Merkava Siman 3: Merkava Mk 3 in IDF Service Part 1 (Armor series)

MERKAVA SIMAN 3 (MK 3) BAZ IN ISRAEL DEFENSE FORCES SERVICE PART 1 Written by: Michael Mass

Contents:

Editor and Graphic Designer: Rafy Levy Contributing Editor: JoAnn Sperber AU photos are from the author's private collection unless otherwise indicated.

© 2007 AU rights reserved by Desert Eagle Publishing Approved by the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) Censorship Bureau Printed in Korea

The Merkava Family, Names and Derivatives ...... ...... .... .... ......... 3

The Merkava Siman 3 in Action .. ......................... ........... ......... 9

The Man and the Machine .... .... .. .......................... ....... .. ..... .... 22

The Merkava Siman 3 in Detail ........ .............. ... ............... ...... 36

The Merkava Siman 3 in Detail-Power Pack ............ ...... ......... 67

Tactical Signs-No One Alike .. ........ .. ............... .. .. ................. 69

Modeling Merkava Siman 3 Baz .... .................... .. ......... ............ 72

Acknowledgements: We would like to thank the following for their support and cooperation: Lt. Colonel Ron Kamiely, commander Tel-Aviv IDF Censorship bureau Avi Landesman Tel-Aviv IDF Censorship bureau Our wives ... for their love and support Gilad Mass for his guidance Chan Kie Lee from Legend Pr~ductions We dedicate this book to all Merkava crew members of IDF Armor Corps who lost their lives for the security of Israel.

Desert Eagle PUBLISHING

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productions

ISBN 0-9788844-2-6

[over Page- A formation of two Merkava Mk 3 BAZ tanks belonging to the SUfa Battalion, 3rd Company completes maneuvers near Shifon Mountain in the northern Golan Heights.

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NAMES AND DERIVATIVES

THE MERKAVA FAMILY

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he name MERKAVA was given to the family of Israeli designed and produced Main Battle Tanks (MBTs) , a name that has several meanings. Chariot-ancient horse-drawn vehicle. A name that represents the vehicle that was in use by the army of the kings of Jehudah. Assembly-representing the fact that the production and assembly took place in Israel. in Hebrew the word "assembly", comes from the same root as chariot. Complicated-another word related to the same root in Hebrew as the above meanings of the word Merkava.

NAMES AND DERIVATIVES • THE PROTOTYPES-Developers built several mockups

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and prototypes during development of the Merkava tank. Developers built at least two concept demonstrators on the base of the Shot-Kal (Centurion) tank hull. In the concept demonstrator, the driver's compartment was originally in the right front comer of the Shot-Kal hull. Later, the compartment moved to the back of the hull, which became the hull's new front. Under this con­ fig uration, the driver's compartment was on the left side of the engine compartment and was opposite the original Shot-Kal's driving direction. For this hull, driving "for­ ·,'.rard" meant using the reverse gear. The Merkava's ~eshaped engine deck enabled improved visibility for :ne driver. Unlike the prototype from Latrun, based on Shot-Kal ", ::hout other Merkava features, the prototype in Jaffa ~as some hull shaping, cutting and welding that includes ~, e rear access door. The tank's battery compartment is :n the left rear of the vehicle and the nuclear-, biologi­ :~l- and chemical-filtering (NBC) equipment is on the :-:ght rear of the tank. The IDF built and tested a few pilot prototypes for ',--mous proving ground tasks. Merkava Mk 1 (Siman 1) -The Merkava Mk 1 entered service in the late 1970s, replacing the Shot-Kal --=:1ks of the Seventh Armored Brigade in the Golan :-::·ghts. At the same time, other Merkava Mk 1 tanks ~_:ered into service in the Armored Corps School 3:s a'sh) for professional crew basic training and with the - : '}th Brigade for tank and platoon commander training. ~:-. : t1erkava Mk 1 special design consisted of a front­ ; : 5:tioned 900-horsepower Teledyne Continental engine, .: ~:,d on the original Patton (Magach) 750-horsepower ~:-_:' !e, The engine was coupled with an Alisson automatic

.. One of the Merkava concept demonstrator prototypes is based on a Centurion hUll, with the driver's position near the original engine compartment. The ongi­ nal engine deck of the Shot-Kal (IDF dieselized Centurion) was reshaped for better visibility by the tank driver. This vehicle is on exhibit in the Yad La'Shiryon Memorial site and Museum in Latrun. The original final drives and sprocket wheels, found in the rear of the original Centurion hull, are now locoted in the hull's new "front. "

transmission, used extensively in the IDF. This design also featured a passageway in the back of the hull for easy entrance and exit from the rear of the tank. The passageway also enabled easy access for loading of ammunition and other equipment. The 105mm main gun was based on the standard can­ non, made by Israeli Military Industries (IMI), the com­ mon gun for all other IDF MBTs. The turret's low, narrow silhouette is one of the Merkava Mk l's unique features. The silhouette means less of the turret shows in observa­ tion or firing positions. The turret's narrow shape,

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.. A Merkava Mk 1 during 1982's Peace for Galilee operation in Lebanon.

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IDF ARMOR SERIES NO.2 - MERKAVA SIMAN 3

especially noticeable when looking at the tank's front, is smaller than the turret race (bearing) diameter. As a result, designers added two bulge castings to the turret's sides. The Mk 1's running gear consists of three dual suspen­ sions on each side. The design includes two road wheel ports, reminiscent of the Centurion tanks. The front and rear suspension units feature two spring assemblies on each unit, as well as linear shock absorbers. The sprocket wheels are in the front of the hull, on both sides of the power pack. The idler wheel and the tensioning mechanisms are fitted in the rear of the running gear. Besides the 105mm main gun, the Mk 1 also had three 7.62mm MAG machine guns-one for the commander, a second for the loader, and a coaxial gun placed to the left of the main gun. A 60mm mortar is outside the right side of the turret. The commander is operating the mortar manually. The Mk 1 tanks were in service during the Peace for Galilee operation in 1982 and participated in fighting in western Lebanon and Beirut.

• Merkava Mk 1 hybrid (Siman 1 Meshupar)-After several years of service in the front lines as part of the Seventh Armored Brigade, the Merkava Mk 1 tanks fin­ ished their regular service and went to Reserve units of the Armored Corps. Shortly after the new Mk 2 was developed, the IDF undertook an Mk 1 improvement program that included installing several internal and external components. This version became known as the Merkava Mk 1 hybrid.

'·'erko'la Mk 1 hybrid displays many of the tonk's spedal features, such as :- = ; - : r ;' ; r=-:; ,2 launchers, chains and balls on the turret basket, and newside --= -;' ~ :-- J 7dEls ' atch includes a mounted periscope that is visible .... - -:5

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.A. This side view of a Merkava Mk 2 of the Seventh Armored Bngade during training near Naffakh shows an advanced applique armor pattern, visible on the turret sides and side skirts along the hull. This tank features different road wheels, some made with rubber and some without.

Its main features included new side skirts supported by heavy-duty leaf springs, smoke grenade launchers on both sides of the turret front, flexible rear baskets for crew equipment and an improved commander's hatch with a large built-in periscope. Designers added a laser detec­ tor mast to the turret's roof and lengthened the rear hull service door handles. The changes were made in several stages. The later improvements included a new fume extractor for the 105mm gun and a new arrangement for using the open­ ing wrench. Improvements are continuously added.

• Merkava Mk 2 (Siman 2)-The Merkava Mk 2 was a significant step forward, with the addition of supplemen­ tal. second-generation armor placed on both sides of the turret and replacement of the Allison transmission with a new automatic version. The transmission, manufactured in Israel. helped the IDF realize substantial savings. The Mk 2 was fitted with two smoke grenade launchers on both sides of the turret's front. Each had six grenades. Designers replaced the Mk 1's external 60mm mortar with a new mortar, located on the left side of the loader compartment and operated by the loader from inside the turret. Installation of a new power pack, coupled with a larger exhaust grille on the hull's right console, required reshaping the engine deck of the Mk 2. Developers also added a new fire control system (FCS) and a laser detector mast on the turret roof. The Mk 2 used several types of armored side skirts, some mounted on rounded leaf springs and others on flat springs. The side skirts absorbed shocks experienced by the pivot­ mounted armor sections during the tank's maneuvers. A new designed basket was installed on the rear of

... .; Merkava Mk 2 and Mk 3D park side by side near Metula during the events of summer 2006. The tanks belong to the Bnei-Or Brigade and are i7.lipped with several adaptars. The Merkava Mk 2 on the right has only its right KMT (Nachri) adaptor, while the Merkava Mk 3D has a new front :::aotor for various assault purposes.

