Adhesives & Sealants Industry November 2011

November 2011 • Volume 18, Issue 11 • www.adhesivesmag.com

❯ Renewable Energy ❯ Sustainable Packaging ❯ Bio-Based Materials

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A Simple Suggestion to Help You Squeeze More Profit Out of Every Cartridge

Get Rid of the Cartridge Poly-clip introduces a low-cost alternative to expensive cans and pre-formed single-use cartridges. The Poly-clip foil-pack tube for lubricants, adhesives and sealants. And, because one roll of film makes thousands of tubes it offers a consistently better seal with lower equipment, materials and maintenance costs than vertical tube forming systems and heat seal closures.

Environmentally conscious consumers will appreciate the fact that an empty tube is less than 8% the size of an empty cartridge

Poly-Clip System 1000 Tower Road, Mundelein, IL 6006 s Phone (847) 949-280 s Fax (847) 949-2815 Email: [email protected] s 1-800-usa-clip (800)872-2547 s Visit our website: www.polyclip.com

796;,*;05..,50<: Connolly Bove attorneys understand your technology and how IP relates to your big picture needs.

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INNOVATION = VALUE COATINGS: Go ‘green’ with innovative binder and additive technologies.

ADHESIVES & SEALANTS:

Conserve energy in production and product use.

ELASTOMERS:

Formulate with alternative raw materials, and do it competitively.

YOUR CUSTOMERS DEMAND ENVIRONMENTALLY-FRIENDLY PRODUCTS. LET UNIVAR SHOW YOU HOW YOU CAN GO GREEN. Univar supplies the CASE industry with much more than a comprehensive line of sustainable ingredients — we can provide you with an innovative approach to your green formulation challenges, offering you technical expertise from concept to production. Consider Univar your partner in sustainable product development. We connect you to the latest materials and technologies, and help you bring environmentally-friendly products to market. Innovation, sustainability, expertise — it all adds up to value.

INNOVATION > TECHNICAL EXPERTISE > MARKETING > SALES > LOGISTICS > DISTRIBUTION

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IN THIS ISSUE ADHESIVES & SEALANTS INDUSTRY, VOLUME 18, NUMBER 11

17 20

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29 32

The North American market for adhesives and sealants is expected to grow 2.2% over the next three years.

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Editor’s Memo

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Company News

PARTNERING FOR IMPROVED WIND ENERGY PRODUCTS

9

People

It is critical that material suppliers see how they fit in the overall wind turbine supply chain.

10

Calendar

12

Regulatory Review

14

Focus On

15

Strategic Solutions

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Advancing Adhesives

EFFECTIVE AND EFFICIENT PACKAGING SOLUTIONS

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What’s New

Recent developments in sustainable packaging technology can provide many benefits.

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Product and Literature Showcase

FORMULATION FREEDOM

43

Services Marketplace

45

Classifieds

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Ask Dr. Dave

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Ad Index

GROWING THE DOMESTIC WIND INDUSTRY SUPPLY CHAIN With state policies leading the way, the wind energy industry continues to represent a business opportunity for manufacturers.

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A new amine-functional dimer technology creates formulation freedom for high-end polyamide adhesives.

SEMI-SYNTHETIC PSA GENERATED FROM ACRYLATED BIOMASS The introduction of biomass as a substitute for petroleum-based raw materials will make a significant contribution in the development of sustainable products.

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DEPARTMENTS

DEFINING EXPECTATIONS

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GREENING THE SUPPLY CHAIN The current trend toward green supply chains requires new enterprise technology. November 2011 • Volume 18, Issue 11 • www.adhesivesmag.com

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GREEN PRODUCT PROFILES A listing of green products that are offered by leading adhesive and sealant companies.

❯ Renewable Energy ❯ Sustainable Packaging ❯ Bio-Based Materials

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Cover.indd 1

10/17/11 9:49 AM

ON THE COVER: Cover design by Lindsay Leusby.

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November 2011

Adhesives & Sealants Industry

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EDITOR'S MEMO www.adhesivesmag.com

SUSTAINABLE OPPORTUNITIES

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The widespread goal of reducing both overall energy costs and U.S. dependency on foreign oil continues to provide multiple opportunities for adhesives, sealants, and coatings manufacturers. Raw materials suppliers can help provide multiple benefits for the global wind energy sector—and share in the resulting success. “The ultimate goal is to reduce the cost of energy produced by wind turbines compared to alternatives,” writes Ashland Performance Materials’ Kevin Lambrych. “Through developing better partnerships with all players along the supply chain, the material supplier has real power to add value.” Learn more about “Partnering for Improved Wind Energy Products” on pp. 20-22. Manufacturers are also seeking ways to minimize their impact on the environment, which not only plays well with consumers who are interested in “green” products, but can also actually improve the bottom line. According to Andrew Zaremba of American Sealants Inc., “The advancements in adhesive and sealant packaging help promote sustainability, decrease overall waste, create a more efficient process and generate cost savings— all while enhancing the overall product value.” Read more about “Effective and Efficient Packaging Solutions” on pp. 26-27. Incorporating bio-based materials is another option. For example, work at Croda Inc. has resulted in the development of bio-based amine-functional building blocks that can be used in a number of applications. “Formulation Freedom” (pp. 29-31) has the details. Keeping track of all of the various factors involved with ecofootprint management can be an overwhelming task. “Greening the Supply Chain” on pp. 36-39 includes information regarding how companies can take advantage of enterprise resource planning software to help them track and evaluate environmental impact data. I’d love to hear about your company’s green products and processes. Please contact me at (330) 336-4098 or suttons@bnpmedia. com to share your story.

THIS MONTH ON www.adhesivesmag.com... Green is Growing European Union member countries’ “20-20-20” targets have strong implications for the increased adoption of energy efficiency measures in commercial buildings across the continent. ASI Green Microsite We’ve gathered all of the latest industryrelated news and information regarding renewable energy, sustainability and green products, all in one place: www.adhesivesmag.com/Articles/Green. Digital Edition ASI’s digital editions are easy to read, search and download. Site visitors can also subscribe and access the archives to view past digital editions.

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Amy Vallance, Publisher — 281-550-5855, [email protected] Susan Sutton, Editor-in-Chief, Integrated Media — 330-336-4098, [email protected] Teresa McPherson, Managing Editor — 734-332-0541, [email protected] Kelsey Seidler, Associate Editor — 614-789-1881, [email protected] Lindsay Leusby, Art Director — 248-244-1735, [email protected] Kelly Southard, Production Manager — 248-244-6409, [email protected]

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Creative: Michael T. Powell Directories: Nikki Smith Human Resources: Marlene J. Witthoft Information Technology: Scott Krywko Clear Seas Research: Beth A. Surowiec

BNP Media Helps People Succeed in Business with Superior Information

November 2011

COMPANY NEWS AP PLASTICS LLC, an affiliate of Adhesives Packaging Specialties (APS), announced it is now a recognized distributor for SULZER of Salem, NH. Under this agreement, AP Plastics will develop and promote the sale of Sulzer’s product line throughout North America. For more information, visit www.adhesivepackaging.com or www.sulzerchemtech.com. AVERY DENNISON MEDICAL SOLUTIONS, a division of Avery Dennison Corp., has reported that independent testing confirmed that the new Avery Dennison Medical Solutions chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) adhesive delivery system (ADS) provides antimicrobial efficacy across a range of bacteria and yeast. These data demonstrate that the challenge of incorporating CHG within a solvent acrylic adhesive has been successfully addressed. The new CHG ADS is transparent and reportedly allows an access or incision site to be seen, a critical parameter for vascular access and post-op dressings. The formulation will ultimately lend itself to use as a transparent film dressing that will make it easier to monitor sites such as catheter insertions. Visit www.medical.averydennison.com for additional information.

The Performance Monomers business of THE DOW CHEMICAL CO. has announced a 15% increase in capacity for the production of 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate (2-EHA) at its Hahnville, LA, facility. The increase is the result of a successful debottlenecking initiative that addresses Dow’s need to increase 2-EHA capacity for its domestic customers. Additional information is available at www.dow.com. EASTMAN CHEMICAL CO. has announced a second expansion of its Benzoflex™ plasticizer line at the site in Kohtla-Järve, Estonia. The expansion will increase Benzoflex capacity at the site by an additional 11,000 metric tons and is expected to be completed by the end of the 2012 second quarter. The company also announced plans for expansion of the Benzoflex plasticizers and Admex™ polymeric plasticizers lines at its Chestertown, MD, and Kingsport, TN, sites. The total capacity for the expansions in North America is approximately 9,000 metric tons and is also expected to be completed by the end of the second quarter of 2012. For further details, visit www. eastman.com. 8

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ANNOUNCEMENT PENN STATE RECEIVES $1.75 MILLION FOR ADVANCED TURBINE LAB Penn State University recently announced it has received a $1.75 million gift from United Technologies Corp. (UTC) to help build the most advanced turbine testing facility in the U.S. Officials from UTC’s Pratt & Whitney division presented a $500,000 check to Penn State President Graham Spanier on September 23 as the second installment of the promised $1.75 million for the facility. The laboratory, which also is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), will allow a level of testing not available anywhere else, according to Karen Thole, professor and head of mechanical and nuclear engineering. She explained that rotating and stationary airfoil components in gas turbine engines have gaps at the interfaces. Significant losses in turbine efficiencies occur for both aircraft and power generation turbines because of the leakages from these gaps, which translates to a need for more fuel. Through this research, she said, there is the potential to reduce crude oil savings of about 25 million barrels per year and an associated reduction of greenhouse gas emissions of 10 million metric tons per year. The new facility, to be housed at Cato Park near the University Park campus, will give researchers the opportunity to simulate and test a new generation of gas turbine engines that will be more fuel efficient than today’s models. Additional details are available at www.psu.edu.

H.B. FULLER CO. announced it has partnered with GRACO INC. to provide an adhesive and equipment system for the packaging industry using its recently acquired Liquamelt® adhesive technology. The Liquamelt system is an alternative to both conventional hot and cold adhesive systems. The system can reduce adhesive use by more than 50% compared with traditional hot-melt adhesive technologies. Liquamelt adhesive also provides environmental benefits with its formulation, which consists of 40% sustainable raw materials. Visit www.hbfuller.com or www. graco.com for additional information. HUNTSMAN CORP. announced it will invest approximately $40 million to build a new Asia Pacific Regional Technology Center (ATC) in Shanghai’s Minhang Economic & Technological Development Zone to support the rapidly growing demand for world-class technology and innovation from customers across the Asia-Pacific region. The state-of-the-art facility will comprise machine halls, laboratories and offices, accommodating up to 400 technical experts. It will replace the existing Technology Center, located nearby, which first opened in September 2008. The new facility will complement existing Technology Centers in The Woodlands, TX, and Brussels, Belgium, as well as smaller regional centers. Construction for the new ATC is expected to begin in January, with completion planned for mid-2013. In parallel, part of the existing Technology Center

will be converted into an auditorium and display area, which together with the new facility will form an integrated technology and innovation campus. For more information, visit www.huntsman.com. For the second consecutive year, OWENS CORNING has been named to the Dow Jones Sustainability World Index (DJSI World Index) in recognition of its sustainability initiatives. Composed of global sustainability leaders, the DJSI World Index is an elite listing of the top 10% of the world’s 2,500 largest companies based on long-term economic, environmental and social criteria. For more information, visit www.sustainability.owenscorning.com. PPG INDUSTRIES announced it is increasing its global precipitated silica production capacity by more than 18,000 tons per year in response to growing global demand. The capacity expansion includes projects at PPG’s Lake Charles, LA, and Delfzijl, Netherlands, manufacturing locations. Additional details are available at www.ppg.com. UNIVAR INC. announced that it has invested in upgraded facilities in Italy to service its agreement with SAFECHEM Europe GmbH, a wholly owned subsidiary of The Dow Chemical Co. As part of its agreement with SAFECHEM, Univar manages the delivery, handling and withdrawal of chlorinated solvents, and promotes t h e S A F E - TA I N E R ™ s y s t e m f r o m SAFECHEM to eliminate any risks that November 2011

ment and expansion of existing platform products for the coatings marketplace.

APPLAUSE HENKEL RECEIVES EXCELLENCE AWARD Henkel recently announced it has received Rexam’s Be the Best Excellence Award in two categories (Silver Operational Excellence Level and Total Cost Reduction) as a result of the implementation of new technologies in Brazil. Henkel was the only direct material supplier to receive the highest award category of silver rating from Rexam at the annual Supplier Excellence Conference. The award was based on key performance criteria that Rexam uses to evaluate each of its strategic partners. The Silver Operational Excellence Level certificate was received in recognition of Henkel’s high standards, accuracy, and conformity to current standards in all steps of the manufacturing process. Henkel also obtained the highest score out of over 50 strategic suppliers that were audited at the beginning of 2011. For more information, visit www.henkel.com. might be associated with the transfer and storage of material. Visit www.univar.com for additional information. WISDOM ADHESIVES recently announced it has opened Wisdom Adhesives India as part of its global expansion plan. Headquartered in Mumbai, Wisdom Adhesives India provides hot-melt and water-based products for the packaging, converting, bookbinding, and graphic arts industries in India. The Wisdom Adhesives India team was started by Advance Chemicals under the leadership of Kunal Jhaveri, who brings years of experience in adhesive development. For more information, visit www. wisdomadhesives.com.

PEOPLE OK International recently named MIGUEL CARBAJAL R e g i o n a l S a l e s manager for Mexico. An industry veteran with over 18 years of sales experience in the electronics assembly marketplace, Carbajal most recently

owned and operated a local representative company. He will report to Brian Langley, director of Sales, Americas, and be responsible for the sales of all OKi and Metcal brand products. Kraton Performance Polymers Inc. recently announced the appointment of ANNA CHENG CATALANO to its Board of Directors. She currently serves on the boards of Willis Group Holdings, Mead Johnson Nutrition and Chemtura Corp., and is an advisory board member of the Kellogg Innovation Network of Northwestern University. Plasticolors Inc. recently appointed MARGARET DVORAK to the position of Product Development Specialist. In her new position, Dvorak will provide technical expertise for the development of new products for the marketplace and technical program support for coatings customers. The company also appointed ANDREW LOCY a chemist within the Coatings Technical Group. In his new position, he will provide direct support for the develop-

PPG Industries recently announced it has named DIANE KAPPAS vice president of Environment, Health and Safety (EHS), effective Oct. 1. She will report to Michael H. McGarry, senior vice president of Commodity Chemicals. Kappas succeeds JOHN RICHTER , who has been named vice president of operations for Coatings, Asia/Pacific, at PPG’s China headquarters in Shanghai. Dow Coating Materials, a global business unit of The Dow Chemical Co., has appointed MICHAEL LEWIS to the position of West Coast Sales manager. In his new role, he is responsible for advancing all aspects of Dow Coating Materials’ sales operations across the western region of North America. Cray Valley recently announced it has promoted CHARLES MATEER to director for Adhesive products. He is responsible for the company’s products that are used in applications such as label and tape, adhesives, and insolating glass sealants. Owens Corning recently announced that JOHN D. WILLIAMS , president and CEO of Domtar Corp., has been elected to the company’s Board of Directors, effective November 30. Williams has served as president and CEO and a director of Domtar since joining the company in 2009. He previously held senior executive positions with SCA Packaging Ltd. and SCA Packaging Europe, and served as president of SCA Packaging Europe.

