry quicker – as fast as 30 to 60 seconds instead of the five minutes it took for higher VOC formulations to dry. This means the defoamer must meet an extremely rapid bubble break time. The increase in popularity of spray coatings decreases the open time even more. The products and preferences being demanded by the end users are also changing, in turn impacting the defoamer choice for the coatings manufacturer. For

40

Defoamer Dosage in Three Foam-Control Systems, Lb/100 Gal Paint

example, industrial and wood coatings manufacturers are being asked to create more clear coatings. These coatings present the challenge of selecting a defoamer that not only eliminates foam but also maintains the clarity of the system. Often, effective defoamers can cause a haze in clear coatings due to their inherent incompatibility with the system. In the paint category, there is greater demand for highgloss (shiny) finishes, which are more prone to generate microfoam. Accent walls with high pigment concentrations have also become trendy. As more colorants are added, the amount of foam also increases. Such design trends can greatly impact how the products are being used, as well as the amount of foam they generate. Semigloss paints tend to create the greatest foamcontrol challenge. Older defoamers on the market inherently knock down gloss, creating an unacceptable flat look. Newer chemistries are often required to control foam without removing the gloss. Although there actually may be a number of defoamers that can produce moderately effective results in a formulation, choosing the optimum one requires answers to a few basic questions: • Is the defoamer compatible with the system and product? In other words, does it have any adverse effect on the appearance or quality of the finished product? Are there specific constraints, i.e., gloss, clarity, ease of incorporation that must be met? • How efficient is the defoamer? That is, how much of the defoamer is needed to control foam (low dose or high dose)? • Is the product being used for an interior or exterior application? If it is exterior, there might be different wetting agents or anti-fungal additives. • Is the product designated for food contact? What FDA regulations must be met? • Is the product being used in an application that requires no- or low-VOC content? If so, not only does the chosen defoamer need to meet the low-VOC requirements, but it must also be able to overcome the challenges of working with other low-VOC additives. In general terms, the lower the VOC content the greater the foam-control challenge. • What is the application – spraying, brushing, dip coating, etc? The shear rate applied in each application differs and greatly influences the defoamer selection. • What is the nature of the foam-control issue? Is it

during production or during application? If it’s happening in production, it requires quick foam control. If the end user is complaining, a defoamer with improved aging ability might need to be considered. • Is temperature an issue? Thermally cured coatings require additives with higher flash points. • How much does it cost? The upfront price-per-pound is only one piece of data and not the most important one. What matters most is the actual usage cost (also known as the value in use). If you switch to a newer-generation product, you may likely reduce the usage level and overall cost, even if the purchase price is higher.

Newer Foam-Control Solutions At the same time that EPA restrictions are getting tighter, there is also growing demand for “greener” products, technologies and solutions. Manufacturers of coatings are looking to create more environmentally friendly labels which, in turn, create the need to change the ingredients in today’s newer defoamers. When feasible, more renewable resources are replacing older ingredients. A prime example is the replacement of petroleum-based oils with soy bean-based materials. Without official definitions of what constitutes “green,” it is not always easy to objectively determine how one defoamer compares to another in the area of sustainability. Products such as

OxylinkTM The additive for better waterborne coatings

Buhler Inc. (NT) [email protected] USA / Canada: 512 - 466 8005 Europe / Asia: +49 (0) 681 - 394 6550 www.buhlergroup.com

Emerald’s FOAM BLAST ® 331, which is a low/zero-VOC mineral oil product, and FOAM BLAST 4201, which consists of active products emulsified in pure water without glycols, are examples of newer chemistries that compete well in the niche category of environmentally friendlier foam-control solutions. Modified silicone defoamers are growing in popularity, especially in the coatings industry. This is driven by their low usage rates, high activity and relative compatibility. In the past, many of these defoamers were considered cost-prohibitive based on a price-per-pound perspective. On a usage cost basis, however, this is not necessarily the case, as the overall impact on the cost of a gallon of paint is relatively small, as shown in Table 2. The dramatic increase in the cost of base oils used in the manufacture of many popular lower-cost defoamers has significantly changed the view of foam-control costs. Take, for instance, the results seen in Figure 2 of three different foam-control systems on a 100% acrylic <50 g/L VOC architectural coating. The higher cost per pound for the defoamer alone (System C) surprisingly had a slightly lower cost impact, on average, on a gallon of paint than the other two systems due to its high efficiency. System C required much lower levels to provide highly effective foam control as shown in Figure 2a. It exhibited a more rapid initial foam knock down and better “aged” foam inhibition, which is beneficial when the paint is used at a

later date. Further, there is often a direct relationship between increasing defoamer usage and decreasing gloss. This can be seen clearly in Figure 2b, which shows the highest gloss retention for System C. This example demonstrates that the highest cost-per-pound defoamer can actually be the most economical to use while also delivering other important benefits.

Conclusion As this article has demonstrated, choosing the right defoamer requires in-depth technical knowledge and consideration of the value in use of the product. So the decision to use a specific defoamer should be based not only on the product’s capabilities, but also on the seller’s ability to provide technical support, resources and advice. Beyond the obvious product questions already addressed, it is also important to ask a few questions of your supplier. • Does the company have an in-house lab? • Is there capability for the supplier to screen and test products? • Can the supplier provide technical service such as ladder studies to aid in defoamer selection and determine the minimum level that can be used to still achieve optimal results? With the right defoamer and the right supplier, you should be able to save money, meet current EPA regulations, minimize customer complaints and achieve greater aesthetics in your end product.  For more information, visit www.emeraldmaterials.com.