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-":.2 turret, and the unique suspension system included :": .e first reinforced road wheel on each side. That marked :. significant departure from the dish-type road wheels. >.2new wheels featured reinforcing ribs and weight :~:'Jction holes. Merkava Mk 2B (Siman 2 Bet)-The Merkava 2 underwent many changes during its service in the : ~:enth Armored Brigade and Reserve armored units. ::2signers added heavy-duty roof armor to protect the ~:':-l.k from aerial attack threats. Additionally, designers :':j ed flexible baskets for crew equipment at the rear : ~ :he hull. Further, the commander's hatch was replaced --::; ID improved one. _ ..:~

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with substantial attention paid to increasing the level of protection, both in terms of shape and type of armor. Unlike the exposed turret side bulges that covered the turret race in the Mk 1 and 2, long armor console modules protected the sides of the Mk 3. The power pack was another of the Mk 3's advance­ ments. The tank was fitted with a more vigorous power pack, which consisted of a new 1,200-horsepower engine designed by Teledyne Continental Motors (now part of GDLS). The tank also featured a more powerful automatic transmission. To complete the new design's power train, engineers kept the suspension concept of the former

Merkava Mk 2D (Siman 2 Daled)-Severe threats in :':.:: security zone in southern Lebanon prompted 1M1 to ~-=':2lop advanced armor for the Merkava Mk 2. The armor ,,·.: :: ~lement was extensive and contained a new turret =-":::2, including armor for the roof, hull sides and front :-.: :'ules, as well as redesigned side skirts. The Ordnance ::~s added new belly armor. The new version of the Mk = :'-50 was equipped with reinforced tracks, like those ~ '~ld on the Magach 6B Gal Batash. Aerkava Mk 3 (Siman 3 Ramaqh)-The Merkava _ :-: 3 was designed following multiple years of experience -_:.:. the Mk 1 and 2. The Merkava Program Authority __ :'_l1ta'k) and Merkava Development Center (Rapa't) _-':- 1duced three main improvements that resulted in a :::=-.:.rkable increase in the fire power, protection and =:.:-.euverability of the Mk 3, compared to Mk 1 and 2. >-eiopers redesigned the turret and hull extensively

.&.A Merkava Mk 2D of the Seventh Armored Brigade, near the village of Shtula,

a few meters from the international border with Lebanon, during the war in August 2006. The unique armor installed on the Merkava 20, with heavy-duty modules on the turret and hull, is clearly visible. The tank belongs to the First Battalion, according to the single white stripe painted on the gun barrel, and the number inside the brigade embLem painted on the left front fender.

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.& The Merkava Mk 3D of the Sufa Battalion parks near the village of Misgav-Am in northern Galilee after the battles of August 2006. The tank is part of the Golan (Third) Company, but does not have a company chevron marking on the side skirt. The white stnpe painted on the upper side of the gun barrel is evident.

Merkava models that was based on dual pivot arms, but adapted the individual trailing arms support by adding large coil springs and absorbing mechanisms. Developers also installed the Mk 3's road wheels with different gaps between the ports for better weight distri­ bution. The tank used a new wider track link, thus lower­ ing the Mk 3's ground pressure. The increased firepower resulted from developing and installing the new 120mm smooth-bore main gun. The meteorological sensor mast moved to the turret's left side from the right side of earlier Merkava models.

.& A Merkava Mk 3 Ramaqh of the Bnei-Chail Brigade, Second Battalion, Second Company, participates in maneuvers in the Negev desert. The tank shows the clear silhouette of the turret side. The brigade emblem appears on right rear fender with the number "2" for Second Battalion. The two stn'pes on the gun barrel also indicate that the tank belongs to the Second Battalion.

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Instead of housing the NBC filtering system and elec­ trical batteries in the rear chambers, the Mk 3 had two large fuel cells in the same location, completing the rear shape on both sides of the hull rear door and "building" the "leaving angle" of the tank. The turret's rear basket is similar to the Mk 2. The first Mk 3 model was named Rama'k, which means electrical mirror head. That term refers to the type of sight used for the FCS. Several improvements installed on subsequent Mk 3 Rama'k tanks were later retrofitted into early versions. Among the improvements were roof armor; a round hatch for the loader, which replaced the oval one; and a uniqUE air-conditioning system designated "Yoni." The air-condi· tioning system included four hoses in the tank, one for each crewman. Each hose connected to a crewman's overalls. The Merkava Mk 3 entered into service within the Barak Brigade, in parallel with the Mk 2's at the Seven Brigade. The armored Reserve brigades also used the Mk 3 tank .

• Merkava Mk 3 BAZ (Siman 3 BAZ)-EL-OP Co. developed an FCS that upgraded the tank's lethal capabilities. Designers added a panoramic sight to the turret's roof, enabling the commander to engage a second target while the gunner engaged with an earlier target. Experts consider the BAZ (Falcon) FCS a state-of-the-art electro-optic tank system.

NAMES AND DERIVATIVES

• Merkava Mk 3D (Siman 3 Daled)-Part of the : ~ ~ rkava Mk 3 BAZ fleet was fitted with additional turret :""--::lor within the production line. Developers installed -=- .- long armor consoles along the turret's sides. The ,·..::cessful and advanced turret supplement, installed on ~::ly early Merkava Mk 3 BAZ tanks, gave the vehicle ::3 name: Merkava Mk 3 Dalet.

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• Merkava Mk 4 (Siman 4)-The Merkava Mk 4 is ::-.e latest version in Merkava tank development. It is the ::=::st tank without the traditional air-cooled American­ =..:.de Continental Motors engine. The AVDS series of the ::::ner engines were used in all Magach (Patton), Shot­ :-0..') (Centurion) and Merkava Mk 1, 2 and 3 tanks. The :!::< 4 uses the MTU 1,500-horsepower water-cooled ~:-.;ine, similar to one used in the Leopard 2. -:'he Mk 4 also uses the 120mm smooth-bore gun, like ~.= Mk 3's, and the same suspension system. The most -...o:bLe change is the reshaped turret and hull, necessi­ -:::. :'2d by a new design of additional armor. The front of ~. 2 engine deck hull featured a flat shape, unlike the ': ·':·.ged decks of other Merkavas. Designers replaced the :~.oke grenade launchers, each with six grenades, with :":":J·in launchers inside the additional armor. Each side ~-:3 six built-in launchers. Another unique feature of the Mk 4 is the lack of '.: :.:ler's hatch to allow improved protection of the roof. -:-:-.e commander's hatch is extensive and operated eLec­ :::::ally. The commander's MAG 7.62 machine gun is on =- ~ ound rail, enabling the commander to operate the ~''::-. in all directions. Other Mk 4 tank innovations include a new FCS, cou­ ;~ "uwith electronic warfare capability. The panoramic =~ ~t of the FCS is in the left center of the turret's roof, ::::: osite its location in the Mk 3 BAZ. Sholef SPG (Tomat Sholef)-Manta'k asked the Group to develop a self-propelled gun (SPG) :-:32d on a Merkava chassis. The company built two :~: "otypes that used the Merkava Mk 1 platform ':: evaluations. The program ended because of high : :}:iuction costs. After this program cancellation, =? acquired more American-made Ml09A2 SPGs for ~.~ Artillery Corps. ~: ·.:am

Namer Infantry (APe version)-Manta'k developed :':-.t ther Merkava-based vehicle for the Land Forces ::. mand. Designers converted a Merkava 1 chassis into =- :teavy-duty armored personnel carrier (APC) called _.:....-ner, which stands for Merkava APC (NAg mash­

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Merkava Mk 4 passes afire caused by a mortar shell near the internab"onal border fence during the summer 2006 conflict. The tank belongs to the Second Battalion of the 401st Brigade. The new arrangement for the towing cable on the hull's front and the attachable belly armor are evident in this photo.

TWO BADGES OF BRIGADES

OPERATING MERKAVA SIMAN 3 TANKS

The emblem of the Merkava 3 Barak (Lightning) Brigade shows a sword on the background of the Haifa Bay (former Shot-Kal Brigade).

The emblem of the /~ e-t;o:o Ii !, 3 Egrof Va'romakh (Fist c a L nce) Reserve B'iqCO E (former A X1 3 8 '-:·qcC E:) .

