The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 (World Development Indicators)

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From World Development Indicators

The Little Data Book on

Private Sector Development

Economic and social context Business environment Private sector investment Finance and banking Infrastructure

2009

THE LITTLE DATA BOOK ON PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT

Copyright ©2009 by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/THE WORLD BANK 1818 H Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20433 U.S.A. All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America First printing May 2009 ISBN: 978-0-8213-7854-0 E-ISBN: 978-0-8213-7856-4 DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-7854-0

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 is a product of the Development Data Group of the Development Economics Vice Presidency and the Investment Climate Department of the Financial and Private Sector Development Vice Presidency of the World Bank Group. Editing, design, and layout by Communications Development Incorporated, Washington, D.C. Cover design by Peter Grundy Art & Design, London, U.K.

Contents Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Data notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi

Regional tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 East Asia and Pacific. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Europe and Central Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Middle East and North Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 South Asia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Income group tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Low income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Middle income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Lower middle income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Upper middle income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Low and middle income. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Euro area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 High income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Country tables (in alphabetical order) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Glossary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

iii

Acknowledgments The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 is based on World Development Indicators 2009 and its accompanying CD-ROM, with a focus on the private sector in development. The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2009 is the result of close collaboration between the staff of the World Bank’s Development Data Group of the Development Economics Vice Presidency and the Investment Climate Department of the Financial and Private Sector Development Vice Presidency. The Development Data Group team included David Cieslikowski, Richard Fix, Buyant Erdene Khaltarkhuu, Raymond Muhula, Beatriz Prieto-Oramas, and William Prince. The Investment Climate Department’s project coordinator was Shokraneh Minovi. This effort benefited from input by Cécile Fruman and Andrei Mikhnev. The work was carried out under the management of Shaida Badiee, director of the Development Data Group, and Pierre Guislain, director of the Investment Climate Department. Meta de Coquereaumont, Christopher Trott, and Elaine Wilson of Communications Development Incorporated provided design, editing, and layout. Staff from External Affairs oversaw publication and dissemination of the book.

iv

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

Preface Publication of this edition of The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development coincides with the unfolding of the global financial crisis. There is strong evidence that crises can stimulate reform of the investment climate. A better investment climate makes economic adjustment easier and helps attract capital to create jobs and provide basic services. Well functioning finance markets and a robust private sector are critical in increasing productivity and growth and in spreading equality of opportunity. The availability of cross-country data on the business environment has expanded rapidly in recent years, including data from the World Bank’s Doing Business project and enterprise surveys. These data show the scope and types of regulations that enhance—and constrain—business activity while providing information on business owners’ assessments of the business environment. The data have led to new research, enabled benchmarking, and informed the reform process in many developing countries. Included in this guide are indicators on the economic and social context, the business environment, private sector investment, finance and banking, and infrastructure. Though a pocket guide cannot include all relevant variables, the indicators that are included provide users with a general understanding of the private sector in each country. Indicators displayed in the tables are defined in the Glossary, which also lists data sources. We welcome your suggestions for how to improve future editions and make them more useful.

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

v

Data notes The data in this book are for 2000 and 2007 or the most recent year unless otherwise noted in the table or the Glossary. •

Growth rates are proportional changes from the previous year unless otherwise noted.

•

Regional aggregates include data for low- and middle-income economies only.

•

Figures in italics indicate data for years or periods other than those specified.

Symbols used: ..

indicates that data are not available or that aggregates cannot be calculated because of missing data.

0 or 0.0

indicates zero or small enough that the number would round to zero at the displayed number of decimal places.

$

indicates current U.S. dollars.

Data are shown for economies with populations greater than 30,000 or for smaller economies if they are members of the World Bank. The term country (used interchangeably with economy) does not imply political independence or official recognition by the World Bank but refers to any economy for which the authorities report separate social or economic statistics.

vi

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The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

Regional tables The country composition of regions is based on the World Bank’s analytical regions and may differ from common geographic usage. East Asia and Pacific American Samoa, Cambodia, China, Fiji, Indonesia, Kiribati, Democratic Republic of Korea, Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Mongolia, Myanmar, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Vanuatu, Vietnam Europe and Central Asia Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Latvia, Lithuania, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan Latin America and the Caribbean Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Uruguay, Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela Middle East and North Africa Algeria, Djibouti, Arab Republic of Egypt, Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia, West Bank and Gaza, Republic of Yemen South Asia Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka Sub-Saharan Africa Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mayotte, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, São Tomé and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

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1

World 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

6,073.3 6,610.3 2,767.8 3,098.8 5.5 6.4 5,267 7,995 3.2 3.2 3.6 3.0 29.2 28.1 19.3 17.8 67.2 68.9

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

2

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2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

24.5 24.7

28.3 28.6

.. .. .. .. .. ..

.. 38 9 47.9 3.0 49.3

8.6 1.8

11.0 4.1

.. 4.8 21.7 ..

.. 4.0 21.7 ..

–0.1 .. 98.9 92.6 8.7 9.5 130.8

–0.8 .. 92.0 80.7 8.9 2.7 135.6

7.3

6.5

36.3 2,391

.. 2,751

12.2 6.7

51.2 21.8

East Asia & Pacific 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

1,804.1 1,912.4 995.6 1,081.5 3.6 4.5 908 2,182 6.0 9.0 14.6 11.8 44.3 46.8 30.7 32.1 41.0 41.4

35.9 31.6

47.9 39.4

.. .. .. .. .. ..

.. 44 9 38.2 3.1 39.9

8.2 1.1

8.5 1.2

18,217 2.6 30.6 11.2

23,142 4.1 35.9 8.5

–2.6 .. 104.6 45.8 .. .. 101.1

–1.1 .. 100.4 47.7 .. .. 97.5

6.9

5.9

34.3 880

.. 1,669

5.8 1.9

43.7 14.6

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

2009

3

Europe & Central Asia 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

444.2 196.6 10.6 2,037 2.7 9.5 33.9 19.5 56.5

445.6 207.2 7.8 6,052 6.1 6.8 33.6 18.8 59.6

35.4 32.3

34.3 35.6

.. .. .. .. .. ..

.. 23 8 25.5 3.2 48.5

8.0 1.3

11.1 2.9

21,987 2.2 20.0 16.9

42,359 5.0 23.0 18.9

1.4 .. 28.4 26.6 12.0 11.1 17.9

1.8 .. .. .. 13.0 3.1 39.5

13.5

6.3

74.3 3,290

.. 3,835

7.8 2.6

95.0 21.4

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

4

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The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

Latin America & Caribbean 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

512.0 223.8 9.0 3,788 3.0 5.9 29.6 18.2 64.5

560.6 262.2 8.8 5,801 3.6 6.2 32.9 18.2 60.9

20.3 21.4

24.0 23.0

.. .. .. .. .. ..

.. 70 10 56.7 3.2 48.6

7.2 1.3

6.6 2.1

39,831 3.9 18.7 ..

39,308 3.0 20.3 ..

–1.3 .. 42.7 31.0 9.6 7.5 27.8

.. .. 49.1 36.1 10.2 2.3 36.6

8.6

7.0

24.3 1,585

.. 1,808

12.1 3.8

67.0 26.9

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

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5

Middle East & North Africa 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

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The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

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276.3 85.7 14.2 1,640 4.5 12.6 43.3 12.6 44.1

313.2 106.2 12.1 2,820 4.4 11.3 40.1 12.3 48.6

26.8 25.6

36.1 34.1

.. .. .. .. .. ..

.. 27 9 50.6 3.5 42.2

12.9 0.4

10.1 0.5

4,086 1.2 21.9 13.9

11,908 3.7 24.3 15.8

–2.8 .. 46.9 44.7 .. .. 38.4

2.4 .. 46.9 53.1 .. .. 42.1

4.9

4.3

68.4 1,059

81.0 1,418

2.3 0.9

50.7 17.1

South Asia 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

1,358.1 1,522.0 519.0 607.9 4.4 5.3 444 880 5.4 7.3 23.9 18.4 25.8 29.0 15.4 16.7 50.3 52.6

14.2 15.9

20.6 24.7

.. .. .. .. .. ..

.. 33 7 66.0 5.0 40.4

3.7 0.1

2.7 0.2

3,050 0.7 22.2 15.8

28,961 2.1 31.5 23.8

–4.0 69.3 38.6 39.0 4.9 19.5 27.7

–1.8 53.7 57.7 54.3 6.5 8.4 44.7

6.9

6.7

30.8 359

56.9 453

0.3 0.5

22.8 6.6

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

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7

Sub-Saharan Africa 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

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672.8 261.4 .. 485 3.2 16.5 29.4 14.8 54.1

800.0 317.5 .. 951 5.1 15.3 32.0 14.5 52.9

32.5 30.8

34.5 36.9

.. .. .. .. .. ..

.. 46 10 66.8 3.4 66.9

6.6 0.1

6.6 0.5

3,450 2.0 16.3 11.8

11,000 3.4 20.9 16.2

.. .. 40.0 31.2 .. .. 61.5

.. .. 42.8 33.9 .. .. 70.4

12.6

10.0

11.9 488

.. 531

1.7 0.5

23.0 4.4

Income group tables For operational and analytical purposes the World Bank’s main criterion for classifying economies is gross national income (GNI) per capita. Every economy in The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development is classified as low income, middle income, or high income. Low- and middle-income economies are sometimes referred to as developing economies. The use of the term is convenient; it is not intended to imply that all economies in the group are experiencing similar development or that other economies have reached a preferred or final stage of development. Classification by income does not necessarily reflect development status. Low-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of $935 or less in 2007. Middle-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of more than $935 but less than $11,456. Lower-middle-income and upper-middle-income economies are separated at a GNI per capita of $3,705. High-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of $11,456 or more. Euro area includes the member states of the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union that have adopted the euro as their currency: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, and Spain.

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Low income 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

1,108.5 1,295.8 443.2 542.8 .. .. 320 574 3.8 5.6 30.4 25.0 24.1 29.6 12.9 15.6 45.4 45.5

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

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28.0 30.1

32.0 38.3

.. .. .. .. .. ..

.. 49 10 63.7 3.6 68.4

7.0 0.1

18.2 0.4

1,828 1.7 19.6 11.8

17,365 4.2 23.7 14.4

.. .. 24.7 20.4 .. .. 19.6

.. .. 32.6 24.3 .. .. 31.2

12.6

10.3

12.1 246

.. 309

0.3 0.2

21.5 5.2

Middle income 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

3,959.2 4,258.2 1,838.7 2,039.7 5.5 6.4 1,392 2,910 4.1 6.2 10.8 9.2 35.6 37.4 21.5 18.6 53.7 53.4

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

27.3 25.8

33.3 30.7

.. .. .. .. .. ..

.. 42 9 45.9 3.2 44.1

8.1 1.2

9.7 2.5

88,794 139,315 2.8 3.7 22.9 26.8 14.5 15.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

2007

.. .. 61.7 37.7 9.6 11.0 51.7

–1.5 .. 69.0 44.1 9.6 3.0 60.4

8.2

6.6

43.2 1,176

.. 1,651

5.6 1.9

47.6 15.2

2009

11

Lower middle income 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

3,177.8 3,434.5 1,497.4 1,661.6 4.7 5.7 851 1,905 5.4 8.0 15.9 12.6 39.6 41.3 23.7 24.9 44.5 46.1

26.9 25.5

37.0 33.1

.. .. .. .. .. ..

.. 35 9 52.0 3.5 42.9

8.2 0.6

8.6 1.0

23,876 2.1 27.2 13.1

67,651 3.5 33.2 13.6

–3.1 .. 77.0 40.6 9.2 12.9 69.5

–1.1 .. 81.4 46.4 9.5 3.9 74.7

8.2

7.3

43.2 770

.. 1,269

3.7 1.2

38.9 12.4

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

12

2009

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

Upper middle income 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

781.3 341.3 10.1 3,593 3.0 5.8 31.7 19.2 62.6

823.7 378.1 8.7 7,107 4.3 5.8 33.4 18.8 60.8

27.6 26.1

29.7 28.5

.. .. .. .. .. ..

.. 53 9 37.1 2.9 45.8

8.0 2.0

10.8 3.9

64,918 3.4 18.9 ..

71,663 3.9 21.0 17.3

.. .. 45.6 34.7 9.6 8.1 34.9

.. .. 53.0 41.3 9.9 2.5 45.5

8.0

6.4

41.8 2,833

.. 3,242

13.0 4.6

84.1 26.6

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

2009

13

Low and middle income 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

5,067.6 5,554.0 2,281.9 2,582.5 5.4 6.4 1,157 2,366 4.1 6.2 11.8 10.1 34.9 36.9 21.0 18.4 53.2 53.0

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

2009

27.3 26.1

33.2 31.1

.. .. .. .. .. ..

.. 44 9 52.0 3.3 52.3

7.8 0.9

10.2 2.0

90,622 156,679 2.7 3.7 22.7 26.7 14.3 15.3

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

14

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

.. .. 59.7 36.8 .. 11.6 49.9

–1.5 .. 68.1 43.7 9.7 3.5 59.0

8.7

7.1

24.3 998

.. 1,380

4.4 1.6

41.8 13.1

Euro area 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

311.6 143.5 9.1 21,923 2.8 2.5 27.8 19.9 69.7

324.2 154.3 7.5 35,818 1.7 1.8 26.7 18.0 71.5

36.8 36.1

40.9 39.2

.. .. .. .. .. ..

.. 17 7 32.9 1.4 48.2

8.6 2.5

8.5 3.8

.. 10.2 21.4 ..

.. 6.3 21.3 ..

0.0 60.7 .. .. 6.3 2.8 97.9

–0.7 44.0 .. .. 6.4 1.9 121.6

4.4

3.3

95.4 6,371

100.0 6,956

60.4 22.8

116.5 59.2

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

2009

15

High income 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

1,005.7 1,056.3 485.9 516.3 6.0 5.5 25,978 37,572 3.0 2.4 1.9 1.4 28.0 26.2 18.9 16.9 70.2 72.4

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms) Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

16

2009

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

24.0 24.4

27.3 28.1

.. .. .. .. .. ..

.. 21 7 35.9 2.1 40.3

9.6 3.7

11.8 7.7

.. 5.3 21.4 ..

.. 4.1 20.8 ..

0.1 53.6 110.4 91.8 6.8 3.4 149.6

–1.0 44.0 99.4 .. 6.5 1.4 163.2

4.2

4.0

90.9 9,197

87.0 9,675

51.2 31.6

100.4 65.7

Country tables China Unless otherwise noted, data for China do not include data for Hong Kong, China; Macao, China; or Taiwan, China. Serbia and Montenegro Montenegro declared independence from Serbia and Montenegro on June 3, 2006. Where available, data for each country are shown separately. However, some indicators for Serbia prior to 2006 include data for Montenegro. Moreover, data for most indicators from 1999 onward for Serbia exclude data for Kosovo, which in 1999 became a territory under international administration pursuant to UN Security Council Resolution 1244 (1999).

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

17

Afghanistan South Asia

Low income Lowincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

.. .. .. .. .. 49.8 20.1 15.1 30.1 .. 61.6 32.9 66.2

.. .. .. .. 10.7 36.1 24.5 14.9 39.4 17.0 50.0 12.4 55.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

162 9 4 0.0 .. 36.4 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

70 .. 28.3 1.2

240 2.9 24.3 8.1

17,365 4.2 23.7 14.4

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

–1.7 9.3 .. .. .. .. 4.0 7.5 ..

.. .. 32.6 24.3 .. .. 31.2

13.3 .. .. .. ..

29.3 .. .. .. ..

12.1 309

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

18

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,296 543 .. 574 5.6 25.0 29.6 15.6 45.5

32.0 38.3

49 10 63.7 3.6 68.4 18.2 0.4

10.3

21.5 5.2

Albania Europe & Central Asia

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

3.1 1.3 22.7 1,170 5.2 29.1 19.0 11.4 51.9 0.1 143.7 19.1 37.5

3.2 1.4 .. 3,300 5.3 21.4 20.0 20.0 58.6 2.9 90.4 27.8 54.3

Lower middleincome group 2007 3,435 1,662 5.7 1,905 8.0 12.6 41.3 24.9 46.1

37.0 33.1

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 9.1 0.5

86 8 6 56.0 .. 50.5 20 13.5 0.9

11.3 78.5 8.8 26.1 12.7

18.7 22.4 12.4 41.7 24.6

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

102 3.9 24.7 18.1

236 4.4 29.9 24.1

67,651 3.5 33.2 13.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–6.7 51.9 32.4 40.9 .. .. 4.7 17.0 13.8

–3.0 .. 43.4 51.6 5.8 3.4 29.6 10.6 8.4

–1.1 .. 81.4 46.4 9.5 3.9 74.7

39.0 1,213 .. 1.0 0.1

.. 961 37.8 72.3 14.9

39.0 1,269

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

35 9 52.0 3.5 42.9 8.6 1.0

7.3

38.9 12.4

19

Algeria Middle East & North Africa

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

30.5 11.1 29.8 1,610 3.2 8.9 58.6 7.5 32.5 0.3 75.3 41.2 21.4

33.9 13.9 12.3 3,620 4.5 8.2 61.1 5.0 30.7 3.5 69.3 46.8 23.4

Lower middleincome group 2007 3,435 1,662 5.7 1,905 8.0 12.6 41.3 24.9 46.1

37.0 33.1

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

132 24 14 17.0 2.5 74.2 .. 10.1 0.5

.. .. 16.9 124.9 ..

25.1 15.0 8.9 49.1 5.0

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

472 0.8 20.7 12.9

952 1.2 25.5 13.0

67,651 3.5 33.2 13.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

9.7 62.1 33.1 24.0 .. .. 6.0 –11.7 2.5

6.1 .. 32.7 41.1 .. .. 13.3 0.5 6.3

–1.1 .. 81.4 46.4 9.5 3.9 74.7

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

68.9 695 .. 0.3 0.5

70.2 870 5.1 81.4 10.3

39.0 1,269

20

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

35 9 52.0 3.5 42.9 8.6 1.0

7.3

38.9 12.4

American Samoa East Asia & Pacific

Upper middle income Upper middleincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

0.06 .. 5.1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

0.07 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

71,663 3.9 21.0 17.3

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. 53.0 41.3 9.9 2.5 45.5

.. .. .. 3.5 ..

.. .. .. 3.6 ..

41.8 3,242

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

824 378 8.7 7,107 4.3 5.8 33.4 18.8 60.8

29.7 28.5

53 9 37.1 2.9 45.8 10.8 3.9

6.4

84.1 26.6

21

Andorra High income Highincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

0.08 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. 4.1 20.8 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

–1.0 44.0 99.4 .. 6.5 1.4 163.2

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. 83.3 71.8

87.0 9,675

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

22

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,056 516 5.5 37,572 2.4 1.4 26.2 16.9 72.4

27.3 28.1

21 7 35.9 2.1 40.3 11.8 7.7

4.0

100.4 65.7

Angola Sub-Saharan Africa

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

Lower middleincome group 2007

13.9 6.0 .. 420 6.3 5.7 72.1 2.9 22.2 325.0 10.0 89.6 62.8

16.9 7.5 .. 2,540 12.9 9.4 69.9 5.0 20.8 12.2 76.7 71.3 39.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

168 68 8 58.0 6.2 53.2 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

7.1 14.8 2.1 60.2 5.1

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

68 9.6 15.1 8.9

251 –1.5 13.9 2.2

67,651 3.5 33.2 13.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 1.3 8.3 10.6 10.4 2.0 –60.8 63.6

.. .. 7.7 10.5 11.3 13.3 10.2 9.9 10.9

–1.1 .. 81.4 46.4 9.5 3.9 74.7

10.4 89 .. 0.2 0.1

.. 153 7.8 29.3 2.9

39.0 1,269

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

3,435 1,662 5.7 1,905 8.0 12.6 41.3 24.9 46.1

37.0 33.1

35 9 52.0 3.5 42.9 8.6 1.0

7.3

38.9 12.4

23

Antigua and Barbuda High income Highincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

0.08 .. 8.4 8,100 4.6 3.9 19.8 2.3 76.3 .. 2.7 70.2 74.9

0.08 .. .. 11,650 5.4 3.3 26.9 1.9 69.8 .. 2.7 59.2 82.3

.. .. .. .. .. .. 40 .. ..

42 21 8 52.0 3.0 46.8 30 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. 6.5 48.0 23.5

.. 38.2 73.6 ..

.. 4.1 20.8 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. 72.8 13.5 7.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. 75.7 12.6 6.9

–1.0 44.0 99.4 .. 6.5 1.4 163.2

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

33.0 .. .. 28.7 6.5

.. .. .. 132.5 70.7

87.0 9,675

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

24

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,056 516 5.5 37,572 2.4 1.4 26.2 16.9 72.4

27.3 28.1

21 7 35.9 2.1 40.3 11.8 7.7

4.0

100.4 65.7

Argentina Latin America & Caribbean

Upper middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

Upper middleincome group 2007

36.9 16.0 15.0 7,470 2.7 5.0 27.6 17.5 67.4 –0.9 1.0 10.9 11.5

39.5 18.3 9.5 6,040 4.7 9.4 33.7 21.3 56.9 8.8 3.1 24.6 20.3

.. .. .. .. .. .. 35 7.2 0.6

113 32 15 95.0 2.8 108.1 35 7.5 0.6

.. .. .. .. ..

14.1 4.3 6.9 46.2 26.9

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

4,863 3.7 16.2 15.2

2,233 2.5 24.2 20.9

71,663 3.9 21.0 17.3

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–5.7 .. 33.7 27.2 .. 16.0 23.9 9.9 2.7

–0.5 .. 22.6 20.3 13.1 2.7 14.5 –2.7 3.1

.. .. 53.0 41.3 9.9 2.5 45.5

29.4 2,087 .. 17.6 7.0

30.0 2,620 1.3 102.3 25.9

41.8 3,242

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

824 378 8.7 7,107 4.3 5.8 33.4 18.8 60.8

29.7 28.5

53 9 37.1 2.9 45.8 10.8 3.9

6.4

84.1 26.6

25

Armenia Europe & Central Asia

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

3.1 1.4 11.7 660 5.1 25.5 35.4 24.1 39.0 –0.8 539.5 23.4 50.5

3.0 1.5 9.6 2,630 12.7 20.1 44.1 16.7 35.8 4.4 342.1 19.2 39.2

Lower middleincome group 2007 3,435 1,662 5.7 1,905 8.0 12.6 41.3 24.9 46.1

37.0 33.1

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4.9 1.2

44 18 9 13.0 1.9 36.6 .. 6.8 1.9

1.9 27.2 4.7 5.0 10.6

3.0 67.8 35.0 3.0 5.7

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

33 5.5 18.4 15.9

124 7.6 36.4 30.2

67,651 3.5 33.2 13.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 10.5 7.6 14.3 17.5 9.9 33.4 13.5

–0.6 .. 11.9 10.0 22.5 2.4 13.6 12.8 11.3

–1.1 .. 81.4 46.4 9.5 3.9 74.7

96.8 1,292 .. 0.6 1.3

89.0 1,612 .. 62.4 5.7

39.0 1,269

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

26

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

35 9 52.0 3.5 42.9 8.6 1.0

7.3

38.9 12.4

Aruba High income Highincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

.. .. 7.5 .. 4.4 .. .. .. .. 4.0 1.8 69.9 91.2

0.10 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5.8 1.8 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. –6.5 .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. 4.1 20.8 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 44.5 47.3 .. .. 45.2 7.7 5.9

.. .. 57.3 53.5 .. .. 57.0 9.8 7.0

–1.0 44.0 99.4 .. 6.5 1.4 163.2

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. 144.5 23.8

87.0 9,675

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

1,056 516 5.5 37,572 2.4 1.4 26.2 16.9 72.4

27.3 28.1

21 7 35.9 2.1 40.3 11.8 7.7

4.0

100.4 65.7

27

Australia High income Highincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

19.2 9.6 6.3 20,710 4.4 3.5 26.9 13.2 69.6 4.5 1.7 19.9 21.9

21.0 10.9 4.4 35,760 3.2 2.4 29.0 10.7 68.6 2.3 1.2 20.6 21.8

.. .. .. .. .. .. 34 .. ..

9 2 2 4.0 1.0 50.3 30 14.0 6.5

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. 3.4 24.8 ..

.. 4.8 27.1 ..

.. 4.1 20.8 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

2.1 30.3 .. .. 6.9 0.5 89.9 7.1 5.1

1.7 21.0 .. .. 4.6 0.2 127.5 5.1 5.4

–1.0 44.0 99.4 .. 6.5 1.4 163.2

38.7 10,055 .. 44.7 46.8

.. 11,332 .. 101.2 68.1

87.0 9,675

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

28

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,056 516 5.5 37,572 2.4 1.4 26.2 16.9 72.4

27.3 28.1

21 7 35.9 2.1 40.3 11.8 7.7

4.0

100.4 65.7

Austria High income Highincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

8.0 3.9 3.5 26,010 2.9 2.1 30.9 20.3 67.0 2.4 1.1 45.4 44.1

8.3 4.2 4.4 41,960 2.0 1.9 31.2 19.9 66.9 2.2 0.7 58.9 51.6

.. .. .. .. .. .. 34 5.2 0.6

27 28 8 2.0 1.1 54.5 25 4.6 0.6

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. 4.4 22.8 ..

.. 8.2 20.8 ..

.. 4.1 20.8 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–2.0 65.0 .. .. 5.2 2.4 101.7 5.0 3.4

–0.9 59.2 .. .. 6.5 2.1 114.2 .. ..

–1.0 44.0 99.4 .. 6.5 1.4 163.2

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

100.0 7,110 .. 76.4 33.7

100.0 8,090 .. 119.2 67.4

87.0 9,675

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

1,056 516 5.5 37,572 2.4 1.4 26.2 16.9 72.4

27.3 28.1

21 7 35.9 2.1 40.3 11.8 7.7

4.0

100.4 65.7

29

Azerbaijan Europe & Central Asia

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

8.0 3.6 16.3 610 7.3 17.1 45.3 5.6 37.5 1.9 0.9 39.0 38.4

8.6 4.3 .. 2,640 17.6 6.3 72.8 5.5 21.0 16.7 0.9 72.1 30.2

Lower middleincome group 2007 3,435 1,662 5.7 1,905 8.0 12.6 41.3 24.9 46.1

37.0 33.1

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

.. .. .. .. .. .. 27 6.8 0.7

33 16 6 22.0 2.7 41.1 22 7.1 0.9

2.1 53.2 2.9 18.0 12.4

5.2 66.7 0.6 2.0 10.3

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

61 2.5 23.1 20.1

188 –15.2 21.2 11.0

67,651 3.5 33.2 13.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–4.7 .. 10.3 7.5 .. 28.0 5.9 6.4 6.8

.. .. 14.3 10.2 14.2 7.2 15.3 4.1 7.6

–1.1 .. 81.4 46.4 9.5 3.9 74.7

92.3 2,040 .. 5.2 0.1

49.4 2,514 .. 52.8 10.8

39.0 1,269

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

30

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

35 9 52.0 3.5 42.9 8.6 1.0

7.3

38.9 12.4

Bahamas, The High income Highincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

0.30 0.15 6.9 15,300 4.7 2.8 19.7 4.6 77.5 1.6 1.0 47.2 63.4

0.33 0.18 7.9 17,160 2.0 3.2 18.4 4.8 78.4 2.5 1.0 43.7 58.2

.. .. .. .. .. .. 0 .. ..

55 31 7 26.0 5.0 47.0 0 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. 5.0 34.6 ..

.. 10.9 29.8 ..

.. 4.1 20.8 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

0.4 30.3 68.2 58.5 .. .. 72.3 1.5 1.9

–1.8 .. 90.2 71.2 .. .. 94.6 2.9 1.8

–1.0 44.0 99.4 .. 6.5 1.4 163.2

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

57.4 .. .. 10.4 4.3

.. .. .. 112.9 36.2

87.0 9,675

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

1,056 516 5.5 37,572 2.4 1.4 26.2 16.9 72.4

27.3 28.1

21 7 35.9 2.1 40.3 11.8 7.7

4.0

100.4 65.7

31

Bahrain High income Highincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

0.65 0.31 5.5 10,740 4.3 .. .. .. .. –0.7 0.4 89.4 64.4

0.75 0.36 .. 17,390 6.1 .. .. .. .. –5.5 0.4 99.0 73.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. 0 .. ..

18 9 7 4.0 2.5 15.0 46 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. 4.6 13.5 ..

.. 18.4 24.8 ..

.. 4.1 20.8 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

8.5 29.3 55.6 63.6 .. .. 54.8 –2.3 5.9

3.7 28.7 .. .. .. .. 78.4 –2.9 3.9

–1.0 44.0 99.4 .. 6.5 1.4 163.2

77.6 8,830 .. 31.6 6.2

79.1 12,628 .. 148.2 33.2

87.0 9,675

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

32

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,056 516 5.5 37,572 2.4 1.4 26.2 16.9 72.4

27.3 28.1

21 7 35.9 2.1 40.3 11.8 7.7

4.0

100.4 65.7

Bangladesh South Asia

Low income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

139.4 62.3 3.3 360 5.2 25.5 25.3 15.2 49.2 2.2 52.1 14.0 19.2

158.6 74.3 4.3 470 5.7 19.2 28.4 17.8 52.4 9.1 68.9 19.8 26.7

Lowincome group 2007 1,296 543 .. 574 5.6 25.0 29.6 15.6 45.5

32.0 38.3

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5.7 0.0

110 73 7 104.0 4.0 39.5 .. 7.9 0.1

3.7 85.8 50.5 79.6 ..