Green. Flexible. Fast. Strong. Use the additive solution for: Stronger Faster Better Higher Increased

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41

EXPANSION OF COLOR SPACE in Architectural Coatings

P

oint-of-sale i f l (POS) paint i tinting i i has h been b prevalent in the North American market for the last 50 years. The first POS system introduced by a Colortrend USA LLC predecessor company had a line-up of 12 colorants. These standard 12 colorants laid the cornerstone for the machine tinting and color system concept used globally. It is not uncommon for other color systems to have 9 or even 10 colorants, and in Europe, there are some systems containing as many as 16 colorants. Even though there is a wide variety in the number of colorants used, the ultimate color space or gamut is determined by the chroma (or brightness) of the organic colorants in the lineup. This color space incorporates colorants such as organic yellow, medium yellow, organic red, magenta, phthalo blue and phthalo green, with the lightness/darkness determined by the black and white. Due to new technology, colorant development has benefited from wider pigment choices leading to greater

FIGURE 1a | CIELAB a*b* plot of color gamut produced by traditional colorants. FIGURE 1b | CIELAB a*b* plot of color gamut produced by HP colorants.

a.

b.

l space. In I addition ddi i to pigment i h i coverage off color choices that lead to color space expansion, some of the newer pigments also provide better exterior durability and more opacity. As an added benefit, these new colorant choices are now being offered in zero-VOC and alkylphenol-ethoxylate (APE)-free systems to address environmental concerns. Colortrend USA LLC has developed Colortrend® 808 and 808HP (High Performance) zero-VOC colorants, offering more than two dozen colorants to choose from. Table 1 provides a list of the colorants available, along with their respective canister codes, color index numbers and product descriptions. To show the dramatic effect on the color gamut expansion that these new colorants have, a selection of highperformance colorants and the traditional standard 12 colorants were compared. For this comparison, the calculated absorption {K} and scattering {S} values were used to predict the theoretical total color gamut available. In this color visualization, colors are evenly spaced apart at a designated interval to represent the color gamut achieved. In Figures 1a and 1b, CIELAB a*b* plots, without regard to the lightness value, L*, are shown. As shown in Figures 1a and 1b there is a large expansion in the yellow-red and blue-red quadrants, with a small broadening in the blue-green and yellow-green quadrants. The overall high colorant strength of the system is a much-needed benefit, providing increased opacity especially for neutral base colors. Overall, brighter, more vivid and deeper colors are achievable.

Colortrend Modules

FIGURE 2 | Standard module.

With such a variety of colorants, custom combinations or “modules” have been prepared that can utilize 10, 12, even 16 canisters, based on customer requirements. Modules can be grouped into categories such as “Standard,” “Performance” and “Performance Plus.”

Standard Module FIGURE 3 | Performance module.

In the Standard Colortrend 808 module the colorants are coloristically equivalent to the 12 Colortrend 888 (glycolcontaining) system colorants, making the transition from conventional to the environmentally friendly colorants very simple. In Figure 2, the colorants in this module are represented by their respective canister code.

By Teresa Kummer, Manager, Color Services, Colorants Americas | Colortrend USA LLC, Piscataway, NJ 42



AUGUST 2011 | W W W . P C I M A G . C O M

Performance Module In the Colortrend Performance module the traditional organic yellow {AXX}, organic red {R} and medium yellow {T} are replaced with HP organic yellow {AGF}, HP organic red {REE} and HP organic orange {ORE}, featuring a combination of standard, high-performance and high-strength colorants. Benefits include increased opacity, durability, fade resistance and expansion of color space. Figure 3 shows the colorants contained within this module.

Performance Plus Module In the Colortrend Performance Plus module the traditional organic yellow {AXX}, organic red {R} and medium yellow {T} are replaced with HP organic yellow {AGF}, HP organic red {REE} and HP organic orange {ORE}. A violet {JXE} is added, and to keep this module to 12 colorants, the brown oxide {I} is removed. In addition, high-strength colorants are also used to provide higher opacity when needed. Benefits include increased opacity, durability, fade resistance and expansion of color space. Figure 4 shows the colorants contained within this module. An example of improved hiding power is a ‘fire-engine red’ color that typically requires as many as four coats of paint. With Colortrend 808 high-performance colorants, it can be obtained with one to two coats. The HP organic yellow {AGF} and HP organic orange {ORE} improve the fade resistance needed for exterior applications. The color gamut of the Performance Plus module is the selection of colorants represented in Figure 1b and is compared to the Standard module represented in Figure 1a.

Façade Module Traditionally, inorganic colorants {KX, I, F, C and L} have been used for applications requiring very durable pigments, limiting color space. With the inorganic colorant additions of bismuth vanadate yellow {BVE}, chrome oxide green {CGE} and cobalt blue {CBE}, to the Façade module, the color space is expanded. Figure 5 contains the colorant lineup for this module.

Façade Plus Module By incorporating the cobalt green {IGE}, inorganic orange {IOE} and ultramarine blue {UBE} colorants along with the other inorganic colorants mentioned in the Façade module, the color space is expanded even further. The entire colorant lineup for this module is shown in Figure 6. Façade colorants are suitable for silicate and silicone paints. For applications that require excellent durability, the Façade modules offer a wide range of hues that increase the color gamut tremendously.