PATCHES OF BATTALIONS

OPERATING MERKAVA MK 3 TANKS

A patch of Sufa (Storm) , the First Battalion of the Barak Brigade.

A patch of "Golan, the one'n' only" tank hunter team, of the Barak Brigade.

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IDF ARMOR SERIES NO.2 - MERKAVA SIMAN 3

... A prototype of the general purpose Namer in the 7000 Central Ordnance Depot shows the main features of a the Merkava-based APe, including a crane used by the company's technical team. The IDF also uses the vehicle for general purposes, such as medical evacuation and close support. This Name!, based on a Merkava Mk 3 chassis, uses road wheels with different gaps.

MERkava). The "NameI" also means "tiger" in Hebrew. This version was used by infantry in the same fighting echelon as the Merkava tanks and had the same maneu­ vering capabilities of the Merkava. Based on its experi­ ence during the 2006 conflict with HezboUah in southern Lebanon, the IDF has decided to build a large fleet of Merkava-based Namer APCs for regular mechanized infantry brigades.

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• Narner Fitter GP (Shin-Kaf/Chatap)-In order to give Merkava's technical teams a well-protected APC with maneuver capabilities similar to the tank's, Manta'k officials decided to build two more versions of a Merkava-based heavy-duty APC. The first was a heavily protected substitute for the widely used Ml13 Chata'p (company technical team) used in every armored company unit. The GP Chata'p APCs give close support that technicians need to perform light repairs in the field. The APC also can carry a medic and is caned GP APC. The APC is equipped with a medium-size crane and has a roomy compartment. The Namer has two 7.62 MAG machine guns mounted on a traversing rail around two openings in the vehicle's roof.

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• Narner ARV (Achzaka)-The armored recovery vehicle (ARV), the second Namer prototype presented by Manta'k,

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... This prototype of the heavily armored Namer APC was part , an exhibit at a low intensity conflict convention in 2005. It is Merkava Mk i-based APC with heavy-duty advanced armor moCr ules. The armor gives the crew the best possible protection. Th , APC can be equipped with various types of armament.

was equipped with a high-capacity lifting crane and large recovery winch. The Namer Achzaka (maintenance) has roles in second and third echelon recovery and mainte­ nance, similar to the M88Ai ARV already in use within the IDF.

THE MERKAVA 51MAN 3 IN ACTION

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erkava 3 Ramaqh during training maneuvers in the Golan Heights. The tank belongs to the First Battalion (SuJa) oj the Barak Brigade, First - ~ony (Aleph), Second Platoon commander. The tank commander is low in the turret, ready to operate the MAG 7.62 machine gun. The tip oj the :- _- :;arrel, which is not covered by the thermal sleeve, is painted matt black. The tank is equipped with two heavy-duty towing cables, secured on the ~-=-: ,'Je oj the hull. That arrangement is not typical oj all Mk 3 variants. .A !

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. . ......1.. "... . _.. ... - -Jther Merkava 3 Rama'k in a sharp maneuver presenting its "chains and balls" tilting in different directions. The tank belongs to the SuJa : ,--:-~.:on, Third Company (Gimel), First Platoon. The varying gaps between the road wheels' positions are evident. The insignia on this tank is visible _ ~ -:: turret basket's sides and on the second section oj the side skirts. -

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... A Merkava 3 creates dust and black smoke dun'ng training in northern Israel. The tank's commander and loader observe action to the left of the tank, where other tanks are moving fast. The Barak's marking of a five-pointed star is painted on the n'ght front fender, while the 3 Bet (third tank in Third Platoon) is painted on the left fender. Many hull front details are visible, such as the front pintles, attachments for the mine roller system (Nochn) and the main gun's travel lock. The turret's smoke grenade launchers are empty.

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THE MERKAVA SIMAN 3 IN ACTION

I·lerkava Mk 3 BAl comes to a hard stop. The front road wheels are pushed up because of pressure on the front of the tank. The roof armor and ~ :- .: ramic sight are visible and identify the tank as an Mk 3 BAl. It is the third tank in Third Platoon, Third Company. Its towing cables are on the - - - 5 left side for easy dismantling before use. Most wheels in this tank are made of steel, with the exception of the fourth wheel from the front, -': - has a rubber n·m. ... !

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... A convoy of Merkava Mk 3 • nics belonging to the Sufa Battal:ofl ;'O '{5 prior to an exercise in 'he G c)'" de;q 1:5. The twa closest tanks are 2 c~c; 2 32~ the Second Platoon, w' . e ~ - e -8":: ~ ', tanks are 1 and 1 Bet oj· 12 F";: 010:00n. All Second Compo y (BeL) ~ J,:s 'Jre iden­ bfied by the forl'larc·p i,~ :-' ~~ [he 0 insignia on the side sk:i::..S. T :', ' 9 cables are stovled and seG.rea ~o [' e turret's rear basket. The Bara, Brigaae l or, 'ng is painted an the ig ,t rear fender and the tank's tactical nick is on the left rear fender. All commander helmets and the crew's personal gear are positioned on the machine gun handle and turret's roof The - main guns are at 2 o'clock to enable easy access by the driver.

... --;; ::..;; " J/ ril e l1erkava 11k 3 SAl signals other tanks in the formation using flags. Colored flags are a traditional method of military communica­ ::- :: -. _;', ; flags saves the communications network from conversations dun'ng daytime hours of good visibility. Two grenades remain in the right Th e pattern of the armor on the engine deck and side skirts is clear. The armored shield for the gunners sight is folded up, leaving access .::; ­ [N; day channel through the slot in the shield.

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... A close formation of three l1erkava 11k 3 tanks in a training field in the Golan Heights shows various platoons joining a battle group, with com­ manders and loaders low in their turrets. Soldiers place stretchers, fitted on each tank's rear stowage baskets, on different sides. Dust and smoke mix to the right of the tanks.

THE MERKAVA SIMAN 3 IN ACTIO

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... :. rear view of a Merkava Mk 3 formation reveals a close tank with twa types of markings. Although it is painted and marked as the third tank :.: --:rd Platoon (1 Bet) on the left rear fender; it also has removable tactical signs painted an a rectangular piece of fabric an the turret's basket : ,- -:-:Dj'ing it as the second tank of Third Platoon. The Barak division mark is painted on the right rear fender of this tank, which belongs to the Third ; - 'id) Company. Folded stretcher cannect to the hull's left rear basket in all three tanks.

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... - e leading tank of First Platoon cammono'er splits fram the main farce while the third tank of Third Platoon moves forward. Both tO ri ,1es :=.: -; -_.__ Golan (Gimel) Company of the SUfa Battalion. Note that the antennas, one is thin and the other is thicker; are both painted off-'·· ' :~~ _:: - ~ ~ :ility. The towing cables in this tank are stowed at the rear of the turret.

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IDF ARMOR SERIES NO.2 - MERKAVA SIMAN 3

• This view of Merkava Mk 3 BAl shows the tank preparing to move. The commander, wearing his tankds helmet, gives last-minute instructions to the crew. The third tank in First Platoon of the Third Company (Gimel) has a pair of towing cables attached to the left side of the hull console. The markings are applied to the barrel, side skirts and tactical fabric panel using white paint and black shadow paint.

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• Rear view of a Merkava Mk 3 Rama'k in service with the Bnei-Chail (Braves) Brigade in the Negev Desert. The tank is second in the Second Platoon First Company, Second Battalion, according to its tactical markings. The brigade's tactical emblem appears on the right rear fender, with the number "2" marked inside the tank silhouette. The tank's unique chains and balls screen, hang from the bottom of the turret basket along the rear. The flexi­ ble rear stowage baskets fit to both sides of the hull's rear door, with a small foldable stretcher attached to the basket on the left_

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.... ~ Merkava Mk 3 points its gun toward the camera. The main gun is above the right front fender for easy access for the driver. The narrow silhou­ : ::= if the turret and the large width of the tracks are evident in this photo.

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---: view of a Merkava Mk 3 BAl shows a reinforced KMT 4-type mine roller device called Nochri Degem Gimel (Foreigner model (). The main differ­ :er

_ ~ :2tween the older Nochri and the reinforced version is the main arm structure. The older version, a replica of the Soviet-made KMT 4, is made of ;::;exi­ ::.. . :.=.: ;ound bars. The new Nochri Degem Gimel has a heavy-duty structure made of a rectangular cross-section. The main structure and concept are _ .. : - e, as is the operating procedure. A Merkava with Nochri in motion is an impressive combination, especially in close-up view.

