From World Development Indicators
The Little Data Book on
Private Sector Development
Economic and social context Investment climate Private sector investment Finance and banking Infrastructure
2010
THE LITTLE DATA BOOK ON PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT
Copyright ©2010 by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/THE WORLD BANK 1818 H Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20433 U.S.A. All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America First printing May 2010 ISBN: 978-0-8213-8247-9 eISBN: 978-0-8213-8448-0 DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-8247-9 SKU: 18247 The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 is a product of the Development Data Group of the Development Economics Vice Presidency and the Investment Climate Department of the Financial and Private Sector Development Vice Presidency of the World Bank Group. Editing, design, and layout by Communications Development Incorporated, Washington, D.C. Cover design by Peter Grundy Art & Design, London, U.K.
Contents Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Data notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi
Regional tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 East Asia and Pacific. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Europe and Central Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Middle East and North Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 South Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Income group tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Low income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Middle income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Lower middle income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Upper middle income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Low and middle income. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Euro area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 High income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Country tables (in alphabetical order) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Glossary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
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Acknowledgments The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 is based on World Development Indicators 2010 and its accompanying CD-ROM, with a focus on the private sector in development. The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2010 is the result of close collaboration between the staff of the World Bank’s Development Data Group of the Development Economics Vice Presidency and the Investment Climate Department of the Financial and Private Sector Development Vice Presidency. The Development Data Group team included David Cieslikowski, Richard Fix, Buyant Erdene Khaltarkhuu, Alison Kwong, Raymond Muhula, and William Prince. The Investment Climate Department’s project coordinator was Shokraneh Minovi. The work was carried out under the management of Shaida Badiee, director of the Development Data Group, and Pierre Guislain, director of the Investment Climate Department. Meta de Coquereaumont, Christopher Trott, and Elaine Wilson of Communications Development Incorporated provided design, editing, and layout. Staff from External Affairs oversaw publication and dissemination of the book.
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Preface The global financial crisis has led to rising interest in private sector development and economic growth. There is strong evidence that crises can stimulate investment climate reform. A better investment climate makes economic adjustment easier and helps attract capital to create jobs and provide basic services. Well functioning finance markets and a robust private sector are critical in increasing productivity and growth and spreading equality of opportunity. The availability of cross-country data on the business environment has rapidly expanded in recent years, including data from the World Bank’s Doing Business project and Enterprise Surveys. These data sources report on the scope and types of regulations that enhance—and constrain—business activity and provide information on business owners’ assessments of the business environment. The data have led to new research, enabled benchmarking, and informed the reform process in many developing countries. Included in this guide are indicators on the economic and social context, the investment climate, private sector investment, finance and banking, and infrastructure. Though a pocket guide cannot include all relevant variables, the indicators that are included provide users with a general understanding of the private sector in each country. Indicators displayed in the tables are defined in the Glossary, which also lists data sources. We welcome your suggestions for how to improve future editions and make them more useful.
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Data notes The data in this book are for 2000 and 2008 or the most recent year unless otherwise noted in the table or the Glossary. •
Growth rates are proportional changes from the previous year unless otherwise noted.
•
Regional aggregates include data for low- and middle-income economies only.
•
Figures in italics indicate data for years or periods other than those specified.
Symbols used: ..
indicates that data are not available or that aggregates cannot be calculated because of missing data.
0 or 0.0
indicates zero or small enough that the number would round to zero at the displayed number of decimal places.
$
indicates current U.S. dollars.
Data are shown for economies with populations greater than 30,000 or for smaller economies if they are members of the World Bank. The term country (used interchangeably with economy) does not imply political independence or official recognition by the World Bank but refers to any economy for which the authorities report separate social or economic statistics.
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Regional tables The country composition of regions is based on the World Bank’s analytical regions and may differ from common geographic usage. East Asia and Pacific American Samoa, Cambodia, China, Fiji, Indonesia, Kiribati, Democratic Republic of Korea, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Vanuatu, Vietnam Europe and Central Asia Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kosovo, Kyrgyz Republic, Latvia, Lithuania, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan Latin America and the Caribbean Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Uruguay, Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela Middle East and North Africa Algeria, Djibouti, Arab Republic of Egypt, Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia, West Bank and Gaza, Republic of Yemen South Asia Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka Sub-Saharan Africa Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mayotte, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe
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World 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
6,084.9 6,697.3 2,755.9 3,102.8 5.5 6.4 5,264 8,654 3.2 3.1 3.6 3.0 29.1 27.7 19.3 17.7 67.3 69.3
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
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24.5 24.6
28.9 28.9
.. .. .. .. ..
36 8 51.2 3.0 48.3
8.6 1.8
11.0 4.1
.. 4.8 21.6 ..
.. 3.0 21.7 ..
–0.1 .. 98.8 92.5 8.7 9.5 130.5
–0.9 .. 92.2 80.6 9.0 3.2 129.7
7.0
6.0
43.2 2,389
.. 2,846
12.3 6.8
60.8 23.9
East Asia & Pacific 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
1,807.1 1,929.6 985.3 1,079.8 3.6 4.7 904 2,644 6.0 9.1 14.6 12.2 44.3 47.0 30.7 32.8 41.0 40.9
35.5 31.3
40.4 34.5
.. .. .. .. ..
42 8 56.7 3.1 38.0
8.2 1.1
8.5 1.2
17,993 2.6 30.5 8.9
10,579 3.3 37.8 18.3
–2.6 .. 104.6 45.8 .. .. 101.1
–1.1 .. 105.8 47.7 .. .. 99.8
6.9
5.1
34.3 879
.. 1,883
5.8 1.9
52.9 19.4
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
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Europe & Central Asia 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
440.5 195.0 10.5 2,011 2.7 9.5 34.0 19.5 56.5
443.3 200.0 6.9 7,350 6.2 6.7 32.4 17.9 60.8
35.1 31.8
34.3 34.9
.. .. .. .. ..
19 7 25.0 3.0 44.5
8.6 1.3
11.5 2.9
15,425 2.2 19.9 17.0
45,191 4.4 22.8 18.7
1.6 .. 25.9 24.9 12.8 10.4 17.4
0.3 .. .. .. 12.2 4.4 43.0
13.6
6.2
66.5 3,302
.. 3,958
7.5 2.5
109.9 28.6
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
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Latin America & Caribbean 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
512.4 221.0 9.0 3,802 3.0 5.6 29.7 18.3 64.7
566.1 264.5 7.3 6,768 3.9 6.6 32.7 17.6 60.6
20.1 21.2
24.0 24.1
.. .. .. .. ..
67 10 55.6 3.2 48.5
7.2 1.3
6.6 2.1
37,252 3.9 18.7 ..
40,851 3.0 21.1 16.2
.. .. 42.7 31.0 9.6 7.5 27.7
.. .. 54.9 40.1 9.7 2.5 38.8
8.5
7.9
24.3 1,582
.. 1,866
12.1 3.8
80.3 28.9
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
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Middle East & North Africa 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
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280.5 89.1 14.1 1,618 4.5 12.5 43.3 12.5 44.2
325.2 111.1 10.6 3,237 4.8 10.6 43.0 11.7 46.4
26.8 25.6
38.2 33.3
.. .. .. .. ..
23 9 54.8 3.5 41.6
12.9 0.4
10.1 0.5
1,310 1.2 22.0 14.0
3,942 4.6 24.8 15.0
.. .. 46.9 44.7 .. .. 38.4
1.7 .. 47.0 53.2 .. .. 35.8
4.9
4.3
68.4 1,043
75.6 1,435
2.2 0.9
58.0 18.9
South Asia 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
1,362.4 1,545.1 515.4 618.6 4.5 5.3 442 963 5.4 7.3 23.9 18.0 25.8 28.5 15.4 16.4 50.3 53.5
14.2 15.9
21.4 28.2
.. .. .. .. ..
28 7 75.8 4.5 40.0
3.7 0.1
2.7 0.2
3,027 0.7 22.2 15.8
33,367 3.3 32.0 23.8
–4.0 64.6 38.6 39.0 4.9 19.5 27.7
–2.2 61.3 65.0 61.4 6.4 9.1 49.5
6.9
6.6
30.4 359
56.9 482
0.3 0.5
32.6 4.7
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
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Sub-Saharan Africa 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
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671.8 263.1 .. 486 3.2 16.5 29.3 14.8 54.2
819.3 327.2 .. 1,077 5.2 12.3 33.0 14.8 54.7
32.4 30.7
36.2 38.8
.. .. .. .. ..
44 9 66.2 3.4 67.6
6.6 0.1
6.6 0.5
2,787 2.0 16.2 11.7
11,759 3.5 22.4 14.9
.. .. 40.0 31.2 .. .. 61.4
.. .. 42.8 34.0 .. .. 58.5
12.6
10.0
12.1 490
.. 550
1.8 0.5
33.3 6.5
Income group tables For operational and analytical purposes the World Bank’s main criterion for classifying economies is gross national income (GNI) per capita. Every economy in The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development is classified as low income, middle income, or high income. Low- and middle-income economies are sometimes referred to as developing economies. The use of the term is convenient; it is not intended to imply that all economies in the group are experiencing similar development or that other economies have reached a preferred or final stage of development. Classification by income does not necessarily reflect development status. Low-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of $975 or less in 2008. Middle-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of more than $975 but less than $11,906. Lower-middle-income and upper-middle-income economies are separated at a GNI per capita of $3,855. High-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of $11,906 or more. Euro area includes the member states of the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union that have adopted the euro as their currency: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, and Spain.
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Low income 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
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824.7 357.9 .. 290 4.5 32.0 24.2 12.1 43.8
976.2 441.4 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5
25.4 31.9
33.9 47.1
.. .. .. .. ..
44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4
7.0 0.1
18.2 0.5
886 1.9 20.4 12.6
7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1
.. .. 25.1 20.3 .. .. 20.5
.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5
12.5
10.8
12.1 255
.. 324
0.4 0.2
28.5 4.6
Middle income 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
4,249.9 4,652.3 1,911.0 2,159.8 5.5 6.4 1,321 3,251 4.1 6.4 10.9 9.5 35.5 37.1 21.5 21.6 53.6 53.5
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
27.2 25.6
31.3 30.2
.. .. .. .. ..
40 8 49.1 3.1 42.0
8.4 1.2
10.0 2.3
88,129 146,632 2.7 3.5 22.8 27.7 13.6 17.8
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
2008
.. .. 60.8 37.3 9.5 11.2 50.9
–0.6 .. 69.1 43.9 9.7 3.9 62.6
8.3
6.4
37.6 1,109
.. 1,666
5.2 1.8
56.8 17.3
2010
11
Lower middle income 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
3,361.5 3,703.0 1,527.1 1,727.9 4.3 5.5 771 2,073 5.5 8.3 16.8 13.4 39.5 41.1 24.4 26.6 43.7 45.5
27.2 25.5
35.4 33.7
.. .. .. .. ..
34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1
8.6 0.5
8.8 1.0
21,192 2.1 27.2 11.4
31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6
–3.0 .. 78.2 40.8 8.8 16.8 71.1
–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6
8.6
6.6
37.6 720
.. 1,310
3.4 1.2
47.0 13.9
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
12
2010
2008
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
Upper middle income 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
888.4 383.9 11.5 3,399 2.9 6.0 32.0 18.7 62.0
949.3 432.0 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2
27.2 25.7
27.8 27.2
.. .. .. .. ..
47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3
8.4 1.9
10.8 3.5
59,807 3.3 19.0 13.5
82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9
.. .. 44.5 34.0 9.5 8.1 33.8
.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6
7.8
6.2
41.8 2,581
.. 3,052
11.8 4.2
95.3 30.6
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2008
2010
13
Low and middle income 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
5,074.6 5,628.5 2,268.9 2,601.3 5.4 6.4 1,153 2,780 4.1 6.4 11.8 10.0 35.0 36.8 21.1 21.3 53.2 53.2
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
2010
27.1 25.8
31.4 30.7
.. .. .. .. ..
41 9 55.1 3.3 51.5
8.1 0.9
10.4 2.0
47,450 153,045 2.7 3.6 22.7 27.6 13.6 17.8
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
14
2008
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
.. .. 59.7 36.8 .. 11.6 49.9
–0.6 .. 68.7 43.6 .. 4.1 61.9
8.6
6.5
24.3 995
.. 1,478
4.4 1.6
52.2 15.3
Euro area 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
311.6 143.3 9.3 21,943 2.8 2.5 27.8 19.9 69.7
326.1 147.6 7.5 38,839 1.8 1.7 26.5 18.2 71.8
36.8 36.2
41.1 39.9
.. .. .. .. ..
15 6 36.5 1.6 45.9
8.6 2.5
8.9 3.8
.. 10.2 21.4 ..
.. 3.1 21.4 ..
0.0 60.5 .. .. 6.3 2.8 97.9
–0.7 51.7 .. .. 6.1 2.6 126.4
4.4
3.3
95.4 6,371
100.0 6,963
60.4 22.8
121.9 62.6
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2008
2010
15
High income 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
1,010.3 1,068.7 487.0 501.5 6.1 5.9 25,918 39,688 3.1 2.3 1.8 1.5 27.9 25.7 18.9 16.8 70.3 72.8
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
16
2010
2008
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
23.9 24.3
28.1 28.5
.. .. .. .. ..
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2
9.2 3.6
11.5 7.5
.. 5.3 21.4 ..
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
0.1 55.1 110.3 91.7 6.9 3.8 149.1
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
4.2
3.9
90.0 9,169
87.0 9,753
51.1 31.5
106.1 69.1
Country tables China Data for China do not include data for Hong Kong SAR, China; Macao SAR, China; or Taiwan, China.
Cyprus GNI and GDP data and data calculated using GNI and GDP refer to the area controlled by the government of the Republic of Cyprus. For more information, see World Development Indicators 2010 or data.worldbank.org.
Kosovo, Montenegro, and Serbia Montenegro declared independence from Serbia and Montenegro on June 3, 2006. Where available, data for each country are shown separately. However, some indicators for Serbia prior to 2006 include data for Montenegro. Moreover, data for most indicators for Serbia from 1999 onward exclude data for Kosovo, which in 1999 became a territory under international administration pursuant to UN Security Council Resolution 1244 (1999). Kosovo became a member of the World Bank on June 29, 2009, and its data are shown where available.
Moldova GNI and GDP data and data calculated using GNI and GDP exclude Transnistria. For more information, see World Development Indicators 2010 or data.worldbank.org.
Morocco GNI and GDP data and data calculated using GNI and GDP include Former Spanish Sahara. For more information, see World Development Indicators 2010 or data.worldbank.org.
Tanzania GNI and GDP data and data calculated using GNI and GDP refer to mainland Tanzania only. For more information, see World Development Indicators 2010 or data.worldbank.org.
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
17
Afghanistan South Asia
Low income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
Lowincome group 2008
23.6 7.4 .. .. .. 45.2 19.7 15.0 35.1 .. 47.4 30.6 61.6
29.0 9.3 8.5 370 11.8 31.6 26.3 16.2 42.1 22.7 50.3 17.2 52.7
.. .. .. .. .. .. 20 .. ..
160 7 4 30.0 .. 36.4 20 .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
6.8 28.8 1.4 45.8 8.5
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
70 .. 11.6 1.1
185 2.8 27.6 8.7
7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
–2.2 9.6 .. .. .. .. 8.9 9.6 ..
.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5
13.3 .. .. 0.0 0.0
29.3 .. 20.3 27.2 1.7
12.1 324
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
18
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5
33.9 47.1
44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5
10.8
28.5 4.6
Albania Europe & Central Asia
Lower middle income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
3.1 1.3 22.7 1,170 5.2 29.1 19.0 11.4 51.9 0.1 143.7 19.1 37.5
3.1 1.4 .. 3,840 5.4 20.8 19.6 19.6 59.6 3.4 83.9 31.2 59.4
Lower middleincome group 2008 3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5
35.4 33.7
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 9.1 0.5
82 5 5 56.0 .. 44.9 10 13.5 0.9
11.4 83.8 10.4 27.4 14.0
18.7 22.4 12.4 41.7 24.6
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
102 3.9 24.7 18.1
64 7.6 32.4 23.9
31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–6.7 51.9 32.4 40.9 .. .. 4.7 17.0 13.8
–3.0 .. 43.4 51.6 6.7 6.6 36.0 10.3 6.2
–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6
39.0 1,218 .. 1.0 0.1
.. 1,186 37.8 99.9 23.9
37.6 1,310
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0
6.6
47.0 13.9
19
Algeria Middle East & North Africa
Upper middle income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
30.5 11.1 29.8 1,610 3.2 8.9 58.6 7.5 32.5 0.3 75.3 41.2 21.4
34.4 14.5 13.8 4,190 4.3 6.9 62.1 4.6 31.0 4.4 64.6 47.5 23.5
Upper middleincome group 2008 949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2
27.8 27.2
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
136 24 14 17.0 2.5 72.0 .. 10.1 0.5
.. .. 27.6 124.9 ..
25.1 15.0 8.9 49.1 5.0
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
472 0.8 20.7 12.9
1,138 1.6 27.0 10.5
82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. 62.1 33.1 24.0 .. .. 6.0 –11.7 2.5
9.5 .. 32.7 41.1 .. .. 13.5 –2.5 6.3
.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
68.9 695 .. 0.3 0.5
70.2 902 4.8 92.7 11.9
41.8 3,052
20
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5
6.2
95.3 30.6
American Samoa East Asia & Pacific
Upper middle income Upper middleincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
0.06 .. 5.1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
0.07 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. .. .. ..
.. .. .. ..
82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6
.. .. .. 3.5 ..
.. .. .. 3.6 ..
41.8 3,052
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2
27.8 27.2
47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5
6.2
95.3 30.6
21
Andorra High income Highincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
.. .. .. .. 4.6 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
0.08 .. .. 36,970 6.4 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. .. .. ..
.. .. .. ..
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. 76.6 70.5
87.0 9,753
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
22
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8
28.1 28.5
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5
3.9
106.1 69.1
Angola Sub-Saharan Africa
Lower middle income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
Lower middleincome group 2008
14.3 6.2 .. 410 6.3 5.7 72.1 2.9 22.2 325.0 10.0 89.6 62.8
18.0 8.0 .. 3,340 13.5 6.6 67.8 4.8 25.7 12.5 75.0 75.6 50.8
.. .. .. .. .. .. 35 .. ..
169 68 8 58.0 6.2 53.2 35 .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
7.1 14.8 2.1 60.2 5.1
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
68 9.6 15.1 8.9
327 2.0 12.4 1.8
31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. 1.3 8.3 10.6 10.4 2.0 –60.8 63.6
.. .. 7.7 10.5 .. .. 12.5 –9.2 6.3
–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6
10.4 86 .. 0.2 0.1
.. 185 7.6 37.6 3.1
37.6 1,310
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5
35.4 33.7
34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0
6.6
47.0 13.9
23
Antigua and Barbuda High income Highincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
0.08 .. 8.4 7,960 4.4 3.9 19.8 2.3 76.3 .. 2.7 70.3 75.1
0.09 .. .. 13,200 6.4 3.0 27.8 1.9 69.2 .. 2.7 51.1 75.7
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
50 21 8 52.0 3.0 41.5 .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. 6.5 48.1 24.9
.. 20.8 73.7 ..
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. .. .. .. .. 72.9 11.7 7.0
.. .. .. .. .. .. 75.1 7.4 6.9
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
33.0 .. .. 28.5 6.5
.. .. .. 157.7 75.0
87.0 9,753
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
24
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8
28.1 28.5
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5
3.9
106.1 69.1
Argentina Latin America & Caribbean
Upper middle income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
Upper middleincome group 2008
36.9 16.3 15.0 7,460 2.7 5.0 27.6 17.5 67.4 –0.9 1.0 10.9 11.5
39.9 19.1 7.3 7,190 5.3 9.8 32.3 21.2 57.9 8.6 3.1 24.5 20.7
.. .. .. .. .. .. 35 7.2 0.6
118 27 15 95.0 2.8 108.1 35 7.5 0.6
.. .. .. .. ..
13.8 4.3 6.9 45.9 26.9
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
4,863 3.7 16.2 15.2
2,620 3.0 23.3 20.4
82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–5.7 .. 33.7 27.2 .. 16.0 23.9 9.9 2.7
–0.5 .. 20.3 18.5 12.9 2.7 13.7 0.3 8.4
.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6
29.4 2,085 .. 17.6 7.0
30.0 2,659 1.0 116.6 28.1
41.8 3,052
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2
27.8 27.2
47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5
6.2
95.3 30.6
25
Armenia Europe & Central Asia
Lower middle income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
3.1 1.5 11.7 660 5.1 25.5 35.4 24.1 39.0 –0.8 539.5 23.4 50.5
3.1 1.6 9.6 3,350 12.4 17.8 45.0 14.7 37.2 8.9 306.0 14.7 39.8
Lower middleincome group 2008 3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5
35.4 33.7
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4.9 1.2
43 15 6 13.0 1.9 36.2 20 6.8 1.9
1.9 33.7 5.3 2.3 12.6
10.3 13.3 31.9 16.3 26.9
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
33 5.5 18.4 15.9
686 7.8 40.0 35.2
31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. 10.5 7.6 14.3 17.5 9.9 33.4 13.5
–0.5 .. 11.9 10.0 23.0 4.4 17.4 8.0 10.4
–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6
96.8 1,295 .. 0.6 1.3
89.8 1,692 2.2 100.0 6.2
37.6 1,310
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
26
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0
6.6
47.0 13.9
Aruba High income Highincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
0.09 .. 7.5 .. 4.4 .. .. .. .. 4.0 1.8 69.9 91.2
0.11 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 9.0 1.8 .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. 28 .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. –6.5 .. ..
.. .. .. ..
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. 44.5 47.3 .. .. 45.2 7.7 5.9
.. .. 57.3 53.5 .. .. 57.0 9.8 7.6
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
.. .. .. 16.5 15.4
.. .. .. 114.6 22.8
87.0 9,753
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8
28.1 28.5
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5
3.9
106.1 69.1
27
Australia High income Highincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
19.2 9.6 6.3 20,710 4.1 3.5 26.9 13.2 69.6 4.5 1.7 19.9 21.9
21.4 11.3 4.2 40,240 3.3 2.5 29.1 10.5 68.4 4.4 1.2 20.7 22.6
.. .. .. .. .. .. 36 .. ..
9 2 2 4.0 1.0 48.0 30 14.0 6.5
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. 3.4 24.8 ..
.. 4.7 28.3 ..
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
1.9 28.4 .. .. 6.9 0.5 84.2 7.1 5.1
1.5 19.4 .. .. 4.2 0.5 121.5 4.3 3.7
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
38.7 10,055 .. 44.7 46.8
.. 11,249 .. 103.2 70.8
87.0 9,753
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
28
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8
28.1 28.5
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5
3.9
106.1 69.1
Austria High income Highincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
8.0 3.9 4.7 25,830 3.0 2.0 30.8 20.6 67.2 2.4 1.1 46.4 44.7
8.3 4.3 3.8 45,900 2.2 1.9 30.9 20.1 67.2 3.2 0.7 58.8 53.5
.. .. .. .. .. .. 34 5.2 0.6
28 28 8 2.0 1.1 55.5 25 4.6 0.6
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. 4.5 24.0 ..
.. 3.5 22.4 ..
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–2.0 65.9 .. .. 5.2 2.4 103.1 5.2 3.4
–0.7 64.5 .. .. 6.3 2.0 119.1 .. ..
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
100.0 7,109 .. 76.4 33.7
100.0 8,033 .. 129.7 71.2
87.0 9,753
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8
28.1 28.5
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5
3.9
106.1 69.1
29
Azerbaijan Europe & Central Asia
Lower middle income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
8.0 3.5 16.3 610 7.3 17.1 45.3 5.6 37.5 1.9 0.9 39.0 38.4
8.7 4.1 6.5 3,830 18.1 6.3 69.9 4.5 23.8 53.4 0.8 69.5 24.8
Lower middleincome group 2008 3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5
35.4 33.7
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 6.8 0.7
38 10 6 22.0 2.7 40.9 .. 7.1 0.9
3.0 61.1 4.6 6.0 12.1
3.0 43.2 19.0 9.7 18.2
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
61 2.5 23.1 20.1
474 0.0 20.1 5.2
31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–4.7 .. 10.3 7.5 .. 28.0 5.9 6.4 6.8
0.4 .. 14.3 10.2 .. .. 16.5 –1.0 7.5
–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6
92.3 2,040 .. 5.2 0.1
49.4 2,394 2.9 75.4 28.2
37.6 1,310
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
30
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0
6.6
47.0 13.9
Bahamas, The High income Highincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
0.30 0.16 6.9 17,040 5.5 2.0 19.3 5.4 78.7 1.6 1.0 43.3 51.9
0.34 0.18 7.9 21,390 1.3 1.6 19.7 4.5 78.7 4.5 1.0 45.3 68.1
.. .. .. .. .. .. 0 .. ..
