Hellenistic Pottery: Athenian and Imported Wheelmade Table Ware and Related Material (Athenian Agora 29)

AGORA ATHENIAN THE RESULTS OF EXCAVATIONS CONDUCTED THE AMERICAN SCHOOL BY OF CLASSICAL STUDIES AT ATHENS VOLU...

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AGORA ATHENIAN

THE

RESULTS

OF EXCAVATIONS

CONDUCTED THE AMERICAN

SCHOOL

BY

OF CLASSICAL

STUDIES

AT ATHENS

VOLUMEXXIX

HELLENISTIC POTTERY ATHENIAN

IMPORTED

AND

WHEELMADE TABILE AND

RELATED

WARE

MATERIAL

PART 1: TEXT BY

SUSAN I. ROTROFF

THE AMERICAN

SCHOOL

OF CLASSICAL

PRINCETON,

STUDIES

NEW JERSEY 1997

AT ATHENS

Data Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Rotroff, Susan I., 1947Hellenistic pottery: Athenian and imported wheelmade table ware and related material / by Susan I. Rotroff p. cm. - (AthenianAgora ; v. 29) Includes bibliographicalreferencesand index. Contents: pt. 1. Text- pt. 2. Illustrations ISBN 0-87661-229-X (alk.paper) 1. Pottery, Hellenistic-Expertising-Greece-Athens. 2. Pottery, HellenisticCatalogs. 3. Agora (Athens, Greece) I. Title. II. Series. NK3840.R68 1997 96-47458 738'.0938-dc21 CIP

0

American School of Classical Studies at Athens 1997

TYPOGRAPHY BY THE AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL STUDIES PUBLICATIONS OFFICE 6-8 CHARLTON STREET, PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY PLATES BY HULL PRINTING, MERIDEN, CONNECTICUT PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BY PRINCETON ACADEMIC PRESS, LAWRENCEVILLE, NEW JERSEY

FOR BOB

PREFACE T HE HELLENISTIC POTTERY of the Agora has been the organizingprinciple of my life for the past twenty years, and its study has been an education for me. I would like to thank Homer A. Thompson and T. Leslie ShearJr. for entrusting such important material to me for publication; they did this when I was at a very early stage in my career, and it was an act of faith and a vote of confidence for which I am very grateful. I owe thanks as well to the many Greek colleagues in the Archaeological Service who have supported my work and particularlyto Maro Tsoni-Kyrkou,who held direct responsibilityfor the Agora during many of the years when this workwas in progress. Successivesecretariesof the Agora Excavations,Lucy Krystallis,Helen Townsend, Margot Camp, andJanJordan, arranged for access to the pottery, fielded requests for photography,and provided good conversationat the quiet teas of mid-winter. Steven Koob, Alice Paterakis, and Olympia Theophanopoulou of the conservation staff cleaned, repaired, and reconstructed many of the pots. The guards of the excavation helped willingly with the time-consuming process of retrievaland storage. The illustrations of an archaeological publication are as important as the text, and I have had an army of helpers in the preparation of the photographs and drawings published in this volume. Many of the photographs come from the Agora archive: the photographers known to me are Alison Frantz, Eugene VanderpoolJr., Robert K. Vincent Jr., and Craig and Marie Mauzy; the printing is the work of Kyriaki Moustaki. I am particularlyindebted to Craig for rephotographing hundreds of pieces with remarkablygood cheer and for always managing to produce the crucial photograph in the nick of time (as well as for fixing the bathroom, rewiring broken lamps, repairing my water heater, and doing any number of mundane tasks that made my work infinitely easier). The plan of the Agora was drawn by Richard Anderson, who has a remarkable tolerance for research into the excavation trivia of yesteryear. The rest of the drawingswere made by a variety of artistsand draftspeoplewho have worked at the Agora during the last sixty years. Many of them I have never met, but I owe thanks to them all. Some are identified only by initials in the Agora records,and trackingdown their identities has constituted a small research project in itself. The first, and master of them all, was Piet de Jong, who in 1932 or 1933 did drawings of several Hellenistic pots for Homer Thompson's 1934 article, as well as several fine watercolors. Other artistsinclude Rhoda Herz (1952), Marian Welker(1948, 1955 or 1956), M. R.Jones (1958), Iro Athanassiadou(1959, 1963), Nina Travlou (1960-1962), Aliki Halepa Bikaki (1961), C. Polycarpou (1962), Helen Besi (1972-1973), Chris Pfaff(1979), Helen Townsend (1980), Elizabeth Safran (1983), Lynn A. Grant (1980-1982), Tina Najbjerg (1989-1991), Elizabeth Langridge (1990-1991), and Sylvie Dumont (1992). Much of the inking and some of the drawing is the work of the author. Because the illustrationswere drawnby many hands over many years, they are not uniform in style or conventions. Although the majoritywere drawn with the cross section on the right, whole series of illustrationswere done in reverse, with the cross section on the left. Often these have been reinked or mechanically reversed, but when such a drawing includes surface decoration I

Viii

PREFACE

have had to settle for the reversed profile. There have also been instances where the original inking was so superior that it seemed a shame to suppressit in favor of uniformity. Many colleagues provided insights and information that helped me with the work. At the head of the list is Virginia Grace, the source of most of my information on transport amphoras and their stamps. She was always extraordinarilygenerous with her time, expertise, and advice, not to mention her hospitality. I learned much from her at the Agora, and her famous Sunday lunches provided many opportunities for more general discussion (the idea of Appendix III originated at one of those lunches). Also of crucial importance is the contribution of John Kroll, who identified the coins and provided dates well in advance of the publication of his Agoravolume. Fred Kleiner and Alan Walker, during their time as Agora numismatists, also assisted me with numismatic matters. Others who have lent their help, knowledge, and support are Virginia Anderson-Stojanovic, Michel Bats, Judith Binder, Nicholas Cahill, John Camp, Stella Drougou, Charles Edwards,Richard Green,John Hayes, Caroline Houser, David Jordan, Carolyn Koehler, Kathleen Slane, Rhys Townsend, Malcolm Wallace, and FrederickWinter. Access to pottery from other collections has been facilitatedby CrawfordGreenewaltJr. (Sardis), James McCredie (Samothrace),Klaus Nohlen (Pergamon),Wolf Rudolph (Halies), Klaus Tuchelt and Ulrike Wintermeyer(Didyma),Hermann Vetters(Ephesos),CharlesK. WilliamsII (Corinth), and Hector Williams (Mytilene). I would like in particularto thank Ursula Knigge, Director of the Kerameikos Excavations, for the opportunity to examine the unpublished material from Building Z and to refer to that materialin this publication. And very special gratitude is reserved for Roger Edwards, who read the manuscript with exceptional care and offered corrections, additions, and suggestions that have very much improvedthe finished product; may every writer and scholar have as honest, wise, and generous a counselor. The logistics of publishing a book of this size and complexity are daunting, and those who struggledwith them deserve a hearty vote of thanks. I am grateful to members of the publication staffofthe American School, past and present, who have contributedtheir knowledge and talents to the project: Kerri Cox, Sarah George Figueira, Carol Ford,Marian McAllister,Nancy Moore, Susan Potavin, and especially my editor, Kathleen Krattenmaker,with whom I enjoyed playing e-mail ping-pong as we raced to meet deadlines. Financial support for my research has come from many sources. A major grant from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada funded several summers of work in Athens and provided the luxury of a research assistant. Awards from the City University of New York also supported summer research, and grants from the Archaeological Institute of America and the American Council of Learned Societies funded a year of work in Athens. A fellowship from the Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftunggave me a year in Germany, with access to excellent library facilities; I am particularlygrateful to my sponsor, Ulrich Hausmann, and to Bettina von Freytag-Loringhoff,who, as advisers, colleagues, and friends, made that year a remarkablypleasant and productiveone. The supportthat has made the most difference,though, and has allowed me to finish this book much more quicklythan I had hoped, is that of theJohn D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation. I cannot imagine why Ken Hope and his colleagues did such a strange and wonderful thing as to award me a MacArthur Prize; it is a miracle for which I can never express my thanks adequately. Certain people deserve special mention for having providedcompanionship and supportthat go beyond casual friendship. I thank Lynn Grant for always seeing the funny side of Hellenistic pots; Jan and David Jordan for travel adventures and long evenings of wine and conversation;

PREFACE

ix

Evelyn Smithson, whom I miss very much, for her unique view of the world and the Agora; Maggie Rothman for (among other things) our ladies' lunches; and Nancy Moore for listening, over and over again, to my compulsive worries about almost every aspect of the project. The prize for patience, however, goes to my husband, Bob Lamberton. He has been willing to fall in with my travel plans, spending much more time than was agreeable to him, or advisable, with me in Greece, I fear to the detriment of his own career. The dedication of this volume to him is inadequate thanks for the gift of his presence in my life.

SUSANI. ROTROFF St. Louis, Missouri December 1996

CONTENTS PREFACE..............................................................................

vii

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS .................................................................

xv

BIBLIOGRAPHY ANDABBREVIATIONS ..................................................... PART I. INTRODUCTION ................................................................... 1. INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW ..................................................

xvii 1

3

2. FIXED POINTS AND OTHER IMPORTANT CONTEXTS ................................

18

HLFTT NISTICPOTTERY .............................. 3. THE DECORATIONOFATTICr

37

PARTII. ATTICPOTTERY: SHAPESTUDES ................................................ 5. DRINKINGCUPS ......................................... ....................83 ANDRELATED SHAPES................................. CLASSICAL KANTHAROS KANTHAROS CLASSICAL ..................................................

81 83 83

CUP-KAN HAROS ........................................................

85

HANDLES......................................... SPECIAL KANTHAROS:

89

CALYX-CUP .............................................................

91

BOWL-KANTHAROS

......................................................

OTHER CLASSICALDRINKING-CUPSHAPES .....................................

SKYPHOS............................................................... BOLSTER-CUP ........................................................... BOLSAL......................................... HET.TNISTIC KANTHAROS ......................................... STRAIGHT WALL ......................................... A NGULAR ............................................................. BAGGY ............................................................... M OLDEDRIM ......................................................... HEMISPHERICAL CUP AND RELATED SHAPES ..................................

CUP WITH MOLDMADE FEET ............................................ NET-PATTERNCUP .....................................................

92

94 94 96

97 97 97 100

103 105 107 107

108

BLACK-GLAZED HEMISPHERICAL CUP .....................................

109

PARABOLIC CUP (M ASTOS) .............................................. OTHER BLACK-GLAZED CUPS ............................................

109

CUP WITHINTERIORDECORATION....................................... TWO-HANDLEDCUP ....................................................... IMITATIONPALESTINIANCUP ............................................

110 117

IMITATION KNIDIAN CUP ................................................

110

117 119

xii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FORWINESERVICE ..................................... 6. OTHERVF.SSL.T. VF-SSEL,S STORAGE ............................................ W EST SLOPEAMPHORA................................................. VESSELSFOR POURINGAND DIPPNG ......................................... WEST SLOPEOINOCHOE ..................................... CHOUS(OINOCHOE, SHAPE3) ..................................

LAGYNOS..............................

...........................

PITCHERwiTH THIN NECK .............................. O LPE ................................................................. BICONICALJUG................................................... SMALLJUGWITHWIDE MOUTH ............................. BAGGYASKOS ................................. SMALLJUGWITHGLAZEDINTERIOR ............................. ROUND-MOUTHJUG.............................................. ROUND-MOUTH JUGLET ............................. D IPPER ............................................................... SHELLDIPPER ......................................................... SITuLA ............................................. SERVINGV ESSELS.......................................................... K RATER ................................................. LEBES ..... ................................... OTHER MOLDMADE VESSELS FOR WINE SERVICE ..............................

7. VESSELS FOR FOOD SERVICE .................................... PLATE AND SAUCER ........................................................

PLATE:THICKENEDEDGE .............................................. PLATE:ROLLEDRIM ................................................... FISH-PLATE............................................................ SAUCER:PROJECTING RIM .................................... PLATE:RILLED RIM .................................................... PLATE: CONCAVERIM .................................................. SMALLDECORATEDPLATE .................................... LARGEW EST SLOPEPLATE ............................................. PLATE: OFFSET RIM .................................................... PLATE: UPTURNED RIM ................................................. COMPARTMENTPLATE ..................................................

O NE-HANDLER............................................................ BOWL, SMALL BOWL, AND SALTCELLAR ...................................... BOWL: OUTTURNED RIM ............................................... BOWL: VERTICAL UPPER WALL ......................................... ECHINUSBOW L ........................................................

BEVELEDBOWL ........................................................ FOOTEDHEMISPHERICAL BOWL ......................................... SMALL BOWL: PROJECTING RIM ......................................... SMALL BOWL: BROADBASE .............................................

120 120 120 124 124

125

127 128 128 129 130 131 131 132 132 133 134 134 135 135 140 140 142 142

142 142 146 149 151 152

152 153 154 154 155 155 156 156

160 161 164 164 165

SALTCELLAR...........................................................

165 165

DEEPBOWL:PROJECTING RIM .............................. DEEPWESTSLOPEBOWL:PROJECTING RIM .............................. DEEPBOWL:PLAINRIM ................................................

167 168 168

TABLE OF CONTENTS 169 169

8. VESSELSFOR O IL ............................................................ LEKYTHOS......................................

171

DUCKASKOS ...................................... ARYBALLOS ......................................

171

Gt rrUS ..............................................................

172

LIDDEDGUTTUS......................................

174

ASKOS PLASTIC ......................................

175

UNGUENTARIUM......................................

175

9. POURINGVESSELSFOR OTHER OR UNKNowN LIQUIDS ............................ D OUBLECRUET ........................................... ................. FILTERJUG ...................................... FEEDER. .............................................................. RING VASE/FEEDER ................................................... CANTEEN ........ ................................... 10. COVEREDTOILETVESSELS......................................

PYXIS .................................................................... T YPEB ............................................................... T YPEC ...............................................................

TYPED ..............................................................

.........

179 179 180 183 183 183 188 188 188 191

191

LEKANIS.................................................................. HANDLKTLRSSLEKANIS.................................................. REVERSIBLELID ....................................................... LEKANISLID ..........................................................

192 192

11. VESSELSFOR OTHER PURPOSES................................................ M EDICINEBOTTLE......................................................... INKWELL ................................................................. ECHINUS .............................................................. ANGULAR ............................................................. CONCAVEWIrrTHCONCAVETOP .......................................... CONCAVEWIrrTHCONVEXTOP ........................................... D OMED ............................................................... SPHERICAL ............................................................ L D ......................................................................

198 198 199 199 199

UNIDENTIFIED VESSELS AND FRAGMENTS ..................................... M INIATURES ..............................................................

12. VOTIVES AND OTHER VESSELS FOR RELIGIOUS USE .............................. LARGERITUALVESSELS .................................................... LOUTROPHOROS ....................................................... RHYTON .............................................................. PHIALE ............................................................... SMALLRITUAL VESSELS .................................................... BLACK-GLAZED VOTIVE SKYPHOS........................................ M INIATUREVOTIVES ................................................... THYMIATERION............................................................ VESSELSFROMRrruAL PYRES ............................................... PYRE LEKANIS......................................

PLATE............................................... RIBBON-HANDLED

192 197

200 200 200 200 200 201 203 204 204 204 204 206 206

207 208 210 212 214

214

xiv

TABLE OF CONTENTS PYRE SAUCER ......................................................... C HYTRIDION.......................................................... LOPADION.............................................................

215 215 216

COVERED BOVL .......................................................

217

PART III. NON-ATTIC POTTERY .........................................................

219

13. IMPORTED POTTERY .......................................................... HADRA HYDRIA ...........................................................

221

223

ANDRELATEDWARE LAGYNOS .............................................

225

LAGYNOS W ARE .......................................................

225

RELATED MATERIAL IN OTHER LIGHT-GROUND WARES ....................

230

WHITEGROUND,POLYCHROME DECORATION.................................

231 232 232 233 233 235

OTHER WHITE-GROUNDVESSELS ............................................ G RAYWARES ............................................................. IONIANPLATTERS...................................................... KNIDIAN GRAY W ARE ................................................... OTHER GRAY WARES .................................................. PART IV CATALOGUE..................................................................

237 239

OFCATALOGUE ORGANIZATION ENTRIES..................................... ATTIC POTTERY ........................................................... IMPORTEDPOTTERY........................................................ PART

242 389

V DEPOSIT SUMMAURIES ...........................................................

429

APPENDIX I: GRAPHS ILLUSTRATINGTHE CHRONOLOGY OF MOTIFS, SHAPES, AND IMPORTS ....

477

by R. E. Jones..

489

APPENDIX II: CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF BLACK-GLAZED HF.T.LENISTICCANTEENS,

III: WORKING SUGGESTIONS FOR ADJUSTMENT OF THE CHRONOLOGY OF HELLTFNISTIC LAMPS ...............................................................

APPENDIX

493

CONCORDANCES

AGORA EXCAVATIONS INVENTORY NUMBERS ........................................ KNIDIANTYPE(K1T)NUMBERS.................................................... COINS ..........................................................................

519 549 550

INDEXI: GENERAL....................................................................

555

INDEX II: M OTIFS.....................................................................

567

INDEX III: DEPOSITS ..................................................................

573

INDEX IV: INSCRIPTIONS...............................................................

575

ILLUSTRATIONS ILLUSTRATIONSIN THE TEXT 1. Charm necklace .................................................................................. 2. Reconstruction of moldmade kantharos ........................................................... 3. Skylla (1652) ....................................................................................

60 141 408

GRAPHS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Survival of motifs from gold-decorated to West Slope ............................................... Chronology of some common West Slope motifs ................................................... Chronology of drinking cups: Classical shapes ..................................................... Chronology of drinking cups: Hellenistic shapes ................................................... Chronology of shapes for serving wine ............................................................ Chronology of plates, bowls, small bowls, and saltcellars ............................................ Chronology of vessels for oil and other pouring vessels .............................................. Chronology of toilet vessels ....................................................................... Chronology of vessels for religious purposes ....................................................... Chronological distributionof imports ..................................

SeePart2for Plan,Figures,andPlates

478 479 480 481 482 483 484 485 486 487

BIBLIOGRAPHYAND ABBREVIATIONS Abadie, C., and T. Spyropoulos. 1985. "Fouillesa Helleniko (Eua de Thyreatide),"BCH 109, pp. 385-454 Adams, W Y, and E. W Adams. 1991. Archaeological Typologyand PracticalReality:A DialecticalApproachto Artifact andSorting,Cambridge/New York/Port Chester/Melbourne/Sydney Classificaton deMoustafaPacha(AnnMusGRAlex, 1933/34-1934/35 [1936]) Adriani, A. 1936. La ndcropole . 1939. "Rhyta,"BSRAA33, n.s. 10:2, pp. 350-362 . 1940. "Fouilleset decouvertes,"AnnMusGRAlex, 1935-1939 [1940], pp. 15-163 . 1952a. "Nouvelles decouvertes dans la necropole de Hadra," AnnMusGRAlex, 1940-1950 [1952], pp. 1-27 . 1952b. "Travauxde fouilles et de restaurationsdans la region d'Abousir(Mareotis),"AnnMusGRAlex, 19401950 [1952], pp. 129-159 ? 1963-1966. Repertorio d'artedell'Egitto Series C, Palermo greco-romano, . 1966. "Un motivo 'theocriteo' in un vaso Alessandrino," in M6langesoffertsa KazimierzMichalowski,M. L. Bernhard, ed., Warsaw,pp. 31-34 Schoolof ClassicalStudiesat Athens Conducted Agora= TheAthenian Agora:Resultsof Excavations bytheAmerican III = R. E. Wycherley,LiteraryandEpigraphical Princeton 1957 Testimonia, IV = R. H. Howland, Greek LampsandTheirSurvivals,Princeton 1958 V = H. S. Robinson, Potteryof theRomanPeriod:Chronology, Princeton 1959 VI = C. Grandjouan, Terracottas andPlasticLampsof theRomanPeriod,Princeton 1961 VII =J. Perlzweig,Lampsof theRomanPeriod:Firstto SeventhCentury afterChrist,Princeton 1961 VIII = E. T. H. Brann, LateGeometric andProtoattic Mid 8th toLate7th Century B.C., Princeton 1962 Pottery: X = M. Lang and M. Crosby, Weights, MeasuresandTokens, Princeton 1964 XII = B. A. Sparkesand L. Talcott, BlackandPlainPotteryof the6th,5th and4th Centuries B.C., Princeton 1970 XIII = S. A. Immerwahr,TheNeolithicandBronzeAges,Princeton 1971 XIV = H. A. Thompson and R. E. Wycherley,TheAgoraofAthens:TheHistory,ShapeandUsesofanAncientCiy Center, Princeton 1972 XIX = G. V Lalonde, M. K. Langdon, and M. B. Walbank,Inscriptions: LeasesofPublicLands, Horoi,PoletaiRecords, Princeton 1991 XXI = M. Lang, Graffiti andDipinti,Princeton 1976 XXII = S. I. Rotroff, HellenisticPottery: AthenianandImported Moldmade Bowls,Princeton 1982 XXIII = M. B. Moore and M. Z. P. Philippides,AtticBlack-Figured Pottery,Princeton 1986 XXV = M. Lang, Ostraka, Athens 1990 XXVI =J. H. Kroll, with contributionsby A. S. Walker,TheGreekCoins,Princeton 1993 XXVII = R. F. Townsend, TheEast Sideof theAgora:TheRemainsbeneath theStoaofAttalos,Princeton 1995 XXVII = A. L. Boegehold, TheLawcourts at Athens:Sites,Buildings,Equipment, and Testimonia, Princeton Procedure, 1995 XXX = M. B. Moore, AtticRed-Figured and White-Ground Pottery,Princeton, forthcoming AiThanoumI = Fouillesd'AiKhianoum I (Campagnes dela deligation 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968) (Memoires archeologiquefranfcaise enAfghanistan 21), P. Bernard, ed., Paris 1973 Akamatis,I. M. 1985. IIHXtve; jTxpec ayyekov a7t6TT)VIIkXXa,Thessaloniki AlbaniaAnticaIII = L. M. Ugolini, L'acropoli di Butrinto(AlbaniaAnticaIII), Rome 1942 Allamani, B., and K. Tzanavari. 1994. <EXtaxra ayyekv XT) lcqn:p6lLiTqeXX:)vtatxqNenoX>qa7i6 xacptx4a6voXa in r" 90-103 Euv&vTx)a), BipotLa>>, pp. Tx). Alt-AginaII, i = E. Walter-Karydi,W. Felten, and R. Smetana-Scherrer,Ostgriechische lakonische attische Keramik, Keramik, undrotfigurige undhellenistische Keramik Keramik, schwarzfgurige spatklassische II, i), Mainz 1982 (Alt-Agina HileneStathatosI: Lesbyjoux Amandry,P. 1953. Collection antiques,Strasbourg I = M. Almagro, Introduccidny Ampurias I, Monografias necr6polis griegas(Lasnecr6polis deAmpurias Ampuritanas 3), Barcelona 1953 AncientMacedonia= AncientMacedonia, Athens 1988

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Anderson,J. K. 1953. "Excavationsnear Mamousia in Achaia," BSA 48, pp. 154-171 . 1954. "Excavationon the Kophina Ridge, Chios," BSA49, pp. 123-182 Anderson-Stojanovic,V R. 1993. "AWell in the Rachi Settlement at Isthmia," Hesperia62, pp. 257-302 vonSperlonga, ZurSkylla-Gruppe Andreae, B., and B. Conticello. 1987. SkyllaundCharybdis: Mainz/Stuttgart AerX 27, Andreiomenou, A. K. 1973. <<EpeuvatxaltruXala e6pi?ara iv tfj i6Xet xatfj ciznapXEXaXxE8oq>>, 1972, A' [1973], pp. 170-184 inFr Eu &vvT)o7, a76 rx vexpoa(peEa tc Andreou, I. 1994. <SuvoXcaXX-qvo'atxq xEpa(xtLtxr apXaac Aeux&8op>>, 196-204 pp. Andronicos, M. 1961. <<'EXXltaotx6oT&cpoq Bepoacg>>, ApXEc 1955 [1961], pp. 22-50 . 1977. >, AAA 10, pp. 1-72 TheRoyalTombs,Athens . 1984. Vergina: Angel,J. L. 1945. "SkeletalMaterial from Attica," Hesperia14, pp. 279-363 AntikenausBonn= Antikenaus demAkademischen Kunstmuseum Bonn,Dusseldorf 1969 = Antikenausrheinischem Antikenausrheinischem Privatbesitz Privatbesitz (KunstundAlertumamRhein48), Koln 1973 AntiochIV, i = Ceramics andIslamicCoins(Antioch-on-the-Orontes IV, i), F. 0. Waage, ed., Princeton 1948 en 1947-1949, Sofia 1963 (in Bulgarian d'Apolonia ApolloniaI = I. Venedikov etal., Apollonia:Lesfouillesdansla nicropolk with French summary) a76 Tr)vapXataxApplpoaao>,AeX' 39, 1984, A' [1990], pp. 77-118 Arapogianni, X. 1990. <>, Armstrong,J. E., andJ. M. Camp II. 1977. "Notes on a WaterClock in the Athenian Agora," Hesperia46, pp. 147-161 Arvanitopoulos,A. S. 1912. "Ein thessalischerGold- und Silberfund,"AM 37, pp. 73-118 . 1928. rpat-catrt.Xal A Tp Lxpa'o(;oq-IIaycaG)v, Athens AshdodII-III = M. Dothan, The Secondand ThirdSeasonsof Excavations: in 1967 (AshdodII-III, 1963, 1965, Soundings 'Atiqot, English series 9-10), Jerusalem 1971 Atasoy,S. 1974. "The KocahkzlarTumulus in Eski?ehir,Turkey,"AJA 78, pp. 255-263 desMustesdepartmentaux deSeine-Maritime (Collections Aufrere, S. 1987. Collections igyptiennes 3), Rouen AvP= Alterti'mer vonPergamon Die Stadt,Berlin 1913 I, ii = A. Conze, StadtundLandschaft: derHochburg, V, i = G. Kawerau and T. Wiegand, Die Paldiste Berlin/Leipzig 1930 vonPergamon, Berlin 1895 VIII, ii = E. Fabriciusand C. Schuchhardt,Die Inschrjfien IX = E. Boehringer and E Krauss,Das Temenosfjr denHerrscherkult, Berlin/Leipzig 1937 1:Dersfidliche XI, i = 0. Ziegenaus and G. de Luca, DasAsklepieion in hellenistischer Temenosbezirk undfiihromischer Zeit, Berlin 1968 XI, ii = 0. Ziegenaus and G. de Luca, Das Asklepieion 2: Dernordliche undangrenzende in Temenosbezirk Anlagen hellenistischer Berlin 1975 undfriihrdmischer Zeit, B' Suv&vT)<7 = B' E7LtTjiovLx Suv&vrvTa7 ytla T)v EXX7vtLaTtXKepateixe : XpovoXoymx& ipop3X4'aTa TT eXX7)vtoLtxfg xepaetpcLX)C, Athens 1990

et chronologique desmonnaies de la ripublique romaine Babelon, E. 1885. Description I, vulgairement appellesconsulaires historique Paris Bailey,D. M. 1972. "Crowe'sTomb at Benghazi," BSA67, pp. 1-11 Barag, D. 1972. "Two Roman Glass Bottles with Remnants of Oil," IEJ 22, pp. 24-26 BarbounaIV = I. Hagg andJ. M. Fossey, The HellenisticNecropolisand LaterStructures on theMiddleSlopes,1973-77 in theBarbounaArea atAsineIV;Boreas:UpsalaStudiesinAncientMediterranean andNearEastern (Excavations Civilizations 4:4), Upsala 1980 Decorative Barr-Sharrar,B. 1987. TheHellenisticandEarlyImperial Bust,Mainz Basch, A. 1972. '"Analysesof Oil from Two Roman Glass Bottles,"IEJ 22, pp. 27-32 Bass, G. F 1975. "UnderwaterSurvey-1973," Tiirk4rkDerg 22:2, pp. 33-38 a Olbiade Provence Bats, M. 1988. Vaisselleet alimentation (v. 350-v. 50 av.J.-C.): Modles culturelset catigoriesciramiques deJNarbonnaise (R6vuearchkologique Supplement 18), Paris Stoddard Collection Baur, P. V C. 1922. Catalogue of theRebeccaDarlington of GreekandItalianVasesin rale Universiy,New Haven in r Euiv&vTcnr, T7)>, Baziotopoulou-Valavani,E. 1994. <
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. 1982. "The Pnyx in Models," in Studiesin AtticEpigraphy, Presented to EugeneVanderpool History,andTopography 133-147 Princeton, (HesperiaSupplement 19), pp. . 1990. TheAthenian andMuseum,4th ed., rev.J. M. Camp II, Athens Agora:A Guideto theExcavation L. H. and R. 1943. "Stoas Scranton. and A., City Walls on the Pnyx," Hesperia12, pp. 269-383 Thompson, M. The Silver New York 1961. New Style CoinageofAthens, Thompson, Tran Tam Tinh, V. 1964. Essaiesurle culted'Isisa Pompei,Paris Travlos,J., and A. Frantz. 1965. "The Church of St. Dionysios the Areopagite and the Palace of the Archbishop of Athens in the 16th Century,"Hesperia34, pp. 157-202 Treasures ofAncientMacedonia= Treasures ofAncientMacedonia,n.p. 1978 fromtheAegean,pp. 146-163 Tsakos, K. 1994. "Potteryfrom a Late Hellenistic Samian Deposit," in HellenisticPottery e n To eXX)vtaTwLx6 in Tsibidou-Auloniti, M. 1994. (<EuvoXa xepautxi cx76 vexpocacpeto T)S QaaaXovlxl)S?, pp. 80-89 Fr' uv&vTqoarl, in Kopf-undProtomengestalt Tuchelt, K. 1962. Ttergefdsse (IstForsch 22), Berlin .1967. "Skylla:Zu einem neugefundenen Tonmodel aus Didyma," IstMitt17, pp. 173-194 Ure, A. D. 1962. "Boiotian Pottery from the Athenian Agora," Hesperia31, pp. 369-377. Ure, P. N. 1913. Black GlazePotteryfrom Rhitsonain Boeotia,London/Edinburgh/Glasgow/New York/Toronto/ Melbourne/Bombay P. N. Ure 1927 = SixthandFjfthCentury Madeat Rhitsona,P. N. Ure, ed., London Pottery fromExcavations ThePapersofaMemorialSymposium Vanderpool, E. 1980. "The State Prison of Ancient Athens,"in FromAthensto Gordion: for RodneyS. roung,K. DeVries, ed., Philadelphia,pp. 17-31 Vanderpool, E.,J. R. McCredie, and A. Steinberg. 1962. "Koroni:A Ptolemaic Camp on the East Coast of Attica," Hesperia31, pp. 26-61 1964. "Koroni:The Date of the Camp and the Pottery,"Hesperia33, pp. 69-75 t.X.>, ApXEp Varoucha-Christodoulopoulou, I. 1961. <EutpoX) elS tbr6vXpeOcvL8etovn76X?jiov266/5-263/2 1953-1954 (3) [1961], pp. 321-349 = S. Drougou and I. Touratsoglou,EXXvLarrtxolX)aevrol t&(poLBipoLacq, Veroia Athens 1980 Vetters, H. 1981. "Ephesos:VorlaufigerGrabungsbericht1980,"Anzzien 118, pp. 137-153 Vickers, M. 1981. "Recent Acquisitionsof GreekAntiquitiesby the Ashmolean Museum,"AA [JdI 96], pp. 541-561 .1985. "ArtfulCrafts:The Influence of Metalworkon Athenian Painted Pottery,"JHS 105, pp. 108-128 AncientGreekSilverware andPottery,Oxford Vickers, M., and D. Gill. 1994. Artfl Crafts: Allan. 1986. From Silver to Oxford andJ. Vickers, M., O. Impey, Ceramic, Vierneisel, K. 1964. "Die Ausgrabungen im Kerameikos:Die Grabung in der Nekropole, 1962," AA [JdI 79], cols. 420-467 Vilimkova, M., and H. Wimmer. 1969. RomanArtinAfrica,London/Chicago Villefosse, A. Heron de. 1899. Le trisordeBoscoreale (MonPiot5), Paris Vogeikoff,N. 1993. "Hellenistic Pottery from the South Slope of the Akropolis"(diss.Bryn Mawr College 1993) 1994. <EXX7vLatLxxl t xrSqAxp67oX7go,in r' Suv&vTxrla7, xepcatutxtat 6 Tr N6tLa KXL pp. 39-45 Fundorts ausdemBesitzedesHerrnA. Vogell, Cassell 1908 sidrussischen Altertiimer Karlsruhe, Vogell= Griechische Vollmoeller,K. G. 1901. "Uber zwei euboische Kammergrabermit Totenbetten,"AM 26, pp. 333-376 Vuckovic-Todorovic,D. 1973. "Le ceramique grecque et hellenistique dans l'est de la Yougoslavie,"RA, 7th ser. 8, pp. 39-52 Waage, F 0. 1933. "The Roman and Byzantine Pottery,"Hesperia2, pp. 279-328 de Waele, EJ. 1931. "The Greek Stoa North of the Temple at Corinth,"AJA 35, pp. 394-423 Society37), London Wainwright,G. A. 1920. Balabish(Memoirs of theEgyptExploration Walker,S. 1979. "ASanctuary of Isis on the South Slope of the Athenian Acropolis,"BSA 74, pp. 243-257 Art:TheMacgregor Wallis, H. 1898. EgyptianCeramic Collection, n.p. toDavidMoore Robinson onHis Seventieth Walter,0. 1951. "Ein Totenmahlreliefaus Samos,"in StudiesPresented BirthdayI, G. E. Mylonas, ed., St. Louis, pp. 594-605 Women in theDressoflsis (HesperiaSupplement 22), Princeton Walters, E.J. 1988. AtticGraveReliefsThatRepresent Watson, R. G. 1985. "XRF Analysis of Greek Amphorae" (unpublishedMA thesis, BradfordUniversity 1985) Watzinger,C. 1901. "Vasenfundeaus Athen," AM 26, pp. 50-102 ? 1902. "Die griechisch-romischenAltertumerim Museum zu Kairo. III. Vasen,"AA [JdI 17], pp. 155-160 . 1924. Griechische Vasenin Tiibingen, Reutlingen

xxxvi

BIBLIOGRAPHY AND ABBREVIATIONS

Webster,T. B. L. 1951. "Maskson Gnathia Vases,"JHS 71, pp. 222-232 * 1960. "GreekDramatic Monuments from the Athenian Agora and Pnyx," Hesperia29, pp. 254-284 ? 1961. "Leading Slaves in New Comedy 300 B.C.-300 A.D.," JdI 76, pp. 100-110 ? 1968. "Towardsa Classificationof Apulian Gnathia,"BICS 15, pp. 1-33 2nd ed. (BICSSupplement 24), London . 1969. Monuments New Comedy, Illustrating 3rd ed., rev.J. R. Green (BICSSupplement 39), London . 1978. Monuments IlustratingOldandMiddleComedy, Weinberg,G. D. 1961. "Hellenistic Glass Vesselsfrom the Athenian Agora," Hesperia30, pp. 380-392 . 1970. "Hellenistic Glass from Tel Anafa in Upper Galilee,"JGS 12, pp. 17-27 Weinberg,S. S. 1969. "Tel Anafa-a Problem-OrientedExcavation,"Muse3, pp. 16-23 ArtduringHellenisticandRomanPeriods,Stockholm Westholm, A. 1936. The Temples of Soli:Studieson Cypriote A Petrological andArchaeological Whitbread, I. K. 1995. GreekTransport Study(Fitch Laboratory Occasional Amphorae: Paper 4), Athens Wigand, K. 1912. "Thymiateria,"Bonnjbb122, pp. 1-97 aux religionsorientales dansl'empire Wild, R. A. 1981. Waterin the CulticWorship of Isis and Serapis(ltudespriliminaires romain87), Leiden Willers, D. 1986. "Typus und Motiv: Aus der hellenistischen Entwicklungsgeschichteeiner Zweifigurengruppe," Anti 29, pp. 137-150 Williams,C., and M. Toli. 1990. "HellenisticPotteryfrom Three Periodson the Island of Lesbos,"in B' EuvvrTlOT, pp. 98-109 Williams, C. K., II. 1969. "Excavationsat Corinth, 1968," Hesperia38, pp. 36-63 . 1970. "Corinth, 1969: ForumArea," Hesperia39, pp. 1-39 . 1977. "Corinth 1976: ForumSouthwest,"Hesperia46, pp. 40-81 Williams, C. K., II and 0. H. Zervos. 1982. "Corinth, 1981: East of the Theater," Hesperia51, pp. 115-163 Winter,F. A. 1984. "Late Classical and Hellenistic Potteryfrom Gordion: The Imported Black Glazed Wares"(diss. University of Pennsylvania 1984) Winter,F., and E. Pernice. 1899. "Zum hildesheimer Silberschatz. II," AA [Jdl 14], pp. 121-130 Wintermeyer,U. 1980. "Didyma:Berichtuiberdie Arbeiten derJahre 1975-1979. 5. Katalog ausgewahlterKeramik und Kleinfunde," IstMitt30, pp. 122-160 Witt, R. E. 1971. Isis in theGraeco-Roman World,Ithaca 8, Beiheft, pp. 1-22 Wolters, P. 1905. "Fadenund Knoten als Amulett,"ArchivfiirReligionswissenschaft 1913. "EingeritzteInschriftenaufVasen," AM 38, pp. 193-202 Wright, K. S. 1980. "ATiberian PotteryDeposit from Corinth," Hesperia49, pp. 135-177 Paris Wuilleumier,P. 1930. Le trisorde Tarente, C. G. 1949. Greek Altars: and St. Louis Yavis, Origins Typology, "An R. S. 1951 a. Industrial of District Ancient Athens,"Hesperia20, pp. 135-288 Young, .1951b. "SepulturaeIntra Urbem," Hesperia20, pp. 67-134 Zahn, R. 1908. "HellenistischeReliefgefasseaus Siidrussland,"JdI 23, pp. 45-77 Alte:Das LachenderVerhihnten, Frankfurt Zanker,P. 1989. Die trunkene fromtheAegean,pp. 74-79 Zapheiropoulou, P. 1994. "The Tomb of the 'Sculptor',"in Hellenistic Pottery Xoq-KepajiLttx a6 Tov 8p6lto P6peta :ou Av85pou tov Zapheiropoulou, P., and P. Hatzidakis. 1994. <
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND ABBREVIATIONS

xxxvII

ABBREVIATIONS OF PERIODICALS AND SERIES AA = Archaologischer Anzeiger AAA = ApXatoXoy?txAv&Xexrxe A09)v6v = Actaarcheologica Academiae scientiarum ActaArchHung Hungaricae AF = Archiologische Forschungen = Excavations AgoraPicBk of theAthenian Agora.PictureBook American AJA= JournalofArchaeology AM = MitteilungedesDeutschen Athenische Archdologischen Instituts, Abteilung AM-BH = Mitteilungen desDeutschen Instituts,Athenische Beihefi Archaologischen Abteilung. AMIran= Archaologische ausIran Mitteilungen andAnthropology AnnLiv= AnnalsofArchaeology [Liverpool] = AnnuaireduMus&e AnnMusGRAlex [Alexandrie] gr6co-romain Numismatic Societ MuseumNotes ANSMN= American AntK= AntikeKunst Akademie derWissenschaften, Klasse AnzWien= Anzeiger.Osterreichischen philologisch-historische ArchCl= Archeologia classica ApXEy = ApXatoXoy?xiEynpjept BABesch= Bulletinantiekebeschaving. AnnualPaperson ClassicalArchaeology BASOR= Bulletinof theAmerican Schoolsof Oriental Research BCH = Bulletindecorrespondance hellinique BdA= Bollettinod'arte BEFAR= BibliothWque desAcolesfranaises d'Athbnes et deRome BICS = Bulletinof theInstituteof ClassicalStudiesof theUniversiyof London BIFAO= Bulletinde l'Institutfranfais orientale. Le Caire d'archtologie BMMA= Bulletinof theMetropolitan MuseumofArt,New rork desRheinischen Landesmuseums in Bonnunddes Vereins vonAltertumsfreunden imRheinlande Bonnjbb= Bonnerjahrbiicher BSA = Annualof theBritishSchoolat Athens BSRAA= Bulletinde la Sociti royaled'arch6ologie d'Alexandrie CAH= Cambridge AncientHistory = CahiersdeByrsa CahByrsa ClAnt= ClassicalAntiquity ClRh= ClaraRhodos.Studie materiali a curadell'Istituto di Rodo pubblicati storico-archeologico = Collection CollLatomus Latomus = Compte-rendu CRPitersb dela Commission St. Pitersbourg ImpirialeArchlologique, = C. and E. Dictionnaire des et romaines, Paris 1881-1913 DarSag Saglio, Daremberg antiquitis grecques AeXx = ApXatLoXoYtx6vAeXkrov

