Adhesives & Sealants Industry March 2011

March 2011 • Volume 18, Issue 3 • www.adhesivesmag.com

Raw Materials, Chemicals, Polymers and Additives

HANDBOOK ❯ Moisture-Cure

Urethane Resins

❯ Conformal Coatings

18 below in Chicago. Super De-icer. Dreams take flight. NuSil Technology.

New ways to get from here to there. Silicone-coated aircraft wings that, one day, will enable planes to take off in extreme, icy conditions. Ultra-low-outgassing products that decrease volatility and increase longevity in outer space. Whatever your needs, the scientists at NuSil are dedicated to helping innovators innovate. As the leader in silicone solutions with nearly 30 years of aerospace experience, we can provide you with precise, custom formulations that make your ideas take off. What? When? Where? If it’s NuSil, it’s no problem.

©2010 NuSil Technology LLC. All rights reserved. ASI0410-A

What’s your challenge? www.nusil.com/asi USA +1-805-684-8780 Europe +33 (0) 4 92 96 93 31

796;,*;05..,50<: Connolly Bove attorneys understand your technology and how IP relates to your big picture needs.

It’s like we’re in your head. www.cblh.com

INNOVATION = VALUE COATINGS: Go ‘green’ with innovative binder and additive technologies.

ADHESIVES & SEALANTS:

Conserve energy in production and product use.

ELASTOMERS:

Formulate with alternative raw materials, and do it competitively.

YOUR CUSTOMERS DEMAND ENVIRONMENTALLY-FRIENDLY PRODUCTS. LET UNIVAR SHOW YOU HOW YOU CAN GO GREEN. Univar supplies the CASE industry with much more than a comprehensive line of sustainable ingredients — we can provide you with an innovative approach to your green formulation challenges, offering you technical expertise from concept to production. Consider Univar your partner in sustainable product development. We connect you to the latest materials and technologies, and help you bring environmentally-friendly products to market. Innovation, sustainability, expertise — it all adds up to value.

INNOVATION > TECHNICAL EXPERTISE > MARKETING > SALES > LOGISTICS > DISTRIBUTION

1.877.203.0045 | [email protected] www.univarcorp.com

IN THIS ISSUE ADHESIVES & SEALANTS INDUSTRY, VOLUME 18, NUMBER 3

12

DEPARTMENTS

STRATEGIC SOLUTIONS: MACRO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT The global trade imbalances leading into the crisis of 2008 have not been addressed on a cooperative basis.

15

ADVANCING ADHESIVES: NEW POLYMER EMULSION FOR CONSTRUCTION APPLICATIONS Proprietary manufacturing processes ensure that formulators can enjoy attributes such as higher neat polymer solids.

16 19

23

ANCHORS AWEIGH

HIGH-BUILD MCU COATING INNOVATION An MCU resin has been developed that presents new opportunities for protecting structural steel in corrosive environments.

CONFORMAL COATINGS FOR THE 21st CENTURY

2011 RAW MATERIALS, CHEMICALS, POLYMERS AND ADDITIVES HANDBOOK

Editor’s Memo

8

Company News

9

People

10

Calendar

14

Focus On: LANXESS

26

Focus On: Arkema

63

Services Marketplace

65

Classifieds

66

Ask Dr. Dave

66

Ad Index

16

A new structural adhesive recently withstood successful trials and may prove to offer major production benefits.

Parylene coatings can provide 100% protection for any device or component.

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The handbook defines materials used to manufacture adhesives and sealants, and lists the suppliers of those materials. 27 Users Guide and Index 28 Definitions and Supplier Listings 62 Appendix

March 2011 • Volume 18, Issue 3 • www.adhesivesmag.com

Raw Materials, Chemicals, Polymers and Additives

HANDBOOK ❯ Moisture-Cure

Urethane Resins

❯ Conformal Coatings

23

Cover.indd 1

2/11/11 10:53 AM

ON THE COVER: Photo courtesy of Bayer MaterialScience LLC.

FOR SUBSCRIPTION INFORMATION OR QUESTIONS, CONTACT: Customer Service: (847) 763-9534 ADHESIVES & SEALANTS INDUSTRY (ISSN 1070-9592) is published 12 times annually, monthly, by BNP Media, 2401 W. Big Beaver Rd., Suite 700, Troy, MI 48084-3333. Telephone: (248) 362-3700, Fax: (248) 362-0317. No charge for subscriptions to qualified individuals. Annual rate for subscriptions to nonqualified individuals in the U.S.A.: $178.00 USD. Annual rate for subscriptions to nonqualified individuals in Canada: $216.00 USD (includes GST & postage); all other countries: $228.00 (Int’l mail) payable in U.S. funds. Printed in the U.S.A. Copyright 2011, by BNP Media. All rights reserved. The contents of this publication may not be reproduced in whole or in part without the consent of the publisher. The publisher is not responsible for product claims and representations. Periodicals Postage Paid at Troy, MI and at additional mailing offices. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to: ADHESIVES & SEALANTS INDUSTRY, P.O. Box 2148, Skokie, IL 60076. Canada Post: Publications Mail Agreement #40612608. GST account: 131263923. Send returns (Canada) to Pitney Bowes, P.O. Box 25542, London, ON, N6C 6B2. Change of address: Send old address label along with new address to ADHESIVES & SEALANTS INDUSTRY, P.O. Box 2148, Skokie, IL 60076. For single copies or back issues: contact Ann Kalb at (248) 244-6499 or [email protected].

March 2011

Adhesives & Sealants Industry

Audited by BPA Worldwide.

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®

EDITOR'S MEMO

MATERIAL MATTERS

www.adhesivesmag.com 6075 B Glick Rd., Powell, OH 43065 • 614-789-1880

PUBLISHING STAFF John Schrei, Publishing Director — 248-786-1637, [email protected]

Welcome to our annual Raw Materials, Chemicals, Polymers and Additives Handbook. As in previous years, this year’s handbook has been updated with many new products and definitions. The listings are divided into five major categories: Additives and Chemical Specialties; Oils and Fatty Acids; Resins and Base Polymers; Pigments and Dyes, Dry/Dispersions and Extenders; and Solvents. The directory is set up with a definition for each material, followed by the names of suppliers that provide the material.* Products are listed alphabetically under each category and subcategory. Use this handy guide to find suppliers throughout the year, and be sure to also take a look at the fully searchable handbook online at www.adhesivesmag.com/materialshandbook. While our staff made every effort to contact the entire community of materials suppliers to our industry, we may have inadvertently missed some. If you are a materials supplier and would like to be included, please contact Peg Van Winkle at (614) 760-4222 or e-mail [email protected] for pricing and additional details. In addition to the handbook, this issue also features editorial that focuses on material advances. For example, a moisture-cure urethane (MCU) resin has been developed that can improve the performance of MCU coatings for structural steel in applications such as bridges, water tanks and marine environments. “HighBuild MCU Coating Innovation” (pp. 19-22) has all the details. The full Table of Contents for this issue can be found on p. 5. Your input is always welcome. If you have suggestions regarding how we can improve the Raw Materials, Chemicals, Polymers and Additives Handbook, please contact me at (330) 336-4098 or [email protected]. Susan Sutton is Editor-in-Chief, Integrated Media for Adhesives & Sealants Industry and Ceramic Industry magazines. If you wish to send a letter to the editor, please e-mail [email protected]. Letters must include the sender’s address, phone number and e-mail address, when possible. Letters may be edited for space and clarity.

Tom Esposito, Senior Group Publisher — 610-436-4220, [email protected] Amy Vallance, Publisher — 281-550-5855, [email protected] Susan Sutton, Editor-in-Chief, Integrated Media — 330-336-4098, [email protected] Teresa McPherson, Managing Editor — 734-332-0541, [email protected] Kelsey Seidler, Associate Editor — 614-789-1881, [email protected] Lindsay Leusby, Art Director — 248-244-1735, [email protected] Karen Talan, Production Manager — 248-244-6246, [email protected]

SALES STAFF Amy Vallance, Sales Representative, U.S., Canada, and Latin America 281-550-5855, [email protected] Patrick Connolly, Sales Representative, Europe Patco Media-London, 99 Kings Road, Westcliff on Sea, Essex SSO 8PH, England 44-1702-477341, FAX 44-1702-477559 Peg Van Winkle, Inside Sales 614-760-4222, [email protected] Robert Liska, Postal List Rental Manager 800-223-2194 x726, [email protected] Shawn Kingston, E-mail List Rental Account Manager 800-409-4443 x828, [email protected]

CONTRIBUTING EDITORS Dave Dunn, bms North America Dan Murad, The ChemQuest Group Inc. David P. Nick, DPNA International Inc.

EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD Steven Gailbreath, Arizona Chemical Richard P. Muny, Chemsultants International Network Larry Owen, Franklin International Lex Reynolds, Reynolds Glue Deborah Chrzanowski, Intertape Polymer Group and PSTC Technical Steering Committee Chair

THIS MONTH ON www.adhesivesmag.com... Online Exclusive: European Coatings Show We take an inside look at the upcoming European Coatings Show, to be held March 28-31 in Nuremberg, Germany.

AUDIENCE DEVELOPMENT Jill Buchowski, Audience Development Manager Kelly Carlson, Multimedia Specialist

Online Exclusive: Acquisitions Stay up to date on the industry’s latest buying/selling activities with this listing of recent acquisitions.

Carolyn M. Alexander, Audience Audit Coordinator For subscription information or service, please contact Customer Service at: Tel. (847) 763-9534 or Fax (847) 763-9538 or e-mail [email protected]

Raw Materials, Chemicals, Polymers and Additives Handbook The online version of the Raw Materials, Chemicals, Polymers and Additives Handbook is searchable by product or company, and includes extras such as hotlinks, spec sheets, and videos for select suppliers.* Digital Edition ASI’s digital editions are easy to read, search and download. Site visitors can subscribe or view archived digital editions.

CORPORATE DIRECTORS Publishing: Timothy A. Fausch

Creative: Michael T. Powell

Publishing: John R. Schrei

Directories: Nikki Smith

Corporate Strategy: Rita M. Foumia

Human Resources: Marlene J. Witthoft

Marketing: Ariane Claire

Conferences & Events: Emily Patten

Production: Vincent M. Miconi

Clear Seas Research: Beth A. Surowiec

Finance: Lisa L. Paulus

BNP Media Helps People Succeed in Business with Superior Information * Supplier listings indicate paid advertising. Contact Peg Van Winkle at [email protected] for pricing and additional details.

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March 2011

WHAT

COULD YOU DO WITH AN

ADHESIVE

THIS GOOD? Adhesives are critical elements to successful manufacturing. Regardless of the surface, when designing a bonding solution for metal, wood or plastic, Kraton Polymers' premium elastomers deliver a broad array of customized options. Whether you are targeting increased processing speed or alternative functionality, Kraton® polymers can give you optimal versatility with world-class quality. Kraton products enable you to deliver proven cost savings and enhanced performance in diverse film, label and personal care applications. With these capabilities, you can understand what makes Kraton Polymers a global leader in the industry. For all your adhesive and sealant needs, Kraton Polymers is your single source for highly innovative solutions, service and support.

Visit our booth Hall 7 Stand 741

Delivering solutions to your toughest challenges is what we do best.

For more information, call 1-800-4-KRATON or visit our website at www.kraton.com

COMPANY NEWS BROOKFIELD will hold two hands-on courses to teach users of their instruments how to get the most out of their viscosity test methods. The “Practical Course on Viscosity Measurements” provides attendees with the tools and concepts they need to make the most precise viscosity measurements possible; “Applied Course on Viscosity Test Methods” is designed for the intermediate to advanced Brookfield Instrumentation user in R&D, analytical, and process engineering functions. For additional details, phone (800) 6288139 or visit www.brookfieldengineering. com/services/educational-programs. CELANESE CORP. has announced that its wholly owned subsidiary, Celanese Far East Ltd., has signed letters of intent to construct and operate industrial ethanol production facilities at the Nanjing Chemical Industrial Park in Nanjing, China, and at the Gaolan Port Economic Zone in Zhuhai, China. Pending project approvals, Celanese could begin industrial ethanol production within the next 30 months, with an initial nameplate capacity of 400,000 tons/year per plant and an initial investment of approximately $300 million per plant. For more information, visit www. celanese.com.

The Hydrocarbon Specialty Chemical division of CRAY VALLEY has signed a distribution contract with Grolman Group to position all of Cray Valley’s materials to the plastic market in Germany, Switzerland, Austria and Benelux. Grolman will focus on developing sales at masterbatch and compounder companies where they sell a variety of other products. For additional details, visit www.cray valley.com or www.grolman-group.com. DOW CORNING has announced the completion of an integrated silicone manufacturing site in Zhangjiagang, China, jointly owned by Dow Corning and its joint venture partner. The combined $1.8 billion investment is reportedly China’s largest facility of this kind of integrated silicone production sites. The site includes a siloxane plant and a pyrogenic silica plant, both of which are jointly owned by Dow Corning and its joint venture partner. In addition, the site features finished silicone production plants, which are owned and operated independently by each company. Visit www.xiameter.com or www.dow corning.com for details. 8

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ANNOUNCEMENT EPA AND ECHA SIGN AGREEMENT TO ENHANCE CHEMICAL SAFETY The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) have announced a partnership that aims to promote enhanced technical cooperation on chemical management activities. The partnership is part of the EPA’s commitment to improve chemical safety. ECHA is the agency that implements the European Union’s chemical management program known as REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemicals). One of the major anticipated areas of collaboration will be on the exchange of data and information. For example, the statement of intent will promote the exchange of non-confidential information on hazards, uses, and substance identification between ECHA and EPA, including data collected under REACH. The two agencies will also share criteria for managing confidential business information, with the goal of increasing the availability of chemical information to the public. For more information, visit www.epa.gov/oppt or http://echa.europa.eu. FIBER-TECH INC. recently received the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Design for the Environment award for switching to an acetone-free working environment. The switch was made as part of a program established by Ashland Distribution, a commercial unit of Ashland Inc. It was through this program that Fiber-Tech, a custom molder of fiberglass composites for national and international OEM markets, received recognition from the EPA. For more information, call (614) 7903203 or visit www.fiber-techinc.com. H.B. FULLER CO. announced plans to create a global center of excellence in application development for the Window and Solar industries at the company’s St. Paul, MN, headquarters. Application development for these industries will be centralized and joined with global product development, substantially accelerating innovation timelines. H.B. Fuller expects that this improvement will allow it to deliver solutions to customers more quickly. Visit www.hbfuller.com for details.

The Performance Products division of HUNTSMAN CORP. has selected Viachem Ltd. as its U.S. representative and distributor of JEFFSPERSE ® X3503 dispersant for the coatings market. “We expect this to be a great partnership that will result in significant growth in market share for JEFFSPERSE dispersant,” said Stu Monteith, vice president of Huntsman Performance Products. For additional details, visit www. huntsman.com or www.viacheminc.com.

MAPEI recently announced the opening of MAPEI de Mexico SA de CV, with headquarters in Santiago de Queretaro, Queretaro, Mexico. The regional distribution center in Queretaro will serve floor-covering installers and concrete restoration contractors from a more local base. The global company already has manufacturing facilities in Venezuela and Argentina. For additional information, visit www. mapei.com. NORDSON EFD , a division of Nordson Corp., has won the Good Design Award for 2010 for its Optimum™ cartridge system. The award criteria include a quality design of the highest form, function, materials, concept, utility, construction and aesthetics; the design must also embody product excellence and strong public identity. For more information, visit www. nordsonefd.com. PPG COMMERCIAL COATINGS announced the introduction of a urethane gel coat designed specifically for the wind energy market. The gel coat is available in clear for wind blades and pigmented for nacelles, as developed and manufactured by Plasticolors Inc. The urethane gel coat will be marketed and distributed globally by PPG. The two companies will work together to address the advanced coating requirements of the rapidly expanding wind energy industry. For more information, visit www.ppg.com or www.plasticolors.com. SCHEPISE CHEMICAL SALES LLC is a manufacturer’s representative firm that promotes a range of fine specialty chemicals, including rosin resins, rosin esters, polyterpene resins, March 2011

hydrocarbon resins, and specialty polymers for the adhesives and sealants industry.Linda Schepise, president, has specialized in resins, polymers and lubricants sales for more than 22 years. For additional details, visit www.SchepiseChemicalSales.com.

Pictures: ICE Europ e

U.S. ZINC has announced two new distributors to represent the company’s zinc oxide division within the coatings market. The company has signed agreements with E.W. Kaufmann Co. and Gulf Coast Chemical Corp. to distribute zinc oxide to coatings customers in the Gulf Coast, mid-Atlantic, and northeast regions of the U.S. For more information, visit www.uszinc.com, www.ewkaufmann. com or www.gulfcoast-chemical.com.

PEOPLE The Supervisory Board of LANXESS AG has agreed to revoke the contract of MATTHIAS ZACHERT, member of the Board of Management and chief financial officer, effective March 31, as per his request. BERNHARD DÜTTMANN, Ph.D., previously a member of the Board of Management and chief financial officer of Beiersdorf AG, has been appointed member of the Board of Management and chief financial officer of LANXESS AG, effective April 1. MACtac ® Printing Products has announced the promotion of KIM HENSLEY to the position of product manager, durable films, within the company’s roll label commercial area. In her new role, Hensley is responsible for the management of MACtac’s durable film product line in North America. Maroon Inc. has hired RACHEL HARDMAN in the position of customer service manager. She will oversee all customer service initiatives that support both internal and external customers. Hardman has experience in marketing and customer relations. MAPEI has appointed LEIGH HIGHTOWER Technical Services manager for the U.S. He will focus on MAPEI’s floor covering installation systems, providing technical expertise and guiding a staff of experts who address customer concerns about installing wood, carpet, resilients, tile, and stone.

FLORIDA IS CALLING North America’s new dedicated paper, film, foil, nonwovens converting show 250+ exhibitors Running machinery Comprehensive 3-day conference Pre-show flexible packaging conference and seminars Industry meeting point

Univar Inc. has promoted DAVID JUKES to president of Univar Europe. He replaces JOHN VAN OSCH, who is leaving the company to pursue new opportunities. Jukes most recently served as Univar’s vice president of Sales and Marketing for Europe, the Middle East and Africa.

USA

Michelman recently announced the hiring of MICHAEL KRAMER to the position of Chemical Specialties R&D manager. Kramer, who will be based at the company’s headquarters, will be responsible for global chemical specialties R&D activities, including project and technology leadership, technical service, and laboratory management. ®

Fusion UV Systems Inc. has named BELL LI to the position of senior sales engineer. Bell will continue to be based in Fusion’s Shenzhen, China, office. Prior to joining Fusion China in 2007, Li held sales engineering roles at Panasonic and SAE Magnetics. KURT SCHRAMER, strategic business development director at MACtac® North America, has been elected to the board of directors of The Pressure Sensitive Tape Council (PSTC). Schramer has more than 30 years of experience serving MACtac’s roll label, graphics and technical commercial areas in a variety of managerial roles. March 2011

e! See you ther

www.ice-x-usa.com Register online today Adhesives & Sealants Industry

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COMPANY NEWS CALENDAR MARCH 7-10 InformEx 2011; Charlotte Convention Center; Charlotte, NC; www.informex.com 8-9

RadTech uv.eb West; Santa Clara, CA; www.radtech.org

16-17 Green Manufacturing Expo; Orlando, FL; www. canontradeshows.com/expo/gmx11/ana_event. html 29-31 European Coatings Show; Nuremberg, Germany; www.european-coatings-show.com/en/default.ashx

17-19 ASC Spring Convention and Expo; Tampa, FL; www.ascouncil.org

MAY 3-5

13-18 Pittcon 2011; Georgia World Congress Center; Atlanta, GA; www.pittcon.org 14-17 Coverings; Sands Expo and Convention Center; Las Vegas, NV; www.coverings.com/coverings2011/ public/enter.aspx

APRIL 5-7

AeroDef Manufacturing 2011; Anaheim Convention Center; Anaheim, CA; http://aerodef. sme.org

Chemspec USA 2011; Pennsylvania Convention Center; Philadelphia; www.chemspecevents.com/usa/

9-11 Construction, Corrosion & Infrastructure Conference; Las Vegas, NV; http://www.goeshow. com/acma/CCI/ereg497293.cfm?clear 9-13 PSTC Week of Learning; Hyatt Regency Grand Cypress; Orlando, FL; www.pstc.org

A word from our customers: "Merlin's flexibility is remarkable. They stock our material and can turn on a dime when our requirements change. They always ship quickly, and more than once have responded to emergencies with next-day delivery. Nice people that are easy to work with. Overall, Merlin is an excellent supplier." B. S. Specialty polymer supplier Merlin customer for 9 years

"Merlin is extremely qualityconscious, with fast delivery and excellent attention to detail. They've given us the opportunity to be competitive on smaller orders by downpacking drums into custom cartridges. Our sales have grown steadily, thanks in no small part to Merlin Packaging." Eric Watson Purchasing Supervisor Rudolph Brothers & Co. Merlin customer for 10 years Merlin provides accurate filling of dual cartridges, syringes, pouches, mixed frozen, and many other packaging options. For fast delivery of big or small orders of quality custom packaging, call Merlin Packaging Technologies today.

23-25 2011 Binding Industries Association Conference; ChampionsGate, FL; www.printing.org/biaconference 30-6/1 13th European PLACE Conference; Festpielhaus on Lake Constance; Bregenz, Austria; www.tappi.org

JUNE 7-9

Green Manufacturing Expo; New York City; www. canontradeshows.com/expo/gmx11/ana_event.html

19-21 Forest Products Society’s 65th International Convention; Portland, OR; www.forestprod.org/ ic65/overview.html 21-23 Green Manufacturing Expo; Toronto, Ont.; www. canontradeshows.com/expo/gmx11/ana_event.html

JULY 15-15 COMPOSITES CHINA; Shanghai, China; chris. [email protected]

SEPTEMBER 13-14 Nanopolymers 2011; Dusseldorf, Germany; http:// ismithers.net/venue-details/XNAN11 15-16 FEICA Conference; Valencia, Spain; www.feica.eu 20-22 Green Manufacturing Expo; Rosemont (Chicago), IL; www.canontradeshows.com/expo/gmx11/ ana_event.html 20-22 Assembly and Automation Technology Expo; Rosemont (Chicago), IL; www.aatexpo.com 26-28 CPP Expo; Las Vegas Convention Center: Las Vegas; www.cppexpo.com/

OCTOBER 6-8

TURKCOAT COATINGS SHOW; stanbul Expo Center; Istanbul, Turkey; www.turkcoat.com

16-18 ASC 2011 Fall Convention; Indianapolis, IN; www. ascouncil.org

NOVEMBER 1-3

861 Taylor Road, Suite E

Gahanna, OH 43230 Toll-free: 888-648-7878 [email protected] www.merlinpackaging.com

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2011 CHEM SHOW; Jacob K. Javits Convention Center; www.chemshow.com

9-10 The Composites Engineering Show; Birmingham, UK; www.compositesexhibition.com 21-23 Abrafati 2011; Sao Paolo, Brazil; www. abrafati2011.com.br/index_engl.html For a more detailed listing, visit www.adhesivesmag.com.

March 2011

A permanent affair. Visit our new website www.evonik.com/adhesives-sealants t Visit us a 1, Hall 7A 1 3 Booth Coatings European Show

You are interested in tailor-made solutions and services? You are looking for a key player who assists you to create high performance products for the adhesives and sealants industry? Our experts await your next challenge!

their formulations to achieve higher performance and effectiveness. The constantly growing range of products and solutions reflects our innovation and flexibility, the answer to modern market demands.

Evonik Industries is one of the major suppliers to the adhesives industry. Based on various chemical platforms we offer products which enable adhesive manufacturers to enhance

For further information please visit our website or send an e-mail to: [email protected] www.evonik.com/adhesives-sealants

STRATEGIC SOLUTIONS

MACRO ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT “If something cannot go on forever, it will stop.” —Herbert Stein By A. Todd Muhleman, Manager, Strategic Planning/D&R Analysis, The ChemQuest Group, Inc.

lthough the Federal Reserve Board has ended most of the extraordinary liquidity facilities put in place after the collapse of Lehman Brothers in September 2008, the current policy of “quantitative easing” is setting the stage for another round of global commodity inflation. Even more worrisome than rising commodity prices is the recognition that many of the conditions that paved the foundation for the crisis are still in place more than two years later.

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The global trade imbalances leading into the crisis of 2008 have not been addressed on a cooperative basis. Instead, neo-mercantilism continues to flourish. Nations continue to keep or expand trade advantages by manipulating their currencies to maximize their trade surplus or ameliorate their trade deficit rather than letting the market rebalance exchange rates to correct these imbalances. In addition, the “too big to fail” banks and government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs),

including Fannie Mae, that were bailed out during the crisis have created a moral hazard where these large firms are still implicitly encouraged to make risky bets knowing that they can keep the gains and socialize the losses should they occur. Europe’s sovereign debt crisis, which began in Greece and continued on to Ireland and Portugal, also threatens the stability of the global economy unless the European Union (EU) can agree on a large enough solution to get ahead of the next member’s fiscal crisis. Ben Bernanke and the Fed have embarked on a course of action to devalue the dollar, putting pressure on China to end its fixed exchange rate with the dollar or face domestic inflation caused by linking their monetary policy to that of the Fed. All of these policy decisions, as well as the dramatic post-crisis increase in global sovereign indebtedness, increase the likelihood that the next global crisis will be even deeper and more difficult to recover from. Despite these concerns, economists and the public have an increasingly positive outlook for the global economy as time passes without another crisis event; they are hopeful that growth will be enough to be self-sustaining once government stimulus is withdrawn. In the U.S., the two-year extension of the Bush-era tax cuts look to add an additional 1% to GDP in 2011, moving the consensus real growth rate among economists from 2.5% to 3.5% for the year.

IMPLICATIONS FOR THE ADHESIVES INDUSTRY The adhesives industry has seen firms at all levels of the value chain move to streamline operations through reduced capacity, staffing and inventory since the crisis. The largest benefactors have been raw material and intermediate product producers that have been able to pass along their cost increases to the formulators through capacity cutbacks, which have also been affected by unforeseen events such as force majeure outages in the acrylics supply chain. Acrylics are not the exception; nearly all chemistries for adhesive formulation continue to see substantive price increases.