68 31 7 26.0 5.0 47.0 0 .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. 4.5 33.8 ..
.. 9.9 37.8 ..
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
0.4 27.4 68.2 58.5 .. .. 65.5 3.0 1.9
–1.7 36.4 90.2 71.2 .. .. 86.0 3.1 1.6
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
57.4 .. .. 10.3 4.3
.. .. .. 106.0 31.5
87.0 9,753
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8
28.1 28.5
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5
3.9
106.1 69.1
31
Bahrain High income Highincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
0.65 0.30 5.5 10,740 4.3 .. .. .. .. –0.7 0.4 89.4 64.4
0.78 0.36 .. 25,420 6.6 .. .. .. .. 3.5 0.4 96.8 74.3
.. .. .. .. .. .. 0 .. ..
20 9 7 4.0 2.5 15.0 0 .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. 4.6 13.5 ..
.. 8.2 31.9 ..
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
8.5 29.3 55.6 63.6 .. .. 54.8 –2.3 5.9
6.4 14.7 .. .. .. .. 119.2 0.8 3.9
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
77.6 8,831 .. 31.6 6.2
79.1 14,153 .. 185.8 51.9
87.0 9,753
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
32
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8
28.1 28.5
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5
3.9
106.1 69.1
Bangladesh South Asia
Low income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
140.8 62.8 3.3 350 5.2 25.5 25.3 15.2 49.2 2.2 52.1 14.0 19.2
160.0 76.8 4.3 520 5.8 19.0 28.5 17.8 52.5 8.9 68.6 20.3 28.8
Lowincome group 2008 976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5
33.9 47.1
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
.. .. .. .. .. .. 35 5.7 0.0
119 44 7 104.0 4.0 35.0 30 7.9 0.1
3.7 85.8 56.5 79.6 ..
3.2 54.4 24.7 50.3 7.8
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
93 0.6 23.0 15.6
927 1.2 24.2 19.3
7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–0.7 36.2 30.0 27.2 3.5 34.9 24.7 13.4 6.9
–1.0 36.2 51.8 49.6 6.5 11.2 39.2 7.0 6.7
.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5
9.5 95 .. 0.2 0.1
9.5 144 101.6 27.9 0.3
12.1 324
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5
10.8
28.5 4.6
33
Barbados High income Highincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
0.25 0.14 9.3 9,110 3.7 4.3 16.3 6.4 79.4 2.4 2.0 50.5 57.0
0.26 0.15 9.8 .. .. 3.8 18.4 7.3 77.9 8.1 2.0 60.0 64.2
.. .. .. .. .. .. 40 .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. 25 .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. 0.8 18.4 16.2
.. 6.8 22.5 24.0
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. 74.3 67.6 .. .. 65.5 9.4 5.2
–9.3 91.6 86.1 88.8 .. .. 94.6 .. 5.6
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
98.6 .. .. 11.3 4.0
100.0 .. .. 159.1 73.7
87.0 9,753
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
34
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8
28.1 28.5
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5
3.9
106.1 69.1
Belarus Europe & Central Asia
Upper middle income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
10.0 9.7 4.8 4.9 .. .. 1,380 5,360 6.7 8.6 14.2 9.8 39.2 44.4 31.6 32.9 46.7 45.8 168.6 14.8 876.8 2,136.4 69.2 61.8 72.4 69.2
Upper middleincome group 2008 949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2
27.8 27.2
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
58 6 5 22.0 5.8 99.7 24 .. ..
6.2 34.5 11.4 14.7 10.6
13.6 6.4 35.8 15.2 13.9
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
39 0.9 25.2 22.7
1,134 3.6 32.7 24.8
82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
0.1 15.0 11.3 9.3 15.1 10.8 8.9 –41.2 30.1
2.4 10.7 29.5 17.7 17.4 0.6 28.8 –9.9 0.0
.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
95.6 2,989 .. 0.5 1.9
88.6 3,345 1.4 84.0 32.1
41.8 3,052
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5
6.2
95.3 30.6
35
Belgium High income Highincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
10.3 4.4 6.6 25,360 2.7 1.4 27.0 19.3 71.6 2.5 1.1 84.6 81.7
10.7 4.8 7.0 44,570 2.0 0.8 23.2 16.4 76.1 4.5 0.7 92.1 92.6
.. .. .. .. .. .. 40 7.6 3.3
22 4 3 16.0 0.9 57.3 34 7.9 4.1
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. 92.7 20.8 ..
.. 19.8 22.7 ..
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
0.0 107.0 .. .. 2.8 2.8 78.1 6.0 4.4
–1.1 88.0 .. .. 3.3 1.7 94.5 6.0 5.2
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
78.2 8,247 .. 54.9 29.3
78.2 8,614 .. 110.4 68.1
87.0 9,753
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
36
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8
28.1 28.5
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5
3.9
106.1 69.1
Belize Latin America & Caribbean
Lower middle income Lower middleincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
0.25 0.09 9.1 3,110 5.8 16.7 21.2 10.9 62.1 0.6 2.0 53.0 73.7
0.32 0.13 8.2 3,740 4.7 12.2 22.8 14.3 65.1 6.4 2.0 62.1 70.0
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
80 44 9 24.0 1.0 28.9 .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
18 2.8 28.7 ..
75 14.0 25.5 ..
31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–2.9 .. .. .. .. .. 52.8 15.5 8.3
.. .. .. .. .. .. 63.2 11.3 5.7
–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
17.0 .. .. 6.7 6.0
.. .. .. 49.7 10.6
37.6 1,310
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5
35.4 33.7
34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0
6.6
47.0 13.9
37
Benin Sub-Saharan Africa
Low income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
Lowincome group 2008
6.7 2.7 0.7 360 5.3 36.5 13.9 8.8 49.6 4.2 712.0 15.2 28.1
8.7 3.6 .. 700 3.9 32.2 13.4 7.5 54.4 7.9 447.8 15.2 28.9
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
172 31 7 36.0 4.0 73.3 38 .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
20.7 26.8 4.2 86.8 7.3
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
90 2.6 18.9 11.3
51 1.8 20.7 14.9
7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
0.7 .. 12.2 14.2 .. .. 12.1 .. ..
–0.3 .. 17.7 19.0 .. .. 20.9 .. ..
.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
20.0 60 .. 0.8 0.2
9.5 72 13.9 39.7 1.8
12.1 324
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
38
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5
33.9 47.1
44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5
10.8
28.5 4.6
Bermuda High income Highincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
0.06 .. 2.7 32,760 3.6 .. .. .. .. .. 1.0 .. ..
0.06 .. .. .. 4.2 .. .. .. .. .. 1.0 .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. .. .. ..
.. .. .. ..
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
.. .. .. 20.9 43.5
.. .. .. 123.1 79.4
87.0 9,753
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8
28.1 28.5
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5
3.9
106.1 69.1
39
Bhutan South Asia
Lower middle income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
Lower middleincome group 2008
0.56 0.18 .. 730 6.2 28.4 35.3 8.5 36.3 4.0 44.9 30.5 51.3
0.69 0.29 3.2 1,900 8.6 18.7 46.1 6.5 35.2 8.4 43.5 55.9 51.1
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
126 46 8 10.0 .. 40.6 .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
16.0 2.5 64.2 14.8 5.4
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. 0.0 50.6 38.6
18 2.3 46.4 35.3
31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–2.5 40.2 11.1 44.2 .. .. 9.1 10.8 7.8
2.1 77.7 15.7 39.7 .. .. 25.6 9.0 9.5
–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
60.7 .. .. 0.0 0.4
62.0 .. 3.1 36.5 6.6
37.6 1,310
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
40
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5
35.4 33.7
34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0
6.6
47.0 13.9
Bolivia Latin America & Caribbean
Lower middle income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
2008
8.3 3.6 4.8 1,000 3.5 15.0 29.8 15.3 55.2 4.6 6.2 18.3 27.3
.. .. .. .. .. .. 25 9.1 0.4
9.7 4.4 .. 1,460 4.1 13.5 38.4 14.4 48.2 14.0 7.2 44.9 38.0
161 50 15 ..a 1.8 80.0 25 6.6 0.3
Lower middleincome group 2008 3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5
35.4 33.7
34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0
.. .. .. .. ..
13.5 19.6 22.2 15.2 13.8
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
323 8.8 17.9 12.8
86 3.1 17.2 7.5
31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–8.7 .. 61.8 45.9 9.8 10.3 58.7 27.9 23.6
1.2 .. 35.1 34.9 9.3 4.3 34.7 3.2 9.2
–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6
6.6 421 .. 7.0 1.4
7.0 515 0.8 49.8 10.8
37.6 1,310
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
6.6
47.0 13.9
a. Laws ban dismissing workers on economic grounds. The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
41
Bosnia and Herzegovina Europe & Central Asia
Upper middle income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
3.7 1.8 .. 1,500 25.2 11.0 23.9 10.5 65.1 .. 2.1 29.6 77.9
3.8 1.9 29.0 4,520 5.4 9.1 28.5 14.1 62.4 .. 1.3 36.8 69.5
Upper middleincome group 2008 949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2
27.8 27.2
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 7.5 0.9
116 60 12 31.0 3.3 27.1 10 1.3 0.1
7.8 65.2 25.8 4.3 13.9
11.2 1.5 59.7 50.2 30.1
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. 2.7 21.2 10.0
12 5.7 24.4 18.7
82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. .. .. 20.1 9.9 38.5 4.5 15.8
–1.5 .. .. .. 13.1 3.1 57.8 –0.7 3.5
.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6
52.3 2,062 .. 2.5 1.1
52.3 2,381 3.2 84.3 34.7
41.8 3,052
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
42
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5
6.2
95.3 30.6
Botswana Sub-Saharan Africa
Upper middle income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
Upper middleincome group 2008
1.7 0.80 15.8 3,330 8.6 2.4 58.9 4.4 38.6 8.6 5.1 52.6 33.7
1.9 0.97 17.6 6,640 4.5 1.9 52.9 3.5 45.2 12.7 6.8 46.2 38.8
.. .. .. .. .. .. 25 .. 0.0
45 61 10 90.0 1.7 17.1 25 .. 0.0
.. .. .. .. ..
5.0 4.5 11.3 25.5 12.7
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
17 0.9 21.7 11.6
52 0.8 23.4 16.2
82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. 15.8 23.9 10.3 1.7 13.8 3.1 6.1
.. .. 23.6 43.9 .. .. 21.1 –0.4 7.9
.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
35.3 924 .. 12.9 2.9
32.6 1,435 1.7 77.3 6.2
41.8 3,052
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2
27.8 27.2
47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5
6.2
95.3 30.6
43
Brazil Latin America & Caribbean
Upper middle income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
Upper middleincome group 2008
174.2 83.4 9.3 3,870 1.7 5.6 27.7 17.2 66.7 7.0 1.8 10.0 11.7
192.0 99.9 7.9 7,300 3.6 6.7 28.0 16.0 65.3 5.7 1.8 14.3 14.2
.. .. .. .. .. .. 37 11.2 4.0
129 120 16 46.0 4.0 69.2 34 8.7 4.1
.. .. .. .. ..
18.7 16.4 48.4 36.8 25.7
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
21,327 5.1 16.8 ..
23,422 2.9 19.0 15.2
82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. 62.9 40.5 12.1 8.3 33.0 47.7 39.6
–1.3 60.9 81.5 58.4 9.1 3.1 55.7 39.1 35.6
.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6
5.5 1,894 .. 13.3 2.9
.. 2,171 2.7 78.5 37.5
41.8 3,052
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
44
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2
27.8 27.2
47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5
6.2
95.3 30.6
Brunei Darussalam High income Highincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
0.33 0.15 .. 14,670 1.0 1.0 63.7 15.4 35.3 1.6 1.7 67.4 35.8
0.39 0.19 .. 27,050 2.1 0.7 71.0 10.4 28.3 0.1 1.4 67.7 27.8
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
96 116 18 4.0 2.5 30.3 .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. 1.3 13.0 ..
.. 0.8 13.0 ..
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. 73.4 105.4 .. .. 50.3 –18.2 ..
.. .. 60.2 82.5 .. .. 37.2 4.5 4.6
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
34.7 7,539 .. 28.5 9.0
77.2 8,393 .. 95.8 55.3
87.0 9,753
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8
28.1 28.5
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5
3.9
106.1 69.1
45
Bulgaria Europe & Central Asia
Upper middle income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
8.1 3.6 17.1 1,600 –0.4 14.2 30.7 18.1 55.1 10.3 2.1 55.7 61.1
7.6 3.7 5.7 5,490 5.8 7.3 30.5 15.1 62.2 12.3 1.3 60.5 83.3
Upper middleincome group 2008 949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2
27.8 27.2
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 15.4 4.7
44 18 4 9.0 3.3 31.4 10 15.7 9.8
2.6 53.4 19.2 5.0 14.7
10.6 6.6 34.7 44.8 19.9
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
157 7.9 15.7 11.6
1,017 18.4 33.4 26.6
82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–0.4 .. 16.0 21.5 15.3 17.3 12.6 4.4 8.2
3.2 .. 58.4 53.6 8.5 2.4 74.5 –0.5 6.4
.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6
92.1 3,724 .. 9.2 5.3
98.4 4,456 3.7 137.7 34.7
41.8 3,052
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
46
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5
6.2
95.3 30.6
Burkina Faso Sub-Saharan Africa
Low income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
Lowincome group 2008
11.7 5.2 2.4 250 6.8 29.0 24.4 16.2 46.6 –0.3 712.0 9.1 25.2
15.2 6.9 .. 480 5.6 33.3 22.4 13.6 44.4 10.7 447.8 11.5 26.8
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.0
147 14 4 34.0 4.0 44.9 .. .. 0.1
.. .. .. .. ..
22.2 6.7 25.6 23.1 14.4
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
27 0.9 18.7 11.0
109 1.7 20.8 11.1
7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. 12.1 12.3 .. .. 11.7 .. ..
–4.2 .. 16.9 15.0 .. .. 18.6 .. ..
.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
16.0 .. .. 0.2 0.1
4.2 .. 10.8 16.8 0.9
12.1 324
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5
33.9 47.1
44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5
10.8
28.5 4.6
47
Burundi Sub-Saharan Africa
Low income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
2008
6.5 8.1 3.1 4.4 .. .. 120 140 –0.7 2.9 40.4 34.8 18.8 20.0 8.7 8.8 40.8 45.1 24.3 24.1 720.7 1,185.7 7.8 10.7 19.9 47.0
Lowincome group 2008 976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5
33.9 47.1
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
176 32 11 26.0 .. 278.6 .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
5.7 22.6 12.3 24.1 7.1
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
36 1.6 6.1 0.8
6 0.3 16.4 1.7
7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–2.4 162.6 19.2 13.3 .. .. 25.0 2.3 ..
.. .. 23.6 26.9 .. .. 21.5 –6.4 ..
.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5
7.1 .. .. 0.3 0.1
10.4 .. 12.0 6.0 0.8
12.1 324
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
48
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5
10.8
28.5 4.6
Cambodia East Asia & Pacific
Low income
Country data 2000
2008
Economic and social context 12.8 14.6 Population (millions) 5.9 7.5 Labor force (millions) 2.5 7.1 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 280 640 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7.3 9.8 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) 37.8 34.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 23.0 23.9 Industry value added (% of GDP) 16.9 16.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 39.1 41.5 Services value added (% of GDP) –0.8 25.0 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3,840.8 4,054.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 49.8 65.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 61.8 72.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Lowincome group 2008 976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5
33.9 47.1
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
145 85 9 39.0 .. 22.7 .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
5.6 60.3 11.3 15.5 2.8
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
2 4.1 18.3 11.9
84 7.9 19.4 14.1
7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–3.4 .. 5.9 8.1 .. .. 6.4 21.2 10.5
–1.7 .. 14.0 20.6 .. .. 23.5 11.2 14.6
.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5
7.5 29 .. 1.0 0.0
6.3 94 27.0 29.1 0.5
12.1 324
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5
10.8
28.5 4.6
49
Cameroon Sub-Saharan Africa
Lower middle income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
Lower middleincome group 2008
15.9 6.0 7.5 620 4.8 22.1 36.0 20.8 41.8 1.2 712.0 23.3 19.7
19.1 7.5 .. 1,150 3.5 19.5 30.6 16.5 49.9 5.3 447.8 29.6 29.2
.. .. .. .. .. .. 39 .. ..
171 34 12 33.0 3.2 50.5 .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
7.0 30.8 31.4 17.6 20.4
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
95 1.6 16.0 13.9
211 0.2 17.1 14.7
31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
0.1 91.7 11.4 10.1 .. .. 8.2 18.6 17.0
.. .. 11.5 14.0 .. .. 10.4 12.7 10.8
–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6
8.1 171 .. 0.7 0.3
8.4 265 10.5 32.3 3.8
37.6 1,310
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
50
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5
35.4 33.7
34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0
6.6
47.0 13.9
Canada High income Highincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
30.8 16.3 6.8 22,130 4.3 2.3 33.2 19.2 64.5 2.7 1.5 45.6 39.8
33.3 18.7 6.1 43,640 2.5 2.2 31.7 16.2 66.1 2.4 1.1 34.7 32.7
.. .. .. .. .. .. 45 6.9 4.6
8 5 1 28.0 0.8 43.6 34 8.3 9.1
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. 9.1 19.2 ..
.. 3.0 22.6 ..
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
1.4 59.9 83.6 67.8 4.7 1.3 95.7 3.0 3.8
1.6 45.2 140.7 116.3 5.1 1.1 128.4 0.8 3.2
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
.. 16,991 .. 28.4 42.2
39.9 16,995 .. 66.3 75.3
87.0 9,753
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8
28.1 28.5
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5
3.9
106.1 69.1
51
Cape Verde Sub-Saharan Africa
Lower middle income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
Lower middleincome group 2008
0.44 0.16 .. 1,310 6.6 12.0 17.9 9.3 70.2 –2.5 119.7 27.5 61.4
0.50 0.21 .. 2,800 5.3 8.8 18.1 6.9 73.1 6.8 75.3 21.7 59.4
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
146 24 9 93.0 .. 49.7 .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
4.3 1.1 35.3 30.5 15.9
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. 6.3 19.7 7.2
5 13.3 46.6 36.6
31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. 46.9 50.5 .. .. 40.7 13.3 7.6
2.4 .. 57.1 65.0 .. .. 58.8 3.3 6.2
–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
69.0 .. .. 4.5 1.8
.. .. 4.9 55.7 20.6
37.6 1,310
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
52
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5
35.4 33.7
34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0
6.6
47.0 13.9
Cayman Islands High income Highincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
0.04 .. 7.5 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.8 .. ..
0.05 .. 3.8 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.8 .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. 0 .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. 0 .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. .. .. ..
.. .. .. ..
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
.. .. .. 26.6 ..
.. .. .. 84.0 42.4
87.0 9,753
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8
28.1 28.5
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5
3.9
106.1 69.1
53
Central African Republic Sub-Saharan Africa
Low income Lowincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
3.7 1.7 .. 270 3.0 53.1 15.8 7.0 31.0 3.2 712.0 19.8 24.1
4.3 2.0 .. 410 0.5 52.9 14.2 7.6 32.9 9.3 447.8 10.8 23.4
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
183 22 8 22.0 4.8 203.8 .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. 0.1 9.5 4.8
3 6.1 11.6 7.1
7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. 7.6 3.9 .. .. 4.5 18.3 17.0
–0.5 .. 8.8 4.7 .. .. 7.0 12.2 10.8
.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5
2.7 .. .. 0.1 0.1
.. .. .. 3.5 0.4
12.1 324
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
54
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5
33.9 47.1
44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5
10.8
28.5 4.6
Chad Sub-Saharan Africa
Low income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
Lowincome group 2008
8.4 3.3 .. 180 3.1 42.3 11.3 8.9 46.3 3.8 712.0 16.9 34.7
10.9 4.2 .. 540 11.9 13.6 48.8 6.6 37.5 10.3 447.8 54.1 49.6
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
178 75 19 36.0 .. 60.9 .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
20.8 21.2 4.2 10.6 43.3
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
5 8.3 20.9 10.5
99 9.9 14.1 6.2
7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. 5.3 3.6 .. .. 3.5 15.9 17.0
.. .. 4.8 3.9 .. .. 3.7 9.4 10.8
.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5
0.8 .. .. 0.1 0.0
.. .. 22.6 16.6 1.2
12.1 324
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5
33.9 47.1
44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5
10.8
28.5 4.6
55
Channel Islands High income Highincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
0.15 .. .. 43,010 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
0.15 .. .. 68,610 0.5 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. .. .. ..
.. .. .. ..
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
87.0 9,753
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
56
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8
28.1 28.5
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5
3.9
106.1 69.1
Chile Latin America & Caribbean
Upper middle income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
Upper middleincome group 2008
15.4 6.1 8.3 4,840 3.8 6.1 38.4 19.5 55.5 3.8 539.6 31.6 29.7
16.8 7.7 7.8 9,370 4.4 3.9 43.8 13.5 52.3 8.7 522.5 45.1 41.0
.. .. .. .. .. .. 15 12.3 2.3
49 27 9 52.0 4.5 25.3 17 11.2 2.3
.. .. .. .. ..
9.0 7.6 29.1 22.9 22.0
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
2,051 6.5 20.7 ..
1,695 9.9 24.0 18.2
82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–0.7 .. 60.5 48.7 7.5 1.7 73.6 9.8 5.6
4.8 .. 67.0 48.9 6.9 1.0 97.7 13.0 5.8
.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6
18.4 2,487 .. 22.1 16.6
.. 3,318 1.7 88.1 32.5
41.8 3,052
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2
27.8 27.2
47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5
6.2
95.3 30.6
57
China East Asia & Pacific
Lower middle income
Country data 2000
2008
Economic and social context 1,262.6 1,324.7 Population (millions) 726.0 776.9 Labor force (millions) 3.1 4.2 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 930 2,940 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 8.5 10.4 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) 15.1 11.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 45.9 48.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 32.1 34.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 39.0 40.1 Services value added (% of GDP) 0.3 5.9 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 8.3 6.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 23.3 36.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 20.9 28.5 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Lower middleincome group 2008 3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5
35.4 33.7
.. .. .. .. .. .. 33 .. ..
89 37 14 91.0 1.7 78.5 25 .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
18.3 38.7 28.8 27.8 35.9
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
8,131 3.2 34.1 7.5
1,864 3.4 42.0 19.2
31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–2.6 11.6 114.2 36.0 4.1 22.4 112.3 3.7 3.6
–1.4 .. 114.8 43.5 6.1 2.4 108.3 –1.8 3.1
–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6
.. 993 .. 6.8 1.8
49.6 2,332 .. 48.4 22.5
37.6 1,310
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
58
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0
6.6
47.0 13.9
Colombia Latin America & Caribbean
Upper middle income
Country data 2000
2008
Economic and social context 39.8 45.0 Population (millions) 15.1 18.6 Labor force (millions) 20.5 11.7 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2,280 4,620 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 0.6 4.9 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) 10.4 8.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 29.8 36.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 15.4 16.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 59.9 54.9 Services value added (% of GDP) 9.2 7.0 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2,087.9 1,967.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 17.4 18.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 18.9 21.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Upper middleincome group 2008 949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2
27.8 27.2
.. .. .. .. .. .. 35 5.4 0.9
37 20 9 59.0 3.0 78.7 33 5.8 1.0
.. .. .. .. ..
14.3 1.1 30.6 26.4 5.9
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
1,032 2.5 13.2 9.8
2,718 4.3 .. 19.7
82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–6.2 .. 33.3 27.1 11.2 11.0 23.8 –5.6 6.6
–2.1 54.3 43.9 20.1 12.2 4.0 34.2 8.2 7.4
.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
14.4 844 .. 5.7 2.2
.. 977 1.0 91.9 38.5
41.8 3,052
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5
6.2
95.3 30.6
59
Comoros Sub-Saharan Africa
Low income Lowincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
0.54 0.25 .. 400 1.7 48.6 11.5 4.5 39.9 .. 534.0 16.7 32.5
0.64 0.32 .. 750 2.0 45.8 12.0 4.2 42.2 .. 335.9 12.8 36.9
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
162 24 11 100.0 .. 41.1 .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. 0.0 10.1 6.2
0.5 1.5 16.1 8.1
7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. .. .. .. .. 11.9 7.9 9.0
.. .. .. .. .. .. 11.5 1.4 4.5
.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
76.5 .. .. 0.0 0.3
.. .. .. 15.3 3.6
12.1 324
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
60
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5
33.9 47.1
44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5
10.8
28.5 4.6
Congo, Dem. Rep. Sub-Saharan Africa
Low income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
Lowincome group 2008
50.8 18.6 .. 80 –3.8 50.0 20.3 4.8 29.7 513.9 21.8 22.4 21.4
64.3 24.0 .. 150 5.2 40.2 28.0 5.5 31.8 17.3 559.3 23.3 38.6
.. .. .. .. .. .. 40 .. ..
