Hellenistic Pottery: Athenian and Imported Moldmade Bowls (Athenian Agora vol. 22)

THE

AGORA ATHENIAN RESULTSOF EXCAVATIONS CONDUCTEDBY

THE AMERICANSCHOOLOF CLASSICALSTUDIESAT ATHENS

VOLUMEXXII

POTFERY HELLENISTIC ATHENIAN

AND

IMPORTED

MOLDMADE BOWLS BY

SUSAN I. ROTROFF

THE AMERICANSCHOOLOF CLASSICALSTUDIESAT ATHENS NEWJERSEY PRINCETON, 1982

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

Libraryof Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Rotroff, Susan I Hellenistic pottery.

1947-

(The Athenian Agora; v. 22) Bibliography:p. Includes index. 1. Athens-Antiquities. 2. Pottery, Hellenistic-Greece, Modemrn-Athens.3. Greece, Modemrn-Antiquities.4. Athens. Agora. I. Title. I. Series:AmericanSchool of ClassicalStudies in Athens. Athenian Agora; v. 22.

DF287.A23A5 vol. 22

938.5s[938.5] 80-23055

ISBN 0-87661-222-2

PRINTED IN GERMANY at J. J. AUGUSTIN, GLUCKSTADT

FOR MY PARENTS who gave me opportunityand encouragement AND FOR

DOROTHYBURR THOMPSON who initiatedme into the mysteriesof the Hellenisticworld

PREFACE

So wroteR M. Cookin 1960(GreekPainted CCT ellenisticpotteryhasbeen neglected,anddeservedly." ILi Pottety,p.203).Whenviewedin the lightof the Classicalmasterpieces,Hellenisticceramicsmay seem to have little to offer.Pottinghad becomea tradeoften pursuedby an indifferentcraftsman;the proportionof ill-centered,ungainly,and poorlyfiredpots is large.But thereis still muchthatHellenistic potterycan offer, to the archaeologist,certainly,and perhapseven to the art historian. frameHellenisticpotterycanprovidewhatanypotteryprovides:a chronological For the archaeologist for the work.Even the meanestfragmentmay serveto datea significantbuildingor deposit.Fortunately there in is in has been interest Hellenistic no recent increased years pottery archaeologist, longerneglected; Severalvolumeshaveappearedandmore the Hellenisticceramicsof manysitesaroundtheMediterranean. are expectedsoon. Whatcan Hellenisticpotteryofferto the art historian?The type of potterypresentedin this volume representsthe firstlarge-scaleapplicationof the mold processto the productionof Greektableware.The mold techniquehad earlierbeen appliedto terracotta figurinesandin a few instanceswasused to produce pots of unusualdesign.Mostpottery,however,continuedto be wheelmadeandit was not untilthe introductionof the so-calledMegarianbowlthatmoldswereused on a largescale.Thesebowlsthereforestand successorsas at the beginningof a long seriesof moldmadeceramics,whichincludessuch distinguished Arretineand Wedgwoodpottery. These vesselsalso representthe firstGreekexperimentin modularart.A limitednumberof motifs, most of them stampedinto the moldswith small,re-usablemasters,reappearin countlessarrangements Thismodularapproachto the decorationof the surfaceof the bowlis a comment,albeit andcombinations. to the technoloof the workof the artist/artisan a naiveandprobablyunintentional one, on the relationship majorart,the redefinitionof humanpossibilities gy of massproduction.It reflects,as does contemporary of political,ideological,andartisticboundariesin the Hellenisticage.It is thatcamewiththe disintegration a commentthathas been echoedmoreself-consciously by manyartistsin our own century;viewedin the context of the art of the AmericanSixties, the bowls have a peculiarmodernity. This book grewout of an interestin the Hellenisticworldkindledand encouragedby DorothyBurr the fabricof antiquityfromthe Thompson.Herlove forHellenisticminorartsandherabilityto reconstruct portionhave inspiredtwo generationsof studentsand scrapsand remnantsthat are the archaeologist's scholars.The dedicationof this volumeto her is my inadequateexpressionof gratitude,respect,andlove for her as a teacher,a scholar,and an individual. The presentstudyis concernedwith only a smallpartof the Hellenisticpotteryfoundin the Ancient fromthe late 3rdto the bowlswhichweremanufactured Agoraof Athens:the moldmadehemispherical early1stcenturybeforeChrist.It is intendedas thefirstof twovolumes,the secondandlargerof whichwill be devotedto the Hellenisticwheelmadepotteryfromthe Agora.I havereliedheavilyforformaton Agora XII, which dealswith the Archaicand Classicalblackand plainpottery.I also owe much to G. Roger Edwardsand his fine volumeon CorinthianHellenisticpottery.Edwardsdevotedyearsof studyto Athe-

viii

PREFACE

and notesaccumumnian Hellenisticpotteryas well, and generouslyturnedoverto me manyphotographs lated in the course of those researches. andHomerA. Thompson, I wouldlike to thankT. LeslieShear,Jr.,Directorof the AgoraExcavations, formerDirectorof the excavations,for permissionto studyandpublishthe material;bothhavereadand rereadthe manuscriptin severaldifferentdrafts,and it has benefitedgreatlyfrom theirmany helpful commentsand suggestions.My debt to HomerThompsonis especiallygreat,for his publicationof the Hellenisticpotteryfoundin the earlyyearsof excavationin the Agorapavedthe wayforthis volume;his Invaluable havebeen a sourceof comfortandinspiration. interest,suggestions,andwarmencouragement help was givenby VirginiaGrace,who contributedmanyhoursof her time in patientexplanationof the chronologyof the stampedamphorahandles;andby FredKleiner,JohnKroll,andAlanWalker,whogave William freelyof theiradviceon numismaticmatters.Thanksarealso due JudithBinder,PeterCallaghan, H. A. W. Habicht, Ulrich A. Childs,C. J. Eliot, Christian Hausmann, Shapiro,ShelleyStone,John S. theirexpertiseandassistanceon scholarlyproblems. Traill,andMalcolmWallace,all of whomcontributed for allowingand assistingme to see the I am gratefulto CharlesK Williams,II and Nancy Boodkidis Hellenisticpotteryat Corinth;to Hugh Sackettfor permissionto examinemoldmadebowlsat Knossos; and to James R McCrediefor the opportunityto look at Hellenisticmaterialon Samothrace. of the Mostof the researchwasconductedin Athens,andI wouldliketo thankNancyWinter,Librarian BlegenLibraryof the AmericanSchoolof ClassicalStudies.I am also gratefulto RuthMacDonaldof the RalphPickardBell Libraryat MountAllisonUniversityfor her tirelesseffortsto obtainobscurepublicaloan system. tions throughthe interlibrary WhenI beganmy workon the moldmadebowls,I foundin the Agorafilesmanyfine drawingswhich andPiet de Jong;thesehavebeen supplementedwith had been done overthe yearsby IroAthanasiadou work. additionaldrawingsby Helen Besi and AbigailCamp,to whomI am gratefulfor theirpainstaking be for the and floral held of molds of conventional cannot, profiles drawings They responsible however, motifsandcharacteristic stampsof variousworkshops,whicharethe workof the author.Thanksto William of the B. Dinsmoor,Jr.,who drewit, PlanA representsthe most completeand accuratereconstruction HellenisticAgorapublishedto date.EugeneVanderpool,Jr. and Alan Walkertook new photographsof manyof the objectsin the Catalogue.NikosRestakis,withthe assistanceof KyriakiMoustaki,developed and printedthe photographs. forherassistancein amassSecretaryof the AgoraExcavations, Specialthanksare due LucyKrystallis, and to SpyrosSpyropoulos, mender,finderof misplacedpottery,and ingeniousartiing the photographs, I am indebtedto to this studyandto the Agorain generalis beyonddescription. ficer,whosecontribution ChristineEmbreeandLynnA. Grantfortypingand editorialassistance,andto A. R Lockandthe CanadianWildlifeServiceforthe loanof HerMajesty'sloyalpapercutter.I am especiallygratefulto MarianH. McAllister,the editor,forthe thoughtandcareshe has devotedto thisvolume,andforthe manyimprovements she has suggested. Researchwassupportedin partby the SocialSciencesandHumanitiesResearchCouncilof Canadaand the SamuelH. KressFoundation;I am gratefulfor their generosity. Wordsareinadequateto expressmy gratitudeto RobertLamberton, my friendandcolleague,foreverythingfromeditorialassistanceandadviceon botanicalterminologyto meditationson the relevanceof the objectspresentedhereto the modernworld,and,mostof all, forhis sustainingandlovingsupportandpatience.And finally,I thankmy parents,to whomthis volumeis in partdedicated,andwithoutwhom,for reasonsbeyond number,it would not have been written. MOUNT ALLISON UNIVERSITY

NEWBRUNSWICK SACKVILLE,

1979 SEPTEMBER,

SUSANI. ROTROFF

TABLE OF CON'ENTS PREFACE ...............................................................................................

vii

LIST OF PLATES .......................................................................................

xi xiii

ABBREVIATIONSAND BIBLIOGRAPHY .................................................................. INTRODUCTION......................................................................................... SCOPE ANDAIMS

..................................................................................

1 1

ARRANGEMENT OF THE CATALOGUE ..............................................................

1

....................................................................................... C HRONOLOGY

2 2 3

.................................................................................... N OM ENCLATURE ...................................................................................... TERM INOLOGY TECHNIQUE OF M ANUFACTURE .................................................................... THE ORIGINS OF THE ATHENIAN MOLDMADE BOWL ................................................ P ROTOTYPES ........................................................................................

EVIDENCE ...................................................................... A RCHAEOLOGICAL

EVIDENCE ............................................................................. HISTORICAL ............................................................................... THE AGORAMATERIAL OF ATHENIANBOLS ..................................................... THE CHARACTERISTICS CLAY AND GLAZE .............................................................................. SHAPEAND SIZE ................................................................................ SCRAPEDGROOVESAND MILTOS................................................................. PINE-CONE, IMBRICATE,FLORAL, AND FIGURED BOWLS ............. PINE-CONE BOWLS ......................................................................

.....................................

3 6 6 9

11 14 14 14 14 15 15 16

LS .............................................................................. BOW IMBRICATE BO LS .................................................................................. FLORAL BOW LS ................................................................................ FIGURED ........................................................... DECORATION TYPESOF FIGURED

16

FIGURES DERIVED FROM TERRACOTTAALTARS ............................................

20

ABDUCTIONS................................................................................. ...................................................................... OF HERAKLES LABORS

21

LABORSOF THESEUS ........................................................................

23

STAMPS ....................................................................... UNIDENTIFIED RELIEFMEDALLIONS ................................................................. INTERIOR ..................................................................................... WORKSHOPS

17

19 19

23 24 24 25

ATTRIBUTIONS......................................................................

25

............................................................................ THE WORKSHOPS

26

HAUSMANN'S WORKSHOP.................................................................

26 27

A ............................................................................ WORKSHOP

28

W ORKSHOPOF BION .....................................................................