Gaz4rch= Gazettearchiologique HThR = HarvardTheological Review = Israel IEJ Journal Exploration IG = Inscriptiones graecae LondonNews ILN = Illustrated = Istanbuler IstForsch Forschungen IstMitt= Istanbuler Mitteilungen Instituts JdI = JahrbuchdesDeutschen Archaologischen = des Deutschen Instituts,Erganzungsheft JdI-EH Jahrbuch Archiologischen JEA = JournalofEgyptianArchaeology JGS = Journalof GlassStudies JHS = Journalof HellenicStudies = Kenchreai.EasternPortof Corinth.Resultsof Investigations Kenchreai by the University of ChicagoandIndianaUniversity for theAmerican Schoolof ClassicalStudiesat Athens LibAnt= Libyaantiqua LIMC= LexiconIconographicum Classicae,Zurich/Munich 1981Mythologiae MAAR= Memoirsof theAmerican in Rome Academy

xxxviii XXXVlll

BIBLIOGRAPHY AND ABBREVIATIONS

MarbWPr= Marburger Winckelmann-Programm et d'histoire del'Jcolefranfaise deRome MEFR = Mtlangesd'archtologie MEFRA= Milangesdel'kcolejfanfaisedeRome,Antiquitt MM = Madrider Mitteilungen E. Piot Fondation MonPiot= Monuments et memoires. Muse= Muse.Annualof theMuseumofArtandArchaeology, University ofMissouri Chronicle NC = Numismatic NSc = Notiziedegliscavidi antichitA Institutes in Wien,Beiblatt desOsterreichischen Archiologischen OjhBeibl= Jahreshefte = ev A09vact ApXactooytxcx EtatpeLta IIpaxxLx6 IIpaxxTx6Tr7S in Palestine QDAP= Quarterly ofAntiquities of theDepartment RA = Revuearchiologique RDAC= Reportof theDepartment ofAntiquities, Cyprus dell'Accademia di archeologia, letteree bellearti,Napoli RendNap= Rendiconti = Rivistadell'Istituto RivlstArch e storiadell'arte nazionaled'archeologia RM = Mitteilungen desDeutschen Instituts,Rdmische Archdologischen Abteilung = di studi Rivista liguri RStLig SIMA= Studiesin Mediterranean Archaeology SIMA-PB= Studiesin Mediterranean Pocketbook Archaeology. = Sovetskaja SovArch archeologija StEtr= Studietruschi StMisc= Studimiscellanei. di archeologia Seminario e storiadell'arte di Roma grecae romanadell'Universita = The Swedish SwCyprusExp CyprusExpedition TAPS= Transactions Society of theAmerican Philosophical Ermitazha Trudy= TrudyGosudarstvennogo = Tiirkarkeoloji TiirkArkDerg dergisi

HELLENISTIC POTTERY ATHENIAN AND IMPORTED WHEELMADE TABLE WARE AND RELATED MATERIAL

PART I INTR'IODUCTION

1 INTIRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW THIS VOLUME is based on materialfound in the Athenian Agora between 1931, the inception of the American excavations, and 1982 and is part of the ongoing publication of all the Hellenistic pottery from the Agora. It is devoted to the finer wares, mostly glazed and sometimes painted, and the votives, with the following exceptions: moldmade bowls, which have already been published in AgoraXXII; Panathenaic amphoras, treated by Roger Edwards in an article of 1957;1 kernoi, the subject of a recent article byJ. J. Pollitt;2 and Eastern Sigillata A (ESA), a ware that straddles the Hellenistic and early Roman periods and that will be presented in toto byJohn Hayes and Henry Robinson in a futureAgoravolume. It is possible that, with the lowering of dates in the latter part of the 4th century, the latest red figure should now be dated within the Hellenistic period. All inventoried red figure from pre-1968 excavationswill appear in Mary Moore's AgoraXXX; her deposit summaries provide an index to its frequency in Hellenistic deposits. It should be noted also that two vessels in the Catalogue do not come from the Agora but entered the collection as gifts (460, 1646). A few categories of plain ware have been included because of their relationship, in shape, function, or context, to finer wares (e.g. medicine bottles, chytridia, lopadia). But because of the sheer quantity of material, most of the cooking ware, household ware, and finer unglazed wares, like gray unguentaria, have been omitted; they will form part of a separate work. Most of the material was made between ca. 325 and 50 B.C., but it has occasionally been useful to include examples of the third quarterof the 4th century and of the second half of the 1st century. Some of the shapes investigated continued to be made in the Roman period; the later phases of their development will be presented by Hayes and Robinson. Although the sample investigated is large, this volume is not a description of Athenian Hellenistic pottery as a whole. Some shapes are not representedbecause no examples have been found at the Agora. Examples of such shapes are the following: lidded, straight-walledkantharos(Moreno 1964-1965, p. 43, fig. 34; Knigge and Kovacsovics 1981, p. 386, fig. 3; Vierneisel 1964, col. 456, fig. 50); large Corinthian skyphoswith handle plates (Knigge 1988, p. 93, fig. 85, left).

HISTORY OF THE STUDY OF HEJLLENISTICPOTTERY FROM THE ATHENIAN AGORA Interestin the materialmay be traced back to 1933, when FrederickWaage commented brieflyon Hellenistic pottery found at the Agora in 1931, the first season of excavation.3 Dramatic progress 1 G. R. Edwards1957.

Only a few fragmentshavebeen addedto the Agorainventorymorerecently:P 25846,

P 26825, P 26392, P 27052, P 28153, P 28280. 2 Pollitt 1979. 3 Waage 1933, pp. 279-285.

1. INTRODUCTIONAND OVERVIEW

4

was made in 1934 with the publication of Homer Thompson's "Two Centuries of Hellenistic Pottery,"4which presented the contents of five rich deposits. Although the absolute dates he assigned to those contexts have now been revised,5the relative sequence that Thompson devised has been proven valid by subsequent study, and many of the conclusions he drew require little or no adjustment. Thompson's results go far to illustratethe point that much valid information can be gleaned from a fairly small sample of pottery, provided it is well chosen. Subsequently a number of additional deposits from the Agora have been published: the pyres of the 4th and 3rd centuries; Group F, the earliestof the contexts presented in AgoraV; Menon's Cistern; a series of Hellenistic cisterns on the Kolonos Agoraios; and, most recently, a series of fills under the Stoa of Attalos.6 These, along with other Athenian deposits published as groups,7have gradually enhanced the picture of Hellenistic ceramics and provide useful points of reference. In the 1950's Roger Edwards began to prepare a synthetic study of the Hellenistic pottery from the Agora. This was envisioned as a single volume that would encompass moldmade and wheelmade table wares as well as household and cooking wares. In 1956 he published the moldmade bowls from the Pnyx excavations (which are also stored at the Stoa of Attalos), and the next year the study of the Panathenaic amphoras mentioned above appeared.8 Work on the Agora volume was already well advanced in 1962, when the discoveries at the Ptolemaic encampment at Koroni on the east coast of Attica were published.9 These showed that major adjustmentsneeded to be made in the chronology of the early Hellenistic period, but it was some years before the implicationsof those discoveriescould be digested. AgoraXII, for instance, which came out eight years later, in 1970, perpetuated the old chronology. The authors did not discuss the site, although they mentioned it three times in notes;10 perhaps the date was late enough that they felt they could legitimately leave that problem to be confronted by others. The need for a majoroverhaulof the chronologynaturallyslowed Edwards'workon the Agora pottery; he was also busy with the preparation of his publication of the Hellenistic Corinthian pottery,completed in 1970 and published in 1975.11 In 1971 Edwardsresigned from the project, which was turned over to me. I began with the moldmade bowls, which formed the subject of my doctoral dissertation;this was subsequently rewritten as AgoraXXII, submitted for publication in 1978 and published in 1982. In 1979 I began work on the present book, in which I planned to include all the other Hellenistic pottery from the excavations. As the project progressed,however, it became clear that the volume of the material was too large for a single book, and in 1989 the decision was taken to limit the present study to fine wares. Work was completed in 1993; no major revisions have been made since, although I have added references and bibliography as more material has been published. 4

H. A. Thompson1934.

See Rotroff 1987b, pp. 4-6 for a summaryof these revisions. Pyres: Young 1951b, pp. 110-130. Group F: AgoraV, pp. 10-21. Menon's Cistern: Stella G. Miller 1974. Cisterns on the Kolonos Agoraios: Rotroff 1983. Fills under the Stoa of Attalos:AgoraXXVII, pp. 178-206. 7 The Dipylon Well in the Kerameikos (Braun 1970) and the Piraeus Cistern (I. R. Metzger 1973), as well as and graves pyres in the Kerameikos(Schlorb-Vierneisel1966; Kerameikos XIV). 8 G. R. Edwards 1956; 1957. 9 Vanderpool, McCredie, and Steinberg 1962; see also pp. 31-32 below. 10 AgoraXII, p. 46, note 129; p. 205, note 5; p. 218, note 17. Their comments there seem to suggest that they believed the pottery to cover a long span and that at least some of it dated to the turn of the 4th to the 3rd century. 1 Corinth VII, iii. 5

6

SELECTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF THE POTTERY

5

SELECTION AND ARRANGEMENT OF THE POTTERY aeHellenistic pottery t the Agora exists, the total of Although no single, complete list of all the inventoriedvessels is probably close to 5,700. About a quarterof these are household or cooking ware and have thus been excluded from this study. Subtract also about 800 moldmade bowls, 50 Panathenaic amphoras, and 150 kernoi. This leaves a collection of over 3,200 vessels, which forms the basis of the hepresent study. Because a high percentage of imports have been inventoried, they make up about 12 percent of this number, although of course imports account for a much smallerfraction of the total pottery found. The rest of the inventoriedpieces, totaling about 2,800 vessels, are of local manufacture. Somewhat over half of these pots have been given numbers in the Catalogue, and others have been included as comparanda. Items have been excluded only when they are too fragmentary for interpretation or when they duplicate a catalogued piece. In the case of duplicates, I have usually chosen the piece with the best context for inclusion; if one of the duplicates is published, I have preferred to include the unpublished piece. The percentage of examples included in the Catalogue varies from shape to shape. A relativelysmall sample sufficesin instanceswhere a shape exhibits a clear pattern of development; this is the case, for instance, with Classical kantharoi and cup-kantharoi. But where development is less clear or uniform, as, for instance, in the case of the saucer with projecting rim, a much larger percentage of the inventoried vessels has been published. In general, emphasis is on vessels from closed, dated deposits, but unusual or unique pieces have been included even if they come from later or undated contexts or have no provenience at all. All vessels in the Catalogue have been illustratedin photographs or drawings, or both, at a scale of 1:3 where possible. Stamped motifs are usually illustratedat 1:1. unifortham One of the most difficult problems I have wrestled with in the organization of this volume is the order in which the material should be presented and in which the Catalogue should be arranged. The work of John Beazley provides a paradigm for Classical painted pottery, but in many ways his scheme is not satisfactoryfor the pottery under consideration here, most of which is undecorated and of shapes unknown in the Classical repertoire. Scholars of Hellenistic pottery have used various systems,classifyingvesselsby form, function, technique of manufacture, surface treatment, decoration, and quality. The composition of this volume constitutes a defacto classification by quality, since coarser ceramics have been excluded. Within the fine ware, the separation of local and imported products (insofar as possible) has seemed a logical organizing principle; but the ordering of shapes within these categories has been more difficult. The two most reasonable possibilities are to order material either by form or by function. The first solution has been applied very successfullyto Hellenistic pottery by Jean-Paul Morel in his corpus of Italian Campana wares (Ceramique campanienne: Lesformes).This system has the of and convenience. As as a vessel is advantages clarity long sufficiently complete, its form is and it is almost to the writer where a form should be placed or, unambiguous, always apparent to the reader, where it is to be sought in a catalogue. Such a system is thus easy to use and understand. It also illustratesgraphically the formal relationshipsbetween different shapes and is therefore an extremely useful tool for classification. But it obscures other and, to my mind, more important relationships, relationships that have to do with the way the pottery was used within its social context. I have chosen, therefore, to classify vessels in the present volume by function, following the lead of Edwards'study of CorinthianHellenisticpottery. The chief advantageof this arrangement

6

1. INTRODUCTIONAND OVERVIEW

is that the juxtaposition of vessels of disparateform but similar function provides insights into the dynamics of the ceramic assemblagethat other organizationalsystems do not. The objects under consideration in this volume once functioned together as part of a single cultural system, and this presentation comes closer to revealingthat system than any other. Vessels for wine service illustrate the value of this approach. Drinking cups must always have been part of the assemblage. When all drinking cups are studied and presented together, it becomes clear how shape succeeds shape and how the introduction of a new shape affects the longevity or vitality of older shapes (see Graphs 3 and 4 in Appendix I). Similarly, study of all vessels suitable for mixing wine, regardless of details of shape or method of production, reveals that no Athenian vessels suitable to this function can be identified for the latter part of the Hellenistic period (see Graph 5). This, in turn, raises the question of whether there was a change in customs associated with the symposium or whether vessels of other materials were serving this purpose. Arrangementaccording to function also has the advantage of illustrating,at a glance, the relative representationof various functions within the pottery assemblage. In the present case, for instance, the primacy of vessels for wine service is striking,placing new emphasis on this aspect of Hellenistic life. To preserve these relationships,then, I have gone beyond Edwards'model and have grouped together vessels of similar function that were manufacturedby different techniques. Thus, for example, moldmade kraters appear with wheelmade ones since their function was the same. I have also placed painted and unpainted vessels of the same shape together. The system is not without its difficulties,the most intractableof which is the determination of function. While the shape, decoration, or technique of manufactureof a vessel is usuallyapparent, its use may be uncertain. We do not know,for instance, whether the one-handler was a bowl or a drinkingcup or both. There are other difficultiesas well. Vesselsof the same shape but of different sizes may sometimes have been put to differentuses. Forexample, were both the round-mouthjug and the round-mouthjuglet pouring vessels or dipping vessels or both? Sometimes it is possible to determine the function of a shape but not the context in which it performed that function. The thin necks and spreading mouths of a number of small vessels suggest they contained oil, but was that oil plain or perfumed, for eating, for filling lamps, for bathing, for adornment, or for ritual purposes? In such cases I have had to make arbitrarydecisions about the placement of the vessels within the Catalogue. Another principle of the arrangement has been to proceed from the most numerous, and therefore the best known, to the least numerous and less well known. Since drinking cups are the most common vessels, existing at all periods in large numbers,they must form the backbone of the chronology. Their dating is important in discussions of other shapes, and I have therefore placed them first in the Catalogue. It has seemed logical to proceed to the vessels associated most intimately with them: amphoras, pitchers, kraters, and other shapes used for the service of wine. These are followed by vessels for serving food, since they were also used within the context of dining. Vessels whose forms indicate they were used to contain and pour oil follow. Some, like lekythoi, certainlyappearedat table; others,likeunguentariaand plasticaskoi, probablycontained perfumed oil and thus were used for bathing and personal hygiene. Aryballoi, duck askoi, and gutti would have been appropriate in either context. Since there is no reliable criterion for distinguishing between the two uses, all oil vessels have been presented together. Vessels whose morphology indicates that they were used for pouring but whose function is uncertain or does not fit into the above categories follow. These include double cruets (for oil and vinegar?),

THE TYPOLOGY

7

filterjugs (whose purpose is disputed), feeders (sometimes identified as lamp fillers, sometimes as baby feeders), a ring vase (a hapaxof unknown purpose but with a tubularspout), and canteens (presumablyfor water).Coveredtoilet vessels,probablyall used by women forjewelry or cosmetics, come next. Vessels with miscellaneous functions or of unknown shape have been placed together in a catchall category, followed by miniatures, which may have functioned as toys or votives. Finally, vessels that can be identified by form or context as primarily for ritual use have been placed together. The ordering of imported vessels has presented different problems. It seemed useful to arrange objects initially by surface color, a feature that is crucially important for identification but invisible in black-and-whitephotographs. Thus light-groundwares (1500-1572), gray wares (1573-1634), and red wares (1647-1664) have each been grouped together. Smaller groups that could be associated with specific regions, like Gnathia and Campana wares (1635-1645) and the Plakettenvase (1646), were also placed in single categories. But much of this material (1665-1802) is a miscellany that defies strict organization. Although I was sometimes able to suggest a provenience, so tentative are these suggestions that I have hesitated to attempt a geographical organization. Nor did mechanical arrangementby date of context seem meaningful. For this miscellaneous group, I fell back instead on criteria of surface treatment and technique of manufacture. This produced the following groupings:pieces with West Slope decoration (16651693); glazed pieces with no painted decoration (1694-1778); a small group of miscellaneous wheelmade pieces (1779-1784); moldmade vessels (1785-1794); and oddities of Hellenistic date but firmly outside the Hellenistic ceramic tradition (alkaline glaze and faience [17951802]). Within these groups objects have been arranged in the same shape order as that used for Attic pottery. AIMS OF THE STUDY The dominant aims of the present study are twofold:to present a typology of Athenian Hellenistic ceramics as they are known from the Athenian Agora and to provide a more accurate and complete chronology for that material. This is not, of course, the only information that the pottery has to offer, but it is a type of investigation that must be completed before one can advance to other inquiries. Initial steps have also been taken towardsdefining pottery workshops; furtherwork in this area may throwlight on the industrialorganizationof the Hellenistic city. The material can also be mined for information about changes in dining habits and religious customs and about trade and contacts with other parts of the Hellenistic world.12 Further,an overview of proveniences can provide information about the history of the Agora and its surrounding neighborhoods. Thought has been given to all these questions, but they are peripheral to the main task of this volume, which is to classifyand date the material so that it may serve as a dating tool in excavation and provide data to answer questions about life in Hellenistic Athens. THE TYPOLOGY The broad outlines of the typology presented here were determined long before I began work on the volume. A system of classification had already been worked out for the Classical black 12 For a discussion of the ceramic evidence for commerce and overseas contacts, see pp. 221-223.

1. INTRODUCTIONAND OVERVIEW

8

ware and was published in AgoraXII; to avoid confusion it was incumbent upon me to follow that precedent for the Classicalshapes, many of which continued to be manufacturedin the Hellenistic period. Edwards' preliminary work on the pottery also had an important effect on the way in which I studied it. When the collection was moved into the Stoa of Attalos, Hellenistic pottery was stored according to Edwards'classification. Examples of what he regarded as a discrete type or form (which I generally call a "shape")had already been placed together, and the only lists of the material available to me were arranged according to these shapes. For this reason I did not approach the pottery without some preconceived notion of how it should be classified. Access to the material is limited, in the interests of security, and the process of removing items from storage for study is a complicated one; therefore it was practical to examine the pottery case by case, as it had been stored, and hence accordingto Edwards'categories. Thus my own study owes much to his view of the material. Neither Edwards nor I have followed a hard-and-fast set of rules about what constitutes a shape. Generally the definitions have been instinctive and are not based on analysis of the statistics of shared attributes or other "hard"criteria.13 It is arbitrary in many cases whether a "shape"is viewed as a separate shape or as a subtype or variety of another shape. For example, one can divide bowl-kantharoiinto three shapes (Classicalform with plain rim, Classical form with outturned rim, Hellenistic form), or consider them as a single shape that comes in three varieties, or, as I have done, two shapes, the Classical and the Hellenistic, one of which comes in two varieties. As far as I can see, no one scheme is significantlysuperior to the others. Typological terminology has not been applied rigidly. The definitions of such terms as "shape", "form", "type", "class",and "variety"must remain fluid in order to preserve familiar terms that have long been used to refer to differentforms or shapes. Thus a vessel of the Groupof Vatican G 116 representsan individualshape as much as does a pyxis of TypeD or an oinochoe of Shape3. Any attempt to impose uniformityon the terminology would result only in confusion and further proliferation of names. The term "variant",however, has generally been used to refer to individual pots that deviate from the normal configurationof a shape or variety. THE CHRONOLOGY METHODOLOGY Typologies reflect the purposes of their creators,14and the primary purpose here has been the investigation of chronological development. The history of each shape has been described within the text, and the ranges of date within which each example is thought to have been manufacturedare given in the Catalogue. It hardly needs saying that these are both approximate and hypothetical and that new evidence will probably necessitate adjustment. The chronologyis based on archaeologicalcontexts, both the depositsdescribedin the Deposit Summaries (pp. 431-473) and deposits outside the Agora, the chief of which are discussed on pp. 18-36. Many deposits may be given approximatedates on the basis of the coins and stamped amphoras they contain or, more rarely,on historical grounds. Deposits without independently datable material may be dated approximatelyon the basis of comparison of their contents with pottery from dated deposits, and the body of dated contexts thereby increased. 13

For a fascinating discussion of the philosophy and practicalities of archaeological typologies, see Adams and Adams 1991. 14 Adams and Adams 1991, pp. 157-168.

THE CHRONOLOGY

9

Three major questions were asked about each shape: When was it introduced? When did it go out of production? How did it change during the time it was produced? The steps I went through to find the answers to these questions were as follows. All inventoried examples of a single shape were first laid out in order of the dates of the deposits in which they were found. Although this almost certainly was not precisely the same as the order in which the individual antequemfor the introduction of the shape, vessels were manufactured, it did produce a terminus an approximate picture of its development, and sometimes, although this is more difficult to determine, a suggestion of when manufacture ceased. With enough examples, it was possible to spot vessels that were out of place in the sequence and recognize them as later intrusions or earlier survivors in their contexts and to produce an adjusted order of examples that revealed the development of the shape in question. Axiomatic to this procedure, of course, is the principle of shape development. Objects made human by beings are usually not replicated over and over again without change but evolve over time. Archaeologists have found, in fact, that some objects are very resistant to change; among the pottery presented here, the Knidian cups are a good example (see pp. 233-234). Others are so casually manufactured that it would be ludicrous to attempt to date them on the basis of details of shape. But many series do undergo change, and by charting that change and locating individual vessels within the overall pattern of development, one can give them approximate dates. Conclusions about shape development and about the place of any one vessel within a shape series should be based, as much as possible, on comparison of vessels of approximatelythe same size. In some shapes the proportionsare the most sensitivefeaturefor dating, but proportions in contemporaryvessels of widely differentsizes may be different.15It is also importantto restrict comparisonsto objects within the same ceramic tradition;thus the shape of an Attic vessel cannot legitimately be used as the sole criterion for the dating of a Boiotian vessel, although it might serve to reinforce dating won by some other means. Further refinement of a chronological sequence may be realized with the assistance of decoration, which also undergoes evolution. In a few instances it has been possible to identify vessels painted by the same hand, which must be closely contemporary.16 If they are of different shapes, the decoration provides a useful synchronismbetween shapes and an additional check on dating. Stamped decoration is also helpful. Although a stamp could be used over some length of time, vessels impressed with the same stamp should not be many decades apart in date. Very occasionally additional assistance comes from historical events and circumstances. For instance, 333, with its emblem portrait of one of the first two Ptolemies, was very likely produced between ca. 280 and 260 (see p. 117). Once a sequence for all shapes had been developed on the basis of inventoried vessels, the context pottery of the largestdeposits was examined to check the hypotheticalchronology derived from the inventoried material. In severalcases this led to adjustmentin the sequence, particularly to the date at which a shape began to be manufactured. It also led to the addition of one or two shapes, no example of which had been inventoriedpreviously. It will be immediately apparent that not all shapes are equally susceptibleto dating. Drinking cups, which are numerous, frequently broken, and sensitive to fashion, usually changed quickly, and it is fairly easy to trace their development. Dating within a quarter century, or even more 15 G. R. Edwards (Corinth VII, iii, p. 5) makes this point at length. 16 One could not make such a claim for black- or red-figuredpots by one painter,since the careers of such artisans can be followed over decades. ForWest Slope, however,the only vessels for which single authorshipcan reasonablybe claimed (e.g. 75-77, 85) are so similar as to suggest very close contemporaneity.

ANDOVERVIEW 1. INTRODUCTION

10

closely,is frequentlypossible. Bowls, on the other hand, are conservativein shape and providefew clues to close dating. Because of these differences,differentkinds of dates have been used in the Catalogue. An estimate of the span of time during which a vessel was made is given whenever possible. But sometimes the best that can be done is to present examples of the variations that occur within deposits of a certain date (see, for example, 738-773, saucer with projectingrim). The archaeological record is more helpful in some periods than in others. Olynthos provides a good benchmark at the middle of the 4th century, but the scarcity of closely dated deposits of the second half of the century makes it difficult to place objects accurately within that span. The first half of the 3rd century is well documented by a series of Agora deposits, as well as the Koroni material, but few contexts can be placed with assurancein the third quarterof the century. A remarkablylarge number of deposits were laid down in the course of the first quarter of the 2nd century,presenting a very rich picture of the ceramics of the late 3rd and early 2nd century; the large building fills of the Stoa ofAttalos and South Stoa II provide the evidence for continuing the series down to the middle of the 2nd century. Fine placement of either individual shapes or deposits within the second half of the century, however, is difficult, and there do not seem to be many contexts with a cutoff date in its third quarter. From about 125 down to the early 1st century,however,we are very well informed by Thompson's Group E and deposits of debris from the Roman general Sulla'sdestructionof the city in 86 B.C.The ceramic picture for the rest of the Ist century is still extremely difficult to draw. Sulla's attack must have been disastrous for the pottery industry. Deposits discarded in the decades after 86 contain pottery identical to that in what appear to be pure Sullan debris, apparentlybecause they consist mostly of material broken in the sack. GENERAL REMARKS ABOUT ATTIC HETLLENISTICPOTTERY FABRIC AND GLAZE

The normal fabric of the wheelmade pottery is not visibly different from that of moldmade bowls, and there is no need to repeat the descriptionin AgoraXXII.17 There is, however,a second, paler fabric, which is found occasionally on pieces dating in the late 3rd and early 2nd century. It is tan or light brown (7.5YR 7/4, 8/6; 10YR 7/4), lacking the orange or buff cast of normal Attic, and is slightly micaceous but without other visible inclusions. The glaze is usually a good black but has adhered poorly. One of these vessels is a moldmade bowl that can be identified as Athenian on the basis of stamped motifs and of the scraped groove below the rim, an earmark of Attic bowls; it probably comes from WorkshopA.18 Two more examples, baggy kantharoi (263, 264), are also likely to be Attic; they are nearly identical in shape, and 264 is decorated with the incised wave pattern characteristicof the Incised Wave Group (cf. 265, 267-270), of which it is probably an early member. The fabric is found also in a rolled-rimplate (667), and two lug-handled kraters(592, 593). I have also noted it repeatedly among the context pottery, most commonly in late-3rd- and early-2nd-centurydeposits. I suspect that it representsan experiment with a new clay bed, or with imported clay, which was abandoned because of the problems with the glaze. The large number of pieces in this study and the wide range of their date now allow a more complete study of chronological variationsin glaze. Its quality deterioratesthroughout the 17

AgoraXXII, p. 14.

18 P 6764

(AgoraXXII, no. 223, pp. 71-72,pl. 44).

GENERALREMARKSABOUTATTICHETLLETNISTIC POTTERY

11

Hellenistic period, but not in such a predictable way as to be useful for dating. Several of the vessels from Thompson's Group D, for example, are surprisinglywell glazed for the period; and well-made pots, such as moldmade bowls, are often better glazed than more ordinary ones. Although black was generally the desired color, Attic glaze could fire a wide variety of colors: red, gray, brown, tan, purple, and even green, with several shades often occurring on a single pot. About 60 percent of the early Hellenistic pots have been successfullyfired an even black. On pots made after about 150, however, this figure drops below 50 percent, and more vessels are glazed red and brown. Two-tone vessels of black and red were particularlycommon in the late 4th and early 3rd century; these have fired different colors above and below a stacking line on the exterior (e.g. 1018) and often have a stacking circle on the floor. This may have been accidental, but the effect is attractiveand was perhaps desired. There are also strikingchanges in the surface of the glaze. A large proportion of 4th-century vesselsbear a shiny or lustrousglaze, but this becomes increasinglyrarein the succeeding centuries. After about 250 shiny glaze is rare, occurringon only about 15 percent of the vessels. The surface on the rest is either metallic or, less frequently,dull. Metallic glaze, achieved by using a higher firing temperature, is very rare before the end of the 4th century but after 250 appears on close to half the pottery. Probably it was inspired by metalware, and it is particularly effective on vessels, like moldmade bowls, that imitate metal shapes. A dull surface,probably never a desired effect, occurs on about a third of the pots made in the 3rd and 2nd centuries and becomes much commoner in the 1st century. CHRONOLOGICAL TRENDS

Clues to the dating of individual shapes and systems of decoration are discussed elsewhere, but a few comments may be made here about general changes and technical details that apply to the assemblage as a whole. Grooved resting surfacesare rare after the early 3rd century. On early Hellenistic vessels the underside is often concave with a central nipple and runs in a continuous curve into the inner face of the foot (e.g. 632, 870). After the early 3rd century both of these features disappeared. Instead the underside is convex, pointed, or conical, and the transition to the inner face of the foot is abrupt (e.g. 658, 880). The first quarterof the 3rd century emerges as a transitionalperiod, as Classical shapes enter the last phase of their development. Pottery of the second quarter of the century shows real change, with the introduction of several new shapes, the development of true West Slope decoration, and changes in the quality of the glaze and details of treatment discussed above. The real beginning of the Hellenistic phase of Attic ceramics, then, should be placed around 275, and it is then, too, that most of the major motifs used in West Slope decoration were introduced (see Graph 2). By 250 most of the old Classical shapes had gone out of production and the assemblage had achieved a fully Hellenistic character. The introduction of moldmade bowls some twenty-fiveyears later ushered in another phase. The attention of the best potters seems to have been diverted to that shape and away from the old wheelmade shapes, many of which declined in quality and went out of production. Plates and bowls became simpler and soon lost their stamped decoration. Pottery of the second half of the 2nd century responded to outside inspiration, probably from Italy, by the adoption of several new shapes (see pp. 13-14 below); these are mostly of better quality,in glaze and details of shape, than the general run of 2nd-century pottery. Semiglazing (the application of glaze, by dipping, only to the interior and upper exterior of the pot) was common in other traditions but rare in Athens through much of the Hellenistic period. It was adopted for plates and bowls towards the end of the 2nd century, however, and seems to indicate a decline in the potter's

12

1. INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW

art even before the arrival of Sulla's forces. Very few shapes continued to be produced in the years after the sack: the biconical jug, the round-mouthjuglet, the side-pouring lekythos, and the reversiblelid and handleless lekanis are among the few that may be identified. Presumably Ist-century Athenians had to depend increasingly on imported pottery. ESA plates, which first reached Athens in the later 2nd century, are common in Ist-century deposits. Table services would have been augmented with white-ground lagynoi and Knidian cups, as well as a variety of gray-ware shapes. EXTERNALINFLUENCE

Metalwork exerted a strong influence on the shapes and decoration of Athenian pottery of earlier eras, and this phenomenon continued in the Hellenistic period. Drinking sets or services in particular imitated vessels in precious metals. The high-swung handles of the cup-kantharos and the bowl-kantharos(52-85, 127-140) are more appropriate to metal, and the shapes are known in silver.19 The calyx-cup (118-126) was clearly inspired by the deep Achaemenid cup that enjoyed great popularity in Macedonia in the second half of the 4th century.20 The same influence can be seen in newly created Hellenistic shapes. The lug handles of the bolster-cupand bolster-krater(164-167, 581-589) recall metalware,21and the hemispherical moldmade bowl originated in imitation of silver prototypes.22 Plastic additions for feet (e.g. 311, 313, 316), as embellishment at the bases or tops of handles on jugs and amphoras (e.g. 420, 445, 446, 501, 1349) or as emblems on the floor of drinkingcups (332, 333, 376-390, 1391), also derive from metalware.23 The parabolic cup (328-330) is paralleled in both metal and glass24and may be a reflection of vessels made in either of media. The animal-head and animal-protomerhyta erthose which have served both convivial and ritual purposes, clearly imitate rhyta (1384-1390), may made of precious metals.25 The rare biconical jug (511-514) is an adaptation of a shape more suitable in metal and known in several bronze examples.26 Gilded designs on silver vessels27 probably also stimulatedthe development of gold-decoratedpottery. Metalworkseems also to have played a role in the development of shapes that probablyhad a purely ceramic origin. West Slope amphoras developed a more angular, "metallic" profile in the course of time and acquired clay rivets and plastic handle attachments in imitation of metal vessels. It is remarkablethat this shape, clearly central to the ceramic drinking assemblage, is not representedin metal at all, although the closely related West Slope oinochoe is.28 19 Wuilleumier 1930, pp. 41-47, pls. V-VI; Vickers, Impey,and Allan 1986, pl. 18. 20 See Pfrommer 1987, pls. 43-46. 21 Mitsopoulou-Leon 1977; cf. Andronicos 1984, p. 149, fig. 111 and Oliver 1977, no. 33, p. 66. 22 AgoraXXII, pp. 6-13. 23 Cf. Bothmer 1984, nos. 105, 106, pp. 59-60 (maskfeet); no. 95, p. 55 (medallion);Wuilleumier 1930, pp. 3440, pls. III, IV (medallions); Oliver 1977, nos. 36-39, pp. 72-74 (medallions); Andronicos 1984, pp. 152-155, figs. 115-120 (attachmentsat base of handles). 24 For metal see Richter 1956, no. 29, p. 46, pl. XIX:C; Maximova 1979, no. 5, pp. 80-81, fig. 26. For glass see G. D. Weinberg 1961, no. 12, p. 392, fig. 3, pl. 95; Oliver 1968, A.1-5, p. 49, figs. 1-3; G. D. Weinberg 1970, pp. 20-21, profiles 1-11, 28. 25 E.g. the griffin rhyton from Toukh el-Garmous (Adriani 1939, pp. 350-353, pls. VI, VII) and a goat-protome rhyton from Panagyurishte(Svoboda and Concev 1956, part II, pp. 135-138, pl. VII). 26 E.g. Arvanitopoulos 1912, pp. 107-108, fig. 10; Richter 1915, no. 512, pp. 194-195; Hayes 1984b, no. 118,

pp. 74-75.