182 149 13 31.0 5.2 322.0 40 .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
6.3 64.4 3.3 20.5 4.3
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
41 3.9 3.5 3.0
335 8.6 23.9 11.3
7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–4.0 152.2 0.6 1.7 .. .. 0.7 –57.0 ..
.. .. 1.7 3.1 .. .. 7.1 .. ..
.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5
.. 89 .. .. ..
1.8 97 17.5 .. ..
12.1 324
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5
33.9 47.1
44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5
10.8
28.5 4.6
61
Congo, Rep. Sub-Saharan Africa
Lower middle income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
Lower middleincome group 2008
3.0 1.3 .. 580 1.9 5.3 72.2 3.5 22.5 –0.9 712.0 80.3 43.6
3.6 1.6 .. 1,790 3.9 4.1 75.0 3.8 20.9 7.3 447.8 78.7 51.4
.. .. .. .. .. .. 45 .. 0.1
179 37 10 33.0 3.0 65.5 .. .. 0.1
.. .. .. .. ..
6.0 37.1 7.7 8.5 19.6
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
35 5.2 20.9 14.0
856 24.5 20.5 11.1
31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–1.3 .. 7.2 6.5 .. .. 4.8 –17.0 17.0
9.6 0.2 2.7 8.9 .. .. 3.5 24.9 10.8
–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6
9.7 99 .. 2.3 0.0
5.0 135 25.3 50.0 4.3
37.6 1,310
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
62
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5
35.4 33.7
34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0
6.6
47.0 13.9
Costa Rica Latin America & Caribbean
Upper middle income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
Upper middleincome group 2008
3.9 1.6 5.2 3,700 5.7 9.5 32.1 25.3 58.5 11.0 308.2 48.6 45.8
4.5 2.1 4.6 6,060 5.4 7.3 29.0 20.8 63.7 13.4 526.2 45.8 55.2
.. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. ..
121 60 12 29.0 3.5 54.8 30 10.3 3.8
.. .. .. .. ..
9.6 .. 14.9 48.6 10.5
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
161 2.6 17.8 16.3
330 6.8 24.2 22.0
82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. 36.2 24.7 12.1 10.8 3.5 24.0 16.7 11.5
–0.8 .. 42.3 22.2 13.3 1.5 50.8 3.3 11.7
.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6
22.0 1,517 .. 5.4 5.8
25.5 1,863 .. 41.7 32.3
41.8 3,052
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2
27.8 27.2
47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5
6.2
95.3 30.6
63
Côte d’Ivoire Sub-Saharan Africa
Lower middle income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
Lower middleincome group 2008
17.3 6.7 4.1 620 3.4 24.2 24.9 21.7 50.9 2.5 712.0 40.4 33.3
20.6 8.1 .. 980 0.5 25.0 26.1 18.0 48.9 6.3 447.8 46.5 38.8
.. .. .. .. .. .. 35 .. ..
168 40 10 49.0 2.2 44.7 25 .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
1.8 13.6 13.9 20.9 4.3
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
215 2.3 11.2 8.4
301 1.7 10.1 7.1
31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. 19.7 13.9 .. .. 15.5 .. ..
–0.3 96.4 17.7 16.1 .. .. 16.3 .. ..
–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
9.7 166 .. 2.7 0.2
8.1 178 3.8 50.7 3.2
37.6 1,310
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
64
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5
35.4 33.7
34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0
6.6
47.0 13.9
Croatia High income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
4.4 2.0 16.1 5,170 3.0 8.4 28.4 20.3 63.2 4.6 8.3 42.0 45.3
4.4 2.0 8.4 13,580 4.5 6.4 28.4 16.9 65.1 6.1 4.9 41.9 50.3
Highincome group 2008 1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8
28.1 28.5
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
.. .. .. .. .. .. 35 2.0 1.1
103 22 7 39.0 3.1 32.5 20 5.5 3.7
4.6 43.7 36.1 .. 16.3
10.9 6.0 60.0 42.6 16.5
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
746 5.2 18.8 14.5
719 6.9 27.6 24.1
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–5.3 .. 43.1 33.0 11.9 9.5 32.3 7.2 8.3
–1.1 .. 71.0 58.5 13.5 4.9 64.9 3.5 7.2
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
85.4 2,840 .. 23.3 6.8
89.1 3,738 1.8 132.6 50.5
87.0 9,753
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5
3.9
106.1 69.1
65
Cuba Latin America & Caribbean
Upper middle income Upper middleincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
11.1 4.8 5.4 .. 4.2 6.4 47.5 38.7 46.1 .. .. 16.0 18.7
11.2 5.1 1.8 .. 3.4 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
600 .. 10.4 ..
60 .. .. ..
82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6
49.0 1,142 .. 0.1 0.5
.. 1,309 .. 3.0 12.9
41.8 3,052
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
66
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2
27.8 27.2
47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5
6.2
95.3 30.6
Cyprus High income Highincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
0.79 0.36 4.8 13,440 3.9 3.6 19.1 9.9 77.3 4.1 1.1 55.4 54.5
0.86 0.44 3.7 26,940 3.5 2.1 19.6 7.6 78.3 4.7 0.7 47.1 58.5
.. .. .. .. .. .. 28 9.7 ..
40 8 6 64.0 1.5 28.8 10 10.5 ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. 9.2 17.0 ..
.. 15.5 23.3 ..
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–5.5 91.4 170.3 153.3 .. .. 211.8 4.0 1.5
0.8 162.0 204.8 190.7 .. .. 257.3 3.2 3.3
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
60.6 4,045 .. 27.8 15.3
64.0 5,441 .. 117.9 38.8
87.0 9,753
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8
28.1 28.5
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5
3.9
106.1 69.1
67
Czech Republic High income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
10.3 5.1 8.8 5,800 1.0 3.9 38.1 26.8 58.0 3.9 38.6 63.4 66.4
10.4 5.2 4.4 16,650 4.6 2.5 37.6 24.7 59.9 6.4 17.1 77.1 72.5
Highincome group 2008 1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8
28.1 28.5
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
.. .. .. .. .. .. 31 .. ..
74 15 8 22.0 6.5 47.2 21 6.7 2.3
1.7 35.9 20.4 0.0 16.5
10.4 0.2 33.4 50.2 43.5
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. 8.8 28.0 ..
.. 5.0 23.9 ..
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–3.6 13.7 53.9 54.2 5.4 29.3 49.0 5.6 3.7
–1.5 26.6 55.7 60.5 5.7 3.3 52.8 4.3 4.6
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
100.0 5,694 .. 42.3 9.7
100.0 6,496 2.1 132.2 57.8
87.0 9,753
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
68
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5
3.9
106.1 69.1
Denmark High income Highincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
5.3 2.9 4.5 31,840 2.8 2.6 26.8 16.2 70.6 2.9 8.1 46.6 40.5
5.5 3.0 3.3 58,800 1.6 1.3 26.1 15.0 72.6 3.4 5.1 54.7 52.5
.. .. .. .. .. .. 32 13.8 4.3
6 6 4 .. 1.1 29.2 25 14.4 8.0
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. 22.5 20.2 ..
.. 0.9 21.5 ..
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
1.7 50.1 91.8 48.1 6.2 0.7 135.3 4.9 4.9
4.8 24.1 219.2 67.8 5.7 0.3 218.0 .. ..
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
100.0 6,484 .. 63.0 39.2
100.0 6,670 .. 124.9 83.3
87.0 9,753
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8
28.1 28.5
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5
3.9
106.1 69.1
69
Djibouti Middle East & North Africa
Lower middle income Lower middleincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
0.73 0.30 .. 760 –0.2 3.5 15.4 2.6 81.1 .. 177.7 35.1 50.4
0.85 0.38 .. 1,130 3.5 3.9 16.9 2.5 79.3 .. 177.7 59.2 80.0
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
163 37 11 56.0 5.0 38.7 .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
50 0.6 8.8 6.1
300 28.9 38.9 26.2
31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. .. .. .. .. 32.1 9.5 8.6
.. .. .. .. .. .. 27.8 8.2 8.1
–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
45.0 .. .. 0.0 0.2
.. .. .. 13.3 2.3
37.6 1,310
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
70
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5
35.4 33.7
34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0
6.6
47.0 13.9
Dominica Latin America & Caribbean
Upper middle income Upper middleincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
0.07 .. 11.0 3,200 2.2 18.1 23.5 8.8 58.4 0.9 2.7 53.3 67.5
0.07 .. .. 4,750 2.6 17.2 23.6 4.8 59.3 5.1 2.7 40.2 69.5
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
83 14 5 58.0 .. 37.0 .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
19 6.5 28.1 8.1
5 14.6 32.7 6.9
82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. 76.6 69.8 .. .. 62.0 11.0 7.8
.. .. 69.1 91.5 .. .. 62.8 8.6 5.9
.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
50.4 .. .. 1.7 8.4
.. .. .. 136.6 37.6
41.8 3,052
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2
27.8 27.2
47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5
6.2
95.3 30.6
71
Dominican Republic Latin America & Caribbean
Upper middle income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
Upper middleincome group 2008
8.8 3.7 14.2 2,550 7.0 7.2 35.9 26.1 56.8 7.7 16.4 37.0 45.9
10.0 4.4 15.6 4,330 5.4 6.5 33.3 24.0 60.1 10.6 34.6 25.9 39.1
.. .. .. .. .. .. 25 .. ..
86 19 8 88.0 3.5 39.0 25 .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
8.8 17.3 12.5 30.2 9.6
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
1,076 4.0 20.5 ..
33 6.3 18.2 ..
82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. 16.7 28.0 22.8 9.4 2.6 36.8 18.6 9.1
0.3 .. 20.9 18.8 9.7 3.5 20.9 9.2 9.6
.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
49.4 709 .. 8.0 3.7
.. 1,378 .. 72.4 21.6
41.8 3,052
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
72
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2
27.8 27.2
47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5
6.2
95.3 30.6
Ecuador Latin America & Caribbean
Lower middle income
Country data 2000
2008
Economic and social context 12.3 Population (millions) 4.8 Labor force (millions) 9.0 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 1,340 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 0.7 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. Industry value added (% of GDP) .. Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. Services value added (% of GDP) 96.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 11,786.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 37.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 31.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
13.5 5.7 6.9 3,690 5.0 6.7 40.6 9.7 52.7 8.4 .. 37.8 37.7
Lower middleincome group 2008 3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5
35.4 33.7
.. .. .. .. .. .. 25 .. ..
138 64 13 135.0 5.3 34.9 25 .. 0.4
.. .. .. .. ..
17.3 11.3 24.0 23.3 18.2
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
20 4.5 20.5 15.6
1,062 1.8 23.8 10.8
31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. .. .. 12.9 31.0 32.6 26.0 8.3
.. .. .. .. 8.8 2.5 26.1 4.8 7.1
–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
18.9 654 .. 3.9 1.5
14.8 788 2.5 85.6 28.8
37.6 1,310
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0
6.6
47.0 13.9
73
Egypt, Arab Rep. Middle East & North Africa
Lower middle income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
Lower middleincome group 2008
70.2 21.7 9.0 1,390 5.2 16.7 33.1 19.4 50.1 2.7 3.5 16.2 22.8
81.5 26.3 8.7 1,800 4.7 13.2 37.5 15.7 49.2 18.3 5.4 33.2 38.8
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
106 7 6 132.0 4.2 43.0 20 2.6 0.2
.. .. .. .. ..
8.8 5.3 5.6 92.4 21.1
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
864 1.2 18.9 9.1
2,054 5.9 22.4 14.5
31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–6.7 37.4 74.3 63.9 5.6 13.6 58.7 7.9 3.8
–6.4 .. 68.8 81.3 5.3 14.8 42.9 0.4 5.7
–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
78.1 958 .. 1.9 0.6
81.0 1,384 1.1 50.6 16.6
37.6 1,310
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
74
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5
35.4 33.7
34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0
6.6
47.0 13.9
El Salvador Latin America & Caribbean
Lower middle income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
Lower middleincome group 2008
5.9 2.3 7.0 2,110 3.3 10.5 31.6 24.7 57.9 2.3 8.8 27.4 42.4
6.1 2.5 6.6 3,460 2.9 13.2 28.5 21.8 58.4 6.7 8.8 27.7 49.8
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
84 17 8 86.0 4.0 35.0 .. .. 0.5
.. .. .. .. ..
9.2 2.6 17.3 22.1 11.0
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
277 1.3 16.9 14.2
239 3.5 15.0 12.8
31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–4.7 55.3 5.2 4.8 8.8 4.3 45.2 10.5 4.6
0.3 39.4 5.0 4.3 12.7 2.8 41.3 .. ..
–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
19.8 680 .. 12.5 1.2
.. 939 2.3 113.3 10.6
37.6 1,310
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5
35.4 33.7
34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0
6.6
47.0 13.9
75
Equatorial Guinea High income Highincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
0.53 0.19 .. 1,250 36.0 9.8 85.9 1.4 4.2 4.8 712.0 98.6 85.4
0.66 0.25 .. 14,980 18.9 2.0 95.7 12.4 2.3 6.6 447.8 78.3 32.1
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
170 136 20 133.0 .. 59.5 .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. .. 61.3 56.2
.. .. 28.2 11.4
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. 2.9 3.2 .. .. 3.0 –16.8 17.0
.. .. 2.6 5.9 .. .. 4.4 16.4 10.8
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
.. .. .. 0.9 0.1
.. .. .. 52.5 1.8
87.0 9,753
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
76
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8
28.1 28.5
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5
3.9
106.1 69.1
Eritrea Sub-Saharan Africa
Low income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
Lowincome group 2008
3.7 1.4 .. 170 1.5 15.1 23.0 11.2 61.9 .. 9.6 15.1 81.8
4.9 2.1 .. 300 1.3 24.3 19.2 5.5 56.5 .. 15.4 6.3 34.5
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
175 84 13 69.0 .. 84.5 .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
0.5 .. 11.9 0.0 15.1
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
40 4.4 23.8 5.0
.. 2.2 10.6 1.2
7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. .. .. .. .. 32.5 .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. 18.4 .. ..
.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
21.8 .. .. 0.0 0.1
.. .. 3.0 2.2 4.1
12.1 324
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5
33.9 47.1
44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5
10.8
28.5 4.6
77
Estonia High income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
1.4 0.66 12.8 4,220 6.5 4.8 27.5 17.7 67.6 4.0 17.0 84.6 88.2
1.3 0.70 5.5 14,570 7.4 2.9 29.1 16.7 68.0 10.4 10.7 75.6 79.8
Highincome group 2008 1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8
28.1 28.5
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
24 7 5 35.0 3.0 49.1 21 .. ..
2.4 18.5 24.2 3.5 7.5
5.5 13.5 41.5 207.2 21.2
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. 6.8 25.7 22.9
.. 8.3 29.3 31.0
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
0.2 6.9 33.4 24.7 12.6 1.0 36.1 2.8 3.7
3.1 4.1 85.1 43.5 9.3 1.9 97.4 1.8 2.8
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
20.1 4,629 .. 40.7 28.6
28.8 6,273 1.2 188.3 66.2
87.0 9,753
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
78
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5
3.9
106.1 69.1
Ethiopia Sub-Saharan Africa
Low income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
65.5 29.0 8.2 130 3.5 49.9 12.4 5.5 37.8 0.7 8.2 12.0 24.0
80.7 38.2 17.0 280 8.2 44.5 13.2 4.8 42.4 44.4 9.6 11.5 31.2
Lowincome group 2008 976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5
33.9 47.1
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
.. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. ..
107 9 5 40.0 3.0 31.1 30 .. ..
2.1 .. 31.0 .. 2.3
3.8 4.4 11.0 44.2 4.2
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. 1.6 20.3 8.1
.. 0.4 20.1 5.9
7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–7.6 .. 35.9 35.6 .. .. 23.1 3.8 4.9
.. .. 28.8 37.3 .. .. 18.0 –15.9 3.4
.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
12.0 23 .. 0.0 0.0
12.8 40 5.0 2.4 0.4
12.1 324
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5
10.8
28.5 4.6
79
Faeroe Islands High income Highincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
0.05 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 8.1 .. ..
0.05 .. 3.2 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5.1 .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. .. .. ..
.. .. .. ..
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
87.0 9,753
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
80
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8
28.1 28.5
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5
3.9
106.1 69.1
Fiji East Asia & Pacific
Upper middle income Upper middleincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
0.80 0.31 .. 2,260 2.2 17.1 22.3 14.0 60.6 1.1 2.1 65.2 70.3
0.84 0.34 8.1 4,010 1.4 15.1 24.9 15.4 60.0 7.7 1.6 55.7 73.4
.. .. .. .. .. .. 35 .. ..
54 46 8 22.0 1.8 41.2 31 .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
3 –0.1 15.4 10.2
90 8.9 16.0 13.0
82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. 36.4 36.7 .. .. 32.0 13.7 7.5
–2.9 .. 41.0 40.2 .. .. 48.2 2.8 8.1
.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
49.2 .. .. 6.9 1.5
.. .. .. 71.1 12.2
41.8 3,052
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2
27.8 27.2
47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5
6.2
95.3 30.6
81
Finland High income Highincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
5.2 2.7 9.7 25,470 4.9 3.5 33.7 26.2 62.8 3.4 1.1 43.5 33.9
5.3 2.7 6.4 47,600 3.0 2.7 32.4 23.6 64.9 4.1 0.7 44.2 40.3
.. .. .. .. .. .. 29 7.4 2.3
16 14 3 26.0 0.9 47.7 26 8.7 3.0
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. 7.5 19.4 ..
.. –2.8 20.6 ..
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
6.7 55.1 55.8 22.1 6.3 0.6 53.1 3.0 4.0
5.5 37.3 .. .. 7.4 0.4 85.8 3.0 2.7
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
62.0 15,286 .. 72.0 37.2
65.4 17,162 .. 128.5 82.5
87.0 9,753
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
82
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8
28.1 28.5
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5
3.9
106.1 69.1
France High income Highincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions)a Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
58.9 26.4 10.2 24,450 2.9 2.8 22.9 16.0 74.3 1.7 1.1 28.6 27.7
62.3 28.6 7.4 42,000 1.8 2.0 20.4 11.9 77.6 2.8 0.7 26.4 28.9
.. .. .. .. .. .. 37 8.9 2.3
31 7 5 32.0 1.9 65.8 33 10.8 3.3
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. 3.2 19.5 ..
.. 3.5 21.9 ..
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–1.7 60.7 .. .. 6.7 5.0 85.0 5.2 4.1
–2.3 66.6 .. .. 4.2 2.8 107.8 4.9 4.4
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
100.0 7,485 .. 49.3 14.4
100.0 7,772 .. 93.1 67.9
87.0 9,753
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8
28.1 28.5
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5
3.9
106.1 69.1
a. Excludes the French overseas departments of French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, and Réunion. The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
83
French Polynesia High income Highincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
0.24 0.10 11.7 16,080 3.5 4.7 .. .. .. .. 129.5 4.9 24.2
0.27 0.11 11.7 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 87.2 .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. .. .. ..
.. .. .. ..
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
87.0 9,753
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
84
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8
28.1 28.5
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5
3.9
106.1 69.1
Gabon Sub-Saharan Africa
Upper middle income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
Upper middleincome group 2008
1.2 0.54 .. 3,080 0.3 6.2 56.3 3.7 37.5 0.5 712.0 69.0 32.7
1.4 0.69 .. 7,320 2.2 4.1 64.3 3.5 31.7 5.3 447.8 66.6 32.0
.. .. .. .. .. .. 35 .. ..
158 58 9 43.0 5.0 44.7 .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
2.8 22.8 6.3 34.5 18.6
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
12 –0.8 21.9 19.0
60 0.1 24.4 19.8
82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. 12.1 10.4 .. 6.6 8.7 –4.8 17.0
.. .. 9.6 12.9 10.7 8.5 8.5 9.3 10.8
.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
9.9 876 .. 9.7 1.2
10.2 1,066 7.2 89.8 6.2
41.8 3,052
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2
27.8 27.2
47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5
6.2
95.3 30.6
85
Gambia, The Sub-Saharan Africa
Low income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
Lowincome group 2008
1.3 0.58 .. 330 4.6 35.8 13.1 5.4 51.1 0.8 12.8 48.0 56.8
1.7 0.74 .. 400 5.1 28.5 15.1 4.9 56.4 4.5 22.2 30.0 48.9
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
140 27 8 26.0 3.0 292.4 .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
7.3 13.6 7.6 63.9 22.2
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
7 10.3 17.4 12.8
35 8.9 24.8 13.9
7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. 30.8 29.5 .. .. 12.5 19.6 11.5
.. .. 41.7 60.1 .. .. 17.6 21.0 15.0
.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
35.4 .. .. 0.4 0.9
19.3 .. 23.7 70.2 6.9
12.1 324
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
86
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5
33.9 47.1
44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5
10.8
28.5 4.6
Georgia Europe & Central Asia
Lower middle income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
4.7 2.4 10.8 700 5.6 21.9 22.4 13.0 55.7 4.1 2.0 23.0 39.7
4.3 2.3 13.3 2,500 8.1 10.0 21.2 12.0 68.8 10.0 1.5 28.7 58.3
Lower middleincome group 2008 3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5
35.4 33.7
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 8.2 0.7
11 3 3 4.0 3.3 15.3 .. 8.8 1.7
11.0 81.2 25.9 1.9 16.8
2.1 8.4 38.2 11.4 16.0
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
49 4.3 25.4 24.5
476 12.2 22.5 14.5
31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–1.6 69.9 6.5 4.2 30.5 11.6 8.7 26.8 22.6
–1.9 27.0 22.4 13.8 17.1 4.1 33.3 10.2 10.9
–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6
93.4 1,353 .. 4.1 0.5
38.6 1,620 3.3 64.0 23.8
37.6 1,310
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0
6.6
47.0 13.9
87
Germany High income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
Highincome group 2008
82.2 40.4 7.9 25,500 2.0 1.3 30.3 22.9 68.5 1.5 1.1 33.4 33.0
82.1 42.4 7.5 42,710 1.2 0.9 30.2 23.9 69.0 2.6 0.7 47.2 41.0
.. .. .. .. .. .. 52 18.4 1.5
25 18 9 69.0 1.2 44.9 30 11.9 1.2
.. .. .. .. ..
1.2 14.8 45.0 3.2 ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. 11.1 21.5 ..
.. 0.6 19.2 ..
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
1.4 37.8 144.5 63.1 4.2 4.7 118.6 10.4 6.2
–0.4 40.8 .. .. 4.5 2.7 107.8 .. ..
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
.. 6,636 .. 58.6 30.2
100.0 7,184 .. 128.5 75.5
87.0 9,753
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
88
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8
28.1 28.5
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5
3.9
106.1 69.1
Ghana Sub-Saharan Africa
Low income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
Lowincome group 2008
19.5 8.6 10.4 330 4.4 35.3 25.4 9.0 39.3 25.2 0.5 48.8 67.2
23.4 10.6 .. 630 5.6 33.5 25.3 6.3 41.2 16.5 1.1 42.5 75.5
.. .. .. .. .. .. 33 5.9 0.5
92 33 8 178.0 1.9 32.7 25 6.2 0.5
.. .. .. .. ..
4.0 18.1 16.0 24.4 6.8
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
10 3.3 23.1 12.7
1,434 12.7 35.9 20.3
7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–6.5 .. .. .. 11.8 11.9 14.0 .. ..
–7.7 .. .. .. 12.8 7.7 17.8 .. ..
.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
29.6 331 .. 0.7 0.2
14.9 259 9.7 49.6 4.3
12.1 324
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5
33.9 47.1
44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5
10.8
28.5 4.6
89
Greece High income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
Highincome group 2008
10.9 4.9 11.2 12,560 3.5 6.6 21.0 11.1 72.5 3.2 1.1 24.9 38.4
11.2 5.2 7.7 28,400 4.2 3.3 19.7 10.3 77.0 4.2 0.7 23.1 31.9
.. .. .. .. .. .. 40 5.7 0.7
109 19 15 24.0 2.0 47.4 25 5.4 0.8
.. .. .. .. ..
1.8 55.9 25.9 7.0 11.7
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. 0.9 21.6 ..
.. 1.5 19.3 ..
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–3.7 123.5 71.0 49.0 8.9 12.3 47.0 8.6 6.2
–3.7 114.1 .. .. 4.5 5.0 93.5 3.0 4.3
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
91.8 4,539 .. 54.3 9.2
.. 5,628 .. 122.8 43.1
87.0 9,753
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
90
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8
28.1 28.5
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5
3.9
106.1 69.1
Greenland High income Highincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
0.06 .. 11.0 20,290 3.8 .. .. .. .. .. 8.1 .. ..