3.2 54.4 24.7 50.3 7.8

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

93 0.6 23.0 15.6

1,349 1.0 24.5 19.0

17,365 4.2 23.7 14.4

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–0.7 36.2 30.0 27.2 3.5 34.9 24.7 13.4 6.9

–1.3 36.2 51.8 49.6 6.5 14.0 37.3 8.6 6.8

.. .. 32.6 24.3 .. .. 31.2

9.5 96 .. 0.2 0.1

9.5 146 101.6 21.7 0.3

12.1 309

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

49 10 63.7 3.6 68.4 18.2 0.4

10.3

21.5 5.2

33

Barbados High income Highincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

0.29 0.16 9.3 8,480 3.7 4.3 16.3 6.4 79.4 2.4 2.0 50.5 57.0

0.29 0.17 9.8 .. .. 3.7 18.0 7.1 78.3 4.0 2.0 54.3 63.5

.. .. .. .. .. .. 40 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. 36 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

38 0.8 18.4 16.2

13 2.0 24.4 23.5

.. 4.1 20.8 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 74.3 67.6 .. .. 65.5 9.4 5.2

3.7 .. 86.1 88.8 .. .. 73.6 .. 5.7

–1.0 44.0 99.4 .. 6.5 1.4 163.2

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

98.6 .. .. 9.9 3.5

100.0 .. .. 80.9 54.8

87.0 9,675

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

34

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,056 516 5.5 37,572 2.4 1.4 26.2 16.9 72.4

27.3 28.1

21 7 35.9 2.1 40.3 11.8 7.7

4.0

100.4 65.7

Belarus Europe & Central Asia

Upper middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

10.0 9.7 4.8 4.9 .. .. 1,380 4,220 6.7 8.3 14.2 9.4 39.2 42.3 31.6 32.2 46.7 48.4 168.6 8.4 876.8 2,146.1 69.2 61.7 72.4 67.8

Upper middleincome group 2007 824 378 8.7 7,107 4.3 5.8 33.4 18.8 60.8

29.7 28.5

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

85 31 8 22.0 5.8 117.5 .. .. ..

5.9 33.2 4.8 13.7 12.4

13.6 6.4 35.8 15.2 13.9

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

39 0.9 25.2 22.7

661 4.0 30.8 24.9

71,663 3.9 21.0 17.3

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

0.1 15.0 11.3 9.3 15.1 10.8 8.9 –41.2 30.1

0.4 9.0 29.5 17.7 15.9 0.7 25.1 –3.1 0.3

.. .. 53.0 41.3 9.9 2.5 45.5

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

95.6 2,989 .. 0.5 1.9

88.6 3,322 1.4 71.7 29.0

41.8 3,242

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

53 9 37.1 2.9 45.8 10.8 3.9

6.4

84.1 26.6

35

Belgium High income Highincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

10.3 4.4 6.6 25,360 2.7 1.4 27.0 19.3 71.6 2.5 1.1 84.6 81.7

10.6 4.7 7.6 41,110 2.0 0.9 24.1 16.9 75.1 1.8 0.7 89.4 86.5

.. .. .. .. .. .. 39 7.6 3.3

19 4 3 16.0 0.9 58.1 33 7.9 4.1

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. 92.7 20.8 ..

.. 15.9 21.4 ..

.. 4.1 20.8 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

0.1 106.5 .. .. 2.8 2.8 78.1 6.0 4.4

0.3 84.1 .. .. 4.3 1.2 92.3 6.8 5.2

–1.0 44.0 99.4 .. 6.5 1.4 163.2

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

78.2 8,247 .. 54.9 29.3

78.2 8,684 .. 101.1 65.9

87.0 9,675

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

36

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,056 516 5.5 37,572 2.4 1.4 26.2 16.9 72.4

27.3 28.1

21 7 35.9 2.1 40.3 11.8 7.7

4.0

100.4 65.7

Belize Latin America & Caribbean

Upper middle income Upper middleincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

0.25 0.09 9.1 3,090 5.6 17.0 21.1 10.9 61.8 0.6 2.0 53.0 73.3

0.30 0.12 12.2 3,760 5.0 12.3 21.5 13.1 66.2 2.3 2.0 59.9 61.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

78 44 9 24.0 1.0 28.2 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

18 2.8 28.7 11.6

24 8.8 19.3 ..

71,663 3.9 21.0 17.3

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–2.9 .. .. .. .. .. 52.8 14.6 8.3

.. .. .. .. .. .. 60.9 10.0 6.0

.. .. 53.0 41.3 9.9 2.5 45.5

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

17.0 .. .. 6.7 6.0

.. .. .. 38.9 10.5

41.8 3,242

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

824 378 8.7 7,107 4.3 5.8 33.4 18.8 60.8

29.7 28.5

53 9 37.1 2.9 45.8 10.8 3.9

6.4

84.1 26.6

37

Benin Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

Lowincome group 2007

7.2 2.9 0.7 340 5.3 36.5 13.9 8.8 49.6 4.2 712.0 15.2 28.1

9.0 3.7 .. 570 3.8 32.2 13.4 7.5 54.4 1.3 479.3 13.5 26.1

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

169 31 7 36.0 4.0 73.2 38 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

6.5 21.2 20.8 71.7 2.7

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

90 2.6 18.9 11.3

205 0.9 18.9 12.2

17,365 4.2 23.7 14.4

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

0.7 .. 12.2 14.2 .. .. 12.1 .. ..

0.3 .. 17.7 19.0 .. .. 20.0 .. ..

.. .. 32.6 24.3 .. .. 31.2

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

20.0 55 .. 0.8 0.2

9.5 69 .. 21.1 1.7

12.1 309

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

38

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,296 543 .. 574 5.6 25.0 29.6 15.6 45.5

32.0 38.3

49 10 63.7 3.6 68.4 18.2 0.4

10.3

21.5 5.2

Bermuda High income Highincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

0.06 .. 2.7 32,760 3.6 .. .. .. .. .. 1.0 .. ..

0.06 .. .. .. 4.2 .. .. .. .. .. 1.0 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. 0 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. 0 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. 4.1 20.8 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

–1.0 44.0 99.4 .. 6.5 1.4 163.2

.. .. .. 20.9 43.5

.. .. .. 94.2 75.0

87.0 9,675

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

1,056 516 5.5 37,572 2.4 1.4 26.2 16.9 72.4

27.3 28.1

21 7 35.9 2.1 40.3 11.8 7.7

4.0

100.4 65.7

39

Bhutan South Asia

Lower middle income Lower middleincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

0.56 0.18 .. 800 6.3 28.4 35.5 8.3 36.2 4.0 44.9 28.4 52.5

0.66 0.29 3.2 1,770 8.7 20.9 42.9 5.1 36.3 5.2 41.3 58.2 50.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

124 46 8 10.0 .. 39.8 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. 0.0 49.1 33.7

18 7.1 52.2 42.2

67,651 3.5 33.2 13.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–2.4 38.4 11.1 44.2 .. .. 8.7 13.4 7.8

2.0 74.1 15.7 39.7 .. .. 24.2 14.4 9.5

–1.1 .. 81.4 46.4 9.5 3.9 74.7

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

60.7 .. .. 0.0 0.4

62.0 .. .. 22.7 6.1

39.0 1,269

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

40

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

3,435 1,662 5.7 1,905 8.0 12.6 41.3 24.9 46.1

37.0 33.1

35 9 52.0 3.5 42.9 8.6 1.0

7.3

38.9 12.4

Bolivia Latin America & Caribbean

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

2007

8.3 3.6 4.8 1,000 3.5 15.0 29.8 15.3 55.2 4.6 6.2 18.3 27.3

Lower middleincome group 2007

9.5 4.4 .. 1,260 3.6 12.9 36.4 14.7 50.7 8.7 7.9 41.8 34.3

.. .. .. .. .. .. 25 9.1 0.4

150 50 15 ..a 1.8 78.1 25 6.6 0.3

3,435 1,662 5.7 1,905 8.0 12.6 41.3 24.9 46.1

37.0 33.1

35 9 52.0 3.5 42.9 8.6 1.0

.. .. .. .. ..

13.5 19.6 22.2 15.2 13.8

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

323 8.8 17.9 12.8

171 1.6 16.1 6.7

67,651 3.5 33.2 13.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–8.7 .. 61.8 45.9 9.8 10.3 58.7 27.9 23.6

1.2 .. 35.1 34.9 9.6 5.6 37.0 5.1 9.3

–1.1 .. 81.4 46.4 9.5 3.9 74.7

6.6 421 .. 7.0 1.4

7.0 485 1.0 34.2 10.5

39.0 1,269

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

7.3

38.9 12.4

a. Laws ban dismissing workers on economic grounds. The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

41

Bosnia and Herzegovina Europe & Central Asia

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

3.7 1.9 .. 1,500 25.2 11.0 23.9 10.5 65.1 .. 2.1 29.6 77.9

3.8 1.9 31.1 3,790 5.3 9.8 21.6 13.3 68.6 .. 1.4 39.1 73.7

Lower middleincome group 2007 3,435 1,662 5.7 1,905 8.0 12.6 41.3 24.9 46.1

37.0 33.1

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 7.5 0.9

119 60 12 31.0 3.3 44.1 30 1.3 0.1

7.7 60.5 14.3 6.6 11.8

4.3 69.7 17.5 7.3 14.5

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. 2.7 21.2 10.0

800 13.9 22.7 18.2

67,651 3.5 33.2 13.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. 20.1 9.9 38.5 4.5 15.8

1.0 .. .. .. 13.1 3.0 54.7 1.1 3.6

–1.1 .. 81.4 46.4 9.5 3.9 74.7

52.3 2,062 .. 2.5 1.1

52.3 2,385 .. 64.9 28.0

39.0 1,269

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

42

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

35 9 52.0 3.5 42.9 8.6 1.0

7.3

38.9 12.4

Botswana Sub-Saharan Africa

Upper middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

Upper middleincome group 2007

1.7 0.63 15.8 3,310 8.6 2.4 58.9 4.4 38.6 8.6 5.1 52.6 33.7

1.9 0.69 17.6 6,120 5.3 1.8 49.3 3.4 48.8 7.1 6.1 47.1 36.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. 15 .. 0.0

38 78 10 90.0 1.7 17.1 15 .. 0.0

.. .. .. .. ..

5.0 4.5 11.3 25.5 12.7

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

17 0.9 21.7 11.6

28 –0.2 24.4 16.7

71,663 3.9 21.0 17.3

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 15.8 23.9 10.3 1.7 13.8 3.1 6.1

.. .. 19.7 38.7 9.7 2.8 20.1 4.0 7.6

.. .. 53.0 41.3 9.9 2.5 45.5

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

35.3 921 .. 12.9 2.9

32.6 1,419 1.7 61.2 5.3

41.8 3,242

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

824 378 8.7 7,107 4.3 5.8 33.4 18.8 60.8

29.7 28.5

53 9 37.1 2.9 45.8 10.8 3.9

6.4

84.1 26.6

43

Brazil Latin America & Caribbean

Upper middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

Upper middleincome group 2007

174.2 82.7 9.3 3,870 1.7 5.6 27.7 17.2 66.7 7.0 1.8 10.0 11.7

191.6 97.7 8.9 5,860 3.3 5.5 28.7 17.8 65.8 3.6 1.9 13.9 12.3

.. .. .. .. .. .. 15 11.2 4.0

125 152 18 37.0 4.0 69.4 15 8.7 4.1

.. .. .. .. ..

7.2 9.9 22.9 23.9 19.1

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

21,075 5.1 16.8 ..

15,899 2.6 17.6 ..

71,663 3.9 21.0 17.3

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–0.8 .. 62.9 40.5 12.1 8.3 33.0 47.7 39.6

.. .. 76.5 55.1 9.9 3.0 49.8 38.1 33.1

.. .. 53.0 41.3 9.9 2.5 45.5

5.5 1,894 .. 13.3 2.9

.. 2,060 .. 63.1 35.2

41.8 3,242

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

44

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

824 378 8.7 7,107 4.3 5.8 33.4 18.8 60.8

29.7 28.5

53 9 37.1 2.9 45.8 10.8 3.9

6.4

84.1 26.6

Brunei Darussalam High income Highincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

0.33 0.15 .. 14,670 1.0 1.0 63.7 15.4 35.3 1.6 1.7 67.4 35.8

0.39 0.19 .. 26,740 2.1 0.7 71.0 10.4 28.3 0.1 1.5 67.7 27.8

.. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. ..

88 116 18 4.0 2.5 37.4 30 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. 1.3 13.0 ..

.. 0.8 13.0 ..

.. 4.1 20.8 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 73.4 105.4 .. .. 50.3 –18.2 ..

.. .. 60.2 82.5 .. .. 37.2 4.5 4.3

–1.0 44.0 99.4 .. 6.5 1.4 163.2

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

34.7 7,539 .. 28.5 9.0

77.2 8,174 .. 78.9 41.7

87.0 9,675

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

1,056 516 5.5 37,572 2.4 1.4 26.2 16.9 72.4

27.3 28.1

21 7 35.9 2.1 40.3 11.8 7.7

4.0

100.4 65.7

45

Bulgaria Europe & Central Asia

Upper middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

8.1 3.2 17.1 1,600 –0.4 14.2 30.7 18.1 55.1 10.3 2.1 55.7 61.1

7.7 3.4 8.9 4,580 5.7 6.2 32.3 16.6 61.5 8.4 1.4 63.4 85.5

Upper middleincome group 2007 824 378 8.7 7,107 4.3 5.8 33.4 18.8 60.8

29.7 28.5

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

.. .. .. .. .. .. 20 15.4 4.7

45 49 4 9.0 3.3 34.9 10 15.7 9.8

2.9 51.5 10.4 .. 13.3

17.4 6.2 40.5 85.6 22.3

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

157 7.9 15.7 11.6

1,001 22.7 29.8 23.4

71,663 3.9 21.0 17.3

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–0.4 .. 16.0 21.5 15.3 17.3 12.6 4.4 8.2

3.5 .. 58.4 53.6 7.7 2.1 66.8 2.0 6.3

.. .. 53.0 41.3 9.9 2.5 45.5

92.1 3,724 .. 9.2 5.3

98.4 4,311 4.3 129.2 30.9

41.8 3,242

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

46

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

53 9 37.1 2.9 45.8 10.8 3.9

6.4

84.1 26.6

Burkina Faso Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

Lowincome group 2007

11.9 5.2 2.4 240 6.8 29.0 24.4 16.2 46.6 –0.3 712.0 9.1 25.2

14.8 6.7 .. 430 5.8 33.3 22.4 13.6 44.4 –0.2 479.3 11.5 26.8

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.0

148 16 5 34.0 4.0 44.6 .. .. 0.1

.. .. .. .. ..

9.5 19.5 23.1 19.6 7.4

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

27 0.9 18.7 11.0

89 8.9 20.8 11.1

17,365 4.2 23.7 14.4

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 12.1 12.3 .. .. 11.7 .. ..

–6.1 .. 16.9 15.0 .. .. 16.8 .. ..

.. .. 32.6 24.3 .. .. 31.2

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

16.0 .. .. 0.2 0.1

4.2 .. 10.1 10.9 0.6

12.1 309

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

1,296 543 .. 574 5.6 25.0 29.6 15.6 45.5

32.0 38.3

49 10 63.7 3.6 68.4 18.2 0.4

10.3

21.5 5.2

47

Burundi Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

2007

6.7 8.5 3.2 4.2 .. .. 120 110 –0.7 2.7 40.4 34.8 18.8 20.0 8.7 8.8 40.8 45.1 24.3 8.3 720.7 1,081.9 7.8 10.9 19.9 47.8

Lowincome group 2007 1,296 543 .. 574 5.6 25.0 29.6 15.6 45.5

32.0 38.3

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

177 43 11 26.0 .. 278.7 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

5.7 22.6 12.3 24.1 7.1

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

36 1.6 6.1 0.8

6 0.1 16.7 1.7

17,365 4.2 23.7 14.4

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–2.4 162.6 19.2 13.3 .. .. 25.0 2.3 ..

.. .. 23.6 26.9 .. .. 23.6 6.7 ..

.. .. 32.6 24.3 .. .. 31.2

7.1 .. .. 0.2 0.1

10.4 .. 12.0 2.9 0.7

12.1 309

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

48

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

49 10 63.7 3.6 68.4 18.2 0.4

10.3

21.5 5.2

Cambodia East Asia & Pacific

Low income

Country data 2000

2007

Economic and social context 12.8 14.4 Population (millions) 5.9 7.5 Labor force (millions) 2.5 .. Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 300 550 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 7.3 9.8 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) 37.8 31.9 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 23.0 26.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 16.9 18.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 39.1 41.3 Services value added (% of GDP) –0.8 5.9 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3,840.8 4,056.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 49.8 65.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 61.8 72.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Lowincome group 2007 1,296 543 .. 574 5.6 25.0 29.6 15.6 45.5

32.0 38.3

.. .. .. .. .. .. 20 .. ..

135 85 9 39.0 .. 22.6 20 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

5.6 60.3 11.3 15.5 2.8

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

28 4.0 18.3 11.9

816 10.4 19.4 14.1

17,365 4.2 23.7 14.4

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–3.4 .. 5.9 8.1 .. .. 6.4 21.2 10.5

–1.7 .. 14.0 20.6 .. .. 18.2 11.2 14.6

.. .. 32.6 24.3 .. .. 31.2

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

16.2 29 .. 1.0 0.0

6.3 88 27.0 17.9 0.5

12.1 309

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

49 10 63.7 3.6 68.4 18.2 0.4

10.3

21.5 5.2

49

Cameroon Sub-Saharan Africa

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

Lower middleincome group 2007

15.9 5.9 7.5 620 4.8 22.1 36.0 20.8 41.8 1.2 712.0 23.3 19.7

18.5 7.0 .. 1,050 3.5 19.5 30.6 16.5 49.9 0.9 479.3 22.1 21.2

.. .. .. .. .. .. 39 .. ..

164 37 13 33.0 3.2 51.4 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

12.8 65.4 19.5 78.9 16.4

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

95 1.6 16.0 13.9

149 2.1 16.7 14.3

67,651 3.5 33.2 13.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

0.1 91.7 11.4 10.1 .. .. 8.2 18.6 17.0

.. .. 11.5 14.0 .. .. 9.2 12.7 10.8

–1.1 .. 81.4 46.4 9.5 3.9 74.7

8.1 171 .. 0.7 0.3

8.4 186 12.7 24.5 2.0

39.0 1,269

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

50

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

3,435 1,662 5.7 1,905 8.0 12.6 41.3 24.9 46.1

37.0 33.1

35 9 52.0 3.5 42.9 8.6 1.0

7.3

38.9 12.4

Canada High income Highincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

30.8 16.3 6.8 22,130 4.3 2.3 33.2 19.2 64.5 2.7 1.5 45.6 39.8

33.0 18.5 6.0 39,650 2.7 2.2 31.7 16.2 66.1 2.1 1.1 36.3 33.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. 38 6.9 4.6

8 5 1 28.0 0.8 45.4 38 8.3 9.1

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. 9.1 19.2 ..

.. 8.4 22.0 ..

.. 4.1 20.8 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

1.4 59.9 83.6 67.8 4.7 1.3 95.7 3.0 3.8

1.8 45.1 141.2 132.3 5.5 0.7 136.4 10.3 4.0

–1.0 44.0 99.4 .. 6.5 1.4 163.2

.. 16,986 .. 28.4 42.2

39.9 16,753 .. 61.5 72.8

87.0 9,675

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

1,056 516 5.5 37,572 2.4 1.4 26.2 16.9 72.4

27.3 28.1

21 7 35.9 2.1 40.3 11.8 7.7

4.0

100.4 65.7

51

Cape Verde Sub-Saharan Africa

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

Lower middleincome group 2007

0.45 0.15 .. 1,280 6.6 12.0 17.9 9.3 70.2 –2.5 119.7 27.5 61.4

0.53 0.20 .. 2,430 5.2 8.6 16.5 6.7 74.9 4.4 80.6 19.9 55.1

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

143 52 12 93.0 .. 54.0 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

12.2 10.4 26.3 7.8 12.2

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

48 6.3 19.7 7.2

.. 9.1 40.6 30.5

67,651 3.5 33.2 13.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 46.9 50.5 .. .. 40.7 13.3 7.6

–1.7 .. 57.1 65.0 .. .. 48.1 6.3 7.3

–1.1 .. 81.4 46.4 9.5 3.9 74.7

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

69.0 .. .. 4.4 1.8

.. .. 12.5 27.9 7.0

39.0 1,269

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

52

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

3,435 1,662 5.7 1,905 8.0 12.6 41.3 24.9 46.1

37.0 33.1

35 9 52.0 3.5 42.9 8.6 1.0

7.3

38.9 12.4

Cayman Islands High income Highincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

0.04 .. 7.5 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.8 .. ..

0.05 .. 3.8 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.8 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. 0 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. 0 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. 4.1 20.8 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

–1.0 44.0 99.4 .. 6.5 1.4 163.2

.. .. .. 26.6 ..

.. .. .. 84.0 41.1

87.0 9,675

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

1,056 516 5.5 37,572 2.4 1.4 26.2 16.9 72.4

27.3 28.1

21 7 35.9 2.1 40.3 11.8 7.7

4.0

100.4 65.7

53

Central African Republic Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income Lowincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

3.9 1.7 .. 270 3.0 53.1 15.8 7.0 31.0 3.2 712.0 19.8 24.1

4.3 1.9 .. 370 0.0 53.9 14.2 8.0 31.9 2.9 479.3 14.8 22.3

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

180 14 10 22.0 4.8 203.8 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. 0.1 9.5 4.8

12 1.6 8.9 6.2

17,365 4.2 23.7 14.4

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 7.6 3.9 .. .. 4.5 18.3 17.0

–0.5 .. 8.8 4.7 .. .. 6.7 12.8 10.8

.. .. 32.6 24.3 .. .. 31.2

2.7 .. .. 0.1 0.1

.. .. .. 3.0 0.3

12.1 309

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

54

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,296 543 .. 574 5.6 25.0 29.6 15.6 45.5

32.0 38.3

49 10 63.7 3.6 68.4 18.2 0.4

10.3

21.5 5.2

Chad Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income Lowincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

8.5 3.3 .. 180 3.1 42.3 11.3 8.9 46.3 3.8 712.0 16.9 34.7

10.8 4.3 .. 540 12.2 23.4 44.1 6.4 32.5 –9.0 479.3 49.1 33.9

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

175 75 19 36.0 .. 60.5 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

5 8.3 20.9 10.5

54 8.5 18.0 9.8

17,365 4.2 23.7 14.4

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 5.3 3.6 .. .. 3.5 15.9 17.0

.. .. 4.8 3.9 .. .. 2.9 12.3 10.8

.. .. 32.6 24.3 .. .. 31.2

0.8 .. .. 0.1 0.0

.. .. .. 8.5 0.6

12.1 309

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

1,296 543 .. 574 5.6 25.0 29.6 15.6 45.5

32.0 38.3

49 10 63.7 3.6 68.4 18.2 0.4

10.3

21.5 5.2

55

Channel Islands High income Highincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

0.15 .. .. 43,020 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

0.15 .. .. 68,640 0.5 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. 20 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. 20 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. 4.1 20.8 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

–1.0 44.0 99.4 .. 6.5 1.4 163.2

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

87.0 9,675

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

56

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,056 516 5.5 37,572 2.4 1.4 26.2 16.9 72.4

27.3 28.1

21 7 35.9 2.1 40.3 11.8 7.7

4.0

100.4 65.7

Chile Latin America & Caribbean

Upper middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

Upper middleincome group 2007

15.4 6.1 8.3 4,840 3.8 6.1 38.4 19.5 55.5 3.8 539.6 31.6 29.7

16.6 7.0 8.9 8,190 4.5 4.2 47.1 13.9 48.7 4.4 522.5 47.1 33.3

.. .. .. .. .. .. 15 12.3 2.3

40 27 9 52.0 4.5 25.9 35 11.2 2.3

.. .. .. .. ..

9.0 7.6 29.1 22.9 22.0

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

2,038 6.5 20.7 ..

1,959 8.8 20.6 17.5

71,663 3.9 21.0 17.3

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–0.7 .. 60.5 48.7 7.5 1.7 73.6 9.8 5.6

8.8 .. 67.0 48.9 6.7 0.8 88.5 3.6 3.1

.. .. 53.0 41.3 9.9 2.5 45.5

18.4 2,488 .. 22.1 16.5

.. 3,207 2.1 84.1 31.1

41.8 3,242

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

824 378 8.7 7,107 4.3 5.8 33.4 18.8 60.8

29.7 28.5

53 9 37.1 2.9 45.8 10.8 3.9

6.4

84.1 26.6

57

China East Asia & Pacific

Lower middle income

Country data 2000

2007

Economic and social context Population (millions) 1,262.6 1,318.3 Labor force (millions) 737.3 785.7 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.1 4.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 930 2,370 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) 8.5 10.3 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 15.1 11.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 45.9 48.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 32.1 33.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 39.0 40.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 0.3 4.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 8.3 7.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 23.3 41.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 20.9 32.3 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Lower middleincome group 2007 3,435 1,662 5.7 1,905 8.0 12.6 41.3 24.9 46.1

37.0 33.1

.. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. ..

83 40 14 91.0 1.7 79.9 30 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

18.3 38.7 9.8 27.8 35.9

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

8,131 3.2 34.1 10.5

7,456 4.3 40.9 6.6

67,651 3.5 33.2 13.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–2.6 11.6 114.2 36.0 4.1 22.4 112.3 3.7 3.6

–1.4 .. 112.8 43.2 5.5 6.7 111.0 0.0 3.3

–1.1 .. 81.4 46.4 9.5 3.9 74.7

86.7 993 .. 6.8 1.8

70.7 2,041 .. 41.5 16.1

39.0 1,269

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

58

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

35 9 52.0 3.5 42.9 8.6 1.0

7.3

38.9 12.4

Colombia Latin America & Caribbean

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

2007

39.8 44.0 19.2 22.1 20.5 10.9 2,280 4,100 0.6 4.9 10.4 8.9 29.8 35.5 15.4 17.6 59.9 55.6 9.2 5.4 2,087.9 2,078.3 17.4 16.9 18.9 21.0

Lower middleincome group 2007 3,435 1,662 5.7 1,905 8.0 12.6 41.3 24.9 46.1

37.0 33.1

.. .. .. .. .. .. 35 5.4 0.9

53 36 9 59.0 3.0 78.4 34 5.8 1.0

.. .. .. .. ..

14.3 1.1 30.6 27.2 5.9

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

1,032 2.5 13.2 9.8

2,791 4.4 .. 16.6

67,651 3.5 33.2 13.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–6.2 .. 33.3 27.1 11.2 11.0 23.8 –5.6 6.6

–1.8 49.1 43.9 20.1 11.4 3.2 32.7 10.1 7.4

–1.1 .. 81.4 46.4 9.5 3.9 74.7

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

14.4 878 .. 5.7 2.2

.. 968 1.0 77.2 27.5

39.0 1,269

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

35 9 52.0 3.5 42.9 8.6 1.0

7.3

38.9 12.4

59

Comoros Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income Lowincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

0.54 0.22 .. 400 1.7 48.6 11.5 4.5 39.9 .. 534.0 16.7 32.5

0.63 0.27 .. 680 2.1 47.0 12.3 4.4 38.0 .. 359.5 12.6 38.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

155 23 11 100.0 .. 48.8 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. 0.0 10.1 6.2

0.5 0.2 14.3 7.2

17,365 4.2 23.7 14.4

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. 11.9 7.9 9.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. 8.6 7.3 8.0

.. .. 32.6 24.3 .. .. 31.2

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

76.5 .. .. 0.0 0.3

.. .. .. 6.4 3.4

12.1 309

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

60

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,296 543 .. 574 5.6 25.0 29.6 15.6 45.5

32.0 38.3

49 10 63.7 3.6 68.4 18.2 0.4

10.3

21.5 5.2

Congo, Dem. Rep. Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

Lowincome group 2007

50.7 19.2 .. 80 –3.8 50.0 20.3 4.8 29.7 550.0 21.8 22.4 21.4

62.4 23.5 .. 140 5.0 42.5 28.4 6.4 29.1 16.9 516.7 28.1 39.2

.. .. .. .. .. .. 40 .. ..

181 155 13 31.0 5.2 229.8 40 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

6.3 64.4 3.3 20.5 4.3

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

41 3.9 3.5 3.0

320 8.0 20.2 11.1

17,365 4.2 23.7 14.4

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–4.0 152.2 0.6 1.7 .. .. 0.7 –57.0 ..

.. .. 1.7 3.1 .. .. 3.9 .. ..

.. .. 32.6 24.3 .. .. 31.2

.. 89 .. 0.0 0.0

1.8 96 17.8 10.6 0.4

12.1 309

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

1,296 543 .. 574 5.6 25.0 29.6 15.6 45.5

32.0 38.3

49 10 63.7 3.6 68.4 18.2 0.4

10.3

21.5 5.2

61

Congo, Rep. Sub-Saharan Africa

Lower middle income Lower middleincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

3.2 1.3 .. 550 1.9 5.3 72.2 3.5 22.5 –0.8 712.0 80.3 43.6

3.8 1.5 .. 1,540 4.1 5.0 59.8 6.0 35.1 2.7 479.3 73.0 42.9

.. .. .. .. .. .. 45 .. 0.1

178 37 10 33.0 3.0 65.5 .. .. 0.1

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

35 5.2 20.9 14.0

90 56.1 26.7 15.8

67,651 3.5 33.2 13.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–1.3 .. 7.2 6.5 .. .. 4.8 –17.0 17.0

9.6 0.2 2.8 10.5 .. .. 2.5 24.9 10.8

–1.1 .. 81.4 46.4 9.5 3.9 74.7

9.7 119 .. 2.2 0.0

5.0 155 .. 34.2 1.9

39.0 1,269

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

62

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

3,435 1,662 5.7 1,905 8.0 12.6 41.3 24.9 46.1

37.0 33.1

35 9 52.0 3.5 42.9 8.6 1.0

7.3

38.9 12.4

Costa Rica Latin America & Caribbean

Upper middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

Upper middleincome group 2007

3.9 1.7 5.2 3,710 5.7 9.5 32.1 25.3 58.5 11.0 308.2 48.6 45.8

4.5 2.0 4.6 5,520 5.4 8.7 28.8 20.9 62.5 9.4 516.6 48.8 53.6

.. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. ..