TRANSPORTATION Annual light truck and auto sales in the U.S. market averaged > 15 million from 2000 to 2008, but fell to 10.4 milMarch 2011

Figure 1. U.S. Lightweight Auto/Truck Sales (SAAR, millions of units)

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce

lion in 2009. Since the initial downturn after the end of the “cash for clunkers” program, the industry has been steadily growing, selling 11.5 million units in 2010, with the final quarter of 2010 averaging more than 12 million units on a seasonally adjusted annual rate (SAAR). The 2012 consensus forecast from the industry is for 12.5 million units, a year-over-year increase of 11%. In addition to unit volume growth, the transportation industry is moving toward a much greater use of lightweight composite materials. While the Boeing 787 Dreamliner has been beset with numerous delays because of its groundbreaking construction, the fuel savings that these “weight-saving” technologies bring are being seriously considered in the automotive sector. These materials use structural adhesives instead of steel and aluminum with welding and mechanical fasteners, but will need to substantially come down in price to become a competitive alternative to traditional construction methods. A primary driver is the 2020 CAFE standards that mandate an average of 35 mpg, 40% higher than today’s vehicles, something that will require revolutionary re-engineering to meet.

Figure 2. Private Construction Spending

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

warm success, at best. Since the end of the last round of homebuyer incentives, prices have begun to decline again across nearly all markets, and the market appears to be setting up for a double dip. Despite the continuing problems, residential investment (mainly new single and multi-family units, as well as home improvements) looks to have finally bottomed and may add to GDP growth in 2011 for the first time since 2005.

the positive growth of 2010. The consensus outlook for GDP growth in the global economy for 2011 is a robust 4-4.5%, down slightly from 2010’s rate of 4.8% forecast by the International Monetary Fund.

GLOBAL GROWTH

industries headquartered in Cincinnati.

A number of issues stand ready to derail global growth in 2011 or later years. Hopefully, however, 2011 can build on

For more information, phone (513) 469-7555 or visit

CONSTRUCTION Private construction spending in the U.S. continues to lag the rest of the economy. Efforts to revive the residential housing market have met with lukeMarch 2011

ABOUT THE AUTHOR A. Todd Muhleman is manager of Strategic Planning for The ChemQuest Group Inc., an international strategic management consulting firm specializing in the adhesives, sealants and coatings

www.chemquest.com.

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FOCUS ON

From left: Larry Brotherton, board chairman, SOCMA; Dan Hawkinson, Torsten Hauschild, Rob Hampe, and Rainer Eischeid, LANXESS; and Larry Sloan, president, SOCMA.

LANXESS RECEIVES NATIONAL PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT HONOR he Society of Chemical Manufacturers and Affiliates (SOCMA) has awarded the LANXESS Corp. operations in Baytown, Texas, with a 2010 Silver Aw a r d f o r i m p l e m e n t i n g a r e c o g nized environmental, health, safety and security (EHS&S) program. The award is given as part of SOCMA’s annual Performance Improvement Awards, sponsored by ChemStewards ®, SOCMA’s EHS&S initiative. T h e B a y t o w n f a c i l i t y, w h i c h manufactures maleic anhydride, was recognized in the product stewardship category for developing and making available to all customers a guide

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and video on the safe handling and transportation of its product. “It is an honor to receive this recognition from SOCMA,” said Rainer Eischeid, vice president, Basic Chemicals in North America. “The safety of our products, even after they have left our hands, is very important.” SOCMA, the only U.S.-based trade association dedicated solely to the batch chemical industry, recognized LANXESS Corp. at its Annual Dinner in New York City during a special awards reception.

improvement program. ChemStewards was created from industry’s commitment to reducing its environmental footprint. Industry created ChemStewards to meet the unique needs of the batch, custom, and specialty chemical industry. As a mandatory requirement for SOCMA members engaged in the manufacturing or handling of chemicals, ChemStewards is helping participants reach for superior EHS&S performance. For more information, visit www.chemstewards.com.

ABOUT LANXESS LANXESS is a leading specialty chemicals company with sales of @5.06 billion (~ $6 billion) in 2009 and currently around 14,700 employees in 24 countries. The company is represented at 45 production sites worldwide. LANXESS’

ABOUT CHEMSTEWARDS

core business is the development, manufacture and

ChemStewards is SOCMA’s flagship environmental, health,

marketing of plastics, rubber, intermediates, and specialty

safety and security (EHS&S) continuous performance

chemicals. For more information, visit www.lanxess.com.

March 2011

ADVANCING ADHESIVES

NEW POLYMER EMULSION FOR CONSTRUCTION APPLICATIONS Proprietary manufacturing processes ensure that formulators can enjoy attributes such as higher neat polymer solids, viscosity and freeze-thaw stabilities.

Upon formulating, the emulsion exhibits broad stroke flexibility in allowing custom formulations to include higher carbonate filler loadings, mechanical stability and compatibility with standard industry intermediates. Integral to formulating, Parachem AC-7045 displays excellent self-thickening response while maintaining acceptable rheological profiles. Ammonia and/or higher boiling amines are used successfully to increase the pH from 5.0 (where the neat emulsion resides) to ranges of 7.5 or higher to optimize self-thickening, in-can stability, and reduce or eliminate the need for additional thickeners. Built into the backbone of Parachem AC-7045 are resident components that not only provide excellent water resistance, but also allow this technology to be formaldehyde-free. In addition, Parachem AC-7045 is acceptable for the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s CFR 175.105. The balance of adhesion, dry tack and high shear strength is a valuable asset when formulating adhesives for multiple applications. Parachem AC-7045 can be tackified without losing a significant amount of cohesive strength with hydrocarbon and rosin ester tackifiers, which are typically used with acrylic emulsions. The polymer emulsion’s water resistance and plasticizer migration properties, along with adhesion tack, make it suitable for use in building and construction applications. Other markets may include flooring adhesives, roofing, film laminating and packaging.

ABOUT ROYAL ADHESIVES AND SEALANTS, LLC Royal Adhesives and Sealants, LLC is a leading producer of proprietar y, high-performance adhesives and sealants. Headquartered in South Bend, IN, Royal offers a broad range of specialty formulated products designed to solve complex bonding, lami-

arachem® AC-7045 is an all-acrylic polymer emulsion that can be used in a variety of construction and pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) and sealants. The emulsion’s proprietary manufacturing processes ensure that formulators can enjoy attributes such as higher neat polymer solids, viscosity and freezethaw stabilities on finished products and broader formulating latitudes.

P

March 2011

Parachem AC-7045 is positioned at 65% non-volatiles, with a targeted viscosity value of 3,000 cps. The emulsion is anionic in nature, displays good miscibility in water and is tolerant to solvent additions. Its glass-transition temperature is -40°C and the emulsion has a mean particle size of 200 nanometers. Parachem AC-7045 is low in odor, exhibits excellent film integrity and displays aggressive tack.

nating, and sealing applications across many markets, including aerospace and defense, construction, specialty packaging, automotive, and industrial. With six manufacturing locations and about 300 employees, the company offers a range of customized thermosetting epoxy and urethane, solventbased, and water-based technologies to meet the most demanding adhesive and sealant applications. For more information, call (864) 967-7691 or visit www.royaladhesives.com.

Adhesives & Sealants Industry

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A new structural adhesive recently withstood successful trials and may prove to offer major production benefits. he new Crestabond primerless methyl methacrylate (MMA) structural adhesive from Scott Bader has been successfully tested by Interboat NL in the Netherlands. The adhesive has proven to be a much faster and cleaner method of fitting the GRP engine foundation part in the company’s 5.7-m-long (18-ft) fiberglass sloop, when compared to traditional glass and resin overlaminating. A significant reduction of more than 60% in the overall assembly time was achieved. Shop floor conditions were also improved, as the new adhesive offers reduced styrene exposure. In addition, dust from grinding the hull surface, which normally takes place prior to overlaminating, is eliminated. In terms of surface preparation, Crestabond only requires a wipe-down of all the contact surfaces with a solvent in order to remove contaminants such as grease and dirt.

Position The engine foundation part was positioned to its correct place in the hull prior to the adhesive application. An outline of the exact position was then drawn with a marker. The GRP engine foundation section measured approximately 2.2 m (7 ft) long by 1 m (3 ft) wide.

STEP BY STEP

Placement The final step required workers to swing the GRP engine foundation section back over the hull and carefully lower it down onto the adhesive, positioning it using the marked outline. Due to some dimensional variance at certain contact points, it was necessary to apply a bit more adhesive to fill some gaps. A small brush was then used all around the bond line to smooth out any surplus adhesive. Wooden struts were also bonded into place at this point. The entire assembly process from start to finish took just 15 minutes, with minimal mess or waste. This was a significant time

T

The bonding trial on the 5.7-m sloop was conducted last year by Patrick O’Shea, Scott Bader’s adhesives sales development manager, at the request of Wim Kooman, Interboat’s production manager. The demonstration necessitated several important steps: Preparation The bond areas on the engine foundation base and the hull were wiped with solvent and a clean cloth. 16

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Application The engine foundation section was lifted clear, and the Crestabond M1-20 adhesive was applied to the hull surface using an air-assisted 380-ml cartridge gun, following the pre-marked bond line (approximately 6 m [19 ft] around). Crestabond M1-20 was determined to be the most suitable choice for this particular application because of its 16- to 22-minute working time and its gap fill properties of up to 25 mm (1 in.).

March 2011

Following a simple solvent wipe surface preparation, the engine section was positioned in the hull and a bond line drawn around it.

With the engine part lifted clear, the Crestabond was applied with an airassisted, 380-ml cartridge gun.

Engine section and wooden struts bonded into place. Crestabond M1-20 was fully cured and ready for the bond strength lifting test within 70 minutes.

The Crestabond bond line held the full 500 kg weight of the sloop when it was lifted clear of the cradle. A thorough inspection confirmed that the bond line maintained its integrity throughout.

savings compared to the 40 minutes typically needed to surface grind and overlaminate the same part. Curing The sloop was then left to allow the bonded section to cure. Crestabond M1-20 fully cured in 70 minutes and was then ready to undergo a bond strength test.

The engine section was carefully dropped into place onto the Crestabond adhesive and accurately positioned in the hull. Any gaps were filled, and a small brush was used around the edges to smooth any excess adhesive.

the top of the engine foundation section. The craft was lifted clear of its cradle and left to hang so that the adhesive bond line took 100% of the strain. The bond maintained its integrity. After a thorough inspection of the joint line by the Interboat team, it was confirmed that the Crestabond joint was intact all around the engine foundation section.

RESULTS BOND STRENGTH TESTING For the bond strength test, the sloop was filled with 180 kg (396 lbs) of ballast, making its total weight 500 kg (1,100 lbs). The lifting gear was attached to fixtures that had been secured to March 2011

After the trial, Kooman stated that he was “impressed with both the rapid bond performance and workability of this new Crestabond adhesive. For such a strong bond to be achieved in just over an hour with no preparation, other than a clean with solvent, really surAdhesives & Sealants Industry

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prised me. When we lifted the sloop up off the cradle with the crane, I was really not expecting the bond to hold, but it did. I am now convinced. It has really opened my eyes to much bigger bonding opportunities on some of the larger cruisers we make, such as in deck-to-hull bonding, where I think we can make huge savings in production time. This will be our next bonding trial with Crestabond.” Kooman went on to say that he “liked the positive reaction of all the shop floor workers. They took to applying the Crestabond product with the air-assisted gun easily and were very happy not to be wearing full masks or having to use the grinding machine to prepare the hull surface. This type of bonding is definitely a good way to help create a cleaner and better working environment on the shop floor.”

ADHESIVE OPTIONS In the current Crestabond range, five adhesives are designed to bond a variety of composite, metal and plastic substrates. All have a 10:1 mix ratio and offer a choice of working times from 4-100 minutes to suit most production processes. Crestabond is available in a range of pack sizes depending on user requirements, including 380-ml coaxial cartridges, 20-l pails or 200-l drums for bulk dispensing applications.

ABOUT INTERBOAT Interboat annually produces around 220 high-quality fiberglass cruisers, tenders and sloops in a range of sizes from 5.7 to 10.5 m. The head office and main showroom is located in Loosdrecht (approximately 20 km southeast of Amsterdam), and production operations are located in Zwartsluis. As a forward-thinking company with a modern approach to manufacturing, Interboat is always looking for improvements in production. Scott Bader was introduced to Interboat by its composites distribution partner, Advanced Plastics NL, which distributes the full range of Crystic® resins, gelcoat, and adhesives in the Netherlands. For additional details, visit www.interboat.com.

ABOUT SCOTT BADER Established in 1921, Scott Bader is a £180 million (approximately $287 million) multinational chemical company that employs more than 500 people worldwide. It is a common trusteeship company with no external shareholders and a strong commitment to supporting its customers, workforce, and the environment. Based in the UK, the company’s purpose-built, state-of-theart technical facilities provide R&D and complete evaluation, testing, and application support. The company has manufacturing facilities in the UK, France, Croatia, the Middle East and South Africa. For more information, call (44) 01933-663100, e-mail info@ scottbader.com or visit www.scottbader.com.

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March 2011

Moisture-cure coatings featuring polyurethane resins manufactured by Bayer MaterialScience were utilized in the renovation of the Cass St. Bridge, which connects La Crosse, WI, and La Crescent, MN.

An MCU resin has been developed that presents new opportunities for protecting structural steel in corrosive environments. By Ahren Olson, R&D Specialist, Bayer MaterialScience LLC

moisture-cure urethane (MCU) coating is a one-component paint that consists of a polyisocyanate functional resin along with solvents, pigments, catalyst, and additives. The coating cures as the isocyanate resin reacts with ambient moisture after being applied to the substrate. Figure 1 (p. 20) describes the curing mechanism in more detail. When the coating is applied to the substrate, solvent begins to flash off and the coating absorbs some of the ambient moisture. The isocyanate (R-NCO) reacts with that moisture to form an amine (R-NH2) and release carbon dioxide gas. The isocyanate then reacts with the amine to form a polyurea crosslinked network. The use of an aliphatic MCU topcoat offers several advantages. For example, these types of coatings can cure at low temperatures, as long as ambient moisture is present. Also, MCUs are very surface tolerant and, because they are a one-component paint system, mixing errors between multiple components in the field are avoided.

A

MANUFACTURING PROCESSES When manufacturing an MCU coating, it is imperative that the water in the solvents and additives and on the pigments is removed from the mill base prior to the isocyanate being added. If this is not done correctly, the paint will begin to cure in the can, causing viscosity build or outgassing. March 2011

Four methods are typically used to make a stable MCU coating: • Conventional PTSI • Vacuum • IPDI • Low-functionality isocyanate drying The conventional PTSI method uses the highly reactive monomer PTSI (p-toluene sulfonyl isocyanate). This monomer reacts very quickly with free water in the mill base to form a nonreactive byproduct, p-toluene sulfonamide (PTSA), which is kept soluble in the liquid coating through correct solvent choice. The vacuum method uses heat and a vacuum to azeotrope up to 80% of the water from the mill base. The residual water is then removed using PTSI. This manufacturing method produces a higher quality paint when compared with the conventional PTSI method. PTSI is an expensive raw material; by removing a large portion of the water through the azeotrope step, a reduced amount of PTSI is required. The reduction in PTSI leads to considerable cost savings and creates less of the PTSA byproduct. PTSA is acidic and can cause issues with weathering and extended curing time. The IPDI method uses large amounts of isophorone diisocyanate to overwhelm and react with the free water in the mill base. This is typically done under heat to expedite the process. The % NCO of the mill base is measured over time. Once the % NCO content Adhesives & Sealants Industry

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HIGH-BUILD MCU COATING INNOVATION stabilizes, the mill base is considered to be free of water and the remaining free IPDI monomer is chain-terminated using an OH-functional material. The final method to make a stable MCU coating is to use a low-functionality polymeric isocyanate, typically one functional to react with the free water in the mill base. The greatest benefit to using this method is that it is a monomer-free process with fewer handling concerns.

A moisture-cured polyurethane system using raw materials from Bayer MaterialScience was used to coat more than 35,000 square feet of piping and valves inside the Hammond Water Filtration Plant.

CURRENT MCU MARKET STATUS In the mid 1990s, Bayer MaterialScience began manufacturing aliphatic prepolymers for the North American region specifically for aliphatic MCU topcoats. Several different prepolymers have been developed, which generally resulted in topcoat formulas that could be applied at thicknesses between 3-4 mils dry film thickness (DFT) before blistering resulted, as well as sag resistance of 4 mils. The current aliphatic MCU coatings in the market are applied at 2-4 mils DFT, and are typically used in the northeast and the northwest regions of the U.S., which experience cool and damp conditions. The North American MCU market has reached its full potential with the current technology due to technical limitations and application difficulties. MCU coatings that are applied beyond the manufacturer’s recommended film thickness have a strong tendency to run and blister, which results in the need for field repair and a generally poor perception of MCU topcoats. In order to advance the MCU technology and coating market, drastic improvements were required in coating performance. A more robust technology has been developed and is expected to renew interest in moisture-cure coatings across the various sectors of the light- and heavy-duty protective coating markets, and possibly open new markets within the construction sectors.

NEW HIGH-BUILD MCU RESIN After years of research, a new MCU resin has been developed that presents new opportunities for protecting structural steel in such corrosive environments as bridges, water and waste tanks, treatment plants, marine environments, chemical plants, and offshore oil and gas piping refineries, among others. This resin is an HDI/IPDI prepolymer (referred to as HB resin) that was specifically engineered for high-build MCU topcoats. The resin’s engineered 20

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Figure 1. Curing Mechanism for an MCU Coating

reactivity toward moisture makes it successful in formulating high-build MCU coatings. This controlled reactivity is one of the keys to making high-film build MCU coatings. Table 1 includes data from three different MCU resins, along with a current commercial MCU. All three resins were formulated into the same base MCU formula, with the only substitutions being the different resins. The film build to blister (FBTB), maximum DFT prior to blisters, is measured on both a horizontally and vertically cured panel. The HB resin is able to produce coatings that are much thicker than the previous technology resins, as well as the commercial control MCU. The gloss and can stability of the HB resin are both acceptable when compared with the commercial control MCU.

The only drawback to using the new HB resin is the extended dry time. Extending this dry time is one of the keys to promoting high film build. It can be accelerated through the use of more catalyst or blending in some of the fasterdrying MCU resins, at the cost of some film build.

FIRST FIELD TRIAL In September 2008, a field trial was conducted to test the next-generation aliphatic MCU topcoat. The highbuild topcoat was based on the HB resin previously discussed. A commercial control MCU topcoat (data in Table 1) was also sent to be tested alongside the high-build MCU topcoat. The paints were applied using a third-party contractor. March 2011

Table 1. Two Old Technology MCU Resins vs. New HB Resin (72°F/50% Humidity) FBTB1 (horizontal)

FBTB1 (vertical)

Gloss2 (60º)

Sag3

Initial Viscosity4

Viscosity4 (2 weeks at 50°C)

Gardner Hard Dry5 (at 6 mils DFT)

HDI prepolymer A

2.1 mils

2.1 mils

61

12 mils

89 KU

> 140 KU

16.5 hr

HDI prepolymer B

3.3 mils

2.3 mils

89

10 mils

80 KU

93 KU

18 hr

Resin

HB resin

8.0 mils

7.1 mils

85

12 mils

83 KU

100 KU

32 hr

HB resin (increased catalyst)

5.8 mils

5.0 mils

85

12 mils

82 KU

112 KU

24 hr

Commercial system

2.3 mils

2.1 mils

93

4 mils

70 KU

81 KU

9 hr

Table 2. Data from the Field Trial in September 2008 Total System DFT1

Blast Profile7

Primer DFT1

Commercial

3.2 mils

2.7 mils

High-build

6.2 mils

3.6 mils

MCU Topcoat

MCU DFT1

Dry Time

Sag8

2.2 mils

1 mil

~ 20 hours*

5 mils

1.2 mils

5 mils

~ 20 hours*

12 mils

* The dry time was noted upon return to the paint site the next day, which was ~ 20 hours after the application.

Table 3. Data from the Cool and Damp Field Trial in December 2009 MCU Topcoat Commercial High-build

Total System DFT1

Blast Profile7

Primer DFT1

MCU DFT1

Dry Time

Sag8

6 mils

0.6 mils

4 mils

2 mils

Overnight

5 mils

10.7 mils

1.1 mils

3.7 mils

7 mils

Overnight

12 mils

control MCU could only be applied up to 1 mil DFT prior to blistering. This represents a very significant improvement over the current MCU technology. The new high-build coatings can be applied at significantly thicker film builds, even in more severe environmental conditions where MCU topcoats are not currently being used. The severe weather conditions (97°F and 50% humidity) were a true test of the robustness of these two MCU technologies, as MCUs are typically applied in damp and cool environments.

SECOND FIELD TRIAL

Conditions inside the Hammond Water Filtration Plant caused pipes to sweat. Two different moisturecured urethane primers were specified because they could be applied even if the pipes were damp.

Older weathering steel beams were blasted to SSPC-SP6 (Commercial blast),6 which resulted in a blast profile of 2.73.6 mils.7 A commercial organic zinc-rich MCU primer was first used to prime the blasted beams. The following day, the two MCU topcoats were applied. The conditions at the time of the MCU application were 97°F and 50% humidity, with a 101°F metal temperature and March 2011

95°F paint temperature, which are very severe conditions for an MCU topcoat application. The face of each beam was sprayed at a gradient film thickness so the point at which the coatings were going to blister could be measured. Data from this trial is shown in Table 2. The high-build MCU topcoat was applied up to 5 mils DFT prior to blistering being noticed, while the commercial

In December 2009, a second field trial was conducted to retest the new highbuild MCU technology in a cooler climate. This trial tested the same high-build paint that was used in the hot and humid trial in 2008, along with the same control MCU paint system. The paints were again applied by a third-party contractor. Galvanized steel beams were brush-off blasted (SSPC-SP 7)9 to give a profile of ~ 1 mil. A commercial organic zinc-rich MCU primer was applied to the blasted beams at 4 mils above the blast profile. The following day, both of the MCU topcoats were applied over the primed beams. The conditions at the time of the MCU application were 55°F and 72% humidity, with a 54°F metal temperature and 59°F paint temperature. These are typical Adhesives & Sealants Industry

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HIGH-BUILD MCU COATING INNOVATION application conditions for an aliphatic MCU topcoat. The face of each beam was sprayed at a gradient film thickness, so the point at which the coatings were going to blister could be measured. Data from this trial is shown in Table 3 (p. 21). The high-build MCU topcoat was applied up to 7 mils DFT prior to blistering, while the commercial MCU could only be applied up to 2 mils DFT.

The significantly improved film build will make these coatings much easier to apply around tight angles and complex structures. Less blistering will lead to less claims and field repairs, and will greatly improve the market’s perception of aliphatic MCU topcoats.

SUMMARY High-build aliphatic MCU topcoats have been developed using a new engineered

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DESIGNERS AND MANUFACTURES OF INDUSTRIAL MIXING EQUIPMENT

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aliphatic prepolymer. Compared with current MCU technology, which produces topcoats from 2-4 mils DFT, this new highbuild MCU technology is able to produce aliphatic topcoats of 6-8 mils DFT (72°F and 50% humidity). The new high-build aliphatic MCU technology has been successfully field tested in two separate climates against a commercial control MCU topcoat. The high-build MCU topcoat could be applied at significantly higher film builds than the control prior to blistering and sagging. The severe weather conditions at the time of the hot and humid application in 2008 were a true test of the robustness of the new highbuild MCU technology. The improved performance of the high-build MCU in the hot and humid conditions will allow painters to use this technology in southern and coastal regions, where they never could before. In the more traditionally cool and damp MCU trial, the new high-build technology was able to be applied up to 7 mils DFT prior to blistering. Advances in MCU resin technology will significantly advance aliphatic moisture-cure coating technology in the maintenance coating market. With its improved film build, this robust technology is expected to renew the protective coating markets’ interest in moisture-cure coatings, and even create more opportunities in additional construction markets.

www.adhesivesmag.com

s r

r

TM

1. ASTM D 7091-05, “Standard Practice for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to Ferrous Metals and Nonmagnetic, Nonconductive Coatings Applied to Non-Ferrous Metals.” 2. ASTM D 523-08, “Standard Test Method for Specular Gloss.” 3. ASTM D 4400-99 (2007), “Standard Test Method for Sag Resistance of Paints Using a Multinotch Applicator.” 4. ASTM D 562-10, “Standard Test Method for Consistency of Paints Measuring Krebs Unit (KU) Viscosity Using a Stormer-Type Viscometer.” 5. ASTM D 5895, “Standard Test Method for Measuring Times of Drying or Curing During Film Formation of Organic Coatings Using Mechanical Recorders.” 6. SSPC-SP 6/NACE No. 3, “Commercial Blast Cleaning.” 7. ASTM D 4417-03, “Standard Test Methods for Field Measurement of Surface Profile of Blast Cleaned Steel.” 8. ASTM D 1212-91(2007), “Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Wet Film Thickness of Organic Coatings.” 9. SSPC-SP 7/NACE No. 4, “Brush-Off Blast Cleaning.”

March 2011

Parylene coatings can provide 100% protection for any device or component.

By Lonny Wolgemuth, Senior Market Specialist, Specialty Coating Systems

epending on the industry, applications exist for all types of conformal coating materials. However, one family of conformal coatings can do something that no other coating can: it can conformally encapsulate with 100% protection, regardless of the size or intricacy of the assembly, device or component (even at micron and submicron thickness levels). No bridging of openings, voids or pooling; just a uniform, microscopic coating that acts as a shield against almost anything that various environments can throw at it.

D

PROTECTION PLUS Parylene is the generic name for a series of polymeric organic coatings that are polycrystalline and linear in nature, have useful dielectric and barrier properties per unit thickness, and are chemically pure and inert. Parylene coatings are ultra-thin, pinhole-free and conform to components due to their molecular-level polymerization; these coatings basically “grow” onto the substrate surfaces one molecule at a time. Parylene coatings are applied via a vapor deposition polymerization (VDP) process rather than a dispensing, spray, brush or dip process (see Figure 1, p. 24). The parts to be coated are first placed in the deposition chamber. The powdered raw material, known as “dimer,” is placed in the vaporizer at the opposite end of the deposition system. The dimer is heated until it is sublimated directly to a vapor, and March 2011

then it is heated again in order to break the dimeric vapor into a monomeric vapor. This very active monomeric vapor then moves into the ambient-temperature deposition chamber, where it spontaneously polymerizes onto all surfaces and forms the thin parylene film. The parylene process is carried out in a closed system under a controlled vacuum. The deposition chamber remains at room temperature throughout the process. No solvents, catalysts or plasticizers are used in the coating process, so the resultant parylene coating is also devoid of these contaminants. Because the VDP process does not include a liquid phase, the meniscus, pooling or bridging effects that often result from the application of liquid coatings are avoided and dielectric properties are not compromised. The molecular “growth” of parylene coatings not only ensures a uniform conformal coating at the thickness specified by the manufacturer, but it also penetrates into minute crevices because parylene is formed from a gas. This process ensures complete encapsulation of the substrate without the blocking of small openings. Parylene coatings are extremely lightweight and offer excellent barrier properties without adding significant dimension or mass to delicate components. Parylene is typically applied in thicknesses ranging from 500 angstroms to 75 microns. A 25-micron coating, for example, will have a dielectric capability well in excess of 5,000 volts. Adhesives & Sealants Industry

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CONFORMAL COATINGS

Ask the Expert Figure 1. Vapor Deposition Polymerization Process

Jim Reader Lead Research Chemist

Q

How can I control foam in my adhesive applications without getting craters?