27 E.g. Oliver 1977, no. 23, p. 56. 28 For a silver oinochoe see Reinach

1892, p. 90, pl. XXXVIII:3.

GENERALREMARKSABOUTATTICHELLENISTICPOTTERY

13

Vessels made of other materialsalso inspiredimitation. The little Type D pyxis (1247-1252) appears to imitate wooden or ivory containers,29 and the rectangular version of the canteen (1198-1201) must be based on a leather prototype. One should not, however, underestimate the role of the potter in the creation of new shapes. Hellenistic kantharoi (170-310) appear to be a completely ceramic invention, as are most of the plates and bowls. Innovative shapes like the double cruet (1173-1182) and the filter jug (1183-1193) know no parallels in other materials and were presumably the invention of potters as well, although the moldmade filter jugs (1191-1193) clearly owe something to metalware. A rich source of inspiration was provided by the products of other potters, and several of the most successful Attic shapes began life as imitations of ceramic imports. The earliest Hellenistic kantharoi closely resemble the series of skyphoi from the Kabirion of Thebes.30 The earliest example at the Agora (170) dates within the 4th century, and it is conceivable that Boiotian potters fleeing Thebes in 335 brought the shape with them to Athens. Another, possibly contemporary, instance of Boiotian influence is offered by the kantharos with turned foot and strap handles (102-112), the foot of which resembles that of the Boiotian kantharosof Form 6.31 Two possible Boiotian imports (1667, 1668) attest to the presence of Theban models in Athens. The development of true West Slope ware in the course of the firstquarter of the 3rd century may owe something to foreign models. The Gnathia ware of South Italy had long used overpainting to produce colorful designs on a black ground. The only two instances of this ware found at the Agora (1635, 1636) date in the first quarter of the 3rd century, and imported pieces may have contributed to the creation of Attic West Slope pottery. Two cups (116, 117) of precisely this date appear to imitate an Etruscanshape, strengtheningthe argument for Italian influence. Italian influence recurslater,around 150, with a series of exceptionally well-potted and glazed plates and bowls:plate with offsetrim (838-846), bowl with vertical upper wall (960-964), and perhaps footed hemisphericalbowl (1039-1044). These shapes were manufacturedin ESA but not early enough to have influenced Athenian pottery in the mid-2nd century. The likeliest source of influence, then, is Italy. Both the plate with offset rim and the bowl with vertical upper wall appear in the repertoire of the Campana wares of Italy;32 the hemispherical bowl does as well, although it is less common (and the case for Italian inspiration is less compelling here).33 It seems probable that the new shapes were inspired by Italian imports, which perhaps reached Athens in greater numbers after she gained control of Delos. Introduced later (ca. 110), but possibly also of Italian derivation, is the plate with upturned rim (847-853). The shape is known in ESA, but the closest parallels are in Italian wares.34 Italian prototypes may also have had an influence on a series of small, well-glazed jugs with double handles that appear around the middle of the century or slightly later (511-514, 520, 521, 552-554). There are no precise parallels among Campana wares, but several small Italian jugs have double handles 29 E.g.Rieth1955,cols.12-17,21-22,figs.5, 6, 14,15;AA[JdI55], 1940,cols.620-623,fig.6. 30 Cf.Kabirion I, pp.95-128,pls.17-19,26,44-59;Kabirion IV,pp. 1-74,pls.1-18,20-24. 31 Kabirion III,nos.75-86,pp. 13-14,17-18,129,pls.6, 46:41-53. 32 Bowlwithvertical upperwall:Morel1981,Series1222-1226,pp.93-94, pl. 7. Platewithoffsetrim:Morel 1986,nos. 11-13,p. 464,fig.2 (Campana A),nos.68-74,p. 472,fig.13 (Campana B);Morel1981,no. 1442b1, nos.1443h1, 1445a1,pls.18, 19,pp. 114-115(Campana p. 114,pl. 17(Campana C), B). 33 Morel1981, 2985a,p. 245,pl. 85. Type 34 Cf.Morel1981,Series2234, 150-151, 37;Bats1988,nos. pp. 384-419,pp. 111-112,pl. 13;nos.756-767, pl. 24. 137-138, pp. pl.

14

1. INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW

and are similar to the Attic jugs in some details.35 Relatively little Campana pottery has been found at the Agora: two plates with offset rims and two with upturned rims (1638, 1639, 1641, 1642), as well as a few fragmentsand vessels of other shapes (1640, 1643-1645). Nonetheless, as the imitations discussed above attest, Italian ceramics played a significant role in Attic ceramic innovations of the mid-2nd century. ANDSOCIALCHANGE POTTERY

The forms of the pottery and the presence or absence of shapes for various functions provide hints of changes in Athenian diet and eating customs. The absence of any fine ceramic shap after about 175 that could serve as a kraterhas already been mentioned. Even before that time kraterswere remarkablyrare, especially in comparison with the Classical period, when figured mixing bowls were an important part of the drinking assemblage. The same has been noted by Roger Edwardsat Corinth, who pointed to household- and cooking-warekratersthere that could partially fill the gap.36 Fragments of over thirty small, plain-ware column-kraterswith simple glaze decoration, possibly imported, have been found at the Agora;37they seem to span the entire Hellenistic period, but only a third come from deposits laid down after 175. A handful of more elegant imported kratershave also been identified, some dating in the late Hellenistic period.38 Nonetheless, it is puzzling that it was apparently impossible to buy a locally made terracotta krater in Athens after about 175 (see Graph 5). Another contrast with the Classical krater is size. Few complete vessels are preserved,but what remains suggeststhat Hellenistic mixing bowls were smaller than Classical ones. The only truly large examples are the lug-handled kraters, which may not have served as mixing bowls at all (e.g. 593-595; see p. 138). Taken together, this information suggests some change in the symposium, one of the most important elements in Classical Greek culture. Either the custom itself became less common or the procedure for mixing wine changed. Certainly the large kraterfeatured prominently as the center and symbol of the feast, as pictured by FrancoisLissarrague,39was a thing of the past. It is possible, of course, that Athenians were simply using kratersmade of other materials, most likely metal. But other parts of the drinking assemblage also suggest change. There is a dearth of large pouring vessels but a plethora of small ones. By the second quarter of the 3rd century, the chous, the most common of the pitchers, existed only in a small size. The West Slope oinochoe, a fairly rare shape, was also often small. Much more numerous were the olpai and a variety of very small but elegant jugs, adequate for a quarter liter of liquid or less. Cups, however,continued to be very abundant, attestingthat the drinkingof wine was still an important feature of Greek life. Unlike the kratersand pitchers, they did not shrink in size, which surely must indicate, as written sources also suggest, that wine continued to be thinned with water as it always had been in the past. The amphora remained an important shape, with a well-made and decorated series that continued to the end of the period; but its relationshipto the sympotic assemblage is not as intimate as that of cup, krater,andjug, at least if Classicalpainted images are 35 For double handles see Morel 1981, Series 5216, 5217, 5226, 5231, 5235, 5261, pls. 156-161, pp. 340-347.

The rim on Series 5216 and 5217 and the shape of Type 5241b recall that of biconical jugs (511-514). 36 Corinth VII, iii, p. 45; nos. 613-616, pp. 107-108, pls. 21, 59. 37 Similar to Braun 1970, nos. 208, 209, p. 161, pl. 76 from the Dipylon Well in the Kerameikos. 38 1679, 1680, 1710, and, not certainly kraters, 1681, 1708, and 1709; probably from the late Hellenistic are 1707 and the gray-ware vessels 1597, 1598, 1624-1626, 1631, and, not certainly kraters, 1599, 1600, 1627, and 1628. 39 Lissarrague 1990, pp. 19-46.

GENERALREMARKSABOUTATTICHELLENISTICPOTTERY

15

any indication.40 What appears to have been abandoned is the custom of mixing large amounts of wine and water in the krater. Possibly smaller drinking parties were now the fashion. Or, perhaps more likely, it became the custom for each diner to mix his own beverage, adjusting the mixture of wine and water to his own tastes and desires. He might have been served with small pitchers of wine and water, which he could pour directly into his cup or mix in a small, personal krater. It may be going too far to connect this with the growing sense of individuality that Pollitt presents as fundamental to the Hellenistic temperament,41but changes in such an important feature of Greek life may signal other developmentsin Athenian attitudes and culture. Other changes are indicated by bowls and plates (see Graph 6). Small bowls, probablyfor salt and other seasonings,were a prominentfeatureof the Classicalceramic assemblage,as a glance at AgoraXII, plates 33 and 34 illustrates.They disappearedgraduallyin the early Hellenistic period, and all forms had gone out of production by 250. Either their function was taken over by a vessel so different in form that it has not been recognized, or Athenian hosts ceased to provide their guests with individual servings of these commodities. Brian Sparkesand Lucy Talcott suggested that cooks were now preparing spicier dishes that did not require additional seasoning at the table.42 The disappearance of the small bowl may also, however, relate to changes in sympotic customs. Small bowls seem often to have provided the target in the game of kottabos; either some other target was now used or the game fell out of fashion.43 Both the rolled-rimplate and the fish-plateare important featuresof the 4th-century assemblage that continued to be popular in later times. At the beginning of the Hellenistic period, rolled-rim plates were most commonly small (Diam. 12-15 cm.) and low, with a very flat floor (e.g. 635, 636). In the 3rd century a largersize was preferred(16-26 cm.; e.g. 652, 655, 657), but the proportions remained about the same. In the second half of the 2nd century, however, the plates became much deeper. They fall into two size groups: a smaller size measuring between 23 and 27 cm. in diameter (e.g. 685, 687), and a group of enormous serving dishes 34 to 41 cm. in diameter (e.g. 692). They also became much more common than they were in earlier deposits.44 This suggests the increased consumption of dishes for which they would be suitable, runny stews served, perhaps, in the large plattersfrom which individualsladled their portions onto the smaller plates. At the same time the fish-plate,which had been popular in the 3rd century,became very rare in Athens, although it continued to be popular elsewhere. The function of the depression in the fish-plate was probably to collect sauce. But juicy meals could now be eaten from the deeper rolled-rimplate or from the saucer with projecting rim, and the need for the complicated fish-platewas eliminated. The pottery also offers evidence for changes in ritual activity (see Graph 9). The custom of burying deposits of small vessels ("pyres")gradually fell into disuse after the middle of the 3rd century. Miniature votives, which were very common from the mid-4th to the first quarter of the 3rd century,became uncommon thereafter,disappearingaround the end of the 3rd century, 40 On Classical pottery,kraters,jugs, and a variety of drinkingcups are frequentlypictured together in the context of the symposium; the table amphora, however, is absent from these representations, suggesting that it was not so integral to the drinking assemblage as the others. For a convenient collection of red- and black-figuredimages relevant to this matter, see Lissarrague 1990. 41 Pollitt 1986, pp. 7-10. 42

AgoraXII, p. 132.

43 For the

game see Lissarrague 1990, pp. 80-86. Kunisch (1989, pp. 51-62) suggests the fish-plate may have served as a target. 44 See also Bats 1988, p. 59.

1. INTRODUCTIONAND OVERVIEW

16

a phenomenon that has been noted in ceramic assemblages elsewhere in Greece and southern Italy.45These changes, too, may reflectchanges in religiouspractice or attitudes towardsthe gods and religious institutions.

DESCRIPTIVE TERMINOLOGY (see Figs. 1-3) "Foot"is preferred, but "base"is used occasionally. Ring foot: a simple ring (see Figs. 46-64). It could be made separately but was probably most often made by trimmingthe leather-hardpot when reversedon the wheel. It may be flaring, vertical, convex or concave to outside, angular,molded (i.e., with more complex profile produced by grooving the outer face of the foot), or a combination of these. Raised base or disk base: a disk, flat or slightlyconcave underneath (e.g. 533, 1144-1150). False ring foot: a raised base that is more deeply concave underneath than usual (e.g. 939,

952). Projecting foot: foot projecting nearly horizontally (e.g. 1067-1073). Broad base: ring foot with broad resting surface (e.g. 1050-1063, 1095-1103). Molded foot: foot with complex profile. More elaborate feet of this type were made separately and added to the pot (see examples on Figs. 4-11, 42). Turned foot: foot with concave lower element ending in sharp angle at top, below stem

(e.g.102-105, 144, 230). Resting surface: the lower surface of the foot, on which the pot rests. If the resting surface is beveled to interior it is obvious that the pot actually restsonly on the outer edge of this surface. The term is retained, nonetheless, for convenience. The following types of resting surface occur: Flat: flat and horizontal (e.g. 881, 886). Beveled: beveled to interior (e.g. 870, 878). Beveled to exterior (e.g. 780). Curved or rounded (e.g. 872, 940). Grooved (e.g. 868): the groove may be either scraped or glazed. Underside: the part of the pot within the ring of the foot. It may be treated in the following ways: Convex: continuously convex (e.g. 986, 1011). Pointed: rising to a point at center (e.g. 187, 858, 869). Even if the point is very slight, this term is still used instead of convex. Concave: continuously concave (e.g. 1, 94). Nippled or concave with nipple: concave, with nipple at center (e.g. 2, 96, 866). Conical: sides sloping upward;the "cone" is the area under the foot (e.g. 12, 28, 104). Body, shoulder, and neck. Groove: glazed, wheel-run groove (e.g. 199, 224). Scraped groove: wheel-run groove from which the glaze has been scraped away (e.g. 201,

219). Facetedor pared:horizontalfacets, usuallyon the lower body, formedwhen the leather-hard vessel was trimmed on the wheel (e.g. 235, 1476). 45

Hayes 1991, p. 196.

DESCRIPTIVETERMINOLOGY

17

Rippling: a rippled pattern occasionally encountered on the wall, usually the upper body, formed by dragging something (the hand, a cloth or piece of leather, or a tool) along the wall while the wheel turned (e.g. 743, 1098). Rim: the uppermost area of the pot; the edge of the rim is designated as the lip. Projecting:horizontally projecting (e.g. 1045-1049, 1090-1094). Downturned: projecting and sloping or curving down to outside (e.g. 425, 1097). Rolled: thickened by rolling clay inwards (e.g. on plates on Figs. 46-49). Thickened: thickened to outside (e.g. 571, 1739). Beveled: thickened and beveled to outside (e.g. 1037, 1038). Flaring or outturned: flaring to outside (e.g. 414, bowls on Figs. 59-61). Inturned, incurved:curving to inside (e.g. bowls on Figs. 62, 63). Upturned: turned up and approximatelyvertical (e.g. 847-853). Offset: set off from floor or wall (e.g. 838-846). Rilled: with wheel-run grooves (e.g. 776-815, 823-825). Molded: with complex profile (e.g. 36, 85, 278, 438). Handles Handle forms Strap handle: simple strap (e.g. 103, 481-483). Double-grooved handle: with two grooves, making the handle tripartite(e.g. 494, 1503). Handle round in section: handle made from coil of clay with approximatelyround section (e.g. 451, 452). Double handle: constructed of two coils of clay, round in section (e.g. 94, 511, 570). Rope handle: twisted from two or more strands(e.g. 412, 460). High-swung handle: long, horizontal handle, round in section, that rises to the level of the rim or above (e.g. examples on Figs. 7, 8). Spur handle: moldmade, vertical handle with projecting horizontal spur at top (e.g. on kantharoi on Figs. 4-6). Recurved handle: horizontal handle that curves back in towards the pot at its center (e.g. 391). Lug handle: solid handle (e.g. 590-594). Bolster handle: solid handle with relief detail (e.g. 165, 583, 585, 588). Loop handle: strap with the two ends touching at the point where they join the pot (e.g. 557, 569). Ring handle: circularhandle attached at one point to body of pot (e.g. 1140, 1153). Basket handle: vertical handle spanning pot, as in a basket (e.g. 570-578). Attachments to handles Thumb rest: moldmade applique at arch of strap handle (e.g. 141, 144, and kantharoion Pls. 18-25). Handle spur: a projecting part of a handle. Either the spur at the top of a spur handle (e.g. 7, 17) or the triangular tab placed low down on a strap handle to aid in gripping the vessel (e.g. 106, 305, 306). Rotelle: cylindrical element placed at the handle arch (e.g. 101, 256, 421). Handle plate: a rectangularplate at the arch of the handle (e.g. 252-254).

2 FIXED POINTS AND OTHER IMPORTANTCONTEXTS ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXT is the single most important factor in the construction of the chronology of Attic Hellenistic pottery presented here. In a few rare cases, contexts can be associated with dated historical events and thus provide absolute terminifor the material within them. In Attica itself these instances are rare: the fortress at Koroni, where the end of antequemin the late 260's, and the various deposits the Chremonidean War provides a terminus in the Agora and elsewhere that can be associated with Sulla's sack of the city in 86. Another useful point about halfwaybetween them is providedby the constructionfill of the Stoa of Attalos (p. 468, under P-R 6-12), built during the reign of Attalos II of Pergamon (159-138). A number of other Attic deposits, in the Agora and elsewhere, are also important because, although they cannot be firmly linked to dated events, they can be dated with some precision on other grounds. Chief among these are Menon's Cistern and the Tholos debris in the Agora, and the debris from Building Z and Dipylon Well B1 in the Kerameikos. Significantsites outside the immediate area of Attica are Olynthos in the Chalkidikeand the Chatby cemetery in Alexandria,which have long been used as fixed points for early Hellenistic chronology. In no case is the interpretationof these deposits without difficulties. Since that interpretation is crucial to the chronological sequence presented here, I have laid out my understandingof these deposits in the following pages. OLYNTHOS The earliest important landmarkin the chronology of early Hellenistic ceramics is the site in the north of Greece that has been identified as Olynthos. A large part of the residentialsection of the city was excavated by David M. Robinson in the 1920's and 1930's. The usefulness of the site as a dating point rests on the answersto two interlockingquestions: Is it really the ancient Olynthos? And when was it abandoned? The identity of the site, while not totally beyond question, seems to rest on fairlyfirm grounds and has been accepted by most scholars.1 According to various ancient sources,2Olynthos and many other cities in the area were thoroughlydestroyedand plunderedby Philip II in 348 and the inhabitants sold as slaves. Robinson's site flourished through part of the 4th century,then was suddenly abandoned and fell into ruin. Although no layer of burning of the type commonly associated with destruction by war was found,3 the situation fits the known antequemof 348 for the history of Olynthos well, and most researchershave accepted a terminus material found there.4 In recent years, however,renewed attention has been given to the objections raised, primarily W. by S. Ferguson,to the claim that Olynthos was abandoned in 348.5 Fergusonpointed out that a I See Olynthus VIII, pp. 1-2. 2 Demosthenes 9.26; Diodorus Siculus 16.53; Strabo 10.1.8. 3 VIII, p. 11. Olynthus 4 XI, p. 8; Kopcke 1964, p. 65; Corbett 1951, pp. 61-64. For E.g. AgoraIV,passim;AgoraXII, passim;Kerameikos Robinson's defense of the date see Olynthus XIV, pp. 2-17. 5 Ferguson 1935, pp. 154-155. For recent discussionssee Coulson 1987, pp. 234-236; Rotroff 1990a, pp. 174177; Rose 1984, p. 258; and abstracts of contributions to a panel of the Archaeological Institute of America on Olynthus (AJA94, 1990, pp. 314-316). See also Bellinger 1953, pp. 184-185.

OLYNTHOS

19

significantnumber of the individualsknown in the epigraphicalsourceswith the ethnic Olynthios lived after 348; and that Cassanderpeopled his new city,Kassandreia,founded in 316, with "not a few" (o6x 6Xiyou;) Olynthians (Diodorus Siculus 19.52.2). Both these facts suggest that there was at least some continued habitation at the site, and the excavations have in fact produced a small collection of coins definitely dating after 348.6 The largest concentration of these was in the northwestern corner of the North Hill district, in houses A'7-A' 11 and blocks A XI and A XII. Robinson and his collaboratorssuggestedthat houses in this area had been reinhabitedby surviving Olynthians until the foundation of Kassandreia in 316.7 The numismatic evidence also suggested to them that the port of Mekyberna, in which a few trial trenches were dug, was inhabited down to 316, then deserted as its inhabitantsmigrated to Kassandreia.8 Robinson's master concordance reveals that very little pottery from the areas with concentrationsof later coins was published:from the northwestsection of the North Hill only eleven pots (three without illustration)9and from other areas with later coins only twenty-six more. As far as one can tell from the publications, these pieces do not differ significantly from the pottery found elsewhere on the site. Very little material from Mekybernawas published, but two skyphos bases seem to be more developed than those from Olynthos itself,l0 and the only lamp with a lug was found at Mekyberna.ll In addition to the coins that definitely postdate 348, there is a somewhat larger collection of issues that began to be struckbefore 348 but may have continued later, and of coins of doubtful date.12 The possibility remains that the restudy of these would produce evidence for a more intensive occupation of the site down to 316; so, at least, both James Dengate and Mark Rose have suggested,13 and until such a reassessmenthas been undertaken, the validity of Olynthos as a firm dating point must remain in some doubt. Therse is much to be argued, however, in defense of Robinson's conclusions. The published material from Olynthos fits the old scenario of limited rehabitation fairly well. In such a case we would expect a great bulk of more or less contemporarypottery and a sprinklingof later pieces. Such later pottery does indeed exist. Sparkesrecognized three pieces, a plain-rimmed kantharos and two one-handled kantharoi,14and a few others may be suggested more tentatively.15More may exist among unpublished, unillustrated,or poorly illustratedpieces, or among shapes and waresthat cannot be dated easily. The squatterswho returnedto live on the site had lost everything 6 IX, pp. 363-372. See also OynthusIII, pp. 4-5; Olynthus Olynthus VI, p. 1; OynthusXIV, pp. 403, 409. 7 Olynthus VIII, pp. 9-13; Olynthus IX, p. 370. 8 Olynthus XI, pp. 373-374; Olynthus XIV, p. 403. 9 Olynthus XIII, nos. 88, 136, 151, 180, 293, 307, 381, 453, 472, 473, 963. Trench plans show that, while the walls of houses A'7-A'11 were cleared, the floors were not excavated (Olynthus VIII, pl. 108). For the concordance see Olynthus XIV, pp. 468-509. 10 Olynthus XIII, nos. 558 A:3, 4, pp. 301-302, pl. 194 A; cf. Olynthus XIII, nos. 570, 571, pp. 306-307, pl. 198 from Olynthos. 1 XIV, M 19, pp. 397-398, 402. Olynthus 12 Listed in Columns II and IV, respectively,in OlnthusIX, pp. 364-367 and Olynthus XIV, pp. 411-412. 13 Dengate 1990, p. 315; Rose 1984, p. 258. For Kroll's comments see AgoraXXVI, p. 297. 14 Olynthus XIII, no. 513 A, pp. 397-398, pl. 185 = no. 510 A, pl. 82; Olynthus V, no. 728, p. 212, pl. 166 (apparently the same as Olynthus no. and no. XIII, 510, p. 288, pl. 185); V, 508, p. 185, pl. 148. For Sparkes'scomments Olynthus see AgoraXII, p. 122, note 65 and p. 123, note 68. 15 See Rotroff 1990a, p. 176. Possibilitiesinclude the latest lamps (Type 25 A' [Olynthus XIV, pp. 391-394, pls. 164, a slender Attic 165]), skyphos (OlynthusXIII, no. 583, p. 310, pl. 202), and a cup-kantharoswith a high molded rim (ibid.,no. 501, p. 285, pls. 186-188).

20

2. FIXEDPOINTSAND OTHERIMPORTANTCONTEXTS

in the destruction of the city and presumablyhad little means with which to furnish their rebuilt houses. They would have reused whatever they could, including pottery, and whatever new purchases they made are likely to have been of the humblest sort: not red-figuredvases that we can date narrowlybut cooking pots and local plain and black pottery. Comparison of the Olynthos material with a more recently excavated body of pottery, the debris from the third phase of Building Z in the Kerameikos(see p. 23 below), also argues for the acceptance of the received chronology for the site. If Olynthos was abandoned in 348, the bulk of the kantharoi from the site should date in the second quarter of the 4th century, and the later, XIII, no. 513 A), in the years between 348 plain-rimmedkantharosidentifiedby Sparkes(Olynthus and 316. This vessel is, in fact, closely similar to some of the earlier examples in the Building Z debris, whose date of deposit, on numismatic grounds, falls between 320/317 and 307. But if a fairly intensive habitation of Olynthos down to 316 is posited, the bulk of the kantharoithere must be dated in the third and early fourth quartersof the century. Olynthus XIII, no. 513 A, then, would have to date some years after 316, which makes its similarityto the Building Z kantharoi problematical. Only wholesale downdating of the Kerameikosdeposit, and along with it several issues of Athenian bronze coinage, would resolve this discrepancy.For the purposes of this study, then, it is accepted that Olynthos was largely abandoned after Philip's attack of 348, and that the bulk of the pottery found there does, in fact, date before that time (although further research on the excavated materials, or renewed excavation, could, of course, undermine that date). It should also be remembered that it has never been clear how much of the black glaze V and XIII is Attic and how much is local; one cannot distinguishbetween published in Olynthus the two from the photographs.'6 Comparisons with non-Attic material, while useful, at least in the early Hellenistic period, carry a differentweight than comparisonswith Attic material.

THE PNYX: THE FILL OF THE THIRD PHASE OF THE ASSEMBLY PLACE The construction of the third phase of the Assembly Place on the Pnyx Hill in Athens required a vast amount of fill, which was retainedby the unique and gargantuanwall that today remains one of the most strikingfeatures of the monument. Excavationof the Assembly Place was supervised by Homer Thompson in late 1930 and early 1931, and initial conclusions about the monument and its dating were published in the first number of Hesperia.7 Many of the objects found in these and subsequent excavations in the area have been published, and the fill of Pnyx III has sometimes been used as a dating point (for instance, in Richard Howland's study of lamps from the Agora [AgoraIV]). A reconsiderationof its date and nature therefore seems called for here. The excavatorsreported in 1932 that, while the majorityof the objects recoveredfrom the fill dated in the 4th century,a significantamount of the materialwas later. Twelve of the 150 baskets excavatedwere Hellenistic and Roman, going down as late, they estimated, as the early part of the 16 Robinson identifiesmost plain and blackwares as local (Olynthus V, p. x). Among the lamps (Olynthus XIV, p. 335)

Athenian imports are represented as a substantial minority, seemingly something less than a quarter of the total. But Corbett maintains that most of the pottery from the cemeteries is Attic (Corbett 1951, p. 61), and Talcott refersto the "excellent series of Attic black-glazedkantharoi"(Talcott 1951, pp. 430-431). 17 Kourouniotes and Thompson 1932. Konstantinos Kourouniotes, as Director of the Greek Archaeological Service, sponsored the excavation and visited the site frequently;day-to-day supervision and record keeping were in the hands of Thompson.

THE PNYX: THE FILL OF THE THIRD PHASE OF THE ASSEMBLY PLACE

21

2nd century after Christ.18 Almost all the Roman material came from the northern ends of the trenches, behind or above the retaining wall. Although it was localized, the excavators initially dismissed the possibility of intrusion on the grounds that some of it was found as far as three meters below the surface, on bedrock and under and among the huge blocks that formed part of the filljust behind the retainingwall. They thereforeconcluded that the third phase of the Pnyx Assembly Place had been constructed during the reign of the emperor Hadrian, using fill derived from elsewhere in the immediate area, possibly the terrace to the south. Subsequent excavation on this terrace, however, convinced Thompson that the structuresthere, which could be dated by the associated pottery to the 4th century, formed an integral part of the design of Pnyx III. He thereforerevised his original position, dismissingthe later material in the Pnyx fill as intrusive, and dating the construction of Pnyx III in the third quarter of the 4th century.19 But he was never able to generate an adequate explanation for the position of the Roman material so deep in the fill and in such a close relationship to the wall. Although most scholars have accepted the 4th-century date, from the point of view of the fill and its stratigraphya strong argument could also be made that the monument is Roman. A selection of the pottery from the Pnyx III fill is still availablefor study. Of this, 16 fragments of pottery, 2 lamps, and 2 amphora handles are Hellenistic, 39 fragments of pottery, 10 lamps, and 2 coins are Roman.20 Relying primarilyon Broneer'schronology for the Corinthian lamps of Type XXVII, the excavators dated the latest Roman material in the early 2nd century after Christ, which allowed them to assign the monument to a likely historical period, the reign of Hadrian. But the chronology of the lamps has since been radicallyoverhauled, and their life span is now revealed to have been much longer than was formerly thought. The earliest lamps of this type, Broneer'sGroup A, began to be manufacturedin the late 1stor early 2nd century. But lamps of Group B, present in one inventoried example and another sketched in Thompson's notebook, did not begin to be made until the late 2nd century, and the type was not well established until the 3rd century.21 Third-century material may also be recognized among the pottery: a large motto-mug, a moldmade "oinophoros"jug, at least one of the fragments of local red ware, and a micaceous water jar.22 Thus, if the Roman pottery dates the monument, the monument must date in the 3rd century after Christ. This is an unlikely time for monumental construction in Athens and constitutes a strong argument for dating Pnyx III in the 4th century B.C., the only other likely date, to judge from the material in the fill. There seems little alternative,then, to regardingthe Roman objects as intrusive,despite their provenience deep behind the retaining wall. They may have been deposited as a result of the 18 Fora discussionof the contentsof the filland its

date,see KourouniotesandThompson1932,pp. 180-190. 19 Thompsonand Scranton1943,pp. 297-300; H. A. Thompson1982,pp. 144-145. 20 Complete lists appear in Rotroffand Camp 1996, pp. 291-293. For publishedHellenisticmaterialsee Edwards1956, no. 93, p. 103, fig. 2 on p. 86, pls. 47, 50 (moldfor moldmadebowl);Grace 1956b, nos. 176, 183, pp. 162-163 (two Knidianstampedamphorahandlesdatingto 107-97 and 97-88 B.C.).For the Roman potteryand lampssee Kourouniotesand Thompson1932,pp. 181-185;Davidsonand Thompson1943,no. 105, p. 60, fig.25, and no. 109, p. 61, fig.26; Rotroffand Camp 1996,pp. 266-269. The thirty-nineRomanfragments listed above do not includethe five pieces of Romanpotteryillustratedin Kourouniotesand Thompson 1932, pp. 181-183, figs.52, 53, whichcome fromthe clearingof the retainingwall ratherthan the fill proper.The two coinsare Kournouniotesand Thompson1932,nos. 2, 3, andpp. 211-212, DavidsonandThompson1943,no. 19, p. 17. Cf. Svoronos,pl. 80:36-43 and 18-21; AgoraXXVI, varieties152 and 153, p. 108, mid-20'sto 19 B.c. See AgoraXXVI, p. 300. 21 For recent discussion of the

22 See Rotroffand

XVIII, ii, pp. 13-17. dating see Corinth

Camp 1996,p. 267, fig.5:3,pl. 77;Rotroff1996.

22

2. FIXEDPOINTSAND OTHERIMPORTANTCONTEXTS

natural drainage of this area, which funneled objects into a gully near the center of the retaining wall; or the fill may have been disturbedby ancient Athenians in search of building stone. If the diggers backfilledtheir excavation with the same material they took out of it, it is no wonder that the disturbance eluded detection. The German excavatorsat Troy in 1991 had great difficulty identifying Schliemann's and Dorpfeld's dumps and backfilled trenches, even though they were looking for them and had photographs and notes to guide them in their search. Although it is disturbed,the fill of Pnyx III neverthelessprovidesa useful 4th-century context. The datable material is remarkablyconsistent and allows us to pinpoint the terminal date of the fill with some confidence. None of the seventy-fivestamped amphora handles dates after about 340,23 and only a single example of the many fragments of red figure is later than the middle of the 4th century.24 Lamps of Howland's Types 25 B and 25 B', unknown at Olynthos, are present in a few fragments, suggesting a date slightly later than 348 for the closing of the Pnyx deposit.25 The five closely datable Greek coins from the fill fall before ca. 335.26 The internal evidence, then, points to a date of ca. 340-335 for the constructionof the monument and thus for the latest pottery in the fill. This finds furtherconfirmationin the masonry of the retaining wall, which is closely similar to that of stretches of the city wall at Panopeus, which was constructed, probably with Athenian assistance,between 346 and 338 B.C.27 In view of the disturbance, the context is not decisive for shapes and types that occur in only one fragment, but for objects that occur in substantialnumbers, the fill of Pnyx III provides a helpful dating point within the 4th century.28 It is necessary, however, to use the published material from the Pnyx excavations with circumspection. The objects presented in the two HesperiaSupplements devoted to the Pnyx derive not only from the various fills of the Assembly Place but also from excavations on the terrace above and to the south of that monument. The publications are not always specific about the contexts of individual pieces, and even when they are, those notations do not always agree with the information in the original field notebooks. This is particularlytrue of the lamps. Examination of the excavation records shows, for instance, that, contrary to what is implied in the publication and to what Howland assumed in AgoraIV, no example of a Type 25 C' lamp was found in the Pnyx III fill; but Howland, accepting the 23

ThetwolateHellenistic handleswereexcluded fromthiscount;seenote20 above.Thehandleswerepublished

by Virginia Grace in 1956. None of the forty-sixThasian handles show the innovations in stamping that have been attributed to administrativechanges in the wake of Philip's conquest of Thasos in 340 B.C. (Grace 1956b, pp. 119, 122-123). Although the connection with Philip has been called into question, a date of ca. 340 is still generally accepted for these changes (Debidour 1986, pp. 311, 313). 24 Talcott and Philippaki 1956, p. 6; no. 312, pp. 64-65, pl. 31, early third quarter of 4th century. 25 Among the ca. 450 Greek lamps that can be identifiedto type, two are of Type 25 B and four of Type 25 B'. The only published Type 25 B' lamp from the fill is an unusual early one, very large and with two glazed bands around the filling hole (Davidson and Thompson 1943, no. 67, pp. 55-56, fig. 24). An exact parallel has been excavated in the Agora (L 5809), unfortunatelynot in a closed context. A more canonical example from the fill is unpublished (Pnyx L 73). The Type 25 B' lamp cited by Howland as coming from the fill (Davidson and Thompson 1943, no. 82, p. 57, fig. 24; see AgoraIV, p. 74) actually comes from a mixed Greek and Roman fill to the north of the retainingwall, not from the fill of Pnyx III. For a Type 25 B lamp from the fill see Davidson and Thompson 1943, no. 42, p. 52, fig. 19. 26 Kourouniotesand Thompson 1932, nos. 1,6-9, pp. 211-212. They include one double-bodied owl (Agora XXVI, and four coins of Salamis variety 41, 340's/330's-322) (AgoraXXVI, variety 640, 4th century,certainly in circulation before 348). There is also a coin of Peparethos(4th-2nd century;Kourouniotesand Thompson 1932, no. 5, p. 212). 27 Rotroff and Camp 1996, pp. 271-275. 28 For a selection of representative profiles of black-glazed pottery see Rotroff and Camp 1996, pp. 280-288, 6-21. figs.

THE THOLOS DEBRIS

23

original publication at face value, used it as evidence for the beginning of the type.29 Corrected lists of lamp types from the fill now appear in Rotroff and Camp 1996.30 VERGINA The royal tombs at Vergina,31while splendid repositories of luxury goods, are of only limited value for ceramic chronology. The identity of the deceased is a matter of controversy, and it may

never be possible to determine whether Tomb II is that of Philip II, and thus to be dated in 336, or of Philip III Arrhidaios, and thus to be dated in 316, or of some other, nonroyal individual. The published finds include little pottery,32so even a solution to the problem of identity and dating might not be of much assistance for ceramic chronology. KERAMEIKOS BUILDING Z Building Z, a large structureconsisting of rooms around a courtyard,stood in the corner formed by the city wall and the south wall of the Sacred Gate. Its outline had already been defined in the 19th century, but it was not until the late 1970's and early 1980's that the structurewas thoroughlyinvestigated. The building had severalphases, the third of which (Z-3) is importantfor Hellenistic chronology.33 This third phase was destroyed suddenly,for unknown reasons, at the end of the 4th century. Abundant debris lay on its floor, including about 300 pieces of pottery (mainly bowls, kantharoi, and plates) and over fifty coins. The coins provide excellent evidence of the date,34 for among them was a posthumous tetradrachm of Alexander the Great, issued between ca. 320 and 317. The large sample of Athenian bronze coins includes no example of the owl-left issue (AgoraXXVI, variety 50), whichJohn Kroll believes to have been struckbetween 307 and ca. 300. The destruction of the building, then, falls between 320/317 and 307. The kantharoi from the deposit are significantlytaller and thinner than those found at Olynthos, but squatter than any found at Koroni, and fit well at a time, as the coins suggest, about halfway between the two points. This pottery, once published, will provide a very useful dating point for Attic pottery of the early Hellenistic period.35

THE THOLOSDEBRIS I have argued elsewhere that the fillings in the wells and cisterns around the Tholos (F 11:2, G 11:4, F 12:3),which have long been viewed as evidence for damage to the building in the years 29

AgoraIV, p. 77. Excavation records indicate that the lamp he cites was not found in the Pnyx fill but rather in a trench along the city wall. 30 Rotroffand Camp 1996, pp. 289-291. 31 Andronicos 1984; Andronicos 1977, pp. 1-72. Forbibliographyof the controversyover the identity of the person buried in Tomb II, see Andronicos 1984, pp. 238-239, articles by Borza, Calder, Fredricksmeyer,Giuallombardi et al., Hammond, Lehmann; see also Prag, Musgrave, and Naeve 1984, pp. 60-78. Recently the identification of Vergina as ancient Aigai, and hence the royaltyof the tombs, has been brought into question (Faklaris1994). 32 Andronicos 1984, p. 156, figs. 121-122; Treasures nos. 134-139, p. 55. ofAncientMacedonia, 33 Knigge 1980, pp. 256-265; Knigge and Kovacsovics 1981, pp. 385-389. 34 For Kroll's analysis see AgoraXXVI, p. 298. 35 Dr. Ursula Knigge is preparing the material for publication; she kindly allowed me to examine it and to take measurements of the kantharoiand cup-kantharoi.