117 60 12 35.0 3.5 55.7 30 10.3 3.8

.. .. .. .. ..

9.6 0.0 9.3 48.6 10.5

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

161 2.6 17.8 16.3

330 7.2 21.8 20.4

71,663 3.9 21.0 17.3

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–1.3 36.2 24.7 12.1 10.8 3.5 24.0 16.7 11.5

1.7 .. 42.3 22.2 10.7 1.2 44.3 3.2 6.4

.. .. 53.0 41.3 9.9 2.5 45.5

22.0 1,518 .. 5.4 5.8

25.2 1,801 .. 33.8 33.6

41.8 3,242

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

824 378 8.7 7,107 4.3 5.8 33.4 18.8 60.8

29.7 28.5

53 9 37.1 2.9 45.8 10.8 3.9

6.4

84.1 26.6

63

Côte d’Ivoire Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income Lowincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

17.0 6.2 4.1 630 3.4 24.2 24.9 21.7 50.9 2.5 712.0 40.4 33.3

19.3 7.1 .. 920 0.3 23.9 25.3 17.5 50.9 1.9 479.3 46.6 40.9

.. .. .. .. .. .. 35 .. ..

161 40 10 49.0 2.2 45.4 35 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

215 2.3 11.2 8.4

254 2.2 8.6 6.1

17,365 4.2 23.7 14.4

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

2.8 105.2 19.7 13.9 .. .. 15.5 .. ..

–0.8 107.7 17.7 16.1 .. .. 16.1 .. ..

.. .. 32.6 24.3 .. .. 31.2

9.7 168 .. 2.8 0.2

8.1 182 .. 36.6 1.6

12.1 309

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

64

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,296 543 .. 574 5.6 25.0 29.6 15.6 45.5

32.0 38.3

49 10 63.7 3.6 68.4 18.2 0.4

10.3

21.5 5.2

Croatia Europe & Central Asia

Upper middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

4.4 2.0 16.1 4,430 3.2 9.1 30.3 21.7 60.7 4.6 8.3 47.1 52.3

4.4 2.0 9.6 10,460 4.8 7.2 31.6 20.6 61.3 2.9 5.4 47.7 56.3

Upper middleincome group 2007 824 378 8.7 7,107 4.3 5.8 33.4 18.8 60.8

29.7 28.5

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

.. .. .. .. .. .. 35 2.0 1.1

106 40 8 39.0 3.1 32.5 20 5.5 3.7

5.0 41.6 19.8 .. 15.9

10.9 6.0 60.0 42.6 16.5

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

746 5.9 21.8 18.6

2,305 9.6 29.9 24.4

71,663 3.9 21.0 17.3

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–6.2 .. 43.1 33.0 11.9 9.5 37.4 7.0 8.3

–1.3 .. 71.0 58.5 12.5 4.8 72.1 5.1 7.0

.. .. 53.0 41.3 9.9 2.5 45.5

85.4 2,840 .. 23.3 6.8

89.1 3,636 2.2 113.5 44.7

41.8 3,242

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

53 9 37.1 2.9 45.8 10.8 3.9

6.4

84.1 26.6

65

Cuba Latin America & Caribbean

Upper middle income Upper middleincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

11.1 5.1 5.4 .. 4.2 6.4 47.5 38.7 46.1 .. .. 16.0 18.7

11.3 5.2 1.9 .. 3.4 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

600 .. 10.4 ..

41 .. .. ..

71,663 3.9 21.0 17.3

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. 53.0 41.3 9.9 2.5 45.5

49.0 1,136 .. 0.1 0.5

.. 1,231 .. 1.8 11.6

41.8 3,242

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

66

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

824 378 8.7 7,107 4.3 5.8 33.4 18.8 60.8

29.7 28.5

53 9 37.1 2.9 45.8 10.8 3.9

6.4

84.1 26.6

Cyprus High income Highincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

0.79 0.37 4.8 13,440 3.9 .. .. .. .. 4.1 1.1 42.1 45.7

0.85 0.43 4.6 24,940 3.4 .. .. .. .. 2.4 0.7 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. 25 9.7 ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. 10 10.5 ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. 9.2 17.2 ..

.. 10.5 .. ..

.. 4.1 20.8 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–5.5 91.4 170.3 153.3 .. .. 211.8 4.0 1.5

0.8 163.1 204.8 190.7 .. .. 256.4 3.5 3.3

–1.0 44.0 99.4 .. 6.5 1.4 163.2

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

60.6 4,047 .. 27.8 15.3

65.1 5,239 .. 115.6 38.0

87.0 9,675

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

1,056 516 5.5 37,572 2.4 1.4 26.2 16.9 72.4

27.3 28.1

21 7 35.9 2.1 40.3 11.8 7.7

4.0

100.4 65.7

67

Czech Republic High income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

10.3 5.2 8.8 5,800 1.0 3.9 38.1 26.8 58.0 3.9 38.6 63.4 66.4

10.3 5.2 5.3 14,580 4.6 2.7 38.7 27.0 58.6 2.9 20.3 79.6 74.6

Highincome group 2007 1,056 516 5.5 37,572 2.4 1.4 26.2 16.9 72.4

27.3 28.1

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

.. .. .. .. .. .. 31 .. ..

75 15 8 22.0 6.5 48.6 24 6.7 2.3

2.3 32.9 14.2 .. 12.7

2.1 37.3 11.4 5.0 12.5

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

1,462 8.8 28.0 ..

488 5.3 24.1 ..

.. 4.1 20.8 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–3.6 13.7 53.9 54.2 5.4 29.3 49.0 5.6 3.7

–1.7 25.0 55.7 60.5 6.0 2.6 47.7 2.1 4.5

–1.0 44.0 99.4 .. 6.5 1.4 163.2

100.0 5,694 .. 42.3 9.7

100.0 6,509 .. 123.1 48.3

87.0 9,675

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

68

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

21 7 35.9 2.1 40.3 11.8 7.7

4.0

100.4 65.7

Denmark High income Highincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

5.3 2.9 4.5 31,850 2.8 2.6 26.8 16.2 70.6 2.9 8.1 46.6 40.6

5.5 2.9 3.6 55,440 1.8 1.3 25.7 14.2 73.0 1.7 5.4 52.1 51.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. 30 13.8 4.3

5 6 4 0.0 1.1 29.9 25 14.4 8.0

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. 22.5 20.2 ..

.. 3.8 22.8 ..

.. 4.1 20.8 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

1.7 50.1 91.8 48.1 6.2 0.7 135.3 4.9 4.9

4.8 23.9 200.0 62.5 6.1 0.6 202.4 .. ..

–1.0 44.0 99.4 .. 6.5 1.4 163.2

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

100.0 6,484 .. 63.0 39.2

100.0 6,864 .. 114.1 80.7

87.0 9,675

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

1,056 516 5.5 37,572 2.4 1.4 26.2 16.9 72.4

27.3 28.1

21 7 35.9 2.1 40.3 11.8 7.7

4.0

100.4 65.7

69

Djibouti Middle East & North Africa

Lower middle income Lower middleincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

0.73 0.30 .. 760 –0.2 3.5 15.4 2.6 81.1 .. 177.7 35.1 50.4

0.83 0.35 .. 1,090 3.4 3.9 16.9 2.5 79.3 .. 177.7 58.3 78.8

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

153 37 11 56.0 5.0 38.7 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

50 0.6 8.8 6.1

300 23.5 38.3 25.8

67,651 3.5 33.2 13.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. 32.1 9.5 8.6

.. .. .. .. .. .. 23.0 7.1 8.1

–1.1 .. 81.4 46.4 9.5 3.9 74.7

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

45.0 .. .. 0.0 0.2

.. .. .. 5.5 1.3

39.0 1,269

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

70

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

3,435 1,662 5.7 1,905 8.0 12.6 41.3 24.9 46.1

37.0 33.1

35 9 52.0 3.5 42.9 8.6 1.0

7.3

38.9 12.4

Dominica Latin America & Caribbean

Upper middle income Upper middleincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

0.07 .. 11.0 3,200 2.2 18.1 23.4 8.8 58.4 0.9 2.7 53.3 67.5

0.07 .. .. 4,030 1.6 17.6 23.7 7.8 58.6 3.1 2.7 44.6 63.9

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

74 14 5 58.0 .. 37.0 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

19 6.5 28.1 8.1

5 8.5 29.2 6.9

71,663 3.9 21.0 17.3

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 76.6 69.8 .. .. 62.0 11.0 7.8

.. .. 69.1 91.5 .. .. 62.8 8.7 5.9

.. .. 53.0 41.3 9.9 2.5 45.5

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

50.4 .. .. 1.7 8.4

.. .. .. 58.5 36.6

41.8 3,242

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

824 378 8.7 7,107 4.3 5.8 33.4 18.8 60.8

29.7 28.5

53 9 37.1 2.9 45.8 10.8 3.9

6.4

84.1 26.6

71

Dominican Republic Latin America & Caribbean

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

Lower middleincome group 2007

8.7 3.5 14.2 2,050 7.8 11.1 33.9 16.8 54.6 7.7 16.4 44.9 54.9

9.7 4.2 17.9 3,560 4.8 12.0 27.7 13.2 60.3 6.1 33.3 34.5 41.4

.. .. .. .. .. .. 25 .. ..

97 19 8 88.0 3.5 35.7 30 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

8.8 17.3 3.6 30.2 9.6

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

1,076 4.8 23.5 19.2

46 4.6 21.9 16.9

67,651 3.5 33.2 13.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. 20.7 28.0 22.8 9.4 2.6 44.0 17.7 9.1

–1.8 .. 20.9 18.8 9.5 4.0 33.4 9.6 8.9

–1.1 .. 81.4 46.4 9.5 3.9 74.7

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

49.4 716 .. 8.1 3.7

.. 1,309 .. 56.7 17.2

39.0 1,269

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

72

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

3,435 1,662 5.7 1,905 8.0 12.6 41.3 24.9 46.1

37.0 33.1

35 9 52.0 3.5 42.9 8.6 1.0

7.3

38.9 12.4

Ecuador Latin America & Caribbean

Lower middle income

Country data 2000

2007

Economic and social context 12.3 Population (millions) 4.9 Labor force (millions) 9.0 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 1,340 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 0.7 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) .. Agriculture value added (% of GDP) .. Industry value added (% of GDP) .. Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) .. Services value added (% of GDP) 96.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 11,786.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 37.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 31.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

13.3 5.9 7.9 3,110 5.0 7.1 36.8 9.7 56.1 2.3 .. 33.6 34.4

Lower middleincome group 2007 3,435 1,662 5.7 1,905 8.0 12.6 41.3 24.9 46.1

37.0 33.1

.. .. .. .. .. .. 25 .. ..

136 65 14 135.0 5.3 34.9 25 .. 0.4

.. .. .. .. ..

17.3 11.3 24.0 24.8 18.2

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

20 4.5 20.5 15.6

409 0.4 21.7 14.6

67,651 3.5 33.2 13.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. 12.9 31.0 32.6 26.0 8.3

.. .. .. .. 8.5 2.9 25.5 7.1 7.1

–1.1 .. 81.4 46.4 9.5 3.9 74.7

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

18.9 654 .. 3.9 1.5

14.8 759 2.5 75.6 13.2

39.0 1,269

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

35 9 52.0 3.5 42.9 8.6 1.0

7.3

38.9 12.4

73

Egypt, Arab Rep. Middle East & North Africa

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

Lower middleincome group 2007

66.5 19.8 9.0 1,460 5.2 16.7 33.1 19.4 50.1 2.7 3.5 16.2 22.8

75.5 24.0 9.0 1,580 4.3 14.1 36.3 15.7 49.6 9.3 5.7 30.3 34.8

.. .. .. .. .. .. 40 .. ..

114 7 6 132.0 4.2 46.1 20 2.6 0.2

.. .. .. .. ..

.. 14.1 9.5 142.7 20.0

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

864 1.2 18.9 9.1

3,957 8.9 20.9 13.1

67,651 3.5 33.2 13.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–6.7 37.4 74.3 63.9 5.6 13.6 58.7 7.9 3.8

–4.6 .. 68.8 81.3 5.1 24.7 50.6 –0.1 6.4

–1.1 .. 81.4 46.4 9.5 3.9 74.7

78.1 1,011 .. 2.0 0.7

81.0 1,382 8.7 39.8 14.0

39.0 1,269

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

74

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

3,435 1,662 5.7 1,905 8.0 12.6 41.3 24.9 46.1

37.0 33.1

35 9 52.0 3.5 42.9 8.6 1.0

7.3

38.9 12.4

El Salvador Latin America & Caribbean

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

Lower middleincome group 2007

6.2 2.5 7.0 2,030 3.3 10.5 31.6 24.7 57.9 2.3 8.8 27.4 42.4

6.9 2.8 6.6 2,850 2.8 12.1 28.8 22.4 59.1 4.6 8.8 26.1 50.1

.. .. .. .. .. .. 25 .. ..

72 17 8 86.0 4.0 34.9 25 .. 0.5

.. .. .. .. ..

9.2 2.6 17.3 22.1 11.0

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

277 1.3 16.9 14.2

411 7.5 20.4 17.5

67,651 3.5 33.2 13.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–4.7 55.3 5.2 4.8 8.8 4.3 45.2 10.5 4.6

0.8 40.5 5.0 4.3 11.8 2.1 42.8 .. ..

–1.1 .. 81.4 46.4 9.5 3.9 74.7

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

19.8 653 .. 12.0 1.1

.. 721 2.8 89.6 11.1

39.0 1,269

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

3,435 1,662 5.7 1,905 8.0 12.6 41.3 24.9 46.1

37.0 33.1

35 9 52.0 3.5 42.9 8.6 1.0

7.3

38.9 12.4

75

Equatorial Guinea High income Highincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

0.43 0.17 .. 1,540 36.0 9.8 85.9 1.4 4.2 4.8 712.0 98.6 85.4

0.51 0.20 .. 12,860 16.8 2.9 93.8 13.0 3.3 4.2 479.3 92.7 56.5

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

167 136 20 133.0 .. 59.5 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

23 .. 61.3 56.2

9 .. 46.7 28.1

.. 4.1 20.8 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 2.9 3.2 .. .. 3.0 –16.8 17.0

.. .. 2.6 5.9 .. .. 3.7 21.9 10.8

–1.0 44.0 99.4 .. 6.5 1.4 163.2

.. .. .. 1.2 0.2

.. .. .. 43.3 1.6

87.0 9,675

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

76

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,056 516 5.5 37,572 2.4 1.4 26.2 16.9 72.4

27.3 28.1

21 7 35.9 2.1 40.3 11.8 7.7

4.0

100.4 65.7

Eritrea Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income Lowincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

3.7 1.4 .. 170 1.5 15.1 23.0 11.2 61.9 .. 9.6 15.1 81.8

4.8 1.9 .. 270 1.4 24.3 19.2 5.5 56.5 .. 15.4 6.3 34.5

1,296 543 .. 574 5.6 25.0 29.6 15.6 45.5

32.0 38.3

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

173 84 13 69.0 .. 84.5 .. .. ..

3.8 .. 30.5 .. 6.6

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

40 4.4 23.8 5.0

.. –0.2 10.6 1.2

17,365 4.2 23.7 14.4

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. 32.5 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. 25.6 .. ..

.. .. 32.6 24.3 .. .. 31.2

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

21.8 47 .. 0.0 0.1

.. 49 .. 1.7 2.5

12.1 309

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

49 10 63.7 3.6 68.4 18.2 0.4

10.3

21.5 5.2

77

Estonia High income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

1.4 0.67 12.8 4,190 5.8 4.9 27.8 17.8 67.3 4.0 17.0 85.4 89.0

1.3 0.68 4.7 12,830 8.1 2.8 30.4 17.6 66.8 6.6 11.4 74.4 85.3

Highincome group 2007 1,056 516 5.5 37,572 2.4 1.4 26.2 16.9 72.4

27.3 28.1

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

.. .. .. .. .. .. 35 .. ..

22 7 5 35.0 3.0 48.6 21 .. ..

2.4 19.6 16.5 7.6 10.0

2.3 12.9 17.8 8.4 13.2

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

172 6.9 26.0 23.1

132 12.9 32.5 28.9

.. 4.1 20.8 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

0.2 6.9 33.4 24.7 12.6 1.0 36.5 2.9 3.7

3.2 4.2 85.1 43.5 8.6 0.5 96.1 –2.9 2.1

–1.0 44.0 99.4 .. 6.5 1.4 163.2

20.1 4,629 .. 40.7 28.6

22.7 5,883 .. 147.7 63.7

87.0 9,675

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

78

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

21 7 35.9 2.1 40.3 11.8 7.7

4.0

100.4 65.7

Ethiopia Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

65.8 29.3 8.2 130 3.5 49.9 12.4 5.5 37.8 0.7 8.2 12.0 24.0

79.1 37.9 5.4 220 7.5 46.3 13.4 5.1 40.3 17.2 8.9 12.8 32.2

Lowincome group 2007 1,296 543 .. 574 5.6 25.0 29.6 15.6 45.5

32.0 38.3

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

.. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. ..

116 16 7 40.0 3.0 31.1 30 .. ..

2.1 .. 13.6 115.8 2.3

3.8 4.4 11.0 44.2 4.2

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. 1.6 20.3 8.1

.. 1.1 25.0 6.7

17,365 4.2 23.7 14.4

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–7.6 .. 35.9 35.6 .. .. 23.1 3.8 4.9

.. .. 28.8 37.3 .. .. 23.8 –4.1 3.4

.. .. 32.6 24.3 .. .. 31.2

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

12.0 23 .. 0.0 0.0

12.8 38 5.1 1.5 0.4

12.1 309

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

49 10 63.7 3.6 68.4 18.2 0.4

10.3

21.5 5.2

79

Faeroe Islands High income Highincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

0.05 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 8.1 .. ..

0.05 .. 3.2 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5.4 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. 20 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. 20 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. 4.1 20.8 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

–1.0 44.0 99.4 .. 6.5 1.4 163.2

.. .. .. 37.1 32.8

.. .. .. 107.8 77.5

87.0 9,675

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

80

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,056 516 5.5 37,572 2.4 1.4 26.2 16.9 72.4

27.3 28.1

21 7 35.9 2.1 40.3 11.8 7.7

4.0

100.4 65.7

Fiji East Asia & Pacific

Upper middle income Upper middleincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

0.80 0.31 .. 2,270 2.2 17.1 22.3 14.0 60.6 1.1 2.1 65.2 70.3

0.83 0.33 4.6 3,750 1.9 15.1 24.9 15.4 60.0 4.8 1.6 48.9 64.5

.. .. .. .. .. .. 32 .. ..

39 46 8 22.0 1.8 41.5 31 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

3 –0.1 15.4 10.2

50 7.8 15.6 13.4

71,663 3.9 21.0 17.3

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 36.4 36.7 .. .. 32.0 13.7 7.5

–2.9 .. 41.0 40.2 .. .. 44.5 0.3 8.1

.. .. 53.0 41.3 9.9 2.5 45.5

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

49.2 .. .. 6.9 1.5

.. .. .. 63.5 9.6

41.8 3,242

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

824 378 8.7 7,107 4.3 5.8 33.4 18.8 60.8

29.7 28.5

53 9 37.1 2.9 45.8 10.8 3.9

6.4

84.1 26.6

81

Finland High income Highincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

5.2 2.6 9.7 25,480 4.9 3.5 33.7 26.2 62.8 3.4 1.1 43.5 33.9

5.3 2.7 6.8 44,300 3.0 3.2 32.3 23.7 64.6 2.5 0.7 44.8 40.1

.. .. .. .. .. .. 29 7.4 2.3

14 14 3 26.0 0.9 47.8 26 8.7 3.0

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. 7.5 19.4 ..

.. 4.7 20.3 ..

.. 4.1 20.8 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

6.7 55.1 55.8 22.1 6.3 0.6 53.1 2.9 4.0

5.5 37.5 .. .. 9.2 0.3 82.0 3.0 2.7

–1.0 44.0 99.4 .. 6.5 1.4 163.2

62.0 15,286 .. 72.0 37.2

65.3 17,177 .. 115.0 78.8

87.0 9,675

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

82

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,056 516 5.5 37,572 2.4 1.4 26.2 16.9 72.4

27.3 28.1

21 7 35.9 2.1 40.3 11.8 7.7

4.0

100.4 65.7

France High income Highincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

58.9 26.2 10.0 24,450 2.9 2.8 22.9 16.0 74.3 1.7 1.1 28.6 27.7

61.7 28.0 8.0 38,810 1.8 2.2 20.6 12.2 77.2 1.5 0.7 26.5 28.4

.. .. .. .. .. .. 33 8.9 2.3

31 7 5 32.0 1.9 65.4 33 10.8 3.3

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. 3.2 19.5 ..

.. 6.2 21.5 ..

.. 4.1 20.8 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–1.7 60.7 .. .. 6.7 5.0 85.0 5.2 4.1

–2.3 66.6 .. .. 5.5 2.7 105.2 4.9 4.3

–1.0 44.0 99.4 .. 6.5 1.4 163.2

100.0 7,486 .. 49.3 14.4

100.0 7,813 .. 89.7 51.2

87.0 9,675

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

1,056 516 5.5 37,572 2.4 1.4 26.2 16.9 72.4

27.3 28.1

21 7 35.9 2.1 40.3 11.8 7.7

4.0

100.4 65.7

83

French Polynesia High income Highincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

0.24 0.10 .. 16,070 3.5 4.7 .. .. .. .. 129.5 4.9 24.2

0.26 0.12 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 87.2 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. 4.1 20.8 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

–1.0 44.0 99.4 .. 6.5 1.4 163.2

.. .. .. 16.9 6.4

.. .. .. 66.6 28.6

87.0 9,675

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

84

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,056 516 5.5 37,572 2.4 1.4 26.2 16.9 72.4

27.3 28.1

21 7 35.9 2.1 40.3 11.8 7.7

4.0

100.4 65.7

Gabon Sub-Saharan Africa

Upper middle income Upper middleincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

1.2 0.52 .. 3,220 0.3 6.2 56.3 3.7 37.5 0.5 712.0 69.0 32.7

1.3 0.61 .. 7,020 2.0 4.8 60.2 4.1 34.9 5.0 479.3 64.7 35.9

.. .. .. .. .. .. 35 .. ..

151 58 9 43.0 5.0 44.7 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

12 –0.8 21.9 19.0

131 2.3 26.2 21.7

71,663 3.9 21.0 17.3

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 12.1 10.4 .. 6.6 8.7 –4.8 17.0

.. .. 9.6 12.9 7.0 7.6 12.0 9.3 10.8

.. .. 53.0 41.3 9.9 2.5 45.5

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

9.9 914 .. 10.1 1.3

10.2 1,083 .. 87.9 6.2

41.8 3,242

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

824 378 8.7 7,107 4.3 5.8 33.4 18.8 60.8

29.7 28.5

53 9 37.1 2.9 45.8 10.8 3.9

6.4

84.1 26.6

85

Gambia, The Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

Lowincome group 2007

1.4 0.62 .. 310 4.6 35.8 13.1 5.4 51.1 0.2 12.8 48.0 56.8

1.7 0.78 .. 320 4.9 28.7 14.8 5.0 56.5 2.1 24.9 33.3 49.8

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

130 27 8 26.0 3.0 292.4 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

7.3 13.6 7.6 63.9 22.2

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

7 10.3 17.4 12.8

.. 10.6 24.8 13.9

17,365 4.2 23.7 14.4

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 30.8 29.5 .. .. 12.5 19.6 11.5

.. .. 41.7 60.1 .. .. 16.2 21.0 15.0

.. .. 32.6 24.3 .. .. 31.2

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

35.4 .. .. 0.4 0.9

19.3 .. 23.8 46.9 5.9

12.1 309

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

86

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,296 543 .. 574 5.6 25.0 29.6 15.6 45.5

32.0 38.3

49 10 63.7 3.6 68.4 18.2 0.4

10.3

21.5 5.2

Georgia Europe & Central Asia

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

4.7 2.4 10.8 700 5.6 21.9 22.4 13.0 55.7 4.1 2.0 23.0 39.7

4.4 2.3 13.3 2,120 8.3 10.9 24.1 12.3 65.0 9.2 1.7 31.5 57.7

Lower middleincome group 2007 3,435 1,662 5.7 1,905 8.0 12.6 41.3 24.9 46.1

37.0 33.1

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 8.2 0.7

15 3 3 4.0 3.3 38.6 20 8.8 1.7

9.7 76.0 9.2 2.0 13.2

2.1 8.4 38.2 11.4 16.0

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

49 4.3 25.4 24.5

1,112 17.0 28.3 21.3

67,651 3.5 33.2 13.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–1.6 69.9 6.5 4.2 30.5 11.6 8.7 26.8 22.6

0.8 22.7 22.4 13.8 20.4 2.6 28.3 9.8 10.9

–1.1 .. 81.4 46.4 9.5 3.9 74.7

93.4 1,360 .. 4.1 0.5

38.6 1,549 3.3 59.1 8.2

39.0 1,269

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

35 9 52.0 3.5 42.9 8.6 1.0

7.3

38.9 12.4

87

Germany High income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

Highincome group 2007

82.2 40.4 7.7 25,510 2.0 1.3 30.3 22.9 68.5 1.5 1.1 33.4 33.0

82.3 41.4 8.6 38,990 1.0 0.9 30.1 22.6 69.0 2.1 0.7 46.7 39.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. 25 18.4 1.5

25 18 9 69.0 1.2 50.5 25 11.9 1.2

.. .. .. .. ..

4.5 14.8 44.3 3.4 ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. 11.1 21.5 ..

.. 1.6 18.5 ..

.. 4.1 20.8 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

1.4 37.8 144.5 63.1 4.2 4.7 118.6 10.4 6.2

–0.4 40.8 .. .. 4.3 3.4 105.5 .. ..

–1.0 44.0 99.4 .. 6.5 1.4 163.2

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

.. 6,636 .. 58.6 30.2

100.0 7,174 .. 118.1 72.3

87.0 9,675

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

88

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,056 516 5.5 37,572 2.4 1.4 26.2 16.9 72.4

27.3 28.1

21 7 35.9 2.1 40.3 11.8 7.7

4.0

100.4 65.7

Ghana Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

Lowincome group 2007

20.1 8.8 10.1 320 4.4 35.3 25.4 9.0 39.3 25.2 0.5 48.8 67.2

23.5 10.5 .. 590 5.5 33.6 25.8 7.9 40.6 10.7 0.9 33.4 59.6

.. .. .. .. .. .. 33 5.9 0.5

87 34 9 178.0 1.9 32.7 22 6.2 0.5

.. .. .. .. ..

4.0 18.1 16.0 24.4 6.8

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

10 3.3 23.1 12.7

520 6.4 33.7 19.5

17,365 4.2 23.7 14.4

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–6.5 .. .. .. 11.8 11.9 14.0 .. ..

–7.6 .. .. .. 11.8 6.4 17.8 .. ..

.. .. 32.6 24.3 .. .. 31.2

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

29.6 321 .. 0.6 0.1

14.9 304 9.7 32.4 3.8

12.1 309

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

1,296 543 .. 574 5.6 25.0 29.6 15.6 45.5

32.0 38.3

49 10 63.7 3.6 68.4 18.2 0.4

10.3

21.5 5.2

89

Greece High income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

Highincome group 2007

10.9 4.9 11.1 12,560 3.5 6.6 21.0 11.1 72.5 3.2 1.1 24.9 38.4

11.2 5.2 8.1 25,740 4.3 3.6 23.1 13.2 73.3 2.9 0.7 22.2 35.4

.. .. .. .. .. .. 35 5.7 0.7

96 19 15 24.0 2.0 47.4 25 5.4 0.8

.. .. .. .. ..

3.7 55.9 16.1 7.0 11.7

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. 0.9 21.6 ..

.. 0.6 25.7 ..

.. 4.1 20.8 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–3.7 123.5 71.0 49.0 8.9 12.3 47.0 8.6 6.2

–3.7 113.7 .. .. 6.6 4.5 91.5 3.2 4.3

–1.0 44.0 99.4 .. 6.5 1.4 163.2

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

91.8 4,539 .. 54.3 9.2

.. 5,372 .. 109.8 32.9

87.0 9,675

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

90

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,056 516 5.5 37,572 2.4 1.4 26.2 16.9 72.4

27.3 28.1

21 7 35.9 2.1 40.3 11.8 7.7

4.0

100.4 65.7

Greenland High income Highincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

0.06 .. 11.0 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 8.1 .. ..