OF ARMOR SERIES NO.2 - MERKAVA SIMAN 3

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The heavy-duty improved KMT 4 mine roller system (Nochri Oegem Gimel) is similar in its structure to the former KMT 4 Nochri Degem Bet. Unlike the direct attachment of the Nochri, which is welded to the rulers in the front of the hull on Merkava Mk 1 and 2, the Nochri Degem Gimel is attached to the Merkava Mk 3 using an adaptor, which is connected to the two front shackles on the tank's hull. Every Nochri system has an identifica­ tion number like every tank or vehicle in the IDF. That identifi­ cation consists of a Tsadi letter and six-digit number.

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A A left side view of the Mk 3 8AZ with a Nochri Degem Gimel mine roller system shows the angle of the smoke grenade launcher and the angled rear turret basket. The third and fifth road wheels has rubber rims, while the other wheels are all steel.

.... In addition to the Merkava's ability to push assault equipment like the Nochn' mine roller system, the tank also pulls and pushes bridges like the "Meyshar" sliding bridge, towed by means of a pair of chains connected to the rear shackles. A discon­ nection device connects to the chains. The loader or commander operotes the device using a rope hanging from the rea O, ':!' e turret basket.

IOF ARMOR SERIES NO.2 - MERKAVA SIMAN 3

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.A. Afront view of a Merkava Mk 3 pulling a "Meyshar" bridge using its rear shackles. The rope and chains that release the tank from its connection the bridge also connect the tank to the bridge so the tank can push the bridge toward an obstacle. The crew can lower the chains to a connecting anchor on the bridge, and adapt the bridge to the tank in a simple way, without leaving the vehicle.

• Merkava Mk 3 BAZ tows a "Meyshar" bridge during an exerdse in the Golan Heights. The angle of the right smoke grenade launcher is visible in this photo.

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THE MERKAVA SIMAN 3 IN ACTION

-'" -Meyshar" bridge, in a noncombat maneuver, is towed by a Merkava Mk 3 with its turret traversed to the rear, while the hull pulls the bridge ~ ':. The traversed turret allows the commander to have increased visibility amid other tanks and trees.

IDF ARMOR SERIES NO.2 - MERKAVA SIMAN 3

... A pair of Merkava Mk 3 tanks park side by side near the viI/age of Metula during the events of summer 2006. The tank at left is an Mk 3 BAl w: its narrow turret front silhouette, while the tank at right is an Mk 3D with its added-on turret armor modules that give the turret a much wider lOG Both tanks are part of the Second Battalion of the Bnei-Or Brigade.

...A tank convoy of the Barak Brigade crosses a road in the Golan Heights during maneuvers between training sessions. The Merkava Mk 3 Ramaqh uses tires spread on the road to prevent damaging the asphalt.

THE MERKAVA SIMAN 3 IN AC'rlON .. -, 2 markings on a Merkava Mk 3

of the Sufa Battalion, the 1st of - = 3arak Brigade, include a star '" - : ,em on the right rear fender and .:.-= r:'1 ain gun's single white strap. The as an 11 Gimel marking on the -s=- -Earfender. ~-i

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,OJrepares his crew to move. The

,'ghts are on and the main gun is

~:; in its travel lock. The tank

- - ~s to the 2nd Battalion of the

: -School, and is the 3rd tank in

::. : -1 Platoon of 4th Company. Note

'" :~ierent types of road wheels and

'" _--:]ins of sand and oil along the

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21

IDF ARMOR SERIES NO.2 - MERKAVA SIMAN 3

THE MAN AND THE MACHINE The Merkava Mk 3 crew consists of a commander, loader, gunner and driver. This is their story. Each crewman is trained to be skilled in per­ forming more than his own duties. For instance, the commander as a gunner, and the loader is trained as a driver. ~ A company commander in his tank secures his Glilon 5.56 rifle to the typical bracket. The commander wears fire-resistant Nomex overalls and gloves and a new helmet, which is based on the same model used by helicopter pilots.

T A commander and loader of a Merkava Mk 3 BAZ in their typical locations in the tank's turret. Many fea­ tures of the turret devices are clearly visible in this photograph, including the commanders and loaders machine guns, protected gunner's sight, panoramic sight in front of the commander, and detector on top of the gun shield.

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: =--ewmembers of a Merkava Mk 3 take a break between training sessions. They wear Nomex flame-resistant overalls and gloves, while their .:::-.:: vests and harnesses are left behind on top of the turret. The roof armor and empty grenade launcher are evident in this picture. The soldiers ~ _':::Jed with the IMI-made Galil rifles, with their stocks unfolded. - , =-,:,':

of a Merkava Mk 3 BAZ rests. The driver stands in his compartment sb'll connected to the VICl intercom system via the wiring harness.

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A Tank crewmembers listen to instruc­ tions given by the platoon commander in front of a Merkava Mk 3 tank. The stocks of their Ga/il rifles are unfolded. The smoke grenade launcher is shown here, with red stenciling on the upper side indicating the manufacturers name and catalog numbers.

~

A tank commander of the Merkava Mk 3 BAl stands on the turret of a tank marked 11 Gimel on the tactical insignia panel. The soldier wears air­ cooled overalls designed by the Kinetics Co. The overalls feature a connection plug in the bottom of the front zipper. Note the three antennas and the different chain and ball lengths.

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_.:. 01. Ze'ev Sharoni, commander of the

:._=:: 5attalion at the time, gives instruc­

---, _sing a portable communication - .-~_ The officer wears standard Nomex - _.3. with the Suja battalion patch, ~ .- :"ries the shortened version of the

e- commander of the Land Forces, Uri Sagi, (standing at nght) . _ :'" early Merkava Mk 3 for a live -: "":.-:'""1tion. The officer at left is Col. : 10n, then commander of the Armor __ "Jte the early, longer version of ~ :~ . ,d sensor mast to the left of : :-_-::{ v/ater container. c~ -

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IOF ARMOR SERIES NO.2 - MERKAVA SIMAN 3

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A captain (Seren) leans on G 1151 soft-top vehicle. He wears Nomex standard overalls, v\lith the Sufa battalion Datch on tile left side of his chest. A tactical insignia pene! is attached to the spare tire of the 'Iehicle. T Two technicians from the Battalion Ordnance

Team (Macha'g) check a part removed from the /0k 3 povler pack because of technical failure. The tank's power pack was lifted and mounted on a five-ton Reo truck, equipped with a strong crane called chetz (arrow). The vehicle is mount­ ed on four hydraulically operated arms.

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THE MAN AND THE MACHINE

The co oorJ '5 :~:-- ' :.~. :~:­ (chata'p ) . 0":2.5 :-:: ::-::-:-: - : before removin" :' ~ :::.',:­ pack for repair 0 ' (j _~_~ . .: : ' . The upper mounted ceo ',; fans are clearly visible. l ate the easy accessibility to the power pack when the turret is traversed to 3 o'clock.

IDF ARMOR SERIES NO.2 - MERKAVA SIMAN 3

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THE MACHINE A ND_ THE MAN,. --=-_ main gun IS, sto red on both sides ,of 'dor between the fighting - - nition jor the 120mm ,--;; - --! 5 rear door, leaVIng , a clearh'cornrovides increased accessib il­ - ~ cmen , t and the rear door. T, IS =--: wounded Infantrym en on ,a ,stretcher

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-• -- :;:'/s soldiers to carry , The shells are indIVidually for supplies. • -.:oers more room d to the hull. - - ~~':1 fire-resistant canisters secure

types 0if 120mm shells, - =-,: Jded J'fyom the transportation e -_ _~ :' age canisters to re-arm th Mk 3 tank. - ~ rent

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the - V,erkava Mk 3 crew unloads fy m . unition canisters J' 0 - - - amm , mainte­ · ' :ank in accordance With · -~ -egulatlOns. 'The tank belongs -- irst Platoon of t he 6th d Venus - --: - --ny In'the battalion as marke --- ~ left rear fender. Markings on --- bove the n'ght rear fender ;= - _ 'x a ks if terror­ - --te three killing mar 0 I - _·oar . - the bo~der. Although thehso ­ - . --~ I if!: wears overa lis , two ot er =. . s e wear main. tenance field cloth­ -;:- :~ d two types of field hats. --0

IOF ARMOR SERIES NO.2 - MERKAVA SIMAN 3

... Chata'p mechanical techrr dans add engine and transrr:. sion oils after re-installation ~ the power pack. Even during routine maintenance, the Ga. rifle hangs on the side skirt mounting for immediate use. The dusty and oily exhaust q­ adds color to the tank's sana· yellow appearance.