0.06 .. 8.4 29,740 1.2 .. .. .. .. .. 5.1 .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. .. .. ..
.. .. .. ..
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
.. .. .. 26.9 31.7
.. .. .. 99.1 63.9
87.0 9,753
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8
28.1 28.5
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5
3.9
106.1 69.1
91
Grenada Latin America & Caribbean
Upper middle income Upper middleincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
0.10 .. 15.2 3,870 7.4 7.3 22.2 6.5 70.5 2.1 2.7 54.9 72.2
0.10 .. .. 5,880 2.3 5.9 21.1 4.7 73.0 8.2 2.7 28.9 70.3
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
91 20 6 29.0 .. 45.3 .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
7 8.7 41.8 35.0
11 25.3 29.8 22.3
82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. 79.8 82.2 .. .. 75.7 11.1 7.4
.. .. 89.7 99.4 .. .. 90.7 6.5 6.3
.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
61.0 .. .. 4.2 4.1
.. .. .. 58.0 23.2
41.8 3,052
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
92
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2
27.8 27.2
47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5
6.2
95.3 30.6
Guam High income Highincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
0.16 0.07 11.5 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
0.18 0.08 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. .. .. ..
.. .. .. ..
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
.. .. .. 17.5 16.1
.. .. .. 59.1 48.4
87.0 9,753
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8
28.1 28.5
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5
3.9
106.1 69.1
93
Guatemala Latin America & Caribbean
Lower middle income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
Lower middleincome group 2008
11.2 4.0 1.4 1,730 4.1 15.1 29.1 21.3 55.8 6.0 7.8 20.2 29.0
13.7 5.3 1.8 2,680 3.9 11.6 30.0 20.3 58.3 12.6 7.6 24.7 39.6
.. .. .. .. .. .. 25 .. 0.6
110 29 11 101.0 3.0 40.9 31 .. 0.6
.. .. .. .. ..
9.2 3.8 12.8 35.3 8.0
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
147 1.2 16.1 13.7
532 2.1 17.7 14.2
31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–1.8 17.0 21.5 16.3 8.9 7.9 19.8 13.2 10.7
–1.6 20.1 36.7 38.0 10.3 2.4 27.2 4.5 8.3
–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
34.5 343 .. 7.6 0.7
.. 558 3.0 109.2 14.3
37.6 1,310
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
94
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5
35.4 33.7
34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0
6.6
47.0 13.9
Guinea Sub-Saharan Africa
Low income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
8.4 9.8 4.0 4.7 .. .. 360 350 4.4 3.2 20.3 24.8 32.5 46.4 4.0 4.5 47.2 28.8 .. 18.4 1,746.9 5,500.0 23.6 33.2 27.9 38.4
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Lowincome group 2008 976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5
33.9 47.1
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
173 41 13 26.0 3.8 49.9 .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
2.7 57.3 0.9 16.1 5.2
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
6 0.3 18.9 14.0
89 10.1 15.5 12.0
7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–2.4 .. .. .. .. .. 3.8 7.4 11.9
.. .. .. .. .. .. 5.7 .. ..
.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
16.5 .. .. 0.5 0.1
9.8 .. 33.9 39.1 0.9
12.1 324
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5
10.8
28.5 4.6
95
Guinea-Bissau Sub-Saharan Africa
Low income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
Lowincome group 2008
1.3 0.54 .. 170 –2.7 56.4 13.0 10.5 30.6 8.6 712.0 31.8 51.6
1.6 0.65 .. 250 0.6 55.5 12.9 10.2 31.6 10.5 447.8 29.8 49.8
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
181 213 16 87.0 .. 45.9 .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
2.9 22.7 0.7 20.5 8.4
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
3 0.3 11.3 1.3
29 3.5 23.9 10.6
7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. 7.6 12.7 .. .. 7.9 .. ..
.. .. 7.6 10.7 .. .. 9.1 .. ..
.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
27.9 .. .. 0.0 0.2
.. .. 9.2 31.7 2.4
12.1 324
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
96
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5
33.9 47.1
44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5
10.8
28.5 4.6
Guyana Latin America & Caribbean
Lower middle income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
0.76 0.32 9.1 870 2.5 31.1 29.0 8.2 39.9 6.1 182.4 96.1 110.7
0.76 0.34 .. 1,450 1.9 28.1 21.7 3.4 50.2 8.1 203.6 68.3 102.4
Lower middleincome group 2008 3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5
35.4 33.7
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
101 34 8 56.0 3.0 38.9 .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
2.3 5.4 32.6 93.4 17.8
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
11 9.4 23.8 10.0
26 14.5 39.7 22.0
31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. 66.3 62.6 .. .. 57.1 10.0 8.6
.. .. 69.2 82.8 .. .. 57.0 8.8 12.2
–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6
7.4 .. .. 5.3 6.6
.. .. .. 36.8 26.9
37.6 1,310
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0
6.6
47.0 13.9
97
Haiti Latin America & Caribbean
Low income Lowincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
8.6 3.5 7.2 .. 2.5 .. .. .. .. 13.7 21.2 12.7 33.4
9.9 4.4 .. .. 0.5 .. .. .. .. 15.5 39.1 11.1 36.8
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3.8 0.0
151 195 13 17.0 5.7 40.1 .. 3.0 0.0
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
101 0.4 .. ..
176 0.4 .. ..
7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. 15.6 27.2 .. .. 15.5 7.3 –24.7
.. .. 15.1 30.1 .. .. 12.1 –2.8 15.7
.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5
24.3 35 .. 0.6 0.2
.. 30 .. 32.4 10.1
12.1 324
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
98
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5
33.9 47.1
44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5
10.8
28.5 4.6
Honduras Latin America & Caribbean
Lower middle income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
Lower middleincome group 2008
6.2 2.4 3.9 930 2.8 15.9 32.5 22.7 51.7 11.0 14.8 54.0 66.4
7.3 2.8 3.1 1,740 5.3 13.6 31.0 21.7 55.4 11.4 18.9 48.6 81.6
.. .. .. .. .. .. 25 .. ..
141 14 13 95.0 3.8 48.3 30 .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
4.6 6.1 8.5 27.6 16.5
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
127 4.0 25.8 20.3
334 6.6 32.2 28.0
31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. 32.8 32.6 8.8 10.6 34.1 –3.1 10.9
–0.2 .. 47.4 45.8 .. .. 51.4 7.4 8.4
–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
20.4 515 .. 2.5 1.2
.. 692 2.9 84.9 13.1
37.6 1,310
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5
35.4 33.7
34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0
6.6
47.0 13.9
99
Hong Kong SAR, China High income Highincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
6.7 3.4 4.9 26,570 1.8 0.1 13.4 5.4 86.5 –3.8 7.8 143.3 138.8
7.0 3.7 3.5 31,420 5.2 0.1 7.7 2.5 92.2 4.3 7.8 212.5 201.6
.. .. .. .. .. .. 16 10.5 7.9
3 6 3 10.0 1.1 24.2 17 15.4 15.7
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. 36.6 26.4 ..
.. 29.3 19.7 ..
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. 164.2 210.1 9.0 7.3 152.6 13.6 4.7
.. .. 153.2 289.9 12.0 0.9 142.8 3.5 4.6
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
100.0 5,447 .. 81.7 27.8
100.0 5,899 .. 166.0 67.0
87.0 9,753
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
100
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8
28.1 28.5
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5
3.9
106.1 69.1
Hungary High income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
10.2 4.2 6.6 4,660 4.2 5.4 32.2 23.5 62.4 9.8 282.2 72.2 75.8
10.0 4.3 7.8 12,810 3.6 4.3 29.4 21.7 66.2 6.1 172.1 81.4 80.2
Highincome group 2008 1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8
28.1 28.5
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
.. .. .. .. .. .. 18 9.4 2.5
47 4 4 35.0 2.0 57.5 16 10.3 4.1
5.2 27.4 21.6 9.6 32.6
13.5 0.7 48.7 48.0 39.4
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
1,168 5.8 23.0 ..
2,645 40.6 20.1 ..
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–2.7 61.0 35.8 35.5 8.3 3.0 31.4 –0.3 3.1
–3.9 73.8 70.5 44.6 8.0 3.0 69.6 6.1 0.3
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
43.7 3,309 .. 30.1 7.0
37.7 3,977 2.9 121.8 58.5
87.0 9,753
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5
3.9
106.1 69.1
101
Iceland High income Highincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
0.28 0.17 2.3 30,820 5.0 8.6 26.0 13.9 65.4 5.1 78.6 33.6 40.9
0.32 0.20 3.0 40,450 4.5 5.8 23.6 10.0 70.6 12.7 87.9 44.7 47.6
.. .. .. .. .. .. 30 14.2 11.4
14 5 5 13.0 1.0 25.0 15 12.5 18.2
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. 1.8 22.9 ..
.. 4.2 23.9 ..
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
2.7 60.5 83.1 40.6 6.2 1.5 97.1 12.7 6.2
–12.8 83.8 150.2 60.0 6.9 0.8 319.6 13.0 7.2
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
29.5 26,221 .. 76.5 44.5
36.6 36,853 .. 108.0 90.0
87.0 9,753
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
102
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8
28.1 28.5
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5
3.9
106.1 69.1
India South Asia
Lower middle income
Country data 2000
2008
Economic and social context 1,015.9 1,140.0 Population (millions) 385.4 449.9 Labor force (millions) 4.3 5.0 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 450 1,040 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5.9 7.9 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) 23.4 17.5 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 26.2 28.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 15.6 15.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 50.5 53.7 Services value added (% of GDP) 4.0 8.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 44.9 43.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 13.2 22.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 14.2 28.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
Lower middleincome group 2008 3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5
35.4 33.7
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
.. .. .. .. .. .. 39 3.7 0.0
133 30 13 56.0 7.0 64.7 34 2.7 0.0
12.9 .. .. .. 0.0
6.7 52.3 46.7 29.5 22.5
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
2,665 0.8 22.7 16.3
27,912 3.6 34.8 25.7
31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–3.9 56.0 41.1 42.6 5.7 12.8 28.8 8.5 ..
–1.6 57.6 64.9 61.4 6.4 2.3 51.4 6.7 ..
–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
47.5 402 .. 0.4 0.5
.. 542 .. 30.4 4.5
37.6 1,310
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0
6.6
47.0 13.9
103
Indonesia East Asia & Pacific
Lower middle income
Country data 2000
2008
Economic and social context 205.3 227.3 Population (millions) 97.0 112.8 Labor force (millions) 6.1 8.4 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 580 1,880 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) –0.6 5.2 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) 15.6 14.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 45.9 48.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 27.7 27.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 38.5 37.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 3.7 10.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 8,421.8 9,699.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 41.0 29.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30.5 28.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Lower middleincome group 2008 3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5
35.4 33.7
.. .. .. .. .. .. 30 4.6 0.1
122 60 9 108.0 5.5 37.6 30 7.0 0.1
.. .. .. .. ..
4.0 14.0 34.0 23.5 22.1
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
642 –2.8 19.9 ..
5,739 1.8 27.6 ..
31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–2.5 45.2 43.7 44.7 6.0 34.4 19.9 –1.7 6.0
–1.1 28.8 30.9 32.3 9.2 3.2 26.5 –3.9 5.1
–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
57.1 402 .. 1.8 0.9
55.4 566 .. 61.8 7.9
37.6 1,310
104
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0
6.6
47.0 13.9
Iran, Islamic Rep. Middle East & North Africa
Lower middle income Lower middleincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
2008
63.9 72.0 22.4 27.8 12.8 10.5 1,670 3,540 3.7 5.9 13.7 10.2 36.7 44.5 13.2 10.6 49.5 45.3 14.5 25.5 1,766.1 9,428.5 22.7 32.2 17.4 21.5
3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5
35.4 33.7
.. .. .. .. .. .. 54 .. ..
137 9 7 87.0 4.5 44.2 25 .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
5 0.0 26.4 17.6
802 0.6 25.8 16.7
31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
1.8 .. 18.3 31.4 .. .. 28.3 .. ..
7.9 .. 33.1 38.5 .. .. 49.2 –7.0 0.4
–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6
64.8 1,586 .. 1.5 1.0
72.8 2,325 .. 59.8 32.0
37.6 1,310
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0
6.6
47.0 13.9
105
Iraq Middle East & North Africa
Lower middle income Lower middleincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
2008
25.1 30.7 6.0 7.5 .. 10.5 .. .. 17.9 –11.4 5.4 8.6 84.4 70.1 0.9 1.7 10.3 21.3 .. .. 0.3 1,193.1 .. .. .. ..
3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5
35.4 33.7
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
153 77 11 .. .. 28.4 .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. .. .. ..
284 .. .. ..
31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 8.4
–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6
84.3 1,161 .. 0.0 0.0
.. 1,080 .. 57.1 1.0
37.6 1,310
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
106
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0
6.6
47.0 13.9
Ireland High income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
Highincome group 2008
3.8 1.8 4.3 23,170 9.7 3.5 41.3 32.4 55.2 5.6 1.1 98.1 84.6
4.4 2.2 6.0 49,770 5.0 1.7 33.9 22.2 64.4 4.1 0.7 79.4 68.7
.. .. .. .. .. .. 24 13.2 7.2
7 13 4 18.0 0.4 26.5 13 10.3 6.7
.. .. .. .. ..
2.3 11.0 37.4 28.3 17.2
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. 26.4 23.1 ..
.. –7.4 26.3 ..
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
4.9 40.1 88.6 68.7 6.5 1.0 105.5 –1.2 4.7
0.4 27.2 .. .. 4.7 2.6 217.0 0.3 2.6
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
100.0 5,796 .. 64.7 17.8
100.0 6,263 .. 121.0 62.7
87.0 9,753
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8
28.1 28.5
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5
3.9
106.1 69.1
107
Isle of Man High income Highincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
0.08 .. 1.6 21,980 10.4 .. .. .. .. .. 0.7 .. ..
0.08 .. 2.4 49,310 6.2 .. .. .. .. .. 0.5 .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. .. .. ..
.. .. .. ..
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
87.0 9,753
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
108
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8
28.1 28.5
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5
3.9
106.1 69.1
Israel High income Highincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
6.3 2.5 8.8 17,840 4.6 .. .. .. .. 1.1 4.1 37.1 37.4
7.3 3.1 6.2 24,720 3.5 .. .. .. .. 4.6 3.6 40.0 41.6
.. .. .. .. .. .. 36 .. ..
29 34 5 91.0 4.0 32.6 27 11.5 4.4
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. 4.7 20.4 ..
.. 4.8 18.5 ..
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–1.9 .. 83.6 76.2 7.3 6.9 76.9 11.1 4.2
–1.9 .. 97.1 88.9 5.7 1.5 90.1 4.4 2.8
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
100.0 6,323 .. 70.0 20.2
100.0 7,002 .. 122.9 47.9
87.0 9,753
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8
28.1 28.5
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5
3.9
106.1 69.1
109
Italy High income Highincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
56.9 23.2 10.8 20,890 1.8 2.8 28.4 21.0 68.8 2.5 1.1 27.1 26.1
59.8 25.2 6.7 35,460 1.0 2.0 27.0 18.2 71.0 3.3 0.7 28.8 29.3
.. .. .. .. .. .. 41 13.8 1.5
78 10 6 11.0 1.8 68.4 31 12.1 2.0
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. 1.2 20.3 ..
.. 0.7 20.9 ..
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–0.7 119.4 74.8 42.2 7.0 7.8 76.0 5.0 5.2
–2.5 106.3 .. .. 6.6 4.9 105.1 3.9 4.9
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
100.0 5,299 .. 74.2 23.2
100.0 5,713 .. 151.0 41.8
87.0 9,753
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
110
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8
28.1 28.5
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5
3.9
106.1 69.1
Jamaica Latin America & Caribbean
Upper middle income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
Upper middleincome group 2008
2.6 1.2 15.5 3,310 –0.5 7.0 25.5 10.6 67.4 8.2 43.0 39.1 51.9
2.7 1.2 10.6 4,800 1.8 5.3 25.3 8.8 69.3 22.0 72.8 .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. 33 3.5 1.0
75 8 6 62.0 1.1 51.3 33 3.7 1.2
.. .. .. .. ..
6.3 4.9 37.0 6.9 16.4
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
546 5.2 28.9 23.9
75 9.8 .. ..
82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. 36.0 32.8 9.2 11.0 25.7 11.5 11.7
–5.1 112.9 41.4 38.7 .. .. 28.3 –3.6 9.3
.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6
70.1 2,321 .. 14.2 3.1
73.3 2,542 .. 101.3 57.3
41.8 3,052
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2
27.8 27.2
47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5
6.2
95.3 30.6
111
Japan High income Highincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
126.9 67.6 4.8 34,620 0.6 1.8 32.4 22.2 65.8 –0.7 107.8 11.0 9.5
127.7 66.9 4.0 38,130 1.6 1.4 29.3 21.2 69.3 1.4 103.4 17.6 15.9
.. .. .. .. .. .. 42 3.7 1.1
15 23 8 4.0 0.6 55.7 41 4.4 1.7
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. 0.2 25.2 ..
.. 0.5 23.4 ..
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. 236.4 230.1 4.6 5.3 222.3 3.9 2.0
.. .. 153.2 186.1 3.6 1.7 163.5 2.8 1.3
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
76.6 7,971 .. 52.6 30.0
79.3 8,474 .. 86.4 75.2
87.0 9,753
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
112
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8
28.1 28.5
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5
3.9
106.1 69.1
Jordan Middle East & North Africa
Lower middle income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
Lower middleincome group 2008
4.8 1.4 15.8 1,790 3.2 2.3 25.5 15.7 72.1 0.7 0.7 41.8 68.5
5.9 1.9 12.7 3,470 7.2 2.9 34.1 20.5 63.0 14.9 0.7 58.2 90.6
.. .. .. .. .. .. 25 .. 0.2
100 13 8 4.0 4.3 31.1 25 .. 0.6
.. .. .. .. ..
6.7 0.9 8.6 47.1 15.5
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
584 9.6 21.1 11.9
194 9.3 25.6 19.1
31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. 86.4 85.7 7.0 18.4 77.8 12.2 4.8
–1.1 115.1 110.6 106.2 10.4 4.2 83.8 –5.8 3.6
–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6
100.0 1,377 .. 8.1 2.7
100.0 1,956 2.6 90.0 27.0
37.6 1,310
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5
35.4 33.7
34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0
6.6
47.0 13.9
113
Kazakhstan Europe & Central Asia
Upper middle income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
14.9 7.5 12.8 1,260 1.9 8.7 40.5 17.7 50.8 13.2 142.1 56.6 49.1
15.7 8.5 8.4 6,160 9.5 5.7 43.3 12.7 51.0 17.2 120.3 57.2 36.9
Upper middleincome group 2008 949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2
27.8 27.2
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
.. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. ..
63 20 7 9.0 1.5 35.9 30 9.0 0.3
7.6 57.1 17.4 7.4 12.8
4.7 25.1 31.0 47.8 10.8
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
375 7.0 17.3 16.5
1,147 11.0 31.3 25.8
82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
0.1 21.6 10.2 8.7 13.6 .. 11.2 .. ..
4.3 6.3 49.0 26.5 12.2 5.1 49.6 .. ..
.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6
86.5 3,170 .. 1.3 0.7
90.3 4,448 2.8 95.1 10.9
41.8 3,052
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
114
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5
6.2
95.3 30.6
Kenya Sub-Saharan Africa
Low income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
Lowincome group 2008
31.4 14.3 9.8 420 2.2 32.4 16.9 11.6 50.7 10.0 76.2 21.6 31.7
38.8 18.2 .. 730 4.5 27.0 18.8 12.1 54.2 26.2 69.2 27.3 41.4
.. .. .. .. .. .. 30 4.7 0.3
95 34 12 47.0 4.5 49.7 30 5.9 0.4
.. .. .. .. ..
5.1 32.3 22.9 40.5 9.8
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
130 0.9 16.7 7.5
1,390 0.3 19.4 15.8
7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
2.0 52.6 33.7 31.8 12.9 33.3 28.4 15.3 14.2
–4.1 .. 35.2 34.5 11.4 9.0 30.0 0.8 8.7
.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
12.1 109 .. 0.4 0.3
14.1 151 6.9 42.1 8.7
12.1 324
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5
33.9 47.1
44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5
10.8
28.5 4.6
115
Kiribati East Asia & Pacific
Lower middle income Lower middleincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
0.08 .. 0.8 1,330 6.0 22.5 11.8 5.0 65.7 .. 1.7 7.0 47.8
0.10 .. 6.1 2,040 2.4 27.5 7.9 5.8 64.7 .. 1.2 9.7 78.7
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
79 21 6 4.0 .. 31.8 .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. .. .. ..
.. .. .. ..
31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6
.. .. .. 0.4 1.8
.. .. .. 1.0 2.1
37.6 1,310
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
116
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5
35.4 33.7
34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0
6.6
47.0 13.9
Korea, Dem. Rep. East Asia & Pacific
Low income Lowincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
22.9 11.1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
23.8 12.2 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. .. .. ..
400 .. .. ..
7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5
6.4 715 .. 0.0 0.0
2.8 764 .. 0.0 0.0
12.1 324
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5
33.9 47.1
44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5
10.8
28.5 4.6
117
Korea, Rep. High income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
2008
47.0 48.6 22.7 24.4 4.4 3.2 9,910 21,530 3.5 4.5 4.6 2.5 38.1 37.1 28.3 28.1 57.3 60.3 2.3 4.7 1,131.0 1,102.0 38.6 52.9 35.7 54.1
Highincome group 2008 1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8
28.1 28.5
.. .. .. .. .. .. 31 .. ..
19 14 8 91.0 1.5 31.9 28 .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
0.1 21.3 39.9 3.9 17.6
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. 1.7 30.0 ..
.. 0.2 29.3 ..
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
4.4 9.6 76.5 60.8 4.6 8.9 87.4 3.4 0.6
4.3 .. 107.5 63.4 8.8 1.1 109.1 4.3 1.3
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
74.5 5,907 .. 57.0 40.5
77.6 8,502 .. 93.8 75.8
87.0 9,753
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
118
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5
3.9
106.1 69.1
Kosovo Europe & Central Asia
Lower middle income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
Lower middleincome group 2008
1.7 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
1.8 .. .. .. .. 12.0 20.0 16.2 68.0 9.4 .. 14.2 56.9
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
113 52 9 30.0 2.0 28.3 .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
9.8 7.7 25.3 76.9 7.9
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. .. .. ..
.. .. 27.2 18.7
31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. 3.7 34.3 .. ..
–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. 42.8 .. ..
37.6 1,310
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5
35.4 33.7
34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0
6.6
47.0 13.9
119
Kuwait High income Highincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
2.2 1.1 0.8 16,790 1.8 0.4 59.2 2.6 40.5 2.5 0.3 56.5 30.1
2.7 1.4 1.7 43,930 8.4 0.5 51.0 2.3 48.5 10.6 0.3 66.4 25.6
.. .. .. .. .. .. 55 .. ..
61 35 13 78.0 4.2 15.5 15 .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. 0.0 10.7 ..
.. 0.0 18.9 ..