0.06 .. 8.4 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5.4 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. 4.1 20.8 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

–1.0 44.0 99.4 .. 6.5 1.4 163.2

.. .. .. 26.9 31.7

.. .. .. 117.0 91.6

87.0 9,675

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

1,056 516 5.5 37,572 2.4 1.4 26.2 16.9 72.4

27.3 28.1

21 7 35.9 2.1 40.3 11.8 7.7

4.0

100.4 65.7

91

Grenada Latin America & Caribbean

Upper middle income Upper middleincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

0.10 .. 15.2 3,710 6.7 7.7 24.3 7.6 68.0 2.1 2.7 57.6 75.7

0.11 .. .. 3,920 1.3 6.8 29.3 6.2 63.8 4.2 2.7 32.4 66.6

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

84 20 6 29.0 .. 45.3 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

7 9.1 43.8 36.8

3 23.1 52.5 31.5

71,663 3.9 21.0 17.3

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 79.8 82.2 .. .. 79.4 11.4 7.4

.. .. 89.7 99.4 .. .. 86.3 –5.6 6.6

.. .. 53.0 41.3 9.9 2.5 45.5

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

61.0 .. .. 4.3 4.1

.. .. .. 43.7 21.8

41.8 3,242

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

92

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

824 378 8.7 7,107 4.3 5.8 33.4 18.8 60.8

29.7 28.5

53 9 37.1 2.9 45.8 10.8 3.9

6.4

84.1 26.6

Guam High income Highincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

0.16 0.07 11.5 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

0.17 0.08 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. 4.1 20.8 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

–1.0 44.0 99.4 .. 6.5 1.4 163.2

.. .. .. 17.5 16.1

.. .. .. 59.1 38.6

87.0 9,675

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

1,056 516 5.5 37,572 2.4 1.4 26.2 16.9 72.4

27.3 28.1

21 7 35.9 2.1 40.3 11.8 7.7

4.0

100.4 65.7

93

Guatemala Latin America & Caribbean

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

Lower middleincome group 2007

11.2 3.2 1.4 1,730 4.1 22.8 19.8 13.2 57.4 6.0 7.8 20.2 29.0

13.3 4.9 3.1 2,450 3.6 10.7 27.9 18.3 61.4 6.5 7.7 25.6 42.4

.. .. .. .. .. .. 31 .. 0.6

112 26 11 101.0 3.0 36.5 31 .. 0.6

.. .. .. .. ..

9.2 3.8 12.8 35.3 8.0

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

147 1.2 16.1 13.7

731 2.1 20.5 16.3

67,651 3.5 33.2 13.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–1.8 17.0 21.5 16.3 8.9 7.9 19.8 13.2 10.7

–2.0 22.2 36.7 38.0 9.2 5.8 35.2 6.3 8.1

–1.1 .. 81.4 46.4 9.5 3.9 74.7

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

34.5 343 .. 7.6 0.7

.. 529 3.1 76.0 10.1

39.0 1,269

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

94

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

3,435 1,662 5.7 1,905 8.0 12.6 41.3 24.9 46.1

37.0 33.1

35 9 52.0 3.5 42.9 8.6 1.0

7.3

38.9 12.4

Guinea Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

8.2 9.4 3.9 4.5 .. .. 410 400 4.4 2.8 20.3 16.7 32.5 45.2 4.0 4.1 47.2 38.1 .. .. 1,746.9 3,644.3 23.6 37.2 27.9 39.5

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Lowincome group 2007 1,296 543 .. 574 5.6 25.0 29.6 15.6 45.5

32.0 38.3

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

171 41 13 26.0 3.8 49.9 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

2.7 57.3 0.9 16.1 5.2

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

6 0.3 18.9 14.0

18 2.4 12.6 9.3

17,365 4.2 23.7 14.4

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–2.4 .. .. .. .. .. 3.8 7.4 11.9

.. .. .. .. .. .. 5.1 .. ..

.. .. 32.6 24.3 .. .. 31.2

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

16.5 .. .. 0.5 0.1

9.8 .. 33.9 21.3 0.5

12.1 309

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

49 10 63.7 3.6 68.4 18.2 0.4

10.3

21.5 5.2

95

Guinea-Bissau Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

Lowincome group 2007

1.4 0.52 .. 160 –2.7 56.4 13.0 10.5 30.6 8.6 712.0 31.8 51.6

1.7 0.63 .. 200 0.4 63.6 12.2 7.8 24.2 4.6 479.3 42.6 46.5

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

179 233 17 87.0 .. 45.9 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

2.9 22.7 0.7 20.5 8.4

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

3 0.3 11.3 1.3

40 2.0 17.2 3.8

17,365 4.2 23.7 14.4

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 7.6 12.7 .. .. 7.9 .. ..

.. .. 7.6 10.7 .. .. 6.1 .. ..

.. .. 32.6 24.3 .. .. 31.2

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

27.9 .. .. 0.0 0.2

.. .. 9.2 17.5 2.2

12.1 309

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

96

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,296 543 .. 574 5.6 25.0 29.6 15.6 45.5

32.0 38.3

49 10 63.7 3.6 68.4 18.2 0.4

10.3

21.5 5.2

Guyana Latin America & Caribbean

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

Lower middleincome group 2007

0.73 0.31 9.1 890 2.5 31.1 29.0 8.2 39.9 6.1 182.4 96.1 110.7

0.74 0.33 .. 1,250 0.8 31.0 24.5 8.0 44.5 12.3 202.3 87.9 123.9

.. .. .. .. .. .. 45 .. ..

105 40 8 56.0 3.0 39.4 45 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

2.3 5.4 25.8 93.4 17.8

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

11 9.4 23.8 10.0

26 14.1 29.8 1.4

67,651 3.5 33.2 13.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 66.3 62.6 .. .. 57.1 10.0 8.6

.. .. 69.2 82.8 .. .. 56.7 5.1 12.1

–1.1 .. 81.4 46.4 9.5 3.9 74.7

7.4 .. .. 5.4 6.8

.. .. .. 38.0 25.7

39.0 1,269

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

3,435 1,662 5.7 1,905 8.0 12.6 41.3 24.9 46.1

37.0 33.1

35 9 52.0 3.5 42.9 8.6 1.0

7.3

38.9 12.4

97

Haiti Latin America & Caribbean

Low income Lowincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

8.6 3.1 7.2 470 2.4 28.4 16.6 9.0 55.0 13.7 21.2 12.1 31.8

9.6 3.6 .. 520 0.2 27.9 17.0 8.4 55.1 8.5 36.9 11.0 34.4

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3.8 0.0

154 195 13 17.0 5.7 40.1 .. 3.0 0.0

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

101 0.3 26.0 23.0

176 1.1 28.9 21.7

17,365 4.2 23.7 14.4

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 15.6 27.2 .. .. 14.8 15.8 25.7

.. .. 15.1 30.1 .. .. 11.3 22.9 45.5

.. .. 32.6 24.3 .. .. 31.2

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

24.3 35 .. 0.6 0.2

.. 37 .. 26.0 10.4

12.1 309

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

98

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,296 543 .. 574 5.6 25.0 29.6 15.6 45.5

32.0 38.3

49 10 63.7 3.6 68.4 18.2 0.4

10.3

21.5 5.2

Honduras Latin America & Caribbean

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

Lower middleincome group 2007

6.2 2.3 3.9 940 2.8 15.9 32.5 22.7 51.7 11.1 14.8 54.0 66.4

7.1 2.6 4.2 1,590 5.3 13.4 28.1 19.8 58.6 6.9 18.9 51.5 78.4

.. .. .. .. .. .. 15 .. ..

133 20 13 74.0 3.8 49.3 25 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

4.6 6.1 8.5 27.6 16.5

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

127 4.0 25.8 20.3

231 6.7 30.4 26.2

67,651 3.5 33.2 13.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 32.8 32.6 8.8 10.6 34.1 –3.1 10.9

–1.1 .. 47.4 45.8 8.4 6.6 53.1 9.0 8.8

–1.1 .. 81.4 46.4 9.5 3.9 74.7

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

20.4 519 .. 2.5 1.2

.. 642 3.0 58.9 6.0

39.0 1,269

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

3,435 1,662 5.7 1,905 8.0 12.6 41.3 24.9 46.1

37.0 33.1

35 9 52.0 3.5 42.9 8.6 1.0

7.3

38.9 12.4

99

Hong Kong, China High income Highincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

6.7 3.4 4.9 26,570 1.8 0.1 13.4 5.4 86.5 –3.8 7.8 143.3 138.8

6.9 3.6 4.0 31,560 5.2 0.1 7.7 2.5 92.3 2.0 7.8 207.3 196.4

.. .. .. .. .. .. 16 10.5 7.9

4 11 5 62.0 1.1 24.2 18 15.4 15.7

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. 36.6 26.4 ..

.. 26.2 20.3 ..

.. 4.1 20.8 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 164.2 210.1 9.0 7.3 152.6 13.6 4.7

.. .. 147.4 267.3 12.0 0.9 139.6 3.7 4.3

–1.0 44.0 99.4 .. 6.5 1.4 163.2

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

100.0 5,447 .. 81.7 27.8

100.0 5,883 .. 155.2 57.2

87.0 9,675

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

100

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,056 516 5.5 37,572 2.4 1.4 26.2 16.9 72.4

27.3 28.1

21 7 35.9 2.1 40.3 11.8 7.7

4.0

100.4 65.7

Hungary High income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

10.2 4.2 6.4 4,660 4.2 5.4 32.2 23.5 62.5 9.8 282.2 72.1 75.7

10.1 4.3 7.4 11,680 4.0 4.0 29.6 21.9 66.4 7.9 183.6 80.3 78.7

Highincome group 2007 1,056 516 5.5 37,572 2.4 1.4 26.2 16.9 72.4

27.3 28.1

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

.. .. .. .. .. .. 18 9.4 2.5

41 5 4 35.0 2.0 57.5 16 10.3 4.1

5.9 27.0 15.2 10.7 29.6

4.0 25.0 22.3 9.6 23.1

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

1,168 5.8 23.0 ..

2,645 26.9 21.0 ..

.. 4.1 20.8 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–2.7 60.9 35.8 35.5 8.3 3.0 31.4 –0.3 3.1

–4.9 69.4 70.5 44.6 8.3 2.4 61.5 3.2 2.3

–1.0 44.0 99.4 .. 6.5 1.4 163.2

43.7 3,309 .. 30.1 7.0

43.9 3,882 .. 109.7 51.9

87.0 9,675

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

21 7 35.9 2.1 40.3 11.8 7.7

4.0

100.4 65.7

101

Iceland High income Highincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

0.28 0.16 2.3 30,830 5.0 8.6 26.0 13.9 65.4 5.2 78.6 33.6 40.9

0.31 0.18 2.3 57,750 4.5 5.8 23.6 10.0 70.6 5.1 64.1 35.3 46.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 14.2 11.4

11 5 5 13.0 1.0 26.8 .. 12.5 18.2

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. 1.8 22.9 ..

.. 15.2 27.5 ..

.. 4.1 20.8 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

2.7 60.5 83.1 40.6 6.2 1.5 97.1 12.7 6.2

4.9 44.1 150.2 60.0 6.9 0.8 319.7 13.1 7.2

–1.0 44.0 99.4 .. 6.5 1.4 163.2

29.5 26,221 .. 76.5 44.5

35.9 31,328 .. 105.4 65.0

87.0 9,675

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

102

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,056 516 5.5 37,572 2.4 1.4 26.2 16.9 72.4

27.3 28.1

21 7 35.9 2.1 40.3 11.8 7.7

4.0

100.4 65.7

India South Asia

Lower middle income

Country data 2000

2007

Economic and social context 1,015.9 1,124.8 Population (millions) 391.7 447.7 Labor force (millions) 4.3 5.0 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 450 950 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5.9 7.8 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) 23.4 18.1 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 26.2 29.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 15.6 16.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 50.5 52.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 4.0 6.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 44.9 41.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 13.2 21.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 14.2 24.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

Lower middleincome group 2007 3,435 1,662 5.7 1,905 8.0 12.6 41.3 24.9 46.1

37.0 33.1

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

.. .. .. .. .. .. 40 3.7 0.0

122 30 13 56.0 10.0 71.5 30 2.7 0.0

12.9 .. 0.0 72.6 ..

6.7 52.3 19.4 29.5 22.5

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

2,665 0.8 22.7 16.3

22,485 2.0 34.0 25.7

67,651 3.5 33.2 13.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–3.9 56.0 41.1 42.6 5.7 12.8 28.8 8.5 ..

–1.4 53.7 60.9 57.5 6.4 2.5 47.3 7.8 ..

–1.1 .. 81.4 46.4 9.5 3.9 74.7

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

47.5 402 .. 0.4 0.5

.. 503 .. 20.8 7.2

39.0 1,269

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

35 9 52.0 3.5 42.9 8.6 1.0

7.3

38.9 12.4

103

Indonesia East Asia & Pacific

Lower middle income

Country data 2000

2007

Economic and social context Population (millions) 206.3 Labor force (millions) 97.0 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 590 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) –0.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 15.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 45.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 27.7 Services value added (% of GDP) 38.5 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 8,421.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 41.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30.5 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

225.6 110.5 9.1 1,650 5.1 13.8 46.7 27.0 39.4 6.4 9,141.0 29.4 25.3

Lower middleincome group 2007 3,435 1,662 5.7 1,905 8.0 12.6 41.3 24.9 46.1

37.0 33.1

.. .. .. .. .. .. 30 4.6 0.1

129 76 11 108.0 5.5 37.3 30 7.0 0.1

.. .. .. .. ..

4.0 11.2 13.9 14.6 22.1

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

642 –2.8 19.9 ..

6,897 1.6 24.9 ..

67,651 3.5 33.2 13.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–2.5 45.2 43.7 44.7 6.0 34.4 19.9 –1.7 6.0

–1.1 28.8 31.5 34.1 10.0 9.3 25.4 2.2 5.9

–1.1 .. 81.4 46.4 9.5 3.9 74.7

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

57.1 400 .. 1.8 0.9

55.4 530 .. 36.3 5.8

39.0 1,269

104

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

35 9 52.0 3.5 42.9 8.6 1.0

7.3

38.9 12.4

Iran, Islamic Rep. Middle East & North Africa

Lower middle income Lower middleincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

2007

63.9 71.0 21.2 27.8 12.8 10.5 1,670 3,540 3.7 5.9 13.7 10.2 36.7 44.5 13.2 10.6 49.5 45.3 14.5 17.2 1,764.4 9,281.2 22.7 32.2 17.4 21.5

3,435 1,662 5.7 1,905 8.0 12.6 41.3 24.9 46.1

37.0 33.1

.. .. .. .. .. .. 54 .. ..

142 47 8 91.0 4.5 44.2 25 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

5 0.0 26.4 17.6

221 0.3 25.8 16.7

67,651 3.5 33.2 13.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

1.8 .. 18.3 31.4 .. .. 28.3 .. ..

10.6 .. 33.1 38.5 .. .. 49.2 –7.0 0.4

–1.1 .. 81.4 46.4 9.5 3.9 74.7

64.8 1,586 .. 1.5 1.0

72.8 2,290 .. 41.9 32.4

39.0 1,269

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

35 9 52.0 3.5 42.9 8.6 1.0

7.3

38.9 12.4

105

Iraq Middle East & North Africa

Lower middle income Lower middleincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

2007

24.4 .. 6.0 .. .. .. .. .. 17.9 –11.4 5.4 8.6 84.4 70.1 0.9 1.7 10.3 21.3 .. .. 0.3 1,254.6 .. .. .. ..

3,435 1,662 5.7 1,905 8.0 12.6 41.3 24.9 46.1

37.0 33.1

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

152 77 11 0.0 .. 24.7 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. .. .. ..

3,940 .. .. ..

67,651 3.5 33.2 13.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 8.4

–1.1 .. 81.4 46.4 9.5 3.9 74.7

84.3 1,195 .. 0.0 ..

.. .. .. .. ..

39.0 1,269

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

106

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

35 9 52.0 3.5 42.9 8.6 1.0

7.3

38.9 12.4

Ireland High income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

Highincome group 2007

3.8 1.8 4.3 23,160 9.5 3.4 42.4 33.5 54.1 5.6 1.1 98.3 84.8

4.4 2.2 4.6 47,610 5.5 1.7 35.1 23.4 63.2 4.9 0.7 80.0 69.3

.. .. .. .. .. .. 32 13.2 7.2

7 13 4 24.0 0.4 28.8 13 10.3 6.7

.. .. .. .. ..

2.3 11.0 20.8 28.3 17.2

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. 26.5 23.4 ..

.. 10.1 26.3 ..

.. 4.1 20.8 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

4.9 40.2 88.6 68.7 6.5 1.0 105.8 –0.7 4.7

0.4 27.4 .. .. 4.5 0.7 199.6 0.1 2.6

–1.0 44.0 99.4 .. 6.5 1.4 163.2

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

100.0 5,796 .. 64.7 17.8

100.0 6,488 .. 114.1 56.1

87.0 9,675

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

1,056 516 5.5 37,572 2.4 1.4 26.2 16.9 72.4

27.3 28.1

21 7 35.9 2.1 40.3 11.8 7.7

4.0

100.4 65.7

107

Isle of Man High income Highincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

0.07 .. 1.6 23,170 10.4 .. .. .. .. .. 0.7 .. ..

0.08 .. 2.4 45,810 6.0 .. .. .. .. .. 0.5 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. 0 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. 4.1 20.8 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

–1.0 44.0 99.4 .. 6.5 1.4 163.2

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

87.0 9,675

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

108

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,056 516 5.5 37,572 2.4 1.4 26.2 16.9 72.4

27.3 28.1

21 7 35.9 2.1 40.3 11.8 7.7

4.0

100.4 65.7

Israel High income Highincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

6.3 2.5 8.8 17,850 4.5 .. .. .. .. 1.1 4.1 37.4 37.7

7.2 2.9 7.3 22,170 3.2 .. .. .. .. 0.5 4.1 43.2 44.9

.. .. .. .. .. .. 36 .. ..

30 34 5 91.0 4.0 33.9 29 11.5 4.4

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. 4.3 18.6 ..

.. 5.9 18.7 ..

.. 4.1 20.8 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–1.9 .. 83.6 76.2 7.3 6.9 77.5 11.2 4.2

0.3 .. 95.7 86.3 6.2 1.7 90.1 6.5 2.8

–1.0 44.0 99.4 .. 6.5 1.4 163.2

100.0 6,372 .. 70.0 20.2

100.0 6,889 .. 124.0 27.9

87.0 9,675

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

1,056 516 5.5 37,572 2.4 1.4 26.2 16.9 72.4

27.3 28.1

21 7 35.9 2.1 40.3 11.8 7.7

4.0

100.4 65.7

109

Italy High income Highincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

56.9 23.5 10.5 20,890 1.8 2.8 28.4 21.0 68.8 2.5 1.1 27.1 26.1

59.4 25.3 6.1 33,490 1.0 2.0 27.0 18.1 70.9 1.8 0.7 29.2 29.5

.. .. .. .. .. .. 36 13.8 1.5

65 10 6 11.0 1.8 73.3 28 12.1 2.0

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. 1.2 20.3 ..

.. 1.9 21.1 ..

.. 4.1 20.8 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–0.7 119.4 74.8 42.2 7.0 7.8 76.0 5.0 5.2

–1.8 104.8 .. .. 7.7 4.8 101.8 4.0 4.9

–1.0 44.0 99.4 .. 6.5 1.4 163.2

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

100.0 5,299 .. 74.2 23.2

100.0 5,755 .. 151.8 53.9

87.0 9,675

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

110

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,056 516 5.5 37,572 2.4 1.4 26.2 16.9 72.4

27.3 28.1

21 7 35.9 2.1 40.3 11.8 7.7

4.0

100.4 65.7

Jamaica Latin America & Caribbean

Upper middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

Upper middleincome group 2007

2.6 1.2 15.5 2,930 –0.1 6.7 31.3 13.7 62.0 8.2 43.0 42.6 53.9

2.7 1.2 9.4 3,330 1.0 5.9 32.8 12.7 61.3 9.3 69.0 45.8 63.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. 33 3.5 1.0

63 8 6 62.0 1.1 51.3 33 3.7 1.2

.. .. .. .. ..

6.3 4.9 10.6 6.9 16.4

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

546 5.8 26.4 23.6

64 7.6 33.0 29.3

71,663 3.9 21.0 17.3

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–2.6 111.0 36.0 32.8 9.2 11.0 28.9 10.7 11.7

–28.9 128.7 41.4 38.7 8.7 2.6 31.1 –7.9 10.1

.. .. 53.0 41.3 9.9 2.5 45.5

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

70.1 2,321 .. 14.2 3.1

73.3 2,453 .. 100.0 56.1

41.8 3,242

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

824 378 8.7 7,107 4.3 5.8 33.4 18.8 60.8

29.7 28.5

53 9 37.1 2.9 45.8 10.8 3.9

6.4

84.1 26.6

111

Japan High income Highincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

126.9 67.7 4.8 34,620 0.6 1.8 32.4 22.2 65.8 –0.7 107.8 11.0 9.5

127.8 65.7 3.9 37,790 1.7 1.5 30.1 21.4 68.4 0.1 117.8 16.1 14.8

.. .. .. .. .. .. 30 3.7 1.1

12 23 8 4.0 0.6 55.4 30 4.4 1.7

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. 0.2 25.2 ..

.. 0.5 23.5 ..

.. 4.1 20.8 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 236.4 230.1 4.6 5.3 222.3 3.9 2.0

.. .. 153.2 186.1 5.0 1.5 171.6 2.5 1.1

–1.0 44.0 99.4 .. 6.5 1.4 163.2

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

76.6 7,971 .. 52.6 30.0

79.3 8,220 .. 84.0 69.0

87.0 9,675

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

112

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,056 516 5.5 37,572 2.4 1.4 26.2 16.9 72.4

27.3 28.1

21 7 35.9 2.1 40.3 11.8 7.7

4.0

100.4 65.7

Jordan Middle East & North Africa

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

Lower middleincome group 2007

4.8 1.3 15.8 1,790 3.2 2.3 25.5 15.7 72.1 0.7 0.7 41.8 68.5

5.7 1.6 12.4 2,840 6.3 3.2 29.4 19.3 67.4 5.4 0.7 57.9 99.3

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.2

101 14 10 4.0 4.3 31.1 .. .. 0.6

.. .. .. .. ..

6.7 0.9 8.6 47.1 15.5

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

584 9.6 21.1 11.9

1,126 11.6 27.4 19.6

67,651 3.5 33.2 13.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–2.0 93.7 86.4 85.7 7.0 18.4 77.8 12.2 4.8

–5.1 77.5 110.6 106.2 6.7 4.1 99.0 2.6 3.2

–1.1 .. 81.4 46.4 9.5 3.9 74.7

100.0 1,377 .. 8.1 2.7

100.0 1,904 2.6 83.4 19.7

39.0 1,269

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

3,435 1,662 5.7 1,905 8.0 12.6 41.3 24.9 46.1

37.0 33.1

35 9 52.0 3.5 42.9 8.6 1.0

7.3

38.9 12.4

113

Kazakhstan Europe & Central Asia

Upper middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

14.9 7.5 12.8 1,270 1.9 8.7 40.5 17.7 50.8 13.2 142.1 56.6 49.1

15.5 8.2 8.4 5,020 10.0 6.1 40.6 12.4 53.3 10.8 122.6 49.4 42.6

Upper middleincome group 2007 824 378 8.7 7,107 4.3 5.8 33.4 18.8 60.8

29.7 28.5

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

.. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. ..

70 21 8 9.0 3.3 36.4 30 9.0 0.3

7.3 55.0 6.4 7.2 12.8

3.1 55.7 15.4 13.9 9.9

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

475 7.0 17.3 16.5

838 9.7 30.1 24.5

71,663 3.9 21.0 17.3

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

0.1 21.6 10.2 8.7 13.6 .. 11.2 .. ..

1.2 5.3 49.0 26.5 15.2 2.7 58.9 .. ..

.. .. 53.0 41.3 9.9 2.5 45.5

86.5 3,170 .. 1.3 0.7

91.4 4,293 .. 79.6 12.3

41.8 3,242

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

114

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

53 9 37.1 2.9 45.8 10.8 3.9

6.4

84.1 26.6

Kenya Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

Lowincome group 2007

31.3 14.3 9.8 420 2.2 32.4 16.9 11.6 50.7 10.0 76.2 21.6 31.7

37.5 17.4 .. 640 4.4 26.1 17.9 11.0 56.0 9.8 67.3 26.1 37.3

.. .. .. .. .. .. 30 4.7 0.3

82 30 12 47.0 4.5 50.9 30 5.9 0.4

.. .. .. .. ..

5.1 32.3 22.9 40.5 9.8

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

130 0.9 16.7 7.5

877 3.0 19.5 24.9

17,365 4.2 23.7 14.4

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

2.0 52.6 33.7 31.8 12.9 33.3 28.4 15.3 14.2

–3.0 .. 35.2 34.5 12.4 22.7 27.2 8.3 8.2

.. .. 32.6 24.3 .. .. 31.2

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

12.1 110 .. 0.4 0.3

14.1 145 7.3 30.2 8.0

12.1 309

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

1,296 543 .. 574 5.6 25.0 29.6 15.6 45.5

32.0 38.3

49 10 63.7 3.6 68.4 18.2 0.4

10.3

21.5 5.2

115

Kiribati East Asia & Pacific

Lower middle income Lower middleincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

0.08 .. .. 1,130 9.6 4.0 10.2 0.8 85.8 .. 1.7 10.1 68.4

0.10 .. .. 1,120 –0.5 3.4 6.3 0.9 90.2 .. 1.2 15.0 121.6

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

79 21 6 4.0 .. 31.8 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

67,651 3.5 33.2 13.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

–1.1 .. 81.4 46.4 9.5 3.9 74.7

.. .. .. 0.4 1.8

.. .. .. 0.7 2.1

39.0 1,269

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

116

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

3,435 1,662 5.7 1,905 8.0 12.6 41.3 24.9 46.1

37.0 33.1

35 9 52.0 3.5 42.9 8.6 1.0

7.3

38.9 12.4

Korea, Dem. Rep. East Asia & Pacific

Low income Lowincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

22.9 11.1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

23.8 12.4 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

17,365 4.2 23.7 14.4

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. 32.6 24.3 .. .. 31.2

6.4 712 .. 0.0 0.0

2.8 797 .. 0.0 0.0

12.1 309

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

1,296 543 .. 574 5.6 25.0 29.6 15.6 45.5

32.0 38.3

49 10 63.7 3.6 68.4 18.2 0.4

10.3

21.5 5.2

117

Korea, Rep. High income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

Highincome group 2007

47.0 22.7 4.4 9,800 3.5 4.9 40.7 29.4 54.4 2.3 1,131.0 40.8 37.7

48.5 24.3 3.2 19,730 4.7 3.0 39.4 27.9 57.6 2.5 929.3 45.6 44.8

.. .. .. .. .. .. 28 .. ..

23 17 10 91.0 1.5 33.7 25 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

3.2 21.3 11.5 3.9 17.6

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. 1.8 31.1 ..

.. 0.2 28.8 ..

.. 4.1 20.8 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

4.6 9.6 76.5 60.8 4.6 8.9 91.1 7.8 0.6

4.6 .. 107.5 63.4 9.0 0.7 107.8 5.3 1.4

–1.0 44.0 99.4 .. 6.5 1.4 163.2

74.5 5,907 .. 57.0 40.5

88.6 8,063 .. 89.8 75.9

87.0 9,675

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

118

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,056 516 5.5 37,572 2.4 1.4 26.2 16.9 72.4

27.3 28.1

21 7 35.9 2.1 40.3 11.8 7.7

4.0

100.4 65.7

Kuwait High income Highincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

2.2 1.1 0.8 16,790 1.8 0.4 59.2 2.6 40.5 2.5 0.3 56.5 30.1

2.7 1.4 1.7 38,420 9.2 0.5 51.0 2.3 48.5 5.5 0.3 65.4 30.1

.. .. .. .. .. .. 0 .. ..

52 35 13 78.0 4.2 14.4 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. 0.0 10.7 ..

.. 0.1 19.7 ..

.. 4.1 20.8 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–9.4 .. 77.5 64.6 11.5 19.2 48.7 –9.7 3.0

16.3 .. 60.7 52.0 12.0 3.2 69.6 –7.7 3.1

–1.0 44.0 99.4 .. 6.5 1.4 163.2

80.6 13,378 .. 21.7 6.8

85.0 16,311 .. 104.2 33.8

87.0 9,675

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

1,056 516 5.5 37,572 2.4 1.4 26.2 16.9 72.4

27.3 28.1

21 7 35.9 2.1 40.3 11.8 7.7

4.0

100.4 65.7

119

Kyrgyz Republic Europe & Central Asia

Low income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

4.9 2.1 12.5 280 5.4 36.7 31.4 19.5 31.9 18.7 47.7 41.8 47.6

5.2 2.3 8.3 610 4.1 33.6 18.9 11.3 47.5 10.2 37.3 44.7 89.9

Lowincome group 2007 1,296 543 .. 574 5.6 25.0 29.6 15.6 45.5

32.0 38.3

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

.. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. ..