T The Armored Corps once arranged competitions between teams from different brigades to encourage excellence among the units. Various skills We demonstrated such as gunnery. maneuverability, and track removal and installation. Here, a Mk 3 crew workts to reconnect the track ends while thE driver (not visible) remains in his compartment for further commands. The working area is marked with white on the ground.

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... The crew of a heavily scratched Merkava Mk 3 extracts a pin from a damaged track link. The link was sprayed with yellow paint after the track VI checked for cracks in the steel links. The tank was driven to a stage where the marked link rests between the sprocket and the first road wheel. Too' used in this photograph include a 5-kilogram hammer and a long holder for the No. 1 undersize extracting punch that will make the first extracting move of the pin.

Connecting pin

\ Securing bushing

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Center guide

... ~ The structure of the Merkava Mk 3 track links is radically simple, consisting of the main body of the link that uses forged steel, one pin and two securing bushings for each pin. The guiding teeth, in the single link on the bottom of this drawing, prevent the tank from sliding in or out from the track. ~

Tank crews wear different types of clothing duri . training. The soldier at the left wears fire-resistant Nomex overalls and gloves, while the soldiers at tho right wear standard field uniforms, including infan. webbing for guard tasks.

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- -:; :cmk crew's new weapon is the AR15 5.56 rifle, which replaced the heavy GaUl or GUion IMI-made rifles. Soldiers take a water break in front

<3 and Mk 3 Dalet with the markings of the 2nd Battalion in the brigade. During non-combat downtime and when in the field, many units ~ -:;

small, multi-use diesel generator for electricity.

IOF ARMOR SERIES NO.2 - MERKAVA SIMAN 3

.A. ~ Two Merkava Mk 3 tanks park

side by side, which leaves a shaded area between the tanks covered with a camouflaged net near the northern Israeli border. Soldiers pull the net in place to cover the turret after remov­ ing antennas from their masts.

THE MEN AND THE MACHINE

- - flrmor officer must supervise loading or unloading a tank from a tank transporter. Here, an officer stands high on the traile(s bridge, giving .' :0 the tank's driver. These officers use a specific signaling language for directing the tank. -"':2r the tank is loaded and secured to the traile(s bed, the officer signs the transportation voucher presented by the OAF (MAN) tank transporter's

;:.

anks are transported without antennas and machine guns.

-

35

IDF ARMOR SERIES NO.2 - MERKAVA SIMAN 3

THE MERKAVA SIMAN 3 IN DETAIL The gunner sight of the Merkava 3 is similar to the Magach 6B Gal's, especially its external head assembly. The periscope head, protected on all sides, uses a folding split-front armored shield. In the daytime, the gunner can operate the sight when the shield is in its raised position by using a slot in the left section (when pointing forward). The right channel operates the night elbow and is operational only when the right armored shield is folded down. The shield halves fold up and down from inside the turret.

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/ - } Mk 3 upper turret sections, visible on this page, have extensive differences. The roof armor modules in the upper photo are of an early type, as :- ;; TRP commander's sight between the box and the machine gun mount and the 60mm mortar armored housing. In the lower photo, the roof - . . is a later version, as are the mortar dust cover, protective structure and commander's typical panoramic sight. The loader's rotating periscope, - ~'eground, is identical in both Mk 3 versions.

IOF ARMOR SERIES NO.2 - MERKAVA SIMAN 3

~

Clear views of the Merkava Mk 3 BAZ show supplemental roof armor and the straight side armor consoles that cover the turrE: race. Smoke grenade launchers and many attachments are fitted to the turret's sides and front, including the short version of tr, crosswind sensor mast (upper picture). Soldiers secure the towing cable end by means of a chain. The turret, traversed to the n: .~o ~: _-ender, reveals the driver's access hatch.

MERKAVA SIMAN 3 IN DETAIL

.. The Merkava Mk 3 turret, traversed a bit to the right, exposes the upper deck of the rear hull. Two fuel cells are placed on both sides of the rear door, while a flexible stowage basket is visible to the rear of each cell. The stowage boxes along the hull's side consoles store equipment and the tank's electn·cal batteries, which designers relocated from the turret and rear of the hull offormer Merkava variants.

.... The small turret basket in the Merkava Mk 3 has a low profile and stores some tank and crew gear. The rear hull's stowage baskets fill the gap in stowage capacity. The antenna mounts arrangement is visible in the lower photo.

3

IOF ARMOR SERIES NO.2 - MERKAVA SIMAN 3

..

.. The turret sides in the rear house many attachments. These include, from left, the laser warning sensor; two brackets for smoke cans and an add'· tional antenna port (left photo). Other attachments, in right photo, are a spare track link, crosswind sensor mast, jerry can support, antenna moun: and another warning sensor.

.. The fitting of identical launchers to the right and left sides of the turret is different for each side. The left launcher (right) connects to the brae. .­ on the upper side and "hangs" from the bracket while the right launcher (left) fits the bracket's lower side and "sits" on the bracket. Both launchc tilt outward from the tank's center line.

... - I, ) '/;e~';s : -" :: ~

of the six-round smoke grenade launcher show it in the open position. While the one in the left picture is expose its internal details, ~; -: 5 0 _ 1'! 5 the cover folded to the side, exposing the six grenades ready to be launched.

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MERKAVA SIMAN 3 IN DETAIL

:- ;:irical harnesses connect the operating box inside the turret and the launchers. Lifting hooks in the rear of each launcher easy removal of this heavy device. A locking L-shaped handle also is found in the rear of the launcher. Since the launcher is -::-::[11 on both sides, note how the lifting hooks are in the upper rear on one side, but in the lower rear when the launcher is ~ :!ed on the opposite side in an upside down position.

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41

I

IOF ARMOR SERIES NO.2 - MERKAVA SIMAN 3

A The commander's hatch tilts to its full open and secured position in the Mk 3 SAl. The tilting shaft and its housing are visible inside the turret ir the commander's location. The commander's machine gun fits to an angled ammunition box that supports a conical feeding roller.

... --::; .Jccers access hatch, at right, and the commander's access hatch, at left, are identical. These late-version hatches differ from earlier version" - :.: r ::~ ~J en and close. Although the loader's hatch lifts up and back for opening, the commander's hatch slides on a vertical shaft.

MERKAVA SIMAN 3 IN DETAIL

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-- : -: covers the rear storage basket connected to the turret, thus protecting it from rain and sand damage. Soldiers secure 7.62 _-:-:on boxes, with two spare 250 rounds each, to the rear of the turret for immediate use by the commander and loader. The ::.-- :doning system louver is under the loaders hatch.

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IOF ARMOR SERIES NO.2 -

MERKAVA SIMAN 3

.A. Tank commanders use several channels in their communication sets and

frequently install additional channel selectors in their tanks, positioned in accessible locations as shown in this photo. The 60mm mortar is missing its metal protective structure.

~ Note

the round cover with the handle in front of the commander's hatch, compared to the installed sight in same location as in the lower photo on page 45. ;- :: ~',::.;"

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.A. The pivot mount for the commander's hatch can be seen here inside the turret. The hatch is opened in the Mk 3 by raising it and rotating counterclockwise and to the rear. The mechanism and the rotating shaft are inside the white cylinder.

MERKAVA SIMAN 3 IN DETAIL

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=":e fixed periscopes surround the commander's location, with a larger rotating periscope in the upper part of his hatch. The rotating periscopes in ~ = photos are in opposite directions, while the hatch is in the same angle. The commander in the left photo has no panoramic sight even though _ ~ jrret was prepared jor installation of the equipment. Note the cover with the handle at left, compared to the installed sight in the same location .:,-~ right picture.

-- early Merkava Mk 3 tanks, the TRP rotating sight was in front of the commander, similar to its placement in the Mk 2 (left photo). Designers :_2d the panoramic sight, equipped with a protective shutter, in the Merkava 3 BAZ, instead of the TRP,

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.A. The photos on this page compare the new round loader's hatch to the old oval type.