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–9.4 .. 77.5 64.6 11.5 19.2 48.7 –9.7 3.0
23.4 .. 60.7 52.0 11.6 3.1 66.4 2.5 2.8
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
80.6 13,378 .. 21.7 6.8
85.0 16,198 .. 106.6 36.7
87.0 9,753
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
120
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8
28.1 28.5
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5
3.9
106.1 69.1
Kyrgyz Republic Europe & Central Asia
Low income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
4.9 2.1 12.5 280 5.4 36.7 31.4 19.5 31.9 18.7 47.7 41.8 47.6
5.3 2.5 8.3 780 4.4 29.8 19.7 13.0 50.6 24.5 36.6 56.5 93.6
Lowincome group 2008 976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5
33.9 47.1
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
41 11 3 17.0 4.0 59.4 .. .. 1.2
5.2 80.3 5.9 5.2 14.3
4.9 39.1 17.9 25.2 16.2
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
5 –0.2 18.3 10.5
75 4.6 22.7 18.6
7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–2.9 114.5 4.2 4.9 .. .. 4.2 19.5 33.5
0.0 .. 12.2 10.2 .. .. 15.1 –1.1 15.9
.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
91.1 1,904 .. 0.2 1.0
.. 1,772 5.7 64.3 16.1
12.1 324
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5
10.8
28.5 4.6
121
Lao PDR East Asia & Pacific
Low income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
2008
5.4 6.2 2.5 3.0 .. 1.4 280 760 6.1 6.9 52.5 34.7 22.9 28.2 17.0 9.3 24.6 37.1 25.1 7.6 7,887.6 8,744.1 30.0 32.7 44.1 44.4
Lowincome group 2008 976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5
33.9 47.1
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
167 100 7 162.0 .. 33.7 .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
1.6 26.2 0.0 58.8 7.2
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
5 2.0 28.3 14.7
665 4.1 37.1 32.3
7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. 8.8 13.6 .. .. 8.9 5.5 20.0
–2.9 .. 8.6 17.5 .. .. 9.5 14.6 23.5
.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
44.5 .. .. 0.2 0.1
13.4 .. 1.5 32.6 8.5
12.1 324
122
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5
10.8
28.5 4.6
Latvia Europe & Central Asia
Upper middle income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
2.4 1.1 13.9 3,220 5.7 4.6 23.6 13.7 71.8 2.6 0.6 41.6 48.7
2.3 1.2 7.5 11,860 8.2 3.1 22.7 10.6 74.2 15.4 0.5 41.8 54.9
Upper middleincome group 2008 949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2
27.8 27.2
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
.. .. .. .. .. .. 25 .. 4.1
27 16 5 17.0 3.0 33.0 15 .. 7.6
6.0 38.2 30.8 5.2 13.0
9.7 4.4 37.3 93.2 18.2
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
229 5.3 24.2 20.5
145 4.0 30.2 30.2
82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–2.2 12.0 20.8 16.3 8.5 4.6 19.2 7.4 7.5
–2.6 22.8 120.5 44.5 7.3 3.6 90.2 –2.9 5.5
.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6
100.0 2,078 .. 16.9 6.3
100.0 3,064 0.7 98.6 60.4
41.8 3,052
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5
6.2
95.3 30.6
123
Lebanon Middle East & North Africa
Upper middle income
Country data 2000
2008
Economic and social context 3.8 4.2 Population (millions) 1.2 1.4 Labor force (millions) 8.5 8.1 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4,690 6,780 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1.2 4.0 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) 7.1 5.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 22.8 21.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 13.0 10.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 70.1 73.5 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1,507.5 1,507.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 14.2 27.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 35.9 56.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Upper middleincome group 2008 949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2
27.8 27.2
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.7
108 9 5 17.0 4.0 30.2 .. .. 0.4
.. .. .. .. ..
12.0 23.7 53.5 71.6 20.9
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
196 5.6 21.0 16.6
3 12.3 30.7 28.9
82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–18.4 .. .. .. 6.4 7.8 87.9 20.7 6.9
–10.0 .. .. .. 7.8 7.5 75.9 2.1 2.3
.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
84.9 2,081 .. 19.7 8.0
.. 2,154 .. 34.0 22.5
41.8 3,052
124
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5
6.2
95.3 30.6
Lesotho Sub-Saharan Africa
Lower middle income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
Lower middleincome group 2008
1.9 0.81 27.3 570 2.5 11.7 28.4 12.2 59.9 6.1 6.9 32.6 98.5
2.0 0.92 .. 1,060 3.9 7.2 34.8 16.0 58.0 10.7 8.3 47.3 110.8
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
130 40 7 44.0 2.6 18.5 .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
5.6 9.2 32.7 13.9 24.7
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
3 15.0 40.4 31.7
9 13.4 28.3 17.5
31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–2.7 73.1 .. .. .. .. 15.6 11.1 12.2
5.7 .. 13.6 25.8 7.9 3.5 10.9 6.0 8.5
–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
18.3 .. .. 1.1 0.2
.. .. 6.8 28.3 3.6
37.6 1,310
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5
35.4 33.7
34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0
6.6
47.0 13.9
125
Liberia Sub-Saharan Africa
Low income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
Lowincome group 2008
2.8 1.1 .. 140 38.9 72.0 11.6 9.5 16.4 .. 41.0 21.5 26.0
3.8 1.5 5.6 170 –1.1 61.3 16.8 12.7 21.9 .. 63.2 31.1 172.6
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
149 20 5 84.0 3.0 43.7 .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
7.5 54.4 10.1 .. 2.4
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. 3.7 4.9 2.0
22 17.1 16.4 4.3
7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. .. .. .. .. 3.1 22.1 14.3
.. .. .. .. .. .. 12.5 3.6 11.3
.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5
6.2 .. .. 0.1 0.0
.. .. 5.4 19.3 0.5
12.1 324
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
126
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5
33.9 47.1
44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5
10.8
28.5 4.6
Libya Middle East & North Africa
Upper middle income Upper middleincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
5.3 1.8 .. 4,610 .. 5.2 66.1 3.1 28.7 –2.9 0.5 35.6 15.5
6.3 2.3 .. 12,380 5.6 1.9 78.2 4.5 19.9 10.4 1.2 67.4 27.5
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. 40 .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. 0.4 13.1 2.0
.. 4.4 27.9 5.9
82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. 32.1 26.5 .. .. 27.3 –9.6 4.0
.. .. .. .. .. .. 6.8 –15.5 3.5
.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6
57.2 2,227 .. 0.7 0.2
.. 3,871 .. 76.7 5.1
41.8 3,052
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2
27.8 27.2
47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5
6.2
95.3 30.6
127
Liechtenstein High income Highincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
0.03 .. .. 79,640 7.4 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
0.04 .. .. 97,990 1.6 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. .. .. ..
.. .. .. ..
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
.. .. .. 30.4 36.5
.. .. .. 95.4 66.0
87.0 9,753
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
128
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8
28.1 28.5
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5
3.9
106.1 69.1
Lithuania Europe & Central Asia
Upper middle income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
3.5 1.7 15.9 3,190 4.3 6.3 29.8 19.3 63.9 1.0 4.0 44.7 51.0
3.4 1.6 5.8 11,870 7.7 4.4 32.8 19.0 62.8 10.9 2.4 59.2 70.6
Upper middleincome group 2008 949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2
27.8 27.2
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 6.8 1.3
26 26 7 30.0 1.5 42.7 15 9.8 2.7
6.2 31.4 15.4 5.3 14.9
9.3 3.4 47.4 63.0 15.6
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
388 3.3 18.7 16.4
326 3.7 24.4 22.0
82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–2.8 .. 18.2 15.4 10.2 11.3 13.2 11.3 8.3
–3.1 18.4 62.2 32.7 7.6 4.6 62.7 –1.7 0.8
.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6
.. 2,517 .. 15.0 6.4
28.6 3,414 1.1 149.6 54.4
41.8 3,052
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5
6.2
95.3 30.6
129
Luxembourg High income Highincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
0.44 0.19 2.3 43,650 6.3 0.7 18.4 11.3 81.0 3.1 1.1 150.0 129.0
0.49 0.22 5.1 69,390 4.0 0.4 15.9 8.5 83.7 3.4 0.7 179.3 150.7
.. .. .. .. .. .. 37 12.9 7.9
64 24 6 52.0 2.0 20.9 30 11.7 8.0
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. 524.9 20.8 ..
.. 215.6 20.1 ..
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
5.5 4.9 .. .. 4.0 0.5 102.3 5.7 2.0
3.2 4.8 .. .. 5.2 0.2 197.5 .. ..
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
100.0 15,485 .. 69.5 22.9
100.0 16,315 .. 144.7 79.2
87.0 9,753
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
130
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8
28.1 28.5
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5
3.9
106.1 69.1
Macao SAR, China High income Highincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
0.44 0.22 6.7 14,340 –1.1 0.0 15.7 10.1 90.3 –1.6 8.0 100.4 64.6
0.53 0.33 2.9 35,360 15.2 0.0 17.7 2.8 86.0 8.6 8.0 90.4 49.5
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. 12 .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. 6.1 11.5 ..
.. 27.1 28.8 ..
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
1.6 .. 82.8 170.8 .. .. 79.9 12.2 4.6
17.2 .. 40.1 114.0 .. .. 52.3 3.8 4.3
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
100.0 .. .. 32.0 13.6
100.0 .. .. 177.2 49.2
87.0 9,753
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8
28.1 28.5
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5
3.9
106.1 69.1
131
Macedonia, FYR Europe & Central Asia
Upper middle income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
2.0 0.83 32.2 1,840 3.0 12.0 33.7 20.7 54.2 6.6 65.9 48.6 63.5
2.0 0.90 33.8 4,130 3.2 10.9 34.0 21.7 55.1 7.2 41.9 52.6 78.6
Upper middleincome group 2008 949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2
27.8 27.2
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
.. .. .. .. .. .. 15 .. ..
32 4 4 26.0 2.9 16.4 10 .. ..
9.3 36.8 10.0 11.2 12.1
14.5 8.1 47.0 27.7 21.5
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
429 4.9 16.2 11.5
342 6.3 23.9 19.3
82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. .. .. .. 23.1 17.8 9.9 7.7
–0.8 .. .. .. .. 6.8 43.8 2.4 3.8
.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6
63.8 2,929 .. 5.8 2.5
.. 3,780 2.2 122.6 41.5
41.8 3,052
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
132
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5
6.2
95.3 30.6
Madagascar Sub-Saharan Africa
Low income
Country data 2000
2008
Economic and social context 15.3 19.1 Population (millions) 7.3 9.4 Labor force (millions) 5.8 2.6 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 250 420 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3.9 3.8 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) 29.2 25.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 14.2 17.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 12.2 15.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 56.6 57.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 11.9 9.2 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1,353.5 1,708.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 30.7 26.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 38.0 52.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Lowincome group 2008 976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5
33.9 47.1
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 8.5 0.1
134 7 2 30.0 .. 39.2 .. 6.4 0.1
.. .. .. .. ..
17.1 6.8 12.2 92.1 8.7
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
10 2.1 15.0 8.3
102 15.6 35.6 25.9
7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–2.0 111.9 10.1 13.0 7.1 8.6 8.8 18.0 11.5
–2.7 .. 11.3 14.8 .. .. 11.1 32.5 33.5
.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5
11.6 .. .. 0.4 0.2
.. .. 13.6 25.3 1.7
12.1 324
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5
10.8
28.5 4.6
133
Malawi Sub-Saharan Africa
Low income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
Lowincome group 2008
11.8 5.0 .. 150 3.8 39.5 17.9 12.9 42.5 29.6 59.5 25.6 35.3
14.8 6.1 7.8 280 4.2 34.3 20.6 14.2 45.1 8.7 140.5 22.6 25.5
.. .. .. .. .. .. 38 5.1 0.0
132 39 10 84.0 2.6 25.8 .. 7.5 0.1
.. .. .. .. ..
3.5 11.4 20.6 59.2 17.9
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
5 1.5 12.3 2.3
57 0.9 24.2 15.7
7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. 7.6 15.0 .. .. 9.1 17.3 19.9
.. .. 11.1 20.2 .. .. 11.4 15.0 21.7
.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
19.0 .. .. 0.4 0.1
45.0 .. 1.0 12.0 2.1
12.1 324
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
134
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5
33.9 47.1
44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5
10.8
28.5 4.6
Malaysia East Asia & Pacific
Upper middle income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
23.3 9.7 3.0 3,450 3.7 0.9 48.3 30.9 50.8 1.5 3.8 119.8 100.6
27.0 11.7 3.2 7,250 5.5 10.2 47.7 28.0 42.0 5.4 3.3 110.2 89.9
Upper middleincome group 2008 949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2
27.8 27.2
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
.. .. .. .. .. .. 28 .. 2.5
23 11 9 75.0 2.3 34.2 26 .. 2.8
7.3 .. 48.6 .. 31.4
7.8 .. 48.6 10.7 54.1
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
5,511 4.0 25.3 13.4
837 3.3 21.7 11.6
82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–3.0 .. 131.0 107.6 8.5 15.4 171.3 –1.1 4.3
–4.1 .. 105.3 108.2 8.0 4.8 100.6 –3.8 3.0
.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
76.2 2,743 .. 22.0 21.4
79.8 3,667 0.8 102.6 55.8
41.8 3,052
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5
6.2
95.3 30.6
135
Maldives South Asia
Lower middle income Lower middleincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
0.27 0.09 2.0 2,150 8.5 .. .. .. .. .. 11.8 89.5 71.6
0.31 0.14 14.4 3,640 6.9 6.2 17.7 6.6 76.1 12.3 12.8 83.5 110.1
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
87 9 5 9.0 6.7 9.1 .. .. 2.7
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
2 2.1 26.3 ..
40 1.2 53.5 ..
31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–5.0 40.9 .. .. .. .. 19.1 11.7 6.1
–13.7 53.8 102.2 62.0 .. .. 100.6 –0.5 6.5
–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6
.. .. .. 2.8 2.2
.. .. .. 142.8 23.5
37.6 1,310
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
136
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5
35.4 33.7
34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0
6.6
47.0 13.9
Mali Sub-Saharan Africa
Low income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
Lowincome group 2008
10.5 3.0 3.3 250 5.5 41.6 20.6 3.8 37.9 –0.7 712.0 26.8 39.4
12.7 3.7 8.8 580 5.2 36.5 24.2 3.1 39.1 9.2 447.8 27.3 37.1
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
156 15 7 31.0 3.6 52.1 .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
2.4 31.1 7.0 48.4 8.6
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
366 3.4 24.6 15.9
67 1.5 23.3 14.6
7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–3.4 .. 15.8 13.1 .. .. 16.6 .. ..
–5.6 .. 17.3 17.2 .. .. 17.1 .. ..
.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
12.1 .. .. 0.1 0.1
18.0 .. 4.2 27.1 1.6
12.1 324
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5
33.9 47.1
44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5
10.8
28.5 4.6
137
Malta High income Highincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
0.39 0.16 6.3 9,670 4.4 .. .. .. .. 2.4 0.4 92.1 102.7
0.41 0.17 6.0 16,690 1.6 .. .. .. .. 4.3 0.3 87.7 89.9
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 7.9 ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. 35 8.9 ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. 15.4 23.1 ..
.. 12.7 19.4 ..
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. 129.0 122.5 .. .. 106.9 –2.7 2.4
–2.2 72.6 135.7 139.7 12.6 1.6 118.5 3.7 2.6
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
88.0 4,313 .. 29.3 13.1
87.5 4,845 .. 93.6 48.3
87.0 9,753
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
138
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8
28.1 28.5
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5
3.9
106.1 69.1
Marshall Islands East Asia & Pacific
Lower middle income Lower middleincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
0.05 .. 30.9 2,420 –3.7 9.4 18.6 3.7 72.1 .. .. .. ..
0.06 .. .. 3,270 2.9 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
98 17 5 .. 2.0 64.9 .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. .. .. ..
.. .. .. ..
31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6
.. .. .. 0.9 1.6
.. .. .. 1.7 3.7
37.6 1,310
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5
35.4 33.7
34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0
6.6
47.0 13.9
139
Mauritania Sub-Saharan Africa
Low income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
Lowincome group 2008
2.6 1.0 20.6 460 2.3 27.6 29.7 9.0 42.6 3.3 238.9 46.2 74.2
3.2 1.4 33.0 840 5.1 12.5 46.7 5.0 40.7 7.3 258.6 57.7 64.9
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
166 19 9 31.0 8.0 86.1 .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
5.8 48.2 3.2 7.5 5.9
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
43 3.7 19.4 14.8
40 3.6 25.9 21.3
7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. 22.0 9.5 .. .. 23.1 23.9 16.2
.. .. 27.5 11.2 .. .. 27.0 26.7 15.5
.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
11.3 .. .. 0.6 0.2
26.8 .. 3.7 65.1 1.9
12.1 324
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
140
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5
33.9 47.1
44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5
10.8
28.5 4.6
Mauritius Sub-Saharan Africa
Upper middle income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
Upper middleincome group 2008
1.2 0.53 8.8 3,870 5.5 7.0 31.0 23.5 62.1 4.2 26.2 61.4 61.9
1.3 0.57 7.3 6,700 3.7 4.4 29.1 20.0 66.5 9.7 28.5 53.0 67.7
.. .. .. .. .. .. 35 .. ..
17 6 5 4.0 1.7 22.9 15 .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
9.4 0.3 37.5 18.7 11.1
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
338 5.8 22.9 16.5
41 4.1 24.6 20.4
82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–1.1 32.7 68.4 70.4 .. .. 57.5 18.3 11.2
0.6 36.1 102.2 92.2 .. .. 87.7 12.9 11.4
.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
97.0 .. .. 15.2 7.3
98.0 .. 3.2 81.4 22.2
41.8 3,052
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2
27.8 27.2
47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5
6.2
95.3 30.6
141
Mayotte Sub-Saharan Africa
Upper middle income Upper middleincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
0.16 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
0.19 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. .. .. ..
.. .. .. ..
82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6
.. .. .. 12.7 ..
.. .. .. 28.0 ..
41.8 3,052
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
142
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2
27.8 27.2
47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5
6.2
95.3 30.6
Mexico Latin America & Caribbean
Upper middle income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
Upper middleincome group 2008
98.0 39.5 2.6 5,110 5.4 4.2 28.0 20.3 67.8 9.5 9.5 30.9 32.9
106.4 46.7 4.0 9,990 2.7 3.8 37.1 18.8 59.1 5.1 11.1 28.3 30.5
.. .. .. .. .. .. 35 .. ..
51 13 8 52.0 1.8 51.0 28 7.1 4.7
.. .. .. .. ..
20.5 9.6 2.6 8.3 20.3
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
5,277 3.1 21.4 17.8
5,504 2.1 22.1 16.6
82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–1.2 23.2 32.7 24.6 9.6 5.8 18.3 4.3 8.7
.. .. 30.5 21.7 9.6 3.2 21.1 2.1 5.7
.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6
32.8 1,794 .. 14.4 5.2
38.2 2,036 2.4 70.8 22.2
41.8 3,052
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2
27.8 27.2
47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5
6.2
95.3 30.6
143
Micronesia, Fed. Sts. East Asia & Pacific
Lower middle income Lower middleincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
0.11 .. 22.0 2,270 –0.3 .. .. .. .. .. 1.0 .. ..
0.11 .. .. 2,460 0.0 .. .. .. .. .. 1.0 .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
127 16 7 .. 5.3 58.7 .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. 67.1 ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. .. .. ..
.. .. .. ..
31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. .. .. .. .. 31.7 14.1 10.7
.. .. .. .. .. .. 20.3 9.2 11.9
–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
17.5 .. .. 0.0 3.7
.. .. .. 30.8 14.5
37.6 1,310
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
144
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5
35.4 33.7
34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0
6.6
47.0 13.9
Moldova Europe & Central Asia
Lower middle income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
4.1 1.9 8.5 370 –2.6 29.0 21.7 16.3 49.2 31.3 12.4 49.8 75.4
3.6 1.5 4.0 1,500 6.3 10.9 14.7 14.1 74.5 12.8 10.4 40.7 91.5
Lower middleincome group 2008 3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5
35.4 33.7
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 8.6 1.2
94 10 8 37.0 2.8 31.1 .. 9.3 2.2
7.0 73.3 28.0 19.1 8.8
7.0 15.5 30.8 24.3 9.1
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
25 9.9 15.4 13.8
141 11.7 34.1 32.1
31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–1.5 73.0 14.1 11.0 30.6 20.6 12.7 5.1 8.9
–0.4 18.5 33.1 32.4 17.0 5.2 36.5 10.3 3.1
–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
86.1 892 .. 3.4 1.3
85.7 1,319 1.7 66.7 23.4
37.6 1,310
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0
6.6
47.0 13.9
145
Monaco High income Highincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
0.03 .. 3.6 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
0.03 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. .. .. ..
.. .. .. ..
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
100.0 .. .. .. ..
100.0 .. .. .. ..
87.0 9,753
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
146
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8
28.1 28.5
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5
3.9
106.1 69.1
Mongolia East Asia & Pacific
Lower middle income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
2.4 2.6 1.1 1.4 17.5 2.8 410 1,670 3.0 7.8 32.7 21.1 20.3 39.8 4.6 4.5 47.0 39.2 11.6 25.1 1,076.7 1,165.7 56.4 57.2 70.9 71.5
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Lower middleincome group 2008 3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5
35.4 33.7
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
60 13 7 9.0 4.0 22.8 .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
12.1 20.8 26.5 20.0 16.7
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
11 4.9 25.1 22.0
2 13.0 35.7 32.3
31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
0.2 81.9 11.9 13.7 .. .. 7.2 8.6 20.2
–3.5 46.9 34.5 38.2 .. .. 43.6 –1.5 9.4
–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6
3.5 1,080 .. 6.5 1.3
.. 1,369 2.6 66.8 12.5
37.6 1,310
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0
6.6
47.0 13.9
147
Montenegro Europe & Central Asia
Upper middle income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
Upper middleincome group 2008
0.66 .. .. 1,840 –1.6 12.5 23.4 10.2 64.1 .. 1.1 36.8 51.1
0.62 .. 30.3 6,660 5.1 8.8 17.8 7.0 73.4 .. 0.7 40.3 74.7
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
71 13 12 28.0 2.0 28.9 9 .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
6.8 3.4 75.9 30.9 13.0
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
10 .. 16.9 16.9
23 19.2 27.7 18.4
82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. .. .. .. .. 8.1 .. ..
.. .. .. .. 8.4 7.2 80.4 –0.7 5.4
.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. 7.0 118.1 47.2
41.8 3,052
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
148
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2
27.8 27.2
47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5
6.2
95.3 30.6
Morocco Middle East & North Africa
Lower middle income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
Lower middleincome group 2008
28.8 10.2 12.5 1,310 3.4 14.9 29.1 17.5 56.0 1.9 10.6 28.0 33.4
31.6 11.8 9.6 2,520 5.0 14.6 30.3 14.0 55.0 3.8 7.8 36.7 50.2
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.4
128 12 6 85.0 1.8 41.7 .. .. 1.1
.. .. .. .. ..
11.4 10.7 12.3 18.8 17.3
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
2,135 0.6 26.0 21.3
1,043 2.8 33.1 28.4
31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–3.1 56.5 63.6 56.4 9.8 17.5 51.0 14.0 8.2
2.9 .. 73.2 78.5 7.3 6.0 77.4 10.4 7.9
–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
56.4 483 .. 8.1 0.7
62.0 707 2.5 72.2 33.0
37.6 1,310
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5
35.4 33.7
34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0
6.6
47.0 13.9
149
Mozambique Sub-Saharan Africa
Low income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
Lowincome group 2008
18.2 8.9 2.2 230 8.1 24.0 24.5 12.2 51.5 12.7 15.2 17.5 37.0
22.4 10.8 .. 380 8.0 28.6 24.3 13.9 47.1 10.3 24.3 33.3 45.7
.. .. .. .. .. .. 35 .. ..
135 26 10 134.0 5.0 34.3 32 .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
3.3 9.8 10.5 12.7 18.7
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
45 3.3 31.0 21.7
23 6.0 18.5 6.9
7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. 17.0 20.3 8.2 17.8 16.7 6.3 9.3
.. .. 20.0 23.4 6.7 2.8 18.4 9.8 7.3
.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
18.7 122 .. 0.3 0.1
.. 472 3.0 19.7 1.6
12.1 324
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
150
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5
33.9 47.1
44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5
10.8
28.5 4.6
Myanmar East Asia & Pacific
Low income Lowincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
46.6 25.2 .. .. 8.1 57.2 9.7 7.2 33.1 –0.1 6.4 0.5 0.6
49.6 26.8 .. .. 13.0 48.4 16.2 11.6 35.4 26.8 5.4 0.2 0.1
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
325 .. 11.8 ..
556 .. 11.7 ..
7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. 11.3 14.6 .. .. 10.4 12.5 5.5
–2.0 .. 4.8 6.5 .. .. 4.7 11.1 5.0
.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
11.4 75 .. 0.0 0.0
11.9 94 .. 0.7 0.2
12.1 324
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5
33.9 47.1
44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5
10.8
28.5 4.6
151
Namibia Sub-Saharan Africa
Upper middle income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
Upper middleincome group 2008
1.8 0.60 20.3 2,030 3.5 11.8 28.0 12.8 60.2 .. 6.9 40.9 44.5
2.1 0.76 21.9 4,210 5.6 9.1 37.5 13.5 53.4 10.4 8.3 42.0 61.4
.. .. .. .. .. .. 35 .. ..
66 66 10 24.0 1.5 9.6 35 .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
2.9 2.6 8.1 9.2 17.6
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
10 3.0 16.6 11.1
9 6.1 23.4 18.3
82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–1.6 .. 46.5 35.2 8.7 3.4 39.8 –9.0 7.9
2.0 .. 56.3 38.8 8.0 3.1 45.6 0.0 5.4
.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6
13.6 1,226 .. 4.5 1.6
.. 1,541 1.6 49.4 5.3
41.8 3,052
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
152
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2
27.8 27.2
47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5
6.2
95.3 30.6
Nepal South Asia
Low income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
Lowincome group 2008
24.4 10.2 8.8 220 4.6 40.8 22.1 9.4 37.0 2.5 71.1 23.3 32.4
28.8 12.9 .. 400 3.5 33.7 16.7 7.4 49.6 10.9 69.8 12.1 32.7
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
123 31 7 90.0 5.0 38.8 .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
6.5 14.9 17.5 9.0 3.1
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
30 0.0 19.3 12.4
14 0.0 21.1 18.0
7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. 64.6 31.9 35.2 .. .. 30.7 4.8 3.5
–1.0 43.7 57.4 61.5 .. .. 40.8 0.3 5.8
.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5
.. 58 .. 0.0 0.2
56.9 80 52.0 14.6 1.7
12.1 324
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5
33.9 47.1
44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5
10.8
28.5 4.6
153
Netherlands High income Highincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
15.9 8.1 3.0 26,580 4.1 2.6 24.9 15.6 72.4 2.3 1.1 70.1 64.5
16.4 8.9 2.8 49,340 1.9 1.7 25.5 13.7 72.9 2.5 0.7 76.9 68.8
.. .. .. .. .. .. 35 9.4 8.1
30 10 6 17.0 1.1 39.3 26 11.3 10.5
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. 16.4 21.9 ..