A

Foam and craters are often two sides of the same coin, as craters are often created by the defoamers used to control the foam. Most defoamers contain insoluble and incompatible carrier fluids in order to break the foam lamellae, but these materials are also low surface energy materials that can cause localized de-wetting in the drying film. This is especially problematic on substrates like plastic, foils and silicone release liners. However, no two problems or formulations are the same, so Air Products offers a range of defoamers to help formulators find an optimum defoamer for their adhesive. This range includes conventional oil-based defoamers, such as Surfy¯nol® DF-75 defoamer, that provide strong defoaming performance, as well as novel molecular defoamers, like Surfy¯nol MD-20 and EnviroGem® AD01 defoamers, that can reduce microfoam and haze without causing surface defects.

A few additional benefits of parylene coatings include the following: • UV Re s is ta nc e . Unlike other conformal coating formulations, parylene coatings such as Parylene HT® provide excellent barrier protection without degradation in the presence of ultraviolet (UV) light. • High Temperature Resistance. Parylene HT can consistently withstand 350°C operating temperatures and short-term exposures to 450°C. • Dielectric Constant and Dissipation Factor. Parylene has an extremely low dielectric constant and dissipation factor, allowing it to provide small, tight packages with dielectric insulation via a thin coating. It has been demonstrated that the voltage breakdown per unit thickness increases with decreasing parylene film thickness.

INDUSTRIES AND APPLICATIONS

tell me more www.airproducts.com/ surfactants © Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., 2010 (32251) E34

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Parylenes are suitable for a range of applications. The electronics industry is moving toward miniaturization with high-deliverycapacity, multi-tasking products. These products are continually demanding additional application capabilities in smaller packages. Parylene coatings provide excellent moisture, chemical and dielectric bar-

rier protection to a variety of electronic components. It penetrates into even the smallest profiles and crevices of electronic packages for complete encapsulation. Ultra-thin parylenes protect components such as circuit boards, sensors, MEMS, multi-layer packages, and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) used in a variety of applications, including hydrocarbon drilling, utility meters, audio systems, industrial monitoring systems, agricultural equipment, and high-voltage electrical connectors. Specialty Coating Systems’ (SCS) parylenes are RoHS compliant and have been shown to mitigate metallic whisker growth. LEDs incorporate miniaturized solidstate technologies that are energy efficient and environmentally safe. Today’s LED technology can be found in a range of applications—from large video displays, outdoor illumination and transportation signage to the latest technology in smart cell phone displays. Conformal coatings such as silicones, acrylics, urethanes and potting compounds are often not uniform in their application and thus may have voids. Such voids (coating discontinuities) provide pathways for moisture to get to the underlying circuitry and cause LED performance failures. These failures can be expensive, especially in the March 2011

Paralyne-coated (top) and non-coated (bottom) boards after testing in a salt-fog environment.

large number of LED boards used in immense digital displays and video signage. In addition, the weight/mass of many standard coatings is a drawback that can induce stresses in delicate components. Parylene coatings are extremely lightweight, offering excellent barrier properties without adding significant dimension or mass to delicate components. Parylene HT coatings are also optically clear and UV stable. Parylene conformal coatings are both biocompatible and biostable, offering the ability to provide excellent moisture, chemical, and dielectric protection (in addition to dry-film lubricity) to a host of medical devices and components. Some of these devices include stents, pacemakers, needles, catheters, electrosurgical tools, cochlear and ocular implants, elastomeric components, and the latest in ingestible devices such as micro-cameras. SCS maintains Device and Drug Master Files with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. These files, which include the results of ISO biological evaluations on SCS Parylenes, are available for reference by commercial coating service customers. Vehicle management systems for emissions, lighting, fluid monitoring, power train and fuel systems increasingly comprise high-tech electronic control systems that often come in highly miniaturized, multi-layer packages. These devices and materials must be able to survive hostile automotive environments that include high temperatures, corrosive fluids and vapors, and prolonged UV exposure. For nearly 40 years, parylene has protected automotive components such as circuit boards, sensors, MEMS, LEDs and gaskets, to name a few. Parylene HT offers increased UV and thermal stability (350°C long-term) for components that must survive these harsh automotive environments. Parylene is a MIL-SPEC-approved conformal coating that has been in use for over 40 years in military and aerospace applications. Parylene N, C and HT are listed on the QPL for MIL-I-46058 and are also recognized as meeting the requirements of IPC-CC-830. The vacuum deposition process eliminates the potential for trapped air pockets within or under the parylene coating. Such air pockets can rupture when exposed to high altitude, creating mechanisms for circuit failures. Parylene has been used to protect various military components in a variety of applications, including aircraft control systems, radar systems, armament control systems, and engine control and monitoring systems. Parylene conformal coatings have protected devices and components used in commercial aircraft and space applications for a number of years, covering virtually everything from wiring and cabling assemblies and camera components to power supplies for March 2011

various internal vehicle systems. As previously mentioned, parylene coatings also provide excellent moisture and dielectric barrier protection for electronic components, such as circuit card assemblies, PCBs for control systems, and components used in various support or controls systems—all of which need to withstand the atmospheric, thermal, and pressure changes of space flight. In addition to protecting components from the moisture condensation that occurs with the rapid thermal and humidity shifts, parylene also restricts outgassing, does not outgas itself, and protects components from potentially high levels of vibration. Parylene actually strengthens delicate wire bonds and connections by 10x to facilitate continued connection reliability. Parylenes do not exhibit changes in mechanical properties with changes in temperature as do many other materials. In oxygenfree atmospheres or in the vacuum of space, the continuous service temperature projections exceed 200°C for Parylenes N and C. Parylene HT has the ability to resist thermal oxidation up to 350°C (long-term) in both oxygen and oxygen-free atmospheres.

RELIABLE PROTECTION While there is a place for many varieties of conformal coatings, not all systems, devices or components need the special benefits provided by parylene. However, when the best protection is required and components must have a long, reliable life, one of the parylene formulations will often be the answer. For more information, contact the author at Specialty Coating Systems, 7645 Woodland Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46278; phone (317) 244-1200; e-mail [email protected]; or visit www.scscoatings.com.

Series 540 Sealant Tester Computer Controlled Test Frame

• Designed to perform reliable cyclic testing of sealants, adhesives, and coating to various specifications. • Ask about the optional heat/cool chamber with control system! • PC with Windows ™ based software.

screen shot of software

Applied Testing Systems, Inc. has been supplying quality test equipment for the industry for more than 40 years. Call one of our sales engineers today to set up your custom model or to request a catalog.

(724) 283-1212 www.atspa.com [email protected]

Series 510 and 520 horizontal sealant testers also available! Adhesives & Sealants Industry

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FOCUS ON

ARKEMA TO ACQUIRE TOTAL’S PHOTOCURE AND COATINGS RESINS Acquisition would establish Arkema as a leader in the global coatings resins market.

rkema has announced plans to acquire the Coatings Resins (Cray Valley and Cook Composite Polymers) and Photocure Resins (Sartomer) businesses of Total’s Specialty Chemicals activities for a @550 million (~ $767 million) enterprise value. In line with its strategy to bolster its specialty product activities, the project would establish Arkema as a leader in the global coatings resins market. In addition, it would further increase the

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downstream integration of its acrylics chain while offering the potential for growth and synergies. Businesses involved in the transaction include the coatings resins (paint, adhesives, etc.) of Cray Valley, which operates in Europe, Asia and South Africa; U.S.-based Cook Composite Polymers; and the photocure resins of Sartomer, which operates in Europe, the U.S. and Asia. With growing sales of approximately @850 million (~ $1,186 million)

and almost 1,750 employees on some 20 sites around the world, these activities would enhance Arkema’s current position on markets such as emulsions, rheology additives, fluorinated polymers and copolymers. It’s expected that the wider product range will enable Arkema to serve its customers throughout the world as one of the world’s leading material suppliers to the coatings market. By acquiring Sartomer, Arkema would become the world’s co-leader in the photocure resins market. As high value-added technical products in the downstream acrylics sector, these resins offer a significant growth potential in a range of markets, including graphic arts, optics, and electronics. The combination of activities and technologies would speed up growth through major technical and commercial synergies. In particular, this project would provide Arkema with new growth drivers in Asia. Arkema would be able to draw on Cray Valley’s facilities in the region and on the strong potential of Sartomer’s newly opened plant near Canton, China. With dedicated R&D centers in Europe and the U.S., Arkema would benefit from best-in-class innovation resources that would secure its competitive edge, in particular to develop new environmentally friendly formulations. At the same time, the proposed acquisition would bolster Arkema’s downstream acrylics activities as a logical follow-up to the acquisition of Coatex in 2007 and to the acquisition of the emulsions purchased from Dow in North America at the beginning of 2010. The acrylic downstream integration would reach 40%. This acquisition would be part of the acquisition program representing some @1 billion (~ $1.3 billion) of sales recently presented by the group. The project is subject to the mandatory information and consultation process involving personnel representatives from both the Arkema and the Total groups, as well as the approval of the antitrust authorities in the countries concerned. The deal is expected to close in the first half of this year. For additional details, visit www.arkema.com or www. total.com.

March 2011

ASI 2011 RAW MATERIALS, CHEMICALS, POLYMERS AND ADDITIVES HANDBOOK This issue features ASI’s 10th annual Raw Materials, Chemicals, Polymers and Additives Handbook, a purchasing and applications resource that defines materials used to manufacture adhesives and sealants, and indexes suppliers of those materials. The listings are divided into five major categories: Additives and Chemical Specialties; Oils and Fatty Acids; Resins and Base Polymers; Pigments and Dyes, Dry/Dispersions and Extenders; and Solvents. Each category has several subcategories. The directory is set up with a definition of each material followed by the names of suppliers who furnish the material. Products are listed alphabetically under each major category. To use the handbook, refer to the index on this page ADDITIVES AND CHEMICAL SPECIALTIES ACCELERATING AND VULCANIZING AGENTS DITHIOCARBAMATES ..................................................... 28 THIAZOLES .................................................................... 28 THIURAM SULFIDES ..................................................... 28 ADHESION PROMOTERS .................................................. 28 ALPHA METHYL-STYRENE POLYMERS........................... 28 PENTAERYTHRITOL ESTERS .......................................... 28 SILANE ......................................................................... 30 SILICONE ....................................................................... 30 ANTI-FOAMING AGENTS .................................................. 30 NON-SILICONE .............................................................. 30 SILICONE ....................................................................... 30 ANTIOXIDANTS................................................................. 30 PHENOLIC...................................................................... 30 PHOSPHITE.................................................................... 30 CATALYSTS ....................................................................... 30 COLLOIDAL STABILIZERS ................................................ 30 CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE ..................................... 30 CASEIN .......................................................................... 32 POLYVINYL ALCOHOL ..................................................... 32 CORROSION INHIBITORS ................................................. 32 CROSSLINKING AND CURING AGENTS ............................ 32 DIPHENYLMETHANE DIISOCYANATE (MDI)..................... 32 EPOXY CURING AGENTS ................................................ 32 POLYOLS........................................................................ 32 TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE (TDI) ....................................... 33 DEFOAMERS .................................................................... 33 STEARIC ACID ................................................................ 33 DRIERS ............................................................................. 33 DRYING SALTS ............................................................... 33 ELASTOMERS .................................................................. 34 EXTENDERS AND FILLERS............................................... 34 ASPHALTS ..................................................................... 35 CALCIUM CARBONATE ................................................... 35 KAOLIN AND OTHER CLAYS ........................................... 35 MICA ............................................................................. 35 MICROSPHERES ............................................................ 36 ROSIN DERIVATIVES ...................................................... 36 SILICA............................................................................ 36 TERPENE RESINS .......................................................... 36 FLAME AND SMOKE RETARDANTS ................................. 36 HUMECTANTS................................................................... 36 SORBITOL ...................................................................... 36 LIQUEFIERS ...................................................................... 36 DICYANDIAMIDE ............................................................ 36 THIOUREA ..................................................................... 36 MOISTURE SCAVENGERS ................................................ 36 P-TOLUENESULFONYL ISOCYANATE (PTSI) .................... 38 MONOMERS ..................................................................... 38 PLASTICIZERS.................................................................. 38 AZELAIC ACID ................................................................ 38 BENZOATES ................................................................... 38 CASTOR OIL (POLYMERIZED/OXIDIZED) ......................... 38 CITRIC ACID ESTERS ..................................................... 38 DIETHYLENE GLYCOL DIBENZOATE ................................ 39 DIPROPYLENE GLYCOL DIBENZOATE ............................. 39 PHOSPHATES ............................................................... 39 SEBACATES ................................................................... 39 PRESERVATIVES .............................................................. 40 BENZOIC ACID ............................................................... 40

March 2011

to find the products you need and then look up those products and definitions on the page indicated. In addition, CAS Registry Numbers have been added to the appropriate listings, and a table of all the numbers can be found on p. 61. While our staff made every effort to contact the entire population of materials suppliers to our industry, we may have inadvertently excluded some. If you are a materials supplier and would like to receive information on purchasing listings in next year’s Raw Materials, Chemicals, Polymers and Additives Handbook, please contact Peg Van Winkle at (614) 7604222, or e-mail [email protected].

BIOCIDES....................................................................... 40 FUNGICIDES .................................................................. 40 PHENOLS....................................................................... 40 SODIUM BENZOATE ....................................................... 40 SODIUM FLUORIDES ..................................................... 40 PRESSURE-SENSITIVE SUBSTRATES.............................. 40 RELEASE LINERS, SILICONE COATED............................. 42 TAPE .............................................................................. 42 RHEOLOGY MODIFIERS.................................................... 42 SOAPS, SODIUM AND POTASSIUM ................................. 42 SOFTENERS AND ANTI-BLOCKING AGENTS .................... 44 HYDROGENATED CASTOR OIL ........................................ 44 STEARIC ACID ................................................................ 44 STABILIZERS .................................................................... 44 WATER-REMOVING ........................................................ 44 SURFACTANTS AND DISPERSING AGENTS ..................... 44 DETERGENTS................................................................. 44 DISPERSING AGENTS .................................................... 45 WETTING AGENTS ......................................................... 45 SYNTACTIC CORE ............................................................. 45 TACKIFIERS ...................................................................... 45 THICKENING AGENTS ....................................................... 46 CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE ...................................... 46 POLYVINYL ALCOHOLS................................................... 46 SODIUM, POTASSIUM AND AMMONIUM ALGINATES ........................................... 46 SODIUM, POTASSIUM AND AMMONIUM POLYACRYLATES ................................... 46 THIXOTROPES .................................................................. 48 WETTING AGENTS ............................................................ 48 WATER REPELLENTS ....................................................... 48 WATER-TREATMENT CHEMICALS ................................... 48 WAX, SYNTHETIC ............................................................. 48 WAXES ............................................................................. 48 OILS AND FATTY ACIDS FATTY ACIDS .................................................................... 48 MINERAL OIL.................................................................... 48 RESINS AND BASE POLYMERS ACRYLIC RESINS.............................................................. 49 POLYMER EMULSION ..................................................... 49 WATER-REDUCIBLE ....................................................... 49 ALKYD RESINS................................................................. 50 ALKYD POLYESTER ........................................................ 50 BUTYL RUBBER ................................................................ 50 DISPERSIONS ................................................................... 50 EPOXY FLEXIBILIZERS/DILUENTS ................................... 50 EPOXY HARDENERS ........................................................ 50 EPOXY RESINS ................................................................. 51 ESTER .......................................................................... 51 LIQUID/SOLUTION .......................................................... 51 ETHYLENE-PROPYLENE RUBBER.................................... 51 HYDROCARBON RESINS .................................................. 51 ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBON RESINS ............................... 52 HYDROGENATED HYDROCARBON RESINS ..................... 52 PURE MONOMER RESINS .............................................. 52 TERPENE ....................................................................... 52 ISOCYANATE RESINS ....................................................... 52 LATEX RESINS.................................................................. 52 MALEIC RESINS ............................................................... 52

MELAMINE AND MELAMINE-TYPE RESINS.................... 52 NATURAL LATEX .............................................................. 52 NATURAL RUBBER .......................................................... 52 POLYAMIDE RESINS ........................................................ 53 POLYAMINO CO-REACTANT ............................................. 53 POLYBUTADIENES ........................................................... 53 POLYBUTENES .................................................................. 53 POLYCHLOROPRENE ........................................................ 53 POLYESTER RESINS ......................................................... 53 POLYETHYLENE/EVA COPOLYMERS ................................ 54 POLYISOBUTYLENE .......................................................... 54 POLYMERS ....................................................................... 54 POLYOLEFINS ................................................................... 54 POLYETHYLENE ............................................................ 56 POLYOLS ........................................................................... 56 PROTEIN-BASED .............................................................. 56 CASEIN .......................................................................... 56 RESIN INTERMEDIATES ................................................... 56 TRIMELLITIC ANHYDRIDE .............................................. 56 ROSIN ESTERS ................................................................ 56 SILICONE RESINS............................................................. 56 STYRENE RESINS............................................................. 56 STYRENE BUTADIENE RUBBER ...................................... 56 THERMOPLASTIC RESINS................................................ 56 THERMOSETTING RESINS................................................ 57 URETHANE RESINS .......................................................... 57 WATERBORNE ............................................................... 57 UV-CURING RESINS ......................................................... 57 VINYL RESINS ................................................................. 57 POLYVINYL ACETATE ..................................................... 57 POLYVINYL ALCOHOL .................................................... 57 VINYL ACETATE ETHYLENE EMULSIONS ........................ 57 VINYL ACETATE POLYMER EMULSIONS.......................... 58 PIGMENTS AND DYES, DRY/DISPERSIONS AND EXTENDERS EXTENDER PIGMENTS ..................................................... 58 ALUMINA TRIHYDRATE .................................................. 58 ALUMINUM SILICATE ..................................................... 58 CALCIUM CARBONATE (NATURAL GROUND) .................. 58 CARBON BLACK ............................................................ 58 CHINA CLAY ................................................................... 58 MICA ............................................................................. 58 SILICA, QUARTZ AND DIATOMACEOUS ........................... 59 TALC .............................................................................. 59 TITANIUM DIOXIDE ........................................................ 59 INORGANIC PIGMENT DISPERSIONS .............................. 60 INORGANIC PIGMENTS ................................................... 60 LITHOPONES .................................................................... 60 ORGANIC PIGMENT DISPERSIONS .................................. 60 ORGANIC PIGMENTS........................................................ 60 PIGMENT DISPERSIONS .................................................. 60 TITANIUM DIOXIDE ........................................................... 61 ZINC OXIDE ...................................................................... 61 SOLVENTS ETHYL ETHER ................................................................... 61 N-METHYL-2-PYRROLIDONE........................................... 61 NITROMETHANE .............................................................. 61 NITROPARAFFINS ............................................................ 61 PERCHLOROETHYLENE .................................................... 61

Adhesives & Sealants Industry

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ASI 2011

RAW MATERIALS, CHEMICALS, POLYMERS AND ADDITIVES HANDBOOK ACCELERATING AND VULCANIZING AGENTS — PENTAERYTHRITOL ESTERS

ADDITIVES AND CHEMICAL SPECIALTIES ACCELERATING AND VULCANIZING AGENTS Vulcanizing agents are used to crosslink rubber compounds. The most commonly used material is elemental sulfur, although peroxides are used with some elastomer types. Accelerators are used to speed up the vulcanization process and improve the properties of the vulcanized material — many different types are available depending on the specific elastomer and vulcanizing agents, including amine-aldehydes, thiazoles, guanidines, sulfenamides, dithiocarbamates and xanthates. CENTROTRADE RUBBER USA INC. 1317 Executive Blvd., Ste. 120 Chesapeake, VA 23320 (757) 518-2300; (800) 520-7669 Fax: (757) 518-2305 Email: [email protected] Website: www.centrotrade.net HARWICK STANDARD DISTRIBUTION CORPORATION 60 S. Seiberling St., P.O. Box 9360 Akron, OH 44305 (330) 798-9300; (800) 899-4412 Fax: (330) 784-4515 Email: [email protected] Website: www.harwickstandard.com ROYAL ADHESIVES & SEALANTS LLC, POLYMERS AND SPECIALTY COATINGS 863 S.E. Main St. Simpsonville, SC 29681 (800) 763-7272 Fax: (800) 825-4583 Email: [email protected]

DITHIOCARBAMATES A chemical used as an accelerating and vulcanizing agent. CENTROTRADE RUBBER USA INC. 1317 Executive Blvd., Ste. 120 Chesapeake, VA 23320 (757) 518-2300; (800) 520-7669 Fax: (757) 518-2305 Email: [email protected] Website: www.centrotrade.net

TECHNICAL INDUSTRIES INC. P.O. Box 65, 217 Church St. Peace Dale, RI 02883-0065 (401) 783-5887 Fax: (401) 789-2270 Email: [email protected] Website: www.tidispersion.com

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WEGO CHEMICAL & MINERAL CORP. 239 Great Neck Rd. Great Neck, NY 11021 (516) 487-3510 Fax: (516) 487-3794 Email: [email protected] Website: www.wegochem.com

THIAZOLES CAS REGISTRY NUMBER: 288-47-1 Thiazoles are additives used as accelerating and vulcanizing agents. CENTROTRADE RUBBER USA INC. 1317 Executive Blvd., Ste. 120 Chesapeake, VA 23320 (757) 518-2300; (800) 520-7669 Fax: (757) 518-2305 Email: [email protected] Website: www.centrotrade.net EMERALD PERFORMANCE MATERIALS, POLYMER ADDITIVES DIV. 240 W. Emerling Ave. Akron, OH 44301 (330) 374-2418; (888) 889-9150 Email: [email protected] Website: www.emeraldmaterials.com

reason because they help activate many surface materials and make them more responsive. Additionally, acid esters are often used because they provide a proton or neutron that can be linked on the surface. Although adhesion promoters are used across a wide range of adhesives applications, they are most often found in laminating adhesives. BAYER MATERIALSCIENCE LLC, COATINGS, ADHESIVES AND SPECIALTIES 100 Bayer Rd. Pittsburgh, PA 15205 (412) 777-3983 Email: [email protected] Website: www.bayermaterialsciencenafta.com CHARTWELL INTERNATIONAL INC. 100 John Dietsch Blvd. Attleboro Falls, MA 02763 (508) 695-1690 Fax: (508) 699-6693 Email: [email protected] Website: www.chartwellintl.com

THIURAM SULFIDES CAS REGISTRY NUMBER: 97-77-8 Chemical used to accelerate and vulcanize. CENTROTRADE RUBBER USA INC. 1317 Executive Blvd., Ste. 120 Chesapeake, VA 23320 (757) 518-2300; (800) 520-7669 Fax: (757) 518-2305 Email: [email protected] Website: www.centrotrade.net EMERALD PERFORMANCE MATERIALS, POLYMER ADDITIVES DIV. 240 W. Emerling Ave. Akron, OH 44301 (330) 374-2418; (888) 889-9150 Email: [email protected] Website: www.emeraldmaterials.com

ADHESION PROMOTERS CAS REGISTRY NUMBER: 61789-51-3 Adhesion promoters are usually acid-modified or hydroxyl monomers. Their dual functionality helps formulators increase adhesion and lower viscosity. Depending on the application, polyester oligomers and specialty resins may also function as adhesion promoters. Adhesion promoters crosslink on the surface, which may be glass, plastic or another substrate. The surface material plays a critical role in product selection because different materials require specific adhesion promoters in order to achieve optimal results. The adhesion promoter’s reactive sites must be adaptable to reacting with the surface material. Dual-functionality monomers are often used as adhesion promoters for this

www.adhesivesmag.com/materialshandbook

GELEST INC. 11 E. Steel Rd. Morrisville, PA 19067 (215) 547-1015 Fax: (215) 547-2484 Email: [email protected] Website: www.gelest.com

ALPHA METHYLSTYRENE POLYMERS Alpha methylstyrene (AMS) is defined as a chemical intermediate that is used in the synthesis of specialty polymers and copolymers. D. B. BECKER CO. INC. 46 Leigh St. Clinton, NJ 08809-1267 (908) 730-6010 Fax: (908) 730-9118 Email: [email protected] Website: www.dbbecker.com

PENTAERYTHRITOL ESTERS An unsaturated rosin ester devised from pine tree rosin.

LAWTER INC. (PREVIOUSLY HEXION SPECIALTY CHEMICALS) 99 E. Cottage Ave. Carpentersville, IL 60110 (847) 340-2872 Email: [email protected] Website: www.lawter.com

March 2011

2011 SPRING CONVENTION & EXPO APRIL 17-19 | TAMPA MARRIOTT WATERSIDE HOTEL & MARINA | TAMPA, FLORIDA

Featuring These Dynamic Keynote Speakers:

DR. KEN MAYLAND President, ClearView Economics, LLC As the recovery approaches its second birthday (June 2011), economic growth can at best be described as tepid. What headwinds have slowed the bounce back of business, and will they lighten up in the future, allowing for a more vigorous expansion? Will last year’s new stimulus package be offset and negated by spending cuts? How will all this shake out for production (by industry), pricing and foreign trade? All good questions— but you must attend to hear the answers!

MAURY ZIMRING Manager, Corporate Responsibility and Sustainability, Coca-Cola Refreshments Coca-Cola has been a leader in the environmental sustainability space, focusing on carbon reductions, water stewardship and sustainable packaging. The program will review the environmental sustainability agenda Coca-Cola has been pursuing in North America. It will highlight the work to-date, case studies of new technologies and processes and plans for the future.

DR. DAVID CROWE Chief Economist, National Association of Home Builders Hear what NAHB’s chief economist and forecaster thinks about the outlook for the housing industry, one of the largest market segments ASC members sell into. This session will drill down into this critical sector and complement the macroeconomic overview presented in Monday’s keynote session.