68 15 4 17.0 4.0 61.4 .. .. 1.2

5.8 75.8 6.4 10.5 11.6

6.1 85.0 7.9 13.8 11.9

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

5 –0.2 18.3 10.5

5 5.6 25.2 18.0

17,365 4.2 23.7 14.4

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–2.9 114.5 4.2 4.9 .. .. 4.2 19.5 33.5

–1.5 .. 12.2 10.2 .. .. 15.3 10.4 19.9

.. .. 32.6 24.3 .. .. 31.2

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

91.1 1,904 .. 0.2 1.0

.. 2,015 .. 41.4 14.3

12.1 309

120

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

49 10 63.7 3.6 68.4 18.2 0.4

10.3

21.5 5.2

Lao PDR East Asia & Pacific

Low income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

5.2 5.9 2.4 2.9 .. 1.4 290 630 6.1 6.7 52.5 41.8 22.9 32.2 17.0 21.4 24.6 26.0 25.1 4.5 7,887.6 9,603.2 30.0 37.4 44.1 53.3

Lowincome group 2007 1,296 543 .. 574 5.6 25.0 29.6 15.6 45.5

32.0 38.3

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

165 103 8 19.0 .. 33.7 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

4.5 34.7 13.8 58.8 3.3

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

5 2.0 28.3 14.7

810 7.9 39.8 32.4

17,365 4.2 23.7 14.4

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 8.8 13.6 .. .. 8.9 5.5 20.0

–3.0 .. 8.6 17.5 .. .. 6.8 24.2 23.5

.. .. 32.6 24.3 .. .. 31.2

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

44.5 .. .. 0.2 0.1

13.4 .. .. 25.2 1.7

12.1 309

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

49 10 63.7 3.6 68.4 18.2 0.4

10.3

21.5 5.2

121

Latvia Europe & Central Asia

Upper middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

2.4 1.1 13.9 3,220 5.7 4.6 23.6 13.7 71.8 2.7 0.6 41.6 48.7

2.3 1.2 6.0 9,920 9.0 3.3 22.0 10.8 74.7 10.1 0.5 44.4 64.7

Upper middleincome group 2007 824 378 8.7 7,107 4.3 5.8 33.4 18.8 60.8

29.7 28.5

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

.. .. .. .. .. .. 25 .. 4.1

29 16 5 17.0 3.0 33.0 15 .. 7.6

7.2 33.3 10.2 8.6 12.0

2.9 24.3 15.1 31.0 9.3

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

229 5.3 24.2 20.5

166 8.3 32.5 24.1

71,663 3.9 21.0 17.3

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–2.2 12.0 20.8 16.3 8.5 4.6 19.2 7.4 7.5

0.9 .. 79.6 34.2 7.9 0.4 93.9 –2.1 4.8

.. .. 53.0 41.3 9.9 2.5 45.5

100.0 2,078 .. 16.9 6.3

100.0 2,876 .. 97.4 55.0

41.8 3,242

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

122

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

53 9 37.1 2.9 45.8 10.8 3.9

6.4

84.1 26.6

Lebanon Middle East & North Africa

Upper middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

2007

3.8 4.1 1.3 1.5 8.5 8.1 4,580 5,800 2.3 3.3 7.3 6.4 23.7 24.0 13.7 11.4 69.0 69.6 .. .. 1,507.5 1,507.5 13.8 25.3 36.8 49.9

Upper middleincome group 2007 824 378 8.7 7,107 4.3 5.8 33.4 18.8 60.8

29.7 28.5

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.7

99 11 5 17.0 4.0 36.0 .. .. 0.4

.. .. .. .. ..

12.0 23.7 26.8 71.6 20.9

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

196 5.7 20.8 15.9

3 11.7 17.9 11.4

71,663 3.9 21.0 17.3

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–18.9 .. .. .. 6.4 7.8 90.2 21.2 6.9

–11.5 .. .. .. 8.1 10.1 75.6 5.1 2.3

.. .. 53.0 41.3 9.9 2.5 45.5

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

84.9 2,081 .. 19.7 8.0

.. 2,141 .. 30.8 38.3

41.8 3,242

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

53 9 37.1 2.9 45.8 10.8 3.9

6.4

84.1 26.6

123

Lesotho Sub-Saharan Africa

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

Lower middleincome group 2007

1.9 0.80 27.3 600 2.3 17.9 41.4 17.0 40.7 6.1 6.9 29.9 90.4

2.0 0.85 .. 1,030 3.8 11.9 46.9 19.2 41.2 8.0 7.0 54.9 106.9

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

123 40 7 44.0 2.6 18.0 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

19.8 5.3 6.7 51.4 8.6

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

3 13.8 44.9 36.9

5 8.1 27.8 17.0

67,651 3.5 33.2 13.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–2.6 67.8 .. .. .. .. 14.3 12.6 12.2

9.2 .. 13.6 25.8 14.6 3.0 10.5 7.5 7.7

–1.1 .. 81.4 46.4 9.5 3.9 74.7

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

18.3 .. .. 1.1 0.2

.. .. .. 22.7 3.5

39.0 1,269

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

124

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

3,435 1,662 5.7 1,905 8.0 12.6 41.3 24.9 46.1

37.0 33.1

35 9 52.0 3.5 42.9 8.6 1.0

7.3

38.9 12.4

Liberia Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income Lowincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

3.1 1.1 .. 130 38.9 72.0 11.6 9.5 16.4 .. 41.0 21.5 26.0

3.7 1.4 5.6 140 –2.7 54.0 18.6 13.0 27.5 .. 61.3 33.3 83.8

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

157 27 8 84.0 3.0 35.8 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. 3.7 4.9 2.0

17 17.9 16.4 4.3

17,365 4.2 23.7 14.4

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. 3.1 22.1 14.3

.. .. .. .. .. .. 10.0 –0.8 11.3

.. .. 32.6 24.3 .. .. 31.2

6.2 .. .. 0.0 0.0

.. .. .. 15.2 0.5

12.1 309

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

1,296 543 .. 574 5.6 25.0 29.6 15.6 45.5

32.0 38.3

49 10 63.7 3.6 68.4 18.2 0.4

10.3

21.5 5.2

125

Libya Middle East & North Africa

Upper middle income Upper middleincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

5.3 1.8 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. –2.9 0.5 35.0 15.2

6.2 2.3 .. 9,010 3.7 .. .. .. .. 3.4 1.3 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. 0.4 12.9 ..

.. 8.0 .. ..

71,663 3.9 21.0 17.3

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 32.1 26.5 .. .. 26.8 –13.4 4.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. 7.2 0.6 3.5

.. .. 53.0 41.3 9.9 2.5 45.5

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

57.2 2,227 .. 0.7 0.2

.. 3,688 .. 73.1 4.3

41.8 3,242

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

126

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

824 378 8.7 7,107 4.3 5.8 33.4 18.8 60.8

29.7 28.5

53 9 37.1 2.9 45.8 10.8 3.9

6.4

84.1 26.6

Liechtenstein High income Highincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

0.03 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

0.04 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. 15 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. 15 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. 4.1 20.8 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

–1.0 44.0 99.4 .. 6.5 1.4 163.2

.. .. .. 30.6 36.8

.. .. .. 90.8 65.2

87.0 9,675

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

1,056 516 5.5 37,572 2.4 1.4 26.2 16.9 72.4

27.3 28.1

21 7 35.9 2.1 40.3 11.8 7.7

4.0

100.4 65.7

127

Lithuania Europe & Central Asia

Upper middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

3.5 1.7 16.4 3,170 4.2 7.9 29.8 19.4 62.3 1.0 4.0 44.8 51.1

3.4 1.6 4.3 9,770 8.0 5.2 33.3 19.1 61.5 5.7 2.5 55.4 67.4

Upper middleincome group 2007 824 378 8.7 7,107 4.3 5.8 33.4 18.8 60.8

29.7 28.5

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

.. .. .. .. .. .. 24 6.8 1.3

28 26 7 30.0 1.7 46.4 15 9.8 2.7

6.1 26.3 10.0 4.3 11.6

5.1 31.9 15.6 30.2 15.1

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

388 3.3 18.8 19.6

253 5.3 26.6 ..

71,663 3.9 21.0 17.3

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–2.8 .. 18.2 15.4 10.2 11.3 13.2 10.2 8.3

–0.9 19.3 54.2 33.0 7.4 1.0 61.2 –1.6 1.5

.. .. 53.0 41.3 9.9 2.5 45.5

91.3 2,517 .. 15.0 6.4

28.3 3,233 .. 145.8 49.2

41.8 3,242

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

128

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

53 9 37.1 2.9 45.8 10.8 3.9

6.4

84.1 26.6

Luxembourg High income Highincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

0.44 0.19 2.3 43,490 6.4 0.7 18.4 11.3 81.0 3.1 1.1 150.0 129.0

0.48 0.22 3.9 72,430 4.2 0.4 14.4 7.9 85.2 2.3 0.7 172.5 141.9

.. .. .. .. .. .. 30 12.9 7.9

50 26 6 39.0 2.0 21.0 23 11.7 8.0

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. 524.9 20.8 ..

.. 380.3 20.2 ..

.. 4.1 20.8 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

5.5 4.9 .. .. 4.0 0.5 102.2 5.7 2.0

3.2 4.8 .. .. 4.6 0.2 191.7 .. ..

–1.0 44.0 99.4 .. 6.5 1.4 163.2

100.0 15,425 .. 69.2 22.8

100.0 16,414 .. 125.9 75.8

87.0 9,675

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

1,056 516 5.5 37,572 2.4 1.4 26.2 16.9 72.4

27.3 28.1

21 7 35.9 2.1 40.3 11.8 7.7

4.0

100.4 65.7

129

Macao, China High income Highincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

0.44 0.22 6.7 14,250 –1.1 0.0 15.7 10.1 90.3 –1.6 8.0 104.3 67.1

0.48 0.27 3.0 .. 15.2 0.0 18.7 3.9 85.1 5.6 8.0 92.2 58.9

.. .. .. .. .. .. 15 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. 12 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. 6.2 11.9 ..

.. 18.6 34.6 ..

.. 4.1 20.8 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

1.7 .. 82.8 170.8 .. .. 83.0 11.0 4.6

10.2 .. 40.1 114.0 .. .. 42.8 3.0 5.0

–1.0 44.0 99.4 .. 6.5 1.4 163.2

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

100.0 .. .. 32.0 13.6

100.0 .. .. 165.4 49.6

87.0 9,675

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

130

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,056 516 5.5 37,572 2.4 1.4 26.2 16.9 72.4

27.3 28.1

21 7 35.9 2.1 40.3 11.8 7.7

4.0

100.4 65.7

Macedonia, FYR Europe & Central Asia

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

2.0 0.83 32.2 1,840 3.0 12.0 33.7 20.7 54.2 6.6 65.9 48.6 63.5

2.0 0.89 34.9 3,470 2.7 12.0 29.5 18.9 58.5 3.5 44.7 54.9 74.6

Lower middleincome group 2007 3,435 1,662 5.7 1,905 8.0 12.6 41.3 24.9 46.1

37.0 33.1

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

71 9 7 26.0 3.7 18.4 15 .. ..

7.3 42.7 4.7 10.8 9.5

8.2 33.7 9.0 7.0 11.0

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

429 4.9 16.2 11.5

269 4.2 19.8 13.3

67,651 3.5 33.2 13.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. 23.1 17.8 9.9 7.7

.. .. .. .. .. 9.1 38.0 4.9 5.4

–1.1 .. 81.4 46.4 9.5 3.9 74.7

63.8 2,932 .. 5.8 2.5

.. 3,495 .. 95.6 27.3

39.0 1,269

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

35 9 52.0 3.5 42.9 8.6 1.0

7.3

38.9 12.4

131

Madagascar Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income

Country data 2000

2007

Economic and social context Population (millions) 16.2 19.7 Labor force (millions) 7.4 9.5 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 5.8 2.6 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 240 320 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) 3.9 3.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 29.2 26.2 Industry value added (% of GDP) 14.2 17.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 12.2 15.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 56.6 56.4 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 12.0 10.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1,353.5 1,873.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30.7 30.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 38.0 46.6 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Lowincome group 2007 1,296 543 .. 574 5.6 25.0 29.6 15.6 45.5

32.0 38.3

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 8.5 0.1

144 7 5 30.0 .. 42.8 .. 6.4 0.1

.. .. .. .. ..

20.8 12.7 13.0 58.0 6.6

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

10 2.1 15.0 8.3

120 13.5 27.3 19.7

17,365 4.2 23.7 14.4

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–2.0 111.9 10.1 13.0 7.1 8.6 8.8 18.0 11.5

–2.7 .. 11.3 14.8 6.2 10.1 10.1 31.5 28.5

.. .. 32.6 24.3 .. .. 31.2

11.6 .. .. 0.4 0.2

.. .. .. 11.3 0.6

12.1 309

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

132

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

49 10 63.7 3.6 68.4 18.2 0.4

10.3

21.5 5.2

Malawi Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

Lowincome group 2007

11.6 4.9 .. 150 3.8 39.5 17.9 12.9 42.5 29.6 59.5 25.6 35.3

13.9 5.7 7.8 250 3.3 34.3 20.4 14.1 45.3 8.0 140.0 23.7 44.8

.. .. .. .. .. .. 38 5.1 0.0

134 39 10 84.0 2.6 31.4 .. 7.5 0.1

.. .. .. .. ..

5.8 15.3 20.6 98.5 17.2

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

5 1.5 12.3 2.3

37 1.5 24.1 10.1

17,365 4.2 23.7 14.4

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 7.6 15.0 .. .. 9.1 17.3 19.9

.. .. 11.1 20.2 .. .. 10.6 18.9 21.7

.. .. 32.6 24.3 .. .. 31.2

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

19.0 .. .. 0.4 0.1

45.0 .. 76.9 7.5 1.0

12.1 309

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

1,296 543 .. 574 5.6 25.0 29.6 15.6 45.5

32.0 38.3

49 10 63.7 3.6 68.4 18.2 0.4

10.3

21.5 5.2

133

Malaysia East Asia & Pacific

Upper middle income Upper middleincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

23.3 9.7 3.0 3,450 3.7 0.9 48.3 30.9 50.8 1.5 3.8 119.8 100.6

26.5 11.6 3.1 6,420 5.4 10.2 47.7 28.0 42.0 2.0 3.4 110.2 89.9

824 378 8.7 7,107 4.3 5.8 33.4 18.8 60.8

29.7 28.5

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

.. .. .. .. .. .. 28 .. 2.5

20 13 9 75.0 2.3 34.5 27 .. 2.8

7.3 .. 23.8 16.4 31.4

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

5,710 4.0 25.3 13.4

1,057 4.5 21.7 11.6

71,663 3.9 21.0 17.3

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–3.0 .. 131.0 107.6 8.5 15.4 171.3 –1.1 4.3

–4.1 .. 106.6 109.6 7.5 6.6 105.3 1.2 3.2

.. .. 53.0 41.3 9.9 2.5 45.5

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

75.3 2,743 .. 22.0 21.4

79.8 3,388 .. 87.9 55.7

41.8 3,242

134

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

53 9 37.1 2.9 45.8 10.8 3.9

6.4

84.1 26.6

Maldives South Asia

Lower middle income Lower middleincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

0.27 0.09 2.0 2,140 8.5 .. .. .. .. .. 11.8 89.5 71.6

0.31 0.14 14.4 3,190 6.8 .. .. .. .. 7.4 12.8 91.9 80.8

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

69 9 5 9.0 6.7 9.1 .. .. 2.7

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

2 2.1 26.3 ..

40 1.4 53.5 ..

67,651 3.5 33.2 13.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–5.0 40.9 .. .. .. .. 19.1 11.7 6.1

–8.8 55.7 84.4 58.2 .. .. 90.5 6.0 6.5

–1.1 .. 81.4 46.4 9.5 3.9 74.7

.. .. .. 2.8 2.2

.. .. .. 102.7 10.8

39.0 1,269

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

3,435 1,662 5.7 1,905 8.0 12.6 41.3 24.9 46.1

37.0 33.1

35 9 52.0 3.5 42.9 8.6 1.0

7.3

38.9 12.4

135

Mali Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

Lowincome group 2007

10.0 2.6 3.3 260 5.5 41.6 20.6 3.8 37.9 –0.7 712.0 26.8 39.4

12.3 3.2 8.8 500 5.4 36.5 24.2 3.1 39.1 1.4 479.3 27.3 37.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

166 26 11 31.0 3.6 51.4 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

2.4 31.1 7.0 48.4 8.6

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

366 3.4 24.6 15.9

87 5.2 23.3 14.5

17,365 4.2 23.7 14.4

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–3.4 .. 15.8 13.1 .. .. 16.6 .. ..

–5.6 .. 17.3 17.2 .. .. 18.8 .. ..

.. .. 32.6 24.3 .. .. 31.2

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

12.1 .. .. 0.1 0.1

18.0 .. 4.4 20.5 0.8

12.1 309

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

136

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,296 543 .. 574 5.6 25.0 29.6 15.6 45.5

32.0 38.3

49 10 63.7 3.6 68.4 18.2 0.4

10.3

21.5 5.2

Malta High income Highincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

0.39 0.15 6.7 9,670 4.4 .. .. .. .. 2.4 1.0 92.1 102.7

0.41 0.17 6.2 16,680 1.6 .. .. .. .. 1.3 0.7 87.7 89.9

.. .. .. .. .. .. 35 7.9 ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. 35 8.9 ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. 15.4 23.1 ..

.. 12.5 19.4 ..

.. 4.1 20.8 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 129.0 122.5 .. .. 106.9 –2.7 2.4

–1.8 71.6 135.7 139.7 8.6 1.8 118.5 3.7 2.6

–1.0 44.0 99.4 .. 6.5 1.4 163.2

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

88.0 4,313 .. 29.3 13.1

87.5 4,970 .. 90.8 44.7

87.0 9,675

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

1,056 516 5.5 37,572 2.4 1.4 26.2 16.9 72.4

27.3 28.1

21 7 35.9 2.1 40.3 11.8 7.7

4.0

100.4 65.7

137

Marshall Islands East Asia & Pacific

Lower middle income Lower middleincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

0.05 .. 30.9 2,420 –3.7 9.4 18.6 3.7 72.1 .. .. .. ..

0.06 .. .. 3,240 2.8 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

93 17 5 0.0 2.0 64.9 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

67,651 3.5 33.2 13.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

–1.1 .. 81.4 46.4 9.5 3.9 74.7

.. .. .. 0.9 1.6

.. .. .. 1.2 3.9

39.0 1,269

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

138

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

3,435 1,662 5.7 1,905 8.0 12.6 41.3 24.9 46.1

37.0 33.1

35 9 52.0 3.5 42.9 8.6 1.0

7.3

38.9 12.4

Mauritania Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

Lowincome group 2007

2.6 1.1 20.6 470 2.3 27.6 29.7 9.0 42.6 3.3 238.9 46.2 74.2

3.1 1.3 33.0 840 5.1 12.5 46.7 5.0 40.7 7.3 258.6 57.7 64.9

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

160 19 9 31.0 8.0 98.7 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

5.8 48.2 3.2 7.5 5.9

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

43 3.7 19.4 14.8

30 5.8 25.9 21.3

17,365 4.2 23.7 14.4

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 22.0 9.5 .. .. 23.1 23.9 16.2

.. .. 27.5 11.2 .. .. 27.0 26.7 15.5

.. .. 32.6 24.3 .. .. 31.2

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

11.3 .. .. 0.6 0.2

26.8 .. 3.7 41.7 1.0

12.1 309

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

1,296 543 .. 574 5.6 25.0 29.6 15.6 45.5

32.0 38.3

49 10 63.7 3.6 68.4 18.2 0.4

10.3

21.5 5.2

139

Mauritius Sub-Saharan Africa

Upper middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

Upper middleincome group 2007

1.2 0.53 .. 3,740 5.5 5.9 31.2 23.7 62.9 4.2 26.2 62.7 64.6

1.3 0.57 8.5 5,580 4.0 5.3 27.8 19.9 66.9 8.8 31.3 61.8 71.1

.. .. .. .. .. .. 25 .. ..

24 6 5 35.0 1.7 22.2 15 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

9.6 1.4 36.3 23.2 28.4

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

338 5.9 25.3 17.5

26 5.0 24.9 18.3

71,663 3.9 21.0 17.3

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–1.1 34.5 68.4 70.4 .. .. 60.7 16.5 11.2

–2.3 40.4 94.3 88.4 .. .. 83.5 13.9 10.1

.. .. 53.0 41.3 9.9 2.5 45.5

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

97.0 .. .. 15.2 7.3

100.0 .. .. 73.7 27.0

41.8 3,242

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

140

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

824 378 8.7 7,107 4.3 5.8 33.4 18.8 60.8

29.7 28.5

53 9 37.1 2.9 45.8 10.8 3.9

6.4

84.1 26.6

Mayotte Sub-Saharan Africa

Upper middle income Upper middleincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

0.16 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

0.19 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

71,663 3.9 21.0 17.3

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. 53.0 41.3 9.9 2.5 45.5

.. .. .. 12.7 ..

.. .. .. 28.0 ..

41.8 3,242

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

824 378 8.7 7,107 4.3 5.8 33.4 18.8 60.8

29.7 28.5

53 9 37.1 2.9 45.8 10.8 3.9

6.4

84.1 26.6

141

Mexico Latin America & Caribbean

Upper middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

Upper middleincome group 2007

98.0 39.4 2.6 5,110 5.4 4.2 28.0 20.3 67.8 9.5 9.5 30.9 32.9

105.3 44.4 3.4 9,400 2.6 3.7 35.9 18.6 60.3 4.0 10.9 28.3 29.9

.. .. .. .. .. .. 35 .. ..

56 28 9 52.0 1.8 51.5 28 7.1 4.7

.. .. .. .. ..

20.5 9.6 2.6 11.8 20.3

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

5,277 3.1 21.4 17.8

9,895 2.4 20.8 16.7

71,663 3.9 21.0 17.3

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–1.2 23.2 32.7 24.6 9.6 5.8 18.3 4.3 8.7

.. .. 29.5 21.0 14.4 2.5 22.0 2.7 4.4

.. .. 53.0 41.3 9.9 2.5 45.5

32.8 1,794 .. 14.4 5.2

50.0 2,003 2.6 63.2 22.7

41.8 3,242

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

142

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

824 378 8.7 7,107 4.3 5.8 33.4 18.8 60.8

29.7 28.5

53 9 37.1 2.9 45.8 10.8 3.9

6.4

84.1 26.6

Micronesia, Fed. Sts. East Asia & Pacific

Lower middle income Lower middleincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

0.11 .. .. 2,150 –1.4 .. .. .. .. .. 1.0 .. ..

0.11 .. .. 2,280 –0.7 .. .. .. .. .. 1.0 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

126 16 7 0.0 5.3 58.7 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

67,651 3.5 33.2 13.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. 33.0 13.0 10.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. 22.9 10.9 11.5

–1.1 .. 81.4 46.4 9.5 3.9 74.7

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

17.5 .. .. 0.0 3.7

.. .. .. 24.7 13.5

39.0 1,269

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

3,435 1,662 5.7 1,905 8.0 12.6 41.3 24.9 46.1

37.0 33.1

35 9 52.0 3.5 42.9 8.6 1.0

7.3

38.9 12.4

143

Moldova Europe & Central Asia

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

4.1 1.7 8.5 370 –2.6 29.0 21.7 16.3 49.2 31.3 12.4 49.8 75.4

3.8 1.4 5.1 1,210 6.5 12.0 14.8 14.2 73.2 12.4 12.1 45.7 97.9

Lower middleincome group 2007 3,435 1,662 5.7 1,905 8.0 12.6 41.3 24.9 46.1

37.0 33.1

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 8.6 1.2

103 15 9 37.0 2.8 42.1 15 9.3 2.2

6.4 68.0 17.8 18.0 8.6

3.6 43.2 17.7 28.8 6.9

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

25 9.9 15.4 13.8

426 11.2 33.3 30.6

67,651 3.5 33.2 13.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–1.5 73.0 14.1 11.0 30.6 20.6 12.7 5.1 8.9

–0.3 23.3 33.1 32.4 17.3 3.7 36.9 2.7 3.8

–1.1 .. 81.4 46.4 9.5 3.9 74.7

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

86.1 882 .. 3.4 1.3

85.5 1,516 .. 49.5 18.4

39.0 1,269

144

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

35 9 52.0 3.5 42.9 8.6 1.0

7.3

38.9 12.4

Monaco High income Highincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

.. .. 3.6 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

0.03 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. 33 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. 4.1 20.8 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

–1.0 44.0 99.4 .. 6.5 1.4 163.2

100.0 .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. 56.0 61.2

87.0 9,675

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

1,056 516 5.5 37,572 2.4 1.4 26.2 16.9 72.4

27.3 28.1

21 7 35.9 2.1 40.3 11.8 7.7

4.0

100.4 65.7

145

Mongolia East Asia & Pacific

Lower middle income

Country data

Lower middleincome group 2007

2000

2007

2.4 0.97 17.5 410 3.0 32.7 20.3 4.6 47.0 11.6 1,076.7 56.4 70.9

2.6 1.1 2.8 1,290 7.5 23.0 41.5 4.5 35.6 9.0 1,171.0 64.3 65.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

58 13 7 9.0 4.0 30.3 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

6.0 .. 32.8 6.7 20.5

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

11 4.9 25.1 22.0

2 8.3 37.0 26.1

67,651 3.5 33.2 13.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. 83.3 11.9 13.7 .. .. 7.2 5.3 15.9

7.7 46.9 34.5 38.2 .. .. 45.5 4.6 4.1

–1.1 .. 81.4 46.4 9.5 3.9 74.7

3.5 1,076 .. 6.4 1.3

.. 1,298 .. 30.0 12.3

39.0 1,269

Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

146

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

3,435 1,662 5.7 1,905 8.0 12.6 41.3 24.9 46.1

37.0 33.1

35 9 52.0 3.5 42.9 8.6 1.0

7.3

38.9 12.4

Montenegro Europe & Central Asia

Upper middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

Upper middleincome group 2007

0.67 .. .. 1,840 –1.6 12.5 23.4 10.2 64.1 .. 1.1 36.8 51.1

0.60 .. 30.3 5,270 4.5 10.5 20.0 9.0 69.4 .. 0.7 51.3 93.9

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

90 21 15 39.0 2.0 31.8 9 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

12.7 0.0 8.0 0.0 12.0

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

10 5.6 16.9 ..

104 25.2 23.6 16.2

71,663 3.9 21.0 17.3

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. 8.1 .. ..

.. .. .. .. 8.0 3.2 84.7 2.2 4.3

.. .. 53.0 41.3 9.9 2.5 45.5

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. 107.1 46.7

41.8 3,242

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

824 378 8.7 7,107 4.3 5.8 33.4 18.8 60.8

29.7 28.5

53 9 37.1 2.9 45.8 10.8 3.9

6.4

84.1 26.6

147

Morocco Middle East & North Africa

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

Lower middleincome group 2007

28.5 10.0 12.5 1,340 3.4 14.9 29.1 17.5 56.0 1.9 10.6 28.0 33.4

30.9 11.2 10.0 2,290 5.0 13.7 27.3 15.0 59.0 2.0 8.2 35.8 44.9

.. .. .. .. .. .. 35 .. 0.4

128 12 6 85.0 1.8 44.6 35 .. 1.1

.. .. .. .. ..

11.4 10.7 12.3 18.8 17.3

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

2,135 0.6 26.0 21.3

716 3.7 31.3 27.3

67,651 3.5 33.2 13.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–3.1 56.5 63.6 56.4 9.8 17.5 51.0 14.0 8.2

2.5 .. 73.2 78.5 6.9 7.9 69.9 10.4 7.9

–1.1 .. 81.4 46.4 9.5 3.9 74.7

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

56.4 489 .. 8.2 0.7

61.9 685 2.5 64.9 21.4

39.0 1,269

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

148

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

3,435 1,662 5.7 1,905 8.0 12.6 41.3 24.9 46.1

37.0 33.1

35 9 52.0 3.5 42.9 8.6 1.0

7.3

38.9 12.4

Mozambique Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

Lowincome group 2007

18.2 8.6 2.2 230 8.1 24.0 24.5 12.2 51.5 12.7 15.2 17.5 37.0

21.4 9.9 .. 330 8.1 27.6 25.7 15.2 46.7 8.2 25.8 38.6 45.6

.. .. .. .. .. .. 35 .. ..

141 26 10 134.0 5.0 34.3 32 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

3.3 9.8 11.3 12.7 18.7

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

45 3.3 31.0 21.7

66 5.5 19.2 7.1

17,365 4.2 23.7 14.4

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 17.0 20.3 8.2 17.8 16.7 6.3 9.3

.. .. 20.0 23.4 6.4 2.6 13.9 12.6 7.7

.. .. 32.6 24.3 .. .. 31.2

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

18.7 122 .. 0.3 0.1

.. 461 3.1 15.4 0.9

12.1 309

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

1,296 543 .. 574 5.6 25.0 29.6 15.6 45.5

32.0 38.3

49 10 63.7 3.6 68.4 18.2 0.4

10.3

21.5 5.2

149

Myanmar East Asia & Pacific

Low income Lowincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

45.9 24.9 .. .. 7.6 57.2 9.7 7.2 33.1 –0.1 6.4 0.4 1.1

48.8 27.9 .. .. 9.2 .. .. .. .. 35.0 5.6 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

325 .. 12.0 7.5

556 .. .. ..

17,365 4.2 23.7 14.4

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 11.3 14.6 .. .. 10.4 8.6 5.5

–1.8 .. 4.8 6.5 .. .. 5.6 –2.2 5.0

.. .. 32.6 24.3 .. .. 31.2

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

11.4 77 .. 0.0 0.0

11.9 93 .. 0.4 0.1

12.1 309

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

150

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,296 543 .. 574 5.6 25.0 29.6 15.6 45.5

32.0 38.3

49 10 63.7 3.6 68.4 18.2 0.4

10.3

21.5 5.2

Namibia Sub-Saharan Africa

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

Lower middleincome group 2007

1.9 0.61 20.3 1,880 3.5 11.0 28.4 11.1 60.7 .. 6.9 45.6 51.2

2.1 0.70 21.9 3,450 4.8 11.2 30.1 11.4 58.6 6.7 7.0 50.0 54.5

.. .. .. .. .. .. 35 .. ..