.. –0.3 20.5 ..
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
2.0 52.1 .. .. 5.1 1.8 134.2 0.6 1.9
0.3 43.4 .. .. 3.2 0.8 193.2 1.9 0.2
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
90.0 6,560 .. 67.5 44.0
.. 7,097 .. 125.4 87.0
87.0 9,753
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
154
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8
28.1 28.5
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5
3.9
106.1 69.1
Netherlands Antilles High income Highincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
0.18 0.08 14.0 .. .. .. .. .. .. 5.8 1.8 .. ..
0.20 0.09 12.0 .. .. .. .. .. .. 6.9 1.8 .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2.7 5.4
.. .. .. .. .. .. 35 3.4 5.9
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. .. .. ..
.. .. .. ..
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 6.1
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 6.0
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
.. 5,402 .. 16.5 1.1
.. 5,658 .. 108.6 ..
87.0 9,753
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8
28.1 28.5
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5
3.9
106.1 69.1
155
New Caledonia High income Highincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
0.21 0.09 .. 14,020 0.2 3.7 19.6 4.0 76.7 .. 129.5 13.1 33.0
0.25 0.10 16.3 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 87.2 .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. .. .. ..
.. .. .. ..
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
.. .. .. 23.4 14.1
.. .. .. 79.6 34.5
87.0 9,753
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
156
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8
28.1 28.5
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5
3.9
106.1 69.1
New Zealand High income Highincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
3.9 1.9 5.9 13,450 2.6 8.9 25.3 16.9 65.8 2.6 2.2 35.5 33.8
4.3 2.3 4.1 27,830 3.1 6.4 25.5 .. 68.0 4.5 1.4 29.0 29.8
.. .. .. .. .. .. 33 14.2 14.0
2 1 1 .. 1.3 32.8 30 15.7 27.0
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. 7.5 20.4 ..
.. 4.2 23.3 ..
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
1.7 33.8 .. .. .. .. 111.6 5.8 2.9
3.2 38.9 .. .. .. .. 150.4 8.3 4.7
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
62.8 9,076 .. 40.0 47.5
65.4 9,622 .. 108.2 71.4
87.0 9,753
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8
28.1 28.5
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5
3.9
106.1 69.1
157
Nicaragua Latin America & Caribbean
Lower middle income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
Lower middleincome group 2008
5.1 1.9 9.8 730 5.0 20.9 28.2 17.0 50.9 7.1 12.7 23.9 51.1
5.7 2.3 5.2 1,080 3.5 19.4 29.6 18.9 51.1 19.8 19.4 33.2 67.2
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.4
117 39 6 22.0 2.2 63.2 .. .. 0.6
.. .. .. .. ..
9.3 2.6 13.0 62.7 18.7
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
219 6.8 26.5 19.8
156 9.5 29.4 24.4
31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–3.6 .. 31.7 33.5 6.3 5.2 33.2 8.8 7.3
–1.1 .. 36.1 33.3 .. .. 36.4 –3.1 6.6
–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
11.1 337 .. 1.8 1.0
.. 446 12.5 54.8 3.3
37.6 1,310
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
158
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5
35.4 33.7
34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0
6.6
47.0 13.9
Niger Sub-Saharan Africa
Low income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
Lowincome group 2008
11.0 3.6 1.5 170 3.4 37.8 17.8 6.8 44.4 2.9 712.0 17.8 25.7
14.7 4.6 .. 330 4.4 40.0 17.3 6.4 42.7 11.3 447.8 15.4 24.8
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
174 17 9 35.0 5.0 46.5 .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
21.1 13.7 9.3 37.1 4.6
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
13 0.5 11.2 4.6
55 2.7 18.9 12.5
7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. 5.8 5.5 .. .. 4.8 .. ..
–0.9 .. 9.0 8.7 .. .. 11.0 .. ..
.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5
25.7 .. .. 0.0 0.0
20.7 .. 20.1 12.9 0.5
12.1 324
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5
33.9 47.1
44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5
10.8
28.5 4.6
159
Nigeria Sub-Saharan Africa
Lower middle income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
Lower middleincome group 2008
124.8 39.2 .. 270 2.7 48.6 30.5 3.4 20.9 6.9 101.7 54.0 32.0
151.2 48.6 .. 1,170 6.6 32.7 40.7 2.6 26.6 11.6 118.5 41.6 24.7
.. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. ..
125 31 8 50.0 2.0 32.2 30 .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
6.1 22.9 2.7 7.5 8.5
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
76 2.5 .. ..
3,377 1.8 .. ..
31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. 15.5 12.6 7.4 22.6 12.5 –12.2 9.6
.. .. 17.3 13.4 18.0 6.3 33.9 4.1 3.5
–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6
30.9 73 .. 0.0 0.1
15.0 137 26.3 41.7 15.9
37.6 1,310
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
160
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5
35.4 33.7
34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0
6.6
47.0 13.9
Northern Mariana Islands High income Highincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
0.07 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
0.09 .. 8.3 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. .. .. ..
.. .. .. ..
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
.. .. .. 4.3 ..
.. .. .. 26.2 ..
87.0 9,753
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8
28.1 28.5
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5
3.9
106.1 69.1
161
Norway High income Highincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
4.5 2.4 3.4 35,860 3.6 2.1 42.0 10.6 56.0 3.1 8.8 46.5 29.4
4.8 2.6 2.6 87,340 2.4 1.2 46.2 9.5 52.6 3.8 5.6 48.1 28.8
.. .. .. .. .. .. 28 8.5 3.4
10 7 5 13.0 0.9 41.6 28 13.6 5.9
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. 4.1 18.4 ..
.. –0.3 20.8 ..
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
15.7 23.5 66.3 44.0 7.0 1.2 75.8 –5.8 2.2
19.9 44.9 83.2 50.5 4.2 0.8 87.9 –2.1 1.8
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
76.0 24,994 .. 71.8 26.7
79.6 24,980 .. 110.1 82.5
87.0 9,753
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
162
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8
28.1 28.5
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5
3.9
106.1 69.1
Oman High income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
Highincome group 2008
2.4 0.88 .. 6,720 3.2 2.0 57.2 5.4 40.8 –0.8 0.4 59.2 31.4
2.8 1.1 .. 14,330 4.0 1.9 55.1 8.3 43.0 12.1 0.4 55.9 40.2
.. .. .. .. .. .. 12 9.8 1.3
65 12 5 4.0 4.0 21.6 12 16.4 3.6
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. 31.0 14.7 10.8
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. 0.4 11.9 4.4
.. 7.5 .. ..
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–4.4 19.1 44.4 31.2 12.8 11.3 36.8 –8.3 2.4
.. .. 34.3 29.4 15.5 2.4 35.9 2.1 2.6
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
30.0 3,140 .. 6.7 3.5
41.3 4,484 .. 115.6 20.0
87.0 9,753
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8
28.1 28.5
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5
3.9
106.1 69.1
163
Pakistan South Asia
Lower middle income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
138.1 41.6 7.2 490 3.0 25.9 23.3 14.7 50.7 4.4 53.6 13.4 14.7
166.1 55.8 5.1 950 5.4 20.4 26.9 19.7 52.7 20.3 70.4 12.8 23.8
Lower middleincome group 2008 3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5
35.4 33.7
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
.. .. .. .. .. .. 35 .. 0.0
85 20 10 90.0 2.8 31.6 35 .. 0.0
8.7 .. 14.6 .. 17.0
2.2 58.8 9.7 106.3 9.6
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
77 0.4 15.9 10.3
4,042 3.3 20.4 15.0
31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–4.1 79.1 30.2 26.5 4.9 19.5 22.3 .. ..
–7.4 .. 38.2 34.7 10.4 9.1 29.5 –2.9 6.0
–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
56.0 374 .. 0.2 1.4
65.4 474 34.1 53.0 11.1
37.6 1,310
164
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0
6.6
47.0 13.9
Palau East Asia & Pacific
Upper middle income Upper middleincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
0.02 .. .. 6,260 1.2 3.9 15.3 1.4 80.8 .. .. 9.6 106.1
0.02 .. 4.2 8,630 1.8 3.5 20.7 0.5 75.8 .. .. 67.8 64.1
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
97 28 8 .. 1.0 73.0 .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. .. .. ..
.. .. .. ..
82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6
.. .. .. 12.3 20.0
.. .. .. 60.2 27.3
41.8 3,052
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2
27.8 27.2
47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5
6.2
95.3 30.6
165
Panama Latin America & Caribbean
Upper middle income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
Upper middleincome group 2008
3.0 1.3 13.8 3,740 5.0 7.2 19.1 10.1 73.6 1.5 1.0 72.6 69.8
3.4 1.6 6.8 6,690 6.6 6.4 17.2 6.7 76.3 8.8 1.0 74.9 74.0
.. .. .. .. .. .. 37 .. ..
77 12 6 44.0 2.5 50.1 30 .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
10.3 7.7 19.2 10.2 14.7
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
111 5.4 21.2 17.9
942 10.4 22.2 16.6
82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–0.8 .. 94.5 73.8 9.6 1.4 101.9 11.9 3.4
.. .. 81.5 78.3 13.4 1.7 89.7 –0.3 4.6
.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
34.6 1,301 .. 13.9 6.6
.. 1,592 4.2 115.2 27.5
41.8 3,052
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
166
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2
27.8 27.2
47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5
6.2
95.3 30.6
Papua New Guinea East Asia & Pacific
Lower middle income Lower middleincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
5.4 2.3 2.8 620 –0.8 35.8 41.4 7.5 22.8 15.6 2.8 66.2 49.2
6.6 2.9 .. 1,040 2.9 33.6 47.9 5.6 18.4 10.8 2.7 72.5 60.1
.. .. .. .. .. .. 25 .. ..
102 56 8 39.0 3.0 42.3 30 .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
71 2.7 20.4 ..
150 –0.4 18.1 ..
31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–1.9 57.7 .. .. .. .. 17.2 3.9 9.1
.. .. .. .. .. .. 24.8 –2.1 8.0
–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6
3.5 .. .. 0.2 0.8
.. .. .. 9.1 1.8
37.6 1,310
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5
35.4 33.7
34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0
6.6
47.0 13.9
167
Paraguay Latin America & Caribbean
Lower middle income
Country data 2000
2008
Economic and social context 5.4 6.2 Population (millions) 2.3 2.9 Labor force (millions) 7.6 5.7 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 1,350 2,110 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 0.1 3.7 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) 17.0 20.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 22.5 18.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 15.5 12.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 60.5 61.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 9.0 10.2 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3,486.4 4,363.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 38.2 53.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 49.0 58.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Lower middleincome group 2008 3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5
35.4 33.7
.. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. ..
124 35 7 99.0 3.9 35.0 10 .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
7.9 24.5 8.2 27.2 7.1
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
30 1.5 17.5 ..
179 2.0 19.6 15.1
31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. 28.4 22.0 12.4 12.3 29.8 13.1 11.1
3.4 .. 18.4 17.2 11.2 1.2 24.5 17.4 22.7
–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
50.8 880 .. 15.3 0.7
.. 958 2.3 95.5 14.3
37.6 1,310
168
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0
6.6
47.0 13.9
Peru Latin America & Caribbean
Upper middle income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
26.0 11.2 7.4 2,050 2.4 8.5 29.9 15.8 61.6 3.8 3.5 16.0 18.2
28.8 13.3 7.0 3,990 6.0 7.2 36.2 15.9 56.6 5.8 2.9 27.1 26.5
Upper middleincome group 2008 949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2
27.8 27.2
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
.. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. 1.4
56 41 9 17.0 3.1 40.3 30 .. ..
.. .. 26.3 .. 2.6
13.5 1.6 30.9 81.6 14.6
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
952 1.5 20.2 16.3
1,520 3.2 26.1 21.7
82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–2.1 .. 29.0 26.1 9.1 9.0 26.0 25.4 20.2
2.0 24.3 23.3 26.1 8.3 2.2 24.8 20.9 20.2
.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
13.4 678 .. 4.9 3.1
13.9 961 0.9 72.7 24.7
41.8 3,052
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5
6.2
95.3 30.6
169
Philippines East Asia & Pacific
Lower middle income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
Lower middleincome group 2008
77.7 31.5 10.1 1,030 3.5 15.8 32.3 22.2 52.0 4.0 44.2 55.4 53.5
90.3 37.9 7.4 1,890 5.1 14.9 31.6 22.3 53.5 9.3 44.3 36.9 38.7
.. .. .. .. .. .. 32 .. 0.3
144 52 15 91.0 5.7 49.4 35 .. 0.3
.. .. .. .. ..
6.9 21.8 21.8 23.1 15.8
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
2,153 3.0 21.2 14.6
3,217 0.8 14.7 11.4
31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–3.9 52.9 50.3 54.0 13.6 24.0 43.8 4.3 2.6
–1.3 77.7 36.2 51.0 11.1 4.5 28.8 1.1 4.3
–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
20.0 501 .. 8.3 2.0
9.9 586 .. 75.4 6.2
37.6 1,310
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
170
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5
35.4 33.7
34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0
6.6
47.0 13.9
Poland Europe & Central Asia
Upper middle income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
38.5 17.4 16.1 4,590 5.4 5.0 31.7 18.5 63.3 10.1 4.3 27.1 33.5
38.1 17.7 7.1 11,730 4.4 4.5 30.8 17.3 64.6 4.3 2.4 39.8 43.5
Upper middleincome group 2008 949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2
27.8 27.2
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
.. .. .. .. .. .. 30 4.9 0.9
72 32 6 13.0 3.0 42.5 19 5.0 1.0
7.8 29.4 29.2 8.2 11.4
12.8 4.8 40.7 83.0 17.3
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
7,807 5.5 23.7 21.3
5,104 2.8 22.0 17.4
82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–2.8 33.0 33.6 34.0 7.1 15.5 26.6 12.0 5.8
–3.7 44.8 55.4 42.1 7.9 4.4 49.8 3.9 3.3
.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6
68.3 3,240 .. 17.5 7.3
90.3 3,662 2.3 115.2 49.0
41.8 3,052
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5
6.2
95.3 30.6
171
Portugal High income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
Highincome group 2008
10.2 5.2 3.9 11,590 4.2 3.8 27.6 17.1 68.6 2.8 1.1 29.8 40.6
10.6 5.6 7.6 20,680 0.9 2.4 23.9 14.3 73.7 2.6 0.7 32.9 42.5
.. .. .. .. .. .. 37 7.0 2.7
48 6 6 97.0 2.0 42.9 25 7.3 4.4
.. .. .. .. ..
1.1 52.1 24.4 5.7 12.7
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. 5.9 27.1 ..
.. 1.5 21.7 ..
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–2.6 60.2 106.4 88.5 5.8 2.2 131.5 1.9 2.8
–2.7 76.0 .. .. 6.1 2.0 179.7 .. ..
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
86.0 4,014 .. 65.2 16.4
86.0 4,860 .. 140.4 42.1
87.0 9,753
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
172
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8
28.1 28.5
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5
3.9
106.1 69.1
Puerto Rico High income Highincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
3.8 1.4 10.1 10,560 4.4 0.9 41.3 38.3 57.8 .. .. 75.2 98.0
4.0 1.5 11.6 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
35 7 7 .. 3.8 64.7 .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. .. .. ..
.. .. .. ..
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
94.0 .. .. 24.3 10.5
95.0 .. .. 85.8 25.3
87.0 9,753
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8
28.1 28.5
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5
3.9
106.1 69.1
173
Qatar High income Highincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
0.62 0.35 3.9 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1.7 3.6 67.3 22.3
1.3 0.90 .. .. 9.0 .. .. .. .. 15.0 3.6 64.2 38.2
.. .. .. .. .. .. 35 .. ..
39 6 6 69.0 2.8 11.3 35 .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. .. 19.5 ..
.. .. 30.2 ..
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. .. .. .. .. 26.8 .. ..
12.5 .. 55.5 38.3 .. .. 46.7 –10.0 3.9
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
90.0 13,782 .. 19.6 4.9
.. 12,915 .. 131.4 34.0
87.0 9,753
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
174
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8
28.1 28.5
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5
3.9
106.1 69.1
Romania Europe & Central Asia
Upper middle income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
22.4 11.8 7.1 1,690 –2.1 12.5 36.4 14.5 51.1 45.7 2.2 32.7 37.9
21.5 10.0 5.8 8,280 6.4 7.1 25.2 20.9 67.6 7.8 2.5 29.9 40.4
Upper middleincome group 2008 949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2
27.8 27.2
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
.. .. .. .. .. .. 25 5.2 2.3
55 10 6 8.0 3.3 44.6 16 11.9 6.7
8.6 35.2 19.8 20.1 21.7
9.2 12.1 37.3 42.0 26.1
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
901 2.8 18.9 ..
3,647 6.9 31.1 26.7
82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–2.0 .. 11.7 17.4 8.6 3.3 7.2 6.7 20.7
–4.6 .. 37.0 27.9 7.0 13.8 38.5 3.1 5.5
.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6
49.5 1,988 .. 11.1 3.6
30.2 2,452 3.0 113.7 28.8
41.8 3,052
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5
6.2
95.3 30.6
175
Russian Federation Europe & Central Asia
Upper middle income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
146.3 72.3 9.8 1,710 1.2 6.4 37.9 17.6 55.6 20.8 28.1 44.1 24.0
142.0 76.0 6.2 9,660 6.7 5.0 37.2 18.0 57.8 14.1 24.9 30.8 22.0
Upper middleincome group 2008 949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2
27.8 27.2
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
.. .. .. .. .. .. 43 14.0 2.2
120 30 9 17.0 3.8 48.3 24 15.0 4.9
8.2 54.2 11.1 10.2 20.3
19.9 17.4 30.6 57.5 11.7
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
1,939 1.0 16.9 15.1
19,450 4.3 22.0 18.8
82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
7.0 49.0 .. .. 12.1 7.7 13.3 –9.6 17.9
5.6 6.4 .. .. 13.6 3.8 41.0 –5.8 6.5
.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6
67.4 5,209 .. 2.2 2.0
80.9 6,317 1.5 140.6 31.9
41.8 3,052
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
176
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5
6.2
95.3 30.6
Rwanda Sub-Saharan Africa
Low income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
Lowincome group 2008
8.0 3.7 .. 250 10.1 37.2 13.6 7.0 49.2 3.9 389.7 8.7 25.7
9.7 4.8 .. 440 6.7 37.4 14.1 4.5 48.5 15.4 546.8 14.9 31.2
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
67 3 2 26.0 .. 31.3 .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
5.9 4.9 15.9 18.2 10.8
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
8 0.5 18.3 12.1
44 2.3 24.1 13.1
7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. 10.6 12.1 8.1 57.0 10.4 20.6 6.9
.. .. 12.7 14.7 12.3 12.6 12.1 –0.8 9.3
.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5
.. .. .. 0.5 0.1
19.0 .. 13.6 13.6 3.1
12.1 324
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5
33.9 47.1
44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5
10.8
28.5 4.6
177
Samoa East Asia & Pacific
Lower middle income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
Lower middleincome group 2008
0.18 0.06 5.0 1,360 3.3 16.8 26.0 14.8 57.2 1.0 3.3 33.8 57.2
0.18 0.06 1.3 2,820 4.0 10.8 29.3 11.7 60.0 11.5 2.6 33.5 55.4
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
57 9 5 9.0 2.5 18.9 .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. 19.6 .. 9.8 ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
10 –0.7 .. ..
.. 1.1 .. ..
31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. 31.7 32.6 .. .. 30.6 8.0 4.5
.. .. 38.2 39.3 .. .. 43.7 9.6 6.6
–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
14.2 .. .. 1.4 0.6
.. .. .. 69.3 5.0
37.6 1,310
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
178
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5
35.4 33.7
34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0
6.6
47.0 13.9
San Marino High income Highincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
.. .. 3.0 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1.1 .. ..
0.03 .. 2.6 46,770 3.9 .. .. .. .. 4.3 0.7 .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. .. .. ..
.. .. .. ..
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
1.3 16.5 .. .. .. .. .. 6.5 6.6
6.2 62.0 .. .. .. .. .. 5.8 5.0
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. 77.4 54.8
87.0 9,753
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8
28.1 28.5
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5
3.9
106.1 69.1
179
São Tomé and Príncipe Sub-Saharan Africa
Lower middle income Lower middleincome group 2008
Country data 2000
2008
Economic and social context 0.14 0.16 Population (millions) 0.05 0.06 Labor force (millions) 14.4 16.7 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. 1,030 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) .. 6.5 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) 19.7 16.8 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 16.9 20.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 5.7 6.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 63.5 62.7 Services value added (% of GDP) .. .. Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 7,978.2 14,695.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) .. .. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) .. .. Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5
35.4 33.7
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
180 144 10 91.0 .. 47.2 .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
2 3.9 .. ..
50 18.9 .. ..
31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. .. .. .. .. 4.3 25.7 18.7
.. .. .. .. .. .. 28.3 7.0 19.7
–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
68.1 .. .. 0.0 4.6
.. .. .. 30.6 15.5
37.6 1,310
180
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0
6.6
47.0 13.9
Saudi Arabia High income Highincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
20.6 6.9 4.6 8,140 2.3 4.9 53.9 9.7 41.1 –1.1 3.8 43.7 24.9
24.6 9.0 5.6 17,870 4.1 2.3 70.2 8.3 27.4 9.9 3.8 68.9 37.6
.. .. .. .. .. .. 45 .. ..
13 5 4 80.0 1.5 14.5 20 .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. –1.0 17.5 ..
.. 4.8 19.3 ..
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. 40.6 15.3 9.6 10.4 52.5 .. ..
.. .. 48.3 19.2 10.0 1.4 55.4 .. ..
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
29.9 5,670 .. 6.7 2.2
21.5 7,247 .. 146.1 31.5
87.0 9,753
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8
28.1 28.5
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5
3.9
106.1 69.1
181
Senegal Sub-Saharan Africa
Low income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
Lowincome group 2008
9.9 4.1 .. 510 4.4 19.1 23.2 14.7 57.6 0.7 712.0 27.9 37.2
12.2 5.2 11.1 980 4.5 15.7 21.7 12.8 62.6 5.8 447.8 25.0 47.5
.. .. .. .. .. .. 35 6.3 0.0
157 8 4 38.0 3.0 46.0 .. 2.3 0.0
.. .. .. .. ..
2.9 18.7 19.8 9.4 6.1
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
79 1.3 22.4 17.9
432 5.3 30.2 20.2
7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–0.9 73.7 19.6 17.1 9.9 18.1 18.7 .. ..
.. .. 24.2 24.4 9.1 19.1 24.2 .. ..
.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
29.3 101 .. 2.5 0.4
29.3 128 11.8 44.1 8.4
12.1 324
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
182
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5
33.9 47.1
44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5
10.8
28.5 4.6
Serbia Europe & Central Asia
Upper middle income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
7.5 .. .. 1,470 0.0 20.6 31.4 .. 48.1 71.1 63.2 23.0 39.1
7.4 .. 13.6 5,590 5.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 12.9 55.7 29.7 52.4
Upper middleincome group 2008 949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2
27.8 27.2
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
.. .. .. .. .. .. 20 .. ..
88 13 7 25.0 2.7 34.0 10 13.0 1.6
10.3 44.8 10.6 8.7 9.6
12.2 3.6 42.8 109.5 21.8
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
345 0.3 12.3 9.5
250 6.0 20.4 16.7
82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. .. .. 18.3 21.6 47.5 –41.3 30.4
–1.6 .. .. .. 20.5 5.3 38.4 0.5 10.8
.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
62.7 4,199 .. .. ..