TIMELY EDUCATIONAL SESSIONS WILL ADDRESS THESE KEY INDUSTRY TOPICS: ƌɄ 2Ʉ / -$'.ɄƎɄ -& /Ʉ "( )/. ƌɄ
1) ( )/.Ʉ$)Ʉ*-(0'/$*)Ʉ ƌɄɄ -).+*-//$*)

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THE PRELIMINARY PROGRAM IS AVAILABLE ONLINE NOW! VISIT WWW.ASCOUNCIL.ORG TO VIEW AND REGISTER.

Another signature industry event brought to you by:

ASI 2011

RAW MATERIALS, CHEMICALS, POLYMERS AND ADDITIVES HANDBOOK SILANE — CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE SILANE CAS REGISTRY NUMBER: 7803-62-5 When added to adhesives, silanes can provide improvement in adhesion by reducing moisture attack at the interface. This results in improved moisture, temperature and chemicals resistance. EMERALD PERFORMANCE MATERIALS, HILTON DAVIS-SPECIALTIES GROUP 2235 Langdon Farm Rd. Cincinnati, OH 45287 (513) 841-4000; (800) 477-1022 Email: [email protected] Website: www.emeraldmaterials.com

SILICONE Silicone antifoams are typically formulations of dimethylpolysiloxane fluids and silica. They are chemically inert and insoluble in most foaming systems. This enables them to retain their activity over a long period of time. D. B. BECKER CO. INC. 46 Leigh St. Clinton, NJ 08809-1267 (908) 730-6010 Fax: (908) 730-9118 Email: [email protected] Website: www.dbbecker.com EMERALD PERFORMANCE MATERIALS, HILTON DAVIS-SPECIALTIES GROUP 2235 Langdon Farm Rd. Cincinnati, OH 45287 (513) 841-4000; (800) 477-1022 Email: [email protected] Website: www.emeraldmaterials.com

ANTI-FOAMING AGENTS Anti-foams are used in water-based systems to minimize the generation of foam, particularly during high-shear mixing operations. Antifoams are usually immiscible with water, and very small amounts are usually very effective. Defoamers are additives that, when added to a liquid, break foam. NON-SILICONE These are materials for applications where silicone is deemed undesirable. They are typically based on polyalkylene/polyethylene glycols and refined hydrocarbon oils. EMERALD PERFORMANCE MATERIALS, HILTON DAVIS-SPECIALTIES GROUP 2235 Langdon Farm Rd. Cincinnati, OH 45287 (513) 841-4000; (800) 477-1022 Email: [email protected] Website: www.emeraldmaterials.com

SILICONE Most antifoams are based on simple hydrocarbons or silicone fluids. The latter often function most effectively in parts-per-million concentrations. See also Anti-Foaming Agents.

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EMERALD PERFORMANCE MATERIALS, HILTON DAVIS-SPECIALTIES GROUP 2235 Langdon Farm Rd. Cincinnati, OH 45287 (513) 841-4000; (800) 477-1022 Email: [email protected] Website: www.emeraldmaterials.com

ANTIOXIDANTS Antioxidants are compounds that inhibit chemical reactions with oxygen. Oxidation reactions may involve highly reactive molecules called free radicals. Free radicals are molecules that have lost an electron and try to replace it by reacting with other molecules. This causes the substance to break down. Metals often catalyze reactions with oxygen. Antioxidants inhibit these changes by reacting with the free radicals before they can react with oxygen (free radical scavenging) or by reacting with the metals.

TECHNICAL INDUSTRIES INC. P.O. Box 65, 217 Church St. Peace Dale, RI 02883-0065 (401) 783-5887 Fax: (401) 789-2270 Email: [email protected] Website: www.tidispersion.com WEGO CHEMICAL & MINERAL CORP. 239 Great Neck Rd. Great Neck, NY 11021 (516) 487-3510 Fax: (516) 487-3794 Email: [email protected] Website: www.wegochem.com

PHENOLIC Many antioxidants are phenolic compounds. Phenolic antioxidants are excellent hydrogen donors and are widely used to stabilize polymers. See also Antioxidants. EMERALD PERFORMANCE MATERIALS, POLYMER ADDITIVES DIV. 240 W. Emerling Ave. Akron, OH 44301 (330) 374-2418; (888) 889-9150 Email: [email protected] Website: www.emeraldmaterials.com WEGO CHEMICAL & MINERAL CORP. 239 Great Neck Rd. Great Neck, NY 11021 (516) 487-3510 Fax: (516) 487-3794 Email: [email protected] Website: www.wegochem.com

PHOSPHITE Phosphite antioxidants are high-performance solid antioxidants. They offer processing stability, color stability and protection properties for thermoplastic polymers

www.adhesivesmag.com/materialshandbook

(polypropylene, high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, polycarbonate, etc.). They produce excellent effects when used with phenolic antioxidants and contribute significantly in achieving color stability during compounding. See also Antioxidants. WEGO CHEMICAL & MINERAL CORP. 239 Great Neck Rd. Great Neck, NY 11021 (516) 487-3510 Fax: (516) 487-3794 Email: [email protected] Website: www.wegochem.com

CATALYSTS Catalysts, preferably called “initiators” in the adhesives and sealants industry, are used to cure or crosslink monomers and polymers. Typical types include organic peroxides and hydroperoxides, sulfur compounds used in rubber vulcanization, and UV initiators used in adhesives and coatings. D. B. BECKER CO. INC. 46 Leigh St. Clinton, NJ 08809-1267 (908) 730-6010 Fax: (908) 730-9118 Email: [email protected] Website: www.dbbecker.com EMERALD PERFORMANCE MATERIALS, CVC THERMOSET SPECIALTIES 844 N. Lenola Rd. Moorestown, NJ 08057 (856) 533-3000; (800) 296-0040 Email: [email protected] Website: www.emeraldmaterials.com

REAXIS INC. 941 Robinson Hwy. McDonald, PA 15057 (724) 796-3100 Fax: (724) 796-3160 Email: [email protected] Website: www.reaxis.com

COLLOIDAL STABILIZERS The adsorption of homopolymers and block copolymers at solid-liquid interfaces is crucial for controlling the colloidal stability and, hence, the rheology of concentrated suspensions used in many applications, including adhesives, ceramics for electronic and structural purposes, paint, pharmaceutical products, and paper coatings. Block copolymers that form self-assembled brush layers have proven to be particularly effective colloidal stabilizers. CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE CAS REGISTRY NUMBER: 9000-11-7 An acid derivative of cellulose whose sodium March 2011

CREATING TOMORROW’S SOLUTIONS

YOU KNOW US. YOU JUST DIDN’T KNOW IT.

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ASI 2011

RAW MATERIALS, CHEMICALS, POLYMERS AND ADDITIVES HANDBOOK CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE — DRYING SALTS salt is used in manufacturing as a stabilizing and emulsifying agent. WEGO CHEMICAL & MINERAL CORP. 239 Great Neck Rd. Great Neck, NY 11021 (516) 487-3510 Fax: (516) 487-3794 Email: [email protected] Website: www.wegochem.com

CASEIN CAS REGISTRY NUMBER: 9000-71-9 Casein is obtained from milk by precipitation induced by acids such as lactic acid. Milkbased adhesives are called casein-based adhesives. See also Protein-Based Resins. WEGO CHEMICAL & MINERAL CORP. 239 Great Neck Rd. Great Neck, NY 11021 (516) 487-3510 Fax: (516) 487-3794 Email: [email protected] Website: www.wegochem.com

POLYVINYL ALCOHOL CAS REGISTRY NUMBER: 9002-89-5 Polyvinyl alcohols are used as very important additives or modifiers in polyvinyl acetate emulsion-based adhesives, or as the major component in solid fiber laminating and spiral-tube winding adhesives. Polyvinyl alcohol adheres particularly well to cellulosic substrates such as paper and wood. Adding it to a polyvinyl acetate emulsion will increase the efficiency as well as the tensile strength of the resulting adhesive. See also Colloidal Stabilizers.

WEGO CHEMICAL & MINERAL CORP. 239 Great Neck Rd. Great Neck, NY 11021 (516) 487-3510 Fax: (516) 487-3794 Email: [email protected] Website: www.wegochem.com

CORROSION INHIBITORS A corrosion inhibitor is a material that provides physical protection against corrosive attack or reduces the open-circuit potential difference between local anodes and cathodes. Examples of corrosion inhibitors include hexamine, phenylenediamine, dimethylethanolamine, sodium nitrite, and others.

LANXESS CORP. 111 RIDC Park West Dr. Pittsburgh, PA 15275 (412) 809-1000; (800) LANXESS Email: [email protected] Website: www.mpp.us.lanxess.com

CROSSLINKING AND CURING AGENTS Crosslinking improves three basic properties of the adhesive: it provides a higher temperature resistance, it provides improved shear resistance and it increases solvent resistance. All of these stem from the same cause — reduction of mobility of the polymer. An added benefit to crosslinking, which is not readily apparent, is that the product is less prone to oxidation, which increases working life. The degree of crosslinking can be manipulated by the quantity of crosslinking agent used. A crosslinked polymer is often referred to as “having been cured.”2 BAYER MATERIALSCIENCE LLC, COATINGS, ADHESIVES AND SPECIALTIES 100 Bayer Rd. Pittsburgh, PA 15205 (412) 777-3983 Email: [email protected] Website: www.bayermaterialsciencenafta.com RAHN USA CORPORATION 1005 N. Commons Dr. Aurora, IL 60504 (630) 851-4220 Fax: (630) 851-4863 Email: [email protected] Website: www.rahn-group.com REAXIS INC. 941 Robinson Hwy. McDonald, PA 15057 (724) 796-3100 Fax: (724) 796-3160 Email: [email protected] Website: www.reaxis.com

DIPHENYLMETHANE DIISOCYANATE (MDI) Diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) is the generic name of a product used in industrial settings. Polymeric MDI (PMDI), the primary technical/commercial form of MDI, is actually a mixture that contains 25-80% monomeric 4,4’-MDI as well as oligomers containing 3-6 rings and other minor isomers, such as the 2,2’-isomer. The exact composition of PMDI varies with the manufacturer. D. B. BECKER CO. INC. 46 Leigh St. Clinton, NJ 08809-1267 (908) 730-6010 Fax: (908) 730-9118 Email: [email protected] Website: www.dbbecker.com

EPOXY CURING AGENTS Epoxies can be formulated as one-component 32

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or two-component systems. One-component systems are heat-cured and usually use dicyandiamide (DiCy) as a curing agent. Twocomponent epoxies are more common, and a range of curing agents is available. The cure kinetics and the glass-transition temperature (Tg) of the cured resin are dependent on the molecular structure of the curing agent. Curing agents include aliphatic amines, amidoamines, aromatic amines, cycloaliphatic amines, imidazoles, polyamides, anhydrides, polysulfides and boron trifluoride adducts. See also Crosslinking and Curing Agents.

AC CATALYSTS INC. 1600 W. Blancke St. Linden, NJ 07036 (908) 474-9393 Fax: (908) 636-2273 Email: [email protected] Website: www.ac-catalysts.com D. B. BECKER CO. INC. 46 Leigh St. Clinton, NJ 08809-1267 (908) 730-6010 Fax: (908) 730-9118 Email: [email protected] Website: www.dbbecker.com EMERALD PERFORMANCE MATERIALS, CVC THERMOSET SPECIALTIES 844 N. Lenola Rd. Moorestown, NJ 08057 (856) 533-3000; (800) 296-0040 Email: [email protected] Website: www.emeraldmaterials.com LINTECH INTERNATIONAL LLC 7705 N.E. Industrial Blvd. Macon, GA 31216 (800) 652-9297; (478) 784-1900 Fax: (478) 784-1745 Email: [email protected] Website: www.lintechinternational.com

POLYOLS The term polyol is used quite broadly to describe a short chain molecule or polymer with two or more alcohol groups. Polyols can comprise hydrocarbon backbones with alcohol functionality, but the two most common types are polyester and polyether polyols. These are used as precursors to acrylic monomers and are used widely in the manufacture of polyurethanes. See also Crosslinking and Curing Agents. D. B. BECKER CO. INC. 46 Leigh St. Clinton, NJ 08809-1267 (908) 730-6010 Fax: (908) 730-9118 Email: [email protected] Website: www.dbbecker.com March 2011

TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE (TDI) Toluene diisocyanate exists in two isomeric forms, 2,4-toluene diisocyanate and 2,6-toluene diisocyanate, which have similar properties and effects. Toluene diisocyanate is produced commercially as an 80:20 (2,4-toluene diisocyanate:2,6-toluene diisocyanate) mixture of the two isomers. At room temperature, the mixture is a clear, pale yellow liquid with a sharp, pungent odor. Toluene diisocyanate is insoluble in water and miscible with most common organic solvents. TDI is an isocyanate used in the production of polyurethanes for flexible foam applications ranging from furniture, bedding and carpet underlay to transportation and packaging. TDI is also used in the manufacture of coatings, sealants, adhesives and elastomers. D. B. BECKER CO. INC. 46 Leigh St. Clinton, NJ 08809-1267 (908) 730-6010 Fax: (908) 730-9118 Email: [email protected] Website: www.dbbecker.com

DEFOAMERS CAS REGISTRY NUMBER: 9016-45-9 An additive that, when added to a liquid,

breaks foam. This is in contrast to antifoam, which prevents foam formation. EMERALD PERFORMANCE MATERIALS, HILTON DAVIS-SPECIALTIES GROUP 2235 Langdon Farm Rd. Cincinnati, OH 45287 (513) 841-4000; (800) 477-1022 Email: [email protected] Website: www.emeraldmaterials.com GMZ 5115 Excello Ct. West Chester, OH 45069 (513) 860-9300 Fax: (513) 870-5210 Website: www.gmzinc.com

STEARIC ACID A saturated fatty acid with an 18 carbon chain, stearic acid is a waxy solid. WEGO CHEMICAL & MINERAL CORP. 239 Great Neck Rd. Great Neck, NY 11021 (516) 487-3510 Fax: (516) 487-3794 Email: [email protected] Website: www.wegochem.com

DRIERS A drier is a compound that catalyzes or accelerates the drying (curing) of a paint or adhesive, or the crosslinking of polymers or

drying oils. Driers are not the same as curing agents, which chemically react with functional groups in the polymer. Driers are catalytic in nature and do not chemically react with the polymeric material. D. B. BECKER CO. INC. 46 Leigh St. Clinton, NJ 08809-1267 (908) 730-6010 Fax: (908) 730-9118 Email: [email protected] Website: www.dbbecker.com

DRYING SALTS A drying salt is an inorganic agent that readily takes up water to become hydrated. Several such salts are commonly used as drying agents: calcium chloride (CaCl2); calcium sulfate, (CaSO4); magnesium sulfate (MgSO4); potassium carbonate (K2CO3); and sodium sulfate (Na2SO4). Of these salts, magnesium sulfate is a fine powder and the rest are of a larger particle size. EMERALD PERFORMANCE MATERIALS, HILTON DAVIS-SPECIALTIES GROUP 2235 Langdon Farm Rd. Cincinnati, OH 45287 (513) 841-4000; (800) 477-1022 Email: [email protected] Website: www.emeraldmaterials.com

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March 2011

ASI07094Chemquest.indd 1

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ASI 2011

RAW MATERIALS, CHEMICALS, POLYMERS AND ADDITIVES HANDBOOK ELASTOMERS — MICA ELASTOMERS CAS REGISTRY NUMBER: 2595510 Any of various polymers having the elastic properties of natural rubber.

DYNASOL 14340 Torrey Chase Blvd., Ste. 250 Houston, TX 77014 (281) 874-0888; (877) 559-7568 Fax: (281) 885-1742 Email: [email protected] Website: www.dynasolelastomers.com INTERNATIONAL SPECIALTY PRODUCTS, PERFORMANCE CHEMICALS 1361 Alps Rd. Wayne, NJ 07470 (973) 628-3174 Fax: (973) 628-3812 Email: [email protected] Website: www.ispcorp.com

INTRODUCTION TO FILLERS The term filler is a catchall for any solid powdered materials that would be added in bulk to an adhesive. The reasons for the addition can include the following.

• To reduce the overall cost of the adhesive, using fillers such as clay or calcium carbonate. • To create an opaque adhesive, as might be used in a masking tape or otherwise transparent film tape, usually at least part of which is titanium dioxide. • To give color. The choice can be either pigments or dyes, but dyes have a tendency to migrate and also to bleed. Certain pigments are affected by heat, when they will change color, and so a check is necessary on the heat stability of the colors chosen relative to the manufacturing process and end use. Pigments can contain a metal, which might deteriorate the elastomer used, calling either for the use of a chelating agent or the selection of an alternate pigment. Dispersing a pigment directly into an adhesive can be difficult, and is better performed either by pre-dispersing the pigment in a suitable carrier with the use of a commercial dispersing agent or by using commercially pre-dispersed pigment systems. • To reinforce, which will improve the holding power, with a possible increase in adhesion, by use of additives such as zinc oxide or a silicate. The reinforcing action will also

reduce any tendency to cold flow, as in a polyisobutylene adhesive system. • To dry a too-tacky adhesive system, as is sometimes encountered, particularly in duct tapes. Starch works well in this role, as do talc and colloidal silica. • To provide artificial thickening by thixotropy, using an extremely fine particle-size filler such as colloidal silicon dioxide. • To provide flame retardance, with an additive such as antimony oxide. • To provide electrical conductivity. A suitable particle-size carbon black or aluminum or silver particles will do so. • To aid in a chemical reaction, such as zinc oxide supporting a phenolic cure. EXTENDERS AND FILLERS These are usually relatively inert natural or synthetic substances such as chalk, talc, clay or calcium carbonate. Extenders and fillers generally can be classified into two categories. The first is to reduce the quantity of the more expensive functional components in an adhesive or sealant. These extend the effectiveness of the functional components and may also fill open space in the structure of the adhesive/sealant system. In either case, the extender-filler does not interfere with the function of the other components. The second category is functional extenders and fillers, which contribute to the overall performance of the product in which they are used. These occupy space and extend the basic adhesive/sealant system, but also improve physical properties, particularly hardness, stiffness, and impact strength, as well as provide improved processing, density control, optical effects, thermal conductivity, control of thermal expansion, electrical properties, magnetic properties, and flame retardancy. Fillers differ from reinforcing agents in that they are small particles and do not markedly improve the tensile strength of the base material. GMZ 5115 Excello Ct. West Chester, OH 45069 (513) 860-9300 Fax: (513) 870-5210 Website: www.gmzinc.com HARWICK STANDARD DISTRIBUTION CORPORATION 60 S. Seiberling St., P.O. Box 9360 Akron, OH 44305 (330) 798-9300; (800) 899-4412 Fax: (330) 784-4515 Email: [email protected] Website: www.harwickstandard.com

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KISH COMPANY INC. 8020 Tyler Blvd., Ste. #100 Mentor, OH 44060 (440) 205-9970 Fax: (440) 205-9975 Email: [email protected] Website: www.kishcompany.com

UNIMIN SPECIALTY MINERALS INC. 258 Elm St. New Canaan, CT 06840 (618) 747-2311 Fax: (618) 747-9318 Email: [email protected]

CALCIUM CARBONATE Calcium carbonate finds wide use due to its low cost, availability, low oil absorption and high brightness. It is also non-abrasive to processing equipment. Finer grades, including precipitated, are recommended in high-gloss applications, while coarser grades are used for gloss control in matte and low-gloss products. See also Extenders and Fillers.

LINTECH INTERNATIONAL LLC 7705 N.E. Industrial Blvd. Macon, GA 31216 (800) 652-9297; (478) 784-1900 Fax: (478) 784-1745 Email: [email protected] Website: www.lintechinternational.com

ASPHALTS Asphalts are highly viscous hydrocarbons produced during the commercial refining of crude oil or from natural sources and are used in sealants, primarily to impart water-resistant properties.

UNIMIN SPECIALTY MINERALS INC. 258 Elm St. New Canaan, CT 06840 (618) 747-2311 Fax: (618) 747-9318 Email: [email protected]

KAOLIN AND OTHER CLAYS Kaolin, often called China clay, is a pure form of hydrated aluminum silicate clay and is best known as the precursor of porcelain. Various forms of this mineral are found in many parts of the world. When used as a filler in adhesives, sealants, rubbers or coatings, its hydrophobic nature leads to a lowering of moisture absorption and an increase

in dielectric strength. See also Extender Pigments - Aluminum Silicate. ACTIVE MINERALS INTERNATIONAL, CORPORATE 6 N. Park Dr., Ste. 105 Valley, MD 21203 (410) 825-2920 Fax: (410) 321-1268 Email: [email protected] Website: www.activeminerals.com

IMERYS, NORTH AMERICA CERAMICS 100 Mansell Ct. E., Ste. 300 Roswell, GA 30076 (770) 645-3705; (803) 593-2511 Fax: (770) 645-3460 Email: [email protected] Website: www.imerys-ceramics.com UNIMIN SPECIALTY MINERALS INC. 258 Elm St. New Canaan, CT 06840 (618) 747-2311 Fax: (618) 747-9318 Email: [email protected]

MICA Any of a group of chemically and physically related aluminum silicate minerals.

13th TAPPI European PLACE Conference -AY *UNEs&ESTSPIEL UND+ONGRESSHAUSIN"REGENZ !USTRIA

The technical program for this biennial conference will have a special emphasis on the latest trends and technologies relating to extrusion, coating, and lamination of web based materials.

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In addition to these topics, the program will also include a Poster Session and Table Top Walk.

Learn more at http://events.tappiplace.org March 2011

Adhesives & Sealants Industry

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ASI 2011

RAW MATERIALS, CHEMICALS, POLYMERS AND ADDITIVES HANDBOOK MICA — MOISTURE SCAVENGERS

IMERYS, NORTH AMERICA CERAMICS 100 Mansell Ct. E., Ste. 300 Roswell, GA 30076 (770) 645-3705; (803) 593-2511 Fax: (770) 645-3460 Email: [email protected] Website: www.imerys-ceramics.com

MICROSPHERES Thermoplastic microspheres are a multifunctional additive for use in adhesives and sealants. The heat-activated unexpanded form is used in heat-cured materials as a foaming or expanding agent. When used in the pre-expanded form, microspheres are an ultralow density, compressible hollow particle. They are used to reduce shrink and drying time, cut cost, increase compressibility and resilience, and lower the weight of materials. EXPANCEL 2240 Northmont Pkwy. Duluth, GA 30096-5835 (770) 813-9126; (800) 786-4630 Fax: (770) 813-8639 Email: [email protected] Website: www.expancel.com

ROSIN DERIVATIVES A chemical substance made from rosin. Rosin derivatives form the oldest group of tackifier resins. D. B. BECKER CO. INC. 46 Leigh St. Clinton, NJ 08809-1267 (908) 730-6010 Fax: (908) 730-9118 Email: [email protected] Website: www.dbbecker.com

SILICA Ground silica performs as a functional extender to add durability and anti-corrosion and weathering properties to epoxy-based compounds, sealants, and caulks. UNIMIN SPECIALTY MINERALS INC. 258 Elm St. New Canaan, CT 06840 (618) 747-2311 Fax: (618) 747-9318 Email: [email protected]

TERPENE RESINS Terpenic resins, or polyterpenes, are the group of glass-like oligomers based on natural-productsourced feedstocks such as alpha and beta pinene, di-pentene, di-limonene, and di-carene. These products originated from the polymerization of fractions of turpentine obtained from pine gum. More recently, the principal sources of feedstock have been turpentine, a byproduct of kraft paper pulping, and di-limonene, a byproduct of citrus juice production. 36

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D. B. BECKER CO. INC. 46 Leigh St. Clinton, NJ 08809-1267 (908) 730-6010 Fax: (908) 730-9118 Email: [email protected] Website: www.dbbecker.com

FLAME AND SMOKE RETARDANTS In most cases, polymers initiate or propagate fires because, being organic compounds, they decompose to volatile, combustible products when they are exposed to heat. However, in many fields, the use of polymers is restricted by their flammability, whatever the importance of the advantages their use may bring. The present diffusion of synthetic polymers has greatly increased the “fire risk” and the “fire hazard,” that is, respectively, the probability of fire occurrence and its consequence either to humans or to structures. To fulfill these requirements, flame retardants need to be added into the polymer. The role of these additives is to slow down polymer combustion and degradation (fire extinction), reduce smoke emission and avoid dripping.

AC CATALYSTS INC. 1600 W. Blancke St. Linden, NJ 07036 (908) 474-9393 Fax: (908) 636-2273 Email: [email protected] Website: www.ac-catalysts.com D. B. BECKER CO. INC. 46 Leigh St. Clinton, NJ 08809-1267 (908) 730-6010 Fax: (908) 730-9118 Email: [email protected] Website: www.dbbecker.com

HUMECTANTS Agents that have a pronounced effect on the ability of moisture to adhere to a substance. They are sometimes used in anti-static coatings for plastics. LUBRIZOL ADVANCED MATERIALS INC. 9911 Brecksville Rd. Cleveland, OH 44141 (800) 380-5397 Fax: (216) 447-5238 Email: [email protected] Website: www.lubrizolcoatings.com

SORBITOL CAS REGISTRY NUMBER: 50-70-4 A polyhydric alcohol used as a component of alkyd-type resins.

www.adhesivesmag.com/materialshandbook

WEGO CHEMICAL & MINERAL CORP. 239 Great Neck Rd. Great Neck, NY 11021 (516) 487-3510 Fax: (516) 487-3794 Email: [email protected] Website: www.wegochem.com

LIQUEFIERS DICYANDIAMIDE CAS REGISTRY NUMBER: 461-58-5 A solid curing agent for epoxy resins. WEGO CHEMICAL & MINERAL CORP. 239 Great Neck Rd. Great Neck, NY 11021 (516) 487-3510 Fax: (516) 487-3794 Email: [email protected] Website: www.wegochem.com

THIOUREA CAS REGISTRY NUMBER: 62-56-6 A lustrous white crystalline compound (NH2)2CS, used in various organic syntheses.