COINS

~~~~~~~~~~~~94

TTABLEOF CONTENTS

x

29 30 30 30 31

CLASS.................................................................... M MONOGRAM .. ........ CLASS1 ........................................................................ ................................ ... ........ CLASS2 ....................................... . ............................. CLASS3 .................................................... .............. OF SHOPS......................................................... LOCATION

31

......................................................

TYPESOF ITEMSMANUFACTURED....

................................................................................. .. CHRONOLOGY ................ BOwLS.......................................*.....*.................. LONG-PETAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . INS ................................. ORIG ................................................................................... CHRONOLOGY ..................................

END OF MANUFACTURE......................................

BOwLSIN THEAGORA................................... LONG-PETAL ................................................ OF APOLLODOROS WORKSHOP

32 34 34 35 36 36 37

OTHER TYPESOF MOLDMADE BOWLS................................*.........................

37

BOWLS...................................................... LOTUS-COROLLA BOWLS.............................................. CONCENTRIC-SEMICIRCLE LS ........................................................................... BOW N ET-PATTERN

37 38 39

39

DAISYBOWLs................................................................................... .......................................... OTHERTYPESOF MOLDMADEPOTTERY ............

............

................................................. INSCRIPTIONS

39 40

...........*

40 41 W42

.............................. ................................. SIGNATURES ....................................................... ONMOLDS MONOGRAMS ....................................o........................ BOWLS IMPORTED

44

4..................................................................... C ATALOGUE

4................................. INTRODUCTION

44

..........

......................................

44

TERMINOLOGYAND CONVENTIONS .............................................................

44 45

..................................*....................................... DATESANDCONTEXTS ..... .......................................................... THECATALOGUE

94 94

............. ............... .............. ................ 9................................ D EPOSITS ....................................................... ............................... INTRODUCTION HANDLES................................................................. AMPHORA STAMPED

4 94

C OINS ...........................................................................................

. ...... .................................. 9........................................... DATES ............................................................. ANDCONVENTIONS TERMINOLOGY ................... ..................... .................................... SUMMARIES DEPOSIT

95 96 96

...............107 APPENDIX: REVISED CHRONOLOGYOF PUBLISHED ATHENIAN HELLENISTICGROUPS

107

A-E1.................................................................... THE AGORA:GROUPS WELL B-1 ................................1.......................... DIPYLON THE KERAMEIKOS:

1......................................................... CISTERN THEPIRAEUS THEPIRAEUS: ...................... ...................I.. CONCORDANCE 1................................................................... INDICES PLATES

......................

.................

.......................

110 . III11 .

113

.

120

LIST

OF

PLATES

Photographs 1 Pine-coneBowls 2 Pine-coneBowls and Molds 3-6 ImbricateBowls 7 ImbricateBowls and Molds 8 ImbricateMolds. FloralBowls 9-13 FloralBowls 14 FloralBowls and Molds 15 FloralBowls with Figures 16 FloralBowl with Figures.FiguredBowls (Idyllic) 17-33 FiguredBowls (Idyllic) 34 FiguredBowls (Idyllicand Mythological:Herakles) 35 FiguredBowls (Mythological: Theseus,Odysseus) 36 FiguredBowl (Mythological:Rape of Persephone) 37 FiguredBowls (Mythological: Rape of Persephone,Rape of Europa) 38 FiguredBowls (Mythological: Rape of Ganymede) Prokne?Opheltes?Heraklesand Auge) 39,40 FiguredBowls (Mythological: 41,42 FiguredBowls (Mythological:Dionysiactrio) 43-45 FiguredBowls (Mythological) 46-53 FiguredBowls (Hunting) 54 FiguredBowls (Hunting)and Molds 55 FiguredMolds. Fragmentsof Bowls (Imbricate,Floralor Figured) 56 Fragmentsof Bowls and Molds (Imbricate,Floralor Figured) 57 Fragmentsof Molds (Imbricate,Floralor Figured) 58 Fragmentsof Molds. Long-petalBowls, Plain 59,60 Long-petalBowls, Plain 61 Long-petalBowls, Jeweled 62 Long-petalBowls, Jeweledand Variants 63 Long-petalMolds, Plain 64 Long-petalMolds. Lotus-corollaBowls 65 Lotus-corollaBowl and Mold. Daisy Bowl. ImportedBowls (Imbricateand Floral) 66 ImportedBowls (Floraland Figured) 67 ImportedBowls (Figured)and Fragments(Imbricate,Floralor Figured) 68 ImportedBowls (Long-petaland Concentric-semicircle) 69 ImportedBowls (Net-pattern).RelatedMoldmadeVessels 70 MoldmadeWest Slope Amphora 71 MoldmadeWest Slope Krater 72 Tools used in the Manufactureof MoldmadeBowls

xii

LIST OF PLATES

Drawings 73 Pine-cone,Imbricate,and FloralBowls 74 Floraland FiguredBowls 75-86 FiguredBowls 87 Long-petaland ImportedBowls (Imbricateand Floral) 88 ImportedBowls (Floral,Figuredand Long-petal) 89 ImportedBowls (Concentric-semicircle and Net-pattern).RelatedMoldmadeVessels 90,91 RelatedMoldmadeVessels 92 Representative Profilesof Bowls Profilesof Molds 93 Representative FloralMotifson Bowls.MotifsfromBowlsof the MMonogramClassandClasses1-3 94 Conventional 95 Monogramson Molds and Signatureson Bowls 96 Signatureson Lotus-corollaBowls 97 Signatureson Net-patternBowl and MoldmadeGuttus 98 MotifsfromBowlsProducedby Hausmann'sWorkshop,WorkshopA andthe Workshopof Bion 99 Plan of the AthenianAgora in the SecondCenturyB.C., with Locationsof Deposits

AND ABBREVIATIONS

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Adriani = A. Adriani, "Un vetro dorato alessandrinodal Caucaso,"Bulletin de la Societe Archeologique

d'Alexandrie 42, 1967, pp. 105-127 Agora = TheAthenianAgora:Resultsof ExcavationsConductedby the AmericanSchool of ClassicalStudies at Athens Agora IV - R H. Howland, Greek Lamps and their Survivals,Princeton 1958 Agora V = H. S. Robinson, Pottery of the Roman Period, Chronology,Princeton 1959 Agora VII J. Perlzweig (Binder), Lamps of the Roman Period, First to Seventh Centuryafter Christ,

Princeton1961 Agora X = M. Lang and M. Crosby, Weights, Measures and Tokens, Princeton 1964 Agora XII = B. A. Sparkesand L. Talcott, Black and Plain Pottery of the 6th, 5th, and 4th Centuries

B.C., Princeton1970 Agora XIV = H. A. Thompson and R. E. Wycherley, The Agora of Athens, Princeton 1972 AJA = American Journal of Archaeology AJP = American Journal of Philology 23: '056? "OO&voq4*, AeAT21, B', 1966 Andreiomenou,A.,
[1968],p. 80 AntiochIV, i = F. 0. Waage,"Hellenisticand Roman Tablewareof North Syria,"inAntioch-on-the-Orontes,

IV, i, Ceramicsand IslamicCoins,ed. F. 0. Waage,Princeton1948, pp. 1-60 AthMitt = Mitteilungendes Deutschen ArchaologischenInstituts, AthenischeAbteilung BABesch = Bulletin van de Vereenigingtot Bevorderingder Kennis van de Antieke Beschaving

Baur,P. V. C., "MegarianBowls in Yale University,"AJA 45, 1941, pp. 229-248 Benndorf, O., Griechischeund sizilische Vasenbilder,Berlin 1869-1883 BMC = B. V. Head, A Catalogue of the Greek Coins in the British Museum BMC (Greece) = Central Greece,London 1884 BMC (Ionia) = Catalogue of the Greek Coins of Ionia, London 1892

Braun = K Braun,"Der Dipylon-Brunnen B,, Die Funde,"AthMitt85, 1970, pp. 129-269 Bruneau,P., "Lavaisselle,"in Delos XXVII,pp. 239-262 BSA = Annual of the British School at Athens

vanUfford,L., "Unbol d'argenthellenistiqueen Suede,"BABesch48, 1973,pp. 119-123 Byvanck-Quarles , "Lebol hellenistiqueen verredoreau CorningMuseumof Glass,"BABesch47, 1972, pp. 46-49 , "Les bols hellenistiquesen verre dore,"BABesch45, 1970, pp. 129-141 , "Les bols homeriques,"BABesch29, 1954, pp. 35-40 , "Le tresorde Tarente,"BABesch33, 1958, pp. 43-52 sur le theme des bols megariens,"BABesch34, 1959, pp. 58-67 , "Variations See also "Les bols megariens" Corbett,P. E., "PalmetteStampsfroman AtticBlackGlazeWorkshop," Hesperia24, 1955,pp. 172-186

xiv

ABBREVIATIONS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY

Corinth= Corinth:Results of ExcavationsConductedby the AmericanSchool of ClassicalStudies at Athens CorinthVII, iii = G. R Edwards, CorinthianHellenistic Pottery,Princeton 1975 CorinthXII = G. R Davidson, The Minor Objects,Princeton 1952 Courby = F. Courby, Les vases grecs a reliefs, Paris 1922 Delos = Exploration archeologiquede Delos Delos XXVII = L'Ilot de la maison des comediens,Paris 1970 Delos XXXI = A. Laumonier, La ceramiquehellenistiquea reliefs, 1, Ateliers "ioniens',Paris 1978 ACAT= ApxaloAoyiKOVACATiOV

Deonna, W., "Brfile-parfumsen terre cuite," Revue archeologique10, 1907, pp. 245-256

Le musee egyptien2, 1907, pp. 57-62 Edgar,C. C., "Thetreasureof Toukh-el-Qarmous," R, The G. "Koroni: Hellenistic Edwards, Pottery,"Hesperia32, 1963, pp. 109-111 and RomanTimes,"Hesperia26, 1957, pp. 320-349 "Panathenaics Hellenistic of , See also CorinthVII, iii and Pnyx EtudesthasiennesIV = A-M. Bon, A. Bon, and V. R Grace,Etudesthasiennes,IV, Les timbresamphoriques de Thasos, Paris 1957 Five Yearsof CollectingEgyptianArt, 1951-1956. Catalogueof an Exhibitionheld at the BrooklynMuseum,

Brooklyn,New York 1956 Grace, V. R., "The CanaaniteJar,"in TheAegean and the Near East: StudiesPresentedto Hetty Goldman,

LocustValley,New York 1956, pp. 80-109 , "Noteson the Amphorasfromthe KoroniPeninsula,"Hesperia32, 1963,pp. 319-334 AthMitt89, 1974, pp. 193-200 , "Revisionsin EarlyHellenisticChronology," , "StampedAmphoraHandlesFound in 1931-1932,"Hesperia3, 1934, pp. 197-310 and M. Sawatianou-Petropoulakou, "Lestimbresamphoriquesgrecs,"in Delos XXVII, pp. 277-386 See also Etudes thasiennes IV and Picture Book No. 6

Gruben,G., "Der Dipylon-Brunnen B-l,"AthMitt85, 1970, pp. 114-128 Hama III, ii = A. P. Christensenand C. F. Johansen, Hama: Fouilles et recherches1931-1938, III, ii, Les poteries hellenistiqueset les terres sigillees orientales, Copenhagen 1971

Harden,D. B., "TheCanosaGroupof HellenisticGlassesin the BritishMuseum,"JGS10, 1968,pp.21-47 Hausmann = U. Hausmann,HellenistischeReliejbecheraus attischenund bootischenWerkstatten,Stuttgart

1959 IG = InscriptionesGraecae JdI = Jahrbuchdes Deutschen ArchdologischenInstituts JGS = Journal of Glass Studies JNES = Journal of Near Eastern Studies KerameikosXI = I. Scheibler, Kerameikos:Ergebnisseder Ausgrabungen,XI, GriechischeLampen,Berlin

1976 Kleiner(witharabicnumeral)= Athenianbronzecoin type as givenin Kleiner,I, pp. 3-8, 38, TableIV Kleiner,I = F. S. Kleiner,"The Agora Excavationsand Athenian Bronze Coinage, 200-86 B.C.,"Hesperia

45, 1976, pp. 1-40 Kleiner,II = F. S. Kleiner,"TheEarliestAthenianNew Style BronzeCoins.Some Evidencefrom the AthenianAgora,"Hesperia44, 1975, pp. 302-330 Kleiner,F. S., "The1926PiraeusHoardand AthenianBronzeCoinageca. 86 B. C.,"AeAT28, A', 1973 [1975],pp. 169-186 Kraus,T., "AntithetischeB6cke,"AthMitt69-70, 1954-55, pp. 109-124 Zentralmuseumzu Mainz, Kraus,Zentralmuseum= T. Kraus,MegarischeBecherim Romisch-germanischen

Mainz 1951

ABBREVIATIONS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY

XV

Kroll,J. H., "Revisionsin EarlyHellenisticChronology:NumismaticAppendix,"AthMitt89, 1974,pp. 201-203 Kiithmann, H., "Beitriige zur hellenistisch-r6mischenToreutik," Jahrbuch des R6misch-germanischen ZentralmuseumsMainz 5, 1958, pp. 94-138 KymeI = J. Bouzek and L. Jansova, "MegarianBowls," in Acta UniversitatisCarolinae(KymeI), ed. J.

Bouzek,Prague1974, pp. 13-76 LabraundaII, i = P. Hellstrom, Labraunda:SwedishExcavationsand Researches,II, i, Pottetyof Classical and Later Date, TerracottaLamps and Glass, Lund 1965 Laumonier,A., "Bols hellenistiques a reliefs,"Bulletin de correspondencehellenique,Suppl. I, Paris 1973, pp. 253-262 See also Delos XXXI "Les bols megariens" = L. Byvanck-Quarlesvan Ufford, "Les bols megariens,"BABesch 28, 1953, pp. 1-21 McCredie, J. R, Hesperia, Suppl. XI, FortifiedMilitary, Camps in Attica, Princeton 1966 AeAT26, A', 1971 [1973], pp. 41-94 Metzger = I. R Metzger, "Piraeus-Zisteme," Metzger, I. R, Eretria:Fouilles et recherches,II, Die hellenistischeKeramikin Eretria, Bern 1969 Murray, A. S., "A New Stele from Athens," Journal of Hellenic Studies 22, 1902, pp. 1-4 NC = Numismatic Chronicle Nessana I = Excavations at Nessana I, ed. H. Dunscombe Colt, London 1962 Noshy, I., The Arts in Ptolemaic Egypt, London 1937 Oliver, A., Jr., "A Gold-glass Fragment in the MetropolitanMuseum of Art," JGS 11, 1969, pp. 9-16 , "Persian Export Glass," JGS 12, 1970, pp. 9-16 ,Silverfor the Gods:800 Yearsof Greekand RomanSilver.Catalogueof an exhibition at the Toledo Museum of Art, Toledo, Ohio 1977 Pagenstecher,R, Die griechisch-dgyptische SammlungErnstvon Sieglin, ExpeditionErnstvon Sieglin, II, iii, Die Gefdsse in Stein und Ton, Knochenschnitzereien, Leipzig 1913 = Parlasca K Parlasca,"Das Verhiltnis der megarischenBecher zum alexandrinischenKunsthandwerk," JdI 70, 1955, pp. 129-154 Pergamon = Altertiimervon Pergamon PergamonI, ii = A. Conze, Stadt und Landschaft,Berlin 1913 Pergamon XI, i = 0. Ziegenaus and G. de Luca, Das Asklepieion, Berlin 1968 Pernice, E. and F. Winter, Der hildesheimerSilberfund,Berlin 1901 PictureBook No. 6 = V. R Grace, Amphorasand the Ancient Wine Trade(Excavationsof the Athenian Agora Picture Books, 6), rev. ed., Princeton 1979 Pnyx = G. R Edwards,"HellenisticPottery,"in Hesperia,Suppl. X, Small ObjectsfromthePnyx:II, Princeton 1956, pp. 79-112

Price,M. J., "TheNew-StyleCoinageof Athens:Some Evidencefromthe BronzeIssues,"NC,ser. 7, 4, 1964, pp. 27-36 RE = Pauly-Wissowa,Real-encyclopddieder classischen Altertumswissenschaft

AJA 62, 1958, pp. 369-377 Richter,G., "AncientPlasterCasts of Greek Metalware," Robert, C., "Homerische Becher," Berliner Winckelmannsprogramme 50, 1890, pp. 1-96 The M. and Social Economic the Hellenistic World,Oxford 1941 I., Rostovtzeff, History of Hellenistisches in antiken Berlin 1911 O., Silbergerdt Gypsabgiissen, Rubensohn, = SamariaIII J. W. Crowfoot,G. M. Crowfoot,and K M. Kenyon,Samaria-Sebaste:Reportsof the Workof the Joint Expeditionin 1931-1933 and of the BritishExpeditionin 1935, III, The Objectsfrom Samaria,

London 1957 Schafer, J., HellenistischeKeramik aus Pergamon,Berlin 1968

xvi

ABBREVIATIONSAND BIBLIOGRAPHY

Schreiber, T., Die alexandrinischeToreutik,Leipzig 1894

am Kerameikos," Schwabacher= W. Schwabacher,"HellenistischeReliefkeramik AJA 45, 1941, pp. 182-228 Segall = B. Segall, Traditionund Neuschopfungin derfrihalexandrinischenKleinkunst,Berliner Winckelmannsprogramm119/120, 1966 Siebert, G., Recherchessur les ateliers de bols a reliefsdu Peloponnesea l'epoquehellenistique,Paris 1978 SNG (Copenhagen) = N. Breitenstein and W. Schwabacher,Sylloge NummorumGraecorum.The Royal Collection of Coins and Medals, Danish National Museum, Copenhagen 1942 Strong, D. E., Greek and Roman Gold and Silver Plate, London 1966 Svoronos = J. N. Svoronos, Les monnaies d'Athenes,Munich 1923-26 SwedishCyprusExpeditionIII = E. Gjerstad,J. Lindros,E. Sjoqvist,and A. Westholm, TheSwedishCyprus Expedition:Finds and Results of the Excavations in Cyprus,1927-1931 III, Stockholm 1937 TarsusI = F. F. Jones, "The Pottery,"in Excavationsat GozliiKule, Tarsus,I, TheHellenisticand Roman

Periods,ed. H. Goldman,Princeton1950, pp. 149-296 Thompson= H. A. Thompson,"TwoCenturiesof HellenisticPottery,"Hesperia3, 1934,pp. 311-480 II B: TheAltarWell,"Hesperia28, 1959,pp. Thompson,D. B., "ThreeCenturiesof HellenisticTerracottas, 127-152 , "II C: The SatyrCistern,"Hesperia31, 1962, pp. 244-262 , "III:The Late Third CenturyB.C.," Hesperia 32, 1963, pp. 276-292 , "IV:The EarlySecond CenturyB.C.," Hesperia 32, 1963, pp. 301-317 , "V: The Mid-SecondCenturyB.C.," Hesperia 34, 1965, pp. 34-50 , "VI:Late Second CenturyB.C. to 86 B.C.," Hesperia 34, 1965, pp. 50-71 "VII:The EarlyFirstCenturyB.C. A. The KybeleCistern,"Hesperia35, 1966,pp. 1-19 , "VII:The EarlyFirstCenturyB.C. B. TheMaskCistern,"Hesperia35, 1966,pp. 252-259 , "VIII:The Late First Century B.C.," Hesperia 35, 1966, pp. 259-267 Vanderpool,E., J. R McCredie,and A. Steinberg,"Koroni:A PtolemaicCampon the East Coastof Attica,"Hesperia31, 1962, pp. 26-61 , "Koroni:The Date of the Camp and the Pottery,"Hesperia33, 1964, pp. 69-75 "An AchaemenidGlass Bowl in a Dated Context,"JGS 14, 1972, pp. 15-16 Vickers,M., Von Saldern,A., "GlassFinds at Gordion,"JGS 1, 1959, pp. 22-49 Wallace,W. P., "TheMeeting-pointof the Histiaianand MacedonianTetrobol,"NC,ser. 7, 2, 1962,pp. 17-22 Walters,H. B., Catalogueof the SilverPlate (Greek,Etruscanand Roman) in the BritishMuseum,London

1921 Watzinger= C. Watzinger,"Vasenfundeaus Athen,"AthMitt26, 1901, pp. 50-102 Webster,T. B. L., "GreekDramaticMonumentsfromthe AthenianAgoraand the Pnyx,"Hesperia29, 1960, pp. 254-284 , MonumentsIllustratingNew Comedy,Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies of the Universityof London, Suppl. XI, London 1961

Weinberg,G. D., "HellenisticGlass from Tel Anafa in Upper Galilee,"JGS 12, 1970, pp. 17-27 , "HellenisticGlassVessels from the AthenianAgora,"Hesperia30, 1961, pp. 380-392 See also CorinthXII

et d'histoire46, 1929,pp. 68-76 en terrecuite,"Melangesd'archeologie Wuilleumier,P., "BrOle-parfums , Le tresor de Tarente,Paris 1930

Young,R. S., "An IndustrialDistrictof Ancient Athens,"Hesperia20, 1951, pp. 135-288 Zahn, R, "Hellenistische Reliefgefasseaus Sidrussland,"JdI 23, 1908, pp. 45-77

ABBREVIATIONS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY

xvii

im Antiquarium Silberbecher derStaatlichenMuseenzu Berlin,"JdI , "Einhellenistischer 82, 1967, pp. 1-14 C , "MakedonischerSchild, makedonischerBecher,"in Studienzur Vor-undFruiihgeschichte, Schuchhardt zum 80 Geburtstag Berlin 1940, pp. 48-72 dargebracht, in den Jahren , "Tongeschirr,"in Priene:Ergebnisseder Ausgrabungenund Untersuchungen

1895-1898,edd. T. Wiegandand H. Schrader,Berlin 1904, pp. 394-449 For abbreviations used in the Catalogue,see p. 44.

IN I RODUCTION SCOPEAND AIMS

This volume is a study of the Athenian version of the distinctivetype of Hellenistic vessel commonly

knownas the "Megarian bowl".Thisis an approximately moldmadebowl,withoutfoot or hemispherical, handles,decoratedall overits exteriorsurfacewithdesignsandfiguresin relief.Thesebowlswerethe standardAtheniandrinkingvesselsfromthe late 3rdcenturyto the mid-lst century,takingoverthe function formerlyserved by the kantharos.1What was drunkfrom them was most often wine, and the variedscenes

whichdecoratedthem wouldhavebeen particularly suitableat symposia,wherethey wouldhaveserved as conversation pieces, recalling myth, literature, theater, and so forth.2

Bowls foundin the excavationsof the AmericanSchoolof ClassicalStudiesin the AthenianAgora between1931and 1973formthe basisof the presentstudy.The greatmajorityof the materialis Atticand the conclusions reachedthereforeapply primarilyto Athenian bowls. Similarbowls were, of course, made

elsewhereas well, and some wereimportedto Athens.Examplesof importsthatmade theirway to the Agoraappearat the end of the Catalogue.It wouldbe rashto drawconclusionsabouttheirdatesfromthe Athenian bowls, which follow a pattern peculiar to themselves. There are fragmentsof over 1400 Hellenistic moldmade relief bowls from dated contexts in the Agora. About 800 of these were considered by the excavatorsto be of sufficient interest to be registeredin the

Agorainventory.About halfof thoseareincludedin the Cataloguein this volume.An attempthas been madeto includeeverystampandeverysignificant variationof shapeanddesign.Duplicatesandmanyfragments from undated or late contexts have been omitted. The bowls published by Thompson in his preliminarystudy of Hellenistic potteryfrom the Agora3have also been omitted, althougha discussionof the dates

of Thompson'sdeposits(GroupsA-E) may be foundin the Appendix.Moreelaborateshapesbuilton a havehave been treated only briefly; they will be studied in more detail in moldmade hemisphere (406410)

conjunctionwith the totallywheelmadepotteryof the same shapes. The bowlshavebeen consideredprimarilyas archaeological datingtools.Thereforeiconographical problems such as the relationshipof figuredgroupson the bowlsto knownor documentedmajorsculpture have been left asidein this study.The primarygoal has been the establishmentof a reliablerelativeand absolutechronologyfor Athenianmoldmadebowls. Hand in hand with this has gone an attemptto isolate workshopsand assign dates to them. In this endeavoronly the firststeps have been taken,and it is to

be hopedthatthe discoveryof new materialwill enrichour knowledgeof the workshopsandthe relationships betweenthem. OF THE CATALOGUE ARRANGEMENT

The bowls are arrangedin the Catalogueaccordingto type of decorationand subjectmatter,since these are their most easily recognizablefeatures.Numbers in bold-face type refer to objects in the Catalogue. 1 The change from the kantharosto the moldmade relief bowl as a drinkingvessel is most strikinglyillustratedin Dipylon well B-1 in the Kerameikos,where kantharoiare common in the lower fill (AbschnittenI-IV), which containedno moldmadebowls, but rare in the upper fills (AbschnittenV-XMI),where moldmade bowls are common. See Braun, pp. 166-170. 2

Pnyx, p. 90. 3H. A. Thompson, "Two Centuries of Hellenistic Pottery,"Hesperia 3, 1934, pp. 311-480.

2

INTRODUCTION

Objectsfromthe Agoranot cataloguedherearereferredto by theirAgorainventorynumbers,whichare precededby a letterindicatingthe class to which they belong:L (lampsand lamp molds);MC (miscellaneousclayobjects);P (pottery);SS (stampsand seals,includingstampedamphorahandles);T (terracotta figurinesand molds for their manufacture). CHRONOLOGY

The introduction of a new typeof potterycanbe of greathelpin buildinga reliableceramicchronology. Theappearance of themoldmadereliefbowlthereforeprovidesa much-neededlandmark in the stilllargely unchartedterritoryof Hellenisticceramics.The chronologyof the bowls is, however,beset by several it is not possible specialproblems.Sincetheyweremadein moldsandcouldbe reproduced mechanically, to assignexactdatesto specificbowls.Even a relativechronologyis not easilyestablished.Shape,technique,and decorationcan provideonly the verybroadestof outlines.Qualitydoes not declineuniformly a chronologythe singlemostimportantpieceof andcannotbe usedas a criterionof date.For establishing abouta moldmadereliefbowlis the contextin whichit wasfound.Forthesereasonsthe dates information and dependheavilyon the datesof given n the Catalogueand elsewherein this volumeareapproximate The the contexts(see Introductionto Catalogue). contextsthemselvesare datedby coins and stamped wereto be madein the chronologyof the coinsor stamps,the chroamphorahandles;if majoradjustments nology of the bowls would have to follow suit. the of the deposits (pp. 96-106), and have I have tried to be as precise as possible in the description

includeda considerableamountof detailaboutthe coins and stampedamphorahandleswhichserveto date them. For the amphorahandles especiallyI have presentedmuch previouslyunpublishedinformation,

kindlysuppliedby VirginiaGrace. All dates are before Christ unless otherwise indicated. NOMENCLATURE

In 1883 Otto Benndorf The term "Megarianbowl"is the fruitof archaeological misunderstanding. moldmadebowls.The originalsof thesecastswerein publisheda numberof plastercastsof hemispherical variouscollectionsin Athensbutweresaidto havecomefromMegara.Benndorfthereforeidentifiedthem andsubsequently withthe yuaAaqmentionedby Athenaiosas a bowlusedby theMegarians,4 theycameto be known as "Megarianbowls".Furtherexcavationand study have shown that the bowls Benndorf in Athens and have no specialconnectionwith Megaraor the yu6Aaq.5 publishedwere manufactured andsumsup bowl"as a termhas in its favorthatit is in currentuse amongstarchaeologists "Megarian Hellenistichemispherical moldin two wordswhatmustotherwisebe expressedby laboriousperiphrasis: an inmadeceramicreliefbowl.In a studyof this sort,however,thereseems littlepointin perpetuating thatthe bowlsoriginatedin Athens.Unfortunately, accurateterm,especiallysinceit will be demonstrated no completelysatisfyingsubstitutepresentsitself."Reliefbowl"invitesconfusionwithotherreliefwares.To avoidthis problem,Edwardssuggested"mouldedreliefbowl".6The adjective"moulded" (or "molded"), however,is vagueandconfusing,forit is commonlyappliedto wheelmadefeaturessuchas feetandlips(cf. is moreaccurate,but to avoidconfusionwiththe manymoldmadeRomanwaresit 406,410)."Moldmade" 4Benndorf, Griechischeund sizilische Vasenbilder,pp. 117-118; Athenaios, Deipnosophistaixi.467c: TanOThpia, rudAaq.OIAiTah?v AT6KTOIg yudAaq.nlap9vioq 6'6 TOUAlovuoiousV a' nepi T&Vnrapd Meyapcaq OUTG)pnoi KaAeTv TOIgiOTOpIKOIg At?ewv 4nTOUp&VxV pnoi yudAaqnoTnpioudT6oq,6.g Mapouaag ypa6pi o iepeUg TOU'HpaKAouqOUT-i OT6av cioin 6 6aoiAeuq ei( Thv noAiv, ouvavTravolvou nAhpn yudAav ?xovrd Tiva, TOVO? Aa66vra onrv5eiv. 5Several examples illustratedby Benndorfare productsof an Athenian workshopisolated by Ulrich Hausmann:Hausmann, pp. 108-109, note 107. Benndorf,pl. 58:3 = Hausmann,pl. 6:1; Benndorf,pl. 60:5 = Hausmann,pis. 8:2 and 9:1; Benndorf,pl. 61:1, 5, 6 = Hausmann, pis. 7:1, 2:1 and 2. 6 CorinthVII, iii, pp. 88-90, 151.

INTRODUCTION

3

Since"Hellenistic mustbe qualifiedby the adjective"Hellenistic". moldmadereliefbowl"is a cumbersome term, the bowls will generallybe referredto simplyas "moldmadebowls"throughoutthis study. Attemptsto determinethe ancientname for the bowls have not been entirelysatisfying.Athenaios mentionsan Atheniandrinkingcup calledhpiTOpog,andit has been suggestedthatthiswasthe namethe Atheniansappliedto their moldmadebowls.7Athenaios'sourcefor this informationis Pamphilos,an Alexandriangrammarianof the 1st centuryafter Christ,who presumablyhad access to Hellenistic Atheniansources.The fplTOpogmust have been hemispherical, but the namemay referto wheelmade were made which in also Athens. hemisphericalbowls, Thatthis vesselwas hemispherical is Athenaiosalso describesa Persiandrinkingcup calleda KOV6U.8 suggestedby the storythatthe KOV6Uwas originallya sortof crystalballin whichvisionsappeared.It was bowlservesthis purposein bothAchaemenidandArchaicGreek used forlibations,and a hemispherical The comicpoets Menanderand Hipparchoseachuse the wordonce, connectingit with representations.9 10 Athein a Delianinventoryof the 3rdcentury.11 It also Menanderspeaksof a goldKOVOU, occurs the east naiosof a silverone, andthe KOV6Uin the Delianinventorymusthavebeen of goldor silveras well.It is clearfrom the datesof these sourcesthat the KOV6Uexistedwell beforethe introductionof moldmade bowlsin the 220's.PerhapsKOV6Uwas the nameforthe vasesof preciousmetalwhichthe ceramicbowls imitated;it might have been appliedto the imitationsas well. TERMINOLOGY

The partsof the bowl may be describedas follows: Medallion:the decorationof the bottomof the bowl, separatedfromthe restof the bowl by grooves, ridges,cables, beading,or a combinationof these. In the caseof some the medallion,distinctfromthe walldecoration. Calyx:the floralmotifsurrounding floralbowlsthis calyxcoversthe entirewall.Usually,however,evenin caseswherethe walldecorationis vegetal,there is a distinctcalyx. Wall:the main decorationof the bowl, borderedby the calyx below and the rim patternabove. Rimpattern:a decorativeband,set off fromthe wallby a ridgeor beading.The rimpatternusuallyhas two or three registers,separatedby ridges,cables, beading,or jeweling. it is oftenimpossibleto tell Sincethe plantswhichappearon the bowlsarenot depictednaturalistically, nameswherepossible;theseare exactlywhichplantis intended.I haveattachedthefollowingconventional illustratedon Plate 94. Nymphaealotus: roundedpetal with centralrib; there are a short (13) and a tall (62) variety. Nymphaea caerulea: pointed petal with central rib (55).

Nymphaeanelumbo:broadroundedpetal with centralrib, the tip bendingforward(375). Fern:tall,triangular pointedleaf,with centralrib and horizontalribbing(21, 138).Thismay represent the smallerleaves of the Nymphaealotus.12 7Athenaios,

Deipnosophistai xi.470d:

ano TOUoxhpaTog OUT); 6vopao6ev, TI nap' ATTIKOig 'HpIT6OO. KnTOUa

(pnoiv

nlappiAoqtv rAooaia;. Pnyx, pp. 83-84. 8 Athenaios, Deipnosophistaixi.477f-478a: KOv6u.nOTfhpov AoIaTIKov....NIKOpaxoq AiyunTriov 6' tV npOtTG? nepli 'EOpTGV TGV 6 hv Thv 6 OU toi dx) Ta 6e T 6t KOV6U T6 nepOiK6V, a6pxhv Eppinnmo Oe.)v KOOpoq OaEuaTaKalTa ; apoAoyIKoq pEv (pnoi ontv6eo6al. Kapnioipa yiveoOal Wniyn' 6106?K TOUTOU 9 E.g., a plaque from Lokroi(L. von Matt and U. Zanotti-Bianco,Grossgriechenland, Wurzburg1961, pl. 147);Byvanck-Quarles van Ufford, "Les bols hellenistiques en verre dore," p. 134, fig. 9. See Segall, pp. 15-16. 10Menander,Fr. 293, line 2 (The Fragmentsof Attic Comedy,ed. J. M. Edmonds, Leiden 1957-61, III B, p. 666); Hipparchos, Fr. 1, line 6 (T. Kock, ComicorumAtticorumFragmenta,Leipzig 1880-88, III, p. 272). 1 IG XI 2, 287 B, line 133. 12 Thompson, pp. 357-359, under C 24 (P 4102).

4

INTRODUCTION

Smallfern: small, pointed ribbedleaf (25, 26, 111). Frond:leaf resemblingthatof the palm,withseparate,flexible,roundedsections(73, 101);sometimes similarto fem (31, 152). Palmette:stylizedfrond (9, 30, 108). Acanthus: broadleafwithcentralribandraggededges.Thesecomein severalvarieties(32,87,122,224). TECHNIQUE OF MANUFACTURE

The processby which the bowls were manufactured has been studiedand describedby various addsnothingnew,but does serveto confirmthe Examinationof the materialfromthe Agora14 scholars.'3 conclusionsdrawnby G. RogerEdwardsin his carefulstudyof the largegroupof moldsfromthe Pnyx. The mold consistsof an unglazed,wheelmadebowl with wallsabouthalf a centimeterthick.It has Thelip is slightyeverted,eitherrounded,flat, eithera ringfootor a raisedbase,flator concaveunderneath. in the Agorathereareone or morehorithe the On one of molds beveled to outside or (PI.93).15 eighth zontalwheel-rungrooveson the exterior,possiblyto give the pottera bettergripwhenmoldingthe bowl. The exteriorof the moldmaybe roughanduneven,andalwaysdisplaysprominentwheelmarks.Theinterior,however,waswipedor slippedso thatwheelmarksareusuallynot visible.TheAgoramoldsaffordno exampleof the oilyfilmobservedon someof the moldsfromthe Pnyx.16Otherwisethe techniqueof their conformswiththatof examplesfromthe Pnyx.Thevariationsin shapeof baseandrimhave manufacture no chronologicalsignificance. Oncethe moldhadbeenthrownandwhilethe claywasstillsoft,the decorationwasappliedto the interior surfaceof the mold. First the rim zones and medallionwere delimitedby beadingor wheel-run grooves.Most of the restof the decorationwas stampedinto the interiorwith small,individualstamps. Someof the stampsweremadeof clay(411-413),but stampsof woodandmetalmayalsohavebeenused. Thefiguredandimbricatebowlshavealmostno hand-drawn detail,butmanyof the designson floralbowls and the petals of long-petalbowls were drawnfreehand. detailsrequiredsome expertise.The The applicationof the stampsand the additionof hand-drawn clumsyexecutionof two molds fromthe Agora(47, 48) suggeststhatthey werepracticepieces.One of these (47) comes from the KomosCistern(M 21:1),17whichalmostcertainlycontainedthe dumpof a workshop.Both molds are considerablycruderthan otherbowls and molds of the same date (the first quarterof the 2nd century)and arein factquiteunlikeany of the bowlsin the Agoracollection.Perhaps they representthe first effortsof an apprentice. mechanicallyby simplymakinga cast of a reliefmotif in clay.This Stampscould be manufactured the a of wouldproduce copy motif,slightlysmallerthanthe originalbecauseof the shrinkageof the clay in the earlieryearsof manufacture, and slightlyless crispin its details.Some of these stamps,particularly were probablytakendirectlyfrommetalvases.Many,however,were takenfromthe bowlsthemselves. Becauseof repeatedshrinkageand loss of detail,stampson laterfiguredbowlstendedto be smalland coarse;the pottercompensatedforthis by pressingthe stampfurtherinto the mold,so thatthe figurewas in higherrelief on the bowl (e.g. 145). of moldshavebeenfoundin the Threeterracotta stampswhichwereprobablyusedforthe manufacture rosettefora medallion.Anotheris a largepalmette,probablyfor Agora(411-413).Oneis an eleven-petaled 13 Courby,pp. 327-328; Thompson,p. 452; Pnyx,pp. 85-89; Delos XXXI, pp. 13-15. See also RomanCrafts,edd. D. Strongand D. Brown, London 1976, pp. 78-80 for comments on similar techniques for Roman pottery. 14 Eighty-eightfragmentarymolds, three stamps, and two stackingrings: 10-12, 40-48, 78-86, 273-281, 295-320, 347-358, 363, 411-415. '5 See also Pnyx, p. 86, fig. 2. 16 Ibid., pp. 86-87. 17These notationsreferto deposits excavatedin the Agora;see Deposit Summariesfor furtherinformation.For the terminology used in referringto deposits, see p. 96.

INTRODUCTION

5

a calyx.The thirdis an eggfora largeovoloor egganddart All threeareconicalin shape,withthe design on the base of the cone;the upperpartof the cone servedas a handle.No bowlsor moldsproducedby these stampshave been found in the Agora,and they could have been put to otheruses as well. For example,the Agoracollectioncontainsa thick,flatslabof bakedclayintowhichrowsof rosetteshavebeen stamped;'8it may have been used for the manufactureof embossedsheets of bronzeor gold. A few of the bowlsare probablyexactreplicasof metalbowls.The fine detailof 49 and 50 couldnot havebeen achievedwithclay stampsand punchesin a mold;presumablythe moldsthatproducedthese bowlsweretakendirectlyfroma metalbowlor froma plastercastof a metalbowl.In some casesnatural objectssuch as pine cones may have been presseddirectlyinto the mold (cf. 1-12). Oncethe moldwascompletedandfiredit couldbe usedto manufacture bowls.Thepotterpressedsoft clay into the mold, workingit into all the hollows with his fingers.He then centeredthe mold on the wheel, secured it with a few pieces of damp clay, and smoothed the interioras the wheel turned.The smooth inte-

riorsof the bowlsshowwheelmarks,as do the outturnedrims,whichwerenot moldedbutwheelmade.It wasthennecessaryforthe bowlto remainin the molduntilit shrankandbecamehardenoughforremoval. A potterwouldthereforeneed manydifferentmoldsif he was to worksteadily,sinceeachmold couldbe usedonlyonce everyfew days.Thisexplainsthe greatvarietyfoundamongthe bowls,andalsoimpliesthat a mold couldbe used for quitesome time withoutshowingsignificantwear(see p. 32). The potteroccasionallyadded detailsto the bowl after it had been removedfrom the mold. For surfaceof the bowls. example,the medallionsof 67,96,and346werestampeddirectlyontotheleather-hard The bowlwasthenglazed;grooveswerescrapedbelowthe lip andaroundthe medallionandwerecolored withmiltos.Sometimesone of the ridgessurrounding the medallionwasscrapedto providea morestable restingsurface. The bowlswerestackedin the kilnwithsmallclayringsbetweenthemto keepthemapart(414,415).19 In manycasestheseringshaveleft theirimpressionin the formof a redcircleon the flooror medallionof the bowl,wherethe ringpreventedthe properfiringof the glaze.Theseringsareshapedlikeringfeet,with sloping,slightlyconcavesides.Tall,slenderringsappearin contextsas earlyas the late5th century,though mostof the examplesfromthe Agoradatein the4th century.A lowvarietywitha largerdiameter,suitable for a footlesshemisphericalbowl, first appearsin the Hellenisticperiod. The numberof bowlsthatcouldbe madein a moldwaslimitedby the wearof the mold.Its life expectancywoulddependin parton the popularityof the design.A moldmightalsobe brokenbeforeit became the casewiththe discardedones in the cisternM 21:1,whichare quitefresh.It worn;thiswasapparently seemsthatsomeof the pottersdidnot haveveryhighstandards, fortheymadebowlsusingmoldsthathad been brokenand mended(220,261) and molds so wornthat the figureswere barelyvisible(115).This suggeststhat in some cases at least the mold lasted a very long time indeed. Thereis one instanceof experimentation withundecorated moldmadepottery.Thereis no reliefdecoration on bowl405;it has been includedin the Cataloguebecauseit wasmanufactured in exactlythe same wayas werethe decoratedbowls.It is clearthatthe moldwasnotwornbutratherintentionally unstamped. 18 MC

73 from E 15:1, a Roman well dug throughthe westernend of the cisternsystem of Group E; see Thompson,p. 393, fig. 81. The slab probably dates to the 2nd century B.C. 19 Pnyx, p. 89, fig. 3.

THE

THE ATHENIAN ORIGINS OF MOLDMADE BOWL

Moldmadebowlsappearedsuddenlyin Athensearlyin the lastquarterof the 3rdcentury.Theydidnot developgraduallybut seem to havebeen the resultof a singleact of invention.In theirreliefdesignsand the sheenof the glazetheyresemblegold,silver,and bronzebowls.Ancienttestimoniatell us thatmetal vesselsof this sortwere highlyprized;1thatthey were often duplicatedby a mechanicalprocessis clear betweenexistingpreciousbowlsand fromplastercastswhichweretakenforthispurpose.2The similarities someof the earliestmoldmadebowlsconfirmthe suppositionthatmetalbowlsservedas prototypesforthe ceramicones. PROTOTYPES A silver hemispherical bowl from a temple treasurefound at Toukh-el-Qarmousin the Nile delta is almost identical with a ceramic moldmade bowl of a very early type in the NationalMuseum at Athens.3 Both are decorated with tall, pointed, overlappinglotus petals and each has a rosette medallion. A tall silver cup from Ithaka is decorated with the alternatingacanthus leaves and pointed lotus petals which r parallelsare not so close. The Nymphaea 49, 5) appearon several ceramic bowls in the Agora ( Othe nelumbo,absent on Athenian moldmade bowls, plays a large role in the decorationof most of the metal

bowls,5andthereareno metalparallelsof Hellenisticdateforfiguredmoldmadebowls.Nonethelessthere is no doubt that bowls of precious metal served as models for the first moldmade relief bowls.6 The fact that Egyptian motifs appear on moldmade bowls has suggested to several scholars that the

The palm,the roundedNymphaealotus,pointedNymphaea bowlsoriginatedin PtolemaicAlexandria.7 1 Athenaios, Deipnosophistaiv.199e; xi.781e, 782b; Pliny, Naturalis Historia xxxiii.55.154-157; Livy, ab urbe condita, xxxvii. 59.4-5. 2 See Richter, "Ancient Plaster Casts of Greek Metalware,"pp. 369-370. 3 Edgar, "The Treasure of Toukh-el-Qarmous,"pp. 57-62, pis. 27, 28:2; Hausmann, p. 20, pl. 1. 4 Strong, Greek and Roman Gold and Silver Plate, p. 101, pl. 25:b. 5 E.g., ibid., pl. 31; "Les bols megariens,"pp. 14-15, figs. 11-13, p. 21, fig. 20. 6 Two bowls in the Agora collection invite comparisonwith silver bowls. A silver bowl from Greece or Bulgariais strikinglylike 375 and P 3377, no. 79 from Thompson'sGroup E (Kraus,Zentralmuseum, pp. 18-20, pls. 4,5; "Lesbols megariens,"p. 20; Thompson, pp. 408-409, figs. 96a, 96b). Both the Agorafragmentsand the silverbowl have a large,double-rosettemedallionand four pairs of alternatingNymphaeanelumbopetals and acanthusleaves, with floweredtendrilsbetween them, on the wall. On both, the tip of the acanthusleaf nods slightly. The silver bowl is more naturalisticin style, but the decorativescheme is identicalto that on the ceramicfragments.Both the silver bowl and P 3377 are comparativelybroadand shallow in shape. Krausand Byvanck-Quarlesvan Ufford date the silver bowl to the 1st centuryB.C. The fragment375 comes from a context of the late 3rd century.The largerfragment P 3377 must date before 110 (for the date of Group E see Appendix and F 15:2in Deposit Summaries).This suggeststhat the silver bowl dates no later than the 2nd century, possibly as early as the 3rd century. A silver bowl in Hildesheim resembles 67 ( Pemice and Winter,Der hildesheimerSilberfund,pp. 28-30, pls. 6, 7). The walls of both are decoratedwith alternatingnaturalisticand fantasticplant forms. Fancy has flown furtheron the metal bowl; the plants springas elegantand complicatedgrowthsfrom a spindly stalkand calyx. On 67 they are solid, tuberousspirals,too symmetricalto van Ufford be natural,yet firmlyrooted in the calyx. The context of 67 dates it no later than the early2nd century;Byvanck-Quarles bols the 1st half of in the second bowl the Hildesheim 19). p. dates century ("Les megariens," 7Zahn, "Tongeschirr," pp. 64-65; "Les bols pp. 413-418; Pagenstecher,Die Gefasse in Stein und Ton, Knochenschnitzereien, megariens,"pp. 13-15; Thompson, p. 455.

ORIGINS OF THE ATHENIAN MOLDMADE BOWL

7

caeruleaand broadNymphaeanelumbopetalsarenativeto Egypt.Moresignificant,hemispherical bowls decoratedwitha calyxof leavesor petalswereknownin Egyptfromthe time of the OldKingdom.Water birdsamongthe foliageand antitheticalgoatsare also commonEgyptianmotifs.HellenisticAlexandria metalindustry,andpotteryimitatingmetalprototypesmightwellbe expectedto arise boasteda flourishing there. One of the most compellingobjectionsto Egyptas the birthplaceof ceramicreliefbowlsis the small numberof such bowlswhichhavebeen foundin Egypt.If the Alexandriansinventedthem,they do not themin largenumbersthereafter. seemto havemanufactured mostof the examplesfoundin Furthermore, Egyptare of the relativelylate "Delian"type, with matt glaze and intumed rim.8 in the Hellenisticperiod,it has Since Egyptianmotifswere alreadywidespreadin the Mediterranean been arguedthattheirpresenceon moldmadebowlsdoes not necessarilypointto an originin Egypt,or even to an inspirationby Alexandrianmetalwork.Antitheticalgoats,for example,wereoriginallya Near Easternmotif,whichmay be foundon Rhodianvases and black-figured potteryas well as on late 4thcenturyAttic gravestelai.9The calyxof lotus petals,thoughoriginallyEgyptian,is commonon Achaemenidphialaiandwas sometimesadaptedto deeper,hemispherical bowls.10Thisdeepervarietyhas been in Egyptin the 5thand3rdcenturies,12 and found,forinstance,in EtruriaandRhodesin the 7th century,"1 in Syriain the 4th century.13The hemispherical shapeis a simpleone and commonto manycultures.14 the which and the decoration Clearly shape appearson the Hellenisticmoldmadebowl were current the easternMediterranean at an earlydate,andtheiroccurrencein ceramicsdoesnot necessarithroughout ly point to Egypt. The combinationof hemispherical the moldmadebowlsof bowland vegetalcalyxwhichcharacterizes the late 3rdcenturyandfirsthalfof the 2ndcenturywas,however,particularly popularin Egypt Its history be traced there late Hellenistic times.15 from Prehistoric to ManyEgyptianfaifencebowlsof this type may are known, one from a 3rd-centurycontext at Tarsus,others from the Hellenisticcemeteriesof Alexandria.16It seemsthatthisformof bowlhadan unbrokenhistoryin Egypt.Furthermore, it wascurrent in Egyptin the earlyHellenisticperiod. SinceAthensis the earliestcenterof manufacture currentlyknownformoldmadereliefbowls,it is likely thattheywerethe inventionof Athenianpotters.'7The goldandsilverprototypes,however,wereprobably Alexandrian.18Althougheach of the Egyptianelements(shape,vegetalcalyx, waterbirds,antithetical goats)canbe foundelsewhere,only in Egyptdo theyall occur.The evidenceof excavationindicatesthat 8 Courby,pp. 424-426; Kraus,Zentralmuseum, p. 2; Noshy, TheArts in PtolemaicEgypt,p. 130; Parlasca,pp. 132-134. The socalled "Delian"bowls are now believed to have been importedto Delos from Ionian workshops(Delos XXXI, pp. 1-3). They date between 166 and 69 (ibid., p. 7). 9 Kraus, "AntithetischeB6cke," pp. 119-123. 10Strong,Greekand RomanGoldand SilverPlate, p. 99, pl. 25:a.For copies in glass see Oliver,'T"Persian ExportGlass,"pp. 9-13, figs. 1-9; Von Saldem, "Glass Finds at Gordion," pp. 41-42, figs. 27-29. 1 Strong, Greek and Roman Gold and Silver Plate, p. 65, pl. 12:a; pp. 56-57, fig. 12. 12 I. Rabinowitz,"AramaicInscriptionsof the Fifth CenturyB.C.E. from a North-ArabShrine in Egypt,"JNES15, 1956, pis. 1, 3-5; "Les bols megariens,"p. 14, fig. 10. See A. Lansing, "A Silver Bottle of the Ptolemaic Period,"Bulletin of the Metropolitan Museum of Art 33, 1938, p. 199, fig. 1 for a group of Ptolemaic silver phialai with this decoration from the Delta in Egypt. 13 C. F. A. Schaeffer,"Les fouilles de Ras Shamra-Ugarit, sixieme campagne(printemps 1934),"Syria 16, 1935, pp. 152-154, pl. 30:4. 14Zahn, "MakedonischerSchild, makedonischerBecher," p. 58; Kraus, Zentralmuseum,p. 2. 15 Parlasca,pp. 136-146. For an example from the New Kingdom see L. Keimer, "The Decoration of a New KingdomVase," J1NES 8, 1949, p. 4, pl. 7. Fifth-centurybowls are illustratedin Rabinowitz,op. cit. (footnote 12 above), pp. 1-2, 9, pls. 1, 3-5; and Five Years of CollectingEgyptianArt, 1951-1956, pp. 43-45, pls. 69, 75, nos. 50, 51. 16 Ibid., p. 38, pl. 64, no. 42; Adriani, pls. 2-4; Tarsus I, no. 183, p. 225, fig. 132. 17 Kraus, Zentralmuseum,p. 2; LabraundaII, i, pp. 19-20. 18Parlasca,p. 154; Hausmann, pp. 19-20.

8

ORIGINS OF THE ATHENIAN MOLDMADE BOWL

moldmadeceramicbowlswere not manufactured until the 220's,over a centuryafterthe foundationof Alexandria.Therewas thereforeample time for Greekand Egyptianelementsto blend to producea whichwas then imitatedby the Athenianpotter.This style distinctiveAlexandrianstyleof metalwork,19 had in fact alreadybeen adoptedby other toreuticcentersin the Mediterranean. ThecaseforAlexandrian by the existenceof closeparallelsbetweenceramic prototypesis strengthened moldmadebowlsandgoldglass.Thistechniqueof sandwiching decorationin goldleafbetweentwoclosely fittinglayers of glass is believed to be an Alexandrianinvention of the 3rd or early2nd century.20A hemisphericalgold-glassbowl from Syriaformerlyin the RothschildCollection is nearlyidentical in shape and decoration to a number of early moldmade bowls from the Agora (49-53).21Its rosette medallion is

surrounded by two lines whichresemblethe ridgesand groovesof Atticbowls.Its wallsare coveredwith alternatinglotus petals and stylized ferns or fronds, with floral tendrils between them. Even the meander pattern of the rim finds a parallelin the Agora collection (291). Another parallelto Athenian moldmade

also probablyof Alexandrian bowls is providedby a gold-glassbowl fromMozdokin the Caucasus,22 manufacture.The Mozdok bowl is parabolicin shape and has an elabQraterosette medallion and a calyx of

alternatingNymphaeacaeruleapetalsand acanthusleaves.Above this is a borderof battlementdesign, then a broadbandfilledby a horizontalivy garland.Belowthe rimis a bandof oliveleaves.One bowlin the Agora collection (69) shares with it both the horizontal vine and the parabolic shape.

A reviewof a few of the survivingproductsof the Alexandrianmetalindustryof the 3rdcenturymay are providea pictureof the sortof preciousbowlthe Athenianssoughtto reproducein clay.Thesesurvivors few and oftencannotbe datedby any but stylisticcriteria.Provenancesareoftenuncertain unfortunately or unknown.Only a very sketchypicturecan be drawnfrom the evidencecurrentlyavailable. The groupof metal vesselsfoundat Toukh-el-Qarmous gives some idea of the productsof the early The cachecontainedcoinsof PtolemyI andII andshouldthereforerepresentEgyptian Ptolemaicperiod.23 silverwork shortlybeforethe inceptionof moldmadebowlsin Greece.A silverbowlfromthe treasurehas lotuspetals,anda alreadybeenmentioned(see p. 6). It hasa rosettemedallion,a calyxof tall,overlapping simpleroperimpattern.Thispicturemaybe supplementedby a groupof plastercastswhichappearedon the the Cairomarketearlyin this century.Accordingto the dealer,they camefromwhatwasapparently the are of Hellenistic 3rd casts of Mitrahinet of metalworkers' They silver,probably quarter (Memphis).24 bowls.26 Two(nos. 18 Threeof thesearecastsof hemispherical century,but takenin the Romanperiod.25 which fern-like from medallionsand calycesof overlapping, and 19) have double-rosette spring leaves, 19It was formerlythought that productionbegan between 275 and 250, which left little time for the influence of a new Alexandrian industry to reach Athens. Kraus, Zentralmuseum,p. 2; Courby, p. 425. 20 Adriani,p. 124; Harden,"The Canosa Group of Hellenistic Glasses,"p. 41. For the technique of gold glass see Von Saldem, "GlassFinds at Gordion,"p. 46. For a list of known examples of gold glass see Oliver,"A Gold-glassFragment,"pp. 9-10. Oliver dates the invention of gold glass to ca. 200 (ibid., p. 16); Harden dates it to the first quarter of the 3rd century. 21 Wuilleumier,Le tresorde Tarente,pp. 29-31, pls. 11, 12. Wuilleumierdated the Rothschildbowl in the first half of the 3rd century and believed it was manufacturedin Asia Minor. Adriani and Byvanck-Quarlesvan Ufford believe it is an Alexandrian product.Adriani dates it in the 3rd century,Byvanck-Quarlesvan Ufford in the mid-2nd century(Adriani,pp. 119-120; "Les bols hellenistiquesen verre dore,"pp. 139-140). Its close similarityto Athenian moldmadebowls of the late 3rd centuryand the fact that gold glass was probably invented in the late 3rd to early 2nd century suggest a date around 200 B.C. 22 Adriani, pl. 1. Adriani dates the bowl to the middle of the 3rd century, Oliver to the late 3rd or early 2nd century, and Byvanck-Quarlesvan Ufford to the last quarterof the 2nd century.It has been attributedto workshopsof Asia Minor, Syria,and Alexandria; the last, substantiated by Adriani through parallels in faience from Alexandria, seems likeliest. See Adriani, pp. 105-111, 124, pls. 2, 3; Oliver,"A Gold-glassFragment,"p. 16; Byvanck-Quarlesvan Ufford, "Les bols hellenistiques en verre van Ufford,"Lebol hellenistiqueen verredoreau dore,"pp. 130, 139. See also a similargold-glassbowl from Iran(Byvanck-Quarles Corning Museum of Glass," pp. 47-48, figs. 3, 4). 23 Edgar, "The Treasure of Toukh-el-Qarmous,"pp. 57-62, pls. 27, 28:2; Hausmann, p. 20, pl. 1. 24 Rubensohn, HellenistischesSilbergerdt,p. 3. 25 Ibid., p. 88; "Les bols megariens,"p. 15; Richter, "Ancient Plaster Casts," pp. 370-371. 26 Rubensohn. HellenistischesSilbergerat,nos. 18-20, pls. 7, 9.

ORIGINS OF THE ATHENIAN MOLDMADE BOWL

9

elaboratetendrilswithlotusand lily blooms.Thereis an Erosamongthe vineson no. 19. Althoughthey Attic moldmadebowls,these casts are more floridin style and lack the lotus petalswhichcharacterize comparewithsuchAthenianexamplesas 55 and57. On the thirdcast(no.20) area rosettemedallionanda calyxof acanthusleavesandNymphaea nelumbo petals,abovewhicharepreservedwhatmaybe the feetof a pairof antitheticalgoats.AlthoughNymphaea nelumbo petalsneveroccuron bowlsof Attic manufacture,stylizedacanthusleavesareoftenfoundin the calycesof Athenianfiguredbowls;thoughstylistically far removed,cast no. 20 is similarin compositionto 122 from the Agora.27 Productsof the southernItalianmetalindustrywereheavilyinfluencedby Alexandriaandcanaddmore Alexandrianmetalwork.The Treasureof Tarantoincludeda pyxis which to the sketchof 3rd-century containedsevencoins datableto the periodbetween290 and 270 B.C.28 Althoughthereis some disagreementaboutthe dateof the piecesin the treasure,29 theycertainlyfallwithinthe 3rdcentury.Thereareno bowlsin this group,but the interiorof the lid of the pyxis30in whichthe coinswerefound hemispherical has a schemeof decorationsimilarto thatof ceramicmoldmadebowls:a centralrosetteor flowerand a calyx of alternatingroundedNymphaea lotus and Nymphaea nelumbopetalsand acanthusleaves,with floraltendrilsbetweenthem.The overlapping fromthe treasure Nymphaea lotus petalsof the thymiaterion arecloselysimilarto thoseon ceramicmoldmadebowlssuchas 14 and18.31A gravein Anconacontained whoseroundedbodyis decoratedwithalternating anotherpyxis,32 Nymphaea nelumbo petalsandacanthus leaves,with floraltendrilsbetweenthem. The gravewas datedat the time of excavationto the late 3rd centuryon the evidenceof a bronzecoin.Boththe coinandthe othercontentsof the gravemayin factdate somewhatlater.These few pieces, which can be datedby their contexts,give some idea of the metal vessels,fromor heavilyinfluencedby Alexandria,whichservedas prototypesformoldmadeceramicbowls. ARCHAEOLOGICALEVIDENCE

A fairlyclose and reliabledatefor the beginningof productionof moldmadebowlsin Athenscan now be extrapolated fromthe evidene of the manywell-dated3rd-century depositsexcavatedin the Agora.It seemsclearthatthe bowlshaveformerlybeen datedas muchas halfa centurytoo early.Thompson'sdate forthe beginningof the bowlswasbasedon his analysisof threeHellenisticdepositswhichhe publishedin 1934.33He estimatedthatthe earliestof these(GroupA) was depositedabout300. The mainbodyof this depositcontainedno moldmadebowls,althoughtherewerea few fragmentsin a later,undatedfill in the upperpartof the well.Therewereno moldmadebowlsin GroupB, whichThompsonthoughtwasclosed about275. Theywereplentiful,however,in GroupC, whichhe datedaroundthe end of the 3rdcentury. The obviousconclusionwasthatthe bowlsbeganto be producedbetween275 and200. Thompsondated this eventca 275, a datelatermodifiedby Edwardsto ca 250.34Furtherexcavationandstudyof the chro27 See also a silvervase in Amsterdam,which was acquiredin Egypt.It is decoratedwith alternatingNymphaeanelumbopetals and acanthusleaves with floraltendrilsbetween them. It is dated by Byvanck-Quarlesvan Uffordto the end of the 3rd century("Les bols megariens,"pp. 15-16, fig. 13). Parlascadates it in the middle of the 2nd century(Parlasca,p. 143). A silverhemisphericalbowl in the BritishMuseum is decoratedwith overlappingNymphaeanelumbopetals (Walters,Catalogueof the SilverPlate, no. 11, p. 4, pI. 3). The provenanceof the bowl is unknown, but it is generallythought to be Alexandrian.Byvanck-Quarlesvan Ufford and Parlascaagree on a date in the 3rd century for the bowl ("Les bols megariens,"pp. 15-16; Parlasca,p. 143). 28 An Inventoryof GreekCoinHoards,edd. M. Thompson,0. Morkholm,and C. Kraay,New York 1973, p. 295, no. 1983, where the date of burial is given as 290-270 B.C. 29 Wuilleumiersuggests that they were buried before the war between Tarentumand Rome in 272 B.C. (Le tresorde Tarente, p. 7). Byvanck-Quarlesvan Ufford dates the objects in the hoard on the basis of style to the third quarterof the 3rd century("Le tresor de Tarente,"p. 52). 30 Wuilleumier,Le tresor de Tarente,pl. 2:2. 31 Ibid., pl. 7. 32 G. Pellegrini, "Regione IV," Notizie degli scavi di antichitd, 1910, pp. 345-353, esp. pp. 349-350, no. 4. 33 Thompson, Groups A-C, pp. 313-369. 34 Ibid., p. 457. Pnyx, p. 90; CorinthVII, iii, p. 152.

ORIGINS OF THE ATHENIAN MOLDMADE BOWL

10

nologyof the HellenisticperiodhavesinceshownthatGroupsA andB weredepositedabout40 yearslater thanThompsonhadthought(see Appendix):GroupA wasclosedaround260, GroupB around240. The numbersof moldmadebowlsis B 20:7. earliestwell-dateddepositin the Agorawhichcontainedsignificant The latestdatableobjectfromthis well is a stampedamphorahandleof ca. 217 B.C.;the fill wasprobably A few fragmentsof bowlshavebeenfoundin depositsP 10:2,L 17:7,andthe depositedshortlythereafter. N which datelittleif anyearlierthanB 20:7.Thereareno moldmadebowlsin the fill all of of 21:4, lower lower fill of the Dipylon well B-1, which contains materialas late as ca. 222 (see Appendix). This suggests that manufactureof moldmade bowls in Athens began sometime between 240 and 220. Nowhere else are moldmade bowls attested at such an early date. Manufactureseems to have begun sometime during the last quarterof the 3rd century in Corinth and Argos, and somewhat later in other Peloponnesian centers.35At Demetrias in Thessaly moldmade bowls were unknown before the late 3rd century.36At Delos, no bowls were found under the stoa east of the Stoa of Philip (built between 250 and 228), and only a few fragmentswere found under the Stoa of Philip and the Sanctuariesof Serapis(ca 200

of the Asklepieion,datingto the end of the 3rdcentury.Largenumbersof fragmentsappearin Bauphase9, whichdatesfromca 200 to 191.38At Tarsusa few fragmentsof moldmadebowlsappearin the "MiddleHellenisticUnit",datedto the At HellenisticUnit"of the 2ndcentury.39 3rdandearly2ndcenturies;largenumbersarefoundin the "L'tate B.C.).37 The earliestexampleat Pergamonis one fragmentfromBauphase8

Antioch fragmentsoccur in the earlyHellenistic period (3rd to mid-2nd century),but no uncontaminated

strataof the firsthalf of this periodwere excavated.Veryfew fragmentsoccurredin the only significant floorscoveringthe yearsbetween225 and 175;Waage'sconclugroupof deposits,a seriesof superimposed Theearliest after andfloweredin the 3rdcenturymustbe adjusted.40 soon 300 that manufacture sion began bowls at Samariaand Hama seem to date in the 2nd century.4'To the west of Greece, availableevidence indicates that moldmade bowls were not manufacturedin Italy before 200.42It appearsthereforethat the

earliestbowlsfromthe Agoraare datedby context10 to 20 yearsearlierthanthosefromotherexcavated sites, and it is not unreasonableto suggestthat the moldmadebowl was inventedby Athenianpotters. Suchnear-bycitiesas CorinthandArgos,however,werenot farbehind,andAthenianbowlsmusthave immediatelybeen exportedand copiedelsewhere.Fragmentsof Attic bowlshavebeen foundin southern andperhapsTarsus,andin Greeceat Russia,in the eastat Pergamon,Kyme,Antioch,Hama,Labraunda, Halai.43 and Theywereexportedwidely,although perhaps Siphnos,Delos,Aigina,Corinth,Argos,Eretria,

35

Siebert, Recherchessur les ateliers, pp. 159-180; see also pp. 181-189 for discussion of non-Peloponnesianchronology. U. Sinn, in DemetriasI, edd. V. Milojcic and D. Theocharis, Bonn 1976, pp. 96, 114-121. 37 Courby, p. 397; "Les bols megariens,"p. 7; Delos XXXI, p. 7. 38 PergamonXI, i, pp. 123-125, pl. 43, no. 158 (Bauphase 8); pp. 125-127, 130-131, pl. 45, nos. 192-200 (Bauphase 9). 39TarsusI, p. 163; Byvanck-Quarlesvan Ufford, "Variationssur le theme des bols megariens,"pp. 59-60. 40 Antioch IV, i, pp. 14-15, 30. 41 Samaria III, p. 274; Hama III, ii, p. 24. 42 Moldmadebowls occur in a context of the 2nd centuryat Cosa (M. T. M. Moevs, Memoirsof the AmericanAcademyin Rome, XXXII, TheRomanThin-walledPotteryfromCosa,Rome 1973, p. 21; see also AJA66, 1962,p. 198). Fifteen fragmentsof moldmade bowls were found in the destructiondebrisof the sanctuaryof Demeter and Koreat Morgantina.The destructionhas been dated to 211 (AJA62, 1958,pp. 158-160; AJA63, 1959, p. 169;AJA64, 1960, p. 133), but the debrisincludeda numberof stampedamphora handles dating in the first half of the 2nd century. For this informationI am gratefulto VirginiaGrace and to Shelley C. Stone. 43 Southern Russia: Zahn, "Hellenistische Reliefgefiisse,"pp. 45-49, nos. 1-3. Pergamon: PergamonXI, i, no. 261, p. 139, pl. 49; no. 291, pp. 143-144, pl. 49. Kyme: Kyme I, MB 72, p. 62, pl. 9, and possibly MB 113, p. 71, pl. 13; p. 33, fig. 5. Hama: Hama III, ii, no. 172. Antioch: Antioch IV, i, fig. 17, nos. 11, 13, 14, p. 30. Labraunda:LabraundaII, i, no. 158, p. 65, pl. 11. Tarsus: TarsusI, no. 162, p. 223, fig. 130. Siphnos: J. K. Brock, "Excavationsin Siphnos," BSA 44, 1949, p. 60, no. 9. 36

ORIGINS OF THE ATHENIAN MOLDMADE BOWL

11

apparentlynot in largenumberssince local imitationswouldsoon have been able to meet the demand more cheaply. HISTORICAL EVIDENCE

Thearchaeological evidence,as we haveseen,suggeststhatmoldmadebowlswereintroducedin Athens between240 and 220 andprobablyoriginatedwithAthenianpotters.Thattheywereinspiredby Alexandrianprototypesalso seemsclear.It is thereforenot surprising that,turningto the historicalrecord,we find thatthiswasa time of especiallyfriendlyrelationsbetweenAthensandAlexandria.A lookinto the events of this period can throwlight on the chronologyof the bowls. Afterwinningher freedomfromthe Macedoniansin 229, Athensrenewedher friendshipwithEgypt Shortlythereafterthe Atheniansbestowedlavishhonorson KingPtolemyIII Euergetes.A new tribewas createdandnamedafterthe king,his statuewasaddedto the Monumentof the EponymousHeroes,anda festivalwas initiatedin his honor.A demewas namedafterhis queen,Berenike,and a priesthoodof the royal couple was established. Evidencefor these institutionscan be piecedtogetherfromscatteredliteraryand epigraphical testimonia. The existenceof the tribePtolemaisand the demeBerenikidaiis knownfrominscriptionstoo numerousto mention.Pausanias(1.5.5) tellsus thatthe Atheniansnameda tribeafterPtolemy:UOTrepoV 68 Kai TOU Muoou Kai lToAspaiou TOU Aiyunriou.He believed that the ano TOV6e (puA^g exouoiv, ATTrraAou

Ptolemyin questionwas PtolemyII Philadelphos,but a lexicographical entryon the deme Berenikidai provesthat it was his successor,EuergetesI, that the Athenianshonored:44 BepeviKi6ar 6 5n&po;ano BepeviKnM Tflg TOUnToApaaiou TOUEUepyeTou yuvaiKOg-TOVpev av6pa Tn puAn,TlnvyuvaiKa 6e TO 5njp &TT(VvuJOUpo; Lnoinoev.

The tribemust thereforehave been createdbeforethe deathof PtolemyIII in Februaryof 221; strong evidenceindicatesthatit wasinstitutedin 224/3.45It wouldhavebeenmadeup of demesreasepigraphical signed from other tribes, except for Berenikidai, created expressly for the new tribe.46 As an eponym Ptolemy took his place among the other tribalheroes on the Monument of the Eponymous Heroes in the Agora. The remainsof this monument have been excavatedand identified;it consisted

of a long pedestalsupportingstatuesof the eponyms,surrounded by a parapet.Pausaniassawa statueof Ptolemy there (I.5.5), which must have been added at this time; tracesof the additioncan be detectedin the remains of the monument The originalpedestal had been lengthened at both ends in 307/6 for the addi-

tion of statuesof DemetriosandAntigonos,in whosehonortribeshadbeen created.Forthe next 80 years or so the pedestalsupported12 statues,flankedat eitherend by a tripod.Cuttingsin the top of the southernmost cappingblockof the pedestalshowthatat some time the tripodwas removedand replaced by a bronzestatue.Thiscanonlyhavebeenthe statueof Ptolemy,forremovalof DemetriosandAntigonos in 200 would have made space for Attalos,anotherHellenisticeponym,and a specialextensionwas Delos: Bruneau, "La vaisselle," D 2 - D 3bis, p. 240, pl. 40. Aigina: Siebert, Recherchessur les ateliers, e.g. Eg 8, Eg 17, Eg 45-54, pp. 402405, pl. 61. Corinth: unpublished. Argos: Siebert, Recherchessur les ateliers, pp. 63-64; AT 1 - AT 7, pp. 367-368, pl. 42. Eretria:Metzger, EretriaII, p. 62, nos. 1-3. Halai: H. Goldman, "The Acropolis of Halae," Hesperia 9, 1940, p. 496, no. 49; p. 498, fig. 241:4. 44 Anecdota Graeca, ed. J. A. Cramer, Paris 1841, iv.180.12; see also Stephanos of Byzantium, s.v. BepevIKi6aI. 45 This conclusionrests primarilyupon calendar-prytany equationsand changes in tribalorderoccasioned by the introductionof the new tribe. For a complete account see W. K Pritchett,TheFiveAttic TribesafterKleisthenes,Baltimore1943,pp. 13-23 (= "The Tribe Ptolemais,"AJP 63, 1942, pp. 413-423); B. D. Meritt, "Philinosand Menekrates,"Hesperia38, 1969, p. 441; RE XXIII, ii, 1959, s.v. Ptolemais 11, col. 1887; W. S. Ferguson, Hellenistic Athens, London 1911, pp. 241-243. 46 Pritchett,"The Tribe Ptolemais"(footnote 45 above), p. 426; J. S. Traill,Hesperia,Suppl. XIV, ThePolitical Organizationof Attica, Princeton 1975, p. 29.

12

ORIGINS OF THE ATHENIAN MOLDMADE BOWL

providedforthe statueof the emperorHadrian,whobecamean eponymin A.D. 124/5.47Weknowfromthe accountof Pausaniasthat the Atheniansalso sent a statueof Ptolemyto Delphi to be addedto the Marathonmonument,on which Athenianeponymousheroes were represented.48 As eponymof a tribe,Ptolemywas entitledto the worshipof his tribesmen;the priesthoodof Ptolemy andBerenikeattestedby an inscriptiondatingbetween229 and22149mayhavebeeninstitutedat thistime to attendto the affairsof the cult. In all likelihoodthe Ptolemaia,an athleticfestivalin Ptolemy'shonor,was establishedat the same time,50thoughsomehavesuggestedthatit wasinstituteda few yearsearlier.51Thefirstmentionof gamesin for224/3,a wealthycitizen honorof Ptolemyoccursin IG II2, 1303,lines 9-12,52in whichthe gymnasiarch is honorednot onlyforproducingthe traditional namedTheophrastos, gamesbutalsoforpresenting,at his own expense, games in honor of the Egyptianking: Kai i6ial TG)I6aoiAeI lTOA[C]pai&)I npoeiq; aeeAaTOI; TOU;ayly)Vaq eenKs, TOUO;TC KaOnKOVTra aKoAou9E)w Tel TOU npou nrpoalay&wivoeaai 6ouAop?voil T&VveavilKCOv,(p[I]AoTIpOUp[ev]og 'oV T 6aaiAa' p:oe ilpav

The phrasingof the decreeimpliesthat these gameswerean innovation,and thus we may here havea wasperpetuated recordof the institutionof the Ptolemaia.Theprecedentset by Theophrastos by the state, the Dionysia, the Panathenaia,and the EleusinianMystethe and the Ptolemaia isthreafter listed along with

Thatit is not mentionedin this contextin a riesas an occasionon whichhonorsare to be proclaimed.53 decree of 226/5 indicates that the festivalhad not yet been institutedat that time.54It must thereforehave been establishedin either 225/4 or 224/3; of these the latter,when the tribeand deme were also created,is

the more likely. the attentionhas beengivenhereto the evidenceforthe dateof thesehonors,particularly Considerable ofofthe moldmade bowls. The bowls datethe date of the festival,because it has a very importantbearingon thedate appear suddenly upon the scene in Athens and were apparentlythe result of a single stroke of invention.

They immediatelybecamepopularwith the Athenians,who adoptedthem as theirstandardwine cups. fine andwell-publicized Thissuggeststhattheirinventionwas inspiredby a specific,particularly groupof Alexandriansilverbowlswhichappearedin Athensat thattime,a groupof bowlssuchas mighthavebeen importedforthe firstcelebrationof the festivalof PtolemyIIIEuergetes.A processionwasan indispensable vesselswouldcertainlyhavebeen displayedin sucha parade.Athenaios partof a festival,andprocessional preservesKallixeinos'account of the processionof Ptolemy II Philadelphos,which took place in Alexandriain 279/8 and in which great numbersof gold and silver cups, pitchers,and bowls were 47 T. L. Shear,Jr.,"TheMonument of the EponymousHeroes in the AthenianAgora,"Hesperia39, 1970,pp. 171-176, 181-186, 196-203, esp. p. 199. For dates of creation of new tribes see W. K Pritchett, "Note on the Attic Year 307/6," AJP 58, 1937, IIe et au Ille siecle, Paris 1976, pp. 220-221, and The Five Attic Tribes(footnote 45 above), pp. 5, 33, 37; S. Follet, Athenes au pp. 119-121. 48 Pausanias X.o10.1. For discussion of the remainsof this monument see H. Pomtow, "Studienzu den Weihgeschenkenund der Zeitin Topographie Delphi. II,"K7io 8, 1908, pp. 73-120; D. Kluwe, "Das Marathonweihgeschenkin Delphi," Wissenschaftliche no. 7. cols. der 1214-1218, Friedrich-Schiller-Universitat-Jena 1924, IV, Suppl. pp. 21-27; RE, 14, 1965, schrift 49 IG II2, 4676; L. Moretti, Iscrizionistoriche ellenistiche1, Florence 1967, pp. 58-60, no. 27. 50Ferguson, op. cit. (footnote 45 above), p. 242, and "Researches in Athenian and Delian Documents," Klio 8, 1908, etudes grecques54, 1941, pp. 246-247. pp. 339-341; L. Robert, Revue des 51 M. Mitsos, "Eine agonistischeInschriftaus Argos,"AthMitt65, 1940, p. 49; RE XXIII, ii, 1959, s.v. Ptolemaia2, cols. 15851586. 52 For restored text see W. S. Ferguson and S. Dow, "The Decree of the Athenian GarrisonsHonoring Theophrastos I.G2 II 31. no. 49 cit. above), pp. 69-71, (footnote 1303," Hesperia 2, 1933, p. 448; Moretti, op. 53E.g. B. D. Meritt, "GreekInscriptions,"Hesperia5, 1936, pp. 419-428, no. 15, line 49; IG II2, 891, line 14, 900, line 10, 956, lines 34-35. 54B. D. Meritt, "GreekInscriptions,"Hesperia4, 1935, pp. 525-528, no. 39; Moretti, op. cit. (footnote 49 above), pp. 60-63, no. 28.

ORIGINS OF THE ATHENIAN MOLDMADE BOWL

13

carried.55 Somethingsimilarmust havetakenplaceat the AthenianPtolemaia.The earlyPtolemaicbowl fromToukh-el-Qarmous, whichis so similarto an Athenianmoldmadebowl,waspartof a temple templetreasure of the sortthatmighthavebeen displayedin Egyptianprocessions.56 It is likelythatvesselscarriedin honor of KingPtolemyIIIin Athenswouldhavebeen importedfromAlexandria,one of the foremostcentersfor the productionof preciousmetalwork.They wouldhave been seen by largenumbersof Atheniansand excitedwidespreadadmirationin the city. A shrewdand enterprising Athenianpottermightwell have recognizeda marketforcheapimitationsof the magnificentgoldandsilverbowls.If thisis so, we candate the first Athenianmoldmadebowls in the year 224/3. 55 56

Deipnosophistai V.197 C, 198 d, 199b-200 a, 201d.

Edgar, "The Treasure of Toukh-el-Qarmous,"pp. 57-62, pls. 27, 28:2. See p. 6.

THE

AGORA

MATERIAL

In 1934Thompsonpublisheda numberof moldmadereliefbowlsfromfourHellenisticdepositsin the studyof theirdevelopment'Sincethattime largenumbersof bowlsfrom Agoraandmadea preliminary andmanywells,cisterns,and the Pnyx,anda cisternin the Piraeushavebeenpublished,2 the Kerameikos, fillsof Hellenisticdatehavebeen excavatedin the Agora.Thelargeamountof materialfromthesedeposits now allowsa refinementof our knowledgeof this popularformof Hellenistictableware.The conclusions drawnby Thompsonaboutthe developmentof shapeandglazeof the Atticbowlsare,for the mostpart, substantiatedby the greateramountof materialnow availablefor study.

THE CHARACTERISTICSOF ATHENIAN BOWLS CLAY AND GLAZE

The fabricis the typical,hard,slightlymicaceousclay of Attica.Most commonlythe color is light reddishbrown(designatedon the MunsellSoil ColorChart,Baltimore1975,as 5YR6/4), reddishyellow (SYR6/6), lightbrown(7.5YR6/4), or pink(5YR7/4; 7.5YR7/4). Thereareoccasionalexamplesoutside this range,but variationfromthe normis slight(2.5YR6/4, 6/6, 5/4, 5/6; 10YR7/3, 7/4, 6/3). All workthe clayof the long-petal to variations; significance shopsusedthe sameclayandthereis no chronological bowls is the same as that of the earliesttypes of floraland figuredbowls. The bowlsarecoveredwiththe blackglazefamiliarfromAtticpotteryof earlierperiods.A pureblack, however,is rarelyachievedand shadesof brown,tan, red, and orangeare common.On the finelymade floralandfiguredbowlsof the late3rdcenturyandfirstquarterof the 2ndcenturythe glazeis usuallythick and lustrousor metallic,whereasit is thinand dull on productsof the secondquarterof the 2nd century and later.This,however,is not a reliableindicationof date,sincemanyof the long-petalbowlsmanufacturedin the secondhalf of the 2nd centuryare well glazed(321,322, 327, 330),while the glazeof early imbricate,floral,and figuredbowls may be thin and dull (13, 19, 51, 120). SHAPE AND SIZE

There is a good deal of variationin shape, particularlyamong the floraland pine-cone bowls. Represenand in the drawings(Pls. 73-87). The ideal was a fairly tative profiles are illustratedon Plates 92 and 93

deepbowlwithsmoothtransitionto a slightlyflaringrim,anda bottomslightlyflattenedso thatthe vessel the medallionservedas a foot(3, couldstandby itself(21,49, 170).Oftenthe ridgeor beadingsurrounding 62, 102, 170). In bowls of the first quarterof the 2nd centurythis shape is usuallyretained,though frequentlywith a less gracefultransitionfromthe moldedbody to the wheelmaderim. Some bowlsare (55),a few are parabolic(3, 62), while othershavea squarishprofile(72, 116,187). nearlyhemispherical 1 Thompson, pp. 451459; see Appendix. Schwabacher;Pnyx, Metzger. For Metzger, see Appendix, pp. 111-112.

2

PINE-CONE, IMBRICATE, FLORAL, AND FIGURED BOWLS

15