7a-c were derived from empirical data using measurements of the single colorants prepared in each of the three bases presented. Drawdown panel measurements were taken using D65 illuminant, 10° observer, CIE L*a*b color space, sphere geometry instrument, and

TABLE 1 | Colortrend 808 zero-VOC colorants. Product Code

CI

Product Description

Standard Colorants 808-0018 KX PW 6 Titanium White 808-0422 V PR 122 Magenta 808-0836 R PR 188 Organic Red 808-1045 F PR 101 Red Iron Oxide 808-1572 I Blend Brown Oxide 808-1810 C PY 42 Yellow Iron Oxide 808-2009 L PBr 7 Raw Umber 808-2040 T Blend Medium Yellow 808-2551 AXX Blend Organic Yellow 808-5511 D PG 7 Phthalo Green 808-7214 E PB 15:2 Phthalo Blue 808-9907 B PBk 7 Lamp Black High-Strength/Performance Organic Colorants 808-0424 QME PR 122 Magenta 808-0755 REE PR 254 Organic Red 808-0763 HXE PR 112 Organic Red 808-0972 ORE PO 73 Organic Orange 808-2556 AGF PY 97 Organic Yellow 808-2554 SXE PY 74 Organic Yellow 808-5555 DXE PG 7 Phthalo Green 808-7055 EXE PB 15:3 Phthalo Blue 808-8894 JXE PV 23 Violet 808-9957 BXE PBk 7 Lamp Black High-Performance Inorganic Colorants 808-0910 IOE PY 216 Inorganic Orange 808-2860 BVE PY 184 Bismuth Vanadate Yellow 808-2900 IGE PG 50 Cobalt Green 808-5560 CGE PG 17 Chrome Oxide Green 808-7060 UBE PB 29 Ultramarine Blue 808-7460 CBE PB 28 Cobalt Blue 808-9960 BOE PBk 11 Black Oxide

FIGURE 4 | Performance Plus module.

FIGURE 5 | Façade module.

Equal Volume Comparison To demonstrate the wider color gamut now available, equal volume comparisons in three levels of TiO2containing bases are shown in Figures 7a, b and c. The colorant modules used for the comparison are the Standard and Performance Plus. The colors that can be achieved in a tinted paint are determined by: base used, colorant loading and the colorant itself. The a*b* two-dimensional color plots shown in Figures

FIGURE 6 | Façade Plus module.

PA I N T & C O A T I N G S I N D U S T R Y



43

Expansion of Color Space in Architectural Coatings

FIGURE 7a | Color gamut a*b* plot for equal volume colorant loading in pastel base.

FIGURE 7b | Color gamut a*b* plot for equal volume colorant loading in tint base. 100

100

Pastel Base 2.3 Lb/Gal TiO2

80

+ b*

Tint Base 2.0 Lb/Gal TiO2

60

- a*

20

20

0

-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 -20

20 40 60

80 100

- a*

0

-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 -20

60 40

+ a* 20

40

60

80 100

- a*

20 0

-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 -20

-40

-40

High -60 Performance -80 Traditional

-100

- b*

-100

specular component included. Please note in this CIELAB a*b* two-dimensional color plot, the lightness is disregarded. These plots are used to demonstrate color gamut potential at maximum colorant loading for each base. In the TiO2-containing bases, higher-strength colorants allow for an expanded number of colors achievable within a specific base. In Figures 7a-c, the HP yellow {AGF} and HP orange {ORE} replaced the standard yellow {AXX} and medium yellow {T} colorants, respectively, improving the fade resistance of

+ b*

80

High -60 Performance -80 Traditional

-40

High -60 Performance -80 - b* Traditional

Deep Base 0.7 Lb/Gal TiO2

60 40

+ a*

100

+ b*

80

40

FIGURE 7c | Color gamut a*b* plot for equal volume colorant loading in deep base.

+ a* 20

40

60

80 100

- b*

-100

these colors. A small portion of the color space is reduced without having the medium yellow {T} in the lineup; however, color space is expanded significantly with the addition of the organic orange {ORE}. The higher-strength red {REE}, blue {EXE}, green {DXE} and magenta {QME} colorants may allow colors to be formulated by using a higher opacity base since much lower quantities of colorants are required to achieve the same color. This results in an overall higher opacity for some of the colors leading to greater customer satisfaction, as fewer coats are

Cytec Coating Resins delivers innovative products beyond our customers’ imagination. We are the pioneers in the development and production of high performance coating solutions. Our line of coating resins and additives allow our customers to create sustainable change for the industries they serve.

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Contact us today: US Toll Free: 800-652-6013 Tel: 973-357-3193 Email: [email protected] www.cytec.com

© 2011 Cytec Industries Inc. All Rights Reserved.

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AUGUST 2011 | W W W . P C I M A G . C O M

INNOVATION = VALUE COATINGS:

Go ‘green’ with innovative binder and additive technologies.

ADHESIVES & SEALANTS: Conserve energy in production and product use.

ELASTOMERS:

Formulate with alternative raw materials, and do it competitively.

YOUR CUSTOMERS DEMAND ENVIRONMENTALLY-FRIENDLY PRODUCTS. LET UNIVAR SHOW YOU HOW YOU CAN GO GREEN. Univar supplies the CASE Specialties industry with much more than a comprehensive line of sustainable ingredients — we can provide you with an innovative approach to your green formulation challenges, offering you technical expertise from concept to production. Consider Univar your partner in sustainable product development. We connect you to the latest materials and technologies, and help you bring environmentally-friendly products to market. Innovation, sustainability, expertise — it all adds up to value.