.. 4,155 1.1 130.9 44.9
41.8 3,052
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5
6.2
95.3 30.6
183
Seychelles Sub-Saharan Africa
Upper middle income Upper middleincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
0.08 .. 9.8 7,420 6.6 3.0 29.0 19.2 68.0 6.3 5.7 78.2 81.4
0.09 .. 5.5 10,220 2.0 2.3 22.4 13.4 75.3 37.0 9.5 130.9 152.5
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
111 38 9 39.0 .. 44.1 .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
7 4.0 25.2 13.8
15 43.7 28.3 24.6
82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–13.9 .. 90.2 80.7 .. .. 22.3 9.4 6.0
8.1 .. 104.5 105.4 .. .. 38.4 –10.8 7.8
.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6
84.5 .. .. 32.0 7.4
96.0 .. .. 107.5 39.0
41.8 3,052
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
184
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2
27.8 27.2
47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5
6.2
95.3 30.6
Sierra Leone Sub-Saharan Africa
Low income
Country data 2000
2008
Economic and social context 4.2 5.6 Population (millions) 1.7 2.1 Labor force (millions) .. 3.4 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 150 320 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) –5.0 10.3 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) 58.4 50.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 28.4 23.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 3.5 3.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 13.3 26.3 Services value added (% of GDP) .. 17.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2,092.1 2,981.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 18.1 16.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 39.3 29.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Lowincome group 2008 976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5
33.9 47.1
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
148 12 6 189.0 2.6 235.6 .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
7.4 8.6 6.9 14.8 13.8
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
3 6.1 6.9 1.7
22 –0.2 14.7 8.6
7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–9.3 247.4 7.3 8.5 18.5 37.9 2.1 19.0 17.0
–2.4 .. 9.7 11.9 18.7 23.3 7.1 12.0 14.8
.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5
7.9 .. .. 0.3 0.1
.. .. 15.9 18.1 0.3
12.1 324
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5
10.8
28.5 4.6
185
Singapore High income Highincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
4.0 2.1 6.0 22,960 5.7 0.1 35.6 27.7 64.3 1.4 1.7 191.4 176.4
4.8 2.6 3.2 34,760 5.8 0.1 27.8 20.8 72.2 6.5 1.4 234.3 215.3
.. .. .. .. .. .. 26 10.0 2.8
1 3 3 4.0 0.8 27.8 18 19.4 7.5
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. 17.8 30.6 22.5
.. 12.5 28.5 17.0
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
11.4 86.9 117.0 109.8 10.0 3.4 109.5 2.0 4.1
8.1 102.6 110.5 111.1 8.5 1.4 107.9 4.2 5.0
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
100.0 7,575 .. 68.2 32.3
100.0 8,514 .. 131.7 69.6
87.0 9,753
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
186
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8
28.1 28.5
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5
3.9
106.1 69.1
Slovak Republic High income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
5.4 2.6 18.8 5,370 3.7 4.5 36.2 24.7 59.3 12.0 1.5 70.5 73.0
5.4 2.7 9.5 16,590 6.3 3.1 38.0 23.9 58.9 4.6 0.7 83.0 85.3
Highincome group 2008 1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8
28.1 28.5
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
.. .. .. .. .. .. 29 8.1 1.7
42 16 6 26.0 4.0 48.6 19 11.8 4.1
6.1 41.2 9.6 15.2 20.0
6.7 3.1 31.5 25.0 27.0
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. 7.2 25.8 23.8
.. 3.3 26.1 22.2
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. 81.1 54.3 4.6 13.7 51.1 5.0 6.4
–2.2 36.6 55.2 50.4 9.8 3.2 44.7 6.8 4.3
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
87.0 4,956 .. 23.1 9.4
87.0 5,250 1.3 102.1 66.0
87.0 9,753
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5
3.9
106.1 69.1
187
Slovenia High income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
2.0 0.96 7.2 11,090 4.4 3.3 35.8 25.8 60.9 8.9 0.9 53.9 57.4
2.0 1.0 4.4 24,230 4.4 2.4 34.4 23.4 63.3 5.7 0.7 70.2 71.5
Highincome group 2008 1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8
28.1 28.5
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
.. .. .. .. .. .. 25 4.0 1.2
53 6 3 37.0 2.0 37.5 22 10.5 3.5
4.4 14.7 12.7 6.4 32.0
7.3 14.0 52.2 60.8 28.0
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. 0.7 26.1 57.3
.. 3.5 27.5 59.1
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–1.1 22.2 43.6 41.2 10.1 6.5 35.9 9.9 5.7
–0.2 .. 70.0 51.9 8.4 1.6 85.6 2.5 2.6
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
100.0 5,778 .. 61.1 15.1
100.0 7,138 2.7 101.7 55.7
87.0 9,753
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
188
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5
3.9
106.1 69.1
Solomon Islands East Asia & Pacific
Lower middle income Lower middleincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
0.42 0.09 31.9 1,000 –1.9 34.7 12.7 8.0 52.6 7.9 5.1 24.1 38.6
0.51 0.11 .. 1,010 4.5 36.0 6.8 4.9 57.2 17.3 7.7 36.1 57.2
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
104 57 7 44.0 1.0 36.3 .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. 3.0 6.1 ..
5 11.8 13.4 ..
31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. 23.5 24.1 .. .. 23.3 3.5 12.0
.. .. .. .. .. .. 41.7 0.1 13.4
–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6
2.4 .. .. 0.3 0.5
.. .. .. 5.9 2.0
37.6 1,310
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5
35.4 33.7
34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0
6.6
47.0 13.9
189
Somalia Sub-Saharan Africa
Low income Lowincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
7.4 2.9 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
8.9 3.5 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
1 .. .. ..
1 .. .. ..
7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5
11.8 .. .. 1.1 0.2
.. .. .. 7.0 1.1
12.1 324
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
190
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5
33.9 47.1
44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5
10.8
28.5 4.6
South Africa Sub-Saharan Africa
Upper middle income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
Upper middleincome group 2008
44.0 15.3 26.7 3,050 2.5 3.3 31.8 19.0 64.9 5.3 6.9 27.9 24.9
48.7 18.6 22.9 5,820 4.3 3.3 33.7 18.8 63.0 9.9 8.3 35.4 38.5
.. .. .. .. .. .. 38 5.8 1.1
34 22 6 24.0 2.0 30.2 35 7.5 1.4
.. .. .. .. ..
6.0 3.1 34.8 15.8 26.4
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
1,891 0.7 15.1 12.4
1,927 3.5 23.2 15.8
82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–2.0 45.3 70.7 50.1 8.7 3.1 133.7 5.2 5.3
–0.4 .. 81.3 59.8 7.9 3.9 145.2 3.9 3.5
.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
20.3 4,417 .. 19.0 5.5
.. 4,986 2.1 92.4 8.6
41.8 3,052
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2
27.8 27.2
47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5
6.2
95.3 30.6
191
Spain High income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
Highincome group 2008
40.3 18.0 13.9 15,420 4.2 4.4 29.2 18.6 66.4 3.4 1.1 29.0 32.2
45.6 22.8 11.3 31,930 3.3 2.8 28.9 15.2 68.3 4.1 0.7 26.4 32.2
.. .. .. .. .. .. 35 7.8 4.2
62 47 10 56.0 1.0 56.9 30 6.0 5.3
.. .. .. .. ..
0.8 14.3 32.6 9.3 21.3
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. 6.7 25.8 ..
.. 4.4 29.4 ..
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–0.5 58.9 105.6 58.1 8.5 1.2 97.7 1.7 2.2
–2.0 33.8 .. .. 6.4 3.4 201.4 .. ..
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
99.0 5,207 .. 60.3 13.6
99.0 6,296 .. 109.0 55.4
87.0 9,753
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
192
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8
28.1 28.5
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5
3.9
106.1 69.1
Sri Lanka South Asia
Lower middle income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
Lower middleincome group 2008
18.7 7.8 7.7 880 5.1 19.9 27.3 16.8 52.8 6.2 77.0 39.0 49.6
20.2 8.3 5.2 1,780 5.5 13.4 29.4 18.0 57.3 22.6 108.3 24.9 38.3
.. .. .. .. .. .. 35 .. 0.2
105 38 4 217.0 1.7 63.7 35 .. 0.3
.. .. .. .. ..
3.5 2.7 26.2 83.4 ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
160 1.1 28.0 24.8
301 1.9 25.3 19.3
31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–8.4 96.9 32.1 31.1 4.4 15.3 28.8 8.3 7.0
–6.5 85.0 38.6 32.3 .. .. 28.9 2.2 8.0
–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
85.8 296 .. 2.3 0.6
81.0 417 .. 55.0 5.8
37.6 1,310
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5
35.4 33.7
34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0
6.6
47.0 13.9
193
St. Kitts and Nevis Latin America & Caribbean
Upper middle income Upper middleincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
0.04 .. .. 6,470 4.3 2.7 28.8 10.4 68.5 2.0 2.7 46.0 76.3
0.05 .. .. 10,870 4.3 2.6 26.6 8.3 70.8 5.5 2.7 40.9 71.4
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
76 45 8 13.0 .. 52.7 .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
4 29.5 50.1 39.7
1 16.1 41.6 41.9
82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. 117.3 108.6 .. .. 77.3 6.8 6.8
–3.3 95.8 140.0 138.6 .. .. 78.8 10.8 4.2
.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6
42.5 .. .. 2.7 6.1
.. .. .. 162.6 32.5
41.8 3,052
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
194
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2
27.8 27.2
47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5
6.2
95.3 30.6
St. Lucia Latin America & Caribbean
Upper middle income Upper middleincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
0.16 0.06 16.5 4,130 3.0 7.1 19.0 5.1 74.0 3.6 2.7 53.3 63.0
0.17 0.08 21.0 5,410 3.2 4.8 17.8 5.8 77.5 7.1 2.7 51.5 75.8
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
36 14 5 56.0 2.0 34.4 .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
15 7.6 25.7 16.5
11 10.5 25.9 18.1
82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. 84.4 70.8 .. .. 77.6 10.7 8.3
.. .. 119.9 93.0 .. .. 128.2 6.6 6.9
.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6
.. .. .. 1.6 5.1
.. .. .. 99.6 58.8
41.8 3,052
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2
27.8 27.2
47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5
6.2
95.3 30.6
195
St. Vincent & Grenadines Latin America & Caribbean
Upper middle income Upper middleincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
0.11 0.05 .. 2,920 5.7 10.7 23.7 6.0 65.7 0.2 2.7 52.9 59.1
0.11 0.05 .. 5,050 4.8 7.9 29.2 4.4 62.9 10.1 2.7 43.0 66.6
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
70 11 7 54.0 .. 41.0 .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. 11.1 27.0 20.0
35 20.0 37.9 27.8
82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. 76.8 85.7 .. .. 64.7 11.1 6.9
.. .. 73.9 69.8 .. .. 56.9 0.5 6.7
.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
68.0 .. .. 2.2 3.2
70.0 .. .. 119.2 60.5
41.8 3,052
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
196
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2
27.8 27.2
47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5
6.2
95.3 30.6
Sudan Sub-Saharan Africa
Lower middle income Lower middleincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
34.9 10.5 .. 320 6.2 41.7 21.5 8.6 36.8 8.0 2.6 15.3 17.7
41.3 13.1 .. 1,100 7.4 25.8 34.1 5.7 40.1 14.3 2.1 23.8 23.0
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
154 36 10 118.0 .. 36.1 35 .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
12 3.2 12.1 9.7
207 4.6 20.2 12.8
31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–0.4 8.7 2.1 5.3 .. .. 2.2 .. ..
.. .. 13.3 14.3 .. .. 10.9 .. ..
–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
36.3 62 .. 0.1 0.0
.. 90 .. 29.0 10.2
37.6 1,310
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5
35.4 33.7
34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0
6.6
47.0 13.9
197
Suriname Latin America & Caribbean
Upper middle income Upper middleincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
0.47 0.16 13.8 1,930 1.7 11.2 25.2 9.0 63.7 59.4 1.3 19.7 33.2
0.52 0.19 .. 4,760 5.4 4.7 40.2 20.7 55.1 13.2 2.7 30.7 45.6
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
155 694 13 26.0 5.0 27.9 .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. –16.6 12.4 9.8
60 –7.7 25.1 19.8
82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. 12.3 17.6 .. .. 8.4 –16.7 13.5
.. .. 26.5 48.2 .. .. 26.1 –5.7 5.9
.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
26.0 .. .. 8.8 2.5
26.3 .. .. 80.8 9.7
41.8 3,052
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
198
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2
27.8 27.2
47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5
6.2
95.3 30.6
Swaziland Sub-Saharan Africa
Lower middle income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
Lower middleincome group 2008
1.1 0.37 22.5 1,550 4.3 12.5 45.0 39.5 42.6 12.2 6.9 76.1 90.1
1.2 0.44 28.2 2,600 2.6 7.3 49.4 44.4 43.3 13.7 8.3 68.6 80.7
.. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. ..
115 61 13 53.0 2.0 36.6 30 .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
4.4 3.3 7.7 16.9 22.1
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
5 6.1 17.4 11.5
20 0.4 16.5 8.0
31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. 13.2 19.6 .. .. 12.8 13.8 7.5
–2.8 .. 22.6 19.5 20.7 8.4 23.6 4.3 6.7
–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
30.0 .. .. 3.1 0.9
.. .. 2.5 45.5 6.9
37.6 1,310
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5
35.4 33.7
34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0
6.6
47.0 13.9
199
Sweden High income Highincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
8.9 4.5 5.8 29,280 3.4 2.0 28.6 22.0 69.4 1.0 9.2 46.6 40.3
9.2 5.0 6.2 50,910 2.8 1.6 27.9 20.0 70.5 3.4 6.6 54.2 46.8
.. .. .. .. .. .. 28 7.5 3.6
18 15 3 26.0 2.0 54.6 28 8.6 4.7
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. 9.0 17.6 ..
.. 8.7 19.5 ..
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
0.5 60.7 46.4 0.1 6.5 1.6 42.6 4.3 3.7
.. 47.3 134.4 54.0 4.7 1.0 129.6 2.4 2.5
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
77.5 15,687 .. 71.8 45.6
31.7 15,238 .. 118.1 87.7
87.0 9,753
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
200
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8
28.1 28.5
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5
3.9
106.1 69.1
Switzerland High income Highincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
7.2 4.0 2.7 40,270 2.0 1.6 27.3 19.0 71.1 1.5 1.7 46.5 40.7
7.6 4.4 3.4 55,510 1.9 1.2 28.0 19.9 70.8 2.4 1.1 55.9 46.7
.. .. .. .. .. .. 25 12.7 3.3
21 20 6 13.0 3.0 29.7 21 11.3 3.6
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. 7.9 22.7 ..
.. 1.3 22.0 ..
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
2.2 25.6 172.9 129.4 6.0 4.1 158.5 3.1 1.3
1.1 23.6 179.8 134.7 4.6 0.5 168.2 1.1 3.2
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
.. 7,847 .. 64.6 47.9
100.0 8,164 .. 116.3 75.9
87.0 9,753
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8
28.1 28.5
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5
3.9
106.1 69.1
201
Syrian Arab Republic Middle East & North Africa
Lower middle income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
Lower middleincome group 2008
16.5 4.9 2.3 960 2.2 23.8 37.9 6.5 38.3 –3.8 11.2 35.4 28.6
20.6 6.7 10.3 2,160 4.4 20.0 35.0 12.8 45.0 15.7 11.2 31.3 31.6
.. .. .. .. .. .. 45 9.2 0.0
143 17 7 80.0 4.1 42.9 28 9.5 0.0
.. .. .. .. ..
10.3 68.8 7.6 61.8 7.4
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
161 1.4 17.3 6.3
95 3.1 16.4 9.0
31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. 33.6 32.6 .. .. 8.3 –0.6 5.0
.. .. 32.1 40.1 .. .. 15.6 –3.1 1.8
–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6
.. 1,058 .. 0.2 0.2
.. 1,469 .. 34.3 17.3
37.6 1,310
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
202
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5
35.4 33.7
34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0
6.6
47.0 13.9
Tajikistan Europe & Central Asia
Low income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
6.2 2.0 .. 160 1.1 27.4 38.9 33.7 33.7 38.6 2.1 98.8 100.9
6.8 2.8 .. 600 8.6 18.0 22.9 16.5 59.0 20.5 3.4 16.7 58.3
Lowincome group 2008 976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5
33.9 47.1
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.1
152 25 12 30.0 3.0 85.9 .. .. 0.2
6.1 87.2 3.9 11.9 8.6
11.7 33.0 21.4 28.3 16.7
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
9 2.7 9.5 2.8
53 7.3 19.3 5.9
7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–0.8 114.1 11.9 2.8 .. .. 13.8 2.4 24.3
–6.6 .. 19.5 7.4 .. .. 29.0 –3.1 14.4
.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
.. 2,177 .. 0.0 0.0
.. 2,176 6.3 53.7 8.8
12.1 324
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5
10.8
28.5 4.6
203
Tanzania Sub-Saharan Africa
Low income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
2008
34.1 42.5 16.8 20.8 5.1 4.3 270 440 3.9 6.8 45.0 45.3 15.7 17.4 7.5 6.9 39.2 37.3 5.9 10.3 800.4 1,196.3 16.8 21.7 24.2 27.5
Lowincome group 2008 976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5
33.9 47.1
.. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. 0.2
131 29 12 18.0 3.0 45.2 30 6.6 0.2
.. .. .. .. ..
4.0 14.7 6.8 44.3 14.7
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
61 5.1 17.4 11.4
477 3.6 16.4 9.8
7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. .. .. .. .. 4.6 13.1 14.2
.. .. .. .. .. .. 16.3 5.6 6.9
.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5
.. 58 .. 0.3 0.1
8.6 82 12.0 30.6 1.2
12.1 324
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
204
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5
10.8
28.5 4.6
Thailand East Asia & Pacific
Lower middle income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
Lower middleincome group 2008
62.3 34.3 2.4 1,960 –0.7 9.0 42.0 33.6 49.0 1.6 40.1 66.8 58.1
67.4 38.5 1.4 3,670 5.2 11.6 44.2 34.9 44.2 5.5 33.3 76.6 73.9
.. .. .. .. .. .. 30 8.2 0.4
12 32 7 54.0 2.7 37.2 30 8.5 0.6
.. .. .. .. ..
0.4 .. 74.4 27.9 39.0
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
1,377 2.7 22.0 13.8
2,747 3.6 27.4 20.8
31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. 131.6 103.3 7.5 17.7 108.3 6.4 4.5
0.5 24.0 103.9 93.3 9.5 5.7 113.1 3.1 4.6
–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
98.5 1,462 .. 4.9 3.7
.. 2,055 1.3 92.0 23.9
37.6 1,310
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5
35.4 33.7
34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0
6.6
47.0 13.9
205
Timor-Leste East Asia & Pacific
Lower middle income Lower middleincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
0.82 0.28 .. 330 .. 25.8 18.5 2.8 55.7 .. 180.1 .. ..
1.1 0.43 .. 2,460 1.9 .. .. .. .. 9.1 .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
164 83 10 17.0 .. 0.2 .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. 2.6 .. 9.1 ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. .. 21.8 7.7
.. .. .. ..
31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. .. .. .. .. 2.2 .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. 20.6 2.2 12.3
–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
37.6 1,310
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
206
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5
35.4 33.7
34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0
6.6
47.0 13.9
Togo Sub-Saharan Africa
Low income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
Lowincome group 2008
5.2 2.2 .. 280 4.2 34.2 17.8 8.4 47.9 1.9 712.0 30.7 50.7
6.5 2.9 .. 410 2.4 43.7 24.0 10.1 32.4 8.7 447.8 41.9 62.5
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
165 75 7 36.0 3.0 52.7 .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
2.7 16.4 16.9 53.9 6.6
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
68 3.2 17.8 14.8
190 2.3 22.3 19.5
7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. 17.0 14.8 .. .. 15.6 .. ..
0.3 .. 21.5 23.9 .. .. 18.7 .. ..
.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
31.6 89 .. 1.0 1.9
.. 96 11.1 24.0 5.4
12.1 324
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5
33.9 47.1
44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5
10.8
28.5 4.6
207
Tonga East Asia & Pacific
Lower middle income Lower middleincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
0.10 0.04 .. 1,650 1.7 28.0 16.2 5.1 55.8 6.3 1.8 14.9 51.8
0.10 0.04 1.1 2,690 1.2 25.6 14.4 2.7 60.1 10.4 1.9 14.1 70.6
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
52 25 4 .. 2.7 27.5 .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
7 3.0 17.9 ..
10 2.2 17.1 ..
31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. 55.1 40.3 .. .. 62.1 9.7 6.0
.. .. 58.9 45.9 .. .. 63.3 7.3 5.9
–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
27.0 .. .. 0.2 2.4
.. .. .. 48.7 8.1
37.6 1,310
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
208
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5
35.4 33.7
34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0
6.6
47.0 13.9
Trinidad and Tobago High income Highincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
1.3 0.59 12.1 5,190 5.0 1.4 49.5 7.3 49.1 3.6 6.3 59.1 45.5
1.3 0.69 6.5 16,590 8.4 0.3 62.4 5.3 37.3 12.0 6.3 73.4 42.3
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
81 43 9 67.0 .. 33.1 .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. 8.3 20.0 14.3
.. 3.8 25.3 19.4
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
2.0 .. 35.4 48.1 .. .. 43.5 3.2 8.3
0.7 .. 32.7 39.4 .. .. 28.9 5.1 5.1
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
51.1 3,907 .. 12.5 7.7
.. 5,642 .. 112.9 17.0
87.0 9,753
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8
28.1 28.5
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5
3.9
106.1 69.1
209
Tunisia Middle East & North Africa
Lower middle income Lower middleincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
9.6 3.2 15.7 2,090 5.5 12.3 28.6 18.2 59.1 3.0 1.4 44.5 48.2
10.3 3.8 14.2 3,480 4.9 9.9 32.6 17.9 57.5 4.9 1.2 61.0 65.3
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 12.9 0.9
69 11 10 17.0 1.3 62.8 30 10.5 1.0
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
261 3.9 26.0 13.7
99 6.5 25.3 12.3
31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–2.7 62.6 57.8 45.3 7.5 21.6 66.3 .. ..
–0.7 48.2 63.9 49.7 .. 15.5 66.6 .. ..
–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
68.4 991 .. 1.2 2.7
65.8 1,248 .. 83.3 27.1
37.6 1,310
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
210
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5
35.4 33.7
34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0
6.6
47.0 13.9
Turkey Europe & Central Asia
Upper middle income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
66.5 23.1 6.5 3,990 3.5 11.3 31.5 22.5 57.2 54.9 0.6 20.1 23.1
73.9 25.8 9.4 9,020 5.7 8.6 27.6 18.3 63.7 10.4 1.3 23.9 28.4
Upper middleincome group 2008 949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2
27.8 27.2
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
.. .. .. .. .. .. 33 9.4 1.6
73 6 6 95.0 3.3 44.5 20 12.3 1.9
3.5 49.4 13.3 2.7 8.7
27.1 4.0 51.9 7.4 30.0
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
8,215 0.4 20.4 15.7
9,231 2.5 19.9 16.0
82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. 32.6 28.5 6.1 9.2 18.4 .. ..
–1.9 44.5 45.6 37.4 11.7 3.6 32.6 .. ..
.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6
34.0 1,573 .. 24.3 3.8
.. 2,238 4.1 89.1 34.4
41.8 3,052
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5
6.2
95.3 30.6
211
Turkmenistan Europe & Central Asia
Lower middle income Lower middleincome group 2008
Country data 2000
2008
Economic and social context 4.5 Population (millions) 1.8 Labor force (millions) .. Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 650 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 3.9 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) 24.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 44.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 10.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 31.2 Services value added (% of GDP) .. Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 5,200.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 95.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 80.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
5.0 2.4 .. 2,840 14.5 12.3 53.7 21.7 34.0 .. .. 80.5 50.8
3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5
35.4 33.7
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
20 4.5 34.7 ..
58 5.3 6.5 6.0
31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. .. .. .. .. 2.0 .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6
81.2 1,698 .. 0.2 0.1
.. 2,279 .. 22.5 1.5
37.6 1,310
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
212
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0
6.6
47.0 13.9
Uganda Sub-Saharan Africa
Low income
Country data 2000
2008
Economic and social context 24.4 31.7 Population (millions) 10.5 13.6 Labor force (millions) .. 3.2 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 270 420 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6.4 7.5 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) 29.6 22.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 22.9 25.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 7.8 7.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 47.5 51.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 3.4 12.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 1,644.5 1,720.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 10.6 15.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 22.5 33.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Lowincome group 2008 976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5
33.9 47.1
.. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. 0.4
112 25 18 13.0 2.2 35.7 30 10.0 0.7
.. .. .. .. ..