51 66 10 24.0 1.5 25.3 35 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

2.9 2.6 8.1 9.2 17.6

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

10 3.5 18.8 12.7

9 2.4 30.1 21.0

67,651 3.5 33.2 13.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–3.0 .. 46.5 35.2 8.7 3.4 45.6 4.2 7.9

–6.8 .. 56.3 38.8 7.9 2.8 65.3 12.0 5.3

–1.1 .. 81.4 46.4 9.5 3.9 74.7

13.6 1,270 .. 4.4 1.6

.. 1,546 1.7 38.5 4.9

39.0 1,269

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

3,435 1,662 5.7 1,905 8.0 12.6 41.3 24.9 46.1

37.0 33.1

35 9 52.0 3.5 42.9 8.6 1.0

7.3

38.9 12.4

151

Nepal South Asia

Low income Lowincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

24.4 9.3 8.8 220 4.6 40.8 22.1 9.4 37.0 2.5 71.1 23.3 32.4

28.1 11.7 .. 350 3.4 33.6 17.1 7.7 49.3 6.1 66.4 13.1 31.3

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

121 31 7 90.0 5.0 34.1 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

54 0.0 19.3 12.4

14 0.1 20.4 17.5

17,365 4.2 23.7 14.4

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. 64.6 31.9 35.2 .. .. 30.7 4.8 3.5

–1.0 43.0 57.4 61.5 .. .. 36.3 0.3 5.8

.. .. 32.6 24.3 .. .. 31.2

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

30.8 58 .. 0.0 0.2

56.9 80 .. 11.6 1.4

12.1 309

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

152

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,296 543 .. 574 5.6 25.0 29.6 15.6 45.5

32.0 38.3

49 10 63.7 3.6 68.4 18.2 0.4

10.3

21.5 5.2

Netherlands High income Highincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

15.9 8.1 3.0 26,580 4.1 2.6 24.9 15.6 72.4 2.3 1.1 70.1 64.5

16.4 8.5 3.6 45,650 1.6 2.1 24.2 13.3 73.7 1.6 0.7 75.3 67.3

.. .. .. .. .. .. 35 9.4 8.1

26 10 6 17.0 1.1 39.1 26 11.3 10.5

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. 16.4 21.9 ..

.. 16.1 19.9 ..

.. 4.1 20.8 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

2.0 52.1 .. .. 5.1 1.8 134.2 0.6 1.9

0.3 44.0 .. .. 3.3 0.8 195.0 3.4 0.7

–1.0 44.0 99.4 .. 6.5 1.4 163.2

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

90.0 6,560 .. 67.5 44.0

.. 7,055 .. 117.7 84.2

87.0 9,675

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

1,056 516 5.5 37,572 2.4 1.4 26.2 16.9 72.4

27.3 28.1

21 7 35.9 2.1 40.3 11.8 7.7

4.0

100.4 65.7

153

Netherlands Antilles High income Highincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

0.18 0.08 14.0 .. .. .. .. .. .. 5.8 1.8 .. ..

0.19 0.09 12.0 .. .. .. .. .. .. 3.0 1.8 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. 35 2.7 5.4

.. .. .. .. .. .. 35 3.4 5.9

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. 4.1 20.8 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 6.1

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 6.6

–1.0 44.0 99.4 .. 6.5 1.4 163.2

.. 5,402 .. 16.5 1.1

.. 5,656 .. 108.6 ..

87.0 9,675

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

154

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,056 516 5.5 37,572 2.4 1.4 26.2 16.9 72.4

27.3 28.1

21 7 35.9 2.1 40.3 11.8 7.7

4.0

100.4 65.7

New Caledonia High income Highincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

0.21 0.09 .. 14,020 0.2 3.7 19.6 4.0 76.7 .. 129.5 13.1 33.0

0.24 0.10 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 87.2 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. 4.1 20.8 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

–1.0 44.0 99.4 .. 6.5 1.4 163.2

.. .. .. 23.4 14.1

.. .. .. 72.8 33.5

87.0 9,675

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

1,056 516 5.5 37,572 2.4 1.4 26.2 16.9 72.4

27.3 28.1

21 7 35.9 2.1 40.3 11.8 7.7

4.0

100.4 65.7

155

New Zealand High income Highincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

3.9 1.9 5.9 13,460 2.5 8.9 25.3 16.9 65.8 2.6 2.2 35.5 33.8

4.2 2.3 3.6 27,080 3.4 6.8 24.9 .. 68.3 2.4 1.4 29.1 30.6

.. .. .. .. .. .. 33 14.2 14.0

2 1 1 0.0 1.3 35.6 33 15.7 27.0

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. 7.7 20.4 ..

.. 2.0 23.0 ..

.. 4.1 20.8 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

1.7 33.8 .. .. .. .. 111.6 6.8 3.9

3.1 38.6 .. .. .. .. 148.1 7.5 5.0

–1.0 44.0 99.4 .. 6.5 1.4 163.2

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

62.8 9,076 .. 40.0 47.5

65.6 9,646 .. 100.5 69.2

87.0 9,675

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

156

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,056 516 5.5 37,572 2.4 1.4 26.2 16.9 72.4

27.3 28.1

21 7 35.9 2.1 40.3 11.8 7.7

4.0

100.4 65.7

Nicaragua Latin America & Caribbean

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

Lower middleincome group 2007

5.1 1.8 9.8 730 5.0 20.9 28.2 17.0 50.9 7.1 12.7 23.9 51.1

5.6 2.2 5.2 990 3.4 19.4 29.6 18.9 51.1 11.1 18.4 33.2 67.2

.. .. .. .. .. .. 25 .. 0.4

107 39 6 24.0 2.2 63.2 30 .. 0.6

.. .. .. .. ..

9.3 2.6 13.0 62.7 18.7

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

219 6.8 26.5 19.8

190 6.7 29.4 24.4

67,651 3.5 33.2 13.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–3.6 .. 31.7 33.5 6.3 5.2 33.2 8.8 7.3

0.4 .. 36.1 33.3 8.8 8.0 39.1 3.5 7.0

–1.1 .. 81.4 46.4 9.5 3.9 74.7

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

11.1 337 .. 1.8 1.0

.. 426 13.2 37.9 2.8

39.0 1,269

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

3,435 1,662 5.7 1,905 8.0 12.6 41.3 24.9 46.1

37.0 33.1

35 9 52.0 3.5 42.9 8.6 1.0

7.3

38.9 12.4

157

Niger Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

Lowincome group 2007

11.1 3.7 1.5 170 3.4 37.8 17.8 6.8 44.4 2.9 712.0 17.8 25.7

14.2 4.7 .. 280 3.9 41.3 17.4 6.8 41.4 0.1 479.3 15.4 24.8

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

172 19 11 35.0 5.0 42.3 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

11.5 17.1 14.6 20.6 4.8

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

13 0.5 11.2 4.6

110 0.6 18.9 12.5

17,365 4.2 23.7 14.4

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 5.8 5.5 .. .. 4.8 .. ..

–1.0 .. 9.0 8.7 .. .. 9.6 .. ..

.. .. 32.6 24.3 .. .. 31.2

25.7 .. .. 0.0 0.0

20.5 .. 20.7 6.3 0.3

12.1 309

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

158

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,296 543 .. 574 5.6 25.0 29.6 15.6 45.5

32.0 38.3

49 10 63.7 3.6 68.4 18.2 0.4

10.3

21.5 5.2

Nigeria Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

Lowincome group 2007

124.8 37.6 .. 270 2.7 48.6 30.5 3.4 20.9 6.9 101.7 54.0 32.0

148.0 45.3 .. 920 6.6 32.6 39.3 2.6 28.1 5.4 125.8 40.3 29.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. ..

118 31 8 50.0 2.0 32.2 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

6.1 22.9 2.7 7.7 8.5

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

76 2.5 .. ..

3,041 3.7 .. ..

17,365 4.2 23.7 14.4

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 15.5 12.6 7.4 22.6 12.5 –12.2 9.6

.. .. 17.3 13.4 16.3 8.4 25.4 11.3 6.7

.. .. 32.6 24.3 .. .. 31.2

30.9 73 .. 0.0 0.1

15.0 116 26.8 27.3 6.8

12.1 309

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

1,296 543 .. 574 5.6 25.0 29.6 15.6 45.5

32.0 38.3

49 10 63.7 3.6 68.4 18.2 0.4

10.3

21.5 5.2

159

Northern Mariana Islands High income Highincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

0.08 .. 4.6 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. 4.1 20.8 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

–1.0 44.0 99.4 .. 6.5 1.4 163.2

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. 26.2 ..

87.0 9,675

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

160

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,056 516 5.5 37,572 2.4 1.4 26.2 16.9 72.4

27.3 28.1

21 7 35.9 2.1 40.3 11.8 7.7

4.0

100.4 65.7

Norway High income Highincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

4.5 2.4 3.4 35,870 3.6 2.1 42.0 10.6 56.0 3.1 8.8 46.5 29.4

4.7 2.5 2.5 77,370 2.4 1.4 43.0 10.0 55.5 0.7 5.9 45.8 30.1

.. .. .. .. .. .. 28 8.5 3.4

10 10 6 13.0 0.9 41.6 28 13.6 5.9

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. 4.1 18.4 ..

.. 1.0 20.8 ..

.. 4.1 20.8 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

15.7 23.5 66.3 44.0 7.0 1.2 75.8 –5.8 2.2

18.0 46.1 83.2 50.5 5.0 0.6 87.9 5.0 1.8

–1.0 44.0 99.4 .. 6.5 1.4 163.2

76.0 24,994 .. 71.8 26.7

.. 24,296 .. 110.2 84.8

87.0 9,675

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

1,056 516 5.5 37,572 2.4 1.4 26.2 16.9 72.4

27.3 28.1

21 7 35.9 2.1 40.3 11.8 7.7

4.0

100.4 65.7

161

Oman High income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

Highincome group 2007

2.4 0.88 .. 6,720 3.2 2.0 57.2 5.4 40.8 –0.8 0.4 59.2 31.4

2.6 0.97 .. 12,860 4.7 1.9 54.9 8.3 43.3 6.0 0.4 63.0 38.2

.. .. .. .. .. .. 12 9.8 1.3

57 14 7 4.0 4.0 21.6 12 16.4 3.6

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. 6.5 14.7 10.8

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

29 0.4 11.9 4.4

926 4.5 18.5 ..

.. 4.1 20.8 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–4.4 19.1 44.4 31.2 12.8 11.3 36.8 –8.3 2.4

.. .. 34.3 29.4 13.2 3.2 32.0 –0.3 3.1

–1.0 44.0 99.4 .. 6.5 1.4 163.2

30.0 3,140 .. 6.7 3.7

.. 4,456 .. 96.2 13.1

87.0 9,675

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

162

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,056 516 5.5 37,572 2.4 1.4 26.2 16.9 72.4

27.3 28.1

21 7 35.9 2.1 40.3 11.8 7.7

4.0

100.4 65.7

Pakistan South Asia

Low income Lowincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

138.1 41.1 7.2 490 3.0 25.9 23.3 14.7 50.7 4.4 53.6 13.4 14.7

162.5 56.2 5.3 860 5.6 20.6 26.6 19.0 52.8 7.6 60.7 14.1 21.2

1,296 543 .. 574 5.6 25.0 29.6 15.6 45.5

32.0 38.3

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.0

77 24 11 90.0 2.8 28.9 37 .. 0.0

8.7 .. 3.6 32.9 17.0

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

77 0.4 15.9 10.3

4,487 3.7 21.3 15.6

17,365 4.2 23.7 14.4

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–4.1 74.0 30.2 26.5 4.9 19.5 22.3 .. ..

–4.1 .. 38.2 34.7 10.2 8.4 29.4 3.5 6.5

.. .. 32.6 24.3 .. .. 31.2

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

56.0 374 .. 0.2 1.4

65.4 480 .. 38.7 10.8

12.1 309

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

49 10 63.7 3.6 68.4 18.2 0.4

10.3

21.5 5.2

163

Palau East Asia & Pacific

Upper middle income Upper middleincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

0.02 .. .. 6,260 1.2 3.9 15.3 1.4 80.8 .. .. 9.6 106.1

0.02 .. .. 8,270 1.9 3.5 20.7 0.5 75.8 .. .. 67.8 64.1

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

91 28 8 0.0 1.0 73.0 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

71,663 3.9 21.0 17.3

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. 53.0 41.3 9.9 2.5 45.5

.. .. .. 12.3 20.0

.. .. .. 53.0 27.3

41.8 3,242

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

164

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

824 378 8.7 7,107 4.3 5.8 33.4 18.8 60.8

29.7 28.5

53 9 37.1 2.9 45.8 10.8 3.9

6.4

84.1 26.6

Panama Latin America & Caribbean

Upper middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

Upper middleincome group 2007

2.9 1.3 13.8 3,740 5.0 7.2 19.1 10.1 73.6 1.5 1.0 72.6 69.8

3.3 1.5 6.8 5,500 6.0 6.7 16.5 7.1 76.8 4.2 1.0 80.0 75.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. ..

81 13 7 44.0 2.5 50.6 30 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

10.3 7.7 19.2 11.8 14.7

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

111 5.4 21.2 17.9

556 9.8 22.4 19.1

71,663 3.9 21.0 17.3

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–0.8 .. 94.5 73.8 9.6 1.4 101.9 11.9 3.4

.. .. 81.5 78.3 13.7 1.3 92.0 6.2 3.5

.. .. 53.0 41.3 9.9 2.5 45.5

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

34.6 1,301 .. 13.9 6.6

.. 1,506 4.2 90.1 22.3

41.8 3,242

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

824 378 8.7 7,107 4.3 5.8 33.4 18.8 60.8

29.7 28.5

53 9 37.1 2.9 45.8 10.8 3.9

6.4

84.1 26.6

165

Papua New Guinea East Asia & Pacific

Low income Lowincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

5.4 2.3 2.8 620 –0.8 35.8 41.4 7.5 22.8 15.6 2.8 66.2 49.2

6.3 2.7 .. 850 2.3 35.5 44.9 6.0 19.6 0.9 3.0 89.5 68.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. 25 .. ..

95 56 8 39.0 3.0 41.7 25 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

71 2.7 20.4 ..

150 1.5 18.1 ..

17,365 4.2 23.7 14.4

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–1.9 57.7 .. .. .. .. 17.2 3.9 9.1

.. .. .. .. .. .. 21.4 7.2 8.7

.. .. 32.6 24.3 .. .. 31.2

3.5 .. .. 0.2 0.8

.. .. .. 4.7 1.8

12.1 309

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

166

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,296 543 .. 574 5.6 25.0 29.6 15.6 45.5

32.0 38.3

49 10 63.7 3.6 68.4 18.2 0.4

10.3

21.5 5.2

Paraguay Latin America & Caribbean

Lower middle income

Country data 2000

2007

Economic and social context 5.3 6.1 Population (millions) 2.4 3.1 Labor force (millions) 7.6 5.6 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 1,350 1,710 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 0.1 3.3 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) 17.0 22.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 22.5 20.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 15.5 12.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 60.5 58.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 9.0 8.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 3,486.4 5,032.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 38.2 50.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 49.0 53.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Lower middleincome group 2007 3,435 1,662 5.7 1,905 8.0 12.6 41.3 24.9 46.1

37.0 33.1

.. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. ..

115 35 7 113.0 3.9 35.0 10 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

7.9 24.5 8.2 27.2 7.1

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

30 1.5 17.5 ..

153 1.6 17.4 15.1

67,651 3.5 33.2 13.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 28.4 22.0 12.4 12.3 29.8 13.1 11.1

1.8 .. 18.4 17.2 11.6 1.3 20.0 13.4 20.0

–1.1 .. 81.4 46.4 9.5 3.9 74.7

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

50.8 880 .. 15.4 0.7

.. 900 2.5 76.7 8.7

39.0 1,269

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

35 9 52.0 3.5 42.9 8.6 1.0

7.3

38.9 12.4

167

Peru Latin America & Caribbean

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

25.7 11.6 7.4 2,080 2.4 8.5 29.9 15.8 61.6 3.8 3.5 16.0 18.2

27.9 14.1 6.7 3,410 5.4 6.6 37.0 15.9 56.4 1.8 3.1 28.9 22.4

Lower middleincome group 2007 3,435 1,662 5.7 1,905 8.0 12.6 41.3 24.9 46.1

37.0 33.1

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

.. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. 1.4

62 65 10 52.0 3.1 41.2 30 .. ..

.. .. 3.1 22.5 2.6

13.5 1.6 30.9 81.6 14.6

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

952 1.5 20.2 16.3

2,306 5.0 21.6 18.3

67,651 3.5 33.2 13.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–2.1 .. 29.0 26.1 9.1 9.0 26.0 25.4 20.2

2.0 27.2 19.8 22.8 8.8 1.3 21.0 20.4 19.6

–1.1 .. 81.4 46.4 9.5 3.9 74.7

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

13.4 687 .. 5.0 3.1

13.9 899 1.1 55.3 27.4

39.0 1,269

168

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

35 9 52.0 3.5 42.9 8.6 1.0

7.3

38.9 12.4

Philippines East Asia & Pacific

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

Lower middleincome group 2007

76.2 30.8 10.1 1,050 3.5 15.8 32.3 22.2 52.0 4.0 44.2 55.4 53.5

87.9 36.9 6.3 1,620 5.1 14.1 31.7 22.0 54.2 2.8 46.1 42.6 42.2

.. .. .. .. .. .. 32 .. 0.3

140 52 15 91.0 5.7 50.8 35 .. 0.3

.. .. .. .. ..

6.9 27.6 5.5 13.5 15.8

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

2,153 3.0 21.2 14.6

4,386 2.0 14.8 11.5

67,651 3.5 33.2 13.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–3.9 52.9 50.3 54.0 13.6 24.0 43.8 4.3 2.6

–1.5 77.7 36.2 51.0 11.7 5.8 28.8 5.7 5.0

–1.1 .. 81.4 46.4 9.5 3.9 74.7

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

20.0 511 .. 8.5 2.0

9.9 578 .. 58.9 6.0

39.0 1,269

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

3,435 1,662 5.7 1,905 8.0 12.6 41.3 24.9 46.1

37.0 33.1

35 9 52.0 3.5 42.9 8.6 1.0

7.3

38.9 12.4

169

Poland Europe & Central Asia

Upper middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

38.5 17.4 16.1 4,570 5.4 5.0 31.7 18.5 63.3 10.1 4.3 27.1 33.5

38.1 17.3 9.6 9,850 4.1 4.3 31.1 17.5 64.6 2.4 2.8 40.9 43.6

Upper middleincome group 2007 824 378 8.7 7,107 4.3 5.8 33.4 18.8 60.8

29.7 28.5

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

.. .. .. .. .. .. 28 4.9 0.9

76 31 10 13.0 3.0 40.2 19 5.0 1.0

7.9 27.4 17.2 0.0 9.5

3.0 30.0 20.7 13.4 13.9

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

7,807 5.5 23.7 20.9

3,592 5.4 21.7 17.5

71,663 3.9 21.0 17.3

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–2.8 33.0 33.6 34.0 7.1 15.5 26.6 12.0 5.8

–2.0 47.4 45.6 39.1 7.4 3.1 39.7 3.9 3.3

.. .. 53.0 41.3 9.9 2.5 45.5

68.3 3,240 .. 17.5 7.3

69.7 3,585 .. 108.6 44.0

41.8 3,242

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

170

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

53 9 37.1 2.9 45.8 10.8 3.9

6.4

84.1 26.6

Portugal High income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

Highincome group 2007

10.2 5.2 3.9 11,590 4.2 3.8 27.6 17.1 68.6 2.8 1.1 29.8 40.6

10.6 5.6 8.0 18,950 0.9 2.7 24.5 14.7 72.9 2.8 0.7 32.9 40.1

.. .. .. .. .. .. 34 7.0 2.7

48 6 6 95.0 2.0 43.6 25 7.3 4.4

.. .. .. .. ..

3.3 52.1 9.5 5.7 12.7

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. 5.9 27.1 ..

.. 2.5 21.7 ..

.. 4.1 20.8 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–2.4 .. 106.4 88.5 5.8 2.2 131.5 1.9 2.8

–2.6 70.9 .. .. 6.2 0.8 169.0 .. ..

–1.0 44.0 99.4 .. 6.5 1.4 163.2

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

86.0 4,014 .. 65.2 16.4

86.0 4,799 .. 126.8 40.1

87.0 9,675

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

1,056 516 5.5 37,572 2.4 1.4 26.2 16.9 72.4

27.3 28.1

21 7 35.9 2.1 40.3 11.8 7.7

4.0

100.4 65.7

171

Puerto Rico High income Highincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

3.8 1.4 10.1 10,560 4.4 0.9 41.3 38.3 57.8 .. .. 75.2 98.0

3.9 1.5 10.9 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. 20 .. ..

35 7 7 0.0 3.8 64.7 19 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. 4.1 20.8 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

–1.0 44.0 99.4 .. 6.5 1.4 163.2

94.0 .. .. 24.3 10.5

95.0 .. .. 85.7 25.4

87.0 9,675

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

172

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,056 516 5.5 37,572 2.4 1.4 26.2 16.9 72.4

27.3 28.1

21 7 35.9 2.1 40.3 11.8 7.7

4.0

100.4 65.7

Qatar High income Highincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

0.62 0.33 3.9 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1.7 3.6 67.3 22.3

0.84 0.51 .. .. 8.4 .. .. .. .. 13.8 3.6 58.1 37.4

.. .. .. .. .. .. 0 .. ..

37 6 6 69.0 2.8 11.3 0 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. .. 19.5 ..

.. .. 42.5 ..

.. 4.1 20.8 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. 26.8 .. ..

9.9 .. 55.5 38.3 .. .. 41.6 –15.5 3.0

–1.0 44.0 99.4 .. 6.5 1.4 163.2

90.0 13,784 .. 19.6 4.9

.. 17,181 .. 151.2 42.0

87.0 9,675

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

1,056 516 5.5 37,572 2.4 1.4 26.2 16.9 72.4

27.3 28.1

21 7 35.9 2.1 40.3 11.8 7.7

4.0

100.4 65.7

173

Romania Europe & Central Asia

Upper middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

22.4 11.6 7.1 1,690 –2.1 12.5 36.4 14.5 51.1 45.7 2.2 32.9 38.5

21.5 9.7 6.4 6,390 6.1 9.0 36.1 22.0 55.0 4.8 2.4 31.3 43.7

Upper middleincome group 2007 824 378 8.7 7,107 4.3 5.8 33.4 18.8 60.8

29.7 28.5

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

.. .. .. .. .. .. 25 5.2 2.3

47 10 6 8.0 3.3 48.0 16 11.9 6.7

8.5 37.7 13.3 27.8 19.6

1.1 27.1 23.2 23.0 16.8

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

1,901 2.8 18.9 ..

4,461 5.7 29.4 25.9

71,663 3.9 21.0 17.3

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–2.0 .. 11.7 17.4 8.6 3.3 7.2 6.7 20.7

–2.4 .. 29.5 26.6 7.3 9.7 35.8 2.3 6.6

.. .. 53.0 41.3 9.9 2.5 45.5

49.5 1,988 .. 11.1 3.6

30.2 2,402 .. 106.2 23.9

41.8 3,242

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

174

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

53 9 37.1 2.9 45.8 10.8 3.9

6.4

84.1 26.6

Russian Federation Europe & Central Asia

Upper middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

146.3 72.4 9.8 1,710 1.2 6.4 37.9 17.6 55.6 20.8 28.1 44.1 24.0

142.1 75.8 6.1 7,530 6.6 4.8 38.5 19.0 56.8 9.0 25.6 30.5 21.8

Upper middleincome group 2007 824 378 8.7 7,107 4.3 5.8 33.4 18.8 60.8

29.7 28.5

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

.. .. .. .. .. .. 35 14.0 2.2

120 29 8 17.0 3.8 48.7 24 15.0 4.9

8.7 53.5 5.7 19.9 18.5

6.3 58.0 10.2 16.1 9.3

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

1,939 1.0 16.9 15.1

18,985 4.3 21.1 17.8

71,663 3.9 21.0 17.3

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

7.0 49.0 .. .. 12.1 7.7 13.3 –9.6 17.9

6.2 7.2 .. .. 13.3 2.5 39.0 –3.1 4.9

.. .. 53.0 41.3 9.9 2.5 45.5

67.4 5,209 .. 2.2 2.0

80.9 6,122 .. 114.9 21.1

41.8 3,242

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

53 9 37.1 2.9 45.8 10.8 3.9

6.4

84.1 26.6

175

Rwanda Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

Lowincome group 2007

8.2 3.6 .. 240 10.1 37.2 13.6 7.0 49.2 4.3 389.7 8.7 25.7

9.7 4.4 .. 320 5.8 39.8 14.2 6.1 46.0 9.1 547.0 10.0 28.3

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

139 14 8 26.0 .. 33.7 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

5.9 4.9 15.9 18.2 10.8

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

8 0.5 18.3 12.1

114 2.0 21.2 12.4

17,365 4.2 23.7 14.4

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 10.6 12.1 8.1 57.0 10.4 20.6 6.9

.. .. 12.7 14.7 9.2 27.2 12.2 6.4 9.1

.. .. 32.6 24.3 .. .. 31.2

8.3 .. .. 0.5 0.1

19.0 .. 13.7 6.5 1.1

12.1 309

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

176

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,296 543 .. 574 5.6 25.0 29.6 15.6 45.5

32.0 38.3

49 10 63.7 3.6 68.4 18.2 0.4

10.3

21.5 5.2

Samoa East Asia & Pacific

Lower middle income Lower middleincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

0.17 0.06 4.9 1,390 3.3 16.8 26.0 14.8 57.2 1.0 3.3 33.8 57.2

0.18 0.07 .. 2,700 3.9 11.6 27.5 13.2 60.9 5.6 2.6 27.0 48.2

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

64 35 9 9.0 2.5 18.9 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

10 –0.7 .. ..

.. 0.5 .. ..

67,651 3.5 33.2 13.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 31.7 32.6 .. .. 30.6 8.0 4.5

.. .. 38.2 39.3 .. .. 41.3 8.9 6.2

–1.1 .. 81.4 46.4 9.5 3.9 74.7

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

14.2 .. .. 1.4 0.6

.. .. .. 47.4 4.4

39.0 1,269

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

3,435 1,662 5.7 1,905 8.0 12.6 41.3 24.9 46.1

37.0 33.1

35 9 52.0 3.5 42.9 8.6 1.0

7.3

38.9 12.4

177

San Marino High income Highincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1.1 .. ..

0.03 .. .. 46,770 3.9 .. .. .. .. .. 0.7 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. 4.1 20.8 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

1.3 16.5 .. .. .. .. 133.1 6.5 6.6

5.4 51.1 .. .. .. .. .. 5.8 5.0

–1.0 44.0 99.4 .. 6.5 1.4 163.2

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. 57.2 51.0

87.0 9,675

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

178

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,056 516 5.5 37,572 2.4 1.4 26.2 16.9 72.4

27.3 28.1

21 7 35.9 2.1 40.3 11.8 7.7

4.0

100.4 65.7

São Tomé and Principe Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income Lowincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

0.14 0.16 0.04 0.05 .. 16.7 .. 870 .. 6.7 19.7 16.8 16.9 20.5 5.7 6.4 63.5 62.7 .. .. 7,978.2 13,536.8 .. .. .. ..

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

1,296 543 .. 574 5.6 25.0 29.6 15.6 45.5

32.0 38.3

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

176 144 10 91.0 .. 47.2 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

2 3.9 .. ..

50 24.4 .. ..

17,365 4.2 23.7 14.4

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. 4.3 25.7 18.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. 31.6 10.1 19.6

.. .. 32.6 24.3 .. .. 31.2

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

68.1 .. .. 0.0 4.6

.. .. .. 19.0 14.6

12.1 309

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

49 10 63.7 3.6 68.4 18.2 0.4

10.3

21.5 5.2

179

Saudi Arabia High income Highincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

20.7 6.9 4.6 8,140 2.3 4.9 53.9 9.7 41.1 –1.1 3.8 43.7 24.9

24.2 8.7 5.6 15,470 4.1 2.8 65.4 9.5 31.8 4.2 3.7 65.5 38.1

.. .. .. .. .. .. 0 .. ..

16 12 7 80.0 1.5 14.5 0 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. –1.0 17.5 ..

.. –2.1 20.0 ..

.. 4.1 20.8 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 40.6 15.3 9.6 10.4 52.5 .. ..

.. .. 48.3 19.2 9.9 2.1 40.4 .. ..

–1.0 44.0 99.4 .. 6.5 1.4 163.2

29.9 5,666 .. 6.7 2.2

21.5 7,080 .. 117.5 26.4

87.0 9,675

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

180

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,056 516 5.5 37,572 2.4 1.4 26.2 16.9 72.4

27.3 28.1

21 7 35.9 2.1 40.3 11.8 7.7

4.0

100.4 65.7

Senegal Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

Lowincome group 2007

10.3 4.3 .. 490 4.4 19.1 23.2 14.7 57.6 0.7 712.0 27.9 37.2

12.4 5.3 .. 830 4.5 14.1 23.4 14.4 62.5 5.9 479.3 23.8 44.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. 35 6.3 0.0

149 8 4 38.0 3.0 46.0 .. 2.3 0.0

.. .. .. .. ..

2.9 18.7 19.8 9.4 6.1

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

79 1.3 22.4 17.9

567 0.7 32.5 19.9

17,365 4.2 23.7 14.4

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–0.9 73.7 19.6 17.1 9.9 18.1 18.7 .. ..