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Expansion of Color Space in Architectural Coatings

FIGURE 8a | CIELAB L*a*b* color plot showing a color system made using traditional colorants.

FIGURE 8b | CIELAB L*a*b* color plot showing an updated color system adding Colortrend Vivid Expressions colors to the existing palette.

a.

b.

needed. The color gamut comparisons provide good snapshots of extended color space attainable in each base. In the neutral base, deeper, stronger and more vibrant colors can be achieved while increasing opacity, since the amount of total pigment contained within the colorants is substantially higher. While the high strength of the colorants contributes to the opacity, the expanded gamut results from the new pigments used in the colorants – orange, violet, greener blue, a cleaner magenta and a brighter red.

SUPPLIER SHOWCASES

“Welcome to Our World”

100 Eames St. Wilmington, MA 01887 ph: 978-988-0880 fax: 978-658-3366 www.allcoattech.com [email protected]

For product and application information call: Kurt Bimmler at 978-988-0880, ext-311 or email [email protected]

The use of colorants is best represented by color systems that consumers can visually appreciate. Colortrend® Vivid Expressions™ is a new color collection that offers 480 of the brightest, cleanest colors in the architectural coatings industry. Vivid Expressions provides the flexibility to expand an existing system or be used as a stand-alone POS system. Customers can take advantage of using Colortrend zero-VOC 808 HP colorants to update, expand and customize their color palette offering. Figure 8a is a three-dimensional CIE L*a*b* color plot visualization of a typical color system created from the traditional 12 colorants. Figure 8b shows the traditional colors (green) plotted with Colortrend Vivid Expressions colors (blue) that were created using the high-performance colorants. The added vibrant colors, especially the selection of bright reds and the greater depth of violets, broaden the color space attained.

Summary Flexibility in color choice and performance is essential for satisfying changing market demands and addressing regional trends. As seen in the color plots presented in this article, the Colortrend 808HP colorants expand color space potential while also improving the overall performance characteristics of the color in the finished coating. With the Vivid Expressions collection, customers can update, expand or customize their existing color palette, offering the cleanest, brightest and best hiding colors in the industry today. 

Vicinity Manufacturing The premier software solution for the formula manufacturing industry. Vicinity extends the Microsoft Dynamics™ financial and distribution offerings to deliver a complete ERP solution specific to formula manufacturers. Key Features

• MSDS • Scheduling by Formula • Formula Management • Shop Floor Control • Batch Yield Analysis

• Certificate of Analysis • Formula Project Tracking • Materials Requirements Planning • Integration to Control Systems • Real-Time Inventory

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Arch Biocides 800.523.7391 [email protected] *This product is not meant for food applications *This product provides preservative properties to protect the product or coating *Arch Biocides is a business unit of Arch Chemicals, Inc. *Some Arch® biocides may not be registered or registered for only certain uses in your country

archbiocides.com/proxelbzplus

46

AllUthane 30522 is a solvent-free, water-based aliphatic polyurethane dispersion. It has excellent adhesion to a variety of substrates making it suitable for formulating low-VOC coatings for metal, wood and plastic substrates. The polymer exhibits exceptional toughness and has superb abrasion and chemical resistance making it ideal for challenging interior or exterior applications.

Vivid Expressions Collection



As with pie à la mode, when two excellent products with long track records come together, such as Proxel® preservatives and Omadine® antimicrobials, you get an exceptional result: Proxel® BZ Plus Preservative. This unique combination offers a dual mode of action for inhibiting microbial growth in latex emulsions, water-based paints, adhesives and pigment dispersions - preventing discoloration and providing the extra protection you need against mold, mildew and bacteria. Features include: • Color-stable formulations • Long-term preservation • Dual-action protection • Broad-spectrum activity • Zero VOCs • CMIT / MIT and formaldehyde free

AUGUST 2011 | W W W . P C I M A G . C O M

EMI LABORATORY MIXER/ DISPERSERS are ideal for product research and pilot scale processing of liquid and paste dispersions. Heavy duty 0.5 to 3 HP variable speed models available with constant torque that provides smooth, quiet and reliable power. Standard and explosion proof models available along with manual or electric lifts. Bench top mountable.

Contact EMI for more information. Tel: 847-548-0044

E-mail: [email protected]

C ALENDAR Meetings, Shows and Educational Programs SEPT. 6-7 Anti-Corrosive Coatings III Berlin www.european-coatings.com 7-9 Spray Finishing Technology Workshop Toledo, OH www.owens.edu/workforce_cs 13-14 Coatings Trends & Technologies Oak Brook, IL www.coatingsconference.com 14-15 Asia Pacific Coatings Show Singapore www.coatings-group.com 19-23 Basic Composition of Coatings Rolla, MO http://coatings.mst.edu/basic1.html

OCT. 4-6 2011 North American Industrial Coating Show Cincinnati www.thenaicoatingshow.com

5-7 CEPE Annual Conference and General Assembly Dublin, Ireland www.european-coatings.com/cepe 6-8 Turkcoat Eurasia 2011 Istanbul, Turkey www.turkcoat.com/?dil=en 10-14 Introduction to Paint Formulation Rolla, MO http://coatings.mst.edu/index.html 16-18 ASC Fall Convention Indianapolis www.ascouncil.org