CREATING TOMORROW’S SOLUTIONS

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Regardless of whether you need a quick WACKER solution “down under” or if your desk is “snowed under”: WACKER E-Solutions can help you. You can order products, discuss issues with colleagues and experts worldwide and develop joint solutions – quickly, reliably and highly efficiently. And at the other end of the fast connection, you always know there will be a real person waiting. www.wacker.com/e-business

November 2011

Adhesives & Sealants Industry

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COMPANY NEWS CALENDAR NOVEMBER 1-3

2011 CHEM SHOW; New York, NY; www.chemshow.com

9-10 The Composites Engineering Show; Birmingham, UK; www.compositesexhibition.com 9-10 Informex Asia; Suntec, Singapore; www.asia. informex.com

21-23 Abrafati 2011; Sao Paolo, Brazil; www. abrafati2011.com.br/index_engl.html

26-29 Adhesion Society Annual Meeting and Expo; New Orleans, LA; www.adhesionsociety.org

FEBRUARY 2012

MARCH

14-16 Green Manufacturing Expo West; Anaheim, CA; www.canontradeshows.com/expo/gmx11/ ana_event.html

11-16 Pittcon 2012; Orlando, FL; (800) 825-3221, ext. 203; www.pittcon.org 27-29 Westec; Los Angeles, CA; www.westeconline.com

21-23 Composites 2012; Las Vegas, NV; www.acmashow.org

APRIL 15-17 ASC Spring Convention; Denver, CO; www.ascouncil.org

A word from our customers: "Merlin's flexibility is remarkable. They stock our material and can turn on a dime when our requirements change. They always ship quickly, and more than once have responded to emergencies with next-day delivery. Nice people that are easy to work with. Overall, Merlin is an excellent supplier." B. S. Specialty polymer supplier Merlin customer for 9 years

"Merlin is extremely qualityconscious, with fast delivery and excellent attention to detail. They've given us the opportunity to be competitive on smaller orders by downpacking drums into custom cartridges. Our sales have grown steadily, thanks in no small part to Merlin Packaging."

18-19 NanoManufacturing Conference & Exhibits; Boston, MA; www.sme.org/cgi-bin/get-event.pl?-002081-000007-home--SME30-5/4 PSTC Week of Learning; Boston, MA; www.pstc.org

MAY 2-3

Green Manufacturing Expo; Charlotte, NC; www. canontradeshows.com/expo/gmx11/tx_event.html

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TAPPI European PLACE Conference; Seattle, WA; www.tappi.org

7-10 American Coatings Show 2012; Indianapolis, IN; www.american-coatings-show.com 15-17 CISILE 2012; Beijing, China; www.cisile.com.cn/en

Eric Watson Purchasing Supervisor Rudolph Brothers & Co. Merlin customer for 10 years Merlin provides accurate filling of dual cartridges, syringes, pouches, mixed frozen, and many other packaging options. For fast delivery of big or small orders of quality custom packaging, call Merlin Packaging Technologies today.

21-24 PPS Americas Conference 2012; Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada; www.pps2012.mie.utoronto.ca/ Home/Home.html

JUNE 19-21 AAT Expo; Rosemont, IL; www.aatexpo.com

JULY 10-12 SEMICON® West; San Francisco, CA; www.semiconwest.org

SEPTEMBER 18-21 8th World Adhesives & Sealants Conference (WAC2012); Paris; www.feica.eu.

OCTOBER 7-9

861 Taylor Road, Suite E

Gahanna, OH 43230 Toll-free: 888-648-7878 [email protected] www.merlinpackaging.com

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ASC Fall Convention; Louisville, KY; www.ascouncil.org

11-14 Turkchem Chem Show Eurasia; Istanbul, Turkey; www.turkchem.net For a more detailed listing, visit www.adhesivesmag.com.

November 2011

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REGULATORY REVIEW

THE IMPACT OF UNCERTAIN CHEMICAL REGULATION Regulatory changes will have a strong effect on the adhesives and sealants industry. By Michael Schmeida, LEED® AP, Manager of Sustainable Programs, Tremco, Inc.

hile preparing for a recent conference, I had to recount the various pending and proposed regulations that impact chemicals we use in our industry. It became clear that many major chemical platforms in the adhesives and sealants industry will face significant regulatory challenges in the next several years.

W

CURRENTLY AFFECTED MARKETS/ TECHNOLOGIES One technology that is currently impacted by regulatory changes is acrylic latexes. Formaldehyde is a common 12

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byproduct and trace material in much of the commercially available acrylic latex on the market today. Restrictions on formaldehyde in binders and adhesives in wood, carpeting, and other products are widely known. Recently, formaldehyde has been labeled as a known human carcinogen, and formaldehydefree latexes have become more available as alternatives. These steps mark the likely beginning of a formaldehyde “phase-out” process. Another technology of concern is isocyanates, which are used in urethane chemistry. The Environmental

P r o t e c t i o n A g e n c y ( E PA ) h a s established a Chemical Action Plan (CAP) to gather information and determine a regulatory pathway for two isocyanates: methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) and toluene diisocyanate (TDI). While we can only speculate what will happen in the future, it is highly probable that levels of these isocyanates in their free form in consumer products will eventually face increased regulation and more stringent labeling requirements. Many industry experts believe this may be the “beginning of the end” for TDI in adhesives and sealants of various types (though phase-outs would take many years) and that free-MDI is also facing an end in many products. Cyclosiloxanes are also coming under scrutiny. Environment Canada is looking to begin monitoring programs, and it is known that the EPA will soon institute a CAP on these as well. According to Environment Canada, sealants are one of several categories of consumer products, including personal care products or dry cleaning operations products, that are significant sources of cyclosiloxanes in the environment. Because these common goods have such a high degree of consumer exposure, regulations will likely be placed on them before other, less prevalent uses. Phthalates, another widely used class of compounds, are also under close examination. The EPA announced a CAP last year on eight phthalates and began work this summer on a full alternatives assessment program of these materials in a host of applications. While clear scientific data regarding health concerns is available for some phthalates, all phthalates have been generally lumped together as “bad actors.” Three in particular (benzyl butyl phthalate, dioctyl phthalate and dibutyl phthalate) will be all but banned in Europe under REACH by the middle of the decade due to extreme regulatory burden being placed on their use. Testing, labeling and registration requirements have become prohibitively expensive for companies wishing to sell products with these phthalates in them. The EPA is taking note of events in Europe. But how long will these three phthalates remain commercially viable in the U.S. remains to be seen until the CAP is worked through. November 2011

Last, but certainly not least, volatile o r g a n i c c o m p o u n d s ( VO C s ) h a v e been and will continue to be a major regulatory concern for every industry, including sealants and adhesives. The EPA will be examining VOC regulations in the future—certainly under the guise of ozone control, but also potentially as they indirectly contribute to greenhouse gases. The State of California and the air districts therein have examined consumer and architectural products for many years, and changes to the California Air Resource Board (CARB) consumer product rule are presently taking place. However, VOC regulation is evolving into volatile organic emissions (VOE). CARB has stated that the best measure for indoor air quality is VOE, and VOE is referenced in the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design program (LEED), the International Green Construction Code (IgCC), the Living Building Challenge, and The California High Performing Schools Program. Sooner or later, VOE will be required reporting for all of the products in the adhesives industry (where it is already somewhat common), as well as the sealants sector.

POTENTIAL ISSUES In the future, what other daily-use chemicals and ingredients have the potential to become regulatory targets? Catalysts, especially those that are organotin based, are likely candidates. Many products already have restrictive labeling requirements in Europe when elemental tin is present above 0.1%. There is no reason to believe this will not become a practice here in the U.S. Asphalt is another concern, with trace materials, such as anthracene, also becoming potential targets. Asphalt is an important chemical in some sealants (especially highway), adhesive backings for all manner of products, and many other products in the construction chemicals industry. Certain HCFC propellants in foams are currently facing phase-out in Europe—not because of the ozone layer issues of the past faced with CFC’s, but due to their global warming potential. Even xylene, a basic solvent in much of our industry, is facing a potential regulation that could restrict its use and importation. While this list does not mention every chemical under regulatory concern (or November 2011

even all possible scenarios of regulation), one thing is clear: our industry is facing a change in the chemicals we use unlike anything we have seen before. Only time will tell what will happen for certain.

been a featured speaker and author

Michael Schmeida has served as manager of Sustainable

Government Relations Committee. He has also taught at

on several occasions, addressing local, regional, and national groups. He currently serves as a task chair within ASTM E 60 and co-chair of the Adhesive and Sealant Council’s

Programs for Tremco Commercial Sealants and

The University of Akron, his two-time alma mater, on

Waterproofing in Beachwood, Ohio, since 2008. He

sustainability and green marketing. He can be reached

has been a LEED AP for over seven years, and has

at (216) 292-5058 or [email protected].

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FOCUS ON

LOPAREX PLANT BECOMES LANDFILL-FREE Waste from the plant was reduced from more than 1 million lbs. in 2008. oparex, a leading global manufacturer of release liners, recently announced that its Hammond, WI, manufacturing plant has achieved landfillfree status. This means that the company is now directing 99% of all of its waste away from landfills. The accomplishment is the latest in a series of green initiatives. In June 2010, Loparex launched a “going green” program across all of its locations in the Americas and named Jim Miller, who serves as Business Development director of the Hammond facility, as its corporate champion. In 2008, more than 1 million lbs. of waste per month was being transported to the landfill from Hammond alone. As of May 2011, waste has been reduced to 35,000 lbs. Although these numbers are not typical, the success of the Hammond plant in 2011 began a company-wide push to sustainability. Miller now heads a green team that includes seven other employees across the nation. Through a

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combined team effort that includes best practices, cross-functional ideas, and help from outside the organization, the team has begun to make a difference on the Loparex Green initiatives. Miller estimates that 20% of his time is devoted to green initiatives and that 10% of the other members’ time is set aside for green tasks and data generation. Based on those numbers, Loparex has dedicated the equivalent of a full-time employee toward the effort. Loparex also continues to attain various green certifications such as L.I.F.E., strives for further reduction in greenhouse gases, and promotes ways to reduce waste in its corporate facilities and offices. The office recycling program includes replacing Styrofoam cups and providing each employee with water bottles and coffee mugs, using rechargeable batteries, and recycling light bulbs. For more information, visit www.loparex.com.

November 2011

STRATEGIC SOLUTIONS

2011 INDUSTRY OUTLOOK In 2011, volatility has become the norm. By Daniel S. Murad, President and CEO, The ChemQuest Group, Inc.

n the wake of a crescendo of financial market concerns over a doubledip recession, hope tends to fade. Yet the current state of the industry does not reflect such concerns. Instead, expert analysis continues to support the outlook from last year, which stated that the industry would in fact experience slow protracted growth. The 2010 analysis included four factors that would influence 2011 performance: • Slow demand • Capacity utilization (end-market customers, as well as the manufacturing base of adhesives and sealants, would increase by less than 5%) • Rising raw material costs • Return to shortages of certain raw materials Each of these factors came to fruition in 2011, and they remain the dominant challenges for the industry through 2012. In order to understand these challenges, it is useful to examine the drivers influencing each of these trends.

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Figure 1. U.S. Unemployment Rate

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor Figure 2. Industrial Production Index

DEMAND Employment is a huge economic “x factor,” as consumers account for 70% of economic activity in the U.S (see Figure 1). The Federal Reserve indicates that U.S. unemployment will not move lower than 8.0% through 2013. In addition, it will be three to five years before there is any sustained economic growth and a “normal” job market. In addition to unemployment, the loss in asset value of homes, investments and cash flow further complicates consumer behavior. With discretionary income under severe pressure, the entire value chain is negatively affected. While there have been incremental improvements in 2010 and 2011, industrial production of goods is still well below 2007 levels (as seen in Figure 2). November 2011

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

CAPACITY UTILIZATION During the downturn, the Federal Reserve estimated capacity utilization dropped to historically low levels of 65%, causing structural changes to capacities in many industries. Current capacity utilization is operating near 75%, yet this is still well below the pre-recession levels of 83-85%. It is important to remember that signifi-

cant capacity has been shuttered due to slow demand.

RAW MATERIAL SHORTAGES Fundamentally, a couple of major factors continue to exacerbate raw materials challenges. These include lighter feedstocks, structural capacity corrections and competing demand from emerging regions. Adhesives & Sealants Industry

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STRATEGIC SOLUTIONS Figure 3. U.S. Adhesives Consumption Trends

KEY RAW MATERIALS Acrylic acid (AA)

Softer year-on-year acrylates demand and ample supply pushed market prices down as the industry overcame earlier tightness due to flooding along the Mississippi River.

Natural rubber (NR)

Another wet season led to poor crop yield this year. As a result, contract prices reached above $5,000/MT.

Butadiene (Bd)

Global demand for tires, lighter feedstocks and supplementing NR shortages lead Bd to tight supply with prices exceeding $3,500/MT.

Isoprene (IP)

Similar to Bd, tire production, lighter feedstocks and shortage of NR drove tightness in IP and price levels of $4,000/MT.

Figure 4. U.S. Sealants Consumption Trends

Piperylene (PIP) and As isoprene goes, so do PIPs and Dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) DCPDs as key byproducts. As a result, both are in periods of tightness due to lighter feedstocks and shortages of IP.

Changes in the structure of the chemical industry’s approach to producing ethylene and propylene (the life sources for downstream markets like adhesives and sealants) have significant implications on the future of global supply and demand dynamics. Specifically, the price variance between oil and gas triggered a conversion of major fixed assets to lighter feedstocks based on shale gas. Cracking gas rather than naphtha significantly reduces the yield of higher molecular weight fractions (for example C5-C15), which are key to the growth of the adhesives and sealants industry. During the recession, manufacturers have favored investments in emerging regions (primarily Asia), and structural capacity corrections have led to the logical consolidation of assets in North America and Europe. Nearly all of the major investments in Asia are based on naphtha feeds. Essentially, supply has chased demand to Asia; when coupled with the typically higher pricing in Asia, this phenomenon could translate to the makings of a perfect storm for North American markets.