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MERKAVA SIMAN 3 IN DETAIL

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-eor part of the early Mk 3 turret stores two additional electrical batteries, near the basket, and the NBC filtering system in the ;- ) .'In in the middle of the upper photo. In later Merkava Mk 3 tanks, designers replaced the NBC filtering system with an air­ : ,ing system, signified by a grille in a similar location (lower photo).

lDF ARMOR SERIES NO.2 - MERKAVA SIMAN 3

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.... These photos present two versions of the 60mm mortar dust cover and shield. At left is the early type of armored protection used on the produc­ tion versions of several Mk 3 tanks. Using the more common, late-type dust cover and protective structure, rubber plugs block both mortar muzzles, preventing the entry of water and sand. '~~~~~;$~~~~~~~ 'l ...."'"

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of {mor of a Merkava Mk 3, which looks like a small table, leaves space for the location of the 60mm mortar. Note the triangular lifting

: =::!-£O ':0 the armor modules.

MERKAVA SIMAN 3 IN DETAil

-nree laser warning sensors surround the Mk 3 turret. One is above the main gun mantlet, with two more near the rear of each side of the turret. - ~ .70nt sensor attaches to a bracket that is connected to the gun shield (left) , while the side sensors (at right) connect to the turret side. The two - - - j metal supports are used for smoke cans.

A The triangular bracket for the laser warning sensor is clearly visible here, as is its electrical wiring harness. The round flange for the attach­ ment of the .50-caliber machine gun is behind the front sensor.

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Note the roof armor modules and lifting tri­ angle pintles. The coaxial or parallel machine gun is located in the slot. Gunsmoke stain and carbone residue are clearly visible here.

OF ARMOR SERIES NO.2 - MERKAVA SIMAN 3

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... The Merkava Mk 3 uses different designs in many systems and locations. Two dust covers and shields for the main gun are visible here. At left, the later type of upper metal shield is visible. At right, the traditional fabric dust cover seals completely the gap between the main gun and the turret.

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... -"e 120mm main gun of the Mk 3 shows its thermal sleeve sections and the large gas evacuating cylinder. The gun's tip is black, while the rest ~ : :-:; ;- 0" .+1 wh ite and black marking straps. The single white strap with black shadow indicates that the tank belongs to the 1st Battalion. ThE : - - : ~- :;'5 :.::r e -' ermal sleeve are in the upper part of the gun.

THE MERKAVA SIMAN 3 IN ACTION

-.=- gin weapon of the Mk 3 is a smoothbore 120mm gun, shown here fUlly assembled as part of the 2000 Military Technology Exhibition near - , e thermal sleeve fits to the external front section of the gun. ~ The gun is secured in the typical trav­ ellock between the thermal sleeve's rear section and the gas cylinder.

III.. The gun manufacturer added four drilled extensions along the front edge of the gas cylinder for easy opening of the locking ring during maintenance.

T Note the night-glaring indicator attached to the upper part of the gUn muzzle.

51

rDF ARMOR SERIES NO.2 ~

MERKAVA SIMAN 3

I.'ie fIIerkava Mk 3 features sev­

eral patterns of engine comport­

ment decks. The one shown here has rivets on the deck's upper sur­ face. The triangular lifting pintles enable removal of the deck during maintenance. The locking handle of the rota6ng front cover of the transmission section also is visible. This closeup reveals the course anti-skid sUrface mate­ rial that covers many areas of the tank.

This photo provides details on the driver's access hatch, surrounding area and grilles. The driver's position is next to the engine and transmission compartment, thus many cooling levers are found in this loca60n. Note the three penscopes in front of the driver's position. The driver's hatch rotates outward to allow easy accessibility when the turret is traversed clockwise slightly. J;.

J;. The driver's hatch opens in a gO-degree rotation until stopped by a limiter, revealing the full entry to the compartment while the turret is traversed slightly.

MERKAVA SIMAN 3 IN DETAIL

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' ,' a'n'ver's compartment is between the engine compartment, at n'ght, and the _: ull console, The bulkhead between the engine and dn'ver's compartments is :ent in the lower photo, Three pen'scopes are in the front of the dn'ver.

The parts and assembly of the driver's hatch

.... The steen'ng handle and accelerator pedal (n'ght) and brake pedal (center) are in comfortable positions for the driver. Three periscopes are in the front of the dn'ver.

-r, e driver's seat is directly below the access hatch, so the driver can position :elf quickly, The seat height can be adjusted using the mechanism at left,

... Most driving instruments and switches are in the main panel to the left and front of the driver. The red safety locks, attached to the switches, prevent inadvertent operation of the driving systems,

... A rear view of the Merkava Mk 3, with the power pack in the hull front removed, shows easy access to the rear hull. The open box, at right, h : ~ the driver's tools, mainly used on track links. A pair of flexible baskets connects to the rear fuel cells for storage of the crew's personal gear. A s foldable stretcher is secured to the left basket.

... The traversed turret in these photos allows a rare glimpse of the pioneer tools on the upper rear section of the hull, as well as the covers of th: filling caps of the rear fuel cells.

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ohoto of the two covers to the filling caps show that the left covers is for diesel fuel for the fuel cell while the right is for drinking wat€:: s-:'oping devises for the pioneer tool and a lifting hook are seen on the left, while a top shot at right shows the inner filling caps.

MERKAVA SIMAN 3 IN DETAIL

... The rear hull fenders house several stowage boxes. The box at left divides into two sections, with the first-aid kit stored in the left side and the right side reserved for the rear intercom VICl set. The other box, at right, holds various driver tools, including all equipment used to install and extract the tank's track pins.


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... -,e Mk 3'5 rear door is in the center of the rear hull between the two fuel cells. The door consists of two sections, upper and lower, opened c= =:her by a single mechanism. The horizontal black bar in the upper door section is the external opening handle, while the white lever in the ~~ side of the corridor is the internal handle. A glimpse into the corridor reveals several of the extra 120mm ammunition canisters.

55

IOF ARMOR SERIES NO.2 - MERKAVA SIMAN 3

... The Merkava designers planned a unique solution for storing the crew's personal equipment that allows easy accessibility. Two flexible baskets on the rear side of the two rear fuel cells hang from an upper bar structure. Each basket is made of fabric, which offers increased flexibility. The assembly also includes several Toga plates connected by metal rings. The crew mounts the assembly in its upper frame, the bottom of the basket follows the "leaving" angle of the tank, in case an obstacle hits it.

Fabric insert

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se of emergency, the crew extracts two securing -' e iower plate. The equipment then falls to

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"rHE MERKAVA SIMAN 3 IN DETAIL

.; view of the hull front shows the Nochri connecting rulers, two towing pin ties, shape of the engine and transmission deck's special design. This - : gement leaves a clear area for driver observation. Foldable clear main lights are on both sides of the hull.

-I ~~--~--------T The Merkava Mk 35 front lights consist of a single clear light on each side of the tank, attached to the foldable mount and cover. Unlike the "~"li\'a

Mk 1 and 2, the Merkava Mk 3 does not have an infrared light. During daylight, the assembly folds down into the hull to prevent damage.

----­

57

IOF ARMOR SERIES NO.2 - MERKAVA SIMAN 3

... The early design of the Merkava Mk 3's suspension featured a reinforced front road wheel that is no long ~ used. The advanced running gear consists of six pairs of road wheels mounted on trailing arms in paired assemblies. The tanks absorb shocks through sets of tilted helical spn'ng assemblies. Each side of the tank features three single wheels and two double wheels that support the upper level trocks (known as the Vicke r: concept). The sprocket wheel assemblies fit to the final dn've in front of the tank, while the idler wheel is ir the rear.

... A clear view of the sprocket wheels with the mud-clearing device between the two sprockets is visible in the left picture. Also, note the wear marks on the sprocket teeth. The massive idler wheel has special holes in the n'm surface that touches the track. The design reduces weight, fndion and mud buildup.

THE MERKAVA SIMAN 3 IN DETAIL

Left final

... The sprocket assembly fits in the upper front of the running gear, thus creating the approaching angle of the track. In this Mk 3, the crew detached the front side skirt from its mount because of a collision with another tank. Removal of the side skirt reveals the suspension's structure. ~

~

.... A pair of sprocket wheels fitted to a carrier on each side of the tank's front drives the track. The cam·er attaches to the output shaft of the final drive assembly that operates as a reduction gear.