Las Vegas www.pnwsct.org/symposium-wcs 24-26 Future of Pigments Berlin www.pigmentmarkets.com

NOV. 1-3 Chem Show New York City www.chemshow.com 9-11 Spray Finishing Technology Workshop Toledo, OH www.owens.edu/workforce_cs 21-23 ABRAFATI São Paulo, Brazil www.abrafati2011.com.br/index_engl.html

18-20 RadTech Europe Basel, Switzerland www.radtech-europe.com

23-25 ChinaCoat 2011 Shanghai, China www.chinacoat.net

23-26 Western Coatings Symposium

From liquid to powder, we’ve got you covered! Join us for a show focused entirely on providing industrial coatings resources! t
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47

P RODUCTS  Viscometer

 Additive

ELCOMETER: The Elcometer 2250 Krebs viscom-

CABOT CORP.: Enova™ aerogel is a high-performance thermal additive designed specifically for insulation coatings. It can be added during formulation or on site and does not adversely affect the viscosity of the coating. Its low thermal conductivity is superior to traditional insulation such as polyurethane foam and additives. Visit www.cabotaerogel.com.

eter measures the viscosity of paints, varnishes, adhesives, pastes and liquid inks. With a fixed spindle speed of 200 rpm, accurate to ±1 percent, it offers users both a fully automatic or manual Krebs viscosity test, displaying the viscosity on screen in a choice of Krebs units, grams or centipoise. Visit www.elcometer.com.

 Environmental Control System

STEPAN: STEPANPOL® PC 130-01 and STEPANPOL PC 160-01 were designed for formulators trying to overcome the rigorous demands of concrete coatings. When formulating concrete primers, these products improve moisture barrier and reduce blistering, leading to superior adhesion. Visit www.stepan.com.

JEOL: The JEOL Hydro Radiant Panel system is custom designed and fitted to each room. Consisting of wall-mounted water-circulating panels, acoustic-absorbing materials, a water chiller, plumbing, an optional air exchange system and a wall-mounted remote controller, it insulates the instrument lab from temperature fluctuations. Average temperature in the lab is maintained within 0.2 ºC (0.36 ºF) per hour when optimized. Visit www.jeolusa.com.

 Mixers

 Resin

 Polyols

CHARLES ROSS & SON CO.: Double Planetary Mixers feature

helical blades that prevent the climbing experienced with traditional rectangular stirrers. High-viscosity blades feature a precisely angled helical contour that generates a unique vertical mixing action. The sweeping curve firmly pushes the batch material forward and downward, keeping it within the mixing zone at all times. E-mail [email protected].

CYTEC: When used as a co-resin, ADDITOL® LED 01 transforms UV-curable formulations into lower-energy, UV LED-curable formulations. Traditional UV-curable coatings and inks cannot be instantaneously and completely cured with currently available UV LEDs. ADDITOL LED 01 is designed to improve the surface cure, leading to faster line speeds and allowing for a bigger distance between curing unit and substrates. Visit www.cytec.com/UV. 

IntertechPira’s Future of Pigments will provide a global platform for the industrial pigment and cosmetic colorant industries. With in-depth discussions of market trends, new pigment formulations and technology, and end-user perspectives, the Future of Pigments will provide attendees with a complete primer of the most relevant and up-to-date information in the pigments industry. This conference will be held concurrently with Color Cosmetics Summit, allowing attendees to pay just one conference fee to attend sessions from either event! The co-located conferences also include a combined exhibit hall and numerous opportunities to network with your colleagues.

October 24–26, 2011 Maritim Hotel, Berlin, Germany Be sure to bookmark and visit www.pigmentmarkets.com frequently for speaker and agenda updates!

You won’t want to miss this valuable opportunity to hear top-level presentations, including: š
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www.pigmentmarkets.com Register by our Early Bird deadline of Tuesday, Sept. 6, and save €150 off the full conference price!

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SEPTEMBER 13-14, 2011 OAK BROOK, IL

CTT 2010 SOLD OUT WEEKS IN ADVANCE. DON’T MISS YOUR OPPORTUNITY TO ATTEND IN 2011!

KEYNOTE PRESENTATION


DR. RICHARD D. JENKINS GLOBAL GROUP PRESIDENT, ARKEMA COATING RESINS

Arkema CoaƟng Resins is a global business unit of Arkema, and manufactures and markets an extensive line of resins and addiƟves for use in architectural and industrial coaƟngs, powder coaƟngs, traĸc paints, coaƟngs for texƟles, leather and non-wovens, pressure-sensiƟve adhesives, and construcƟon products. Dr. Jenkins, previously the president of Arkema Emulsion Systems, has over 24 years of industry experience covering a range of technology, markeƟng, and business leadership posiƟons both in North America and abroad. An acƟve leader in the coaƟngs industry, Dr. Jenkins serves on the Board of Directors of the American CoaƟngs AssociaƟon, and is a member of the Tau Beta Pi and the Omega Chi Epsilon engineering socieƟes. He has been awarded 29 patents and published over 70 scienƟĮc papers. He received UCC’s Corporate Fellows Technology Award in 1994 and UCC’s Chairman’s Award for Technology Leadership in 1995.