GROWTH PREDICTIONS These dynamics framed the challenges faced by adhesive and sealant industry executives. Overall, modest growth is forecasted for 2011, but this growth is primarily being driven as a result of price contribution— passing through raw material increases—with fragile volume demand. The adhesives sector is forecast to grow 2.5% in volume, while sealants will gain volume marginally at rates of approximately 1.5%. The sealant market is highly influenced by the construction and automotive sectors; when combined, these sectors make up nearly 95% of sealant consumption. Although the auto industry showed modest gains, average vehicle sizes are declining. Meanwhile, the construction sector remains in a depressed state. 16

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Revenue-wise, growth is predicted to stem from raw material pass-through and product mix changes toward higher valued chemistries. As a result, revenue growth is forecast in the range of 8-12% for 2011.

SUMMARY The industry’s fundamentals remain valid and continue to point to sustainable growth prospects. Macro trends reflect positive gains for the industry, including (but not limited to) several factors: • The drive for lightweight and fuel-efficient vehicles favors bonding, as the transportation industry engineers greater use of composites, plastics, and lightweight metal alloys to meet the new CAFE standards; • Failing infrastructure drives civil engineers to contemplate greater use of polymeric/adhesive solutions to repair, remediate and strengthen concrete structures; and • Packaging gains continue to be led by design efforts for “on-the-go” lifestyles, convenience, sustainable packaging and the five “easies”: easy to identify, easy to open, easy to replenish, easy to ship, and easy to dispose of. These are only a few of the many trends that will continue to drive industry growth over the next five years. The future of the adhesive and sealant industries remains bright. While raw material dynamics offer challenges, solid growth fundamentals persist in leading the industry toward differentiated higher value solutions. Dan Murad is president and CEO of The ChemQuest Group Inc., an international strategic management consulting firm specializing in the adhesives, sealants, and coatings industries, headquartered in Cincinnati. For more information, phone (513) 469-7555 or visit www.chemquest.com.

November 2011

The North American market for adhesives and sealants is expected to grow 2.2% over the next three years.

ccording to the Adhesive and Sealant Council’s (ASC) “North American Market Report” (NAMR), the North American market for adhesives and sealants is expected to grow in demand by 2.2% over the next three years and currently stands at $11 billion in sales. Globally, sales stand at $40.5 billion and are expected to grow 3.3% over the next three years. “The market report comes out in an economic climate that might be considered ‘optimistic uncertainty,’ with general business conditions and sales forecasts showing positive signs, but unemployment and a slower-than-expected recovery for important market segments causing some anxiety,”

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Figure 1. Global Adhesive and Sealant Market Segments

November 2011

reports Matthew E. Croson, president of ASC. “That said, most global markets are forecasted to grow, with emphasis on end use categories including packaging, building and construction, and footwear, while transportation will have slower growth.”

OVERVIEW From a global perspective, the adhesives and sealant supply chain supports a variety of market segments. The breakdown in Figure 1 provides the global market segmentation of the 26.6 billion pounds of wet formulated product that is shipped, which represents approximately $40.5 billion in sales. Figure 2. Global Adhesive and Sealant Technology Demand

Adhesives & Sealants Industry

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DEFINING EXPECTATIONS Figure 3. Global Adhesive and Sealant Polymer Demand

Figure 4. U.S. Consumer/DIY Retail Market Sales, 2010

From a technology perspective, Figure 2 (p. 17) shows that the majority of new product formulations are using waterborne products, with solventborne, reactive, and hot melts sharing a similar market penetration. An additional 5% use “other” technologies. In addition, the data in Figure 3 illustrates how the polymer demand is broken down. This year’s report includes an expanded section focused on the $309 million DIY retail channel in the U.S., which includes sales within big box retailers, home centers, stationery stores, hardware stores, and hobby and craft stores. This market segment is expected to grow 3.5% over the next three years. The breakdown in sales per channel is shown in Figure 4. “The adhesives and sealants sector continues to serve a broad array of industries, with a wide assortment of technologies leveraging a complex amount of polymers that combine for the

strong, durable bonds and seals required by the design engineering community,” Croson said.

ABOUT THE REPORT ASC’s NAMR is published every three years and covers market size and scope for both adhesives and sealants, including forecasting and trends analysis. The NAMR highlights the U.S., Canada and Mexico, and includes an analysis of Latin America and commentaries on Europe, Asia Pacific, and the rest of the world. The NAMR is produced on behalf of the council by DPNA International, a leading market analyst and research firm that is also an affiliate member of the council. The data within the report was collected using primary research and market reports from a variety of sources and in collaboration with several trade organizations. The definitions used within the report are harmonized with the global adhesive and sealant community. For purchasing information and additional details, visit www.ascouncil.org.

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November 2011

Keep an eye on green solutions! Be inspired by designed polymers for Adhesives & Sealants

With its DYNACOLL® Terra product range Evonik’s Adhesive Resins Product Line offers polyester-polyols made from renewable raw materials. These bio-based polyesters contain between > 30 and 100 ppw of renewable monomers. They are used as raw materials for one-component moisture-curable hot melt adhesives and sealants. Discover our portfolio of designed polymers created for your individual solutions within the industrial adhesives and sealants market: DYNACOLL®, VESTOPLAST®, VESTOWAX®, POLYVEST®, DEGALAN® For more information: www.evonik.com/designed-polymers

Partnering for Improved Wind Energy Products It is critical that material suppliers see how they fit in the overall wind turbine supply chain. By Kevin Lambrych, Global Wind Energy Program Manager, Ashland Performance Materials

he global wind industry is an attractive market for adhesives, coatings and thermoset resins. The market continues to grow in the face of challenges brought on by current economic conditions. While 2010 was the first year-after-year decrease seen in new wind power installations since 2004, an impressive 32.6 GW of new capacity was added that year, bringing the global cumulative installed capacity to a total of 188.1 GW. Over the next several years, the industry will see a substantial investment in blades, nacelles and spinner hubs (see Figure 1). It is anticipated that by 2025, the cumulative installed capacity will reach over 940 GW (see Table 1). Predictions are that the wind blade market will be worth over $5 billion in 2012, approaching $9 billion by 2025.1 The worldwide demand for renewable energy has pushed manufacturers to develop larger and lighter blades at lower costs relative to their size. In the past 10 years, the average wind turbine has nearly doubled its output to 1.75 MW. This trend is due to the lower cost of energy (COE) for one 2.5 MW turbine than for five 500 kW machines. Whereas the smaller 500 kW machine blade length averages 22 m, the more efficient 2.5 MW machine averages around 50 m—over twice as long. Materials that go into to day’s blade composites have to meet growing challenges. A wind blade’s

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Table 1. Global Cumulative GW Installed by Region (2010-2025)

Used with permission from IHS Emerging Energy Research.

performance is a combination of design, fabrication quality a n d m a t e r i a l s . H i s t o r i c a l l y, t h e development of composite materials has been challenged by the fact that one material supplier typically makes the reinforcement, a second the resin, potentially a third the adhesive, and maybe yet another the coating (see Figure 2). Each material—as well as the composite structure—must meet processing, static and dynamic property requirements. Before blade designers or manufacturers will even look at a product’s tech data sheet, they will likely want to know whether it has Germanischer Lloyds (GL) or Det Norske Veritas (DNV) certification. Designers need to be assured that materials are durable enough to meet

the 20-year lifespan requirement for blades. Involving blade material suppliers early in the design process provides an opportunity to improve the manufacturing cycle time, durability and overall performance of blades.

LEVERAGING RAW MATERIAL SUPPLIERS It is critical that material suppliers see how they fit in the overall wind turbine supply chain and how they can bring new value (see Figure 3, p. 22). The value that material suppliers offer is often not immediately understood by players further down the chain. To realize paths for blade improvement, material suppliers need to be brought into the new blade design process early. November 2011

In addition to helping control quality, a material supplier can also improve productivity through solutions that reduce blade production cycle time and minimize cost, thereby providing a competitive advantage to the fabricator and ultimately advancing the entire industry. Material suppliers are able to do this by observing their customers’ manufacturing processes and optimizing key product characteristics related to a materials processability and performance. The customer can then pass that savings to the turbine manufacturer or end user. The ultimate goal is to reduce the cost of energy produced by wind turbines compared to alternatives. Through developing better partnerships with all players along the supply chain, the material supplier has real power to add value.

Figure 1. Composite Structures in a Wind Turbine

KEYS TO GOOD PARTNERSHIPS Development partnerships occur not only between material suppliers and customers, but also between different raw material suppliers to validate that their products perform well together. Four key factors govern both of these partnerships: design, standardization, global supply chain and environmental considerations. Design The integration of the supplier into the customer’s design and production process is critical to ensuring that the voice of the customer is captured and actual needs are addressed. For new product development, a system is required to manage communication, capture the critical aspects for success of the product, and track progress to achieving milestones. Common tools include product blueprinting for voice of customer (VOC), design for six sigma (DfSS) to manage the overall development process, and lean six sigma (LSS) for quality assurance. Figure 2. Wind Blade Cross-Section

Standardization The communication of specifications alone does not guarantee delivery of what the customer needs. Several ISO or ASTM methods are used to measure critical aspects of wind materials. Within these standards, variations of methods of analysis exist and may lead to poor correlation between the supplier and customer. All testing parameters need to be agreed upon, and measurement system calibration must also be addressed. Gauge R&Rs and round-robin studies are required at the start of new partnerships so time is not lost during the product development stage and quality is ensured through scale-up and the life of the product. Great expense is attributed to the rejection of a good product or the acceptance of a poor one. Global Supply Chain Wind is a global industry. Many players, such as GE, Vestas, Gamesa and LM, maintain production facilities in all the key regions; these companies are looking to material suppliers to provide a consistent product to all manufacturing sites. When selecting partners, OEMs and fabricators often look for differentiation in the form of global reach and justin-time product availability. Environmental Considerations Material suppliers must guide the use of their products. They must ensure that best practices and proper environmental health and safety procedures are followed to protect workers and the environment. By participating in initiatives such as the chemical industry’s Responsible Care ® program, material supNovember 2011

pliers lead by example and show their commitment to continuously improve health, safety and environmental performance.

THE FUTURE Since it is renewable, wind energy is seen as green, but much of the technology used in wind is actually petroleum based. Material suppliers are in a unique position to help drive wind turbine production to be greener. Today, the composites and adhesives industries have achieved success in the advancement of technologies that incorporate precursors derived from soy, corn, biomass, and recycled content in new products. Historically, the main issue with these products has been that they typically have higher cost or do not perform as well as traditional products. As the wind industry matures, so will these technologies. It is only a matter of time before they become more competitive with traditional materials. Adhesives & Sealants Industry

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PARTNERING FOR IMPROVED WIND ENERGY PRODUCTS manufacturing where it is time to take advantage of real opportunities to effectively balance all the risks to improve cost, productivity, and performance to ensure that wind continues to win.

Figure 3. Wind Blade Value Chain

ABOUT ASHLAND Founded in 1924, Ashland Inc. began as an oil refining company. Today, Ashland Inc. is a global specialty chemicals manufacturer with four commercial units: Ashland Specialty Ingredients, Ashland Water Technologies, Ashland Performance Materials and Ashland Consumer Markets (Valvoline). In 2010, Ashland posted $9 billion in sales and employed more than 14,000 individuals worldwide. Ashland’s goal in wind power is to help drive down the cost per kilowatt by supplying cost-effective, highproductivity products for production of blades, nacelles

Good relationships are essential to creating a win-win environment for all participants. Building excellent development partnerships is about capturing opportunities to optimize performance and productivity, and passing value on through the supply chain. How a raw material for blades performs or processes is directly

related to its chemistry. To improve productivity, adhesives, coatings and resins need to cure faster and at ambient conditions. To help reduce the cost of energy from a turbine, it is the responsibility of all players to derive more value from the wind supply chain to advance the industry. We are at a stage in blade

and hub covers. All around the world, Ashland works with its partners to smooth the global wind energy value chain for delivery of next generation wind turbines. Visit www.ashland.com for more information.

REFERENCE 1. “Wind Turbine Supply Chain Strategies: 2011–2025,” IHS Emerging Energy Research, July 2011, www. emerging-energy.com.

The ChemQuest Group, Inc. TM

8150 Corporate Park Drive ∞ Suit e 250 ∞ Cincinnati, OH 45242 PH. (513) 469-7555 ∞ FAX (513) 469-7779

Core Capabilities · Maximizing Your Profit by Findin g Hidden Value · Strategic Restructu ring · Po sitio ning New Technology

Global Strategic B usiness Management C onsulting to the Coatings, Adhesives and Sealants Industries Office Locations: OH – NC – MA – NJ – CA – MN – SC GERMANY – EGYPT – ARGENTINA – INDIA – CHINA

www.chemquest.com Email In quirie s to: co nsultant @che mq uest.c o m

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Growing the Domestic Wind Industry Supply Chain

With state policies leading the way, the wind energy industry continues to represent a business opportunity for manufacturers. By Tom Maves, Deputy Director for Manufacturing and Supply Chain Services, American Wind Energy Association

lthough the U.S. wind energy industry endured another year without a stable national renewable energy policy in 2010—and in spite of the economic downturn—the industry built 5,116 megawatts (MW) of new capacity, leading to an annual growth of 15%. The total wind turbine fleet now stands at well over 40,000 MW, with over 35,000 wind turbines supplying clean energy to the equivalent of over 10 million homes. Such numbers in the current economic climate are good news for those companies eyeing the industry as they contemplate becoming members of its supply chain. Despite the fact that there were only 18 months before the expiration of the production tax credit (PTC), which is the primary financial policy for the industry, the wind energy industry continued to grow through the first quarter of 2011, installing 1,100 MW of new capacity. The rebound continued in the second quarter, with 2,151 MW installed in the first half of 2011, vs. 1,250 MW during the same time in 2010 (a 72% increase). Moreover, an additional 7,354 MW of new capacity was under construction by July 1, more than at any time since the third quarter of 2008. The majority of those megawatts are already locked in under long-term power purchase agreements with electric utilities, indicating an enduring industry that has proven both nimble and strong through a range of economic and policy conditions. With the solid under-construction numbers posted for the first half of the year, industry results for the full year are expected to be strong.

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Wind power is a mainstream electricity generation source and has been responsible for 35% of all new electric generating capacity over the last four years—more than coal and nuclear combined. “American wind energy is ramping up,” says Denise Bode, CEO of the American Wind Energy Association (AWEA). “Refined technologies, affordable prices, and continued demand for clean, homegrown energy—these are all reasons why wind has consistently posted strong growth numbers.”