5.2 14.5 7.7 33.0 15.5
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
57 2.6 19.2 13.2
821 5.5 23.3 17.9
7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–1.9 42.9 9.7 10.7 9.8 9.8 6.2 13.3 13.1
–1.5 28.9 13.9 13.7 13.8 2.2 13.9 13.3 9.8
.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5
.. .. .. 0.5 0.2
23.0 .. 11.0 27.0 7.9
12.1 324
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5
10.8
28.5 4.6
213
Ukraine Europe & Central Asia
Lower middle income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
49.2 23.4 11.6 700 –1.9 17.1 36.3 19.2 46.6 28.2 5.4 62.4 57.4
46.3 23.1 6.4 3,210 7.2 8.3 36.9 23.3 54.8 25.2 5.3 41.7 47.8
Lower middleincome group 2008 3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5
35.4 33.7
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
.. .. .. .. .. .. 30 8.0 0.9
142 27 10 13.0 2.9 57.2 25 7.9 1.3
10.2 58.9 8.1 26.2 14.5
11.3 28.3 32.1 47.9 13.0
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
206 1.9 19.7 17.3
1,364 6.1 25.6 22.7
31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–0.6 45.3 10.7 9.3 16.2 29.6 11.2 15.0 27.8
–1.5 .. 46.5 31.2 14.0 17.4 73.7 –9.0 7.5
–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6
96.7 2,778 .. 1.7 0.7
97.8 3,529 2.1 120.4 10.5
37.6 1,310
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
214
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0
6.6
47.0 13.9
United Arab Emirates High income Highincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
3.2 1.9 2.3 19,320 5.1 3.5 55.7 13.5 40.8 .. 3.7 73.3 55.3
4.5 2.8 3.1 26,360 7.8 1.8 60.6 12.4 37.6 .. 3.7 91.0 66.7
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
33 15 8 84.0 5.1 14.1 55 .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. .. 22.1 9.5
.. .. 20.4 10.3
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
0.1 .. .. .. 12.9 12.7 46.2 –9.9 3.5
.. .. .. .. 10.6 2.5 72.7 .. ..
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
100.0 11,919 .. 44.1 23.6
.. 16,165 .. 208.6 65.2
87.0 9,753
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8
28.1 28.5
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5
3.9
106.1 69.1
215
United Kingdom High income Highincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
58.9 29.3 5.6 25,910 3.4 1.0 27.3 17.5 71.7 2.9 0.7 27.6 29.5
61.4 31.5 5.6 46,040 2.5 0.7 23.7 13.3 75.6 4.0 0.5 28.9 32.0
.. .. .. .. .. .. 30 14.9 5.8
5 13 6 22.0 1.0 35.9 28 17.7 11.0
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. 8.3 17.1 ..
.. 3.5 16.7 ..
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
1.7 47.5 120.5 .. 6.5 2.5 129.3 4.7 2.7
–4.7 57.5 198.3 .. 4.4 1.6 211.1 2.3 ..
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
100.0 6,115 .. 73.8 26.8
100.0 6,120 .. 126.0 76.0
87.0 9,753
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
216
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8
28.1 28.5
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5
3.9
106.1 69.1
United States High income Highincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
282.2 147.9 4.0 34,410 4.2 1.2 24.2 17.0 74.6 3.4 1.0 11.2 15.1
304.1 158.2 5.8 47,930 2.4 1.3 21.8 13.7 76.9 3.8 1.0 12.1 17.2
.. .. .. .. .. .. 40 .. ..
4 6 6 .. 1.5 46.3 40 13.1 3.4
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. 3.3 19.9 ..
.. 2.3 18.4 ..
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
0.5 33.0 55.9 63.7 8.5 1.1 170.7 6.9 ..
–5.5 55.7 70.3 80.5 9.3 3.0 193.7 2.9 ..
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
.. 13,670 .. 38.8 43.9
65.3 13,652 .. 89.0 75.9
87.0 9,753
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8
28.1 28.5
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5
3.9
106.1 69.1
217
Uruguay Latin America & Caribbean
Upper middle income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
Upper middleincome group 2008
3.3 1.5 13.6 7,100 2.2 7.0 24.5 14.1 68.5 4.8 12.1 16.7 20.0
3.3 1.6 7.6 8,260 3.8 10.8 26.6 17.6 62.6 7.9 20.9 28.3 32.3
.. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. ..
114 65 11 31.0 2.1 46.7 25 .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
7.0 0.6 6.9 38.6 6.8
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
681 1.2 14.3 10.7
53 6.9 18.7 14.6
82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–3.0 40.6 54.7 44.0 7.2 12.4 45.1 41.8 27.8
–0.9 54.0 27.9 36.2 8.9 1.0 26.3 3.4 9.2
.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6
90.0 1,990 .. 12.4 10.6
10.0 2,197 0.3 105.2 40.2
41.8 3,052
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
218
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2
27.8 27.2
47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5
6.2
95.3 30.6
Uzbekistan Europe & Central Asia
Low income Lowincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
24.7 9.1 .. 630 4.1 34.4 23.1 9.4 42.5 .. 236.6 24.6 21.5
27.3 12.3 .. 910 6.6 21.4 30.8 12.1 47.9 .. .. 41.9 31.5
976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5
33.9 47.1
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 11.4 0.2
150 15 7 22.0 4.0 94.9 .. 18.2 0.6
5.3 52.7 1.3 7.6 14.8
11.1 52.4 8.2 28.0 1.3
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
26 0.5 24.0 15.5
344 3.3 23.0 17.2
7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5
87.3 1,780 .. 0.2 0.5
.. 1,658 6.1 46.6 9.0
12.1 324
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5
10.8
28.5 4.6
219
Vanuatu East Asia & Pacific
Lower middle income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
Lower middleincome group 2008
0.19 0.09 1.6 1,250 2.2 15.6 9.3 4.4 75.1 2.5 137.6 43.6 53.4
0.23 0.12 .. 1,940 3.7 14.3 9.2 2.8 76.5 4.8 101.3 44.7 58.2
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
59 39 8 56.0 2.6 8.4 .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. 4.6 .. 15.3 ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
6 8.3 21.3 ..
35 5.8 24.2 ..
31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–0.8 29.2 .. .. .. .. 35.1 8.6 8.6
.. .. .. .. .. .. 55.2 –2.3 4.0
–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
23.9 .. .. 0.2 2.1
.. .. .. 15.4 7.3
37.6 1,310
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
220
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5
35.4 33.7
34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0
6.6
47.0 13.9
Venezuela, RB Latin America & Caribbean
Upper middle income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
2008
24.3 10.1 13.2 4,100 0.6 4.2 49.7 19.8 46.1 16.2 0.7 29.7 18.1
27.9 12.7 7.4 9,230 5.2 4.0 57.8 16.4 38.2 31.4 2.1 30.4 20.2
Upper middleincome group 2008 949 432 8.0 7,852 4.6 6.1 33.7 17.3 60.2
27.8 27.2
.. .. .. .. .. .. 34 .. ..
177 141 16 ..a 4.0 61.1 34 .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
33.6 2.6 35.7 25.4 12.5
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
774 4.0 21.0 ..
391 0.1 19.8 ..
82,923 3.6 21.9 16.9
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–1.2 .. 11.9 15.0 13.0 6.6 12.5 –3.3 8.9
2.2 .. 22.0 24.2 9.4 1.9 21.5 –6.8 6.2
.. .. 51.2 39.9 9.4 3.6 44.6
33.6 2,655 .. 22.4 3.4
.. 3,077 2.4 97.0 25.7
41.8 3,052
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
47 8 37.4 2.9 44.3 10.8 3.5
6.2
95.3 30.6
a. Laws ban dismissing workers on economic grounds. The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
221
Vietnam East Asia & Pacific
Low income
Country data 2000
2008
Economic and social context 77.6 86.2 Population (millions) 37.9 45.6 Labor force (millions) 2.3 2.1 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 390 890 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 6.7 7.7 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) 24.5 22.1 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 36.7 39.7 Industry value added (% of GDP) 18.6 21.1 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 38.7 38.2 Services value added (% of GDP) –1.7 23.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 14,167.8 16,302.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 55.0 78.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 57.5 94.7 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Lowincome group 2008 976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5
33.9 47.1
.. .. .. .. .. .. 33 .. ..
93 50 11 87.0 5.0 40.1 28 .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
0.8 33.7 29.4 29.6 11.4
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
150 4.2 27.6 ..
365 10.6 36.0 ..
7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. 32.0 7.4 .. .. 35.3 6.9 6.9
.. .. 84.0 14.9 .. .. 90.6 –4.9 3.1
.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
25.1 295 .. 1.0 0.3
47.6 728 .. 81.2 24.2
12.1 324
222
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5
10.8
28.5 4.6
Virgin Islands (U.S.) High income Highincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
0.11 0.05 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1.0 .. ..
0.11 0.05 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1.0 .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
.. .. .. ..
.. .. .. ..
.. 2.8 20.7 ..
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
–1.0 43.4 99.4 .. 6.3 1.9 155.9
.. .. .. 32.2 13.8
.. .. .. 73.3 27.3
87.0 9,753
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
1,069 502 5.9 39,688 2.3 1.5 25.7 16.8 72.8
28.1 28.5
19 6 39.3 2.1 39.2 11.5 7.5
3.9
106.1 69.1
223
West Bank and Gaza Middle East & North Africa
Lower middle income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
Lower middleincome group 2008
3.0 0.63 14.1 1,560 7.4 .. .. .. .. 3.0 .. 16.0 71.2
3.9 0.94 26.0 1,250 –0.9 .. .. .. .. 3.5 .. 14.0 68.2
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
139 49 11 91.0 .. 16.8 16 .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
5.7 2.7 4.2 37.1 18.2
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
237 1.5 32.7 ..
23 1.2 25.7 ..
31,715 3.4 34.5 19.6
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
.. .. .. .. .. .. 5.5 10.5 6.9
.. .. .. .. .. .. 7.5 2.3 4.8
–1.5 .. 98.1 48.0 10.2 4.4 82.6
100.0 .. .. 5.9 1.2
100.0 .. 3.3 29.3 9.0
37.6 1,310
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
224
2010
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3,703 1,728 5.5 2,073 8.3 13.4 41.1 26.6 45.5
35.4 33.7
34 9 58.6 3.3 40.1 8.8 1.0
6.6
47.0 13.9
Yemen, Rep. Middle East & North Africa
Low income Lowincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
18.2 4.3 11.5 400 5.6 10.3 46.5 5.2 43.2 4.6 161.7 42.3 36.6
22.9 6.0 .. 960 3.9 14.3 40.3 4.7 45.4 19.0 199.8 38.0 41.4
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.0
99 12 6 17.0 3.0 47.8 35 .. 0.0
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
20 0.1 18.6 13.2
270 5.8 23.1 13.4
7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–2.3 .. 8.6 17.4 .. .. 5.0 –4.9 5.5
.. .. 12.0 18.7 .. .. 7.8 –0.5 5.0
.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
15.5 136 .. 0.2 0.1
8.7 202 .. 16.1 1.6
12.1 324
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5
33.9 47.1
44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5
10.8
28.5 4.6
225
Zambia Sub-Saharan Africa
Low income
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)
2008
10.5 12.6 4.0 4.7 12.9 .. 300 950 2.2 5.3 22.3 21.2 25.3 46.3 11.4 11.6 52.4 32.5 26.0 12.4 3,110.8 3,745.7 27.1 36.8 41.5 34.3
Lowincome group 2008 976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5
33.9 47.1
Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
.. .. .. .. .. .. 35 .. 0.5
90 18 6 178.0 2.7 16.1 35 .. 0.9
13.0 .. 25.4 142.4 5.8
4.6 4.9 10.2 97.0 17.2
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)
27 3.8 16.0 6.0
131 6.6 22.7 17.5
7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
1.8 176.2 12.4 16.3 .. 23.6 8.6 6.7 18.6
–0.8 .. 16.2 18.0 .. .. 15.3 7.5 12.5
.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5
22.0 595 .. 0.9 0.2
.. 720 3.6 28.0 5.5
12.1 324
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
226
2010
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5
10.8
28.5 4.6
Zimbabwe Sub-Saharan Africa
Low income Lowincome group 2008
Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–08 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Investment climate Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–183; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)
2008
12.5 12.5 5.1 4.9 6.0 4.2 460 360 0.7 –5.7 18.5 19.1 25.0 23.9 15.8 13.5 56.5 57.0 55.9 24,411.0 0.0 6,720,000,000 35.9 56.8 36.2 73.0
976 441 .. 523 5.8 25.0 28.5 14.3 46.5
33.9 47.1
.. .. .. .. .. .. 31 .. ..
159 96 10 446.0 3.3 39.4 31 .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
.. .. .. .. ..
Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) 8 Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) 0.3 Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) 11.8 Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) 11.1
123 3.0 21.0 19.5
7,503 5.1 26.0 15.1
44 9 68.7 3.8 74.4 18.2 0.5
Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)
–5.2 58.1 24.3 28.3 9.4 19.6 24.5 7.7 18.0
.. .. 15.9 18.4 .. .. 26.6 –0.7 457.5
.. .. 40.6 26.3 .. .. 36.5
Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages in a typical month (number) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)
19.0 856 .. 2.1 0.4
.. 898 .. 13.3 11.4
12.1 324
The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development
2010
10.8
28.5 4.6
227
Glossary Agriculture value added is the net output of agriculture (International Standard Industrial Classification divisions 1–5, including forestry and fishing) after totaling outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Bank capital to asset ratio is the ratio of bank capital and reserves to total assets. Capital and reserves include funds contributed by owners, retained earnings, general and special reserves, provisions, and valuation adjustments. Capital includes tier 1 capital (paid-up shares and common stock), which is a common feature in all countries’ banking systems, and total regulatory capital, which includes several specified types of subordinated debt instruments that need not be repaid if the funds are required to maintain minimum capital levels (these comprise tier 2 and tier 3 capital). Total assets include all nonfinancial and financial assets. (International Monetary Fund) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio is the value of nonperforming loans divided by the total value of the loan portfolio (including nonperforming loans before the deduction of specific loan loss provisions). The loan amount recorded as nonperforming should be the gross value of the loan as recorded on the balance sheet, not just the amount that is overdue. (International Monetary Fund) Business entry rate is the number of firms newly registered in 2007 or the most recent year available as a percentage of total registered firms. Total firms registered includes all limited liability corporations. (World Bank Group Entrepreneurship Survey) Closing a business is the number of years from the time of filing for insolvency in court until resolution of distressed assets. Data listed for 2008 are for June 2009. (World Bank) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection is the average wait, in days, to obtain an electrical connection from the day an establishment applies for it to the day it receives the service. (World Bank) Deposit money banks’ assets are claims on the domestic real nonfinancial sector by deposit money banks. (International Monetary Fund) Domestic credit to the private sector is financial resources provided to the private sector—such as through loans, purchases of nonequity securities, and trade credits and other accounts receivable—that establish a claim for repayment. For some countries these claims include credit to public enterprises. (International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development)
228
2010
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Ease of doing business index ranks economies from 1 to 183, with 1 being the best. A high ranking means that a country’s regulatory environment is conducive to business operation. The index ranks the simple average of a country’s percentile rankings on 10 topics covered in Doing Business 2010. The ranking on each topic is the simple average of the percentile rankings on its component indicators. Data listed for 2008 are for June 2009. (World Bank) Electric power consumption is the production of power plants and combined heat and power plants minus transmission, distribution, and transformation losses and own use by heat and power plants. (International Energy Agency) Exchange rate is the exchange rate determined by national authorities or the rate determined in the legally sanctioned exchange market. It is calculated in local currency units relative to the U.S. dollar as an annual average based on monthly averages. (International Monetary Fund) Exports of goods and services are the value of all goods and other market services provided to the rest of the world. They include the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude compensation of employees and investment income (formerly called factor services) as well as transfer payments. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Firing cost is the cost of advance notice requirements, severance payments, and penalties due when terminating a redundant worker, expressed in weekly wages. One month is recorded as 4 1/3 weeks. Data listed for 2008 are for June 2009. (World Bank) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials are the percentage of firms that report that a gift or informal payment is expected or requested during a meeting with tax officials. (World Bank) Firms using banks to finance investments are the percentage of firms using banks to finance purchases of fixed assets. (World Bank) GDP growth is the annual percentage growth rate of gross domestic product (GDP) at market prices based on constant local currency. Aggregates are based on constant 2000 U.S. dollars. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated
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2010
229
Glossary without deducting for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method, is gross national income (GNI) converted to U.S. dollars using the World Bank Atlas method, divided by the midyear population. GNI is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes minus any subsidies not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. GNI, calculated in national currency, is usually converted to U.S. dollars at official exchange rates for comparisons across economies. To smooth fluctuations in prices and exchange rates, the World Bank Atlas method is used; it averages the exchange rate for a given year and the two preceding years, adjusted for differences in rates of inflation between the country and the Euro area, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. (World Bank) Government cash surplus or deficit is revenue (including grants) minus expense and net acquisition of nonfinancial assets. (International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Government debt is the entire stock of direct government fixed-term contractual obligations to others outstanding on a particular date. It includes domestic and foreign liabilities such as loans, currency and money deposits, and securities other than shares. It is the gross amount of government liabilities reduced by the amount of equity and financial derivatives held by the government. Because debt is a stock rather than a flow, it is measured as of a given date, usually the last day of the fiscal year. (International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Gross fixed capital formation includes land improvements (fences, ditches, drains, and so on); plant, machinery, and equipment purchases; and the construction of roads, railways, and the like, including schools, offices, hospitals, private residential dwellings, and commercial and industrial buildings. According to the 1993 System of National Accounts, net acquisition of valuables is also considered capital formation. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Gross fixed private capital formation is gross outlays by the private sector (including private nonprofit organizations) on additions to its fixed domestic assets. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development)
230
2010
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Highest marginal tax rate, corporate, is the highest rate shown on the national-level schedule of tax rates applied to the annual taxable income of corporations. (KPMG and PricewaterhouseCoopers) Imports of goods and services are the value of all goods and other market services received from the rest of the world. They include the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude compensation of employees and investment income (formerly called factor services) as well as transfer payments. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Industry value added is the net output of industry (International Standard Industrial Classification divisions 10–45, including mining, manufacturing, construction, electricity, water, and gas) after totaling outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Inflation is the annual percentage change in the cost to the average consumer of acquiring a basket of goods and services that may be fixed or changed at specified intervals, such as yearly. The Laspeyres formula is generally used. (International Monetary Fund) Interest rate spread is the interest rate charged by banks on loans to prime customers minus the interest rate paid by commercial or similar banks for demand, time, or savings deposits. (International Monetary Fund) Internet users are people with access to the worldwide network. (International Telecommunication Union) Investment in infrastructure with private participation is the value of infrastructure projects in telecommunications, energy (electricity and natural gas transmission and distribution), transport, and water and sanitation that have reached financial closure and directly or indirectly serve the public, including operation and management contracts with major capital expenditure, greenfield projects (in which a private entity or public-private joint venture builds and operates a new facility), and divestitures. Incinerators, movable assets, standalone solid waste projects, and small projects such as windmills are excluded. (World Bank) ISO certification ownership is the percentage of firms that have earned a quality certification recognized by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). (World Bank)
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2010
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Glossary Labor force is all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period, according to the International Labour Organization definition of the economically active population. It includes both the employed and the unemployed. While national practices vary in the treatment of such groups as the armed forces and seasonal or parttime workers, in general the labor force includes the armed forces, the unemployed, and first-time job-seekers and excludes homemakers and other unpaid caregivers and workers in the informal sector. (International Labour Organization and World Bank) Manufacturing value added is the net output of industries belonging to International Standard Industrial Classification divisions 15–37 after totaling outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Mobile cellular subscriptions are the number of subscriptions—including postpaid and prepaid subscriptions—to a public mobile telephone service using cellular technology that provides access to the public switched telephone network. It is calculated per 100 people. (International Telecommunication Union) New business density is the number of newly registered corporations divided by the total working-age population. Paved roads are roads surfaced with concrete, cobblestones, or crushed stone (macadam) and hydrocarbon binder or bituminized agents. (International Road Federation) Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship—except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part of the population of their country of origin. Data are midyear estimates. (World Bank) Power outages in a typical month are the average number of power outages that establishments experience in a typical month. (World Bank) Private foreign direct investment, net, is net inflows of private investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other long-term capital, and short-term capital, as shown in the balance of payments. (International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development)
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2010
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Procedures to start a business are the number of procedures required to start a business, including interactions to obtain necessary permits and licenses and to complete all inscriptions, verifications, and notifications to start operations. Data are for businesses with specific characteristics of ownership, size, and type of production. Data listed for 2008 are for June 2009. (World Bank) Real interest rate is the lending interest rate adjusted for inflation as measured by the GDP deflator. (International Monetary Fund and World Bank) Services value added is the net output of services (International Standard Industrial Classification divisions 50–99) after totaling outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Time dealing with government officials is the percentage of management time in a given week spent on requirements imposed by government regulations (taxes, customs, labor regulations, licensing, and registration). (World Bank) Time to start a business is the number of calendar days needed to complete the required procedures for legally operating a business. If a procedure can be expedited at additional cost, the fastest procedure, independent of cost, is chosen. Data listed for 2008 are for June 2009. (World Bank) Total financial system deposits are the demand, time, and saving deposits in deposit money banks and other financial institutions. (International Monetary Fund) Total tax rate is the total amount of taxes payable by a business (except for labor taxes) after accounting for deductions and exemptions as a percentage of profit. For further details on the method used for assessing the total tax payable, see the World Bank’s Doing Business 2010. Data listed for 2008 are for June 2009. (World Bank) Unemployment rate is the share of the labor force without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country. (International Labour Organization)
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AFGHANISTAN ALBANIA ALGERIA AMERICAN SAMOA ANDORRA ANGOLA ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA ARGENTINA ARMENIA ARUBA AUSTRALIA AUSTRIA AZERBAIJAN THE BAHAMAS BAHRAIN BANGLADESH BARBADOS BELARUS BELGIUM BELIZE BENIN BERMUDA BHUTAN BOLIVIA BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA BOTSWANA BRAZIL BRUNEI DARUSSALAM BULGARIA BURKINA FASO BURUNDI CAMBODIA CAMEROON CANADA CAPE VERDE CAYMAN ISLANDS CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC CHAD CHANNEL ISLANDS CHILE CHINA COLOMBIA COMOROS DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO REPUBLIC OF CONGO COSTA RICA CÔTE D’IVOIRE CROATIA CUBA CYPRUS CZECH REPUBLIC DENMARK DJIBOUTI DOMINICA DOMINICAN REPUBLIC ECUADOR ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT EL SALVADOR EQUATORIAL GUINEA ERITREA ESTONIA ETHIOPIA FAEROE ISLANDS FIJI FINLAND FRANCE FRENCH POLYNESIA GABON THE GAMBIA GEORGIA GERMANY GHANA GREECE GREENLAND GRENADA GUAM GUATEMALA GUINEA GUINEA-BISSAU GUYANA HAITI HONDURAS HONG KONG SAR, CHINA HUNGARY ICELAND INDIA INDONESIA ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN IRAQ IRELAND ISLE OF MAN ISRAEL ITALY JAMAICA JAPAN JORDAN KAZAKHSTAN KENYA KIRIBATI DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF KOREA REPUBLIC OF KOREA KOSOVO KUWAIT KYRGYZ REPUBLIC LAO PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC LATVIA LEBANON LESOTHO LIBERIA LIBYA LIECHTENSTEIN LITHUANIA LUXEMBOURG MACAO SAR, CHINA FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA MADAGASCAR MALAWI MALAYSIA MALDIVES MALI MALTA MARSHALL ISLANDS MAURITANIA MAURITIUS MAYOTTE MEXICO FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA MOLDOVA MONACO MONGOLIA MONTENEGRO MOROCCO MOZAMBIQUE MYANMAR NAMIBIA NEPAL NETHERLANDS NETHERLANDS ANTILLES NEW CALEDONIA NEW ZEALAND NICARAGUA NIGER NIGERIA NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS NORWAY OMAN PAKISTAN PALAU PANAMA PAPUA NEW GUINEA PARAGUAY PERU PHILIPPINES POLAND PORTUGAL PUERTO RICO QATAR ROMANIA RUSSIAN FEDERATION RWANDA SAMOA SAN MARINO SÃO TOMÉ AND PRÍNCIPE SAUDI ARABIA SENEGAL SERBIA SEYCHELLES SIERRA LEONE SINGAPORE SLOVAK REPUBLIC SLOVENIA SOLOMON ISLANDS SOMALIA SOUTH AFRICA SPAIN SRI LANKA ST. KITTS AND NEVIS ST. LUCIA ST. VINCENT & GRENADINES SUDAN SURINAME SWAZILAND SWEDEN SWITZERLAND SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC TAJIKISTAN TANZANIA THAILAND TIMOR-LESTE TOGO TONGA TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO TUNISIA TURKEY TURKMENISTAN UGANDA UKRAINE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES UNITED KINGDOM UNITED STATES URUGUAY UZBEKISTAN VANUATU REPÚBLICA BOLIVIARANA DE VENEZUELA VIETNAM U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS WEST BANK AND GAZA REPUBLIC OF YEMEN ZAMBIA ZIMBABWE