MORE THAN THIRTY PAPERS TO BE PRESENTED ALONG TWO DIFFERENT TRACKS

VIEW THE FULL AGENDA AT WWW.COATINGSCONFERENCE.COM PRESENTING COMPANIES Access Technologies, LLC Advanced Composite Materials, LLC Anton Paar USA Arkema Emulsion Systems Atlas Material TesƟng Technology LLC BASF CorporaƟon Bayer MaterialScience BYK Clariant CorporaƟon CPS Color

The Dow Chemical Company Dow CoaƟng Materials Eastman Chemical Company Emerald Performance Materials Encapsys (a division of Appleton Papers Inc.) Evonik Industries Henkel CorporaƟon Hielscher USA, Inc. Keyland Polymer Ltd.

Matheson MomenƟve and Brueggemann MomenƟve Specialty Chemicals Nanophase Technologies CorporaƟon OMG Americas Q-Lab CorporaƟon Radex UV Powder CoaƟng Rhodia, Inc. Southern Clay Products

CURRENT PREMIUM EXHIBITORS

STANDARD EXHIBITORS

ACT Test Panels LLC • Anton Paar USA • Archway Sales, Inc. • EMI Mills, Hall Technologies • HALOX Nanophase Technologies • Novolyte Performance Products • OM Group, PhibroChem • TABER Industries

during the

The Technology Forum for the Coatings Industry. Indianapolis, IN, May 7 – 9, 2012

May 8 – 10, 2012 www.american-coatings-show.com

Call for Papers Inspiring Innovation The American Coatings Association (ACA), in partnership with Vincentz Network (VN) is calling for papers to be presented at the American Coatings Conference 2012. This major technology forum for the coatings industry, which will take place May 7 – 9, 2012 in Indianapolis, IN, is held in conjunction with the American Coatings Show, May 8 – 10. As the American Coatings Association’s most valued event, it will again provide a world-class, high-level technical and scientific forum, rallying leading industry experts from coatings manufacturers, their suppliers, universities, and government partners across the nation and beyond. Innovative companies as well as academic/governmental research institutes are kindly invited to submit abstracts detailing high-level technical contributions to this event, presenting their latest research results that highlight advancements important to coatings as well as to printing inks, adhesives and sealants. Important note: The conference organizers will select proposed presentations for the AC Conference based on the following criteria: scientific significance, novelty and potential value-added to the industry. Please note, that this selection is based solely on the content of the abstract submitted. Prospective authors are strongly encouraged to make clear in their abstract the research’s unique contribution aligned with these criteria. Student papers are welcome. A limited number of the accepted student papers will be offered financial support from industry sponsors.

American Coatings Award The most outstanding coatings paper will be honored with the American Coatings Award selected and sponsored by the American Coatings Association and Vincentz Network. This prestigious award is endowed with $ 2,500 and an attractive sculpture.

The Roon Award The Roon Award is a cash prize funded through an endowment managed by the Coatings Industry Education Foundation (CIEF). Authors wishing to have their eventual paper considered for the ACA Roon Award should mark the appropriate designation on the form. As in the past, Roon Award designated abstracts will be evaluated by both

the ACC Program Committee and the ACA’s Roon Award Committee. Authors who have been accepted for Roon Award consideration will be notified separately, and will likely need to complete and submit their final papers to the Roon Award Committee before February 24, 2012 to be considered.

Important Deadlines f

Submission of title and abstract September 30, 2011

f

Notification of acceptance to speakers November 18, 2011

f

Submission of full technical paper for the conference proceedings February 24, 2012

Where to submit? We kindly ask you to submit your title and abstract online at www.american-coatings-show.com/callforpapers

Topics for technical papers High-level technical papers are solicited on: f Innovations in raw materials for coatings, printing inks, adhesives and sealants y Polymers and resins y Pigments and dyes y Fillers y Additives y Solvents f Technical/scientific studies on the interaction between these materials and their impact on properties f Fundamental studies on chemical and physical mechanisms and effects in coatings formulation, film formation curing or aging f Laboratory testing and analysis methods and equipment f New developments in processing and production techniques and equipment, i.e. y Mixing and dispersion equipment y Raw materials handling y Filtrations & filling y Automation and process control y Color management y Packaging y Curing y Coating f Success in 2012 and beyond y Legislation, regulation and standardization issues including, but not limited to: x National and international technology-forcing requirements x Sustainability, including developments in renewables x Green chemistry x Clean technology x Other product stewardship advancements y Foreign trade and operations y Acting global in a flat world f Increasing value from R&D y Open innovation y Service engineering y NineSigma y Global R&D networks y Speed to market y Improving return on R&D investment

Application Areas Focused parallel technical sessions will be held during the conference, covering the following broad application areas: f Automotive coatings (OEM and refinish) f Industrial coatings

f f f f f f f f f f

Architectural coatings (interior and exterior) Wood coatings Coatings in plastic Protective coatings (marine and corrosion protection) Functional coatings Specialty coatings Coatings production technology Measurement and testing Printing inks Adhesives & sealants

Invitation to Speakers and Requirements for Technical papers Authors of new work describing research results and developments which are of relevance to the topics described above are kindly invited to submit a short, significant and conclusive abstract to the conference organizers, outlining the technical/scientific/innovative/ novel content of the paper to be presented. Papers will be selected on the basis of novelty, scientific and technical value, and practical relevance. Please note that, in order to comply with the expectations of the conference audience, abstracts, presentations and papers for the conference proceedings must be non-commercial in style and focused exclusively on the technical/scientific content. To illustrate this policy, the use of trade names must be avoided wherever possible. Important note: Papers will not be accepted if they have been previously presented or published elsewhere.