THE DRIVERS Simply put, wind power is an attractive product, even to customers (e.g., utilities) who are notorious for being late adopters and generally resistant to change. Clean, homegrown wind energy has become increasingly affordable and cost competitive. Electric utilities, knowing a good buy when they see one and anxious to lock in energy costs to provide a hedge against volatile fossil-fuel prices, are entering long-term power purchase agreements for wind power. The uncertainty brought on by the lack of consistent policy at the federal level continues to be a challenge for the industry. However, the absence of consistent policy—the kind enjoyed by all other energy industries—has more or less become a way of life for the wind industry, which has grown nimble in dealing with it. Wind power basically “grew up” (i.e., became a 35% contributor of all new electric generation) in an unstable policy environment, given that the PTC has usually been extended in one- and two-year intervals and has even been allowed to expire before being renewed. Adhesives & Sealants Industry

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GROWING THE DOMESTIC WIND INDUSTRY SUPPLY CHAIN In the absence of consistent federal p o l i c y, s t a t e p o l i c y h a s b e c o m e important for the wind industry. Many states are leading the charge on the policy front, and they are reaping the returns in the form of wind energy development and manufacturing growth. An impressive 38 states now have utility-scale wind projects, with 14 states boasting more than 1,000 MW of clean wind power. California’s recently increased 33% renewable electricity standard (RES) is helping to drive a robust West Coast development scene. As previously mentioned, construction numbers are up for the nation as a whole. Iowa—which passed the first state RES in 1983—now produces 20% of its electricity from wind power. The Hawkeye State, in fact, is a prime example of how the supply chain follows wind farm development action, planting roots near where the projects are located. The state has attracted a significant number of major manufacturers and developers, bringing more than $5 billion of investment to the state and supporting 4,000-5,000 jobs. Iowa is now a national leader in wind power manufacturing, and wind farms online in Iowa power the equivalent of 900,000 homes.

Iowa’s capacity installations are still second to Texas, a state that achieved a major milestone in 2010 when it passed the 10,000-MW threshold. Illinois, South Dakota, and Minnesota all installed between 400 and 700 MW, while Indiana moved into the top-10 bracket for the first time. The Hoosier State also passed a voluntary Clean Energy Portfolio Standard (CPS), which set a goal of 10% of the state’s electric generation to come from clean energy sources by 2025 and incentivizes utilities to participate. Like Iowa, Texas—traditionally known as the oil-and-gas hub of the nation—is also a wind power manufacturing leader. “During the 112th Congress, we’ll continue to work for predictable federal energy policies to ensure we have a diverse portfolio of energy sources to power a cleaner, stronger America,” Bode says. “We’ll also help to defend and improve upon state renewable targets and promote other sources of demand, such as more distributed and community wind projects. We’ll help developers address their siting and transmission challenges so the industry can reach its full potential. In an economy in which gas prices have hit $4 per gallon and

are still on the rise, America must implement long-term energy policies centered on homegrown sources. And wind delivers.”

EVOLVING SUPPLY CHAIN With state policies leading the way (not to mention a history of PTC extensions, albeit often in the 11th hour, at the federal level), the wind energy industry continues to represent a business opportunity for manufacturers, as well as component and commodity suppliers, even in a period of economic malaise and comparatively reduced demand for wind turbines. The U.S. is on schedule

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opportunities for supply chain companies continue to expand and diversify. Even as the wind turbine market sees the usual ebb and flow, domestic content is expected to continue to grow and provide new opportunities for suppliers. That trend was seen just recently, when in 2010, while the industry had a slower year for projects than in the previous year, U.S. plants continued to enter the industry supply chain. In response to this ever-shifting landscape, the AWEA is now switching

for producing 20% wind power by 2030 under the scenario mapped out in the U.S. Department of Energy’s three-year-old report showing the feasibility of achieving that percentage of wind penetration in two decades’ time. An estimated 60,000 turbines will need to be installed between now and 2030 to reach the 20% energy contribution mark. That provides for a lot of opportunity within the supply chain. Equally important to the continued growth in opportunity is the increase in domestic wind turbine and turbine component manufacturing. When the AWEA launched its Supply Chain initiative several years ago, the intent was to grow the supply chain significantly. Between 2005 and 2009, U.S.-deployed wind turbine’s domestic content doubled, from 25 to 50%, even as the overall wind power market quadrupled. The latest numbers are even better: According to a June 2011 report from the U.S. Department of Energy’s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, domestic content has risen to 60%. Driving that trend, of course, are the wind turbine original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). In 2005, only one OEM assembled turbines in the U.S. By 2010, a total of 10 companies were assembling nacelles here. Moreover, eight additional companies have announced plans to build turbines in the U.S. This high-level activity is driving demand for local supply chains for turbine internals. Today, over 400 companies all across the country produce components for the wind industry. OEMs say that trend will continue and have expressed their desire to keep expanding their supply chain here. That’s because, unlike with all too many products now produced overseas, the industry’s economics are such that wind power components are best sourced domestically— that is, near the projects. Thus, while the industry’s last record-setting year for megawatt installations came in 2009, the

gears, so to speak, in its supply chain initiative and focusing on consolidating the gains made over the past few years and continuing to grow domestic manufacturing and the attendant jobs based here in the U.S. Many challenges remain, especially for some components that continue to be imported in large quantities; the association is starting to narrow its focus on such components. For more information, visit www.awea.org.

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November 2011

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Effective and Efficient Packaging Solutions

Recent developments in sustainable packaging technology can provide many benefits.

By Andrew Zaremba, Marketing & Operations, American Sealants Inc. ver the years, advancements in technology and efficient production processes have significantly improved sustainable packaging in the adhesive and sealant markets. As sustainable packaging technology has developed, so has the overall way in which it is used. The advancements in adhesive and sealant packaging help promote sustainability, decrease overall waste, create a more efficient process and generate cost savings—all while enhancing the overall product value.

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SIMPLE SOLUTIONS The differences in most standard forms of packaging are subtle yet significant. For example, the standard 10.2-oz caulking cartridge uses a nozzle and dispensing method that can significantly affect the amount of waste. With a fixed nozzle cartridge system, the material can cure in the nozzle between uses, causing the cartridge to be unusable and leading to a significant amount of wasted material. Material that cannot be dispensed may also be left in the nozzle after use. In order to extend the life of the material, manufacturers should instead consider a screw-on nozzle. This type of nozzle can be switched in between cartridges to save leftover material. It is a subtle option that not only extends value and efficiency to customers but also helps to conserve cost and waste.

EVOLUTION OF THE SQUEEZE TUBE Guided by the retail-oriented section of the market and consumers who demand ease of use, the squeeze tube has been used in silicone, sealant and adhesive packaging applications for the past few decades. Aluminum squeeze tubes have been the market standard and are often sold in a blister card pack that incorporates plastic and cardboard. This form of packaging produces 26

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a significant amount of waste, due to the plastic and cardboard components. Aluminum packaging is also subject to cracks and dents that can create holes in the product and lead to more overall waste.

The laminate squeeze tube is more environmentally friendly than the aluminum tube. Over the years, a new process has been developed for squeeze tube manufacturing that eliminates the aluminum packaging. This new method extends the life of the product and eliminates the need for costly blister card and plastic packaging. Instead of using aluminum, manufacturers have implemented the use of laminate squeeze tubes that are more cosmetically appealing and offer a more durable form of packaging to prevent waste. The laminate squeeze tube is more environmentally friendly than the aluminum tube and can easily be disposed of and recycled. The blister cards and plastic packaging have also been reformed by the creation of a wider seal and a variety of custom retail shelf hang hole punches at the top of the tube. Some manufacturers have also added nitrogen to the filling process to prolong product life. The nitrogen removes oxygen to extend the life of the material and eliminate overall waste. These solutions only begin to explore the domain of more November 2011

highly efficient packaging forms. The new squeeze tube technology has eliminated 30% of the waste associated with the traditional aluminum squeeze tube manufacturing. The life of the product has been extended through a nitrogen fill system, which then eliminates unused cured material in landfills. All these improvements help to conserve time, cost and waste—and add efficiency.

A new process has been developed for squeeze tube manufacturing that eliminates the aluminum packaging.

ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY SAUSAGE The persistent struggle to find a form of sustainable packaging that is cost efficient and practical has always been prevalent in the adhesive and sealant industry. A form of packaging is often required to be both large enough for higher volume applications and flexible enough to move around job sites, sometimes in less-than-ideal conditions. Such applications may have factors that can affect the necessary form of packaging, such as waste restrictions or a limited amount of space. The sausage pack, however, is ideal for these types of applications. The sausage pack (otherwise known as the chub) comes in a film roll that is dispensed with a gun similar to a caulk gun. Sausage packs are available in different sizes to aid in increasing productivity. The benefits to the sausage pack become readily apparent when compared to a caulking cartridge. When a caulking cartridge is empty, it creates a lot of waste due to its surface area. When the chub is being dispensed, it can be folded to decrease the amount of surface arearelated waste by over 90%. The film used by the sausage pack is also considerably lighter than the plastic caulking cartridge. Because it is such a precise form of sustainable packaging, the sausage pack has long been considered a green alternative and is becoming increasingly prevalent in the industry.

PORTABLE POUCHES Some sustainable packaging needs to be both efficient (like the sausage pack) and small enough for kits and other tiny applications. This demand in the market has led the way for pouch packaging. The pouch holds approximately ½ oz of material and is made out of a film material similar to that of the chub. It has a built-in, tear-off nozzle that allows for easy dispensing. Detailed labeling work can also be printed onto it easily. The pouch can hold a variety of materials and is moisture resistant. November 2011

Pouches can be used without a nozzle, which greatly decreases waste.

Pouches have a lot of the same advantages as sausage packs. The design allows for a pouch to be used without a nozzle, which greatly decreases waste. In addition, no dispensing gun or applicator is needed, and the pouch helps reduce waste in small applications where only a small amount of product is required. The pouch also allows for more space in assembly kits and decreases the amount of waste associated with the kits. The pouch is durable and will not dent and puncture as easily as an aluminum squeeze tube. The amount of waste associated with the film is significantly less than the squeeze tube because of these added benefits. Thus, the pouch is a user-friendly form of sustainable packaging.

MAKING CHANGES Packaging in the adhesive and sealant markets continues to evolve. While the world is becoming more environmentally aware, efficiency and cost remain important concerns. Becoming more informed about a product development or converting to a new form of packaging can make a significant difference for many manufacturers. Due to the latest packaging advancements, cost-efficient, environmentally friendly, and practical solutions are readily available. For more information, contact American Sealants Inc. at 3806 Option Pass, Fort Wayne, IN 46818; phone (800) 325-7040; email asiinquir [email protected] or [email protected]; or visit www. americansealantsinc.com.

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ADVANCING ADHESIVES Henkel and its Loctite line of adhesives and sealants returned as a sponsor of the 2011 Cook’s Bonneville Shootout on the Bonneville Salt Flats.

standing world land speed records using streamlined vehicles that traveled at speeds of 280 to over 400 mph. At the end of the five-day racing flight, a record that had stood for 45 years had fallen. In a highly emotional race, Charles Nearburg sped to a two-way average of 414.316 mph in a naturally-aspirated streamlined race car called the Spirit of Rett. The car was named after his son, an avid car enthusiast who lost his long battle with cancer at the age of 21.

Virtually every vehicle relied upon Loctite products to enhance performance and ensure reliability.

THE NEED FOR SPEED New adhesive helps racers shatter additional land speed records on Bonneville Salt Flats. enkel and its Loctite ® line of adhesives and sealants recently returned to the Bonneville Salt Flats in Utah, hoping to help racers break more world land speed records under the hot desert sun. During the fierce competition, virtually every vehicle relied upon Loctite products to enhance performance and ensure reliability in the extreme conditions of the arid, overheated salt pan. The Bonneville Salt Flats is one of the most unique natural features in Utah. Stretching over 30,000 acres, the area is a fragile resource located along I-80 near the Utah-Nevada border. The Bonneville Salt Flats and the Great Salt Lake are the remains of ancient Lake Bonneville. Wind and water combine to create the flat surface of salt. Each winter, a shallow

H

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layer of standing water floods the surface of the salt flats. During spring and summer, the water slowly evaporates while winds smooth the surface into a vast, nearly perfect flat plain. The salt flats’ potential for racing was first recognized in 1896 by W.D. Rishel, who was scouting a bicycle race course from New York to San Francisco. After he returned home, Rishel convinced a local daredevil named Teddy Tezlaff to go to Bonneville and race automobiles on it. After several years of testing and development, Tezlaff drove his car to an official record speed of 141.73 mph in 1914. This is the second year that Loctite sponsored this invitation-only competition between the fastest cars and motorcycles in the world. At the 2010 event, four racing teams shattered

This year, the Spirit of Rett broke a land speed record for the second time. It is the same car as last year, but this time used a different engine. In addition, two two-wheeled motorbikes broke records at this year’s event. “We love our sponsorship of Cook’s Bonneville Shootout because it shows the world just how tough Loctite adhesives and sealants really are,” said Mike Shannahan, Henkel’s director of marketing for the North American general industry business. “Loctite products, especially our threadlockers, hold up under unbelievably intense conditions during these races and never fail. From the moment our team arrives at the event, we actively assist all the race teams and the teams really appreciate our help and support throughout the Shootout.”

ABOUT HENKEL Henkel operates worldwide with leading brands and technologies in three business areas: Laundry & Home Care, Cosmetics/Toiletries, and Adhesive Technologies. Founded in 1876, Henkel holds globally leading market positions both in the consumer and industrial businesses with well-known brands such as Persil, Schwarzkopf and Loctite. Henkel employs about 48,000 people and reported sales of $20.07 billion and adjusted operating profit of $2.27 billion in fiscal 2010. Henkel’s preferred shares are listed in the German stock index DAX, and the company ranks among the Fortune Global 500. For more information, visit www.henkelna.com/loctite.

November 2011

A new amine-functional dimer technology creates formulation freedom for high-end polyamide adhesives. By Angela Smits, Application Specialist Polymers, and Hans Ridderikhoff, Research & Applications Manager, Croda Inc. imerized fatty acids have been used for many years in polyamides, polyesters, epoxy resins and amine curatives. They are obtained through the conversion of unsaturated fatty acids (from natural oil and fat) by a combination of pressure, temperature and catalysis, followed by purification processes. Starting from the C 18 fatty acids that nature typically provides, the dimer acid is a molecule with 36 carbon atoms, which makes it the longest dioic acid available. The benefits that the hydrocarbon character and non-crystallinity of these C36 diacids add to coatings and adhesives are mainly related to the low glass-transition temperature (Tg) and their hydrophobic nature. These properties induce flexibility, hydrolytic resistance, thermo-oxidative resistance, moisture repellency and adhesion to a wide range of substrates. For several years, dimer fatty diols and a range of polyester polyol derivatives of dimerized fatty acids have been available for use in various polyurethane applications to enhance durability, flexibility, and hydrophobicity.* New bio-based, amine-functional building blocks have been developed that extend the range of acid- and hydroxyl-functional fatty dimers and derived polyesters (see Figure 1).** This new technology provides benefits in many applications.