Sprocket wheels

. ucture of the Mk 3's unique suspension is visible in these photos. The structure of the trailing arm and hub is also detailed in the drawing on ote the angle of the tilted helical springs and the hydraulic bumpers. .... The polished track's center teeth are evident in the left photo. This shiny part rusts quickly if the tank operates infrequently. Note the two types of road wheels in the photos at right. The rubberized rim wheel has an insert inside the n·m to prevent mud buildup.

THE MERKAVA SIMAN 3 IN DETAIL

• The sprocket assembly fits in the upper front of the running gear, thus creating the approaching angle of the track. In this Mk 3, the crew detached the front side skirt from its mount because of a collision with another tank. Removal of the side skirt reveals the suspension's structure. ~

~

.... A pair of sprocket wheels fitted to a carn'er on each side of the tank's front dn'ves the track. The carn'er attaches to the output shaft of the final dn've assembly that operates as a reduction gear.

Sprocket wheels

- -:: structure of the Mk 3's unique suspension is visible in these photos. The structure of the trailing arm and hub is also detailed in the dra wing on ~~ 58, Note the angle of the tilted helical spn'ngs and the hydraulic bumpers. .... The polished track's center teeth are evident in the left photo. This shiny part rusts quickly if the tank operates infrequently. Note the two types of road wheels in the photos at n'ght. The rubben'zed n'm wheel has an insert inside the n'm to prevent mud buildup.

59

IOF ARMOR SERIES NO.2 - MERKAVA SIMAN 3

Leaf-spring IT :

Side

~

~ser _

/

Triangular lower support

\

C,,,""

~bolts

wast :.

... The triangular support for each side skirt pair mounts on a leaf spring. There are five supports, like the ones on each side of the tank, mounting ~ side skirt plates on each support. The crew secures each side skirt, which hangs on the upper part on the central bracket, using heavy-duty bolts.

•

".

... This photo shows three rear skirt sections on the left side of the tank, numbered 18,19 and 20. Each side has 10 sections. Chains on both en ds secure each pair.

•

o .&. /, e shape of the triangular support can be seen by the location of the securing bolts. The side skirts also mount by bent upper hangers. Notice the: ~ -?

- c) i 'ng of side skirts 3 and 4 on the right is different only in the attachment of the central bracket because of its location adjacent to the

THE MERKAVA SIMAN 3 IN DETAIL

A Besides the mounting in the upper part and the securing bolts, the crew secures the side skirts to each other-and to the hull's side­

_-'ng chains. Welded plates on each side skirt feature the serial number, positioning number and bars that indicate the armor generation :: ird in the photo at right).

-wo access doors are on the hull's left console. The left door, located in the side front, allows access to the fire extinguishing manual operation The door in the middle photo is for auxiliary starting of the tank by another tank using a special eledrical harness. The whole rear stowage - In the right is for oil and lubricant cans.

~

~ =_ms.

;:17 photos show the tensioning devices assembled in the hull's lower ends. Although in the Merkava Mk 1 and 2 tanks these devices were operated ~_ - ·ng a large screw mechanism, the ones in the Merkava Mk 3 operate hydraulically, using a spare track pin as a handle. The detachable lower . f the rear baskets are clearly visible in these photos.

rOF ARMOR SERIES NO.2 - MERKAVA SIMAN 3 ~ ~.~ l·ierkava Mk 3's four crew members work as a team to operate one of ::-.e most sophisticated war machines in the world.

A The Commander's Position: 1. Commander's periscopes 2. Commander's sight channel 3. Commander's panoramic sight 4. Commander's contro.

Handle/joystick. 5. Smoke grenade launcher contral box. 6. Commander's contral panel 7. Communication contral box 8. Housing for commander's hatch-opening mechanism

... T The Gunner's Position: 1. Gunner's control grips 2. Gunner's air-conditior­

ing hose 3. Manual traversing handle 4. Gunner's main contral panel 5. Gunner's night elbow 6. Gunner's sight and rangefinder

THE MERKAVA SIMAN 3 IN DETAIL

.. The Loader's Position: 1. Loader's periscope 2. 60mm breech-loaded mortar 3. Main gun breech and safety cover 4. Coaxial machine gun cradle 5. Loader's control and safety buttons

A. The Loader's Position: 6. Box containing 2,000 rounds of ammunition for coaxial machine gun 7. Five-round rotating carousel for 120mm rounds ;" Gunner protecting shield

.... TThe Driver's Position: 1. Driver's periscopes 2. Driver's seat and mounting vertical structure 3. RPM indicator 4. Drivers back rest 5. Dn"vers steering grips 6. Drivers audio­ visual command communicator 7. Gear selecting handle

63

F ARMOR SERIES NO.2 -

MERKAVA SIMAN 3

... The commander's machine gun and its cradle are identical in all Merkava Mk 1, 2 and 3 derivatives except for the way they are attached to the turret. The commander can aim the gun toward a threat and elevate it to the "raised barrel" position with the help of two helical springs. Note the multiple color tones of the MAG 7.62 machine gun's dusty blackened metal.

7.62mm ammunition box support

/

Swivel mount for the commander's light

projector

\ Helical spring for easy elevation

/

Locking machanism

and handle

THE MERKAVA SIMAN 3 IN DETAIL

~ The loader is responsible for two machine guns. One is the internal coaxial, left of the main gun breech, and the other is an external MAG mounted on a swivel arm, as shown in this photo. Loaders use two versions of the MAG machine gun, one with a wooden stock (shown here) and one without the stock. The machine gun and its swivel arm are locked in 12 o'clock position.

7.62mm ammunition

box support

~

_. stment lock

\ ~

Multi'position locking plate

IDF ARMOR SERIES NO.2 -

MERKAVA SIMAN 3

... Many accessories fit on the Merkava Mk 3 using specially designed adaptors. The crew attaches others directly to the hull. The left photo shows an adaptor for the KMT 4 "Nochri degem Dalet" mine-clearing system, while the right photo shows a state-of-the-art battering-ram pushing device. Both devices connect to the front towing pintles.

... The Merkava Mk 3, like other IDF tanks, can tow and push portable bridges toward an obstacle or anti-tank ditch. The tank crew can tow another vehicle using the rear adaptor, as shown in the left photo. They use the front adaptor in the right photo during the final pushing operation. These two adaptors fit on the front and rear towing pintles.

, ~,

... The IDF uses a unique hands-on method in basic and advanced tank crew training like the tank commanders and platoon commanders school. - " i structor's chair, or "Kise Gannan" (kindergarten teacher's chair), has armor on three sides and massive handles for the instructor to use durir~ : := : ",: a euvers. This special choir fits to the upper left rear of the turret behind the loader's hatch. Note that the SUfa vehicle chairs fit into tr, :- :'~: : ' 1 ;': provide additional comfort.

E MERKAVA SIMAN 31N DETAIL-POWER PACK :.. . this beautiful overall photo of a field maintenance operation, the tank crew removes -~1e Merkava Mk 3's BAZpower pack using a military crane mounted on a "REO" truck. ~:1is Merkava belongs to the Sufa Battalion of the Barak Brigade. Placement of the turret ~: 3 o'clock allows full accessibility.

- ,

.'

--: -~ ­ -.,;...,.

~

The power pack of the Merkava 3 is a 1,200 HP, air-cooled diesel engine with 12 cylinders. It couples with an automatic transmission, painted ,ite to the left of the engine in both photos. The transmission's round flange connects to the final dn've's input shaft in the hull. Large oil coolers :-e on both sides of the engine.

A. The power pack has a symmetn'cal shape that allows proper installation and removal from the engine compartment. The large H-shaped sling lifts : -2

power pack in a balanced way. Large fans in the upper part of the engine keep the power pack cool.

67

IDF ARMOR SERIES NO.2 - MERKAVA SIMAN 3

.­

.... Here is another combination of the crane vehicle and Merkava Mk 3 in a power pack removal operation. The crew mounts the vehicle on stabilized supports and places the Merkava power pack either on a special metal stand (see page 67) or directly on the ground, as seen in this photo. The flat oil pan in the engine's bottom requires such approaches. The tank's engine compartment deck lies on the ground at right.

.... More power pack photos show the boxed design, oil coolers and large cooling fans. ~ Large turbochargers, located between the engine and the transmission, have cold and hot parts - that look rusted because of heat from the exhaust gases.