24

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around 300, may be connected with the coup of Lachares in 295.36 The date of deposit is later than the destruction of Building Z-3, for one of the wells contained an Athenian owl-left coin (B-491), the issue that is absent from the Building Z destruction material. The kantharoi are very similarto those found in Building Z, and were it not for the later coin, the two deposits would appear to be contemporary. MENON'S CISTERN The House of Mikion and Menon was situated outside the southwestcorner of the Agora square, along a road that led from the Agora southwards over the saddle between the Areopagos and the Pnyx. One of two cisterns in its courtyardcontained a rich deposit of pottery and terracotta figurines, discarded when the house was destroyed.37 The cistern contained no independently datable objects, but close similarities to pottery from Koroni suggest that the material was discarded in the 3rd century. The similaritiesare easiest to appreciate in the case of kantharoi; the latest published example from Menon's Cistern (no. 5) is close to the kantharoifrom Koroni (nos. 36-38).38 There are, however, some differences between these two groups of material. Three of the four Attic fish-platesfrom Koroni (nos. 19-21) are substantiallydeeper, hence later, than those from Menon's Cistern (nos. 39, 40), and one of the rolled-rim plates from Koroni (no. 12) indicates by its more angular profile that it is probably somewhat later than the plates from Menon's Cistern (nos. 43, 44).39 At Koroni also a later lamp, of Howland's Type 27 C, was found.40 Further comparisons are difficult to make, either because the shapes in question are not closely datable (e.g. bowls with outturned rims, rilled-rimplates) or because many of the shapes in Menon's Cistern were not found at Koroni. It is, after all, only to be expected that an urban household and a military camp should be somewhat differentlyequipped. Indications are, however, that the Menon material is slightly earlier than the Koroni material, though well advanced beyond pottery from Building Z-3 and the Tholos debris. The proportions of the kantharoi suggest that the deposit belongs somewhat later than halfway between the two. The slenderestkantharoiin Building Z-3 have a diameter-to-heightratio of 0.87, while the slenderest pieces at Koroni have a ratio of 0.67. The same ratio for the most slender pieces in Menon's Cistern is 0.73. I had earlier suggested that the destruction of Menon's House and the filling of his cistern were to be associated with the successful uprising against the Macedonians in 287 or 286.41 But the visual similaritybetween the Koroni kantharoiand those from Menon's Cistern makes it difficultto believe in a twenty-yeargap between the two. In workingwith various shapes I have repeatedly found this date to be a stumbling block, for it required crowding the sequence 36 Rotroff 1984b, pp. 344-346. 37 Stella G. Miller 1974. Evidence for the destruction is provided by burnt material and roof tiles in the well (p. 196). 38 Stella G. Miller 1974, no. 5, p. 229, pl. 30; Vanderpool,McCredie, and Steinberg 1962, nos. 36-38, p. 37, pl. 20. 39 Fish-plates:cf Stella G. Miller 1974, nos. 39, 40, p. 234, fig. 5, pl. 32 with Vanderpool, McCredie, and Steinberg 1962, nos. 19-21, p. 35, fig. 8, pl. 21. Plates:cf. Stella G. Miller 1974, nos. 43,44, p. 236, fig.5, pl. 32 with Vanderpool, McCredie, and Steinberg 1962, no. 12, p. 33, fig. 8, pl. 20. 40 Vanderpool, McCredie, and Steinberg 1962, no. 29, p. 36, pl. 21. The type is not well dated. Howland (Agora IV, p. 88) places it in the second half of the 3rd century. Scheiblersuggeststhe type may not be Attic and pushes the initial

datebackto 270 on the basisof the piecefromKoroni(Kerameikos XI, p. 49, note 1, and p. 190). 41 Rotroff

1983, p. 262; Rotroff 1984b, pp. 346-347. The relationship of the kantharoi can be appreciated in fig. 3 on p. 350.

DIPYLONWELLB

25

before 286 and spreading it out after that point. In estimating dates, especially for kantharoi, I have thereforeused a date of ca. 275 as the lower terminus for the material from Menon's Cistern. This does not affect pots dated before 307 (for which Building Z provides the reference point) but does affect the dates proposed for pottery made between 307 and ca. 265 (Koroni). If, in fact, Menon's house was destroyed 10 years or so earlier (in 287 or 286), the suggested ranges given in this publication for some pots may be a little too narrow. For example, the range of dates for kantharoi similar to those from both Menon's Cistern and Koroni, given now as 280-260, would be instead 290-260.

THE ARSINOEION ON SAMOTHRACE The well-known round building in the Sanctuary of the Great Gods on Samothrace is identified by an inscriptionon the building itself as the gift of Arsinoe, daughter of Ptolemy I of Egypt. Only two fragmentsof the inscriptionhave been found, one of which is now lost; precise dating depends on the restoration of the name of Arsinoe's husband, which is not preserved on the stone. Most scholars have thought that the building was erected while she was married to King Lysimachosof Thrace (299-281), most likely during the span 287-281, when Lysimachos ruled Macedonia.42 But Georges Roux, in the recent, definitive publication of the building, returns to the earlier suggestion that Arsinoe made the dedication after she became queen of Egypt through marriage to her brother,Ptolemy II, although he admits that the evidence is not conclusive.43 In this case, the building must date between ca. 276 and the death of Arsinoe in the summer of 270 B.C. Although the material from the building fill is mostly local, it is still of interest as comparanda for other early Hellenistic pottery. The kantharosproportions (the slenderest have a Diam./H. ratio of 0.83-0.87)44 suggest a cutoff date between the time of Building Z-3 and Menon's Cistern, although local wares may have lagged behind (or conceivably run ahead of) Attic wares in this respect. The material does, however, serve in a general way to support the chronological frameworkthat is presented here.

DIPYLON WELL B1 In 1970 Karin Braun published the contents of a well located in the court of the Dipylon Gate.45 The upper part of the shaft was cleared in 1933; the pottery has been lost, but notes made at the time indicate that it was Hellenistic. The lower 6.40 m. were excavated in 1965, in arbitrary 50 cm. layers, or Abschnitten. On the basis of the pottery, Braun distinguished three fills: a lower of use period (Abschnitten I-IV), a second period of use (V-VIII), and a dump (IX-XII). 42

IG XII, viii 227; Conze, Hauser, and Niemann 1875, pp. 15-17, pl. LVIII, fig. I; Conze, Hauser, and Benndorf 1880, pp. 111-112; Samothrace II, i, no. 10, pp. 48-50. This dating hangs on the fact that Arsinoe is designated oi xtT'po?,as she often was at a later date. 0co IIroX.palou, not as OuyvrxtpIToXeo.alCou simply as Ouy&tx)p 43 Samothrace VII, pp. 231-239. 44 Kopcke 1992, nos. 44-86, pp. 287-293, 398-401. I am grateful toJames McCredie for allowing me to examine the pottery from the Arsinoeion in the summer of 1971 and to GunterKopcke for showingme a draftof his manuscript on the material. 45 Braun 1970. For her revised dating, which takes the revisions of the amphora chronology into account, see Braun 1994, pp. 23-25.

26

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THELOWER FI.L (ABSCHNITTEN I-IV) The stratigraphicevidence of the excavation of the Dipylon Gate provides clues to the date at which the well went into service. Since the paving surrounding the well lies directly over the foundation trench of the east tower of the gate, and since the well was, in the excavator's judgment, cut through the paving, the well must postdate the construction of the gate. The pavement, furthermore, is at the same level as Layer IV in the street, indicating that the gate, pavement, and street were part of the same building operation, to which the construction of the well was subsequent. Layer IV contained an owl-left coin, providing a terminus post quemof 307-ca. 300 for the construction of the gate. A date of 307-304 for this work has been argued on the following historical and epigraphical grounds. Major work on the walls of Athens and Peiraieus is documented by an inscription of 307/6 (IG II2 463). Although the document does not mention the constructionof the Dipylon, that project is likely to have been part of this general overhaul of the city's defenses; because of the size of the undertaking, the gate was perhaps covered by a separate contract. Athens successfullywithstood a siege by Macedonian forces in 304, indicating that the gate was in good repair at that time.46 If this dating is correct, the well was dug no earlier than 307; the datable material found at the bottom suggests that it was in use before the end of the century. In the lowest fill was found a curse tablet naming a group of Macedonians (Pleistarchos,Eupolemos, Cassander)and a Macedonian sympathizer (Demetrios of Phaleron).47 Whether we place it, as DavidJordan does, in the years 313-307, or in 304, as ChristianHabicht argues,48it certainly dates within the 4th century.Jordan points out, however,that it was not until the Roman period that such curses were deposited directly in wells; in the 4th century,graveswere thought to be the proper channel for sending such messages. Thus the tablet is probably part of a miscellaneous dumped fill, recognized byJudith Binder, ranging in date from the Submycenaean period to the 4th century and culled from disturbed graves and other nearby monuments.49 It therefore cannot serve to date the other material at the bottom of the well. Thirty-seven coins were found in AbschnittI b, thirty-fourof them in two corroded masses representinglost purses. One purse contains no Athenian coin later than AgoraXXVI,varieties45 and 48, dated by Kroll ca. 322/317-307, while the other is later, containing examples of AgoraXXVI, varieties50 (the owl-leftissue)and 51 (307-ca. 300).50 Here, too, there are difficulties, for it is impossible to know whether these purses lay in their primary place of deposit or are part of the dumped fill postulated by Binder.51 On the other hand, it is easier to believe that two careless persons lost their purses in the well than it is to imagine that two purses were part of a deliberate dump, and I thereforetake the coins to indicate that the well was already in service at the end of the 4th century. Evidently the fill of the lowest 2.80 m. of the well (Abschnitten I-IV) accumulatedwhile the well was in use. The deposit contained eleven complete or nearly completejugs that had been used for 46

Gruben 1970, pp. 114-119, 124-128; Gruben 1964, cols. 409-410. Kroll (Agora XXVI, pp. 298-299) comments on the coins in the street levels. 47 Braun 1970, pp. 197-198, II. 48 Jordan 1980, pp. 229-236; Habicht 1985, pp. 81-82. 49 Binder's suggestion is quoted inJordan 1980, p. 233. 50 Braun 1970, nos. 37-70, pp. 138-139, 192, pl. 78. For further discussion of the purses see Kroll 1979, pp. 140-141 andAgoraXXVI,p. 299. 51 Their early date seems to preclude the suggestion of the excavatorthat they were thrown in at a higher level and subsequentlyfiltered down to the bottom of the well (Gruben 1970, p. 125, note 9).

DIPYLONWELLB

27

drawingwater, and a number of the drinkingcups found in it were intact, suggestingthat their fall was broken by the water standing in the well. Comparison of the pottery in the four Abschnitten suggests, furthermore,that this material accumulatedgradually. The latest kantharos in AbschnittI b (no. 7) finds a parallel in Menon's Cistern (no. 4), but not with the latest kantharoifrom that deposit.52 The rilled-rimplate, bowl-kantharos,and two of the plain water jugs are also paralleled there.53 The latest material may, on the evidence of the kantharoi, be slightly earlier than that in Menon's Cistern, but not by much, and the lower limit of AbschnittI probably falls around 280. The earliest kantharos (no. 5) is similar to one of the later examples from the Tholos Well (F 11:2).54 This suggests a range of ca. 300-280 for the pottery in this lowest section of the well. The earlier objects (Submycenaeanjewelry, curse tablet, etc.) may, as Binder suggested, have been discarded following upheavals associated with the tyranny of Lachares in 295/4. The objects in AbschnittII show distinct differencesfrom those in Abschnitt I b. The kantharos no. 78 is taller and more ungainly that those in AbschnittI, broadly comparable to those from Koroni.55 The gray unguentaria from these two contexts are also closely similar.56The angular Hellenistic kantharos,present only as fragmentsin Menon's Cistern (e.g. 183), is representedby two pieces in Abschnitt II (nos. 80, 81).57 And a new shape, the hemisphericalcup with West Slope decoration on the interior,absent in Menon's Cistern, appears for the first time (no. 85).58 These considerationssuggest that the material reaches down into the 260's. Objects in Abschnitt III show further in more theer scarcely any development, except perhaps definitively angular profile of the Hellenistic kantharoi (nos. 101, 102).59That the Classical kantharoishow no development from II-IV suggests that the shape had reached the ultimate stage of its evolution perhaps Abschnitten about the time of Koroni or earlier but continued to be made with little or no change for some decades thereafter. The small collection of pots in AbschnittIV offers little evidence for date. The angular kantharos (no. 114)60is thinner than those in AbschnittIII, so probably a bit later but not much after about 250. The West Slope amphora (no. 117)61probably dates between ca. 275 and 225. Other material in this layer,however,providesmore precise dates. A collection of some 570 lead tablets, part of an archive of the Athenian cavalry,was found spread throughout the lower fill.62 The group is homogeneous, and it is thought that all the tabletswere dumped at once, at the level of Abschnitt IV,but subsequentlysettled into the lower layersof the well because of their weight and 52 Braun 1970, no. 7, p. 184, pl. 54:2; Stella G. Miller 1974, no. 4, p. 229, pl. 30. 53 Cf. Braun 1970, no. 20, p. 135, fig. 11 on p. 163, pl. 54:3 and Stella G. Miller 1974, no. 41, p. 236, fig. 5, pl. 32; Braun 1970, no. 10, p. 134, pl. 54:1 and Stella G. Miller 1974, no. 15, pp. 230-231, pls. 30, 48; Braun 1970, no. 23, p. 136, pl. 54:4 and Stella G. Miller 1974, no. 46, p. 236, pl. 33; Braun 1970, no. 25, p. 136, pl. 54:4 and Stella G. Miller 1974, no. 48, p. 236, pl. 33. 54 Cf. Braun 1970, no. 5, p. 133, pl. 54:1 and Rotroff 1984b, no. 12, p. 353, pl. 67. 55 Cf. Braun 1970, no. 78, p. 139, pl. 56:4 and Vanderpool, McCredie, and Steinberg 1962, no. 35, p. 37, pl. 20. 56 Cf. Braun 1970, no. 88, pp. 140-141, pl. 56:5 and Vanderpool, McCredie, and Steinberg 1962, no. 42, p. 38, 21. pl. 57 Braun 1970, p. 139, pl. 56:4. 58 Braun 1970, p. 140, pl. 56:5. 59 Braun 1970, nos. 101, 102, p. 142, pl. 58:1. 60 Braun 1970, no. 114, p. 144, pi. 59:1. 61 Braun 1970, no. 117, pp. 144-145, pl. 59:1. 62 Braun 1970, pp. 198-269.

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small size.63 On prosopographical grounds it seems that these tablets were inscribed no later than 250 or 240,64 a date that agrees well with the pottery. But AbschnittIV also contained three stamped amphora handles; one may be dated within the span 241-225, but the other two are later and have been placed by Virginia Grace in ca. 222 and ca. 222-217 respectively.65Considering that the amphoras from which they came had to be stamped in Rhodes, transportedto Athens, emptied of wine, then reduced to fragments and dispersed before they found their way into the well, one would estimate a date of discardsome years later. In that case it is very strangethat not a single fragment of a moldmade bowl was discovered in this level, although vessels of this type were certainlybeing manufacturedin Athens by the late 220's. It may be that the accumulationin the well was approaching the water level and rendering the well unusable (see below), so that more and more the well received only chance debris. The use of the well for the discard of 570 lead tablets certainly suggests that it was acquiring the character of a dump rather than a source of water. The drinking cups and pitchers (nos. 113-116, 118-120)66 may then come from the last years of real use of the well, about contemporary with the horse tablets (mid-3rd century). The alternative is to downdate the pottery to ca. 220. The difficulty here is that it shows no development over Thompson's Group B,67 which was deposited shortly after ca. 240, and that pottery from deposits laid down early in the last quarterof the 3rd century (and containing only a few fragmentsof moldmade bowls)exhibit strikingdevelopment beyond the pots in Abschnitt IV.68 THE SECONDFILL(ABSCHNITTEN V-VIII) ANDTHEDUMP(ABSCHNITTEN IX-XII)

The excavator noted a marked difference in the character of the fill above AbschnittIV,69 and there is also an obvious change in the pottery, indicating a gap of some years between the IV and V Possiblynothing was throwninto the well for some years. More deposition ofAbschnitten the well had become unusable due to accumulation of debris and was partially likely, however, cleaned out so that it could be put back into use. The most noticeable difference is the presence of large numbers of moldmade bowls; the industrywas clearlyin full swing and had been for some V were made in slightly worn molds (nos. 129, 133).70 time, since some of the bowls in Abschnitt The amphora handles also attest a gap: no. 135 from Abschnitten V and VI was stamped between ca. 208 and 196.71 This second fill, too, may have been accumulative, since handles in higher levels date slightly later (no. 159 from Abschnitt VII to ca. 192, no. 183 from Abschnitt VIII shortly before 188).72 Progression is also seen in the moldmade bowls, for slightly later types occur in higher levels; a bowl perhaps belonging to the M Monogram Class (early second quarter of the 63 Gruben 1970, p. 125, note 8; Braun 1970, p. 131. 64 Kroll 1977a, p. 106. 65 Braun 1970, nos. 124-126, pp. 145-146, pl. 60:1-3. The dating has been revised since Braun's publication; see Grace 1974, p. 199. 66 Braun 1970, pp. 144-145, pl. 59. 67 Cf. Braun 1970, no. 114, p. 144, pl. 59:1 and H. A. Thompson 1934, B 4, p. 335, fig. 15 (angular kantharos); Braun 1970, no. 117, pp. 144-145, pl. 59:1 and H. A. Thompson 1934, B 3, p. 335, figs. 15, 16 (amphora). 68 Cf. the kantharoiin L 19:2 (206, 207), middle fill ofF 17:3 (205), fill II of O 20:3 (209), lower fill of N 21:4 (212,

215, 216).

69 Gruben

1970, p. 124.

70 Braun 1970, nos. 129, 133, pp. 146-147, pls. 61:4, 62:1. On both, the upper elements of the rim pattern are

blurred, probably because this area of the mold had been abraded by repeated use. 71 Braun 1970, pp. 147-148, pl. 64:3. For revised amphora dates see Grace 1974, p. 199. 72 Braun 1970, pp. 152, 156, pls. 66:4, 71:4.

CHATBY

29

VII (no. 147), and Abschnitten 2nd century)appears in Abschnitt VII and VIII produced examples of Class 2 (nos. 150, 174), a class often found in later deposits and perhaps dating after ca. 175.73 BraunidentifiedAbschnitten V-VIII as a period ofuse, mainlyon the basisoftwo fairlycomplete and two fragmentarywater jugs,74 but there are already signs of dumping in Abschnitten VII and VIII. The last substantially complete water jug comes from AbschnittVI (no. 139),75 and in V and VI drinking cups (moldmade bowls) still far outnumber other types of pottery. Abschnitten But AbschnittVII contained large amounts of coarse ware (kitchenvessels and amphoras, as well as, in AbschnittVIII, the arm of a statue), suggesting that the well had already become a dumping place. This dumped material continued to accumulate: bowls definitely of the M Monogram IX and X (nos. 187, 194), and coins in Abschnitt Class are found in Abschnitten XII date just before the middle of the century (nos. 217-220).76 Forthe upperpart of the well (Abschnitten V-XII), then, there was perhaps limited use in Abschnitten V and VI, datable on the basis of the stamped amphora handle (no. 135), at the end of the 3rd century. This was followed by a fairly long span of time in which the well was probably dry and was graduallyfilled with debris (Abschnitten VII-XII). This would date, on the evidence of the amphora handles (nos. 159, 183) and the coins (nos. 217-220), from ca. 190 to the middle of the 2nd century. CHATBY The Chatby cemetery in Alexandria, explored and published by Evaristo Breccia early in this century,77has long served as a point of reference in early Hellenistic chronology. The necropolis seems from its location, form, and contents to be the earliestburialplace so fardiscoveredthat was used by new Greek settlers after the foundation of the city in 331. But how early was it put into use, and how long did it remain in use? Breccia believed that the cemetery was established soon after the foundation of the city and abandoned in the early 3rd century.78Other scholars, notably Gerhardt Kleiner and Achille Adriani, have maintained that burialscontinued throughout much of the 3rd century,79and it now seems clear that Breccia'sdating must be revised. The various types of objects that have been found at Chatby provide somewhat conflicting evidence but suggest a long period of use. All the coins appear to be early;most were issued during the reign of Ptolemy I, as either satrap or king, and one or two during the lifetime of Alexander.80 This would suggest that the heaviest use of the cemetery was in the years 320-280, although the lack of later coins could be due to some change in burial customs. Dorothy Thompson found that the terracottas from Chatby were advanced beyond those in the Coroplast's Dump at the Athenian Agora (now dated ca. 350-315), but not radically so.81 Other material, however, is 73

Braun 1970, no. 147, p. 150, pl. 65:6; nos. 150, 174, pp. 150-151, 154, pls. 66:1, 70:1; for the dates see AgoraXXII, pp. 29-31. 74 Braun 1970, pp. 130-131. 75 Braun 1970, no. 139, p. 148, pl. 64:6. 76 For the bowls see Braun 1970, nos. 187, 194, pp. 157-158, pls. 73:1, 75:1. The coins (nos. 217-220, p. 165, pl. 77:6) are the Apollo/amphora issue (AgoraXXVI, variety 101, cf. Svoronos, pl. 106:12-16) dated by Kroll 166-150's. 77 Siatbi. For more recent discussions see D. B. Thompson 1952b, 120; Fraser 1972, p. pp. 32-33. 78 iatbi,pp.x, 177, 190. 79 G. Kleiner 1942, pp. 31-33; Adriani 1936, pp. 172-174. 80 Sciatbi,pp. 177-180; Dattari 1905. 81 D. B. Thompson 1952b, p. 157; for the date of the Coroplast'sDump see S 19:3, p. 472, and Rotroff 1987a, 184. p.

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certainly later. Six of the Hadra hydriaifrom Chatby can now be dated with some confidence in the period ca. 250-230 on the basis of comparisonwith other Hadra hydriai inscribedwith dating formulas.82In addition, Peter Callaghan has attributeda West Slope style amphora from Chatby to his Hippocamp Painter, a Knossian craftsman who decorated both Hadra hydriai and West Slope pots in the last quarter of the 3rd century.83Faience vessels of 3rd- and even 2nd-century date were also found in the necropolis but none, apparently,within the tombs themselves.84 The amount of red-figuredpottery is small,85but black and overpainted pottery of standard Greek type is well represented.86 Some appears to be Attic, but some is not. Both shape and decoration suggest that most of the Attic (or Atticizing) pieces are relatively early. None have any white paint, introduced in Athens during the course of the first quarter of the 3rd century, although two true West Slope vessels of non-Attic origin were found in the cemetery.87The range of shapes is conservative, similar to that of the pottery in Menon's Cistern, and the kantharoi less developed than the latest pieces there and those from Koroni. The Hellenistic form of the kantharos is represented only by two small examples, perhaps from Boiotia, where the shape had been current since the late 5th century.88 One searches in vain in Breccia's publication for Attic pottery of the period after ca. 275. It seems likely that the Alexandriansstopped importing pottery from Greece fairly quickly,perhaps by the early 3rd century, replacing Attic goods with 82

Although the scholars who are currentlyworking on Hadra vases have arranged and classifiedthem somewhat differently,they are in essential agreement about the dating of these pieces. Alexandria 19098 (Siatbi, no. 66, p. 38, pl. XL:53) is in Cook's Two Line Group (Group III.C, ca. 240, B. F Cook 1984, p. 798). Alexandria 19100 (Sciatbi, no. 67, p. 39, pl. XLI:54) is placed by Cook in his Florid Palmette Group (Group II, ca. 240, B. F Cook 1984, p. 797) and attributedby Enklaarto the Painter of Alexandria 5269, dated 255-235 (Enklaar 1985, no. 2:6, p. 121). Alexandria 14094 (Sciatbi,no. 70, p. 40, pl. XLII:57) is placed by Cook in the Palmette/Rosette Group (Group I, ca. 240, B. F. Cook 1984, p. 796). EnklaarattributesAlexandria 19095 (Sciatbi,no. 73, p. 41, fig. 31) to the Astragal Painter,240-230 (Enklaar1985, no. 6:2, p. 125). Alexandria 10458 (Sciatbi,no. 69, p. 40, pl. XLI:56) is attributedby Enklaar to his Laurel Painter,dated 250-240 (Enklaar 1985, no. 4:11, p. 123); he gives Alexandria 19102 (Sciatbi, no. 75, p. 42) to his Palmettes Painter,dated 250-235 (Enklaar1985, no. 5:2, p. 124). 83 Sciatbi,no. 48, pp. 32-33, pl. XXXV:42. Callaghan 1981a, p. 56. Among other vases attributedto this painter is New York,MMA 90.9.29, with a dating formula for 213 B.C. (see B. F. Cook 1966, no. 9, p. 24). 84 The faience oinochoai from the cemetery area (Sciatbi,nos. 581-592, pp. 180-182, pls. LXXX:267-269, LXXXI:276) have been dated by D. B. Thompson (1973) throughout the last three quarters of the 3rd century and into the 2nd century. The faience skyphoi (Sciatbi,no. 233, pp. 80-81, pl. XLV:65 and nos. 610, 611, 615, pp. 186, 188, figs. 117, 118, pl. LXXX:274) appear to be even later,finding parallelsamong green-glazed cups of the late Hellenistic and early Roman periods;cf. Hochuli-Gysel 1977, pls. 1-8, 43-52. A number of Roman unguentaria are also reported (Sciatbi,no. 264, p. 87, fig. 46). 85 Two pelikai (Sciatbi,nos. 91, 92, pp. 49-50, pl. XLVII:71, 72 and XLVIII:73, 74) and a few patterned pieces (nos. 120-126, pp. 55-56, pl. L:86; no. 142, p. 58, fig. 37; nos. 151-152, pp. 60-61, pl. LI:95). 86 Sciatbi,pls. XLIX-LVI. 87 The Knossian amphora (Sciatbi,no. 48, pp. 32-33, pl. XXXV:42) and a thorn kantharos (no. 176, p. 66, pl. LIV:107). The latter has been claimed as Attic, but there are no parallels for the shape or the decoration at the Agora. Closely similar pieces have been found at Pella (Makaronas1962, pl. 76), Aigina (Alt-AginaII, i, no. 510, pl. 39, pp. 71-72), Corinth (but not of Corinthian fabric, CorinthVII, iii, p. 87, C-47-802, pl. 16 and Romano 1994, no. 25, p. 70, pl. 17), Butrinto (AlbaniaAnticaIII, no. 5, p. 131, pl. XVII), South Italy (Rossi 1983, pp. 92-93, pl. 54:3) and occur also in museum collections (Athens NM 2311, Watzinger 1901, no. 22, p. 77, assumed to be from Athens); Vogell, no. 316, pl. VI:5. The same shape, with a checkerboardinstead of an ivy pattern, is also attested: Amsterdam 2 CVA, [Netherlands2], pl. 4 [86]:7 (from Greece, Anthedon?);Moreno 1964-1965, p. 55, fig. 38 (from Taranto);BCH 108, 1984, p. 771, fig. 65 (fromMamousia, in Achaia). The form of the foot recalls that on a late-3rdto early-2nd-centurymoldmade kantharos(Watzinger1901, no. 4, p. 69, pl. IV, left). 88 Sciatbi,no. 163, p. 63, pl. LII:101 and pl. LI:94;cf. Kabirion III, no. 130, p. 131, pl. 8, of the mid-4th century. For this shape in Boiotia see Kabirion III, p. 28.

KORONI

31

pots of their own manufacture and with imports from Crete and Southern Italy. In any event, the usefulnessof Chatby as a dating point is weakened by the long period of use that the cemetery enjoyed. KORONI The single most important context for the dating of early Hellenistic ceramics is the fortified encampment at Koroni, on the east coast of Attica.89 In a three-week excavation in 1960 the site was discoveredto have been occupied by Ptolemaic forces,probablymen under the command of Patroklossent to the aid of the Athenians during the Chremonidean War (267-262/1).90 This interpretation, based primarily on the large number of coins of Ptolemy II found at the site, was initially questioned because it was in conflict with the then-establishedpottery and amphora chronology.91More recently,however,it has been generallyaccepted and is supportedby revisions in the amphora chronology.92Indeed, other traces of contemporaryPtolemaic activity have been noted elsewhere in Attica, on PatroklosIsland off the coast at Sounion and on Kea, augmenting the ceramic material available for comparison.93 Recently Heide Lauter-Bufehas suggested,primarilyon the basis of the substantialnatureand the individualityof the houses on the slopes, that the site was inhabited for some years before the war as a fortifiedfarming village with an Athenian garrison on the acropolis.94The fortification was established, she suggests, after the uprising of 286 and was occupied down to the time of the Chremonidean War,when, she agrees, Ptolemaic forces were present in the fort. Thereafter 89 Vanderpool, McCredie, and Steinberg 1962; McCredie 1966, pp. 1-16. 90 For the date see Heinen 1972, pp. 100-117. 91 G. R. Edwards 1963, pp. 109-111; Grace 1963, pp. 319-334. These arguments are answered in Vanderpool, McCredie, and Steinberg 1964, pp. 69-75 and Kroll 1974, pp. 201-203. It may be appropriateto elaborate here on this answer, as regards the pottery. Edwards (loc.cit.)pointed out the substantial differences in shape between the low, solid plates nos. 12 and 13 and the deeper, thin-walled no. 58 and between the sturdy fish-plates nos. 19-22 and the deeper no. 18. (For these vessels see the illustrationin Vanderpool, McCredie, and Steinberg 1962, p. 40, fig. 8.) Invoking the principle of shape evolution, he suggested that the two deeper vessels should date at least as late as the second half of the 2nd century. The excavators countered with excavation records that show fish-plate no. 18 lying on the same floor with nos. 19-22. They also pointed out that the clay of both the purportedly late plates was unlike typical Attic fabric and suggested that, as imports, the vessels could not be dated on the basis of comparison with Attic pottery. I have myself examined these vessels and can attest to their unusual fabric. The fish-plate(no. 18) is made of a fine, soft, porous, pink fabric (7.5YR 7/4); the gray glaze is almost totally missing. The plate (no. 58) is made of a very hard fabric with a gray core, its surface gray with reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/6) streaks and patches; there is dull black glaze on the inside only. To my mind, the excavation records are a potent argument for the contemporaneity of the fish-plates,and the seemingly non-Attic fabricsprovide a sufficientexplanationfor the diversityin shape, for both no. 18 and no. 58. 92 Grace 1974, pp. 193-200. 93 Varoucha-Christodoulopoulou(1961, pp. 321-349) brings together chance finds from Helioupolis (southeast of Athens), Mikro Kavouri (west coast of Attica), Koroni, and nearby Markopoulo,which include a large number of Ptolemaic coins contemporary with those from Koroni, as well as arrowheads, sling bullets, and pottery. Further discussion of these sites, as well as the fortificationand related finds on PatroklosIsland and their connection with the Chremonidean War,is offeredby McCredie 1966, pp. 18-25, 30-32, 46-48, 113-115. Caskey drawsattention to pottery from Ayia Irini on Kea, contemporarywith material from Koroni and left behind, he believes, by Patroklos' forces (Caskey 1982, pp. 14-16). Perhaps also relevant is a lead sealing recently reported from Voula (AerX 42, B' 1, 1987 [1992]), bearing what may be a portraitofArsinoe II. 94 Lauter-Bufe 1989.

2. FIXEDPOINTSAND OTHERIMPORTANTCONTEXTS

32

it was abandoned. Its original purpose would have been to protect the bay of Porto Raphti, which could have served as an alternativeto Peiraieus,which was dominated by a Macedonian garrison during much of the 3rd century. This suggestion has much to recommend it. Nonetheless, if the site was occupied by Athenians for twenty yearsbefore the arrivalof Egyptian troops, it is odd that so few Athenian coins, and so few early coins, were found. There is also very little demonstrably early pottery. Lauter-Bufesingles out three pieces: a guttus, an unguentarium, and a trefoiljug.95 The guttus probably is early, although the parallel cited is from Chatby and is not Attic. Both Lauter-Bufeand the Koroni excavatorspoint to an olpe from Chatby as a parallel for the trefoil jug; but the two are of different forms, one having a trefoil mouth, the other a round one, and the comparison is inconclusive. Lauter-Bufedates the unguentarium in the early 3rd century on the basis of comparison with examples from Chatby and from Gela. These, however, are of different fabrics from the gray ware of the Koroni vessel. Different unguentarium traditions developed along markedlydifferentlines, and comparisonsbetween vessels of differingfabricsare not valid for chronological purposes. When compared to unguentariaof similar fabric, the vessel can best be placed in the second quarter of the 3rd century.96 One of the fish-plates (no. 22) and one of the plates (no. 13) are roughlycomparableto materialfrom Menon's Cistern and could date in the 270's;97but the other examples of these shapes are more advanced than those from the Agora deposit (see p. 24 above). But even if the beginning of settlement on the promontory was earlier than the excavators that is crucial to the maintained, it is the final date tpottery chronology, and that date remains The material is useful because it includes unchallenged. particularly well-preservedexamples of such characteristicand sensitive shapes as kantharoiand plates. Care must be taken, however,in using this material. Most of it is Attic, but there are some pieces of unusual fabric that apparently are not98 and cannot usefully be compared with Athenian ceramics. It is also well to remember that, while in use at the same time, not all the objectswere necessarilymade at the same time. The kantharoi (nos. 14-15, 35-38) are very uniform, but the Attic plates (nos. 12, 13) and fish-plates (nos. 19-22) show a fair amount of variation.99We can maintain only that the latest pieces must date before the end of the war in 262/1. The soldiers might have acquired their crockery new when they arrived,but more plausibleperhapsis the excavators'suggestionthat they requisitioned it from local households.100The Rhodian transportamphoras, for example, seem to have been made in the 270's, and so were enjoying a second use as water containers, doubtless picked up here and there in the area.101 But different types of pottery have different life expectancies.102 The plates are sturdy and likely to have survived for a fairly long time, but the more fragile kantharoi were probably not very old at the time of their acquisition. It would be difficult to date them much earlier than ca. 270. 95

Lauter-Bufe 1989, pp. 99-100. Vanderpool, McCredie, and Steinberg 1962, nos. 8, 39, and 42, pp. 33, 37-38

pl. 21.

96 Cf P 18472 (Young 1951b, no. 13:5, p. 129, pl. 54:a), from C 17:2. 97 Cf. Vanderpool, McCredie, and Steinberg 1962, nos. 13, 22, pp. 33, 35, fig. 8, pl. 20 and Stella G. Miller 1974, nos. 39, 43, pp. 234-236, fig. 5, pl. 32. 98 Vanderpool, McCredie, and Steinberg 1962, no. 18, p. 35, fig. 8, pl. 21 (fish-plate);no. 58, p. 39, fig. 8 (plate). See comments in G. R. Edwards 1963, pp. 109-111; Vanderpool, McCredie, and Steinberg 1964, pp. 69-71; and note 91 above. 99 Vanderpool, McCredie, and Steinberg 1962, p. 40, fig. 8, and pl. 20. 100Vanderpool, McCredie, and Steinberg 1962, pp. 58-59. 101 Grace 1974, p. 197. 102 P. M. Rice 1987, pp. 296-299, with extensive bibliography.

THE PEIRAIEUSCISTERN

33

THE VARI HOUSE An isolated farmhouse, devoted largely,it seems, to apiculture,was excavated in 1966 in the hills above Varkiza, on the west coast of Attica.103 Although some traces of late-5th-century activity on the site were found, the structurethat was excavatedseems to have existed for a relativelyshort period of time, perhaps two generations, in the later 4th and earlier 3rd century. It was then abandoned and apparently dismantled, to judge from the fact that little complete pottery and only a few fragments of roof tiles were found.104 The pottery was scrappy and not abundant, but the site is nonetheless a useful point of comparison since the material received very complete publication and covers a limited period of time. There is no independent evidence for the date of occupation. On the basis of comparisonwith material from the Hedgehog Well (O 18:2) and the Demeter Cistern (F 16:1) in the Agora, and with pottery from Koroni, the excavatorsconcluded that the house was in use between the third quarterof the 4th century and the firstquarterof the 3rd,105a conclusion that still seemsjustified. A small fragment of a red-figuredbell krater(no. 1)marksthe beginning of the span, while the end is indicated by no. 16, a kantharos perhaps a shade earlier than examples at Koroni.106 The presence of what appears to be true West Slope decoration (nos. 16, 17, 23)107also suggests a closing date towards the end of the first quarter of the 3rd century. The Vari House is precisely the type of establishment that might have furnished Ptolemaic soldiers with pottery and building materials for their encampments. One might well imagine the inhabitants decamping at the prospect of military operations in the area. Irini VarouchaChristodoulopoulou reported Ptolemaic coins, an arrowhead, and a sling bullet found during building operations on the coast below, at Mikro Kavouri, and suggested that walls discovered there might have been another Ptolemaicfortifiedcamp.108It is not impossible,then, that military activity connected with the Chremonidean War caused the abandonment of the Vari House.