General Information for Speakers All submissions will be treated with the strictest confidence, and will only be announced if selected in the final program. The oral presentation time will be 20–25 minutes in length followed by 5–10 minutes for discussion. Speakers from the industry will be offered a full conference participation including all materials for a special reduced rate. There will be no charge to speakers from academia. Co-authors attending the conference must pay the full conference fees.

Submission Deadline Please submit your technical abstract by September 30, 2011. Abstracts must be submitted online at www.american-coatings-show.com/callforpapers.

Questions? Please contact: Vincentz Network · Matthias Janz Plathnerstr. 4 c · 30175 Hanover, Germany For US calls: +1 (202) 684-6630 T: +49 511 9910-273 · F:+ 49 511 9910-279 [email protected]

C LASSIFIEDS EQUIPMENT

CUSTOM MANUFACTURING

POSITIONS AVAILABLE

TOLL BLENDING ISO-9001 certified manufacturer with nationwide network of plants seeks toll blending inquiries: sand/cement blends, latex or epoxy liquid packing, FFS form fill & seal packaging, private label products. Contact Dominic Di Cenzo 203.915.0279 or [email protected]

TECHNICAL SUPPORT APPLICATIONS CHEMIST The Shepherd Color Company, a growing world leading manufacturer of complex inorganic color pigments is seeking a Technical Support Applications Chemist.

EQUIPMENT

HIGH SPEED DISPERSERS

Use your technical knowledge and people skills in a team-oriented environment where you will be empowered to affect change. This is an excellent opportunity for an experienced Chemist who wants to use their creativity, quality focus and team building skills to make a valuable contribution. This position reports to the Technical Manager and is responsible for monitoring and analyzing regulatory issues impacting the Company and its customers. Certifying regulatory compliance of products is priority.

World Class Dispersers, In Stock And Ready To Ship! • Sizes from 1 HP to 200 HP • Many sizes in stock • All new and fully warranteed

The position requires a Bachelors Degree in Chemistry or Chemical Engineering with three (3) years working experience in formulation and application testing. Some travel will be required, with little notice at times.

Ross will beat any major manufacturer’s quote!

1-800-243-ROSS USA Tel: 631-234-0500 • Fax: 631-234-0691 www.dispersers.com

Stainless IT

Stainless ITT

CONN Blade®s

The Most Efficient & Aggressive Available

UHMW Poly

www.grindingmediadepot.biz www.connblade.com

(814) 723-7980

www.bladedepot.biz

800-726-1366 [email protected]

HOCKMEYER

EQUIPMENT CORPORATION A leader in the grinding and dispersion industries New & Used Equipment Dispersers • Mills • Mixers • Tank & Tote Washers • Particle Size Analysis • Vessels Visit us at www.hockmeyer.com or call us at 252-338-4705 Wanted to purchase: Used Dispersers & Mixers

Contact [email protected] to place your PCI Classified. 52



AUGUST 2011 | W W W . P C I M A G . C O M

We offer an excellent full benefit/compensation package including Health/Dental Benefits, Retirement Plan, and Tuition Reimbursement. To be considered, please submit a cover letter explaining your interest and goals along with your resume and salary history to: [email protected] The Shepherd Color Company 4539 Dues Drive Cincinnati, Ohio 45246 Fax – (513) 874-5845 For more information, please visit our career page in the “About Us” section at www.shepherdcolor.com.

PRODUCTS & SERVICES

Learning opportunities include: Dynamic speakers and specialized sessions focus on a broader range of functional expertise.

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LABORATORY SUPERVISOR-OHIO Coatings Research Group, Inc. is an international association of architectural paint manufacturers with an applied R&D laboratory near Cleveland.

Custom Pigment Dispersions Reitech Corporation Let us solve your Color Match Puzzle with our Aqueous products. 37+ years of technical expertise. www.reitechcorporation.com (610) 929-9451

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RECRUITMENT SERVICES Specializing in paint/coatings industry. Seeking passionate, high-impact professionals for nationwide positions. Send your resume in confidence to: Spencer M. Hermann

SEARCHLIGHT PARTNERS 28052 Camino Capistrano, Suite 209 Laguna Niguel, CA 92677 (949)429-8813 • [email protected]

Paint & Coatings Industry Executive Search Recruitment & Org. Consulting

www.thomasbrooke.com THOMAS BROOKE INTERNATIONAL

Contact Nicola James [email protected]

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AD INDEX Adhesive & Sealant Convention . . .53

Evonik Degussa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3, 56

www.ascouncil.org

www.evonik.com/colotrend

AllCoat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46

Fischer Technology, Inc. . . . . . . . . . .21

www.allcoattech.com

American Coatings Conference 50-51 www.american-coatings-show.com

Arch Chemicals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46 www.archbiocides.com/proxelbzplus

Arkema Emulsion Systems . . . . .26-27 www.arkemacoatingresins.com

BASF Corporation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 www.basf.us/dpsolutions

Brenntag North America. . . . . . . . . . . 9

www.fischer-technology.com

The Future of Pigment . . . . . . . . . . . .48 www.pigmentmarkets.com

Paul N. Gardner Company, Inc. . . .21 Glen Mills Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 www.glenmills.com