TACTICAL SIGNS-NO ONE ALIKE

CTICAL SIGNS-NO ONE AUKE -:::th all armored fighting vehicles (AFVs) and the soft-skin 0..-": !es in the IDF's service, insignia development for the Merkava :. :s clear and systematic. The guiding insignia principle is that -: ) atforrn should carry the markings that will allow other mem­ -=..:, f the formation to identify the vehicle as belonging to one of =- - 1 unit grades, such as platoon, company, battalion and --';2 e. ....:..:. specific AFV in the formation also can be identified by an -;:Ua that combines numbers and letters painted on the tactical -.=!ings panels attached to the AFV. Tactical markings panels, _-=::-. are shown on several Merkava Mk 3 and 3D tanks in this =---jon, feature markings that use one or two digits. The markings - :he rear fenders also are visible.

Notes

Chevron points down Chevron points towards front of the vehicle Chevron points up Chevron points towards rear of the vehicle

Compamy

Tactical Sign

y /

"l

/\

>

I

F:.,.--rl

Second

Third

Fourth

---,

--,

Fifth

I

IDF ARMOR SERIES NO.2 - MERKAVA SIMAN 3

... This photo shows most AFV markings. The tank is the 2nd (called Goor, or puppy in English) in the 3rd Platoon, as marked on three sides of the turret basket's large tactical markings panels. (Two sides are shown here.) The tank's markings also are painted on the left front fender. The next for­ mation marked on the tank is the backward-pointing chevron on the side skirt, which indicates the 4th Company, as do the four stripes on the left front fender. The markings also reveal that this tank belongs to the 2nd Battalion in the brigade, as marked on the right front fender. The shield is tr-: brigade's marking. The battalion number is painted inside the shield.

... Tank crews of IDF are sometimes applying the markings in opposite sides than the standard regulations, In this case the Brigade emblem Battalion number are marked on the front left fender, where the Platoon is marked on the right one.

~

.... The battalion number also :, indicated by stripes painted or :­ front section of the main gun, ~ cally using black paint to outli- ~ white stripe. In some cases, tr: stripes are shaded on one sidc_ ­ long white stnpe, known as n r -­ Yanush, " is painted along the -_ part of the barrel's length, ser.:: a rough position of the gun ir time for direct aiming.

TACTICAL SIGNS-NO ONE ALIKE

·-c:;lr~/rt~ -:~:~.-

.. ... ~

.

"", ~ --

J .

.: '"

.

... The brigade insignia is not as important for identifying the tank's unit, but it is marked in accordance with tradition. Crews paint the marking on : e tank's front and rear fenders, sometimes adding the battalion number within the insignia. Here are three examples of brigade emblems, with :attalion number, as painted on Merkava Mk 3 tanks.

... In some cases, soldiers paint the battalion marking on the right rear fender. The brigade mark is positioned on the far right side of the fender. 'Jther tanks position the mark in the center.

!liii!l_

_

_ ;";;:=

.li.Markings on the left rear fender indicate the company number and tank number in the formation (platoon number and type of puppy tank). The markings, from left, are la'am (anger) , 5th Company in the brigade with tank silhouette; 2 Bet of Lahav (blade) , 8th company in the brigade; and 3 Bet of the 4th Company. All markings differ in shape and content.

The tactical markings panels attach to three sides of the turret basket and are made of fabric called Shimshonit, the Hebrew word for Samsonite. Markings on these panels indicate only the tank's position in the platoon. A single number indicates the commander of the 1st, 2nd or 3rd platoon. An additional Hebrew letter; such as Alef (A) or Bet (B), indicates the first or second "puppy" in the platoon. Other combinations of letters and/or numbers provide additional identification information.

71

IOF ARMOR SERIES NO.2 - MERKAVA SIMAN 3

Painting the Merkava Mk 3 8az:

1. After completing the model's assembly, and before any paint is air-brushed, make sure to wash the kit with water and a mild detergent to remove any oily substances that accumulated on the surfaces during production or assembly, then rinse and dry. Paints used in this model:

Mr. Resin Primer surfacer. Tamiya XF-1 (flat

black), XF-2 (flat white), XF-25 (light gray),

XF-62 (olive drab) , XF-65 (field gray), XF-49

(khaki), XF-59 (desert yellow), XF-57 (buff),

XF-7 (flat red), XF-64 (red brown) and

X-11 (chrome silver) to be finished with

van'ous pastel powders,

2. Before the basic color is applied, air-brush the entire model with Mr. Resin Primer to check for surface defects and dust, and to create a good base for the next step-painting with acrylic paints,

3. Air-brush the entire model again, now with the IDF AFV basic color made from XF-25, XF-62 and XF-65 mixed in a 6:3:1 ratio. 4. The first step in the weathen'ng stage is to add a few drops of FX-1 to some of the basic color that was set aside, Dilute and air-brush all recessed lines, and into gn'/ls and other installed details to add the shadows and give the surface of the model some depth.

-:

' -- ; -

--::.:

--

~-

brushing and 0:-,, - :~ _- -; 6. Paint the track using XF-l

::;5 : :: , -: :: _: ­

Then apply diluted XF-64 to depict (usc.. ::-- -: __ dry-brush the sUrface of the tracks and teerr c/ the sprockets with a small amount of XF-ll . This must be done carefully to ensure that the color is not too intense.

7. Paint of various canvas areas like the turret basket, .50-caliber bag, inserts and covers for the rear crew baskets, and the roof mortar cover. This should be done with care using masking to cover up unwanted overspaying. Use XF-49 as the basic color, followed by dry­ brushing with XF-59. For the second stage, dry-brush XF-57 followed by a final dry-brush with a mixture of XF-57 and XF-2.

8. At this stage, use a small brush to paint some

of the accent parts in red (XF-7), ammunition boxes in olive green, wooden stocks, guns, water jerry cans, etc.

9. Dry-brushing is divided into three steps:

A. Basic color and XF-25: dry-brush the

relatively flat and wide areas in the

turret and hull.

B. XF-25: dry-brush the higher sUrfaces and other raised parts. C. XF-25 and XF-2: dry-brush the highest parts such as the hatches, grills and bolts. 10. Paint the markings (refer to marking section

in the book) using XF-2, adding a small amount of XF-59 to reduce the brightness of the white and give a natural and aged look.

IOF ARMOR SERIES NO.2 - MERKAVA SIMAN 3

11. Mix various pastels (mainly earth tones,

various browns, black and yellow) and carefully apply them to tracks, wheels and to the lower part of the model, and then in some way to the overall model, to depict dust, sand and rust. Weathering in small scale should be done as a progressive process, where you keep adding in small increments, and check yourself in the process. This is when the real fun begins and where you should apply your talent and build your experience.

12. Apply clear or top coat to proted the pastels and create an even tone.

13. After the clear coat is dry, dust the overall model with some light brown and yellow pastels to give it the dusty look and feeling of real tanks since these vehicles spent most of their time in the sun and in dusty conditions.

Sit back and enjoy your work.

-~---

I

.,

"­

­

MERKAVA SIMAN 3

The Merkava Mk 3 Baz (Fakon), main battle tank of the IDF, is an IsraelI-buill wonder that integrates state-of-the-art tecJmology and innovative design. These tanks have helped keep Israel secure for more than a decade and have seen action in the 2006 Lebanon campaign, as well as routine security operations along Israel's borders. Intemationally acclaimed mF annor expert It. Col. (Res.) Michael Mass-along with his partner, Rafy Levy, the editor aIld graphic designer, and their contri.buting editor JoAnn Sperber-brings the Merkava Mk 3 Baz to life in his latest book. The tank, which entered IDF service in 1990, features an advanced suspension system, more powerful engine and transmISsion, bigger main gun, and special armor modules. Desert Eagle Publishing, in cooperation with Legend Productions, is honored to bring this series to modeling aficionados and armor enthusiasts who will revel in a treasure trove of more thall 100 one-of-a-kind photographs and detailed technical drawings of the Merkava Mk 3 Baz. This book, like its criticaUy acclaimed predecessor, is using an exten­ sive collection of never-before-seen photographs that takes readers into the Merkava Mk 3 Baz for a close look at everything from tracks to turret. The book also contains a section on modeling, detailing, painting and weathering for Legend Productions' Merkava Mk 3 Baz kit. CRITICAL ACCLAIM FOR ARMOR SERIES: Reviews of Michael Mass's first book on the Magach 6B GAL: '~s a one-book source on the basic vehicle, the book is top class. Adding the modeling feature ices the cake with all a modeler needs. "

"This series should be welcomed by IDF fans, as well as those interested in modem armor ill generaL Highly recommended. "

ISBN 0-9788844-2-6