D

A TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT In polyamide hot melts, the use of the new dimer diamine extends formulation freedom by allowing wider melting point adjustment. It increases hydrophobicity, which results in improved moisture repellency and stronger adhesion to plastics. The new amine-functional materials broaden application possibilities and bring additional environmental benefits through their durability, low volatility and renewable nature (100% renewable carbon). November 2011

Figure 1. Extended Range of Dimer Functionalities

Polyamide adhesives are used in a wide range of applications, such as footwear, electronic encapsulation and sealing, textiles, furniture assembly, and packaging. The amine component supplies intermolecular bonding and cohesive strength, a high melting point, green strength, and adhesion to polar substrates. Dimer fatty acids are used to create flexibility and stress absorption, enhanced flow and wetting, and adhesion to low-energy substrates. Other dioic acids in the carboxylic acid component are used to increase the melting point. The availability of dimer diamine permits the use of dimer in the amine component, thereby allowing more freedom in the diacids used and giving wider control of the melting point. In addition, using both dimer acid and dimer diamine in one formulation leads to even better moisture resistance, improved adhesion to low-energy substrates and higher flexibility, which is of interest in applications such as electronics, packaging, and textiles.

*Offered by Croda under the Priplast product name. **Priamine 1074, developed by Croda.

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FORMULATION FREEDOM Table 1. Thermal Properties and Shore D Hardness Acid Component

Amine Component

Tm (°C)

Tg (°C)

Shore D

PA 6.6

Adipic acid (56%wt)

HMDA (44%)

250

60

86

PA 6.36

Dimer acid (83%)

HMDA (17%)

79.0

-6

47

PA 36.6

Adipic acid (22%)

Dimer diamine (78%)

104.4

-9

57

PA 6.36/6

Dimer acid/adipic (78%/4%)

HMDA (18%)

>100

-8

57

Table 2. Comparison of Several Diamines Acid Component

Amine Component

Tm (°C)

Tg (°C)

Shore D

HMDA

Dimer acid/stearic acid (87%/0.5%)

EDA/HMDA (7%/5%)

88

-10

44

Polyether amine

Dimer acid/stearic acid (78%/0.5%)

EDA/Polyether amine MW400 (7%/15%)

92

-27

33

Piperazine

Dimer acid/stearic acid (87%/0.5%)

EDA/aminoethyl piperazine (7%/6%)

88

-8

36

Dimer diamine

Dimer acid/stearic acid (73%/0.4%)

EDA/dimer diamine Priamine 1074 (6%/20%)

86

-26

33

THERMAL PROPERTIES AND HARDNESS

Figure 2. Improved Moisture Repellency

It is useful to compare applications using dimer acid or dimer diamine in a formulation. The polyamide hot-melt adhesives shown in Table 1 have been synthesized by heating the acid component and subsequently adding the amine component for the reaction. When the possible foaming stage passed, the temperature was gradually increased to 230°C (this temperature this can be higher, depending on viscosity). Reactions were continued until an acid value of 9 mg KOH/g had been reached, representing a molecular weight of 12,500 g/mol. The hot-melt adhesives have been analyzed with differential scanning calorimetry for the Tg and melting temperatures; Shore D hardness was also measured.

Figure 3. Lap Shear Adhesion to ABS

Dimer diamine extends the freedom in formulating, allowing wider melting point adjustment without compromising performance.

As expected, the presence of the C 36 dimer structure drastically reduces both the melting point and the Tg, making the polyamide more flexible than PA 6.6. Replacing dimer acid with dimer diamine increases the melting point and hardness while maintaining a low Tg. A variation in total dimer content (83 vs. 78%) is caused by formulating with a carboxylic acid access. (When correcting the total dimer acid content by incorporating some adipic acid, dimer diamine has a very similar effect as dimer acid to the hardness and Tg). However, the dimer acid-based polyamide no longer has a sharp melting point, but a melting trajectory. This 30

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leads to undesired softening and threading of the adhesive. Dimer diamine thus extends the freedom in formulating, allowing wider melting point adjustment without compromising the performance. By altering the acid component in the formulation, the melting point can be further adjusted. A second comparison was made of dimer diamine with several amines. Hexamethylene diamine (HMDA) was used as standard diamine, polyetheramine MW400 as flexibilizing November 2011

Figure 4. Lap Shear Adhesion to Nylon

diamine, and aminoethyl piperazine as a secondary amine for improved adhesion to plastics. Polyamide hot melts were prepared as shown in Table 2 (reactions were continued until an amine value of 7 mg KOH/g, representing a molecular weight of 16,000 g/mol). Similar to the polyetheramine soft block, dimer diamine reduces the hardness and T g while maintaining a high melting point.

IMPROVED MOISTURE RESISTANCE AND ADHESION Moisture uptake was tested by allowing adhesive samples to absorb moisture in 25°C water for a week and then analyzing the weight increase. The combination of dimer acid and dimer diamine clearly absorbs less water (see Figure 2). As expected, polyetheramine has a larger affinity for moisture. Adhesion properties were analyzed by measuring lap-shear adhesion strength on a range of substrates at 500 μm adhesive thickness. Adhesion to beach wood resulted in no break (at 3.2 MPa) for all four samples. The results in Figures 3-5 show that, compared to HMDA, the three other amines give similar improved adhesion to ABS. On nylon, dimer diamine clearly brings a larger improvement, resulting in substrate failure. Interestingly, the hydrophobicity that dimer diamine provides clearly improves adhesion to the lowest-polarity substrate: untreated polypropylene.

EXPANDING OPPORTUNITIES Amine-functional dimerized fatty acid technology can be used to great benefit in polyamide adhesives, broadening the application possibilities. These new bioNovember 2011

Figure 5. Lap Shear Adhesion to PP

based building blocks provide several performance and environmental benefits through their renewable nature, reduction in volatility, and good thermal-oxidative stability for more durable applications. In polyamide hot melts, the use of dimer diamine extends the freedom in formulating, enabling wider melting point adjustments. Moisture repellency and adhesion to plastics are

improved. Combined with flexibility, this makes dimer diamine suitable for improving high-end applications, such as electronic encapsulation or sealing and demanding packaging, footwear, or textile applications. For additional information, contact Croda Inc. at 300-A Columbus Circle, Edison, NJ 08837; phone (732) 4170800; or visit www.croda.com.

CONSULTING BY “DR. DAVE” Adhesives and Sealants-Technology, Applications and Markets

Dr. Dave Dunn writes the monthly “Questions and Answers” column in Adhesives & Sealants Industry magazine, and is a unique source of both technical and management consulting for the adhesives and sealants industry. Technical Consulting • Formulation advice • Sourcing information • New developments • Application development • Application troubleshooting • Problem solving Market Research • Opportunity analysis • Customer surveys • Mergers and acquisitions • New developments • Market analysis • Industry structure • Competitive intelligence • Key trends

Technology Focus • Anaerobics • Cyanoacrylates • Reactive acrylics • Epoxies • Hot melts • Gasketing Market Focus • Industrial • Automotive OEM • Automotive aftermarket • Medical • Construction Management Consulting Innovation can be planned and managed to meet the strategic goals of a company. We have concentrated on integrating the R&D functions of companies into their strategic plans and putting systems in place to continuously measure the effectiveness of investments in R&D.

About the principal… Dr. Dave Dunn is President of F.L.D. Enterprises, which is located near Akron, Ohio, USA. He is a former Vice President and Director of Loctite Corporation and has consulted for many adhesives and sealants manufacturers and users in both North America and Europe. He is the author of several books and many articles, including the recent book Adhesives and Sealants-Technology, Applications and Markets, published by Rapra Technology Ltd. (www.polymer-books.com). F.L.D. Enterprises Inc. 242 Trails End Aurora OH 44202 Tel. 330-562-2930 FAX 330-247-1690 e-mail [email protected] web site www.fldenterprises.com

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The introduction of biomass as a substitute for petroleum-based raw materials will make a significant contribution in the development of sustainable products. By Monique Roerdink Lander, Postdoctoral Associate, Jiguang Zhang, Postdoctoral Associate, and Steven J. Severtson, Professor, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota; and Carl J. Houtman, Research Chemical Engineer, USDA Forest Product Laboratory

ABSTRACT Consumer goods made from renewable materials, including adhesives and coatings, are required to reduce the use of fossil resources. Research presented here describes an approach to incorporate significant amounts of renewable macromonomers in water-based acrylic polymerization via miniemulsion polymerization systems. The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated through the generation of several pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) latexes produced with 50:50 (mass:mass) of acrylated biomass and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (EHA). Tested performance properties of adhesive films cast from latexes show values similar to those of commercial products.

SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS Fossil fuels are the primary source of synthetic chemicals used to produce polymeric consumer goods such as plastics, adhesives, coatings and foams. Most petroleum-based polymers are non-recyclable and non-compostable, and complete their lifecycles as waste. (Plastics and other petroleum-derived materials constitute 20% of municipal solid waste.1) Concerns over the environmental impact of these products, as well as diminishing oil reserves, have driven the pursuit of more sustainable options for our modern needs.

Figure 1. Macromonomers generated with lactide (A) and lactide and ␧-caprolactone (B) were used to prepare copolymers of acrylic monomers and macromonomers (C).

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Figure 2. Raman spectra of samples L6, L8, L12, and L8C4 (A). The conversion of the acrylate-macromonomer copolymerization in the miniemulsion can be monitored by the disappearance of the double carbon-carbon bond peak at 1640 cm-1 present in both the HEMA-functionalized biomass macromonomers and acrylic monomers, as shown in (B) for the copolymerization of butyl methacrylate with L8 (P) and L8C4 (Q).

Currently, there is considerable interest in biomass derived from woody, herbaceous, and aquatic plants and grasses as a replacement for petroleum-derived feedstocks. The use of biomass for this purpose may lead to the generation of products with closed lifecycles. Furthermore, using non-food energy crops can generate employment, restore fallow lands, and replace agricultural-intensive crops with less intensive crops, resulting in a reduced need for fertilizers and pesticides.2 National security concerns, specifically the need to reduce our dependency on foreign sources for energy and raw materials, offers additional incentives for using biomass in energy and chemical feedstock production. (In 2009, the U.S. imported nearly 60% of its petroleum demand.3) Discussed here are our efforts to develop PSAs containing high levels of biomass. Pressure-sensitive products have become ubiquitous in our homes and offices. Most of these products contain water-based acrylic PSAs, which are produced mainly from petroleum-based raw materials. More than 300 million dry pounds of acrylic adhesive were sold in the U.S. in 2006.4 A significant portion of this PSA ends its lifecycle in landfills. The introduction of biomass as a substitute for petroleumbased raw materials will make a significant contribution in the development of sustainable products, particularly when these materials can be made biodegradable. November 2011

high shear forces. The absence of mass transport results in faster reaction rates and enables the use of high molar mass components. Monomer droplet stability is achieved through the use of surfactants, but the miscibility of the macromonomer with the other components is critical as well for producing stable miniemulsion precursors and coagulantfree latexes.7,8 Miniemulsions are formed via ultrasonication, which is popular for small laboratory-scale use, but a number of mechanical methods are possible for larger scale production.

PREPARATION OF LACTIDE-CONTAINING MACROMONOMERS

Figure 3. Comparison of Loop Tack Values for PSAs Generated with Different MMs

Figure 4. Shear as a Function of Added Crosslinker Concentration for Formulations Containing 0 and 30 wt% Tackifier Dispersion

Past efforts to use renewable mass in PSAs have focused mostly on chemicals derived from starch, sugars and vegetable oils. These components are usually not directly compatible with the free radical polymerization used to generate waterborne PSAs and need to be chemically modified to introduce functional groups. Copolymers of acrylic monomers and sugar-derived moieties have been prepared by reacting alkyl polyglycosides with maleic acid anhydride to introduce two functional double bonds that participate in free radical polymerization.5 Although plant-based fatty acids are unsaturated, the double bonds are not reactive enough to directly participate in radical polymerization. Macromonomers from acrylated or hydroperoxidized fatty acids and triglyceride derivatives have been used in miniemulsion polymerizations to prepare waterborne resin coatings. Similarly, acrylated oleate derived from sunflower oil triglycerides were copolymerized with methyl methacrylate and EHA. These copolymer materials demonstrated comparable tack, shear and elasticity compared to commercially available PSAs, although peel values were lower due to the molar mass of the polymers being close to the critical molar mass for physical entanglements.6 Research discussed here involves the attachment of lactic acid macromonomers onto the backbones of representative acrylic PSA polymers. Although conventional emulsion polymerization is the standard approach used to generate water-based PSAs, the slow diffusion of high-molecular-weight (renewable) macromonomers makes them incompatible with conventional emulsion polymerization. Instead, PSA polymers were generated via miniemulsion polymerization in which the propagation step and chain growth occur in sub-micrometer monomer droplets formed prior to reaction initiation by November 2011

Similar to plant oil and sugar derivatives, lactide (e.g., derived from corn starch) cannot directly participate in the free radical polymerization used in the preparation of waterborne PSA polymers. The chemical modification of lactide can be achieved by choosing an appropriate initiator for the ring-opening polymerization (ROP). Acrylated polylactic acid (PLA) has been prepared by the ROP of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA).9-12 This method has been used to prepare copolymers of acrylated PLA macromonomers with n-butyl methacrylate in a miniemulsion process that contained up to 34 wt% biomass.10 Higher biomass incorporation was not possible in this case due to the immiscibility of macromonomers with higher molar mass. Adopting the approach described by Ishimoto et al.,10 acrylated PLA macromonomers (MMs) were prepared with the aim of developing biorenewable PSA polymers by copolymerization of biomass MMs with suitable acrylic monomers (see Figure 1). The addition of a few repeat units of lactic acid in the MM (from 6-12 repeat units) caused a significant increase in the glass-transition temperature (Tg) and a change from a viscous liquid to a waxy solid for 12 repeat units. Although L6 was miscible with acrylic monomers, a homogeneous mixture of L8 and monomers could only be obtained upon moderate heating and sonication. L12 could not be mixed with the monomer phase and, therefore, could not be used in miniemulsion polymerization. The poor miscibility of the MMs with more than eight repeat units strongly limits the amount of biomass that can be incorporated in the final PSA product and makes processing on larger scales difficult. It was also found to limit the adhesive properties that were achievable via this approach. Poly(caprolactone) is a liquid polymer at room temperature with a Tg of -60°C. Therefore, a copolymer of repeating units of both ␧-caprolactone monomer and semi-crystalline L-lactic acid was expected to have a low Tg, due to the flexibility of the aliphatic ␧-caprolactone chain and the suppression of the crystallization of the lactic acid by the statistical incorporation of another monomer. Recently, a process to obtain ␧-caprolactone from starch has been described, adding ␧-caprolactone to the list of renewable building blocks.13,14 Thus, for our purpose of developing low-Tg biomass-based functional macromonomers, ␧-caprolactone is particularly suitable. As expected, the copolymer MM of lactide and ␧-caprolactone (see Figure 1B) are viscous liquids with Tg values ranging from -20 to -52°C. They are also fully miscible with acrylic monomers. Table 1 (p. 34) lists the composition of a set of MMs, along with their estimated number– average molecular weight (Mn) and Tg. The composition and molar mass of the macromonomers were determined from 1H NMR spectra, based on the ratio between the peaks at 6.2 and 5.5 ppm (HEMA, H2C=C(CH3)–), 5.1 ppm (lactic acid, –COO-C(H)CH3–), and 2.3 and 4.0 ppm (␧-caprolactone, -CH2-CH2-C=O and –O-CH2-CH2-, respectively). The compositions calculated based on the NMR spectra were consistent with the feeding ratio of lactide and ␧-caprolactone to HEMA, indicating that the reaction proceeded to near completion. From Table 1, it can be seen that the Tg of the MMs increases with increasing molecular weight and lactide content. Conversely, higher Adhesives & Sealants Industry

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SEMI-SYNTHETIC PSA amounts of caprolactone lower the T g. No significant difference in Tg was found between MMs generated using the different enantiomeric forms of lactide (nor did this impact the properties of the generated adhesive polymers).