.. .. 24.2 24.4 10.4 18.6 23.0 .. ..

.. .. 32.6 24.3 .. .. 31.2

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

29.3 97 .. 2.4 0.4

29.3 150 11.8 29.3 6.6

12.1 309

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

1,296 543 .. 574 5.6 25.0 29.6 15.6 45.5

32.0 38.3

49 10 63.7 3.6 68.4 18.2 0.4

10.3

21.5 5.2

181

Serbia Europe & Central Asia

Upper middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

7.5 .. .. 1,470 0.0 20.6 31.4 .. 48.1 71.1 63.2 23.0 39.1

7.4 3.1 18.1 4,540 5.6 13.0 28.4 .. 58.6 6.4 58.5 29.4 51.5

Upper middleincome group 2007 824 378 8.7 7,107 4.3 5.8 33.4 18.8 60.8

29.7 28.5

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

94 23 11 25.0 2.7 34.0 10 13.0 1.6

10.9 42.5 8.4 0.0 9.4

8.1 61.1 16.7 16.8 11.7

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

345 0.3 12.3 9.5

495 7.8 20.9 16.2

71,663 3.9 21.0 17.3

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. 18.3 21.6 47.5 –41.3 30.4

.. .. .. .. 17.1 3.8 34.2 4.1 7.1

.. .. 53.0 41.3 9.9 2.5 45.5

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

62.7 4,199 .. 17.3 5.3

.. 4,040 .. 114.5 20.3

41.8 3,242

182

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

53 9 37.1 2.9 45.8 10.8 3.9

6.4

84.1 26.6

Seychelles Sub-Saharan Africa

Upper middle income Upper middleincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

0.08 .. 9.8 7,420 6.6 3.0 29.0 19.2 68.0 6.3 5.7 78.2 81.4

0.09 .. 5.5 8,960 –0.2 3.0 28.4 17.0 68.6 5.3 6.7 136.4 180.4

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

104 38 9 39.0 .. 46.6 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

7 4.0 25.2 13.8

15 34.2 41.6 35.2

71,663 3.9 21.0 17.3

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–13.9 .. 90.2 80.7 .. .. 22.3 9.4 6.0

–7.5 .. 104.5 105.4 .. .. 40.7 3.4 7.8

.. .. 53.0 41.3 9.9 2.5 45.5

84.5 .. .. 32.0 7.4

96.0 .. .. 90.9 37.6

41.8 3,242

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

824 378 8.7 7,107 4.3 5.8 33.4 18.8 60.8

29.7 28.5

53 9 37.1 2.9 45.8 10.8 3.9

6.4

84.1 26.6

183

Sierra Leone Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income Lowincome group 2007

Country data 2000

2007

Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.5 5.8 Labor force (millions) 1.7 2.2 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. 3.4 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 140 260 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) –5.0 11.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 58.4 44.7 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.4 24.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 3.5 3.7 Services value added (% of GDP) 13.3 30.9 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) –0.8 11.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2,092.1 2,985.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 18.1 20.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 39.3 28.3 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

1,296 543 .. 574 5.6 25.0 29.6 15.6 45.5

32.0 38.3

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

156 17 7 189.0 2.6 233.5 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

3 6.1 6.9 1.7

27 5.7 13.4 9.9

17,365 4.2 23.7 14.4

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–9.3 247.4 7.3 8.5 18.5 37.9 2.1 19.0 17.0

–2.5 .. 9.7 11.9 17.7 31.7 5.3 13.3 15.0

.. .. 32.6 24.3 .. .. 31.2

7.9 .. .. 0.3 0.1

.. .. .. 13.3 0.2

12.1 309

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

184

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

49 10 63.7 3.6 68.4 18.2 0.4

10.3

21.5 5.2

Singapore High income Highincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

4.0 2.1 6.0 22,970 5.7 0.1 35.6 27.7 64.3 1.4 1.7 191.5 176.4

4.6 2.4 4.0 32,340 5.8 0.1 31.1 25.5 68.8 2.1 1.5 230.9 202.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. 26 10.0 2.8

1 4 4 4.0 0.8 27.9 20 19.4 7.5

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. 17.8 30.6 22.5

.. 15.0 24.9 17.1

.. 4.1 20.8 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

11.4 86.9 117.0 109.8 10.0 3.4 109.5 2.0 4.1

12.5 86.7 110.5 111.1 9.3 1.8 99.9 1.2 4.8

–1.0 44.0 99.4 .. 6.5 1.4 163.2

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

100.0 7,575 .. 68.2 32.3

100.0 8,520 .. 129.1 65.7

87.0 9,675

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

1,056 516 5.5 37,572 2.4 1.4 26.2 16.9 72.4

27.3 28.1

21 7 35.9 2.1 40.3 11.8 7.7

4.0

100.4 65.7

185

Slovak Republic High income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

5.4 2.6 18.8 3,850 3.8 4.5 36.2 24.7 59.3 12.0 46.0 70.5 73.0

5.4 2.7 11.0 11,720 6.0 2.9 36.0 21.7 61.2 2.8 24.7 86.5 87.5

Highincome group 2007 1,056 516 5.5 37,572 2.4 1.4 26.2 16.9 72.4

27.3 28.1

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

.. .. .. .. .. .. 29 8.1 1.7

36 16 6 13.0 4.0 47.4 19 11.8 4.1

6.3 38.6 9.4 13.1 18.8

3.0 29.1 13.2 6.0 10.0

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

963 10.1 25.8 23.8

495 4.5 26.1 22.1

.. 4.1 20.8 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 81.1 54.3 4.6 13.7 51.1 5.0 6.4

–1.8 31.3 52.4 48.1 10.6 2.5 42.4 6.8 4.3

–1.0 44.0 99.4 .. 6.5 1.4 163.2

87.0 4,956 .. 23.1 9.4

87.0 5,136 .. 112.4 55.9

87.0 9,675

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

186

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

21 7 35.9 2.1 40.3 11.8 7.7

4.0

100.4 65.7

Slovenia High income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

2.0 0.97 7.2 11,090 4.4 3.3 35.8 25.8 60.9 8.9 1.1 53.9 57.4

2.0 1.0 4.6 21,510 4.3 2.4 34.4 23.4 63.3 3.6 0.7 70.2 71.5

Highincome group 2007 1,056 516 5.5 37,572 2.4 1.4 26.2 16.9 72.4

27.3 28.1

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

.. .. .. .. .. .. 25 4.0 1.2

54 19 5 37.0 2.0 36.7 23 10.5 3.5

4.1 15.6 10.6 14.2 30.3

3.7 14.5 29.6 13.8 20.2

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. 0.7 26.1 57.3

.. 3.1 27.5 59.1

.. 4.1 20.8 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–1.1 22.2 43.6 41.2 10.1 6.5 35.9 9.9 5.7

–0.7 .. 70.0 51.9 8.4 2.5 79.0 1.7 2.3

–1.0 44.0 99.4 .. 6.5 1.4 163.2

100.0 5,778 .. 61.1 15.1

100.0 7,124 .. 95.6 52.6

87.0 9,675

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

21 7 35.9 2.1 40.3 11.8 7.7

4.0

100.4 65.7

187

Solomon Islands East Asia & Pacific

Low income Lowincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

0.42 0.17 31.9 690 –1.9 30.8 10.2 5.2 59.0 7.9 5.1 38.1 44.1

0.50 0.20 .. 750 4.1 33.5 8.7 3.8 57.8 7.7 7.7 48.7 41.2

.. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. ..

89 57 7 44.0 1.0 36.3 30 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. 4.4 21.7 17.1

5 10.9 35.3 17.2

17,365 4.2 23.7 14.4

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 23.5 24.1 .. .. 22.2 3.5 12.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. 36.1 7.6 13.4

.. .. 32.6 24.3 .. .. 31.2

2.4 .. .. 0.3 0.5

.. .. .. 2.2 1.7

12.1 309

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

188

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,296 543 .. 574 5.6 25.0 29.6 15.6 45.5

32.0 38.3

49 10 63.7 3.6 68.4 18.2 0.4

10.3

21.5 5.2

Somalia Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income Lowincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

7.1 2.8 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

8.7 3.4 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

1 .. .. ..

1 .. .. ..

17,365 4.2 23.7 14.4

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. 32.6 24.3 .. .. 31.2

11.8 .. .. 1.1 0.2

.. .. .. 6.9 1.1

12.1 309

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

1,296 543 .. 574 5.6 25.0 29.6 15.6 45.5

32.0 38.3

49 10 63.7 3.6 68.4 18.2 0.4

10.3

21.5 5.2

189

South Africa Sub-Saharan Africa

Upper middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

Upper middleincome group 2007

44.0 15.6 26.7 3,050 2.5 3.3 31.8 19.0 64.9 5.3 6.9 27.9 24.9

47.9 17.4 23.0 5,720 4.3 3.2 31.3 18.2 65.5 7.1 7.0 31.6 34.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. 30 5.8 1.1

32 22 6 24.0 2.0 34.2 28 7.5 1.4

.. .. .. .. ..

9.2 3.1 24.2 15.8 42.4

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

1,891 0.7 15.1 12.4

1,217 2.0 20.6 17.9

71,663 3.9 21.0 17.3

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–2.0 45.3 70.7 50.1 8.7 3.1 133.7 5.2 5.3

1.7 .. 81.3 59.8 7.9 1.4 164.3 3.9 4.0

.. .. 53.0 41.3 9.9 2.5 45.5

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

20.3 4,417 .. 19.0 5.5

.. 4,810 2.2 88.4 8.3

41.8 3,242

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

190

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

824 378 8.7 7,107 4.3 5.8 33.4 18.8 60.8

29.7 28.5

53 9 37.1 2.9 45.8 10.8 3.9

6.4

84.1 26.6

Spain High income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

Highincome group 2007

40.3 18.3 13.9 15,420 4.2 4.4 29.2 18.6 66.4 3.4 1.1 29.0 32.2

44.9 22.0 8.3 29,290 3.4 2.9 30.3 16.0 66.8 2.8 0.7 26.2 32.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. 35 7.8 4.2

49 47 10 56.0 1.0 60.2 33 6.0 5.3

.. .. .. .. ..

0.8 14.3 32.2 10.1 21.3

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. 6.7 25.8 ..

.. 4.2 31.1 ..

.. 4.1 20.8 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–0.5 58.9 105.6 58.1 8.5 1.2 97.7 1.7 2.2

2.6 35.4 .. .. 7.0 0.7 182.7 .. ..

–1.0 44.0 99.4 .. 6.5 1.4 163.2

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

99.0 5,207 .. 60.3 13.6

99.0 6,206 .. 107.9 51.3

87.0 9,675

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

1,056 516 5.5 37,572 2.4 1.4 26.2 16.9 72.4

27.3 28.1

21 7 35.9 2.1 40.3 11.8 7.7

4.0

100.4 65.7

191

Sri Lanka South Asia

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

Lower middleincome group 2007

18.7 7.9 7.6 880 5.1 19.9 27.3 16.8 52.8 6.2 77.0 39.0 49.6

20.0 9.0 6.0 1,540 5.3 11.7 29.9 18.5 58.4 15.8 110.6 29.2 39.5

.. .. .. .. .. .. 35 .. 0.2

102 38 4 169.0 1.7 63.7 35 .. 0.3

.. .. .. .. ..

3.5 2.7 16.2 83.4 ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

160 1.1 28.0 24.8

387 1.9 24.7 20.0

67,651 3.5 33.2 13.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–8.4 96.9 32.1 31.1 4.4 15.3 28.8 8.3 7.0

–6.5 85.0 38.6 32.3 6.7 9.6 33.3 2.7 8.0

–1.1 .. 81.4 46.4 9.5 3.9 74.7

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

85.8 298 .. 2.3 0.6

81.0 400 .. 39.9 3.9

39.0 1,269

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

192

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

3,435 1,662 5.7 1,905 8.0 12.6 41.3 24.9 46.1

37.0 33.1

35 9 52.0 3.5 42.9 8.6 1.0

7.3

38.9 12.4

St. Kitts and Nevis Latin America & Caribbean

Upper middle income Upper middleincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

0.04 .. .. 6,490 4.3 2.7 28.8 10.4 68.5 2.0 2.7 45.6 75.6

0.05 .. .. 9,990 3.9 2.6 26.1 9.1 71.3 4.4 2.7 43.6 56.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

67 45 8 13.0 .. 52.7 35 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

4 29.2 49.6 39.3

1 27.1 41.2 42.1

71,663 3.9 21.0 17.3

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 117.3 108.6 .. .. 76.6 5.7 6.8

–3.3 94.6 140.0 138.6 .. .. 71.6 6.1 4.7

.. .. 53.0 41.3 9.9 2.5 45.5

42.5 .. .. 2.7 6.1

.. .. .. 21.3 30.7

41.8 3,242

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

824 378 8.7 7,107 4.3 5.8 33.4 18.8 60.8

29.7 28.5

53 9 37.1 2.9 45.8 10.8 3.9

6.4

84.1 26.6

193

St. Lucia Latin America & Caribbean

Upper middle income Upper middleincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

0.16 0.07 16.5 3,910 3.0 6.5 18.2 5.0 75.3 3.6 2.7 57.2 67.7

0.17 0.08 21.0 5,520 3.7 4.0 20.8 6.2 75.2 2.5 2.7 55.2 69.5

.. .. .. .. .. .. 33 .. ..

34 20 6 56.0 2.0 34.0 30 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

15 8.2 27.6 17.7

19 26.6 29.8 18.4

71,663 3.9 21.0 17.3

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 84.4 70.8 .. .. 83.3 5.5 8.3

.. .. 119.9 93.0 .. .. 116.8 6.1 7.0

.. .. 53.0 41.3 9.9 2.5 45.5

.. .. .. 1.6 5.1

.. .. .. 64.1 65.5

41.8 3,242

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

194

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

824 378 8.7 7,107 4.3 5.8 33.4 18.8 60.8

29.7 28.5

53 9 37.1 2.9 45.8 10.8 3.9

6.4

84.1 26.6

St. Vincent & Grenadines Latin America & Caribbean

Upper middle income Upper middleincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

0.12 0.05 .. 2,740 5.7 10.8 24.0 6.0 65.2 0.2 2.7 53.6 59.9

0.12 0.06 .. 4,210 4.4 8.1 24.7 5.7 67.2 7.0 2.7 42.6 67.4

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

66 12 8 54.0 .. 42.6 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. 11.3 27.4 20.3

35 16.6 32.1 27.8

71,663 3.9 21.0 17.3

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 76.8 85.7 .. .. 65.5 12.5 6.9

.. .. 73.9 69.8 .. .. 59.7 4.5 6.8

.. .. 53.0 41.3 9.9 2.5 45.5

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

68.0 .. .. 2.0 3.0

70.0 .. .. 91.8 47.4

41.8 3,242

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

824 378 8.7 7,107 4.3 5.8 33.4 18.8 60.8

29.7 28.5

53 9 37.1 2.9 45.8 10.8 3.9

6.4

84.1 26.6

195

Sudan Sub-Saharan Africa

Lower middle income Lower middleincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

33.3 10.0 .. 330 6.2 41.7 21.5 8.6 36.8 6.9 2.6 15.3 17.7

38.6 11.9 .. 950 7.1 28.3 30.7 6.1 41.0 8.0 2.0 20.1 23.9

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

147 39 10 118.0 .. 31.6 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

12 3.2 12.1 9.7

599 5.2 20.3 13.0

67,651 3.5 33.2 13.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–0.4 8.7 2.1 5.3 .. .. 2.2 .. ..

.. .. 13.3 14.3 .. .. 12.6 .. ..

–1.1 .. 81.4 46.4 9.5 3.9 74.7

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

36.3 62 .. 0.1 0.0

.. 95 .. 21.3 9.1

39.0 1,269

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

196

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

3,435 1,662 5.7 1,905 8.0 12.6 41.3 24.9 46.1

37.0 33.1

35 9 52.0 3.5 42.9 8.6 1.0

7.3

38.9 12.4

Suriname Latin America & Caribbean

Upper middle income Upper middleincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

0.44 0.15 13.2 2,060 1.7 11.2 25.2 9.0 63.7 59.4 1.3 19.7 33.2

0.46 0.17 .. 4,730 5.9 5.2 35.7 14.2 59.1 6.7 2.7 30.7 45.6

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

146 694 13 26.0 5.0 27.9 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. –16.6 12.4 9.8

60 –11.0 25.1 19.8

71,663 3.9 21.0 17.3

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 12.3 17.6 .. .. 8.4 –16.7 13.5

.. .. 26.5 48.2 .. .. 26.2 13.0 7.3

.. .. 53.0 41.3 9.9 2.5 45.5

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

26.0 .. .. 9.4 2.7

26.3 .. .. 70.3 9.6

41.8 3,242

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

824 378 8.7 7,107 4.3 5.8 33.4 18.8 60.8

29.7 28.5

53 9 37.1 2.9 45.8 10.8 3.9

6.4

84.1 26.6

197

Swaziland Sub-Saharan Africa

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

Lower middleincome group 2007

1.0 0.41 22.5 1,600 4.3 12.5 45.0 39.5 42.6 12.2 6.9 76.1 90.1

1.1 0.46 .. 2,560 2.6 7.3 49.4 44.4 43.3 5.3 7.0 79.9 81.2

.. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. ..

108 61 13 53.0 2.0 36.6 30 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

4.4 3.3 7.7 16.9 22.1

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

5 6.1 17.4 11.5

4 1.3 13.0 12.9

67,651 3.5 33.2 13.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 13.2 19.6 .. .. 12.8 13.8 7.5

–2.8 .. 22.6 19.5 22.9 4.0 25.4 3.9 6.1

–1.1 .. 81.4 46.4 9.5 3.9 74.7

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

30.0 .. .. 3.2 1.0

.. .. 2.5 33.1 3.7

39.0 1,269

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

198

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

3,435 1,662 5.7 1,905 8.0 12.6 41.3 24.9 46.1

37.0 33.1

35 9 52.0 3.5 42.9 8.6 1.0

7.3

38.9 12.4

Sweden High income Highincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

8.9 4.6 5.8 29,280 3.4 2.0 28.6 .. 69.4 0.9 9.2 46.6 40.3

9.1 4.9 6.1 47,870 3.0 1.5 28.8 .. 69.7 2.2 6.8 52.4 44.8

.. .. .. .. .. .. 28 7.5 3.6

17 15 3 26.0 2.0 54.5 28 8.6 4.7

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. 9.0 17.6 ..

.. 2.7 18.9 ..

.. 4.1 20.8 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

0.5 60.7 46.4 0.1 6.5 1.6 42.6 4.3 3.7

.. 47.4 124.5 49.3 4.0 0.5 123.7 2.4 2.5

–1.0 44.0 99.4 .. 6.5 1.4 163.2

77.5 15,687 .. 71.8 45.6

58.2 15,231 .. 113.4 79.7

87.0 9,675

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

1,056 516 5.5 37,572 2.4 1.4 26.2 16.9 72.4

27.3 28.1

21 7 35.9 2.1 40.3 11.8 7.7

4.0

100.4 65.7

199

Switzerland High income Highincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

7.2 4.0 2.7 40,280 2.0 1.6 27.3 .. 71.1 1.5 1.7 46.5 40.7

7.6 4.2 3.6 60,820 1.8 1.2 27.5 .. 71.2 0.7 1.2 52.5 44.9

.. .. .. .. .. .. 45 12.7 3.3

21 20 6 13.0 3.0 28.9 9 11.3 3.6

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. 7.9 22.7 ..

.. 11.7 21.3 ..

.. 4.1 20.8 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

2.2 25.6 172.9 129.4 6.0 4.1 158.5 3.1 1.3

0.6 25.4 179.8 134.7 4.9 0.3 177.6 1.7 1.0

–1.0 44.0 99.4 .. 6.5 1.4 163.2

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

.. 7,847 .. 64.6 47.9

100.0 8,360 .. 108.7 76.3

87.0 9,675

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

200

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,056 516 5.5 37,572 2.4 1.4 26.2 16.9 72.4

27.3 28.1

21 7 35.9 2.1 40.3 11.8 7.7

4.0

100.4 65.7

Syrian Arab Republic Middle East & North Africa

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

Lower middleincome group 2007

16.5 4.8 2.3 960 2.2 23.8 37.9 6.5 38.3 –3.8 11.2 35.4 28.6

19.9 6.4 10.3 1,780 4.5 18.1 35.0 11.7 46.9 3.9 11.2 41.4 40.5

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 9.2 0.0

137 17 8 80.0 4.1 43.5 .. 9.5 0.0

.. .. .. .. ..

10.3 68.8 2.9 61.8 7.4

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

161 1.4 17.3 6.3

59 1.8 23.3 12.8

67,651 3.5 33.2 13.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 33.6 32.6 .. .. 8.3 –0.6 5.0

.. .. 32.1 40.1 .. .. 16.2 6.5 1.8

–1.1 .. 81.4 46.4 9.5 3.9 74.7

100.0 1,058 .. 0.2 0.2

100.0 1,466 .. 31.3 17.4

39.0 1,269

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

3,435 1,662 5.7 1,905 8.0 12.6 41.3 24.9 46.1

37.0 33.1

35 9 52.0 3.5 42.9 8.6 1.0

7.3

38.9 12.4

201

Tajikistan Europe & Central Asia

Low income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

6.2 1.8 .. 160 1.1 27.4 38.9 33.7 33.7 38.6 2.1 98.8 100.9

6.7 2.6 .. 460 8.8 21.4 27.5 20.0 51.0 13.1 3.4 20.7 66.4

Lowincome group 2007 1,296 543 .. 574 5.6 25.0 29.6 15.6 45.5

32.0 38.3

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.1

159 49 13 22.0 3.0 85.5 .. .. 0.2

5.6 82.4 2.3 12.7 12.1

11.7 33.0 21.4 28.3 16.7

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

9 2.7 9.5 2.8

11 9.7 21.1 7.0

17,365 4.2 23.7 14.4

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–0.8 114.1 11.9 2.8 .. .. 13.8 2.4 24.3

–6.6 .. 19.5 7.4 .. .. 28.9 –3.9 14.4

.. .. 32.6 24.3 .. .. 31.2

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

.. 2,177 .. 0.0 0.0

.. 2,241 8.6 34.9 7.2

12.1 309

202

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

49 10 63.7 3.6 68.4 18.2 0.4

10.3

21.5 5.2

Tanzania Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

2007

33.8 40.4 16.7 19.9 5.1 4.7 260 410 3.9 6.7 45.0 45.3 15.7 17.4 7.5 6.9 39.2 37.3 5.9 7.0 800.4 1,245.0 16.8 21.9 24.2 27.8

Lowincome group 2007 1,296 543 .. 574 5.6 25.0 29.6 15.6 45.5

32.0 38.3

.. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. 0.2

127 29 12 18.0 3.0 45.1 30 6.6 0.2

.. .. .. .. ..

4.0 14.7 6.8 44.3 14.7

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

61 5.1 17.4 11.4

436 4.0 16.6 9.9

17,365 4.2 23.7 14.4

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. 4.6 13.1 14.2

.. .. .. .. .. .. 15.5 9.5 7.3

.. .. 32.6 24.3 .. .. 31.2

4.2 58 .. 0.3 0.1

8.6 59 12.0 20.6 1.0

12.1 309

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

49 10 63.7 3.6 68.4 18.2 0.4

10.3

21.5 5.2

203

Thailand East Asia & Pacific

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

Lower middleincome group 2007

60.7 34.2 2.4 2,010 –0.7 9.0 42.0 33.6 49.0 1.6 40.1 66.8 58.1

63.8 36.6 1.2 3,400 5.3 11.4 43.9 34.8 44.7 2.2 34.5 73.3 65.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. 30 8.2 0.4

13 33 8 54.0 2.7 37.8 30 8.5 0.6

.. .. .. .. ..

0.4 .. 74.4 27.9 39.0

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

1,377 2.7 22.0 13.8

1,050 3.9 26.8 19.9

67,651 3.5 33.2 13.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 131.6 103.3 7.5 17.7 108.3 6.4 4.5

0.1 26.2 101.6 91.8 9.5 7.9 92.4 3.7 4.2

–1.1 .. 81.4 46.4 9.5 3.9 74.7

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

98.5 1,503 .. 5.0 3.8

.. 2,080 1.5 123.9 21.0

39.0 1,269

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

204

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

3,435 1,662 5.7 1,905 8.0 12.6 41.3 24.9 46.1

37.0 33.1

35 9 52.0 3.5 42.9 8.6 1.0

7.3

38.9 12.4

Timor-Leste East Asia & Pacific

Lower middle income Lower middleincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

0.78 0.27 .. 350 .. 25.8 18.5 2.8 55.7 .. 180.1 .. ..

1.1 0.41 .. 1,510 0.9 .. .. .. .. 10.3 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

170 83 10 17.0 .. 28.3 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. .. 21.8 7.7

.. .. .. ..

67,651 3.5 33.2 13.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. 2.2 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. 25.4 2.5 14.3

–1.1 .. 81.4 46.4 9.5 3.9 74.7

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. 7.4 0.1

39.0 1,269

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

3,435 1,662 5.7 1,905 8.0 12.6 41.3 24.9 46.1

37.0 33.1

35 9 52.0 3.5 42.9 8.6 1.0

7.3

38.9 12.4

205

Togo Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income Lowincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

5.4 2.1 .. 270 4.2 34.2 17.8 8.4 47.9 1.9 712.0 30.7 50.7

6.6 2.6 .. 360 2.6 43.7 24.0 10.1 32.4 1.0 479.3 41.9 62.5

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

163 53 13 36.0 3.0 48.2 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

68 3.2 17.8 14.8

590 2.8 22.3 19.5

17,365 4.2 23.7 14.4

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 17.0 14.8 .. .. 15.6 .. ..

–0.8 .. 21.5 23.9 .. .. 21.3 .. ..

.. .. 32.6 24.3 .. .. 31.2

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

31.6 87 .. 0.9 1.9

.. 97 .. 18.1 5.0

12.1 309

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

206

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,296 543 .. 574 5.6 25.0 29.6 15.6 45.5

32.0 38.3

49 10 63.7 3.6 68.4 18.2 0.4

10.3

21.5 5.2

Tonga East Asia & Pacific

Lower middle income Lower middleincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

0.10 0.04 .. 1,640 1.7 28.0 16.2 5.1 55.8 6.3 1.8 14.9 51.8

0.10 0.04 5.2 2,480 1.2 27.5 12.6 2.5 59.9 5.9 2.0 16.3 60.6

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

43 25 4 0.0 2.7 27.5 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

7 3.0 17.9 ..

10 10.8 16.1 ..

67,651 3.5 33.2 13.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 55.1 40.3 .. .. 62.1 9.8 6.0

.. .. 58.9 45.9 .. .. 65.1 5.8 5.4

–1.1 .. 81.4 46.4 9.5 3.9 74.7

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

27.0 .. .. 0.2 2.4

.. .. .. 45.5 8.2

39.0 1,269

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

3,435 1,662 5.7 1,905 8.0 12.6 41.3 24.9 46.1

37.0 33.1

35 9 52.0 3.5 42.9 8.6 1.0

7.3

38.9 12.4

207

Trinidad and Tobago High income Highincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

1.3 0.59 12.1 5,170 5.0 1.4 49.5 7.3 49.1 3.6 6.3 59.1 45.5

1.3 0.69 6.5 14,480 8.8 0.4 59.1 5.7 40.5 7.9 6.3 57.6 37.1

.. .. .. .. .. .. 35 .. ..

80 43 9 67.0 .. 33.1 25 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

120 8.3 20.0 14.3

229 8.3 13.4 19.2

.. 4.1 20.8 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

2.0 .. 35.4 48.1 .. .. 43.5 3.2 8.3

1.8 .. 32.7 39.4 .. .. 33.8 7.6 5.9

–1.0 44.0 99.4 .. 6.5 1.4 163.2

51.1 3,891 .. 12.4 7.7

.. 5,006 .. 113.3 16.0

87.0 9,675

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

208

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,056 516 5.5 37,572 2.4 1.4 26.2 16.9 72.4

27.3 28.1

21 7 35.9 2.1 40.3 11.8 7.7

4.0

100.4 65.7

Tunisia Middle East & North Africa

Lower middle income Lower middleincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

9.6 3.2 15.7 2,090 5.5 12.3 28.6 18.2 59.1 2.9 1.4 44.5 48.2

10.2 3.7 14.2 3,210 4.8 10.3 29.6 17.2 60.0 3.1 1.3 54.1 56.5

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 12.9 0.9

73 11 10 17.0 1.3 59.1 .. 10.5 1.0

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

261 3.9 26.0 13.7

916 4.6 23.6 12.3

67,651 3.5 33.2 13.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–2.7 62.6 57.8 45.3 7.5 21.6 66.3 .. ..

–2.2 50.9 63.9 49.7 7.7 17.3 64.3 .. ..

–1.1 .. 81.4 46.4 9.5 3.9 74.7

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

68.4 991 .. 1.2 2.7

65.8 1,221 .. 76.7 16.8

39.0 1,269

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

3,435 1,662 5.7 1,905 8.0 12.6 41.3 24.9 46.1

37.0 33.1

35 9 52.0 3.5 42.9 8.6 1.0

7.3

38.9 12.4

209

Turkey Europe & Central Asia

Upper middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

67.4 23.7 6.5 3,930 3.5 11.3 31.5 22.5 57.2 54.9 0.6 20.1 23.1

73.9 24.2 9.9 8,030 5.9 8.7 28.3 19.2 63.0 8.8 1.3 22.0 27.1

Upper middleincome group 2007 824 378 8.7 7,107 4.3 5.8 33.4 18.8 60.8

29.7 28.5

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

.. .. .. .. .. .. 30 9.4 1.6

59 6 6 95.0 3.3 45.5 20 12.3 1.9

3.8 43.7 6.0 4.6 7.6

10.8 4.0 7.5 7.6 12.6

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

8,215 0.4 20.4 15.7

4,678 3.4 21.6 18.2

71,663 3.9 21.0 17.3

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 32.6 28.5 6.1 9.2 18.4 .. ..