Thereis alsovariationin the shapeof the lip, whichmaybe nearlystraight(62)or turnout gently(240)or significant. abruptly(102). These variationsdo not appearto be chronologically Some long-petalbowlsretainthe deep,almosthemispherical shape(327,344),but othersshowmuch greatervariationthanoccursin the floralandfiguredbowls.In some casesthe bodybulgesslightlybelow the rim(328,330,332).Manybowlshaveshallowbodiesandhighrims(321,332),or squareprofiles(323, 324).Thesevariationscan be tracedbackto the shapesof the metalprototypesfor the long-petalbowls. Long-petaldecorationoccurson metalbowlswithbulgingbodiesconstrictedbelowthe rim3as well as on hemisphericalbowls of varyingdepths.4 The bowlsare fairlyuniformin size;most fallwithina rangeof 0.075 - 0.09 m. in heightand 0.14 0.16 m. in diameter.Theircapacitiesrangefromca 450 cc. to a liter,mostfallingbetween500 and800 cc. Since the Greeksnormallymixed theirwine with water,5the averagebowl wouldhave held little more wine thana generousmodernwine glass.They do not conformto any knownancientstandardof liquid measure.A few bowls are noticeablysmaller,with heightsbetween0.047 and 0.058 m. and diameters between0.06 and0.09 m. (10,27, 52, 76, 77, 89, 95, 98, 102,219).Theircapacitiesfallbetween125and 160 cc.;it is possiblethattheyweremadeforchildren.A single,verylargebowl(63)witha capacityof nearly four liters must have been intendedas a mixing bowl (est. H. 0.145; est. Diam. 0.25 m.). ANDMILTOS GROOVES SCRAPED

Themedallionof an Athenianbowlis almostalwayssurrounded by one ormoreridges(sometimeswith or a the glaze deliberatelyscrapedaway), scrapedgroove,beading, a combinationof these. A scraped of Attic bowls.6The scrapedgroovesweresomegrooveimmediatelybelow the lip is also characteristic times paintedwith miltos,7a red pigmentwhichcontrastssharplywith the blackglazeof the bowl.The scraped miltoswasaddedafterthe bowlhadbeenglazedandthe groovethe glazeof 259haspeeledaway and the miltosappearsonly in the groove,not in the areasformerlycoveredby the glaze.On another example (67) the miltos was applied carelessly and covered part of the glazed medallion. There are tracesof miltos on about half of the imbricate,floral,and figuredbowls, and on about a third often of the long-petalbowls. The pigment is fugitive; only faint tracescan be detected on the bowls, and on some the miltos has probably disappearedaltogether. The proportionof bowls treated with miltos was thereforeprobablysomewhat higher than present traces indicate. The practiceseems to have become less

commonafter the middle of the 2nd century.

PINE-CONE, IMBRICATE, FLORAL, AND FIGURED BOWLS Fourtypesof decorationappearon bowlsof the last quarterof the 3rdcenturyandfirsthalfof the 2nd leavesor petals,elaboratefloralcompositions,and figuredscenes. century:pine-conescales,overlapping 3 Swedish CyprusExpeditionIII, pis. 90, 92, no. 292c. Cf. also the glass bowl in Oliver, "PersianExport Glass," p. 15, fig. 14. 4Segall, p. 9, fig 2; Rabinowitz,op. cit (footnote 12, p. 7 above), pl. 3; Byvanck-Quarlesvan Ufford, "Un bol d'argent,"p. 122, fig. 2. Long-petaldecorationoccurs on glass bowls of both shapes in the Agora (Weinberg,"HellenisticGlass Vessels from the Athenian Agora," pp. 381-391). 5 Two partsof wine to five of waterwas apparentlythe usual mixture. Hesiod, however,speaksof dilutingwine with three parts of water (Worksand Days, line 596), and Anakreonmixes two parts of water with one of wine (Anakreon,Fr. 63 Bergk = Fr. 43 Diehl). See W. Younger, Gods, Men, and Wine, London 1966, pp. 109-111. 6 Edwardssaw no Corinthianbowls with grooves below the lip which were colored with miltos (CorinthVII, iii, p. 154), but a few examples have now been found at Corinth.I owe this informationto CharlesEdwards,who has been studyinga largegroupof moldmade bowls at Corinth (Hesperia 50, 1981, pp. 189-210). Cf. 371, probably a Corinthian import. 7 Miltos was probablya solution of yellow ocher in water. See J. V. Noble, The Techniqueof PaintedAtticPottery,New York 1966, pp. 60-61. 8 Thompson believed that the miltos was applied before glazing (Thompson, p. 454).

16

THE AGORA MATERIAL

BOWLS PINE-CONE (1-12, Pls. 1-2, 73) The simplesttype of bowl is thatdecoratedwith nodulesin imitationof a pine cone.9The mold may even, in some cases,have been takendirectlyfroma pine cone (cf. 10).No metalbowlsof this typeare silvervasefromthe Mogilanska moundin Bulgaria,however,is decoratedwith known;a small4th-century of clayvasesof the pine-conemotif,andit is possiblethatmoldssuchas 10 wereused in the manufacture the sameshape.10 Analysisof ancientstorageamphorashasshownthatancientGreekwine,likeits modem descendant,was sometimesresinated;"perhapsthe pine-conemotif refersto this. Thesearethe rarestbowlsat the Agora,comprisingless than4%of the totalat anyone time.Onlytwo wholeandtherearefragmentsof onlyaboutfiftymore.Theywereamongthe earliestto be aresubstantially produced;fragmentswere foundin P 10:2and H 6:4, two of the earliestdepositsin the Agorawhich the same concentrationin depositsof the last containmoldmadebowls. They occur in approximately quarterof the 3rdcenturydownto the middleof the 2nd century,whentheybecomerarerafterthe introductionof the long-petalbowls.Althoughone of the twowholebowlscomesfroma contextof the second after halfof the 2nd century(2 fromP 20:2),it seemslikelythatthe bowlswerenot actuallymanufactured the end of the 3rd century. The shape of the pine-conebowls is ratherdifferentfrom that of other moldmadebowls,perhaps becausethey imitateda naturalobject Oftenthey are narrowand elongated,with roundedbottoms(3), thoughsome examplesapproacha morecanonicalshape(1, 7). Therimis usuallyplainandturnsin rather thanout (8 is an exception).Themedallionis usuallya rosetteandoftentherearethreefeet in the formof moldedshellsor masks(1,2; cf. 65).Theuse of moldedfeetprobablydoesnot continuebeyondthe endof the 3rd century. of fivemoldswhich the bowlsarecertainlyAttic;the clayis Atticandfragments Despitethesedifferences havebeenfoundin theAgoraexcavations wereusedfortheirmanufacture (forcatalogued examplessee 10-12). the that turned out the sameshops Thesebowlswereproducedby floral,imbricate,andfiguredbowls. Themedallionof 7, a doublefour-petaled rosette,occursalsoon a floralbowl(P 22940)andon a moldfora floralor figuredbowl (299). A pine-conebowl from the Pnyx'2has the AthenaParthenosmedallion commonon productsof the Workshopof Bion,an atelieractivein the late3rdandearly2ndcenturies(see the pine-conemotifwas sometimescombinedwithimbricatepalmettes pp. 26-27, PI. 98). Furthermore, (9) or floraldecoration(68). Miltoswasobservedon abouthalfof the examplesof pine-conebowlsin the Agora.On overhalfof the cataloguedexamplesthe glazeis peelingbadly.Thompsonfelt thatthe fine glazeof his two fragmentsof theirearlydate.13It seems,however,thatpoorglazingoccurseven on our earliest this type corroborated examples. BowLS4 (13-48;Pls. 3-8, 56, 57, 73) IMBRICATE

Imbricatebowls, whose decorationconsistsof overlappingleaves or petals,were producedin some quantityfromthe last quarterof the 3rdcenturyto the early1st centuryB.C. Thereis widevariationin the 9 For the term "pine-conebowls"see CorinthVII, iii, pp. 157-158. These are the same as Courby's"bols a bossettes"(Courby, p. 334) and Thompson's "bowls covered with nodules" (Thompson, pp. 455-456). 10L. Casson and I. Veredikov, ThracianTreasures from Bulgaria,MetropolitanMuseum of Art, New York 1977, pp. 60-61, no. 39. n Grace,"StampedAmphoraHandles,"p. 297 and note 1; P. E. Corbett,"AtticPotteryof the LaterFifth Century,"Hesperia18, 1949, p. 336, under no. 106; see also Agora V, p. 8, under "mastic"and references cited there. 12 Pnyx, no. 101. 13 Thompson, p. 456. 14 Courbycalled these "bols imbrications"(Courby,p. 334). The name was translatedby Thompson as "bowlscovered with a imbricateleaves" (Thompson, pp. 455-456) and by Edwardsas "bowls with imbricateleaves" (Pnyx,pp. 85, 90) and "imbricate bowls" (CorinthVII, iii, pp. 157-161).

PINE-CONE, IMBRICATE, FLORAL, AND FIGURED BOWLS

17

Thesemaybe dividedinto twogroups.Bowlsof typesandsizesof leavesandpetalsin the walldecoration. the firstgrouphavelargeleavesandpetals;the mostcommontypesareillustratedon Plate94. Lotuspetals leaves(22, are the favorite(13-20,23, 41), but thereare also tall, ribbedferns(21) and stylizedtriangular be The second favors small leavesand Different of leaves combined 20, 41, may 42). group types (19, 40). petals.Pointedribbedleaves("smallferns")are the most common(24-29,33, 43-45)but lotuspetals(34, 35),acanthusleaves(32,37),fronds(31,36) andpalmettes(30)arealsoused.Thereis one exampleeachof overlappingscales (38) and shells (39). The medallionsand the rim patternsare in manycasesthe sameas those on floraland figuredbowls producedby theWorkshopof BionandWorkshopA. Compare,forexample,the rimsof 25 and99 andthe medallionsof 40 and72, of 26 and87, andof 24 and214(see pp. 26-27, 28-29, P1.98 fortheseworkshops). The connectionis evenclearerin the case of manyof the figuredbowls,especiallythe idyllicbowlsof the Workshopof Bion, whichhave an imbricatecalyxreachinghalfwayup the wall (99, 103).It is therefore certainthat the same shops producedimbricate,floral,and figuredbowls. The glazeof the imbricatebowlsis generallyof highquality,particularly on morecarefullymadespecimens. It should,however,be noted that carelesslymade bowls existedin the first quarterof the 2nd century(37), while fine ones were still being producedin the early 1st century(35). The earliestdepositcontainingimbricatebowlsis B 20:7, whichwas laid downbeforethe end of the 3rd centuryand containsmaterialof the secondhalf of the century.Thereare fragmentsof about 150 imbricatebowlsfromdatedcontextsin the Agora.Theyaccountforapproximately 15%of the totalproduction of moldmade bowls in the firsthalf of the 2nd century.This figuredropsto about 10%in later contexts,

afterthe introductionof the long-petalbowl.It is certain,however,thatimbricatebowlscontinuedto be the same medallionwhich appearson 35 occurscommonlyon long-petalbowls of the manufactured: Workshopof Apollodoros,whichprobablyfunctionedin the early1st centuryB.C. (cf. 341;see p. 37 for Workshopof Apollodoros). Althoughthe evidenceis not conclusive,it is likelythatthe bowlswitha calyxof largelotuspetalsare the earliest(13-15).Theyare simple,often havingno rim pattern,and bearthe greatestresemblanceto Theyhavelittlein commonwiththe figuredbowlswhichwereso popularin possiblemetalprototypes.15 the first quarterof the 2nd century,and are probablyproductsof the 3rd century. The imbricatebowls with smallerleavesand elaboraterim patternsprobablybeganto be produced slightlylater,alongwith figuredbowls,with whichthey sharemanystampsfor leaves,rims,and medallions. These too, however,were being made by the end of the 3rd century. FLORALBowLS16(49-92; Pls.

8-16, 56, 57, 73, 74)

Thereare no clearlines of demarcation separatingfloral,imbricate,and figuredbowls;all threewere andinevitablytherearebowlswhichseemto belong by the sameworkshops, producedcontemporaneously to two classes.Threebowls(54,72, 73) are decoratedwithsimpleacanthusleavesor largestylizedfronds but have been includedamongfloralbowlsin the Cataloguebecausethe leavesdo not actuallyoverlap. Severalother examples(74, 81, 86-92) containsmall birds,Erotes,or otherfiguresin a predominantly floralscheme.Exampleson whichthe figuresare subsidiaryto the floralelements(74, 81, 86) havebeen classedas floralbowls.A numberof bowls(87-92)on whichthe floraland figuredelementsare evenly balancedhave been groupedtogetherin the Catalogueas "FloralBowls with Figures." I Cf. a bronze bowl from Ras Shamra(Schaeffer,op. cit. [footnote 13, p. 7 above],pl. 30:4);Hausmann,pl. 1; for an example in faience see Parlasca,p. 139, fig. 4. 16 Courby called these "bols a decor vegetal et floral"(Courby,pp. 334-337), and Thompson called them "bowlswith purely bowls"(Pnyx,p. 85; CorinthVII, floraland vegetable decoration"(Thompson,p. 455). Edwards'name for them is "leaf-and-tendril iii, pp. 156-157). If one takes the word "flora"in its broadest sense, they may simply and accuratelybe called floral bowls.

18

THE AGORA MATERIAL

Therearefragmrents of about200 floralbowlsfromdatedcontextsin the Agora.On the mostcommon allternatewithfloraltentype,tall,pointed(Nymphaeacaerulea)or rounded(Nymphaealotus)lotuspetals drilsor grapevines(49-53,55-67,78, 79, 83). Oftenthe tendrilsspringfroma calyxandareperhapsto be understoodas partof an acanthusplant(e.g. 49, 56). Of 53 examplesof Attic manufacture in the Agora collection,30 bowlsfrom25 differentmoldshavefloraltendrilsbetweenthe lotus petals,while23 have grapevinesin thatposition.Fromthissampleit appearsthatthe twotypeswereequallypopularat Athens; the floral tendrils may appear earlier.17

Oftena serratedleaf,possiblya fernor an elongatedacanthusleaf,occurswiththe vinesandlotuspetals (49-53, 79), in one case with the lotus petals alone (54). There are also tall, spiky plants which are probably

fruitstemsof the datepalm (59,60).18 The largeacanthusleavescommonon NearEasternbowlsandon extant silver bowls19are rare on floral bowls (74,87,87, 88), and the only examples of the broadNymphaea nelumbo petal are imported (375).20A more unusual composition, paralleledin glass and fa9ence,2 is a

grapevineor garlandrunninghorizontallyaroundthe bowl (68-71). in the last quarterof the 3rdcentury.Thebowls Bowlswithfloraldecorationbeganto be manufactured arewellglazedandmiltosoccurson abouthalfthe examples.Therehasbeena gentlebutpersistentdebate over the question of whether the floral or figured bowls were manufacturedfirst. Some scholarsmaintain that the floral bowls are earlierand that the calyx graduallyreceded to admit the figureswhich eventually

tookoverthe wholebowl.22Othersbelievethatthe floralelementgradually increasedandcrowdedout the TheAgoradepositsofferno realsupportforeithercontention.Theearliestdepositswhichcontain figures.23 moldmadebowlshavefragmentsof all fourtypes:pine-cone,imbricate,floral,andfigured.It can only be in aboutequal saidthatat the beginningof productionfloral,imbricate,andfiguredbowlsarerepresented numbers,althougheven then the figuredbowlsare slightlymorecommon.Thereafter, however,figured bowlsare more thantwiceas numerous,representingslightlyoverhalf the totalof the fourtypes,while imbricateand floralbowls accountfor about 15%and 20%of the total, respectively. In this connectionit shouldbe notedthatthe bestparallelswithpreservedmetalbowlsareto be found amongthe floralbowls(see footnote6, p. 6 above,andpp. 8-9). Theirclose similarityto the conjectured metalprototypesmayimplythattheywereamongthe firstbowlsto be produced.The extremelyfinedetail of 49 and 50, which were probablymade in the 3rd century,has the crispnessof metalwork;they are probablydirectcopies of metal bowls. The ratiobetweenpine-cone,floral,and figuredbowlsremainsthe sameafterthe introductionof the long-petalbowl. Thereafter,however,floralbowlsaccountfor only 10%of totalproduction.Theyrarely in Sullandestruction debrisof 86 B.C. occurin contextslaiddownafterca 145andarenotwellrepresented Possiblythey werenot producedin Athensat all afterthe middleof the 2nd century;examplesfoundin later contextsmay be strayfragmentsor heirlooms.

17Byvanck-Quarlesvan Ufford has suggested that Athenian potters preferredto decorate their bowls with grapevines,while floral tendrils were more popular at Antioch ("Les bols megariens,"p. 12). 18 Thompson, p. 351, under C 16. 19For the silver bowls see "Les bols m6gariens,"p. 15, figs. 12, 13; p. 18, fig. 16; pp. 20-21, figs. 18-20. For Near Eastem examples see Antioch IV, i, figs. 11-13. 20 Cf. also P 3377: Thompson E 79. 21 Adriani,pis. 1-3; Byvanck-Quarles au CorningMuseum of Glass,"pp. 47-48, van Ufford,"Lebol hellenistique en verre dorr figs. 3, 4. 22 Thompson, pp. 455-456; Pnyx, pp. 90-91; CorinthVII, iii, p. 152; Hausmann, p. 19; "Les bols m6gariens,"pp. 5-6, 13; pp. 35-36. homeriques," Byvanck-Quarlesvan Ufford, "Les bols 94; Zentralmuseum,p. 2. 23Metzger, pp. 84-85, Kraus,a

PINE-CONE, IMBRICATE, FLORAL, AND FIGURED BOWLS FIGURED BOWLS24 (93-281;Pls.

19

16-57, 74-86)

TYPES OF FIGURED DECORATION

The decorationof figuredbowlsfocusesuponthe humanandanimalfigureswhichappearon the wall overhalfof the wallor, conversely,be reducedto a singlerowof abovea floralcalyx.Thiscalyxmayo cover leaves.The Agoracollectioncontainsfragmentsor whole examplesof over550 figuredbowlsfromdated of the contexts.Theyaccountforabout50%of the bowlsfoundin contextsdatingbeforethe introduction long-petalbowl in the 140'sand about25%thereafter.Figuredbowls beganto be producedin the last quarterof the 3rdcenturyand continuedto be madeuntilthe mid-2ndcentury.Theyweremanufactured only in much reducednumbers,if at all, thereafter. The representations which appearon the walls of the figuredbowls can be dividedinto two major groups. The larger is made up of bows decoratedwith idyllic scenes. Various real and mythologicalcreaturesare representedon bowls of this type. The simplest(93-102)have a largecalyx,above which are small alternatingfiguresof birds and Erotes (93-98), birds and rosettes(100), masks and diamonds(101),andthe like.M borate examplesshowantithetical figures,oftenflankingkraters.The most popularfigureswere Erotesand rampantgoats(99, 103-121,143, 145),but satyrs(122-129),Nikai (139,140,143,144),cocks(134-138),griffins(167-169),andcentaursplayingmusicalinstruments(129-132, 275) are also common. Some bowls havemore elaboratescenes.Runninganimals,such as Pegasos(152-154,276),a goator boarriddenby an Eros (152,153, 155),mountedmen or Erotesbearingtorches(156-160),or two-horse but more often runningin one chariots(150-153,275-277)are shown, sometimesplacedantithetically directionaroundthe bowl. thehe lattercase they seem to representraces or hunts. A numberof bowlsof the idyllictypearedecoratedwithmarinemotifs(170-186).The sameantithetical Eroteson dolphins,Scylla,andothersea is usedbutthe stampsshowTritonsandTritonesses, arrangement monsters.Thesesea creaturesaresometimesincongruously combinedwithgoats,mythologicalscenes,or hunts(175,176,182,186).One of thesebowlsshowsa womanplayingthe pipewhiledolphinsleapabout her (180);perhapsit illustratesa lost Hellenisticpoem. Sceneson the othermajorgroupof figuredbowlsaremorestrictlyrepresentational. Manyof the same Theserepresentational schemesin turnfallinto stampsappearbut theyarearrangedmorenaturalistically. two groups:huntingscenes and mythologicalscenes. In the huntingscenes(238-272)the hunters,mountedor on foot,andaccompaniedby hounds,pursue leopards(238,242),lions (243,246),boars(252,271, 272),stags(242-245,247, 267-270),and hares(252) while birdsfly above.The huntersmay be eithermortalmen or Erotes.In one seriesthe poses of the and the huntingmosaicsfromPella huntersare similarto those of figureson the AlexanderSarcophagus (246-251).Sometimeshuntingscenesare combinedwith antitheticalgroups(260,263),or the stampsof is less huntersand theirpreyareused in a stylizedcomposition(238).Usually,however,the arrangement stiff than on the idyllic or mythologicalbowls. The mythologicalscenes(187-237,277-281)usuallysharethe rigidstructureof the idyllicscenes;three or four stampsare often repeatedin sequence.In only a few cases is there an attemptat narrative. andrequireno comment.On 190Odysseusis boundto the mastof his Manyscenesarestraightforward shipwhilesea monsterssportabouthim;thisperhapsrepresentsa conflationof the storiesof the sirensand The isolatedfigureof Odysseusappearselsewhere(91,191,192,227)andis identiof ScyllaandCharybdis. wears.25 fied by the conicalcap that he characteristically 24

Courby's"bols a decor varie et corolle vegetale"(Courby,pp. 338-362). Thompson called them "bowlsof varieddecoration" (Thompson, p. 456). Edwards' designation of "figuredbowls" is used here (Pnyx, pp. 85, 91; CorinthVII, iii, pp. 163-171). 25 Cf. the figureof Odysseus on an Etruscanbronzemirrorof the 3rdor 2nd centuryin the BritishMuseum, inv. no. 731 (Monumentiineditipublicatidall' Institutodi Correspondenza Archeologica8, 1864-1868, pl. 47:1). There are many examples in red figure:

20

THE AGORA MATERIAL

Divinitiescanbe identifiedby theirusualattributes.Artemisstandsbesideherfawn(224,225),Apollo withhis tripod(231).Athenais identifiedby herarmor(227,229),Heraklesby his club (227),Hermesby the kerykeion,wingedhat, and boots (228).Dionysosisis shownstandingbesidea panther(220,227) or ridingupon one (181,223). Maenadsand sileni standor sit undertrees,presumablya referenceto the wildsettingof theirrevels(220,222).Figuresof nudewomenwithDionysosor membersof his thiasosare dressmayalsobe a maenad(221). probablymaenadsas well(203,223).A boldlystridingfigurein archaistic A few bowls show battle scenes, most of which are probablyAmazonomachies(233-236). In somecasesthe figuresareverysimpleandcannotbe identifiedby anyattribute.Thisis the casewith is not 232,a personfacingright.It is betternot to attachnamesto thesefigures.In othercasesidentification secure but I have adopted for the sake of convenience the labels assigned by Courby and Schwabacher.26 Descriptions and comment on these scenes and figures follow. FIGURES DERIVED FROM TERRACOTTAALTARS

Fourof the most commonmythologicalgroupsknownon Attic bowlsalso occuron the foursidesof small, terracottaincense altars,which have been found throughoutthe Mediterraneanfrom Sicily to Asia

cameto lightin Taranto;WuilleuA largenumberof theseand the moldsfortheirmanufacture Minor.27 mierbeier ved that they originatedthere, and G. Sieberts recent study of bowls from the Peloponnese, on

which figuresfrom the altarsare very common,adds supportto this view.28It is possible,however, thereas well.29 thattheirbeginningswereelsewhere,perhapsin Athens;they wereat leastmanufactured These four scenes appear consistently on Attic bowls but are also found on bowls from other sites:

1) Dionysiactrio (201, 208-216,225; Pls. 38, 41-44, 81-83; cf. Courby,figs. 69:3 and 78:21) This group can be seen most clearlyon the drawingsof 201, 216, and 225 (Pls. 81-83) and on the photographof 210 (PI. 41). An unbeardedDionysos with long hair standsfrontallywith legs wide apart.He wears

bootsand a nebrisand turnshis head to the righttowardsa drapedwoman(Ariadneor a maenad),who embraceshim.A smallsnub-nosedsatyrstandsat his left The satyr'slefthandrestson Dionysos'left hip; his rightarmreachesaroundthe god, so thatthe handis visibleat Dionysos'rightside. He seems to be supportinghis inebriatedmaster.The scene appearson non-Atticbowls from Corinth,Argos,Delos, Kalymnos,Cyprus,and Alexandria,and on relief ceramicsof Olbia and southernItaly.30 2) PoseidonandAmymone(213-216,219,225,277,278;Pls. 4144, 54, 82, 83; cf. Courby,fig. 70:18,19) Thisgroupcanbe seen clearlyon 214and216(Pls.42,43, 82).At the left standsa frontalfemalefigure, wearinga peplos and holdinga situlaor oinochoein her righthand.At the rightis a partiallydraped, beardedman holdinga trident(or sometimesa scepter)in the crookof his left arm.He extendshis right armtowardsthe womanandrestshis handon herleft shoulder.The woman'sleft armis bentso thather Reutlingen1924,E 120, p. 50, pl. 32; A. Furtwanglerand K Reichhold,Griechische e.g. C. Watzinger,GriechischeVasenin Tuibingen, Vasenmalerei,Munich 1932, pl. 142. 26 Courby, pp. 344-346; Schwabacher,pp. 185-200. 27 For a collection of these altarsand parallelsin relief ceramicssee Schwabacher,pp. 185-193; and Siebert, Recherchessur les ateliers, pp. 240-246. 28 Wuilleumier, "Brule-parfumsen terre cuite," pp. 68-72; Siebert, Recherchessur les ateliers, p. 240. 29 D. B. Thompson, "Hellenistic Terracottas,II C," pp. 259-260; Braun, p. 176. 30 The group has been discussed by Zahn, "HellenistischeReliefgefasse,"pp. 45-48; Deonna, "Brule-parfums en terre cuite," pp. 251-252; and Siebert,Recherchessur les ateliers,pp. 244-245. Examples are listed in Schwabacher,pp. 185-188. The scene also appearson bowls and altarsunearthedat Corinth(CorinthXII, no. 889; CorinthVII, iii, nos. 807 and 810), Athens (D. B. Thompson, "Hellenistic Terracottas,II C," p. 259, fig. 2, pl. 91; Braun, no. 149; Metzger, no. 125), Troy (D. B. Thompson, Troy, Monograph,III, The TerracottaFigurinesof the HellenisticPeriod,Princeton 1963, nos. 293, 294), and Argos (Siebert, Supplementary Recherchessur les ateliers, M 11, M 12, p. 350, p1. 24; M 28, p. 352,pI1. 24; K 308, p. 343,pil. 37).

PINE-CONE, IMBRICATE, FLORAL, AND FIGURED BOWLS

21

handholdshis as it restson her shoulder.The tridentidentifiesthe manas Poseidon.The womanmaybe Amymone,the daughterof Danaos,whoborethe childNaupliosto Poseidon.Therearevariousversionsof how theirunion occurred,31 but most agreethat she was fetchingwaterat the time, hence the situlaor oinochoe. SincePoseidon'stridentmaybe eitheromitted(215)or transformed intoa scepteror thyrsos(216),and sincethe twofiguresareoftenshownseparately, theselabelsservemoreas a conveniencethanas a definite identification. Examplesof thissceneoccuron bowlsfromCorinth,Argos,Epidauros,Sparta,Pergamon,andCyprus, and on relief ware of Olbia.32 3) Apollo and Leto (213-219;Pls. 41-43, 82; cf. Courby,fig. 70:14, 16) Thesefigurescan be seen clearlyon 214 (P1.42) and 216 (PI.82). A nude and unbeardedApollosits facingthe viewer'srighton a stoolor rockcoveredby drapery.He is playingthe kithera.A drapedfemale figurestandsat the right,turnedslightlytowardhim.Shewearsa veil anda himationdrapedin a triangular patternin frontandholdsa tallstaffor scepterin herrighthand.Sheis probablyeitherApollo'ssisteror his to Leto thanto Artemis.33 The figuresalso mother,althoughthe veil and scepterare more appropriate occur on bowls from Corinth,Argos, Delphi, and Thessalonikiand on a situla from Olbia.34 4) Womandecoratinga trophy(200, 216; Pls. 38, 43, 82; cf. Courby,fig. 72:30) A womanwalksrightholdinga wreathin herupraisedrighthand.She is drapedbut herrightshoulder is exposed.The trophywhichshe approachesconsistsof a stakeembeddedin a moundof earthor rocks; upon it hanga helmet,cuirass,and shield.Non-Atticparallelsmay be foundat Megara,Corinth,Argos, Delos, Pergamon,Cyprus,Thessaloniki,and Olbia.35 An exampleof the late 3rd or early2nd century(216)illustratesthe differentinterpretations a potter couldgiveto thesestamps.The womanwiththe wreathis combinedwiththe Poseidon,whosetridenthas been transformed into a thyrsos.Otherstampson the bowl includethe Dionysiactrio, dancingsatyrs, and AmymonewithanotherPoseidonwho does not carrya trident.Apollohas becomea simple Apollo, musician,the otherfiguresnot gods but mortalrevelers.One wondersif even the potterhimselfknewor he simplyadaptedthemto suitthe particular caredwhomthe stampsrepresented; bowlhe wasworkingon. Otherisolatedfigureswhichoccuron terracottaaltarsmay also be foundon Attic bowls:Cassandra clutchingthe xoanon(230),36and a figureof Helen,who appearson the bowlsas a companionof Persephone (193, 279, 280; see pp. 22-23 below). ABDUCTIONS

1) Heraklesand Auge (167, 203-207;Pls. 31, 39, 40, 81; cf. Courby,fig. 70:26c) An unbeardedmanwiththick,shorthairsitson a seatcoveredby drapery.His upperbodyis frontal,his legs turnedto the right.A strapfor a swordor quiverrunsdiagonallyacrosshis chest Acrosshis lap he 31 RE

I, ii, 1894, s.v. Amymone, col. 2002; Deonna, "Brule-parfums,"pp. 249-250. Schwabacher,pp. 188-190. For bowls from Argos see Siebert, Recherchessur les ateliers,A 24, pp. 286-287, pl. 4; M 10, p. 350, pl. 23; M 23, M 27, M 28, pp. 351-352, pl. 24; K 333, p. 346, pl. 39. For bowls from Corinthsee ibid.,Co 4, Co 5, pl. 44, and CorinthVII, iii, nos. 796, 797, 801, 811, 824, 825. 33 p. 67; Siebert,Recherchessur les ateliers,pp. 21, 246. pp. 245-247; Wuilleumier,"Brule-parfums," Deonna, "Bruile-parfums," 34 Schwabacher,pp. 190-191; Metzger, no. 126 (from Piraeus);Siebert, Recherchessur les ateliers,A 39, A 40, p. 288, pl. 5; M 11, M 14, pp. 350-351, pl. 24; K 316, p. 344, pl. 38 (from Argos); CorinthVII, iii, nos. 798, 799, 814, 815 (from Corinth). 35 pp. 247-249; Braun, nos. 149 and 195 (from Athens); Siebert, Schwabacher,pp. 191-192; Deonna, "Bruile-parfums," Recherchessur les ateliers,pp. 243-244; M 10, M 12, M 19, M 27, M 28, pp. 350-352, pis. 23-24 (from Argos); CorinthVII, iii, nos. 796, 802, 806, 807, 811, 815, 820, 826, 831-835 (from Corinth). 36For a discussion of this group see Siebert, Recherchessur les ateliers, pp. 252-254. 32

THE AGORA MATERIAL

22

holds the nude body of a womanand clutchesher rightarmwith his righthand.She holdsher left arm clear on 203-206. over her head and appearsto have fainted.The stampsare particularly of thispairuncertain.Sincethe manis unbeardedhe Theabsenceof attributesmakesthe identification The not as is probably Zeus, Courbysuggested.37 couplehasalso been identifiedas AchillesandPenthesiis possiblebut the latterhas identification leia38or Heraklesand Auge, the moEither but sincethe decorationof gainedwideracceptance.The scene couldbe eroticratherthanmythological; Hellenisticmoldmadereliefbowlsis particularly chaste,withonlyan occasionalexcitedsatyrrepresenting the ribaldsideof oflielife (121,128),an overtlyeroticconnotationis unlikely.Mostparallelsforthis sceneare Attic, althoughit occurson a non-Atticbowl from Megara.40 2) Zeus and Ganymede(198-202,213, 232; Pls. 38, 41, 45, 80, 81; cf. Courby,fig. 70:26b). A beardednudeman holdsa youngboy in his armsandlooksbackoverhis shoulderat an eaglewho standsbehindand abovehim. Watzinger,followedby Courby,tentativelyidentifiedthis as the Rapeof The figuresmaybe bestobservedon 199and200.Anotherstamp(198)representsthe abducGanymede.41 tion slightlydifferentlyandmoreliterally:a largeeagleenfoldsthe boy in his wings.The beardedman is lacking.Parallelsarecommonon Atticbowlsandappearalsoon non-AtticbowlsfromDelos,Delphi,and southern Russia.42 3) Rape of Europa (1%197;

Pls. 37, 80)

fromtwo fragmentsfromthe Agora.Europa(196)sits sidesaddleon a Thisscenemaybe reconstructed bull (197) who rearsup to the left Her legs are towardsthe bull's hindquarters,and she looks to the left, the

directionin whichthe bullis running.Sheis nudeto the waistandpullshercloakup behindherin an arch, a gesture common in compositions of this sort43 4) Rape of Persephone (193-195, 279, 280; Pls. 36, 37, 54, 55, 80) Scenes of the abduction of Persephone representrare examples of attempts at continuous narrativeon

Attic bowls.Fragmentsof severalhave been foundin the Agora,fourof whichappearin the Catalogue. A quadrigaracesto the left, drivenby a beardedHadeswholooksoverhis shoulderas thoughpursued. He holds in his armsPersephone,a smalldrapedfigurewith streaminghairand oustretchedarms.The chariotis led by Hermes,identifiedby the kerykeionhe carries;he is nudeexceptfora cloakoverhis shoulders.Theyapproacha gatewaywitha pediment,whichis inscribedwiththe wordUoe3pwvandmarksthe A bushy-haired man with bestialcountenance,wearingonly a shortskirt, entranceto the underworld.44 hornson standsplayinga doublepipe in a field of reedsto the left of the gateway.Murraydistinguished the figureon a bowlin the BritishMuseumandidentifiedhim as Pan,playinga weddingsongforHades. The reeds representthe banks of the Acheron. Variouspursuersfollowthe chariot.A drapedwomanwalksright,lookingbackleft afterthe fleeing chariot.She haspulledher himationup overherhead.Probablyshe is one of the companionswithwhom Persephonehadbeengatheringflowerswhenshe wassnatchedaway.Thefigureis identical,however,with altar.45 Closeby, anotherdrapedwomanrunsafterthe chariot,her a figureof Helenon an Atticterracotta 37 Courby, p. 344. 38A. Furtwangler,Beschreibungder Vasensammlungim AntiquariumI, Berlin 1885, p. 801, no. 2889. 39 H. B. Walters, Catalogue of the Greek and EtruscanVases in the British Museum IV, London 1896, p. 253, G 103.

193-195; Pnyx, nos. 3, 4. 65; Courby, p. 344. 42 Schwabacher,pp. 195-196; Pnyx, no. 5; Braun, no. 195. 43 See, e.g., a 4th-centuryplastic lekythos (M. Trumpf-Lyritzaki, GriechischeFigurenvasen,Bonn 1969, p. 42, no. 115,pl. 6). 44 A. S. Murray, "A New Stele from Athens," pp. 34. 45 D. B. Thompson, "Hellenistic Terracottas,II C," nos. 19, 20.

40 Schwabacher,pp. 41 Watzinger,p.

PINE-CONE, IMBRICATE, FLORAL, AND FIGURED BOWLS

23

righthandstretchedout in frontof her;thismustbe eitherDemeteroranothercompanion.Otherpursuers followher.Athenais identifiedby her helmet,spear,and shield.Artemiswearsbootsanda shortchiton, has a quiveroverher shoulder,and drawsher bow.A thirdwomancarriestwo largetorchesandmaybe eitherDemeteror Hekate.Thesefiguresappearin differentorderon differentbowlsandsometimesone or anotheris omitted.Flowersgrowin the fieldthroughwhichtheyrun,andthereis an occasionaloverturned kalathos,droppedby Persephoneand her companionsin their confusion. fine antecedentfor the centralfiguresof the compositionhas recentlybeen unearthedin A remarkably northernGreece.In a well-preserved Hades paintingon the northwallof the "chamber grave"at Vergina,46 driveshis quadriga to the left,precededby Hermes.He holdsPersephone,herenude,diagonally acrosshis bodywith his left arm;he does not turnhis head,but glancesbackas thoughfearingpursuit.As on the armsareextendedoverherheadas she reachesbacktowardshercompanions,one of bowls,Persephone's whom kneelsat the right,her armsraisedin alarm.Andronikoshas suggestedthatthe frescomayreproduce a Rape of Persephoneby the mid-4thcenturyartistNikomachos.47 LABORSOF HERAKLES(187, 188, 281;

Pls. 34, 55, 79)

Laborsof Heraklesareshownon some of the bowlsproducedby WorkshopA (see pp. 00-00 below). Threelaborsareillustratedon 187:the NemeanLion,the KeryneianHind,andthe Applesof the Hesperides.A fragmentof anotherbowl(188)illustrates anotherlabor,theMaresof Diomedes.Partof a moldfora similarbowlis alsopreserved(281).A set of foursuchbowlsmighthaveshownalltwelvelabors,a different three laborson each bowl. Publishedfragmentsof otherAtticbowlsillustratethreemorelabors.Oneshowsthe laborof the Cretan Bull, with tracesof the LernaianHydraand the KeryneianHindon eitherside.48A bowlfromthe Pnyx preserves,besidesthe Hydraandthe gardenof the Hesperides,a thirdsceneof Heraklesfightinga snake; presumablythis representsan alternateversionof the Hydraor the Hesperidesstory.49 Therewereprobablymetalprototypesforthesebowls.Althoughno contemporary examplesareextant, twelvelaborsarerepresented on two silvercups,probablydatingto the secondhalfof the 1st centuryB.C., fromthe House of Menanderin Pompeii.50 The iconographyof the gardenof the Hesperides,the Keryneian hind, and the mares of Diomedes on these silver examplesis similarto that on 187 and 188. LABORS OF THESEUS

(189; PI. 35)

Three labors of Theseus are preservedon 189;a fourthis missing. The hero is shown fightingthe Minothe Marathonian human taur, andthe bull, bulla adversary, either Prokrustesor Periphetes.51All three composi-

tionsshowa strikingresemblanceto the metopesof the Hephaisteion; thisis not surprising, sincethepotter probablyworked near the temple, and its sculpturewould have offeredan obvious source of inspiration.52

The samestampof the strugglewiththe bull occurson otherbowlsin conjunctionwithHeraklesandthe maresof Diomedes.53 The obviousconnectionwiththe Hephaisteionmetopesimpliesthatthe grouporigi46

M. Andronikos, The Royal Graves at Vergina,Athens 1978, p. 9, fig. 4; p. 11, fig. 5; p. 15-18. Ibid., p. 18; see Pliny, Naturalis Historia xxxv.36.44. For the adaptationof this composition to Roman funeraryart see B. Andreae, Studienzur romischenGrabkunst(Mitteilungendes DeutschenArchdologischen Instituts,RomischeAbteilung,Suppl. 9), Heidelberg 1961, pp. 45-49; H. Sichtermannand G. Koch, GriechischeMythenauf romischenSarkophagen,Tilbingen 1975, pp. 5659. 48 Hausmann, p. 89, pis. 47:2, 58:2. 49 Pnyx, no. 2; Hausmann, pp. 90-92. 50A. Maiuri, La Casa del Menandroe il suo tesoro di argenteria,Rome 1932, pp. 310-321, pis. 25-30. 51 For the identificationof the adversaryin the last-named labor see C. Morgan, "The Sculptures of the Hephaisteion, I," Hesperia 31, 1962, pp. 212-214. 52 Ibid., pls. 72:a, 75:a,b. For locations of workshops see p. 31. 53 Pnyx, no. 120. 47

24

THE AGORA MATERIAL

scenesfromthe lives of nallywas intendedto representTheseus;possiblysuch bowlsshowedalternating the two heroes.It is alsolikelythatthe samestampwas used indiscriminately to representeitherTheseus and the Marathonianbull or Heraklesand the Cretanbull. UNIDENTIFIEDSTAMPS

A few stampson bowlsfromthe Agoraarehithertounrecorded andtheiridentification is problematical. 1) Death of Opheltes?(203, 204; Pls. 39, 40) A drapedwomanholdinga smallchildin herrightarmrunsto the left.Thechildis shownfrombehind, his rightarmoutstretched as he clingsto the woman.She looksbackoverher left shoulderandraisesher left armto wardoff a hugesnake,whichcoils aroundbehindherand archesaboveher.The childmaybe Opheltesand the womanhis nurseHypsipyle.Accordingto the myth,she left Opheltesalonein orderto showa waterhole to the sevenwarriorsmarchingagainstThebes;duringher absencethe childwas killed in art,butwhenit appearsthe childis usuallyshownin the Thissceneis notoftenrepresented by a snake.54 coils of the snake,while the womanrunsfor help or watchesappalled.55 Perhaps203 and 204 illustrate anotherversionof the story. 2) Prokne?(202-204;Pls. 38-40, 81) A drapedwomanstandsfrontallyholdinga childhorizontally aboveher head,as thoughintendingto dashhim to the ground.She holdshis left leg in her righthand,his left armin her left hand.Her right breastis exposed,andherlong hairis disheveled.The stampcouldrepresentanymurderousmythological mother,such as Prokne,Medea, or Agave.56 3) Trophy?(203, 224; Pls. 39, 44, 83) Thisstampmaybe seenmostclearlyon the drawingof 224(P1.83).It consistsof a frontaltorsowearing a cuirasswithpleatedskirt,a pointedhelmet,anda cloak.Thereis a staffor scepterin the crookof the left lower element,from arm and an unidentifiedobjectin the righthand.This objecthas a kettle-shaped whichspringsa verticalrod,whichthe figuregrasps.At the top the rodbendsoverto the left anda large object,possiblya goat's head or mask, is attachedto it. The torso has no legs. INTERIORRELIEF MEDALLIONS(287, 288;

P1. 55)

fromimbricate,floral,or figuredbowls,havea bustappliedto the interiorfloor.Thisis Twofragments, and West Slope wheelmade unusualon moldmadebowls but occursmore commonlyon black-glazed bowls of the Hellenisticperiod.57Centralemblemsare occasionallyfoundon the floorsof 4th-century andseem to derivefromthe centralbossof the phiale,to andbowl-shaped kantharoi58 calyx-cupkantharoi which the calyx-cupkantharosis related.Silverbowls sometimeshave emblemsof this sort59

54 RE

XVIII, i, 1939, s.v. Opheltes 1, cols. 635-640.

55 A. D. Trendall,PaestanPottery,Rome 1936, pl. 16:a;F. Friedlaender,"Neue Erwerbungendes K Miinzkabinets,"Archdolo-

gische Zeitung 2, 1869, pp. 99-100, no. 12, pl. 23. 56 In Euripides'BacchaiAgave's son, Pentheus, was a young man, but an enigmaticline in Idyll xxvi of Theokritos(line 29) suggests that in one version of the story he was a child. He appearsas such on a pyxis by the MeidiasPainter(L. Curtius,Pentheus, Berliner Winckelmannsprogramm 88, 1929, p. 12, fig. 15). 57Courby, pp. 225-238, pl. 8. 58 Agora XII, nos. 693-695, pp. 121, 285. 59 E.g. Pernice and Winter,Der hildesheimerSilberfund,pis. 3-5; A. Adriani,Le gobelet en argentdes amoursvendangeursdu Musee d'Alexandrie,Societe Royale d'Archeologie d'Alexandrie, Cahier I, 1939, pls. 4, 5.

PINE-CONE, IMBRICATE, FLORAL, AND FIGURED BOWLS

25

Thereareexamplesof bothbustsandwholefigureson wheelmadebowls.Courbygivesa list of figures shownon emblems;it includesvariousmythologicalfigures,the mostpopularof whichareDionysosand membersof his thiasos.The raggedgarmentwornby the womanon 288 may be a nebris;this and her disheveledhairsuggestthat she is a maenad.The raggedgarmentmay, however,representthe aegisof Athena.Thewingson the headof the figureon 287 suggestthatit representsMedusaor possiblyHermes. WORKSHOPS ATTRIBUTIONS

The largenumbersof moldmadebowlsproducedin Athensand the differencesin style and arrangementof stampsindicatethatseveraldifferentworkshopsweremanufacturing the bowlsat the sametime.60 Eachshopused its own distinctivestamps,at leastfor the minordecorativedetails.It is thereforepossible to classifythe bowlsaccordingto workshop.Sincewe aredealingwithmechanicalreproduction ratherthan artisticcreation,the matteris not complicatedby variationof style withinthe worksof one man or one shop.Thoughthe stampsmaybe assembleddifferently by differentartisanswithinthe shopor by the same artisanat differenttimes,the stampitselfremainsmoreor less the sameandshouldbe characteristic of the shop. Thereare,however,certaindifficulties. The stampdoesin factchangeslightlydueto wear,andeventhe same stamp,appliedwithpressureor lightly,carefullyor carelessly,canleavesomewhatdifferentimpressions.61Furthermore, it waspossibleforone workshopto copy stampsofthe anotherby the simpleprocess of takinga castof all or partof a bowlof thatshop.In somecasesit is clearthatthisis whathappened,for the copyis slightlysmallerthanthe originaldue to shrinkageof the clay.Thisprocessof borrowingcanbe observedin productsof the Workshopof BionandWorkshopA, the two majorateliersof the late3rdand early 2nd centuries (see pp. 26-29). Representationsof the Dionysiac trio and of the woman wreathinga

trophyon the productsof the Workshopof Bion wereprobablytakenfrombowlsof WorkshopA. Conversely,productsof WorkshopA showscenesof the rapeof Ganymedeandof a Tritonswimmingleft that wereprobablycopiedfrombowlsfromthe Workshopof Bion.We mayalsonotethatbowlsof Classes1 3, which come from later contexts than those of the two largeworkshops,have smallerstamps,often copies of those on the earlier products.

A few stampswhichseem to be identicalin size anddetailappearon productsof morethanone workshop;presumablyboth were takenfromthe samepatrixor positivemodel.For instance,the sametwohorsechariotstampwasused by the Workshopof BionandWorkshopA. The bowl152andthe mold275 can be associatedwiththe Workshopof Bionon the basisof rimpatternsandthe smallmotifsin the field. The detailsof the bowl151andthe mold276identifythemas productsof WorkshopA. Yet the sametwohorsechariotappearson all fourpieces.Thisandcertainothermotifswereapparently stockscenesof the TheDionysiactrio,PoseidonandAmymone,the Rapeof Ganymede,andthe Hellenisticpotter'srepertory. in some casesto be identicalin size and detailon bowlsfromdifferentshops.Simiof Rape Auge appear medallionof one shopmayoccasionally larly,the characteristic appearon a bowlof anothershop.Wemust supposethatduplicatesof some stampsmadetheirwayto othershops.Laumoniersumsit up: "Ons'imitait, on se copiait,on se surmoulait,on s'empruntait des poin9ons,ou on se les achetait,ou meme sans doute on se les volait."62 In assigningbowlsto shopsit is best to relyon the stampsthat,thoughdistinctive,werenot striking enoughto inviteimitation.The best criteria,therefore,are the detailsof the rim, fillingornament,floral 60 For studies of workshopsin other centers of manufacturesee KymeI, pp. 15-16, 19-25; Laumonier,"Bols hellenistiquesa reliefs," pp. 253-262; Delos XXXI, passim; Siebert, Recherchessur les ateliers, pp. 1-149. 61 Corbett, "Palmette Stamps,"pp. 173-175. 62 Laumonier, "Bols hellenistiques a reliefs," p. 256.

26

THE AGORA MATERIAL

It wouldbe easierfor a shop to makeits own stampsfor motifs,and, to a lesser degree,medallions.63 spirals,birds,flowers,andthe like thanto copythemfromanothershop.Thesemotifs,however,aresmall and in manycasesthe stampsthatproducedthemwerewornor sloppilyapplied;henceattributions must the rim the truein caseswhereattribution on oftenbe uncertain.Thisis particularly since depends pattern, rimis the firstpartof the moldto showwearandmaybe faintevenwhenthe restof the bowlis fairlyfresh. In the Cataloguea questionmarkappearsaftertentativeattributions. THE WORKSHOPS

It is possibleto distinguisheightdifferentgroupsof bowlson the basisof the stamps.The two largest groupsalmostcertainlyrepresenttwo differentshops (Workshopof Bion and WorkshopA). A smaller groupwhich producedlong-petalbowls is distinctfrom these and will be discussedlater (see p. 37). anothersmallgroup,is probablyalsoseparatefromthe others.Thefourremaining Hausmann's Workshop, which I call mayhavebeenmadeby one of the largershopsbuttheyaredifferentenough "classes", groups, to make secureattributionsimpossible.They certainlydo not representthe entireoutputof a factory. Workshopof Bion (P1.98) Two fragmentsof figuredbowls(154,168)were signedby a man namedBion, perhapsthe owneror mastercraftsmanof a workshop.Thesetwo piecesare clearlyfromthe same shop,for the samestamps rosettein the field.By comparisonof wereusedon bothfor the frondsof the calyxand the eight-petaled these and other stampswith those on unsignedbowls it is possibleto identifyother productsof the Workshopof Bion.The frondsandrosettesarecommonandoccuron severalwholebowls(e.g. 125,152). The birdflyingrighton 168can also be foundon otherbowls(e.g. 163),as can the birdflyingleft on 154 (e.g. 153).The Pegasoson 154appearson 152 and 153;the griffinof 168appearson 167.Manyof these bowls have the characteristic rim, calyx,and medallionmotifsof the shop. Throughthese detailsit is possibleto identifyfragmentsof over200 productsof the shopof Bion amongthe inventoriedpotteryand the sherdsstoredwith the context potteryat the Agora excavations. Sixty-twobowlsand 10 moldsin the Cataloguecan be securelyassociatedwith this shop;another18 bowlsand 6 moldsare less securelyattributed.It seems to havebeen the largestproducerof moldmade bowls in the later 3rd and early2nd centuries. Thegreatvariationwithinthe groupmakesit difficultto givea generaldescriptionof theproductsof the shop.Manybowlsconformto the usualtypeonlyin details.Productsof theWorkshopof Bionusuallyhave either a gorgoneion(e.g. 124, 263, 295), Athena Parthenos(e.g. 296, 297), small eight-petaledrosette with hatchedpetals(e.g. 40, 275), or a linearrosette(e.g. 120, 177) on the medallion,which is often surroundedby beading.These particularrosettesneveroccuron bowls made by other shops,and the at a time gorgoneionand Parthenosare copiedonly rarely.Perhapsthese designsservedas trademarks when signatureswere rare. The shopfavoredcalycesof small,stylizedvegetalmotifs,suchas frondsor smallferns,oftenarranged in an imbricatepattern(e.g. 104,242,243).The uppermostelementof the rim usuallyconsistsof pairsof doublespiralscrownedby palmettesor smallleaves.Belowthisis a simplifiedguilloche(e.g. 130,163)or or chevronsare an ovolo (e.g. 139,170),althoughsometimesmore elaboratepatternswith crosshatching employed(e.g. 242). Beadingis a common featurebut jewelingnever appears. are the criteriaused by Hausmann to identify an Attic workshop (Hausmann, pp. 26-27, 108-109, note 107), by Laumonierin isolating workshopgroups among bowls found on Delos ("Bols hellenistiques a reliefs,"pp. 256-260; Delos XXXI, passim), and by Siebert in his study of bowls made by Peloponnesianworkshops(Recherchessur les ateliers,pp. 3-8). For an excellent discussion of the problems encountered in isolating workshop groups see Siebert, loc. cit. 63 These

PINE-CONE, IMBRICATE, FLORAL, AND FIGURED BOWLS

27

Althoughthe shopproducedbowlsof the floraland imbricatetypes,idyllicfiguredsceneswereby far the mostpopular.Therearea few examplesof huntingscenesandmythological groupsbutmostcommon are antitheticalgoats, satyrs,centaurs,Tritons,and the like. The shopitselfwasprobablylocatedon the slopesof the Areopagus,in the areaM-N 21 on the gridof the AgoraExcavations(PI.99). Theoverwhelming majorityof the bowlsfromthe KomosCistern(M 21:1) can be attributedto this shop.Thatcisternalso containedsevenmolds,fourof them certainlyproductsof Bion'satelier.Some twentymetersto the northeastlies the cisternN 21:4, whichcontaineda stampfora palmette(412),two clayringsfor stackingbowlsin the kiln(414,415),andtwo moldsfromthis shop(43, 312).In this deposit,too, most of the bowlscan be attributedto the Workshopof Bion. Sincethe fill of these two cisternsis clearlythe dump from a shop, the shop itself was probablynot far off. The datablematerialin thesetwo depositsand the contextsof otherbowlsproducedby the shopindicatethatit flourishedin the lastquarterof the 3rdcenturyandthe firstquarterof the 2ndcentury.Thereis no evidencethatit evermanufactured long-petalbowls,andits productsareless commonin depositsof the secondquarterof the 2nd century,rarein contextsof the secondhalfof the century.The debrisfromM 21:1 andN 21:4 suggeststhatthe shopwasdestroyedat the end of the firstquarterof the 2nd centuryand did not functionafter that time. PIECES ATTRIBUTED TO THE WORKSHOPOF BION BOWLS

Imbricate:20-22, 25 Floral:61, 68, 72 Floral with figures:91 Figured, Idyllic: 96, 99-106, 120, 124, 125, 128-130, 132-136, 139, 152-155, 163, 167, 168, 170-174, 177, 178 Mythological: 190, 191, 205, 206, 210, 212, 214, 228 Hunting: 238, 240, 242-246, 260, 263, 267 Unclassified:289 MOLDS

Imbricate:40, 42, 43 Floral:84 Figured,Idyllic:275 Unclassified:295 Fragments:296, 297, 312, 313

PIECES POSSIBLYTO BE ATTRIBUTED TO THE WORKSHOP OF BION BOWLS

Pine-cone scales: 7 Imbricate:19, 24, 27 Floral:57, 59, 67 Floral with figures:88, 90 Figured,Idyllic:121, 138, 140, 150, 169 Hunting:241, 254, 255, 261 MOLDS

Imbricate:41 Floral:81, 82 Figured,Mythological:279 Fragments:299, 309

Hausmann's Workshop(P1. 98) In a footnote to his book on Hellenistic relief bowls, Ulrich Hausmannpublished a list of Attic bowls produced by a single workshop.64They are characterizedby a gorgoneionmedallion and a distinctiverim

patternof doublespiralscrownedby largepalmettes,overa well-formed,simplifiedguilloche.Two bowls fromthe Agora,one depictinga marineidyll(181),the otheran Amazonomachy (233),maybe associated withthis shopon the basisof rimpatternsandotherstamps.The upperpartof the rimpatternof 233and the wholerim patternof 181are identicalto thoseon Hausmann'sbowls.The Tritonessand calyxof 181 and the mountedAmazon of 233 also appearon bowls of Hausmann'sWorkshop.65 64 65

Hausmann, pp. 26-27, 108-109, note 107, pis. 2-9. Ibid., pis. 2:1, 4.

28

THE AGORA MATERIAL

Six morefragmentsfromthe Agoramaybe associatedwiththisgroup.Theacanthusleafin the calyxof 233appearson an imbricatebowl(32)andon anotherfiguredbowl(192).Therimpatternof 32, alternating hasthe rosettesandbulls'heads,appearsalso on the figuredbowl117.A fragmentfromthe Kerameikos66 characteristic acanthusleavesof Hausmann'sshop.The guillocheof its rimappearsto be the sameas that on threemore bowlsfromthe Agora,20, 24 (bothimbricate),and 67 (floral).The rim of 20 has rosettes be associatedwiththe similarto thoseon 32 and117.Thereforethesefragmentsmayalso,moretentatively, shop.All threeof thesebowls(20,24, 67) areprobablyfromthe Workshopof Bion;it is thereforepossible that the bowls associatedwith Hausmann'sWorkshopare productsof the Workshopof Bion. obviousin of thisgroupof bowlsis theirexcellentquality.Thisis particularly The salientcharacteristic comefrom the figuredscenes,whicharecarefullycomposedof well-stamped figures.Mostof thefragmrnents contextsof the early2nd centuryand thereforeprobablydate around200. WORKSHOP TOHAUSMANN'S ATTRIBUTED BOWLS Imbricate:32 Figured,Idyllic:117,181 192,233 Mythological:

TOHAUSMANN'S TOBE ATTRIBUTED BOWLSPOSSIBLY

WORKSHOP

Imbricate: 20, 24 Floral:67

WorkshopA (P1. 98)

Thirty-nine bowls,10 molds,a moldmadeamphora,anda moldmadekraterin the Cataloguehavebeen associatedwith an atelierwhich,since none of its productswere signed,has been designatedsimplyas The bowlsof WorkshopA areof WorkshopA. Another19 bowlsand2 moldsareless certainlyattributed. the tend be than those of of to Workshop Bion and showmoreimaginaslightlylarger high quality.They tion in composition.

Thereis a varietyof rosettemedallions:six-petaled(e.g. 86), eight-petaled (e.g. 248),ten-petaled(e.g. (e.g. 31, 87, 108).A Parthenosor gorgoneionappearsoccasionally 287),and doublefour-or eight-petaled (e.g. 218).Beadingaroundthe medallionis extremelyrare.The plantsof the calyxare oftennaturalistic; sometimestherearegrapevines(e.g. 159)or largeacanthusleaves(e.g. 87, 122).Imbricatepalmettes(e.g. 108),fronds(e.g. 160),lotuspetals(e.g. 248),or smallferns(e.g. 203)also occur.The rimpatternsarefine andintricate.A trueguilloche(e.g.247)or a delicateegganddart(e.g.216)is commonlythe lowestmotif, withpairsof doublespiralsabove.Abovethis,antithetical pairsof dolphinsflankingpalmettesarea favorite motif. Rosettes,fleurs-de-lis,and palm flowersare also common(e.g. 62, 252). Jewelingappearsoften; beadingis never used. WorkshopA producedimbricate,floral,and figuredbowls,and a bowlperhapsof the long-petaltype (see p. 36) canbe attributedto thisshopon the basisof its medallion(344).Thefiguredbowlsarethe most numerous;among these mythologicaland huntingscenes predominate. A indicatea floruitin thelate3rdcenturyandthefirstquarterof The contextsof the bowlsof Workshop with the activityof the Workshopof Bion. the 2nd century,exactlycontemporary A TOWORKSHOP PIECESATTRIBUTED BOWLS

Mythological: 189, 193, 194, 198, 199, 203,

Imbricate:18, 26, 30, 31 Floral:62

204, 215-217, 225, 226 247-253 Hunting:

Floral with figures: 87

Unclassified: 290

Figured,Idyllic:97, 108, 122, 151, 158-160,164, 175, 184, 185 66 Schwabacher,pl. 7:16.

287 Fragment: Long-petal?:344

PINE-CONE, IMBRICATE, FLORAL, AND FIGURED BOWLS PIECES ATTRIBUTED TO WORKSHOP A

(cont.)

29

PIECES POSSIBLYTO BE ATTRIBUTED TO WORKSHOPA

OTHERMOLDMADEPOTTERY

BOWLS

Figured, Idyllic:407, 408

Floral:55, 58, 63, 74 Figured,Idyllic: 114, 118, 123, 147, 161, 165, 166, 182 Mythological:187, 188,209, 218,223, 224, 231 Fragment:294

MOLDS

Floral:78, 86 Figured,Idyllic:276, 298 Mythological:281 Unclassified:314, 316, 317 Fragments:300, 315

MOLDS Imbricate:44 Figured?:310

M Monogram Class (P1. 94)

Thissmallandmonotonousgroupof bowlshas been calledthe MMonogramClassbecauseone mold associatedwiththe grouphas a mu (or sigma)inscribedon the bottom(301).The bowlsalmostinvariably showpairsof emaciatedrampantgoatswithErotesandgoatmasksin the field(109-113).Themedallionis usuallya doublesix-petaledrosette,althougha ten-petaledrosetteseeminglyidenticalwith thatused by A occursonce(111).Thecalyxconsistsof twoor threerowsof crudelyexecuted,imbricatesmall Workshop ferns.The uppermostmotifof the rim usuallyconsistsof flowersspringingfromtendrils;belowthis is a coarseegganddartor a convexband.Theten-petaledrosette,goatmasks,andErotesareindistinguishable fromthoseof WorkshopA; the bowlsof the MMonogramClass,althoughof inferiorquality,maytherefore be productsof WorkshopA. The contextsindicatethatthesebowlsare somewhatlaterthanbowlssecurelyattributedto Workshop A. Theydo not occurin significantnumbersor in securelydatedcontextsbeforethe secondquarterof the commonin F 5:1, G 5:3, andL 19:2,wheretheyoccurwithstamped 2nd century.67 Theyareparticularly handles as late as 150. In two of these depositsthey are not associatedwith long-petal amphora dating probablybeginsearlierthanthatof the long-petalbowls,sometimeduring bowls,andso theirmanufacture the course of the second quarterof the 2nd century. PIECES IN THEM MONOGRAM CLASS GROUPED BOWLS

MOLD

Imbricate:28? Figured,Idyllic: 109-113, 126

Fragment:301

67

The table below summarizesthe occurrenceof bowls of the M MonogramClass in Hellenisticdeposits in the Agora.The type is very distinctive,confined to a short period of time, but common enough to be datable.Fragmentsfrom the context potteryand inventoriedbowls which have been omitted from the Catalogueare included in the table. Deposits are listed in chronologicalorder. Numberof Fragments Date of Deposit Deposit 1 fragment third - early fourth quarter of 3rd century A 18:1 1 fragment? last quarter of 3rd century - first quarter of Q 8-9 2nd century (disturbed) 1 fragment H-K 12-14 to ca. 180 (disturbed) first and early second quarter of 2nd century? G 6:2 (Group C) fragments of 4 bowls 1 bowl first half of 2nd century? D 17:5 lower fill 3 fragments first half of 2nd century H 6:9 upper fill first half of 2nd century fragments of 5 bowls F 5:1 second quarter of 2nd century fragments of 2 bowls Q-R 10-11:1 1 bowl and 6 fragments second quarter of 2nd century G 5:3 7 or 8 fragments to ca. 145 P-R 6-12 first - early third quarter of 2nd century? fragments of 1 bowl E 15:4 1 fragment? to ca. 140 M-N 15:1 1 fragment second half of 2nd century H 12:1 1 bowl 4th - 2nd century G 14:2 middle fill 1 fragment late 2nd - early 1st century C 10:1 Sullan destruction debris 0 17:5 fragments of 1 bowl

30

THE AGORA MATERIAL

Class 1 (P1. 94)

A collectionof eightbowls and one mold may be associatedon the basisof a commonstampfor a smallbirdflyingto the right(visiblein the centerof the photograph of 145,PI.27). Bowls143-145arevery similar;all threehavea smallgorgoneionmedallion,and143and145havecalycesof coarsesmallferns.On all threethe wallsaredecoratedwithpairsof antithetical Nikaior Erotes.Therimpatternsarelarge,on 143 and 145consistingof doublespiralsovera simplifiedguilloche.The bowlshavethickwallsandthe figures are small and in high relief. The bowls 127, 157, and 200 and the mold 46 are linkedby rim patterns:a largeegg and dartor a doublespiral.Theymay be connectedwithClass1 on the basisof the birdstampwhichappearson 157. Antitheticalsatyrsappearon 127,animalsrunningrighton 157,andmythological figureson 200.Themold 46 is imbricate.Anotherbowl(156)can be addedto the groupbecauseit has the samefigureof Eroson a goat that appearson 157.A bowl with a Parthenosmedallion(208) combinesantitheticalNikai with a Dionysiactrio.It, too, uses the smallbirdstampfoundon the otherbowls(visibleat the left in the photograph,P1.41). The stampsof thesebowlsaresimilarbutprobablynotidenticalto thoseusedby theWorkshopof Bion. Theyseemconsciouslyto copythe stampsof the largerworkshop.PerhapsClass1 representsan attemptto re-establishthe Workshopof Bion afterits destructionin the firstquarterof the 2nd century(see p. 27). Mostof thesebowlscomefromcontextsof the secondquarterof the 2nd centuryor slightlylater;theydo not seem to have been produced before ca 175. Examples of this class also appearin Thompson'sGroup D.68 PIECES GROUPED IN CLASS 1 BOWLS

MOLD

Figured,Idyllic:127,143-145,156,157 200,208 Mythological:

46 Imbricate:

Class 2 (P1. 94)

Thesefourbowlssharea distinctivecalyx,in whichlarge,stylized,jeweledpalmfronds,withrosettes betweenthe tops,springfromone or morerowsof smallferns.Therimpatternof 73 is a largedoublespiral and thatof 73bisis a largeovolo.The spiralis slightlysmallerthanthaton bowlsof Class1 (cf. 157).The medallionis a small,worngorgoneion(73).The calyxcoversmostof the wall,but116hasantithetical goats at the top copiedfromthe Workshopof Bion,and92 has otherfloralmotifsandfiguresof Erotesbetween the fronds.Thesebowlshavea rathersquareprofile.Twomorebowlsof this classwerediscoveredin the Dipylonwell B-1;69bothare figured,witha stampof a wingedman similarbut probablynot identicalto thaton 136,a productof the Workshopof Bion.Althoughsomewhatfinerin detailthanbowlsof Class1, bowls of Class 2 also have thick, heavy walls. The examplesin the Agoracollectioncome fromcontextsrangingin datefromthe secondquarterof the 2nd centuryto the firsthalfof the 1st century.The two bowlsfromthe Kerameikos, however,come This suggests fromlevels of the well containingdatablematerialof the firstquarterof the 2nd century.70 with those of the Workshopof Bion and that at least some of the bowls of Class 2 are contemporary be to have continued to A. producedon intothe secondquarterof the 2nd Workshop Theyseem,however, centuryand perhapsbeyond. 68 P 589 and P 4079: Thompson D 34 and D 37.

69Braun, nos. 150 and 174. 70 Ibid., pp. 149-156, AbschnittenVII and VIII of the upper use fill. See Appendix p. 111 for dates of AbschnittenVII and VIII.

PINE-CONE,IMBRICATE,FLORAL,AND FIGUREDBOWLS

31

BOWLS GROUPED IN CLASS 2

Floral:73, 73bis Floralwith Figures:92 Figured,Idyllic:116 Class 3 (P1. 94)

Fourbowls,only two of whichare includedin the Catalogue,sharethe same twelve-petaled rosette, smallbut heavyimbricatecalyx,andfrontalNike. On threeof themthe uppermotifof the rimconsistsof flowersspringingfromtendrils,as in the M MonogramClass.The wallsare thickand the stampssmall. Idyllicand mythologicalgroupsare represented.The frontalNike, thoughblurred,seems to have been made by the same stampas thatused for the productionof bowlstentativelyattributedto WorkshopA (e.g.187).Threeof thesebowlscamefromSullancontexts,butone fragmentwasfoundin the construction fill of SouthStoaII, whichdatesslightlyafterthe middleof the 2nd century.Theyprobablybeganto be producedslightlybefore 150 and may representthe later outputof WorkshopA. BOWLS GROUPEDIN CLASS3 Figured,Idyllic:146 Mythological:207 LOCATION OF SHOPS

Withthe exceptionof the Workshopof Bion,whichwasprobablyon the northslopeof the Areopagus, the locationsof the shops cannotbe pinpointed.Manymolds of all typeswere foundin the industrial districtsouthwestof the Agorasquare.Few tracesof the Hellenisticperiodsurvivein thisareabutthereis We may concludethat some evidenceforvarioustypesof factories,amongthem a terracotta workshop.7' one or more potterieswere also locatedthere.Thatmoldmadebowls were manufactured elsewherein Athensis indicatedby moldsfoundin excavationson SyntagmaSquare,nearlya kilometerto the eastof the Agora.72 TYPES OF ITEMS MANUFACTURED

A single shop would have manufacturedseveral differentproducts.The fact that a number of vases of other shapes, such as kraters,amphoras,410)gutti, gutti, and jugs (406408, 410), sometimes have molded sections

whichweremadein bowlmoldsindicatesthatthe same shopsweremakingbothwheelmadeandmoldmadepottery.Thepainteddecorationwhichoccurson thesepartiallymoldmadevesselsandevenoccasionally on the rim of a moldmadebowl (294) is the same as that on wholly wheelmadevessels. The same shops probablymanufactured lampsas well. Simplemoldmadelampsbeganto be made somewhatearlierthanmoldmadebowlsin Athens,butmoreelaboratetypesarecontemporaneous withthe bowls.73On one lampthereis a maskof an old man identicalwiththosewhichappearon the bowls.74If lampsand bowlsweremadein the same shops,it is surprisingthatthey do not sharemore stampsthan similar.In a few instanceslampsand they do. In most cases,however,the designsare only superficially bowlshavethe same signatures.Apollonides,Ariston,and Hephaistionareattestedas lampmakers;the 71 Young,

"An IndustrialDistrict of Ancient Athens," pp. 248-249, 267-269. Andreiomenou, (>, p. 80, pl. 84. 73 Agora IV, p. 5; KerameikosXI, p. 64. The earliest moldmade lamps are types 42 A and B, which begin shortly before the middle of the 3rd century (Agora IV, pp. 129-131; KerameikosXI, pp. 64-66, 191). The more elaborate varieties begin with importedlamps (AgoraIV, type 45 A, pp. 143-145) which are now thought to appeararound260 (KerameikosX1, pp. 97-98, 192). The earliestAthenian copies of these are approximatelycontemporarywith the floruitof the Athenian moldmade bowls (AgoraIV, types 45 B and C, pp. 145-147; Scheibler, KerameikosXI, p. 192, dates these from the mid-3rd century to 170). 74Agora IV, no. 607; cf. 99, 101-103. 72

THE AGORA MATERIAL

32

samenamesappearon bowlsbutmaybe signaturesof differentmen of the samename.75Thebowlssigned by Apollonidesand Aristonappearto be imports,and the potterHephaistionprobablyworkedhalf a centuryearlierthan the homonymouslamp maker. The fact that a largenumberof terracottafigurinesand molds for such figurineswere foundin the Komos Cistern (M 21:1)76 together with moldmade bowls and molds suggests that coroplastsand potters

workedin the same shop. a varietyof It seems,therefore,thattherewasa smallnumberof fairlylargeshops,eachmanufacturing productsfromclay.Probablyno shopcouldaffordto dependon only one productfora livelihood,andso made as many differentproductsas it convenientlycould. CHRONOLOGY

The datingof moldmadebowlsof all typesis beset by specialproblemsoccasionedby the mechanical samepatternscouldbe Becausetheyweremadein molds, weremanufactured. the thame they processby whichthey reproducedwith considerableaccuracyfor an unknownlength of time. Changesoccurredvery slowly; the identicalwithto thoseof thefirstquarter bowlsfromdepositsof the lastquarterof the 3rdcenturyseemto be of the 2nd century.Onlyin the secondquarterof the 2nd centurydoes thereseem to be anychange.The long-petalbowls,whichbeginin the middleof the 2nd century,exhibitno developmentthroughoutthe Thisslowrateof changeitselfsuggeststhata moldcouldbe periodduringwhichtheyweremanufactured. usedforquitea longtime,but it is impossibleto guessexactlyhowlong.Evenif we coulddeducefromthe wearon a givenmoldthe numberof bowlsproducedin it, thisfigurewouldstillnottell us howmanyyears frommold to mold. It was not the mold was in use; the lengthof time must have variedsignificantly a within short spaceof time(see Introducpossibleto producea largenumberof bowlsfroma singlemold andthereforea moldwouldnot soon becomeworn.Therearestrikingly tion:Techniqueof Manufacture), few mold brothers(bowlsmade in the same mold) amongAthenianbowls.The ideal set of Hellenistic wasnot one in whichall the pieceswereidentical,butratherone in tableware,likeits Classicalforerunner, whicheachpiece was slightlydifferentThis explainsin partthe minorvariationsamongbowlsfromthe Agora,mostof whichcomefromdomesticratherthanindustrialcontexts.If customersdidnot wantmore thanone bowlof a singlepattern,therewasno needforanythinglike massproductionin our senseof the but ratherforthe sakeof the reliefdecoword.Themoldtechniquewasusednot forspeedof manufacture ration.Mostpotterycontinuedto be wheelmade,andthereis evidenceof only one experimentwithplain moldmadepottery(405).If manycopies of one patternwere not appealingto the consumer,individual whenever moldswouldnot havereceivedheavyuse. Eachwouldhavebeen put into servicesporadically, the supplyof bowlsof thatpatternhadbeen depleted.In thiswaya moldcouldwellhaveremainedusable for a generationor more. Relativelyfew moldshavebeen foundandmostarefairlyfresh.Wearon themis, however,abundantly illustratedby the bowls,whichwereoftenmadein old molds.Indicationsof moldwearrangefroma slight blurringof the rim motifsto almostcompleteobliterationof all figures.Most of this wearwas due to The bowl repeateduse of the mold, but some may be tracedto wornstampsused in mold manufacture. use itself,once made,wasprobablyused formanyyearsbeforeit was brokenor discarded.This is sometimesevidencedby heavywearon the restingsurface;in factit is quiteusualforall the glazeto be wornoff the medallionon the bottomof the bowl.In addition,the wornsurfacesandedgesof the ridgesurrounding fragmentsshow that a brokenbowl mightlie in a dumpfor a long time beforebeing throwninto the cistern,well,or fill whereexcavatorswouldfindit. Thus,whenone findsa wornfragmentof a bowlmade Ibid., pp. 162-163, 176, 179; KerameikosXI, pp. 162-168. Cf. 83 (Hephaistion), 410 (Ariston), 403 (Apollonides); see pp. 40, 41. 7"D. B. Thompson, "Hellenistic Terracottas,III," pp. 276-291. 75

PINE-CONE,IMBRICATE,FLORAL,AND FIGUREDBOWLS

33

Howlongdidthe fragmentlie in a dumpor elsewhere in a wornmold,thevariablefactorsareconsiderable. beforereachingits finalrestingplace?Howlongwasthe bowlusedbeforeit wasbroken?Howlongwasthe moldused to producethatdegreeof wear?Evenif one knewthe exactdateof deposit,it wouldbe impossible to calculatethe date at which the bowl or the mold that producedit was made. Despitethese difficulties,a few factsemergefroma studyof the materialfromthe Agora.Imbricate, floral,andfiguredbowlswereproducedin greatnumbersat Athensfromthe lastquarterof the 3rdcentury untilthe middleof the 2nd century.Bowlsof the highestqualityweremadeduringthe firsttwo thirdsof this period.Productsof the second quarterof the 2nd centuryare less carefullymade. Thereare five well-datedcontextswhichareoutstandingforthe numberand qualityof the bowlsthey contain.Therewereabout40 bowlsin F 17:4,whichcontainedamphorahandlesof the last quarterof the on the reverse(Kleiner 3rdcenturyanda bronzeNew StyleAtheniancoinwithZeushurlinga thunderbolt Zeus",is importantfor the chronologyof the 2). This figure,knownto numismatistsas the "fulminating 2nd century(see p. 95). The earliestcoins of this type were struckbetween200 and 180. The second deposit,M 18:10,containedfragmentsof 50 bowlsand one mold and was datedby stampedamphora handlesof ca 190 and 189 B.C. Therewereabout70 bowlsin a thirddeposit,P 21:4, whichcontainedan reverse(Kleiner2b). exampleof the secondissue in the seriesof bronzecoinswiththe fulminating-Zeus This datesP 21:4 slightlyearlierthanthe constructionfill of the MiddleStoa,whichcontainedthe third issue of the series(Kleiner2c) alongwithamphorahandlesof ca 183 or 182 B.C.Therewerefragmentsof 183 bowlsin the fourthdeposit,M 21:1, whichalso containedcoins of the firsttwo decadesof the 2nd reverse(Kleiner2, uncertainissue) and perhapsa century,includingbronzeswith the fulminating-Zeus A of coin of the cicada/amphora type(Kleiner9). group Histiaiancoinsdatingto 170-160wasfoundnear the top of the cisternand may havebeen buriedlater.The latestamphorahandlein the depositdatesto cac 186. The last deposit,N 20:7, containedfragmentsof 49 bowls and is datedby stampedamphora handlesto the period 189-175. Mostof the bowlsin these depositsareproductsof carefullymademolds.Muchattentionwaspaidto detail,and the compositionswerewell thoughtout. Most of them are productsof WorkshopA and the Workshopof Bion,andmostweremadein freshmolds.Thisseemssufficientevidencethatthe manufactureof floral,imbricate,and figuredbowlsof highqualityfallsmostlywithinthe periodbetween225 and 175. Theredoes not seem to be much developmentwithinthis period.Floralbowlsmay havebeen more popularat the beginningthan they were later.Bowls from the Workshopof Bion become much less commontowardsthe end of the period.Thisis illustratednicelyin Dipylonwell B-1, whereabouthalfof the bowlsfoundin the lowestlayersof the upperuse fill wereproducedby Bion'sshop.77Its products, however,do not appearin the upperlayersor the dumpfill.Debrisfromthe Workshopof Bion,including moldsand stackingrings,was foundin two cisterns(M 21:1 andN 21:4, see p. 27) whichwerefilledat some time after186. It is possiblethatBion's establishmentneverrecoveredfromwhatevercatastrophe befell it and that all productsof the shop date beforethat time. Thereseems to have been a declinein qualityin the secondquarterof the 2nd century.Bowlswere moreoftenmadein wornmoldsandthe compositionsareunimaginative. By thistimemanyof the stamps usedwerecopiestakenfromearlierbowlsby mechanicalmeans(see Introduction: Techniqueof Manufacin smaller and smaller when it this resulted shrinks motifs,withattendant dries, process ture).Becauseclay loss of detail.To compensate,the potterpressedthe stampsintothe moldmorefirmly,producingmotifsin higherreliefon the bowl.By designor necessity,tastesturnedfromdelicacyto the dramaticeffectof light and shadow.The wallsof the bowlsbecamethicker,possiblyto give a firmerbasisfor the higherrelief. Bowlsof Classes1-3 andthe MMonogramClassarerepresentative productsof thisperiod.Thisdeclinein 77

Braun, nos. 129, 131-133, 140, from AbschnittenV and VI. See Apppendix, p. 111.

THE AGORA MATERIAL

34

qualitymay explainthe enthusiasticreceptiongiventhe long-petalbowls,whichaccountforoverhalfthe bowlsfoundin contextsof the secondhalfof the century.Few imbricate,floral,and figuredbowlswere manufacturedafter ca 140 B.C.

LONG-PETALBOWLS (321-358;Pls. 58-64, 87) Aroundthe middleof the 2nd centurya new typeof bowlwithsimpleschematicdecorationwasintroduced.Thewallsof thesebowlsarecoveredwithlong,roundedpetalswithno centralribs,eitherset close togetheror separatedby linesof jeweling,sometimeswitha palmette(e.g.353),lotusbud(e.g.340),or leaf bowlshas or "long-petal" (e.g. 336) at the top. Courbycalledthese "bolsa godrons",but "long-petaled" become the generallyacceptedEnglishterminology.78 ORIGINS

Likethe firstmoldmadebowlsof the 3rdcentury,long-petalbowlsdidnot developfromearlierceramics but originatedas imitationsof metal bowls. The long-petalmotif had existed in metalworkfor centuries. Silver bowls of this type have been found in a Twentieth Dynasty cache atTod, in Egypt.79The motif is common on Achaemenid metal and glass bowls and phialai80and was alreadywidespreadin the Eastern Mediterraneanand the Near East by the 4th century.In Greece it had appearedin the metalworkof the Archaic and Classical periods81and in the ribbed ceramics of the 4th century B.C.82