THE PEIRAIEUS CISTERN A large, flask-shaped cistern in Peiraieus was excavated in 1965 by the Greek Archaeological Service and published some years later by Ingrid Metzger.109It contained a number of stamped amphora handles, the latest datable late in the first quarterof the 2nd century.110Metzger dated the pottery from the cistern in the last quarter of the 3rd century and the first half of the second. I argued in AgoraXXII, on the basis of the moldmade bowls, that the cistern remained open beyond the middle of the 2nd century. Subsequent researchon this and other pottery now make additional comment possible. 103

Jones, Graham, and Sackett 1973. Jones, Graham, and Sackett 1973, p. 372. 105 Jones, Graham, and Sackett 1973, pp. 414-418. 106 Jones, Graham, and Sackett 1973, nos. 1, 16, pp. 374, 376, fig. 5, pls. 71-73. 107 Jones, Graham, and Sackett 1973, nos. 16, 17, 23, pp. 376-377, fig. 5, pls. 72, 73. 108 Varoucha-Christodoulopoulou 1961, pp. 327-328, 332, 341-342; for further comment see McCredie 1966, 104

pp. 30-32. 109 I. R.

110

Metzger 1973. AgoraXXII, pp. 111-112.

34

2. FIXEDPOINTSAND OTHERIMPORTANTCONTEXTS

Six fragments of long-petal bowls are reported, one made in a worn mold.111 The fully developed form of this type of moldmade bowl is usually dated after ca. 150 in Athens, although its earlier stages can probably be placed in the second quarter of the 2nd century.112The bowls from the Peiraieus Cistern, however,belong to the developed phase, large numbers of which do not occur in Agora deposits before the third quarter of the century. Other pottery in the cistern also supportsa date after 150 for its final deposit. The fish-plateno. 37113has a rather small foot, its diameter less than half that of the rim, the earmarkof fish-platesmade after the middle of the century. The bowls with outturned rims (nos. 41-54)114 also have small feet, typical of examples of the third quarter of the century and later. Another of the moldmade bowls (no. 100) finds three parallels in the Agora, two of them from securely dated deposits of the second half of the century.115Some of the unguentariaare long and thin, with solid stems, similar to examples from later 2nd-century deposits,116and the later of the two table amphoras (no. 85) finds its closest parallel in a vessel discarded at the end of the third quarter of the century.l17 Thus, although much of the pottery and all of the amphora handles date in the first half of the century,the many parallelswith slightlylater materialsuggest that the pottery was discardedat about the same time as Group D, perhaps ca. 140. The absence of later stamped amphora handles is puzzling but not without parallel. 18

SULLAN DESTRUCTION DEBRIS In 87 B.C., under the leadership of Aristion and with the support of Mithridates VI's general Archilaus, Athens joined the cause of the Pontic king against Rome. The Roman general Sulla responded by besieging the city and its port, taking the city on March 1 of the following year.119 After a long siege and blockade, duringwhich the Athenians sufferedseverelyfrom hunger,Sulla's men were able to scale a poorly manned section of the defenses. A stretch of the city wall between the Sacred Gate and the Peiraieus Gate, some 300 meters to the south, was dismantled, and Sulla's forces entered the city by night through this gap. The Athenians put up no resistance, and Sulla gave his men leave to plunder the town and kill its inhabitants. The slaughtercontinued until dawn when, at the urging of Athenian exiles and Roman senators, the general relented and spared the remaining citizens. Ancient sources agree that the loss of life was very great, and much of the killing seems to have taken place in the Kerameikos, that is, the area of the Dipylon and the Agora. l' I. R. Metzger 1973, nos. 90-95, pp. 61-62, pl. 12; no. 90 made in a worn mold. 112 On the date of long-petal bowls in Athens see Rotroff 1983, pp. 274-275, note 67; Rotroff 1987a, p. 190; Rotroff 1988a, pp. 91-93. 113 I. R. Metzger 1973, no. 37, p. 49, fig. 2. 114 I. R. Metzger 1973, nos. 41-54, pp. 50-53, fig. 3, pl. 10. 115 Compare I. R. Metzger 1973, no. 100, p. 63, pl. 10 with P 3377 (H. A. Thompson 1934, E 79, pp. 406-409, 96:a, b), P 20050 (AgoraXXII, no. 375, p. 88, pl. 66), and P 31140 (Rotroff 1987a, p. 191 [not illustrated]). fig. 116 I. R. Metzger 1973, no. 138, p. 71, pl. 19 is similar to P 28429 (P 20:2) and P 8029 (E 6:2, lower fill). 117 I. R. Metzger 1973, no. 85, pp. 59-62, pl. 11; cf. 429. 118 Cf. E 15:4 (Rotroff 1987a, pp. 190-191). 119 An account of the siege and capture of Athens and Peiraieus appears in Plutarch, Sulla 13-14; Appian, Mith. 30-39; Pausanias 1.20.5-7.

SULLANDESTRUCTIONDEBRIS

35

Although Sulla forbade the burning of the city, the physical destruction was nonetheless considerable. Excavationin the Kerameikosindicates that the Pompeion and buildingssouth and east of the Sacred Gate were destroyed.l20 Many monuments in the Agora also show signs of damage that may be ascribed to the attack:the Royal Stoa and the Arsenal above it, on the north flank of the Kolonos Agoraios; the Tholos, the New Bouleuterion, and the nearby Monument of the Eponymous Heroes; the Southwest Fountain House, South Stoa II, and other structures around the south square; the Poros Building that perhaps served as the state prison, outside the southwest corner of the Agora.121 Stretches of the Great Drain beyond the southwest corner of the Agora square were damaged and abandoned.122 Tangible evidence of the attack is also preserved on the slopes of the Akropolis, where debris including arrowheads and sling bullets was found in the antechamber of the Klepsydra.123Excavationselsewhere in the city have also from time to time produced rich late Hellenistic deposits suggestive of Sullan destruction.124 A number of deposits excavatedto the west and south of the Agora square can be identifiedas Sullan destruction debris. There are two chief earmarksof these deposits: stamped Knidian amphora handles of period VI B, the second half of the span during which the duoviriwere named on the stamps (97-88 B.C.),and Athenian bronze coins displayinga starbetween crescentsas a symbol on the reverse, minted shortly before Sulla's attack.125Since the date of the destruction is fixed by historical circumstances, these deposits provide invaluable evidence for the latter part of the chronology of Hellenistic pottery. They also hold out the hope of synchronismsbetween Athenian ceramics and material from elsewhere, since other cities also sufferedin the Mithridaticwars.126 With the possible exception of a single strosisat the southwest corner of the square (G 13:8), the Agora material presented here does not include any primary Sullan deposits, that is, layers of debris that have remained in situ since their initial deposit. Instead the deposits bear witness to the gradual cleanup of the wreckagethat must have lain over much of the area on the morning of March 1, 86 B.C. Over the following century this material was swept up and deposited in convenient places, usually wells and cisterns, and in the course of these activities, a few later objects entered the debris. Out of twenty-three deposits that have concentrations of the coins and amphora handles mentioned above, only eight are without any datable object later than 86;127I refer to these as "pure"Sullan debris, distinguishingthem from others that contain coins, 120

Knigge 1988, pp. 44, 82; Kerameikos X, pp. 139-140. Catapultballs found over the eastern part of the Pompeion bear graphic witness to the destruction (see ibid.,pl. 6:b). 121 H. A. Thompson 1990, p. 27; Camp 1986, p. 181. Royal Stoa: Shear 1971, p. 252. Arsenal: Pounder 1983, pp. 254-255. Tholos: H. A. Thompson 1940, pp. 57, 84, 90, 97, 102, 136. Bouleuterion: H. A. Thompson 1937, pp. 168-169, 223. Monument of the Eponymous Heroes: Shear 1970, p. 201. South Stoa II and south square: H. A. Thompson 1966, p. 43; AgoraXIV, p. 71. Poros Building:Vanderpool 1980, p. 21. 122 H. A. Thompson 1940, pp. 119-120; Young 1951a, pp. 262-263. See A-B 19-20:1; D-E 15:1; H 12:1. 123 Parsons 1943, pp. 240-241; see T 27:1. 124 E.g., on the south slope of the Akropolis(AeXk20, 1965, B' 1 [1967], pp. 32-33, pl. 32). Natalia Vogeikoffhas examined more Sullan debris from the south slope as part of her doctoral dissertation(Vogeikoff1993, pp. 128-155; 1994, pp. 42-45). See also AecX 19, 1964, B' 1 [1966], pp. 68-69, pl. 65, from Peiraieus. 125 For the Knidian amphoras handles see DelosXXVII, pp. 320-323 and Grace 1985, p. 31. For the coins see F. S. Kleiner 1975a, pp. 178-180. 126 Notably Delos, attacked by Mithridates in 88 B.C. Sullan destruction debris has also been identified at Halai, which was attacked by Sulla in 85 B.C. (Coleman 1992, pp. 276, 282). 127 A-B 19-20:1; B 22:4, lower fill; E 6:2, upper fill; F 13:3; G 13:8; M 20:1; N 19:1, middle fill; O 17:5. Two more deposits (C 10:1, M 18:2)are without later materialbut also lack the distinguishingcoins and amphora handles. Perhapsthey are slightly earlier and have nothing to do with the Sullan sack.

36

2. FIXEDPOINTSAND OTHERIMPORTANTCONTEXTS

amphoras handles, or pottery that can be dated anywhere from 75 B.C.to the 1st century after Christ.128 This reflects the slow process of reconstruction that one would expect after such a devastating event as Sulla's attack, one of the greatest disastersin the history of Athens. 128

Deposited ca. 75: C 8:1; G 14:2, upper fill; M 23:1; N 20:4. Deposited later in the 1st century B.C.:B 22:4, upper fill (after ca. 35 B.C.);D 12:2 (ca. 50 B.C. or later); E 14:3 (second half of 1st century B.C. or later); F 19:3 (second half of 1st century B.C.); Q 17:9 (end of 1st century B.C.); T 27:1 (after ca. 25 B.C.). Deposited in 1st century after Christ: A-B 19-20:2; D 11:3; D 11:4, middle fill; E 10:1; N 19:1, upper fill (Group F).

3 THE DECORATION OF Al'l'IC HELLTFNISTICPOlTTERY STAMPED DECORATION Hellenistic potters inherited the practice, invented in the middle of the 5th century,of stamping simple designs onto the floor of appropriatevessels. Sparkesand Talcott traced the development of this tradition from its beginnings through the second half of the 4th century.l By the latter part of the 4th century the repertoire had already been restricted to palmettes and rouletting. Because of the deepening proportionsof the kantharos,this shape was not stamped after ca. 325. Stamping was also omitted from the bowl-kantharosafter that date. It continued, however, to be a regular decorative element on both the echinus bowl and the bowl with outturned rim and on the rolled-rim plate and sometimes the plate with thickened edge. In the last quarter of the 4th century various numbers of palmettes, linked by interlocking arcs, were used (see P1. 142). This scheme graduallywent out of use in favor of a monotonous pattern of four palmettes within rouletting (see Pls. 143, 144). Linked palmettes survivedlonger on plates than on bowls, probably because of the larger decorative field that this shape offered;bowls rarely carry the pattern after ca. 300, but it is still relativelycommon on plates of the early 3rd century,and occasional examples are found later in the century (659, 665). Stamped decoration was ultimatelyomitted entirely but survivedlonger on some shapes than on others. Stamping on the echinus bowl is mostly limited to its Classicalform, which went out of production around 275, although a smattering of later instances are known (1012, 1032). A few examples of the mid-2nd century (1012-1014) seem to imitate the decoration of the footed hemisphericalbowl, which was introducedat that time (see p. 164 below). Stamping continued to at least the middle of the 2nd century on bowls with outturned rims, while on rolled-rimplates it is limited to the 3rd century. In the last quarter of the 3rd century, on both plates and bowls, very small stamps became common and are normal on stamped bowls of the 2nd century (e.g. 903, 1032). On the broad-basedbowl, where the small area availablehad always restricteddecoration to four palmettes in a cross arrangement (e.g. 1050), decoration was omitted after ca. 300. Stamping was also applied to a number of new Hellenistic shapes. Widely spaced palmette stampswere placed within roulettingon imitation Knidian cups and beveled bowls of the firsthalf of the 2nd century (e.g. 399, 1037); after mid-century, rouletting was used alone. Rouletting, rarely with stamps, is a regular feature of some of the new shapes that were introduced around the middle of the 2nd century, possibly in imitation of Italian prototypes: footed hemispherical bowls (1039, 1041, 1043), bowls with vertical upper walls (963, 964), and plates with offset rims (838-846) and upturned rims (847-853). Note that the rouletting is not confined within inscribed lines, as is often the case in contemporary Campana ware. There are also a few unusual stamps. Two vessels dating in the second half of the 2nd century have what appear to be seal impressions. The stamp on 690, showing a bird in an oval field, may come from a signet ring or seal. The round stamp on 935, a bowl with outturned rim, shows an owl sitting on an amphora and resembles the reversesof Athenian New Style coins. 1

AgoraXII, pp. 22-31.

38

3. THE DECORATIONOF ATTICHE..,ENISTIC POTTERY

There is development in the style of the rouletting,with rather fine rouletting persisting until ca. 275, when it was replaced by a coarser pattern with thicker,more widely spaced lines (cf. 638 and 647 with 661 and 886). Later, rouletting was occasionally used in a new way, to cover relatively large areas of a variety of shapes; this occurs most commonly on both the interiors and exteriors of hemispherical cups (324, 325, 355, 374, 375). Its occurrence here is limited to the years around 200; examples cluster in deposits E 5:2 and F 17:4 and may come from a single workshop. It was used in a similarway on two rilled-rimplates (825, 826), probably of the same date. Rouletting also appears on two 3rd-centurygutti (1149, 1153) but is not as prominent a part of the decorative scheme as it is on the cups. The use of what may be makers'stamps is a Hellenistic innovation. The Agora has produced only a few examples on wheelmade pots, although parallels may of course be found among moldmade bowls and lamps.2 Such a stamp, incomplete, appears on a saucer of the first quarter of the 2nd century (753). It preservesnothing more than an initial E in a rectangularfield, but two more pieces (774, 775) possibly of this shape are stamped with the name eoyvtS;, though in much cruder letters. Potters' stamps occur more commonly on canteens, where the practice seems to be limited to the 2nd and early 1st century (1204, 1206, 1209-1212, see p. 186). A partial stamp reading ]MANOT appears on the rim of a krater with lug handles (595) dating in the last quarter of the 3rd century. Vessels of this shape may have had an official use in the context of the lawcourts, and the stamp could be an indication or guarantee of capacity rather than a maker'sname. Another traditionof stampingis seen on elaboratepyxis lids (1214-1216, 1218), and possibly feet (1339, 1340). Here an ovolo or egg and dart has been impressedon a reservedsurface,which may originally have been painted or gilded. This is a 4th-century phenomenon, surviving only into the earliest years of the Hellenistic period. PAINTED (WEST SLOPE) DECORATION ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT

West Slope pottery, characterized by overpainted designs in white and orange clay3 on a black-glazed background, replaced red figure as the standard painted pottery of Athens in the Hellenistic period. The genre takes its name from the area where it was firstfound and published in detail, the German excavations on the west slope of the Akropolis, south of the Areopagos, on the east side of present-day Dionysios the Areopagite Street. There in the 1890's Wilhelm D6rpfeld carried out excavations in an attempt to locate the Agora of the city.4 In the course of these investigations several private houses and their water supplies were excavated and the pottery found in them published in 1901 by Carl Watzinger.5 Beginning with nine pots from 2 For Attic XI, pp. 149-153. examples see AgoraXXII, pp. 40-41; AgoraIV, pp. 3-4, 214-220; Kerameikos

3 Since both elements of the painted decoration appear to be forms of clay, I have generally referred to them simply by their colors. I have occasionally,however,used the traditional term "added clay" to refer to orange-buff overpainting. 4 DOrpfeld 1894, pp. 496-509. 5 Watzinger 1901 (West Slope is treated on pp. 67-102). Further investigations were carried out in this area in the 1960's and additional pottery deposits recovered (E 29:1, E 29:2). See H. A. Thompson 1966, pp. 51-53; AgoraXIV pp. 180-182.

PAINTED (WEST SLOPE) DECORATION

39

a well of the 2nd century,6Watzinger went on to describe similar vessels from elsewhere in the excavations, augmenting his study with pottery in various European collections. From this work the type came to be known as Keramik vomWestabhang, or Westabhangkeramik (although Watzinger himself did not use the term), translated as West Slope Ware and established by Thompson in 1934 as the standard English term.7 Other designations have sometimes been used,8 but none has been generally adopted. The term is perhaps better adjusted to "West Slope Technique"9 since what is designated is not a ware but a type of decoration. Since Watzinger'stime Attic West Slope has received further study by Homer Thompson,0l and useful collections of Attic material from the Kerameikos, Peiraieus,Aigina, and Alexandria have been published."1 Local West Slope pottery from many other sites has also been published and some of it studied in detail, providinga betterpicture of the technique as employed in different parts of the eastern Mediterranean.12 The western Mediterranean version, "Gnathia"pottery, which was made at various centers in South Italy, has received more intensive study,13which also helps to put Attic West Slope in perspective. The technique was not new to Hellenistic Athenian potters. It had enjoyed a brief vogue in the late Archaic period as "Six's Technique", which in its fullest development combined red and white paint and incision.14 Added orange clay decoration, without white or incision, is also found in the figures and floral decoration of a series of 5th-century choes,15and garlandsin white 6

Watzinger 1901, nos. 1-9, pp. 67-72, pls. III, IV. Most of these date before ca. 175, but the well produced a moldmade filterjug, a shape not documented in the Agora before the early 1st century. Watzinger illustratednot this piece but a better preservedexample in the National Museum (Watzinger1901, no. 5, pp. 69-70). Its moldmade decoration, with semicircles and lotus petals, is of a type unknown before the middle of the 2nd century; Callaghan (1978b, pp. 53-60) argues that it was introduced in 150. The jug in the National Museum is signed by Ariston, who was probably active in the late 2nd and early 1st century (see AgoraXXII, p. 40). It is possible, however,that the vase from the well is of an earlier type; Watzingermentions no semicircles,only lotus petals, a scheme documented at Corinth before 146 (CorinthVII, iii, pp. 184-185) and beginning in Athens before ca. 150 (AgoraXXII, pp. 37-38). Watzinger 1901, nos. 10-16 (pp. 72-74) come from elsewhere in DOrpfeld'sexcavations; nos. 17-34 (pp. 74-84) are comparablevases in museum collections. Many are Attic, but no. 20 (pp. 75-76) is from Crete; no. 34 (pp. 83-84) is Boiotian; nos. 22, 28-30, and 32 (pp. 77, 80-82) are also probably not Attic. 7 H. A. Thompson 1934, p. 311. 8 "Glazed painted ware" (SwCyprusExp IV, iii, p. 56); "decorated glazed ware" (TarsusI, p. 158); "light on dark decoration" (Antioch IV, i, p. 28).

9 Corinth VII, iii, p. 20.

10 H. A. Thompson 1934, pp. 438-447. 11 Braun 1970, p. 167; I. R. Metzger 1973, pp. 82-84; Charitonides 1981, pp. 161-187; Alt-AginaII, pp. 68-76; Pagenstecher 1913, pp. 13-20, pl. XII; Sciatbi,pls. XXXV, XXXVI, XLIX, LIII-LVI. 12 In Greece: EretriaII, pp. 18-23; I. R. Metzger 1984, pp. 212-216, 231-233, pls. 62-64 (Eretria);FdD V, i, 171-174 Benton pp. 1938-1939, pp. 32-33, pl. 15 (Ithaca);Corinth (Delphi); VII, iii, pp. 20-26; OlBerIII, pp. 52-55 Delos XXVII, pp. 250-251, pl. 44; Brock and Young 1949, pp. 61-62, pl. 21:25-36 (Siphnos);Anderson (Olympia); 1954, pp. 149, 153-154, 168, fig. 17, pl. 1l:a-c (Chios); SamosXIV, pp. 153-155, figs. 246, 248-250; Patsiada 1990, pp. 105-210 (Rhodes, with much Attic and Pergamene material); Callaghan 1981a, 1984 (Crete). In Asia Minor: Mitsopoulou-Leon 1978, pp. 113-123; EphesosIX, ii/ii, pp. 32-54 (Ephesos);PF II, pp. 45-63 (Pergamon); Labraunda II, i, pp. 16-17; TarsusI, 158-163. In the Levant:AntiochIV i, p. 28; SamariaIII, pp. 236-239. Forti 1965; Webster 1968; Green 1968; 1976. '3 14 Six 1888a; 1888b. For more recent discussions see Haspels 1936, pp. 106-107; Philippaki 1967, pp. 25-29; Haspels 1969; Boardman 1974, p. 178. 15 Green 1970.

3. THE DECORATIONOF ATTICHEIT.ENISTICPOTTERY

40

and orange, sometimes in combination with reserving,adorn 5th-century skyphoi.16West Slope decoration, however, does not seem to have grown out of this tradition. More meaningful antecedents may be found in 4th-century Attic pottery. On red-figured vases of the Kerch style, white was increasingly used for contrast,l7 and added clay, applied thicklyso as to stand in relief and then gilded, was used to representmetal objects such asjewelry, scepters, and horse trappings.18 Gilded clay necklaces or garlands also surround the necks of several Kerch vases.19 Similar subsidiary ornament occurs on the closely related polychrome relief vessels that were made in Athens and elsewherefrom the late 5th through the 4th century.20 A spearhead necklace, which was to become a common West Slope motif, is found around the neck of one of the earliest examples of this type, a chous of the end of the 5th century;21this same necklace, as well as garlands of ivy, myrtle, and olive, appears later on polychrome relief ware ranging in date throughout the 4th century.22 These garlands and necklaces figure much more importantly,however,on the gold-decoratedvessels studied by Giinter Kopcke.23 On these pots, which are generally of very high quality,delicate added-clay ornament, subsequentlygilded, was the sole embellishment. Their similarity to West Slope vessels is obvious, but they never carry the white or incised decoration of true West Slope. Gold-decorated pottery was produced throughout the 4th century in Athens (as well as in South Italy,along the north shore of the Black Sea, and elsewhere),and although the motifs sometimes have affinitieswith red-figureddecorative bands, the inspirationprobably comes from metalwork.24A number of extant silver vases of the same shapes have engraved, gilded decoration. Gilded ivy and grapevines appear on the upper bodies of calyx-cups from Varbitza (Bulgaria)and Ithaca respectively.25 A chased and gilded spearhead necklace hangs between the handles of a bowl-kantharosfrom the Quarantine Road graves at Kerch and of a hydria in the Benaki collection.26 A chased and gilded oak garland and grapevine are found on the shoulder of an oinochoe, also from the Quarantine Road Graves.27 Similar decoration occurs also on metal vessels of shapes that are not so closely paralleled in 16 Shear

1970,C 2, p. 211, pl. 56 andotherpieceslistedthere;RotroffandOakley1992,nos. 142, 144,pp. 97-98,

pl. 43. 17 Schefold 1934, passim. 18 E.g., Schefold 1934, no. 18, pl. 2 (necklace), no. 161, fig. 58 (tiara and necklace), no. 252, fig. 25 (necklaces), horse trappings),no. 369, pl. 32 (necklaces),no. 370, fig. 59, pl. 32 (necklace,bracelet, crown, no. 284, pl. 50 (kanoun, scepter). 19 Schefold 1934, no. 151, figs. 76, 77, no. 190, fig. 35, no. 195, figs. 4, 5, no. 370, pl. 32. 20 For a thorough study see Zervoudaki 1968. 21 Zervoudaki 1968, no. 59, p. 32, pl. 4:3. Kopcke (1964, p. 64) was bothered by the stylistic gap between the necklace on this piece and those on later vases, but from the point of view of iconography, the chous marks the beginning of the series. 22 Zervoudaki 1968, no. 9, p. 16, pl. 22:1; no. 42, p. 29, pl. 24:1; no. 62, p. 33, pl. 5:1; no. 64, p. 33, pl. 5:2; no. 68, p. 34, pl. 25:2 (AgoraP 6728 [for a better illustrationsee Kopcke 1964, no. 213, p. 46, pl. 36:2]); no. 69, p. 34, pi. 25:1; no. 70, p. 34, pl. 26:2, 3 (better illustration in Kopcke 1964, no. 212, p. 45, pl. 35); no. 71, pp. 34-35, pl. 26:1; no. 78, p. 37, pl. 23:1; no. 110, p. 44 (Kopcke 1964, pl. 11:3). 23 Kopcke 1964, pp. 22-84. Forlack of any stratigraphicevidence, Kopcke'sdates are mostly based on style alone and probably need revision. Another importantgroup of this pottery was later published by Roos (1974, pp. 31-33). 24 Kopcke 1964, pp. 64-65. 25 Filow 1934, no. 3, pp. 172-173, figs. 188, 189; Strong 1966, p. 100, fig. 23, pl. 25:B. 26 Reinach 1892, pl. XXXVIII: 1; Strong 1966, p. 95, pl. 30:B; Segall 1938, no. 38, pp. 50-51, pl. 15. 27 Reinach 1892, pl. XXXVIII:3.

PAINTED(WESTSLOPE)DECORATION

41

pottery.28Although most of these silver pieces date later than the 4th century,it still seems likely that earlier vessels in the same tradition inspired the ceramic versions. If Michael Vickers is correct in asserting that ancient silver normally had a black tarnish,29the resemblance between clay and silver examples would have been striking. Ultimately, inspiration may have come from the actual practice of placing a wreath around a mixing or pouring vessel at a symposium,30 a custom that finds a macabre echo in the gold wreath around the neck of the ash urn in the "Prince'sTomb" at Vergina.31 It has often been asserted that West Slope decoration originated in Athens,32 and given the fact that it appears to develop from gold-decorated pottery best attested in Athens, this is reasonable. Evidence is accumulating, however, that Attic West Slope is only one of many variationson this decorative technique and demonstrablynot the earliest. Overpaintingwas used for closely similar decoration considerably earlier in Apulia, chiefly in the region of Taranto, where Gnathia pottery decorated in white, red, and other colors was produced as early as the 360's. Later in the 4th century, imitations were produced in Etruria, Campania, Paestum, and Sicily.33 Athenian West Slope is generally seen as a parallel development, and some hints of reciprocal influence between the two have been detected.34 The relationship between Attic West Slope and Gnathia remains unclear, but the latter was in the last stages of its development when West Slope was just beginning. Very little Gnathia pottery has been found in Athens. It is intriguing, however, that the two pieces from the Agora date in the early 3rd century,35 precisely when Attic overpainted pottery was making the transition from gold decorated to West Slope, which more closely resembles Gnathia; the possibility that the Athenian painters owed something to their South Italian colleagues should not be dismissed. But other influences were also at work. In a recent paper, Ian McPhee has presented a series of Corinthian bell-kraters decorated in added clay, white, and incision. These are firmly dated in the 4th century and show evidence of influence from, and upon, Gnathia kraters of the same shape.36 Corinthian pottery too, then, may have influenced the Athenian potter as he developed the Attic version of the technique. West Slope and gold decoration are often thought of as two different types of ornament; as Thompson's 1934 study makes clear, however, the transition from one to the other was gradual, 28

no. 157, p. 181, pl. 26); a rhytonfrom Borowo (Gold E.g., a situla from tomb III at Vergina(TheSearchforAlexander, derThraker,no. 288, pp. 134, 146); an unguentarium (Oliver 1977, no. 19, pp. 50-51); a pyxis and amphoriskos from Bolsena (nos. 22, 23, p. 55); an alabastronand a shallow bowl from Iran (nos. 34, 44, 70, 80-81). pp. 29 Vickers 1985, pp. 109-110, Vickers and Gill 1994, pp. 126-129; for an opposing view see Boardman 1987. But even if black were not a preferred patina, some people must have neglected to polish their silver, and this might have given a potter an idea. 30 C. W. Lunsingh Sheurleer 1936, p. 139; Kopcke (1964, p. 60) disagrees on the grounds that the wreaths are not naturalistically depicted. But the custom could have inspired the design without the representations being naturalistic. 31 Andronicos 1984, p. 203, fig. 165. 32 H.A. Thompson 1934, pp. 446-447; R. M. Cook 1960, p. 206; Labraunda II, i, p. 16; SamosXIV, p. 153. 33 Green 1976, pp. 1-2; see also Webster 1968, pp. 3-4. 34 Green 1976, p. 1 and note 2 on p. 25; Green 1979, p. 85. 1636. Green 35 1635, (1979, pp. 80-85) lists Gnathia pottery from the eastern Mediterranean;the Agora pieces are his nos. 4 and 5, pls. 20, 21. 36 McPhee 1994; 1997, pp. 134-137.

42

3. THE DECORATIONOF ATTICHELL,ENISTICPOTTERY

and it is more accurate to see them as two phases in the development of Attic overpaintedpottery. The link between the two is clear from their shared repertoire of shapes and decorative motifs. Some of the shapes common in gold-decoratedtechnique never carry true West Slope decoration: the calyx-krater,hydria, pelike, lebes, amphora of Panathanaic shape (but note the lid, 1329), and loutrophoros. Except for the last two, they had probably gone out of use by the time the West Slope phase was reached. But a number of the most popular gold-decorated shapes are also common in early West Slope (kantharos,cup-kantharos,calyx-cup, bowl-kantharos,and pyxis), which further suggests a close connection between the two types of decoration. The number of motifs employed in the gold-decorated phase is much smaller,but almost all survive into the early West Slope phase (see Graph 1). Exceptions are the boukranion (entirely lacking in Attic West Slope) and the palmette and wheat (which do, however,reappear in later West Slope). State of preservationsometimes makesit difficultto draw a clear line between the two varieties of decoration. White can disappear completely, although it usually leaves some trace, if not of white, then of an area that has fired to a differentcolor (a "ghost"). Kopcke assumed that pieces with added white were never gilded and that all Classical pieces were originally gilded.37 The gilding, however,is extremely delicate and is rarelypreserved,especiallyon pieces like those in the Agora, which did not have the benefit of careful interment in a grave but were broken, knocked about, and finally discarded in wells, cisterns, and other fills. So far as I know, gilded ornament has not been found with added white. It seems almost certain, however, that some pieces that now have only clay decoration were never gilded, and these may represent a logical step in the development towards true West Slope. As a matter of economy, gilding could be omitted, producing a cheaper product that more people could afford to buy. Soon, to compensate for the lack of glitter in these ungilded pieces, white was added, used for contrast as it had been earlierin blackfigure and in Kerch vases. This marksthe beginning of the true West Slope technique. Once introduced, white became a standard feature, although it was almost always used for secondary decoration: rosettes, highlights, stems, fillets, and the like. Only in the very latest products of the tradition does white sometimes have as much weight as orange in the decorative scheme. Since the inclusion of white is a crucialfactor in the development of Attic overpaintedpottery, the date at which white was introduced is of considerable interest. Traces of white appear on two pots in Menon's Cistern, deposited ca. 275 (141, 311), although the pigment is now mostly missing. Traces also occur on a cup-kantharosfrom an approximatelycontemporary deposit (86) and on a kantharosfrom H 6:9 (34). White is not found on kantharoiwith special handles in the Agora, but the grapevine on a similar kantharosin Copenhagen may have had white accents,38 and it is found on a more elongated and later version of the shape.39 It is also found on 116, which appears to be related to kantharoi with special handles. White does not occur on the Classical bowl-kantharoswith plain rim. White is fully integrated into the decorative scheme of a fine series of kantharoi and cupkantharoidating between 275 and 260 (74-78, 85) and is a prominent part also of the decoration of a fine pyxis lid from a deposit laid down around 275 (1220, from R 13:9). The use of white for 37 Kopcke 1964, pp. 58-59.

38

CVA,Copenhagen 4 [Denmark 4], pl. 4 [184]:4. 39 Pagenstecher (1913, pp. 18-19, figs. 24, 25) illustratestwo examples, one from Egypt, the other from Athens.

PAINTED DECORATION (WESTSLOPE)

43

decorativeembellishment, then, was introducedin the course of the firstquarterof the 3rd century and was becoming important by about 275. Thereafter white was an increasinglyregularfeature of overpainted decoration, and in the later 3rd and 2nd century it was used on at least 80 percent of the overpainted pots. Later on incision was used, usually for details like the individual stems of leaves or the attachment of pendants in a spearhead necklace. Several examples have been found in deposit E 3:1 (e.g. 196), and so incision was probablyintroduced in the second quarterof the 3rd century. Only rarelywas it a prominent part of the decoration. In general we may say that the style of the earliestWest Slope pottery is delicate, with motifs in small scale executed with considerable care. Bolder and often sloppier painting began by the middle of the 3rd century and continued for the next century. Substantial stylistic change came only in the last quarterof the 2nd century,with the large, well-designedpatterns of the Large Leaf Groups. This style continued into the 1st century. MOTTLED OLIVER

The last stage of the development of Attic West Slope pottery is represented by a group of pieces distinguished by their red glaze40and a restrictedrepertoire of motifs, some of them new. This distinctive ware has gained the nickname "Mottled Oliver" from the mottling of the glaze and because a concentration of fragmentsof this ware was found byJames Oliver in 1934, when he was supervisingexcavation in the area of the Southwest FountainHouse.41 About fifty fragments from 35-40 vessels have been inventoried,all but one of them reversiblelids. The only other shape represented is a moldmade long-petal kantharos (615). Occasionally red glaze appears earlier in Hellenistic Athens, probablyas a resultof misfiring,although rarelywith West Slope decoration (e.g. 74, 193, 251). With these late pieces, however, red glaze is the rule, and we are dealing not with accidents of the kiln but with a deliberate change to red glaze, probably in imitation of the red wares, particularly Eastern Sigillata A, that began to be imported to Athens in the second half of the 2nd century. We should not discount, also, the possible influence of red-glazed painted wares like 1659-1664, which were also reaching Athens by the early 1st century. The mottled glaze that gives this group its name may have resulted from experimentation with a new firing process. The fabric is like that of earlier Hellenistic pottery,although large white inclusions are more common in the latest pieces. On the earliestpieces there is usuallyconsiderablemottling, although the main color is a dark red (ca. 2.5YR 4/8), which grades through dusky red (2.5YR 3/2) to black. The paint has usually adhered well, and the decoration is still easily visible. Later pieces are more often uniformly red (10R 4/6, 4/8), although mottling and darker shades continue to 40

Red-glazed overpainted pottery was also made locally at Corinth (Wright 1980, nos. 56, 58, p. 151, pl. 30, from a deposit laid down before A.D. 22/23), and later West Slope is sometimes fired red at Pergamon (Behr 1988, p. 104). For other instances of paint on a red-glazed surface, not necessarily late, see AntiochIV, i, p. 12, under no. 55; Adriani 1936, no. 4:1, pp. 144-145, figs. 64, 65; and an unusual cup from Corinth, apparently in ESA, with bold decoration in yellowish buff(H. S. Robinson 1969, no. 60, pp. 27-28, figs. 3, 10, pl. 3). 41 The name perhaps originated in a joke. The fragments found by Oliver were assembled in a drawer, which was then labeled "Mottled, Oliver" (drawerand label are still extant). Someone, perhaps Rodney Young, omitted the comma and called the pottery "Mottled Oliver". The name has long been used in the official Agora records (sometimes abbreviatedto "MO"), though not until recently in print (Rotroff 1992).