WEGO CHEMICAL & MINERAL CORP. 239 Great Neck Rd. Great Neck, NY 11021 (516) 487-3510 Fax: (516) 487-3794 Email: [email protected] Website: www.wegochem.com

MOISTURE SCAVENGERS In polyurethane adhesives, moisture scavengers are substances that remove humidity from compounds so they cannot generate any unwanted secondary reactions with isocyanates. In other adhesive systems, desiccants are used to absorb moisture from elastomeric systems, imparting excellent protection against porous substrates. D. B. BECKER CO. INC. 46 Leigh St. Clinton, NJ 08809-1267 (908) 730-6010 Fax: (908) 730-9118 Email: [email protected] Website: www.dbbecker.com

VANDEMARK CHEMICAL INC. One North Transit Rd. Lockport, NY 14094 (716) 433-6764; (800) 836-8253 Fax: (716) 433-2850 Email: [email protected] Website: www.vdmchemical.com

March 2011

Istanbul The Bridge Between East and West

Coatings Show Eurasia 4th International Coatings, Inks, Adhesives, Insulation, Sealants, Construction Chemicals Raw Materials and Production Technologies Exhibition

6-8 October

Istanbul Expo Center

Media Partner

Organized by

www.turkcoat.com www.artkim.com.tr

This exhibition is organized under the permission of TOBB according to the law 5174

ASI 2011

RAW MATERIALS, CHEMICALS, POLYMERS AND ADDITIVES HANDBOOK P-TOLUENE SULFONYL ISOCYANATE (PTSI) — SEBACATES BAYER MATERIALSCIENCE LLC, COATINGS, ADHESIVES AND SPECIALTIES 100 Bayer Rd. Pittsburgh, PA 15205 (412) 777-3983 Email: [email protected] Website: www.bayermaterialsciencenafta.com

P-TOLUENE SULFONYL ISOCYANATE (PTSI) PTSI (para toluene sulfonyl isocyanate) is used in adhesives and coatings systems as a moisture scavenger. It chemically reacts with water to remove it from the system, which may cause detrimental effects.

EMERALD PERFORMANCE MATERIALS, CVC THERMOSET SPECIALTIES 844 N. Lenola Rd. Moorestown, NJ 08057 (856) 533-3000; (800) 296-0040 Email: [email protected] Website: www.emeraldmaterials.com

VANDEMARK CHEMICAL INC. One North Transit Rd. Lockport, NY 14094 (716) 433-6764; (800) 836-8253 Fax: (716) 433-2850 Email: [email protected] Website: www.vdmchemical.com

MONOMERS A single-unit molecule used to make polymers, many of which are used in the adhesives industry. For example, ethylene is polymerized to polyethylene.

WEGO CHEMICAL & MINERAL CORP. 239 Great Neck Rd. Great Neck, NY 11021 (516) 487-3510 Fax: (516) 487-3794 Email: [email protected] Website: www.wegochem.com

PLASTICIZERS Plasticizers are among the modifiers added to a stabilized elastomer or blend to obtain the balance of properties required to meet design requirements. A good plasticizer should be incompatible with the elastomer and thus have little or no effect on the glass-transition temperature (Tg) of the adhesive. It is intended

to increase the overall softness, but may also increase apparent tack by providing greater deformability.2 HARWICK STANDARD DISTRIBUTION CORPORATION 60 S. Seiberling St., P.O. Box 9360 Akron, OH 44305 (330) 798-9300; (800) 899-4412 Fax: (330) 784-4515 Email: [email protected] Website: www.harwickstandard.com

AZELAIC ACID Azelaic acid is used to prepare esters that are excellent low-temperature plasticizers for polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The most common plasticizer is di-2-ethylhexyl azelate, known generically as DOZ. See also Plasticizers. WEGO CHEMICAL & MINERAL CORP. 239 Great Neck Rd. Great Neck, NY 11021 (516) 487-3510 Fax: (516) 487-3794 Email: [email protected] Website: www.wegochem.com

BENZOATES Benzoate plasticizers, such as the glycol-, diethylengylcol-, and triethyleneglycol esters, are obtained by transesterification of methyl benzoate with the corresponding diol.

CONSULTING BY “DR. DAVE” Adhesives and Sealants-Technology, Applications and Markets

Dr. Dave Dunn writes the monthly “Questions and Answers” column in Adhesives & Sealants Industry magazine, and is a unique source of both technical and management consulting for the adhesives and sealants industry. Technical Consulting • Formulation advice • Sourcing information • New developments • Application development • Application troubleshooting • Problem solving Market Research • Opportunity analysis • Customer surveys • Mergers and acquisitions • New developments • Market analysis • Industry structure • Competitive intelligence • Key trends

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Technology Focus • Anaerobics • Cyanoacrylates • Reactive acrylics • Epoxies • Hot melts • Gasketing Market Focus • Industrial • Automotive OEM • Automotive aftermarket • Medical • Construction Management Consulting Innovation can be planned and managed to meet the strategic goals of a company. We have concentrated on integrating the R&D functions of companies into their strategic plans and putting systems in place to continuously measure the effectiveness of investments in R&D.

www.adhesivesmag.com/materialshandbook

About the principal… Dr. Dave Dunn is President of F.L.D. Enterprises, which is located near Akron, Ohio, USA. He is a former Vice President and Director of Loctite Corporation and has consulted for many adhesives and sealants manufacturers and users in both North America and Europe. He is the author of several books and many articles, including the recent book Adhesives and Sealants-Technology, Applications and Markets, published by Rapra Technology Ltd. (www.polymer-books.com). F.L.D. Enterprises Inc. 242 Trails End Aurora OH 44202 Tel. 330-562-2930 FAX 330-247-1690 e-mail [email protected] web site www.fldenterprises.com

EMERALD PERFORMANCE MATERIALS, KALAMA CHEMICAL DIV. 1296 Third St., N.W. Kalama, WA 98625 (360) 673-2550 Email: [email protected] Website: www.emeraldmaterials.com WEGO CHEMICAL & MINERAL CORP. 239 Great Neck Rd. Great Neck, NY 11021 (516) 487-3510 Fax: (516) 487-3794 Email: [email protected] Website: www.wegochem.com

CASTOR OIL (POLYMERIZED/OXIDIZED) Castor oil is frequently used as a plasticizer for inks, lacquers and adhesives. WEGO CHEMICAL & MINERAL CORP. 239 Great Neck Rd. Great Neck, NY 11021 (516) 487-3510 Fax: (516) 487-3794 Email: [email protected] Website: www.wegochem.com

CITRIC ACID ESTERS Citrate-ester products exhibit a low order of toxicity and provide superior processing properties with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) March 2011

and other prevalent polymers. See also Plasticizers. WEGO CHEMICAL & MINERAL CORP. 239 Great Neck Rd. Great Neck, NY 11021 (516) 487-3510 Fax: (516) 487-3794 Email: [email protected] Website: www.wegochem.com

DIETHYLENE GLYCOL DIBENZOATE CAS REGISTRY NUMBER: 120-55-8 Diethylene glycol dibenzoate is a clear and colorless to slightly straw-colored liquid. The substance has a faint aromatic odor and is slightly soluble in water. The substance is produced from benzoic acids, and belongs to the glycol benzoate ester group, whichh is chemically stable and has high-boiling-point diesters. Diethylene glycol dibenzoate is very soluble in different polymers, and is used as a plasticizer in polyvinyl acetates (PCAc) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) coatings, in floor coverings, and plastisols (roof coatings). Other applications include as a plasticizer in glue, caulks, sealants and paints. It is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in plastic and glues for food packaging.

EMERALD PERFORMANCE MATERIALS, KALAMA CHEMICAL DIV. 1296 Third St., N.W. Kalama, WA 98625 (360) 673-2550 Email: [email protected] Website: www.emeraldmaterials.com WEGO CHEMICAL & MINERAL CORP. 239 Great Neck Rd. Great Neck, NY 11021 (516) 487-3510 Fax: (516) 487-3794 Email: [email protected] Website: www.wegochem.com

DIPROPYLENE GLYCOL DIBENZOATE CAS REGISTRY NUMBER: 27138-31-4 Dipropylene glycol dibenzoate, or DPGDB, has a number of specialized applications. It is used as a plasticizing agent in polymers, particularly in the packaging industry for carton sealing, book binding and labeling purposes. It also finds uses in paste dispersions and cosmetics. EMERALD PERFORMANCE MATERIALS, KALAMA CHEMICAL DIV. 1296 Third St., N.W. Kalama, WA 98625 (360) 673-2550 Email: [email protected] Website: www.emeraldmaterials.com

WEGO CHEMICAL & MINERAL CORP. 239 Great Neck Rd. Great Neck, NY 11021 (516) 487-3510 Fax: (516) 487-3794 Email: [email protected] Website: www.wegochem.com

PHOSPHATES CAS REGISTRY NUMBER: 14265-44-2 Phosphate plasticizers are most commonly used to impart flame-resistant properties to adhesives, sealants and plastics.

WEGO CHEMICAL & MINERAL CORP. 239 Great Neck Rd. Great Neck, NY 11021 (516) 487-3510 Fax: (516) 487-3794 Email: [email protected] Website: www.wegochem.com

SEBACATES Esters produced from 2-ethylhexanol and higher alcohols with linear aliphatic acids that are used in demanding flexible PVC applications where superior low-temperature

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RAW MATERIALS, CHEMICALS, POLYMERS AND ADDITIVES HANDBOOK SEBACATES — PRESSURE-SENSITIVE SUBSTRATES performance is required. They give superior low-temperature performance to adipates, but also command a significant premium, and their usage is generally limited to extremely demanding low-temperature flexibility solutions. WEGO CHEMICAL & MINERAL CORP. 239 Great Neck Rd. Great Neck, NY 11021 (516) 487-3510 Fax: (516) 487-3794 Email: [email protected] Website: www.wegochem.com

PRESERVATIVES The microbial contamination of adhesives and sealants can cause undesirable effects such as odor, discoloration, loss of stability or viscosity, changes in pH, and gas generation. Consequently, the contaminated products are unusable and unsatisfactory to customers, and the recovery operations costly and time consuming. Microbial contamination can occur during manufacture and/or storage of finished products prior to use by the consumer; this is known as in-can contamination. Alternatively, once the adhesive or sealant is applied, fungi and yeasts can colonize the surface film, causing discoloration and degradation; this is known as dry-film contamination. Antimicrobial agents provide both fungicidal and bactericidal activity, making them ideal for use as in-can preservatives for a range of adhesives and silicone emulsions.

ARCH CHEMICALS INC., BIOCIDES 5660 New Northside Dr., Ste. 1100 Atlanta, GA 30328 (800) 523-7391 Fax: (866) 705-0465 Email: [email protected] Website: www.archbiocides.com

LANXESS CORP. 111 RIDC Park West Dr. Pittsburgh, PA 15275 (412) 809-1000; (800) LANXESS Email: [email protected] Website: www.mpp.us.lanxess.com

BENZOIC ACID CAS REGISTRY NUMBER: 65-85-0 Benzoic acid occurs naturally in a variety of products but is also industrially synthesized. Benzoic acid is used in the manufacture of 40

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plasticizers, resin coatings and caprolactam. It is an antiseptic, antifungal and antipyretic agent, and can be used as an alkali-metric standard. See also Preservatives. EMERALD PERFORMANCE MATERIALS, KALAMA CHEMICAL DIV. 1296 Third St., N.W. Kalama, WA 98625 (360) 673-2550 Email: [email protected] Website: www.emeraldmaterials.com WEGO CHEMICAL & MINERAL CORP. 239 Great Neck Rd. Great Neck, NY 11021 (516) 487-3510 Fax: (516) 487-3794 Email: [email protected] Website: www.wegochem.com

BIOCIDES A biocide is a chemical agent capable of killing organisms responsible for microbiological degradation. D. B. BECKER CO. INC. 46 Leigh St. Clinton, NJ 08809-1267 (908) 730-6010 Fax: (908) 730-9118 Email: [email protected] Website: www.dbbecker.com

LANXESS CORP. 111 RIDC Park West Dr. Pittsburgh, PA 15275 (412) 809-1000; (800) LANXESS Email: [email protected] Website: www.mpp.us.lanxess.com

FUNGICIDES Chemical compounds used to destroy or inhibit the growth of fungi or fungal spores.

LANXESS CORP. 111 RIDC Park West Dr. Pittsburgh, PA 15275 (412) 809-1000; (800) LANXESS Email: [email protected] Website: www.mpp.us.lanxess.com

PHENOLS CAS REGISTRY NUMBER: 108-95-2 Phenols, sometimes referred to as phenolics, are a class of chemical compounds that comprise a hydroxyl group attached to an aromatic hydrocarbon group.

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LANXESS CORP. 111 RIDC Park West Dr. Pittsburgh, PA 15275 (412) 809-1000; (800) LANXESS Email: [email protected] Website: www.mpp.us.lanxess.com

SODIUM BENZOATE CAS REGISTRY NUMBER: 532-32-1 The sodium salt of benzoic acid, sodium benzoate, fulfills an antibacterial and antifungal role. See also Preservatives. EMERALD PERFORMANCE MATERIALS, KALAMA CHEMICAL DIV. 1296 Third St., N.W. Kalama, WA 98625 (360) 673-2550 Email: [email protected] Website: www.emeraldmaterials.com WEGO CHEMICAL & MINERAL CORP. 239 Great Neck Rd. Great Neck, NY 11021 (516) 487-3510 Fax: (516) 487-3794 Email: [email protected] Website: www.wegochem.com

SODIUM FLUORIDES CAS REGISTRY NUMBER: 7681-49-4 Sodium fluoride is a white, crystalline, watersoluble powder used in a variety of industrial applications. See also Preservatives. WEGO CHEMICAL & MINERAL CORP. 239 Great Neck Rd. Great Neck, NY 11021 (516) 487-3510 Fax: (516) 487-3794 Email: [email protected] Website: www.wegochem.com

PRESSURE-SENSITIVE SUBSTRATES Adhesive products that provide permanent adhesion on a variety of dissimilar materials with the use of minimal pressure and without the need for solvents, water or heat for activation. Adhesives may be cast as free transfer films on paper release liners or on various film backings for laminating to paper, plastic, metal, glass, wood, low-energy surfaces and other substrates in industrial applications. Good cohesive strength allows clean removal of these high-tack materials without adhesive residue. TESA TAPE INC. 5825 Carnegie Blvd. Charlotte, NC 28209 (800) 426-2181; (704) 554-0707 Fax: (800) 852-8831 Email: [email protected] Website: www.tesatape.com March 2011

New VOC-Free and Low-VOC Biocides. Find out how we can be your solutions provider.

ASI 2011

RAW MATERIALS, CHEMICALS, POLYMERS AND ADDITIVES HANDBOOK RELEASE LINERS, SILICONE COATED — SOAPS, SODIUM AND POTASSIUM RELEASE LINERS, SILICONE COATED Silicone-coated release papers and films are available for adhesive and sealant materials. Products are coated on one or two sides. Substrates can be paper or film. Paper can be clay-coated, polyethylene (PE)-coated, machine-finished or super-calendered. Film can be PE, oriented polypropylene (OPP) or polyethylene terephthalate (PET). A variety of different technologies and product capabilities are available. Each product is complementary and solves technical problems or reduces cost. See also Pressure-Sensitive Substrates.

LOPAREX LLC 1255 Crescent Green #400 Cary, NC 27518 (919) 678-7700 Fax: (919) 678-7900 Email: [email protected] Website: www.loparex.com

TAPE A strong, narrow strip or band of paper that is permanently tacky at room temperature

and will adhere to a surface with only light pressure. It requires no water, solvent or heat to activate the adhesive to create a bond.4 See also Pressure-Sensitive Substrates.

TESA TAPE INC. 5825 Carnegie Blvd. Charlotte, NC 28209 (800) 426-2181; (704) 554-0707 Fax: (800) 852-8831 Email: [email protected] Website: www.tesatape.com

RHEOLOGY MODIFIERS Every adhesive and sealant has to have the correct flow properties to work in its targeted application. These flow properties are the result of the rheology of the material. This is true of such diverse materials as sprayapplied adhesives and caulks. Rheological modifiers are used to control how the product will respond to a variety of shear conditions. For example, a caulk must thin out as it passes through the nozzles of the applicator, but it must regain its viscosity quickly

so that it forms the proper bead. Sprayapplied adhesives must also thin out during application, but they need to recover their viscosity more slowly to allow for the proper flow-out on the substrate.

LUBRIZOL ADVANCED MATERIALS INC. 9911 Brecksville Rd. Cleveland, OH 44141 (800) 380-5397 Fax: (216) 447-5238 Email: [email protected] Website: www.lubrizolcoatings.com ROYAL ADHESIVES & SEALANTS LLC, POLYMERS AND SPECIALTY COATINGS 863 S.E. Main St. Simpsonville, SC 29681 (800) 763-7272 Fax: (800) 825-4583 Email: [email protected]

SOAPS, SODIUM AND POTASSIUM Potassium and sodium soaps both dissolve in water and are effective cleaning agents.

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Simply snap a photo of the mobile tag with your Smartphone, and you can conveniently go from a page in our magazine to a webpage. 42

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Coming January 2011

March 2011

Pressure Sensitive Tape Council Week of Learning 2011 Build Your PSA Tape Knowledge! The Pressure Sensitive Tape Council Week of Learning 2011 brings together the entire pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) tape industry channel: adhesive manufacturers, suppliers, tape manufacturers, tape converters, associations and industry experts. At the PSTC Week of Learning, YOU create your own KNOWLEDGE BUILDING EXPERIENCE! Segmented and ÀH[LEOHOHDUQLQJRSWLRQVJLYH\RXPXOWLSOHRSSRUWXQLWLHVWRJDLQLQFUHDVHNQRZOHGJHDERXWWKH36$7DSHLQGXVWU\

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ASI 2011

RAW MATERIALS, CHEMICALS, POLYMERS AND ADDITIVES HANDBOOK SOAPS, SODIUM AND POTASSIUM — TACKIFIERS BLACHFORD LTD., H.L., CS DIVISION 2323 Royal Windsor Dr. Mississauga, ON L5J 1K5 Canada (905) 823-3200 Fax: (905) 823-9290 Email: [email protected] Website: www.blachford.com

SOFTENERS AND ANTI-BLOCKING AGENTS HYDROGENATED CASTOR OIL Hydrogenated castor oil is produced when

castor oil is hydrogenated with nickel catalyst. Its white flakes are extremely insoluble and are water resistant. WEGO CHEMICAL & MINERAL CORP. 239 Great Neck Rd. Great Neck, NY 11021 (516) 487-3510 Fax: (516) 487-3794 Email: [email protected] Website: www.wegochem.com

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WEGO CHEMICAL & MINERAL CORP. 239 Great Neck Rd. Great Neck, NY 11021 (516) 487-3510 Fax: (516) 487-3794 Email: [email protected] Website: www.wegochem.com

STABILIZERS Stabilizers are chemicals added to a formulation to inhibit reactions between two or more other chemicals. WATER-REMOVING Material used to remove water from a formulation.

VANDEMARK CHEMICAL INC. One North Transit Rd. Lockport, NY 14094 (716) 433-6764; (800) 836-8253 Fax: (716) 433-2850 Email: [email protected] Website: www.vdmchemical.com

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STEARIC ACID Stearic acid is a waxy solid used in making candles, plastics and other products, and for softening rubber.

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SURFACTANTS AND DISPERSING AGENTS A surface-active compound that reduces surface tension when dissolved in water or water solutions, or that reduces interfacial tension between two liquids, or between a liquid and a solid. There are three categories of surface-active agents: detergents, wetting agents and emulsifiers. All three have the same basic chemical mechanism and differ chiefly in the nature of the surfaces involved. See also Dispersing Agents.

Find all the resources you need for long-term cost savings, improved process efficiency, and reduced waste. ROYAL ADHESIVES & SEALANTS LLC, POLYMERS AND SPECIALTY COATINGS 863 S.E. Main St. Simpsonville, SC 29681 (800) 763-7272 Fax: (800) 825-4583 Email: [email protected]

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DETERGENTS Detergents are surfactants or mixtures of surfactants that offer cleaning properties in dilute solutions.

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March 2011

PILOT CHEMICAL COMPANY 2744 E. Kemper Rd. Cincinnati, OH 45241 (800) 70-PILOT; (513) 326-0600 Fax: (513) 326-0601 Email: [email protected] Website: www.pilotchemical.com

PILOT CHEMICAL COMPANY 2744 E. Kemper Rd. Cincinnati, OH 45241 (800) 70-PILOT; (513) 326-0600 Fax: (513) 326-0601 Email: [email protected] Website: www.pilotchemical.com

but without a typical “foaming” process. Syntactics are characterized by consistent, closed cells.

WETTING AGENTS Substance used to reduce surface tension, thereby facilitating spreading or impregnation of a surface.

DISPERSING AGENTS CAS REGISTRY NUMBER: 9084-06-4 Dispersing agents are chemical compounds that, when added to a colloidal suspension, tend to make the particles more disperse. D. B. BECKER CO. INC. 46 Leigh St. Clinton, NJ 08809-1267 (908) 730-6010 Fax: (908) 730-9118 Email: [email protected] Website: www.dbbecker.com LUBRIZOL ADVANCED MATERIALS INC. 9911 Brecksville Rd. Cleveland, OH 44141 (800) 380-5397 Fax: (216) 447-5238 Email: [email protected] Website: www.lubrizolcoatings.com

PILOT CHEMICAL COMPANY 2744 E. Kemper Rd. Cincinnati, OH 45241 (800) 70-PILOT; (513) 326-0600 Fax: (513) 326-0601 Email: [email protected] Website: www.pilotchemical.com

SYNTACTIC CORE Syntactic foams are formed by mixing preformed cells (typically hollow microspheres) with a binder or resin. The resulting material has foam-like properties of low density,

EXPANCEL 2240 Northmont Pkwy. Duluth, GA 30096-5835 (770) 813-9126; (800) 786-4630 Fax: (770) 813-8639 Email: [email protected] Website: www.expancel.com

TACKIFIERS CAS REGISTRY NUMBER: 8050-09-7 Tackifiers are specialty resins used in the formulation of adhesives and sealants to add “tack” and improve adhesion. They may be hydrocarbon resins, rosin esters, phenolic resins, coumarone-indene resins or terpene phenol resins, depending on the raw material. Tackifiers provide increaed tack and adhesion by creating a physical bond with the surface material, which may be paper or an elastomer. They also deliver other performance advantages, such as improved hardness and reduced viscosity. Low-molecular-weight tackifiers, in particular, enable formulators to achieve low-viscosity formulations. This improves compatibility with the system,

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ASI 2011

RAW MATERIALS, CHEMICALS, POLYMERS AND ADDITIVES HANDBOOK TACKIFIERS — SODIUM, POTASSIUM AND AMMONIUM POLYACRYLATES making it easier and faster to incorporate all materials, including fillers and plasticizers. Tackifying resins enhance a broad range of adhesives and sealants, from hot-melts to packaging adhesives. Depending on the level of tack required for the specific application, various levels of adhesion can be achieved simply by modifying system components. In general, the tackifier may account for up to 80-90% of a typical adhesive or sealant formulation.

ARIZONA CHEMICAL P.O. Box 550850 Jacksonville, FL 32255 (904) 928-8700; (800) 526-5294 Fax: (904) 928-8779 Email: [email protected] Website: www.arizonachemical.com

EXXONMOBIL CHEMICAL CO., ADHESION INDUSTRY BUSINESS 13501 Katy Fwy. Houston, TX 77079 (281) 870-6258; (281) 870-6039 Fax: (281) 588-4624 Email: [email protected] Website: www.escorez.com

LAWTER INC. (PREVIOUSLY HEXION SPECIALTY CHEMICALS) 99 E. Cottage Ave. Carpentersville, IL 60110 (847) 340-2872 Email: [email protected] Website: www.lawter.com

LINTECH INTERNATIONAL LLC 7705 N.E. Industrial Blvd. Macon, GA 31216 (800) 652-9297; (478) 784-1900 Fax: (478) 784-1745 Email: [email protected] Website: www.lintechinternational.com

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THICKENING AGENTS All adhesives and sealants must have the proper consistency or viscosity. If the combination of binders, pigments, fillers and other additives results in a formulation that is too thin, thickening agents will be added to increase the viscosity. See also Rheology Modifiers. SCOTT BADER INC. 4280 Hudson Dr. Stow, OH 44224 (330) 920-4410 Fax: (330) 920-4415 Email: [email protected] Website: www.scottbaderinc.com

CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE CAS REGISTRY NUMBER: 9000-11-7 Carboxymethyl cellulose is a derivative of cellulose formed by its reaction with alkali and chloroacetic acid. CMC dissolves rapidly in cold water and is mainly used for controlling viscosity without gelling. As its viscosity drops during heating, it may be used to improve the volume yield during baking by encouraging gas bubble formation. Its control of viscosity allows its use as a thickener, phase and emulsion stabilizer (e.g., with milk casein), and as a suspending agent. WEGO CHEMICAL & MINERAL CORP. 239 Great Neck Rd. Great Neck, NY 11021 (516) 487-3510 Fax: (516) 487-3794 Email: [email protected] Website: www.wegochem.com

POLYVINYL ALCOHOLS CAS REGISTRY NUMBER: 9002-89-5 Polyvinyl alcohols, or PVAs, are used as very important additives or modifiers in polyvinyl acetate emulsion-based adhesives, or as the major component in solid-fiber laminating and spiral-tube winding adhesives. Polyvinyl alcohol adheres particularly well to cellulosic substrates such as paper and wood. Adding it to a polyvinyl acetate emulsion will increase the efficiency as well as the tensile strength of the resulting adhesive. See also Thickening Agents. WEGO CHEMICAL & MINERAL CORP. 239 Great Neck Rd. Great Neck, NY 11021 (516) 487-3510 Fax: (516) 487-3794 Email: [email protected] Website: www.wegochem.com

SODIUM, POTASSIUM AND AMMONIUM ALGINATES The term ‘algin’ encompasses alginic acid, alginates (salts of alginic acid) and PGAs (alginate propylene glycol esters). Alginates were first isolated from seaweeds over a century ago and have been in commercial use

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for the better part of a century. Consequently, they are one of the most well established hydrocolloids in the market today. All hydrocolloids have two basic functions: they either thicken or gel water. Their ability to do this gives rise to many useful properties — viscosity control; stabilization of suspensions, emulsions and foams; improved freeze/thaw stability; film formation; rheology control; and more. Alginic acid, an intermediate in the alginate manufacturing process and also a line product, is insoluble in water. However, when added to water it swells. Alginates, the water-soluble forms of the product, are made by neutralizing alginic acid to give the appropriate soluble-salt forms, most notably the sodium, potassium and ammonium salts. These so-called monovalent salts are the water-soluble forms of algin that are most commonly used as thickeners. See also Thickening Agents. WEGO CHEMICAL & MINERAL CORP. 239 Great Neck Rd. Great Neck, NY 11021 (516) 487-3510 Fax: (516) 487-3794 Email: [email protected] Website: www.wegochem.com

SODIUM, POTASSIUM AND AMMONIUM POLYACRYLATES The term ‘algin’ encompasses alginic acid, alginates (salts of alginic acid) and PGAs (alginate propylene glycol esters). Alginates were first isolated from seaweeds over a century ago and have been in commercial use for the better part of a century. Consequently, they are one of the most well established hydrocolloids in the market today. All hydrocolloids have two basic functions: they either thicken or gel water. Their ability to do this gives rise to many useful properties — viscosity control; stabilization of suspensions, emulsions and foams; improved freeze/thaw stability; film formation; rheology control; and more. Alginic acid, an intermediate in the alginate manufacturing process and also a line product, is insoluble in water. However, when added to water it swells. Alginates, the water-soluble forms of the product, are made by neutralizing alginic acid to give the appropriate soluble-salt forms, most notably the sodium, potassium and ammonium salts. These so-called monovalent salts are the water-soluble forms of algin that are most commonly used as thickeners. See also Thickening Agents.