PREPARATION OF LACTIDE-BASED BIOMASS PSAS VIA MINIEMULSION Generated macromonomers were copolymerized with EHA in a miniemulsion polymerization process to produce adhesive polymers (see Figure 1C). Compositions of a small subset of the latexes generated are listed in Table 2. Conventional methods for monitoring the conversion of monomers, such as gravimetry, which rely on the evaporation of the unreacted species, are not suitable for miniemulsion polymerizations due to the presence of the volatile acrylic monomers and the nonvolatile MMs. Here, confocal Raman microscopy (CRM) was used to quantitatively determine the fraction of a given functional group by comparing its characteristic peak with a reference peak, as previously described.15 The conversion of the miniemulsion polymerizations was followed by analyzing aliquots of the initial emulsion and during the reaction. Spectra of some of the MMs listed in Table 1 are shown in Figure 2A (p. 32). The conversion of the miniemulsion reactions was followed by monitoring the disappearance of the C=C peak at 1642 cm-1, using the peak intensities of the carbonyl groups at 1724 cm-1 (HEMA) and 1768 cm-1 (L and C) as reference peaks. The reaction conversions determined by this method are shown in Figure 2B (p. 32) for the free radical copolymerization of L8 (open circles, P) and L8C4 (closed squares, Q) with an acrylic monomer. The polymerizations were fast, as is typical for miniemulsions, and the reactions proceeded to 90% conversion within the first hour, approaching full conversion after two hours. The solids contents of the latexes were 40 wt%, which is a typical value for macromonomer emulsions without additional polymeric co-surfactants.16

PROPERTIES OF LACTIDE-BASED BIOMASS PSAS Table 3 lists measured values for shear adhesion (ASTM D 6463–99), 180° peel adhesion (ASTM D 903-98) and loop tack (ASTM D 6195-03) for films cast from the biomass-containing latexes listed in Table 2. Also included in Table 2 are two unformulated commercial PSAs: an ultra-removable PSA (PSA1), and a general-purpose permanent PSA (PSA2). In Figure 3 (p. 33), loop 34

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Table 1. Composition, Glass Transition Temperature (Tg) and Number Average Molecular Weight (Mn) for Biomass Macromonomers Composition*

Tg(°C)

Mn

L-L6

-26

562

L-L8

-20

706

D,L-L8

-21

706

L-L12

-8

994

L-L8C3

-33

1048

D,L-L8C3

-29

1048

L-L10C5

-26

1420

D,L-L10C5

-28

1420

L-L10C10

-52

1990

D,L-L10C10

-52

1990

*The macromonomer composition, L-L6, D-L6 and D,L-L6 denotes six repeat units of L- and D-lactic acid and a racemic mixture, respectively. Similarly, L8C4 denotes eight repeat units of lactic acid and four repeat units of ␧-caprolactone. The compositions were determined based on 1H NMR.

Table 2. Semi-Synthetic PSA Formulations Containing 50:50 wt% MM and EHA Sample

MM (wt%)

Crosslinker (wt%)

Tackifier*

1

L-L8C3

0.1

0

2

L-L10C5

0.1

0

3

L-L10C10

0.1

0

4

L-L10C4

0.1

0

5

L-L10C4

0.5

0

6

L-L10C4

1.0

0

7

L-L10C4

2.0

0

4T

L-L10C4

0.1

30

5T

L-L10C4

0.5

30

6T

L-L10C4

1.0

30

7T

L-L10C4

2.0

30

*By wt% of product in the formulated latex.

tack values are listed for films of biomasscontaining copolymers produced with a variety of MMs and for PSA1 and PSA2. It was found that loop tack and peel values are, in general, comparable and are in the range or slightly exceed loop tack of the commercial PSAs used in this study. In addition, the properties of the biomass PSAs can be tuned through the choice of MM. The major challenge with the biomasscontaining PSAs is the low shear. The shear adhesion results were affected somewhat by changes in MM composition. An increased crosslink density and the addition of tacki-

fier dispersion had the greatest impact on the shear. For low amounts of tackifying dispersion (< 10 wt%), an increased loop tack was found, as well as a slight decrease in shear. For higher amounts of tackifying dispersions (30 wt%), loop tack values decreased but shear sharply increased (see Table 3). A decrease in shear is typically observed on the addition of tackifying resin. The strong increase in shear for the biomass-containing PSAs is therefore surprising. Possibly, phase separation between the tackifying resin and the biomass phase of the PSA could play a role in reinforcing the adhesive November 2011

Table 3. Performance Properties for Semi-Synthetic PSAs Sample

Shear (min)

s.d.

Peel (lbf)

s.d.

Loop tack (lbf)

s.d.

1

0.92

0.27

0.19

0.06

0.56

0.19

2

0.15

0.03

0.05

0.02

0.32

0.07

3

0.08

0.03

0.02

0.01

0.19

0.06

4

1.48

0.46

0.43

0.08

1.22

0.31

5

1.67

0.34

0.70

0.15

1.15

0.24

6

3.02

0.40

0.36

0.10

0.63

0.09

7

12.48

5.17

0.34

0.17

0.33

0.11

4T

11.74

4.66

0.86

0.37

0.18

0.11

5T

19.32

6.18

0.72

0.35

0.31

0.16

6T

41.14

8.92

0.91

0.37

0.72

0.19

7T

64.00

17.03

1.38

0.37

0.89

0.37

PSA1

93.18

68.92

0.20

0.11

0.63

0.14

PSA2

367.08

89.06

1.11

0.14

0.99

0.10

film. Figure 4 (p. 33) shows an example of the effect of the amount of crosslinker (wt% of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate used during polymerization) for formulations containing no tackifier and 30 wt% of tackifier dispersion. As discussed previously, the shear rises sharply with increasing levels of crosslinking, and this effect is amplified through the addition of tackifier dispersion. The adhesive films containing 30 wt% tackifier are slightly opaque (indicating phase separation), which would restrict their use for clear label applications. Another strategy to increase shear is the use of “hard monomers” such as styrene in the copolymer. Measured shear values for adhesive polymers containing 20 wt% styrene, 40 wt% EHA and 40 wt% MM (L-L10C6) are about 18 minutes with no added tackifier and 88 minutes with 30 wt% tackifier dispersion. However, this was accompanied by low loop tack values of 0.3 lbf and 0.2 lbf, respectively. This preliminary work demonstrates the effect of the copolymer composition and formulation with additives on adhesive performance. With strategic design of the copolymer composition and additive addition, it is expected that formulations satisfying shear and loop tack requirements for a variety of applications will be accessible for these biomass-containing PSAs.

SUMMARY AND FUTURE WORK An approach was described to incorporate significant amounts of renewable macromonomers in water-based acrylic via November 2011

miniemulsion polymerization. The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated through the generation of a series of PSA latexes containing 50 wt% of biomass and 50 wt% EHA. Testing of adhesive films cast from these latexes shows that tack and peel values comparable to commercial PSAs can be achieved for unformulated biomass-containing copolymers. Shear values were enhanced by increasing the concentration of crosslinker reagent added during polymerization reactions and, surprisingly, the addition of tackifier dispersion to the latex. As an example of the possibilities of strategic copolymer design, the strong increase in shear for a copolymer containing styrene as a “hard monomer” was shown. Future work will include a more extensive investigation into the addition of functional monomers in the copolymer and the effect on adhesive performance, as well as an extension of this hybrid copolymer approach to include other renewable materials in PSAs. Semi-synthetic copolymers are currently being developed based on renewable monomers and acrylates that are recycling compatible and fully biodegradable. Initial results indicate that, with the hybrid copolymer approach, the means for producing both recycling compatible and compostable, commercially feasible biomass-based products will be available. For more information, contact Steve Severtson at sever018@ umn.edu.

REFERENCES 1. Brown, R.C., Biorenewable Resources: Engineering New Products from Agriculture, Iowa State Press, 2003. 2. McKendry, P., Biores. Technol., 2002, 83, 37-46. 3. U.S. Energy Information Administration, www.eia.doe.gov, September 4, 2010. 4. “U.S. Industry Study Labels,” Freedonia Group, 2006 and 2011. 5. Bloembergen, S., McLennan, I.J., Narayan, R., U.S. Patent 6,242,593 B1, June 5, 2001. 6. Bunker, S., Staller, C., Willenbacher, N., Wool, R., Int. J. Adhes., 2003, 23, 29. 7. Li, M., Daniels, E.S., Dimonie, V., Sudol, E.D., El-Aasser, M.S., Macromolecules, 2005, 38, 4183-4192. 8. Lu, Y.S., Larock, R.C., Biomacromolecules, 2007, 8, 3108-3114. 9. Huang, S.J., Onyari, J.M, J. Macromol.Sci., 1996, A33, 571-584. 10. Ishimoto, K., Arimoto, M., Ohara, H., Kobayashi, S., Ishii, M., Morita, K., Yamashita, H., Yabuuchi, N., Biomacromolecules, 2009, 10, 2719-2723. 11. Lim, D.W., Choi, S.H., Park, T.G., Macromol. Rapid Comm., 2000, 21, 464-471. 12. Shinoda, H., Matyjaszewski, K., Macromolecules, 2001, 34, 6243-6248. 13. Arbaoui, A., Redshaw, C., Polym. Chem., 2010, 1, 801-826. 14. Minami, M., Kozaki, S., U.S. Patent 6,559,275, May 6, 2003. 15. Xu, G.Z.H., Dong, J. P., Zhang, J.G., Severtson, S.J., Houtman, C.J., Gwin, L.E., J. Phys. Chem., B 2008, 112, 11907-11914. 16. Do Amaral, M., Asua, J.M., J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Chem., 2004, 42, 4222-4227.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This work was supported by the Center for Sustainable Polymers at the University of Minnesota through a grant from the Institute for Renewable Energy and the Environment (IREE RL-0009-09). The authors wish to thank Larry Gwin of Franklin International (Columbus, OH) for helpful feedback and Yuxi Zhao (University of Minnesota) for help in characterizing the performance of the generated PSAs.

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The current trend toward green supply chains requires new enterprise technology. By Martin Gunnarsson, Director, Research and Strategy, IFS AB

arlier this year, IFS North America conducted a study among manufacturing executives that revealed about 77% of them were involved in a green supply chain. The majority of the rest of the respondents expected to be a part of a green supply chain in the next few years. What this means is that companies are increasingly taking into consideration not only the financial cost of goods purchased from their supply chain partners, but also the environmental footprint of the traditional supply chain, including raw material supply, manufacturing and distribution—directly to a customer or through distribution channels. Companies are also considering the use of hazardous goods, consumption of natural resources like water, discharges to the atmosphere and other environmental impacts during product manufacture, as well as over the product’s lifecycle through disposal and recycling.

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THE ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY When enterprise resource planning (ERP) software was first introduced, it promised to deliver a unified vision of what is going on in a company, but that vision was restricted largely to the flow of financial value through the organization. The trend toward the green supply chain means that accounting, IT, sales and other departments are responsible for handling a new type of data: environmental impact data. This data has a great impact on the technology and software that underpin a modern enterprise. It is now necessary for ERP software to enable companies to monitor and manage the environmental impact of their business just as proactively and thoroughly as they can manage financial factors. 36

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What each manufacturer needs to measure and manage from an environmental perspective within its business may depend on the particular company, industry, and the priorities set by both the company and its customers. In the adhesives business, chemicals consumed in manufacture, discharges to air and water, and product impacts after the sale—including offgassing—may be critical. A strong need exists for an embedded eco-footprint management module in the ERP systems that manufacturers and other companies use to run their businesses. There are a number of reasons for this: • Embedding environmental measurement and management in ERP is cost effective and efficient, since most of the needed data already exists and can be reused. • An integrated, enterprise-wide approach handles environmental impact across the entire product lifecycle and the entire supply chain. • Harnessing the power of ERP allocates environmental impact on the product level and allows aggregation to higher levels in a product structure. • Using ERP ensures that all transactional and environmental data can be easily and confidently used for compliance, disclosure, and decision support.

THE ROLE OF ERP It quickly becomes clear that the depth and breadth of information required to track an environmental footprint is substantial. To simply ensure compliance with environmental regulations and customer-driven reporting requirements requires deep integration between supply chain management, contract management, bills of materials and routings, November 2011

multi-site/intercompany transactions, and other enterprise functionality. This data resides within ERP, so ERP is the natural place to handle environmental management functionality. In addition, the responsibility for overseeing and managing the environmental footprint must be on line managers rather than the administrative staff. Only the executive responsible for managing profit and loss can use this data to balance environmental and financial advantage. Environmental key performance indicators (KPIs) must be analyzed alongside KPIs that relate to business performance, and ERP is the platform used by senior executives to manage the broad spectrum of metrics that ensure business success. While manufacturers might look at third-party products that purport to offer some degree of environmental management functionality on specific data points, such as carbon production or energy consumption, these point solutions are neither capable nor flexible enough to manage the entirety of the environmental footprint or the changing customer and market demands. In addition, the broad number of integration points makes it very messy (if not impractical) to get these “bolt-on” applications to integrate well with ERP. Such integrations are subject to the drawbacks of all software integration projects. The integration is not stable because the ERP product and the thirdparty environmental package are not on the same release schedule. This adds increased cost each time either product is upgraded to a new version. Instead, it makes sense for manufacturers to look at whether the central ERP package carries enough information about each of the components that the company buys or manufactures to help with initial environmental reporting or decision support goals. A next level of sophistication would be an ERP product with an environmental footprint tracking tool already embedded in the package. This delivers a level of future-proofing and simplicity that may become more in demand in the market as manufacturers continue to document their impact on the environment.