44

3. THE DECORATIONOF ATTICHEL.T.LNISTIC POTTERY

occur (2.5YR 4/2, 5YR 4/1, 5/4), and a few pieces are uniformly black (1289, 1303). The decoration is often almost invisible on these later pieces. The pots in question must be local, not imported, for they share characteristicswith the latest black-glazed Attic West Slope. The bead and reel and diagonal lines used as border patterns on reversiblelids and pyxis lids of the Large Leaf Groups are standardon Mottled Oliver lids, as is a "teardrop"asterisk on the knob. There are even some shared wall ornaments: spearhead necklace (cf. 1280 and 1302); trefoil garland (e.g. 615, 1235); ivy garland (cf. 1278 and 1284); and olive with incised stem (cf. P 337342 and 1292). In addition to these motifs, Mottled Oliver displayspalm fronds (1295), large wreaths bound with fillets (1301), and indistinct floralmotifs. Simple abstract motifs, such as lozenges (1286) and bead and reel (e.g. 1290), also appear. There are also motifs with cult associations:sistrum, Isis crown, scroll (e.g. 1295, 1296), Isis knot (1300), and Panathenaic amphora (1301). No examples of Mottled Oliver have been found in pure Sullan destruction debris, but similarity to early- st-century black-glazedWest Slope suggests that the ware began to be produced soon after the Sullan sack of 86 B.C. It is likely that many kilns sustaineddamage in the attack, and the rebuiltkilns may have been tailored to the productionof red wares. Most examples of Mottled Oliver come from contexts of the second halfof the st century. Mottled Oliver,then, is a local red ware that was developed shortly after 86 and continued to be made throughout the 1st century. Since the motifs are limited and distinctive,it may be of some use to list them here: Wall motifs Ivy garland: 1284, 1289, P 6007 Olive garland: 1292, 1293, P 4141 a, P 4168 + P 4178 Myrtle garland: 1288 Trefoil garland:615, 1287, 1294, P 4170 Wreath: 1301 Branch or feather: 1295 Palm frond: 1291(?), 1295 Lotus corolla: 1303 Indistinct floral motifs: P 4141 g Spearhead necklace: 1302

Sistrum:1295(?),,1,29, 1297, 1300

Isis knot: 1300 Lotus/Isis crown: 1295 Panathenaic amphora: 1301 Scroll: 1296-1298, 1299(?) Bird: 1295 Bead and reel: 1285, 1290, P 4116(?) Lozenge: 1286, P 4174 Border motifs Bead and reel: 1284, 1288, 1291,1292,1294,1295, 1298, 1301, P 4115, P 4141 a, P 4161, P 4162, P 6007 Dots: 1283, 1286, 1287, 1291, 1293, 1297, 1299, 1300, P 4116, P 4117, P 4141 c, P 6007 Running spiral: 1289, P 4141 d(?) 42

H. A. Thompson 1934, E 65a, p. 402, fig. 91; Rotroff 1991, no. 116, p. 101.

PAINTED(WESTSLOPE)DECORATION

45

Running dog: 1293, 1303 Diagonal lines: 1296, P 414, P 4141 e, P 4174 Knob motifs Teardrop asterisk:1284, 1286, 1288, 1289, 1291, 1293, 1295, 1297, P 414, P 6007 Cross: 1287, 1292, 1300 Flower: 1285 Rosette: 1283 SHAPES

West Slope started out with shapes and motifs inherited from the 4th-century gold-decorated style but quickly expanded this repertoire. True West Slope decoration, with white, appears on a number of shapes that are paralleled in the late Classical assemblage. Kantharos (both plain and molded rim) Cup-kantharos(both plain and molded rim) Kantharos with special handles Calyx-cup Chous (oinochoe, Shape 3) Unguentarium Pyxis lid: Type B Reversible lid On another group of Classical shapes, orange decoration occurs but never with white embellishment. These must therefore be placed outside the true West Slope shape repertory. One-handled mug Corinthian skyphos? (white may be present in an example in Brussels: CVA,Brussels 3 [Belgium 3], pl. 3 [138]:13) Spool saltcellar Other shapes with true West Slope decoration, while clearly closely related to Classical antecedents, are new varieties of these. Bowl-kantharos:Classical form, with outturned rim Bowl-kantharos:Hellenistic form Bowl-kantharos:variants Corinthian skyphos with turned foot West Slope plate Hellenistic guttus The following shapes are new creationsof the Hellenistic period and are found in true West Slope, except as noted. Bolster-cup Hellenistic kantharos Straight walled, large and small (no white used) Angular,large and small Angular, turned foot (no white used) Baggy Molded rim Moldmade

3. THE DECORATIONOF ATTICHE.IT.ENISTIC POTTERY

46

Hemispherical cup Cup with moldmade feet Net-pattern cup Cup with interior decoration (conical and hemispherical) Moldmade bowl Two-handled cup West Slope amphora (wheelmade and moldmade) West Slope oinochoe Pitcher with thin neck Smalljug with wide mouth (wheelmadeand moldmade) Situla Baggy askos (no white used) Krater Bolster-krater Moldmade krater Deep bowl: projecting rim Double cruet Canteen (one example, with incision only) Inkwell Lid Rectangular Base Miniatures:bolster-cup, baggy kantharos,two-handled cup, oinochoe, situla, bolster-krater, lug-handled krater Type 29 A lamp43 MOTIFS

Hellenistic pot painters inherited a small collection of motifs from gold-decorated pottery (see Graph 1). About twenty different designs appear on the pottery in Kopcke's study; four of the most important of these (olive garland, ivy garland, grapevine, and spearhead necklace) became standards of West Slope decoration throughout the Hellenistic period. Other motifs, like the myrtle garland, died out quickly but were occasionally revived later. Still others, like the boukranion, disappeared completely from Attic pottery. Yet others that were rare in golddecorated, such as the thymiaterion, played a larger role in West Slope. Figured scenes all but disappeared;only two have been found at the Agora, and of those only one is Attic (271). Hellenistic painters soon developed a large repertoire of natural motifs, man-made objects, and abstract designs. Most of the major ones were introduced in the first half of the 3rd century, probably in the years around 275, and were repeated throughout the subsequent two centuries, although a new motif was occasionally added (see Graph 2). Some may have arisen in imitation of much earlier pottery (see under Lattice, p. 65 below) or have had some special connection with particularfestivals(torches,branches, wreaths)or even with the political climate (the double cornucopia), but most are generalized symbols of festivity whose precise origins are impossible to trace. 43

L 1003: AgoraIV, no. 412, p. 95, pl. 41.

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In the following discussionmotifs are organized by type: naturalobjects (garlands,other floral motifs, other natural objects, figured scene), man-made objects, geometric motifs, inscriptions. Within these categories they are listed alphabetically.A summaryfollows, with the motifs listed in the chronological order of their introduction. For an alphabetical list of motifs, see the Motif Index. Motifs that never appear as anything other than subordinatedecoration (i.e., as borders, spacers, or ornaments to other motifs) are markedwith an S; those that appear only in Mottled Oliver are marked MO. NATURAL OBJECTS

FloralGarlands Grapevine withgrapes:Classical-250 B.C. (see Graph 1) Grapevine In gold-decorated pottery the grapevine appears both with and without bunches of grapes; both of these forms continued into the Hellenistic period. The grapevine with grapes probably went out of use by 250; it is most often found on pottery from deposits of the first half of the 3rd century (e.g. Group B, E 3:1) and rarely appears on vessels from later contexts. It occurs, of course, on Classical shapes (calyx-cup [122], cup-kantharos[89]) but also on shapes introduced in the early Hellenistic period: West Slope amphora (408, 409, 415), Hellenistic kantharos,44 and conical cup (335). withoutgrapes:Classical-86 B.C.(see Graph 1) Grapevine The grapevine without grapes persisted throughout the Hellenistic period, undergoing repeated simplification. The Classical version has somewhat naturalistic leaves and abundant tendrils, often accented with white, and is usually ornamented with rows of dots (e.g. 412). It is mainly restricted to the first half of the 3rd century, but there are a few later instances. The amphora 419, where the dots have developed into a border and are no longer integrated into the vine, perhaps dates ca. 235-225. Another late version, with elongated leaves, is illustrated by 832, which probably dates between 225 and 175. The Hellenistic painter soon developed a simplifiedgrapevine more suited to his taste. The leaves are usually on individual stems (petioles,in botanical terms), often loosely attached to a separate straight or wavy plant stem, and may no longer very closely resemble grape leaves (e.g. 208, 428, 587, 1223); often they alternate with dot rosettes or rectangles of tiny dots (e.g. 587, 1223). This simplification is seen on a fragment assigned to the Dikeras Group and dating in the early second quarter of the 3rd century (1223). The overlap with the more complex form described above is nicely illustratedby 832, where both versions of the grapevine are used. This form of the garland probably continued to be used into the second and early third quarter of the 2nd century,when it is found on several amphoras (427-430). In a further simplification, the leaves lose their organic relationship to the plant stem. The stem becomes a wavy line, and the leaves, at firstwith petioles but finallyjust individual,palmettelike motifs, are placed symmetricallyon either side; dot rosettes still appear often as spacers (e.g. 1235, 1273). This form of the motif first appears on pots from deposits of 225-175 (e.g., on the two moldmade kraters 601, 602), and it is well represented on a group of pieces dating in the late 2nd and early 1st century (1235, 1273, 1274). Some, from Group E, are certainlybefore 110. It is hard to know how long after that the motif survived, but there is a piece in Group F (1235), and it probably continued until the Sullan sack. 44 P 4065 (H. A. Thompson1934,B 23, p. 339, fig. 19).

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Ivy: Classical-75 B.C.(see Graph 1) Ivy is one of the most common motifs on gold-decorated pottery, and this popularity continued in the Hellenistic period. Simple ivy garlands appear frequently on early Hellenistic calyx-cups (119, 121) and kantharoi (e.g. 31, 105); they are also found with regularity on the early Hellenistic small kantharos with straight or angular wall (e.g. 174, 219, 230). Each leaf has its own petiole, and no separate plant stem is shown. Originally this was adequate, since the petioles were painted carefully, so that they always joined one another, and the impression of a continuous plant stem was created (e.g. 105, 121). Sometimes, however, the petioles did not connect (e.g. 219, 220), and the naturalistic effect was lost. To compensate for this, a wavy stem was added in white (e.g. 31, 190, 333, 820). This feature is present on a Classical kantharos(31) and on early examples of the Hellenistic kantharoswith angular wall (190, 194), and so was in use by the 270's at the latest. Another embellishment introduced in the early 3rd century is the white dot rosette, alternatingwith the ivy leaves (see below under Dot Rosette, p. 50). This form of the ivy garland, with and without dot rosette, was used throughout the Hellenistic period (see 210 and 364 for later examples) with increasing sloppiness and the gradual introduction of incision for the stem (193, 210, 480, 517). New versionsof the motifwere introducedlate in the firstquarterof the 3rd century. A favorite has a straight stem, often thickened and elaborated, from which ivy tendrils spring, alternating with dot rosettes. It occurs on vessels from early Hellenistic contexts (e.g. 311 from Menon's Cistern) and on Classical shapes (e.g. the cup-kantharos74), but it became much more popular later. At the beginning (ca. 280-250) the treatment could be delicate (74, 409, 460, 1152), but later painters were more heavy-handed (e.g. 240, 303, 341, 365). It is a favorite scheme of the 3rd century but is found also on later pieces (e.g. 436). In another version of the motif the leaves are completely divorced from a wavy stem and are placed symmetricallyin relationshipto it (245,

345, 351, 1271).

In its final stages (last quarter of the 2nd to first quarter of the 1st century) the ivy garland experienced a sort of rebirth. The scale became larger,with well-formed leaves, almost always alternating with white dot rosettes, attached to a white, wavy plant stem by painted (1275) or incised petioles (e.g. 438, 1151, 1279) or simply arrangedsymmetricallyon either side of the stem (e.g. 490, 1236). This form of the motif is characteristicof the Large Leaf Groups;it survivedthe Sullan sack and appears on early Mottled Oliver lids (e.g. 1284). Myrtle: Classical-275 B.C.,with a few later examples (see Graph 1) Myrtle is distinguishedfrom olive by the shape of its leaves, which are broad at the base and come to a point. The motif was extremely popular in gold-decorated pottery but rare after the early 3rd century. Possibly it was simply absorbed into the olive garland as sloppier painting obscured the differences between these two very similar motifs. At the Agora it appears almost exclusively on Classical shapes: cup-kantharos (70 [with gilding], 72); kantharos with special handles (110); Corinthian skyphos(157); oinochoe (473). It is found also on an early 3rd-century plate (829) and on the early Hellenistic version of the bowl-kantharos(142, 144). The only later instances in the Agora are the following:an amphora of the early third quarter of the 3rd century (414); a Hellenistic kantharos of ca. 225 (305); a lid of the first half of the 2nd century (1329); a kantharosfragment in Group E;45and a Mottled Oliver lid of the 1st century (1288). 45 P 3370 (H. A. Thompson 1934, E 68, p. 402, fig. 91).

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Olive: Classical to 10 B.C. (see Graph 1)

This simple garlandwith roundedleaveswas the most popular motif in gold-decoratedpottery and was taken over with enthusiasm by early Hellenistic painters. It is particularlycommon on small angular-walledkantharoibut occurs on many other shapes as well. The olives are omitted, except on a few examples of Classicalshape dating in the firstquarterof the century (26, 33). The stem may be horizontal, slightlysagging, or, more rarely,undulating. Sometimes in the firsthalf of the 3rd century,ribbons hang from the garland in swags (116).46 The leaves often point in opposing directions, meeting in the middle as though the garland consisted of two intertwined branches; this treatment is the usual one on Classical shapes (e.g. 29, 45) but is found also on Hellenistic kantharoidating as late as ca. 250-240 (e.g. 226, 303). On many Hellenistic pieces, however, the leaves all point the same way, and this became standard during the second half of the 3rd century (e.g. 229, 273). The stem of the garland could be overpainted white, doubled, thickened, decorated with a white wavy line, or incised (e.g. 272, 344, 345, 616, 1375), and the leaves were sometimes elaborated with white dots (e.g. 303, 346). These embellishments are probably all to be dated after ca. 250; the incised stem was extremely rare before ca. 175 (the only earlier instance is an uninventoriedfragment in the upper fill ofF 12:3, deposited in the second quarterof the 3rd century). The olive garland continued to be used sporadicallyuntil the end of the Hellenistic period, appearing in large scale, and always with an incised stem, on Mottled Oliver lids (1292, 1293). Trefoil Garland: 120-10 B.C. (see Graph 2) Although the trefoil garland appears earlierin other arts and in other types of pottery,47it is a late Hellenistic motif on Attic West Slope. It is one of a number of large, well-made designs introduced towards the end of the 2nd century,appearingmostly on the large pyxis lids typical of that time (1235, 1237, 1238) but occasionally also on smaller vessels (453).48 It is found on pots from post-Sullan cleanup and continued to be used on Mottled Oliver vessels of the 1st century

(e.g.615, 1294). Volute Garland (Volutenranke): Classical-275 B.C.(see Graph 1) This delicate motif consists of curlingtendrils,often garnished with white dots at the center of the volute, and three-lobed leaves, with groups of three small dots for embellishment. It is rare even in gold-decorated pottery and is found on only three examples in the Agora, all dating near the end of the first quarter of the 3rd century (143, 1144, 1218).49 Wavy-LineGarland: 225-175 B.c.?, with one later example A stylized garlandmade up of an orange wavy line and white dots appears on a few pieces (e.g. 1272), most of them found in deposits discarded around 175. Traces of a different form of the pattern, with a white stem and large orange dots, are preservedon a late Hellenistic pyxis lid.50 46 See also P 4066 (H. A. Thompson 1934, B 25, p. 339, fig. 19). 47 Callaghan 1980, pp. 33-47. 48 See also P 3187 (H. A. Thompson 1934, E 69, p. 402, fig. 91).

49 See also Braun 1970, no. 85, p. 140, fig. 85, a more advanced version, with incised stems. 50 P 25557 (Rotroff 1991, no. 105, p. 95, fig. 28, pl. 43).

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OtherFloralMotifs Branch: see Wreath/branch/fillet complex Branch or Feather (MO): 50-10 B.C. Two thin, pointed objects markedwith short, diagonal, incised lines make a single appearance on a large Mottled Oliver lid of the second half of the 1st century (1295). It is difficultto know if they are meant to represent trees, branches, wheat sheaves, or feathers; for further comments see pp. 194-195. Bunch of Grapes: 275-200 (see Graph 2) A bunch of grapes with three or four tendrils and a single grape leaf began to be used as a discrete motif around 275. The device is found on a cup-kantharosof the Dikeras Group (77), which dates near the end of the development of the shape, and on pots of the Ptolemy Group (314, 333). It was repeated with such great fidelity that it is tempting to ascribe most of the pieces on which it appears to the same hand. But the contexts and shapes of these vessels suggest too great a range of date to attribute all to the same artisan. While most can be placed in the second quarterof the 3rd century,a few date in the third quarter(e.g. 342, 343) and one probably in the fourth (421). This, a remarkablyelaborate amphora, bears a number of motifs that would be more at home earlier and may deliberatelycopy earlierpottery. Dot Rosette (S):late 4th century-86 B.C.(see Graph 2) The dot rosette appears only rarelyin gold decoration51but is an important subsidiarymotif in West Slope, used as an elaboration of a vine or garland or as a spacing motif between leaping dolphins. The earliest examples at the Agora are probably those on a Corinthian skyphos (156) and a pyxis lid of the elaborate type (1216), which probablydate before the end of the 4th century; in both cases the motifwas painted in orange. It occurson a cup with moldmade feet from Menon's Cistern (311), again in orange. Shortly after 275 it began to be painted in white, and the white rosette became a hallmarkof the West Slope style. Over half of the occurrences in Agora West Slope are in the ivy garland and the simplifiedgrapevine, of which the dot rosette became almost an integral part. Presumablyit startedas a substitutefor the berries that were sometimes added to ivy garlandson gold-decorated pottery. The dot rosette also appears, though less frequently,as a spacing device between leaping dolphins (e.g. 246, 334, 415, 831) and, rarely,as an independent motif (1280). It continued in use until the early 1st century but is not found in Mottled Oliver. Fillet: see Wreath/branch/fillet complex (pp. 51-53) Leaf(S): 275-190 B.C. A lobed leaf or, more rarely,an ivy leaf was sometimes used alone, usually as a spacing device or as subsidiary ornament. This is akin to the use of the palmette, except that the leaf is less stylized, retaining the vestiges of a stem. The motif is attested only seven times on inventoried examples: a cup-kantharosof the Dikeras Group (85) and a Classicalkantharos(35) of the second quarter of the 3rd century; a plate of the second half of the 3rd century (834); three Hellenistic kantharoi probably by the same hand (250, 260, 306, last quarter of the 3rd century); and a moldmade kraterfragment (P 21064, last quarterof the 3rd century or slightly later). 51

Kopcke 1964, no. 162, p. 43, fig. 32:6; no. 256, p. 50, fig. 43:4, dated by Kopcke in the last quarter of the 4th century; and Zervoudaki 1968, nos. 62, 64, p. 33, pl. 5:1, 2, end of the first quarter of the 4th century.

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Lotus Corolla: 225-175, 120-10 B.C. Lotus petals appear sporadically and always, it seems, in imitation of contemporaneous moldmade bowls. The lotus petals painted on the medallion of 837 and incised on that of 373 reflect the patterns on the bases of relief bowls of the period ca. 225-175.52 The larger corolla on 1277, with alternating rounded and pointed petals, is reminiscent of the lotus-corolla relief bowls of the late 2nd and early 1st century.53There is one instance in Mottled Oliver (1303). Palm Frond (MO): 50-10 B.C.

Palm fronds appear only once or twice, on Ist-centuryMottled Oliver lids (1291?, 1295). Palmette: Classical-86 B.C.(see Graph 1) Palmettes appear on gold-decorated pottery, but very few Agora West Slope pieces bear palmettes that are distinct in form from leaves. Those on 443 and 499 are true palmettes, but all other examples are less stylized and grade into the Leaf motif. There are not many instances. On four amphoras and one pitcher the palmette appearsin the center of the neck, usuallyabove a spearhead necklace (431, 440, 441, 443, 499); 499 is early Hellenistic, but three of the four amphoras date in the late Hellenistic period (ca. 120-86). Otherwise, palmettelike leaves appear on 433 (as a flanking motif), alternating with rectangles of dots on 347, and with petals in a rosettelikemotif on 1283. Rosette: 275-75 B.C. This rare motif, known in only about a dozen instances in Agora West Slope, appears most often as the medallion of a plate (835), bowl (1106), or hemispherical cup (364, 369) or on the knob of a reversiblelid (1280, 1283). Occasionally it occurs as a wall motif: on three 3rd-century pots (354, 413, 581) and on two late Hellenistic amphoras (442, 443). As a medallion motif it is usually simply a variation on the star motifs discussed below (p. 67), although it sometimes has a more floral appearance (1106).54 Its occurrence on an early piece of Mottled Oliver (1283) documents its survivalwell into the first quarter of the 1st century. Wheat: Classical-110 B.C. (see Graph 1)

A single stalk of wheat appears fairly commonly on gold-decorated pottery and is found on one early Hellenistic Corinthian skyphos at the Agora (155). It next appears in the middle of the 3rd century, when it is found on a bolster-krater(581), and then, in the first quarter of the 2nd century, on a hemispherical cup, a moldmade krater,and a large bowl or krater (372, 603, 1345).55 It turns up again on two late Hellenistic lids painted by the same hand, one of them in Group E (see 1281). Wreath/Branch/Fillet Complex (see Graph 2) This group of motifs was introduced around the end of the first quarter of the 3rd century. They do not always appear together,but two are often combined, and often in the same position on the pot. The whole complex (wreath, branch, and fillet) may derive from the imagery of 52 Cf. AgoraXXII, no. 55, p. 50, pls. 9, 74. 53 Cf. Watzinger 1901, no. 5, p. 69; AgoraXXII, nos. 359-363, p. 87, pls. 64, 65, 96. 54 See also P 4006 (H. A. Thompson 1934, C 12, p. 350, fig. 31). 55 See also I. R. Metzger 1973, no. 83, p. 59, pl. 11. For the motif on Sicilian bowls see Green 1979, p. 86, fig. l1, pl. 23.

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the victorious athlete; such an association is clear in a mosaic on Delos, where a wreath and a palm frond accompany a Panathenaic prize amphora.56The motifs occur on various shapes but most commonly on Hellenistic kantharoi, especially baggy kantharoi. It is tempting to suggest

that all these vessels come from a single workshop, the same workshop that at the end of the 3rd century made the incised-wave kantharoi, on which the fillets, in simplified form, appear in their normal flankingposition. Wreath:275-200 B.C., with one later example

The wreath has a plain stem, overpainted in white, and simple rounded leaves, often only towardsthe outside; it is tied with a bow at the top, with white ribbons hanging down from the tie. It rarely appears except flanked by or alternating with branches decorated with flowing white ribbons and stylized pairs of knotted, hanging fillets. The first appearance of the wreath is on two large Classical kantharoidating at the end of the first quarter of the 3rd century (34, 35). At this point the complex of wreath, branch, and fillets had not yet become canonical; the fillets,but not the branch, are found on 35, while the branch is present but the filletslacking on 34. Beginning around the middle of the 3rd century,this group of motifs had a brief vogue on baggy kantharoi (e.g. 234, 275) and, to a lesser degree, on other Hellenistic kantharoi and hemispherical cups (e.g. 215, 370), most of them dating between 250 and 210. On the latest of these (265), the other side of the pot carries the incised-wave pattern characteristicof a cohesive group of late-3rd-centurykantharoi. Here the hanging fillets appear repeatedly,and illogically,flanking the incised-wavepattern (e.g. 265, 268), which suggests that these two decorative complexes (wreath/branch/fillet and incised wave/fillet) are characteristic patterns of a single shop. The wreath disappeared from the repertoire before the end of the 3rd century but was revived a century and a half later,making a single appearance on a Mottled Oliver lid of the second half of the 1st century (1301). A cornucopia or tripod (see below) may replace the wreath in the center of this composition. Branch:275-200 B.C.

A spiky branch accented with white dots and ornamented with white ribbons may represent wheat or some special branch like the eiresione57 or an emblem of athleticvictory. It was introduced at the same time as the round wreath; the earliest instance is on a Corinthian skyphos, where two branches flank a tripod.58 It is usually a subsidiary motif, but in one early occurrence, on

a Classical kantharos, it is in the central position, flanked by wreaths (34). About half of the instances are on Hellenistic kantharoi, flankingwreaths or cornucopias in the scheme described above for the wreath; otherwise the branch flanks checkerboard-and-rectanglepanels (309) or leaping dolphins (202, 205) on 3rd-century kantharoi, or alternates with or flanks thymiateria (821, 830) or bunches of grapes (196, 822). It was used at least until the last quarter of the 3rd century. Knottedfillets: 275-200 B.C.

A pair of plain fillets, knotted at the top, appears almost exclusively as a flanking motif on kantharoi, mostly of the baggy variety. In the 3rd century it was part of the complex of central motif with flanking branches described above. It survived in an abbreviated form into the last 56

I am indebted to Roger Edwards for this insight. See Bruneau and Ducat 1983, pp. 251-253, fig. 97, from the House of the Trident. See also G. R. Edwards 1957, p. 348, pl. 87:G, a Hadra hydriashowing a Panathenaicprize amphora and branches decked with fillets. 57 For the eiresione see DarSag II, i, pp. 497-498; Nilsson 1940, pp. 36-40. 58 CVA,Brussels 3 [Belgium 3], pl. 3 [138]:13.

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years of the 3rd century,when it was used exclusively to flank the incised-wavepattern (e.g. 268, 269: see below under SpiralWaves,pp. 53-54); a slightly earlierbaggy kantharos(260) providesa precedent for this arrangement. Double fillets are not found after the end of the 3rd century. Fillets or the ends of ties, however,frequentlyhang down from the ends of garlandsor necklaces, from the Classical period down to the end of the Hellenistic period. OtherNaturalObjects Bird (MO): 50-10 B.C. The bird occurs very rarely on West Slope pottery59and makes only one appearance in Attic West Slope, on a large Mottled Oliver lid of the second half of the 1st century (1295). Here two incised birds appear with a series of fragmentary motifs that are difficult to interpret but may refer to the goddess Isis. If so, the birds may represent the sacred ibis of Egyptian cult. See pp. 194-195 for further comment. Dolphin and Wave Complex Dolphin:280-200 B.C., with two later examples (see Graph 2) The Dionysiac associations of the dolphin made it particularly suitable as decoration for drinking cups, and antithetical pairs of these creaturesare a common motif in 3rd-centuryAttic West Slope. The dolphins almost always leap above some representation of the sea, usually a turgid running spiral filled in with white below. Sometimes, however, the sea is representedby a set of diagonal lines topped by a white wavy line or replaced with hoops and leaves. Occasionally there are other motifs: dot-rosette spacers, or flankingbranches or fillets. The occurrence of the dolphin-and-wavecomplex on a plain-rimmed bowl-kantharosfrom Menon's Cistern (133) attests the use of the motif by ca. 275.60 It was very popular in the 3rd century,occurring on late Classical drinkingcups (e.g. 75, 85, 138) and subsequentlyon the hemispherical cups and Hellenistic kantharoithat replaced them (e.g. 202-205, 246, 315, 333, 367). Pairs of dolphins were also a favorite motif on West Slope amphoras (e.g. 408, 415) and occasionally appear on other shapes as well. They are echoed later in the antithetical dolphins that were so popular as a rim motif in moldmade bowls; the painted and moldmade versions are nicely confronted on a fragment of a moldmade bowl from the west slope of the Akropolis.61 The motif became much less popular towardsthe end of the 3rd century. In all but one case it is omitted above the waves on kantharoi of the Incised Wave Group, which is confined mostly to the last years of the 3rd century; the exception (218) is an early member of the group, dating around 220. The dolphin appears only twice after the end of the 2nd century, both times on amphoras. On 433 we find the traditional form of the motif, but the context and shape of the vessel argue for a date in the third quarter of the 2nd century. On 435, an amphora of the late 2nd to early 1st century, an antithetical pair of dolphins is incised flanking a quartered circle; the wave pattern is lacking. Spiralwaves:275-200 B.C.,with one later example (see Graph 2) A pattern of running spiralsfilled in with white was presumablyintroduced at about the same time as the dolphins, for which it provides an environment, although the earliest dolphins in the 59 E.g.PF II, D 29, p. 60, pl. 11. An oinochoe fragment may be earlier,but here the dolphin is still closely associated with an amulet necklace, where it sometimes appears as a charm (Kopcke 1964, no. 194, p. 45, fig. 34:10). 61 Watzinger 1901, no. 8 b, p. 71. The rim pattern is particularly popular on bowls from Workshop A: see AgoraXXII, nos. 194, 195, p. 68, pls. 37, 98; no. 216, pp. 70-71, pls. 43, 82; no. 247, p. 75, pls. 49, 98. 60

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collection (on 133) leap over hoops and leaves, not spiral waves, and the motif is not found on pottery from Menon's Cistern. In the 3rd century the motif was used only once or twice without the dolphins: on 582, where it elaborates a spearhead necklace, and, in a more monumental form, on the unique figured kantharos 271. In the late 3rd century it was used in a distinctive version on kantharoiof the Incised Wave Group, here only once with a dolphin (218). Thereafter the spiral-wavepattern appears only once, revived on an amphora of ca. 140 (433). Diagonalwaves:280-200 B.C. (see Graph 2) Diagonal lines with a white wavy line above them were also used to represent the sea. This scheme was much less popular than the spiral-wavepattern, with one-fifth as many occurrences, but was probably introduced at the same time and is found on one Classical cup-kantharosfrom the workshop of the Dikeras and Edwards Groups (78). In the 3rd century it gained a certain independence from the dolphins and appears without them on several Hellenistic kantharoi(e.g. 250, 261). It is almost totally restricted to drinking cups and is not found on amphoras. The latest piece on which it occurs is 250, dating in the last quarter of the 3rd century. Hoopsandleaves:mostly 280-200 B.C., with one later example (see Graph 2) A combination of hoops and leaves is an odd way to represent the sea, but this is apparently what was meant, since the motif appearsmost frequentlybelow leaping dolphins. There are three versions of this pattern. (1) The simplest has plain hoops and three-lobed leaves, sometimes with dots as elaboration (e.g. 32, 84, 407). Mostly it appears on Classical shapes; an example from Menon's Cistern (133) shows that it was being used by ca. 275. This form of the motif appearsonly twice at the Agora after the early 3rd century:on an angularkantharosofca. 240-220 (206) and on an amphora with arched handles (425), probablydating in the first half of the 2nd century. (2) In a more elaborate version, the hoops are representedby double lines, and each is filled with a white dot. The leaves are ratherlike grape leaves and alternatewith white dot rosettes. Two pieces bearing this motif are by the same hand and belong to the early phase of the SharkGroup, earlyin the second quarter of the 3rd century (136, 315). A more delicate and elaborate version, with pyramids of white dots above the hoops, is found in a single instance, on a bowl-kantharosof ca. 290260 (137). (3) In the third version the hoops are incised and the dolphins are omitted. All three of the pieces on which this appears date within the second halfofthe 3rd century (212, 570, 1180). Hoops and Leaves:see Dolphin and wave complex (pp. 53-54) Waves:see Dolphin and wave complex (pp. 53-54) FiguredScene A single and spectacular instance of figured painting appears on the large baggy kantharos 271, probably dating in the second half of the 3rd century and apparently a special order made for dedication. A graffito identifies the vessel as the gift of one Menekles to an unusual pair of divinities, Dionysos and Artemis, and reference is made to them in the decoration. Two tall pillars supportingvotive plaques, a pointed pillar of unusual form, an altar,and a naiskosidentify the setting, a rustic shrine of the sort familiar from sacro-idyllic landscapes of the 1st century after Christ. The statue within the naiskos, which ought to provide an identification for the shrine, is impressionisticallyexecuted. It is probably draped, and spots in dilute glaze on the upper body may represent a nebris. The right hand is extended, holding a phiale; an object, possibly a quiver,appears behind the left shoulder;and there is some elaboration about the head, obscured, unfortunately,by breakagein the glaze. The most plausible identificationfor this figure

PAINTED (WEST SLOPE) DECORATION

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is Artemis62 (although arguments have been advanced for its identification as Pan63), and the stance is very much like that of statues of Diana in the rustic shrines of Pompeiian wall painting.64 The sanctuary also contains an agyiaspillar of the sort associated with Apollo in Greek times and with Diana in sacro-idylliclandscapes.65Central to side A is the epiphany of the goddess herself66 as a huntress, spearing a panther (the only certain reference to Dionysos, which puts the god in a peculiar light). Artemis is further evoked by the magnificent stag at right. The figure at far left, approaching the altar, is perhaps Menekles, the dedicant, although it is possible that the figure representsDionysos. Much glaze and paint has flaked away from the other side of the kantharos, but enough remains to reconstructa scene of three men hunting a boar and probably a lion. This vessel has been assigneda varietyofdates. Paolo Moreno, on the authorityof Margherita Guarducci, dated the letter forms of the dedicatory graffitoin the late 4th century,67and Charles Picardput the piece in the second half of the 4th century on the basis of the style of the painting.68 Mabel Lang, anotherhandwritingexpert, was content to date the piece by context, placing it in the late 2nd or early 1st century.69Lily Kahil, comparing it with materialfrom Thompson's Group A (G 13:4), suggested a date in the second quarter of the 3rd century, also citing paleographical parallels of that date for the graffito.70 On the basis of shape, however, the kantharos is best placed in the second half of the 3rd century (see p. 105). The subject and composition of the painted scenes derive from Macedonian art of the early Hellenistic period. Several figures and groups find d parallels in the hunting scene on the facade of Tomb II at Vergina and on the Alexander sarcophagus. The fourth figure on side B of the kantharos, swinging an axe vigorously with both hands, is like the Persian hunters at far right and just right of center on the sarcophagus and the mirror image of the figure attacking the lion with an axe, right of center in the Vergina painting.71 The group of two hunters and the boar (figures 4-6 on side B) are mirror images of the larger group to which the axe-wielder at Vergina belongs, two hunters attacking a lion.72 Artemis, forsaking her bow, spears her prey with 62

So Shear and Thompson (Shear 1937, p. 376; H. A. Thompson 1976, pp. 263-264). Moreno's suggestion that the figure representsDionysos can be dismissed (Moreno 1964-1965, p. 53). 63 See LIMC II, p. 647 (L. Kahil); Kahil 1991, pp. 517-519. She interprets the brush strokes about the head as horns. These do look like horns in the drawingsthat were made of the piece shortly after it was found; but in the place of the most convincing "horn"all that now remains on the vase is a break in the glaze, exactly correspondingto what the artist rendered as a horn. It is impossible to know if the drawings are inaccurate (there are other small inaccuraciesin the drawings)or whether an actual brush strokehas disappeared. Thus, paceKahil, the identity of the figure remains in doubt. 64 Schefold 1956, p. 225, fig. 122. 65 Schefold 1956, figs. 121:1, 122; D. B. Thompson 1973, pp. 62-69. 66 Her identity seems secure (see, e.g., Kahil 1991, p. 516), although Shear originally called the figure Dionysos (Shear 1937, p. 376). 67 Moreno 1964-1965, p. 53. 68 Picard 1952, p. 83. 69 AgoraXXI, p. 55. 70 Kahil 1991, pp. 512-513. 71 Charbonneaux, Martin, and Villard 1973, p. 236, fig. 250; Andronicos 1984, pp. 102-103, figs. 58, 59, with detail on p. 105, fig. 62. 72 Precedentsfor the composition may be found in early 4th-centuryvase painting. See, for instance, CVA,Ferrara1 13 [Italy 37], pl. [1657]:2, showing the Kalydonian boar hunt. A hunter with an axe stands behind the boar, while from the right, pushes his spear into the animal's snout, as does figure 4 on side B of 271. It seems another, coming to have been a time-honored method of sticking a pig. An account of hunting a warthog in Kenya illustratesthe

56

3. THE DECORATION OF ATTIC HETI.,ENISTICPOTTERY

a lance held horizontally across her body, like the Macedonian lion killer at Vergina.73 Even the hunting dogs reflect the lean, long-nosed, avid hounds of the Alexander sarcophagus.74 Such compositions were not unique to the 4th century. The Macedonian tradition had a profound effect on Attic minor arts, where both figuresand whole compositions were transposed to miniature size. The Rape of Persephone on moldmade bowls of the Attic WorkshopA copies closely the composition known from Tomb I at Vergina,75 and individual figures of hunters on moldmade bowls repeat the poses and compositions alluded to above.76 These late-3rd- to early-2nd-centuryhunting scenes sometimes include images of Artemis and her stag,77although the goddess does not participatein the hunt. How much longer the tradition continued is hard to say,but the sacro-idylliclandscapes of Pompeii seem to reflect it. The Agora kantharosis unique in the corpus of Attic West Slope. The only other figuredpiece from the Agora (1682) appears from its shape and fabric to be an import. A few other figured pieces have been called Attic, but in no case is the identificationsecure. A hemisphericalcup with a relief emblem in the Ashmolean Museum, said to be from Attica, has a figured frieze of Erotes and cocks painted in white.78 The checkerboards,concentric rectangles,and lattices of the border patterns, however, are incised, a rare feature at Athens. Furthermore, these patterns are rarely

used in this position on Attic pottery (353 is the only instance at the Agora), while they are common there in other fabrics.79 For these reasons, then, one may hesitate to accept the Oxford cup as Attic, although the provenience is suggestive. Also claimed as Attic is a large and elaborate thorn kantharos from Metaponto.80 It bears on its upper body an elaborate grapevine inhabited by Erotes, and on the lower body incised checkerboardsand rectangles. There is no certain evidence that this shape, the thorn kantharos, was ever made at Athens;81 the incision is, as mentioned above, unusualfor Attic West Slope, and the form of the handles (ducks'heads emerging from vegetal calyxes)is alien to Athens. This fine piece, then, must also be excluded from the Attic corpus, leaving 271 as the sole representativeof figuredpainting in the West Slope tradition of Athens. MAN-MADE OBJECTS

Cornucopia: 275-200 B.C.(see Graph 2)

The cornucopia appears only thirteen times on inventoried Agora West Slope pieces, but it is often centrally placed and so appears to be a motif of some importance. It is usually the dikeras,the double horn, that is illustrated,decked with garlandsor filletsand perhapswith sprouts of grain and frequently combined with torches and bunches of grapes. Although there are a few cooperation of man and dog in pursuitof wild pigs. The hunter is armed with a spear and "as a general rule he would wait till the dogs had got in on the back of the pig before using his weapon" (Powys 1924, p. 57). 73 Andronicos 1984, p. 111, fig. 67. 74 Kahil identifies them as Laconian hounds (Kahil 1991, p. 516). 75 Compare Andronicos 1984, pp. 90-91, fig. 49 with P 28544 and P 28545 (AgoraXXII, nos. 193, 194, pp. 67-68, pls. 36, 37, 80). 76 E.g., wielding the axe while standing behind prey,a figure on P 18645 (Agora XXII, no. 250, p. 75, pl. 50). 77 P 18642 (AgoraXXII, no. 240, p. 74, pl. 46). 78 CVA,Oxford 1 [Great Britain 3], pl. XLVII [139]:16. 79 Conical bowls from Corinth, for instance, combine friezes of griffins or large-scale dolphins with an incised border of this sort (Corinth VII, iii, no. 539, p. 92, pls. 40, 55; no. 943, p. 187, pl. 84). The same scheme is found again on a plate from Gialova, in Messenia, seemingly of local fabric; the figured frieze there appears to depict felines and boukrania (AekX21, 1966, B'1 [1968], p. 165, pl. 165:p). 80 Giannotta 1983, pp. 49-57, pls. XXIX-XXXII. 81 See note 87, p. 30.