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ASI 2011

RAW MATERIALS, CHEMICALS, POLYMERS AND ADDITIVES HANDBOOK SODIUM, POTASSIUM AND AMMONIUM POLYACRYLATES — WATER-REDUCIBLE

ROYAL ADHESIVES & SEALANTS LLC, POLYMERS AND SPECIALTY COATINGS 863 S.E. Main St. Simpsonville, SC 29681 (800) 763-7272 Fax: (800) 825-4583 Email: [email protected]

WATER-TREATMENT CHEMICALS Water-treatment chemicals eliminate impurities used in feed water for process applications. They are also used to control corrosion and other damage to water-tube boilers, heat exchangers, cooling towers and chillers. Water-treatment chemicals include ion exchange systems, chemical softening systems, demineralizers and other chemicalcontrol systems.

THIXOTROPES Thixotropes are materials used to modify adhesive rheology. LINTECH INTERNATIONAL LLC 7705 N.E. Industrial Blvd. Macon, GA 31216 (800) 652-9297; (478) 784-1900 Fax: (478) 784-1745 Email: [email protected] Website: www.lintechinternational.com

WETTING AGENTS Media that dry out commonly fail to rewet properly for a number of reasons. Waxes, resins, organic acids and other chemicals present in organic-media components are inherently water-repellent. Water repellency (“hydrophobicity”) is a condition that prevents water from adhering to and moving uniformly into and through a medium. The reason media do not wet consistently is that the particle surfaces and pores within these media are constantly changing every time they undergo wet-to-dry cycles. A wetting agent imparts a “film” to all of the particle surfaces within the medium and allows the medium to retain its ability to uniformly wet-out for several days to several weeks. D. B. BECKER CO. INC. 46 Leigh St. Clinton, NJ 08809-1267 (908) 730-6010 Fax: (908) 730-9118 Email: [email protected] Website: www.dbbecker.com PILOT CHEMICAL COMPANY 2744 E. Kemper Rd. Cincinnati, OH 45241 (800) 70-PILOT; (513) 326-0600 Fax: (513) 326-0601 Email: [email protected] Website: www.pilotchemical.com

WATER REPELLENTS EMERALD PERFORMANCE MATERIALS, HILTON DAVIS-SPECIALTIES GROUP 2235 Langdon Farm Rd. Cincinnati, OH 45287 (513) 841-4000; (800) 477-1022 Email: [email protected] Website: www.emeraldmaterials.com

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LUBRIZOL ADVANCED MATERIALS INC. 9911 Brecksville Rd. Cleveland, OH 44141 (800) 380-5397 Fax: (216) 447-5238 Email: [email protected] Website: www.lubrizolcoatings.com

OILS AND FATTY ACIDS

LANXESS CORP. 111 RIDC Park West Dr. Pittsburgh, PA 15275 (412) 809-1000; (800) LANXESS Email: [email protected] Website: www.mpp.us.lanxess.com

WEGO CHEMICAL & MINERAL CORP. 239 Great Neck Rd. Great Neck, NY 11021 (516) 487-3510 Fax: (516) 487-3794 Email: [email protected] Website: www.wegochem.com

WAX, SYNTHETIC A synthetic wax is made from animal, mineral, or vegetable sources but is altered and refined. One of the most important ingredients in a hot-melt adhesive formulation is the wax. Waxes decrease the viscosity of the melt and the surface tension of the liquid adhesive. D. B. BECKER CO. INC. 46 Leigh St. Clinton, NJ 08809-1267 (908) 730-6010 Fax: (908) 730-9118 Email: [email protected] Website: www.dbbecker.com

WAXES One of the most important ingredients in a hot-melt adhesive formulation is the wax. Waxes decrease the viscosity of the melt and the surface tension of the liquid adhesive. As hydrocarbon-type materials, waxes, in general, have a lower surface tension than the base polymer of the hot melt, and thus lower the surface tension of the overall adhesive. Certain waxes, known as microcrystalline waxes, not only reduce melt viscosity and melt surface tension but they also reinforce the hot melt by forming crystallites that resist deformation under load.3

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FATTY ACIDS A fatty acid is a carboxylic acid with a long unbranched aliphatic tail, which is either saturated or unsaturated. WEGO CHEMICAL & MINERAL CORP. 239 Great Neck Rd. Great Neck, NY 11021 (516) 487-3510 Fax: (516) 487-3794 Email: [email protected] Website: www.wegochem.com

MINERAL OIL A liquid byproduct of the distillation of petroleum. PETRO-CANADA LUBRICANTS 2310 Lakeshore Rd. W. Mississauga, ON L5J 1K2 Canada (866) 335-3369 (North America) Fax: (905) 804-3619 Email: [email protected] Website: lubricants.petro-canada.ca/puretol

RESINS AND BASE POLYMERS INTRODUCTION TO RESINS The term resin comes from resinous, the description of materials that are amorphous, brittle, and yet soft and tacky. Rosin from trees is the easiest example to relate to — gymnasts and baseball players use it for grip. Rosin derivatives form the oldest group of tackifier resins. The term resin is sometimes used to describe materials like polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), which do not fit the description used here for tackifier resins as follows: • Low molecular weight, less than 20,000 Mz, typically less than 5,000 Mz; • Amorphous; • Melting points from liquid to 180°C; • Glass transition temperatures (Tg) from liquid to 130°C; • Colors from water white to brown. Resins are used to modify the bulk rheology and surface adhesion properties of a variety of polymers for many applications, including March 2011

adhesives, paints, inks, wax compounds, and chewing gum. In some cases, resins provide tackiness and an increase in specific adhesion, and in other cases they provide film forming and reduction in viscosity. When mixed with a polymer, a compatible resin will increase the Tg and reduce viscosity or hardness in contrast to a plasticizer, which generally will not modify Tg. There are many types of resins available from a range of suppliers. There are also a number of ways that they can be grouped. The most common way is by the feedstock used to produce them: •Hydrocarbon resins •Rosin resins •Terpene resins Hydrocarbon resins are generally made from petroleum-based feedstocks, either aliphatic (C5) or aromatic (C9), or dicyclopentadiene (dcpd), or mixtures of these. The monomers are polymerized using catalysts such as AlCl3 or BF3, or in the case of dcpd, thermal polymerization can be employed. These resins can be sold as is or after they have been hydrogenated to reduce either color or levels of unsaturation. Rosin acids are derived from the root (wood rosin) or sap (gum rosin) or from the kraft process (tall oil rosin). Rosin acids can be tackifiers themselves, but it is more common to use their ester derivatives. Terpene resins are derived from terpene feedstocks, either from wood sources or from citrus fruit. AlCl3 also polymerizes these resins. CHOOSING A RESIN With so many resins available, how does one choose the right one for a particular application? Basic criteria narrow down the choice, and then a number of secondary filters are applied. Resin suppliers really sell two basic properties: compatibility and stability. In most formulations, especially adhesives, the polymer is the starting point of the mixture, which means that the resin must have a known and understood compatibility with the polymer and with other ingredients. Viscosity, color and oxidative stability are very important criteria and, if not understood, can affect application and end use properties, resulting in blocked nozzles, poor coatings, and failed or discolored adhesives. Stability is proportional to cost, so choices are made around what stability is really required for the adhesive. With basic criteria of compatibility and stability in place, secondary filters come into play: •FDA clearances •Odor •Color •Cost March 2011

New resins are often developed as a response to market and polymer changes. Trends such as biodegradability and repulpability will result in new polymers with a different structure that will require different resins and other additives. Advances in radiation-curing techniques will also result in new polymers and resins with the required ability to add adhesion and modify rheology without impacting curing mechanisms. ACRYLIC RESINS Acrylic resins are prepared by polymerizing acrylate and methacrylate resins. A range of homopolymers and copolymers is available, ranging from simple plastics like polymethyl methacrylate to complex copolymers incorporating several monomers. Uses range from clear plastics and floor polishes to solvent solutions or emulsions used in both pressure-sensitive and liquid adhesives for a wider range of applications, including packaging, carpet manufacture, and construction. The solid resins can also be used as inert thickeners in adhesives like cyanoacrylates and anaerobics. DSM 730 Main St. Wilmington, MA 01887 (978) 658-6600 Fax: (978) 988-3918 FORBO ADHESIVES LLC, SYNTHETIC POLYMERS P.O. Box 110447 Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-0447 (800) 711-2415; (800) 711-2405 Fax: (877) 902-4569 Email: [email protected] Website: www.forbo.com LINTECH INTERNATIONAL LLC 7705 N.E. Industrial Blvd. Macon, GA 31216 (800) 652-9297; (478) 784-1900 Fax: (478) 784-1745 Email: [email protected] Website: www.lintechinternational.com

LUBRIZOL ADVANCED MATERIALS INC. 9911 Brecksville Rd. Cleveland, OH 44141 (800) 380-5397 Fax: (216) 447-5238 Email: [email protected] Website: www.lubrizolcoatings.com SCOTT BADER INC. 4280 Hudson Dr. Stow, OH 44224 (330) 920-4410 Fax: (330) 920-4415 Email: [email protected] Website: www.scottbaderinc.com

POLYMER EMULSION CAS REGISTRY NUMBER: 25035-69-2 Polymer emulsions of acrylics are the most versatile of the synthetic emulsions (or latex) polymers. Acrylic emulsions are the fastestgrowing category of adhesives emulsions and are low-cost alternatives to polyurethanes in many flexible-packaging applications. They are also one of the leading technologies for producing high-performance pressuresensitive adhesives and high-performance sealants. See also Acrylic Resins.

CELANESE EMULSION POLYMERS 1601 W. LBJ Freeway Dallas, TX 75234 (877) 832-7782; (972) 443-8506 Email: [email protected] Website: www.celanese-emulsions.com FORBO ADHESIVES LLC, SYNTHETIC POLYMERS P.O. Box 110447 Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-0447 (800) 711-2415; (800) 711-2405 Fax: (877) 902-4569 Email: [email protected] Website: www.forbo.com

ROYAL ADHESIVES & SEALANTS LLC, POLYMERS AND SPECIALTY COATINGS 863 S.E. Main St. Simpsonville, SC 29681 (800) 763-7272 Fax: (800) 825-4583 Email: [email protected]

SAIDEN TECHNOLOGIES 5618 Clyde Rhyne Dr. Sanford, NC 27330 (919) 777-5995 Fax: (919) 777-6695 Email: [email protected] Website: www.saiden.com

WATER-REDUCIBLE Water-reducible resins can be useful for waterborne and solvent-based inks, adhesives, powder coatings, and anticorrosive coatings.

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RAW MATERIALS, CHEMICALS, POLYMERS AND ADDITIVES HANDBOOK WATER-REDUCIBLE — HYDROCARBON RESINS D. B. BECKER CO. INC. 46 Leigh St. Clinton, NJ 08809-1267 (908) 730-6010 Fax: (908) 730-9118 Email: [email protected] Website: www.dbbecker.com

ALKYD RESINS Alkyd resins are the reaction product of an oil or fatty acid, polyol(s) and polyacids. These polymers are supplied in solvents and can cure by reaction with oxygen or amino-based crosslinking resins to form tough, durable films. The choice and amount of oil in the polymer determines the dry rate and solubility of the polymer in aliphatic solvents. Long (over 60%) and medium (40-60%) oil alkyds are supplied in low odor aliphatic solvents and are suitable for architectural and maintenance finishes. Short (under 40%) oil alkyds are supplied in aromatic solvents and are used in fast air dry and bake finishes. Alkyds can also be modified or co-reacted with many other material types (rosin, phenolic, urethane, vinyl monomers, etc.). The precise combination of the many possible ingredients, together with careful control of the reaction, influences the final properties of the alkyd produced. For this reason, there are a large number of alkyds available for the coatings formulator. D. B. BECKER CO. INC. 46 Leigh St. Clinton, NJ 08809-1267 (908) 730-6010 Fax: (908) 730-9118 Email: [email protected] Website: www.dbbecker.com SCOTT BADER INC. 4280 Hudson Dr. Stow, OH 44224 (330) 920-4410 Fax: (330) 920-4415 Email: [email protected] Website: www.scottbaderinc.com

ALKYD POLYESTER Synthetic polyester resins derived from various alcohols and acids. SCOTT BADER INC. 4280 Hudson Dr. Stow, OH 44224 (330) 920-4410 Fax: (330) 920-4415 Email: [email protected] Website: www.scottbaderinc.com

BUTYL RUBBER Butyl rubber is mainly polyisobutylene, but with about 1-3% polyisoprene added to it so that it is possible to crosslink it by conventional means. It is a little darker in color, with an available molecular weight range of around 350,000-450,000. Thus, much of what is said about polyisobutylene applies to butyl rubber, recognizing the 50

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molecular-weight difference between the two. It is also very stable to aging and ultraviolet light. In addition to standardized grades, some specialized grades are manufactured. Should some specific end use call for a variation from the ordinary, elastomer manufacturers should be contacted. One major source of butyl rubber for underground pipe-wrap tapes was reclaim butyl from automotive inner tubes, but with the advent of tubeless tires this source has been reduced to truck inner-tube reclaim, along with some mechanical goods and one or two other minor sources. Butyl latex has been used as a base for prime-coat formulae for polyolefin films where it shows preferential bonding.2 CENTROTRADE RUBBER USA INC. 1317 Executive Blvd., Ste. 120 Chesapeake, VA 23320 (757) 518-2300; (800) 520-7669 Fax: (757) 518-2305 Email: [email protected] Website: www.centrotrade.net

EXXONMOBIL CHEMICAL CO., ADHESION INDUSTRY BUSINESS 13501 Katy Fwy. Houston, TX 77079 (281) 870-6258; (281) 870-6039 Fax: (281) 588-4624 Email: [email protected] Website: www.escorez.com GOLDSMITH & EGGLETON INC. 300 First St. Wadsworth, OH 44281 (330) 336-6616 Fax: (330) 336-1072 Email: [email protected] Website: www.goldsmith-eggleton.com

DISPERSIONS The term dispersion is normally used to describe a solid finely dispersed in a liquid. In contrast to solutions, dispersions are heterogeneous on a microscopic scale. Colloid chemists refer to them as “sols.” In practice, many materials can be supplied as dispersions, including things like polyurethane adhesive dispersions in water. Dispersions are also used widely in plastics and rubber processing, where companies supply master batches of additives in water, plasticizers or process oils. Typical additives are colorants, slip aids, antioxidants, polymer accelerators, UV inhibitors and polymer stabilizers. Some manufacturers of synthetic latex adhesives have started to call their products dispersions to avoid using the term

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latex. This is to avoid association with the latex allergy issue, which is in fact unique to natural rubber latex.

ARIZONA CHEMICAL P.O. Box 550850 Jacksonville, FL 32255 (904) 928-8700; (800) 526-5294 Fax: (904) 928-8779 Email: [email protected] Website: www.arizonachemical.com

EPOXY FLEXIBILIZERS/DILUENTS Flexibilizers improve peel and impact strength generally by allowing the adhesive to deform under the application of stress. They reduce mechanical damage by lowering modulus or plasticization, which allows the adhesive to become distorted. The primary function of a diluent in an epoxy resin formulation is to reduce its viscosity to either make it easier to compound with fillers, improve filler loading capacity, or to improve application properties.

AC CATALYSTS INC. 1600 W. Blancke St. Linden, NJ 07036 (908) 474-9393 Fax: (908) 636-2273 Email: [email protected] Website: www.ac-catalysts.com EMERALD PERFORMANCE MATERIALS, CVC THERMOSET SPECIALTIES 844 N. Lenola Rd. Moorestown, NJ 08057 (856) 533-3000; (800) 296-0040 Email: [email protected] Website: www.emeraldmaterials.com GMZ 5115 Excello Ct. West Chester, OH 45069 (513) 860-9300 Fax: (513) 870-5210 Website: www.gmzinc.com

EPOXY HARDENERS A catalytic or reactive agent used to react with the epoxide group on an epoxy resin to promote, enhance or control the curing reaction and aid in property development of the final epoxy thermoset. The hardener (also called a curing agent) typically has active hydrogen attached to nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur. Amine curing agents are the most March 2011

common and can be primary or secondary, aliphatic or aromatic, or cycloaliphatic. The amines typically have greater than three reactive sites per molecule that facilitate the formation of a three-dimensional polymer network when mixed with the epoxy resin. Epoxies can be cured in several ways. Single-component epoxies usually contain hardeners like dicyanamide and are cured by heating at moderately high temperatures. Two-component systems can be cured at room temperature or higher by a condensation mechanism involving the glicydyl groups of the epoxy resins and primary or secondary amines. Strong acids or acid-generating molecules such as anhydrides can also act as hardeners.

AC CATALYSTS INC. 1600 W. Blancke St. Linden, NJ 07036 (908) 474-9393 Fax: (908) 636-2273 Email: [email protected] Website: www.ac-catalysts.com

GMZ 5115 Excello Ct. West Chester, OH 45069 (513) 860-9300 Fax: (513) 870-5210 Website: www.gmzinc.com

EPOXY RESINS A thermosetting resin based on the reactivity of the epoxide group. One type is made from epichlorohydrin and bisphenol A. Aliphatic polyols such as glycerol may be used instead of aromatic bisphenol A. Molecules of this type have glycidyl ether structures, --OCH2CHOCH2, have many hydroxyl groups in the terminal positions, and cure readily with amines. Another type is made from polyolefins oxidized with peracetic acid. These have epoxide groups within the molecule as well as in terminal positions, and can be cured with anhydrides, but require high temperatures. Many modifications of both types are made commercially. Halogenated bisphenols can be used to add flame-retardant properties. The reactive epoxies form a tight crosslinked polymer network and are characterized by toughness and good adhesion, corrosion resistance, chemical resistance, and dielectric properties. March 2011

GMZ 5115 Excello Ct. West Chester, OH 45069 (513) 860-9300 Fax: (513) 870-5210 Website: www.gmzinc.com

LINTECH INTERNATIONAL LLC 7705 N.E. Industrial Blvd. Macon, GA 31216 (800) 652-9297; (478) 784-1900 Fax: (478) 784-1745 Email: [email protected] Website: www.lintechinternational.com

ESTER CAS REGISTRY NUMBER: 9011-14-7 Epoxy ester resins are based on epoxy resins that have been esterified with a fatty acid. Epoxy esters generally dry or cure by reaction with oxygen, similar to alkyd resins. Epoxy esters offer higher performance than alkyd resins with the ease of handling a onecomponent system. EMERALD PERFORMANCE MATERIALS, CVC THERMOSET SPECIALTIES 844 N. Lenola Rd. Moorestown, NJ 08057 (856) 533-3000; (800) 296-0040 Email: [email protected] Website: www.emeraldmaterials.com

LIQUID/SOLUTION Liquid hydrocarbon resins are used almost exclusively for solvent-free systems. The main reasons for their application are improved miscibility of polyol and aromatic isocyanate, adjustment of mix ratio, increased moisture resistance, greater water repellent properties, improved adhesion and better flexibilization. See also Hydrocarbon Resins. EMERALD PERFORMANCE MATERIALS, CVC THERMOSET SPECIALTIES 844 N. Lenola Rd. Moorestown, NJ 08057 (856) 533-3000; (800) 296-0040 Email: [email protected] Website: www.emeraldmaterials.com

ETHYLENE-PROPYLENE RUBBER The term ethylene-propylene rubber refers to two different kinds of polymers: EPM and EPDM. EPM represents a copolymer from ethylene and propylene monomers; EPM is entirely saturated and therefore requires

vulcanization by radiation or products that release free radicals, such as organic peroxides. EPDM denotes a terpolymer based on three monomers: ethylene, propylene and a non-conjugated diene; EPDM grades have a residual unsaturation in the side chains and can therefore be cured with sulfur and accelerators. Its heat resistance is distinctly better than that of natural rubber, SBR and butadiene rubber. The molecules of both EPM and EPDM have a completely saturated hydrocarbon backbone, through which excellent ozone resistance and very good resistance to heat and oxidation are achieved. GOLDSMITH & EGGLETON INC. 300 First St. Wadsworth, OH 44281 (330) 336-6616 Fax: (330) 336-1072 Email: [email protected] Website: www.goldsmith-eggleton.com

HYDROCARBON RESINS Hydrocarbon resins are generally made from petroleum-based feedstocks, either aliphatic (C5) or aromatic (C9), or dicyclopentadiene (DCPD), or mixtures of these. The monomers are polymerized using catalysts such as AlCl3 or BF3, or in the case of DCPD, thermal polymerization can be employed. These resins can be sold as is or after they have been hydrogenated to reduce either color or levels of unsaturation. See also Resins Overview and Tackifiers.

EXXONMOBIL CHEMICAL CO., ADHESION INDUSTRY BUSINESS 13501 Katy Fwy. Houston, TX 77079 (281) 870-6258; (281) 870-6039 Fax: (281) 588-4624 Email: [email protected] Website: www.escorez.com GMZ 5115 Excello Ct. West Chester, OH 45069 (513) 860-9300 Fax: (513) 870-5210 Website: www.gmzinc.com HARWICK STANDARD DISTRIBUTION CORPORATION 60 S. Seiberling St., P.O. Box 9360 Akron, OH 44305 (330) 798-9300; (800) 899-4412 Fax: (330) 784-4515 Email: [email protected] Website: www.harwickstandard.com

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RAW MATERIALS, CHEMICALS, POLYMERS AND ADDITIVES HANDBOOK HYDROCARBON RESINS — POLYESTER RESINS WEGO CHEMICAL & MINERAL CORP. 239 Great Neck Rd. Great Neck, NY 11021 (516) 487-3510 Fax: (516) 487-3794 Email: [email protected] Website: www.wegochem.com

ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBON RESINS Aliphatic hydrocarbon resins are used primarily in hot-melt adhesives, coatings and pressure-sensitive adhesives. WEGO CHEMICAL & MINERAL CORP. 239 Great Neck Rd. Great Neck, NY 11021 (516) 487-3510 Fax: (516) 487-3794 Email: [email protected] Website: www.wegochem.com

ISOCYANATE RESINS A linear alkyd resin lengthened by reaction with isocyanates, then treated with a glycol or diamine to crosslink the molecular chain.

DOW CHEMICAL CO./DOW POLYURETHANES, DOW POLYURETHANES 2040 Corporate Center Midland, MI 48674 (800) 477-4369; +800 3 694 6367 Fax: (989) 832-1465 Website: www.dowpolyurethanes.com

HYDROGENATED HYDROCARBON RESINS Materials used as tackifiers in hot-melt and pressure-sensitive adhesives. WEGO CHEMICAL & MINERAL CORP. 239 Great Neck Rd. Great Neck, NY 11021 (516) 487-3510 Fax: (516) 487-3794 Email: [email protected] Website: www.wegochem.com

PURE MONOMER RESINS These resins are polymers or copolymers of varying ratios manufactured from pure monomers, such as styrene. See also Hydrocarbon Resins.

ARIZONA CHEMICAL P.O. Box 550850 Jacksonville, FL 32255 (904) 928-8700; (800) 526-5294 Fax: (904) 928-8779 Email: [email protected] Website: www.arizonachemical.com

TERPENE Terpenes are a class of natural products used as adhesives tackifiers. They are obtained from citrus peels or wood byproducts and are based on a- or b-pinene, usually used in the polymerized state. See also Hydrocarbon Resins.

ARIZONA CHEMICAL P.O. Box 550850 Jacksonville, FL 32255 (904) 928-8700; (800) 526-5294 Fax: (904) 928-8779 Email: [email protected] Website: www.arizonachemical.com 52

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GMZ 5115 Excello Ct. West Chester, OH 45069 (513) 860-9300 Fax: (513) 870-5210 Website: www.gmzinc.com

LATEX RESINS A milky, aqueous dispersion of a natural or synthetic rubber or resin. This term is also frequently applied to synthetic emulsion polymers.

CELANESE EMULSION POLYMERS 1601 W. LBJ Freeway Dallas, TX 75234 (877) 832-7782; (972) 443-8506 Email: [email protected] Website: www.celanese-emulsions.com

MALEIC RESINS Resins produced from maleic anhydride monomer, such as styrene maleic anhydride copolymer, an alternating copolymer of styrene and maleic anhydride that is produced by the free-radical polymerization of the mixed comonomers. D. B. BECKER CO. INC. 46 Leigh St. Clinton, NJ 08809-1267 (908) 730-6010 Fax: (908) 730-9118 Email: [email protected] Website: www.dbbecker.com

MELAMINE AND MELAMINE-TYPE RESINS CAS REGISTRY NUMBER: 9003-08-1 Melamine is widely used in wood-panel glue systems. Melamine urea formaldehyde resins are used in the production of particleboard,

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plywood, oriented-strand board and fiberboard where the resin is part of the binding system used to form the panel. The panels derive their improved durability, low formaldehyde emissions and moisture resistance from the melamine resins. WEGO CHEMICAL & MINERAL CORP. 239 Great Neck Rd. Great Neck, NY 11021 (516) 487-3510 Fax: (516) 487-3794 Email: [email protected] Website: www.wegochem.com

NATURAL LATEX This is the latex that is harvested from the tree Hevea Brasiliensis, a tree native to South America that is harvested on rubber plantations in Southeast Asia. The latex can be used in the latex form or coagulated as so-called “natural rubber.” The latex finds many uses, including adhesives and foam manufacture. Disposable medical gloves have provided a major growth area in recent years, but concerns have arisen due to severe latex allergies in some users caused by residual proteins found in the gloves. See also Natural Rubber. CENTROTRADE RUBBER USA INC. 1317 Executive Blvd., Ste. 120 Chesapeake, VA 23320 (757) 518-2300; (800) 520-7669 Fax: (757) 518-2305 Email: [email protected] Website: www.centrotrade.net

NATURAL RUBBER CAS REGISTRY NUMBER: 9006-04-6 The most useful elastomer for pressuresensitive adhesives has proven over the years to be natural rubber, which consists largely of cis-polyisoprene. With a broad molecular weight, ranging anywhere from around 500,000 to 2,000,000, there is much that can be done with natural rubber. There is a twin spread of molecular-weight distribution in natural rubber, and the higher fraction contributes considerably to shear resistance. Natural rubber is very compatible with many raw materials and offers a good balance of properties when used in a PSA. It is soluble in a variety of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons and chlorinated hydrocarbons, but is insoluble in ketones and alcohols. It is forgiving in that the ratio of natural rubber to tackifier used in formulations is usually noncritical: it takes a change of around 5% before any noticeable change in properties occurs. As a natural product derived from the latex of the rubber tree, Hevea Braziliensis, there is a reasonable quantity of protein present in natural rubber that acts as a natural March 2011

preservative. It is available in a wide range of grades.2 See also Natural Latex. CENTROTRADE RUBBER USA INC. 1317 Executive Blvd., Ste. 120 Chesapeake, VA 23320 (757) 518-2300; (800) 520-7669 Fax: (757) 518-2305 Email: [email protected] Website: www.centrotrade.net

POLYAMIDE RESINS CAS REGISTRY NUMBER: 25038-54-4 Polyamides, commonly known as nylons (formerly a DuPont trademark), were first commercialized in 1939 when DuPont introduced the fibers to make women’s stockings. Polyamides consist of chains of methylene groups linked by amide groups. Synthesis occurs by two routes, either through the condensation of a diamine with a dicarboxylic acid or through the ring opening polymerization of a cyclic lactam. The two most common polyamides are Nylon 6,6 and Nylon 6, which have quite similar properties and are characterized by being very strong, rigid plastics with lubricity, abrasion resistance, heat strength, and chemical resistance. Polyamides are very useful as high-temperature hot-melt adhesives, and they bond well to a range of materials.