1.4 43.8 45.6 37.4 13.0 3.6 29.1 .. ..

.. .. 53.0 41.3 9.9 2.5 45.5

34.0 1,550 .. 23.9 3.7

.. 2,053 5.7 83.9 16.5

41.8 3,242

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

210

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

53 9 37.1 2.9 45.8 10.8 3.9

6.4

84.1 26.6

Turkmenistan Europe & Central Asia

Lower middle income Lower middleincome group 2007

Country data 2000

2007

Economic and social context 4.5 Population (millions) 1.9 Labor force (millions) .. Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 650 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 4.0 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) 24.4 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 44.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 10.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 31.2 Services value added (% of GDP) .. Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 5,200.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 95.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 80.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

5.0 2.2 .. .. .. 19.6 40.1 21.7 40.3 .. .. 62.7 47.8

3,435 1,662 5.7 1,905 8.0 12.6 41.3 24.9 46.1

37.0 33.1

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

20 4.5 34.7 ..

32 6.2 22.9 ..

67,651 3.5 33.2 13.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. 2.0 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

–1.1 .. 81.4 46.4 9.5 3.9 74.7

81.2 1,698 .. 0.2 0.1

.. 2,123 .. 7.0 1.4

39.0 1,269

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

35 9 52.0 3.5 42.9 8.6 1.0

7.3

38.9 12.4

211

Uganda Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income

Country data 2000

2007

Economic and social context Population (millions) 24.7 30.9 Labor force (millions) 10.7 13.5 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. 3.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 260 370 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) 6.4 7.1 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 29.6 24.0 Industry value added (% of GDP) 22.9 25.9 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 7.8 7.7 Services value added (% of GDP) 47.5 50.0 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) 2.8 6.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1,644.5 1,723.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 10.6 16.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 22.5 30.9 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Lowincome group 2007 1,296 543 .. 574 5.6 25.0 29.6 15.6 45.5

32.0 38.3

.. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. 0.4

111 25 18 13.0 2.2 34.5 30 10.0 0.7

.. .. .. .. ..

5.2 14.5 7.7 33.0 15.5

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

57 2.6 19.2 13.2

1,311 4.1 22.1 17.1

17,365 4.2 23.7 14.4

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–1.9 42.9 9.7 10.7 9.8 9.8 6.2 13.3 13.1

–1.9 .. 13.9 13.7 10.3 4.1 10.6 11.4 9.8

.. .. 32.6 24.3 .. .. 31.2

.. .. .. 0.5 0.2

23.0 .. 11.0 13.6 2.5

12.1 309

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

212

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

49 10 63.7 3.6 68.4 18.2 0.4

10.3

21.5 5.2

Ukraine Europe & Central Asia

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

49.2 23.0 11.6 700 –1.9 17.1 36.3 19.2 46.6 28.2 5.4 62.4 57.4

46.5 23.3 6.8 2,560 7.6 7.6 37.2 23.4 55.3 12.8 5.0 45.3 50.9

Lower middleincome group 2007 3,435 1,662 5.7 1,905 8.0 12.6 41.3 24.9 46.1

37.0 33.1

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

.. .. .. .. .. .. 30 8.0 0.9

145 27 10 13.0 2.9 58.4 25 7.9 1.3

10.4 54.6 4.5 36.8 12.1

11.3 28.3 32.1 47.9 13.0

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

206 1.9 19.7 17.3

1,346 7.0 27.4 24.2

67,651 3.5 33.2 13.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–0.6 45.3 10.7 9.3 16.2 29.6 11.2 15.0 27.8

–0.6 12.4 46.5 31.2 12.5 13.2 58.8 –6.5 5.8

–1.1 .. 81.4 46.4 9.5 3.9 74.7

96.7 2,778 .. 1.7 0.7

97.4 3,400 2.4 118.8 21.5

39.0 1,269

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

35 9 52.0 3.5 42.9 8.6 1.0

7.3

38.9 12.4

213

United Arab Emirates High income Highincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

3.2 1.9 2.3 19,270 5.1 3.5 55.7 13.5 40.8 .. 3.7 73.3 55.3

4.4 2.7 3.1 26,270 7.7 2.0 58.8 12.3 39.1 .. 3.7 91.4 67.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. 20 .. ..

46 17 8 84.0 5.1 14.4 0 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. .. 22.1 9.5

.. .. 20.2 10.3

.. 4.1 20.8 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

0.1 .. .. .. 12.9 12.7 46.2 –9.9 3.5

.. .. .. .. 12.6 6.3 64.3 .. ..

–1.0 44.0 99.4 .. 6.5 1.4 163.2

100.0 11,885 .. 44.0 23.6

.. 14,567 .. 177.1 51.8

87.0 9,675

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

214

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,056 516 5.5 37,572 2.4 1.4 26.2 16.9 72.4

27.3 28.1

21 7 35.9 2.1 40.3 11.8 7.7

4.0

100.4 65.7

United Kingdom High income Highincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

58.9 29.7 5.5 25,480 3.2 1.0 28.0 17.8 70.9 2.9 0.7 27.9 29.9

61.0 31.4 5.2 40,660 2.6 0.9 23.1 13.5 76.0 4.3 0.5 25.9 29.5

.. .. .. .. .. .. 30 14.9 5.8

6 13 6 22.0 1.0 35.3 30 17.7 11.0

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. 8.4 17.4 ..

.. 7.1 18.2 ..

.. 4.1 20.8 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

1.7 48.5 120.5 .. 6.5 2.5 131.7 4.6 2.7

–2.7 48.4 173.7 .. 8.9 0.9 190.0 2.4 ..

–1.0 44.0 99.4 .. 6.5 1.4 163.2

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

100.0 6,115 .. 73.8 26.8

100.0 6,185 .. 118.0 71.7

87.0 9,675

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

1,056 516 5.5 37,572 2.4 1.4 26.2 16.9 72.4

27.3 28.1

21 7 35.9 2.1 40.3 11.8 7.7

4.0

100.4 65.7

215

United States High income Highincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

282.2 147.8 4.0 34,410 4.2 1.2 24.2 17.0 74.6 3.4 1.0 11.2 15.1

301.6 156.6 4.6 46,040 2.6 1.1 22.4 13.9 76.5 2.9 1.0 11.2 17.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. 35 .. ..

3 6 6 0.0 1.5 42.3 35 13.1 3.4

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. 3.3 19.9 ..

.. 1.7 19.3 ..

.. 4.1 20.8 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

0.5 33.0 55.9 63.7 8.5 1.1 170.7 6.9 ..

–2.1 47.3 65.8 73.9 10.3 1.4 210.1 5.3 ..

–1.0 44.0 99.4 .. 6.5 1.4 163.2

58.8 13,669 .. 38.8 43.9

65.3 13,564 .. 84.7 73.5

87.0 9,675

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

216

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,056 516 5.5 37,572 2.4 1.4 26.2 16.9 72.4

27.3 28.1

21 7 35.9 2.1 40.3 11.8 7.7

4.0

100.4 65.7

Uruguay Latin America & Caribbean

Upper middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

Upper middleincome group 2007

3.3 1.6 13.6 6,220 2.2 6.2 27.2 16.9 66.6 4.8 12.1 19.3 21.0

3.3 1.6 9.2 6,390 3.3 10.1 32.0 22.8 57.9 8.1 23.5 29.2 29.9

.. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. ..

109 44 11 31.0 2.1 58.5 25 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

7.0 0.6 6.9 38.6 6.8

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

681 1.3 13.2 9.9

31 3.8 13.9 11.4

71,663 3.9 21.0 17.3

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–3.4 45.8 54.7 44.0 7.2 12.4 51.2 40.5 27.8

–1.6 59.3 27.9 36.2 10.5 1.1 23.7 0.4 6.6

.. .. 53.0 41.3 9.9 2.5 45.5

.. 1,990 .. 12.4 10.6

.. 2,042 0.5 90.4 29.1

41.8 3,242

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

824 378 8.7 7,107 4.3 5.8 33.4 18.8 60.8

29.7 28.5

53 9 37.1 2.9 45.8 10.8 3.9

6.4

84.1 26.6

217

Uzbekistan Europe & Central Asia

Low income Lowincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

24.7 9.4 .. 630 4.1 34.4 23.1 9.4 42.5 .. 236.6 24.6 21.5

26.9 11.8 .. 730 6.2 23.3 31.1 12.2 45.6 .. .. 40.3 30.2

1,296 543 .. 574 5.6 25.0 29.6 15.6 45.5

32.0 38.3

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

.. .. .. .. .. .. 26 11.4 0.2

138 15 7 22.0 4.0 90.6 10 18.2 0.6

5.9 50.0 1.2 21.0 12.7

11.1 52.4 8.2 28.0 1.3

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

26 0.5 24.0 15.5

272 1.2 19.4 16.3

17,365 4.2 23.7 14.4

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. 32.6 24.3 .. .. 31.2

87.3 1,780 .. 0.2 0.5

.. 1,694 6.3 21.9 4.5

12.1 309

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

218

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

49 10 63.7 3.6 68.4 18.2 0.4

10.3

21.5 5.2

Vanuatu East Asia & Pacific

Lower middle income Lower middleincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

0.19 0.09 1.6 1,250 2.2 15.6 9.3 4.4 75.1 2.5 137.6 43.6 53.4

0.23 0.12 .. 1,840 2.8 14.7 8.6 3.2 76.7 4.0 102.4 44.1 57.8

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

60 39 8 56.0 2.6 8.4 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

6 8.3 21.3 ..

.. 7.6 22.7 ..

67,651 3.5 33.2 13.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–0.8 29.2 .. .. .. .. 35.1 8.6 8.6

.. .. .. .. .. .. 50.0 12.6 6.8

–1.1 .. 81.4 46.4 9.5 3.9 74.7

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

23.9 .. .. 0.2 2.1

.. .. .. 11.5 7.5

39.0 1,269

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

3,435 1,662 5.7 1,905 8.0 12.6 41.3 24.9 46.1

37.0 33.1

35 9 52.0 3.5 42.9 8.6 1.0

7.3

38.9 12.4

219

Venezuela, RB Latin America & Caribbean

Upper middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

2007

24.3 10.0 13.2 4,100 0.6 4.2 49.7 19.8 46.1 16.2 0.7 29.7 18.1

Upper middleincome group 2007

27.5 12.7 7.5 7,550 4.6 4.0 57.8 16.4 38.2 18.7 2.1 31.0 24.7

824 378 8.7 7,107 4.3 5.8 33.4 18.8 60.8

29.7 28.5

.. .. .. .. .. .. 34 .. ..

174 141 16 ..a 4.0 56.6 34 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

33.6 2.6 35.7 25.4 12.5

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

774 4.0 21.0 ..

592 0.3 23.7 ..

71,663 3.9 21.0 17.3

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–1.2 .. 11.9 15.0 13.0 6.6 12.5 –3.3 8.9

2.2 .. 22.0 24.2 8.3 1.2 23.6 2.7 6.4

.. .. 53.0 41.3 9.9 2.5 45.5

33.6 2,654 .. 22.4 3.4

.. 3,174 3.6 86.7 20.8

41.8 3,242

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people) a. Laws ban dismissing workers on economic grounds.

220

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

53 9 37.1 2.9 45.8 10.8 3.9

6.4

84.1 26.6

Vietnam East Asia & Pacific

Low income

Country data 2000

2007

Economic and social context Population (millions) 77.6 85.2 Labor force (millions) 38.0 44.4 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.3 2.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 390 770 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) 6.7 7.8 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 24.5 20.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 36.7 41.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.6 21.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 38.7 38.1 Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) –1.7 8.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 14,167.8 16,105.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 55.0 76.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 57.5 90.2 Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Lowincome group 2007 1,296 543 .. 574 5.6 25.0 29.6 15.6 45.5

32.0 38.3

.. .. .. .. .. .. 32 .. ..

92 50 11 87.0 5.0 40.1 28 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

3.1 78.7 29.2 12.4 11.4

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

150 4.2 27.6 ..

1,332 9.8 37.1 ..

17,365 4.2 23.7 14.4

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 32.0 7.4 .. .. 35.3 6.9 6.9

.. .. 84.0 14.9 .. .. 93.3 2.7 3.7

.. .. 32.6 24.3 .. .. 31.2

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

25.1 295 .. 1.0 0.3

.. 598 .. 27.9 21.0

12.1 309

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

49 10 63.7 3.6 68.4 18.2 0.4

10.3

21.5 5.2

221

Virgin Islands (U.S.) High income Highincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

0.11 0.05 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1.0 .. ..

0.11 0.05 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1.0 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. 4.1 20.8 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

–1.0 44.0 99.4 .. 6.5 1.4 163.2

.. .. .. 32.2 13.8

.. .. .. 73.9 27.7

87.0 9,675

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

222

2009

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,056 516 5.5 37,572 2.4 1.4 26.2 16.9 72.4

27.3 28.1

21 7 35.9 2.1 40.3 11.8 7.7

4.0

100.4 65.7

West Bank and Gaza Middle East & North Africa

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

Lower middleincome group 2007

2.9 0.61 14.1 1,600 7.4 .. .. .. .. 3.0 .. 16.0 71.2

3.7 0.83 21.6 1,290 –0.9 .. .. .. .. 3.5 .. 14.0 68.2

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

131 49 11 91.0 .. 16.8 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

5.7 2.7 4.2 37.1 18.2

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

237 .. 32.7 ..

23 .. 25.7 ..

67,651 3.5 33.2 13.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. 5.5 10.5 6.9

.. .. .. .. .. .. 7.5 2.3 4.8

–1.1 .. 81.4 46.4 9.5 3.9 74.7

100.0 .. .. 6.0 1.2

100.0 .. 3.3 27.7 9.6

39.0 1,269

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

3,435 1,662 5.7 1,905 8.0 12.6 41.3 24.9 46.1

37.0 33.1

35 9 52.0 3.5 42.9 8.6 1.0

7.3

38.9 12.4

223

Yemen, Rep. Middle East & North Africa

Low income Lowincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

18.2 4.1 11.5 400 5.6 10.3 46.5 5.2 43.2 4.6 161.7 42.3 36.6

22.4 5.4 .. 870 4.0 14.3 40.3 4.7 45.4 10.0 199.0 38.0 41.4

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.0

98 13 7 17.0 3.0 47.8 .. .. 0.0

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

20 0.1 18.6 13.2

21 4.1 23.1 13.4

17,365 4.2 23.7 14.4

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–2.3 .. 8.6 17.4 .. .. 5.0 –4.9 5.5

.. .. 12.0 18.7 .. .. 7.9 2.6 5.0

.. .. 32.6 24.3 .. .. 31.2

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

15.5 136 .. 0.2 0.1

8.7 190 .. 13.7 1.4

12.1 309

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

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1,296 543 .. 574 5.6 25.0 29.6 15.6 45.5

32.0 38.3

49 10 63.7 3.6 68.4 18.2 0.4

10.3

21.5 5.2

Zambia Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2007

10.5 11.9 4.0 4.6 12.9 .. 300 770 2.2 5.1 22.3 21.6 25.3 38.2 11.4 11.4 52.4 40.2 26.0 10.7 3,110.8 4,002.5 27.1 42.3 41.5 35.8

Lowincome group 2007 1,296 543 .. 574 5.6 25.0 29.6 15.6 45.5

32.0 38.3

Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

.. .. .. .. .. .. 35 .. 0.5

100 18 6 178.0 2.7 16.1 35 .. 0.9

13.0 .. 17.4 142.4 5.8

4.6 5.4 10.1 93.2 17.2

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

27 3.8 16.0 6.0

141 8.7 24.3 18.1

17,365 4.2 23.7 14.4

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

1.8 176.2 12.4 16.3 .. 23.6 8.6 6.7 18.6

–0.8 .. 16.2 18.0 .. 10.8 12.0 8.7 9.7

.. .. 32.6 24.3 .. .. 31.2

22.0 595 .. 0.9 0.2

.. 730 4.2 22.1 4.2

12.1 309

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2009

49 10 63.7 3.6 68.4 18.2 0.4

10.3

21.5 5.2

225

Zimbabwe Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income Lowincome group 2007

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–07 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in consumer price index) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business index (ranking 1–181; 1 = best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) New business density (new regis. per working-age pop.) Enterprise surveys Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings w/tax officials (%) Firms using banks to finance investments (% of firms) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection (days) ISO certification ownership (% of firms)

2007

12.7 13.4 5.3 5.7 6.0 4.2 450 340 0.7 –5.7 18.5 19.1 25.0 23.9 15.8 13.5 56.5 57.0 55.9 24,411.0 0.0 9,675.8 35.9 56.8 36.2 73.0

1,296 543 .. 574 5.6 25.0 29.6 15.6 45.5

32.0 38.3

.. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. ..

158 96 10 446.0 3.3 63.7 30 .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

8 0.3 11.8 11.1

20 3.0 21.0 19.5

17,365 4.2 23.7 14.4

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–5.2 58.1 24.3 28.3 9.4 19.6 24.5 7.7 18.0

.. .. 15.9 18.4 12.1 23.2 26.6 –0.7 457.5

.. .. 32.6 24.3 .. .. 31.2

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Power outages (number in typical month) Mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 people) Internet users (per 100 people)

19.0 843 .. 2.1 0.4

.. 900 .. 9.1 10.1

12.1 309

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49 10 63.7 3.6 68.4 18.2 0.4

10.3

21.5 5.2

Glossary Agriculture value added is the net output of agriculture (International Standard Industrial Classification divisions 1–5, including forestry and fishing) after totaling outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Bank capital to asset ratio is the ratio of bank capital and reserves to total assets. Capital and reserves include funds contributed by owners, retained earnings, general and special reserves, provisions, and valuation adjustments. Capital includes tier 1 capital (paid-up shares and common stock), which is a common feature in all countries’ banking systems, and total regulatory capital, which includes several specified types of subordinated debt instruments that need not be repaid if the funds are required to maintain minimum capital levels (these comprise tier 2 and tier 3 capital). Total assets include all nonfinancial and financial assets. (International Monetary Fund) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans ratio is the value of nonperforming loans divided by the total value of the loan portfolio (including nonperforming loans before the deduction of specific loan loss provisions). The loan amount recorded as nonperforming should be the gross value of the loan as recorded on the balance sheet, not just the amount that is overdue. (International Monetary Fund) Business entry rate is the number of firms newly registered in 2007 or the most recent year available as a percentage of total registered firms. Total firms registered includes all limited liability corporations. (World Bank Group Entrepreneurship Survey) Closing a business is the number of years from the time of filing for insolvency in court until resolution of distressed assets. Data listed for 2007 are as of June 2008. (World Bank) Delay in obtaining an electrical connection is the average wait, in days, to obtain an electrical connection from the day an establishment applies for it to the day it receives the service. (World Bank) Deposit money banks’ assets are claims on the domestic real nonfinancial sector by deposit money banks. (International Monetary Fund) Domestic credit to the private sector is financial resources provided to the private sector—such as through loans, purchases of nonequity securities, and trade credits and other accounts receivable—that establish a claim for repayment. For some countries these claims include credit to public enterprises. (International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development)

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Glossary Ease of doing business index ranks economies from 1 to 181, with 1 being the best. A high ranking means that a country’s regulatory environment is conducive to business operation. The index ranks the simple average of a country’s percentile rankings on 10 areas covered in Doing Business 2009. The ranking on each area is the simple average of the percentile rankings on its component indicators. Data listed for 2007 are as of June 2008. (World Bank) Electric power consumption is the production of power plants and combined heat and power plants minus transmission, distribution, and transformation losses and own use by heat and power plants. (International Energy Agency) Exchange rate is the exchange rate determined by national authorities or the rate determined in the legally sanctioned exchange market. It is calculated in local currency units relative to the U.S. dollar as an annual average based on monthly averages. (International Monetary Fund) Exports of goods and services are the value of all goods and other market services provided to the rest of the world. They include the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude compensation of employees and investment income (formerly called factor services) as well as transfer payments. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Firing cost is the cost of advance notice requirements, severance payments, and penalties due when terminating a redundant worker, expressed in weekly wages. One month is recorded as 4 1/3 weeks. Data listed for 2007 are as of June 2008. (World Bank) Firms expected to give gifts in meetings with tax officials are the percentage of firms that report that a gift or informal payment is expected or requested during a meeting with tax officials. (World Bank) Firms using banks to finance investments are the percentage of firms using banks to finance purchases of fixed assets. (World Bank) GDP growth is the annual percentage growth rate of gross domestic product (GDP) at market prices based on constant local currency. Aggregates are based on constant 2000 U.S. dollars. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated

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without deducting for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method, is gross national income (GNI) converted to U.S. dollars using the World Bank Atlas method, divided by the midyear population. GNI is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes minus any subsidies not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. GNI, calculated in national currency, is usually converted to U.S. dollars at official exchange rates for comparisons across economies. To smooth fluctuations in prices and exchange rates, the World Bank Atlas method is used; it averages the exchange rate for a given year and the two preceding years, adjusted for differences in rates of inflation between the country and the Euro area, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. (World Bank) Government cash surplus or deficit is revenue (including grants) minus expense and net acquisition of nonfinancial assets. (International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Government debt is the entire stock of direct government fixed-term contractual obligations to others outstanding on a particular date. It includes domestic and foreign liabilities such as loans, currency and money deposits, and securities other than shares. It is the gross amount of government liabilities reduced by the amount of equity and financial derivatives held by the government. Because debt is a stock rather than a flow, it is measured as of a given date, usually the last day of the fiscal year. (International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Gross fixed capital formation includes land improvements (fences, ditches, drains, and so on); plant, machinery, and equipment purchases; and the construction of roads, railways, and the like, including schools, offices, hospitals, private residential dwellings, and commercial and industrial buildings. According to the 1993 System of National Accounts, net acquisition of valuables is also considered capital formation. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Gross fixed private capital formation is gross outlays by the private sector (including private nonprofit organizations) on additions to its fixed domestic assets. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development)

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Glossary Highest marginal tax rate, corporate, is the highest rate shown on the national-level schedule of tax rates applied to the annual taxable income of corporations. (PricewaterhouseCoopers) Imports of goods and services are the value of all goods and other market services received from the rest of the world. They include the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude compensation of employees and investment income (formerly called factor services) as well as transfer payments. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Industry value added is the net output of industry (International Standard Industrial Classification divisions 10–45, including mining, manufacturing, construction, electricity, water, and gas) after totaling outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Inflation is the annual percentage change in the cost to the average consumer of acquiring a basket of goods and services that may be fixed or changed at specified intervals, such as yearly. The Laspeyres formula is generally used. (International Monetary Fund) Interest rate spread is the interest rate charged by banks on loans to prime customers minus the interest rate paid by commercial or similar banks for demand, time, or savings deposits. (International Monetary Fund) Internet users are people with access to the worldwide network per 100 people. (International Telecommunication Union) Investment in infrastructure with private participation is the value of infrastructure projects in telecommunications, energy (electricity and natural gas transmission and distribution), transport, and water and sanitation that have reached financial closure and directly or indirectly serve the public, including operation and management contracts with major capital expenditure, greenfield projects (in which a private entity or public-private joint venture builds and operates a new facility), and divestitures. Incinerators, movable assets, standalone solid waste projects, and small projects such as windmills are excluded. (World Bank) ISO certification ownership is the percentage of firms that have earned a quality certification recognized by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). (World Bank)

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Labor force is all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period, according to the International Labour Organization definition of the economically active population. It includes both the employed and the unemployed. While national practices vary in the treatment of such groups as the armed forces and seasonal or parttime workers, in general the labor force includes the armed forces, the unemployed, and first-time job-seekers and excludes homemakers and other unpaid caregivers and workers in the informal sector. (International Labour Organization and World Bank) Manufacturing value added is the net output of industries belonging to International Standard Industrial Classification divisions 15–37 after totaling outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Mobile cellular subscriptions are the number of subscriptions—including postpaid and prepaid subscriptions—to a public mobile telephone service using cellular technology that provides access to the public switched telephone network. It is calculated per 100 people. (International Telecommunication Union) New business density is the number of newly registered corporations divided by the total working-age population. Paved roads are roads surfaced with concrete, cobblestones, or crushed stone (macadam) and hydrocarbon binder or bituminized agents. (International Road Federation) Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship—except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part of the population of their country of origin. Data are midyear estimates. (World Bank) Power outages are the average number of power outages that establishments experience in a typical month. (World Bank) Private foreign direct investment, net, is net inflows of private investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other long-term capital, and short-term capital, as shown in the balance of payments. (International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development)

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Glossary Procedures to start a business are the number of procedures required to start a business, including interactions to obtain necessary permits and licenses and to complete all inscriptions, verifications, and notifications to start operations. Data are for businesses with specific characteristics of ownership, size, and type of production. Data listed for 2007 are as of June 2008. (World Bank) Real interest rate is the lending interest rate adjusted for inflation as measured by the GDP deflator. (International Monetary Fund and World Bank) Services value added is the net output of services (International Standard Industrial Classification divisions 50–99) after totaling outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Time dealing with government officials is the percentage of management time in a given week spent on requirements imposed by government regulations (taxes, customs, labor regulations, licensing, and registration). (World Bank) Time to start a business is the number of calendar days needed to complete the required procedures for legally operating a business. If a procedure can be expedited at additional cost, the fastest procedure, independent of cost, is chosen. Data listed for 2007 are as of June 2008. (World Bank) Total financial system deposits are the demand, time, and saving deposits in deposit money banks and other financial institutions. (International Monetary Fund) Total tax rate is the total amount of taxes payable by a business (except for labor taxes) after accounting for deductions and exemptions as a percentage of profit. For further details on the method used for assessing the total tax payable, see the World Bank’s Doing Business 2009. Data listed for 2007 are as of June 2008. (World Bank) Unemployment rate is the share of the labor force without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country. (International Labour Organization)

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1818 H Street N.W. ISBN 978-0-8213-7854-0

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AFGHANISTAN ALBANIA ALGERIA AMERICAN SAMOA ANDORRA ANGOLA ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA ARGENTINA ARMENIA ARUBA AUSTRALIA AUSTRIA AZERBAIJAN THE BAHAMAS BAHRAIN BANGLADESH BARBADOS BELARUS BELGIUM BELIZE BENIN BERMUDA BHUTAN BOLIVIA BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA BOTSWANA BRAZIL BRUNEI DARUSSALAM BULGARIA BURKINA FASO BURUNDI CAMBODIA CAMEROON CANADA CAPE VERDE CAYMAN ISLANDS CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC CHAD CHANNEL ISLANDS CHILE CHINA COLOMBIA COMOROS DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO REPUBLIC OF CONGO COSTA RICA CÔTE D’IVOIRE CROATIA CUBA CYPRUS CZECH REPUBLIC DENMARK DJIBOUTI DOMINICA DOMINICAN REPUBLIC ECUADOR ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT EL SALVADOR EQUATORIAL GUINEA ERITREA ESTONIA ETHIOPIA FAEROE ISLANDS FIJI FINLAND FRANCE FRENCH POLYNESIA GABON THE GAMBIA GEORGIA GERMANY GHANA GREECE GREENLAND GRENADA GUAM GUATEMALA GUINEA GUINEA-BISSAU GUYANA HAITI HONDURAS HONG KONG, CHINA HUNGARY ICELAND INDIA INDONESIA ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN IRAQ IRELAND ISLE OF MAN ISRAEL ITALY JAMAICA JAPAN JORDAN KAZAKHSTAN KENYA KIRIBATI DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF KOREA REPUBLIC OF KOREA KUWAIT KYRGYZ REPUBLIC LAO PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC LATVIA LEBANON LESOTHO LIBERIA LIBYA LIECHTENSTEIN LITHUANIA LUXEMBOURG MACAO, CHINA FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA MADAGASCAR MALAWI MALAYSIA MALDIVES MALI MALTA MARSHALL ISLANDS MAURITANIA MAURITIUS MAYOTTE MEXICO FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA MOLDOVA MONACO MONGOLIA MONTENEGRO MOROCCO MOZAMBIQUE MYANMAR NAMIBIA NEPAL NETHERLANDS NETHERLANDS ANTILLES NEW CALEDONIA NEW ZEALAND NICARAGUA NIGER NIGERIA NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS NORWAY OMAN PAKISTAN PALAU PANAMA PAPUA NEW GUINEA PARAGUAY PERU PHILIPPINES POLAND PORTUGAL PUERTO RICO QATAR ROMANIA RUSSIAN FEDERATION RWANDA SAMOA SAN MARINO SÃO TOMÉ AND PRINCIPE SAUDI ARABIA SENEGAL SERBIA SEYCHELLES SIERRA LEONE SINGAPORE SLOVAK REPUBLIC SLOVENIA SOLOMON ISLANDS SOMALIA SOUTH AFRICA SPAIN SRI LANKA ST. KITTS AND NEVIS ST. LUCIA ST. VINCENT & GRENADINES SUDAN SURINAME SWAZILAND SWEDEN SWITZERLAND SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC TAJIKISTAN TANZANIA THAILAND TURKMENISTAN UGA STATES URUGUAY UZ U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS WEST BANK AND GAZA REPUBLIC OF YEMEN ZAMBIA ZIMBABWE