A numberof Hellenisticmetalvasesof the typethatmusthaveinspiredlong-petalbowlsarepreserved. The closestparallelto the ceramicbowlsis a silverbowlfromSusain Iran,whichwasfoundin a contextof It has a plainmedallion(cf. 328,350)andlong, concavepetalswhoserounded the late 2nd centuryB.C.83 tipsbendforwardslightly.Suchpetalsoccuron someof the betterceramicimitations(e.g.327).Theyoccur also on two silver bowls which combine long petals with grapevinesand lotus petals.84On some earlier silver examples85the petals do not bend forwardbut their surfacesare concave, as on a number of Athe-

nian long-petalbowls (e.g. 330).Like the ceramicimitations,the metal bowlshave simplerim patterns 78

Courby, pp. 329-334; CorinthVII, iii, p. 176; Thompson, p. 456. F. 7) Bisson de la Roque, G. Contenau,and F. Chapouthier,Le tresordeTod, Cairo 1953,pls. 12, 18-38; C. R Williams,"News Items from Egypt: The Season of 1935 to 1936 in Egypt,"AJA 40, 1936, pp. 551, 553, fig. 5. 80 Rabinowitz,op. cit. (footnote 12, p. 7 above),pl. 3 (5th-centurysilver bowl from Tel el-Maskhutain Egypt);Oliver,"Persian Export Glass,"p. 15, figs. 13-16, and Vickers,"An Achaemenid Glass Bowl in a Dated Context,"p. 15, figs. 1, 2 (glass bowls of the 5th century,the latterfrom a well-datedtomb in Cyrenaica);SwedishCyprusExpeditionIII, no. 292 c, pp. 238, 278, 288-290, pls. 90, 92 (silver bowl from palace at Vouni, buried before the palace was destroyedca. 380); Segall, p. 9, fig. 2 (bronze bowl from Persia); CambridgeAncient History,pl. vol. III, pp. 70-71, b (4th- or 3rd-centurysilver bowl from Thrace). 81 M. Comstock and C. Vermeule, Greek,Etruscan,and RomanBronzesin the Museumof Fine Arts,Boston,Greenwich,Conn. 1971, nos. 423, 436, 437, 441; Strong,GreekandRomanGoldandSilverPlate,pls. 17:b, 19:b,20:a;26:a;K A. Neugebauer,"Reifarchaische Bronzevasen mit Zungenmuster,"Mitteilungendes Deutschen ArchdologischenInstituts, Romische Abteilung 38/39, 1923/24, pp. 341-440. 82 Agora XII, nos. 201, 203, 204, 213, 214, 216, 217, 230 (mugs of ca. 460-420 B.C.); nos. 673, 674, 679, 704, 711 (4th-century kantharoi). 83 Byvanck-Quarlesvan Ufford, "Un bol d'argent hellenistique en Suede," p. 122, fig. 2. 84 Ibid., pp. 120-121, fig. 1, dated by Byvanck-Quarlesvan Ufford about the early 1st century B.C.; R Zahn, "Ein goldener Becher in der Ermitagezu Leningrad,"JdI 82, 1967, p. 3, figs. 1, 2, a nearlyidenticalbowl from a treasurefromNihawendin Persia. The latter is thought by Zahn to be a Greek productof the first thirdof the 3rd century(op. cit., p. 12). M. Rostovtzefffelt it was a Syrianor Bactrianproduct of the late 3rd or early 2nd century (The Social and EconomicHistoryof the HellenisticWorld,Oxford 1941, pp. 534, 540). H. Kulthmanndates it to 175-130 ("Beitragezur hellenistisch-romischenToreutik,"p. 108).Whatevertheir date, the two bowls must be contemporary. 85 Segall,p. 9, fig. 2; Rabinowitz,op. cit. (footnote 12, p. 7 above), pl. 3; FiveYearsof CollectingEgyptianArt,1951-1956, no. 50, pp. 43-44, p1. 72.

LONG PETALBOWLS

35

consistingof a ridgeor cable.Thejewelingthatoften occursbetweenthe petalson ceramicbowlsmay In addition,the shapesof the ceramicbowls,shallow,bulging,or imitatethe holes of metal strainers.86 metal prototypes(see p. 15). the their reflect of shapes hemispherical, CHRONOLOGY

Largenumbersof ceramiclong-petalbowlshavebeenunearthedat Corinth,whichwasdestroyedin 146 by the RomangeneralMummiusand wasnot officiallyresettleduntil44 B.C.87The destructionof the city does not, however, provide a reliable terminus ante quem for the manufacture of long-petal bowls,

for a growingbody of evidenceindicatesthat a considerablesettlementof squattersoccupiedCorinth duringits centuryof supposeddereliction.Recent excavationshave broughtto light stampedamphora and moldmadebowlsof the "Delian"typedatingto the late2ndor early1stcentury.88 handles Mostof the long-petal bowls from the site were thrown into the South Stoa wells as part of clean-up operations conducted when the city was re-establishedin 44, and they could well have come from dumps left by the squatters.Fragmentsof long-petalbowls were found in the constructionfill of a building thought to have been destroyedby Mummius,89but it is possible that the building, which was carelesslyconstructed,was built by the squatters after 146. afters

It has been suggestedthatlong-petalbowlswerealreadybeingmanufactured in Athensin the second quarterof the 2nd century(see Appendix, p. 112). It is true that bowls of this type have been found in asso-

ciationwithstampedamphorahandlesof thatdate(see E 15:4,E 6:1-2 [lowerfill],0 17:7,PiraeusCistern) A few smallfragbut, of these contexts,only E 15:4 can be saidwith confidenceto be uncontaminated. ments of long-petal bowls have been found in even earlier contexts, but those contexts too are either disturbedor poorly dated.90On the other hand, there are severalwell-dateddeposits of the second quarter of the centurywhich do not containlong-petalbowls (F 5:1, G 5:3, Q 10-11:1). Most important,long-petal

fill of the Stoaof Attalos(P-Q 6-12), whichwasclosed bowlswerenot foundin the extensiveconstruction at about the same time as the destructionof Corinth, while severalfragments came to light in the fill of

SouthStoaII, whichwaslaid downabout140 (M-N 15:1).This seemsto me to indicatethatthe typeis in Athensuntila few yearsafterthe middleof the 2nd century,and unlikelyto havebeen manufactured thisis the dateI haveusedthroughoutthisvolume.In the lightof the somewhatambiguousevidencecited and the possibilitythatit shouldbe pushed above,however,that datemust be consideredapproximate, backby somefifteenyearsor so shouldbe left open.Onlythe discoveryof moredepositswell fixedin the second quarterof the 2nd centurycan ultimatelysolve the dilemma. 86

For an early Roman example see M. H. P. den Boesterd, The Bronze Vesselsin the RijksmuseumG. M. Kam at Nijmegan, Nijmegan 1956, no. 52, p. 19, pl. 13. 87 CorinthVII, iii, p. 176; Thompson,pp. 457-458; Pnyx p. 91; 0. Broneer,"Investigationsat Corinth,1946-1947,"Hesperia16, 1947, p. 240, pl. 60:17 (long-petal bowl from a well in the South Stoa at Corinth). 88 C. K Williams, II, "Corinth 1977, Forum Southwest,"Hesperia47, 1978, pp. 21-23, nos. 20, 21, 23-25. 89 C. K Williams, II, "Corinth 1976: Forum Southwest,"Hesperia 46, 1977, pp. 57-58, 70, nos. 15, 16. 90 The following contexts dating earlier than 150 contained long-petal bowls: Building fills: 1 fragment (325), possibly intrusive from building fill of Stoa of Attalos (P-R 6-12) Q 8-9 H-K 12-14 5 fragments from disturbed areas of fill at west end of building Other contexts: 1 small fragment from same mold or same bowl as that from Q 8-9 (325) P 21:4 E 14:1 many fragments, but this context is clearly disturbed B 20:2 possibly 1 fragment 1 bowl, fragments of 8 more, with amphora handles of second quarter of 2nd century and earlier, E 15:4 other late figured bowls and fusiform unguentaria 0 17:7 fragmentsof 4 bowls with amphorahandles of second quarterof 2nd century;apparentlyan accumulativefill See also the note on the Piraeus Cistern in the Appendix.

36

THE AGORA MATERIAL

may havebeen the inventionof Athenian Long-petalbowls,like theirfloraland figuredpredecessors, but this cannotbe assertedwith any confidenceuntil the chronological problemhas been repotters,91 solved.At any rate,they soon becamepopularin Athensand accountfor overhalf the bowlsin Agora in Sullan depositsof the secondhalfof the 2ndcenturyandlater.Theyarealmostthe onlytyperepresented destructiondebrisof 86. There is no discernibledevelopmentwithin the type. END OF MANUFACTURE

The manufacture of moldmadebowlsin Athensprobablydidnot continuelongafterthe sackof the city by the RomangeneralSullain 86. Theyoccurin largenumbersin Sullandebrisdiscardedin 86 or slightly laterbutarenot usuallyfoundin earlyRomandeposits.Thereare,however,a fewfragmentsof footedlongpetalbowlscoveredwith greenlead glazeand foundin earlyRomancontexts(409).92This techniqueof Perhapssomemoldswerepreservedand glazingwasdevelopedin the Augustanperiodor slightlyearlier.93 sporadicuse wasmadeof them.Athenianmoldmadebowlsdo not normallyoccurtogetherwithArretine potteryat the Agora;productionmustthereforehavestoppedcompletelyby the endof the 1stcenturyB.C. IN THEAGORA BOWLS LONG-PETAL

Fragmentsof about225 long-petalbowlshavebeen foundin datedcontextsin the Agora.The petals weredrawnby handin the mold;in morecarefullymadeexamplestheirsurfacesweremodeledso as to be concaveon the bowl(323,327,330,344),althoughmoreusuallythe petalsare entirelylinearandhaveflat surfaces.On some examplesthe petalshavea convexsurface(325,337,340).In rarecasesthe petalsswirl aroundthe bowl (345).94 On one carelesslymade bowl the petals have degeneratedinto ribs (346). One unusualvariant,representedby fragmrnents amountingto one thirdof a bowl,is decoratedwithtall, overlappinglotus petals,alternatelyroundedand pointed(344).It closelyresemblesa long-petalbowl, rosette,is also foundon figuredbowlsproducedby WorkshopA althoughthe medallion,an eight-petaled in the late3rdandearly2nd centuries.The decorativeschemeis not farremovedfromthe talloverlapping inconclupetalsandserratedleavesof 54.Thecontextof 344is, unfortunately, petalsof 23 or the alternating potteryin a settlingbasinin frontof the sive,sinceit wasfoundtogetherwitha smalldepositof nondescript about 140 (I 14:2).Althoughit has been classed Heliaia,a depositwhichmay haveremainedopen until with imbricate here with long-petalbowls,344 may in factbe more closelyrelatedto and contemporary bowls. Overhalf the examplesin the Agoracollectionhave a rosettemedallion(e.g. 330);on manyothers, however,the medallionis decoratedwitha star(e.g. 322,329).At one time,Edwardsconcludedthatthe starmedallionwasnot introduceduntilabout100.95Bowlswith starmedallionshavesincebeen foundin contextsof the secondhalfof the 2nd century(e.g. 321,322,329).The staris morecommon,however,on bowls of the 1st centurythan on those of the 2nd century. The medallionis sometimesleft plain(e.g. 350);on one examplea rosettewasstampedonto the bowl afterit had been removedfromthe mold (346).Theremay be a simplerim pattern,usuallyan ovolo, simplifiedguilloche,or ivyleaves(e.g. 321-326,337,353),butusuallythishasbeenreplacedby one to three horizontalridges,wheel run in the mold.

91CorinthVII, iii, p. 117; LabraundaII, i, p. 21; Thompson,p. 459; Baur,"MegarianBowls in Yale University,"p. 236, under no. 199. 92 See also Agora V, G 45. 93 TarsusI, pp. 191-196. 94 P 597 and P 3388: Thompson D 41 and E 85. 95Cited in Weinberg, "Hellenistic Glass Vessels," p. 388.

OTHER TYPES OF MOLDMADE BOWLS

37

the periodof manufacture of longPlainbowlsareabouttwiceas numerousasjeweledones throughout There evidence bowls. is no to indicate that later the than petal jewelingbeginsappreciably plaindecoration; both types are currentin the third quarterof the 2nd century. WORKSHOPOF APOLLODOROS

Since most of the decorationof the long-petalbowlsis very simpleand handdrawn,it is difficultto distinguishbetweenthe productsof differentshops.However,the practiceof signingbowlsbecamemore with popularin the secondhalfof the 2ndcenturyandwe can,by combiningthe evidenceof the signatures the less reliableindicationsof stamps,build up a groupof bowls belongingto one shop. Fourbowls,threeof which(335,338, 339)are includedin the Catalogue,are signedby Apollodoros, whosenamealsooccursat Delos.96One (338)hasa doublesix-petaledrosetteand,betweenthe longpetals of the wall,carefullines of jewelingtoppedby lotusbuds;thereis a dot in the centerof eachtinycircleof the jeweling.One or more of these motifs,apparentlymade by the same stamps,occuron threemore bowls,whichmaythereforebe assignedto the shopof Apollodorosalthoughtheyare not signed.Twoof these are jeweled long-petalbowls (340, 341) and one is imbricate(35). Thuswe canassociatefragmentsof sevenbowlswiththe Workshopof Apollodoros.Fromourevidence it seems that long-petalbowls were the most commonoutputof the shop and thatjeweledbowlswere preferredto plain ones. The rims are almost alwayssimple horizontalridges. Twoof the bowlscomefromSullandestruction debris,one froma lateHellenisticdeposit,andone from a dumpof Sullandebristhatwasnot depositeduntilaround50. It seemsthenthatApollodoroswasactive in the early1st centuryB.C. It is interestingthatthese are amongthe finestof the long-petalbowls,with regularlyspaced,oftenwell shapedpetals.This indicatesthat qualitydid not necessarilydeclinewith the passageof time. BOWLS ATTRIBUTED TO THEWORKSHOP OF APOLLODOROS 35 Imbricate: Long-petal: 335,338-341 OTHERTYPESOF MOLDMADEBOWLS TheAgoracollectionpreservesexamplesof fourothersystemsof decorationon moldmadebowls,all of themlinearin nature.Theyarethe lotus-corolla bowls,decoratedwitha simplifiedcalyx;concentric-semicirclebowls,embellishedwithconcentriccirclesandsemicircles;net-pattern bowlscoveredwithpolygonal networks;and daisy bowls, decoratedwith interlockingdaisiesor stars. LOTUS-COROLLA BOWLS (359-363; Pls. 64, 65, 96)

corollaof Fragmentsof six bowls(fourin the Catalogue)and one mold decoratedwitha hand-drawn lotus petals have been found in the Agora.Edwardslabeled similarbowls from Corinth"linear-leaf this name,however,does not seem appropriate, sincethe motifsconcernedarealmostcertainly bowls";97 petalsratherthanleaves.Sincethe decorationresemblesa lotusflowerin bloom,heretheyarecalledlotuscorollabowls. The decorativeschemeof the wallsconsistsof a row of large,stylized,overlappinglotus petalswith stronglyaccentuated,sometimesjeweled or hatched,centralribs, forminga simple corolla.The area 96

Courby, p. 331. The fourth bowl is Agora P 20002. 97See CorinthVII, iii, pp. 184-185, nos. 933-937.

38

THE AGORA MATERIAL

betweenthe tips of the petalsmaybe filledwithimbricateleavesor petals(360,362,363),a featurewhich does not appearon the much simpler,Corinthianlinear-leafbowls.The only medallionpreservedis a rosette(361).The bowlswere often signedbut no completesignaturesare preserved.We have only the letters ]NO[ (359), ]C[ (362), and ]PAT[. . . ]Y[ (360). For discussion of these signaturessee pp. 40, 41.

in Athens,98 andthe clayandglazeof The mold363provesthatbowlsof thisdesignweremanufactured our examplesdo not falloutsidethe Atticrange.Forthesereasons359-363havebeen includedwithAttic bowlsin the Catalogue.Fragmentswithsimilardecoration,however,occurat Delos,99wheretheybearthe signatureof the potterAriston.Thissignature,whichcouldbe restored,thoughwithlittleassurance,on 359 and362,alsoappearson a moldedguttusfromthe Agora(410),whichis decoratedwitha combinationof lotuspetals,semicircles,andimbrication. Althoughthe guttusseemsfromits fabricto be an import,there wasan AthenianpotternamedAriston;his signatureis foundon lampsof the late2nd andearly1stcentulinearbowlsfoundin the Agora.Corinthian Thisdateagreeswiththe contextsof the lotus-corolla ries.100 before146,andEdwardsnotesa fragmentof an Atticbowl leaf bowls,however,werebeingmanufactured of lotus-corolla Manufacture of this designfoundin Corinthand thus also perhapsdatingbefore146.101 bowlsmay thereforehave begunas earlyas 150 in Athensand continuedinto the early1st centuryB.C. BOWLS CONCENTRIC-SEMICIRCLE (400-402, 410, Pls. 68,

69, 89)

or "Macedonian" Threeimportedbowlsand a guttus(possiblyimported)of the concentric-semicircle type havebeen includedin the Catalogue.The decorationconsistsof concentricsemicircles,sometimes witha whirligigin the center.Thecirclesmaybe outlined(401)or surrounded by knobs(400)or imbricate leaves(402,410).Thisclassof decorationis closelyrelatedto the lotus-corolla typeand on two examples semicirclesand lotus petals appeartogether(402, 410). Variousoriginshavebeenpositedforthisdecorativescheme.Zahnfirstderivedit frompaintedgarlands thatoccurcommonlyon West Slope ware,whileThompsonsuggestedthatit was inspiredby ProtogeoIt metricpots fromgravesdisturbedduringthe courseof Hellenisticbuildingoperationsin the Agora.'02 was long ago noticed, however,that the design resemblesthat of the traditionalMacedonianshield, P. Callaghan althoughthereis no reasonto believethatthe bowlsthemselvesoriginatedin Macedonia.103 has arguedconvincinglythatthey were in factintroducedby Corinthianpotters,taklngtheirinspiration fromMacedonianshieldscapturedby Achaianforcesin a successfulcampaignagainstAndriskosin 150.104 hintsofferedby excavation.ConcentricA dateslightlyafter150 wouldagreewiththe few chronological andin the buildingfillof the Stoaof Attalosat Athens(401),andmust semicirclebowlsoccurat Corinth105 in E 14:1. thereforehavebeen in use before146.The fragment400 is probablypartof a late disturbance The factthatit was possiblefora new typeto be introduced,exported,and copiedelsewherein the short periodbetween150 and the destructionof Corinthin 146 showshow quicklynew ideasand stylescould spreadthroughthe Hellenisticworld.The type probablycontinuedin use in Athensuntil the early1st century,for whole examplesare foundin contextsof the late 2nd and early1st centuries(410;P 3382: ThompsonE 78). 98See also a mold found duringthe excavationof an ancient industrialareaat 4 Otho Street in Athens (Andreiomenou,<<'066q "00oevoq 4?>,p. 80, pl. 84). 99Courby,pl. 9:e, f. A number of bowls of this type found in the Kerameikoswere published by Schwabacheras bowls of the Workshop of Ariston (Schwabacher,p. 222, pl. 9:1-8). 100 Agora IV, nos. 686, 688, 689, 850, 851; Thompson, E 106; KerameikosXI, pp. 163-165. 101 CorinthVII, iii, pp. 184-185. 102 Zahn, "Tongeschirr,"pp. 406407, nos. 34, 35, and "HellenistischeReliefgefasse,"p. 67, no. 24; Thompson, pp. 442-444. 103 Zahn, "MakedonischerSchild, makedonischerBecher," pp. 49-51; LabraundaII, i, p. 22. 104 P. J. Callaghan,"MacedonianShields, 'Shield Bowls' and Corinth: A Fixed Point in Hellenistic Ceramic Chronology?" Athens Annals of Archaeology11, 1978, pp. 53-60. 105 CorinthVII, iii, pp. 182-184.

OTHER TYPES OF MOLDMADE POTTERY

39

The fourexamplesin the Catalogueseem fromtheirshapesandfabricsto be imports;theydiffersufficientlyfrom one anotherto suggestthat they were importedfrom differentplaces. NET-PATTERN BOWLS (403, 404; Pls. 69, 89, 97)

The Agoracollectioncontainsonly a few examplesof this unusualformof decoration,wherebythe bowl is coveredwith a networkof lines formingpolygons(403).Possiblyit was inventedin imitationof tortoiseshell.Thisdecorativesystemoccursat othersitesas well.106Althoughthe contextof 403is late(first if thistypeoccurredearlyin the historyof the moldquarterof the 1stcentury),it wouldnot be surprising madebowl,sinceblack-glazed bowlsdecoratedwithan incisedpolygonalnetworkhavebeen hemispherical discoveredin 3rd-century contextsin the Agora.107Edwardsdatesthe net-pattern bowlsof Corinthas early as 160 and believesthey werepopularuntil cac 120 in Athens.108Partsof two similarbowlsof Athenian manufactureappearin Thompson'sGroupD, so they were surelybeing producedby caC140.109 On our examplethe polygonalnetworkof pentagonsand hexagonsis combinedwith pendentsemicirclesandimbrication,suchas arefoundon concentric-semicircle bowls.The soft,verymicaceousfabric seems not to be Attic. Anotherfragmentfroma lst-centurycontext(404)is coveredwitha simplernetworkof lines forming diamonds;it, too, appearsto be imported. DAISYBOWLS (364; P1. 65)

Thesebowls,too, havea net pattern,this time formedby interconnecting starsor flowerswithpointed leaveswhichresembledaisies.A fewfragmentsof suchbowlshavebeenfoundin the Agora,andtwocome The Agorafragment,whichis probablyAttic,comes fromthe Kerameikos, one bearingthe letters]TO[.110 context,but thereis not enoughevidenceto drawanyconclusionsaboutthe date froma Sullandestruction of this type of bowl.

OTHERTYPESOF MOLDMADEPO1TERY (406-410;Pls. 69-71, 89-91, 97) Potterssometimesused bowlmoldsto makemore elaboratepots. A moldmadehemispherewas produced,as fora bowl,but the pot wascompletedwithwheelmadesections(neck,shoulder,lip or foot)and handles.Thesewerecertainlynoveltyitems,foronlyabouttwentyexampleshavebeenfoundin the Agora. Any type of decoration, imbricate, floral, figured, long-petal, or concentric-semicircle,was considered kraters(408), footed bowls amphorases (406), amphoras(407)(408), (406(407), appropriate.The shapes producedincluded small choes

(409),andgutti(410),althoughthe guttusillustratedmaybe an import.In manycasesthesepotswerealso decoratedon the shoulder,neck,or interiorwith elaboratepatternspaintedin the WestSlopetechnique, usingwhitepaintanddiluteclay.Suchpotsweremadefromat leastthe early2ndcenturydownto the midfootedbowl 409 must be one of the latestmoldedbowlsfromthe Agora. 1st century;the green-glazed 106

Labraunda II, i, no. 155, p. 65, pl. 11; CorinthVII, iii, nos. 908-920; TarsusI, no. 180, pp. 224-225, fig. 131; Zahn, "Hellenistische Reliefgefasse,"pp. 64-67, nos. 25, 26. The decorationalso appearson a glass bowl from Gordion (Von Saldem, "Glass Finds at Gordion,"pp. 45-46, fig. 31). 107 P 16222 from lower fill of N 21:4; Thompson, pp. 381-383, under D 38. 108CorinthVII, iii, pp. 179-180. 109P 598 and P 4086: Thompson D 38 and D 51. 110Schwabacher, pl. 9:9, 10.

40

THE AGORA MATERIAL INSCRIPTIONS

SIGNATURES (Pis.

95-97)

Most of the inscriptionsthatappearon moldmadebowls are signaturesof pottersor, perhapsmore of shops.The singlepossibleexceptionis discussedbelow(s.v.AYOZ).Thegenitive correctly,designations on the bowl. of the namewas inscribedin the mold,so thatthe lettersappearin relief,usuallyretrograde, Therewasno standardpracticeforthe orientation of the nameon earlierbowls;on 282and283the nameis upsidedown,on 83 and168it runsfrombottomto top,andon 154it is at an angle.Onlong-petalbowlsthe name is inscribedwithin a single petal and runs from bottom to top. arerareon the earlierAthenianbowls.Therearenoneon pine-coneor imbricatebowls,one Signatures and four on figuredbowls (154, 168 - BiUvoq;282 - KaAAi[.. .]; on a floralmold (83 - 'H(paiorT[ivoq]), 283 - [... .]Tp&)vo[(]).There is also a partly legible signatureon a figured bowl imported from Corinth (382

-

[.ca 4.]KpaTIQ).

Pottersbeganto sign both bowlsand lampsmore regularlyin the secondhalfof the 2nd centurybut Twonames,one of themillegible,appearon long-petal wereby no meanscommon.111 eventhensignatures concentric331 - ?). On bowlsof the lotus-corolla, 339 in the bowls AnoAAo56pou; Agora(335,338, semicircle,andnet-pattern typesthe signatureis oftena prominentfeatureof the decoration(359,360,362, 403,410).The namerunsaroundthe bowl,rightside up, eitherfromleft to right(360,410)or retrograde (403).Thelettersareusuallylargeandeasilylegible.Twovessels,probablybothimports,havemoreor less 410 - Apio[T(rVO;]). Onlypartsof threeothersignatureson completesignatures(403 - AnoAAx)v[i]6ou; bowls of this sort are preserved(359, 360, 362). - Partof the genitiveof the nameAnoAA65o5pog appearson 335and338.It canbe restored AnoAAo56pou with confidencefroma completesignatureon a long-petalbowl froma Hellenisticand Romancontext Thispotter fragment(P 20002)andon a bowlfromDelos.112 (339).It also occurson a smalluncatalogued workedin the late2nd or early1stcenturyin Athens.A numberof unsignedbowlscanbe associatedwith his atelier(see p. 37). - The signatureof the potterAnoAAWvi5ng appearsin the genitiveon 403, a bowl with AnoAAWv[i]6ou it withinthe firstquarterof the 1st century dates the of bowl The context decoration. polygonalnetwork the shapeand stampssuggest B.C. Althoughthe samenameappearson Attic lampsof the 1stcentury,113 that the bowl was imported. - This signature,whichcan be restoredas the genitiveof Apiomav, appearson the molded Apko[Tr)voq] guttus410,whichis probablyimported.The nameis knownin Athensfroma similarvase foundon the It alsooccursin west slopeof the AcropolisandfromAtticlampsof the late2ndandearly1stcenturies.114 the same were these all that Delos and Taranto.115 man, a great examples signedby Courbyconcluded tradein lamps,bowls,terracottafigurines,and theirmolds.Contexts with an international entrepreneur indicatethat the Agora examplewas made in the late 2nd or early 1st century. Bkivoc- Thesignatureof Biwvappearstwiceon idyllicbowlsfroma largeAthenianworkshopwhichfunctionedduringthe last quarterof the 3rdcenturyand the firstquarterof the 2nd century(154,168;see pp. 26-27). II Agora IV, p. 4; KerameikosXI, pp. 149-153. 112 Courby, p. 331. 113

Agora IV, nos. 698, 699, 702, 719, 843-846; KerameikosXI, p. 162. For lamps see AgoraIV, nos. 686, 688, 689, 850, 851; Thompson, E 106; KerameikosXI, pp. 163-165. For the guttus see Watzinger,pp. 69-70, no. 5, where the name is given as AIQNOE;the additionof handle and spout have obscuredthe letters P and ET, and the name should be restored A[p]i[oT]A)vo;. 114

115Courby, pp. 365-366.

INSCRIPTIONS

41

AYOC- Thiscompletefour-letter inscriptionappearsin the petalof a long-petalbowl(321).If the letters as EOYEor EOYZ.If readfromleftto as on other areretrograde, long-petalbowls,theymaybe transcribed as AYOC.None of thesepossibilitiesis eitherthe genitiveor the nominative righttheymaybe interpreted of any knownname.It is possiblethatthe firstthreelettersareto be readas a number(6uo) andthatthe fourthletter is an abbreviationof a measurement.The capacityof the bowl is 704 cc. It - This may be restoredas the genitiveof the commonGreekname 'HqpalorioTv.16 'H(paioT[i)voq] appearson 83, a moldfora floralbowlfromthe MiddleStoabuildingfill.By contextit mustdateno later thanthe seconddecadeof the 2nd century.ThisHephaistionis thereforeprobablynot the samemanwho signed lamps of the second half of the 2nd century.117 . .] - The beginningof a nameis preservedon 282,a figuredfragmentfromthe buildingfill of the KaAAi[. MiddleStoa.Thefragmenthasnot beenconnectedwitha workshopandno potterwhosenamebeginswith these lettersis known.The man must have been active in the late 3rd or early2nd century. [.. .]KpaTIo- Theseletters,whichappearwithina raisedlozengeon a figuredbowlfromCorinth(382),are but not in relief;they may havebeen stampeddirectlyonto the only barelylegible.Theyare retrograde bowl. [. . .]vo[. . .] (359) [. . .]paT[. . .]u[. . .] or [. . .]u[. . .]aT[. . .] (360) [ . ..][. . .] (362)

These three fragmentary signaturesappearon bowls of the lotus-corollatype, with one or two letters in eachpetal.No restoration of the namesis possible,although359and362mightbe productsof appearing Ariston,who made bowlsof this type.Thereis no reasonto believethatthese fragmentsare not Attic. [.. .]TpCvO[g]- A fragmentof a figuredbowl (283) from the buildingfill of the Middle Stoa preservespart

of an otherwiseunknownartist'sname.The only otherfragmentfromthe same shop is P 4024, a small piece fromThompson'sGroupC.118This man, too, was activein the late 3rd and early2nd centuries. ON MOLDS(P1. 95) MONOGRAMS

Monogramssometimesappearon the bottomsof moldsforbowls,justas theyappearon the bottomsof Theseletterswerenot signatures moldsforlampsand on the outsidesof moldsfor terracotta figurines.119 but had some unknownfunctionconnectedwith the processof dryingor firingthe molds.In one case a gameresemblingtic-tac-toeseemsto havebeenplayedon the baseof the mold(299).Thebottomhasbeen Overthisa X, which andan 0 has been incisedin one quadrant. dividedby faintlines intofourquadrants does not respectthe quadrants,has been firmlyinscribed. The preservedmonogramsare on the lowerwallof a mold fora pine-cone-scale A (12): bowl,probablydatingto the late 3rd century. M or E (301):on the bottomof a mold for a figuredbowl,probablyof the secondquarterof the 2nd century.This is the name piece of the M MonogramClass (see p. 29).

116 117

118

Agora IV, pp. 162-163, note 145. Ibid., nos. 638, 862, 863; KerameikosXI, pp. 166-168. Thompson C 44.

119On molds for lamps see Agora IV, no. 633; on molds for figurines see D. Burr [Thompson],"The TerracottaFigurines," Hesperia 2, 1933, pp. 185-186 (T 30, T 53); T 122, T 145.

THE AGORA MATERIAL

42 EN (307): X (299):

on the bottomof a moldfora jeweledbowl,andalso on a moldfromthe Pnyx.120The mold may date in the first half of the 2nd century. on the bottom of a mold for an imbricateor figuredbowl probablymade in the Workshopof Bion and datingno later than the first quarterof the 2nd century.

IMPORTEDBOWLS (365-404,410; Pls. 65-69, 87-89, 97) It is notalwayspossibleto distinguishbetweenimportedbowlsandnativeAthenianproducts.Thereis a temptationto labelas importedanybowlwhosedecorationdeviatesfromthe usualAttictypes.In separating out the imports,three criteriahave been used: shape, fabric,and decoration. the shapeof the rim,is the most usefulindicator,sinceAtticrims(exceptthoseof Shape,particularly pine-conebowls;see p. 16) are straightor evertedand almostneverangularin profile.Bowlsof several othercentersof production,notablythe bowlsfromIonianworkshopsfoundon Delos,haveincurvedrims (365,377,391,392,397,398,402).On otherimportsthe rim,thougheverted,is angular(374).Theabsence of a scrapedgroovebelowthe lip may also be the markof an import(366,379,382,403).Unfortunately, sincewe are dealingwithfragments,oftennot enoughis preservedto givea clearidea of the shapeof the bowl. The fabricis sometimesstrikinglynon-Attic.The pale fabrics(370,371, 382,383, 389,390) cannotbe In some cases Attic;possiblysome of them are Corinthian.Bowlsmade of grayclayare problematical. shapeor decorationconfirmsthattheyareimports(365,372,385,396);butAtticfabricmayturngraywhen misfired(e.g.234),and so some bowlsof this fabricmaybe Attic(369,410).In a few casesthe absenceof micaindicatesthata fragmentis imported,forAtticclayis slightlymicaceous(368,377,390,391,393,395). Often,however,the fabricof an importedpieceis visuallyindistinguishable (by color,textureor inclusions) from Attic clay. Decorationcan sometimesbe a decisivefactor.If a piece has numerousparallelsamongproductsof anothercenter,clearlyit must be imported.Unfortunately, althoughseveralvolumeson moldmadebowls have appearedrecently,largecollectionsremainunpublished,and so comparanda are not easilyfound. Some pieces have been includedamongthe importssimplybecausethey do not findparallelsin Attica (369, 376, 380, 404). Fragmentsof aboutfortyimportedbowls have been foundin the Agora.Bowls seem to have been importedfromthe 3rdcenturyon butimportsaremorecommonafter150.It is interestingto notethatone a fact of thesefragments(375)wasmadein the samemoldas P 3377,a bowlfromThompson'sGroupE,121 which suggeststhat the mold itself may have been importedto Athens. It is impossibleto locatethe originsof most of the imports.The pale clayof 370,371and382 suggests A largenumberof fragmentsfindparallelsat Delos (365,367,377,384,391,392, thattheyareCorinthian. little this is of but 398,401), help since the "Delian"bowlsare believedto havebeen importedto Delos centerson the westcoastof AsiaMinor.122Thegreatamountof tradecarriedon in fromas yetundesignated the Hellenisticperiodmakesit uncertainwhetherthe bowls foundon any site were producedthereor elsewhere,unlessa largenumberof moldsarefoundon the siteas well.Someof the importedfragmentsin andTarsus, the Agorafindparallelsat suchsitesas Antioch,Hama,Samaria,Kyme,Pergamon,Labraunda, Anatolia in or from somewhere andso probablycome Syria (372,373,378,379,381,383,385,388,391,400, 403). 120

Pnyx, no. 93.

E 79. 122 Laumonier, "Bols hellenistiques a reliefs," p. 254; Delos XXXI, pp. 1-3. 121 Thompson

IMPORTED BOWLS

43

moldmade ADDENDUM:G. Siebert'smeticulousstudyof Peloponnesianworkshopsthatmanufactured bowlsappearedwhen this volumewas all but in the handsof the printer,and it has not been possibleto of his workforthe Athenianmaterial.A superficial investigatethe implications however,indiexamination, there is a closerelationship betweensomeAthenianbowlsandproductsof the Argiveworkshop catesthat designatedby the monogram g.123 Althoughone cannotbe surewithoutcarefulexaminationof the bowls themselves,it is possiblethata few of the piecesclassifiedin the presentvolumeas Atticarein factArgive imports. 123

Siebert, Recherchessur les ateliers, pp. 50-63, pls. 22, 23, 76.

CATALOGUE

INTRODUCTION TERMINOLOGYAND CONVENTIONS

In the Catalogueentriesthe bowlsaredescribedfrombottomto top. The elementsof the rimpattern, however,are describedfromtop to bottom,withsemicolonsbetweenthe registers.Sceneson the wallare describedfromleft to rightunlessotherwiseindicated.For the partsof the bowland conventionalnames for floralelementssee pp. 3-4 and Plate 94. The followingabbreviations and notationshavebeen used: H.: height Diam.:diameter p. H., p. Diam.:preservedheight,preserveddiameter est. H., est. Diam.:estimatedheight,estimateddiameter L.: length

max.p. dim.:maximumpreserveddimension ext.: exterior int.:interior restored:missingpartsof bowlrestoredin plaster

are in metersunlessotherwiseindicated. All measurements

Some featuresoccur almost withoutfail on bowls of Attic manufacture.The medallionis most commonlysurrounded by tworidgeswitha scrapedgroovebetweenthem.The elementsof the rimpattern are separatedby slightridges.Thereis a scrapedgrooveimmediatelybelowthe lip. Onlydeviationsfrom theserecurring featuresaredescribed.Onlythe clayof importedpiecesis describedin the entries;the color code refersto MunsellSoil ColorCharts,Baltimore1975.For a descriptionof Attic clay see p. 14. A Munsellreadinghas also been given for the glaze of some importedpieces. Referencesto any previouspublicationof the object are given after the dimensions. DATESANDCONTEXTS

Becausethe bowls were made in molds,and the same mold couldproducemanyvirtuallyidentical bowls over a numberof years,it is not possible,or perhapseven significant,to assignan exactdate of manufacture to anyindividualbowl.The dateswhichappearat the end of eachCatalogueentry,therefore, an of the time spanduringwhichsucha bowlcouldhavebeenmade.Thesedates represent approximation arederivedfromthe contextof the bowlandfromcomparisonwithotherbowlsfromdatablecontexts.The the lower limit is usuallyprovidedby the context. upperlimit is usuallyderivedfrom comparanda; The wearof the bowlor of the moldin whichit wasmadehasnot been takenintoaccountin assigning these dates.Wearis difficultto assessand impossibleto quantify(see pp. 32-33). It is not alwaysclear whetherthe conditionof the bowlis the resultof a wornmold(e.g.187),of wornstamps,of stampsapplied thick coat of glaze (e.g. 88). It is not knownhow long it to the mold too lightly,or of a particularly It is worn. tookfora moldto become obvious,however,thatbowlsmadein wornmoldscannotdateat the beginningof the periodduringwhichbowlsof thattypewereproduced.In caseswherethe degreeof mold

PINE-CONE BOWLS

45

wearappearsto be significant,the note "wornmold"appearsafterthe dates,indicatingthatthisparticular bowlprobablydateslate in the suggestedspan;its mold brother,if madein a freshmold,coulddatenear the beginningof the span. No attempthas been made to assign dates to importedbowls. The provenanceof the bowlis includedin eachCatalogueentry.In most casesthis is a referenceto a closed Hellenisticdeposit;detailsabout the datesand contentsof these depositsmay be foundin the DepositSummaries.Forthosebowlswhichwerenot foundin closeddeposits,provenanceis indicatedby coordinatesof the Agoragrid,precededby the word"Area"and followedby the approximatedateof its context,where known. THE CATALOGUE PINE-CONEBOWLS (1-9)

1 (P 18686) Bowl with satyr-maskfeet PI. 1 H. 0.118; Diam. 0.162. Half restored,includingmedallion and two feet. One molded satyr-mask foot remains. Nearly hemispherical body covered with pine-cone scales. Inturned rim. Lustrous black glaze; miltos. Cf. Schwabacher,pl. 8:1-3. M 21:1 Ca. 225-200 2 (P 28440) Bowl with shell feet P1. 1 H. 0.114; Diam. 0.137. Large fragmentsmissing; restored. Medallion:eight-petaledrosette surroundedby scraped grooveand two ridges.At edge of medallionthree molded shell feet. Body: pine-cone scales. Slightly intumed rim with four grooves, one scraped, the others glazed. Dull black glaze; miltos. The same rosette appearson a floral bowl (P 22195) from a context of the first half of the 2nd century. P 20:2 Ca 225-200 Pls. 1, 92 3 (P 19705) Pine-cone bowl H. 0.084; est. Diam. 0.115. Full profilepreserved;three quartersof bowl restored. Medallion: eight-petaled rosette with rays between petals, surrounded by two ridges. Parabolicallyshaped bowl coveredwith pine-conescales.Two ridgesbelow rim, no scrapedgroove. Lustrous black glaze, peeling. P 10:2 Ca 225-200 PI. 1 4 (P 4879) Pine-cone bowl Max. p. dim. 0.085. Medallion and one fourth of lower body. Medallion: small eight-petaledrosette surroundedby two ridges. Body: pine-cone scales. Dull orange glaze outside, mostly missing; greenish black glaze inside. H 6:4 Ca 225-200

5 (P 20965)Medallion P. H. 0.033;max.p. dim.0.087.

P1.1

Medallion and one third of lower body. Medallion: slave mask surrounded by rays and two ridges. Body: pine-cone scales. Dull grayishbrown glaze, mostly missing.

Q 8-9 Ca 225-200 6 (P 20938) Medallion P1. 1 Max. p. dim. 0.073. Half of medallion and one fourth of lower wall. Medallion: rosette(?) surrounded by two scraped grooveswith slightlyraisedringfoot between them. Wall: pine-cone scales. Metallic black glaze; miltos.

Q 8-9 Ca. 225-200 7 (P 16643) Medallion P1.2 P. H. 0.044; max. p. dim. 0.114. Lower part of bowl. Medallion:double four-petaledrosette surroundedby three ridges, the outermost scraped. Wall: pine-cone scales. Flattened bottom. Lustrousblackglaze. The same medallion occurs on 299, and on a floral bowl (P 22940) from South Stoa II buildingfill (M-N 15:1). Workshopof Bion? Area L 20 (3rd-centurycontext) Ca 225-200 8 (P 17029) Fragmentsof rim P. H. 0.067; est. Diam. 0.205.

Pls. 2, 73

aboutonefourthof diameter Twofragments preserving of bowl. Wall: pine-cone scales. Rim: alternatingrosettes and leaves; double spirals; ovolo between beading. Sharply profiledlip. Dull black glaze; miltos. B 20:2 cistern fill Ca. 225-200 9 (P 20942) Imbricateand pine-cone bowl P. H. 0.045. Fragmentof wall.

Pls. 2, 94

46

CATALOGUE

P1.3 Lowerpartcoveredwithpine-conescales,upperpart 15 (P 18681)Lotuspetals H. 0.083;est. Diam.0.145. withimbricatepalmettes.Lustrousbrownglaze. Mostof rimandupperbodyrestored. Q 8-9 Medallion: Ca 225-200 largeeight-petaledrosettesurroundedby scrapedgroove.Calyx:rowof tinypointedleaves.Wall: rowsof triangular four PINE-CONE MOLDS(10-12) petalswithpalmettesbetweentips leaves of row. Rim: convexband.Dull red glaze of top Pls. 2, 93 10 (P 19541)Pine-conemold petals below,blackaboveandinside.Thesametriangular H. 0.075;Diam.0.075(int.),0.093(ext.). occuron the figuredbowl186fromthe samecontext. Fragmentsmissing. M 21:1 Pine-conescales.No medallionorrimpattern.Possibly Ca 225-175(wornmold) directimpressionfrompinecone.Ringfoot.Rimbeveled to outside. AreaD 19 (Hellenisticcontext) PI.3 16 (P 11433)Lotuspetalsandfronds Ca 225-200 P. H. 0.047;est. Diam.0.14. Fragmentof rim. Pls. 2, 93 11 (P 18690)Rimof mold with Small,roundedlotuspetals,in toprowalternating P. H. 0.062;est. Diam.0.09 (int.),0.10 (ext). fronds.Lustrousblackglaze.Cf. Pnyx,no. 62, possibly Halfof rim. fromthesamemold,andnos.64-66,whichhavethesame Pine-conescales.Slightlyincurvedrim,withgrooveon lotuspetals. interior.Rimbeveledto outside. E 5:2 M 21:1 Ca.225-200 Ca.225-200 Pls. 2, 95 12 (P 20255a-c) Moldfragmentswith monogram P. H. (a) 0.065;(b) 0.06;(c) 0.039. Twofragmentsof rim(a, c), one of lowerbody(b). Wall:pine-conescales.Rim:no pattern,flaton top.On exteriorof fragmentb, a largeincisedA (see p. 41). C 17:5 Ca 225-200 BowLS(13-39) IMBRICATE

Pls. 3, 73 16bis(P 10747)Lotuspetalsandfronds P. H. 0.026;est Diam.0.145. Fragmentof rim. Decorationsameas 16butpetalsaresmaller.Delicately profiledlipwithscrapedgroovebelowrim.Mottledbrown glazeonoutside;oninsideneatbandofbrownglazebelow lip, thinglazelowerdown. AreaQ-X 23-29 (modemcontext) Ca 225-200

17 (P 20970)Lotuspetals P1.3 P. H. 0.058. Fragmentof rim. restored. and of half of Pointedlotus petals.Smoothrim. Dull blackglaze; parts body rim, Bottom, two surrounded Medallionprobablyplain, by ridges. miltos.Forthepetalscf.Pnyx,nos.61 and63.A fragment Wall:threerowsof large,roundedlotuspetalswithfaint (P 17514)withthe samepetalswas foundin depositB floraltendrilsbetweenthose in top row.Plainrim.Red 20:7. pl.8:9; glazeonlowerbody,blackabove.Cf.Schwabacher, Q 8-9 Ca 225-200(wornmold) Pnyx,no. 79, a moldfor sucha bowl. D 17:5lowerfill Ca 225-200(wornmold) P1.3 18 (P 11528)Nymphaealotuspetals P1.3 P. H. 0.09;est. Diam.0.15. 14 (P 19908)Nymphaealotuspetals H. 0.075;Diam.0.125. Medallion,three fourthsof body, and most of rim restored. Fragmentsof rimmissing. Wall:roundedlotuspetals.Rim:dolphinsflankingleaf; Medallion:doublenine-petaledrosettesurrounded by ridge.Wall:six rowsof roundedlotus petals.Rim:two pairsof doublespirals; jeweling;cable;guilloche.Lustrous on black no. 60.A similarbowl(P 17513),but black Cf. Dull below no glaze. Pnyx, glaze lip. groove scraped ridges, A. lowerbody,greenishabove.Cf.Schwabacher, pl.8:4-6,8. withouta rimpattern,comesfromB 20:7.Workshop E 5:2 D 17:4 Ca.225-175 Ca.225-200 13 (P 19884) Nymphaea lotus petals P. H. 0.08; est. Diam. 0.155.

Pls. 3, 94

IMBRICATEBOWLS PI. 4 19 (P 28099) Nymphaea lotus petals and ribbed leaves H. 0.083; Diam. 0.143. Small parts restored. Medallion: small eight-petaledrosette within beading, surroundedby alternatinglozenges and ribbedleaves, all within deep groove. Calyx: two rows of small ferns. Wall: alternating rows of rounded lotus petals and rounded ribbed leaves. Rim: alternating swans and dolphins; running spiral; band of crosshatching and chevron borderedby beading and cable. Dull black glaze; miltos. Workshopof Bion? F 17:4 Ca 225-175 Pls. 4, 98 20 (P 18679) Heart-shapedleaves H. 0.088; Diam. 0.144. Most of medallion, half of rim, and a third of wall restored. Medallion: Athena Parthenos surrounded by three ridges.Calyx:one rowof pointedlotus petalsand two rows of ferns. Wall: three rows of large heart-shapedleaves springingfrom spirals.Rim: alternatingrosettes and boukrania;simplifiedguilloche.Brownishblackglaze;miltos. Workshopof Bion. Hausmann'sWorkshop? M 21:1 Ca 200 Pls. 4, 73, 94 21 (P 18682) Ferns H. 0.087; est. Diam. 0.145. Most of rim and medallion restored. Medallion: eight small ferns arrangedin star pattern, surrounded by ridge and beading with scraped groove between them. Wall:five rows of overlappingferns. Rim: pairs of double spirals crowned by leaves; beading; pendent small ferns. Slightlymetallic black glaze; miltos. Workshopof Bion. M 21:1 Ca 225-175 P1.4 22 (P 28528) Triangularleaves H. 0.075; Diam. 0.124. Fragmentsmissing; restored. Medallion: eight-petaled rosette with hatched petals, surroundedby scrapedridgeand beading.Wall:triangular leaves with interior hatching, struck in opposing pairs. Rim: pairs of double spiralscrowned by leaves; hatched ovolo bordered by beading above, ridge below. Metallic gray-blackglaze. The mold whichproduced22 is 40; it and anotherbowl (P 18683;Hesperia 17, 1948,p. 160,pl. 42:1) from the same mold come from M 21:1. Workshopof Bion. P 21:4 Ca 225-175

47

P1.5 23 (P 28200) Lotus petals P. H. 0.055. Fragmentof lower wall. Medallion: indistinct. Calyx: tiny, pointed ribbed leaves. Wall:one rowof tall,thin lotus petals.Brownglaze; miltos. F 17:4 Ca 225-200 24 (P 11527) Small ferns PI. 4 H. 0.069; est. Diam. 0.115. Three fourths of body restored;full profile preserved. Medallion: gorgoneion surroundedby beading. Wall: imbricatesmallferns.Rim:pairsof doublespiralscrowned by palmettes; simplified guilloche. Dull black glaze; miltos.The same medallionoccursona fragmentof a floral bowl (P 21044) from Middle Stoa building fill (H-K 12-14), on 214, and on clay discs which were used forjewelry (Agora X, C 24). For the guilloche cf. Schwabacher, pl. 7:16. Workshopof Bion? Hausmann'sWorkshop? E 5:2 Ca 200 25 (P 18680) Small ferns Pls. 5, 94 P. H. 0.073; est. Diam. 0.14. Rim and parts of wall restored. Medallion: indistinct, surrounded by two ridges, scrapedgroove, and ridge. Wall: 11 overlappingrows of small ferns. Rim: pairs of double spirals crowned by palmettes; simplified guilloche bordered by beading. Metallic black glaze. For rim cf. 43. Workshopof Bion. M 21:1 Ca 225-175 Pls. 5, 73, 94, 98 26 (P 24090) Small ferns H. 0.09; Diam. 0.155. Half of rim and fragmentsof wall missing. Medallion:double rosette with four petals inside, eight outside.Wall:14 rows of smallferns.Rim: dolphinsflanking palmettes;pairsof double spirals,set off frombody by scrapedgroove.Lustrousblackglazeabove,reddishbrown below; miltos. A bowl (P 26151) from the same mold was found in M 18:10. WorkshopA. Area H 14 (context of first half of 2nd century) Ca 225-175 P1.5 27 (P 13314) Small ferns H. 0.047; est. Diam. 0.08. Five sixths restored. Medallion: rosette with overlapping petals(?), surrounded by scraped ridge. Wall: overlapping small ferns,smallrosettesbetween tips in top row.Plain,slightly offset rim with no scrapedgroove. Workshopof Bion? H 12:1 Ca 225-175

48

CATALOGUE

PI. 5 28 (P 7112) Small ferns P. H. 0.082; Diam. 0.156. Medallion, much of lower body, and one third of rim restored. Wall: overlapping rows of small ferns. Rim: flowers springingfrom tendrils; double spirals;scraped groove; egg and dart. Dull black glaze; miltos. A fragment (P 19768) with a similar imbricatepattern comes from the building fill of the Stoa of Attalos (P-R 6-12). M MonogramClass? Area C 7 (context unknown) Ca 175-150 P1.5 29 (P 20513) Small ferns P. H. 0.078; est. Diam. 0.15. Over half restored. Wall:overlappingrows of small ferns. Rim: three horizontal ridges with concave band between the two lower ones. Lustrousblackglaze, mostly gone. Very pale brown clay. Possibly imported. N 19:1 upper fill 2nd century?

P1.6 33 (P 22952) Small ferns P. H. 0.083; est. Diam. 0.15. Fragmentof rim and upper body. Wall:irregularrows of smallferns.Rim: pairsof double spiralscrowned by leaves; simplifiedguilloche. Lustrous black glaze; miltos. M-N 15:1 Ca. 200-150 34 (P 19655) Lotus petals Pls. 6, 73 P. H. 0.075; est. Diam. 0.13. Fragmentsof rim and upper body. Wall:irregularoverlappingrows of small,pointed lotus petals. Rim: horizontal ridges; egg and dart. Dull, brownishgray glaze. F 19:3 Ca. 200-86

P1.6 35 (P 28373) Lotus petals P. H. 0.072. Rim and part of upper wall missing; wall partially restored. Medallion: double six-petaled rosette surroundedby Pls. 5, 94 two ridges.Wall:nine rows of small,roundedlotus petals. 30 (P 11432) Palmettes Rim: two horizontalridges with verticalstrokesbetween P. H. 0.075; est. Diam. 0.12. them. Lustrous red glaze. For medallion cf. 340, 341. Four fifths restored,includingbottom. Calyx:three rows of overlappingsmall ferns preserved. Workshopof Apollodoros. Area N 6 (context of late 1st century B.C. to early 1st Wall: three rows of palmettes, with row of ferns at top. Rim: alternating rosettes and leaves; pairs of double century after Christ) Ca. 100-86 spirals.Dull reddishglaze below, blackabove. Workshop A. 36 (P 28300) Fronds P1.6 E 5:2 H. 0.06; est. Diam. 0.105. Ca 225-175 (worn mold) One third of bowl; full profile preserved. Medallion: indistinct, surroundedby scraped groove Pls. 6, 94 31 (P 13687) Fronds and ridge.Wall:rows of loosely spaced fronds.Plain rim. H. 0.082; Diam. 0.142. reddishbrownglaze, lustrousbrownishblackinside; Dull wall restored. Most of rim and part of Medallion:doublefour-petaledrosette.Wall:eightrows miltos. Cf. 39. Area Q 19 (Hellenistic and early Roman context) of overlappingfronds,with fleurs-de-lisbetween tipsin top Ca 225-200? (worn mold) row. Rim: alternating rosettes and leaves(?); pairs of double spirals;egg and dart.Dull red glaze below, brownP1.6 37 (P 22979) Acanthus leaves ish black above; miltos? WorkshopA. P. H. 0.078; est. Diam. 0.14. G 5:3 One eighth of rim and upper body. Ca 225-175 Wall: rows of acanthus leaves, not quite overlapping. Pls. 6, 94, 98 Plain rim. Dull brownishblack glaze. 32 (P 19940) Acanthus leaves H-K 12-14 (disturbedportion of fill) P. H. 0.051. Ca 225-200 rim wall and of pattern. Fragment Wall: small acanthus leaves, barely overlapping.Rim: P1.7 alternatingrosettesand bulls'heads.Lustrousblackglaze. 38 (P 26255) Scales P. H. 0.038. Same rim patternas 117, P 11435 from E 5:2, and P 9399 froman early2nd-centurycontext. For acanthussee calyx Fragmentof wall. of 192 and Schwabacher,pl. 7:16. Hausmann'sWorkshop. Overlappinground scales. Metallic black glaze. M 18:10 D 17:5 lower fill Ca. 225-175 Ca 200

IMBRICATEMOLDS P1.7 39 (P 20952) Shells P. H. 0.052. Fragmentof rim and upper wall. Wall: three rows of cockle shells with a row of flowers above. Plainrim.Dull reddishbrownglaze.A fragment(P 20371) produced by the same mold was found in a late Roman context, and a similarfragment(not inventoried) was foundin F 17:4.Foran importedpiece withshell decoration see 370. Q 8-9 Ca 225-200 MOLDS(40-48) IMBRICATE 40 (P 18688) Triangularleaves PI. 7 H. 0.088; Diam. 0.13 (int.), 0.142 (ext.). Hesperia 17, 1948, p. 160, pl. 42:1; AgoraXIV, p. 187, pl. 94:e. Half preserved. Shape: flat raised base, rounded lip. Mold for 22 (P 21:4) and for P 18683 (M 21:1). Workshopof Bion. M 21:1 Ca 225-175

49

44 (P 3157) Small fems Pls. 7, 93 H. 0.089; est. Diam. 0.15 (int.), 0.165 (ext.). Noted: Thompson, p. 451 and fig. 119. Full profile, with about one eighth of mold preserved. Shape: ring foot. Slightly flaring and thickened rim, concave on top. Three grooves at mid-heighton exterior. Medallion:gorgoneionwith porcineface, bulging eyes, large simian nose, and flying hair; surrounded by two grooves.Wall: 11 overlappingrows of ferns. Rim: egg and dart.The same leaves appearon 26 and on P 26151 fromM 18:10. WorkshopA? Area E 14-15 (context unknown) Ca. 225-175 45 (P 16999) Small ferns PI. 8 P. H. 0.077; est. Diam. 0.15 (int.), 0.17 (ext.). Small section of rim and upper wall. Shape:slightlyflaringrim,flaton top. Groovebelow rim on exterior. Wall: overlapping rows of small ferns. Rim: flowers springing from tendrils; double spirals; simplified guilloche. Flowersand tendrilsof rim similarto those on productsof M MonogramClass. A-B 19-20:1 Ca. 175-150

41 (P 17016) Lotus petals P1.7 46 (P 22153) Rounded ribbed leaves Max. p. dim. 0.098. Pls. 8, 93 P. H. 0.055; est. Diam. 0.145 (int.), 0.15 (ext.). Fragmentof rim and upper body. Shape: rounded lip. Fragmentof rim and upper wall. Shape: rim beveled and slightly flanged on exterior. Calyx: three rows of ferns.Wall:two rows of triangular Wall: top of one row of rounded ribbed leaves. Rim: petals springingfrom beaded calyces,heartsbetween tips of top row. Rim: pairs of double spirals crowned by inverted egg and dart over large double spirals.Cf. 127, palmettes;simplifiedguilloche.Cf. 90 and 309. Workshop 157, 200. Class 1. of Bion? Area 0 12 (late Byzantine context) Ca. 175-150 Area A-B 21 (context of 3rd and 2nd centuries) Ca 225-175 47 (P 18689) Ferns PI. 8 42 (P 20271) Lotus petal and fern H. 0.088; Diam. 0.13 (int.), 0.14 (ext.). PI. 7 Wall and rim fragmentsmissing. P. H. 0.034. wall rim of and lower Shape: raised base, flat underneath.Flaringrim. Thin pattern. Fragment upper Wall:pointedlotus petal and fern,with rosettebetween. walls. Plain medallion surrounded by groove. Wall: widely Rim: ovolo. Possibly produced a bowl from the Pnyx spaced ferns, with groove below uppermostrow of ferns. (Pnyx, no. 75). Workshopof Bion. Rim: deep holes for coarse beading;cf. 48. Possiblya trial M 21:1 Ca 225-175 piece or an apprentice'sfirst effort. M 21:1 Ca. 200-175 43 (P 15068) Small ferns PI. 7 P. H. 0.077; est. Diam. 0.13 (int.), 0.15 (ext.). 48 (P 26152) Palmettes Pls. 8, 93 One third of rim and one fourth of upper body. H. 0.08; Diam. 0.115 (int.), 0.125 (ext.). Shape: slightly flaringrim with rounded top. Half preserved,with full profile. Wall: overlappingrows of small ferns. Rim: pairs of double spiralscrownedby palmettes;simplifiedguilloche Shape:raisedbase with beveled edge, flaringrim. Thin borderedby beading. For rim cf. 25. Workshopof Bion. walls. Plain medallion surroundedby crescents and groove. N 21:4 middle fill Wall:rowsof widelyspacedpalmettes;at top a rowof oval Ca. 225-175

50

CATALOGUE

P1.9 motifs.Carelesslymade.Rim:holes for coarsebeading; 52 (P 20267) Nymphaea caeruleapetals, floral tendrils serrated leaves, broadgroove.Forbeadingcf.47.Possiblya trialpieceoran H. 0.056;est. Diam.0.084. firsteffort. apprentice's One fourthof bowl;fullprofilepreserved. M 18:10 Medallion:eight-petaled rosette.Wall:alternating Ca 200-175 tall, leaves,withfloraltendrils pointedlotuspetalsandserrated betweenthem. Rim:runningspiral;guilloche.Metallic black glaze; miltos. Same deposit produced greenish BOWLS FLORAL (49-77) anotherbowl(P 18676)fromsamemold. M 21:1 Pls. 8, 73 49 (P 5813)Nymphaeacaeruleapetals, Ca 225-175 serratedleaves,floraltendrils H. 0.067;Diam.0.124. 53 (P 4577)Lotuspetals,serratedleaves, P1.9 Partlyrestored. tendrils rosette surrounded Medallion: by scraped eight-petaled Max.p. dim.0.088. small,roundedribbed grooveandridge.Calyx:alternating Partof medallionand lowerwall. leavesandferns.Wall:tall,pointedlotuspetalswithtops Medallion: frontalheadflankedby Erotes,surrounded bendingalternatelyto rightand left alternatewith tall and rosettes scrapedgroove.Calyx:tiny,roundedlotus serratedleaves. Between them are tendrils bearing by Wall: panels of imbricate,roundedlotus petals flowers:rosettes,star,lily, and lotus.Rim:beading;egg petals. alternate with floral tendrilsflankingserratedleaves. and dart;dolphinsleapingleft over runningspiralwith Panels divided by talllotuspetal.Lustrousblackglaze. dots beneath;guillocheborderedby cablesand scraped AreaG 13 (Hellenisticcontext) grooves.Lustrousblackglaze.A bowl(P 16221)fromthe Ca 225-175 of samemoldcomesfromN 21:4,lowerfill,anda fragment anotherbowl(P 11436)fromthesamemoldcomesfromE PI.9 5:2; a similarfragmentcomesfromthe Pnyx(Pnyx,no. 54 (P 16676)Lotuspetals,serratedleaves P. H. 0.04. 74).A glassbowlfromSyriahasa similarschemeof decoHalfof medallionandpartof wall,nearlyto rim. Le tresorde Tarente,pls. 11, 12). ration(Wuilleumier, smallrosettesurrounded Medallion: by rowof pointed E 14:1 then all withinscraped by leaves, large running spiral, Ca 225-200 Wall: lotus and serrated leaves. petals groove. alternating brownish black A similar bowl glaze. (P 21038)was PI.8 Shiny 50 (P 27436)Rimfragment:flowersand in the fill found of the Middle Stoa building (H-K 12-14). serratedleaf Forthe medallioncf. Pnyx,nos. 63, 64. P. H. 0.05. L 19:2shaftfill Fragmentof rim. Ca 225-175 Wall:topof tallserratedleafwithflowerson eitherside. Rim:indistincttraces;beading;egg anddart;alternating 55 Pls. 9, 74, 94 (P 28527) Nymphaea caerulea lilies and palmettesfrom which growsa tendril,upon petals,floraltendrils whicha birdperches;pairsof doublespirals;guilloche H. 0.09;Diam.0.164. borderedbycablesandscrapedgrooves.Tanglaze;miltos. Smallfragmentsmissing;restored. Cf. 49. Medallion:six-petaledrosettewithpalmettesbetween H-K 12-14 byscrapedgroove.Calyx:singlerowof petals,surrounded Ca 225-200 smallferns.Wall:tall,pointedlotuspetalsalternatewith tendrilsbearingrosettes,palmettes,fleurs-de-lis,palm Pls. 9, 74 51 (P 19096) Nymphaea caeruleapetals, flowers,stars.Rim: runningspiral;guilloche.Metallic serratedleaves,floraltendrils blackglaze;miltos.E 5:2 producedfragmentsof three P. H. 0.09;est. Diam.0.15. bowls(P 11428,P 11532,P 11532bis)fromthe samemold. Threefourthsof body,includingbottom,restored. Cf. Schwabacher, pl. 8:14, 15.WorkshopA? Calyx:smallbluntleaves.Wall:tall,pointedlotuspetals P 21:4 alternatewiththinserratedleaves,whosetipsbendover. Ca 225-175 Betweenthem tendrilsbearingrosettesand lilies.Rim: PI. 9 runningspiralover guilloche.Dull blackglaze;miltos. 56 (P 28615) Nymphaea caeruleapetals, not as delitendrils 49 50 but to and floral Verypalebrownclay.Similar H. 0.104;Diam.0.17. cate. Threefourthsof rim and one fourthof upperbody N 20:6 restored. Ca 225-175(wornmold)

FLORALBOWLS Medallion: eight(?)-petaled rosette surrounded by scraped groove. Calyx: alternating palmettes and ivy leaves. Wall: tall, pointed lotus petals alternatewith tendrils bearing palmettes, fleurs-de-lis,and other flowers. Birds in field and seated on tendrils.Rim: Lesbian leaves and palmettes; guilloche. Lustrous black glaze; miltos. P21:4 Ca 225-175 57 (P 28590) Nymphaea lotus petals, ribbed PI. 10 leaves, floral tendrils H. 0.098; Diam. 0.15. Half of rim and parts of wall restored. Medallion: Athena Parthenos surrounded by ridge, smallpointedleaves, scrapedridge,and cable.Calyx:a few small ferns. Wall:alternatingtall lotus petals and shorter, rounded ribbed leaves, with tendrils bearing lotus buds between them. Slave masks in field above. Rim: inverted ovolo outlined by beading;simplifiedguilloche bordered by beading. Brownishblack glaze. Workshopof Bion? P 21:4 Ca 225-175 58 (P 18674) Nymphaea lotus petals, floral P1. 10 tendrils H. 0.073; est. Diam. 0.12. Half of rim and parts of body restored. Medallion:eight-petaledrosette. Calyx: small rounded leaves. Wall: tall, rounded lotus petals bending slightly forward at top, alternating with tendrils bearing palm flowers,rosettes,lotus buds,pods, and otherblooms. Rim: running spiral; beading; egg and dart. Brownish black glaze.A nearlyidenticalfragment(P 20932) comes fromQ 8-9. For lotus petal bending forwardsee 62 and 78. Cf. Schwabacher,pl. 8:12, 13. WorkshopA? M 21:1 Ca 225-175 59 (P 28543) Nymphaea lotus petals, date P1. 10 stems, floral tendrils H. 0.088; Diam. 0.165. Hesperia 42, 1973, p. 154, pl. 33:a. Large parts restored. Medallion:eight-petaledrosettesurroundedbyjeweled diamonds,all within scrapedgroove between ridges,then band of alternatingswans and palmettes surroundedby ridge.Calyx:one row of small ferns.Wall:tall lotus petals alternatingwith spikyplants,possiblythe stems of the date palm.Between them aretendrilsbearingrosettesand lotus buds. Rim: alternating swans and palmettes; pairs of double spirals;simplifiedguilloche borderedby beading. Lustrousblackglaze; miltos. Cf. P 4099: ThompsonC 16. Workshopof Bion? P 21:4 Ca 225-175

51

60 (P 20332) Lotus petal, date stems, floral PI. 10 tendril P. H. 0.063. Fragmentof wall. Calyx:tracesof tips of smallferns.Wall:tendrilbetween two spiky stems. Lotus petal at left. Rosettes in field. Dull black glaze, metallic greenish black inside. Q 8-9 Ca 225-175 61 (P 28616) Nymphaea lotus petals, Pls. 10, 74 grapevines P. H. 0.081; p. Diam. 0.135. Rim and one fourth of upper body missing. Medallion: Athena Parthenos surrounded by three ridges, the middle one scraped. Calyx: one row of tiny pointedleaves.Wall:talllotuspetalswithveins at top alternate with grapevines.Rim:pairsof double spiralscrowned by palmettes; simplified guilloche borderedby beading. Metallic grayishblack glaze; miltos. Workshopof Bion. P 21:4 Ca 225-175 62 (P 18673) Nymphaea lotus Pls. 10, 92, 94, 98 petals, grapevines H. 0.095; Diam. 0.126. Fragmentsmissing; restored. Medallion: eight-petaled rosette. Calyx: one row of smallferns.Wall:fourgroupsof three tall lotus petals, the central one bending slightly forward,the flanking ones bending towardscenter. These alternatewith grapevines. Rim:alternatingrosettesandpalm flowers;pairsof double spirals; simplified guilloche. Lustrous red glaze below, black above. Note slightlyinturnedrim and ovoid shape. Forlotus petals bendingforwardsee 58 and 78. Cf. 83 with the same composition.For rim cf. 78. WorkshopA. M 21:1 Ca 225-175 63 (P 21034) Lotus petals, grapevines PI. 11 Est. H. 0.145; est. Diam. 0.25. Non-joiningfragmentsof one thirdof upper body and two thirds of lower body; restored. Medallion: six-petaled rosette surrounded by trefoil leaves and ribbedleaves.Wall:fouralternatinglotus petals and grapevines.Rosettes, swans,flyingbirdsin field. Rim: alternatingpalmettesand rosettes;pairsof double spirals; alternating swans and rosettes; convex band between scrapedgrooves.Metallicblackglaze,brownon medallion; miltos. Fragmentsof similarbut smaller bowl (P 23299) come from buildingfill of South Stoa II (M-N 15:1). The largesize suggeststhat this may have been a mixing bowl. Same medallion as 118 and 231. WorkshopA? H-K 12-14 Ca 225-175

52

CATALOGUE

PI. 11 beading.Dullblackglazeoutside,browninside.Workshop 64 (P 14328)Lotuspetals,grapevines of Bion. H. 0.088;Diam.0.159. F 17:4 Halfof rimandupperbodyrestored. Ca 225-175 Medallion:gorgoneionsurrounded by scrapedgroove lotus andridge.Calyx:rowof smallferns.Wall:alternating P1.12 petalsand grapevines.Rim: doublespiralscrownedby 69 (P 26149)Grapevine H. 0.073;Diam.0.125. leaves;simplifiedguilloche.Dull brownishblackglaze; Overhalfpreserved. miltos. Medallion:four trefoil leaves set in cross pattern, E 15:4 surrounded bytworidges,onescraped.Thisis surrounded Ca 175-150 rosettesandtrefoilleaveswithin by a bandof alternating 65 (P 24815)Lotuspetals,grapevines PI. 11 beading.Calyx:rowof smallferns.Wall:one grapevine Max.p. dim.0.075. springsup, its tendrilsundulatinghorizontallyaround Partof medallionand lowerwall. bowl.Flyingbirdsin field.Rim:trefoilleaves;simplified Medallion:preservedis a rowof smallpointedleaves guilloche;ovolo. Note parabolicshape.Dull brownish surrounded by grooveandridge.At edgeof medallion,a blackglaze;miltos.Forshape,trefoilleaves,andcomposimoldedshellfoot.Calyx:rowofsmallferns.Wall:alternat- tion of medallionand calyx,cf. 176.Hellenisticfaience ing lotus petals and grapevines.Metallicblack glaze. bowls from Alexandriaand a gold-glassbowl from Anotherpiece (P 21051)made in same mold foundin southernRussiahavesimilarshapeand horizontalvines samecontext. (Adriani,pls. 1-3). H-K 12-14 M 18:10 Ca 225-200

Ca 225-175

66 (P 20205)Lotuspetal,grapevines PI. 11 P. H. 0.065;est. Diam.0.18. One sixthof rimandupperbody. Wall:pointedlotus petal flankedby tendrilsbearing grapeleaves.Rim:ovolo.Dull redglaze. Q 8-9 Ca 225-175 67 (P 28587) Nymphaea caeruleapetals,

PI. 12

tendrils H. 0.092;Diam.0.172. Halfof rimandpartsof wallrestored. Medallion:eight-petaled rosettestampeddirectlyonto bowl over roundedribbedleaves. Calyx:two rows of imbricatesmallferns.Wall:tall,pointedlotuspetalsalternatewithstylizedplantwiththickspiraling leaves,sprouting tendrilsand flowers.Rim:invertedovolo;simplified guilloche.Metallicgrayishblackglaze;miltosin grooves and smearedoverpartof medallion.Fora similarsilver

70 (P 18672)Grapevine PI. 13 H. 0.085;Diam.0.143. Partlyrestored. Medallion:eightsmallfernsarrangedin starpattern. Calyx:one to two rowsof smallferns.Wall:fourgrapevineswithswirling,elaboratetendrils.Rim:tendrils;band of chevronsbetweenbeading.Metallicblackglazeabove, dullred below. M 21:1 Ca. 225-175

71 (P 25482)Ivy PI. 12 P. H. 0.085;est. Diam.0.17. One sixthof rimandupperbody. Wall:registers, dividedfromeachotherandfromrimby ridgeand scrapedgroove.Of lowerregister,onlypartof koremaskpreserved.Upperregister,a horizontalvine with ivy leaves and small rosettes. Rim: alternating invertedpalmflowersandlotusbuds.Metallicblackglaze; bowl cf. Perniceand Winter,D er hildesheimerSilberfund, miltos. AreaG-I 10-14 (contextunknown) pls. 6, 7. Workshopof Bion?Hausmann'sWorkshop? P 21:4 Ca 225-175 Ca. 200

68 (P 28101)Grapevinewithpine-conescales PI. 12 H. 0.095;est. Diam.0.165. Abouthalfpreserved. Medallion:Athena Parthenossurroundedby ridge, ovolo,rosettes,scrapedgroove,andbeading.Lowerwall: fiverowsofpine-conescales,toppedbyovoloborderedby springup andundubeading.Upperwall:twograpevines late horizontally aroundbowl.Erotesand birdsin field. Rim: pairs of double spiralscrownedby palmettes;

72 (P 28542)Fronds Pls. 13, 74 H. 0.08;Diam.0.135. Fragmentsmissing;restored. hatchedeight-petaled Medallion: rosettesurrounded by and one of ferns. Wall: row scrapedridge beading.Calyx: frondswith rosettesbetweentips.Rim:pairsof double spiralscrownedbyleaves;beading;ovolo.Metallicgrayish blackglaze.Workshopof Bion. P 21:4 Ca. 225-175

FLORALMOLDS Pls. 13, 94 73 (P 13686) Fronds H. 0.094; est. Diam. 0.165. Three fourths of rim and two thirds of body restored. Medallion: gorgoneion surrounded by two ridges. Calyx: four to five overlappingrows of small ferns. Wall: large, jeweled fronds with rosettes between tips. Rim: double spirals.Dull greenish blackglaze outside, lustrous blackinside. For frondscf. 73bis, 92, 116, and Braun,nos. 150 and 174. Class 2. G 5:3 Ca 200-150 (worn mold)

53

PI. 14 77 (P 18675) Fronds? H. 0.055; Diam. 0.091. Fragmentsmissing; restored. Medallion:rosette surroundedby scrapedridge. Wall: spiky leaves, perhaps fronds, alternating with vertical bands reachingtwo thirdsof way up body. Plainrim.Dull blackglaze below, red above and inside.Note raisedfoot. M 21:1 Ca. 225-175 FLORAL MOLDS(78-86)

Pls. 13, 94 78 (P 17564) Nymphaea lotus petals, floral Pls. 14, 93 73bis (P 10878) Fronds Restored H. 0.089; est. Diam. 0.145. tendrils Three fourths restored. P. H. 0.087; est. Diam. 0.11 (int.), 0.125 (ext.). Medallion:gorgoneionsurroundedby ridge.Calyx:one One third of upper wall and rim. row of widely spaced, small leaves. Wall: large, jeweled Shape: slightly flaring rim, beveled and flanged on fronds with rosettes between tips. Rim: double spirals; outside. three ridges; ovolo; double spirals.Metallic black glaze. Wall:tall lotus petals with tips bent forward,alternating For frondscf. 73, 92,116, and Braun,nos. 150 and 174.For with floral tendrils. Rim: alternatingrosettes and palm spiralsof rim cf. 73. Class 2. flowers; pairs of double spirals;beading; egg and dart. D 11:4 lower fill Bowls with similarrimpatternswere found in M 21:1 (62) Ca 200-150 and in a context of ca 188-166 (P 19518). WorkshopA. C 20:2 74 (P 25439) Acanthus leaves PI. 14 Ca. 225-175 H. 0.085; Diam. 0.14. One third of upper body and rim missing. PI. 14 79 (P 14801) Lotus petal, serratedleaf, floral Medallion:eight-petaledrosette. Wall:acanthusleaves tendril alternatewith small ferns, fromwhich springtendrilswith P. H. 0.035. birdsperchedat top. Rosettes in field above. Rim: double Wall fragment. spiralscrownedby leaves; simplifiedguilloche.Dull black Lily flanked by serratedleaf on left, lotus on right. A glaze; miltos. WorkshopA? similarfragment(P 11429) comes from E 5:2. O 16:3 Area S 22 (late Roman context) Ca. 225-175 (worn mold) Ca. 225-175 PI. 14 75 (P 18677) Acanthus leaves PI. 14 80 (P 2996) Floral tendril Max. p. dim. 0.097. 0.16 H. est. Diam. 0.14 P. (ext.). (int.), 0.038; Fragmentof wall, with part of rim pattern. Fragmentof rim. Wall: vertical ribbed leaf flanked by acanthus leaves Shape: rim flat on top. with tips bending to left. Rim: ovolo(?); zigzag. Dull Wall: floral tendril within rectangular panel. Rim: brownishblack glaze. simplifiedguilloche interruptedby large palmette which M 21:1 depends into the area of the wall. Ca 225-175 Area R 14 (context of 4th century after Christ) PI. 14 Ca. 225-175 76 (P 18678) Fronds, oval leaves Restored H. 0.052 m.; est. Diam. 0.095. PI. 14 81 (P 23789) Lotus petal, tendril Most of rim and half of upper body restored. P. H. 0.058; est. Diam. 0.12 (int.), 0.135 (ext.). Medallion:gorgoneionsurroundedby scrapedstrokes. Fragmentof rim. Wall: small lotus petals alternatewith tall fronds. Small, ribbedovalleaves above lotus petals.Smallrosettesbelow Shape: slightly flaringrim. Wall:flyingbird between lotus petal, ribbedat top, and rim. Rim: ridge. Brownish black, slightly metallic glaze; miltos. Note that the medallionis recessed,the raisedarea tendril.Rim: alternatingsmall ferns and rosettes; double aroundit flattenedto make a restingsurface.Lip turnsout spirals;simplified guilloche. For rosette cf. 255, for bird 176. Workshopof Bion? sharply. Area O-P 15 (late Roman context) M 21:1 Ca 225-175 Ca. 225-175

54

CATALOGUE

P1. 14 82 (P 14723) Tendrils P. H. 0.059; est. Diam. 0.135 (int.), 0.15 (ext.). Fragmentof rim. Shape: slightly flaringrim. Wall: traces of tendrils. Rim: pairs of double spirals crowned by palmettes; simplified guilloche. Palmette of rim appearson 214. Workshopof Bion? A 18:7 Ca 225-175 83 (P 1523) Lotus petals, grapevines; Pls. 14, 95 signed P. H. 0.051. Noted: Thompson, p. 451, note 3. Medallion, half of base, and one fourth of lower wall. Shape: raised base. Medallion: nine-petaled rosette surrounded by two grooves.Wall:grapevineflankedby groupsof three lotus petals. SignatureH(AICT[at left, runningfrombottom to top. Cf. 62 for composition.For signaturesee p. 41. H-K 12-14 Ca 225-175 84 (P 15386) Grape leaf P1. 14 P. H. 0.03. Fragmentof wall. Grape leaf and tendrils. Similar leaves appear on 61. Workshopof Bion. Area R 22 (mixed 4th-centurythroughRomancontext) Ca 225-175 P1. 14 85 (P 7209) Lotus petals, tendril P. H. 0.034; max. p. dim. 0.056. Fragmentof lower wall. Stalk of tendril flanked by lotus petals, with imbricate small ferns between. A bowl (P 3568) possibly from this mold was found in a Hellenistic context. Cf. Braun, no. 211. Area N 8 (late Roman context) Ca 225-175 86 (P 21601) Grapevine P1. 14 P. H. 0.046. Medallion and one third of lower body. Shape: ring foot. Medallion: six-petaled rosette surroundedby groove. Calyx: one row of tiny leaves, one row of alternating palmettes and ferns. Wall: swans and flying birds below grapevinefestooned horizontallyaroundbowl. Rosette of medallion occurs on rims of 62, 193, 315, and 316. WorkshopA. D 14:1 Ca 225-175

WITHFIGURES FLORAL BOWLS (87-92)

87 (P 28586) Acanthus leaves and fronds Pls. 15, 94 with Erotes H. 0.099; Diam. 0.17. Fragmentsmissing; restored. Medallion:double rosette with fourpetals inside, eight outside,surroundedby smalllotus petals.Wall:alternating acanthus leaves and fronds, with tendrils between them bearing lotus petals, palmettes, and birds. Flying Erotes below rim. Rim: pairs of double spirals crowned alternatelyby lotus buds androsettes;simplifiedguilloche. Lustrousblackglazeoutside,greenishblackinside;miltos. Another bowl (P 28591) fromthe same mold was found in the same deposit. WorkshopA. P 21:4 Ca 225-175 88 (P 19747) Acanthus leaves with Erotes PI. 15 H. 0.085; est. Diam. 0.15. Most of rim and upper body restored. Medallion:Athena Parthenos.Wall: alternatinglarge, naturalisticand small,jeweled acanthusleaves,withfronds between them. Between leaves, Erotes holding torches. Rim: double spirals;egg and dart. Metallic black glaze. Workshopof Bion? P-R 6-12 Ca 225-175 89 (P 11431) Ribbed leaves and Erotes P1. 15 H. 0.058; est. Diam. 0.10. Seven eighths restored;full profile preserved. Medallion:Athena Parthenos.Wall: small ferns alternate with tall, rounded ribbed leaves, between which are Erotes holding torches. Rim: alternating swans and rosettes; beading; scraped groove; simplified guilloche; beading; rosettes. Dull brownishblack glaze; miltos. E 5:2 Ca 225-175 90 (P 27255) Lotus petals with Erotes P1. 15 P. H. 0.075. Fragmentof wall, with part of calyx and rim pattern. Calyx: imbricate triangularleaves. Wall: tall, ribbed lotus petals with tendrils flanked by Erotes holding torches. Rim: pairs of double spirals crowned by palmettes; simplifiedguilloche. Dull black glaze, reddish brown to black inside. For leaves of calyx see wall of 41. Workshopof Bion? Area B-C 16-17 (late Hellenistic context) Ca 225-175 P1. 15 91 (P 28093 + P 28198) Lotus petals and grapevinewith Odysseus and Erotes P. H. (P 28093; P1.15:a) 0.07, (P 28198;P1.15:b) 0.036; Diam. 0.147.

FIGUREDBOWLS Small fragment of wall and larger section preserving over half of rim and part of upper wall;partiallyrestored. Wall: grapevinealternateswith lotus petal bending to right. In field, Erotes with torches and a frontal figure wearing short chiton (Odysseus). Rim: running spiral; simplified guilloche. Lustrous black glaze; miltos. For Odysseus cf. 190, 191. Workshopof Bion. F 17:4 Ca 225-175 92 (P 20314 a-d) Fronds, floral tendrils,Erotes P1. 16 P. H. (a) 0.085, (b) 0.04, (c) 0.058, (d) 0.035; est. Diam. 0.16. Fournon-joiningfragmentspreservingaboutone fourth of rim and less than one fourth of wall. Wall: floral tendrils alternate with fronds. Figures among foliage:on fragmentb an Erosmounted on a goat, with small figure,possibly another Eros, squattingabove him; on fragment c an Eros leaning on a column. Rim: rosettes(?); alternating dolphins and rosettes. Slightly shiny, grayishblackglaze.For frondscf. 73, 73bis,116,and Braun, nos. 150 and 174. Class 2. P-R 6-12 Ca 200-150 (worn mold) FIGURED BOWLS (93-272) IDYLLIC (93-186) 93 (P 18668) Erotes and birds P1. 16 H. 0.077; est. Diam. 0.15. Most of rim and parts of body restored. Medallion:ten(?)-petaledrosette.Calyx:12 overlapping rows of small ferns. Wall: alternatingbirds and Erotes. Rim: pairs of double spirals crowned by leaves; convex band.Lustrousblackglaze outside,metallicinside;miltos. M 21:1 Ca 225-175 94 (P 23628) Erotes and birds PI. 16 P. H. 0.056; est. Diam. 0.14. One fifth of rim and wall, with tips of calyx. Calyx:imbricate,roundedribbedleaves. Wall:alternating birdsand Erotes. Rim: alternatingpointed leaves and fleurs-de-lis;small birds in flight. Metallic brown glaze outside, reddish inside; miltos. M-N 15:1 Ca 225-175 95 (P 23086) Erotes and birds PI. 16 H. 0.058; est. Diam. 0.09. Slightlyless than half preserved. Medallion: slave mask surrounded by bunches of grapes, bird, and Eros, all within scrapedgroove. Calyx: one row of small, rounded lotus petals. Wall:alternating birds and Erotes, with small masks between them. Rim:

55

double spirals.Lustrousblackglaze;miltos.A similarbowl (P 22847) was found in the buildingfill of the Middle Stoa (H-K 12-14). Made in same mold as 95bis. Area I 14 (Hellenistic context) Ca 225-175 95bis (P 23767) Medallion Pls. 16, 74 Max. p. dim. 0.079. Slightlyover half of medallion and lower wall. Made in same mold as 95. Area H-I 14 (Hellenistic context) Ca 225-175 96 (P 28614) Erotes and birds PI. 16 H. 0.095; Diam. 0.153. Half preserved;partiallyrestored. Medallion:doublefour-petaledrosettestampeddirectly over twelve-petaledrosette. Calyx: grapevines springing from medallion.Between them are alternatelypalmettes and comic masks with large trumpets. Wall: alternating birdsand Erotes.Rim: pairsof double spiralscrownedby palmettes;simplifiedguilloche.Shiny blackglaze; miltos. Cf. Pnyx, no. 46. Workshopof Bion. P 21:4 Ca 225-175 97 (P 20986 a, b) Erotes and birds PI. 17 P. H. (a) 0.08, (b) 0.052; est. Diam. 0.14. Noted: Webster,"GreekDramaticMonuments,"p. 283, under C 22. Two non-joiningsections preservingone fourth of rim and part of wall and calyx. Calyx: row of linked palmettes. Wall:alternatingbirds and Erotes carrying slave masks. Swans and rosettes below. Rim: pairs of double spirals crowned by leaves; ovolo. Metallic black glaze. WorkshopA. P-R 6-12 Ca 225-175 98 (P 12059) Erotes PI. 17 H. 0.057; est. Diam. 0.09. Three fourths restored;full profile preserved. Medallion: eight-petaledrosette surroundedby three ridges and scrapedgroove. Calyx: alternatingsmall ferns and small fronds with small ferns between tips. Wall: Erotesin flightalternatewithErotesholdingtorches.Rim: small ferns; beading. Dull black glaze. N 20:7 Ca 225-175 99 (P 18667) Erotes, masks, kraters Pls. 17, 75 H. 0.087; Diam. 0.151. Small parts restored. Medallion: eight-petaledrosette surroundedby ridge, tiny roundedleaves, and a row of ferns.Calyx:ten rowsof

56

CATALOGUE

imbricatesmall ferns. Wall:pairsof Erotes flankingalternatelykratersand old-manmasks.Krateror old-manmask separatesthe pairs.Rim: pairs of double spiralscrowned by palmettes; simplified guilloche bordered by beading. Reddish brown to brown glaze. Workshopof Bion. M 21:1 Ca 225-175

by palmettes; simplified guilloche bordered by beading. Dull blackglaze. Another bowl (P 20260) from the same mold was found in the same deposit. Workshopof Bion. M 21:1 Ca. 225-175

Pls. 18, 98 104 (P 18662) Goats and wreaths H. 0.098; Diam. 0.16. Half of rim and part of wall restored. Pls. 17, 98 100 (P 18669) Birds and rosettes Medallion: Athena Parthenos surrounded by two H. 0.071; Diam. 0.133. one scraped,and cable. Calyx: eight overlapping ridges, One fourth restored. smallferns,one row of fronds.Wall:wreathsalterrows of Medallion: eight-petaledrosette surroundedby ridge, with antithetical rampant goats flanking wreaths. nate scrapedgroove, and beading. Calyx: three rows of trianbirdsbelow, slave masks above. Rim: running and Erotes gularleaves with hatched outlines, one row of alternating guilloche bordered by beading. Brown simplified spiral; fronds and lotus petals. Wall: alternating birds and and on medallion; miltos. Another inside reddish glaze, rosettes. Rim: pairs of double spiralscrowned by leaves; the same mold and perhapsa fragfrom bowl 18663) (P ovolo with hatchedinterior.Blackglaze above, red below; in whichit was made were foundin the mold ment of (313) miltos. Workshopof Bion. of Bion. M 21:1. Workshop M 21:1 M 21:1 Ca 225-175 Ca 225-175 Pls. 17, 75, 94 101 (P 18670) Masks and diamonds H. 0.074; Diam. 0.128. One third restored. Medallion: gorgoneion surroundedby ridge, scraped groove,and beading.Calyx:three rows of imbricatesmall ferns with swans at tips, one row of fronds.Wall:old-man masks alternatewith jeweled diamonds topped by small ferns. Rim: pairs of double spirals crowned by leaves; simplifiedguillocheborderedby beading.Slightlymetallic black glaze; miltos. Workshopof Bion. M 21:1 Ca. 225-175 Pls. 17, 92 102 (P 18671) Masks H. 0.05; est. Diam. 0.085. Half of rim and part of upper body restored. Medallion: eight-petaledrosette surroundedby ridge, scrapedgroove, and beading. Calyx: six rows of overlapping pointed lotus petals. Wall: alternatingold-man and slave masks. Rosettes above. Rim: pairsof double spirals crowned by leaves; overlapping small ferns between beading. Lustrous brown glaze below, red above. Workshopof Bion. M 21:1 Ca 225-175 Pls. 18, 98 103 (P 18665) Erotes and wreaths H. 0.092; Diam. 0.156. Half restored. Medallion: Athena Parthenos surrounded by three ridges and scrapedgroove. Calyx: eight rows of overlapping small ferns.Wall:pairsof Erotes flankingwreathsor kraters.Repeating band of kore masks, old-man masks, and birdsbelow rim.Rim: pairsof double spiralscrowned

Pls. 18, 75 105 (P 18666) Goats and kraters Diam. 0.144. H. 0.083; Webster,"GreekDramaticMonuments,"C 17, p. 283 (masks). Medallion,half of rim, and parts of wall restored. Medallion: gorgoneion surrounded by two ridges. Calyx: alternatingfronds and small ferns, with swans on tips of fronds,old-manmasks between tips. Wall:pairsof antitheticalrampantgoats flankingkratersalternatewith wreaths. Old-man masks in field. Rim: pairs of double spirals crowned by palmettes; simplified guilloche borderedby beading. Thin, shiny brownish black glaze; miltos. A mold for a similarbowl comes from the Pnyx (Pnyx, no. 30). Cf. also Pnyx, no. 49. Workshopof Bion. M 21:1 Ca. 225-175 PI. 18 106 (P 28609) Goats and kraters Diam. 0.158. H. 0.096; Half of body restored. Medallion:gorgoneionwithin ridge,scrapedridge,and beading,all surroundedby bandof alternatingrosettesand old-manmasks,withinbeading.Calyx:rowof overlapping ferns. Wall: pairs of antitheticalrampantgoats flanking kraters,with kratersseparatingthe groups. Erotes and birds above. Rim: pairs of double spirals crowned by leaves; beading; ovolo. Slightly metallic, thin blackish brown glaze. Workshopof Bion. P 21:4 Ca. 225-175 107 (P 8563) Goats H. 0.083; Diam. 0.136. Part of wall and rim restored.

Pls. 19, 75

FGURED BOWLS Medallion: eight-petaledrosette surroundedby ridge and beading. Calyx: two rows of overlappingferns. Wall: pairsof antitheticalrampantgoats alternatewith old-man masks. Rim: double spiralscrowned by leaves; beading; simplifiedguilloche. Dull red glaze. E 6:1 Ca 175-150 108 (P 5718) Goats and kraters Pls. 19, 94 H. 0.088; Diam. 0.151. Fragmentsmissing. Medallion:double rosette with four petals inside, eight outside, with buds springing from between petals, all within two ridges, the inner one scraped.Calyx:alternating largeand smallpalmettes.Wall:pairsof rampantgoats flankingkratersalternatewith pairsof Erotes carryingoldman or slave masks.Birdswith wreathsbelow. Rim: pairs of double spirals; egg and dart. Thick, metallic grayish blackglaze; miltos. A similarbowl (P 21045) was found in the buildingfill of the Middle Stoa (H-K 12-14). Almost identical is P 590: Thompson D 35. for goats cf. P 405: Thompson C 23; for medallion cf. P 4021: Thompson C 41. See also Schwabacher,pl. 4:1, 2. WorkshopA. E 14:1 Ca 225-200 Pls. 19, 94 109 (P 13683) Goats and kraters H. 0.089; Diam. 0.143. Half of rim and part of body restored. Medallion: double six-petaled rosette surroundedby scrapedgroove. Calyx: three rows of ferns. Wall:pairs of antitheticalrampantgoats flankingkratersalternatewith pairs of Erotes carryingold-man or kore masks. Swans in field. Rim: flowersspringingfrom tendrils;double spirals; egg and dart.Thickred glaze. Cf. P 4104, P 4023, P 4025, P 4027: Thompson C 26, C 43, C 45, C 47; Schwabacher,pl. 3:15. M MonogramClass. G 5:3 Ca 175-150 110 (P 22191) Goats and kraters P1. 19 H. 0.086; est. Diam. 0.15. Webster, "GreekDramaticMonuments,"C 28, p. 284 (masks) Half preserved. Medallion: double six-petaled rosette surroundedby scrapedgroove. Calyx:one row of lotus petals, one row of alternatingtriangularleaves and rounded ribbed leaves. Wall: pairs of antitheticalrampantgoats flankingkraters alternatewith pairsof Erotescarryingold-man,slave,kore, or youth masks. Goat masks and birds carryingwreaths below. Rim:double spirals;egg and dart.Thin,shiny black glaze; miltos. Cf. P 4104, P 4023, P 4025, P 4027: ThompsonC 26, C 43, C 45, C 47; Braun,no. 187, the last possibly from the same mold. M MonogramClass. Q-R 10-11:1 Cao 175-150

57

111 (P 16117) Goats and kraters Pls. 20, 94 H. 0.082; Diam. 0.152. Large part of rim restored. Medallion:ten-petaledrosette. Calyx:fouroverlapping rows of small ferns. Wall: pairs of antitheticalrampant goats flanking kraters alternate with pairs of Erotes carryingold-man or kore masks. Rim: flowers springing fromtendrils;double spirals;simplifiedguilloche.Dull red glaze,blackaroundrim.Cf. P4104, P4023, P4025, P4027: Thompson C 26, C 43, C 45, C 47. M MonogramClass. G 14:2 middle fill Ca[ 175-150 112 (P 19883) Goats and kraters P1.20 H. 0.084; Diam. 0.156. Small chips missing. Medallion: double six-petaled rosette surroundedby scrapedgrooveand ridge.Calyx:threeoverlappingrowsof small fronds. Wall: pairs of antithetical rampant goats flanking kraters alternate with pairs of Erotes carrying wreathsor bunches of grapes.Rim: flowerspringingfrom tendrils; double spirals; egg and dart. Thin, dull black glaze. Cf. P 4104, P 4023, P 4025, P 4027: ThompsonC 26, C 43, C 45, C 47. M MonogramClass. D 17:5 lower fill Ca 175-150 Pls. 20, 94 113 (P 11411) Goats and kraters P. H. 0.086; est. Diam. 0.15. Medallion, one third of calyx, and small fragmentsof wall and rim preserved;restored.Rim fragmentnot illustrated. Medallion:double six-petaledrosette. Calyx:acanthus leaves alternate with imbricate fronds set in triangular pattern.Wall:pairsof antitheticalrampantgoats flanking kratersalternate with pairs of Erotes with masks. Rim: leaves; convex band.Dull red glaze, blackaroundrim. Cf. P 4104, P 4023, P 4025, P 4027: Thompson C 26, C 43, C 45, C 47. M MonogramClass. F 5:1 Ca 175-150 114 (P 2983) Goats and kraters Pls. 20, 76 H. 0.088; est. Diam. 0.14. Three fourths restored;full profile preserved. Medallion:double eight-petaledrosette surroundedby two ridges and scrapedgroove. Calyx: seven rows of imbricatesmall ferns. Wall:pairs of rampantgoats flanking kratersaltemate with pairsof Eroteswith koreor old-man masks. Swans,flyingbirds,and birdswith wreathsbelow. Rim: pairs of double spirals;simplified guilloche. Shiny black glaze; miltos. WorkshopA? H-K 12-14 Ca. 225-175

58

CATALOGUE

115 (P 12060) Goats and kantharoi PI. 20 H. 0.077; est. Diam. 0.14. One thirdof calyx and one fifth of wall, with full profile preserved;partlyrestored. Medallionmissing,but on anotherfragmentfrom same mold is a nine-petaled rosette surrounded by scraped groove. Calyx: two rows of overlappinglotus petals, with small leaves between tips of upper row, surroundedby band of diagonalsbetween ridges.Wall:pairs of antithetical rampantgoats flanking kantharoi.Old-man masks, dogs, and rabbitsflankingbunches of grapesbelow. Rim: simplified guilloche. Slightly metallic black glaze. Fragments made in the same mold come from F 5:1 (P 11413) and upper fill of H 6:9 (P 31057). N 20:7 Ca 175-150 (worn mold)

119 (P 20486) Goats P1.21 Max. p. dim. 0.106. Medallion and part of lower wall. Medallion: faint frontal face (gorgoneion or mask) surroundedby ridge. Wall: lower parts of three rampant goats, all facing right. Matt red and brown glaze. E 15:3 2nd century?

120 (P 28611) Goats Pls. 21, 98 P. H. 0.08. One third preserved.Partiallyrestored. Medallion: eight-petaledrosette surroundedby small lotus petals and ferns.Calyx:one row of smallferns.Wall: spiky plants (date stems?) alternatewith stalksof ribbed leaves which split at top to form arches. Rampantgoats flank the spiky plants. Old-manmasks, birds, bunches of grapes in field. Band of old-manmasks, slave masks, and 116 (P 19924) Goats Pls. 21, 76 flying birds below rim. Rim: pairs of double spirals H. 0.86; Diam. 0.157. crowned by palmettes; simplified guilloche borderedby One fourth of body and rim restored. beading.P 21:4 producedone other bowl (P 28613) from Medallion: eight-petaled rosette, inner surrounding the same mold. For the spiky plants see 59 and P 4099: ridgescraped.Calyx:rowof smallfernsand tallfrondswith Thompson C 16. Workshopof Bion. rosettes between tips. Wall:pairs of antitheticalrampant P 21:4 goats. Old-manmasks below rim. Rim: ridges.Dull black Ca 225-175 glaze.Fortallfrondsof calyx cf.73,92; Braun,nos. 150and 174. Class 2. 121 (P 28539) Goats and satyrs Pls. 22, 76 D 17:4 H. 0.103; Diam. 0.19. Ca 200-150 Parts restored. Medallion:gorgoneion.Calyx:three to five overlapping 117 (P 19885) Goats, Eros with torch Pls. 21, 98 rows of spikyleaves. Wall:rampantgoats flanksatyrstriding left, a wreathin his left hand, a bunch of grapesin his P. H. 0.075; est. Diam. 0.14. right. FrontalNikai in field. Rim: pairs of double spirals Part of rim, wall, and calyx. Calyx: imbricateferns in triangulararrangement.Wall: crownedby palmettes;rosettesflankedby spirals.Slightly rampantgoatsflanktrianglesof calyx.Between them, Eros shiny, darkred glaze on bottom, black near rim; miltos. withtorch.Rim:alternatingbulls'headsand rosettes.Dark P 21:4 containedanother bowl (P 28589) from the same reddish brown glaze, red inside. Fragmentswith similar mold. For rim cf. P 1811: Thompson A 74. Workshopof rims come from E 5:2 (P 11435)and froma context of the Bion? P 21:4 early2nd century(P 9399). Cf.also 20 and 32. Hausmann's Ca 225-175 Workshop. D 17:5 lower fill Ca. 200 P1.21 118 (P 20485) Goats P. H. 0.065. Medallion, two thirds of calyx, and one sixth of wall. Medallion: six-petaled rosette with trefoils springing from between petals. Calyx: large, pointed lotus petals with small lotus buds between them. Wall:rampantgoats flank lotus petals of calyx. Rosettes and swans in field. Rim: double spirals;egg and dart.Dull blackglaze;miltos. Same medallion as 63 and 231. WorkshopA? E 15:3 Ca. 225-175 (worn mold)

Pls. 23, 94 122 (P 28540) Goats and kraters,satyrs and kraters H. 0.108; Diam. 0.17. Hesperia42, 1973, p. 155, pl. 33:d. Parts restored. Medallion:double rosette with four petals inside, eight outside. Calyx: row of triangularleaves springingfrom spirals;two rowsof acanthusleaves.Wall:alternatingpairs of rampantgoats; satyrswith one hand to beard,one arm raised; satyrs striding with one arm forward,one back; satyrsdownon one knee. All areflankingkratersor, in one case,a slavemask.Below arepairsof swansandErotes,the latter sometimes holding a wreath or slave mask. Rim: antithetical dolphins; beading; egg and dart. Lustrous

FIGUREDBOWLS black glaze; miltos. Two more bowls (P 28536, P 28541) from the same mold were found in P 21:4. Cf. Schwabacher,pl. 4:6, 7. For satyrs and goats cf. P 405: Thompson C 23; for rim cf. P 4011: Thompson C 31. WorkshopA. P 21:4 Ca. 225-175 123 (P 23607 a, b) Goats, satyrs,kraters Pls. 23, 77 P. H. (a) 0.105; H. (b) 0.12; Diam. 0.20. Full profile,medallion, and one third of wall. Medallion: eight-petaled rosette. Calyx: two rows of alternatingsmall and largeferns.Wall:alternatingpairsof rampantgoats and stridingsatyrs flanking kraters.Goat masks below. Rim: alternatingpalmettes and lotus buds; pairsof double spirals;egg and dart.Shinyredglazebelow, blacknear rim and inside. For satyrscf. P 405: Thompson C 23. Cf. also Watzinger,p. 63, no. 1. WorkshopA? P-R 6-12? Ca 225-175 (worn mold) 124 (P 11426) Satyrsand kraters PI. 24 H. 0.091; est. Diam. 0.15. Two thirds of rim and half of body restored. Medallion: gorgoneion surrounded by ridge and beading. Calyx: two rows of ferns. Wall: pairs of satyrs flanking kraters.Satyr on left is leaping. Satyr on right stands with left hand to beard, right arm upraised.Birds and rosettes above. Rim: pairs of double spiralscrowned by leaves; beading;simplifiedguilloche.Red glaze below, black above. Workshopof Bion. E 5:2 Ca 225-175

59

glaze, greenishinside. Cf. 109,112,113,301. MMonogram Class. F 5:1 Ca 175-150 127 (P 23075) Kneeling satyrsand kantharos P1.24 P. H. 0.062. Part of rim and upper body. Wall:antitheticalkneeling satyrsflanklarge kantharos. Trace of another satyr on right. Rim: fleurs-de-lis;large double spirals;beading. Metallic black glaze; miltos. For rim cf. 46, 157. Class 1. M-N 15:1 Ca. 175-150 128 (P 7213) Satyr Pls. 24, 77 P. H. 0.049. Fragmentof wall, with part of rim pattern. Wall: aroused satyr facing left. Bird and Eros above. Rim: beading;ovolo. Dull brownglaze, blackinside. The same satyrappearson a fragment(P 28618) from P 21:4. Workshopof Bion. Area P-Q 9 (context of first half of 2nd century) Ca. 225-175 129 (P 18647) Satyrs,kraters,centaurs PI. 24 P. H. 0.13; est. Diam. 0.18. Medallion and over half of bowl restored. Calyx: ferns. Wall: pairs of dancing satyrs flanking kraters alternate with centaurs walking left, carrying lyres(?).Alternatingflying birds and Erotes with torches above. Rim: pairs of double spirals crowned by leaves; beading;simplifiedguilloche.Dull blackglaze. Workshop of Bion. M 21:1 Ca 225-175

125 (P 18654) Satyrsand kraters P1.24 H. 0.089; Diam. 0.151. Small parts restored. Medallion:nine-petaledrosette surroundedby scraped 130 (P 18646) Musical centaurs PI. 25 H. 0.10; Diam. 0.162. ridgeand beading.Calyx:two rowsof fronds.Wall:pairsof Medallion and one fourth of wall and rim restored. satyrsflankingkraters.Satyrshave one hand to beard,the other raised.Rosettes in field. Rim: pairsof double spirals Calyx: lotus petals. Wall: repeatingfigures of centaur crowned by leaves; beading; simplified guilloche. Thin playingtrumpetand leapingright,centaurplayinglyreand brownish black glaze; miltos. Workshopof Bion. struttingleft, and centaurwith Eros on his back, playing M 21:1 double pipe and struttingright.Hounds and foxes in field Ca. 225-175 below. Birdsand Erotesabove.Rim:pairsof doublespirals crownedby leaves; beading;simplifiedguilloche.Metallic 126 (P 11412) Kneeling satyrsand kraters PI. 24 black glaze. A fragment of another bowl (P 16212) P. H. 0.05. probablyfromthe same mold was foundin the upperfillof N 21:4. Workshopof Bion. half and fifth with of calyx, one of wall, part Medallion, M 21:1 of rim pattern;partiallyrestored. Ca. 225-175 Medallion: double six-petaled rosette surroundedby scrapedgrooveand ridge.Calyx:threeoverlappingrowsof P1.25 small ferns. Wall:pairsof kneeling satyrsflankingkraters 131 (P 22853) Centaurand krater P. H. 0.041. alternatewith pairs of Erotes carryingkore and old-man masks. Rim: egg and dart.Dull, mottled blackand brown Fragmentof wall.

60

CATALOGUE

136 (P 18659) Cocks and kraters,winged figure P1.25 H. 0.087; Diam. 0.155. Most of rim and part of body restored. Medallion:traceof rosette surroundedby scrapedridge and beading. Calyx: row of overlappingferns. Wall: five pairs of cocks flanking kraters;nude male figure with sickle-shaped wings, facing right and holding a long Pls. 25, 77 branch.Erotes and birds above. Rim: rosettes; beading; 132 (P 65) Centaurand kantharos P. H. 0.059. simplified guilloche. Slightly metallic black glaze. FragWebster,MonumentsIllustratingNew Comedy,AV 16, ment of a similarbowl (P 19943) comes from lower fill of p. 58 (masks). D 17:5. For cocks cf. Pnyx, nos. 32 a and 33. For winged Fragmentof wall with top of calyx and rim pattern. figure cf. Braun, nos. 150 and 174, where he is probably Calyx: fronds with old-man masks between tips. Wall: not, however, from the same stamp. Workshopof Bion. centaurwalksleft towardskantharos.Rim: double spirals; M 21:1 beading;ovolo. Shiny blackglaze. For kantharossee 178. Cat 225-175 Workshopof Bion. H 6:9 PI. 26 137 (P 21039) Cocks and altar Ca 225-175 P. H. 0.067.

Centaur playing lyre walks left towards krater.Slave masksabove. Beadingof rimpreservedabove. Shinyblack glaze. H-K 12-14 Ca 225-175

P1.25 133 (P 27581) Running centaur P. H. 0.043. Fragmentof wall and part of rim pattern. Centaurleaping left, bird flying left, rosettes and Eros below. Ovolo of rim pattern preserved. Dull greenish brown glaze, orange above. Workshopof Bion. Area M 16 (context of first half of 2nd century) Cat 225-175 P1.25 134 (P 18660) Cocks and kraters H. 0.081; Diam. 0.135. One third of body and half of rim restored. Medallion: eight-petaledrosette surroundedby ridge, scraped groove, and beading. Calyx: row of overlapping ferns.Wall:pairsof cocksflankingkraters.Erotesand birds above. Rim: pairs of double spirals crowned by leaves; beading; simplified guilloche. Shiny black glaze. A fragment of a similarbowl (P 19742)was found in the building fill of the Stoa of Attalos (P-R 6-12). For cocks cf. Pnyx, nos. 32 a and 33. Workshopof Bion. M 21:1 Ca 225-175 PI. 25 135 (P 18661) Cocks and satyrs P. H. 0.067. Three fourthsof wall,most of rim,and all of lip restored. Medallion: small eight-petaledrosette surroundedby ridge,scrapedgroove,and beading.Calyx:rowof overlapping ferns. Wall:pairs of cocks flankingsatyrs.One satyr dancing, one standing still, with erection. Birds below, birds and Erotes above. Rim: pairs of double spirals crownedby leaves; beading;invertedovolo with hatched interior.Dull brownishglaze. Workshopof Bion. M 21:1 Car 225-175

Medallion, calyx, and one eighth of wall. Medallion:ten-petaledrosette. Calyx: acanthusleaves withfernsbetween tips.Wall:pairof cocksflankinghorned altar. Rosette and old-man mask in field. Rim: convex band. Mottled brown glaze. For altar cf. 176. H-K 12-14 Cat 225-175 Pls. 26, 94 138 (P 23526 a-d) Cocks and kantharos H. 0.059. P. (a) Fragment preserving medallion, most of calyx, one eighthof wall,and lowerrim.Three smallfragmentsof rim not illustrated. Medallion:nine-petaledrosette surroundedby ribbed leaves and two ridges. Calyx: two overlappingrows of ferns. Wall: cock facing left, kantharos,cock facing right. Slave masks below. Rim: pairsof double spiralscrowned by palmettes; simplifiedguilloche;pairsof double spirals with pendentpalmettes.No scrapedgroovebelowlip. Dull black glaze, brown on medallion. Workshopof Bion? Area K 7 (2nd-centurycontext) Ca 225-175 Pls. 26, 77 139 (P 18652) Nikai and satyrs Diam. 0.13. H. 0.077; Small parts restored. Medallion: eight-petaledrosette surroundedby ridge, scrapedgroove,and beading.Calyx:one row of triangular leaves with hatched outlines, one row of alternatingferns and lotus petals. Wall: four pairs of flying Nikai flanking alternatelylarge bird and dancing satyr. Flying birds in field. Rim: pairs of double spirals crowned by leaves; hatched ovolo. Metallic brown to black glaze. M 21:1 contained another bowl (P 18653) from the same mold. For Nikai cf. 170. Workshopof Bion. M 21:1 Cao 225-175

FIGUREDBOWLS PI. 26 140 (P 21043) Nike, Eros, recliningsatyrs P. H. 0.085; max. p. dim. 0.105. Partof medallionand one fifthof wall,with lowerpartof rim pattern. Medallion: gorgoneion surroundedby ridge, scraped groove,and beading.Calyx:two rowsof ferns.Wall:reclining satyrsflank kantharos.Above, Nikai and Erotes hold ends of swagswhich are looped aroundbowl. Flyingbirds and Eroteswith torchesin field.Rim:ovolo. Metallicblack glaze. Cf. P 2432: Thompson C 21, which is very similar, but not made in the same mold. Workshopof Bion? H-K 12-14 Ca 225-175 P1.26 141 (P 25448) Eros, satyrs Max. p. dim. 0.097. Medallion, two thirds of calyx, and one third of lower wall. Medallion: double four-petaled rosette. Calyx: small lotus buds alternating with palmettes with rosettes between tips. Wall: krateror kantharos;reclining satyr; Eros leaning on post; kneeling satyrs flanking krateror kantharos.Rosettes in field. Slightlyshiny blackto brown glaze, black inside. 0 16:3 Ca 200-150 P1.26 142 (P 23640 a, b) Reclining satyrs P. H. (a) 0.052, (b) 0.04. Two non-joiningfragmentsof wall. Calyx of acanthus leaves with kratersbetween them. Erotes holdingtorchesstandover kraters.Recliningsatyrs between them. Old-man masks in field above. Metallic black glaze. Cf. Schwabacher,pl. 4:30. Area K-Q 14-17 (context unknown) Ca 200-150 Pls. 26, 94 143 (P 9849) Satyrs,Nikai, Erotes H. 0.077; Diam. 0.15. Half of wall and rim restored. Medallion:small gorgoneionsurroundedby two ridges and scrapedgroove.Calyx:four rows of small ferns.Wall: pairsof Erotesflankingkraters,the Eroson rightcarryinga lyre;satyrsstridingright;frontalNikai.Koremasksabove. Rim: pairsof double spiralscrownedby leaves; simplified guilloche. Dull greenish black glaze. Cf. 144, 145, and P 589: Thompson D 34. Class 1. D 5:2 Ca. 175-150 P1.27 144 (P 13684) Nikai Diam. 0.155. H. 0.087; Part of wall restored. Medallion: gorgoneion surroundedby ridge, band of rosettes, scraped groove, and beading. Calyx: widely

61

spaced alternatingfronds and ferns, with flying Erotes between tips. Wall: five pairs of flying Nikai flanking frontalNike. Nike on left holds garland.Rosettes in field. Rim: leaves; double spirals.Dull blackglaze. Cf. 143,145. Class 1. G 5:3 Ca 175-150 Pls. 27, 94 145 (P 25444) Erotes, goats, and kraters H. 0.09; Diam. 0.156. Half of rim and one third of body restored. Medallion: gorgoneion surroundedby ribbed leaves. Calyx: three overlappingrows of small ferns. Wall: four groups consistingof kantharosflankedby rampantgoats, flankedin turn by flying Erotes. Eros on rightplays lyre. Flying birdsin field. Rim: pairsof double spiralscrowned by leaves; simplifiedguilloche. Slightlyshiny blackglaze. Cf. 143, 144. For goats, Erotes, and guilloche cf. P 589: Thompson D 34. Class 1. 0 16:3 Ca. 175-150 Pls. 27, 78 146 (P 8589) Nikai and goats H. 0.08; Diam. 0.139. Large parts of rim, bottom, and one fifth of body restored. Medallion preserved on bowl made in same mold: double rosette with twelve petals outside, eight inside. Calyx: two overlappingrows of small ferns.Wall:pairsof rampantgoats flankfrontalNikai. Rim: flowers springing from tendrils; ridges. Metallic brown glaze. A bowl (P 10876) producedby the same mold was found in D 11:4. For frontalNike and medallion cf. 207. Class 3. E 6:2 upper fill Ca. 160-140 147 (P 19942) Nike Pls. 27, 78 Max. p. dim. 0.103. Medallion and one tenth of lower wall. Medallion: nine-petaled rosette surroundedby small ferns, within ridge, scraped groove, and beading. Calyx: one to three overlappingrows of small ferns.Wall:frontal Nike flankedby flying Erotes. Erotes on dolphins below. Shinyblackglaze;miltos. ForNike and calyx cf. 209. From same shop as 182 and 209; WorkshopA? D 17:5 lower fill Ca. 225-175 P1.27 148 (P 23052) Nikai, Erotes, and kantharoi Max. p. dim. 0.11. Webster,MonumentsIllustratingNew Comedy,AV 16, p. 58 (masks). Medallion and one third of wall. Medallion: three old-man masks surroundedby two ridges and scrapedgroove. Calyx: two rows of pine-cone

62

CATALOGUE

scales, alternatingwith smallfernsin upperrow.Wall:five pairsof Eroteswho carryold-manmasksand flankkantharoi, alternatingwith pairs of Erotes who carry old-man masks and flank frontalNikai. Flying birds and Erotes in field. Rim: trace of beading. Metallic black glaze. For medallion cf. P 4017: Thompson C 37. M-N 15:1 Ca 200-150 149 (P 9514) Erotes P1.28 H. 0.104. Three fourths restored. Medallion: small ferns arrangedin eight-pointed star pattern, surroundedby two ridges. Calyx: two rows of small ferns.Wall:one row of drapedwomen facingfront, two rows of Erotes flying left. Rim: lotus buds(?);convex band. Orangeto brown glaze. N 19:1 upper fill Ca 200-150?

P 19764 from the Stoa of Attalos buildingfill (P-R 6-12) and P 11533fromE 5:2, as well as on 153.ForNike cf. 168 and Schwabacher,pl. 4:25. Workshopof Bion. H 6:4 Ca 225-175 P1.28 153 (P 23051 a, b) Chariot,Eros on goat, Pegasos P. H. (a) 0.078, (b) 0.09. Two non-joining sections preservingpart of rim and body and top of calyx. Calyx: fronds with flying Erotes between tips. Wall: repeated figures of Eros on goat, Pegasos, and biga, all runningright.Flyingbirdsbelow.Rim:alternatingrosettes and palmettes;pairsof double spirals;beading;simplified guilloche. Metallic black glaze; miltos. Cf. 152, 154, and 275. Same Pegasos occurson bowl (P 14288)fromN 20:7. Workshopof Bion. M-N 15:1 Ca 225-175

150 (P 18651) Chariotsand horsemen P1.28 H. 0.079; est. Diam. 0.145. 154 (P 7001) Pegasos; signed Pls. 28, 78, 95 Two thirds restored;full profile preserved. P. H. 0.04. Medallion: Athena Parthenos. Calyx: floral tendrils Fragmentof wall. reachingnearlyto rim.Wall:horsemenridingleft (detail2) Calyx: tips of frondswith rosettes and Erotes between alternate with bigae driven right (detail 1). Erotes, them. Wall:Pegasosrunningright.Beforeand behindhim palmettes, and rosettes above. Rim: double spirals; are tracesof goats runningright.Flyingbirdbelow. Signabeading; simplified guilloche. Black glaze; miltos. tureBIl3NOCbelowPegasos.Cf. 153.Forsignaturecf. 168 and p. 40. Workshopof Bion. Workshopof Bion? M 21:1 Area D-E 11-12 (context unknown) Ca. 225-175 Ca 225-175 151 (P 20458) Chariots PI. 28 P. H. 0.067; max. p. dim. 0.092. Part of calyx and rim and one fourth of wall. Calyx:alternatinglargeand smallpalmetteswith swans between tips. Wall:three bigae being driven right. Slave masks above, flying birds below. Rim: ovolo. Brownish blackglaze,red inside.Cf. 276.Forcalyxcf. Braun,no. 149. WorkshopA. Area C 17-18 (Hellenisticand late Roman context) Ca. 225-175 152 (P 401) Chariot,Eros on goat, Pls. 28, 78, 94 Nike, Pegasos H. 0.077; Diam. 0.147. Hesperia 2, 1933, p. 453, fig. 2. Fragmentsmissing. Medallion:gorgoneionsurroundedby scrapedgroove, ridge,and beading.Calyx:one row of fronds.Wall:Erotes on goats running right; frontal Nikai; Pegasos running right;bigaedrivento right.Rosettesandflyingbirdsabove. Rim: pairsof double spiralscrownedby leaves; beading; simplifiedguilloche. Brown glaze. Glaze and shape very similarto 263. Cf. 275 and 276. The same biga appearson

155 (P 18648) Erotes mounted on animals Pls. 29, 78 H. 0.092; est. Diam. 0.155. Half restored. Plain medallion with central dimple, surrounded by ridge, scrapedgroove, and beading. Calyx: two overlapping rowsof ferns.Wall:figuresof Erotesmountedon lion, dog(?),and boar, all runningright,repeatedtwice. Flying birds and Erotes above. Rim: pairs of double spirals crowned by leaves; beading; ovolo. Thin, shiny brownish black glaze. Workshopof Bion. M 21:1 Ca 225-175 PI. 29 156 (P 12062) Torch race: Erotes on animals P. H. 0.096; est. Diam. 0.15. Five sixths restored. Medallion:rayeddisk surroundedby ten spirals,within two ridges,scrapedgroove,and ridge.Calyx:three rowsof small palmettes. Wall: one fragment preserves Eros holdingtorch,mounted on goat runningright.Frontparts of panther running right and lion(?) running left also preserved.Erotes,koremasksand old-manmasksin field. Rim: roughly triangularspirals. Metallic brown glaze,

FIGURED BOWLS

63

blackinside;miltos.For Eroson goat cf. 157, 169,and 160 (P 28595)Torchrace:men on horseback PI.30 P 4028:ThompsonC 48. Class1. P. H. 0.065. N 20:7 Rimandhalfof wallmissing. Ca. 175-150 Medallion:doublerosettewithfourpetalsinside,eight outside,surrounded by ridgeandscrapedgroove.Calyx: 15overlapping rowsoffrondsseparated fromwallbyridge. 157 (P 23606)Torchrace:Eroteson Pls. 29, 79, 94 Wall:ninehorsemen ridingleft,holdingtorches.OneEros animals withwreathpreservedabove.Rim:pairsof doublespirals H. 0.086;est. Diam.0.16. preserved.Shinyblackglaze,greenishinside;miltos.For Medallion,fullprofile,and one thirdof body. horsemencf. 159.WorkshopA. Medallion:eight-petaledrosette.Calyx:two to three P21:4 rowsof smallferns.Wall:Erosholdingtorch, overlapping Ca. 225-175 mounted on goat, alternatingwith Eros mountedon panther,allrunningright.Flyingbirdsin field.Rim:pairs P1.30 of doublespiralscrownedbyleaves;invertedegganddart; 161 (P 9086)Horsemen P. H. 0.067. largedoublespirals;threeridges.Metallicblackglaze.For Fragmentof walland rimpattern. Eroson goatcf.156,169,andP 4028:ThompsonC 48.For Calyx: overlappinglotus petals with small fronds Eroson panthercf. 163and200.Forrimcf.46,127,andP betweentips.Wall:horsemenrunningleft alternatewith 4079:ThompsonD 37. Class1. goatmasks.Rim:pairsof doublespirals;simplifiedguilP-R 6-12? loche.Shinygrayishblackglaze.WorkshopA? Ca 175-150 N 18:3 Ca. 225-175

PI.29 158 (P 23074)Torchrace:Eroteson goats H. 0.089;est. Diam.0.18. One fifthpreserved. Medallion:rosettewith 16 overlapping petals.Calyx: threeoverlapping rowsof frondsandpalmettes,withbuds androsettesaboveandbetweentips,dividedfromwallby two ridges.Wall:Erotescarryingtorches,mountedon doublespiralsand goatsrunningto right.Rim:alternating fleurs-de-lis;simplifiedguilloche.Metallicblack glaze, reddishon medallionandpartof inside;miltos.Forcalyx andrimcf.P 405:ThompsonC 23. Cf.alsoSchwabacher, pl.6:13;Braun,pl.82:1;andPergamonXI,i, pp. 143-144, pl.49, no.291,froma contextof the secondquarterof the A. 2ndcentury.Forfigurescf.Braun,no. 128.Workshop M-N 15:1

Pls. 30, 79 162 (P 19945)Horsemen H. 0.076;est. Diam.0.14. Halfof rimandmost of wallrestored. rosette.Calyx:onerow doubleeight-petaled Medallion: of roundedribbedleaves. Wall:parts of five cloaked Rim:palmettes;double horsemenridingto leftpreserved. spirals;simplifiedguilloche.Dull green to blackglaze; miltos.Forhorsemencf. 241.Samemedallionas 183. D 17:5lowerfill Ca.225-175(wornmold)

PI.30 163 (P 16208)Mountedfigures,goats H. 0.08;est. Diam.0.15. Medallionand two thirdsof walland rimrestored. Ca 225-175 Calyx:six rowsof imbricatesmallferns.Wall:on one side,rampant goatsflankErosonpantherleapingright.On other rampant goats flank mounted spearman side, 159 (P 28594)Torchrace:men on horse- Pls. 30, 98 and cloak wearing cuirass,ridingright.Betweenthem, back haresanddogsrunningright.Belowrima bandof repeatH. 0.096;Diam.0.171. ing koremasks,old-manmasks,and flyingbirds.Rim: Halfof rimandlargepartsof bodyrestored. of doublespiralscrownedby palmettes;simplified Medallion:eight-petaledrosette.Calyx:two rows of pairs borderedby beading.Dull red glaze below, smallferns,fromwhichspringfourgrapevines,among guilloche blackabove.ForEroson panthersee 157,200.Workshop whosetendrilsarehares,hounds,foxes,boars,andErotes. of Bion. Separatedfromwallby ridge.Wall:11 horsemenriding N 21:4 middlefill wreathsabove.Rim: left,holdingtorches.Erotescarrying Ca 225-175 pairsof double palmflowersandfleurs-de-lis; alternating spirals;alternatingswansand rosettes.Dull blackglaze; P1.31 miltos. For dogs, hares, and medallioncf. 248. For 164 (P 23081)MountedEros,Eroswith horsemencf. 160.WorkshopA. thymiaterion P. H. 0.075. P 21:4 One thirdof calyxand wall. 225-175 Ca.

64

CATALOGUE

Calyx: acanthus leaves with double spirals over tips, Metallicbrownglaze, red inside. For signaturecf. 154 and swansbetween tips.Wall:at right,Erosholdingthyrsos(?), p. 40; forgriffincf. 167;forNike cf. 152.Workshopof Bion. riding left on goat. At left, Eros holding thymiaterion, Q 8-9 Ca 225-175 walking right. These alternate with Typhon(?),a frontal legless torso with handsrestingon hips. Birdsabove. Rim: 169 Pls. 31, 79 (P 8101) Griffin,Eros on goat trace of spiralover beading.Lustrousblackglaze. For the P. H. 0.05. "Typhon"cf. 195. WorkshopA. Fragmentof wall, with part of calyx. H-K 12-14 Calyx: three rows of small ferns. Wall: griffinwalking Ca. 225-175 left. At rightEros on goat runningright.Dull blackglaze.

ForEroscf. 156and 157.Workshopof Bion?

PI. 31 165 (P 795) Erotes rowing Area H 5 (modern context) P. H. 0.032. CaC225-175 Small fragmentof wall. Pls. 31, 92 Back half of ship with high curving stem, with two 170 (P 18641) Tritons,warrior,Nikai H. 0.073; Diam. 0.14. oarsmenand a helmsman in the stem. Lustrousbrownish black glaze. A similarfragment(P 20958) comes from Q Partlyrestored. Medallion:gorgoneion surroundedby scrapedgroove 8-9. For the prow of the ship see 166 and 407. Workshop and beading. Calyx: row of ferns with old-man masks A? between tips. Wall:pairs of snaky-tailedTritonsflanking I 16:5 nude warriorarmedwith spearand shield,alternatingwith Ca. 225-175 pairsof antitheticalflyingNikai. Rim: alternatingrosettes P1.31 andleaves;pairsof doublespirals;beading;ovolo.Metallic 166 (P 27583) Erotes rowing brown to blackglaze. For Nikai cf. 139; for Tritoncf. 172. P. H. 0.037. Small fragmentof wall. Workshopof Bion. M 21:1 Prow of ship with ram, three Erotes rowing.Lustrous Ca. 225-175 grayishblackglaze.For stem of shipcf. 165and407.A similarfragment(P 20958) comes from Q 8-9. Workshop 171 Pls. 31, 79, 98 (P 20272) Tritons,Erotes on A? dolphins Area M 16 (Hellenistic context) H. 0.082; Diam. 0.15. Ca 225-175 Parts of wall and rim restored. Medallion: gorgoneion surroundedby ridge, scraped 167 (P 20268) Griffins,Herakles and Auge P1.31 groove, and beading. Calyx: row of fronds with Erotes H. 0.08; est. Diam. 0.145. flying left between tips. Wall: six pairs of Erotes on Part of medallion, half of calyx, and five sixths of wall dolphins facing Tritons armed with shields. Four times restored. Eros is on right, twice on left. Flying birds in field. Rim: Medallion:eleven-petaledrosette surroundedby ridge, pairsof double spiralscrownedby leaves; beading;ovolo. scrapedgroove, and beading. Calyx: row of overlapping Metallicblackglaze;miltos.Frommold 295.A fragmentof ferns. Wall: pairs of griffinsflanking kantharoialternate a similarbowl (P 20158)was foundin the buildingfillof the with Heraklesand Auge. Starsinside circlesbelow, birds Stoa of Attalos (P-R 6-12). Workshopof Bion. alternating with rosettes above. Rim: pairs of double M 21:1 spiralscrowned by leaves; beading; simplifiedguilloche. Ca. 225-175 Shiny black glaze, green inside; miltos. Cf. 205, 210. 172 (P 19859) Triton,mounted warrior Pls. 31, 98 Workshopof Bion. P. H. 0.063. M 21:1 Ca. 225-175 Fragmentof rim and upper wall. Wall: horseman armed with spear, shield, and helmet 168 (P 20190 a, b) Griffins;signed Pls. 31, 95 rides rightagainstTritonholdinggarlandor sling over his head. Erotes above. Rim: alternatingrosettes and leaves; P. H. (a) 0.063, (b) 0.044. Two non-joiningfragmentsof wall, with tracesof calyx pairs of double spirals; beading; simplified guilloche. Metallic grayish black glaze; miltos. The same Triton and rim pattern. between with Wall: fronds rosettes tips. (a) griffin appearson 170 and perhapson P 22954, a fragmentfrom Calyx: Nike at Between of frontal right. them, SouthStoaII buildingfill(M-N 15:1).Cf.Schwabacher,pl. facing left, part rim. 4:13. Workshopof Bion. BVj!)NOC. mask and rosette below Old-man signature Area C 17 (3rd-centurycontext) one Hind two one facing right, facing parts of griffins, b) them. Rim: left. Bird between Ca. 225-200 simplified guilloche.

FIGUREDBOWLS PI. 32 173 (P 28603) Triton, Eros on panther P. H. 0.085; est. Diam. 0.145. One fourth of rim and wall, with tip of calyx. Calyx:ferns with old-manmasks between tips. Wall:at left, small Eros on panther walkingright.At rightTriton facingrightwith spear in left hand. Traceof tail of Triton facingleft at farleft. Erotesholdingtorchesandflyingbirds above. Rim: double spirals; beading; ovolo. Dull ocher glaze. A fragmentof a bowl (P 11530) possibly from the same mold comes from E 5:2, and another similarfragment (P 20973) from Q 8-9. Workshopof Bion. P 21:4 Ca 225-175 Pls. 32, 98 174 (P 26253) Triton, Eros with bow H. 0.081; est. Diam. 0.14. One eighth preserved. Medallion: eight-petaledrosette surroundedby ridge, scrapedgroove, and beading. Calyx: row of overlapping ferns.Wall:Eros drawsbow againstTriton.Leg of running figure preserved at right. Alternating flying Erotes and birds above. Rim: pairs of double spirals crowned by leaves;beading;ovolo. Metallicblackglaze,reddishbrown on medallion; miltos. Workshopof Bion. M 18:10 Ca 225-175 PI. 32 175 (P 14186 a-c) Triton Max. p. dim. (a) 0.102; p. H. (b) 0.037, (c) 0.045. a) One fourthof calyxand partof lowerwall.b,c) Partof upper wall and rim pattern. Medallion surrounded by two ridges, the inner one scraped. Calyx: row of rounded ribbed leaves. Wall: (a) lowerbody of Tritonholdingoar,tiller,or torch,swimming right.At right,foot of dancingsatyr.Dog and harerun left below. b) Flying bird. c) Head of figurefacingleft. Flying bird above. Rim: double spirals;two ridges. Dull black glaze. For Triton cf. 262. WorkshopA. 0 20:2 Ca 225-175 P1.32 176 (P 11427) Triton, goat H. 0.079; Diam. 0.128. Two thirds of wall and rim restored. Medallion: five trefoil leaves arranged in star, surroundedby two ridges,bandof alternatingrosettesand palmettes, and beading. Calyx: row of small ferns. Wall: rampantgoat facing left; horned altar;Tritonfacing left. Another section of wallpreservesgrapevine.Erotes,birds, and rosettes in field. Rim: invertedovolo; rosettes;ovolo. Dull red glaze, brownnear rim.For shape,medallion,and grapevinecf. 69. For altar cf. 137. E 5:2 Ca 225-175

65

P1.32 177 (P 20262 a, b) Erotes on dolphins, Eros with lyre Max. p. dim. (a) 0.11; p. H. (b) 0.045. Two non-joiningsections preservingmedallion, calyx, one fourth of lower wall, part of upper wall, and rim pattern. Medallion: eight-petaledrosette surroundedby alternating small lotus leaves and ribbed petals, within ridge, scrapedgroove,and beading.Calyx:two overlappingrows of ferns. Wall: Erotes playing lyres alternate with large birdsin flight.Fishes and Erotes on dolphinsbelow. Rim: indistinct pattern; simplified guilloche bordered by beading. Thin, metallic brownish black glaze. Another bowl (P 20263) from the same mold comes from M 21:1. For Eros with lyre cf. 212. Workshopof Bion. M 21:1 Ca 225-175 P1.33 178 (P 20286) Erotes on dolphins P. H. 0.069. Fragmentof rim und upper body. Wall: antitheticalErotes on dolphins flank kantharos. Rim: beading; ovolo. Metallic black glaze; miltos. For dolphinon left cf. 171;for kantharoscf. 132. Workshopof Bion. Area Q 8 (context of first half of 2nd century) Ca 225-175 PI. 33 179 (P 12054) Dolphins, dogs, hares P. H. 0.051; max. p. dim. 0.11. Medallion,lower body, and trace of rim pattern. Medallion:AthenaParthenossurroundedby two circles of beading,scrapedgroove,and ridge.Calyx:rowof small, pointed lotus petals. Wall:six dolphins swimming right. Above them two rows of dogs, hares, and foxes running left. Rim: beading. Dull red glaze. N 20:7 Ca 225-175 PI. 33 180 (P 17027) Dolphins, piper, griffin H. 0.095; est. Diam. 0.165. Most of rim and over half of wall restored. Medallion:gorgoneionsurroundedby nimbus,beading, wavy line between ridges,and simplifiedguilloche.Wall: seated woman playing double pipe and surroundedby dolphins alternateswith griffinwalkingleft. Both figures appeartwice. Largeand small birds in field. Rim: square panels with circles inside them. Dull red to brown glaze. B 20:2 Ca 225-175 181 (P 18932) Tritoness,Dionysos on panther H. 0.075; est. Diam. 0.13. Bottom and two thirds of bowl restored.

Pls. 33,98

66

CATALOGUE

Medallionsurroundedby scrapedgrooveand ridge. Calyx:fouroverlappingrowsof roundedribbedleaves. Wall:at right,Tritonesswithlong, snakytail swimsleft, holdingoinochoein left hand,hornor shell,whichshe blows,inrighthand.OnherbackridesErosplayingdouble pipe.At left,nudeDionysosholdingthyrsosridespanther to right.Traceof Tritonessat far left. Rim:alternating with doublespiralsbetween; palmettesand fleurs-de-lis simplifiedguilloche.Shinyblackglaze;miltos.Forrimcf. 233 and Hausmann,pls. 2-9; for calyxand Tritonesscf. Hausmann,pl. 4. Cf. also Schwabacher, pl. 6:26. Hausmann'sWorkshop. C 20:2 Ca. 200

PI.34 185 (P 23629)Seamonster P. H. 0.076. Fragmentwithpartof rimpatternand upperwall. sea serpentwithcoiledbodyswims Wall:horse-headed left.Dolphinswimmingleft below,old-manmaskabove. Rim: indistinctmotif;simplifiedguilloche.Shinyblack glaze.Forsea monstercf. 184.WorkshopA. M-N 15:1 Ca 225-175 P1.34 186 (P 18664)Sea monster,goats,kraters H. 0.089;Diam.0.14. Halfof wallandrimrestored. Medallion:eight-petaledrosettesurroundedby ridge and scrapedgroove.Calyx:row of smallpointedleaves withfronds,tworowsoftriangular petals.Wall: alternating fivepairsof rampantgoatsflankingkratersalternatewith coiled sea serpents.Rim:invertedovolo;ovolo. Thick, by shinyredglazebelow,blackaboveandinside.Produced the sameshopas 15. M21:1 Ca 225-175(wornmold)

182 (P 21040)Tritoness,deathof Opheltes(?) P1.33 Max.p. dim.0.115. Medallion,mostof calyx,andone fourthof lowerwall. Medallion:ten-petaledrosette. Calyx: small ferns arrangedin imbricatetriangles.Wall:at right,Tritoness carryingoinochoeand blowinghorn swims left, Eros playingdoublepipeseatedoncoilsofhertail.Atleft,lower partof womanclutchingchildand runningleft, a large snakecoiledoverherhead.FlyingErosandfrontalNike MYTHOLOGICAL(187-237) betweenthesefigures.Metallicblackglaze;miltos.Bowls 203 and 204 also show the womanand snakebut were 187 (P 19881)Threelaborsof HeraklesPls. 34, 92, 98 H. 0.101;Diam.0.157. producedwitha differentstamp.Fromthe sameshopas 147and209;WorkshopA? Discussed:Pnyx,p. 92 underno. 2, pl. 50:A; HausH-K 12-14 mann,pp. 27, 89-92, 94, 97, pl. 64:1-3. Ca 225-175 Partsof wallrestored. Medallion: ten-petaledrosette.Calyx:one rowof small 183 (P 22127)Tritoness PI.34 ferns.Wall:dividedbylargepalmettesintothreesections, a laborof Herakles.1) KeryMax.p. dim.0.091. in eachof whichis portrayed Medallion,one thirdof calyx,andone fourthof lower neianHind(detail1):Heraklesfacingright,holdinghorns wall. of deerin hands,forcesit to its kneesby plantinghisleft Medallion:doubleeight-petaled rosettesurrounded by kneeon its back.Lionskinhangsdownhisback,the head behindhis head,the tailat his waist,the leg tworidgesandscrapedgroove.Calyx:talllotuspetalswith immediately smallleavesat base.Wall:Tritonesswithlongtailswims hangingfrom his waist. 2) Nemean Lion (detail 2): lefttowardkraterorkantharos. Brownandredglaze,black Heraklesfacingrightholdsheadof lion in his grip.Lion inside.Formedallioncf. 162. standsupwithonefooton ground,oneonHerakles' knee; AreaR 9-10 (contextof secondquarterof 2ndcentury) his tail hangsdownbetweenhis legs. 3) Gardenof the Heraklesfacesleft,reachingwithleftarmfor Ca 225-175 Hesperides: applefromtree.Serpentwoundaroundtree extendsits 184 (P 15734)Scylla,sea monster P1.34 headat levelof Herakles'waist.Herakleswearslionskin, the headvisiblebehindhis head,the tailandpawsbelow P. H. 0.07. his waist.FrontalNikaiflankfiguresof Herakles.Rim: rim of and wall. Fragment pattern upper rosettesandpalmettes;pairsof doublespirals; left at is with Wall: upper body of woman, alternating Scylla, serpent-neckeddogs' heads below, arms outspread, alternatingrosettesand palmettes.Slightlyshiny black A? holdingan objectin herlefthand.At right,horse-headed glaze;miltos.281isamoldfora similarbowl.Workshop fill D 17:5lower sea monster.Dolphinsin field above. Rim: indistinct Ca 225-175(wornmold) motif;ovolo.Shinybrownishblackglaze.Forseamonster cf. 185; for Scyllacf. Courby,p. 345, fig. 70:23. Work188 (P 23225)Heraklesandthe maresof Pls. 34, 79 shopA. Diomedes AreaL 11 (2nd-century context) P. H. 0.073. Ca 225-175

FIGUREDBOWLS Discussed:Pnyx, p. 107, underno. 120, pl. 50:C; Hausmann, p. 94, pl. 62:2. Fragmentof wall. Bearded Heraklesfacing front and looking right holds club in righthand, head of horse with left hand. Heads of two more horses visible on either side of his head. Prostratefigure of Diomedes below his feet. Wheels of chariotvisible behind his rightleg. Metallicgrayishblack glaze.A fragment(P 20997) with the same scene preserves a trace of the bull labor to the right.Cf. Watzinger,p. 65, no. 2. WorkshopA? Area 0 15-16 (Hellenistic context) Ca 225-175 189 (P 10877) Deeds of Theseus Pl. 35 P. H. 0.104; est. Diam. 0.19. Discussed: Pnyx, pp. 89-90, 107, under no. 120; Hausmann, p. 94. Half of body restored;lip missing. Medallion:double rosette with fourpetals inside, eight outside. Calyx: large fronds alternatingwith grapevines with small palmettes at base, dividing wall into four sections.Wall:each section containsone deed of Theseus, only three of which are preserved.1) Minotaur(detail 1): Theseus facingrightholds head of Minotaurwith left arm. Hero holds swordin righthandat waistlevel. 2) Prokrustes or Periphetes(detail2): Theseus stridingto rightwith right arm drawnback to strike.Opponentsits on groundfacing him, reachingup with left arm to clutch Theseus' arm or shoulder.3) MarathonianBull (detail3): Theseus wearing cloak,astridebull facingright.Swansin field.Rim:alternating rosettes and fleurs-de-lis;pairs of double spirals; tendrils bordered by beading. Lustrous black to brown glaze, metallic inside. P 18657 from M 21:1 shows the same scenes in a differentorder,and P 25986,a moldmade amphorafrom the same mold, comes from a late 3rd-to early 2nd-centurycontext. WorkshopA. D 11:4 lower fill Ca 225-175 Pls. 35, 80 190 (P 18640) Odysseus H. 0.087; est. Diam. 0.15. Discussed:Pnyx, p. 94, underno. 14;Hesperia17, 1948, pp. 160-161. Most of rim and large part of lower body restored. Plain medallion surroundedby ridge, scrapedgroove, and beading. Calyx: three rows of imbricatesmall ferns. Wall:Odysseus bound to mast of his ship, flankedon the left by hippocamp and Triton, on right by Triton. This scene appears twice. Fishes in field below, birds above. Rim: pairsof double spiralscrownedby palmettes;simplified guillocheborderedby beading.Slightlymetallicblack glaze, red on medallion.For Odysseuscf. 91,191, and 227; for rim cf. 212. Workshopof Bion. M 21:1 Ca 225-175

67

P1.35 191 (P 20273) Odysseus, Nikai, Erotes H. 0.076; Diam. 0.14. Part of medallion and half of body and rim restored. Medallion: gorgoneion surroundedby ridge, scraped groove,and beading.Calyx:row of frondswith rosettesat base. Wall (a group of four figures, probably repeated seven times): (1) Nike bending over to left; (2) Eros flying left; (3) Nike seated on rock;(4) Odysseuswearingpointed cap and short chiton. Birds below. Rim: alternating rosettesand leaves;pairsof double spirals;beading;ovolo. Thin, metallic black glaze. For Odysseus cf. 91, 190, and 227. Workshopof Bion. M 21:1 Ca 225-175 192 (P 30435) Odysseus and Philoktetes(?) P1.35 P. H. 0.042. Fragmentpreservingpartof lowerwalland tips of calyx. Calyx: acanthus leaves. Wall: at left, bearded man wearing short chiton, conical hat, and boots or leggings, seated on ground facing right.He looks up at a similarly dressedfigurewho holds a staffin his left hand. Tracesof another figure at right, moving to right. The conical hat identifies the seated figure as Odysseus; the standing figurewith staffmay be Philoktetes;cf. the silvercup from Hoby (NordiskeFortidsminderII, iii, Copenhagen 1923, pp. 124-128, pl. 9). Lustrousblackglaze. For the leaves of the calyx see 32 and Schwabacher,pl. 7:16. Hausmann's Workshop. L 19:2 shaft fill Ca 200 193 (P 28544) Rape of Persephone Pls. 36, 80, 98 H. 0.096; Diam. 0.168. Parts of wall and rim restored. Medallion:double rosette with four petals inside, eight outside, surroundedby pointedleaves. Calyx:rowof overlapping, rounded ribbed leaves with small ferns at base. Wall:(view C) four-horsechariotdrivento left by bearded Hades who holds small figureof Persephonein his arms. Hermes, wearing cloak and carrying kerykeion, leads chariot towards gate with pediment (view B), which is To left of gate, frontal figure with inscribedEYEEBO)N. short skirt, disheveled hair, plays double pipe among reeds. Chariotis followed by (view C) woman in field of flowers, walking right but turning upper body to left; woman running left (Demeter?); (view A) helmeted Athena with spear and shield walking left; Artemis wearing short chiton, drawing bow. Rim: alternating rosettes and palmettes; pairs of double spirals;jeweling; egg and dart.Shiny black glaze; miltos. Another bowl (P 28617) from the same mold was found in P 21:4. Cf. 194 and Murray,"ANew Stele fromAthens,"p. 3, fig. 2. For Artemis see Watzinger,p. 66, no. 3. For woman walkingright see terracottaaltars,on which the figure is

68

CATALOGUE

identifiedas Helen (D. B. Thompson,"HellenisticTerracottas, II C,"p. 256, nos. 19, 20). WorkshopA. P 21:4 Ca[ 225-175 194 (P 28545) Rape of Persephone Pls. 37, 94, 98 H. 0.093; Diam. 0.169. One fifth restored. Medallion:double four-petaledrosette surroundedby pointedleaves. Calyx:rowof overlapping,roundedribbed leaves with small lotus petals at base. Wall:(view A) pipe player,gate, Hermes, and chariotof Hades as in 193. The preservedfiguresfollowingthe chariotare Athena, (view B) Hekate (or Demeter) holding two torches, and Artemis. Reeds, flowers,and overturnedkalathoiin field. Rim: pairs of double spiralscrowned by palmettes flanked by dolphins;guilloche. Metallic grayish black glaze; miltos. Cf. 193 and referencescited there. For Hekate see Schwabacher, pl. 3:11, 12. WorkshopA. P21:4 Ca 225-175 PI. 37 195 (P 26150) Rape of Persephone? H. 0.088; est. Diam. 0.15. Most of lower body and one fourth of upper wall. Medallion: overlappingferns arrangedin star pattern, surroundedby scraped ridge. Calyx: fronds with bulls' heads between tips, divided from wall by ridge. Wall (groupof fourfiguresrepeatedfourtimes):(1) legless torso with short skirt (Typhon?);(2) woman kneeling to left putting flowers into basket (Persephone?);(3) woman in high-beltedchitonwith two torches,walkingleft (Demeter or Hekate?);(4) woman walkingleft. Erotes in field. Rim: antithetical dolphins; alternating old-man and slave masks.Dull red glaze, browninside.Womanwalkingright and Demeter/Hekate recallfigureson 194. For 'Typhon" cf. 164. M 18:10 Ca 225-175 PI. 37 196 (P 24817) Rape of Europa P. H. 0.045. Fragmentof wall. Europa,nude to waist,with draperyswirlingup behind her, sits sidesaddleon bull who runsto left. Lustrousblack glaze. For bull see 197. H-K 12-14 Ca 225-175 Pls. 37, 80 197 (P 25829) Rape of Europa P. H. 0.055. Fragment preserving tips of calyx and one fourth of lower wall. Calyx: pointed lotus petals. Wall: bull rearingto left, with legs of Europa visible on his back. Eros with torch

beneath bull. At left, animalrearingto right.At right,rear legs of another rampant animal. Metallic grayish black glaze. For Europa see 196. Area A-B 19-20 (late Hellenistic to early Roman context) Cac 225-175 198 (P 23894) Rape of Ganymede Pls. 38, 80 P. H. 0.073. Fragmentof upper wall and rim pattern. Wall:largeeagle enfoldingnude youth in his rightwing, flanked by small Erotes. Rim: pairs of double spirals; simplifiedguilloche. Metallic black glaze. WorkshopA. H-K 12-14 CaC225-175 199 (P 18656) Rape of Ganymede P1.38 P. H. 0.055. Fragmentof wall and tip of calyx. Calyx: large palmette and floraltendril.Wall:bearded man (Zeus) holds nude youth acrosshis body, looks back at eagle over his left shoulder.Shiny greenishblackglaze. WorkshopA. M 21:1 Ca 225-175 200 (P 23753) Rape of Ganymede, Eros on PI. 38 panther, trophy P. H. 0.085; est. Diam. 0.165. One third preserved;medallion missing. Calyx:fronds.Wall:Rape of Ganymedeas on 199;Eros on pantherridingright;woman decoratingtrophy;Rapeof Ganymede; seated woman facing right, nude to waist. Rosettes and birds below. Rim: large inverted egg and dart;three ridges. Dull greenish black glaze. For Eros on panthersee 157 and 163, possiblyproducedby a different stamp. For rim cf. 46 and 157. For nude woman cf. 203. For woman decoratingtrophy cf. 216. Class 1. P-R 6-12 Ca 175-150 Pls. 38, 81 201 (P 3662) Rape of Ganymede H. 0.09; est. Diam. 0.155. Most of medallion and three fourths of bowl restored. Medallion:gorgoneion?Calyx:two overlappingrowsof ferns. Wall: Dionysos embraced by maenad and satyr alternatingwith Rape of Ganymede and pairsof rampant goats. Rim: inverted egg and dart;convex band. Dull red to brown glaze. Area H 9 (context of mid-2nd century) Ca 175-150 (worn mold) 202 (P 14329) Rape of Ganymede, Prokne(?)

Pls. 38, 81

FIGUREDBOWLS P. H. 0.057. Rim and one third of body missing; partiallyrestored. Medallion: eight-petaled rosette surrounded by two ridgesand scrapedgroove. Calyx:rowof smallferns.Wall (alternatinglargefigures,each appearingthree times, with smallfrontalNikaibetween them): Rapeof Ganymede(as on 199-201); woman wearing peplos, one breast exposed, holdingchildabove her head as if to dashhim to the ground (Prokne?).Bird flying left in field. Metallic black glaze.A similarbowl (P 9668) comes fromthe middlefillof N 19:1. E 15:4 Ca 200-150 203 (P 24082) Prokne(?),death of Opheltes(?), PI. 39 Heraklesand Auge, trophy(?) H. 0.105; Diam. 0.18. Medallion,half of calyx and wall missing. Calyx: five rows of imbricatesmall ferns. Wall: seated nude man holdingsmall nude female figureacrosshis lap (Herakles and Auge); (view A) woman running left looking back over shoulder, clutching child in left arm, with snake archingover her (death of Opheltes?);woman seated facing right, nude to waist; silenus under tree, facing left; (view B) Herakles and Auge; legless form (trophy?)with cuirass,pleated skirt,helmet, holding staff in crookof left arm,unidentifiedobjectin righthand;(view C) Heraklesand Auge; trophy;woman holdingchild over head to fling him down (Prokne?);traces of nude seated woman and silenus.Erotes with grapes,old-manmasksin field. Rim: pairs of double spiralscrowned by palmettes; simplified guilloche. Lustrous black glaze. Cf. 204. For seated nude woman cf. 200. For death of Opheltes cf. 182, produced by a different stamp. For trophy cf. 224. WorkshopA. Area H 14 (context unknown) Ca 225-175 204 (P 28588) Prokne(?),Heraklesand Pls. 40, 98 death of Auge, Opheltes(?) H. 0.083; Diam. 0.151. Hesperia 42, 1973, p. 155, pl. 33:b. Part of rim restored. Medallion: eight-petaled rosette. Calyx: two overlappingrowsof pointed, ribbedleaves, one row of pointed lotus petals. Wall (a series of stamps repeated on either side of bowl): (view A) Herakles and Auge; death of Opheltes(?);(view B) silenus standingunder tree flanked by satyrs; Prokne(?). Rim: alternating palmettes and dolphins; guilloche. Shiny black glaze, greenish inside; miltos. Cf. 203 for silenus,deathof Opheltes,Heraklesand Auge. For anotherstamp of death of Opheltescf. 182.For satyrscf. 122. WorkshopA. P 21:4 CaC225-175

69

205 (P 20269) Heraklesand Auge PI. 40 P. H. 0.05; max. p. dim. 0.115. Noted: Pnyx, p. 93, under nos. 3, 4. Medallion, half of calyx, and one fourth of wall. Medallion: gorgoneion surroundedby ridge, scraped groove,and beading.Calyx:row of fronds.Wall:Herakles and Auge alternatingwith antitheticalrampantleopard and griffin.Birds below, Erotes and rosettes above. Rim: guilloche?Slightlymetallic greenish blackglaze. For griffins cf. 167, 168, and 210. Workshopof Bion. M 21:1 Ca 225-175 206 (P 22896) Heraklesand Auge, chariots PI. 40 P. H. 0.075. Part of rim pattern,upper wall, and tips of calyx. Calyx:frondswith Erotes between tips. Wall:Herakles and Auge flanked by chariots.Charioton right drivento rightby Eros.Charioton left drivento left by beardedman. Birdsin field. Rim:beading;smallferns.Shinyblackglaze. Workshopof Bion. M-N 15:1 Ca 225-175 207 (P 10874) Heraklesand Auge, Pls. 40, 81, 94 Nike, helmeted man H. 0.08; Diam. 0.155. Parts of rim restored. Medallion: double rosette with eight petals inside, twelve outside, surroundedby scraped groove and two ridges.Calyx:two rows of small ferns.Wall:Heraklesand Auge alternatingwith beardedman in shortchiton, cloak, and Corinthianhelmet, runningrightwithleft leg and right arm raised. Frontal Nike occasionallyinserted between figures. Rim: flowers springingfrom tendrils; simplified guilloche. Metallic black glaze; miltos. Cf. 146 for medallion and Nike. A fragment (P 22935) preservingthe helmeted man was found in the buildingfill of South Stoa II (M-N 15:1). Class 3. D 11:4 lower fill Ca 160-140 (worn mold) 208 (P 12068) Dionysiac trio, Nikai P1.41 H. 0.076; Diam. 0.127. One third of body and rim restored. Medallion: Athena Parthenos surrounded by two ridges. Calyx: three to five rows of imbricatesmall ferns. Wall: four groups of Dionysos supported by satyr and embraced by maenad (Dionysiac trio), alternatingwith antitheticalNikai flankingamphoras.Birds in field. Rim: pairs of double spirals crowned by leaves; small ferns. Metallic black glaze; miltos. Class 1. N 20:7 Ca 175-150

70

CATALOGUE

PI. 41 209 (P 26252) Dionysiac trio, Nikai H. 0.084; est. Diam. 0.145. Half missing, includingmost of medallion. Medallion:rosette surroundedby ferns.Calyx:six rows of imbricatesmallferns.Wall:frontalNikaiwith outspread wings, alternatingwith Dionysiac trio, Erotes flying left between them. Largebirdsand an Eros below. Rim: pairs of double spiralscrownedby leaves; simplifiedguilloche. Dull blackglaze; miltos. From same shop as 147 and 182; WorkshopA? M 18:10 Ca 225-175

213 (P 19882) Dionysiac trio, Apollo, PI. 41 Amymone, Rape of Ganymede H. 0.089; Diam. 0.156. One fifth of rim and upper wall restored. Medallion:gorgoneion.Calyx:row of small ferns. Wall (fourfiguresor groupsof figuresrepeatedat random):(1) Rape of Ganymede; (2) Dionysiac trio; (3) seated lyre player facing right (Apollo); (4) frontal woman carrying situla (Amymone). Dolphins in field. Rim: palm flowers; double spirals;small ferns. Dull black glaze; miltos. D 17:5 lower fill Ca 225-175

210 (P 18658) Dionysiac trio, griffins PI. 41 Restored H. 0.078; est. Diam. 0.15. Medallion and over three fourths of bowl restored. Medallionsurroundedby ridgeand beading.Calyx:row of fronds with Erotes between tips. Wall: Dionysiac trio flanked by griffins.At left, tip of wing, probablyof Nike. Birds in field. Rim: inverted ovolo; beading; ovolo. Dull blackglaze. For griffincf. 167, 168, and 205. Workshopof Bion. M 21:1 Ca 225-175

214 (P 28100) Dionysiac trio, Apollo, Leto(?), P1.42 Poseidon, Amymone H. 0.092; Diam. 0.158. Large part of wall restored. Medallion: gorgoneion surrounded by two ridges. Calyx: row of small ferns.Wall:(view C) lower registerof Eroteswith torchesalternatingwith grapeclusters,divided from upper register by inverted ovolo and rosettes between ridges. Upper register of divinities repeated in reflected order on either side: Dionysiac trio, flanked by Amymone with oinochoe, seated lyre-playing Apollo, drapedfemale with tall torch or staff (Leto?),Amymone and Poseidon with trident. Rim: pairs of double spirals crowned by palmettes. Shiny black glaze; miltos. A fragment of a bowl (P 21044) fromthe same mold wasfoundin the buildingfill of the Middle Stoa (H-K 12-14). For the medallion cf. 24. See 215 and 226 (Workshop A) for Poseidon. Workshopof Bion. F 17:4 Ca 225-175

211 (P 26037) Dionysiac trio, griffins,goats Pls. 41, 81 H. 0.096; Diam. 0.143. Fragmentsmissing. Medallion: two circles of small ferns. Calyx: row of palmettes,row of overlappingtriangularpetals with ferns between tips. Wall: rampantgoats flankingkratersalternate with largegriffinsflankingDionysiactrio.Each group appearstwice. Erotes with torches in field. Rim: pairs of double spiralscrownedby palmettes.Metallicblackglaze, brown on medallion. O 17:5 Ca 200-150 (worn mold) 212 (P 28537) Dionysiac trio, musical Pls. 41, 82 centaurs,and Erotes H. 0.083; Diam. 0.138. One fourth of body and most of rim restored. Medallion: eight-petaledrosette surroundedby small rounded leaves and ribbed leaves, within ridge, scraped groove, and beading.Calyx: four rows of imbricatesmall ferns. Wall: Dionysiac trio repeated four times, flanked alternatelyby centaursand flyingErotes, all playinglyres or double pipes. Birdsin field. Rim:pairsof double spirals crowned by palmettes; simplified guilloche borderedby beading. Dull brown glaze; miltos. For Eros with lyre cf. 177; for rim cf. 190. Workshopof Bion. P 21:4 CaC225-175

215 (P 17511) Dionysiac trio, Apollo, Poseidon P1.42 P. H. 0.089; Diam. 0.156. Half of rimand three fourthsof body,includingbottom, restored. Calyx: alternating floral tendrils and lotus petals, divided from wall by ridge. Wall: divinities interspersed among floral tendrils, leaves, and Erotes. Preservedare Apollo playinglyre, seated facing rightwith thymiaterion before him;Poseidonwithouttrident,perhapsintendedas worshipper;traces of Dionysiac trio one fourth of way aroundbowl. Erotesin field. Rim: alternatingrosettesand palmettes;beading.Lustrousblackglaze; miltos. See 214 (Workshopof Bion) and 226 for Poseidon. WorkshopA. B 20:7 Ca 225-200 Pls. 43, 82 216 (P 28608) Dionysiac trio, Apollo, Amymone, satyrs H. 0.093; Diam. 0.158. One third of rim and parts of body restored.

FIGUREDBOWLS Medallion:eight-petaled rosettesurrounded by leaves, within two ridges with two scrapedg betweenthem. Calyx:12 rowsof imbricatesmall Wall(divinitiesrepeatedin same orderon either Amymoneand Poseidon;womanwalkingrightca wreath in raised right hand; Poseidon with tl perhapsintendedas a reveler,extendsrightarmtc her;Dionysiactrio;lyre-playing Apollo;twosatyrss left.Rim:palmettesflankedby dolphins;pairsof ( spirals; jeweling;egganddart.Shinyblackglaze;mi contextof thesecondquarterof the2ndcenturycon anotherbowl(P22128)fromthesamemold.Forsat 122.Forwomanwithwreathcf. 200.WorkshopA P 21:4 Ca 225-175

Medallion:headof AthenaParthenossurroundedby cable,scrapedgroove,andridge.Calyx:twooverlapping rowsof smallferns.Wall:two singlelargefigurespreserved.At left, nudemalewith staffor thyrsosoverleft shoulder,wearingnebrisdiagonallyacrossbody, leans withrightarmon pillarorherm(Dionysos).Panthersitsat his left. At right,womanwearinghigh-beltedchitonand cloak,withrightbreastexposed,standswithrighthandon hip, left handon trunkof tree,underwhichshe stands. Rim:bulls'headsborderedby beading.Metallicblackto brownglaze,browninside.Cf.227(Dionysos);Courby,p. 342, fig. 69:1, 2 (Dionysosand meanad).Bowlmadein brokenmold(cf. 261). H-K 12-14 Ca 225-175

217 (P 25929)Apollo,woman P. H. 0.056. Fragmentof wallwithtipsof calyx. ribbedleavesandlotusbuds. Calyx:alternating Apollowithlyreat left.Drapedwomanwalkingrigl headbowedat right.At farright,tracesof wingand Eros.Shinyblackglaze.WorkshopA. AreaR 20 (contextunknown) Ca 225-175?

218 (P 20964)ApolloandLeto Max.p. dim.0.116. Medallionand one eighthof lowerwall. Medallion:gorgoneion surroundedby ridge scrapedgroove.Calyx:rowof small,roundedlotus with four largeacanthusleaves dividingwall int sections.Wall:in one sectionare preservedApol Leto, probablyrepeatedin the oppositesection. below.Metallicblackglaze;miltos.For medallio compositioncf. P 402:ThompsonC 18 andMetzg ! 122.Forcompositioncf. 223 and224.Workshop Q 8-9 Ca. 225-175

219 (P 18655)Amymone,Leto H. 0.055;Diam.0.083. Partsof walland rimrestored. Indistinctmedallionsurrounded by ridgeand s( groove.Calyx:rowof roundedlotuspetals.Wall:a tingfiguresofAmymoneandLetowithwreathsanc sometimesinsertedbetweenthem.Rim:invertedel withan occasionalrosette.Shin) dart,interspersed glaze;miltos. M 21:1 Ca 225-175(wornmold) 220 (P 22812)Dionysosandmaenad H. 0.085;est. Diam.0.17. Medallionand one fourthof bowl.

71

P1.43

221 (P 19983)Maenad? PI.43 P. H. 0.044. Fragmentof wall. Womanwearinghigh-beltedgarmentand stole with swallow-tailed ends stridesright,her left armextended, herrighthandon her hip.Lustrousblackglaze. AreaD 16 (2nd-century context) Ca. 225-175?

222 (P 24237)Silenus,Amymone PI.43 P. H. 0.035. Fragmentof wall. Silenusstandswithlegscrossed,facingleft,withdrapery Leftarmbehindback,rightarmleaningon overshoulders. tree trunk.At right,Amymone.At left, rampantgoat facingleft. Shiny blackglaze, metallicbrownishblack inside. AreaO-P 15-16 (Romanor latercontext) Ca. 200-150

PI.43 223 (P 21041a, b) Dionysos,nudewoman P. H. (a) 0.08, (b) 0.064. Non-joiningsectionspreservingone fourthof rim,one thirdof upperbody. Calyx:largeacanthusleaves,dividingwallintosections. Wall:in one section,Dionysos,nude to waist,carrying whipin righthand,ridesrighton panther.At right,in anothersection,womannudeto waistbendstowardsome objectat right.Eachfigureprobablyappearedtwice.Goat masksflankfigures;swansin field.Rim:flowerspringing fromtendrilsflankedby dolphins;simplifiedguilloche. Slightlyshiny,mottledredto brownglaze.ForcomposiA? tioncf.218,224,andP 402:ThompsonC 18.Workshop H-K 12-14 (disturbedportionof fill) Ca. 225-175

224 (P 6764)Artemisandfawn, Pls.44, 83, 94 trophy(?) H. 0.085;Diam.0.143. Largepartsof bodyand rimrestored.

72

CATALOGUE

Medallion: eight-petaled rosette. Calyx: ferns with swans on tips, boukraniabetween tips, alternatewith four large acanthus leaves, dividing wall into four sections. Wall: each section has one large figure. These alternate between Artemis leaning on post at her right, looking down to left and stretchingher left arm out to fawn, and legless form (trophy?)with cuirass,skirt,helmet, holding staff in one arm, unidentified object in other. Goat masksflankfigures.Rim:alternatingrosettesand Rhodian roses;pairsof double spirals.Dull blackglaze;miltos. For compositioncf. 218 and 223; forArtemiscf. 225 and P 402: Thompson C 18; for trophy cf. 203. WorkshopA? F 13:3 Ca 225-175 Pls. 44, 83 225 (P 23069) Artemis, Dionysiac trio, Amymone, Demeter(?) H. 0.076; est. Diam. 0.145. Full profile;one sixth of rim and body. Medallion: eight-petaled rosette surrounded by two ridges and scraped groove. Calyx: alternatingferns and lotus buds. Wall:Dionysiactrio,Amymone, Artemiswith fawn, draped frontal figure with staff in left hand (Demeter?), Dionysiac trio, woman walking left. Rosettes between figures.Rim: pairsof double spiralscrownedby leaves, convex band.Metallicbrownishblackglaze,red on medallion, black inside; miltos. For Artemis cf. 224. For Demeter cf. 226. WorkshopA. M-N 15:1 Ca 225-175 226 (P 23745) Poseidon and Demeter(?) PI. 44 P. H. 0.085. Fragmentpreservingpartof upperwalland rimpattern. Wall:at left, frontalmale with draperyaroundhips, right arm outstretched, as Poseidon, but without trident. At right,drapedfrontalfigurewearingpolos, holding staffor torch in left hand - possibly Demeter. Rim: pairs of double spirals crowned by leaves; ovolo bordered by beading.Dull brownishblackglaze. Cf. 214 (Workshopof Bion) and 215 for Poseidon;cf. 225 and Courby,p. 345, fig. 70:17 for Demeter. WorkshopA. Area H 14 (Hellenistic context) Ca. 225-175 227 (P 26076) Dionysos, Herakles,Athena Pls. 44, 84 H. 0.084; Diam. 0.143. Fragmentsof body and one fifth of rim missing. Medallion:gorgoneion surroundedby scrapedgroove and ridge.Calyx:row of ferns.Wall(five stampsrepeated on either side of bowl): (1) Herakles leaning with right hand on club, lion skin wrappedaround left arm, which hangs down at side; (2) Athena in high-beltedpeplos and helmet, shield at left side; (3) Dionysos wearingcloak or nebris, staff in left arm, leaning on pillar with panther

beside him; (4) Pegasos flying left; (5) Odysseus wearing shortchiton.Erotes in field between figures.Rim:Erotes; birds.Dull brownishblackglaze;miltos. For Dionysos cf. 220; for Odysseus cf. 190 and 191. 0 17:7 Ca. 200-150 (worn mold) PI. 44 228 (P 30363 a, b) Hermes est. Diam. 0.14. P. H. (a) 0.083, (b) 0.045; Two non-joiningsections preservingone sixth of rim and upper wall. Wall: fronds of calyx flanked by figures of Hermes wearing cap, cloak, and winged boots and carryingkerykeion.At right,Nike flyingright.Kantharoibelow,rosettes above. Rim: alternatingsmallerand largerferns; pairsof double spirals;ovolo. Dull grayishblackglaze. Workshop of Bion. M 21:1 Ca. 225-175 PI. 44 229 (P 21050) Athena P. H. 0.045. Fragmentof wall. Helmeted, drapedwoman facingrightcarriesshield on left arm. Lustrous black glaze. Cf. Courby,fig. 80:10; S. Weinberg, "Corinthian Relief Ware: Pre-Hellenistic Period,"Hesperia23, 1954,p. 136,pi. 33: d; Pagenstecher, Expedition Ernst von Sieglin II, iii, pl. 20. H-K 12-14 Cca 225-175 P1.44 230 (P 27715) Cassandra P. H. 0.061. Medallion, one fourth of calyx, and fragmentsof wall. Medallion:double nine-petaledrosette surroundedby three ridges and scraped groove. Calyx: four rows of acanthus leaves, rosettes between tips of top row, set off fromwall by ridge.Wall:female figure,nude to waist,rests rightknee on pedestaland raisesleft armas she embraces statue of Athena. Traceof tendrilsat right.Red and brown glaze.Cf. Siebert,Recherchessur les ateliers,M 10, p. 350, pl. 23; M 32, M 33, M 39, pp. 352-353, pl. 26 (fromArgos). The same figureoccurson a pair of terracottaaltarsfrom the Agora, D. B. Thompson, "HellenisticTerracottas,II C," nos. 19, 20. Area N 16 (early 2nd-centurycontext) Ca[ 225-175 PI. 45 231 (P 14290) Figures P. H. 0.057. Rim and most of upper body missing. Medallion: six-petaled rosette with trefoils between petals, surrounded by two ridges and scraped groove. Calyx: row of fronds. Wall:large grapevinespringsfrom calyx, dividingwall into sections. At right of vine, nude