ARIZONA CHEMICAL P.O. Box 550850 Jacksonville, FL 32255 (904) 928-8700; (800) 526-5294 Fax: (904) 928-8779 Email: [email protected] Website: www.arizonachemical.com D. B. BECKER CO. INC. 46 Leigh St. Clinton, NJ 08809-1267 (908) 730-6010 Fax: (908) 730-9118 Email: [email protected] Website: www.dbbecker.com

EMS-GRILTECH AMERICAS, A UNIT OF EMS-CHEMIE (NORTH AMERICA) INC. 2060 Corporate Way, P.O. Box 1717 Sumter, SC 29151-1717 (803) 481-6190; (877) 367-8323 Fax: (803) 481-6129 Email: [email protected] Website: www.emsgriltech.com

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POLYAMINO CO-REACTANT Polyamino co-reactant resins are solventfree, amine-functional reactive partners for polyisocyanates.

BAYER MATERIALSCIENCE LLC, COATINGS, ADHESIVES AND SPECIALTIES 100 Bayer Rd. Pittsburgh, PA 15205 (412) 777-3983 Email: [email protected] Website: www.bayermaterialsciencenafta.com

POLYBUTADIENES CAS REGISTRY NUMBER: 9003-17-2 Polybutadiene rubber was first manufactured in Russia and Germany in the 1920s by polymerizing butadiene with sodium. This was called “Buna” rubber. Today most polybutadiene is produced in solution with alkyl lithium catalysts and is used in tire production. Latices of polybutadiene are still manufactured and used in adhesives. Polybutadiene is a very tacky polymer with a very low glass-transition temperature (Tg) of -79˚C. Latices are used for manufacturing low-temperature pressure-sensitive adhesives for tapes and labels. They are also used as heat-curable adhesives/sealants in the automotive industry. D. B. BECKER CO. INC. 46 Leigh St. Clinton, NJ 08809-1267 (908) 730-6010 Fax: (908) 730-9118 Email: [email protected] Website: www.dbbecker.com EMERALD PERFORMANCE MATERIALS, CVC THERMOSET SPECIALTIES 844 N. Lenola Rd. Moorestown, NJ 08057 (856) 533-3000; (800) 296-0040 Email: [email protected] Website: www.emeraldmaterials.com

POLYBUTENES Polybutenes are polymers of isobutylene and are frequently used as tackifiers in adhesives. When copolymerized with small amounts of isoprene, they can be crosslinked to form butyl rubber. Butyl is a hydrocarbon polymer with outstanding resistance to water, and its very low air and moisture vapor transmission rates make it suitable for use as a highperformance sealant. See also Tackifiers.

D. B. BECKER CO. INC. 46 Leigh St. Clinton, NJ 08809-1267 (908) 730-6010 Fax: (908) 730-9118 Email: [email protected] Website: www.dbbecker.com

POLYCHLOROPRENE Polychloroprene is especially resistant to oil. It was the first synthetic elastomer, or rubber, to be a hit commercially. It was invented by Arnold Collins while working under the same fellow who invented nylon, Wallace Carothers.

BAYER MATERIALSCIENCE LLC, COATINGS, ADHESIVES AND SPECIALTIES 100 Bayer Rd. Pittsburgh, PA 15205 (412) 777-3983 Email: [email protected] Website: www.bayermaterialsciencenafta.com GOLDSMITH & EGGLETON INC. 300 First St. Wadsworth, OH 44281 (330) 336-6616 Fax: (330) 336-1072 Email: [email protected] Website: www.goldsmith-eggleton.com

POLYESTER RESINS Polyesters are formed from the reaction of a di-acid and a glycol, and are available as saturated or unsaturated polyesters. Saturated polyesters include common thermoplastics such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and are frequently used as thickeners and performance improvers in adhesives and sealants. Unsaturated polyesters, usually diluted with styrene, are crosslinked with peroxide initiators and are used to make chemically resistant tanks and piping, countertops, and sanitaryware, plus a range of materials like automotive body fillers and impregnation/coating resins for metals and electrical items. BAYER MATERIALSCIENCE LLC, COATINGS, ADHESIVES AND SPECIALTIES 100 Bayer Rd. Pittsburgh, PA 15205 (412) 777-3983 Email: [email protected] Website: www.bayermaterialsciencenafta.com

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RAW MATERIALS, CHEMICALS, POLYMERS AND ADDITIVES HANDBOOK POLYESTER RESINS — POLYOLEFINS DSM 730 Main St. Wilmington, MA 01887 (978) 658-6600 Fax: (978) 988-3918

EMS-GRILTECH AMERICAS, A UNIT OF EMS-CHEMIE (NORTH AMERICA) INC. 2060 Corporate Way, P.O. Box 1717 Sumter, SC 29151-1717 (803) 481-6190; (877) 367-8323 Fax: (803) 481-6129 Email: [email protected] Website: www.emsgriltech.com

POLYETHYLENE/EVA COPOLYMERS EVAs are random copolymers of ethylene and vinyl acetate. Polymers with up to 16% vinyl acetate are used widely in packaging, particularly as adhesive tie-layers in multiwall packages. Polymers with vinyl acetate content above 18% are the most common resins used in hot-melt adhesives. In adhesives, EVA is essential in creating a variable-temperature-activated adhesive that provides flexibility at low temperatures

and sufficient open time and hot tack at high temperatures. The combination of various EVA grades allows customization of products without changing the overall EVA-copolymer content. In sealants, EVA allows for high mineral content, better processability in compounds and the ability to be expanded with chemical blowing agents.

EXXONMOBIL CHEMICAL CO., ADHESION INDUSTRY BUSINESS 13501 Katy Fwy. Houston, TX 77079 (281) 870-6258; (281) 870-6039 Fax: (281) 588-4624 Email: [email protected] Website: www.escorez.com

POLYISOBUTYLENE Polyisobutylene is a synthetic rubber, or elastomer. It is the only rubber that is gas impermeable; that is, it is the only rubber which can hold air for long periods of time.

“CHEMICAL GRAFTING” APS’ chemical grafting process permanently attaches new properties to substrates to enhance their performance properties and make them more durable even under severe conditions. The result: high performance and longer life. APS’s proprietary process can be tailored to accommodate individual product requirements and production capabilities. Many materials can be improved through chemical grafting including metals, plastics, rubber, glass and cellulose. In addition to chemical adhesion via a covalent linkage resulting in superior bond, additional properties may also be imparted to your material. For more information, please contact us. ADVANCED POLYMER SOLUTIONS 99 Seaview Blvd. Port Washington NY 11050 TEL: 516-621-5800 FAX: 516-621-5850 Or Visit our website: www.advancedpolymersolutions.com

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GOLDSMITH & EGGLETON INC. 300 First St. Wadsworth, OH 44281 (330) 336-6616 Fax: (330) 336-1072 Email: [email protected] Website: www.goldsmith-eggleton.com

POLYMERS Polymers is a general term used to describe long chain natural and synthetic molecules, and describes materials that are commonly called plastics, rubbers, and resins.

INTERNATIONAL SPECIALTY PRODUCTS, PERFORMANCE CHEMICALS 1361 Alps Rd. Wayne, NJ 07470 (973) 628-3174 Fax: (973) 628-3812 Email: [email protected] Website: www.ispcorp.com

The Source For Customized Technology For 30 Years

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BASF CORPORATION, PERFORMANCE CHEMICALS-OPPANOL PIB 100 Campus Dr. Florham Park, NJ 07932 (800) 794-1019 Fax: (877) 245-1806 Email: [email protected] Website: www.basf.com/pib

POLYOLEFINS Polyolefins are the most important plastics used worldwide and comprise polymers and copolymers of olefins, such as ethylene, propylene, butane, and hexene. The polymers range from rigid plastics like polypropylene and high-density polyethylene to soft, rubbery materials called plastomers, which are intermediates between plastics and rubbers. The so-called thermoplastic olefins (TPOs) are blends of polyolefins like polypropylene with rubbers such as ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) and are very widely used as plastic films in automotive interiors.

EXXONMOBIL CHEMICAL CO., ADHESION INDUSTRY BUSINESS 13501 Katy Fwy. Houston, TX 77079 (281) 870-6258; (281) 870-6039 Fax: (281) 588-4624 Email: [email protected] Website: www.escorez.com March 2011

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ASI 2011

RAW MATERIALS, CHEMICALS, POLYMERS AND ADDITIVES HANDBOOK POLYETHYLENE — VINYL ACETATE ETHYLENE EMULSIONS POLYETHYLENE CAS REGISTRY NUMBER: 9002-88-4 A commodity thermoplastic produced by the polymerization of ethylene gas. Various polymerization methods lead to polymers with varying degrees of chain branching and thus a varying tendency to crystallize. Highly branched polymers don’t crystallize easily and give low-density polyethylene (LDPE), whereas very linear polymers crystallize well and give high-density polyethylene (HDPE). Modern developments include new metallocene catalysts that give polymers with very controllable molecular weights and chain structures, ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene and the so-called plastomers, which are copolymers of ethylene with high levels of 1-olefins that give properties intermediate between plastics and elastomers. See also Polyolefins.

EXXONMOBIL CHEMICAL CO., ADHESION INDUSTRY BUSINESS 13501 Katy Fwy. Houston, TX 77079 (281) 870-6258; (281) 870-6039 Fax: (281) 588-4624 Email: [email protected] Website: www.escorez.com

POLYOLS The term polyol is used quite broadly to describe a short-chain molecule or polymer with two or more alcohol groups. Polyols can comprise hydrocarbon backbones with alcohol functionality, but the two most common types are polyester and polyether polyols. These are used as precursors to acrylic monomers and are used widely in the manufacture of polyurethanes. GMZ 5115 Excello Ct. West Chester, OH 45069 (513) 860-9300 Fax: (513) 870-5210 Website: www.gmzinc.com

PROTEIN-BASED Protein resins used in structural adhesives come from several sources, such as animal blood, fish, milk, connective tissue and soybeans. Protein-based adhesives have been used throughout history. Their primary use in modern times is in the production of plywood for interior applications. CASEIN CAS REGISTRY NUMBER: 9000-71-9 Casein is obtained from milk by precipitation induced by acids such as lactic acid. Milkbased adhesives are called casein-based adhesives. 56

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WEGO CHEMICAL & MINERAL CORP. 239 Great Neck Rd. Great Neck, NY 11021 (516) 487-3510 Fax: (516) 487-3794 Email: [email protected] Website: www.wegochem.com

RESIN INTERMEDIATES Resin intermediates are low-molecularweight materials with a silanol or methoxy functionality. TRIMELLITIC ANHYDRIDE Trimellitic anhydride (TMA) is a chemical used in the manufacture of coatings, epoxy curing agents, printing inks and vinyl plasticizers. WEGO CHEMICAL & MINERAL CORP. 239 Great Neck Rd. Great Neck, NY 11021 (516) 487-3510 Fax: (516) 487-3794 Email: [email protected] Website: www.wegochem.com

ROSIN ESTERS CAS REGISTRY NUMBER: 8050-26-8 Rosin esters are modified rosin products that find use predominantly in adhesives as tackifiers and/or process aids in other industries. See also Tackifiers.

ARIZONA CHEMICAL P.O. Box 550850 Jacksonville, FL 32255 (904) 928-8700; (800) 526-5294 Fax: (904) 928-8779 Email: [email protected] Website: www.arizonachemical.com D. B. BECKER CO. INC. 46 Leigh St. Clinton, NJ 08809-1267 (908) 730-6010 Fax: (908) 730-9118 Email: [email protected] Website: www.dbbecker.com LINTECH INTERNATIONAL LLC 7705 N.E. Industrial Blvd. Macon, GA 31216 (800) 652-9297; (478) 784-1900 Fax: (478) 784-1745 Email: [email protected] Website: www.lintechinternational.com

SILICONE DISPERSIONS Silicones are polymeric materials that have alternating silicon and oxygen atoms in their backbone. They are available in various molecular weights and forms. Emulsions or dispersions in water are used as lubricants and defoamers. Crosslinked polymers are formed using two-component systems or single-component systems that cure with atmospheric moisture. These polymers are

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high-performance elastomers with very high flexibility and outstanding high-temperature performance. Very highly crosslinked systems are more rigid and are known as silicone resins. The resins are used in hightemperature electrical applications. SILICONE RESINS See also Silicone Dispersions. D. B. BECKER CO. INC. 46 Leigh St. Clinton, NJ 08809-1267 (908) 730-6010 Fax: (908) 730-9118 Email: [email protected] Website: www.dbbecker.com

STYRENE RESINS The term styrene resin is sometimes used to describe materials like acrylonitile butadiene styrene (ABS). See also Introduction to Resins. STYRENE BUTADIENE RUBBER CAS REGISTRY NUMBER: 9003-55-8 A rubber derived from the random copolymerization of styrene and butadiene. Two predominant technologies currently prevail. Solution SBR (styrene butadiene rubber) is polymerized in a hydrocarbon medium. Emulsion SBR polymerization takes place in an aqueous medium and soap as an ingredient in the coagulation process. CENTROTRADE RUBBER USA INC. 1317 Executive Blvd., Ste. 120 Chesapeake, VA 23320 (757) 518-2300; (800) 520-7669 Fax: (757) 518-2305 Email: [email protected] Website: www.centrotrade.net

THERMOPLASTIC RESINS A polymer that softens when exposed to heat and returns to its original condition when cooled to room temperature. Natural substances that exhibit this behavior are crude rubber and a number of waxes; however, the term is usually applied to synthetics such as polyvinyl chloride, nylons, fluorocarbons, linear polyethylene, polyurethane prepolymer, polystyrene, polypropylene, and cellulosic and acrylic resins. They are distinct from thermoset resins, which cure or crosslink on heating and cannot be resoftened.

EMS-GRILTECH AMERICAS, A UNIT OF EMS-CHEMIE (NORTH AMERICA) INC. 2060 Corporate Way, P.O. Box 1717 Sumter, SC 29151-1717 (803) 481-6190; (877) 367-8323 Fax: (803) 481-6129 Email: [email protected] Website: www.emsgriltech.com

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LUBRIZOL ADVANCED MATERIALS INC. 9911 Brecksville Rd. Cleveland, OH 44141 (800) 380-5397 Fax: (216) 447-5238 Email: [email protected] Website: www.lubrizolcoatings.com

THERMOSETTING RESINS Thermosets and thermosetting resins are crosslinked polymeric resins cured or set using heat or heat and pressure.

DOW CHEMICAL CO./DOW POLYURETHANES, DOW POLYURETHANES 2040 Corporate Center Midland, MI 48674 (800) 477-4369; +800 3 694 6367 Fax: (989) 832-1465 Website: www.dowpolyurethanes.com DSM 730 Main St. Wilmington, MA 01887 (978) 658-6600 Fax: (978) 988-3918

AC CATALYSTS INC. 1600 W. Blancke St. Linden, NJ 07036 (908) 474-9393 Fax: (908) 636-2273 Email: [email protected] Website: www.ac-catalysts.com

URETHANE RESINS A term used to describe polyurethane polymers used in the adhesives, sealants, coatings and elastomers markets. Urethane resins can be supplied as polyurethane prepolymers, fully reacted thermoplastic polyurethane polymers or waterborne polyurethane dispersions. For adhesive applications, polyurethane prepolymers can be moisture cured or cured by combination with a second component containing hydroxyl or amine groups. Fully reacted thermoplastic polyurethane polymers and waterborne polyurethane dispersions are typically heat-activated and bonded with pressure.

BAYER MATERIALSCIENCE LLC, COATINGS, ADHESIVES AND SPECIALTIES 100 Bayer Rd. Pittsburgh, PA 15205 (412) 777-3983 Email: [email protected] Website: www.bayermaterialsciencenafta.com

WATERBORNE Waterborne urethanes are high-molecularweight polyurethanes dispersed in water. They are applied and used in exactly the same manner as solventborne systems with the benefit of not using hazardous or flammable solvents. See also Urethane Resins. LUBRIZOL ADVANCED MATERIALS INC. 9911 Brecksville Rd. Cleveland, OH 44141 (800) 380-5397 Fax: (216) 447-5238 Email: [email protected] Website: www.lubrizolcoatings.com

UV-CURING RESINS UV-curing resins comprise acrylate and methacrylate monomers and oligomers. They are formulated with photoinitiators (chemicals that decompose with the energy from UV or visible light) and cure by free-radical-initiated polymerization. Newer systems involve monomers like cycloaliphatic epoxies and vinyl ethers, which cure by a cationic mechanism initiated by strong acids generated from the UV decomposition of novel ionic salts. UV systems are very valuable as very-fast-curing coatings, adhesives, sealants and gasketing compounds in a range of industries. LINTECH INTERNATIONAL LLC 7705 N.E. Industrial Blvd. Macon, GA 31216 (800) 652-9297; (478) 784-1900 Fax: (478) 784-1745 Email: [email protected] Website: www.lintechinternational.com RAHN USA CORPORATION 1005 N. Commons Dr. Aurora, IL 60504 (630) 851-4220 Fax: (630) 851-4863 Email: [email protected] Website: www.rahn-group.com

D. B. BECKER CO. INC. 46 Leigh St. Clinton, NJ 08809-1267 (908) 730-6010 Fax: (908) 730-9118 Email: [email protected] Website: www.dbbecker.com

March 2011

VINYL RESINS CAS REGISTRY NUMBER: 9003-22-9 A resin having the vinyl grouping (CH2==CH--), specifically vinyl chloride, vinyl acetate and similar esters, but also referring more generally to other types of

compounds. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a hard, rigid polymer that can be plasticized to make a soft, flexible version. PVC is the secondlargest-volume polymer produced in the world (after polyethylene), and its main application areas are in construction (e.g., vinyl siding), furniture, and packaging. The vinyl compounds are highly reactive and polymerize easily.

CELANESE EMULSION POLYMERS 1601 W. LBJ Freeway Dallas, TX 75234 (877) 832-7782; (972) 443-8506 Email: [email protected] Website: www.celanese-emulsions.com FORBO ADHESIVES LLC, SYNTHETIC POLYMERS P.O. Box 110447 Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-0447 (800) 711-2415; (800) 711-2405 Fax: (877) 902-4569 Email: [email protected] Website: www.forbo.com

POLYVINYL ACETATE CAS REGISTRY NUMBER: 9003-20-7 A type of thermoplastic, polyvinyl acetate is a rubbery synthetic polymer with the structure (C4H6O2)N. FORBO ADHESIVES LLC, SYNTHETIC POLYMERS P.O. Box 110447 Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-0447 (800) 711-2415; (800) 711-2405 Fax: (877) 902-4569 Email: [email protected] Website: www.forbo.com

POLYVINYL ALCOHOL CAS REGISTRY NUMBER: 9002-89-5 One material used as both a surfactant and part of a colloid protection system is hydrolyzed polyvinyl acetate (PVAc). The material is either polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or PVA-co-PVAc. These combinations of surfactants and cellulosic protective colloids optimize properties, provide improved wettability on various surfaces, or have the potential for crosslinking.3 See also Vinyl Resins. WEGO CHEMICAL & MINERAL CORP. 239 Great Neck Rd. Great Neck, NY 11021 (516) 487-3510 Fax: (516) 487-3794 Email: [email protected] Website: www.wegochem.com

VINYL ACETATE ETHYLENE EMULSIONS Ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers (EVA) are conventionally regarded as those copolymers of ethylene and vinyl acetate where the weight percentage of ethylene in the polymer molecule exceeds that of the vinyl acetate. Adhesives & Sealants Industry

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RAW MATERIALS, CHEMICALS, POLYMERS AND ADDITIVES HANDBOOK VINYL ACETATE ETHYLENE EMULSIONS — TITANIUM DIOXIDE Adhesive grades generally fall in the range of 14% to 35% vinyl acetate and have a melt index (a measure of tendency to flow at elevated temperature) in the range of 5 to 2,500. The vinyl acetate content and the molecular-weight range influence adhesive properties and hot-melt rheology. The higher the ethylene content, the better the specific adhesion to non-polar substrates, such as polyolefins. The polymers higher in vinyl acetate show improved adhesion to polar substrates, such as paper. Lower-molecularweight polymers yield lower-melt-viscosity hot melts that are easier to process and apply. These also provide better wetting and, thus, improved mechanical adhesion to porous substrates, such as paper and wood. Higher-molecular-weight polymers are used for applications requiring optimum cohesive strength at elevated temperatures and good low-temperature flexibility. See also Vinyl Resins.

CELANESE EMULSION POLYMERS 1601 W. LBJ Freeway Dallas, TX 75234 (877) 832-7782; (972) 443-8506 Email: [email protected] Website: www.celanese-emulsions.com FORBO ADHESIVES LLC, SYNTHETIC POLYMERS P.O. Box 110447 Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-0447 (800) 711-2415; (800) 711-2405 Fax: (877) 902-4569 Email: [email protected] Website: www.forbo.com

VINYL ACETATE POLYMER EMULSIONS Polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) emulsion adhesives are known to the consumer and the industry as “white glue.” In wood bonding with PVAc adhesives, much of the drying of the adhesive takes place by sorption of water by the wood. White glues are widely used in the packaging industry for the manufacture of cardboard and paper bags.3 See also Vinyl Resins and Polyvinyl Acetate.

CELANESE EMULSION POLYMERS 1601 W. LBJ Freeway Dallas, TX 75234 (877) 832-7782; (972) 443-8506 Email: [email protected] Website: www.celanese-emulsions.com 58

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FORBO ADHESIVES LLC, SYNTHETIC POLYMERS P.O. Box 110447 Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-0447 (800) 711-2415; (800) 711-2405 Fax: (877) 902-4569 Email: [email protected] Website: www.forbo.com

also Introduction to Fillers, and Extenders and Fillers-Kaolin and Other Clays.

PIGMENTS AND DYES, DRY/DISPERSIONS AND EXTENDERS

CALCIUM CARBONATE (NATURAL GROUND) Coarser grades of calcium carbonate are used for gloss control in matte and low-gloss products.

EXTENDER PIGMENTS Extender pigments are usually chemically inert compounds that can be found naturally or are made synthetically. Extenders provide characteristics to pigments such as thickness, gloss and durability. See also Extenders and Fillers, and Pigment Dispersions. KISH COMPANY INC. 8020 Tyler Blvd., Ste. #100 Mentor, OH 44060 (440) 205-9970 Fax: (440) 205-9975 Email: [email protected] Website: www.kishcompany.com LINTECH INTERNATIONAL LLC 7705 N.E. Industrial Blvd. Macon, GA 31216 (800) 652-9297; (478) 784-1900 Fax: (478) 784-1745 Email: [email protected] Website: www.lintechinternational.com UNIMIN SPECIALTY MINERALS INC. 258 Elm St. New Canaan, CT 06840 (618) 747-2311 Fax: (618) 747-9318 Email: [email protected]

ALUMINA TRIHYDRATE Alumina trihydrate, known as ATH or hydrated alumina, is a nontoxic, non-corrosive flame retardant and smoke suppressant used in elastomeric applications.

HUBER ENGINEERED MATERIALS 1000 Parkwood Cir., Ste. 1000 Atlanta, GA 30339 (866) 564-8237 Fax: (678) 247-2797 Email: [email protected] Website: hubermaterials.com

ALUMINUM SILICATE Kaolin, often called China clay, is a pure form of hydrated aluminum silicate clay and is best known as the precursor of porcelain. When used as a filler in rubbers, coatings, sealants or adhesives, its hydrophobic nature leads to a lowering of moisture absorption and an increase in dielectric strength. See

www.adhesivesmag.com/materialshandbook

UNIMIN SPECIALTY MINERALS INC. 258 Elm St. New Canaan, CT 06840 (618) 747-2311 Fax: (618) 747-9318 Email: [email protected]

HUBER ENGINEERED MATERIALS 1000 Parkwood Cir., Ste. 1000 Atlanta, GA 30339 (866) 564-8237 Fax: (678) 247-2797 Email: [email protected] Website: hubermaterials.com

CARBON BLACK CAS REGISTRY NUMBER: 1333-86-4 Carbon black is essentially synthetic soot produced by the incomplete combustion of natural gas. Its major use is as a reinforcing filler and pigment for rubber compounds, the largest application being in tires. See also Introduction to Fillers. EMERALD PERFORMANCE MATERIALS, HILTON DAVIS-SPECIALTIES GROUP 2235 Langdon Farm Rd. Cincinnati, OH 45287 (513) 841-4000; (800) 477-1022 Email: [email protected] Website: www.emeraldmaterials.com

CHINA CLAY Often referred to as kaolins, these materials are essentially a pure form of aluminum silicate clay. Finely ground versions are used as reinforcements and fillers for rubbers and adhesives. See also Introduction to Fillers, and Extender Pigments-Aluminum Silicate. UNIMIN SPECIALTY MINERALS INC. 258 Elm St. New Canaan, CT 06840 (618) 747-2311 Fax: (618) 747-9318 Email: [email protected]

MICA Mica is a silicate mineral in which the silicate structure is a series of tetrahedral-octahedraltetrahedral layers where aluminum is substituted practically for silicon in the silicate tetrahedral structure. This substitution leaves the system open for additional substitution of monovalent or divalent cations to balance charge deficiencies created by the aluminumfor-silicon substitution. Mica powder, or flake, is March 2011

used as a filler in plastics or resins like epoxies and phenolics, where it imparts excellent electrical insulation properties plus chemical and moisture resistance. The color ranges from nearly neutral to dark gray, and can be clear to translucent depending on the nature of the cationic substitution in the mineral structure. Mica is characterized by its propensity to break off into thin sheets or platelets. It is this platy or layered nature of the mineral that benefits adhesives and sealants. The plates form an interconnected structure that provides additional strength to the adhesive or sealant. Mica can be mined or produced synthetically. See also Introduction to Fillers, and Extenders and Fillers.