PAINTED(WESTSLOPE)DECORATION

57

later instances (421),82 the majorityof the examples date in the years between 275 and 225. A few instances of the single horn date early in the second quarterof the 3rd century (162, 167, 1220).83 The text of Athenaios 11.497c seems to suggest that the double cornucopia was devised by Ptolemy II to serve as a symbol of Arsinoe II's fruitfulness;but the wording is ambiguous, and E. E. Rice has argued that Ptolemy merely applied a preexistingsymbol, formerlyassociatedwith Isis and Serapis, to his queen.84 The archaeological record, however, associates the dikeraswith Arsinoe from the very beginning. The horn first appears, nestled in the crook of her arm, on the Alexandrian faience oinochoai devised for use in the queen's cult. It is depicted also on the reverse of her posthumous coins, filled with fruitsand cakes and decked with flutteringribbons.85 Whatever its origins, its association with Arsinoe was very close, and surely it was first known in the Greek world as a symbol of Arsinoe, then later as an emblem of Egypt. The occurrence of the double cornucopia on Athenian coinage has been taken as an indication of Ptolemaic influence,86 and it is tempting to see some reference to the Ptolemies in the first appearance of the motif in pottery as well. The earliest certain example of a double cornucopia in West Slope is on 77, a particularlyfine cup-kantharosdating close to the end of the development of the shape, probably in the early years of the second quarter of the 3rd century. Here the motif is central, flanked by torches and bunches of grapes and crowned with the inscription cptixos. Although the form is not strikinglylike that of the cornucopia on the Arsinoe coins, the fact that it is a dikerasand has fluttering garlands links it with the Egyptian horn. It also places the piece after ca. 276, when Ptolemy II and Arsinoe married.87 The years between ca. 285 and the 260's were a period of close friendshipbetween Athens and Egypt, as other pottery also attests;88perhaps the inscription (pLXiasmade oblique reference to this fact.

Isis Crown(?) (MO): 50-10 B.C. Two large but only partiallypreservedmotifs appear on 1295, a monumental Mottled Oliver lid of the second half of the 1st century. Both motifs seem to have been round, with elaborate interior patterning and some ornamentation at the top. Possibly they are meaningless, abstract designs or elaborate lotus buds, but another motif on the same lid may be a sistrum,suggestingan association with the goddess Isis that might apply to the round motifs as well. The latter bear some resemblance to the stylized Isis crown that appears elsewhere as a pottery stamp.89 See pp. 194-195 for further discussion. Isis Knot: 50-10

B.C.

The upper part of a knot with a loop at the top is preservedon one Mottled Oliver lid (1300). It resemblesthe Isis knot as it appearsin the clothing of women on Athenian grave stelai of the late Hellenistic and Roman periods90and is another indication of the use of these vessels in the cult of the goddess. 82 Also P 1495 (AgoraXXII, no. 408, p. 92, pl. 90), dating after ca. 225 but possibly no later than 200.

83 See alsoJacopi1932,p. 125,fig.7. 84 E. E. Rice 1983,pp. 202-208. 85 D. B.

Thompson 1973, pp. 32-33, 54-55, pls. I-IV (oinochoai)and pl. LXXIII:b, c (coins). M. Thompson 1961, pp. 605-606. 87 For the date see Fraser 1972, I, p. 117 and II, p. 367, note 228. 88 See Rotroff 1988b. For relations between Athens and the Ptolemies in this period see Habicht 1992, pp. 68-73. 89 Samaria III, pp. 322-324, figs. 74-76. 90 Walters 1988, pp. 4-6. 86

58

3. THE DECORATIONOF ATTICHTJI.FNISTICPOTTERY

lunx(?)(S):ca. 275 B.C. A square object ornamented with white dots appears only once, at the center of a myrtle garland on an early Hellenistic bowl-kantharos(144). Its central location suggests that it had some special significance,and it is possible that the design representsa iunxor a rhombos, magical devices used in conjunction with love spells.91 On the basis of ancient descriptions, a device frequently illustrated in red figure has been identified as a iunx. It is round, with spokes, and has protrusions along its edge. Figures associated with love and marriage hold it or spin it with the help of a double cord passed through holes near its center; it is often seen in the hands of Eros or of women in marriage scenes, and its function seems to have been to attract the loved one. Almost all the representationsof the device show it as round, but one source says a iunx could be "triangularor of some other shape,"92and one representation apparently showed a rhomboidal one.93 Several ancient and modern scholars have maintained that the terms iunx were interchangeable;if this is so, the rhomboidal shape of the motif on 144 would be and rhombos no argument against its identificationas a iunx. Necklace necklace:94 Classical-10 B.C. (see Graph 1) Spearhead In its earliest form the spearhead-necklacemotif is a remarkablyfaithful representation of a real piece of gold jewelry. Many examples of this type of necklace are preserved, and it seems to have been very popular in the 4th through the 2nd centuries.95The two most common versions have pendants in the shape of either tinyjars or spearheads,triangularin section, and that is how they are described in Delian temple inventories.96 The West Slope motif was clearly based on the spearhead design, for earlierand more carefulversions depict the axial ridge of the spearhead (see 106). Spearheadnecklaceswere sometimescopied in clay,presumablyto serve as gravegoods,97and potters apparently had ample opportunityto observe the originals. Some West Slope depictions show the tiny bead that usually appears at the top of the pendant (106, 1266), and many include the bead that ornamented its tip (e.g. 1266 and, in more stylizedform, 147, 345, 1182). The gold necklaces may have single, double, or even triple rows of pendants; at least one West Slope piece reflects this elaboration, for two rows of pendants appear on 830. The curved strokes by which the pendants are attached to the strap apparentlyreflect the two chains that attached pendants to the strap on more elaborate necklaces.98 The ties that hang from the ends of the necklaces (e.g. 442, 1267) are also realistic, for at the ends of real necklaces are usually not clasps but 91 For discussion of

literary sources, ancient representations,and functions of the iunx,see DarSag IV, ii, pp. 863Gow s.v. 864, Rhombus; 1934, pp. 1-13; Nelson 1940, pp. 443-456;Johnston 1990, pp. 90-102, especiallypp. 93-95 and notes 14 and 15. 92 tplycrov et &eXXo t.t OX Aa (Psellus,Patrologia Graeca122, 1133 a). 93 Nelson (1940, p. 453) refers to a line drawing made in 1965 of a 4th-century sard in the Hermitage but gives no reference. 94 Fora discussion of this motif in various West Slope fabricssee Bohtz and Albert 1975, pp. 512-513, notes 56 and 57; Kotitsa (1994, pp. 42-45) discussesboth this and the amulet necklace. 95 Amandry 1953, pp. 79-81, 110-113; Higgins 1961, pp. 168-169. 96 Dilos XVIII, pp. 301-302; IG XI ii 161B, lines 23-24 (Sppo XoyXwt6g),lines 38-39, 45 (6plpoq&qpopt&v).De Waele (1931, p. 421), however,argues that the pendants representnot spearheadsbut beechnuts, an attractivethesis that accounts for the bead at the top of the pendant. Fordetailed illustrationsof the spearheadpendant see Hoffmann and von Claer 1968, p. 19, fig. 12:b and Segall 1966, pl. 15. 97 Sciatbi,pp. 157-160, pl. LXXVIIIa:255a; Marshall 1911, nos. 2190, 2191, p. 249, pl. XLII. 98 Segall 1966, pls. 4, 5, 15.

DECORATION PAINTED (WESTSLOPE)

59

rings, which could have been tied together with a ribbon or chain.99 Necklaces were sometimes worn suspended on the breast, with the ends pinned at the shoulders, 100in a manner similar to the way they are displayed on pots. Perhaps those that were dedicated at sanctuaries were also exhibited in this way. The spearhead necklace is the earliest motif that appears in gold-decorated form; it is found around the neck of a late-5th-century polychrome relief chous,101though in a form somewhat different from the later version. Similar necklaces are worn by ladies on Kerch vases in the 4th century,102and the idea of decorating the neck of a pot presumably comes from the analogy between a human and a ceramic neck. Perhapsalso pots were adorned in this manner at feasts. Although the motif is essentially a simple one, there is room for variation. While in its Classical form the necklace has a thin support band (e.g. 106, 120), on true Hellenistic shapes it always has a thick band (e.g. 170, 582, 1171). This may be the result of renewed observation by the Hellenistic painter, for on many extant necklaces the pendants hang from a broad gold strap.103 The band may be ornamented with a row of dots across the top (e.g. 120, 188, 464) or within (e.g. 135, 830), or it may be doubled (359) and elaborated in white (e.g. 147, 582). The curved lines that attach the pendants to the band may interlock (e.g. 170), a rare feature possibly with some chronological significance, for all the Agora examples probably date before 250. Or they may be replaced by an incised zigzag (e.g. 239, 432, 442, 1270), a detail that does not occur before the middle of the 3rd century. More extensive use of incision (e.g. 217, 1280) is very rare. The spearhead necklace remained a standardof West Slope pottery decoration until the end of the Hellenistic period and appears once on the Mottled Oliver ware of post-Sullan Athens (1302). Charmnecklace:Classical-250

B.C. (see Graph 1) A necklace strung with a variety of pendants, some of which appear to be charms or amulets, is found on both gold-decorated and West Slope pottery (see Ill. 1). In both techniques it is less common than the spearhead necklace, but the two often appear on the two sides of a single pot. Over half of the West Slope examples in the Agora are on Classical shapes, but the motif occurs five times on Hellenistic kantharoi (170, 172, 188, 189, and P 7718). It was dropped from the repertoire some time in the second quarter of the 3rd century. The development is in general towardssloppierwork, at a largerscale; later examples have a broad strapratherthan a thin chain. Gold originals of the charm necklace are not as numerous as spearhead necklaces, but a few examples have come to light in tombs at Kerch, on Euboia, and at Pelinna, in Thessaly.104 Although the design is restricted to 4th- and 3rd-century pottery, most of the existing gold necklaces date to the 2nd century.l05 On the pots the charms are always attached by two chains, a detail that is paralleled on gold necklaces. Some of the charms, too, are the same as those

99 Amandry 1953, p. 81; Hoffmann and von Claer 1968, p. 19. 100 Hoffmann and Davidson 1965, p. 5. 101 Zervoudaki 1968, no. 59, p. 32, pl. 4:3. 102 See note 18 above, p. 40. 103 Reinach 1892, pl. IX:1; Marshall 1911, no. 1943, p. 212, pl. XXXIV; CorinthXII, no. 2055, pp. 256-257, pl. 109; Amandry 1953, no. 218, pp. 79-82, pl. XXXII; Richter 1937, p. 291, fig. 2; Treasures of AncientMacedonia, no. 79, p. 46, pl. 15, no. 253, p. 71, pl. 37; Segall 1966, pls. 4, 5; Hoffmann and von Claer 1968, no. 12, pp. 16-19. 104 Reinach 1892, pp. 51-52, pls. IX:3, XI:1, XII:3, from Kerch; Stella G. Miller 1979, pl. 15:a, from Thessaly; Papabasileios 1910, pl. 14:4, from Euboia. 105 Stella G. Miller 1979, p. 28.

3. THE DECORATION OF ATTIC HEIJENISTIC POTTERY

60

.

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rI 11 I

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134

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470

1266 ILL. 1. Charm necklace

PAINTED DECORATION (WESTSLOPE)

61

on real necklaces. The crescent, sometimes with knobbed ends, which appears on the pottery repeatedly (e.g. 109, 188), is common in goldwork; some have been found attached to charm necklaces, and many single, unattached crescents have also come to light, ranging in date from the latter years of the 4th century to the Roman period.106 Some have thin disks bearing the profile of a goddess, a detail perhaps reflected in the white filling of the crescents on 86 and 135. Another recurrent charm is the dolphin (86, 106, 188, 311), which is also found on real necklaces and in other Hellenistic jewelry.107The closest parallel for the "double-axe"pendant (e.g. 106, 109, 120) is an object described as a comb on two necklaces from Kerch.108 A horizontal, often granulatedbar or pair of bars (e.g. 106, 109, 135) looks ratherlike a charm on a necklace from the Quarantine Road graves in Kerch,109and the pairs of fine chains that alternate with the charms on the painted necklaces are also found on actualjewelry.l10 The other painted charmsare not so easy to identify. Some appearto be leaves, such as the charm at the far left on 188 and 311 and the one to right of center on 120. Particularlyintriguingis a group of three circles;it appears on at least four pots at the Agora (e.g. 73, 1266) and on two from the Kerameikos11t and probably represents an actual charm that we may hope someday to discover in the original. Panathenaic Amphora (MO): 50-10 B.C. A large amphora of Panathenaic shape, complete with lid and elaborate wall decoration, appears on a Mottled Oliver lid (1301) of the second half of the 1st century. Scroll (MO): 50-10 B.C. A puzzling motif appears on severallate Mottled Oliver lids. Sometimes it consists of nothing more than large, overlapping dots, arranged in a vertical line, with white ribbons hanging from the top and the bottom (1298, 1299). An old photograph of 1296, taken before the decoration had deteriorated, shows the motif with a squared end, clearly recognizable as a scroll, a motif known also on white-ground lagynoi.112 On at least two lids it alternates with a sistrum (1296, 1297), and the motif may refer to the sacred texts of the cult of Isis (see p. 194). Sistrum (MO): 50-10 B.C. The sistrum appears on a series of Mottled Oliver lids of the second half of the 1st century. Although it is nowhere completely preserved,the instrumentcan be recognized from its distinctive shape and by the transverserattles that appear on some of the representations(e.g. 1297). The 106

For crescents on a necklace see Stella G. Miller 1979, pl. 15. Detached crescents: a silver knobbed crescent with a disk bearing the profile of a goddess, from the debris of Building Z-3 in the Kerameikos and dating before ca. 307 (Knigge and Kovacsovics 1981, p. 387, fig. 5); a similar gold crescent in an early-3rd-centurycontext at the Agora (Rotroff 1983, no. 19, p. 285, pl. 52); also Hoffmann and Davidson 1965, nos. 33, 34, pp. 112-114, figs. 33:a, b (late 4th-3rd century). For examples without the disk see Coldstream 1973, nos. 38-56, pp. 135-138, pl. 86, in contexts ranging from 3rd century to Roman; Hackens and Levy 1965, no. VII, pp. 555-556, pl. XVII:e (2nd century);S. S. Weinberg 1969, pp. 21-22. 107 Reinach 1892, pl. XI: 1, p. 51 (necklace);Rudolph 1979, no. 21, p. 22 (earring showing Eros on a dolphin); Ridder 1924, no. 736, p. 66, pl. XIV (earrings);Davidson and Oliver 1984, no. 61, pp. 63-64 (earrings);Hoffmann and Davidson 1965, no. 24, p. 104, fig. 24 (earrings);Ruxer and Kubcazk 1972, p. 236, pl. VII:3 (necklace clasps). 108 Reinach 1892, pp. 51-52, pls. IX:3, XII:3; the parallel is clearer when comparison is made with the earlier versions of the charm: e.g. Kopcke 1964, nos. 1, 3, p. 26, figs. 9:2, 10:2. 109 Reinach 1892, p. 51, pl. XI: 1. 110 Hoffinann and Davidson 1965, no. 4, pp. 63-64, fig. 4. 111 no. 1, Kopcke 1964, p. 26, pl. 9:2; no. 194, p. 45, pl. 34:10. 112 B. F. Cook 1976, pp. 157-158, fig. 123.

62

POTTERY 3. THE DECORATIONOF ATTICHELLE.NISTIC

sistrum was the musical instrument of the cult of the Egyptian gods. Its appearance on late Ist-century pottery reflects the popularity of this cult and, more specifically,of the cult of Isis in Athens at this time (see p. 194 for further discussion). An object of similar shape appears on 1295 but without the rattles;it may instead be a floral motif. Thunderbolt (S): 225-200 B.C. (see Graph 2) The thunderboltoccurs only two or three times on inventoriedpieces in the Agora, but it was a popular ornament for the handle plates of Hellenistic kantharoi such as 254.113 It is found also on the elaborately painted platter 832. On both of these the motif has the form typical for Attic Hellenistic pottery: a straight central shaft, with curved elements at the sides resembling the fronds of a palmette. Kantharoi with handle plates date mainly in the last quarter of the 3rd century, and the motif may be restrictedto those years. An unusual motif on 465 may also be a thunderbolt but of completely different form: long and thin, with one pointed end, and elaborated with volutes and dots. Thymiaterion: Classical-220 B.C. (see Graph 1) A large and elaborate object, often centrally placed and heavily ornamented with white, is pictured on a number of large vessels. It has a broad base, resting on two or three feet, from which rises a vertical rod with a series of spiralsor hoops on either side (e.g. 412, 582). It has been called both a tripod and a thymiaterion, motifs that appear on gold-decorated pottery.114This object does not much resemble thymiateriaas they are depicted in red figure and on polychrome relief vessels of the 4th century.115A precedent for the West Slope form of the device appears, however,on an elaborate pyxis, possibly gold decorated and probably of 4th-century date, where its identity as a thymiaterion is made explicit by its latticed cover.116 The Agora examples represent a simplificationof the motif as presented there. The white color and the elaborate form of the object suggest that the model was a silver incense burner. Ancient testimonia and temple inventoriesmake it clear that metal thymiateria were not uncommon, although few have been preserved.117The flaring lower bodies and feet of some of these are similar to what we see on the pots,118but the vertical rod projecting from this base finds no parallel in the extant objects. The spirals on either side of the rod may be purely ornamental, as they seem to be on thymiateria depicted in red figure, or they may be additional incense cups; in the latter case, when alight they and the main cup at the top would all smoke, and this is the impressionthat the West Slope representationsgive. The earliest example 113

Severalwere found in the Aghios Demetrios excavation,in contexts of ca. 225-175: Charitonides 1981, pp. 17948:a. 182, pls. 46:8, v1, 114 Thymiateria on gold-decorated pottery: P 12816 (AgoraXII, no. 134, p. 245,pl. 7); Kopcke 1964, no. 220, p. 46. Tripods: Kopcke 1964, nos. 217, 218, p. 46, fig. 37:2, and P 27796. 115 Wigand (1912) provides convenient illustrationsof the development of the thymiaterion;his plate III presents a selection of about thirty types, dating from the 6th century to Roman times. The closest to the West Slope objects is no. 86, from an Apulian vase, of Wigand's Group C (pp. 51-59), but none are as broad based as the West Slope pieces. For thymiateriaon polychrome ware see Zervoudaki 1968, nos. 7, 9, pp. 15-16, pls. 17:1, 22:2. pl 116 Rostovtzeff 1913-1914, . XVII:1. 117 For example, hundreds were displayed in the great procession of Ptolemy II at Alexandria (Athenaios 5.197e, 198b, 202b). For inventoriessee, e.g., SIG2 586, lines 24-26; 588, lines 28-30; SIG3 144, lines 5-6; 996, lines 11-12; 1106, lines 124-125; 1170, line 19. For a survey of Hellenistic metal thymiateriasee Pfrommer 1987, pp. 25-41, 202-212. 118 Cf. Pfrommer 1987, pp. 29-35, pls. 2, 4. In other materials: XII, no. 881, p. 129, pl. 65 (stone stand); Corinth Adriani 1936, no. 47, p. 142, fig. 59 (clay).

PAINTED(WESTSLOPE)DECORATION

63

of the motif in the Agora material, more slender than the others,119is on a cup from Menon's Cistern (311). Later examples are all broad based, like the thymiaterionon the pyxis mentioned above. The motif became common in the second quarterof the 3rd century,sometimes appearing between grapes and torches, in the same position where the dikerasappears elsewhere. Two such depictions bear the inscription &&pov,and I have speculated elsewhere that the popularity of the thymiaterion on Attic pottery might stem from the gift of a fine incense burner, possibly from the Ptolemies, who were ardent patrons of Athens during these years.120 The motif probably did not survive beyond ca. 220. Torch: 275-200 B.C. (see Graph 2) A stylized torch made up of a series of thin lines, converging at the bottom, and topped by diagonal strokes to represent flames, appears on eighteen vessels (e.g. 77, 342). It is bound with two white fillets that hang down on either side and is sometimes elaborated with white dots. The fact that it often appears in combination with the cornucopia and bunch of grapes suggests that, like them, it was introduced around 275. The motif continued to be used until the end of the 3rd century. Tripod(?):ca. 275 B.C.? A tall, rectangularobject, its upper part divided into smaller rectangleselaborated by crosses, appears on a rilled-rimplate in the Agora (821) and a few published vessels.121It has sometimes been called a thymiaterion but has nothing in common with any known picture of an incense burner. More likely it represents a tripod and is a simplified version of a motif found on a few gold-decorated pieces.122 All the known examples probably date close to ca. 275. GEOMETRIC MOTIFS

Bead and Reel Truebeadandreel:250-10 B.C. The bead and reel first appeared in the second half of the 3rd century, when it was used to decorate the horizontal surface of the rims of bolster-kraters(e.g. 586). The 3rd-century motif is fairly small, but in the late 2nd and early 1st century a large bead and reel, with clay bead and white reel, was a common border motif on lids of the Large Leaf Groups (e.g. 1279, 1280). On smaller vessels it served as the main decoration (e.g. 350, 451, 573, 574). The bead and reel continued to be a favored border motif in Mottled Oliver in the 1st century (e.g. 1284) and was sometimes the main decoration of sizable lids (1285, 1290). Pseudobeadandreel:250-86 B.C. Pairs of perpendicular lines produce a pattern that resembles the bead and reel and is used in some of the same instances. It was a favorite decorative border on bolster-kraters(e.g. 582, 585), lids (e.g. 1281), and, occasionally,on other shapes (310, 322, 831) and served as the main decoration on a situla (571) and a small cup (349). Like the true bead and reel, it first appearedin 119Cf.the thymiaterion in a gravereliefof Egyptianstylein Alexandria: Adriani1963-1966,no. 122,pp. 175-176, fig.333, pl. 99. 120 Rotroffl991,p. 74. 121 Eretria II, no. 5, pp. 56-57, pl. 15 (drawing:a photographof the samepiece appearsin AeXr20 1965, B' 2 [1967],pl. 339:a);Watzinger1901,no. 19,p. 75; CVA,Brussels3 [Belgium3],pl. 3 [138]:13;Patsiada1990,no. 177, p. 191,pl. 76:a;andperhapsVierneisel1964,col. 456, fig.50 in col. 460. 122Kopcke1964,no. 217, p. 46, pl. 37:2;P 27796.

64

3. THE DECORATION OF ATTIC HE,L,ENISTIC POTTERY

the second half of the 3rd century and is also found on late Hellenistic pieces, but the form of the decoration was fairlyuniform throughoutits history,and it is not found on post-Sullan pottery. Butterfly(S): 275-250 B.C. This motif, two triangles touching at one point, like a stylized butterfly,appears only once, below the handle of a miniaturebolster cup (1365). Checkerboard/Rectangles/Lattice Complex (see Graph 2) andrectangles: 270-86 B.C. Checkerboard The most persistent of the geometric motifs used in Attic West Slope is a band of alternating panels of checkerboard and concentric rectangles or, less often, checkerboard and lattice. The motif appears most commonly on the shoulders of amphoras and the upper walls of baggy kantharoi and Hellenistic kantharoiwith molded rims. The checkerboard is usually painted in orange, with alternate squares filled in with white. The rectangle pattern with which it most commonly alternates consists of many nested, or concentric, rectangles, usually marked at the center with an X accented with five white dots. Sometimes the pattern is done in incision (e.g. 435, 1153, 1172, 1350) but probably not before ca. 225. There are two main compositions: the checkerboard flanked by panels of rectangles; and a band of five alternating panels, with a rectangle panel in the center. Although this is primarilya Hellenisticpattern, it does appear on two late Classicalshapes:on two calyx-cups that come at the end of the shape series (123, 124) and on what appear to be very late versions of the kantharoswith special handles, if these are in fact Attic.123 The earliest context in which the pattern appears is Group A, where it is found on an early baggy kantharos (232). The pattern is also found on two cups with moldmade feet (316, 317), an early Hellenistic shape. The evidence suggests, then, that it was introduced around 270. Its great popularity, however, began in the last quarter of the 3rd century. It was common then on baggy kantharoi and is the standard shoulder decoration of the Hellenistic kantharoiwith molded rims typical of that period (306-310). In the earlier3rd century many amphorasstill carried floral decoration or leaping dolphins on their shoulders,but before the end of the century the checkerboard/rectangle band began to appear here too, and thereafter it was used in that position without exception; the earliest example is probably 417, which does not have arched handles and comes from a context discarded ca. 210. The pattern continued to be used until the time of Sulla; for late examples see 435 and 442. Lattice:240-86 B.C. A panel of lattice or cross-hatchingwas sometimes substitutedfor concentric rectanglesin the scheme described above or used as a continuous band without checkerboard panels (453). It was usuallypainted in clay,with a white dot at the center,but occasionally it was incised (e.g. 835, 1213). The lattice was much less common than the rectangle pattern (only eighteen examples, as opposed to sixty-eight for rectangle panels) and may have been introduced somewhat later. It has not been found on Classicalshapes;the earliestpots on which it appears in the Agora are an amphora with arched handles (418) and a baggy kantharos (238), both of the third quarter of the 3rd century. It continued in use down to the time of Sulla (e.g. 439 111, 443). 123

Pagenstecher1913, pp. 18-19, figs. 24, 25, the formersaid to be fromAthens,the latterfromAlexandria.

Compare, however,two examples found on Crete: AeXt 19, 1964, B' 3 [1966], p. 448, pl. 524:P; AeXr 26, 1971, B' 2 [1975], p. 495, pl. 513:P.

PAINTED(WESTSLOPE)DECORATION

65

In searching for an origin for this and other geometric patterns on West Slope pottery,Homer Thompson pointed to similar motifs on Attic pottery of the Protogeometric and Geometric periods.124 In both West Slope pottery and these earlier wares geometric patterns are arranged in rectangular panels, and there is an emphasis on the shoulder of the vessel. Stars or rosettes appear in both, as do fillets hanging from handles and plastic knobs or pellets. The early pots, Thompson argued, might have been discovered in the course of building operations, which would have disturbed early tombs that lay close to the Hellenistic surface, and he observed that geometric motifs became increasingly popular in the 2nd century, a time of intensive building in the Agora. This is an ingenious and attractivehypothesis, but it isnt not without difficulties. All the featuresnoted by Thompson were alreadywell establishedin the West Slope repertoirebefore the 2nd century, and so the building programs of that time can hardly have played a decisive role; but tombs could well have come to light in the course of earlier building, even on a minor scale. More problematic, however, is the fact that all these features did not appear at the same time but rather were introduced piecemeal throughout the 3rd century. The emphasis on the shoulder in decoration is a feature of West Sloe from its inception and one that is shared by certain phases of black and red figure. Checkerboardsand rectangleswere first used around 270, the lattice, 25 years later. Knobs flankingthe handles of amphorasand oinochoai were introduced in the third quarter of the 3rd century. Star medallions came into the repertoire around 250, while festoons hanging from handles are a late Hellenistic feature. The most strikingcoincidence between West Slope and earlier pottery, and the only one that argues compellingly for influence from one to the other, the is combination of panels of checkerboardand lattice.125But concentric rectangles, the preferredmotif for combination with checkerboardsin West Slope, are not found in earlier Attic pottery. Thus, while influence from earlier ceramics is not precluded, it seems unlikelyto have been seminal to the entire complex of geometric motifs applied to West Slope pots. Cross Plain cross:275-10 B.C.

A plain cross appears once as a spacing motif on the wall of a Hellenistic kantharos (212) and once as a medallion on the floor of a small cup (349), but the normal use of the device is as decoration for plastic handles (587), for molded rims or bands (e.g. 90, 332), and for the knobs that flank the upper handle attachmentsof amphoras(425, 429). Accented with white dots, it was a popular border motif in the period ca. 275-260 on pottery made in the workshopof the Dikeras and Edwards Groups (90, 91, 138, 332). Much later, in the late 2nd and 1st century, a large and crudely painted cross was sometimes substituted for the asteriskon the knobs of late West Slope and Mottled Oliver lids (e.g. 1292, 1306). Maltesecross(S): 250-200 B.C. This motif appears only once, at large scale, as a border motif on the Artemiskantharos(271). Elaborate cross(S): 275-225 B.C. An elaborate cross with knobbed ends, shorter strokes between the four main arms, and accenting in white appears on two amphoras and a bowl-kantharos(138, 410, 416), all probably dating in the second and third quartersof the 3rd century. See also UnionJack. 124 125

H. A. Thompson 1934, pp. 441-444. For the earlier vases see, for example, Desborough 1952, pls. 6, 11, 13; Coldstream 1968, pl. 10:k.

3. THE DECORATIONOF ATTICHE,I.FINISTICPOTTERY

66

Dots Small dots(S): 250-10 B.C.

Very small dots occasionally appear by themselves as borders (e.g. 419, 449, 827, 1271) beginning in the second half of the 3rd century and continuing until the 1st century. The latest instances are on Mottled Oliver lids (1283, 1291). Much more commonly, and from the 4th century onward, tiny dots are incorporated into other patterns, such as spiral waves (e.g. 85, 414), olive garlands (e.g. 303), thymiateria(e.g. 412), or necklaces (e.g. 188). Largedots: 125-10 B.C.

Large dots are usually part of late Hellenistic bead-and-reelborders (see above), although in one instance (a late Hellenistic situla)they appear alone (575), and once they are strung together (1282). They are more common in Mottled Oliver, where they serve as borders (1287) and, painted overlapping,make up the scroll motif (e.g. 1297, 1299). Lattice: see Checkerboard/rectangles/lattice complex (pp. 64-65) Lines as Border (S) Diagonal lines: 120-10 B.C., with one earlier example

A border pattern of short, diagonal strokes is characteristicof the Large Leaf Groups (e.g. 1235, 1275). Most of the examples come from Sullan contexts, one from Group E,126suggesting a range of ca. 120-86, but the motif continues to the end of the 1st century, appearing on the latest lids of Mottled Oliver (1296). A single instance is earlier, on the elaborate platter 832, which dates between 225 and 175. Parallellines:200-86 B.C.

Short parallel lines were occasionally used instead of diagonal ones as borders on late Hellenistic pots (1236, 1242) but do not continue into Mottled Oliver. They appear earlier as handle decoration (588) and around the emblem on a hemisphericalcup (389). Lozenge: 225-50 B.C.

Tear-shaped dots or lozenges of medium size (e.g. 578)127 are rare and may in some cases be part of bead-and-reel or pseudo bead-and-reelpatterns from which all white has disappeared. Medium-sized lozenges occur a few times as borders (309, 1280). A large lozenge appears twice on the walls of Mottled Oliver lids (e.g. 1286). Quartered Circle: 125-86 B.C.

A quarteredcircle, in white and incision, is found once, placed between antithetical dolphins at the center of the neck of an amphora from a Sullan deposit (435). Quartered Rectangle: see Union Jack (p. 68) Rectangle of Tiny Dots (S): 280-200 B.C.,with two later examples A rectangular pattern of tiny dots, usually in white and in three rows, may be substituted for dot rosettes in ivy and grapevines (e.g. 1223). It is not very common but appears sporadically from ca. 280 onwards. Most instances date before the end of the 3rd century,with two probably 126 P 3365

(H. A. Thompson1934,E 63, p. 402, fig.90). (H. A. Thompson1934,E 66, p. 402, fig.91).

127 AlsoP 3372

PAINTED(WESTSLOPE)DECORATION

67

falling in the first quarter of the 2nd century (347, 587). Of these, 587 follows the pattern of earlier examples, but on 347 the rectangles are larger and alternate with palmettes. Ribbing (S): 325-200 B.C. Vertical lines appear on the lower bodies of three pots, presumably in imitation of ribbing. One is a Corinthian skyphos(158) dating in the last quarterof the 4th century;there a curvedline at the top turns the ribs into petals. The other two, an unguentariumand a kantharos(?),probably date in the 3rd century (1172, 1344). Running Dog (S, MO): 75-10 B.C.

The running-dog motif appears on two Mottled Oliver lids (1293, 1303); they are not among the earliest of their type and probably date after ca. 75. Running Spiral (S): 250-200 and ca. 50 B.C. The running-spiralborder (as distinct from the spiral-wavepattern) appears twice: once on the Artemis kantharos (271) and once on a black-glazed lid that, from its form, appears to be of Mottled Oliver (1289). StarlikeMotifs Asterisk:250-10 B.C. The asteriskis a starlikedesign made by superimposingtwo or more crosses. It appears only twice as a wall motif, on the amphoras 433 and 464. Related to this is its single appearance on the knob on the neck of an amphora (419). It also serves as decoration on the round end of the handle rotelles of kantharoiand amphoras (e.g. 256, 421), most commonly, it seems, in the last quarter of the 3rd and first quarter of the 2nd century. Usually, however, the asterisk and other star motifs appear within a round field:the medallion of a cup, krater,or plate or the knob of a reversiblelid. There it was painted at large scale, usuallywith alternatingwhite and orange rays (e.g. 346, 826). Along with other medallion motifs, the asteriskcame into general use in the third quarter of the 3rd century, chiefly on hemispherical and conical cups and kraters. Sometimes the motif was elaborated by inserting dots, petals, wavy lines, or unattached strokesbetween its rays (e.g. 358, 368, 1268, 1269). In the late 2nd and 1st century the plain asteriskwas painted more sloppily, often with blobs on the ends of the arms (teardropasterisk),and is found almost exclusively on the knobs of reversible lids and the tops of pyxides (e.g. 1236, 1275, 1279). In this form it survivedin Mottled Oliver down to the end of the 1stcentury (e.g. 1284, 1286, 1295). Star:250-10 B.C. The asteriskwas very simple to make, and it was therefore a more popular motif than the more demanding star with pointed rays. This more complex motif first appeared around 250 and was most common in the second half of the 3rd and early part of the 2nd century (e.g. 271, 361, 832), although it was occasionally used later as well (e.g. 351). In some medallions, pointed rays alternate with plain asteriskrays or wavy lines (e.g. 351, 360, 363).128 Otherstarlikemotifs:275-86 B.C. Other medallion motifs are difficultto classify(e.g.822, 1267, 1276). They have independent rays or petals, sometimes a central dot like a rosette, and dots between the rays or petals. Their dates span the Hellenistic period. 128

See also P 1495 (AgoraXXII, no. 408, p. 92, pl. 90).

68

3. THE DECORATIONOF ATTICHELLENISTICPOTTERY

Teardrop: 125-86 B.C. The simplified and bold decoration of some late Hellenistic pots includes long teardrops, often alternatingin white and orange. They appear on the sides of pyxis lids (1236, 1238),129on the neck of an oinochoe (490), and perhaps also on a reversible lid,130all vessels of the Large Leaf Groups that probably date between 120 and 86. Similar teardrops alternate with vertical lines on a small amphora of the same period (451). The motif does not appear in Mottled Oliver. Union Jack (S): 225-200 B.C. A quarteredrectangle or unionjack pattern is common on the handles of kantharoi,especially on the rectangularplates (e.g. 254; also on 421, an amphora), and appears once on the wall of a guttus (1153) to fill the awkward space between the handle and the spout. All examples date in the last quarter of the 3rd century. Wavy Line: 250-86 B.C. A wavy line occurs from time to time, usually as a subsidiarymotif, on pots dating from the middle of the 3rd to the early 1st century (450, 519, 586, 1317). Zigzag (S): 210-50 B.C.?

A white zigzag surrounds the emblem on two hemispherical cups (387, 390) and appears on the shoulders of two amphoras (444, 450). Three of these pots are late Hellenistic, but the fourth (387) may be earlier, and it is unlikely that such a simple design can be limited chronologically. INSCRIPTIONS: Classical-250 B.C., with one later example (see Graph 1)

Forty-threevessels at the Agora carry inscriptions giving the name of a divinity or quality, usually in the genitive. The letters normally appear above a garland or a necklace, below the rim of the vessel. The divinities mentioned are Dionysos (eight times), Aphrodite (three times), and, once each, Amphiaraos, Agatha Tyche, Asklepios, Hermes, and [Zeus] Soter. The cups also cite qualities such as Philia(15 times), and Eunoia(1), and one says &iipov.131The inscriptions are almost always painted, but occasionally they are incised. In some instances incised letters were probably executed by the potter (217), but in others they were added by the customer or drinker.132

This practice of labeling cups with divine names is well known, and numerous instances from other sites and museum collections have receivedmention in the literature.133Many examples are 129AlsoP 19657(Rotroff1991,no. 102, 93, fig.25, pl. 42). p. 130P 3365 (H. A. Thompson1934,E 63, p. 402, fig.90). 131In additionto potspublishedin thisvolume,see P 24183(Agora XII, no. 669, p. 283, fig.22);P 4065, P 634 (H.A. B B P Thompson1934, 23, 24, p. 339, fig. 19); 220 (Rotroff1983,no. 24, p. 286, pl. 52). 132 See Agora XXI, p. 53; G 9 (P 7360),G 14 (P 16236),p. 54, pls. 30, 31; alsoP 31376. 133E.g. Kopcke1964, no. 230, p. 48, fig. 39:6, no. 263, 50, p. fig.43:5, no. 300, p. 53, fig. 44:3, no. 341, p. 57, fig.41:4, and Kniggeand Kovacsovics1981,p. 387, fig.4 (Kerameikos); AgoraXII, no. 666, p. 283, pl. 28 (Pnyx); no. 180,p. 68, pl. LV:115, II, i, nos. 477, 505, 513, 516, pp. 69, 71-72, pls. 36, 39 (probablyAttic);Sciatbi, Alt-Agina Pagenstecher1913, p. 18, and Adriani1940,pl. XLVI:3(allfromAlexandria,but possiblyAttic);Corinth VII, iii, pp. 64-66; AcXr 27, 1972, B' 2 [1977], p. 374, pl. 315:a (Delphi);MedionV, pp. 83-92; CVA,Copenhagen4 [Denmark4], pl. 181 [184]:4(Rhodes);CVA,Brussels3 [Belgium3], pl. 3 [138]:9,22 (Kalymnos);Epyov 1971, butpossiblyAttic);AeXT21, 1966,B' 1 [1968],p. 197,pl. 201:a (Thebes);BCH 108, 1984, p. 65, fig.76 (Amphipolis, p. 770, fig.58 (Elis);Hampe 1971,no. 109,pp. 73-75, pl. 72;Siebert1978,pl. 46.