FIGUREDBOWLS male seated beside tripod,right hand on head (Apollo?). At left of vine, draped female. Birds above, hares and hounds below. Lustrousgrayishblackglaze;miltos. Same stamps used in medallions of 63 and 118. WorkshopA? N 20:7 Ca 225-175 232 (P 22978) Partiallydrapedfigure, P1.45 Rape of Ganymede P. H. 0.07. Half of medallion and one fourth of body. Medallion: rosette. Calyx: row of small ferns. Wall: partiallydrapedfigurefacingrightwith left foot restingon a stone, right elbow restingon left knee. On either side of figure,Rape of Ganymede.Erotes in field.Rim:simplified guilloche. Metallic red and brown glaze. H-K 12-14 Ca 225-175 233 (P 20484) Amazonomachy Pls. 45, 84, 98 P. H. 0.085. Fragmentpreservingone sixth of wall and part of rim. Calyx:tips of acanthusleaves with lilies between them. Wall: nude hoplite with cloak, helmet, shield, and sword advances to right. Behind him are traces of forelegs of horse. At right,Amazon wearingshort chiton rides right, looking backat hoplite and raisingswordover head. Rim: alternatingpalmettes and fleurs-de-lis;pairs of double spirals;beading;egg and dart.Lustrousblackglaze;miltos. For rim cf. 181 and Hausmann,pls. 2-9. For Amazon cf. Hausmann,pl. 2:1. Cf. also Courby,p. 347, fig. 71:28b, n. Hausmann'sWorkshop. Purchasedin Athens (1935) Ca. 200 234 (P 25413) Amazonomachy Pls. 45, 84 P. H. 0.068. Part of lower wall and calyx. Calyx: fronds. Wall: three single combats between Greeks and Amazons. At left are preservedleft leg, arm, and scabbardof Greek attackingfallenAmazon (missing) to left. In center, Greek with shield on rightattacksfallen Amazon holding bow, facing left. At right are preserved left foot and cloak of Greek attacking fallen Amazon (missing)to right.Darkgrayclay (misfired),very darkgray glaze. Cf. Courby, p. 347, fig. 71:28f-h; Walters,op. cit. (footnote 39, p. 22 above), p. 252, G 98, from Athens. D-E 8-9:1 Ca 225-175 Pls. 45, 84 235 (P 23039) Amazonomachy P. H. 0.086. One third of upper body and small part of rim. Calyx:alternatinglotus petals and ferns.Wall:in center an Amazon wearingshort,high-beltedchiton,armedwith

73

lunate shieldand spear.She is attackedfromleft by hoplite with cloak, cuirass,short chiton, helmet, and spear, and from right by nude swordsmanwearingcloak.At far left and right,hoplite with cloak,cuirass,shortchiton,helmet, and spear attacksto right. Rim: rosettes; double spirals; egg and dart.Lustrousblack glaze. For hoplite at far left and rightcf. P 4101: ThompsonC 20. For Amazon cf. 236. M-N 15:1 Ca 175-150 (worn mold) 236 (P 13685) Amazonomachy,Eros on Pls. 45, 85 panther H. 0.082; est. Diam. 0.14. Half of bowl, with full profile preserved;restored. Medallion: eight-petaledrosette. Calyx: four rows of imbricatesmallferns.Wall:pairsof ridersand figuresfighting on foot, flankingkantharoi.Figuresinclude horseman riding left; warrior wearing cloak, seen from behind; Amazonarmedwithshieldand spear,wearingshortchiton and boots; Eros on panther riding right. Rim: leaves; double spirals;simplifiedguilloche. Dull red glaze, black near rim; miltos. For Amazon cf. 235. G 5:3 Ca 175-150 237 (P 22192 a, b) Figures PI. 45 P. H. (a) 0.049, (b) 0.04; est. Diam. 0.155. Two non-joiningsections preservingmedallion, calyx, part of lower wall, and one fourth of rim. Medallion: gorgoneion. Calyx: triangulargroups of imbricateferns. Wall (three repeatingfigures):in middle, nude, frontal man with right arm drawnback as though throwing,left arm wrappedin cloak;at left, drapedfigure; at right, drapedwoman runningleft. Rim: double spirals; pendent small, roundedribbedleaves. Dull grayishblack glaze; miltos. For medallion, calyx, and woman running left cf. P 406: Thompson C 19. Q-R 10-11:1 Ca 200-150 HUNTING (238-272)

PI. 46 238 (P 28535) Hunt H. 0.083; Diam. 0.141. Hesperia 42, 1973, p. 155, pl. 33:c. Fragmentsmissing; restored. Medallion: small, hatched eight-petaled rosette surroundedby scrapedridge and beading. Calyx: row of triangular,hatched leaves from which spring tall fronds dividing wall into six sections. Wall: one figure in each section, alternatelyleopardleaping rightand hunterstriding left, with spear,helmet, and shield.Pairsof Nikaiflanking old-man masks above. Rim: pairs of double spirals crownedby leaves; beading;ribbedovolo. Metallicgreenish glaze. For Nikai cf. P 2432, P 404: Thompson C 21, C

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CATALOGUE

22. Two fragments of similar bowls (P 20264, P 20265) come from M 21:1. Workshopof Bion. P 21:4 Ca 225-175 P1.46 239 (P 23630) Hunt P. H. 0.045. Fragmentof upper wall and lower part of rim pattern. Wall:feline leaping righttowardsman with shield who faces left. At right,man with shieldwalksright.Rim:indistinct motif; simplified guilloche. Metallic grayish black glaze. Cf. Braun, no. 131 for man facing left. M-N 15:1 Ca 200-150 Pls. 46, 92 240 (P 18642) Hunt, Artemis and stag H. 0.081; Diam. 0.147. Small parts restored. Medallion: head of Athena Parthenos surroundedby two ridges,scrapedgroove, and ridge.Calyx:four rows of imbricatesmall ferns.Wall:Artemis in high-beltedchiton stands beside stag with large antlers (detail 1); boar with dog on back facing right, attackedfrom behind by nude spearman,fromin frontby horsemanwearingcloak(detail 2); man with club standingbehind man with spear;nude figure moving right; boar group and pair consisting of spearmanand man with club repeated.Dogs and Erotesin field. Rim: pairs of double spirals crowned by leaves; rosettes. Lustrous black glaze; miltos. For horseman cf. 241; for spearman,man with club cf. 265. Workshopof Bion. M 21:1 Ca 225-175

frontally;Erosand dog repeated;dog on backof fallenstag. Birds in field. Alternatingswans and slave masks below. Rim: pairs of double spirals crowned by palmettes; beading; band of alternating'crosshatchingand chevrons separatedby panels with birds flying left; beading. Dull brown glaze. For running stag cf. 244; for Eros and lion cf. 243; for rim cf. Braun, no. 140. A fragmentof a bowl (P 16210)fromthe same mold comes fromthe upperfill of N 21:4. Workshopof Bion. F 17:4 Ca 225-175 243 (P 28538) Hunt Pls. 48, 85, 98 H. 0.10; Diam. 0.169. Part of rim and wall restored. Medallion: rosette surroundedby small ferns, within ridge and beading with scraped groove between them. Calyx: two rows of fronds, with swans at base, old-man masks between tips. Wall (three groups):(1) stag leaping right,lookingbackat hound on his back;(2) lion running right with spear through neck, attacked from front by mounted spearman, from behind by spearman with helmet, cuirass, and cloak; (3) Eros with sling and dog chasing hare, all running right. (2) and (3) are repeated. Birds above. Rim: pairs of double spirals crowned by palmettes;beading;alternatingbirdsand old-manmasks; beading. Metallic black glaze. For spearman cf. P 4101: Thompson C 20. A small fragmentof a bowl (P 22941) from the same mold was found in the South Stoa II building fill (M-N 15:1), and a piece of a similarbowl (P 23781) was found in the Stoa of Attalos buildingfill (P-R 6-12). Workshopof Bion. P 21:4 Ca 225-175

P1.46 241 (P 17028) Hunt P. H. 0.072; est. Diam. 0.14. Pls. 48, 98 244 (P 18643) Stag One sixth of wall and calyx. est. Diam. P. H. 0.17. 0.096; Calyx: pyramidally arranged, imbricate small ferns. Fragmentof rim and upper wall. Wall:in center,horsemanridingleft. On eitherside of him, Stag with arrowin neck runs right, looking back, with animal runningrightattackedby hound. Rim: alternating rosettes and palmettes(?);pairs of double spirals;simpli- dog runningrightbelow him. At right,mounted spearman fied guilloche; pendent small, rounded ribbed leaves. ridingright.Birdsand arrowabove. Rim: dotted running Mottled red to brownglaze, red inside. For the horseman spiral;two rows of beading;dotted egg and dart;beading. Metallic brownish black glaze. For stag cf. 242, 245, and cf. 162; cf. also 240. Workshopof Bion? 246. An uninventoriedfragment with the same unusual B 20:2 rim pattern was found in the upper fill of N 21:4. Ca 225-175 Workshopof Bion. M 21:1 Pls. 47, 98 242 (P 28098) Hunt Ca 225-175 H. 0.09; Diam. 0.15. Small parts restored. PI. 48 Medallion:gorgoneionsurroundedby jeweled lozenges 245 (P 22889) Hunt dim. 0.123. max. P. H. ferns. imbricate small p. 0.062; and scrapedridge.Calyx:six rowsof Medallion, one third of lower wall, and trace of rim Wall: (view A) Eros with sling stridingright;dog leaping right; leopard leaping right; stag running right; lion pattern. Medallion: Athena Parthenos surrounded by cable, runningright;horsemanwith axe gallopingleft; (view B) warriorwith cuirass, helmet, spear, and shield standing scrapedgroove, and cable. Calyx:three rows of imbricate

FIGUREDBOWLS small ferns. Wall: lower legs of lion with spear in throat leapingright;Eros holdingspearhorizontallyacrossbody, facingleft; man with backturnedto viewer,head turnedto right, wearing petasos, cloak wrappedaround right arm, spear in left hand; stag leaping right,looking back. Dogs, Erotes and birds in field. Rim: beading. Metallic black glaze; miltos. Very similarto 246 but not from the same mold. For stag cf. 244. Workshopof Bion. M-N 15:1 Ca 225-175 246 (P 12012) Hunt P1.49 P. H. 0.087; est. Diam. 0.145. Three fourths restored,including bottom. Calyx: tips of pointed leaves preserved. Wall: at left, Eros with spear attacks stag running left. At right, dog chases lion to right. Rim: alternatingswans and rosettes; pairs of double spirals; simplified guilloche; beading. Metallic black glaze. For stag cf. 244. Very similarto 245. Workshopof Bion. N 20:7 Ca 225-175 247 (P 17512) Hunt Pls. 49, 98 Restored H. 0.09; est. Diam. 0.155. Fragments amounting to one sixth of wall and rim preserved;restored. Wall: (detail 1) swordsmanwearingcloak, stridingleft, attackslargeanimalfleeing left; sectionmissing;mounted spearmanwearingcloak rides rightagainststag facingleft (detail 2), with hunter attackingstag from right; section missing;mounted spearmanridingright;section missing; mounted spearmanridingright;section missing.Running dogs in field. Rim: pairs of double spirals crowned by palmettes flanked by dolphins;jeweling; guilloche. Dull brown to black glaze; miltos. Cf. 248-250. Cf. Braun, pl. 81:1 for the firsthorseman,and pl. 81:3 (fromthe same mold) for the second and thirdhorsemen.Two other fragments (P 75, P 85) from the same mold were found in H 6:9. WorkshopA. B 20:7 Ca 225-175 Pls. 50, 98 248 (P 28612) Hunt H. 0.093; est. Diam. 0.155. Over half of rim and large parts of wall restored. Medallion: eight-petaled rosette. Calyx: four rows of imbricatelotus petals,a rowof lilies at top. Wall:two boars run left, (view A) the first attackedfrom behind by two hunters wearing cloaks (one with back to viewer), (view B) the second attackedfrom the front by horseman and from behind by hunterwearingcloak.To right,horseman repeated. Dogs and hares in field. Rim: alternating palmettes and fleurs-de-lis;pairs of double spirals;jeweling; guilloche. Metallic black glaze; miltos. For the

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horsemancf. 247, and Braun,pl. 81:3 and no. 130; for the hunterwith back to viewer cf. Courby,p. 347, fig. 71:29a; for boar and his attackercf. 250 and 271; for dogs, hares, medallion cf. 159. Cf. also 251. WorkshopA. P 21:4 Ca 225-175 249 (P 10875) Hunt Pls. 49, 86 H. 0.078; Diam. 0.147. One fourth of body and rim restored. Medallion: small rosette surroundedby two scraped grooves with ridge between them. Calyx: five rows of imbricatesmall ferns. Wall: Eros with spear moving left againstfleeinganimal;mounted spearmanridingrightand swordsmanfacing left converge on stag; section missing; boar running left. Dogs in field. Rim: alternating boukraniaand rosettes. Metallic black glaze; miltos. Cf. 247 for swordsman attacking stag and for mounted spearman.WorkshopA. D 11:4 lowerfill Ca 225-175 (worn mold) 250 (P 18645) Hunt PI. 50 Max. p. dim. 0.10. One fourth of calyx and lower wall. Medallion surrounded by two ridges and scraped groove. Calyx: row of overlappingfronds and acanthus with ferns between tips. Wall:lion crouchingleft attacked by hunter wearing cloak and armed with axe; legs of another hunter; hare and boar running left, attacked by hunter who stands behind boar. Metallic black glaze; miltos. Cf. 247, 248, 251, and P 4029: Thompson C 49. WorkshopA. M 21:1 Ca 225-175 251 (P 14287) Hunt P1.50 Max. p. dim. 0.077. Fragmentof calyx and lower wall. Calyx: four rows of imbricatelotus petals, alternating with small ferns in top row. Wall: large boar runs left, attackedby hunter;hunterwearingcloakstridesright towardslion, which crouches toward left. Dogs in field. Matt black glaze. Cf. 248 and 250. For lion cf. P 4029: Thompson C 49. WorkshopA. N 20:7 Ca 225-175 Pls. 50, 98 252 (P 28592) Hunt H. 0.097; Diam. 0.17. Full profile and one third of bowl. Medallion:double rosette with four petals inside, eight outside. Calyx: nine rows of imbricatelotus petals, with a few grassyshoots springingfromtop. Wall:largeboarand small hare run left pursued by mounted spearmanand

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CATALOGUE

three dogs.At right,Erosand two dogsattackhareand lion running left. Rim: alternatingrosettes and fleurs-de-lis; pairsof double spirals;two rowsof jeweling; egg and dart. Metallicblackglaze;miltos.ForEroscf.Pnyx, no. 16.Fragments of a similarbowl (P 19720) were found in P 10:2. WorkshopA. P 21:4 Ca 225-175 253 (P 28610) Hunt Pls. 51, 98 H. 0.079; Diam. 0.154. Part of rim and one fourth of body restored. Medallion:doublefour-petaledrosette.Calyx:two rows of ferns, from which springtwo grapevines,dividingwall into two slightlyunequal parts.Wall, side A: at top, large boar and two hares run left; at left, Eros holding spear walksright;below, small boarand five dogs scatteredover field. Side B: at right,largeboarrunsleft; five dogsand one hare below in field. Rim: jeweling; palmettes flanked by dolphins;guilloche.Metallicblackglaze;miltos.Forrimcf. 18. WorkshopA. P 21:4 Ca. 225-175 254 (P 11430) Hunt P1.51 P. H. 0.081; est. Diam. 0.15. One fifth of upper body and small part of rim. Wall: Eros holding spear strides right following longtailed lion which is leaping right. At left, traces of figure, probablycentaurplaying trumpet. Alternatingbirds and Erotes above. Rim: pairs of double spirals crowned by leaves; beading;ovolo. Reddish brownglaze. For centaur playing trumpet cf. 130. Workshopof Bion? E 5:2 Ca 225-175 255 (P 11425) Hunt P1.51 H. 0.067; est. Diam. 0.13. Full profileand one fourthof bowl preserved;restored. Medallion: small rosette surrounded by alternating rosettes and old-man masks, within three ridges, two of them scraped.Calyx: five rows of imbricatesmall ferns, bounded at top by ridge. Wall: two sections of wall preserved.Eros with spear between two rearingleopards, all facing right (view A). Three birds and small Eros in field, two hares below. Two dogs run right after large animal (view B). One hare runsleft. Rosettes below. Rim: alternatingrosettes and palmettes; widely spaced double spirals.Dull reddish brown glaze. Workshopof Bion? E 5:2 Ca 225-175 256 (P 20969) Hunt P. H. 0.067; est. Diam. 0.17. One sixth of rim and upper body.

P1.52

Wall: upper body of frontalEros holding spear across body. To right,traceof an animal(?).Rim: repeatinglotus buds, swans,and slave masks;pairsof double spirals;kore masks. Slightlymetallic black glaze; miltos. Q 8-9 Ca 225-175 257 (P 4597 a-c) Hunt PI. 52 Max. p. dim. (a) 0.124; p. H. (b) 0.047, (c) 0.037. Three non-joining fragments preserving medallion, most of calyx, and parts of wall. Medallion: eight-petaled rosette. Calyx: alternating palmettes and fronds.Wall:figurestridingright,probably Eros, holds spear braced against attack of boar. Boar preservedon c. The scene wasprobablyrepeatedfive or six times. Metallic grayishblack glaze. Area G 13 (context unknown) Ca 225-175 258 (P 19225) Hunt P1.52 P. H. 0.075. Half of medallion and one sixth of body preserved; partiallyrestored. Medallion: eight-petaled rosette. Calyx: two rows of ferns with small ferns at base. Wall:Eros with spear striding left. At right,animalleaping right.Birdsbelow. Rim: indistinct design; large simplified guilloche. Shiny black glaze. Area D 17 (2nd-centurycontext) Ca 200-150 259 (P 23627) Hunt PI. 52 P. H. 0.048. Fragmentof rim and upper body. Wall:Erosstridesrightholdingspearhorizontallyacross body. Rim: small egg and dart.Shiny black glaze; miltos. For rim cf. 270. Area O-P 16 (late 3rd- to early 2nd-centurycontext) Ca 225-175 Pls. 52, 86 260 (P 18650) Hunt H. 0.081; est. Diam. 0.135. Full profilepreserved;over halfof rimand largepartsof wall restored. Medallion:plain,surroundedby scrapedgroove.Calyx: seven rows of imbricatesmall ferns. Wall: divided in two by grapevinesflankedby rampantgoats.Side A: Eroswith sling facingright,two dogs runningright,section missing. Side B: partsof same figures,perhapsthe wing of an Eros at right. Swans below, birds above. Rim: pairs of double spirals crowned by palmettes; simplified guilloche between beading;cable.Dull blackglaze.Possiblymade in mold 312. Workshopof Bion. M 21:1 Ca 225-175

FIGUREDBOWLS PI.52 261 (P 22855)Hunt P. H. 0.061. Medallion,calyx,andonethirdof bodyandrimpattern. Medallion:AthenaParthenoswithintwo ridgesand scrapedgroove.Calyx:six rowsof imbricatesmallferns. Wall:(viewA) hindlegs of dogleapingleft;Erosstriding rightholdingslingor branch;(viewB) dogleapingright; felineleapingright;dogleapingright.Birdsabove.A diagonalreliefline behindthe felineshowsthatthe bowlwas madein a brokenmold(cf. 220).Workshopof Bion? AreaH-P 12-15 (contextunknown) Ca 225-175?

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265 (P 19936)Hunt P1.53 Max.p. dim.0.10. Medallion,mostof calyx,andonefourthof lowerbody. Medallion: rosette.Calyx:twoto threerows ten-petaled of imbricatesmallferns.Wall:cloakedmanwitha club, anotherfigure;frontalNike;Erosrunningright; attacking animalattackedby hound;man wearingcloakattacking anotherfigure.Rim:pairsof doublespirals;alternating pendentleavesand rosettes.Dull blackglaze.For man attackingwithclubcf. 240;foranimalattackedby hound cf. 241. D 17:5upperfill Ca 200-150

262 (P 23608)Huntwithmythological figures PI.53 P. H. 0.069. Medallionand one fourthof bodyand rimpattern. Medallion:eight-petaledrosette surroundedby two ridgesand scrapedgroove.Calyx:two to four rowsof imbricatesmall ferns.Wall:Nike holdingswag,flying right;drapedwomanwalkingright,headturnedback,left arm to head; Eros with sling walkingright;Amazon wearingboots and shortchiton,attackingto rightwith tilleroroar,movingright; spearandshield;Tritoncarrying of legs figuremovingright;leg of figuremovingleft.Rim: doublespirals;simplifiedguilloche;pendentsmallferns. Metallicgrayishblackglaze.For Tritoncf. 175.Nike is similarto thaton 144butsmallerandcoarser.Forwoman walkingrightcf. 193. P-R 6-12? Ca 200-150

266 (P 19092)Hunteron feline PI.53 P. H. 0.038. Fragmentof wall. Smallfigureridingrighton felineholdsbarbedspear readyto throw.Rim:beading.Gritty,shinyblackglaze. AreaA-D 14-17 (contextunknown) Ca 225-175

267 (P 18644)Hunt:stagandfeline PI.53 P. H. 0.053. Fragmentof wall. Fallenspottedstagfacesright,looksbackat dogon his back.Belowhim dogrunsright.To left,largefelineruns right.Birdsin field.SmallErotes,koremask,and swan below.Thin,metallicblackglaze.Workshopof Bion. M 21:1 Ca 225-175

P1.53 263 (P 28602)Huntwithidyllicscenes H. 0.076;est. Diam.0.14. Fullprofileand one fourthof bowl. Medallion:gorgoneion surroundedby ridge and beadingwithscrapedgroovebetweenthem.Calyx:rowof fronds.Wall:antitheticalcocksflankingrosette.To left, Eros with bow walkingright.To right,Eroswith sling runningleft.Rosettes,birds,andErotesabove.Rim:pairs of doublespiralscrownedbyleaves;ovolo.Metallicbrown to red glaze.Verysimilarin shape,glaze,and textureto 152.Workshopof Bion. P 21:4 Ca 225-175

268 (P 24035a, b) Hunt:stag PI.53 Max.p. dim.(a) 0.106;p. H. (b) 0.042. a) Mostof medallionandhalfof calyx.b) Fragmentof wall. Medallion:gorgoneion. Calyx:tworowsof smallferns, one row of lotus petals with palmettesbetween tips, dividedfromwallby two ridges.Wall:largespottedstag crouchesto rightwhiledog attacksits back.Shinyblack glaze.A fragmentofa bowl(P26185)fromthesamemold was foundat L 17, among4th-centuryand Hellenistic pottery.Cf. Braun,pl. 80:3. AreaH-I (Hellenisticto earlyRomancontext) Ca 225-175

PI.53 264 (P 22845)Hunt 269 (P 19796)Hunt:stag P. H. 0.053;est. Diam.0.11. P1.53 rim and P. H. of 0.028. upperbody. Fragment Wall:Eroswithbowfacesright,pursuinglargeanimal Fragmentof wallwithtraceof rimpattern. Head of stag facingleft, probablyturnedbackover withlongfringedtail,fleeingto right.Arrowsinfieldbelow shoulder.Rim:cable.Metallicblackglaze. animal'slegs. Rim:ridge.Shinyblackglaze. AreaR 10 (early2nd-century H-K 12-14 context) Ca 225-175

Ca 225-175

78

CATALOGUE

PI. 53 270 (P 20928) Hunt: stag P. H. 0.05. Fragmentof upper wall and rim. Wall: head and forelegs of spotted stag leaping right, looking back over shoulder. Rim: small egg and dart. Metallic black glaze. For rim cf. 259. Q 8-9 Ca 225-175 271 (P 20946) Hunt: boar PI. 54 Max. p. dim. 0.072. Webster,"GreekDramaticMonuments,"C 26, p. 284 (masks). Fragmentof upper wall and rim pattern. Wall:boarwith spearin backleaps left. Rim:lotus buds between alternatingslave and koremasks.Metallicgrayish black glaze. For a similarboar cf. 248. Q 8-9 Ca 225-175 P1.54 272 (P 21624) Hunt: boar P. H. 0.058. Fragmentof wall. Wall:on a groundline of two ridgeslarge boar charges right,with spearheadat his throat.Behind him, forefeetof dog(?). Slightlymetallic black glaze. Provenanceand context unknown Ca 225-175 MOLDS FIGURED (273-281) 273 (P 17596) Krater,goat mask, Hermes P1.54 P. H. 0.057. Fragmentof wall. Calyx:tips of two triangularpetals preserved,with large acanthusleaf at right.Wall:ribbedkraterat left, goatmask at right, with leg of Hermes running left above. For Hermes cf. 228. Area D 18 (context of 6th to 7th centuryafter Christ) Ca 225-175 PI. 54 274 (P 20594) Erotes, sirens P. H. 0.046; max. p. dim. 0.092. Half of base and part of lower wall. Shape: ring base. Medallion: ten-petaled rosette surrounded by two grooves. No calyx. Wall: tail, legs, and wing tips of siren; Eros riding left on goat; frontal head wearing helmet (Athena?);Eros riding left on dolphin above her; lower body of draped dancingfigure; siren repeated. D-E 15:1 Ca 200-150? Pls. 54, 93 275 (P 18687) Chariotand centaur H. 0.089; est. Diam. 0.13 (int.), 0.15 (ext.). Full profile and one third of mold.

Shape: raised base, slightlyflaredrim beveled towards outside. Medallion:hatchedeight-petaledrosettesurroundedby grooveand beading.Calyx:rowof overlappingferns.Wall: two bigae drivenleft, with centaurleapingleft and playing trumpet between them. Birds and Erotes above. Rim: pairsof double spiralscrownedby leaves; beading;ovolo. For bigae cf. 152; for rim cf. 171; for medallion cf. 139. Workshopof Bion. M 21:1 Ca 225-175 Pls. 54, 93 276 (P 16331) Chariotand Pegasos P. H. 0.085; est. Diam. 0.125 (int.), 0.14 (ext.). One eighth of rim and one fourth of upper body. Shape: slightly flared rim, beveled to outside and flanged on outside. Calyx:tips of palmetteswith swansbetween them. Biga driven left, Pegasos running left, trace of another biga. Rosettes below, birds above. Rim: alternatingswans and birds, with small ferns between them; ovolo between beading.Fora verysimilarbowl,but froma differentmold, see 151. For Pegasos see also 152. WorkshopA. N 20:1 upper fill Ca 225-175 277 (P 24234) Chariot,Amymone P1.54 P. H. 0.057. Part of calyx and lower wall. Shape: wheel-rungroove on exterior. Calyx:tallferns.Wall:below, two bigae runleft. Above, lower body of Amymone. To right,legs of small Eros. Area O-P (late Roman context) Ca 225-175 278 (P 24814) Amymone, Demeter(?) P1.54 P. H. 0.052. Part of base, calyx, and lower wall. Shape: ring base. Calyx:row of lotus petals springingfrom tendrils.Wall: lower halves of two figures. At left, Amymone. At right, drapedfigure with weight on left leg, apparentlyholding staffin left hand (Demeter?).Cf. 225,226, and Courby,p. 345, fig. 70:16. H-K 12-14 Ca 225-175 279 (P 25669) Rape of Persephone P1.54 P. H. 0.105. One fifth of upper wall. Wall: below are dancing satyrs, one facing left, one facing right. Above: at left, figure wearing short chiton plays double pipe; at right, draped woman walks left, turningupperbody to right;between them, double-leaved gate with pediment. Rim: rabbits and bunch of grapes.

FRAGMENTSOF BOWLS:IMBRICATE,FLORAL,OR FIGURED For satyrscf. 129;forwoman cf. 193,262;forpipe playercf. 193 and 194, although stamps are smalleron 279. Cf. also 280. Workshopof Bion? Area B 15 (Greek to late Roman context) Ca 225-175 PI. 55 280 (P 14961) Rape of Persephone P. H. 0.09. Fragmentof wall. At left, frontalfigurewearingshortchiton plays double pipe. At right,drapedwomanrunsleft. Cf. 279 and P 4030: Thompson C 50. Area E-F 18-19 (late Roman to early Byzantine context) Ca 225-175 281 (P 20669) Labors of Herakles P1.55 P. H. 0.058. Noted: Pnyx, p. 92, under no. 2. Fragmentof base and lower wall. Shape: raised base. Medallion surroundedby groove. Wall:large palmette divideswallinto sections.At left, traceof Heraklesand the Keryneianhind, with lower leg of Heraklesand hindquarters of hind preserved.Above, lower body of frontalNike. Very similarto 187, which, however,was made in a different mold. The hard, gray clay indicates the piece is a waster.WorkshopA. Area N 8 (late Roman context) Ca 225-175 FRAGMENTSOF BOWLS: IMBRICATE,FLORAL,OR FIGURED

(282-294) Pls. 55, 95 282 (P 1450) Figured bowl; signed Max. p. dim. 0.07. Fragmentof wall and calyx. Calyx:fronds.Wall:long-neckedbirdwith stringaround neck flies left. Below is preservedthe beginningof a name, Metallicblackglaze. upside downand retrograde:KAAAI[. For signaturesee p. 41. H-K 12-14 Ca 225-175 Pls. 55, 95 283 (P 22852) Eros; signed P. H. 0.06. Part of upper wall and rim pattern. Wall: head of Eros, facing front, upper part of his left wing preserved.Above him is inscription,retrograde,in relief, and upside down:]TP()NO[.Rim: Eros flying left. Metallic brown glaze. For Eros see P 4024: Thompson C 44, where he reclines,wings spreadbehind him, holdinga jug in his right hand. For signaturesee p. 41. H-K 12-14 Ca. 225-175

79

PI. 55 284 (P 20929) Medallion Max. p. dim. 0.049. Medallion. Eight-petaled daisy or star with rays between petals. Lustrousredglaze outside,blackinside.A floralbowlfrom the Kerameikosmay be from same mold (Schwabacher, pl. 10:18). Q 8-9 Ca 225-175 285 (P 13315) Medallion:floral or figured bowl PI. 55 Max. p. dim. 0.079. Medallion and part of calyx. Medallion: four-pointed star formed by four pointed leaves, with double spiral between each pair of leaves, surrounded by two ridges and scraped groove. Calyx: bases of stylized acanthus leaves alternatingwith stems. Dull reddish brown glaze. H 12:1 2nd century PI. 55 286 (P 17622) Medallion and calyx: hunt? P. H. 0.053. Medallion,halfof calyx,and traceof lowerwall;partially restored. Medallion:nine-petaledrosetteconsistingof centraldot withintwo concentriccircles,fromwhich springnine lotus petals, surrounded by two ridges and scraped groove. Calyx:overlappinglargeand smalllotus petals,with floral tendrils between them, divided from wall by two ridges. Wall:tracesof a hunting scene? Rearlegs of animal,front half of hound, leg of figure,all moving left. Dark reddish brownglazeoutside,blackinside.Cf. Schwabacher,pl. 6:1. B 20:7 Ca 225-200 PI. 55 287 (P 6200) Interiormedallion:Medusa or Hermes. Imbricate,floral,or figured bowl Max. p. dim. 0.064. Medallion and lower calyx. Exterior.Medallion:ten-petaledrosette surroundedby two ridges. Calyx: imbricatesmall ferns. Interior.Against backgroundof imbricatelotus petals, frontalwinged head with short,shaggylocks. Rest of interior probablyplain. Dull brownishblack glaze. WorkshopA. E 15:4 Ca 225-175 PI. 55 288 (P 23072) Interiormedallion:Athena or maenad. Floral or figured bowl Max. p. dim. 0.058. Half of medallion. Exterior.Medallion:six-petaledrosette.Calyx:alternating acanthus leaves and lotus petals.

80

CATALOGUE

Interior.Frontalbust with head missing.Draperyfallsin V at neck;jagged edge at bottom may representaegis or nebris.Tracesof wavy hairat left. Cf. plastercast of metal emblem, Richter "AncientPlaster Casts,"pl. 92, fig. 21. Metallic brown to black glaze. M-N 15:1 Ca 225-150 PI. 55 289 (P 30364) Rim: hunt? P. H. 0.065. One eighth of rim and traces of wall. Wall: bird flying right and diagonal ridge, probably spear; a hunting scene? Rim: running spiral picked out with beading;beading;band of triangularpanels outlined with beading and ridges and filled in with beading. Dull brownish black glaze; miltos. Cf. 242, 244. Workshopof Bion. M 21:1 Ca 225-175 PI. 55 290 (P 20305) Rim: figured bowl P. H. 0.044; est. Diam. 0.15. Fragmentof rim and trace of wall. Wall:tailof dolphin.Rim:alternatingRhodianrosesand flowers springingfrom tendrils; wave pattern. Lustrous blackglaze;miltos. For wave patterncf. 316. WorkshopA. P-R 6-12 Ca 225-175 P1.55 291 (P 6318) Rim P. H. 0.046; est. Diam. 0.17. Fragmentof rim. Interlockingmeander. Red glaze. No scraped groove below lip. Cf. the importedfragment391. This piece could be an import but the clay and shape appear to be Attic. E 14:1 Ca. 225-200 292 (P 23304) Rim: floral or imbricatebowl P1.56 P. H. 0.058. Part of rim patternand trace of wall. Wall:tip of pointedlotus petal flankedby rosettes.Rim: pairsof double spiralscrownedby leaves;alternatingbulls' heads and rosettesbetween beading.Lustrousblackglaze. M-N 15:1 Ca. 225-175 P1.56 293 (P 23784) Rim P. H. 0.069; est. Diam. 0.14. Fragmentof rim and trace of wall. Wall:smallleaves?Rim: smallferns;crosshatching;egg and dart.Lustrousblack glaze. P-R 6-12 Ca. 225-150

P1.56 294 (P 21069) Rim: West Slope decoration P. H. 0.05. Fragmentof rim. Palmettes flanked by dolphins;pairsof double spirals; egg and dart. Above, in a band delimited by scraped grooves, West Slope ivy garlandin white and buff paint. Lustrousblackglaze;miltos.ForWest Slope decorationon rim of moldmade bowl cf. Kyme I, MB 54, MB 55, pp. 25, 60, pl. 8; p. 27, fig. 3. WorkshopA? H-K 12-14 Ca 225-175 FRAGMENTSOF MOLDS: IMBRICATE,FLORAL,OR FIGURED

(295-320) 295 (P 6908) Medallion and calyx: figuredmold P1.56 P. H. 0.035; max. p. dim. 0.102. Most of medallion and half of calyx preserved. Shape: raised base with flat bottom. Medallion: gorgoneion surrounded by groove and beading. Calyx: row of fronds with Erotes between tips. Bowl 171 was made in this mold. Workshopof Bion. Area 0 10 (Hellenistic and early Roman context) Ca. 225-175 Pls. 56, 93 296 (P 22854) Medallion and calyx: imbricateor figured mold P. H. 0.049. Base, medallion, and one fifth of calyx. Shape: heavy raised base. Medallion: Athena Parthenos surroundedby groove, from which spring small ferns, all within groove and beading. Wall: imbricatesmall ferns. Workshopof Bion. H-K 12-14 Ca 225-175 PI. 56 297 (P 17796) Medallion P. H. 0.023; max. p. dim. 0.09. Base and medallion. Shape: flat-bottomedraised base. Athena Parthenossurroundedby beading,from which spring handdrawnlotus petals, all within beading, broad groove, and beading. Workshopof Bion. Area D 18 (Byzantinecontext) Ca 225-175 PI. 56 298 (P 29798) Medallionand calyx: figured mold P. H. 0.033; max. p. dim. 0.095. Base, medallion, most of calyx, and traces of wall. Shape: raised base, slightly concave underneath. Medallion:double rosette with fourpetals inside, eight outside, surroundedby two grooves. Calyx: two rows of palmettes with small frondsat base. Wall:tracesof feet of goat, base of krater,and garland.Cf. 108. A fragmentof a

FRAGMENTSOF MOLDS:IMBRICATE,FLORAL,OR FIGURED bowl (P 21045) probablymade in this mold was found in the Middle Stoa buildingfill (H-K 12-14). WorkshopA. Area U 13 (early Roman context) Ca 225-175 299 (P 54) Medallion and calyx Pls. 56, 95 P. H. 0.041; max. p. dim. 0.105. Base, medallion, and part of calyx. Shape: rough flat bottom. Medallion: double four-petaled rosette within two grooves. Calyx: alternatingfronds and ferns with small pointed leaves at base, fleurs-de-lisbetween tips. On the bottom is an incised X. The bottom has been divided by faintly incised lines into four quadrants,in one of which there is an 0 (see p. 41). For medallion cf. 7; same motif, but smaller,appearson 31. Workshopof Bion? Area H 5 (context unknown) Ca 225-175 300 (P 19095) Medallion and calyx PI. 56 P. H. 0.034; max. p. dim. 0.11. Base, medallion, and part of calyx. Shape: rough, uneven raised base with depression in middle. Medallion: double rosette with six petals inside, ten outside, surroundedby two grooves. Calyx: two rows of palmettes, alternatingrows of triangularlotus petals and palmettes. WorkshopA. Context and provenanceunknown. Ca 225-175 301 (P 7943 + P 22236) Medallion and Pls. 57, 95 calyx: figured mold P. H. 0.05; max. p. dim. 0.135. Base, medallion, and half of calyx. Shape: raised base, slightly concave underneath. Medallion: double six-petaled rosette surroundedby two grooves.Calyx:one rowof smalllotus petals,two rows of broadfronds.Tracesof figures,perhapsbirds,above tips of lowerrowof fronds.MorE incisedon bottom(see p. 41). Same medallionas 109,112,113,126, and P 4103: Thompson C 25. Thisis the name piece of the MMonogramClass. Area N-O 15 (late Roman context) Ca 175-150 302 (P 20879) Medallion and calyx P1.57 P. H. 0.03; max. p. dim. 0.075. Base, medallion,and lower calyx. Shape: rough raised base with flat bottom. Medallion:ten-petaledrosette. Calyx:acanthusleaves. Area D 17 (context unknown) Ca 225-150 303 (P 23768) Medallion and calyx: figuredmold P. H. 0.039; max. p. dim. 0.095.

Pls. 57, 93

81

Base, medallion,calyx, and traces of wall. Shape: ring base. Medallion: ten-petaled rosette surrounded by eight bosses decoratedwith stars.Calyx:rowof palmettes.Wall: traces of figures including lower body of seated woman facing left; bases of trophies(?).For similar rosette medallion, not necessarily produced by the same stamp, cf. 111, 182,274, and P 4019, P 591: ThompsonC 39, D 36. Area J-K 15 (context of first half of 2nd century) Ca 225-150 304 (P 8716) Medallion:figured mold P1.57 P. H. 0.027; max. p. dim. 0.075. Over half of base, medallion, calyx, and trace of wall. Shape: ring base. Medallion:ten-petaledrosette.Calyx:rowof palmettes. Wall:traces of figures.For the medallion cf. 111 and 182, possibly producedby the same stamp,and P 4019, P 591: Thompson C 39, D 36. Area K 11 (late Roman to early Byzantine context) Ca 225-150 305 (P 23248) Medallion and calyx: P1.57 mold figured P. H. 0.041. One fourth of base, with medallion and one fourth of calyx. Shape: raised base with flat bottom. Medallion: small eight(?)-petaled rosette with rays between petals, surroundedby two grooves. Calyx:alternatingsmalland largeferns,with lotus buds between tips. Wall: traces of figures. Area N 16 (Byzantine context) Ca 225-150 306 (P 118) Medallion P1.57 P. H. 0.015; max. p. dim. 0.055. Base, medallion, and bottom of calyx. Shape: raised base, concave underneath. Medallion: six small ferns arranged in uneven star pattern,within two grooves. Calyx: row of widely spaced small ferns. H 6:9 Ca 225-175 Pls. 57, 95 307 (P 19086) Medallion P. H. 0.031; max. p. dim. 0.077. Over half of base, medallion, and part of lower wall. Shape: ring base. Plain medallion surrounded by two grooves. Wall: eight(?)-petaledstar pattern done in jeweling. On the bottom the letters EN incised. For IN see p. 42 and Pnyx, no. 93, a mold fragmentpreservinga medallionand imbricate leaves. Area C 18 (late Roman context) Ca 225-150

82

CATALOGUE

308 (P 20270) Calyx: imbricateor figured mold PI. 57 Max. p. dim. 0.05. Part of base and lower wall. Shape: trace of ring or raised base. Medallion missing, surroundedby beading. Wall: five rows of overlappingpointedjeweled leaves. Cf. Pnyx, no. 58, possibly a product of this mold. M 21:1 Ca 225-175 P1.57 309 (P 574) Calyx: imbricateor figuredmold P. H. 0.033; max. p. dim. 0.061. Fragmentof base and calyx. Shape: ring base. Medallion missing, surroundedby groove. Calyx: two rows of small ferns, a row of lotus petals springingfrom tendrilsabove.Verysimilarto 41. Cf. Schwabacher,pl. 1:6. Workshopof Bion? G 14:5 Ca 225-175 PI. 57 310 (P 8017) Calyx: figured mold? P. H. 0.054. One fourth of base and part of calyx. Shape: ring base. Medallion missing, surroundedby groove. Calyx: six rows of imbricate lotus petals. Cf. 248; Pnyx, no. 54. WorkshopA? Area 0 15 (late Roman context) Ca 225-175

PI. 58 313 (P 18691) Rim P. H. 0.036; est. Diam. 0.16 (int.), 0.175 (ext.). One tenth of rim. Shape: rim rounded on top. Running spiral; simplified guilloche bordered by beading.This mold may have produced104.Workshopof Bion. M 21:1 Ca 225-175 Pls. 58, 93 314 (P 1592) Rim: figuredmold P. H. 0.039. Small fragmentof rim and trace of wall. Shape: flaringrim, beveled towardsoutside. Wall:at right,Eros flying right.Indistincttracesat left. Rim:pairsof double spiralscrownedby palmettes;simplified guilloche. WorkshopA. H-K 12-14 Ca 225-175 PI. 58 315 (P 21075) Rim P. H. 0.032; est. Diam. 0.17 (int.), 0.185 (ext.). One tenth of rim. Shape: rim slopes outwards, with slightly angular profile. Cf. Pnyx, no. 34. Alternatingrosettesand smallferns;ovolo. For rosettes cf. 62, 193 and 316. WorkshopA. H-K 12-14 Ca 225-175

Pls. 58, 93 316 (P 1886) Rim: figured mold P. H. 0.066. Small fragmentof rim and upper wall. Shape: slightly rolled rim. P1.57 311 (P 22101) Calyx: figuredmold Wall:trace of figure,possibly head and forelegsof goat P. H. 0.036; max. p. dim. 0.10. runningright,riddenby Eros. Rim: dolphinleaping right Half of base and calyx and trace of wall. and rosette; wave pattern;jeweled triangularleaves. For with flat bottom. Shape: raised base on goat cf. 92; for rosette cf. 62,193 and 315; forwave Eros Medallionmissing, surroundedby two grooves.Calyx: cf. 290; for triangularleaves cf. Pnyx, nos. 57, 58. pattern five rowsof small,roundedribbedleaves dividedfromwall A. Workshop by groove. Wall: traces of legs, probably of antithetical H-K 12-14 rampantgoats. Swan facing right. For ridge surrounding Ca 225-175 calyx cf. 255. Area 0 15 (late Roman context) Pls. 58, 93 317 (P 10692) Rim: figuredmold Ca 225-150 P. H. 0.046; est. Diam. 0.25 (int.), 0.28 (ext.). One third of rim and trace of wall. PI. 58 312 (P 15157) Rim Shape: outturnedrim, rounded on top. P. H. 0.04; est. Diam. 0.155 (int.), 0.17 (ext.). Wall: tail and hind leg, probablyof dog runningright. One sixth of rim. Rim: alternatingsmall and large ferns; pairs of double Shape: slightly flaringrim. spirals.For ferns cf. 26. WorkshopA. Pairsof double spiralscrownedby palmettes;simplified Area 0 15 (late Roman context) guillocheborderedby beading;cable.This mold may have Ca 225-175 produced260. For similarrimscf. 43 and 120.Workshopof P1.58 318 (P 17030) Rim Bion. 0.205 0.19 Diam. P. H. 0.045; est. N 21:4 middle fill (ext.). (int.), One ninth of rim. Ca. 225-175

LONG-PETALBOWLS Shape: slightlyflaringrim, beveled towardsoutside. Cf. Pnyx, no. 43. Alternating birds and palmettes; concave band. A similarband (convex on bowls) occurson 63, 93, 113, and 201. B 20:2 Ca. 225-175 Pls. 58, 93 319 (P 8015) Rim P. H. 0.057; est. Diam. 0.17 (int.), 0.19 (ext.). One tenth of rim and part of wall. Shape: projectingrim, angularin profile.Cf. Pnyx, no. 104. Wall:indistincttraces.Rim: alternatingsmall ferns and hearts;concaveband.For bowl with convex bandand leaf cf. 113. Area K-Q 14-17 (context unknown) Ca. 225-150 Pls. 58, 93 320 (P 19816) Rim: figuredmold P. H. 0.054; est. Diam. 0.185 (int.), 0.20 (ext.). Small part of rim and upper wall. Shape: slightly flaringrim, beveled towardsoutside. Wall:birdflying right,with indistincttracebelow. Rim: rounded ribbed leaves; concave band; pendent, rounded ribbed leaves. For convex band on bowls cf. 63, 93, 113, and201. Forpendent leaves, possiblyfromsame stamp,cf. 237. Area B 18 (late Roman context) Ca. 225-150

BOWLS LONG-PETAL (321-346) PLAIN BOWLSWITH RIM PATTERN(321-326)

Pls. 58, 95 321 (P 28485) Long-petalbowl; signed H. 0.081; est. Diam. 0.142. Most of rim restored. Medallion: seven-pointed star surrounded by two ridges.Wall:petals of unequalwidths.Withinone of them an illegible four-letter inscription (possibly AYOC: see p. 41). Rim: ovolo. Metallicblackglaze, red on medallion. P 20:2 Ca 145-100 Pls. 59, 87 322 (P 15663) Long-petalbowl H. 0.077; Diam. 0.147. Fragmentsof wall and rim restored. Medallion: eight-pointed star surroundedby scraped groove. Wall:long petals. Rim: heart-shapedleaves. Dull black glaze below, shiny above; miltos. For medallion cf. 324 and 331. R21:2 Ca. 145-100

83

PI. 58 323 (P 19111) Long-petalbowl H. 0.072; est. Diam. 0.14. One fourth of bowl with most of profilepreserved;restored. Medallion: ten- or twelve-petaled rosette within two ridges. Wall:concave long petals. Rim: ovolo. Dull black glaze, mostly missing. N 20:4 Ca. 100-86 Pls. 59, 92 324 (P 6015) Long-petalbowl H. 0.102; Diam. 0.19. Parts of wall, medallion,and rim restored. Medallion:eight-pointedstarwithinridge.Wall:widely spaced long petals. Rim: ovolo(?). Black glaze below, red above, mostly missing.For medallion cf. 322 and 331. E 14:3 Ca. 110-86 PI. 59 325 (P 20204 a, b) Long-petalbowl: rim P. H. (a) 0.046, (b) 0.035. Two fragmentspreservingrim patternand upper wall. Wall:convexlongpetals.Rim:indistinctmotif;fleur-delis; running spiral; inverted stepped pyramid. Metallic brown to black glaze. A similarrim patternappearson a fragment of a gold-glass skyphos, Oliver, "A Gold-glass Fragment,"p. 10, figs. 1-3. Q 8-9 Ca. 145? PI. 59 326 (P 27364) Long-petalbowl P. H. 0.077. One eighth of bowl, from rim to base of wall. Wall:long petals.Rim:guilloche.Metallicto dull,brown to greenish black glaze. Area J-K 15 (mid-2nd-centurycontext) Ca. 145-125 PLAIN BOWLSWITHOUTRIM PATTERN(327-335)

P1.59 327 (P 8125) Long-petalbowl H. 0.08; est. Diam. 0.14. One sixth of bowl, with complete profile;restored. Medallion: eight-petaled rosette. Wall: concave long petals. Rim: two ridges.Lustrousblackglaze; miltos. For medallioncf. 336, and P 595, P 596: ThompsonD 39, D 40. C 10:1 Ca. 145-100 Pls. 59, 92 328 (P 14472) Long-petalbowl H. 0.08; Diam. 0.138. One thirdof upper wall and rim, partsof wall restored. Plainmedallion.Wall:long petals,crowdedand overlapping near bottom. Rim: three ridges,with scrapedgroove between the upper two. Dull black glaze; miltos. M 20:1 lower fill Ca. 110-86

84

CATALOGUE

329 (P 15552) Long-petalbowl P1.60 Wall: long petals. Rim: one ridge. Flaring rim with H. 0.073; est. Diam. 0.135. molded lip, cf. AgoraV, G 48. Dull blackglaze.Possiblyan Full profile and one sixth of bowl. import. Medallion:five raysarrangedin starpatternsurrounded E 14:3 Ca. 145-86 by scrapedgroove and ridge. Wall:long petals. Rim: two ridges. Dull black to red glaze. R21:2 335 (P 30433) Long-petalbowl; signed Pls. 60, 95 Ca. 145-100 P. H. 0.027. Fragmentof wall. Five petalsfrom neartop of wall,with signaturein relief, 330 (P 6314) Long-petalbowl P1.60 to be upside down, letters backwards,reading ]AO3POY, H. 0.079; est. Diam. 0.138. as restored Red [AnoAAo]65(pou (see p. glaze outside, 40). Over half preserved;restored. Medallion: eight-petaledrosette surroundedby ridge. greenish black inside. For signature cf. 338 and 339. Wall:concave petals. Plain rim.Lustrousred glaze below, Workshopof Apollodoros. F 13:3 black near rim. Ca. 100-86 E 14:1 Ca. 145-86 (worn mold)

JEWELED WITHRIMPATTERN BOWLS (336, 337)

331 (P 8126) Long-petalbowl; signed P1.60 H. 0.088; est. Diam. 0.155. One fifth of bowl, with full profile; restored. Medallion: eight-pointed star with knobs between points, surroundedby scrapedgroove and ridge.Wall:irregularlong petals, overlappingat bottom. Illegible signaturein reliefappearsin one petal.Plainrim.Lustrousblack glaze. A similar bowl was found in the Asklepieion in Athens (ACAT20, B', 1965 [1967], p. 32, pl. 31:6). For medallion cf. 322 and 324. C 10:1 Ca. 145-100 Pls. 60, 92 332 (P 16109) Long-petalbowl H. 0.077; Diam. 0.133. Part of body and rim restored. Medallion: eight-petaled rosette surrounded by two ridges. Wall: irregularlong petals. Rim: two ridges. Dull red glaze. G 14:2 middle fill Ca. 145-100 333 (P 2239) Long-petalbowl: medallion P1.60 Max. p. dim. 0.081. Medallion and part of lower wall. Medallion:pointed petals alternatingwith small ferns, with circles between them, forming eight-pointed star, surroundedby band of circlesbetween ridges.Wall:long petals. Lustrous black glaze. Area G-K 5-8 (context unknown) Ca. 145-86 334 (P 20488) Long-petalbowl: rim P. H. 0.047. Small fragmentof rim and upper wall.

Pls. 60, 87

336 (P 15736) Long-petalbowl P1.61 H. 0.075; Diam. 0.134. Parts of wall restored. Medallion: eight-petaled rosette surrounded by two ridgesand irregularscrapedgroove.Wall:long petals separated by lines of jeweling topped by small pointed leaves. Rim: jeweling; ovolo. Dull black glaze, red on medallion. Forthe leavesabove the jewelingcf. 355 and Pnyx,no. 107. Area L 11 (context of second half of 2nd century) Ca 145-100 337 (P 14399) Long-petalbowl P1.61 H. 0.077; Diam. 0.142. Parts restored. Medallion: ten(?)-petaled rosette with rays between petals, surroundedby ridge. Wall: widely spaced convex petals separatedby knobs. Rim: small leaves. No scraped groove below lip. Purplishbrown glaze, mostly missing. M 20:1 middle fill Ca. 110-86 JEWELED BOWLS WITHOUT RIMPATTERN (338-343) 338 (P 14471) Long-petalbowl; signed Pls. 61, 95 H. 0.081; est. Diam. 0.14. One third of bowl, with full profile;restored. Medallion: double six-petaled rosette surroundedby two grooves. Wall: concave petals separatedby lines of jeweling topped with lotus buds. In one petal, a signature in relief, retrograde,running from bottom to top: A.nOA[AO]AlPi)P[O]Y (see p. 40). Rim: one ridge. No scrapedgroove below lip. Metallicto dull blackglaze. For lotus buds cf. 340 and 341; for signaturecf. 335, 339, and P 20002 (late Hellenistic context). Workshopof Apollodoros. M 20:1 lower fill Ca. 100-86

LONG-PETALMOLDS Pls. 61, 95 339 (P 3124) Long-petalbowl; signed H. 0.077; est. Diam. 0.135. Two thirds restored,including most of medallion. Indistinct medallion surroundedby two ridges. Wall: long petals separatedby jeweling with lotus buds at top. Signaturein relief,retrograde,runningfrombottom to top

85

VARIANTSOF LONG-PETALBOWLS(344-346)

Pls. 62, 87 344 (P 23095 + P 23766) Overlapping long petals H. 0.095; est. Diam. 0.165. Noted (P 23095): Pnyx, pp. 90, note 12, 91, note 14. One third of bowl, with complete profile;restored. inonepetal:AnlOAAOAOPOY (seep.40).Rim:oneridge. Medallion: eight-petaled rosette. Wall: tall rounded Brown to black glaze. For signature cf. 335 and 338. petals overlappingpointed petals with central ribs. Rim: Workshopof Apollodoros. two ridges.Lustrousblackglaze;miltos. For medallioncf. Area F 15 (Hellenistic to late Roman context) 159; for wall cf. Schwabacher,pl. 7:4, 7, 8. The bowl was Ca. 100-86 not found in the MiddleStoa buildingfill,as statedin Pnyx, P1.61 p. 90, note 12. WorkshopA. 340 (P 9293) Long-petalbowl I 14:2 H. 0.083; est. Diam. 0.142. Ca. 145? or ca. 225-175? One third of bowl, with complete profile;restored. Medallion: six-petaled rosette surrounded by ridge. PI. 62 Wall:convex petals separatedby lines of jeweling topped 345 (P 14474) Swirlingpetals P. H. 0.08; est. Diam. 0.14. by lotus buds. Rim: scraped groove between ridges. Two thirds restored. Lustrousblackglaze. Cf. Pnyx,no. 109 (a mold). For lotus Wall: swirlingpetals. Rim: two ridges. Lustrous black bud cf.338 and 341;formedallioncf.35 and 341.Workshop glaze.Cf.P 597: ThompsonD 41, a jeweled exampleof the of Apollodoros. same type. M-N 18:1 M 20:1 lower fill Ca. 100-86 Ca. 100-86 341 (P 3661) Long-petalbowl Pls. 61, 87 H. 0.081; est. Diam. 0.136. PI. 62 346 (P 16098) Ribbed bowl Hesperia 6, 1937, p. 194, fig. 119. H. 0.08; est. Diam. 0.145. One fourth of rim and parts of body restored. Most of rim and part of body restored. Medallion: double six-petaled rosette surroundedby Medallion: double seven-petaled rosette stamped two ridges.Wall:concave petals separatedby lines ofjewdirectly onto bowl, surrounded by two ridges. Wall: eling topped by lotus buds. Rim: two ridges.No scraped pronounced vertical ribs. Rim: two ridges. No scraped groove below lip. Cf. Pnyx,no. 109;Schwabacher,pl. 7:11 groovebelowlip. Dull brownishblackglaze. A similarfrag(molds). For medallion cf. 35; for lotus bud cf. 338-340. ment (P 20518) came from N 20:4. Workshopof Apollodoros. G 14:2 upper fill Area I 8-9 (context of second half of 2nd century or Ca. 100-86 later) Ca. 100-86 MOLDS LONG-PETAL (347-358) PI. 62 PLAIN MOLDSWITH RIM PATTERN(347-349) 342 (P 3145) Long-petalbowl H. 0.086; Diam. 0.152. P1.63 347 (P 10835 + P 13316) Long-petalmold Half of bowl restored. P. H. (P 10835;P1.63:a) 0.08, (P 13316;P1.63:b) 0.084; Medallion: double six-petaled rosette surroundedby est. Diam. 0.17 (int.), 0.19 (ext.). two ridges. Wall: petals separated by lines of jeweling P 10835: H. A. Thompson, Hesperia, Suppl. IV, The topped by fleurs-de-lis. Rim: three ridges. No scraped Tholos A thens and its Predecessors,Baltimore1940, of p. groove below lip. Red glaze. 120, d. F 15:3 Two non-joiningfragmentspreservehalf of upperwall. Ca 145-100 Shape: slightly flaring rim, with top sloping down P1.62 towardsexterior. 343 (P 6013) Long-petalbowl; signed Wall:long petals. Rim: hatchingbetween two grooves. H. 0.06; est. Diam. 0.10. For rim cf. 354. Three fourths of rim restored. H 12:1 Medallion: eight-petaledrosette. Wall: widely spaced in one Ca. 145-100 petals separated by jeweling. Illegible signature black Dull below rim. No Plain lip. scrapedgroove petal. P1.63 348 (P 16862) Long-petalmold glaze. Diam. 0.18 est. 0.16 P. H. (ext.). (int.), 0.07; E 14:3 One eighth of rim and upper wall. Ca. 100-86

86

CATALOGUE

Shape:rimflaton top, as Pnyx,no. 118.Two faintwheelrun grooves on exterior below rim. Wall:long petals. Rim: double spirals;invertedegg and dart. Area G-I 10-14 (context unknown) Ca. 145-86 349 (P 7096) Long-petalmold P1.63 P. H. 0.055; est. Diam. 0.143 (int.), 0.16 (ext.). One sixth of rim and upper wall. Shape: slightlyflaringrim, flat on top. Three wheel-run grooves on exterior well below rim. Cf. Pnyx, no. 109. Wall:well-madelong petals.Rim:jewelingbetween two grooves. Area C 7 (late Hellenistic context) Ca. 145-86 PLAIN MOLDSWITHOUTRIM PATTERN(350-352)

350 (P 8132) Long-petalmold Pls. 63, 93 H. 0.115; est. Diam. 0.185 (int.), 0.205 (ext.). Slightlyless than half preserved. Shape: ring base. Slightly rolled rim, sloping down towards outside. Wheel-run groove on exterior slightly below rim. Plain medallion surroundedby two grooves.Wall:long petals. Rim: one groove. D 10:3 Ca 145-125 351 (P 18510) Long-petalmold: medallion P1.64 P. H. 0.05; max. p. dim. 0.115. Part of base, medallion, and lower wall. Shape: flat-bottomedraised base, cf. Pnyx, no. 99. Medallion: four-pointedstar with wavy lines between points, surroundedby two grooves. Wall: irregularlong petals. Area C 16 (context unknown) Ca. 145-86 352 (P 22137) Long-petalmold: medallion P1.64 Max. p. dim. 0.047. Most of medallion and trace of lower wall; exterior surface chipped away. Medallion: eight-petaled rosette surrounded by two grooves.Wall:long petals.Forsimilarmedallion,not made by same stamp, cf. 327 and P 595: Thompson D 39. Area O-P 15 (late Roman context) Ca. 145-86 JEWELEDMOLDSWITH RIM PATTERN(353, 354)

353 (P 6869) Long-petalmold: rim P. H. 0.054; est. Diam. 0.16 (int.), 0.18 (ext.). One tenth of rim and upper wall.

P1.64

Shape: slightly flaringrim, flat on top. Four wheel-run grooves on exterior below rim. Wall:long petals separatedby jeweled lines topped by palmettes. Rim: egg and dart.Palmettes occur also on a lead-glazedmolded bowl from an early Roman context (409). Area B-C (4th-centuryto early Roman context) Ca. 145-86 354 (P 18310) Long-petalmold: rim P1.64 P. H. 0.04; est. Diam. 0.21 (int.), 0.235 (ext.). Fragmentof rim and upper wall. Shape: slightly downturned rim. Two wheel-run grooves on exterior, one immediately below lip, one slightly lower. Wall: parts of six petals preserved, four plain, two outlinedby beading.Rim: hatchingbetween two grooves. For wall cf. Schwabacher,pl. 7:12; for rim patterncf. 347. Area C 17 (late Roman context) Ca. 145-86 JEWELEDMOLDSWITHOUTRIM PATTERN(355-358)

355 (P 5218) Long-petalmold: rim PI. 64 P. H. 0.071; est. Diam. 0.14. Fragmentof rim and upper body. Shape:rim flat on top. Two wheel-rungrooveson exterior somewhat below rim. Wall:long petals separatedby jeweled lines topped by small pointed leaves. Rim: two grooves.Cf. Pnyx,no. 107; 21, B', 1966[1968],p. 80, pl. 84: y, fromexcavationsin ACAT Athens. For leaves cf. 336 and P 3378: ThompsonE 74. A very similarmold (P 17587)was found in an earlyRoman context. Area N 10 (context unknown) Ca. 145-86 356 (P 5304) Long-petalmold: medallion P1.64 P. H. 0.045; max. p. dim. 0.095. Base, medallion,and one fourth of lower wall. Shape: ring base. Medallion: eight small ferns arranged with points toward center, surroundedby two grooves. Wall: wellmade long petals separatedby lines of jeweling. Area F 13 (late Roman context) Ca. 145-86 357 (P 20591) Long-petalmold: medallion P1.64 P. H. 0.042; max. p. dim. 0.085. Base, medallion,and lower wall. Shape: ring base. Two wheel-rungrooveslow on body. Medallion: eight-petaled rosette surrounded by two grooves. Wall:long petals separatedby lines of jeweling. D-E 15:1 Ca. 145-100

IMPORTEDBOWLS 358 (P 4598) Long-petalmold: medallion PI. 64 P. H. 0.025; max. p. dim. 0.055. Base, medallion,and trace of lower wall. Shape: ring base. Medallion: six-petaled rosette surrounded by two grooves. Wall:long petals separatedby lines of jeweling. Area G 13 (3rd- and 2nd-centurycontext) Ca. 145-100 TYPESOF BOWLS OTHER (359-364) LOTUS-COROLLA BOWLS(359-362)

359 (P 8100) Lotus-corollabowl; signed Pls. 64, 96 Max. p. dim. 0.054. Fragmentof wall. Overlapping,tallpointedlotus petalswith scoredcentral rib, and shorter lotus petals with double central rib. Rosette on tendril above shorter leaf. Within petals, in relief, the letters ]NO[ or ]ON[; perhaps to be restored [Apioyro]vo[c](see p. 40). Rosette in field. Metallic gray glaze, mostly missing. For the signaturecf. the guttus 410 and Watzinger,pp. 69-70, no. 5. H 16:2 Ca. 100 360 (P 3211 a, b) Lotus-corollabowl; Pls. 64, 96 signed Max. p. dim. (a) 0.132, (b) 0.05. Noted: Thompson, pp. 451-452, note 3. Non-joiningfragmentsof middle of wall. Overlappinglotus petals, with central rib sometimes jeweled. Letters of signature in relief on surface of unjeweled petals. a preservesthe letters P (or possibly B), A, and T; b preservesthe letterY. The lettersarerightside up. Between the tops of the petalsare imbricate,smallpointed leaves. Dull brownishblackglaze. For signaturesee p. 41. Area E-F 14 (context unknown) Ca. 100 361 (P 20316) Lotus-corollabowl P1.64 Max. p. dim. 0.067. Medallion and lower wall. Medallion:eight-petaledrosette.Wall:largepetals with jeweled ribs, alternatingwith narrowerpetals with jeweling on either side of rib. Metallic brownishblack glaze. M 20:1 middle fill Ca. 100 362 (P 19832) Lotus-corollabowl; signed Pls. 65, 96 P. H. 0.039. Fragmentof wall. Partsof two lotus petals,with imbricatesmallpalmettes between them. In left-handpetal, lunate sigma in relief. Red glaze. For signaturesee p. 41. Area D 17 (context of 3rd century after Christ) Ca. 100

87

LOTUS-COROLLA MOLD

363 (P 3248) Lotus-corollamold PI. 65 P. H. 0.058; est. Diam. 0.145 (int.), 0.16 (ext.). One fifth of rim and upper wall. Shape: horizontalrim projectingoutward. Wall:at right,large lotus petal with hatched edges and centralrib.At left, narrowpetalwithjeweled rib.Imbricate small lotus petals between large petals. Rim: vertical strokes. Schwabacher(p. 222, note 79) considered this mold (to which he erroneously referred as P 3249) a productof the Workshopof Ariston.Cf. AeAT21, B', 1966 [1968],p. 80, pl. 84:5, from excavationsin Athens, found with a numberof othermolds and lamps,possiblyfromthe dump of a workshop. Area F 10 (late Roman context) Ca. 100 DAISY BOWL

364 (P 1117) Daisy bowl P1.65 Max. p. dim. 0.074. Medallion and most of lower wall. Medallion: six-pointed star surroundedby two ridges. Calyx: six small lotus petals. Wall: network of linking ribbed petals forming a series of six-petaled flowers. Lustrousblack glaze, mostly missing. H 16:2 Ca 150-86? IMPORTEDBOWLS(365-404) IMBRICATEBOWLS (365-370)

365 (P 15704) Imbricatesquares.Ionian? PI. 65 H. 0.085; est. Diam. 0.18. Two thirds of wall and rim restored. Medallion: eight-petaled rosette with rays between petals.Wall:11 rowsof concentricsquares.Rim:palmettes lying on their sides; beading. Nearly vertical rim. Micaceous grayclay (5Y 5/1); lustrousblackglaze. Cf. Courby, pl. 13:28, from Delos; Delos XXXI, no. 4016, p. 477, pl. 111; nos. 4020, 4021, p. 200, pl. 44. Area E 18 (2nd-centurycontext) 366 (P 4356) Imbricatelotus petals Pls. 65, 87 P. H. 0.09; est. Diam. 0.14. Two thirds of bowl restored,including bottom. Wall:overlappingpointed lotus petals.Rim: two ridges. Faring rim with outwardlythickened lip. Light reddish brownclay (2.5YR6/4); thin, dull brownglaze.The fabric, glaze, and unusual lip suggest that the bowl is imported. M 23:1 367 (P 20520) Imbricatepointed leaves. Ionian? P. H. 0.038. Fragmentof upper wall and rim pattern.

P1.65

88

CATALOGUE

Wall:overlapping,pointed ribbedleaves. Rim: egg and dart. Hard, slightly micaceous red clay (10OR 5/6); gritty glaze of same color. Cf. Courby, pl. 12:8, from Delos; Delos XXXI, no. 9490, p. 355, pl. 85, no. 5211, p. 465, pl. 107; Kyme I, MB 111,MB 114, MB 115, p. 71, pl. 13. N 20:4 368 (P 22129) Imbricateleaves, mask Pls. 65, 87 P. H. 0.044. Fragmentof wall. Imbricate,small roundedleaves. Above, frontalface or mask, with swag of rosettes at right.Hard,reddishyellow clay (5YR 6/6); dark grayish brown glaze (1OYR4/2). Fabric,glaze, and decorationseem not to be Attic. Area R 9-10 (context of second quarterof 2nd century) 369 (P 25573) Imbricatefleurs-de-lis P1.65 P. H. 0.047. Fragmentof wall. Closely set, overlappingsmall fleurs-de-lis.Gray clay (10YR5/1); brownglazeoutside(7.5YR5/2), inside brown above, gray below. Fabric seems not to be Attic, though color may be due to misfiring. Area M 12 (context of second half of 3rd centuryafter Christ)

Wall: large acanthus leaves probably alternatingwith rosetteson tall stems. Rim: egg and dartbetween beading. Micaceous gray to light gray clay (10YR 6/1); dull, micaceous, darkgrayglaze outside (5Y4/1), blackinside. Cf.A ntiochIV, i, fig. 11, nos. 11, 16,p. 30;HamallI, ii, nos. 112, 138, 140, 149, 154, 164, 165. Area I 15 (context of first half of 2nd century) 373 (P 19757) Lotus petals, tendrils Pls. 66, 87 Max. p. dim. 0.062. One third of medallion and one sixth of lower wall. Medallion:ten(?)-petaledrosette. Wall:alternatingtall lotus petals and plant with short outward and inward curlingtendrils.Hard,grayclay (10YR5/1); glaze of same color. For medallion cf. Pergamon XI, i, no. 460, p. 169, pl. 61; BSA 44, 1949, p. 60, pl. 21:17, from Siphnos. P-R 6-12 374 (P 23502) Lotus petals, date stems, Pls. 66, 87 tendrils P. H. 0.051; est. Diam. 0.125. One sixth of rim and upper wall. Wall: alternating tall, pointed lotus petals and spiky plants (date stems?), with floral tendrils between them. Rim: running spiral, two ridges. All drawn freehand. Glazed groove below lip. Hard,reddishyellow clay (5YR 7/6); gritty, darkreddish gray glaze (5YR 4/2). Area 0 16 (context unknown)

370 (P 14285) Shells Corinthian? PI. 65 P. H. 0.046. Fragmentof wall. Calyx:traceof tips of ferns.Wall:cockleshells arranged in rows. Very pale brown clay (10OYR 7/3); black glaze, 375 (P 20050) Nymphaea nelumbo petals, Pls. 66, 94 mostly missing.For clayand glaze cf. 371 and 382,possibly floral tendrils Corinthian.For decorationcf. 39. P. H. 0.075. N 20:7 Fragmentof wall and rim pattern. Wall:broadnymphaeanelumbo petal with tip drooping FLORALBOWLS(371-381) forward,flanked by floral tendrils. Rim: egg and dart. Mottledmicaceous,light brownclay (7.5YR6/4); metallic 371 (P 11531) Nymphaea lotus petals, floral PI. 65 black glaze, mostly missing on exterior. Probably from tendrils Corinthian? same mold as P 3377: Thompson E 79. Cf. Metzger, no. H. 0.062; est. Diam. 0.115. 100, and silver bowls from Bulgaria(Kraus,ZentralmuThree fourths of bowl restored,includingmedallion. seum, pl. 5), from the Fayoum (MiinchnerJahrbuchder Medallion surrounded by two ridges with scraped bildendenKunst 19, 1968,pp. 232-233, figs. 5 and 6, nos. 3 groove between them. Calyx: row of widely spaced small and4), and in the ToledoMuseum of Art (Oliver,Silverfor ferns. Wall: alternatingtall, thin lotus petals and tendrils the Gods, no. 43, pp. 78-79). with rosettes. Plain rim, scrapedgroove below lip. Light A 18:1 gray clay (2.5Y 7/2); shiny black glaze, mostly missing; miltos.For clayand glaze cf. 370 and 382. Fabricappearsto be Corinthian. 376 (P 20953) Lotus, ivy P1.66 E 5:2 P. H. 0.052. Fragmentof wall. 372 (P 23104 a, b) Acanthus leaves, floral PI. 65 Coarselotus petalsalternatingwith heart-shapedleaves tendrils on spiky stem. Reddish yellow clay (5YR 6/6); reddish P. H. (a) 0.06, (b) 0.03; est. Diam. 0.13. brownglaze outside, greenishinside. The decorationfinds Two non-joiningfragmentspreservingpart of rim and no parallelat Athens, althoughthe clayappearsto be Attic. wall. Q 8-9

IMPORTEDBOWLS 377 (P 11414 a-d) Lotus petals, grapevine Pls. 66, 88 Ionian P. H. (a) 0.034, (b) 0.034, (c) 0.03, (d) 0.03; est. Diam. 0.13. Four non-joiningsections preservingpartof medallion, calyx, wall, and rim. Medallion: rosette with alternating thin and broad petals, surrounded by ridge (d). Calyx: rounded lotus petals alternatingwith petal dippingto right,dividedfrom wall by ridge (c and d). Wall: trace of tendril with leafy calyx and grape leaves (c). Rim: bead and reel (a and b). Slightly intumed rim. Hard, pink clay (7.5YR 7/4); metallic,gritty,darkbrownglaze (75YR3/2). Cf.Bruneau, "La vaisselle,"D 8, p. 241, pl. 40; Delos XXXI, pl. 46; Courby,pl. 13:16,36, pl. 15:d,all from Delos; AntiochIV, i, fig. 17, no. 15, p. 30; KymeI, MB 65, MB 66, p. 61, pl. 9, p. 27, fig 3. F 5:1

89

Medallion:alternatingpetals and rosettes, surrounded by two ridges.Wall:dividedinto registersby ridges.Lower registerwith frondat left, silenus face flankedby dolphins at right. Upper register with palmettes with boukrania between tips. Hard, reddish yellow clay (5YR 6/6); red (2.5YR 5/6) to dark reddish brown (SYR 3/2) glaze. Cf. Pergamon XI, i, no. 192, p. 130, pl. 45 for palmettes. Area 0 15 (late Roman context) FIGURED BOWLS(382-388)

382 (P 22217 a, b) Erotes on panthers; Pls. 66, 88, 95 signed Corinthian P. H. (a) 0.075, (b) 0.073; est. Diam. 0.128. Two non-joiningsections preservinghalf of bowl. Calyx: fronds. Wall: Erotes riding panthers flanking column-kraters.Slave masks above kratersand between groups. Stamped with retrogradesignature in lozengeshaped panel: [. ca.7 .]KPATIO(see p. 41). Rim: simplified guilloche. Light gray clay (2.5Y 7/2); black glaze, mostly missing. For clay and glaze cf. 370 and 371. Shape and fabricsimilarto bowls found at Corinthand certainly of Corinthianmanufacture. Area P-Q 9 (context of first half of 2nd century)

378 (P 26974) Leaves P1.66 P. H. 0.048. Fragmentof wall and tip of calyx. Calyx:one roundedlotus petal preserved,dividedfrom wall by ridge. Wall: at right, bunch of olive(?) leaves. Pls. 66, 88 Shoots with olives or berriesat left. Hard,micaceous,light 383 (P 22215) Griffin P. H. 0.07. brownclay(7.5YR6/4) similarin appearanceto Attic clay; One eighth of calyx and lower wall. reddishbrownglaze (5YR4/3). Cf. Courby,pl. 10:c,a vase Medallion missing, surroundedby beading and ridge. fromMyrina,pl. 13:29,fromDelos; Zahn, "Hellenistische Calyx: alternating triangularlotus petals and spiky stems Reliefgefasse,"no. 8, pp. 53, 55-56 from southernRussia; with ferns small at base, rosettes between tips, divided Kyme I, MB 67, p. 61, pl. 9, p. 27, fig. 3. wall from Wall: griffin walks right toward by beading. Provenanceand context unknown. human figure which runs toward it. Rosette in field. 379 (P 6317) Horizontalgarland Pls. 66, 88 Divided from missing upper register by beading. Light yellowish brown clay (10YR 6/4), mottled on inside; P. H. 0.05. metallic gray glaze, mostly missing. For calyx and for Fragmentof rim. Ivy tendrilabove lozenge-shapedleaves set in herring- beading separatingregisterscf. TarsusI, fig. 130:h; regbone pattern.Hard,light red clay (2.5YR 6/6) with white isters separatedby beading occur commonly at Antioch and Samaria(Samana grits;dull red micaceousglaze (2.5YR5/6). For the leaves (AntiochIV, i, figs. 9-11, pp. 29-30) p. fig. p. fig. 63). III, 276, 61, 278, cf. Pergamon XI, i, no. 440, p. 166, pl. 59. Q 8-9 E 14:1 380 (P 19797) Horizontaltendril PI. 66 P. H. 0.025; max. p. dim. 0.057. One fourth of lower body. Medallion surrounded by ridge and scraped groove. Aroundmedallion,reliefwavyline with beadingon either side. Above, two ridges.Reddish yellow clay (7.5YR7/6) similar to Attic clay in appearance;hard, dull brownish blackglaze;miltos. This piece may well be Attic, but finds no parallelsin Athens. Area Q 10 (context of first half of 2nd century) 381 (P 22102) Palmettes, masks, dolphins Pls. 66, 88 P. H. 0.072. One sixth of lower body and part of medallion.

Pls. 67, 88 384 (P 19921) Chariotrace Ionian P. H. 0.045. Small part of upper wall and rim. Wall:at left, forepartsof horses drawingbiga, one arm and head of driver.At right,wheel of next chariotand back of driver,a Nike. Rim: Lesbian leaf. Hard, light red clay (2.5YR6/6) with smallwhite grits;dull,grittyred glaze on inside and lower outside (2.5YR 4/6), dark gray above (5YR4/1). Possiblyfrom same mold as Courby,pl. 11:c,a "Delian"bowl found in Italy. Cf. Delos XXXI, nos. 961, 3132, p. 139,pl. 31; no. 3124, p. 226, pl. 50; no. 3163, p. 65, pl. 118; pl. 37 passim. For the rim cf. Courby,pl. 12:9, 12, pl. 13:19,22,27, fromDelos; Schwabacher,pl. 10:33,from Athens; BSA 39, 1938/39, p. 35, no. 37, pl. 17 fromIthaka. Area C-F 15-19 (context unknown)

90

CATALOGUE

P1.67 385 (P 30434 a, b) Battle P. H. (a) 0.04, (b) 0.043. Two non-joining fragments preserving part of calyx, wall, and rim pattern. Calyx:acanthusleaf with tip bent forward,edge of lotus petal at right. Divided from wall by ridge. Wall: divided into at least two registersby ridge.Lowerregisterpartially preservedon b: at left, animal sits facing left; in center a figure wearing short chiton and holding spear moves to left;at right,tracesof anotherfigurewith spear.a preserves partof upper register:at left, figurein short chiton armed with roundshield and spearmoves left; at right,helmeted figure with spear moves right. Rim: egg and dart. Hard, micaceous, gray to light gray clay (10YR 6/1); dull, gritty black glaze. For calyx cf. Courby, p. 389, fig. 81:5, from Delos; LabraundaII, i, no. 99, p. 61, pl. 9; BSA 44, 1949, p. 60, no. 15, pl. 21:3, from Siphnos. L 19:2 shaft PI. 67 386 (P 25817) Siege of a city P. H. 0.05. Fragmentof wall. At bottom a ridgeprobablydividingwall into registers. At right, three warriorsarmed with spears, shields, and helmets climb ladder.Traceof anotherwarriorand ladder at left. Reddishyellow clay (5YR6/6); dull reddishbrown glaze (5YR 4/4). Area A-B 19-20 (late Hellenistic to early Roman context) PI. 67 387 (P 25412) Athena, Kybele P. H. 0.065. Part of upper wall and rim pattern. Wall:at left, Athenawithhelmet and spearstandsfacing front.At right,frontalseated figurewearingpolos, holding phiale in righthand,staffin left (Kybele).Rim:alternating lotus buds and old-manmasks. Hard,coarse,light brown clay (7.5YR6/4) with white grits;coarsered glaze (2.5YR 5/6). D-E 8-9:1 PI. 67 388 (P 14348 + P 20487) Erotes P. H. (PI. 67:a) 0.05, (P1.67:b) 0.076. Two non-joiningfragmentsof wall. Single figures separatedby fluted columns with high flutedbases. a preserveslowerbody of plumpchild(Eros?) walking right; b preserves Eros walking right at right, a figurefacingleft at left. For columnscf. Siebert,Recherches surles ateliers,K277, K284, pp. 340-342, pl. 37. A bowl (P 20229) with a similarcolumnwas found in a context of the 1st centuryin the Agora.Cf. Kymel,MB 22, p. 54, pl. 4, p. 20, fig. 1, p. 46, fig. 8:a. E 14:6 (P 14348; P1.67:a) E 15:3 (P 20487; P1.67:b)

FRAGMENTSOF BOWLS:IMBRICATE,FLORAL,OR FIGURED

(389-395) PI. 67 389 (P 26256 a, b) Calyx Max. p. dim. (a) 0.087, (b) 0.052. Two non-joining fragments preserving one third of lower wall. Medallion missing, surrounded by beading between two ridges,then largebead and reel and beading.Calyx:alternatingpalmettes and fronds.Porous,pink clay (7.5YR 7/4); dull brownishblack glaze. M 18:10 PI. 67 390 (P 26078) Lower wall Max. p. dim. 0.086. Less than half of medallion and lower wall. Indistinct medallion surrounded by scraped groove. Wall:rowof tall,pointed,handlelessjarswith ribbedlower bodies. Porous,very pale brownclay(10YR8/4); lustrous, darkreddish brown glaze (5YR 2.5/2 outside, 2.5YR 3/4 inside). O 17:7 Pls. 67, 88 391 (P 26608) Rim Ionian Diam. 0.14. P. H. 0.048; est. One eighth of rim. Interlockingmeander runs around squares divided by diagonals;Lesbian leaf. Intumed rim. Hard, gritty clay, mottled from reddishyellow (5YR6/6) to light red (2.5YR 6/6) to pink (7.5YR 7/4); gritty, shiny black glaze. Cf. Courby,pl. 11:c, "Delian"bowl fromItaly,and pls. 12:2,6, 13:19, 20, p. 379, fig. 76:4, 6, all fromDelos; Delos XXXI, nos. 1923, 2146, p. 207, pl. 47; Labraunda II, i, nos. 105-107, p. 62, pl. 9; TarsusI, fig. 130:f;M. B. Hobling,"GreekRelief-warefromSparta,"BSA 26,1923-25, p. 283, fig. 2:1,from Sparta. Area 0 15 (2nd-centurycontext) P1.67 392 (P 30671) Rim P. H. 0.043; est. Diam. 0.15. Fragmentof rim. Eight-petaled flowers. Intumed rim. Reddish yellow clay (5YR 6/6); dull black glaze. Cf. Annuaire du Musee Greco-Romain(Alexandria),1933/34-1934/35, p. 146,fig. 67:2, p. 148,fig. 69:2, fromtomb of MoustaphaPashanear Alexandria;Bruneau,'"Lavaisselle,"D 4, D 21, D 22, pp. 241-242, pls.40,41; Courby,pls. 12:14,13:29, fromDelos. C 20:2 Pls. 67, 88 393 (P 19759) Rim P. H. 0.038; est. Diam. 0.15. Fragmentof rim. Simplifiedguilloche;bead and reel. Two glazedgrooves below slightlyevertedlip. Hard,fine grayclay(10YR5/1); dull black glaze, mostly missing. For fabric, shape and grooves below rim cf. the concentric-semicirclebowl 401. P-R 6-12

IMPORTEDBOWLS 394 (P 23775) Rim Pls. 67, 88 P. H. 0.05. Fragmentof rim. Simplified guilloche; curved, serrated leaves. Rim nearlyvertical,slightlyeverted.Very micaceous,grayclay (1OYR5/1); blackglaze outside, grayishtan inside.A fragment (P 19774) with the same guilloche and fabric was found in the buildingfill of the Stoa of Attalos (P-R 6-12). Area H 14 (Hellenistic context) 395 (P 20519) Rim Pls. 67, 88 P. H. 0.028. Fragmentof rim. Bead and reel. Verticalrim. Hard,fine grayclay (10YR 5/1); lustrous,gritty black glaze outside, tan inside. N 20:4 LONG-PETALBOWLS(396-399)