Heubach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 www.heubachcolor.com

www.brenntagnorthamerica.com

HunterLab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20

Brookfield . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29, 39

www.hunterlab.com/Industry/PaintCoating

www.coatingsviscosity.com www.brookfieldengineering.com

ISP Performance Chemicals . . . . . . . . 7

Buhler Inc.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41

LANXESS Corporation . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

www.buhlergroup.com

www.bayferrox.us

Bway Corporation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49

Mason Color Works, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . 17

www.bwaycorp.com/less-waste

BYK USA Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13, 21 www.byk.com

www.ispcoatings.com/water

www.masoncolorpigments.com

Michelman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 www.michelman.com

CAS-MI Laboratories . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 www.cas-mi.com www.innovationCAS-MI.com

CSC Scientific Company, Inc. . . . . . .20 www.cscscientific.com/surface-tension

CINIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Micro Powders, Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 www.micropowders.com

NAI Coating Show . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .47 Q-Lab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24 www.q-lab.com

Coatings Trends & Technologies . . .49

Ross, Charles and Son . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

www.coatingsconference.com

www.mixers.com

Conn and Co. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Sartomer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30

www.connblade.com

www.sartomer.com

CPS Color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

SensaDyne Instrument Div. . . . . . . .21

www.cpscolor.com

www.sensadyne.com

Cytec Industries Inc.. . . . . . . . . . . . . .44

Taber Industries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 www.taberindustries.com

Datacolor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 www.datacolor.com

Tec 5 USA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 www.tec5usa.com

DeFelsko Corp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36 www.defelsko.com

Elcometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 www.elcometer.com

EMD Chemicals Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

TRICOR Systems Inc. . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 www.imagingspectrophotometer.com

Univar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45 www.univarcorp.com

www.emdchemicals.com/xirallic

Vicinity Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . .46

EMI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46

www.vicinitymanufacturing.com

www.EMImills.com

Wacker Chemical Corporation . . . .25

Emerald Performance Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6, 23

www.wacker.com/knows-solutions

www.emeraldmaterials.com

www.xrite.com

X-Rite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21

Visit ads.pcimag.com 54



Publisher/ Donna M. Campbell East Coast Sales Tel: 610/650.4050 • Fax: 248/502.1091 E-mail: [email protected] Midwest/ Lisa Guldan West Coast Sales Tel: 630/882.8491 E-mail: [email protected] China Media Rep. Arlen Luo Tel: 0086-10-88579899 E-mail: [email protected] Europe Regional Uwe Riemeyer Manager Tel: 49 (0)202-271690 E-mail: [email protected] Inside Sales Manager Andrea Kropp Tel: 810/688.4847 E-mail: [email protected] Production Manager Brian Biddle Tel: 847/405.4104 • Fax: 248/244.3915 E-mail: [email protected]

www.thenaicoatingshow.com

www.cinic.com

www.cytec.com

PUBLISHING/SALES STAFF

www.gardco.com

AUGUST 2011 | W W W . P C I M A G . C O M

EDITORIAL STAFF Editor Kristin Johansson Tel: 248/641.0592 • Fax: 248/502.2094 E-mail: [email protected] Technical Editor Darlene R. Brezinski, Ph.D. E-mail: [email protected] Associate Editor Karen Parker Tel: 248/229.2681 E-mail: [email protected] Art Director Clare L. Johnson

OPERATIONS STAFF Single Copy Sales Ann Kalb E-mail: [email protected] Reprint Manager Jill L. DeVries 248/244.1726 E-mail: [email protected] For subscription information or service, please contact Customer Service at: Tel: 847/763.9534 or Fax: 847/763.9538 or e-mail [email protected]

MICRO POWDERS WAX ADDITIVES. FOR SUPERIOR SOLUTIONS ALL OVER THE HOUSE.

There are very few places in today's home where Micro Powders wax additives aren’t at work enhancing performance. From window frames to appliances to floors and furniture, our unique waxes make coatings function better. They’re used in wood coatings to aid sanding, prevent marring and provide a smooth feel. They increase scratch resistance in the coatings for refrigerators, stoves and washing machines that are used every day. They also provide textured surfaces on phones, televisions, computers, CD and DVD players. Micro Powders waxes help decks bead water. On window shutters and frames, they contribute to mar resistance and dirt release. They enable front doors to resist impact, and add texture to walkways and poolsides for excellent traction. Even two and three-piece food and beverage cans benefit from our additives for easy interior release and exterior scratch resistance. For better solutions all over the house, just check us out at www.micropowders.com or contact our worldwide network of agents and distributors today.

MICRO POWDERS, INC. Certified to ISO 9001:2000

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Fan-tastic! COLORTREND® 808 No-VOC High Performance Colorants Introducing COLORTREND® 808HP No-VOC colorants and Vivid Expressions™, the newest color collection offering 460 of the brightest, cleanest colors in the coatings industry. Vivid Expressions™ provides the flexibility to expand an existing COLORTREND® system or be used as a stand alone point-of-sale color system. Now you will experience broader color space for brighter colors, plus high performance solutions for better durability, superior fade resistance and improved opacity. By utilizing this latest No-VOC colorant technology you will also meet growing market demands and exceed environmental regulations. As the largest independent colorant manufacturer and a global leader in specialty chemicals, Evonik continues to deliver eco-friendly, innovative, color system solutions. Just one more step to making our world safer, brighter, better – inside and out! colored by colortrend

For more information, please contact your local Account Manager. Colortrend USA LLC 2 Turner Place P. O. Box 677 Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA phone +1 732 981 5343 www.evonik.com/colortrend