SELECTING ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT TOOLS Currently, manufacturers with any degree of environmental footprint measurement and management capabilities November 2011

The system can illustrate the buildup of component emissions.

rely almost exclusively on either standalone carbon footprint software or oneoff integrations between ERP tools and packaged or custom software. As previously mentioned, a more elegant, affordable and flexible solution involves the inclusion of environmental footprint management directly in the ERP package as a native piece of functionality. Determining which suppliers truly have this functionality should be a major concern for those evaluating enterprise software packages designed to deliver environmental footprint management. To this end, manufacturers can ask several questions of enterprise software vendors that claim to offer a solution in this area. Can you track environmental impacts like you can track cost? In essence, environmental impacts are a cost, and they are driven by the same types of activities that drive financial cost. Every manufacturer keeps track of the costs to some extent, including standard cost or actual cost, at varying levels of granularity. Everything that is purchased, every time materials or products are moved, every manufacturing activity, and every business process drives cost and also carries an environmental impact. How does the environmental footprint management solution take advantage of the existing costing system to reduce complexity in measuring environmental impacts? How is the environmental management tool linked to supply chain and materials management? One major contributor to the environmental footprint of a manufac-

turing company is its supply chain. Manufacturers need to understand what their products are made of on a raw material level; the environmental impact of creating, manufacturing or mining those materials; and the impact of transporting them to the plant. How is the environmental management tool linked to manufacturing operations functionality? Once the environmental impact of the supply chain is understood, manufacturers need to keep track of their operations and manufacturing processes. How will a solution help a company see how much energy these processes consume, what emissions are associated with them, what chemicals they consume, and what potentially dangerous chemicals (e.g., lead, cadmium or mercury) are involved? How will the environmental management tool track environmental impacts? The environmental management tool will need to allow manufacturers to measure how the product is used, how much energy it consumes and whether it emits any substances (e.g., cadmium or lead) when in use. How will the environmental management tool help us measure and plan for the end-of-life impacts of the product? If some portions of a product are poisonous, end-of-life disposal or decommissioning can be a major concern. But even under ideal circumstances, attention will need to be paid to how much of the product can be reclaimed or recycled, how product design impacts the Adhesives & Sealants Industry

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GREENING THE SUPPLY CHAIN

Manufacturers can track the environmental impact of each part.

ease or difficulty of recycling, and how any potentially dangerous substances within the product are to be handled. This type of data must be on hand for every part across the product structure, which means that manufacturers need to keep track of product structures at a very granular level of detail.

How much flexibility to change, expand and reconfigure the environmental management tool will we have, and what is the cost of that flexibility? Environmental measurement and management requirements are not static. New regulations will be promulgated. New reporting demands will be placed

on manufacturers by their customers and the market. New products will bring new challenges. An environmental management solution that can measure only one impact, like carbon emissions, is of little value. Moreover, environmental management solutions that rely on extensive integrations that are limited in capability or expensive to change and expand are equally undesirable. When it comes to environmental management, a manufacturer ought to start small and plan to expand their program over time as needed or desirable. A company should make an initial decision based on what should be measured first. Immediate environmental reporting demands might need to be satisfied, or other obvious environmental impacts might receive priority. For instance, a company that manufactures adhesives may want to measure impacts stemming from solvents used in manufacture. That company may eventually extend its environmental footprint management program to manufacturing and aftermarket considerations, but measuring impacts stemming from solvents is the best place to start. For any manufacturer, it makes little sense to invest heavily in a solution

At Tremco, sustainability is a way of life

W E D O N ’ T J U S T TA L K A B O U T S U S TA I N A B I L I T Y – W E L I V E I T. At Tremco Commercial Sealants & Waterproofing, we have taken this word and everything it stands for and have incorporated it into our product development activities, our operations and our corporate culture. Teams have been established to look at energy savings and process time reductions at all of our facilities. Our Toronto manufacturing facility achieved zero landfill in just under two-and-a-half years! And, using our sustainable products, integrated design and best practices, we have transformed our vintage 1970 headquarters into a model for sustainable design.

At Tremco, sustainability has literally become the cornerstone of our business.

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3735 Green Road Beachwood, OH 44122 216.292.5000 www.tremcosealants.com

November 2011

that will meet only immediate needs and will require additional major investments to expand and be reconfigured over time.

CASE IN POINT Casco Adhesives, part of AkzoNobel, has signed an agreement with IFS to upgrade and extend its business applications to streamline processes and improve environmental management. The extension includes the implementation by Casco Adhesives of IFS Eco-footprint Management, which will be used to analyze and document the environmental impact of its operations throughout the value chain. Located in Kristinehamn and Nacka, Sweden, Casco Adhesives has been using IFS Applications since 1994. Today, the company uses IFS Applications to control and monitor financials, production, and logistics. In addition to IFS Eco-footprint Management, the recent upgrade includes: • The new IFS Enterprise Explorer user interface to increase user productivity • IFS Trade Management, a new component designed for companies with more advanced requirements within trade and distribution, and increased support for product development in the process industry

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Scandinavia CEO. “IFS has invested in speed and agility, and can already meet customer demands by offering this tool as an integrated part of the ERP solution. The tool will help our customers manage risk at the board level, position themselves in the market, and fulfill increasing stringent legislation.” IFS Applications for the chemical industry provides support for all critical business processes, including material compliance, batch balancing, recipe management, quality management and demand planning. The application suite also includes solutions for enterprise asset management, product lifecycle management, customer relationship management, finance and human resource management.

EMBRACING GREEN The green supply chain trend is good for the environment. It will also be good for manufacturers who embrace it and leverage the right technology to document their environmental footprints for customers and the market. For more information, visit www.ifsworld.com. Casco Adhesives’ website is located at www.akzonobel.com/ cascoadhesives.

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Casco Adhesives’ ambition is to develop, test, environmentally certify and launch its products faster, and to more clearly position itself as a leader in sustainable development. “The environment and quality are in focus throughout our organization,” said Sara Nilsson, Casco Adhesives’ acting environment manager. “We hold environmental (ISO 14001) and quality (ISO 9001) certifications, and work continuously to reduce resource consumption, meet increasing environmental requirements for our raw materials, develop eco-friendly products, and reduce waste. With IFS Eco-footprint Management, we get a solution that is integrated with our ERP software and that will streamline the company’s sustainability efforts.” Eco-footprint Management enables environmental impact to be traced along the entire value chain, from raw material procurement and production to distribution and the use of products in the field. The system makes it possible to analyze businesses from a holistic perspective and gain an overview of environmental costs. “Whether our customers need to meet legislative requirements or be proactive in their environmental efforts, this is exactly the type of tool they require,” said Glenn Arnesen, IFS

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9/9/11 1:28 PM

PROFILES This feature provides a listing of green products that are offered by leading adhesive and sealant companies. To send submissions for future installments of this feature, email Teresa McPherson, managing editor, at [email protected]. ELLSWORTH ADHESIVES Solar Conformal Coatings HumiSeal UV40 solar conformal coatings have been added to this company’s product line. The coatings are designed to protect photovoltaic (PV) cells, particularly concentrator photovoltaic cells (CPV). The coatings are engineered to stabilize for prolonged exposure to sunlight so that they do not discolor or degrade over time. In addition, the coatings meet SAE-J-1960 and QUV accelerated age testing. The new technology can provide multiple advantages, including being much smaller, and providing lower costs and higher efficiencies than standard PV cells. Web: www.ellsworth.com

EMERALD PERFORMANCE MATERIALS Foam-Control Agent A new zero-VOC foam control agent, FOAM BLAST® 4201, has been introduced to meet the performance challenges of today’s more environmentally conscious waterborne architectural and industrial coatings, graphic arts, and other latex polymer applications. The alkyl phenol ethoxylate (APE)free defoamer is reportedly effective in a range of coatings and graphic arts formulations, including flat, high gloss, clear, and pigmented systems in both the grind and let-down stages. When tested in a range of formulated resin systems from 0 to 50 g/l VOC, lower dosages of FOAM BLAST 4201 reportedly provided excellent, longer lasting foam control. The material also can eliminate the need for separate foam-control products, offering a single foam-control solution. Web: www.emeraldmaterials.com

soldering behavior with excellent adhesion to silicon wafers and have demonstrated field-proven module performance. Web: www.ferro.com

HUNTSMAN ADVANCED MATERIALS REACH-Compliant Adhesives Three high-performance REACH-compliant epoxy adhesives are now available for use by aerospace manufacturers and component suppliers for fabrication, assembly, and repair. The products reportedly comply with federal regulations and are qualified to OEM specifications governing the performance properties of materials used to build and maintain commercial and corporate/private aircraft, as well as helicopters. Phone: (281) 719-4859 Web: www.huntsman.com

3M Spray Adhesives This company’s Industrial Adhesives and Tapes Division has launched new low-VOC aerosol spray adhesives with an up to 50% reduction of VOCs, giving customers more “future friendly” adhesive options that help them meet air quality and environmental goals. All of the new products are GREENGUARD Children and Schools CertifiedSM, a product certification recognizing low-emitting building materials and other products used in environments where children and other sensitive populations spend extended periods of time. Web: www.3m.com/lowVOCaerosols

WACKER FERRO ELECTRONIC MATERIALS Silver Conductor Pastes Two new rear silver conductor pastes reportedly reduce cost per watt while maintaining the same adhesion, solderability, and field reliability as current commercial products, enabling solar energy to become a more cost-competitive energy generation alternative. The new pastes have pure silver metallurgy and can enable fast printing at speeds of more than 200 mm per second. They are compatible with the company’s back surface aluminum pastes and can be co-fired in a wide processing window. Both provide robust 40

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Silicone Encapsulant A new silicone encapsulant for the solar industry is available that can enable flexible thin-film modules to be laminated cost effectively using roll-to-roll processing. Marketed under the trade name ELASTOSIL® Solar 2200, this new product is transparent, pourable and non-corrosive. It vulcanizes rapidly at elevated temperature and reportedly features outstanding adhesive properties. In its cured state, it can provide all types of thin-film solar cells with effective long-term protection from chemical and mechanical stresses. Web: www.wacker.com November 2011

WHAT’S NEW RAW MATERIALS ESSTECH ELASTOMERS

EXOTHANE™ elastomers reportedly represent the most recent advances in Esstech’s urethane chemistry. The materials can offer performance enhancements across a range of demanding formulations, including low volumetric shrinkage, low shrinkage stress, a high percent of elongation, high hardness and low color. The elastomers can reportedly modify formulations without sacrificing the addition of non-reactive additives. Web: www.esstechinc.com

VANDEMARK VILSMEIER REAGENT

Vilsmeier reagent [(chloromethylene) dimethylammonium chloride] is designed for use in dehydration, chlorination and formylation reactions. According to the company, the material can reduce byproduct formation in reactions and simplify workup. Use of the material can reportedly eliminate the need for the user to handle highly toxic phosgene, thionyl chloride, phosphoryl chloride or oxalyl chloride to generate a reagent. The material is a stable, crystalline solid prepared from dimethylformamide (DMF) and carbonyl dichloride (phosgene). Web: www.vdmchemical.com

FORMULATED ADHESIVES ASHLAND PERFORMANCE MATERIALS UV/EB ADHESIVES AND COATINGS

A commercial unit of Ashland Inc., this company has introduced a new product name, PureRad™, for its range of UV/EB coatings and adhesives previously sold under the NWC name. The company is working to complete the product transition to the new name before the end of the year. Web: www.ashland.com

AVERY DENNISON SHRINK LABELS

This company’s Label and Packaging Materials (LPM) division introduced a new brandenhancing pressure-sensitive labeling solution for meat and dairy packaging applications at Labelexpo 2011, which took place September 28-October 1. The patent-pending Avery Dennison Shrink PS is engineered to survive the vacuum-shrink process without wrinkling, November 2011

providing both shelf appeal and productionrelated benefits. The labels are applied to shrinkable bags off- or in-line prior to filling and vacuum sealing. Compared with preprinted shrink-bag labeling, the Shrink PS solution reportedly offers enhanced labeling flexibility and the opportunity to differentiate products at a later stage in the packaging process. Web: www.enhanceyourbrand.com

DYMAX LIGHT-CURE ADHESIVE

Ultra Light-Weld® 3069 is a UV/visible lightcurable adhesive designed for rapid bonding and laminating of a variety of plastic substrates. The high-performance, solvent-free adhesive can cure in seconds, allowing for faster processing, increased output and lower processing costs. The adhesive is designed to bond to a variety of both rigid and flexible plastics, including PVC, polycarbonate, polyurethane, PET, and PETG. It offers manufacturers flexibility advantages over other fastening methods such as welding, mechanical fasteners and traditional adhesives. Web: www.dymax.com

FRANKLIN ADHESIVES & POLYMERS FILTER ADHESIVES

This company, a division of Franklin International, has introduced the FilterFAB line of adhesives, a line of three adhesives that reportedly meets many bonding applications in the assembly of air and liquid filters. The line includes two water-based polyvinyl acetate (PVA) adhesives for assembly, and a polyurethane filtration adhesive that can handle end cap potting and edge/frame sealing. In-house testing reportedly indicates that both PVA adhesives, FilterFAB 200 and FilterFAB 300, offer stronger bond strength than other filter fabrication adhesives. Filters assembled using the FilterFAB adhesives reportedly had significantly more paper tear than the filter assembled with a competitive adhesive. Web: www.franklinadhesivesandpolymers.com

a flexible package to be laminated, slit, pouched and shipped, and then filled and shipped with finished goods in as few as three days. Web: www.hbfuller.com

MACTAC GENERAL-PURPOSE TAPE

MACbond® IB1161 is a new industrial-strength, generalpurpose bonding solution for a range of applications. The double-faced tape is a 0.5-mil polyester (PET) film carrier with a self-wound, 60# super calendered kraft (SCK) paper liner that provides good strength and stability for optimum handling through various slitting, laminating, and die-cutting processes. The tape was primarily developed for gasket converters, foam fabricators and wide web laminators as an assembly aid in automotive, electronics, appliance, and other specialty market applications. Web: www.mactac.com

VENTURE TAPE GLAZING TAPES

This company has added two new products to its glazing product line for residential and nonresidential markets. Both products reportedly offer superior adhesive performance and a clean, bold look. Venture Tape® VG700 series and VG1200 series glazing tapes are closed-cell polyolefin foam tapes with a differential adhesive system designed for window and door glazing applications. The double-coated foam systems are designed for adhesion to PVC and other typical sash and frame materials, as well as glass. The liner side adhesive is designed for adhesion to glass. The exposed/sash side adhesive on both series is compatible with PVC, steel, wood, aluminum, and other surfaces, and uses higher heat resistance, better structural strength, and improved performance for in-plant applications. Web: www.venturetape.com

EQUIPMENT

ELLSWORTH H.B. FULLER CO.