396 (P 1116) Plain long-petalbowl Pls. 68, 88 P. H. 0.055; Diam. 0.125. Over half restored. Wall:long petals with circlesbetween tips. Rim: fleursde-lis. Gray clay with very little mica (10YR 5/1); gritty black glaze. H 16:2 397 (P 5638) Plain long-petal bowl PI. 68 H. 0.059; Diam. of rim 0.102. Part of wall and rim restored. Medallion:double eight-petaledrosette surroundedby ridge. Wall: long petals. Rim: one ridge. Intumed rim. Reddish yellow clay (5YR 6/6) with very little mica; hard, yellowishred glaze (5YR5/6). Cf. BSA 39, 1938/39, p. 35, no. 40, pl. 16,p. 34, fig. 15:40,fromIthaka;Parlasca,p. 134, fig. 2, from Memphis. E 14:3

91

Medallion:three small ferns surroundedby two ridges. Wall:long petals separatedby jeweling. Wallsrise steeply frommedallion.Pinkclay (7.5YR7/4) similarto Attic clay in appearance;dull red glaze (2.5YR 5/6). The unusual shape suggests that the bowl may be imported. Area F 13 (Hellenistic context) BOWLS(400-402) CONCENTRIC-SEMICIRCLE

400 (P 6315) Concentricsemicircles P1.68 Max. p. dim. 0.094. Medallion and part of lower wall. Medallion: rosette surrounded by two ridges with scraped groove between them. Wall: three groups of concentricsemicircles(a fourthnow missing),with raised dots in field between them. Reddishyellow clay (5YR6/6) similar to Attic clay in appearance;metallic gray glaze inside,brownoutside.Cf. PergamonXI, i, no. 256, pp. 138139, pl. 49, no. 290, p. 143, pl. 51; KymeI, MB 99-MB 101,p. 68, pl. 14,p. 33, fig. 5; LabraundaII, i, no. 153,p. 65, pl. 11; TarsusI, no. 158, p. 223, fig. 129;AntiochIV, i, fig. 17, no. 26; BSA 39, 1938/39, p. 35, no. 46, pl. 17, from Ithaka. E 14:1 Ca 150 - early 1st century

401 (P 23610 + P 20047) Concentric Pls. 68, 89 semicircles P. H. (P1.68 :a)0.07, (P1.68 :b)0.055, (P1.68 :c)0.045; est. Diam. 0.135. Three non-joiningfragmentsof rim and upper body. Wall: three concentric semicircles with wheel device with curved spokes in center. Raised dots outline their outer edges. Rim: bead and reel. Two glazed grooves below vertical lip. Hard, fine micaceous clay, fired gray below (10YR 5/1), reddish yellow near rim (5YR 6/6); 398 (P 3919) Jeweled long-petalbowl Pls. 68, 88 gritty brown glaze, red near rim. Cf. Bruneau, "La vaisselle," D 10, p. 241, pl. 40; Courby, pl. 13:30, also from H. 0.071; Diam. of rim 0.12. Bowls in Yale University,"p. 240, Delos; Baur,'"Megarian Parts of wall and rim restored. no. 10 and 202, fig. p. 241, no. 208, fig. 11. Plain medallionsurroundedby ridge.Wall:long petals P-R 6-12? (P 23610; P1.68:a, b) separatedby beading. Rim: egg and dart. Intumed rim. P-R 6-12 (P 20047; PI. 68:c) Very micaceous,gritty,light brownclay(7.5YR6/4); poor Ca 150-145 reddishbrownglaze (5YR5/4), partlyred inside. Cf. ACAT 21, B', 1966 [1968], p. 165, pl. 165:e2, from Hellenistic Pls. 68, 89 pyre at Yiaova in Messenia; AeAT24, B', 1969 [1970],p. 402 (P 8523) Concentricsemicircles P. H. 0.046. from also Messenia;Pagenstecher,Expedi142, pl. 140:6, Fragmentof rim and upper wall. tion Ernstvon SieglinII, iii, p. 67, fig. 79:e, from AlexanWall: at left, three concentricsemicircles.Between the D "La vaisselle," 9, p. 241, pl. 40; Delos dria; Bruneau, are slashes, between the lower two is jeweling. two upper XXXI, no. 4482, p. 259, pl. 58, no. 4579, p. 260, pl. 59; in center.At right,edge of lotus petal.Imbricate Rosette(?) Courby,pl. 12:14, also from Delos. between. leaf pattern Plain, inturnedrim. Reddish yellow Area K 14 (modem context) clay(SYR6/6); reddishbrownglaze (2.5YR4/4). A similar 399 (P 4575) Jeweled long-petal bowl PI. 68 fragment(P 6017) comes from E 14:3, middle fill. P. H. 0.037. Area C 8 (early Roman context) Medallion and lower body. Ca 150 - early 1st century

92

CATALOGUE

NET-PATTERN BOWLS(403, 404)

Pls. 69, 89, 97 403 (P 16096) Semicirclesand polygons; signed H. 0.09; Diam. 0.137. Most of rim and fragmentsof wall restored. Medallion: double twelve-petaled rosette surrounded by two ridges.Calyx:eight grapeleaves withinpentagons. Wall:two rowsof hexagons.In lower rowof hexagons,the (see p. 40). Below rimarefive signatureAnlOAA()N[I]AOY each containing three concentric semicircles pentagons, with beadingbetween the lowertwo,jewelingbetween the upper two, and an ivy leaf in the center. Imbricatesmall ferns around semicircles. Plain, everted rim. Soft, very micaceous,light red clay (2.5YR 6/6); red (2.5YR4/8) to brown(7.5YR4/2) glaze.For shapeand polygonscf.Zahn, "HellenistischeReliefgefasse,"no. 25, pp. 64, 67, from southernRussia.For polygonscf. TarsusI, no. 180,p. 224, fig. 131. A fragment (P 19972) with the same medallion and similar,but larger,grape leaves was found in a late Hellenistic context in the Agora. G 14:2 upper fill Ca 150 - early 1st century 404 (P 20511) Crosshatching P1.69 P. H. 0.065. Fragmentpreservingpartof upperwalland rimpattern. Wall: crosshatched.Rim: convex band; pendent small ferns. Hard, light red clay (2.5YR 6/6), red glaze outside (10R 5/6), reddish brown inside (SYR 5/3). The lack of Attic parallelsas well as the fabricsuggests that this is an import. N 19:1 upper fill RELATED MOLDMADE VESSELS (405-410) 405 (P 14327) Undecoratedmoldmade bowl P1.69 H. 0.088; Diam. 0.153. Part of wall restored. Plain medallionsurroundedby two ridgeswith scraped groove between them. Plain wall. Rim: two ridges. Dull black glaze. E 15:4 Ca. 225-140 406 (P 17864) Moldmade West Slope jug: Pls. 69, 89 birds P. H. 0.072; Diam. 0.068. Chips missing from rim, handle, and shoulder. Shape: moldmade lower body. Sloping shoulder with scrapedgrooveatjunctionwith lower body. Concaveneck with scrapedgroove at base. Flaringmouth with molded lip, scraped groove between moldings of lip. Double handle knotted at top, attached at shoulder and lip. Moldmadebody.Medallion:small six- or eight-petaled rosette surroundedby two ridges. Calyx: four rows of

imbricate, small pointed leaves. Wall: birds flying left. Rim: Lesbian leaf; beading. Paint: on shoulder, ivy with incised stem, dilute clay leaves, white berries.On section of handlewhichjoins lip, alternatingwhite and dilute clay stripes. A similarjug

(P 28601)wasfoundin P 21:4. M 21:1 Ca 225-175 407 (P 8557) Moldmade West Slope Pls. 70, 89 torch Erotes amphora: rowing race, P. H. 0.23; Diam. 0.18. Partof foot, half of neck, most of handles,and all of rim restored. Shape: amphorawith broadflat foot with molded edge and molding below point of junction with body. High, nearlyhorizontalshoulder,withscrapedgrooveatjunction with moldmade lower body. Tall, concave neck with scraped groove at base. Rope handles with moldmade masks at base. Moldmade body. Medallion: eight-petaled rosette. Calyx:acanthusleaves with figureskneelingbetween tips. Wall:alternatingscenes of Erotesrowingto left and Erotes with torches riding goats to right. Below, dogs running right.Rosettes in field. Rim: tendril(?);egg and dart.Dull red to brownglaze. For Erotes rowingcf. 165 and 166;for Eros on goat cf. Braun, no. 128. Paint: on shoulder, small checkerboardbetween two long panels of diminishing rectangles; on neck, an ivy garland;both in tan paint. WorkshopA. E 6:1 Ca 225-175 (worn mold) 408 (P 1495) Moldmade West Slope Pls. 71, 90, 91 krater:Pegasos, dancing satyrs P. H. 0.165; est. Diam. 0.31. Almost all of rimand partsof wallrestored;foot missing. Shape: kraterwith flaringrim with scraped groove at junction with moldmade body. Rope handles attachedat top of body. Moldmade body. Medallion: double four-petaled rosette. Calyx: severalrows of lotus petals. Wall:dancing satyrs flanking kraters repeated four times, with large Pegasos flyingrightand frontalgoat mask separatingeach group. Rim: fleurs-de-lis flanked by dolphins; pairs of double spirals;jeweling; egg and dart. Lustrous black glaze; miltos. Paint: ivy garlandpainted around exteriorof rim. Tan lines around handle attachments. Interior: on floor, scraped groove with star painted within; around rim, garlandedcomucopiae alternatewith torches(?).Painted decorationin white and tan. WorkshopA. Area J 13 (Hellenistic context) Ca. 225-175

TOOLS 409 (P 20020a-c) Lead-glazed bowl: Pls. 69, 91 long-petal P. H. (a) 0.06,(b) 0.059,(c) 0.01;Diam.of base0.064. Baseandfragmentsof walland rim. Shape:bowlwith delicateringfoot and slightlyrolled rim. Medallion:rosette(?).Wall:long petals separatedby jeweledlinestoppedbypalmettes.Rim:onegroove.Light red clay (2.5YR6/6). Pale green iridescentglaze. For palmettetoppingjewelingcf. 353. Anotherlead-glazed butprobably fragment(P 19819)withsimilardecoration, froma moldedkantharos, wasfoundina contextofthelate 1st centuryB.C. to early1stcenturyafterChrist.Possibly imported. C 17:5(earlyRomancontext) 1st century 410 (P 15027)Guttus:concentricsemiPls. 69, 97 circles;signed H. 0.145;Diam.0.123. Fragmentsof body, end of spout, and half of rim restored. Shape:moldedring foot, squatlower body meeting moldmadehemispherical upperbodyat an angle.Flaring mouth,moldedrimwithcableoveregganddart.Ridged handlewithbeardedsatyrmaskat base.Tubularspout. Strainerin neck.Upperbodymadein bowlmold. Moldmadebody.Calyx:alternatingacanthusleaves bendingto rightandpointedlotuspetalswithjeweledribs. withleafin center. Wall:foursetsof concentric semicircles Imbricatesmallfernsin field.Rim:beading.Alternating withleavesandpetalsof calyxarethe lettersAPIE,to be restoredas Apio[TGvog] (see p. 40). Soft,grayclay;dull grayishblackglaze.Cf.Courby,pl. 9:e andp. 331,fig.63; Watzinger,pp. 69-70. For the signatureon lamps see AgoraIV, pp. 175-176, type 51 B. For the signature restoredon a moldmadebowlcf. 359.Possiblyimported. F 19:6 Ca. 150 - early 1st century

93

TOOLS USED IN MANUFACTURE OF MOLDMADE RELIEF

BowLs(411-415) STAMPS(411-413)

411 (SS 82) Rosette P1.72 Diam.of stamp0.027;L. of handle0.036. Thompson,p. 453; V. Grace, 'The Die Used for AmphoraStamps," Hesperia4, 1935,p. 425, fig. 8. Intact. rosette.Conicalhandle.Pinkclay. Eleven-petaled AreaH 7 (contextunknown) 412 (MC578)Palmette PI.72 H. of stamp0.03;L. of handle0.037. D. B. Thompson,"HellenisticTerracottas,II C," pp. 260, 262, no. 22. Leftside chippedaway. Stampfor palmettewith centralrib accentuatedby slashes.Conicalhandle.Lightyellowishbrownclay. N 21:4 middlefill 413 (MC 186)Ovolo PI.72 H. of stamp0.018;L. of handle0.028. Intact. Ovolosurrounded by ridge.Conicalhandle.Verypale brownclaywithwhiteinclusions. E 14:1 STACKINGRINGS (414, 415)

PI.72 414 (MC579)Clayring H. 0.017;Diam.0.042(bottom),0.036(top). Intact. Clayringwith concavesides,flaringat bottom.Pale brownclay. N 21:4 lowerfill P1.72 415 (MC577) Clayring Diam. 0.039 H. 0.018; 0.045(bottom), (top). Intact. Clayringwith slightlyslopingsides,flat on top and bottom.Redclay;paleyellowslip. N 21:4 middlefill

DEPOSITS INTRODUCTION The studyof AthenianHellenisticpotteryhas not yet advancedto the pointwherea pot maybe dated It mustinsteadbe datedby the contextin whichit wasfound,whichis in turndatedby the independently. studyof any datableobjectsit may contain.Terracotta lamps,for whichRichardHowlandestablisheda relativechronology,1 can give some clue, but the absolutedatesassignedto themare in need of revision. The only objectswhichprovidea firm basis for datingin the Hellenisticperiodare the coins and the stampedhandlesof storageamphoras. STAMPED AMPHORA HANDLES

The chronologyof the stampedhandlesof Knidianand Rhodianstorageand transportamphorashas been deducedfromvarioustypesof evidence.A generalframeof referenceis providedby historically dated contexts,suchas the floordepositsof the Ptolemaiccampat Koroni(260'sB.C.),the buildingfill of the Stoa of AttalosII in Athens(159-138B.C.), the destructiondepositsat CorinthandCarthage(146 B.C.),andthe destructiondebrisleft by Sullain Athens(86 B.C.).Thepurposeof the stampson the handleswasprobably to insuregovernmentcontrolof the capacitiesof winejars.An amphorausuallyboreboththe stampof the potterwho made it (fabricant)and thatof the datingofficialduringwhose termit was made (eponym). betweenthese names,particularly on physicallyjoined pairsof handles,in Studyof the interrelations conjunctionwiththe developmentof the shapesof the amphorasandtheirhandles,hasresultedin a fairly securechronologyforRhodianandKnidianamphorahandlesof the 3rdand2ndcenturiesbeforeChrist.2 It is constantlybeing adjustedin the light of new evidence. In herpublicationof the stampedamphorahandlesfromthe Maisondes Comedienson Delos,Virginia Grace outlined seven chronologicalperiods in the development of Rhodian and Knidian handles.3These

havebeen used in the DepositSummariesin thisvolume.I am indebtedto MissGraceforthe datesgiven in the summaries,whichrepresenther views as of 1979 (followinga revisionreportedin 1974:Grace, "Revisionsin Early Hellenistic Chronology").She is not, of course, responsible for any errorsthat have crept in throughmy own inattention.The individual-yeardates are to be taken alwayswith a circa; they are

the resultof Grace'sattemptto assign a year to each knownRhodianeponym.4 COINS

Fred Kleinerhas recentlyproposeda chronologyfor the AthenianNew Stylebronzecoinageissued between200 and 86 B.C. His conclusionsare basedon studyand comparisonof the bronzecoins from Hellenisticdepositsand hoardsfromAthensand elsewherein Attica.5He lists 16 majortypesof bronze 1See Agora IV. 2

Grace and Sawatianou-Petropoulakou,pp. 278-279.

3 Ibid., p. 286. 4Grace, "Revisions in Early Hellenistic Chronology,"p. 199. 5 Kleiner, I and II; idem, "The 1926 Piraeus Hoard."

DEPOSITS

95

coinsissuedby the mintof Athensduringtheseyears.6In the DepositSummariesI referwherepossibleto Kleiner'stype numbers. Some of the coin issuesmay be connectedwithhistoricaleventsand in thesecasesthe datingmaybe consideredsecure.Thereis, forinstance,an issuewithAthenaon the obverseandZeushurlinga thundercoinsof thisissuecan bolt ("fulminating Zeus")witha starbetweencrescentsas a symbolon the reverse;7 be datedto 87/6. The starbetweencrescentsappearson the reversesof gold and silvercoinsbearingthe names BADIAEMIePAAATH and APIITION:MithradatesVI of Pontos and his general, Aristion, who

arrivedin Athens in 88 and led the pro-PonticforcesagainstSulla.The coins were issuedjust before Sulla'ssiege of Athens and the Peiraieusin 87/6.8 For earlierissuesof coinswiththe fulminating-Zeus reverse,andformostothertypesas well,Kleineris ratherthan historicalevidence,and his dates depend forcedto base his conclusionson archaeological heavilyon thoseof the stampedamphorahandles.Thisis mostobviousin his comparisonof the fillsof the Hellenisticstoasin the Agora.9Grace'sresearchesindicatethatthe lateststampedamphorahandlesin the fillof the Middle fillunderthe Stoaof Attalosareaboutthirty-five yearslaterthanthosein the construction Stoa.Sheconcludesthatthe MiddleStoafillwasclosedaround180B.C., the fillof the Stoaof Attalosabout 146 B.C.(see H-K 12-14 andP-R 6-12). The samecoinsarefoundin bothfills.10New typesdo notappear fill of SouthStoaII around140 B.C. (M-N 15:1).11Kleinerconcludes untilthe closingof the construction thatfora periodof aboutthirty-five years,ca. 180 to ca. 145 B.C., the Athenianmintstruckno coins.This conclusionseemsjustified,but it mustbe rememberedthatit is supportedsolelyby the chronologyof the stampedamphorahandles.If thatwereto be adjusted,the datingof the coins,too, wouldhaveto change. DATES

In assigningdatesto depositsone mustassumea time lag of someyearsbetweenthe dateof manufacin Rhodesor Knidoswouldnot be tureand the dateof depositof the objects.An amphoramanufactured the since discardedin Athensuntilsome yearslater,especially amphoras,once emptiedof theircontents, wereprobablyused as watercontainers.Coinsoftencirculatedfora long time beforetheywerelost. The wearof a coingivessomeindicationof howlongit wasin use, butwithotherobjectsit is usuallyimpossible anddeposit.Somethingswereveryold whentheywere to knowmuchtime elapsedbetweenmanufacture new. The datesgivenhereforthe depositsareapproxidiscarded,whileothersmay havebeen practically and the coins from deduced stampedamphorahandles. primarily mations, The evidencefromwellsandcisternsis morereliablethanthatfrombuildingfillsanddrains.Wellsare HellenisticAthenianspreferredto use cisternsfor the least subjectto contamination but, unfortunately, theirwatersupply,andrelativelyfewHellenisticwellshavebeen excavated.Cisterns,withtheirconnecting tunnels,are morelikelyto containintrusivematerialand are also more difficultto excavatestratigraphiin practically horizontallayersbecauseof the smalldiameterof the well. cally.Thefill of a wellaccumulates The fill of a cisternaccumulatesin a cone at the centerof the floor.It cannotbe excavatedin horizontal layers,sincethe latestmaterialmayhaveslid downto the floorfromthe top of the cone.Unlessthereis a strikingdifferencein the earthof successivefills,it is almostimpossibleto distinguishbetweenthemin the sealed attendexcavation.Buildingfills,althoughpresumably darkandwet conditionsthatalmostinvariably by the building,areusuallydisturbedto some degree.Theytendto be largeandcontainmiscellaneousand potteryof a widerangeof dates.Thefillsof drainsareevenless reliable;therearealwaysintrufragmentary 6

Kleiner, I, pp. 3-8, 38, Table IV. 7 Kleiner 2k; cf. Svoronos, pl. 81:45-48. 8 Kleiner, "The 1926 Piraeus Hoard,"pp. 178-180. See Kleiner, I, p. 36, note 56 for objections. 9 Kleiner, II, pp. 303, 309, 311, 314. '1 Ibid., pp. 329-330; deposits I and IV, pp. 303-309, 313-317. 1 Ibid., p. 330; deposits VI-VIII, pp. 318-325.

96

DEPOSITS

sions, perhapsbecause watercontinued to tricklethroughthe disused drain,bringingwith it the occasional coin or sherd. ANDCONVENTIONS TERMINOLOGY

on the standard Depositsin the Agoraexcavationsareidentifiedby letterandnumber,theircoordinates Agoragridof twenty-meter squares(e.g. A 1; see PI.99). Depositsin the samesquareareassignedadditional numbers in sequence (e.g. A 1:1, A 1:2, etc.). Deposits coveringa largeareaare identifiedby general location only (e.g. H-K 12-14 or P-R 6-12). Entries below are arrangedin alphabetical,then numerical, order. The locations of the deposits are marked on the plan (PI. 99). Most entries consist of a brief description of the deposit and a summary of its important datable contents; this summaryhas been omitted for Roman deposits and a few poorly dated Hellenistic contexts. Stamped amphora handles are usually referred to by their Agora inventory numbers; for the Knidian handles the Knidiantype (KT) number is given as well.12 In some cases coins have been referredto by their Agora inventory numbers: a number preceded by a Greek letter. The numbers of the bowls found in the deposit that are included in the Catalogueare listed after the discussion. General bibliographyis listed at the end, including references to the sections on deposits in previousAgora volumes; bibliographyon specific objects of importanceoccurs in parenthesesin the appropriate place in the discussion.

DEPOSIT SUMMARIES A 18:1

Cistern (lowerfill)

Thirdand earlyfourthquar- stampedamphorahandlesdateto secondandthirdquartersof 3rdcentury tersof 2ndcentury,withexceptionof fourlaterhandles: Lowerfill separatedby layerof crushedbedrockfrom twoKnidianof ca. 108and88namingeponymsSosiphron 9193[KT1554])andAndromenes (SS10107[KT650]) earlyRomanupperfill.Five stampedamphorahandles, (SS and two Latin MAARCI stamps reading (SS 9000, SS three of which are securelydated;none is after 225 Aside from two Roman latest coinsare 9129). intrusions, fabricantsMenekrates, (RhodianeponymXenophantos; Athenian bronzes 120 probably deposited by (Kleiner 2b, Soterichos: SS 9917, SS 9918, SS 9912).Two coins of Latest 4, 5, 13, is 35 A. 16). lamp type second half of 3rd century(Svoronos,pl. 24:10-16; 45 pl. 104:8-18).Fragmentsof 6 bowls. AgoraIV, nos. 309, 392, 411, 457, 463, 618, 813; 375 Districtof Ancient Agora X; XII;Young,"AnIndustrial Agora IV. Athens," pp. 262-263; Kleiner,II, pp. 15-19.

A 18:7

Pit

Hellenisticand Roman B 20:2 Cistern Firstquarterof 2nd century Eightcoinsrangingfrom4thto 1stcentury,withpottery Cisternwithsinglefill,connectedby passageto cistern continuingto at least3rdcenturyafterChrist. filledin early2ndcenturyafterChrist.Seventeenstamped 82 amphorahandles;Knidiandate early in periodIV A (188-167);oneRhodiandatesto 184(eponymKleukrates: SS 9383).Types33 A and 34 variantlamps(AgoraIV, A-B 19-20:1 Fillin Secondquarterof no. 465). Possiblefragmentof long-petalbowlmust be GreatDrain 2nd centuryto intrusive.Laterlampsalsointrusive(AgoraIV,nos. 863, 86 B.C. 885).One mold. Fillin southernbranchof GreatDrainin industrial area 8, 180,241,318 outside southwestcomer of Agora.Damage to drain AgoraXII;Young,"AnIndustrialDistrictof Ancient before fillingsuggestsfill depositedafter Sullansack. Athens,"pp. 70, fig. 1, 263, 266; Grace and SawatianouCf.D-E 15:1andH 12:1forotherfilsindrain.Mostof 134 Petropoulakou, p. 381. 12

For an explanation of Knidian Type numbers see Grace and Sawatianou-Petropoulakou,p. 323.

97

DEPOSITS B 20:7

Well (upper fill)

Second half of 3rd century, not quite to end

Two use fills of earlyand middle 3rdcenturyand upper dumped fill; only upper fill contained moldmade bowls. Most of seven stamped amphora handles date in third quarter of 3rd century; latest is Rhodian of ca. 217 (eponym Xenostratos: SS 9663). One coin of early 3rd century (Svoronos,pl. 24:51-57). Latest lamp type 43 C. Fragmentsof about 20 bowls. 215, 247, 286 D. B. Thompson, "HellenisticTerracottas,II B," pp. 127-152 (Altar Well). C 10:1 D 10:3

Manhole Manhole

E 10:1

Manhole

Late 2nd to early 1st century Second half of 3rd century to early third quarterof 2nd century Sullan destructiondebris

Three manholesprovidingaccess to system of channels, wells, and cisterns.Three othermanholesin system closed in Roman times. E 10:1. Twenty stamped amphora handles dating before 88. Three 3rd-centurycoins. Type 38 lamp; type 56 A lamp indicatesdisturbancein later 1st centuryB.C. or early 1st century after Christ (Agora IV, nos. 513, 797). Over half of bowls long-petal. D. B. Thompson, "HellenisticTerracottas,V," p. 50; Grace and Sawatianou-Petropoulakou,p. 381. C 10:1.Six stampedamphorahandles;two latest are Knidianand date ca. 107-97: eponym Damokritos(SS 4864 [KT556]); duoviri of year of eponym Stratokles (SS 6613 [KT 2126]). Two thirds of bowls long-petal. 327, 331 Grace and Sawatianou-Petropoulakou,p. 381. D 10:3.Five stampedamphorahandlesof second half of 3rd century to mid-2nd century; latest dated by Knidian eponym Kleumbrotos (SS 4873 [KT 1194]). One 3rd-centurycoin. Type 48 A lamp. One third of bowls long-petal;one long-petalmold. 350 C 17:5

Pit

Hellenistic and early Roman

Broad range of date reflected in stamped amphora handles and unstamped amphoras,which date from 3rd century to 1st century after Christ. 12, 409 C 20:2

Dumped fill

To 150 B.C.

Hellenistic fill thrown behind west wall of House N in early 1st century after Christ (Young, "An Industrial

District of Ancient Athens,"pp. 273-276). Wide range of date, but most objects no later than mid-2nd century. Many terracottafigurines,molds for figurines,two molds for relief bowls; possibly debris from factory.None of 12 stampedamphorahandles dates afterabout 146; Knidian handles date in periods IV A (188-167) and IV B (166-146). No latercoins.No long-petalbowls,but type 54 A lamp represents later material. Related fill to west containedlamps of late 2nd and 1st centuries(AgoraIV, nos. 515, 868). 78, 181, 392 Agora IV; Young, "An IndustrialDistrict of Ancient Athens,"pp. 249, 268, 274; Graceand Sawatianou-Petropoulakou,p. 381. D 5:2

Cistern System

Hellenistic and Roman

Cistern, drawshaft and passages containing mostly Hellenistic pottery, but two Roman coins and some late Roman pottery.The amphorahandles rangefromthe last quarterof the 3rd century(SS 7261) to early 1st century (SS 7332, SS 7337). 143 D 10:3

See C 10:1

D 11:3 D 11:4 + D 12:2

Drawshaft (lower fill) Cistern and Drawshaft (lower fill)

1st century,almost to end 2nd century to first half of 1st century

System of two chambers, three drawshafts,and two blind tunnels.One shaftand one chamberfilledin Roman times. Lower fills of D 11:4 and D 12:2 (separated by tunnel 0.50 m. long) are the same. D 11:3,D 11:4, and D 12:2 had upper fills of Roman date. D 11:3.Thirteenstampedamphorahandles,of which six Knidian date in last years before 88 (eponyms Andromenes, Hermon, Hermophantos).Hermophantos dates immediatelybefore or after hiatus of stamps from 88 to ca. 85 (SS 4920 [KT 882]; see Grace and Sawatianou-Petropoulakou,p. 334, under E 98; for the hiatus see pp. 322-323). Only coin a very worn bronze ofAntigonos Gonatas(277-239). Fragmentsof Arretine potteryindicatecisternopen until ca. 10 B.C. Overhalfof bowls long-petal. D 11:4. Nineteen stamped amphora handles, one joining handle from D 12:2.Most are Knidianand date before 146 (period IV B), many before 166 (period IV A). One exception dates in early 1st century:eponym Aristainos(SS 5306 [KT1510]). Many late 2nd-century lamps.

DEPOSITS

98

D 12:2. Nine stampedamphorahandles:several Knidianshortlybefore88 namingeponymsHermon (SS 5018 [KT1370])and Andromenes(SS 5029 [KT 1500]);two late Knidianhandlesof 86-50 (eponym Antipatros:SS 5109; a leaf, no letters: SS 5024). Latestcoin dates 85-ca. 70 (Svoronos,pl. 79:18-21). Despitethe laterdateof the stampedamphorahandles andcoinsin D 12:2,physicaljoinsbetweenpotteryin D 12:2and D 11:4indicateall potterydepositedat one time.Aboutone fifthof bowlslong-petal. 73bis,189,207,249 AgoraIV; XII.

D 14:1

Well (upperfill)

86 AgoraV.

LateRoman

D-E 15:1

Fill in GreatDrain

Secondhalfof 2nd centuryto early 1st century

Fill in west branchof drainnorthof east-westroad. Upper layer Roman,lower layer Hellenistic.Cf. A-B 19-20:1andH 12:1forotherfillsin GreatDrain.Twentyfive stampedamphorahandles;latestis Knidiandating SS9395[KT1505]). slightlyafter100(eponymAristainos: Latestof 79 coins date in last quarterof 2nd century (Kleiner2h, 16).Potterycloselysimilarto thatin Thompson'sGroupE. Twomolds,one forlong-petalbowl. 274,357 AgoraIV.

E 5:2

Cistern

Secondhalfof 3rdcenturyto early 2nd century

Cisternconnectedby tunnelto anotherchamberfilled in Byzantineperiod.SmallHellenisticdepositon floor, D 17:4 Cistern 2nd to early1st century somewhatcontaminatedby Byzantinefill above. No (lowerfill) stampedamphorahandleslaterthan3rdcentury(SS6818, Hellenisticfills.A SS 6845, SS 6846, SS 6857, SS 6858; EtudesthasiennesIV, Lowestof threenearlycontemporary single stamped amphora handle dates around 90 nos. 1265,1486).Coins:two Byzantine,one 3rd-century Ptolemaic,one Athenianof ca. 200 (Kleiner1). Latest (SS 10712). of manybowls(ca.40),similar lamptype45 C. Fragments 14, 116 to thosein M 21:1andP 21:4. 16, 18, 24, 30, 89, 124,176,254,255,371 Thirdquarterof 2nd D 17:5 Cistern(upperfill) AgoraXII century Firsthalfof 2nd cen(lowerfill) E 6:2 Cistern(upper Late2nd to early tury? 1st century fill) Oneof threechambersof cisternsystem.Sterilesandat E 6:1 + E 6:2 Cisterns(lower Secondand third bottomwithtwo distinctdumpedfillsabove. quartersof 2nd fill) Upper fill: two stampedamphorahandlesdatein third century quarterof 2ndcentury(1 Koan,1 Rhodianwithfabricant connectedbytunnel.Lowerfillintunnel Twochambers SS 10497,SS 10498).Latestcoins date in Drakontidas: E 6:2hadupperfillof and both chambers contemporary. firsttwo decadesof 2ndcentury(Kleiner9). Onethirdof E was Roman. fill 6:1 of 1st century. Upper early bowlslong-petal. 265 E 6:2 (upperfill):threeKnidianamphorahandles Lowerfill: one unique bronze coin of Histiaia(?) datefromlate2ndto early1stcentury,namingeponyms probablydatingin 2nd century(for obversesee SNG (SS6502[KT1598]),Sosiphron(SS6503 Euphragoras 510, 511, 547-549).No long-petalbowls, [Copenhagen] [KT 1568]),and Aristomenes(SS 6504 [KT 1626]). but bowlsof MMonogramClassindicatecisternfilledin Coinof 130-90(Kleiner6). Type51 C lamp(AgoraIV, second quarterof 2nd century.Potterywell preserved; no. 693).Althoughtheseobjectsarelaterthanthosein householddump. probablya contemporary lowerfill,a singlejoinbetweenmaterialfromupperand 13, 32, 112,117,147,162,187,213 lowerfillsandpresenceof long-petalbowlsin bothfills AgoraIV; Young,"An IndustrialDistrictof Ancient indicatesomemixingof the two fills. Athens,"p. 182; D. B. Thompson,"HellenisticTerra146 Cistern). cottas,V,"p. 50 (Papposilenos E 6:1 + E 6:2 (lowerfill):joins betweenobjectsin chambersand tunnelbetweenthem indicatefill both with Cistern 4th to early3rdcentury, D-E 8-9:1 Latestof 20 stampedamphorahandlesare the same. Hellenisticdisturbance system date Knidian, 188-167(periodIVA) (SS6517[KT531], 234,387 SS 6500[KT654],SS 6511[KT765],SS 6515and SS Stampsfroman Attic AgoraXII; Corbett,'"Palmette 6518 [bothKT 1383]).Latestcoin dates in firsttwo BlackGlazeWorkshop," p. 178,underno. 2.

DEPOSITS decadesof 2nd century(Kleiner9). Despite earlydateof coins and amphora handles, long-petal bowls indicate cisternnot filled beforemid-2ndcentury.Figuredbowls have thickwalls, small indistinctfigures,and must date in second quarterof 2nd century. 107, 407

AgoraIV;XII;XIV,p. 80, note235;Edwards,"Panathenaics,"p. 335, note 52; D. B. Thompson, "Hellenistic Terracottas, V," p. 50 (EgyptianCistern); Grace and Sawatianou-Petropoulakou,p. 381. E 10:1

See C 10:1

E 14:1

Cistern (lower fill)

Second half of 3rd century (disturbed)

Connectedby tunnelswithE 15:3and E 14:3,all filledat different dates. Upper late Roman fill. Late Hellenistic accumulation or disturbance over surface of lower fill. Twenty stampedamphorahandles,mostly Rhodianof ca. 244-220, the latestperhapsca. 218 (eponym Simylinos:SS 4173). Note, however, pair of Knidianhandles of ca. 150 found near top of fill (eponym Euphragoras:SS 4266 and SS 4268 [both KT 962]). Coins: several early 3rd century (Svoronos,pl. 22:64-70; pl. 103:17);Athenian or Delian bronzeof 85-30 (Svoronos,pl. 106:29);Athenianimperial bronzeof 2nd centuryafterChrist(Svoronos,pl. 85). Most pottery dates in second half of 3rd century but evidence of disturbance includes coins and Knidian handles mentioned above, earlyRoman pottery,lamp, and glass, "Pergamene"ware,and fragmentsof 18 long-petalbowls. Possibly disturbancecomes from lower fill of drawshaftE 14:3, which extended down connectingtunnel towardsE 14:1. One stamp for manufactureof molds. 49, 108, 291, 330, 379, 400, 413 AgoraIV; V; XII; Hesperia5, 1936, pp. 37-38, figs. 37, 38; D. B. Thompson,"HellenisticTerracottas,II B,"p. 130, note 15; Pnyx, p. 142, under no. 84. E 14:3

Drawshaft First and early second quarters of 1st century (middle fill)

Drawshaftconnected with chambersE 14:1and E 15:3 by tunnels. Shaft also contained lower fill of late 4th and 3rd centuries, upper fill of 3rd centuryafter Christ.Only middle fill contained moldmade relief bowls. Twenty stamped amphora handles: consistent group of 19 Knidiandatingbetween 108 and 88 (periodVI), 13 in latest terms of this series, slightly before 88 (eponyms Andromenes, Aristokrates,Hermon, Pisinos). Coins include 19 specimensof earliestAthenianpost-Sullancoinage,dating between 86 and ca. 70 (Svoronos,pl. 25:12;pl. 79:1-17; pl. 104:31-37,46-50; pl. 107:16-20).Overtwo thirdsof bowls long-petal. 324, 334, 343, 397

99

AgoraIV; Hesperia5, 1936,p. 38, fig. 38; D. B. Thompson, "HellenisticTerracottas,VII A," pp. 1-19; Grace and Sawatianou-Petropoulakou, p. 381; Price,"TheNew Style Coinage of Athens," pp. 32-33, deposit II. E 14:6

Well (upper fill)

Early Roman

Mostly early Roman with some Hellenistic material, including a type 48 A lamp and three Knidianstamped amphorahandles of the duoviriperiod,datingearlyin the 1st century (SS 6168-SS 6170). Lower fill is Hellenistic. 388 Grace and Sawatianou-Petropoulakou,p. 335, under E 102. E 15:3

Cistern

1st century B.C. to early 1st century after Christ

Connected by long tunnel to E 14:1 and E 14:3. Eighteen stamped amphorahandles, many post-Sullan.Coins are later, giving date in firstor second decade afterChrist (Svoronos,pl. 79:38-42; pl. 80:29, 30, 37-42; pl. 104:37). 118, 119, 388 AgoraIV. E 15:4

Cistern

First to early third quarterof 2nd century

Unstratifiedfill.Latestoften stampedamphorahandles are two Knidian of second quarter of 2nd century naming eponyms Aristeides(SS 4598 [KT336])and Lysanios (SS 4599 [KT 856]), and one Rhodian of ca. 177 (eponym Archilaidas:SS 4600). Worn coin of 200-180 found in fill over bedrocknearby, which is probablysame fill as that of cistern(Kleiner2b). Type 34 A lamp (Agora IV, no. 447). Manyfragmentsof long-petalbowls, suggesting materialdeposited ca. 140 or later.Cf. PiraeusCistern for occurrenceof long-petalbowls with amphorahandles of early second quarterof 2nd century (see Appendix). 64, 202, 287, 405 D. B. Thompson, "HellenisticTerracottas,V," p. 50. F5:1

Cistern(middlefill)

Firsthalfof 2nd century

Nearly sterile lower fill, dumped middle fill, early Roman upper fill. None of 18 stamped amphorahandles later than 150, closely paralleledby handles in G 5:3 and L 19:2. Rhodian eponyms Agesippos, Eukles, Nikon (3rd century);latest Knidianeponyms are Diogenes (SS 7668 and SS 7676 [both KT 581]), Dion (SS 7674 [KT 913]), (SS7717[KT197]),andMenippos(SS7664[KT Euphragoras coin dates in late 3rd or early 2nd century Latest 1123]). (Svoronos,pl. 23:47-49). Later intrusion representedby type 50 B lamp of late 2nd to early 1st century.Moldmade bowls have thick walls and small indistinctfiguressimilar

DEPOSITS

100

to those on bowls in G 5:3 and some examples in Thompson's Group C. No long-petalbowls. 113, 126, 377 p. 335, note 51. AgoraIV;XII;Edwards,"Panathenaics," F 13:3

Sullan destructiondebris

Well (upper fill)

Well in courtyardof PorosBuilding.Loweruse fill of 4th centuryand upperfillconsistingof immediatelypre-Sullan use fill and contemporarydump, probablydepositedafter destructionof Poros Building in 86. Among 74 stamped amphorahandles are 67 Knidian,mostly dating 146-108 (period V); two date late in period VI, just before 88, naming eponyms Andromenes (SS 3679 [KT 479]) and Hermon (SS 3680 [KT1158]).Latestcoins areAthenianor Delian issues of 2nd or 1st century(Svoronos,pl. 106:4851); one very worn coin may be Augustan (Svoronos,pl. 79:38-42: Agora coin number B'-1097). This coin and fragment of early Roman pottery indicate disturbance. Over half of bowls long-petal. 224, 335 AgoraIV; XII; Grace, 'The CanaaniteJar,"pp. 95, 108, no. 2.

tain) datingbetween 200 and 110 (Kleiner2a-g). Type 45 C lamp supportsearly2nd-centurydate.Disturbanceindicated by two later coins (one of 40-30 from manhole; one of 1st or 2nd century after Christ in one of tunnels) and small fragmentof what may be long-petalbowl (P 30396). Otherwise bowls resemble those in M 21:1 and P 21:4. Large number of bowls (ca. 40). 19, 23, 68, 91, 214, 242 F 19:3

Cistern

Second halfof 2nd century down to ca. 110

Chamberof cisternsystem; homogeneous fill. Thirteen Knidian stamped amphora handles, none later than ca. 110.One 2nd-centuryAthenianbronzecoin (Svoronos,pl. 107:31-35). Cistern also yielded inscriptionof 122/1 (B. D. Meritt,"GreekInscriptions,"Hesperia10, 1941,pp. 6162, no. 26). See Appendix under Group E. Thompson, pp. 392-427; AgoraIV; XII; D. B. Thompson, "HellenisticTerracottas,VI," pp. 50-53; Grace and Sawatianou-Petropoulakou,p. 322. F 15:3

Well

Late Roman

Easternmost of two late wells dug through cistern system that contained Thompson's Group E. The well containedseveralHellenisticpieces, almost certainlyfrom the fill of the cistern system and thereforecontemporary with Group E. 342 Thompson, p. 393, fig. 81. F 17:4

Cistern

Last quarterof 3rd century to early 2nd century

Main chamber of system with two blind tunnels and manhole. Unstratifiedfill with disturbance.Latest of 16 stampedamphorahandlesdates ca. 214 (Rhodianeponym Astymedes: SS 14658). Latest coin is Athenian bronze with fulminatingZeus with eagle on reverse(issue uncer-

Sullan destructiondebris

Shallowwell with lower fill of pottery,tiles, and plaster; upperfill of tiles and stones slightly,if any, later.Twentyof 23 stamped amphorahandles come from 17 Knidianjars datedto termsof seven differenteponyms;six of the seven date in second half of period VI (i.e. between 98 and 88). Eponyms Aristokratesand Hermon occur on eight jars. Only legible coin dates in 4th century."Pergamene"ware confirms date of fill. Fragments of "Samian"ware and Pompeian-redwaremust be intrusive.Two thirdsof bowls long-petal. 34 Grace and Sawatianou-Petropoulakou,p. 381. F 19:6

F 15:2(GroupE)

Well (lower fill)

Well

First half of 1st century

Shallow well with three closely contemporary fills, considered as one deposit. Joins between objects in all three fills. Only datablestampedhandlesare on a Knidian amphoraof no laterthan mid-ist century(SS 9461:Picture Book No. 6, fig. 64; Grace and SawatianouPetropoulakou,p. 333 under E 96, p. 354 under E 220, p. 317, note 2 ). Only coin a Chian bronze probablyof 1st century (BMC[Ionia],p. 337, nos. 85-97, pl. 32:15). 410 Agora IV; X; Grace and Sawatianou-Petropoulakou, p. 381. G 5:3

Well (lower fill)

Second quarterof 2nd century

Lower fill contained bones of 100-200 infants and 85 dogs. Byzantine upper fill. Stamped amphora handles includefourKnidianof periodIVA (188-167), one of IVB (166-146) (eponym Euphragoras:SS 8196 [KT 197]). Handles dated by Euphragorasalso occur in F 5:1 and L 19:2. Only coin dates to late 4th or early 3rd century. Type 33 A and 45 C lamps (Agora IV, no. 440). Most figured bowls are of M Monogram Class. No long-petal bowls. 31, 73, 109, 144, 236 Agora XII; Hesperia 8, 1939, pp. 238-239; Edwards, p. 339, no. 9; V. Grace,"StandardPottery "Panathenaics," Containersof the Ancient Greek World,"in Commemorative Studies in Honor of TheodoreLeslie Shear,Hesperia, Suppl. VIII, 1949, p. 186, no. 8.

DEPOSITS G 6:2 (Group C)

Cisterns

First and early second quartersof 2nd century

Two chambersof cisternsystem with sealed Hellenistic lower fills; Byzantine upper fill in one chamber. One stamped amphora handle of ca. 200 (Grace, "Stamped AmphoraHandles,"p. 269, no. 199 [disregardreading]:SS 282 [KT 1784]). Latest of five coins is a worn Athenian triobolof 229-215 (Svoronos,pl. 24:25-27). Date based on comparisonwith F 5:1 and G 5:3 near by. See Appendix under Group C. Thompson, pp. 345-369; AgoraIV; XII.

G 13:4

(GroupA)

Last quarterof 3rd Well century to second (upper fill) quarter of 2nd century (lower fill) Late 4th century to first third of 3rd century

101

rather than accumulatedover a period of time. Most of bowls long-petal. 111, 332 AgoraIV; XII. G 14:5

Cistern (lower fill)

Second half of 2nd century

Cistern with small lower fill and Roman upper fill; connected by tunnel with chamber filled in Byzantine period. Only stamped amphora handle (SS 333) dates ca. 125 (Grace, "StampedAmphora Handles," p. 251, no. 131). Half of bowls long-petal. 309 H 6:4

Well

Second half of 3rd century,not quite to end

Homogeneous fill. Later of two Rhodian stamped amphorahandles dates to ca. 217 (eponym Xenostratos: SS 148; Grace, "Stamped Amphora Handles," p. 221, no. 18). Fragmentsof only two bowls. 4, 152 Agora IV; Hesperia 2, 1933, pp. 453-454; Grace, "StampedAmphora Handles,"p. 208.

Well with lower use fill and upper abandonmentfill. Upperfill:presence of moldmade relief bowls indicates date at least as late as last quarterof 3rdcentury.No coins or stamped amphorahandles. Lowerfill: close correspondences with pottery from Cistern Late 3rd century to first Koroni indicate deposit closed in 260's. One Thasian H 6:9 half of 2nd century fill) (upper amphora handle (SS 1160: Etudes thasiennesIV, p. 392, no. 1607; Pnyx, p. 136, under no. 56); no coins. See Chamberof cisternsystem. Lower fill of last quarterof Appendix under Group A. 4th century and first quarter of 3rd century. Twelve Thompson, pp. 313-330; Agora IV; XII; Vanderpool, stampedamphorahandles.Rhodiandate between ca. 217 McCredie,and Steinberg,"Koroni:A Ptolemaic Camp," (eponym Xenostratos: SS 74) and 197 (eponym Philop. 59; Grace, "Notes on the Amphoras,"p. 329; Vander- damos: SS 68). Latest Knidian dates after 167 (eponym pool, McCredie,and Steinberg,"Koroni:the Date of the Polycharos:SS 64 [KT 1183]), anotherprobablyafter 188 Camp,"pp. 74-75; McCredie,"FortifiedMilitaryCampsin (fabricantDoxaios: SS 66 [KT 498]). Fragments of late Attica,"pp. 11-13. Roman lamp and bowl indicate disturbance.Small fragments of bowls of M MonogramClass; one mold. 132, 306 First quarterof 1st cenWell (upper fill) G 14:2 Agora IV; X; XII; R Stillwell,"ArchitecturalStudies," tury Hesperia2, 1933,pp. 126-128, figs. 13-14, p. 454; Hesperia (middle fill) 4th to 2nd century 6, 1937, pp. 207-208. For the stamped amphorahandles Lower fill of early 4th century. Disturbed middle fill see Grace,"StampedAmphoraHandles,"pp. 221, no. 17; separatedfrom upper fill by empty space and packingof 224, no. 32; 226-227, nos. 41, 43-45; 236, no. 81; 247, no. 118; 249, no. 122; 283, no. 243; 286, no. 255; 289, amphoras. Upperfill: two Knidian amphora handles and one no. 269. restoredamphoradatingto 108-98 (eponym Alexandros: SS 9465 [KT5]), to slightlybefore 88 (eponym Androme- H 12:1 Second half of 2nd Fill in Great Drain nes: SS 326 [KT 1695]), and to slightly after ca. 85 century (eponym Euboulos: SS 9464 [KT 1788 + KT 2128]). Most Fill in course of west branchof drainabandonedwhen of bowls long-petal. propylonsouth of Tholos built.See A-B 19-20:1 and D-E 346, 403 Middle fill: no coins or datable stamped amphora 15:1 for other deposits in drain. Twenty-five stamped handles. Lamps indicate broad range of date. Long-petal amphorahandles;five Knidianprobablydate between ca. bowls found at all depths, suggesting fill was dumped 146 and 108, namingAsklepiodorosII (SS 7655 [KT 12]),

DEPOSITS

102

i(SS 7656 [KT (SS7790[KT321]),Menekrates Euphranor an,A QC 0] j anu 33 (SS7650[KT11 '17Q01 1434,IV]),andPhilombrotidas 8147[KT1124]).Latestcoinsdepositedin th rdquarterof 2nd centuryor slightlylater (Kleiner4, 7 12-14 16). Re-examinationof four coins originallythioughtto be Imperialindicatestwo Hellenistic(Agoracoin numbers Z-2790,Z-2864),one illegible(Z-2776),andc 1st bly intrusive or early 2nd centuryafter Christ,probal to (Z-2748;Svoronos,pl. 88:49-50). Potterytcssimilar wl, kar Thompson'sGroupE. Figuredbowls have thickwalls, smallstamps,andwereproducedin wornmcoldsof coarse Half of bowlslong-petal.Oine long-petal workmanship. mold. 27, 285,347 AgoraIV;X; Kleiner,II,pp. 11-15;Thon pop. , Ct (under347 above),pp. 119-121. H 16:2

Cistern (lowerfill)

Sullandestnuctiondebris

Partof largewatersystemwithat leastfour chambers andmanholesconnectedby tunnels.LateB.omanupper fill. Latestcoin datesto 87/6 (Kleiner2k); seven others datein secondhalfof 2nd century(Kleiner2h, 3, 4, ' 16). Coinof TheodosiusI is intrusive(A.D. 379-395) 359, 364, 396

H 16:3(GroupB)

Cisterns

Ca.320-240

Two chambersand drawshaftconnectedIb tunnels; pelikai three depositsof overlappingdates.Red-fitwgured indicate earlier limits (Thompson,B 1-u2)dRhodian amphora(SS 370) fromlatestpartof depc)sithas been in EarlyHellenisticChro datedca.240(Grace,"Revisions nology,"p. 197).Worncoinof firstquarterof 3rdcentury -miin R D. (Svoronos,pl. 22:67).See Appendixunder%JIUUp Thompson, pp. 330-345; Agora IV; XII; XXI; oni: A PtoleMcCredie,andSteinberg,"Kor Vanderpool, maicCamp,"p. 59;Grace,"Noteson the Annphoras," pp. 327-329;Vanderpool, McCredie,andSteinberg,"Koroni: The Date of the Camp,"pp. 74-75;McCred lie,"Fortified in Grace and SawatianouMilitaryCamps Attica,"p. 13; "Revisi in Early ions Petropoulakou, pp. 292, 381;Grace, 194. HellenisticChronology," p.

H-K 12-14

MiddleStoabuildingfill

To ca. 180

Constructionfill under floorof west end of Middle Stoa

and betweenMiddleStoa and Heliaiato south. Date basedon Grace'sanalysisof ca. 1500stampedamphora handlesin fill.None of nearly900 Rhodianhandleslater withhandles than183or182.Datingbasedon comparison dated210-176or 175(see in Pergamondeposit,currently p. 108).Sevenof the 12or 13latesteponymsinPergamon in construction fillofMiddleStoa, depositnotrepresented fill seven closed about Stoa yearsearlierthan implying in i.e. 183 or 182 (GraceandSawatiaPergamondeposit, nou-Petropoulakou,pp. 290-291). Latest Rhodian I or Theaidetos.None of eponymis eitherNikasagoras 400 Knidianhandlesbeartitle"phrourarapproximately chos" characteristicof period IV A (188-167), but five

names which occur elsewherewith this title appear (Archestratos,Philophron,Philippos,Philtatos,Theuphantos);see Grace and Sawatianou-Petropoulakou, p. 320.LatestKnidianhandlesthereforedateshortlyafter 188. Analysis of amphorahandles does not support evidence,thatfar contention,suggestedby architectural laterthanrestof Stoa westendwasfinishedsubstantially (seeI 14:2).Latestcoinsdate200-180(Kleiner2c,9).Five of long-petalbowlsandonefragmentof figured fragments bowlof MMonogramClasscomefromdisturbedareaof fill at west end of building.Otherwisebowlssimilarto of thosein otherdepositsof early2ndcentury.Fragments six molds. 37, 50, 63, 65, 83, 114, 131, 137, 140, 164, 182, 196, 198,

220,223,229,232,264,278,282,283,294,296,314-316 AgoraIV; XII; XIV, pp. 66-68; D. B. Thompson, "HellenisticTerracottas,IV," p. 317; Kleiner,I, pp. 303-311,depositsI-II; Kleiner,II, pp. 29, 32; Graceand pp. 290-291, 382; Grace, Sawatianou-Petropoulakou, " "'TheCanaaniteJar,"pp. 97, 109,nos. 9-11. I 14:2

Pithossettlingbasin

2nd century?

Fill of pithoswhichservedas settlingbasinin frontof westendof southsideof Heliaia.Basinprobablycovered at west endof Middle duringfinalphasesof construction Stoa. Architectureof west end of Stoa suggestsit was finishedlaterthanrestof building;thislaterbuildingactivity has been associatedwith Hellenisticfill south of MiddleStoa(Kleiner,I, pp.311-313,depositIII:H-I 14:1) in whichone of threestampedamphorahandlesdatesin Thirdquarterof third Pithos H 16:4(GroupD) quarterof 2ndcentury(KnidianeponymPhilippos: 2nd century SS 13540 [KT1735]).Analysisof amphorahandlesfrom diffill of Stoa,however,showsno chronological with fill. One building stampedamphora single Storagepithos handledatesslightlyafter146 (eponymThalinbrotidas: ferencebetweenthose from west end and those from SS336[KT1272]).Latestcoindatesin firsttwodecadesof elsewherein the fill. Potteryfromsettlingbasinnonde2nd century(Kleiner9). Manylong-petalbowlsindicate script.Singlebowlisunusualtypewhichmaybe earlyform date somewhatafterca. 145 for closingof deposit.See of long-petal,but also resemblesimbricatebowls of ca. 200. AppendixunderGroupD. 344 XXI. Thompson,pp. 369-392;AgoraIV;XII;

DEPOSITS I 16:5

Cistern

2nd century, disturbed

Single Knidianstampedamphorahandle(SS 366) dates around 108 (Grace,"StampedAmphoraHandles,"p. 274, no. 218). Turkishpottery indicates disturbance. 165 Agora IV. L 17:7

Cistern

Third and early fourth quartersof 3rd century

Cistern with little pottery. Seven stamped amphora handles; Rhodian eponyms date in third quarterof 3rd century: Aglokritos (SS 14279) and Pausanias(?) (SS 14282). Latest coin dates in first third of 3rd century. One small fragmentof moldmade bowl of undetermined type. Agora XII. L 19:2

Cistern Second to early third (upper cistern and quarterof shaft fill) 2nd century (lower cistern fill) Fourth quarterof 3rd century to early 2nd century

Cistern filled in early 2nd century; upper part of fill disturbedby cuttingand subsequent filling of rectangular shaft. Uppercisternandshaftfill: 14 stampedamphorahandles from shaft, the three latest Knidian dating between 167 and 150, with parallels in F 5:1 and G 5:3, naming eponyms Aristokles(SS 9551 [KT675]), Euphragoras(SS 9546 [KT 1257]), and Kleumbrotos(SS 9539 [KT 603]). Latest coins date in first two decades of 2nd century (Kleiner 1, 9; Svoronos, pl. 23:47-49). Type 35 B lamp (AgoraIV, no. 474). One fourth of bowls long-petal. 54, 192, 385 Lower cisternfill: three Rhodian amphora handles of fourthquarterof 3rdcentury,and one apparentlydatingto 198 (eponym Hieron I: SS 9542). Latest coin dates in last quarterof 3rd century (Svoronos,pl. 25:5-10). Only one fragmentof moldmade bowl (imbricate). M 18:10

Well

Late 3rd century to first quarter of 2nd century

Homogeneous fill. Latest of 14 stamped amphora handles are two Rhodian handles of ca. 190 and 189, naming eponyms Ainetor (SS 14295) and Athanodotos (SS 14296).Rhodianand Knidianhandlesfind parallelsin Middle Stoa building fill (H-K 12-14). Type 27 D lamp agreeswith this date.Fragmentsof 50 bowlsand one mold. 38, 48, 69, 174, 195, 209, 389 Agora XII; D. B. Thompson, "HellenisticTerracottas, IV,"p. 317, and "HellenisticTerracottas,V," p. 50.

M 20:1

103 Cistern (lower and middle fills)

Sullan destruction debris

Use fill characterizedby broken waterjars (lower fill); contemporary dump (middle fill); nearly sterile layer (probablypartof middle fill);Romanupperfill.Sixty-eight stamped amphora handles, mostly Knidian, all dating between 108 and 88 (periodVI); five handlesdatedby two of the latest eponyms of this series, Hermon and Andromenes. Coins date to late 2nd or early1st century(Kleiner 16). Sterilelayerabove middle fill containedcoin of 87/86 (Kleiner 2k) and one Byzantine intrusion. Middle fill contained fruit measure conformingto late 2nd-century decree (AgoraX, DM 66; M. Crosby,"AnAthenian Fruit Measure,"Hesperia18, 1949, pp. 108-113). Over half of bowls long-petal. 328, 337, 338, 345, 361 AgoraIV; V; Crosby,op. cit.,p. 110, note 8; Grace and Sawatianou-Petropoulakou,p. 381; Grace, "The Canaanite Jar,"pp. 95, 104, no. 4. M 21:1

Cistern

Second half of 3rd century to first quarterof 2nd century

Chamber of cistern system; homogeneous fill. Thirtyfour stamped amphora handles, mostly Rhodian of between 241 and 202, closely paralleledby handles from depositQ 8-9. A single Rhodianprobablydatesabout 186 (eponym KallikratidesII: SS 10286). Latest Athenian coins probablydate between 200 and 180 (Kleiner2 [issue uncertain],9). EightHistiaiantetrobols,datingca. 170-160 at the earliest,found near top, possibly an intrusivehoard (Wallace,'The Meeting-pointof the Histiaianand Macedonian Tetrobol,"pp. 17-22). Largest group of moldmade relief ware found in the Agora, consisting of fragmentsof 183 bowls, one moldmade jug and nine molds. At least 119 bowls are products of Workshopof Bion; only 15 made by WorkshopA. Great similarityamong bowls, many with same stamps. Most were made in freshmolds. Fourmolds made by Workshop of Bion, one perhaps a practicepiece made by unskilled apprentice (47). These facts suggest M 21:1 represents debris from Workshopof Bion, located near by. Cistern N 21:4,20 meters to northeast,containedsimilarevidence of workshopactivity(see p. 27). 1, 11, 15, 20, 21, 25, 40, 42, 47, 52, 58, 62, 70, 75-77, 93, 99-105,125,129,130,134-136,139,150,155,167,170,171, 177,186,190,191,199,205,210,219,228,240,244,250,260, 267, 275, 289, 308, 313, 406. AgoraIV;V; XII;Hesperia17, 1948,pp. 160-161; D. B. Thompson, "Hellenistic Terracottas,III," pp. 276-291 (Komos Cistern);Grace and Savvatianou-Petropoulakou, p. 381. Some potterypublishedin AgoraV, p. 64, underK 52, pl. 39; AgoraXIV, p. 187, pl. 94:f;Edwards,'Tanathenaics,"pp. 345-346, no. 40; Pnyx,pp. 92-93, P 20269under nos. 3, 4 (= 205).

DEPOSITS

104 M 23:1

Cistern

First quarterof 1st century

Chamberof watersystem with one blindtunneland two cisterns connected by tunnel. Ten stamped amphora handles; two Knidianprobablydate between 85 and 78, naming eponyms Apollonidas (SS 3196 [KT 1551]) and Damokritos (SS 3199 [KT 2202]). Latest coin is worn bronzeof second halfof 2nd century(AP-44:Svoronos,pl. 81, 17-27). Most of bowls long-petal. 366 Grace and Sawatianou Petropoulakou,p. 381; V.R Grace, '"Importsfrom Pamphylia,"BCH, Suppl. I, Paris 1973, pp. 192-194, 205, no. 12; Nessana I, p. 126. M-N 15:1

South Stoa II building fill

To ca. 140

Constructionfill under floor of South Stoa II, last of Hellenistic stoas built in Agora. About 85 stamped amphorahandles, many with parallelsin building fills of Middle Stoa and Stoa of Attalos. Latest are two Knidian handles dating slightly after 146, naming eponyms Philippos (SS 6579 [KT 122]) and Diokles (SS 6585 [KT 971]). Among coins are two issues of Athenian bronzes which do not appear in fills of Middle Stoa and Stoa of Attalos (Kleiner3, 10),and confirmdate slightlylaterthan fillof Stoaof Attalos.Deposit probablyclosed between 145 and 140. Fragmentsof long-petalbowls confirmdate after mid-2ndcentury.Types 25 A', 33 A, 35 B, and44 A lamps. Most of bowls figured;one mold. 33, 94,127,148,153,158,185, 206,225,235,239,245,288, 292. Agora XII, nos. 1334, 1886; Agora XIV, p. 68; D. B. Thompson,"HellenisticTerracottas,IV,"p. 317;Kleiner,I, pp. 319-325, deposits VI-VIII; Kleiner, II, pp. 29, 32; Grace and Sawatianou-Petropoulakou,p. 382. M-N 18:1

Cistern

First half of 1st century

Cistern connected with cisternN 18:3 by tunnel. Only coin is Boiotian dating between 220 and 197 (BMC p. 41, no. 81, pl. 6:8).Onlyindicationsof dateare [CGreece], Ist-centurylamps (types 51 B, 54), two long-petalbowls, and fragmentsof early Roman brittle ware. 340

N 18:3

Cistern

Second half of 3rd century to early 2nd century

Cisternconnected by tunnel to cisternM-N 18:1.Only stampedamphorahandledates slightlyafter240 (Rhodian fabricantXenotimos: SS 6914). Latest coin dates about 200 (Kleiner 1). 161 AgoraIV; X; XII; D. B. Thompson, "HellenisticTerracottas, II C," p. 246, note 10.

N 19:1

Cistern (upper fill: Group F) (middle fill)

1st century Sullan destruction debris

Cisternconnectedby tunnelto anotherchamber.Lower fill of early 3rd century; dumped middle fill of Sullan debris;upper fill covering entire 1st century (Robinson's GroupF). Joinsbetween middleand upperfills;intrusions from middle fill in upper fill. Upperfill:latestcoinsareAugustan,depositedno earlier than late 1st century (Svoronos, pl. 80:10, 34, 37-40). Stamped amphora handles earlier,only one post-Sullan (Agora V, F 96). Absence of Arretine pottery indicates deposit closed before ca. 10 B.C. Much mixed with middle fill. Mold for long-petal bowl. 29, 149, 404 Middlefill: three Knidian stamped amphora handles date in last decade of 2nd century, naming eponyms Alexandros(SS 7301 [KT5] and SS 7314 [KT 1646],from the same amphora);duoviri of year of eponym Euphragoras(SS 7313 [KT1600]).Two coins of 87/86 (Kleiner2k) and severalmore eitherof 87/86 or slightlyearlier(Kleiner 2h, 6, 16). Agora IV; V, Group F, pp. 10-21; Agora VII; D. B. Thompson, "Hellenistic Terracottas, VI," pp. 66-68 (Kybele Cistern); Price, 'The New-Style Coinage of Athens," pp. 32-33, deposit III; Grace and SawatianouPetropoulakou,p. 381. N 20:1

Well (upper fill)

First century after Christ and later

276 Agora IV; V; VIII; XII. N 20:4

Cistern

First quarterof 1st century

Four contemporarystratadeposited immediatelyafter Sullan destruction,considered as one deposit. Thirteen stamped amphora handles, none later than 88. Late Knidianeponym Hermon,datingclose to 88, occurstwice. Severalcoins date to 87/86 (Kleiner2k) and one dates to 85-70 (Svoronos,pl. 104:31-37).Two thirdsof bowls longpetal. 323, 367, 395 AgoraIV; V; D. B. Thompson,"HellenisticTerracottas, VII B," pp. 252-259 (Mask Cistern);Grace and Sawatianou-Petropoulakou, p. 381; Price, "The New-Style Coinage of Athens," pp. 32-33, deposit I; Kleiner, 'The 1926 PiraeusHoard,"pp. 183-186. N 20:6

Cister (lower and upper fill)

Second half of 3rd century to early 2nd century

Lower use fill and contemporarydumped upper fill. Fourstampedamphorahandlesdate between 240 and 200

DEPOSITS

105

(SS7912,SS 8131,SS 10315,SS 10316).Latestcoindates indicatescontamination(AgoraVI, no. 886). Bowls of ca. 200 (Kleiner1). coarseworkmanship, unlikethose of early2nd-century 51 none fresh from contexts; molds,some fromveryworn molds.No long-petalbowls.Thissuggestsdatein second Agora IV quarterof 2nd century. N 20:7 Cistern Firstand earlysecondquar74, 141, 145 ters of 2nd (lowerfill) century 0 17:5 Cistern Sullandestructiondebris Cisternconnectedby tunnelto drawshaft. Lowerfill One of two chambersconnectedby tunnel.Twolatest inTurkishtimes.Upperfillandfilloftunneland disturbed coins dateto 87/86 (Kleiner2k).Gray-ware lampof first drawshaftTurkish.Most of nine stamped amphora handlesdatebetweenca. 189and 175,latestin termof quarterof 1st centuryafterChristindicatesdisturbance RhodianeponymXenophon(SS 7898).Latestcoindates (AgoraVII,p. 5, note 7). Halfof bowlslong-petal. 211 to 2nd or 1st century(Svoronos,pl. 106:12-16).Large D. B. Thompson,"Hellenistic Terracottas, IV,"p. 317. numberof bowls(49).No long-petalbowls. 98, 115,156,179,208,231,246,251,370 0 17:7 Cistern Firstto thirdquarterof 2nd AgoraIV. century N 21:4 Cistern Secondhalfof 3rdcenCisternconnectedbytunnelto drawshaft. Disturbedby (middlefill) turyto firstquarterof modemcesspool,butsomeancientfillintact.Objectsfrom 2nd century upperpartof ancientfilllaterthanthosefromlowerpart, Third and earlyfourth suggesting gradual accumulation.Eleven stamped (lowerfill) of3rdcentury amphorahandles;thosefromlowerpartof filldatein first quarters Hellenisticlowerand middlefills;earlyRomanupper quarterof 2nd century(threeKnidianand fourRhodian have parallelsin MiddleStoabuildingfill:H-K 12-14). fill.Threefillsmixedduringexcavation. Bowls foundwith them are fromwornmolds,of poor Middlefill: onlystampedamphorahandlecomesfrom workmanship, probablydatingin secondquarterof 2nd lateCorinthian jarof secondhalfof 3rdcentury(SS9472). Some century. fragmentsareof MMonogramClass.One Latest coins date 200-180 (Kleiner 2a), except for handle Rhodian fromupperpartof depositdatesin second Augustancoin whichprobablybelongswith upperfill. 2nd of SS 14287). quarter century(eponymPeisistratos: Two molds, stamp for manufactureof molds, and This fill of also contained of part fragments long-petal clay stackingring suggest fill is dump from potter's cistern plate,Romanlamp,suggesting establishment.All molds and fragmentsof bowls pro- bowls,"Pergamene" remained into third of 2nd open quarter centuryand ducedby Workshopof Bion.CisternM 21:1,20 meters to southwest,also containedmoldsandlargequantityof beyond. 227,390 ofBion.N 21:4andM bowls,mostlyproductsofWorkshop D. B. Thompson,"Hellenistic IV,"p. 317, Terracottas, 21:1 are probablycontemporary dumpsfromthis shop, and "Hellenistic 50. V," p. Terracottas, whichwaslocatednearby (see p. 27). 43, 163,312,412,415 Late3rdto early2nd century 0 20:2 Cister Lowerfill:13stampedamphorahandles,mostdatingin secondhalfof 3rdcentury;latestdatesto ca.217(Rhodian Partof systemwith two chambersand well. HomoSS 8934).Latestcoin datesin first geneousfill.Latestof 13 stampedamphorahandlesdates eponymXenostratos: thirdof 3rdcentury.Fragments of twobowls;one stacking to ca. 198 (RhodianeponymHieronI: SS 8020).Latest ring(possiblyfrommiddlefill). lamptype46 B (AgoraIV, no. 596). 414 175 AgoraIV; XII; D. B. Thompson,"HellenisticTerraSecondhalfof 3rdcentury cottas,IIC,"pp.244-262(SatyrCistern);Grace,"Noteson P 10:2 Cistern (lowerfill) the Amphoras,"pp. 325-326; Graceand Sawatianou381. Petropoulakou, p. Connectedby tunnelto cisternthatwentout of use in secondhalfof 4th century.Hellenisticlowerfill,upperfill Firsthalfof 2nd century 0 16:3 Well of 1st centuryafterChrist.TwoRhodianamphorahandles, Tile-linedwellwithcontemporary upperandlowerfills laterof whichdatesslightlyafter240 (SS7770,SS 7771). bylayerof sterilemud.Latestcoindatesca.200 Latestlamptype 32. Fragmentsof only two moldmade separated 1). (Kleiner Koanamphorawith stampedhandledates bowls. 3 slightlyafter200(SS14082).Type43A(?)lamp.Fragment after late 3rd Christ of of Romanterracotta century AgoraXII,underP 10:1. plaque

DEPOSITS

106 P 20:2

Cistern

Thirdquarterof 2nd century Q 8-9

Singlefill withjoins betweenfragmentsfromtop and bottom.Onlystampedamphorahandledatesbetween146 and 108 (periodV) but not late in thatperiod(Knidian (SS 14703[KT428]).Onlycoindates eponymEpinikidas between200and87/86 (Kleiner2). Types27 D and34 B lamps.Potteryfindsparallelsin Thompson'sGroupD. One thirdof bowlslong-petal. 2, 321

Lastquarterof 3rdcenFill overfloorof SquarePeristyle turyto early2nd century

SquarePeristyledemolishedbefore Stoa of Attalos built;thisfilllayunderbuildingfillof StoaofAttalos(P-R 6-12). One hundredand twenty-twostampedamphora handlesand three perhaps handles;many 3rd-century Rhodian datesto ca.198(eponym slightlyafter200.Latest HieronI: SS 10831),whiletwo othersare nearlyas late (eponymXenophanes:SS 10834,SS 10846).ManyparalP 21:4 Cistern Late3rdto early2nd century lelswithhandlesfromcisternM 21:1.Latestcoindatesca. 200(Kleiner1).Latestlampstypes33 A, 34 A. Fragment Homogeneousfill. Threestampedamphorahandles; from one Rhodiandatesto ca.207,anotherto late3rdor early of long-petalbowl(325)probablyintrusive,possibly fill of Attalos. Stoa of building 2nd century(eponymSodamos:SS 14736,SS 14744). 5,6,9,17,39,60,66,168,218,256,270,271,284,325,376, Latestcoinsdate200-180(Kleiner2a, b, 9), exceptvery 383 wornAthenianbronzeof ca. 30 whichis intrusive.2ndAgoraIV,nos.437,448, 607,819;GraceandSawatiacenturycoins are among earliestof New Style bronze p. 381. nou-Petropoulakou, issues,andoccuralsoin buildingfillof MiddleStoa(H-K 12-14).MiddleStoafill containedone laterissueof this SecondquarFillunderfloor series(Kleiner2c), suggestingP 21:4was closedslightly Q-R 10-11:1 ter of 2nd of Brick Building earlierthan buildingfill. Latestlamptype 48 A. Large century numberofbowlsofgoodquality(ca.70),similartothosein M 21:1. Small fragmentof long-petalbowl (P 30432) Fillunderfloorofwesternpartofmud-brick shopbuildsimilarto fragmentfromQ 8-9 (325)is probablypartof ingwhichsucceededSquarePeristyleandprecededStoaof disturbance indicatedby Ist-centurycoin. Attalos.Four stampedamphorahandles;latest bears 22, 55-57, 59, 61, 67, 72, 87, 96, 106, 120-122, 159, 160, nameof RhodianeponymKallikrates (eitherslightlyafter 173,193,194,204,212,216,238,243,248,252,253,263 180 or ca. 150: SS 11621).In closely associatedfill of BrickBuildingthe latest connectedwith construction Hesperia42, 1973,pp. 154-156. amphorahandledates between 166 and 146 (Knidian P-R 6-12 Stoaof Attalosbuildingfill To ca. 145 eponymPolycharos: SS 11050[KT378]).Type48 A lamp. of Destruction Peristylein first quarterof 2nd Square Stoa of Attalos dated within reign of Attalos II of terminus postquem(seeQ8-9).Construction (Agora centurygives Pergamon(159-138)by inscriptionon architrave ante between 159and138givesterminus of Attalos Stoa of XIV,pp. 104-107).Over100stampedamphorahandlesin bowls. P-R No 6-12). long-petal withlatesthandlesat Corinth quem(see fill;latestarecontemporary 110, 237

(destroyedbyMummiusin 146).Latestcoinsaresameas AgoraXIV, p. 172; Hesperia19, 1950, p. 320; Hesperia those in MiddleStoabuildingfill (H-K 12-14)and date 21, 1952,p. 101. 200-180(Kleiner2c).No long-petalbowls,but one fragmentin filloverfloorof SquarePeristyle,directlyunderfill Secondhalfof 2nd century R 21:2 Cistern of Stoa of Attalos and possiblyintrudedfrom it (Q (lowerfill) 8-9:325). 88, 92, 97, 123(?),157(?),200, 262(?),290, 293, 373, 393, Cisternwith two blind tunnels.Romanmiddleand 401 upperfills.SomeRomanintrusionsin lowerfill.Latestof Terra"Hellenistic D. B. fourstampedamphorahandlesdatesearlyin thirdquarter Thompson, AgoraIV; XII; SS9385[KT 2ndcentury(KnidianeponymEuphranor: of cottas,IV,"p. 317;Kleiner,I, pp.313-318,depositsIV-V; who Grace and Sawatianoufabricant Knidian appearson Damokrates, Kleiner, II, pp. 29, 32; 778]). 9219 anotherhandle,probablycontemporary [KT336, (SS Petropoulakou, p. 382. I]). Three 2nd-centurycoins, the latest dating130-90 (Kleiner2a-g, 9, 16).Types48 D and51 B lampsindicate cisternremainedopenuntilend of 2nd century. 322,329 AgoraIV, nos. 688, 822..

APPENDIX REVISEDCHRONOLOGY OF PUBLISHEDATHENIANHELLENISTIC GROUPS THE AGORA: GROUPS A-E The fivegroupspublishedby Thompsonin 1934coverthe entirerangeof the Hellenisticperiod.Their validityas criteriaforrelativedatingremainsunaltered.Recentadvances,however,in the studyof coinsand stampedamphorahandles,the only objectscommonlyfoundin Hellenisticdepositswhichcan be dated independently,have necessitateda revisionof the absolutedates of the groups. GROUPA (Deposit G 13:4)1

Thisdeposit,datedby Thompsonto theturnof the4th to the 3rdcentury,is notof directinterestforthe fill at studyof Athenianmoldmadebowls;the bowlsit containedcamefroman undatablesupplementary the top of the well that containedthe deposit The redatingof the other groups,however,is closely connectedwith the date of the lower fill of GroupA. The stampnamesTelemachos, The well containeda singlestampedhandlefroma Thasianamphora.2 fill of a well in the Agora,whichdateswithinthe namedalso on a wholeamphorafromthe construction thirdquarterof the4th century(F 17:3).Thehandleis thereforeolderthanthe bulkof potteryin GroupA. withmaterialfrom Therewereno coins.Thedepositmustthereforebe assessedon the basisof comparison otherdatablecontexts.Thompsoncitedparallelsfromthe Hellenisticcemeteriesof Alexandria.Although the foundationof the city offers a terminus post quem, there is no reliable terminus ante quem for the mate-

rialin the cemeteries.Since1934another,morehelpfulcomparisonhascometo light.In 1959excavations were carriedout at Koroni,on the east coast of Attica,on the site of whatprovedto be a Ptolemaic howfort3Mostof the potteryfromthatsite wasfoundto haveparallelsin GroupA. It wasaccompanied, ever,by coinsof PtolemyII,4the latestof whichdatesto 267/6 or 265/4. Thissuggestedto the excavators Warof the 260's.5Sparkes thatthe site hadbeenused fora shortperiodof time duringthe Chremonidean ' Thompson, pp. 313-330. Etudes thasiennes IV, p. 392, no. 1607. 3McCredie, FortifiedMilitaryCampsin Attica,pp. 1-16; Vanderpool,McCredie,and Steinberg,"Koroni:A Ptolemaic Camp," pp. 26-61; Vanderpool, McCredie, and Steinberg, "Koroni:The Date of the Camp and the Pottery,"pp. 69-75. 4Grace initially voiced doubts about the attribution of the coins ("Notes on the Amphoras from the Koroni Peninsula," pp. 329-330), but subsequentlywas able to supportit throughthe independent evidence of the amphorahandles found at Koroni ("Revisionsin Early Hellenistic Chronology,"pp. 193-200); J. Kroll has defended the attributionon numismaticgrounds (ibid., "NumismaticAppendix," p. 201). 5 McCredie,FortifiedMilitaryCampsin Attica,pp. 14-15; Vanderpool,McCredie,and Steinberg,"Koroni:A PtolemaicCamp," zur hellenistischenGeschichtedes 3. Jahrhunderts pp. 57-60. For the date of the ChremonideanWarsee H. Heinen, Untersuchungen v. Chr., Historia, EinzelschriftenXX, 1972, pp. 95-213. 2

108

APPENDIX

andTalcottdatedGroupA to ca. 340-310,6but the manyparallelsbetweenKoroniandGroupA indicate thatsomeadjustmentof this dateis necessary.GroupA mustnow be placedin the firstquarterof the 3rd century,if not slightlylater.7 The moldmadebowlsprovidethe only clue to the dateof the upperfill.One fragment(A 75: P 4053) was made in a wornmold and has the convex-bandrim patterncommonin the secondquarterof the century. GROUPB (Deposit H 16:3)8

The evidencefromKoronialso affectsthe dateof GroupB. Thompsondatedthe materialfromthis Hellenisticcisternsystembetween320 and 275.9Grace,however,has determinedthatthe one Rhodian with the handles amphorafromthis group,whichone wouldhave expectedto be roughlycontemporary fromKoroni,is in factabout25 yearslaterthanthe latestRhodianhandlesfoundat the Ptolemaicencampment10 This discrepancycaused much consternationamong studentsof both potteryand stamped sinceit wasimmediatelyclearthateitherthe datingof Koronior the datingof Groups amphorahandles,11 A and B, and thereforeof all 3rd-century potteryand stampedamphorahandles,was in error.The only questionwas which of the two should be adjusted. This questionwas soon resolvedby Grace,who arrivedat an independentconfirmation of the dateof Koronithroughfurtherstudyof Rhodianhandles.A largedepositat Pergamonprovidesa reasonablywell fixed pointat aboutthe middleof the seriesof Rhodianhandles.Virtuallyall Rhodianeponymsdatable beforethe closingof this depositare now knownfrom collectionsin Athens,Rhodes,and Alexandria. Gracearrangedthesenamesin a chronological list, workingbackfromthe year175,the probableclosing dateof the PergamondepositIt seemsthatthereareonlyabout65 yearsgoingbackfromthelatesthandles in the Pergamondepositto the beginningof the practiceof namingthe monthson Rhodianhandles.This practice begins therefore about 240.12

Onlythe nameof the fabricantappearson the RhodianamphorafromGroupB. It is a roundstamp with a rose in the centerand the nameZenon runningaroundits circumference. In all caseswherethis fabricantstamp is paired with an eponym stamp, the eponym dates slightly after the time when months

beganto be named.It has,however,been suggestedthatthe eponymon the handlein GroupB shouldbe In any event,the handle whosetermdatesjust beforethispracticewas initiated.13 restoredas Philokrates, datesaround240, andthereforeGroupB musthavebeen depositedafter240,approximately 35 yearslater thanhadbeenthoughtpreviously.Threelegiblecoinswererecoveredfromthe cistern.Thelatestone dates but its extremewearsupportsa dateof ca. 240 forthe deposit withinthe firstquarterof the 3rdcentury,14 6

Agora XII, p. 391, under G 13:4. For furtherremarkson this chronologicalproblem see Stella G. Miller, "Menon'sCistern,"Hesperia43, 1974, pp. 198-199, 209-210. 8 Thompson, pp. 330-347. 9 Ibid., p. 332; Agora XII, p. 393, under H 16:3. 10 For the stamped amphora handle from Group B see Grace, "StampedAmphora Handles,"p. 235, no. 77 : SS 370, and "Notes on the Amphoras,"pp. 333-334, no. 7. For the Rhodian handles from Koroni see Vanderpool,McCredie, and Steinberg, "Koroni:A Ptolemaic Camp,"nos. 5, 11, 27, 62-64, 75, 81, 109-111; Grace, "Notes on the Amphoras,"p. 333, nos. 2, 5. For the chronologicalrelationshipbetween the handle from Group B and those from Koroni see ibid., pp. 327-328, and Grace, "Revisions in Early Hellenistic Chronology,"p. 194; Grace and Sawatianou-Petropoulakou,p. 292. " Grace now accepts the date of Koroni, but for her earlier arguments against it see Grace, "Notes on the Amphoras," pp. 319-334. For the objections of G. R Edwards see Edwards, "Koroni:The Hellenistic Pottery,"pp. 109-111. 12 Grace, "Revisions in Early Hellenistic Chronology,"pp. 196-197. 13 Grace, "Notes on the Amphoras,"p. 326, note 16; Grace, "Revisionsin Early Hellenistic Chronology,"p. 197, note 17. 4 Cf. Svoronos,pl. 22:67; J. H. Kroll,"A Chronologyof EarlyAthenian Bronze Coinage, ca. 350-250 B.C.," GreekNumismatics O. Morkholm and N. M. Waggoner, edd., Wetteren 1979, type G, pp. 144-145. and Archaeology, 7

APPENDIX

109

The earlierlimitof GroupB wasplacedaround320 on the basisof comparison of the red-figured pelikai B 1 andB 2 (P 1104,P 1105)withfindsfromOlynthos,Chatby,andsouthernRussia.15 Thereforethe material in Group B coversa span of some 80 years. GROUPC (Deposit G 6:2)16

of ThompsondatedGroupC to the early2nd century.The datablematerialis meager.Re-examination the five legiblecoinsshowsthe latestto be a wornAtheniantriobolof 229-215,17whichcouldhavebeen depositedanytimeafter200. Theabsenceof issuesof the New Stylebronzecoinagewiththe fulminatingZeusreversetype(Kleiner2) wouldsuggesta datenotlongafter200;butsinceso fewcoinswererecovered fromthe cistern,it is best not to rely too heavilyon numismaticevidence.The only stampedamphora handleis not closely datablebut belongsaroundthe turn of the century.18 A studyof the moldmadebowlsin thisgrouphintsthatthe materialmayhavebeen depositedas lateas the secondquarterof the century.The bowlsare for the most partmiscellaneoussmallfragments;only three bowls are substantially whole. Some were manufactured by Workshop A and the Workshop

of Bion (e.g. C 21, C 22 : P 2432, P 404 fromthe Workshopof Bion;C 49, C 50 : P 4029, P 4030 from WorkshopA). Twenty-twoof the 38 bowls in Group C were made in worn molds, which indicatesthat the industryhad been establishedfor some time before they were made. Furthermore,severalof the fragments themselves show traces of wear; the resting surfaceof C 27 (P 403) is worn, and the walls of C 18, C 24, C 25, and C 28 (P 402, P 4102, P 4103, P 407) show that the sherds were batteredabout for some time