IMERYS, NORTH AMERICA CERAMICS 100 Mansell Ct. E., Ste. 300 Roswell, GA 30076 (770) 645-3705; (803) 593-2511 Fax: (770) 645-3460 Email: [email protected] Website: www.imerys-ceramics.com

March 2011

SILICA, QUARTZ AND DIATOMACEOUS Quartz silica is a colorless, white, variable, black, purple, or green crystal. It is odorless and will not burn. A form of hydrous silica, diatomaceous silica is processed from natural diatomate, a sedimentary rock of varying degrees of consolidation that is composed essentially of the fossilized siliceous skeletal remains of single-cell aquatic plant organisms called diatoms. It consists of 83-89% silica, and its many uses include fillers for plastics. Known as diatomaceous earth, it has a particle size of 6 to 10 μm. UNIMIN SPECIALTY MINERALS INC. 258 Elm St. New Canaan, CT 06840 (618) 747-2311 Fax: (618) 747-9318 Email: [email protected]

TALC Materials such as talc and clay can be used in hot-melt adhesives to control the melt viscosity of the hot melt and to opacify the material. Most often, they are added to reduce the manufacturing cost of the formulated adhesive. See also Extender Pigments-Talc, Extenders and Fillers, and Introduction to Fillers.

D. B. BECKER CO. INC. 46 Leigh St. Clinton, NJ 08809-1267 (908) 730-6010 Fax: (908) 730-9118 Email: [email protected] Website: www.dbbecker.com

TITANIUM DIOXIDE CAS REGISTRY NUMBER: 13463-67-7 Titanium dioxide is a white pigment and filler produced mainly from ilmenite (iron titanate) and natural rutile (titanium dioxide). It is widely used in adhesives, paints, paper, plastics, ceramics, rubber, inks and a variety of other products. See also Extenders and Fillers, and Introduction to Fillers.

WEGO CHEMICAL & MINERAL CORP. 239 Great Neck Rd. Great Neck, NY 11021 (516) 487-3510 Fax: (516) 487-3794 Email: [email protected] Website: www.wegochem.com

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RAW MATERIALS, CHEMICALS, POLYMERS AND ADDITIVES HANDBOOK INORGANIC PIGMENT DISPERSIONS — PERCHLOROETHYLENE INORGANIC PIGMENT DISPERSIONS Pigment dispersions that comprise inorganic pigments. EMERALD PERFORMANCE MATERIALS, HILTON DAVIS-SPECIALTIES GROUP 2235 Langdon Farm Rd. Cincinnati, OH 45287 (513) 841-4000; (800) 477-1022 Email: [email protected] Website: www.emeraldmaterials.com

REITECH CORPORATION 3146 Marion Ave. Reading, PA 19605-2746 (610) 929-9451 Fax: (610) 921-9788 Email: [email protected] Website: www.reitechcorporation.com

INORGANIC PIGMENTS CAS REGISTRY NUMBER: 10294-40-3 Inorganic pigments are mainly useful where high opacity is needed. They can also protect against heat, light and weather, and offer light and ink stability. These pigments include carbonates, sulfides, silicates, chromates, metallic oxides, sulfates, ferrocyanides and carbon. Basically, they can be broken down into two categories: white and colored iron oxides. See also Organic Pigments. EMERALD PERFORMANCE MATERIALS, HILTON DAVIS-SPECIALTIES GROUP 2235 Langdon Farm Rd. Cincinnati, OH 45287 (513) 841-4000; (800) 477-1022 Email: [email protected] Website: www.emeraldmaterials.com WEGO CHEMICAL & MINERAL CORP. 239 Great Neck Rd. Great Neck, NY 11021 (516) 487-3510 Fax: (516) 487-3794 Email: [email protected] Website: www.wegochem.com

LITHOPONES CAS REGISTRY NUMBER: 1345-05-7 A white pigment consisting of a mixture of zinc sulfide (ZnS), barium sulfate (BaSO4) and some zinc oxide (ZnO), and prepared by the cross-precipitation of zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) and barium sulfide (BaS), plus the addition of heat. Lithopones are extended versions of cadmium pigments and are used as colorants for adhesives. In addition to its use as a pigment, it can also be used as a filler.

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WEGO CHEMICAL & MINERAL CORP. 239 Great Neck Rd. Great Neck, NY 11021 (516) 487-3510 Fax: (516) 487-3794 Email: [email protected] Website: www.wegochem.com

ORGANIC PIGMENT DISPERSIONS Pigment dispersions are very popular in various industries. They can prove to be a clean and cost-effective way of coloring many products. The basic idea is to take an organic/ inorganic pigment and disperse it into a liquid solution made up of a resin (or surfactant) and solvent (or water/oil/other carrier). The process involves a pre-mix (all the ingredients mixed together using a high-speed mixer) being passed through a bead mill (a horizontal or vertical chamber filled with tiny beads being agitated) until the required level of dispersion is achieved. The amount of dispersion required will also depend on the ingredients being used and the end application. See also Organic Pigments. EMERALD PERFORMANCE MATERIALS, HILTON DAVIS-SPECIALTIES GROUP 2235 Langdon Farm Rd. Cincinnati, OH 45287 (513) 841-4000; (800) 477-1022 Email: [email protected] Website: www.emeraldmaterials.com LINTECH INTERNATIONAL LLC 7705 N.E. Industrial Blvd. Macon, GA 31216 (800) 652-9297; (478) 784-1900 Fax: (478) 784-1745 Email: [email protected] Website: www.lintechinternational.com

REITECH CORPORATION 3146 Marion Ave. Reading, PA 19605-2746 (610) 929-9451 Fax: (610) 921-9788 Email: [email protected] Website: www.reitechcorporation.com

ORGANIC PIGMENTS Organic pigments combine high tinting strength with brilliance of shade, and cover practically the whole spectrum. They are typically used in combination with titanium dioxide and/or inorganic pigments that contribute opacity. Small quantities of carbon black are often added as a shading component. Organic pigments cover the whole range of performance requirements for a wide range of polymers. Increasing performance is seen when moving from the classical pigment

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through the phthalocyanine pigment to the high-performance pigment ranges. See also Inorganic Pigments. EMERALD PERFORMANCE MATERIALS, HILTON DAVIS-SPECIALTIES GROUP 2235 Langdon Farm Rd. Cincinnati, OH 45287 (513) 841-4000; (800) 477-1022 Email: [email protected] Website: www.emeraldmaterials.com WEGO CHEMICAL & MINERAL CORP. 239 Great Neck Rd. Great Neck, NY 11021 (516) 487-3510 Fax: (516) 487-3794 Email: [email protected] Website: www.wegochem.com

PIGMENT DISPERSIONS Certain pigments are affected by heat (when they will change color), and so a check is necessary on the heat stability of the colors chosen relative to the manufacturing process and end use. Pigments can contain a metal, which might deteriorate the elastomer used, calling either for the use of a chelating agent or the selection of an alternate pigment. Dispersing a pigment directly into an adhesive can be difficult, and is better performed either by pre-dispersing the pigment in a suitable carrier with the use of a commercial dispersing agent or by using commercially pre-dispersed pigment systems. See also Introduction to Fillers. EMERALD PERFORMANCE MATERIALS, HILTON DAVIS-SPECIALTIES GROUP 2235 Langdon Farm Rd. Cincinnati, OH 45287 (513) 841-4000; (800) 477-1022 Email: [email protected] Website: www.emeraldmaterials.com PLASTICOLORS INC. 2600 Michigan Ave. Ashtabula, OH 44004 (440) 997-5137 Fax: (440) 992-3613 Email: [email protected] Website: www.plasticolors.com

REITECH CORPORATION 3146 Marion Ave. Reading, PA 19605-2746 (610) 929-9451 Fax: (610) 921-9788 Email: [email protected] Website: www.reitechcorporation.com

March 2011

ROYAL ADHESIVES & SEALANTS LLC, POLYMERS AND SPECIALTY COATINGS 863 S.E. Main St. Simpsonville, SC 29681 (800) 763-7272 Fax: (800) 825-4583 Email: [email protected]

TITANIUM DIOXIDE Titanium dioxide is a white pigment and filler produced mainly from ilmenite (iron titanate) and natural rutile (titanium dioxide). It is widely used in adhesives, paints, paper, plastics, ceramics, rubber, inks and a variety of other products. See also Extenders and Fillers, and Introduction to Fillers. WEGO CHEMICAL & MINERAL CORP. 239 Great Neck Rd. Great Neck, NY 11021 (516) 487-3510 Fax: (516) 487-3794 Email: [email protected] Website: www.wegochem.com

ZINC OXIDE CAS REGISTRY NUMBER: 1314-13-2 This fine-particle-size mineral is a white powder widely used as a pigment and accelerator. It is an excellent UV absorber and valued as an additive for outdoor applications.2 See also Introduction to Fillers.

TECHNICAL INDUSTRIES INC. P.O. Box 65, 217 Church St. Peace Dale, RI 02883-0065 (401) 783-5887 Fax: (401) 789-2270 Email: [email protected] Website: www.tidispersion.com

SOLVENTS ETHYL ETHER A colorless and extremely flammable solvent. WEGO CHEMICAL & MINERAL CORP. 239 Great Neck Rd. Great Neck, NY 11021 (516) 487-3510 Fax: (516) 487-3794 Email: [email protected] Website: www.wegochem.com

N-METHYL-2-PYRROLIDONE N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone and its derivatives are used as intermediates for the synthesis of agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, textile auxiliaries, plasticizers, stabilizers and specialty inks.

March 2011

INTERNATIONAL SPECIALTY PRODUCTS, PERFORMANCE CHEMICALS 1361 Alps Rd. Wayne, NJ 07470 (973) 628-3174 Fax: (973) 628-3812 Email: [email protected] Website: www.ispcorp.com

NITROMETHANE CAS REGISTRY NUMBER: 75-52-5 Nitromethane is a volatile liquid that is added in small amounts to many halogenated solvents and aerosol propellants as a stabilizer. It is also used as a polar solvent for certain polymers and resins. WEGO CHEMICAL & MINERAL CORP. 239 Great Neck Rd. Great Neck, NY 11021 (516) 487-3510 Fax: (516) 487-3794 Email: [email protected] Website: www.wegochem.com

NITROPARAFFINS The basic nitroparaffins are characterized by a nitro group (NO2) attached to a one-, two- or

three-member carbon chain. Some of the nitroparaffins functions include agricultural and pharmaceutical intermediates, specialty solvents for coatings or industrial processes, and fuel and fuel additives. WEGO CHEMICAL & MINERAL CORP. 239 Great Neck Rd. Great Neck, NY 11021 (516) 487-3510 Fax: (516) 487-3794 Email: [email protected] Website: www.wegochem.com

PERCHLOROETHYLENE Perchloroethylene (PERC) is a colorless, nonflammable liquid. It can be added to aerosol formulations, solvent soaps, printing inks, adhesives, sealants, polishes, lubricants, and silicones. WEGO CHEMICAL & MINERAL CORP. 239 Great Neck Rd. Great Neck, NY 11021 (516) 487-3510 Fax: (516) 487-3794 Email: [email protected] Website: www.wegochem.com

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER: 288-47-1

THIAZOLES ....................................... 28

9000-11-7

CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE ......... 46

97-77-8

THIURAM SULFIDES ......................... 28

9002-89-5

POLYVINYL ALCOHOLS...................... 46

61789-51-3

ADHESION PROMOTERS ................... 28

25035-69-2

POLYMER EMULSION........................ 49

7803-62-5

SILANE ............................................. 30

9011-14-7

ESTER .............................................. 51

9000-11-7

CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE ......... 30

9003-08-1

MELAMINE AND MELAMINETYPE RESINS.................................... 52

9000-71-9

CASEIN ............................................. 32 9006-04-6

NATURAL RUBBER............................ 52

9002-89-5

POLYVINYL ALCOHOL ........................ 32 25038-54-4

POLYAMIDE RESINS.......................... 53

9016-45-9

DEFOAMERS .................................... 33 9003-17-2

POLYBUTADIENES............................. 53

2595510

ELASTOMERS ................................... 34 9002-88-4

POLYETHYLENE ................................ 56

50-70-4

SORBITOL ......................................... 36 9000-71-9

CASEIN ............................................. 56

461-58-5

DICYANDIAMIDE ............................... 36 8050-26-8

ROSIN ESTERS ................................. 56

62-56-6

THIOUREA ........................................ 36 9003-55-8

STYRENE BUTADIENE RUBBER......... 56

120-55-8

DIETHYLENE GLYCOL DIBENZOATE..................................... 39

9003-22-9

VINYL RESINS .................................. 57

9003-20-7

POLYVINYL ACETATE ......................... 57

9002-89-5

POLYVINYL ALCOHOL ........................ 57

1333-86-4

CARBON BLACK ............................... 58

13463-67-7

TITANIUM DIOXIDE ........................... 59

10294-40-3

INORGANIC PIGMENTS ..................... 60

1345-05-7

LITHOPONES .................................... 60

1314-13-2

ZINC OXIDE....................................... 61

75-52-5

NITROMETHANE ............................... 61

27138-31-4

DIPROPYLENE GLYCOL DIBENZOATE..................................... 39

14265-44-2

PHOSPHATES ................................... 39

65-85-0

BENZOIC ACID .................................. 40

108-95-2

PHENOLS ......................................... 40

532-32-1

SODIUM BENZOATE .......................... 40

7681-49-4

SODIUM FLUORIDES......................... 40

9084-06-4

DISPERSING AGENTS ....................... 45

8050-09-7

TACKIFIERS ...................................... 45

Adhesives & Sealants Industry

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ASI 2011

RAW MATERIALS, CHEMICALS, POLYMERS AND ADDITIVES HANDBOOK APPENDIX ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ASI greatly appreciates the help of those who contributed to the preparation of the Raw Materials, Chemicals, Polymers and Additives Handbook and are cited in the following appendix. Technical References 1. Gierenz, G. and Karmann, K. (Editors). “Adhesives and Adhesive Tapes.” Wiley-VCH. 2001. For information, call (212) 850-6336. 2. Johnston, John. Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tapes: A Guide to Their Function, Design, Manufacture, and Use. Pressure Sensitive Tape Council (PSTC). 2000. For information, visit www. pstc.org/publications/ 3. Pocius, Alphonsus V. Adhesion and Adhesive Technology, An Introduction, 2nd Edition. Hanser Gardner Publications. 2002. For information, visit www.hansergardner.com. 4. PSTC Tape University: PSA 101; Fundamentals of Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Tapes, Sept. 9-10, 2002, Chicago. Copyright 2002 by Pressure Sensitive Tape Council. 5. Ritter, George. Edison Welding Institute. “Surface Preparation for Assembly,” presented at Adhesives for Product Assembly Symposium, June 18-19, 2001, Troy, MI. Sponsored by ASI and The Adhesive and Sealant Council, Inc.

Dielectric Polymers, 218 Race St., Box 110, Holyoke, MA 01040; phone (800) 628-9007; fax (413) 5339316; www.dipoly.com Dow Chemical Co. website — www.dow.com DSM website — www.dsm.com Dunckley, Peter M. Eastman Chemical Co., P.O. Box 431, Kingsport, TN 37662; phone (423) 229-1885; fax (423) 229-1064; www.materialsforadhesives.com Dunn, David. bms North America Inc., 242 Trails End, Aurora, OH 44202; phone (330) 562-2930; fax (253) 681-8460; e-mail drdave242@windstream. net; www.fldenterprises.com Dynaloy Inc., 1910 S. State Ave., Indianapolis, IN 46203; phone (317) 788-5694; fax (317) 788-5690; www.dynaloy.com Eastman website — www.eastman.com EC Plaza Global website — www.ecplaza.net/ product/87235_237435/pentaerythritol_esters.html

The Freedonia Group Inc. “U.S. Demand for Electronic Polymer Products to Expand 6.4% Annually Through 2005,” ASI, May 2002, p. 26.

Allchem Industrial website — www.allchem.co.uk

International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) website — www.iarc.fr

BP Chemicals website — www.bpchemicals.com Carnegie Mellon Department of Chemistry website — www.chem.cmu.edu Celanese Chemicals website — www.celanesechemicals.us Channeled Resources Inc., 935 W. Chestnut St., Ste. 305, Chicago, IL 60622; phone (312) 733-4200; fax 312-733-1628; www.channeledresources.com ChemicalLand21.com website — www.chemicalland21.com The Chemical Co., P.O. Box 436, 19 Narragansett Ave., Jamestown, RI 02835; phone (401) 423-3100 or (207) 647-2662; fax (401) 423-3102 or (207) 647-9554; www.thechemco.com ChemSoc website — www.chemsoc.org Colloidal Dynamics website — www.colloidal-dynamics.com Composite Materials website — http://composite.about.com/ Davis, Richey M., Self-Assembly of Polymers at Interfaces, Department of Chemical Engineering, 130 Randolph Hall, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061; phone (540) 231-4578; e-mail [email protected] 62

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PolyurethaneWeb.com website — www.polyurethaneweb.com Reichhold website — www.reichhold.com Reisch, John. Soluol Chemical Co. Inc., P.O. Box 112, West Warwick, RI 02893; phone (401) 821-8100; fax (401) 823-6673; www.soluol.com Resinall Corp. website — www.resinall.com Resinas Sinteticas website — www.resinas.com

Rossignoli, Paul. AT Plastics Inc., 142 Kennedy Rd. South, Brampton, ON, L6W 3G4, Canada; phone (614) 873-0688; fax (800) 769-6721; www.atplas.com

IndiaMART website — www.indiamart.com

ATSDR website — www.atsdr.cdc.gov

Polyols and Polymers website — www.polyolsandpolymers.com

Expancel Inc., 2240 Northmont Parkway, Duluth, GA 30096; phone (678) 775-5102; fax (770) 813-8639; www.expancel.com

Albemarle Corp. website — www.albemarle.com

Arancia Corn Products website — www.aracornproducts.com

Paramelt Costerstraat website — www.paramelt.com

Rhein Chemie website — www.rheinchemieus.com

Other Resources

Aquatrols website — www.aquatrols.com

Oxley, Gregory. Air Products and Chemicals Inc., 7201 Hamilton Blvd., Allentown, PA 18195-1501; phone (610) 481-6799; fax (610) 481-4381; www.airproducts.com

Etherington & Roberts Dictionary Website — http://palimpsest.stanford.edu

G.R. O'Shea Co. website — www.groshea.com/ caschem/poly.html

Answers.com website — www.answers.com/topic/ castor-oil

Ondeo Nalco website — www.ondeo-nalco.com

Intota, a division of Sopheon, formerly known as Teltech Resource Network Corp., Minneapolis; website http://biospace.intota.com ISP Corp. website — www.ispcorp.com Kerr, Stuart. Rhodia Inc., P.O. Box 11674, Rock Hill, SC 29731-1674; phone (803) 329-5260, ext. 238; fax (803) 329-5269; www.silicones.us.rhodia.com. Information from a presentation made at RADTECH 2002, Indianapolis. Copyright © 2002, RadTech International NA KOLON website — www.ikolon.com LANXESS website — www.lanxess.com Leach, Bill. K-T Clay Co., 1441 Donelson Pike, Nashville, TN 37217; phone (615) 365-0852; fax (615) 365-0842; www.k-tclay.com Loos and Dilworth website — www.loosanddilworth.com Lyondell website — www.lyondell.com Medical Devicelink website — www.devicelink.com Micro Powders website — www.micropowders.com Millennium Chemicals website — www.milleniumchem.com Moore & Munger Inc. website — www.mooremunger.com Newburgh Specialized Chemicals website — http://www.newburgh.ca/s_13.asp

Rohm and Haas Co. website — www.rohmhaas.com

RÜTGERS VFT AG website — www.novares.de Sartomer Co., 502 Thomas Jones Way, Exton, PA 19341; (610) 363-4100; fax (610) 363-4140; www.sartomer.com Sharon Chemicals and Trade Co. Ltd. website — www.i-sctc.com Sherwin-Williams website — www.sherwin-williams.com Shields, Karen. Polar Minerals Inc., 2005 Newpoint Place Pkwy., Lawrenceville, GA 30043; phone (770) 513-4442; fax (770) 513-8886; www.polarminerals.com SpecialChem website — www.specialchem4polymers.com Süd-Chemie Rheologicals and Performance Additives. P.O. Box 32370, Louisville, KY 40232; phone (502) 634-7500; fax (502) 634-7727; www.rheologicals.com The ChemQuest Group Inc., 8l50 Corporate Park Drive, Suite 250, Cincinnati, OH 45242; phone (513) 4697555; fax (513) 469-7779; www.chemquest.com The University of Southern Mississippi School of Polymers and High-Performance Materials website — www.psrc.usm.edu University of Colorado, Boulder, Chemistry and Biochemistry Dept. website — http://orgchem. colorado.edu/hndbksupport/drying/drying.html Vacc, Tony. Lorama Chemicals Inc., 221 Nipissing Dr., Milton, ON L9T 1R3, Canada; phone (905) 8782833; fax (905) 878-7732; www.lorama.com Whittaker, Clark & Daniels website — www.wcdinc.com Wiki Patents website — http://www.wikipatents.com/4300562.html Wikipedia — http://en.wikipedia.org

Northwest Dispersions Ltd. website — www.nwdispersions.freeserve.co.uk

www.adhesivesmag.com/materialshandbook

March 2011

SERVICES MARKETPLACE P R I VAT E L A B E L I N G S E R V I C E S

C O N S U LT I N G S E R V I C E S Haas Technical Consulting ........................................................................... 64

D I S T R I B U T I O N S E RV I C E S Heigl Technologies ...................................................................................... 63

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M A N U FA C T U R I N G & P R O C E S S I N G S E R V I C E S ChemLink.................................................................................................... 64 Polymeric Systems, Inc. ............................................................................... 64 Resin Lab .................................................................................................... 64

P R I VAT E L A B E L I N G S E R V I C E S The Ruscoe Company .................................................................................. 63 This index is a feature maintained for the convenience of the advertiser. It is not part of the advertiser’s contract, and ASI assumes no responsibility for its accuracy.

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March 2011

Adhesives & Sealants Industry

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65

ASK

AD INDEX

DR.DAVE

QUESTION: We are mixing adhesives in a 316 stainless steel tank but seem to be getting contamination by iron, which causes stains and stability problems in the adhesive. How can we avoid this? Do we have to use a different surface, like glass or plastic? ANSWER: No, you don’t have to use other types of tanks; stainless steel is routinely used for this type of process. You do need to ensure that free iron is not present on the tank’s surface. The corrosion resistance of stainless steel is caused by the formation of a thin layer of chromium oxide on its surface, which results from the chromium metal in the stainless steel reacting with atmospheric oxygen. However, this layer is sometimes not continuous or gets damaged during handling, thus exposing free iron. The simple method of removing this iron is to passivate the surface. Traditionally, oxidizing acids such has nitric were used for this purpose. Modern methods usually involve aqueous solutions of iron chelators such as EDTA or citric acid. I have used EDTA solutions for this in the past, but recently successfully treated stainless steel by using 10% solutions of citric acid heated to 50-60°C for 10-20 minutes. QUESTION: I have heard of the new types of acrylic adhesives for bonding low-energy plastics like polyethylene and polypropylene. Do they really work?

ASK

ANSWER: You are referring to the adhesives that are based on so-called boron alkyl chemistry. Patent literature is extensive on these types of adhesives, and several products are on the market. The answer to your question is yes, they do give very high strengths on unprepared polyolefin surfaces. However, I think it is fair to say that these adhesives have not yet achieved their full potential and require some additional development They can be expensive if large-area bonding is required, and a major limitation is that relatively long fixture times (hours) are required to attain good handling strengths. Adhesives formulated for fast fixture do not achieve high ultimate strengths.

DR.DAVE

Do You Have a Question for Dr. Dave?

Visit www.adhesivesmag.com and click on Ask Dr. Dave in the left-hand column.

Adhesive & Sealant Council, Inc.

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29

Advanced Polymer Solutions

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54

Air Products And Chemicals

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24

Applied Test Systems, Inc.

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25

Brookfield Engineering

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18

Chemquest Int’l Network

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33

Conn & Co.

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22

Connolly Bove Lodge & Hutz LLP

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Dynasol, LLC

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34

Emerald Performance Materials

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39

Evonik Degussa

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59

Evonik Industries AG

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11

ExxonMobil Chemical Co.

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47

F.L.D. Enterprises

[email protected]

38

Green Manufacturing Expo

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44

Ice USA

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9

Kraton Polymers

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7

Lanxess

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41

Merlin Packaging Technologies Inc.

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10

NuSil Technology

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Petro-Canada

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Pilot Chemical Co.

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45

PSTC

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43

Spectronics Corp.

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18

TAPPI

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35

Tech ManufactureXPO

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Turkcoat Coatings Show

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Univar USA Inc.

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4

Wacker Silicones

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31

Wacker Polymers

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55

3

IFC

IBC 37

Dr. Dave Dunn is a former vice president and director of Loctite Corp. and has spent many years troubleshooting adhesive and sealant problems in the adhesives, sealants, specialty rubbers, and plastics fields. Questions for publication should be directed to him at 242 Trails End, Aurora, OH 44202; (330) 562-2930; FAX (330) 247-1690; e-mail [email protected]; or visit www.fldenterprises.com. Any views or opinions expressed in this column are those of the author and do not represent those of Adhesives & Sealants Industry, its staff, Editorial Advisory Board or BNP Media.

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This index is a feature maintained for the convenience of the advertiser. It is not part of the advertiser’s contract, and ASI assumes no responsibility for its accuracy.

March 2011

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