PACKAGING SYSTEM

LAMINATING ADHESIVE

The Ellsworth Packaging Advantage is a new protective packaging system that is now standard for all containers that are prone to damage during nor-

This company now offers Flextra Fast™ solventless laminating adhesive, which enables

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WHAT’S NEW mal shipping and handling. The program is available for no additional cost to Ellsworth customers. Specialty chemicals packaged in common metal and plastic containers can be harmed during and after delivery. Leakage caused by damaged packaging can lead to safety issues and hazardous waste disposal. In addition, other problems that may impact customer costs arise, including lost time due to unusable inventory and expensive product returns. This new protective packaging can significantly reduce harm to containers and the secondary costs associated with this damage. Key features include premium corrugated cardboard boxes, custom-fitted PK foam inserts that insulate containers inside the box, and recyclable paper padding. Web: www.ellsworth.com

can provide complete product discharge and easy cleanout. Vacuum drying can lower the evaporation temperature of liquids to improve heat and mass transfer and protect temperaturesensitive products. The equipment offers working capacities form 0.1-400 ft3. Complete systems are available, including vacuum, solvent recovery and heating packages. Additional options include high-pressure half-pipe jacket, liquid addition, high-speed lump breakers, automated drum loading and discharging, inert gas purging, and PLC controls. Web: www.pauloabbe.com

be available at the end of October. The report is the companion study to the American and Asian reports recently issued by the Adhesive & Sealant Council (ASC). The European report’s contents follow the same structure as offered in the previous two FEICA reports (2004-2007 and 2007-2010). Web: www.feica.com/library/market-reports

IRPHOTONICS THERMAL IMAGING SERVICE

HENKEL

This company has acquired a high-resolution FLIR thermal imaging camera to expand the capabilities of its application engineering lab. The camera will reportedly help the company’s application engineering lab engineers analyze the distribution of heat in the parts that are exposed to the iCure curing system to optimize energy, wavelength and irradiance to meet particular process needs or improve clients’ manufacturing productivity. “This added capability will play an important role in the development of customized curing profiles for our clients, as it shows exactly how heat is distributed in the part, which in turn leads to better control and optimization of the curing process,” said Ruben Burga, vice president of Sales. Web: www.icure-irphotonics.com

PLASTICS BONDING GUIDE

NORDSON CORP. POWDER SPRAY GUN

This company announced plans to introduce its latest manual powder spray gun, the Encore LT, as well as the new Encore modular control system for automatic guns, at the NAI Coatings Show. The Encore LT manual spray gun is reportedly lightweight and well-balanced. Features include an all-digital controller with a large blue LED display. “Designed with everyday coating in mind, the Encore LT gun has excellent features at an affordable price,” said Bob Allsop, marketing manager for Nordson powder coating systems. “It is an extremely robust gun that can handle the rigors of everyday use, while its lightweight, well-balanced design and ease of use make it a big hit with operators. We are also offering a five-year warranty on parts and a twoyear warranty on the cable.” Web: www.nordson.com

CHARLES ROSS & SON CO. HIGH-SHEAR MIXER SYSTEM

The Ross Solids/Liquid Injection Manifold (SLIM) is a high-shear mixer system designed to prevent the formation of agglomerates and “fish eyes” in thickened solutions. This method of powder induction uses a specially engineered rotor/stator assembly that reportedly generates a powerful vacuum for drawing solids into the mix chamber. The liquid stream enters the mixer and immediately encounters the powder addition under intense shear conditions. The resulting dispersion is expelled centrifugally through the stator openings at high velocity. Stubborn agglomerates and “fish eyes” are reportedly prevented from forming. The sub-surface addition of solids also eliminates the occurrence of floating powders in batch tanks. Shown is a 3-A certified, 25-HP portable inline SLIM unit with hopper attachment. At the end of a cycle, the unit can be cleaned in place and moved to a different tank. Other installations hard-pipe the inline mixer to multiple batch tanks, and simple valves are used to divert finished product downstream or switch instantly from the source vessel to another. Inline SLIM mixers reportedly eliminate the need for an auxiliary pump in most applications. Web: www.mixers.com

FEICA

VACUUM DRYERS

EUROPEAN MARKET REPORT

Rota-Cone vacuum dryers are reportedly an effective and economical solution for many solids drying applications. The clean internal design

The Association of the European Adhesive and Sealant Industry (FEICA) announced the new edition of its “European Market Report” would

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P R O D U C T & L I T E R AT U R E

Showcase Leading the Way in 2K New catalog from Nordson EFD offers the complete line of TAH systems for meter mix and cartridge applications for two-component adhesives, including mixers, cartridges, dispensers, and valves. For a free copy, visit www.nordsonefd.com/ads/asi-1010.

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To simplify the challenge of determining the most effective adhesive/plastic bonding combinations, this company has updated and reintroduced its “Loctite® Design Guide for Bonding Plastics.” The 96-page guide provides detailed technical information on the seven leading adhesive technologies that can bond the 30 most common plastic substrates. The guide provides bond strength data for substrates such as ABS, delrin, nylon, polycarbonate, polypropylene, polyethylene and PVC. In addition, it presents shear strength data on 23 Loctite adhesives, including cyanoacrylates, epoxies, hot melts, lightcure acrylics, polyurethanes, silicones and no-mix/ static-mix acrylics. Phone: (800) LOCTITE Web: www.henkelna.com/loctitestructurals

November 2011

P R I VAT E L A B E L I N G S E R V I C E S

SERVICES MARKETPLACE D I S T R I B U T I O N S E RV I C E S Heigl Technologies ...................................................................................... 43

L A B O R AT O R Y & T E S T I N G S E R V I C E S Chemsultants International Network ............................................................ 44 Delsen Testing Laboratories .......................................................................... 44

M A N U FA C T U R I N G & P R O C E S S I N G S E R V I C E S Polymeric Systems, Inc. ............................................................................... 44 Resin Lab .................................................................................................... 44

Seeking Private Label Business • Seeking new Private Label/toll manufacturing for solvent-free adhesives, sealants/coatings. • Leader in North American polyether technology • Multiple packaging configurations • Standard and custom formulations • Excellent turnaround w/newly expanded capacities • Dedicated R&D facility [email protected] 800-826-1681 • www.chemlinkinc.com

P R I VAT E L A B E L I N G S E R V I C E S ChemLink.................................................................................................... 43 The Ruscoe Company .................................................................................. 43asi0211class-chemlink.indd This index is a feature maintained for the convenience of the advertiser. It is not part of the advertiser’s contract, and ASI assumes no responsibility for its accuracy.

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The Ruscoe Company has been serving international industry with Pliobond adhesive and a host of other indu ppremium, unparalleled adhesive and sealant pproducts since 1947. We have consistently upgraded our formulas W tto match customer requirements, while simulttaneously meeting or exceeding governmental rregulations.

Heigl Adhesives will provide distribution services tailored to your manufacturing needs. *Epoxies *Hot Melts *Cyanacrylates *Anaerobics *Urethanes *Silicones

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asi1010SMS-Heigl.indd 1

We’re at the cutting edge of innovation and curW rrently offer our customers a plethora of marketing aand distribution options.

Consider: VOC C C compliant, ppremium products ducts in your ccompany’s name. ame. FFor additional information, and a confidential ial review of your requirements,, please E-Mail: Sales@Ruscoe. oe. com or call Paul MIchalec, President, at 330.253.8148

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November 2011

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A Adhesives & Sealants Industry iis a FREE magazine serving gglobal manufacturers, fformulators and end users of Don’t forget to sign up to aadhesives and sealants, pressure ASI’s free eNewsletter. ssensitives, and other adhesive/ ssealant products. www.adhesivesmag.com/renewonline November 2011

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Publication Detail 1 Publication Name 1 Publication Number 2 ISSN 3 Filing Date 4 Issue Frequency 5 Number of Issues Published Annually 6 Annual Subscription Price 7 Complete Mailing Address of Known Office of Publication 7 7 7 Contact Person 7 Telephone 8 Complete Mailing Address of Headquarter or General Business Office of Publisher 8 8 9 Publisher (Name and complete mailing address) 9 9 9 Editor (Name and complete mailing address) 9 9 9 Managing Editor (Name and complete mailing address) 9 9 Owner 10 10 10 10 10

ADHESIVES AND SEALANTS INDUSTRY 13346 10709592 10/03/2011 MONTHLY 12 178.00 2401 W BIG BEAVER RD STE 700 TROY, OAKLAND, MI 48084-3333 CATHERINE RONAN (248) 244-8259 2401 W BIG BEAVER RD STE 700 TROY, MI 48084-3333 AMY VALLANCE 6075 GLICK RD STE B POWELL, OH 43065-8390 SUSAN SUTTON 6075 GLICK RD STE B POWELL, OH 43065-8390 TERESA MC PHERSON 6075 GLICK RD STE B POWELL, OH 43065-8390

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Known Bondholders, Mortgagees, Other Security Holders 11 Line

Full Name

Complete Mailing Address

13 14

ADHESIVES AND SEALANTS INDUSTRY 09/01/2011

1 2 3 4

Publication Title Issue Date for Circulation Data Below

15b3

No. Copies of Single Issue Average No. Copies Each Issue Published Nearest to Filing Date During Preceding 12 Months Extend and Nature of Circulation Total Number of Copies (net press run) 8665 9319 Outside County Paid/Requested Mail Subscriptions stated on PS Form 3541. (Include direct written request from recipient, telemarketing and Internet requests from recipient, paid subscriptions including nominal rate subscriptions, employer requests, advertiser's proof copies, and exchange copies.) 4715 4911 In-County Paid/Requested Mail Subscriptions stated on PS Form 3541. (Include direct written request from recipient, telemarketing and Internet requests from recipient, paid subscriptions including nominal rate subscriptions, employer requests, advertiser's proof copies, and exchange copies.) 0 0 Sales through Dealers and Carriers, Street Vendors, Counter Sales, and Other Paid or Requested Distribution Outside USPS 505 662

15b4 15c

Requested Copies Distributed by Other Mail Classes Through the USPS (e.g. First-Class Mail) Total Paid and/or Requested Circulation

0 5220

0 5573

15d1

Outside County Nonrequested Copies stated on PS Form 3541 (include Sample copies, Requests Over 3 years old, Requests induced by a Premium, Bulk Sales and Requests including Association Requests, Names obtained from Business Directories, Lists, and other sources)

2334

2321

0

0

15 15a

15b1

15b2

15d2

15d3 15d4 15e 15f 15g 15h 15i

In-County Nonrequested Copies stated on PS Form 3541 (include Sample copies, Requests Over 3 years old, Requests induced by a Premium, Bulk Sales and Requests including Association Requests, Names obtained from Business Directories, Lists, and other sources) Nonrequested Copies Distributed Through the USPS by Other Classes of Mail (e.g. First-Class Mail, Nonrequestor Copies mailed in excess of 10% Limit mailed at Standard Mail or Package Services Rates) Nonrequested Copies Distributed Outside the Mail (include Pickup Stands, Trade Shows, Showrooms and Other Sources) Total Nonrequested Distribution Total Distribution Copies not Distributed Total Percent Paid and/or Requested Circulation

10

15

671 3015 8235 430 8665 63.39

1000 3336 8909 410 9319 62.55

16

Publication of Statement of Ownership

Publication of this statement will be printed in the NOVEMBER, 2011 issue of this publication

17 17 17

Signature and Title of Editor, Publisher, Business Manager, or Owner Title Date

RONA2C (Catherine Ronan)

Version

PS Form 3526, September 2007

November 2011

10/03/2011 09:37:43 AM

If your company was mentioned in ASI, reprints of that article are a great sales tool!

Why Reprints? Distribute them at tradeshows. Mail them to your prospects. Use them in sales presentations. Call Peg at 614-760-4222 or email: vanwinklep@ bnpmedia.com Adhesives & Sealants Industry

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45

ASK

AD INDEX

DR.DAVE

QUESTION: We are developing a new dental instrument and will use several adhesives to assemble it. What types of adhesives have the lowest toxicity, and do we need to find adhesives that are FDA approved? ANSWER: The U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) does not approve adhesives used in medical devices. Only the final device needs approval, and it makes a big difference whether the adhesive comes into contact with the body or body fluids. However, you obviously want to choose adhesives that will not cause approval problems in your instrument. Several manufacturers supply adhesives that are approved or certified to national or international standards. In the U.S., the standard has traditionally been called USP Class VI, but many manufacturers are now moving to the ISO 10993 international standard. Both standards involve testing an adhesive to show it is non-toxic and biocompatible. The companies that invest in these certifications also have quality assurance programs in place to ensure batch-to-batch reproducibility of their products. Several different adhesive technologies are used in medical device adhesives. An important point to remember is that, while a liquid adhesive may appear quite hazardous when you read its Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS), the toxicity testing is always carried out on the cured adhesive. Epoxies, cyanoacrylates, light- or UV-cured acrylics, polyurethanes. and silicones are all candidate adhesives and sealants. Your choice will depend on the specific materials you are bonding and your assembly method. For example, epoxy adhesives have been used quite widely but are sometimes not the perfect choice where very high assembly speeds are required. They take quite a long time to cure, and UV-cured acrylics have replaced them in some applications because they can be cured in seconds. Another important consideration is whether your instrument requires sterilization before use or between uses, and what type of sterilization is used. Steam sterilization is usually the most difficult situation for adhesive bonds, and you need to make sure you do the appropriate testing.

Learn about “Adhesives and Sealants in Medical Device Assembly” with Dr. Dave Dunn in a free webinar on November 15. Visit www.assemblymag.com to register or for additional details.

Chemquest Int’l Chemicals

www.chemquest.com

22

Conn & Co.

www.connblade.com

13

Connolly Bove Lodge & Hutz LLP

www.cblh.com

Dow Construction Chemicals

www.dowconstructionchemicals.com

11

Evonik Industries AG

www.evonik.com/adhesives-sealants

19

F.L.D. Enterprises

[email protected]

31

Lanxess Corp

www.imass.com

BC

Loparex Inc.

www.loparex.com

25

Merlin Packaging Technologies Inc.

www.merlinpackaging.com

10

Poly-Clip Systems

www.polyclip.com

Semco

www.nynas.com

3

IFC

7

Tremco Commercial Sealants & Waterproofing

www.tremcosealants.com

38

Univar USA Inc.

[email protected]

4

Wacker Chemicals Corporation

www.wacker.com

9

Dr. Dave Dunn is a former vice president and director of Loctite Corp. and has spent many years troubleshooting adhesive and sealant problems in the adhesives, sealants, specialty rubbers, and plastics fields. Questions for publication should be directed to him at 242 Trails End, Aurora, OH 44202; (330) 562-2930; FAX (330) 247-1690; email [email protected]; or visit www.fldenterprises.com. Any views or opinions expressed in this column are those of the author and do not represent those of Adhesives & Sealants Industry, its staff, Editorial Advisory Board or BNP Media.

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www.adhesivesmag.com

This index is a feature maintained for the convenience of the advertiser. It is not part of the advertiser’s contract, and ASI assumes no responsibility for its accuracy.

November 2011

Leading You To

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