beforebeingdeposited.All of thesewornbowlswerethemselvesmadein wornmolds.Thelatestbowlsare verysimilarto thosefromtwootherdepositsexcavatednearby on the KolonosAgoraios(F 5:1andG 5:3); somebelongto the MMonogramClass(C 26, C 43, C 45, C 47: P 4104,P 4023,P 4025,P 4027).Bowlsof this sortoccurelsewhereonlyin depositscontainingmaterialof the secondquarterof the 2nd centuryand later(e.g. E 15:4,N 20:7,and0 17:7).NeitherF 5:1 norG 5:3 containsanynumismaticevidenceto indino newcoinswerestruck catea datelaterthanthe early2ndcentury,because,as Kleinerhasdemonstrated, betweenca. 180and 145(see p. 95).19Bothdeposits,however,containstampedamphorahandlesof about 150.Someof the lampsin F 5:1 andG 5:3findparallelsin GroupC as well.Thesefacts,togetherwiththe fairlycloseproximityof the threecisterns,suggestthattheywerefilledat the sametime,andthatGroupC was depositedduringthe secondquarterof the 2nd century,thoughnot necessarilylaterthanabout165. GROUPD (Deposit H 16:4)20

ThompsondatedGroupD to the middleof the 2nd century.The only coin,a bronzewitha cicadaon the obverseandan amphoraon the reverse(Kleiner9), wasformerlyidentifiedas a bronzeof theAthenian klerouchoiof 166;it has now been redatedto the firsttwo decadesof the 2nd century.The only stamped amphorahandlemay date slightlyafter 146.21 Overa thirdof the bowlsin GroupD are of the long-petalvariety.Thisindicatesthatthe depositwas laid downafter145,the dateof the closingof the buildingfill of the Stoaof Attalos,whichcontainedno long-petalbowls(P-R 6-12). All of the long-petalbowlsin GroupD weremadein freshmolds;only one 15Thompson, pp. 332-334. 16 Ibid., pp. 345-369. For a discussion of the materialin Groups C, D, and E and a critiqueof Thompson'smethodologysee P.W. Lapp, Palestinian CeramicChronology,200 B.C.-A.D. 70, New Haven 1961, pp. 71-79. 17 Cf. Svoronos, pl. 24:25-27. 18 SS 282 (KT 1784); Grace, "Stamped Amphora Handles," p. 269, no. 199 (reading has been corrected).

19Kleiner, I, p. 330. 20 Thompson, pp.

369-392. 21 Eponym Thalinbrotidas:SS 336 (KT 1272).

APPENDIX

110

showedanyindicationof extensiveuse beforeits deposit:the restingsurfaceof D 41 (P 597) is worn.The combinedevidencesuggeststhat GroupD was discardednot long afterlong-petalbowls beganto be producedin Athens, probablybefore 125. in the secondquarterof the 2nd As for the otherbowls,two belongto a type thatwasmanufactured century(D 34, D 37 : P 589, P 4079;see Class2). Onlyone bowlof an earlytypeappearsin the group(D 35 : P 590;WorkshopA); it wasmadein a freshmoldandmust datein the late 3rdor early2nd century. GROUPE (Deposit F 15:2)22

foundin the cisternand ThompsonconnectedGroupE withSulla'ssackof Athensin 86. An inscription of eightcoinsfrom datedto the termof Nikodemosgivesa terminus post quemof 122/1.23Re-examination an Athenianbronzeof the 2nd century(Svoronos,pl. 107, the depositresultedin only one identification, nos. 31-35). There are 13 stamped amphorahandles, all of them Knidian,which Grace now dates no later

than110;therearenone fromperiodVI (ca. 108-88B.C.),whenthe duoviriwerenamedon Knidianhandles.24This contrastssharplywith the handles in a large number of deposits which go right down to 88,

whenthe practiceof namingthe duoviriwastemporarily suspended(e.g.F 19:3andM 20:1).Theevidence of the handlessuggeststhatGroupE wasdepositedbeforethe end of the 2nd centuryanddoes not represent debrisfromthe Sullandestruction.A largeproportionof the moldmadebowlsare of the long-petal type,as one wouldexpectin any depositof the secondhalfof the 2nd century.Theydiffer,however,from the long-petalbowls in Group D in that half were made in worn molds (E 75, E 85 : P 3379, P 3388). THE KERAMEIKOS:DIPYLON WELL B-1 In 1965 a well in the southeast corner of the Dipylon Gate in the Kerameikoswas excavated by the

GermanArchaeological Institute.The well and its relationto the gate havebeen discussedby Gottfried werepublishedby KarinBraun.25 and its Thewellwasexcavatedin arbitrary contents 0.50-meter Gruben, twolowerfills,reprelayers(Abschnitten)whichseem to belongto threedifferentfills.Braundistinguished sentingaccumulationduringtwo distinctperiodsof use, and separatedin time by a gap of some years. withthe secondcessationof use. Thewell thenpresumAbovethiswasa dump,apparently contemporary ably continuedin use. The upperfourmetershad been excavatedin 1933 and the contentswere lost Braun dated the fills of the well on the basis of the stamped amphorahandles. Because of the revisions

withinthe amphorachronologyof the 3rd centuryoutlinedabove (see GroupsA and B) the amphora handlesfrom Dipylonwell B-1 must be redated.Gracepublisheda revisionof these datesin 1974;it remainshere to relatethose new dates to the other materialin the deposit LOWER USE FILL (Abschnitten I-IV):26

The existenceof wholewaterjugsin theloweststratumindicatesthatit wasdepositedduringa periodof aroundthe well that its constructionimmediatelypostdatedthe use. It was clearfrom the stratigraphy constructionof the DipylonGate, which was probablybuilt between307 and 304.27Braundatedthe earliestpotteryto ca. 300 on the basisof parallelswithThompson'sGroupA andthe Hadranecropolisin 22

Thompson, pp. 392-427. B. D. Meritt, "GreekInscriptions,"Hesperia10, 1941, pp. 61-62, no. 26. The inscriptionis said there to have been found in the wall of a modem cistern. Actually it was found in the fill of the Hellenistic cistern along with the pottery. 24 Grace and Sawatianou-Petropoulakou,p. 322. 25 Braun; Gruben, "Der Dipylon-BrunnenB,," pp. 114-128. 26 Braun, pp. 133-146, pis. 54-60. 27 Gruben, "Der Dipylon-Brunnen B1," pp. 125-127. 23

APPENDIX

11

Alexandria.Thisdateshouldperhapsbe loweredin lightof the discoveriesat Koroni.Braunchosea historto Antigonosin 261, as the occasionforthe end of the firstperiodof ical event,the Atheniancapitulation use. She basedthisconjectureon threeRhodianstampedamphorahandles,whichwereformerlydatedto the secondquarterof the 3rdcentury.28 Accordingto the revisedchronology,however,thesehandlesdate to ca. 222,241-225,and 222-217.29Thereforeanyconnectionwiththe Chremonidean Waris impossible. The firstaccumulation comesto an end,at the earliest,earlyin the fourthquarterof the 3rdcentury.This loweruse fill containsno moldmadebowls,and this offersconfirmation for the new, laterdatefor their inception. UPPERUSE FILL(AbschnittenV-VIII)30 Moldmadebowlsfirstappearin AbschnittV, the lowerpartof the upperuse fill. Theyappearas well-

developedfiguredtypes,and the hypothesisof a gap of some yearsbetweenthe two fills seemsjustified. Braun,relyingagainon the stampedamphorahandles,datedthe lowestpartof this fill around230; the uppermostpartand the dumpaboveit she associatedwith PhilipVs raidon Athensin ca. 200.31The reviseddatesof the stampedamphorahandlesprecludethispossibility.The fabricantof a Rhodianhandle fromAbschnittV (no. 135) datesit betweenca. 208 and 196;the RhodianeponymArchidamosdatesa handlefromAbschnittVII(no. 159)to ca. 192;andthe KnidianstampfromAbschnittVIII(no. 183)dates slightlybefore188.Twoof thesethreehandlesthereforedatewellafterPhilip'sactivitiesaroundthe city.32 The rimpatternsof mostof the bowlsareblurred,indicatingthatthe moldswerejustbeginningto show wear.The bowlsin AbschnittenV and VI are for the most partfromthe Workshopof Bion (nos. 129, 131-133,143)andWorkshopA (nos. 128, 130, 134).Bowlsof WorkshopA arealsofoundin Abschnitten VII-VIII(nos. 148,149, 175?),butbowlsof Bionareabsent Therearetwobowlsof Class2 (nos. 150, 174) and perhapsone of the M MonogramClass(no. 147). This impliesthat the upperuse fill accumulated from ca. 200 to perhapsslightlyafter 175. DUMP(AbschnittenIX-XII)33

Comparisonof the materialin AbschnittenIX and X withthatin AbschnittVIII,the highestpartof the seconduse fill, suggestedto Braunthatthe dumpwaslittleif anylaterthanthe top of the seconduse fill. She does,however,notefourbronzecoins,whichshe datesto 167/6orlater,andcitesthemas evidencefor continueduse of the well.34Kleinerhas datedthis issue on stylisticand iconographical groundsbetween 150and 140.35Thereweretwo bowlsof the MMonogramClassin the dumpfill,36butno long-petalbowls. Thissupportsa dateno earlierthanca. 145forthe beginningof bowlswithlong-petaldecorationin Athens. THE PIRAEUS: THE PIRAEUS CISTERN A cisternlocatedat the cornerof modernKaraiskou andGeorgeI streetsin thePiraeuswasexcavatedin 1965 by the GreekArchaeological No Service;its contentswerepublishedin 1971 by IngridMetzger.37 28

Braun, nos. 124-126 from AbschnittIV. Grace, "Revisions in Early Hellenistic Chronology,"p. 199. 30 Braun, pp. 146-156, pls. 60-71. 31 Braun, p. 195. For the relevant stamped handles see nos. 135, 159, 183. 32 Grace, "Revisions in Early Hellenistic Chronology,"p. 199. 33 Braun, pp. 156-165, pls. 72-77. 34 Braun, p. 196; nos. 217-220. 35 Kleiner, II, Apollo/Amphora, pp. 34, 38, pl. 4:97-100. 36 Braun, nos. 187 and 194. 37 Metzger.

29

112

APPENDIX

no straticompleteaccountof the excavationandsortingof the potteryhasbeenpublished,but apparently when the the the cisternwas dug.38Metzgerdated materialfrom cisternfromthe last graphywas noticed quarterof the 3rd centuryto the middleof the 2nd century.The only datableobjectsare the stamped amphorahandles,whichshe did not publish.Grace,however,has examinedthem,and believesthem to dateearlyin the periodfrom188 to 167 (periodIV A). The latestof the five Rhodianhandlesis datedby the eponymKleukrates to ca. 184.Thereare28 Knidianhandles,11 of whicharedatedby foureponymsof the early"phrourarch" period (periodIV A): Agistratos,Ariston,Telesiphron,and Philtatos. The PiraeusCisternalso containedseveralfragmentsof long-petalbowls.39It is surprisingto find amphorahandlesof the first quarterof the 2nd centurytogetherwith long-petalbowls that must date aroundthe middleof the centuryat the earliest.The sameunusualsituationoccurs,however,in E 15:4in the Agora.Metzgerconcludedthatlong-petalbowlsweremanufactured in Athensin the secondquarterof the 2nd century.The absenceof long-petalbowlsin the buildingfill of the Stoaof Attalosmakesthis unat the time of excavation.The likely.Moreprobablythe cisternheldtwofillswhichwerenot distinguished lowerfillwouldhavecontainedthe amphorahandlesandthe imbricate,floral,andfiguredbowls,whilethe upper fill would have produced the long-petalbowls. Alternatively,the cistern may have held a single fill

whichaccumulated graduallyfromthe end of the 3rdcenturyto some time in the thirdquarterof the 2nd century. 38 Metzger, pp.

39

41-42.

Metzger, nos. 90-95.

CONCORDANCE AGORA EXCAVATIONS INVENTORY NUMBERS A dash in the right-hand column indicates that the piece was not found in a closed context. The numbers (SS) of the stamped amphora handles discussed have been listed because previously unpublished information about many of these objects is included under Deposits. INV.No.

CAT.No. ORPAGE

MC MC MC MC MC

p. 518

73 186 577 578 579

P 54 P 65 P 75 P 85 P 118 P 401 P 402 P 403 P 404 P 405 P 406 P 407 P 574 P 589 P 590 P 591 P 595 P 596 P 597 P 598 P 795 P 1104 P 1105 P 1116 P 1117 P 1450 P 1495 P 1523 P 1592 P 1811 P 1886 P 2239

413; 415; 412; 414;

p. 4 pp. 5, 27 pp. 4, 27 pp. 5, 27

299; pp. 16, 27, 41, 42 132; pp. 19, 27 cf. 247 cf. 247 306 152; pp. 4, 19, 25, 26, 27 cf. 218, 223, 224; p. 109 p. 109 cf. 238; p. 109 cf. 108, 122, 123, 158 cf. 237 p. 109 309; p. 27 cf. 143, 145; pp. 3068, 110 cf. 108; p. 110 cf. 303, 304 cf. 327, 352 cf. 327 cf. 345; pp. 3694, 110 p. 39109

165; p. 29 p. 109 p. 109 396; p. 42 364; p. 39 282; pp. 40, 41 408; pp. 1, 29, 31, 39 83; pp. 18, 3275,40, 41 314; p. 29 cf. 121 316; p. 29 333

DEPOSIT

E N N N

14:1 21:4 21:4 21:4

H 6:9 H 6:9 H 6:9 H 6:9 H 6:4 G 6:2 G 6:2 G 6:2 G 6:2 G 6:2 G 6:2 G 14:5 H 16:4 H 16:4 H 16:4 H 16:4 H 16:4 H 16:4 H 16:4 I 16:5 H 16:3 H 16:3 H 16:2 H 16:2 H-K 12-14 H-K 12-14 H-K 12-14 G 13:4 H-K 12-14

INV. No.

CAT. No. ORPAGE

DEPOSIT

P 2432 P 2983 P 2996 P 3124 P 3145 P 3157 P 3211 P 3248 P 3377 P 3378 P 3379 P 3382 P 3388 P 3568 P 3661 P 3662 P 3919 P 4011 P 4017 P 4019 P 4021 P 4023 P 4024 P 4025 P 4027 P 4028 P 4029 P 4030 P 4053 P 4079 P 4086 P 4099 P 4101 P 4102 P 4103 P 4104 P 4356 P 4575

cf. 140, 238; p. 1109 114; pp. 19, 29 80 339; pp. 37, 40 342 44; pp. 17, 29 360; pp. 38, 40, 41 363; p. 38 cf. 375; pp. 66, 1820,42 cf. 355 p. 110 p. 38 pp. 3694, 110 cf. 85 341; pp. 17, 37 201; pp. 19, 20, 22 398; p. 42 cf. 122 cf. 148 cf. 303, 304 cf. 108 cf. 109-113; p. 109 cf. 283; p. 41 cf. 109-113; p. 109 cf. 109-113; p. 109 cf. 156, 157 cf. 250, 251; p. 109 cf. 280; p. 109 p. 108 cf. 157; pp. 3068, 110

G 6:2 H-K 12-14

p. 39109

cf. 59, 120 cf. 235, 243 pp. 312, 109

cf. 301; p. 109 cf. 109-113; p. 109 366; p. 42 399

F F F F F

15:2 15:2 15:2 15:2 15:2

G 6:2 G 6:2 G 6:2 G 6:2 G 6:2 G 6:2 G 6:2 G 6:2 G 6:2 G 6:2 G 6:2 G 13:4 H 16:4 H 16:4 G 6:2 G 6:2 G 6:2 G 6:2 G 6:2 M 23:1

CONCORDANCE

114 INV.No.

CAT.No. ORPAGE

P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

53; pp. 8, 18 257; p. 19 358 4; p. 5 355 356 397; p. 42 108; pp. 4, 19, 28 49; pp. 5, 6, 8, 14, 18 343 324; pp. 15, 36 cf. 402 287; pp. 24, 25, 28 330; pp. 14, 15, 34, 36 400; pp. 38, 42 379; p. 42 291; p. 8 224; pp. 4, 19, 20, 24, 29 353; pp. 34, 36 295; pp. 26, 27 154; pp. 19, 26, 27, 40 349 28; pp. 17, 29 85 128; pp. 19, 22, 27 301; pp. 29, 41

4577 4597 4598 4879 5218 5304 5638 5718 5813 6013 6015 6017 6200 6314 6315 6317 6318 6764 6869 6908 7001 7096 7112 7209 7213 7943+ 22236 P 8015 P 8017 P 8100 P 8101 P 8125 P 8126 P 8132 P 8523 P 8557 P 8563 P 8589 P 8716 P 9086 P 9293 P 9399 P 9514 P 9668 P 9849 P 10692 P 10747 P 10835+ 13316 P 10874 P 10875 P 10876 P 10877

319 310; p. 29 359; pp. 38, 40, 41 169; pp. 19, 27 327; pp. 14, 15, 34, 36 331; p. 40 350; pp. 34, 36 402; pp. 38, 42 407; pp. 1, 29, 31, 39 107; p. 19 146; p. 31 304 161; p. 29 340; pp. 34, 36, 37 cf. 32, 117 149 cf. 202 143; pp. 19, 30 317; p. 29 16bis; p. 17 347 207; pp. 19, 21, 31 249; pp. 19, 28 cf. 146 189; pp. 19, 23, 28

DEPOSIT

H 6:4

E E E E E E E E E E E F

14:3 14:1 14:1 14:3 14:3 14:3 15:4 14:1 14:1 14:1 14:1 13:3

H 16:2 C 10:1 C 10:1 D 10:3 E 6:1 E 6:1 E 6:2 N 18:3 M-N 18:1 N 19:1 N 19:1 D 5:2

INV.No. P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

H 12:1 D D D D

11:4 11:4 11:4 11:4

P P P P P

CAT.NO. ORPAGE

10878 73bis; pp. 30, 31 11411 113; pp. 19, 29 11412 126; pp. 19, 29 11413 cf. 115 11414 377; p. 42 11425 255; pp. 19, 27 11426 124; pp. 19, 26, 27 11427 176; p. 19 11428 cf. 55 11429 cf. 79 11430 254; pp. 19, 27 11431 89; pp. 15, 17 11432 30; pp. 4, 17, 28 11433 16; p. 17 11435 cf. 32, 117 11436 cf. 49 11527 24; pp. 17, 27, 28 11528 18; pp. 9, 17, 28 11530 cf. 173 11531 371; pp. 156, 42 11532 cf. 55 11532bis cf. 55 11533 cf. 152 12012 246; pp. 19, 27 12054 179; p. 19 12059 98; pp. 15, 19 12060 115; pp. 5, 19 12062 156; pp. 19, 30 12068 208; pp. 19, 20, 30 13314 27; pp. 15, 17, 27% 13315 285 13316+ 347 10835 13683 109; pp. 19, 29 13684 144; pp. 19, 30 13685 236; pp. 19, 20 13686 73; pp. 4, 17, 30, 31 13687 31; pp. 4, 17, 28 14186 175; pp. 19, 28 14285 370; p. 42 14287 251; pp. 19, 28 14288 cf. 153 14290 231; pp. 19, 20, 29 14327 405; pp. 5, 32 14328 64; p. 18 14329 202; pp. 19, 22, 24 14348+ 388; p. 42 20487 14399 337; p. 36 14471 338; pp. 37, 40 14472 328; pp. 15, 34 14474 345; p. 36 14723 82; p. 27

DEPOSIT

D F F F F E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E N N N N N N H H H

11:4 5:1 5:1 5:1 5:1 5:2 5:2 5:2 5:2 5:2 5:2 5:2 5:2 5:2 5:2 5:2 5:2 5:2 5:2 5:2 5:2 5:2 5:2 20:7 20:7 20:7 20:7 20:7 20:7 12:1 12:1 12:1

G G G G G 0 N N N N E E E E

5:3 5:3 5:3 5:3 5:3 20:2 20:7 20:7 20:7 20:7 15:4 15:4 15:4 14:6

M M M M A

20:1 20:1 20:1 20:1 18:7

115

CONCORDANCE INV.No.

CAT.No. ORPAGE

P 14801 P 14961 P 15027

79; p. 18 280; pp. 19, 21, 22 410; pp. 1, 2, 31, 3275, 38, 39, 40, 42 43; pp. 17, 27 312; p. 27 84; p. 27 329; p. 36 322; pp. 14, 36 365; p. 42 184; pp. 19, 28 336; p. 34 403; pp. 3275, 39, 40, 42 346; pp. 5, 36 332; p. 15 111; pp. 4, 19, 29 163; pp. 26, 27 cf. 242 cf. 130 cf. 49

P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

15068 15157 15386 15552 15663 15704 15734 15736 16096 16098 16109 16117 16208 16210 16212 16221

P 16222

p. 39107

P P P P P

16331 16643 16676 16862 16999

276; pp. 19, 25, 29 7; pp. 5, 16, 27 54; pp. 17, 18, 36 348 45; p. 17

P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

17016 17027 17028 17029 17030 17511 17512 17513 17514 17564 17587 17596 17622 17796 17864 18310 18510 18640 18641 18642 18643 18644 18645 18646 18647 18648

41; pp. 17, 27 180; p. 19 241; pp. 19, 27 8; pp. 5, 16 318 215; pp. 19, 20, 21, 28 247; pp. 19, 28 cf. 18 cf. 17 78; pp. 18, 29 cf. 355 273 286 297; pp. 26, 27 406; pp. 1, 2, 31, 39 354 351 190; pp. 19, 27 170; pp. 14, 19, 26, 27 240; pp. 15, 19, 27 244; pp. 19, 27 267; pp. 19, 27 250; pp. 19, 28 130; pp. 19, 26, 27 129; pp. 19, 27 155; pp. 19, 27

DEPOSIT

F 19:6 N 21:4 N 21:4 R 21:2 R 21:2

G G G G N N N N N N

14:2 14:2 14:2 14:2 21:4 21:4 21:4 21:4 21:4 20:1

INV.No.

CAT.NO. ORPAGE

DEPOSIT

P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

18650 18651 18652 18653 18654 18655 18656 18657 18658 18659 18660 18661 18662 18663 18664 18665 18666 18667 18668 18669 18670 18671

260; pp. 19, 27 150; pp. 19, 27 139; pp. 19, 26, 27 cf. 139 125; pp. 19, 26, 27 219; pp. 15, 19, 20, 21 199; pp. 19, 22, 28 cf. 189 210; pp. 19, 20, 27 136; pp. 19, 27, 30 134; pp. 19, 27 135; pp. 19, 27 104; pp. 19, 26, 27 cf. 104 186; p. 19 103; pp. 17, 19, 27, 3174 105; pp. 19, 27 99; pp. 17, 19, 27, 3174 93; p. 19 100; pp. 19, 27 101; pp. 4, 19, 27, 3174 102; pp. 14, 15, 19, 27,

M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M

P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

18672 18673 18674 18675 18676 18677 18678 18679 18680 18681 18682 18683 18686 18687 18688 18689 18690 18691 18932 19086 19092 19095 19096 19111 19225 19518 19541 19655 19705 19720

70; p. 18 62; pp. 3, 14, 15, 18, 28 58; pp. 18, 29 77; p. 15 cf. 52 75 76; p. 15 20; pp. 17, 27, 28 25; pp. 4, 17, 27 15; p. 17 21; pp. 3, 14, 17, 27 cf. 22, 40 1; pp. 5, 16 275; pp. 19, 25, 26, 27 40; pp. 17, 26, 27 47; p. 4 11; pp. 5, 16 313; p. 27 181; pp. 19, 20, 27, 28 307; p. 42 266; p. 19 300; p. 29 51; pp. 8, 14, 18 323; pp. 15, 36 258; p. 19 cf. 78 10; pp. 5, 15, 16 34; p. 17 3; pp. 5, 14, 16 cf. 252

21:1 21:1 21:1 21:1 21:1 21:1 21:1 21:1 21:1 21:1 21:1 21:1 21:1 21:1 21:1 21:1 21:1 21:1 21:1 21:1 21:1 21:1

3174

L 19:2 A-B 19-20:1 B B B B B B B B C

20:2 20:2 20:2 20:2 20:7 20:7 20:7 20:7 20:2

B 20:7 M 21:1

M M M M M M M M M

21:1 21:1 21:1 21:1 21:1 21:1 21:1 21:1 21:1

M 21:1 M 21:1 M 21:1 M 21:1 M 21:1 M 21:1 M 21:1 M 21:1 M 21:1 M 21:1 M 21:1 M 21:1 M 21:1 M 21:1 M 21:1 M 21:1 M 21:1 M 21:1 C 20:2

N 20:6 N 20:4

F 19:3 P 10:2 P 10:2

116

CONCORDANCE

INV.No.

CAT.No. ORPAGE

P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

P-R 6-12 cf. 134 P-R 6-12 88; pp. 17, 18, 27, 44 P-R 6-12 373; p. 42 P-R 6-12 393; p. 42 P-R 6-12 cf. 152 P-R 6-12 cf. 28 cf. 394 P-R 6-12 19 269; p. 380; p. 42 320 cf. 409 362; pp. 18, 40, 41 172; pp. 19, 27 187; 14, 19, 23, 29, 31, 44 D 17:5 D 17:5 213; pp. 19, 20, 21, 22 D 17:5 112; pp. 19, 29 D 17:5 13; pp. 3, 14, 17 D 17:5 117; pp. 19, 28 D 17:4 14; pp. 9, 17 384; p. 42 D 17:4 116; pp. 14, 19, 30, 31 D 17:5 265; p. 19 D 17:5 32; pp. 4, 17, 28 D 17:5 147; p. 29 D 17:5 cf. 136 D 17:5 162 cf. 403 221; pp. 19, 20 cf. 339; pp. 3796,40 C 17:5 409; pp. 1, 36, 39 P-R 6-12 401; pp. 38, 42

P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

19742 19747 19757 19759 19764 19768 19774 19796 19797 19816 19819 19832 19859 19881 19882 19883 19884 19885 19908 19921 19924 19936 19940 19942 19943 19945 19972 19983 20002 20020 20047+ 23610 20050 20158 20190 20204 20205 20229 20255 20260 20262 20263 20264 20265 20267 20268 20269 20270 20271 20272 20273 20286 20305

375; pp. 3, 66, 18, 42 cf. 171 168; pp. 19, 26, 27, 40 325; pp. 3590,36 66; p. 18 cf. 388 12; pp. 5, 16, 41 cf. 103 177; pp. 19, 26, 27 cf. 177 cf. 238 cf. 238 52; pp. 8, 15, 18 167; pp. 19, 21, 26, 27 205; pp. 19, 21, 22, 27 308 42; pp. 17, 27 171; pp. 19, 27 191; pp. 19, 27 178; pp. 19, 27 290; p. 28

DEPOSIT

A 18:1 P-R 6-12 Q 8-9 Q 8-9 Q 8-9 C 17:5 M 21:1 M 21:1 M 21:1 M 21:1 M 21:1 M 21:1 M 21:1 M 21:1 M 21:1 M 21:1 M 21:1 M 21:1 P-R 6-12

INV.No.

CAT.NO. ORPAGE

DEPOSIT

P P P P P P P P P

92; pp. 17, 30, 31 361; p. 38 60; p. 18 cf. 39 151; pp. 19, 25, 28 233; pp. 19, 20, 27, 28 118; pp. 19, 29 119; p. 19 388; p. 42

P-R 6-12 M 20:1 Q 8-9

20314 20316 20332 20371 20458 20484 20485 20486 20487+ 14348 P 20488 P 20511 P 20513 P 20518 P 20519 P 20520 P 20591 P 20594 P 20669 P 20879 P 20928 P 20929 P 20932 P 20938 P 20942 P 20946 P 20952 P 20953 P 20958 P 20964 P 20965 P 20969 P 20970 P 20973 P 20986 P 20997 P 21034 P 21038 P 21039 P 21040 P 21041 P 21043 P 21044 P 21045 P 21050 P 21051 P 21069 P 21075 P 21601 P 21624 P 22101 P 22102 P 22127

334 404; pp. 39, 42 29; p. 17 cf. 346 395; p. 42 367; p. 42 357 274 281; pp. 19, 23, 29 302 270; p. 19 284 cf. 58 6; p. 5 9; pp. 4, 5, 16 271; p. 19 39; p. 17 376; p. 42 cf. 165, 166 218; pp. 19, 21, 28, 29 5; p. 5 256; p. 19 17; p. 17 cf. 173 97; pp. 19, 28 cf. 188 63; pp. 15, 18, 29 cf. 54 137; p. 19 182; pp. 19, 29 223; pp. 19, 20, 29 140; pp. 19, 27 cf. 24, 214 cf. 108, 298 229; pp. 19, 20 cf. 65 294; pp. 29, 31 315; p. 29 86; pp. 17, 28, 29 272; p. 19 311 381; p. 42 183; p. 19

E 15:3 E 15:3 E 15:3 E 14:3 N 19:1 N 19:1 N 20:4 N 20:4 N 20:4 D-E 15:1 D-E 15:1

Q 8-9 Q 8-9 Q 8-9 Q 8-9 Q 8-9 Q 8-9 Q 8-9 Q 8-9 Q 8-9 Q 8-9 Q 8-9 Q 8-9 Q 8-9 Q 8-9 P-R 6-12 H-K 12-14 H-K 12-14 H-K 12-14 H-K 12-14 H-K 12-14 H-K 12-14 H-K 12-14 H-K 12-14 H-K 12-14 H-K 12-14 H-K 12-14 H-K 12-14 D 14:1

CONCORDANCE INv. No.

CAT.No. ORPAGE

P P P P P

cf. 216 368; p. 42 352 46; p. 30110; pp. 19, 29

22128 22129 22137 22153 22191

P 22192

237; p. 19

P 22195

cf. 2

P 22215 P 22217 P 22236+ 7943 P 22812 P 22845 P 22847 P 22852 P 22853 P 22854 P 22855 P 22889 P 22896 P 22935 P 22940 P 22941 P 22952 P 22954 P 22978 P 22979 P 23039 P 23051 P 23052 P 23069 P 23072 P 23074 P 23075 P 23081 P 23086 P 23095+ 23766 P 23104 P 23255 P 23248 P 23299 P 23304 P 23502 P 23526 P 23606 P 23607 P 23608 P 23610+ 20047

383; p. 42 382; pp. 40, 41, 42 301; pp. 29, 41 220; pp. 5, 19, 20 264; p. 19 cf. 95 283; pp. 40, 41 131; p. 19 296; pp. 26, 27 261; pp. 5, 19, 27 245; pp. 19, 27 206; pp. 19, 21, 22, 27 cf. 207 cf. 7; p. 16 cf. 243 33; p. 17 cf. 172 232; pp. 19, 20, 22 37; p. 17 235; pp. 19, 20 153; pp. 19, 26, 27 148 225; pp. 19, 20, 28 288; pp. 24, 25 158; pp. 19, 28 127; pp. 19, 30 164; p. 28 95; pp. 15, 19 344; pp. 15, 28, 36 372; p. 42 188; pp. 19, 23, 29 305 cf. 63 292 374; p. 42 138; pp. 3, 19, 27 157; pp. 19, 30 123; pp. 19, 29 262; p. 19 401; pp. 38, 42

DEPOSIT

Q-R 10-11:1 Q-R 10-11:1 Q-R 10-11:1 Q 8-9

H-K 12-14 H-K 12-14 H-K 12-14 H-K 12-14 H-K 12-14 M-N 15:1 M-N 15:1 M-N 15:1 M-N 15:1 M-N 15:1 M-N 15:1 M-N 15:1 H-K 12-14 H-K 12-14 M-N 15:1 M-N 15:1 M-N 15:1 M-N 15:1 M-N 15:1 M-N 15:1 M-N 15:1 H-K 12-14 I 14:2

M-N 15:1 M-N 15:1

P-R P-R P-R P-R

6-12? 6-12? 6-12? 6-12?

117

INV.No.

CAT.No. ORPAGE

P P P P P P P P

259; pp. 15, 94; p. 19 185; pp. 19, 239; p. 19 142 226; pp. 19, 200; pp. 19, 344; pp. 15,

P P P P P P P P P

23627 23628 23629 23630 23640 23745 23753 23766+ 23095 23767 23768 23775 23781 23784 23789 23894 24035 24082

P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

24090 24234 24237 24814 24815 24817 25412 25413 25439 25444 25448 25482 25573 25669 25817 25829 25929 25986 26037 26076 26078 26149 26150 26151 26152 26185 26252 26253 26255 26256 26608 26974 27255 27364

DEPOSIT

19 M-N 15:1 M-N 15:1 IM-N 15:1 I

28

28 21, 22, 30 28, 36

I

P-R 6-12 I 14:2

I I

95bis; p. 19 303 394 cf. 243 P-R 6-12 293 P-R 6-12 81; pp. 17, 27 ]H-K 12-14 198; pp. 19, 22, 28 268; p. 19 203; pp. 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 28 26; pp. 4, 17, 28 277; pp. 19, 20 222; pp. 19, 20 H-K 12-14 278; pp. 19, 20 H-K 12-14 65; pp. 16, 18 H-K 12-14 196; pp. 19, 22 387 D-E 8-9:1 D-E 8-9:1 234; pp. 19, 20, 42 0 16:3 74; pp. 17, 18, 29 0 16:3 145; pp. 4, 19, 30 141 (0 16:3 71; p. 18 369; p. 42 279; pp. 19, 21, 22, 27 386 197; pp. 19, 22 217; pp. 19, 21, 28 cf. 189 F 17:3 0 17:5 211; pp. 19, 20 0 17:7 227; pp. 19, 20 0 17:7 390; p. 42 M 18:10 69; pp. 8, 18 M 18:10 195; pp. 19, 22 cf. 26, 44 M 18:10 M 18:10 48; p. 4 cf. 268 M 18:10 209; pp. 19, 20, 29 M 18:10 174; pp. 19, 27 M 18:10 38; p. 17 M 18:10 389; p. 42 42 391; p. 378; p. 42 90; pp. 17, 27 326; p. 36

CONCORDANCE

118

DEPOSIT

INV.No.

CAT.No. ORPAGE

27436 27581 27583 27715 28093+ 28198 P 28098 P 28099 P 28100 P 28101 P 28198+ 28093 P 28200 P 28300 P 28373 P 28440 P 28485 P 28527 P 28528 P 28535 P 28536 P 28537 P 28538 P 28539 P 28540 P 28541 P 28542 P 28543 P 28544 P 28545 P 28586 P 28587

50; pp. 5, 6, 8, 18 133; p. 27 166; p. 29 230; pp. 19, 21 91; pp. 17, 19, 27

F 17:4

242; pp. 19, 26, 27 19; pp. 14, 17, 27 214; pp. 17, 19, 20, 27 68; pp. 16, 18, 27 91; 17, 19, 27

F F F F F

23; pp. 17, 36 36; p. 17 35; pp. 17, 37 2; pp. 5, 16 321; pp. 14, 15, 36, 41 55; pp. 3, 9, 14, 18, 29 22; pp. 17, 27 238; pp. 19, 27 cf. 122 212; pp. 19, 20, 27 243; pp. 19, 26, 27 121; pp. 19, 22, 27 122; pp. 4, 9, 19, 28 cf. 122 72; pp. 14, 17, 27 59; pp. 18, 27 193; pp. 19, 21, 22, 28 194; pp. 19, 22, 28 87; pp. 4, 17, 18, 28 67; pp. 5, 66, 15, 18, 27, 28

F 17:4

P P P P P

17:4 17:4 17:4 17:4 17:4

P 20:2 P 20:2 P 21:4 P 21:4 P 21:4 P 21:4 P 21:4 P 21:4 P 21:4 P 21:4 P 21:4 P 21:4 P 21:4 P 21:4 P 21:4 P 21:4 P 21:4

INV.No.

CAT.No. ORPAGE

DEPOSIT

P 28588

204; pp. 19, 21, 22, 24, 28 cf. 121 57; pp. 9, 18, 27 cf. 87 252; pp. 19, 28 159; pp. 19, 28 160; pp. 19, 28 cf. 406 263; pp. 19, 26, 27 173; pp. 19, 27 216; pp. 19, 20, 21, 28 106; pp. 19, 27 253; pp. 19, 28 120; pp. 14, 19, 26, 27 248; pp. 19, 28 cf. 120 96; pp. 5, 19, 27 56; p. 18 61; pp. 18, 27 cf. 193 cf. 128 298; p. 29 228; pp. 19, 20, 27 289; p. 27 p. 100 p. 106 335; pp. 37, 40 385; p. 42 192; p. 19, 28 392; p. 42 cf. 115

P 21:4

P 28589 P 28590 P 28591 P 28592 P 28594 P 28595 P 28601 P 28602 P 28603 P 28608 P 28609 P 28610 P 28611 P 28612 P 28613 P 28614 P 28615 P 28616 P 28617 P 28618 P 29798 P 30363 P 30364 P 30396 P 30432 P 30433 P 30434 P 30435 P 30671 P 31057

P 21:4 P 21:4 P 21:4 P 21:4 P 21:4 P 21:4 P 21:4 P 21:4 P 21:4 P 21:4 P 21:4 P 21:4 P 21:4 P 21:4 P 21:4 P 21:4 P 21:4 P 21:4 P 21:4 P 21:4 M 21:1 M 21:1 F 17:4 P 21:4 F 13:3 L 19:2 L 19:2 C 20:2 H 6:9

CONCORDANCE INV. No.

DEPOSIT AND

INV. No.

DEPOSIT AND

REFERENCE

SS SS SS SS SS SS SS

H 6:9 H 6:9 H 6:9 H 6:9 See 411; p. 4 H 6:4 G 6:2 See also p. 10918 G 14:2 G 14:5 H 16:4 See also p. 10921 I 16:5 H 16:3 See also p. 10810 G 13:4 M 23:1 M 23:1 F 13:3 F 13:3 E 14:1 E 14:1 E 14:1 E 15:4 E 15:4 E 15:4 C 10:1 D 10:3 D 11:3 D 12:2 D 12:2 D 12:2 D 11:4 E 6:1, E 6:2 E 6:2 E 6:2 E 6:2 E 6:1, E 6:2

SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS

E 6:1, E 6:2 E 6:1, E 6:2 E 6:1, E 6:2 M-N 15:1 M-N 15:1 C 10:1 E 5:2 E 5:2 E 5:2 E 5:2 E 5:2 N 18:3 N 19:1 N 19:1 N 19:1 H 12:1 H 12:1 H 12:1 F 5:1 F 5:1 F 5:1 F 5:1 F 5:1 P 10:2 P 10:2 H 12:1 N 20:7 N 20:6 O 20:2 N 20:6 H 12:1 G 5:3 N 21:4 A-B 19-20:1 A-B 19-20:1 A-B 19-20:1 R 21:2 B 20:2

64 66 68 74 82 148 282

SS 326 SS 333 SS 336 SS 366 SS 370 SS 1160 SS 3196 SS 3199 SS 3679 SS 3680 SS 4173 SS 4266 SS 4268 SS 4598 SS 4599 SS 4600 SS 4864 SS 4873 SS 4920 SS 5018 SS 5029 SS 5109 SS 5306 SS 6500 SS 6502 SS 6503 SS 6504 SS 6511

6515 6517 6518 6579 6585 6613 6818 6845 6846 6857 6858 6914 7301 7313 7314 7650 7655 7656 7664 7668 7674 7676 7717 7770 7771 7790 7898 7912 8020 8131 8147 8196 8934 9000 9129 9193 9291 9383

REFERENCE

119 INV. No. SS 9395 SS 9461 SS 9464 SS 9465 SS 9472 SS 9539 SS 9542 SS 9546 SS 9551 SS 9663 SS 9912 SS 9917 SS 9918 SS 10107 SS 10286 SS 10315 SS 10316 SS 10497 SS 10498 SS 10831 SS 10834 SS 10846 SS 11050 SS 11621 SS 13540 SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS SS

14082 14279 14282 14287 14295 14296 14658 14703 14736 14744

DEPOSIT AND REFERENCE

D-E 15:1 F 19:6 G 14:2 G 14:2 N 21:4 L 19:2 L 19:2 L 19:2 L 19:2 B 20:7 A 18:1 A 18:1 A 18:1 A-B 19-20:1 M 21:1 N 20:6 N 20:6 D 17:5 D 17:5 Q 8-9 Q 8-9 Q 8-9 Q-R 10-11:1 Q-R 10-11:1 H-I 14:1 See also p. 102 O 16:3 L 17:7 L 17:7 O 17:7 M 18:10 M 18:10 F 17:4 P 20:2 P 21:4 P 21:4

INDEX I Referencesto publishedmoldmadebowls References are to text pages and footnotes (superscript)or to Catalogue entries (bold face).

Annuairedu Musee Greco-romain (Alexandria),1933/341934/35. p. 146, fig. 67:2 p. 148, fig. 69:2

392 392

372 372 1043 1043

377 400

Baur,P. V. C., 'MegarianBowls in Yale University,"AJA 45, 1941 p. 240, no. 202, fig. 10 no. 208, fig. 11

8, p. 241, pl. 40 9, 10, p. 241, pl. 40 21, p. 241, pl. 41 22, p. 242, pl. 41

377 398, 401 392 392

BSA 26, 1923-25

AntiochIV, i fig. 11, no. 11, p. 30 no. 16, p. 30 fig. 17, no. 11, p. 30 nos. 13, 14, p. 30 no. 15, p. 30 no. 26, p. 31

D D D D

401 401

p. 283, fig. 2:1

391

BSA 39, 1938-39 p. 35, no. 37, pl. 17 no. 40, pl. 16 no. 46, pl. 17

384 397 400

BSA 44, 1949 p. 60, no. 9, pI. 21:13 no. 10, pl. 21:17 no. 15, pl. 21:3

1043 373 385

Braun no. 128 no. 129 no. 130 nos. 131-133 no. 134 no. 140 no. 143 nos. 147, 148 no. 149 no. 150, 174 no. 175 no. 187 no. 194 no. 195 pl. 80:3 pl. 81:1 pl. 81:3 pl. 82:1

158, 407, 111 33, 111 248, 111 33, 111 111 33 111 111 203?,2135,111 30, 73, 92, 116, 136, 111 111 110, 111 111 2135,2242 268 247 247 158

Bruneau, "Lavaisselle" D 2-D 3 bis, p. 240, pl. 40 1043 D 4, p. 241, pl. 40 392

CorinthVII, iii no. 796 797 798, 799 801 802 806 807 810 811 814 815 820 824, 825 826 831-835 908-920 933-937

2132,2135 2132 2134 2132 2135 2135 2135 2030?, 2030 2132,2135 2134 2134,2135 2135 2132 2135 2135

39106 3797

CorinthXII no. 889

2030

121

INDEX 5211, p. 465, pl. 107 9490, p. 355, pl. 85

Courby p. 331, fig. 63 p. 342, fig. 69:3 p. 345, fig. 70:14 16 17 18 19 23 26b 26c b 71:28 p. 347, fig. 28f-h 28n 29a p. 349, fig. 72:30 p. 379, fig. 76:4 6 p. 383, fig. 78:21 p. 387, fig. 80:10 p. 389, fig. 81:5 pl. 9:e f 10:c pl. pl. ll:c pl. 12:2 6 8 9 12 14 pl. 13:16 19 20 22 27 29 30 36 pl. 15:d

410 20 21 21 226 20 20 184 22 21 233 234 233 248 21 391 391 20 229 385 3899,410 3899 378 384, 391 391 391 367 384 384 392, 398 377 384, 391 391 384 384 378, 391 401 377 377

367 367

AeAT20, 1965, B' [1967] pl. 31:6

331

ACAT21, 1966, B' [1968] pl. 84:y 6 165:e2

355 363 398

AeAT24, 1969, B' [1970] pl. 140:6

398

Hama III, ii no. 112 138 140 149 154 164, 165 172

372 372 372 372 372 372 1043

Hausmann pis. 2-9 pl. 2:1 2 4 pl. 4 pl. 6:1 pl. 7:1 pl. 8:2 pl. 9:1 pl. 64:1-3

2764, 181, 233 25, 2765, 233

25 2765

181 25 25 25 25 187

Hesperia9, 1940 p. 496, no. 49 p. 498, fig. 241:4

1043 1043

KymeI Delos XXXI no. 961, p. 139, pl. 31 1923, p. 207, pl. 47 2146, p. 207, p. 47 3124, p. 226, pl. 50 3132, p. 139, pl. 31 3163, p. 65, pl. 118 4016, p. 477, pl. 111 4020, p. 200, pl. 44 4021, p. 200, pl. 44 4482, p. 259, pl. 58 4579, p. 260, pl. 59

384 391 391 384 384 384 365 365 365 398 398

388 MB 22, p. 54, pl. 4 294 MB 54, 55, p. 60, pl. 8 377, 378 MB 65-67, p. 61, pl. 9 1043 MB 72, p. 62, pl. 9 MB 99-101, p. 68, pl. 14 400 367 MB 111, p. 71, pl. 13 1043 13 MB 113, p. 71, pl. 367 13 MB 114, 115, p. 71, pl. LabraundaII, i no. 99, p. 61, pl. 9 105-107, p. 62, pl. 9

385 391

122

INDEX 153, p. 65, pl. 11 155, p. 65, pl. 11 158, p. 65, pl. 11

400 39106 1043

Metzger nos. 90-95 122 125 126

112 218 2030 2134

Metzger,I., Eretria:Fouilles et recherches,II, Die hellenistische Keramikin Eretria,Bern 1969 p. 62, nos. 1-3

1043

74 79 93 99 101 104 107 109 118 120

49 13 42120,307 351 1612

319 336, 355 340, 349

348 2353

SamariaIII p. 276, fig. 61 p. 278, fig. 63

383 383

Pagenstecher,R Die griechisch-dgyptischeSammlungErnstSchwabacher von Sieglin,ExpeditionErnst von Sieglin II, iii, Leipzig 309 1913 pl. 1:6 12 194 pl. 3:11, 398 p. 67, fig. 79:e 109 15 229 pl. 20 2 108 pl. 4:1, 6,7 122 Parlasca 13 172 397 p. 134, fig. 2 152 25 142 30 PergamonXI, i 286 pl. 6:1 no. 158, pp. 123-125, pl. 43 1038 158 13 26 181 381 192, p. 130, pi. 45 344 pl. 7:4 256, pp. 138-139, pl. 49 400 344 1043 261, p. 139, pl. 45 7, 8 11 341 290, p. 143, pl. 51 400 12 354 291, pp. 143-144, pl. 49 1043, 158 16 2866, 32, 192 379 440, p. 166, pl. 59 1 373 pl. 8:1-3 460, p. 169, pl. 61 4-6 14 14 8 Pnyx 9 13 no. 2 23 58 12, 13 2240 3,4 55 14, 15 5 2242 9:1-9 3899 pl. 16 252 39110 9, 10 30 105 284 pl. 10:18 32 a 134 33 384 33 134 34 315 Siebert, G. Recherchessur les ateliersde bols a' reliefsdu 43 318 Peloponnesea l'epoquehellenistique,Paris 1978 46 96 2132 A 24, pp. 286-287, pl. 4 49 105 2134 39, 40, p. 288, pl. 5 54 310 AT 1-7, pp. 367-368, pi. 42 1043 308, 316 57, 58 2132 Co 4, 5, pl. 44 60 18 61 1043 61 17 Eg 8, p. 402, pl. 61 1043 62 16 17, p. 403, pl. 1043 63 17, 54 45-54, pp. 404-405 K 277, p. 340, pl. 37 388 64 16, 54 388 16 65, 66 284, p. 341, pl. 37

INDEX 308, p. 343, pl. 37 316, p. 344, pl. 38 333, p. 346, pl. 39 M 10, p. 350, pl. 23 11, p. 350, pl. 24 12, p. 350, pl. 24 14, p. 351, pl. 24 19, p. 351, pl. 24 23, p. 351, pl. 24 27, p. 352, pl. 24 28, p. 352, pl. 24 32, 33, p. 352, pl. 26 39, p. 353, pl. 26

2030 2134 2132

2132,2135,230 2030?, 2134 2030,2135 2134 2135 2132

2132,2135 2030?, 2132,2135 230 230

123

Watzinger p. 63, no. 1 p. 65, no. 2 p. 66, no. 3 pp. 69-70

123 188 193 410

Zahn, R, "HellenistischeReliefgefasseaus Sudrussland," JdI 23, 1908 nos. 1-3, pp. 45-49 8, pp. 53, 55-56 24, p. 67 25, pp. 64, 67 26, p. 67

1043

378 38102

39106,403 39106

TarsusI no. 158, p. 223, fig. 129 162, p. 223, fig. 130

400

fig. 130:f h

391 383

1043 131 180, pp. 224-225, fig. 39106,403

Walters,H. B., Catalogueof Greekand EtruscanVasesin the BritishMuseumIV, London 1896 G 98, p. 252 103, p. 253

234 2239

Zahn, R., "Tongeschirr,"in Priene:Ergebnisseder Ausin denJahren1895-1898, grabungenundUntersuchungen edd. T. Wiegand and H. Schrader,Berlin 1904 38102 pp. 406-407, nos. 34, 35

INDEX II Inscriptionson bowls and molds References are to text pages or to Catalogue entries (bold face).

A: 41, 12 AnoAAo665pou: 40, 335, 338, 339 31-32, 40, 403 AnoAAo)v[i]6ou: 31-32, 40, 410 Apio [T)VOC: Biwvoq:40, 154, 168 AYOZ:40, 41, 321 EN: 42, 307 EOYZ:41, 321 Euac66v: 22, 193, 194 31-32, 40, 41, 83 'H(paioT[iwvoq]: OOYZ:41,321

KaAAi[: 40, 41, 282 ]KpaTIo[: 40, 41, 382 M: 29, 41,301 ]vo[: 38, 41, 359 0: 41,299 ]paT[.. .]u[:38, 41, 360 E: 29, 41, 301 ]o[: 38, 41, 362 ]TpOvo[q]:40, 41, 283

X: 41, 42, 299

INDEX III Motifs on cataloguedpieces All referencesare to Cataloguenumbers.For referencesto motifsin the text, see INDEXIV: GeneralIndex. Acanthus: wall, 32, 37, 74, 75, 87, 88, 113, 122, 137, 142, 164, 192, 218, 223, 224, 230, 233, 250, 273, 285, 288, 302, 372, 385, 407, 410 Altar: wall, 137, 176 Amazon: wall, 233-236, 262 Amphora:wall, 208 Amymone: wall, 213, 214, 216, 219, 225, 277, 278 Apollo: wall, 213-218, 231 Ariadne. See Dionysiac trio Arrow:wall, 244, 264 Armed figure: wall, 170, 207, 233-240, 242,243,245,247, 265, 385, 386 Artemis: wall, 193, 194, 224, 225, 240 Athena: medaillon(interior),288; wall, 193, 194, 227, 229 230, 274, 387 Athena Parthenos:medallion, 20, 57, 61, 68, 88, 89, 103, 104, 150, 179, 208, 220, 240, 245, 261, 296, 297 Auge. See Herakles Battle: wall, 385. See also Amazon, Siege Bead and reel: medaillon, 389; rim, 377, 393, 395, 401 Beading:aroundmedallion, 19, 21, 22, 24, 40, 68, 69, 72, 100-102, 106, 107, 124, 125, 134-136, 139, 140, 170, 171, 174, 176, 177, 179, 180, 191, 205, 210, 212, 238, 243,275, 295, 296, 297, 308, 380, 383, 389; wall, 354, 383, 398; rim, 8, 19, 21, 22, 25, 40, 43, 47-50, 57-59, 61, 68, 70, 72, 78, 89, 98, 99, 101-107, 120, 122, 124, 125, 127-130, 132, 134-136, 148, 150, 152, 153, 155, 163, 164, 167, 170-174, 177-179, 189-191, 206, 210, 212, 215, 220, 226, 233, 238, 242-246, 254, 260, 266, 275, 276, 289, 292, 312, 313, 365, 372, 406, 410 Berries:wall, 378 Bird:medallion,95; wall, 63, 68, 69, 74, 81, 86, 87, 93-97, 100, 103, 104, 106, 108, 110, 114, 120, 124, 128-130, 133-136, 139, 140, 145, 148, 151-155, 157, 163, 164, 167, 168, 171, 173-177, 180, 190, 191, 200, 202, 205, 206, 208-210, 212, 231,242-245, 254, 255, 258, 260, 261, 263, 267, 275, 276, 282, 289, 301, 320, 406; rim, 50, 94, 227, 242, 243, 276, 318. See also Swan Boar:wall, 159, 240, 248-253, 257, 271,272. See also Eros Boukrania:wall, 224, 381; rim, 20, 249

Bud: medallion, 108; wall, 158 Bull. See Europa,Theseus Bull's head: wall, 195; rim, 32, 117, 220, 292 Cable:aroundmedallion,57,104,220,245; rim, 18,19,50, 260, 269, 312 Cassandra:wall, 230 Centaur:wall, 129-133, 212, 254, 275 Chariot:wall, 150-153, 193, 206, 275-277, 384. See also Eros Chevron:rim, 19, 70, 242 Cock: wall, 134-138, 263 Column: wall, 92, 388 Concave band: rim, 29 Convex band:rim, 15, 65, 93, 113, 137, 149,201,225,319, 320, 404 Concentricsemicircles:wall, 400-403, 410 Concentricsquares:wall, 365 Comucopiae:408 (painted) Crescent:medallion,48 Crosshatching:wall, 22, 40, 404; rim, 19, 242, 293 Daisy: wall, 364 Dancer: wall, 274 Date palm, stems of: wall, 59, 60, 120, 374, 383. See also Palm flowers Demeter: wall, 193-195, 225, 226, 278 Diamonds: medallion, 59, 242; wall, 101 Diomedes: 188 Dionysiac trio: wall, 201, 208-216, 225 Dionysos: wall, 181, 220, 223, 227. See also Dionysiac trio Disk. See Rayed disk Dog. See Hound Dolphin: wall, 179, 180, 184, 185, 213, 290, 381. See also Eros; rim, 18, 19, 26, 49, 122, 194, 195, 204, 216, 223, 247, 253, 294, 316, 408 Double spiral:medaillon,285; wall, 164;rim,8,28,45,64, 74,81,88, 95, 95bis, 107,109-112,118, 132, 144, 150, 158, 162, 164, 173, 175, 181, 213, 235-237, 255, 262, 348 large: rim, 46, 73, 73bis, 127, 157

126

INDEX

paired:rim, 18, 21, 22, 24-26, 30, 31, 33, 40, 41, 43, 50, 59, 61-63, 72, 78, 82, 87, 90, 93, 96, 97, 99, 100-103, 105, 106, 108, 114, 120, 121,123-125, 129, 130, 134, 135, 138, 139, 143, 145, 152, 153, 155, 157, 159-161, 163, 167, 170-172, 174, 187, 189-191,193, 194, 198, 203, 208, 209, 211,.212, 214, 216, 224-226, 228, 233, 238, 240-243, 246, 247, 248, 252, 254, 256, 260, 263, 265, 275, 292. 294, 312, 314, 317,408. See also Spiral, Running spiral Eagle. See Ganymede Egg and dart:rim,28,31, 34,44,46,49,50,58,78,88,108110, 112, 118, 122, 123, 126, 157, 193, 200, 201,216, 219, 233, 235, 244, 252, 259, 270, 293, 294, 348, 353, 367, 372, 375, 385, 398, 407, 408 Eros: medallion, 53, 95; wall, 68, 87, 93-96, 98, 99, 103, 104, 106, 128, 130, 133-136, 140, 143-145, 147-150, 153-156, 159, 171, 172, 174, 176, 182, 191, 195, 198, 205, 206, 209, 210, 215, 217, 227, 232, 240, 245, 254, 255, 263, 265, 267, 275, 277, 283, 295, 314, 388; rim, 227, 283 carryinggrapes:wall, 112, 203 carryingmask:wall,97,108-111,113,114,122,126,148, 203 carryingtorch:wall, 88-91, 98, 117, 129, 142, 156, 157, 158, 173, 197, 211,214 carryingwreath:wall, 103, 112, 122, 159, 160 drivingchariot:wall, 206 leaning on post: wall, 92, 141 playing double pipe: wall, 181, 182, 212, 227 playing lyre: wall, 143, 145, 177, 212 reclining:wall, 283 riding boar: wall, 155 riding centaur:wall, 130 ridinghound: wall, 155 riding dolphin: wall, 147, 171, 177, 178, 274 riding goat: wall, 92, 152, 153, 156-158, 164, 169, 274, 316, 407 ridinglion: wall, 155 ridingpanther:wall, 157, 163, 173, 200, 236, 266, 382 ridingTritoness:wall, 181, 182 rowing:wall, 165, 166, 407 with bow: wall, 174, 263, 264 with sling: wall, 242, 243, 260-263 with spear:wall, 245, 246, 249, 252-259 Europa:wall, 196, 197 Fawn: wall, 224, 225 Feline: wall, 239, 261, 266, 267 Fern: medaillon, 99, 209 arrangedin starpattern:medaillon,21,70,149,195,306, 333; wall, 20, 21, 30, 41, 42, 47, 49, 72, 86, 106, 107, 109, 117, 123, 124, 129, 134-140, 144, 155, 167,170,

173, 174, 177, 201, 211, 224, 225, 227, 235, 237, 250, 253, 258, 275, 277, 299, 305, 370 small:medaillon, 147, 211,243,296,306, 333, 356, 399; wall, 19,24-30,33,43-45,55,57,59,60,62,64,65,67, 69, 70, 73, 74, 85, 89, 93, 98, 99, 101, 103-105, 111, 114, 116, 120, 123, 126, 143, 145-149, 157, 159, 163, 169, 176, 182, 187, 190, 193,202, 203, 207-209, 212214, 216, 220, 232, 236, 240-242, 245, 249, 251, 255, 258, 260-262, 265, 268, 287, 296, 305, 306, 309, 371, 383, 403,410; rim, 21, 81, 98, 102, 206, 208,213,228, 237, 262, 265, 276, 293, 315, 317, 319, 404 Fish: wall, 177, 190 Fleur-de-lis:wall, 31, 55, 56, 299, 342, 369; rim: 94, 127, 158, 159, 181, 189, 233, 248, 252, 325, 396, 408 Flowers,eight-petaled:rim,392. See also Fern, Starflower springingfrom tendrils:rim, 28, 45, 109, 111, 112, 146, 207, 223, 290 Fox: wall, 130, 159, 179 Frond:wall, 16, 16bis, 31, 36, 72-73bis, 76, 77, 87, 88, 92, 98, 100, 101, 104, 105, 112, 113, 116, 125, 132, 144, 152-154, 158, 160, 161, 168, 171, 186, 189, 191, 195, 200, 205, 206, 210, 228, 231,234, 238, 243, 250, 257, 263, 282, 295, 298, 299, 301, 381, 382, 389 FrontalFace: medallion, 53, 119. See also Mask Ganymede: wall, 198-202, 213, 232 Gateway to underworld:wall, 193, 194, 279 Goat: wall, 119, 176, 222, 298 antithetical:wall, 104-118, 120-123, 145, 146, 163, 186, 201,211,260, 311 running:wall, 154. See also Eros See also Mask Gorgoneion:medallion,24, 44, 64,73, 73bis, 76, 101, 105, 106, 119, 121, 124, 140, 143-145, 152, 170, 171, 180, 191, 201,205, 213, 214, 218, 227, 237, 242, 263, 268, 295 Grape leaves: wall, 403. See also Grapevine. Grapes:medallion,95; wall, 115, 120, 214. See also Eros; rim, 279 Grapevine:wall, 61-66, 68-70, 83, 84, 86, 91,96, 159, 176, 189, 231, 253, 260, 377 Griffin:wall, 167-169, 180, 205, 210, 211, 383 Guilloche, simplified:medaillon, 180; rim, 20, 24, 25, 33, 41,43,45,57,59,61, 62,64, 67,69,74,80-82,87,8991,96,99,101,103-105,107,111,114,115,120,124, 125, 129, 130, 134, 136, 138, 143, 145, 150, 152, 153, 158, 161, 162, 163, 167, 168, 172, 177, 181, 185, 190, 198, 203, 205, 207, 209, 212, 223, 232, 236, 239, 241, 246, 258, 260, 262, 312-314, 326, 382, 393, 394 true: rim, 18, 49-52, 55, 56, 194, 204, 247, 248, 253 Hades: wall, 193, 194 Hare:wall, 115,159, 163, 175, 179,231,243,248,250,252, 253, 255; rim, 279

INDEX Hekate: wall, 194, 195 Helen: wall, 193, 262, 279, 280 Herakles:wall, 227 and Auge: wall, 167, 203-207 and mares of Diomedes: wall, 188 and Kerynianhind: wall, 187, 281 and Nemean lion: wall, 187 in garden of Hesperides: wall, 187 Hermes: wall, 193, 194, 228, 273; interior,287 Herringbone:rim, 379 Hippocamp:wall, 190 Horseman: wall, 150, 160-163, 172, 236, 240-244, 247249, 252 Hound: wall, 115, 130, 159, 163, 175, 179, 231, 240-249, 251-253, 255, 260, 261,265, 267, 268, 272, 286, 317, 407. See also Eros Hunt: wall, 238-272, 286, 289 Hypsipyle:wall, 183, 203, 204 Ivy: wall, 56, 71, 376, 379, 403, 408 (painted); rim, 294 (painted) Jars:wall, 390 Jeweling:wall, 307, 336-343, 353-358, 361, 363, 398, 399, 402, 403, 409; rim, 18, 193, 216, 247, 248, 252, 253, 254, 336, 349, 408 Kalathos:wall, 194, 195 Kantharos:wall, 115,127,132,138,140,141,145,148,167, 178, 183, 228, 236 Krater:wall,99,103,105, 106,108-114,122-126,129,131, 134, 136, 141, 142, 183, 186, 211, 273, 298, 382, 408 Kybele: wall, 387 Leaf:medallion,54,63,65,99,138,177,193,194,212,216; wall, 15,23,58,61,67, 73bis, 75,76,86, 115, 183, 186, 204, 215, 246, 293, 299, 308, 336, 355, 360, 367, 368, 378, 379,402, 406,410; rim, 8, 18, 21, 22, 30, 31, 33, 40, 64, 72, 74, 93, 94, 97, 100-102, 106, 107,113, 124, 125, 129, 130, 134, 135, 139, 143-145, 152, 155, 157, 167, 170-172, 174, 191, 208, 209, 225, 226, 236, 238, 240,254,263,275,292, 337. See also Acanthus,Fern, Frond, Lesbian Leaf, Ivy, Grapeleaves heart-shaped:wall, 20, 376; rim, 322 rounded ribbed: wall, 19, 46, 49, 57, 94, 110, 162, 175, 181, 193, 194, 217, 311; rim, 237, 241, 320 serrated:wall, 49-54, 79; rim, 394 spiky: wall, 121 trefoil: medallion, 63, 69, 118, 176, 231; rim, 69 triangular:wall, 15, 22, 40, 41, 90, 100, 110, 122, 139, 238, 273, 300, 383; rim, 316 Leopard.See Panther Lesbian Leaf: rim, 56, 384, 391, 406 Leto, wall, 214, 218, 219

127

Lily: wall, 49, 51, 79, 233, 248; rim, 50 Lion: wall, 156, 242, 243, 245, 246, 250-252, 254. See also Eros Long petals: wall, 321-345, 347-358, 396-399, 409 Lotus bud: wall, 49, 58, 59, 118, 141, 217, 225, 305, 338341; rim, 71, 87, 123, 149, 256, 271, 387 Lotus corolla:wall, 359-363 Lotus petals:medaillon,87, 177, 286,297; wall, 13-20,23, 34,35,41,42,49,51-67,76,78,79,81,83,85,90,91, 95, 95bis, 100, 102, 110, 115, 118, 130, 139, 161, 179, 183, 186, 194, 197, 204, 215, 218, 219, 235, 248, 251, 252, 268, 278, 286, 287, 288, 292, 300, 301, 309, 310, 359-364, 366, 371,373-378. 383, 385,402, 408, 410. See also Leaf, triangular, Nymphaea caerulea, Nymphaea lotus, Nymphaea nelumbo Lozenge: medaillon, 19 Maenad: wall, 220, 221, 288. See also Dionysiac trio; interior,288 Marathonianbull. See Theseus Mask: wall, 95, 96, 113, 368 goat: wall, 110, 123, 161, 223, 224, 273, 408 kore:wall,71,103,109-111,113,114,126,143,156,163, 267; rim, 256, 271 old man: medallion, 106, 148, 255; wall, 99, 101-103, 105, 107-111, 114-116, 120, 126, 132, 137, 142, 148, 156, 163, 168, 170, 173, 185, 195, 203, 238, 243; rim, 175, 243, 387 satyr or silenus: wall, 381, 410; moldmade foot, 1 slave: medallion, 5, 95, 95bis; wall, 97, 102, 104, 108, 110, 120, 122, 131, 138, 151, 195, 242, 382; rim, 256, 271 youth: wall, 110 Meander:rim, 291, 391 Medusa: interior,287 Minotaur.See Theseus Net pattern:wall, 403, 404. See also Daisy Nike: wall, 121,139,140,143,144,146-148,152,168,170, 182, 187, 191, 207-210, 219, 228, 238, 262, 265, 281, 384 Nymphaeacaerulea:wall, 49, 51, 52, 55, 56 Nymphaealotus:wall, 13, 14, 18, 19,57-59, 61, 62,78, 371 Nymphaeanelumbo:wall, 375 Odysseus: wall, 91, 190-192, 227 Oinochoe: wall, 181, 182, 214 Olive: wall, 378 Opheltes: wall, 182, 203, 204 Oval: wall, 48; tool, 413 Ovolo: medaillon, 68; wall, 68, 214 hatched: rim, 22, 40, 100, 135, 139, 238 plain:rim,8,42,57, 66,67,69,72, 73bis,75,97,106,128, 132, 133, 140, 151, 155, 170, 171, 173, 174, 176, 178,

128

INDEX 184, 186, 191,210,226,228,254, 263, 275, 276, 315, 321, 323, 324, 336

Palm flower:wall, 55; rim, 62, 71, 78, 159, 213 Palmette:medallion,55, 59, 176;wall, 9, 15, 30,48, 55, 56, 86, 87, 96, 97, 108, 141, 150, 151, 156, 158, 187, 189, 199, 211, 257, 268, 276, 281,298, 300, 303, 304, 353, 362, 381, 389, 409; rim, 24-26, 41, 43, 50, 56, 59, 61, 63, 68, 80, 82, 90, 96, 99, 103, 105, 120, 121,123, 138, 153, 162, 163, 181, 187, 190, 193, 194, 203, 204, 211, 212, 214-216, 233, 241-243, 247, 248, 253, 260, 294, 312, 314, 318, 365; tool, 412 Pan: wall, 193, 194, 279, 280 Pantheror leopard:wall, 156, 205,238, 239, 242, 255, 261, 267. See also Dionysos, Eros Pegasos: wall, 152-154, 227, 276, 408 Periphetes.See Theseus Persephone:wall, 193-195 Philoktetes:wall, 192 Pine-cone scales: wall, 1-12, 68, 148 Poseidon: wall, 214-216, 226 Prokne:wall, 202-204 Prokrustes.See Theseus Pyramid:rim, 325 Rabbit.See Hare Rayed disk: medallion, 156 Rhodian rose: rim, 224, 290 Ribs: wall, 346 Ridges with verticalstrokes between them: rim, 35, 347, 354, 363 Rosette: wall, 27, 42, 49, 51, 55, 58, 59, 60, 63, 71-73bis, 74,76,97,100,102,118,124,125,133,137,141,144, 150, 152, 154, 158, 167, 168, 176, 191, 200, 205, 225, 228, 230, 255, 263, 276, 292, 359, 368, 371, 372, 383, 402, 407; rim, 8, 20, 30-32, 62, 63, 78, 81, 87, 89, 92, 117, 121, 136, 153, 159, 170, 172, 176, 187, 189, 191, 193, 215, 219, 224, 235, 240, 241,246, 249, 252, 255, 265, 292, 315, 316 Rosette, medallion:6, 27,54, 68, 69, 77, 106, 136, 144, 176, 209, 232, 243, 249, 255, 377, 381, 400, 409 4-petaled, double: 7, 31, 96, 141, 194, 253, 299, 408 4 petals inside, 8 outside:26, 87, 108, 122, 160, 189, 193, 252, 298 6-petaled:55, 63, 86, 118, 231, 288, 358, 406 6 petaled, double: 35, 109, 110, 112, 113, 126, 301, 338, 340-342 6 petals inside, 10 outside: 300 7-petaled, double: 346 8-petaled:2-4, 15,19,22,40,49,52,56,58,59,62,67,72, 74, 98-100,102,107,116,120,123,134,135,139, 157, 159, 174, 177, 186, 202, 204, 212, 216, 224, 225,236, 238, 248, 257, 258, 262, 275, 305, 327, 330, 332, 336, 343, 344, 352, 357, 361, 365, 406, 407 8-petaled, double: 114, 162, 183, 397

8 petals inside, 12 outside: 146, 207 9-petaled: 83, 115, 125, 138, 147, 286 9-petaled, double: 14, 230 10-petaled:93, 111, 137, 182, 187, 265, 274, 287, 302304, 323, 337, 373 11-petaled:167, 411 12-petaled:323 12-petaled,double: 403 16-petaled:158 Runningspiral:rim, 19,49,51,52,55,58,91,104,244,289, 313, 325, 374. See also Double spiral,Spiral Satyr:wall, 121-129, 135, 139-143, 175,204,216,279,408. See also Dionysiac trio, Mask Scales: wall, 38. See also Pine-cone scales Scylla:wall, 184 Sea monster: wall, 184-186 Shell: wall, 39, 370; moldmade foot, 2, 65 Ship: wall, 165, 166, 407 Siege of a city: wall, 386 Silenus: wall, 203, 204, 222. See also Mask Siren: wall, 274 Snake: wall, 182, 187, 203, 204. See also Triton Spiral:medallion, 156, 285; rim, 121, 156.See also Double spiral,Running spiral Square panel: rim, 180 Stag: wall, 240, 242-244, 246, 247, 249, 267-270 Star:medallion,285, 303,321,322,324, 329, 331, 333, 351, 364, 408 (painted).See also Fern; wall, 307, 364 in circle:wall, 167 Star flower: wall, 49, 55, 284 Swan: wall, 63, 86, 97, 101, 105, 109, 114, 118, 122, 151, 189, 218, 223, 224, 242, 243, 260, 267, 276, 311. See also Bird; rim, 19, 59, 63, 89, 159, 246, 256, 276 Tendrils:wall, 74, 81, 82, 85, 90, 230, 278, 309, 373; rim, 70, 189, 407. See also Grapevine,Flowers springing from tendrils floral:wall, 13, 49-53, 55-60, 67, 78-80, 87, 92, 150, 199, 215, 286, 359, 371, 372, 374, 375 Theseus, Labors of: wall, 189 Thymiaterion:wall, 164, 215 Thyrsos:wall, 164, 216, 220 Torch race: wall, 156-161 Triangularpanel: rim, 289 Triton:wall, 170-176, 190, 262 Tritoness:wall, 181-183. See also Eros Trophy:wall, 203, 224, 303 Trumpet:wall, 275 Typhon: wall, 164, 195 Wave: rim, 290, 316 Winged man: wall, 136 Woman, clutchingchild: wall, 182 decoratingtrophy:wall, 200, 216

INDEX

129

draped:wall,149,217,225,231,237.SeealsoDemeter, Wreath:wall, 103-105, 108, 110, 114, 121, 219, 298. See also Eros Helen,Leto,Prokne,Persephone partlynude:wall,200, 203, 223, 230 Zeus. See Ganymede playingdoublepipe:wall,180 Zigzag: rim, 75

INDEX

IV

General Index References are to text pages and footnotes (superscript)or to Catalogue entries (bold face). For motifs see also Index III: Motifs, as indicated by (MI) in the entries below.

Abduction, scenes of: 21-23 Acanthus (MI): 4, 6, 8, 9, 17, 18, 28 Achaemenid metalware:calyx of lotus petals on, 7, 34; representationsof, 3 Acheron: 22 Achilles and Penthesileia:22 Acropolis,West Slope of: 40 Agave: 24 Agesippos, Rhodian eponym: 99 Agistratos,Knidian eponym: 112 Aglokritos,Rhodian eponym: 103 Agora grid: 96 Agora inventorynumbers:of coins, 96; of other objects,2 Aigina: Attic bowls found on, 10 Ainetor, Rhodian eponym: 103 Alexander Sarcophagus:19 Alexandria:collections of stamped amphora handles at, 108; Dionysiac trio on bowls from, 20; metalworkas prototypefor moldmadebowls, 7, 8-9, 11, 12-13; origin of moldmade bowls in, 6-7; parallelswith pottery in GroupsA and B from, 107, 109, 110-111; processionof Ptolemy II in, 12-13; relationswith Athens, 11 Alexandros,Knidian eponym: 101, 104 Altar Well: 97 Altars, terracotta:20-21, 22 Amazonomachy(MI: Amazon): 20, 27 Amphora, moldmade: 28, 31, 39 transport:coated with resin, 16; re-used as water container, 95; stampedhandlesof, as basisforchronology,2, 10,29, 33, 94, Deposit Summariesand Appendix, passim Amsterdam, silver vase in: 927 Amymone (MI): 20-21, 25 Anatolia: imports from, 42 Ancient name of moldmade bowl: 2-3 Andriskos:38 Andromenes, Knidian eponym: 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 103 Andronikos,M.: 23 Antigonos: Gonatas, capitulation to, in Chremonidean

War, 111; Monophthalmos,on Monument of Eponymous Heroes, 11 Antioch:Attic bowlsfoundat, 10;dateof moldmadebowls at, 10; imports from, 42 Antipatros,Knidian eponym: 98 Antitheticalfigures:on figuredbowls, 19, 27, 28, 29, 30; on plaster cast from Mitrahinet,9. See also Goats Apollo (MI): 20, 21 Apollodoros,Workshopof: 17, 37, 40 Apollonidas,Knidian eponym: 104 Apollonides, manufacturerof moldmade bowl: 31-32, 40 Archaic Greek: antitheticalgoats, 7; representationsof hemisphericalbowls, 3 Archestratos,Knidian eponym: 102 Archidamos,Rhodian eponym: 111 Archilaidas,Rhodian eponym: 99 Areopagus,north slope, of, locationof Workshopof Bion: 27, 31 Argos:Attic bowls foundat, 10;dateof bowlsat, 10;motifs on bowls from, 20, 21; workshopof , 43 Ariadne (MI): 20 Aristainos,Knidian eponym: 97, 98 Aristeides, Knidianeponym: 99 Aristion:95 Aristokles,Knidian eponym: 103 Aristokrates,Knidian eponym: 99, 100 Aristomenes, Knidian eponym: 98 Ariston, Knidianeponym: 112 Ariston,manufacturerof moldmadebowls: 31-32, 38,40, 41 Arretine pottery: 36, 97, 104 Artemis (MI): 20, 23; with Apollo?, 21 Asia Minor: 20, 42. See also individualsites AsklepiodorosII, Knidian eponym: 101 Astymedes, Rhodian eponym: 100 Athanodotos,Rhodian eponym: 103 Athena (MI): on moldmadebowls, 20, 23, 25; on obverse of coin, 95 Athena Parthenos(MI): medallion of moldmade bowls, 16, 26, 28, 30

INDEX Athenaios: description of procession of Ptolemy II, 12; source for ancient name of moldmade bowl, 2, 3 Athens, National Museum: 6 Attalos II: on Monument of Eponymous Heroes, 11 AttalosII, Stoa of: buildingfill, 35,38,94,95,104,106,109, 112 Attic grave stelai: antitheticalgoats on, 7 Attributionsto workshops:25-26 Auge (MI): 21-22, 25 Augustan period: 36 Beading(MI):aroundmedallion,4,15,26,28; on rim,3,4, 26, 28 Benndorf,O.: 2 Berenike: 11, 12 Berenikidai:11 Bion, Workshopof: 16, 17,25,26-27,28,30,31,33,40,42, 103, 105, 109, 111 Bird (MI): 7, 19, 26, 30 Boar (MI): 19 Bols a godrons:34 Braun, K: 110-111 BrickBuilding under Stoa of Attalos, fill associatedwith: 106 BritishMuseum:moldmadebowl in, 22; silverbowl in, 927 Bronze long-petal bowl: 3480 Buildingfills:reliabilityfor establishingchronolgy,95. See also Attalos II, Stoa of, Middle Stoa, South Stoa II Bulgaria,silver bowl from: 66. See also Mogilanska Byzantine fill: 100, 101 Cable (MI): 3, 35 Callaghan,P.: 38 Calyx: as Egyptian motif, 7; defined, 3; on moldmade bowls, 17, 18, 19, 26, 28, 29, 30, 31; stamp for, 4-5. For individualfloral motifssee Index III Capacity:15, 41 Carthage,destructionof: 94 Cassandra(MI): 21 Cemetery, Alexandria:7, 107 Centaur (MI): antithetical, 27; playing musical instruments, 19 Ceramic imitations:6-9, 13, 34 Chariot(MI): 19, 22, 25 Charybdis:19 Chatby: 109 Chous: 39 ChremonideanWar: 107, 111 Chronology:1, 2, 9-13, 16, 17, 18, 19,29,30,32-34,35-36 Cistern, reliabilityof fill for establishingchronology:3233,95. See also Egyptian,Komos,Papposilenos,Piraeus, Satyr cisterns;Deposit Summaries,passim Class 1: 25, 30, 33 Class 2: 25, 30, 33, 110, 111 Class 3: 25, 31, 33

131

See also M MonogramClass Clay: Attic, 14, 44; of imports, 42, 44; of lotus-corolla bowls, 38 Cock (MI): 19 Coins: as basis for chronology, 2, 33, 94-95, Deposit Summaries and Appendix, passim; Histiaian, 33, 98, 103; Ptolemaic,8, 107 Collection, Rothschild:8 Concentric-semicirclebowls: 37, 38-39,91-92; signatures on, 40 Concentric-semicircledecorationon moldmade vase: 39, 93 Continuous narrative:22 Convex-bandrim pattern (MI): 29 Copies of metal bowls: 5, 18 Corinth:Attic bowls found at, 10; concentric-semicircle bowls originateat, 38; date of beginningof manufacture of moldmade bowls, at, 10; destructionof, 35, 38, 94, 106;importsto Athens from41,42,379,371,382; moldmade bowls manufacturedin, 156,20, 21, 38; occupied 146-44, 35; signature on bowl from, 41; South Stoa wells, 35 Coroplasts:32 Cosa, moldmade bowls found at: 1042 Courby, F.: 20, 22, 25, 34, 40 Cretan Bull: 23, 24 Cyprus:motifs on bowls from, 20, 21; silver bowl from, 3480

Cyrenaica:silver bowl from, 3480 Daisy bowls: 37, 39, 364 Damokrates,Knidianfabricant:106 Damokritos,Knidian eponym: 104 Danaos: 21 Date palm, stems of (MI): 18 "Delian"bowls. See Ionian bowls Delos: Attic bowls found on, 10; evidence for chronology of moldmade bowls on, 10; figured motifs on bowls found on, 20, 21, 22; lotus-corollabowls found on, 38; Maison des Comediens,94; moldmadebowls found on, 10, 20, 21, 22, 37, 38, 40; signatureson bowls found on, 37, 40; temple inventory,3 Delphi: MarathonMonument, 12; motifs on moldmade bowls from, 21, 22 Demeter (MI): 23 Demetrias, date of beginning of moldmade bowls at: 10 Demetrios, on Monument of Eponymous Heroes: 11 Deposits in the Agora: 9-10, 18, 2967,33, 35, 94-110 Diffusion of styles in Hellenistic world: 38 Diogenes, Knidian eponym: 99 Diokles, Knidian eponym: 104 Diomedes, Mares of (MI): 23 Dion, Knidian eponym: 99 Dionysia: 12 Dionysiac trio (MI): 20, 21, 25, 30

132

INDEX

Dionysos (MI): 20, 25. See also Dionysiac trio Dipylon Gate, constructionof: 110 Dipylon Well B-l: 11, 10, 30, 33, 110-111 Dolphins (MI): leaping around woman, 19; on rim, 28 Doxaios, Knidian fabricant:101 Drains,reliabilityof fill for establishingchronology:95-96. See also Great Drain Drakontidas,Rhodian fabricant:98 Duovirinamedon Knidianamphorahandles:110,Deposit Summaries,passim Eagle (MI). See Ganymede Edwards,G. R.: 2, 4, 9, 156,36, 37, 38, 39 Egg and dart (MI): on rim, 28, 29, 30; stamp for, 5 Egypt:Egyptianmotifs on moldmade bowls, 6-7; faience bowls from, 7, 18. See also Alexandria,Mitrahinet,Tel el-Maskhuta,Tod EgyptianCistern:98-99 Eleusinian Mysteries: 12 Epidauros,motifs on bowls from: 21 Epinikidas,Knidian eponym: 106 Eponym named on amphorahandles:94. See also individual eponyms Eponymous Heroes, Monument of: 11-12 Eretria,Attic bowls found at: 10 Eros (MI): 9, 17, 19, 29, 30 Erotic scenes: 22 Etruria,hemisphericalbowl in: 7 Euboulos, Knidian eponym: 101 Eukles, Rhodian eponym: 99 Euphragoras,Knidian eponym: 98, 99, 100, 103, 104 Euphranor,Knidian eponym: 102, 106 Europa (MI), rape of: 22 Export of Attic moldmade bowls: 10-11 Fabric.See Clay Fabricantnamed on amphorahandles: 94 Faience: 7, 18 Fern (MI): 4, 8, 17, 18, 26, 28, 29, 30 Figuredbowls: 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19-24,25-31,36,39,93272, 282, 80; chronologyof, 32-34; imported,382-388; molds for, 273-281,295-320; monogramson molds for, 41, 42; signatureson, 40, 41 Fills. See Cistern,Building, Byzantine,Drains Figurines.See Terracottafigurines Fleur-de-lis(MI): 28 Floralbowls: 14, 15, 16, 17-18, 27, 28, 36, 39, 49-77; chronology of, 32-34; imported,371-381; molds for, 78-86; signatureon mold for, 40 Floral bowls with figures: 17, 87-92 Flowers springingfrom tendrils (MI): 29 Foot, moldmade: 16, 1, 2, 65 Footed bowl: 39 Frond (MI): on moldmade bowls, 4, 17, 26, 28, 30; on Rothschild bowl, 8

Game played on underside of mold: 41 Ganymede (MI), rape of: 22, 25 German ArchaeologicalInstitute: 110 Glass: gold glass, 8, 18; parallelsfor long-petalbowls, 34; parallelsfor floral bowls: 8, 18 Glaze, Attic: 5, 14, 16, 17, 18, 38, 44 lead: 36, 39, 409 Goats, antithetical(MI): 7, 9, 19, 27, 29, 30. See also Mask Gold-glassbowl. See underGlass Gorgoneion medallion (MI): 26, 27, 28, 30 Grace, V.: 2, 94, 95, 108, 110, 112 Grapevine(MI): 18, 28 Grave: stelai, 7; at Ancona, 9; Alexandria,7 Gray ware: 42 Great Drain, fills of: 96, 98, 101-102 Greek ArchaeologicalService: 111 Griffin(MI): 19, 26 Group A: 1, 9-10, 101, 107-108, 110 Group B: 1, 9-10, 102, 108-109 Group C: 1, 9, 41, 100, 101, 109 Group D: 1, 30, 39, 102, 106, 109-110 Group E: 1, 42, 98, 100, 102, 110 Group F: 104 Gruben, G.: 110 Guilloche (MI): simplified,26, 27, 28, 30, 36; true, 28 Guttus: 31, 38, 39, 40, 410

Hades (MI): 22 Hadra: 110-111 Hadrian,on Monument of Eponymous Heroes: 12 Halai, Attic bowls found at: 10 Hama: Attic bowls found at, 10; date of moldmade bowls at, 10; imports from, 42 Hand-drawnmotifs: 4, 36 Hare (MI): 19 Hausmann, U.: 27 Hausmann'sWorkshop:25, 2663,27-28 Hekate (MI): 23 Helen (MI): 21, 22 Heliaia, settling basin in front of: 36, 102 Hephaisteion:23 Hephaistion, signatureon mold: 31-32, 40, 41 Herakles (MI): 20, 21-22, 23, 24 Hermes (MI): 20, 22, 25 Hermon, Knidian eponym: 97, 98, 99, 100, 103, 104 Hermophantos,Knidian eponym: 97 Hesperides, Apples of: 23 Hieron I, Rhodian eponym: 103, 105, 106 Hildesheim, silver bowl from: 66 Hipparchos,comic poet: 3 Histiaia, coins of: 33, 98, 103 Hound: (MI): 19 Howland, R: 94 Hunt (MI): 19, 27, 28, 238-272, 289

INDEX Hydra:23 Hypsipyle (MI): 24 Iconography:1, 19-25 IdyllicScenes: 17, 19, 27, 29, 30, 31, 93-186; molds for, 78 Imbricatebowls: 15, 16-17, 27, 28, 33-34, 36, 37, 39, 40, 13-39; imported,365-370; molds for, 30, 42, 40-48 Imports:bowls, 1, 39, 40, 42-43, 45, 365-404; guttus, 38, 39, 410 Industrialdistrictnear Agora: 31 Interiorrelief emblems: 24-25, 287-288 Ionian bowls: 7, 35, 42, 365, 377, 384, 391 Iran. See individualsites Italy:date of moldmadebowls in, 10;metalwork,9; motifs on bowls from, 20. See also individualsites Ithaka, silver cup from: 6 Ivy (MI): 36 Jeweling(MI):monogramon mold with,42; on long-petal bowls, 34, 35, 37; on lotus-corollabowls, 37; on rim, 3, 26, 28; not used by Workshopof Bion, 26 Jug, moldmade: 31, 406 Kallikrates,Rhodian eponym: 106 KallikratidesII, Rhodian eponym: 103 Kallixeinos: 12 Kalymnos,motifs on moldmade bowls from: 20 Kantharos(MI): 1, 24 Kerameikos:Dipylon Well B-I, 1', 10, 30, 33, 110-111; moldmade bowls from, 14, 28, 39 KeryneianHind: 23 Kleiner,F.: 94-95, 109 Kleiner type numbers: 33, 95 Kleukrates,Rhodian eponym: 96, 112 Kleumbrotos,Knidian eponym: 97, 103 Knidian stamped amphora handles: 94, 96, Deposit Summariesand Appendix, passim Koan amphora:98 Kolonos Agoraios: 109 Komos Cistern:4, 27, 32, 103 Koroni:94, 101, 107, 108, 111 Krater(MI):moldmade,28, 31, 39,408; motif on bowls, 19 KT (Knidiantype): 96 Kybele Cistern: 104 Kyme: Attic bowls found at, 10; imports from, 42 Labraunda:Attic bowls found at, 10; imports from, 42 Lamps:31-32, 94, Deposit Summaries,passim;signatures on, 31-32, 40, 41 Laumonier,A.: 25 Leaves, serrated(MI): 18, 36 Leopard(MI: Panther):19 Lemaian Hydra:23 Leto (MI): 21 Linear-leafbowls: 37, 38

133

Lion (MI): 19 Long-petalbowls: 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 32, 34-37, 321346; imported,396-399; in GroupsD and E, 109-110; in PiraeusCistern,35, 112; in Stoa of Attalos, 35; made by WorkshopA, 28, 36; molds for, 347-358; not found in contexts with bowls of M Monogram Class, 29; not found in Dipylon Well B-I, 111;not made by Workshop of Bion, 27; signed, 40, 41 Long-petalmotif on partiallywheelmade vases: 39 Lotus bud (MI), overjeweling on long-petalbowls: 34, 39 Lotus-corollabowls: 37-38,359-362; mold for,363; signatures on, 40, 41 Lotus petals (MI): on Achaemenid phialai,7; on guttus, 38; on moldmade bowls, 17, 18, 28, 37-38; on RothschildBowl, 8; on silverbowl from Toukh-el-Qarmous, 6, 8 Lysanios, Knidian eponym: 99 M MonogramClass:29, 31, 33, 41, 98, 100, 101, 102, 105, 109, 111 MAARCI, stamp on Roman amphora:96 Macedonia, Athens wins freedom from: 11 Macedonian bowls: 38 Maenad (MI): 20, 25 MarathonianBull (MI: Theseus): 23, 24 Marinemotifs(MI:Dolphin,Fish, Hippocamp,Scylla,Sea monster, Triton,Tritoness): 19, 27 Mask(MI): 19;goat,24,29; moldmadefoot in formof, 16; old man, 31 Mass production:32 Meander (MI): 8 Medallion:3, 14, 15, 17, 34, 44; Athena Parthenos,16, 26, 28, 30; characteristicof shop, 25, 26; gorgoneion, 26, 27, 28, 30; plain, 36, 13, 47, 48, 155, 190, 260, 307, 328, 350,398,405; rosette,6,8,9, 16,26,28,29,31,36,37,38; stamp for, 4; stamped directlyonto bowl, 5; star, 36 Medea: 24 Medusa (MI): 25. See also Gorgoneion Megara: bowls thought to be from, 2; motifs on bowls from, 21, 22 Megarianbowl: 1, 2 Menander:comic poet, 3; House of, in Pompeii, 23 Menekrates,Knidianeponym: 102 Menekrates,Rhodian fabricant:96 Menippos, Knidian eponym: 99 Metalware:Alexandrian, 8-9; south Italian, 9. See also underPrototypes Metalworkingquarter:in Mitrahinet,8 Metzger, I.: 111-112 Mica in Athenian clay: 14, 42 Middle Stoa, buildingfill of: 2967,33,41, 95, 102,103, 104, 105, 106 Miltos: 5, 15, 16, 18 Minotaur(MI: Theseus): 23 Mitrahinet,plaster casts from: 8

134

INDEX

MithradatesVI: 95 Mogilanskamound, silver vase from: 16 Mold: broken, 5; figured,23, 273-281, 295, 296, 298, 301, 303-305, 308-311, 314, 316, 317, 320; floral,40, 41, 7886; fragmentary,295-320; imbricate,40-48, 296, 308, 309; long-petal, 36, 347-358; lotus-corolla, 38, 363; method of manufacture,4; monogramson, 29,41-42; of M MonogramClass, 29; of WorkshopA, 28; of Workshop of Bion, 26, 33; pine-cone scale, 16, 10-12; signature on, 31-32, 40, 41; wear on, 5, 32-33, 44-45 Mold brothers:32 Moldmadevessels otherthan bowls: 1, 28, 31, 39,405-410 Monogramson molds: 29, 41-42 Morgantina,moldmade bowls from: 1042 Motifs: degenerationof, 33-34; on moldmade bowls, see individuallistingsand Index III Mozdok, gold-glassbowl from: 8 Mummius: 35, 106 MunsellSoil Color Charts:14, 44 Murray,A. S.: 22 Mythologicalscenes: 19-24,27,28,30, 31,187-237; molds for, 273-281 Nauplios: 21 Near Eastern motifs: 7, 18, 34 Nemean Lion: 23 Net-patternbowls: 37, 39, 403, 404; signatureson, 40 New Style Athenian bronze coinage: 33, 94-95 Nihawend, silver bowl from: 34 NikasagorasI, Rhodian eponym: 102 Nike (MI): 19, 30, 31 Nikedemos, Athenian archon: 110 Nikomachos:23 Nikon, Rhodian eponym: 99 Nomenclature:2-3 Nymphaeacaerulea(MI): 3, 6-7, 8, 18 Nymphaealotus (MI): 3, 6, 9, 18 Nymphaeanelumbo(MI) 3, 6, 7, 9, 18 Odysseus (MI): 19 Olbia, motifs on bowls from: 20, 21 Olynthos: 109 Opheltes (MI), death of: 24 Originsof moldmade bowl: 2, 6-13 Ovolo: rim pattern (MI), 26, 30, 36; stamp for, 5 Palm flower: 28 Palmette(MI): on rim, 26, 27, 28; on wall, 16, 17, 28; over jeweling, 34 Pamphilos:3 Pan (MI): 22 Panathenaia:12 PapposilenosCistern:98 Pausanias:11, 12 Pausanias,Rhodian eponym: 103

Pegasos (MI): 19, 26 Peiraieus,siege: 95. See PiraeusCistern Peisistratos,Rhodian eponym: 105 Pella, mosaics at: 19 Peloponnese, bowls from: 20, 43. See also individulsites Penthesileia.See Achilles "Pergamene"ware, 99, 100 Pergamon:Attic bowls found at, 10; imports from, 42; motifs on bowls from, 21; stampedamphorahandles in deposit at, 102,1'408 Periphetes:23 Persephone (MI): 21; rape of, 22-23 Persia: bronze long-petal bowl from, 3480.See also individual sites Phiale: 24 Philip V: 111 Philippos,Knidian eponym: 102, 104 Philodamos,Rhodian eponym: 101 Philokrates,Rhodian eponym: 108 Philombrotidas,Knidian eponym: 102 Philophron,Knidian eponym: 102 Philtatos,Knidian eponym: 102, 112 Phrourarchos,term used on Knidianamphoras:102, 112 Pine-cone bowls (MI:Pine-cone scales):14, 15, 16, 18,40, 1-9; molds for, 41, 10-12 Piraeus Cistern: 14, 35, 99, 111-112. See Peiraieus Pisinos, Knidian eponym: 99 Plaster casts of metalware:5, 8-9 Pnyx: 4, 14, 16, 42 Polycharos,Knidian eponym: 101, 106 Pompeian red-ware:100 Pompeii: 23 Poros Building, well in courtyardof: 100 Poseidon (MI): 20-21, 25 Prokne (MI): 24 Prokrustes(MI: Theseus) 23 Protogeometricpottery: 38 Prototypesfor moldmade bowls: metalware,3, 5, 6-9, 11, 12-13, 15, 18, 23, 34, 35; shields, 38 Ptolemaia (Athenian): 11, 12-13 Ptolemais, establishmentof: 11 Ptolemy I, coins of at Toukh-el-Qarmous:8 Ptolemy II: 11; coins of at Koroni,107; coins of at Toukhel-Qarmous,8; procession of, 12-13 Ptolemy III, honored in Athens: 11-13

Ras Shamra,bronze bowl from: 7, 17s1 Red-figuredpottery from Group B: 102, 109 Representationalscenes: 19-24 Resin in transportamphoras:16 Rhodes, pottery from: 7 Rhodian stamped amphora handles: 94, 95, 108, 111, Deposit Summaries,passim Ribbed bowl: 36

INDEX Ridge: around medallion, 4, 44; between registersof rim pattern,3,44; sole decorationof rim,36,2,3,14,76,116, 327-329,332, 334,338-342, 344-346,350,355,366,397, 405, 409 Rim pattern:3; as basis for attributionto workshop,25 Rim, plain: 17,13,27,36,37,39,77,330,331,343,371,402, 403 shape of: 16, 42 Rings. See Stackingrings Roman contexts: 36, Deposit Summaries,passim pottery:2, 36, Deposit Summaries,passim Rosette (MI): medallion, 6, 8, 9, 16, 26, 28, 29, 31, 36, 37, 38; on rim, 28; on wall, 19, 26, 30; stamp for, 4 Russia. See Southern Russia Samaria:date of moldmadebowls at, 10; importsfrom,42 "Samian"ware: 100 Satyr (MI): 19, 21, 22, 27, 30 Satyr Cistern: 105 Scales (MI), overlapping:17 Scepter: 21 Schwabacher,W.: 20 Scrapedgrooves:aroundmedallion,44; below lip, 15, 42, 44 Scylla (MI): 19 Shape: 14-15; hemispherical,7, 8, 14, 15, 35; parabolic,8, 14, 3, 62, 69, 176; of imported bowls, 42; of long-petal bowls, 35; of pine-cone bowls, 16; squarish,14, 30. See also individualshapes Shell (MI): on wall, 17; moldmade feet in form of, 16 Sicily: 20. See also individualsites Siebert, G.: 20, 43, 2663 Signatures:26, 31-32, 37, 38, 40-41. See also Index II: Monogramsand Signatures Silenus (MI): 20 Silvervessels: 18; emblemataof, 24; in Amsterdam,927; in BritishMuseum, 927; in Sweden, 34; from Bulgaria,66, 16; from Hildesheim,66;from House of Menander,23; fromIthaka,6; fromMogilanskamound, 16;fromNihawend, 34; from Susa, 34; from Taranto,9; from Tel elMaskhuta,3480; from Thrace,3480; from Tod, 34; from Toukh-el-Qarmous,6, 8, 13; from Vouni, 348?.See also Metalware,Prototypes Simylinos,Rhodian eponym: 99 Siphnos, Attic bowls found at: 10 Size of Attic moldmade bowls: 15 Sodamos, Rhodian eponym: 106 Sosiphron,Knidian eponym: 96, 98 Soterichos,Rhodian fabricant:96 South Stoa II, building fill of: 2967,31, 35, 95, 104 SouthernRussia:Attic bowls found in, 10, 109;motifs on bowls from, 22. See also Olbia Sparkes,B.: 107-108 Sparta,motifs on bowls from: 21 Square PeristyleBuilding, fill over floor of: 106

135

Stackingrings: 5, 27, 33, 414, 415 Stag (MI): 19 Stamped amphora handles. See Amphora, transport, Deposit Summaries,passim Stampedmotifs: copyingof, 4, 25, 33; how interpretedby potter, 21 Stamps used in manufactureof bowls:4-5, 25, 27, 33, 44 Star (MI): medallion, 36; on wall, 37, 39 Stoa of Attalos. See underAttalos II Stratokles,Knidian eponym: 97 Sulla,95; destructiondebrisfromsackof Athens by, 18,31, 36, 37, 39, 94, 96, 97, 100, 102, 103, 104, 105, 110 Susa, silver long-petal bowl from: 34 Sweden, silver bowl in: 34 SyntagmaSquare,workshopexcavated at: 31 Syria:bronze bowl from, 7, 1715;importsfrom,42; Rothschild bowl from, 8 Talcott, L.: 108 Taranto:signatureof Aristonfound at,40; terracottaaltars from, 20; Treasureof, 9 Tarsus:Attic bowls found at, 10; date of moldmadebowls at, 10; faience bowl from, 7; imports from, 42 Techniqueof manufacture:4-5,25,36; chronologicalproblems associatedwith, 2, 32; tools used in, 4-5,411-413 Tel el-Maskhuta,silver bowl from: 3480 Telemachos, named on Thasian amphora:107 Telephos: 22 Telesiphron,Knidian eponym: 112 Tendrils,floral(MI): on floralbowls, 18; on plaster casts from Mitrahinet,9; on RothschildBowl, 8 Terminology:3-4, 44; for deposits, 96 Terracotta,figurines:31, 32, 40, 41; Roman plaque, 105. See also Deposit Summaries,passim Thalinbrotidas,Knidian eponym: 102, 10921 Thasian amphora:101, 107 Theaidetos, Rhodian eponym: 102 Thebes, Seven against:24 Theophrastos,founder of games in honor of Ptolemy III: 12 Theseus, Labors of (MI): 23-24 Thessalonike,motifs on bowls from: 21 Theuphantos,Knidian eponym: 102 Tholos, propylonsouth of: 101 Thompson,H. A.: 1, 9, 14, 158,16, 38, 107, 108, 109, 110. See also Group A-Group E Thrace, silver vase from: 3480 Thyrsos:21 Tod, Treasureof: 34 Torch race (MI): 19 Toukh-el-Qarmous,Treasureof: 6, 8, 13 Triton (MI): 19, 25, 27 Tritoness (MI): 19, 27 Trophy (MI): 21, 24 Turkishpottery: 103, 105

136

INDEX

Undecoratedmoldmadebowls:5, 32, 405

A: 17,23,25,26,29,30,31,33,36,103,109,110, Workshop 111

Vergina,paintedtombat: 23 Vouni, silver bowl from: 3480

Waage,F.: 10 C.: 22 Watzinger, Wearon molds:5, 32-33, 44-45 Wells:reliability of fillforestablishing 95.See chronology, also DepositSummaries, passim WestSlopedecoration: 24, 38, 39, 294,406-408 Wheelmadepottery:24-25, 31, 32, 39 Wheel-runmotifson bowls:36 Wine,mixingof: 15 Wingedman(MI):30 Woman,decoratingtrophy(MI):21, 25 playingdoublepipe(MI):19

Workshops: 1,4,25-32.SeealsoApollodoros, Bion,WorkA shop P.: 20 Wuilleiumer, Xenophanes,Rhodianeponym:106 Rhodianeponym:96 Xenophantos, Xenophon,Rhodianeponym:105 Rhodianeponym:97, 101, 105 Xenostratos, Xenotimos,Rhodianfabricant:104 Zahn,0.: 38 Zenon,Rhodianfabricant:108 Zeus(MI:Ganymede):andGanymede,22;on Athenian bronzecoins,33, 95

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