PAINTED(WESTSLOPE)DECORATION

69

clearlyAttic, but the custom was also common at Corinth, for example, where the range of names is much greater than at Athens, and in Boiotia, and also occurs in Italy.134Scholars have taken an interest in these names since early in this century,when Charles Picard drew attention to them and connected them with Athenaios' ypoqctta.tx6v xactvxnca.l35 Athenaios explains the term as tco yp&aatrtaa?Eov yxeXapacytivotand proceeds to cite a variety of tragic and comic poets in support of his definition (11.784d, 466e-467c). The 4th-century comic poet Alexis describes a "round, very small, and old cup, with letters in a circle"; the letters are in gold and read a name that is well represented on extant pots. Another citation, from the At6; ECOTpog,136 of the 5th-century tragic poet Achaios, describesa cup with the inscription Atov6aou,137 Omphale again a common name on clay cups. The vessel described by Alexis must have been made of metal, for its handle is described as auvTeOXacre'vov(crushed), a word elsewhere applied to gold earrings in a temple inventory (IG II2 1544, line 21). This provides another instance of a precedent in metalwork for ceramics. The cup mentioned by Achaios was perhaps of metal as well, for no inscribed clay cups ofthe 5th century are known.138Picardand others have connected these inscriptions with the custom of dedicating various mixings of wine to different divinities. This practice, too, is elaborately attested in Athenaios, who specifically mentions drinking in honor of Zeus Soter, the Agathos Daimon, and Hygieia,139all of whom appear on 4th-century and early Hellenistic cups. The meaning of the abstractterms must be slightlydifferent,referring to a quality of the wine or of the cup.140A "cupof friendship"(x6Xti cpiXoreata),for instance, was drunk by the Greeks, as by friends today, as a symbol of peace and amity.141 The inscription BCopov,unusual because it is not, like the others, in the genitive, seems transparent;either the cup itself was intended as a gift or it illustratedsomething that was a gift (see above under thymiaterion, p. 63). With very few exceptions142these inscriptionsappear on drinking cups, and this is the only place we find them at the Agora. At least half of the instances are on Classical shapes, but the inscriptions also occur on strictly Hellenistic shapes, in particular on Hellenistic kantharoiwith angular walls (eight examples), and once in conjunction with the checkerboard and rectangle pattern (124). Together with the contexts, these facts indicate that the practice survived well 134

E.g. IG XIV 2406:81 and 109; CVA,Enserune [France6], pl. 14 [243]:1.

135 Picard 1910, pp. 104-106; Picard 1913, pp. 174-178. See also Wolters 1913, pp. 197-199. 136 Athenaios 11.784d-466e. 'hv 6i4tv exbto 'TOo noTlptou Y? sOL Tp(Lxtoov. iv Yap cxpoyyUXov, Vtwxp6vn&vu,

,Xa0t6v,ftra auvr0eXaatvov oap61pa,

B. &pay' MvSexa SXovxuxXq)Te ypA(i&tiaTc'. Xpuaa ((AiL6g :Eo)rpoog; A. oix &XXoutiiv o5v. 137 Athenaios 11.466f (Nauck/Snell, TGF,p. 754, fr. 33). 6

ox6<poq ie xoTuOeouxaXel 7iXatt

-6 yp&1a

tira xal Tp&rov (palcOvcLv5,Wkt',

Q viOT6 T' T tipeoant,xo6x &itouatav ix Too6fixetvaa&v 'r6 T' 0 x%rp6aaoeov. 138 A fragment of Aristophanesperhaps providesanother 5th-centuryreference to the custom (Kock, CAFI, p. 547, fr. 623): y?yvoxe xbt6v &Xeto6v e xaxtT&yp&p6taVtxCa. 139 Athenaios 1.29a, 11.487a-b, 15.692f-693e. 140 Medion V, p. 92. 141 See Athenaios 11.502b; Demosthenes 19.128; 203. 984, Lysistrata Aristophanes,Acharnians 142 Publishedexceptions among Attic vases are a pyxis lid and an askos(Watzinger1901, nos. 19, 23, pp. 75, 77-78), a lebes (Kopcke 1964, no. 341, p. 57, fig. 41:4), and a small oinochoe (Patsiada 1990, no. 177, p. 191, pl. 76:a).

70

POTTERY 3. THE DECORATIONOF ATTICHELT.I,NISTIC

into the 3rd century. Most of the inscribed pots were probably made before the middle of the century,but the use of incision on 217 would be surprisingat so early a date and suggestssporadic use of letters in the third quarter of the 3rd century. Summary Myrtle Volute garland Charm necklace Grapevine with grapes Inscriptions Thymiaterion Wheat Grapevine without grapes Palmette Ivy Olive Spearhead necklace Ribbing Dot rosette Diagonal waves Hoops and leaves Rectangle of tiny dots Dolphin Iunx(?) Tripod(?) Cornucopia (single) Butterfly Elaborate cross Bunch of grapes Cornucopia (dikeras) Branch Wreath Knotted fillets Spiral waves Torch Leaf Other starlikemotifs Rosette Plain cross Checkerboardand rectangles Figured scene Maltese cross Running spiral Pseudo bead and reel Wavy line Bead and reel

Classical-275, a few later examples Classical-275 Classical-250 Classical-250 Classical-250, one later exaimple Classical-220 Classical-110 Classical-86 Classical-86 Classical-75 Classical-10 Classical-10 325-200 Late 4th century-86 280-200 280-200, one later example 280-200, two later examples) 280-200, two later examples> ca. 275 ca. 275? 275-260 275-250 275-225 275-200 275-200 275-200 275-200, one later example 275-200 275-200, one later example 275-200 275-190 275-86 275-75 275-10 270-86 250-200 250-200 250-200 and ca. 50 250-86 250-86 250-10

PAINTED(WESTSLOPE)DECORATION

Dots: small Star Asterisk Lattice Union jack Thunderbolt Wavy-line garland Lotus corolla Lozenge Zigzag Parallellines Teardrop Quartered circle Dots: large Diagonal lines Trefoil garland Running dog Branch or feather Palm frond Sistrum Isis knot Isis crown(?) Panathenaic amphora Scroll Bird

250-10 250-10 250-10 240-86 225-200 225-200 225-175?, one later example 225-175, 120-10 225-50 210-50? 200-86 125-86 125-86 125-10 120-10, one earlier example 120-10 75-10 50-10 50-10 50-10 50-10 50-10 50-10 50-10 50-10

71

4

WORKSHOPS MECHANICAL NATURE of the production of moldmade bowls made it possible in THE AgoraXXII to define two sizable groups made up of vessels sharing a large number of stamps. The internal cohesion of the groups suggested that each was the product of a discrete workshop, Workshop A or the Workshop of Bion, both of which flourished between ca. 225 and 175.1 Although wheelmade pottery does not lend itself as readilyto this sort of classification,a few clues make it possible to expand the picture of Hellenistic ceramic workshopssketched in AgoraXXII. In an earlier study2 I outlined seven groups of West Slope vessels associated on the basis of their painted decoration. The details of that analysis will not be repeated here, but the results are summarizedand, where possible, expanded by the addition of new material. To group objects together by similar motifs is a relatively simple process; it is difficult, however, to know what the similarities mean. Do they indicate that all the objects were made in the same shop? Or do they only imply that they are more or less contemporary? The evidence of the moldmade bowls suggests that relatively few shops functioned at any one time, making it more likely that the similarities can be viewed as workshop markers. It will be seen, however, that the degree of internal cohesion within West Slope groups varies. In some instances all the vessels might well have been painted by the same hand; in other cases the resemblance is more general, limited to shared motifs or shared ways of painting certain motifs. Furtherstudy of the seven groups defined in 1991 suggests that some can be placed together in the same workshop. The Dikeras and Edwards Groups certainly belong in the same shop, which was active in the early 3rd century and can perhaps be traced to about 215. If, as I argue below, it is the same as the Workshopof Bion, we can follow it further,into the early years of the 2nd century. The Large Leaf Groups and the Gaudy Amphora Group may representa single late Hellenistic workshop,which seems to have survivedthe Sullan sack to produce Mottled Oliver lids. A number of deposits in the Agora are in large part dumps from potters' shops, but most are made up of a mixture of pottery from more than one workshop and therefore cannot provide evidence for building and expanding workshop groups. Potteries produced a lot of waste, and their spoil heaps were a good source of materialto fill an abandoned cistern or the foundationsof a new building. The constructionfill of the Middle Stoa, for instance, contained large numbersof wasters, along with molds for moldmade bowls, affirmingthat much of it derived from workshop dumps. But moldmade bowls from both Bion's workshop and Workshop A are represented, and the fill must have been collected from the debris of more than one shop. Like most of the deposits that contain workshop material, it is a tertiary deposit: pottery broken in the course of firing or handling in the shop (primarydeposit) was collected and thrown onto a dump near the shop (secondary deposit), then removed to serve as fill elsewhere (tertiary deposit). The Satyr Cistern (N 21:4) is the only deposit that appears to be made up of pottery from a single shop, the Workshopof Bion, which may have been located in the immediate area. The nearby Komos Cistern (M 21: 1) also contained material from that shop, including several molds for bowl manufacture,but about ten percent of its moldmade bowls come from WorkshopA. Many objects 1 AgoraXXII, pp. 26-29. 2 Rotroff 1991.

THE PTOLEMYGROUP:280-260

73

from E 14:1 were produced by the Edwards/Dikeras Workshop,but there is also material from other sources. Thus, without strong confirming evidence, one cannot assume that all material in a workshop dump comes from a single workshop.

THE BRACKET LEAF GROUP: 280-250 This is the least cohesive of the West Slope groups, and the most that can be said with assurance is that the vessels are probably all about contemporary. They are certainly by more than one hand. There are very close similarities, for instance, between the decoration of 122 and that on a skyphos in London, a cup-kantharosfrom Samos, a kantharos in Brussels, and a pyxis lid from Pella, and they may well be the work of one person. The same motifs have been painted in a very different style, however, on 415 and 1226 (themselvespainted by a single hand). Whether or not the two artisansin question workedin the same shop is impossibleto say. Fourof the pots in the group come from the same context (89, 408, 409, and P 4065, all from H 16:3), but it is not a context that betrays any evidence of workshop activity. Vessels of this group have been found on Aigina, Kalymnos, and Samos, at Demetrias and Pella, and on the north coast of the Black Sea, which gives a fair indication of the continued wide export of Athenian ceramics in the early Hellenistic period. Listed and illustratedin Rotroff 1991, nos. 1-15, pp. 65-70, figs. 1-4, pis. 14-17: Cup-kantharos Cup-kantharos? Kantharos, special handles Calyx-cup Bowl-kantharos Skyphos Angular kantharos Amphora Pyxis lid Covered bowl

89 Samos, K 4116 (SamosIV, no. 262, p. 114, pl. 57, Beilage9) BrusselsA 1717 (CVA,Brussels3 [Belgium 3], pl. 3 [138]:10) 122 WiirzburgL 728 (Langlotz 1932, no. 728, p. 132, pl. 223) II, i, no. 483, p. 70, pl. 37) Aigina 1025 (Alt-Agina London, BritishMuseum 1928.1-17.74 (Kopcke 1964, pl. 47:3) P 4065 (Rotroff 1991, no. 4)

408, 409, 415 1220, 1226 Athens, Kerameikos(Vierneisel 1964, col. 456, fig. 50, left)

To which now add: Cup, moldmade feet? Pyxis lid

Demetrias (A. E. Furtwangler 1990, p. 50, pl. 15:b) Pella AK 90/2a (Drougou 1991, pp. 106-107, e)

THE PTOLEMY GROUP: 280-260 This group is cohesive but very small and cannot be related to any workshop. Its chief interest lies in the recognizable portrait of Ptolemy I or II on two emblem bowls (333 and 376), which provides a historical anchor for the date (see p. 117 below).

4. WORKSHOPS

74

Listed and illustratedin Rotroff 1991, nos. 53-57, pp. 80-81, pl. 29: 314

Cup, moldmade feet Cup, interior decoration

333-335, 376

Similar,but not by the same hand: Kantharos

27

THE EDWARDS/DIKERAS WORKSHOP The Edwards and Dikeras Groups are more cohesive, and shape confirms the associations made on the basis of decoration. Close study of the shapes of the kantharoiindicates that both groups belong to the same workshop. The cup-kantharosTuiibingen1432 of the Edwards Group and the cup-kantharoi75-77, 85 and bowl-kantharos138 of the Dikeras Group share a distinctive and very pronounced nipple on the underside and are probably the work of a single potter, as are 72 and 78, which are quite different in decoration from the other vessels. This feature appears again on two pots of quite different shapes, a skyphos and a bolster-cup both painted by the same individual (162, 167). Nine of the pots in these two groups were found together in the debris in the cistern complex E 14:1/E 14:3, certainly a workshopdump. Small crosses are used as a border motif on a bowl-kantharosof the Dikeras Group (138) and on a cup with interior decoration (332) of the Edwards Group. If this simple design is in fact limited to the workshop,it associates two more cup-kantharoiwith the shop as well (90, 91). A small group of cups that, like 138, are unglazed on the interior may be attributedto the shop more tentatively.Although they are extremelyvaried in their decoration, the lack of glaze is such an unusualfeature as to suggesta workshop association. The pottery of the two groups was widely exported; examples have been found at Demetrias, Aigina, Rhodes, and Gordion, and seven come from the northern shores of the Black Sea. If one can draw any conclusion from these small numbers, it seems the shop traded mostly to the north. The vases related to the Dikeras Group share its characteristic motifs but cover a greater range in date. They could represent the next generation of the shop or later imitations of its work by another shop. THEEDWARDs GROUP: 275-265 Listed and illustratedin Rotroff 1991, nos. 16-25, pp. 70-71, fig. 5, pls. 18, 19: Cup-kantharos

Bowl-kantharos Angular kantharos Cup, interior decoration Oinochoe Plate Guttus

74 Frankfurt,Museum fur Vor- und Frtihgeschichte(Schaal 1923, p. 79, pl. 59:e) Tubingen 1432 (Watzinger1924, G 2, p. 68, pl. 50) Bonn 1302 (Antiken ausBonn,no. 234, pp. 203-204, pl. 108) P 31801 (Rotroff 1991, no. 20) 332 460 630 1152

WORKSHOP THEEDWARDS/DIKERAS Pyxis lid

75

1224

To which now add: Demetrias (A. E. Furtwangler 1990, p. 51, pl. 15:c) Angular kantharos I have also seen a plate of this group on display in Rhodes. THEDIKERasGROUP: 270-260 Listed and illustratedin Rotroff 1991, nos. 26-40, pp. 72-76, figs. 6, 7, pis. 20-24: Cup-kantharos

Cup-kantharos? Bowl-kantharos

75-77, 85 Providence,Rhode Island 25.111 (CVA,Providence I [USA 2], pl. 27 [81]:5) Gordion P 2078 Mirmeki (MirmekiIII, p. 80, fig. 71)

138 Munich, Staatliche Antikensammlung6126 (Vogell,no. 334, pl. VI: 13) Gottingen III-16 (Vogell,no. 336, p. 35, fig. 14:c, pl. VI:3) Frankfurt,Museum fur Vor- und Fruhgeschichte(Schaal 1923, p. 79, pl. 59:d) II, i, no. 489, p. 70, pl. 38) Aigina 1313 (Alt-Agina

Oinochoe Pyxis lid

461 1223 Oxford, Ashmolean 1925.76 (CVA,Oxford 1 [Great Britain 3], pls. 4 [96]:9, 47 [139]:7)

To which now add: Cup-kantharos Cup-kantharos? Cup, interior decoration Amphora

Demetrias (BCH 98, 1974, pp. 660-663, fig. 196, third row,left) Rhodes, II9339 (Patsiada 1990, no. 96, p. 172, fig. 18, pl. 64:a) 336, 337

411

Also possibly from this workshop,though probablyby differenthands from the above: Cups with nippled underside: 72, 78 Cup-kantharos 162 Skyphos 167 Bolster-cup Vesselswith small crosses as borders: 90, 91 Cup-kantharos Cups with unglazed interiors: 84 Cup-kantharos Bowl-kantharos 145 186 Angular kantharos kantharos 233 Baggy 312, 313, P 158 Cup, moldmade feet

4. WORKSHOPS

76

VASESRELATEDTOTHEDIKERASGROUP:270-215

Listed and illustratedin Rotroff 1991, nos. 41-52, pp. 77-80, figs. 8-11, pis. 24-28: Cup-kantharos? Cup, interior decoration Amphora Oinochoe Bolster krater Plate

Mannheim 227 (CVA,Mannheim 1 [Germany 13], pl. 36 [622]:1) 342 410, 413, 421, P 20184 (Rotroff 1991, no. 44) 465 581 822

Pyxislid

1225

Reversiblelid Lekanislid

1269 1308

To which now add: Cup, interior decoration Baggy kantharos Plate

343 P 31799 821

It is possible that these groups represent the earlier output of the Workshop of Bion, but the suggestion can be made only very tentatively,for the evidence is slight and circumstantial. The Satyr Cistern (N 21:4) has been identified as the dump of a pottery on the basis of molds for moldmade bowls in the middle fill and kiln furniture in both the middle and lower fills. All the attributable moldmade bowls in the middle fill come from the Workshop of Bion,3 and it seems reasonable to assume that most of the material from the lower fill came from that shop as well. That lower fill, rich as it is, does not contain any concentration of West Slope pottery attributableon the basis of decoration.4 Several of the black-glazed bowls, however, have been stamped with the same distinctive palmette (see 885), which may be taken as a hallmarkof the Workshopof Bion. A heavy concentration of bowls with this same stamp occurs in E 14:1 (see 886-888), suggesting that that deposit too contained a significant amount of material from the Workshopof Bion. The pottery in E 14:1 spans a longer period than that in N 21:4, from the last quarter of the 4th century to the end of the 3rd century; among this pottery are several early Hellenistic vessels from the Edwards/Dikeras Workshop.If, as the shared stamp on pottery from E 14:1 and N 21:4 suggests,much of the materialfrom E 14:1 comes from the Workshopof Bion, it follows that the Workshopof Bion and the Dikeras/EdwardsWorkshopmay be one and the same. If we look for confirmationto the few moldmade kratersand amphoras that can be associated with Bion's shop, we are disappointed. The only vessel that preserves painted decoration (459) probablydates around 175, about two generationslater than anything that can be associatedwith the Dikeras/Edwards Workshop;the fact that the painting does not resemble that of attributed pieces is thus not significant. If the above reasoning is correct, however, a long list of vessels can be added to the output of the shop, that is, most of the pottery in N 21:4. A look at the West Slope material reveals a group of rather nondescript pieces decorated with very simple motifs. Two features, however, support the hypothesis that they come from a single shop: the general 3 AgoraXXII, pp. 27, 105.

4 The only pot that can be associated with a Group is 264, an early member of the Incised Wave Group.

THESHARKGROUP:275-240

77

similarityin the decoration of multiple vases (cf. 362-364; 357, 358, 360, and 827; 215, 234, and P 16238) and the resemblance in profile between vessels of the same shape. There is also some evidence to support a relationship to the earlier works of the Edwards/Dikeras shop. One kantharos(P 31799) and one plate (822) classed among those related to the Dikeras Group come from N 21:4, and dolphins on a third piece are similar to those on vessels in that group (1268). Furthermore, the ivy garland on 341, with its thick stem accented with white dots, resembles the much more neatly executed motif on products of the Edwards Group (cf. 74, 460, 630). The following list of possible additions to the Dikeras/Edwards Workshop is restricted to decorated pieces (molded, stamped, or painted);for black and unglazed material in N 21:4, which might also come from the shop, see the list on page 465. Moldmade bowls of the Workshopof Bion (listed in AgoraXXII, p. 27) Moldmade amphora 459 Bowl with outturned rim 885-888, P 6255, P 6259, P 6264, P 15170, P 16263 West Slope material from N 21:4 212, 215, 216 Angular kantharos

Baggykantharos Kantharos, molded rim Cup, interior decoration Amphora Oinochoe Bolster krater Plate Reversible lid By the same hand as 416 Cup, interior decoration Plate

234, 239, 240, 242, 244, 246 303, 304 341,357, 358, 360-364, 366 416 462 582 827 1268

367 831

THE SHARK GROUP: 275-240 All the vases listed here are probably by the same hand, but a distinction can be drawn between a more carefully painted early group (136, 315, 338, P 26883), which dates in the first decade of the span, and the Hellenistic kantharoi and amphoras, dating close to the middle of the 3rd century. Since three were found in E 14:1,where a concentrationof materialfrom the Dikerasand Edwards Groups was found, it is possible that the Shark Group also comes from this workshop. Listed and illustratedin Rotroff 1991, nos. 58-69, pp. 81-85, figs. 12, 13, pls. 30-32: Bowl-kantharos Cup, moldmade feet Angular kantharos Kantharos, molded rim Amphora

136 315, P 26883 (Rotroff 1991, no. 60) 202-205, P 4096, P 8274, P 31795 (Rotroff 1991, nos. 67, 65, 68) 302 414

4. WORKSHOPS

78

To which now add: Cup-kantharos Cup, interior decoration

Braun 1994, no. 7:2, p. 30, pls. 4:y, 10:p 338

THE INCISED WAVEGROUP: 250-200 The core of the group is a series of tall, ungainly baggy kantharoidecorated with a monotonous wave pattern executed in incision and white paint. The similarityof shape and decoration and the use of handle attachmentsmade in the same molds confirm that all emanated from the same shop within a short span of time, probably the last decade of the 3rd century. They are particularly common in deposits P 21:4 and F 17:4, mixed workshop debris that must in part derive from the shop. A few other pieces can be dated earlier on the basis of shape (264, 265), context (196, P 31803), or slightly different decoration (218) but probably come from the same shop. Pots decorated with the wreath/branch/fillet complex of motifs may come from this shop as well (see p. 52). Listed and illustratedin Rotroff 1991, nos. 70-83, pp. 85-88, figs. 14-16, pls. 33, 34: Angular kantharos Baggy kantharos

196, 218, P 4075, P 31803 (Rotroff 1991, nos. 78, 82) 264, 265, 269, 270, P 25555, P 28526, P 28638-P 28640, P 31800 (Rotroff 1991, nos. 71, 73-77)

To which add (all from the core group): Baggy kantharos

267, 268, P 11440, P 20919 (AgoraXXVII, no. 216, p. 197, pl. 50), P 22927, P 28179, P 28180, P 31742 (AgoraXXVII, no. 218, p. 197, pl. 50)

THE LARGE LEAF/GAUDY AMPHORA WORKSHOP: 120-86 West Slope painting became more florid in the second half of the 2nd century, possibly in response to the simplicity of the long-petal moldmade bowl that was introduced around the middle of the century. Wheelmade drinking cups were by now rare, and so this bold form of decoration appears most frequentlyon amphorasand on pyxis lids and reversiblelids. Large Leaf Groups 1-3, characterizedby large garlandsof varioussorts,are likely to come from a single shop, but pieces in Group 4, fragmentaryand very simply decorated, could be merely contemporary. The decoration of vessels of the Large Leaf Groups is closely similar to that on the Mottled Oliver lids of the post-Sullan period (see pp. 43-45) and were probably produced by the same shop. Similarity in the shape and in some elements of the decoration of the two amphoras from the Large Leaf Groups (438, 439) and the amphoras of the Gaudy Amphora Group (440-442) suggeststhat all the groups come from a single shop, with the Gaudy Amphora Group confined to the last years before 86.

THELARGE LEAF/GAUDY AMPHORA WORKSHOP: 120-86

79

THE LARGELEAF GROUPS: 120-86

Listed and illustratedin Rotroff 1991, nos. 84-116, pp. 88-101, figs. 17-29, pis. 35-44: Large Leaf Group 1 Baggy kantharos Oinochoe Pyxis lid Reversible lid

P 3371 (Rotroff 1991, no. 85) 490 1235-1237 1273-1275

Large Leaf Group 2 Amphora Guttus Reversible lid

438 1151 1276-1279

To which now add: Amphora Vogeikoff 1994, p. 44, pl. 15:8 (1289 and P 6007 [Rotroff 1991, no. 92] have now been omitted from this group and reclassifiedas Mottled Oliver.) Large Leaf Group 3 Pyxis lid Reversible lid

1238 P 19657, P 25557 (Rotroff 1991, nos. 102, 105) 1280 P 3365, P 19658 (Rotroff 1991, nos. 100, 104)

Large Leaf Group 4 Akmphora 439 simall amphora 451, 452 5itula 571-575 I?yxislid P 3373 (Rotroff 1991, no. 116) Iteversible lid 1282 (1303 has now been omitted from this group and reclassifiedas Mottled Oliver.) Annette Peignard reports fragments of Attic lids of the Large Leaf Groups in destruction debris of 69 B.C.in the House of the Seals on Delos.5 THE GAUDYAMPHORA GROUP:100-86

Listed and illustratedin Rotroff 1991, nos. 117-119, pp. 101-102, figs. 30-32, pls. 45, 46: Amphora

440-442

5 Lecture on Mytilene in 1994 ("La given at the A' E7toltliovLtxfi uv&vT?aoryta Tr)vEXX7)vtox5x KepaciLxm

vaissellede la Maisondes Sceaux[Delos]").

PART II A'ITIC PO'T"'IERY: SHAPE STUDIES

5 DRINKING CUPS CLASSICAL KANTHAROS AND RELATED SHAPES The major varieties of the Classical kantharos and closely related drinking cups survived into the early Hellenistic period: kantharos,cup-kantharos,kantharoswith special handles, calyx-cup, bowl-kantharos.1 Although these are properly Classical rather than Hellenistic shapes, they must be considered here, since they were the main drinking vessels of the late 4th and early 3rd centuries. They were very common during that period and, as table ware, were relatively sensitive to changes in fashion; they are therefore helpful in charting ceramic development in the early Hellenistic period. CLASSICAL KANTHAROS (1-51; see Graph 3) The Classical kantharosforms the backbone of early Hellenistic pottery chronology. It was the most popular clay drinking cup of the period and as such is well represented in deposits in the Agora, the Kerameikos, and elsewhere in Attica. The body of comparative material is therefore relativelylarge, and there are a number of securely dated deposits that provide a broad chronological outline for shape development. The kantharosseems to have originatedas a variantof the cup-kantharos,formed probablyin the second quarter of the 4th century by substitutingsturdierhandles for the elegant high-swung handles derived from the late-5th-century cup-skyphos.2 It has a molded foot with a scraped groove between the moldings; it is usually concave and nippled underneath, but later pieces have a conical underside. The resting surface is normally flat and slightly beveled, with a scraped groove. The body is convex below, concave above; in earlier examples it sits directly on the foot, but later there is a stem. There is sometimes a scraped groove around the body just below the handle attachments, accompanied by a scraped groove at the junction of foot and body (15). The lower body is occasionally ribbed, more commonly on kantharoi with molded rims, and the ribbing is always bounded by a scraped groove at the bottom. Moldmade vertical spurred handles, rectangular in section, run from the point of greatest diameter of the lower body to the rim. A few molds for their manufacture have been found (48-51). There are two forms of rim: molded and plain, the latter almost always with a slight thickening at the lip. Molded rims were favored earlier and almost all of the kantharoi found at Olynthos are of this type.3 On early Hellenistic kantharoi, however, the plain rim is about three times as common as the molded one. The kantharos is a cup of moderate size, with most examples falling between 9 and 12 cm. in height. 1 The terminology and typology of Sparkesand Talcott (AgoraXII) have been retained here, except that "bowlkantharos"has been substitutedfor the more cumbersome "bowl-shapedkantharos". 2 See AgoraXII, p. 122 for the earlier history of the shape. 3 The single plain-rimmed example at Olynthos (Olynthus XIII, no. 513 A, p. 289, pl. 185 = no. 510 A on pl. 82) is remarkablytall and thin and probably postdates 348 (see p. 20 and AgoraXII, p. 122, note 65).

84

5. DRINKINGCUPS

PLAIN RIM (1-35)

Because the plain-rimmedvariety was the dominant form in the period under consideration, it is discussed first, even though it was introduced later than the form with molded rim.4 The development of the shape can best be outlined by observing examples in dated contexts. Most helpful for the last quarterof the 4th century is the materialfrom Building Z-3 in the Kerameikos, securely dated before 307 (see p. 23). Also useful is the only slightly later and abundant material from level V of the CrossroadsWell (J 5:1) and from the Tholos debris, probably broken and discardedin the earliestyears of the 3rd century (4, 6-8). These cups sit on a low stem that usually grows organicallyout of the foot and has a gracefulconcave profile. The ratio of body diameter to height ranges from 0.87 to 0.93. The lower body is plump and rounded, the upper wall is nearly vertical, slightly concave in profile, and about equal in height to the lower body. The handle spurs are usually nearly horizontal, sometimes slightlyrising, and may be straightsided or slightly flaring. These same characteristicsmay be noted in 3, 5, and 9. 10 and 11 should fall near the end of this period; the former has the sharply rising handle spurs that will become common in the 3rd century. 1 and 2 are earlier, dating perhaps around 325. 1 is without a stem, and the stem of 2 is very thick. The handle spurs taper and rise slightly, and the proportions are squatter(Diam./H. 0.96 [1], 0.99 [2]), falling between the proportionsof the slimmest kantharoi at Olynthos (Diam./H. 1.14) and the slimmest in the group discussed above (Diam./H. 0.87). The proportionsof 12, slimmerthan those of the 4th-centurycups discussedabove, place it in the early 3rd century. The stem has grown higher,as has the upper wall, which now tapers slightly inward. 12 is transitionalto the new formulation of the kantharosthat developed quickly in the first quarter of the 3rd century. This new stage of the shape is well represented by pots from Menon's Cistern, fromAbschnitten I-IV of the Dipylon Well, and from Koroni,5 deposits spanning the first thirty to fifty years of the 3rd century (see pp. 24-28, 31-32). The overall proportions of these vessels are much slimmer,with the diameter-to-heightratio ranging from 0.69 to 0.78. The stem is higher and may be either concave, sloping, or straight in profile. The lower body is pointed, the upper body taller than the lower, its wall slightly inclined. The handles are often strongly canted upwards and the spurs are almost always flaring. The earliest examples of this formulation in the Agora are 13-15; the latest kantharoi in Menon's Cistern (e.g. 16) show the shape at the end of the first quarterof the 3rd century. 17-19 are very similar. Little development beyond this stage is evident in kantharoifrom Koroni. They are slightly more slender but otherwise much the same, and there are no examples in the Agora more developed than those at Koroni. A very high, cylindricalstem may be an indication of late date (e.g. 23), but note that the stem of 16 is alreadyquite high. Kantharoi of largersize (H. 13-15 cm.) began to be made more commonly around 275 (20-22, 24), although in shape and proportions they are much like material in Menon's Cistern. The somewhat awkward profile of 24 may indicate a late date, and the unusually heavy lower body of 25 may show the influence of the Hellenistic kantharoithat were being made in the second quarter of the century. The contexts indicate, then, that the shape reached its ultimate development in the 270's and may have continued for some years thereafterwith little change. A similarphenomenon may be observed with Attic skyphoi, which show little development in the last years of production (see p. 94). With both of these shapes, the practical limits of the trend towards increasing slenderness 4 See AgoraXII, p. 122. The molded rim is well attested for the second quarter of the 4th century; Sparkes

and Talcott present no firm evidence for the plain rim before the middle of the century. 5 Stella G. Miller 1974, nos. 4, 5, p. 229, pl. 30; Braun 1970, nos. 7, 78, 100, 113, pp. 134, 139, 142, 144, pls. 54:2, 56:4, 58:1, 59:1; Vanderpool, McCredie, and Steinberg 1962, nos. 14, 15, 35-38, pp. 34, 35, 37, pl. 20.

CLASSICALKANTHAROSAND RELATEDSHAPES

85

had been reached, but the shape was apparentlystill in demand and so continued to be produced. It is difficult to say how long such production continued. A Classical kantharos was found in IV of the Dipylon well with materialof the second and third quartersof the 3rd century.6 Abschnitt The shape is rarely found in Agora deposits of the third quarter of the 3rd century; it probably ceased to be made around the middle of the century. MOLDED RIM (36-47)

Within the 4th century the development of plain- and molded-rimmed kantharoi seems to run parallel. 36 is a bit heavier than 2, probablydating towardsthe end of the third quarterof the 4th century. The last quarter of the century is representedby 37-40, with thinner proportions, low stems, and fairly horizontal handle spurs with straight or slightly flaring sides. Occasionally an earlier handle mold with tapering sides has been used to make a handle for a more advanced pot (e.g. 40). The kantharoswith molded rim seems to have been made only in small numbers after ca. 300, for very few pieces are more advanced than 41-43 from level V of the Crossroads Well (J 5:1). The heavy molded rim was perhaps not appropriate to the thinness of the early3rd-century formulation of the shape. Only a single 3rd-century example exists at the Agora (46), with high stem, rising handles with flaring spurs, and a delicate molded rim; it is decorated with West Slope decoration. A piece with a heavy lower body (44) may show the influence of or be transitional to the angular kantharoi introduced in the second quarter of the century (see pp. 100-103); 47 is probably of the same shape. A cup-kantharosin Mannheim7 with a similar profile bears decorative motifs that were probably not introduced before that time. WEST SLOPE DECORATION

Gilded decoration had been applied to the upper bodies of kantharoiof both varieties in the earlier 4th century,and in the Hellenistic period both added clay and true West Slope decoration were used on these shapes sporadically. While painted kantharoi are sometimes very similar to black ones (e.g. 45), more frequentlythey deviate from undecoratedvessels in shape. Forexample, the slender,thin-walled 46 has no black-glazedparallel. Ribbed bodies are much more common on decorated kantharoithan on black-glazedones,8 and the decorated cups are often larger than plain ones. From the outset the potter planned a more elaborate vessel, which was to receive extra decoration. Although exact shape parallels with black examples often cannot be found, the slender proportions, high stems, and rising handles found on most painted examples place them in the 3rd century. Some show motifs that are unknown in the 4th-century decorative repertoire, such as dolphins (27, 32), wreath, and branch (34, 35). The garlands and necklaces popular in the 4th century continue to appear, however (26, 29, 30, 33, 45, 46), though sometimes in a new form (28, 31). CUP-KANTHAROS (52-93; see Graph 3)

The cup-kantharos, which also exists in two versions (plain and molded rim), probably developed out of the cup-skyphosin the firstquarterof the 4th century. As with the kantharos,the earliestcup-kantharoihad molded rims;the plain rim was introducedin the second quarterof the 6 Braun 1970, no. 113, p. 144, pl. 59:1.

7 CVA,Mannheim 1 [Germany 13], pl. 36 [622]:1. See, however, 30, 33, and CVA,Amsterdam 2 [Netherlands 2], pl. 4 [86]:6 for decorated kantharoiwith plain lower bodies. 8

86

5. DRINKING CUPS

century.9 Although the shape continued in use fully as long as the kantharos,it was less popular than the sturdiervariety in the early Hellenistic period. In shape the cup-kantharosis similarto the kantharosbut has fragile, high-swunghandles and slimmer proportions. The rim is more flaring, always greater than the body in diameter, and thins to a delicate lip. The Agora examples are also, on average, slightly larger than kantharoi, with a normal range of 11-14 cm. in height. The foot, like that of the kantharos, is molded, although there is more variationin the treatmentof the restingsurface. Somewhat over half of the Agora examples have a scraped groove in a glazed resting surface, the normal scheme on the kantharos. On some examples the inner edge of the resting surface has been coarsely scraped (e.g.83), while on others the restingsurfaceis flat and reserved(e.g. 80, 82). These are more likely to be indications of workshopthan of date, but a few details are useful for the chronology of both cup-kantharoi and bowl-kantharoi. A reserved and delicately grooved resting surface does not appear after ca. 325 (e.g. 52; cf. 127). Ungrooved resting surfaces are rare after ca. 300, and a broad, flat resting surface with a scraped groove is frequent on pieces of the first quarter of the 3rd century and later (66, 72, 74, 76; cf. 133,134). A sharplynippled, conical underside also appears at this time and is probablycharacteristicof the workof a single potter (72, 75-77, 85; cf. 138). There is a groove, usually scraped, between the moldings of the foot. On early examples with reserved resting surface, this groove is usually reserved rather than scraped. Occasionally it is glazed. The underside of the foot is concave, tending to conical in later examples. The lower body,which becomes tallerand pointed with time, is usuallyplain, although ribbing occurs occasionally, usually on late pieces with West Slope decoration (e.g. 76, 78, 89). Where there is ribbing it is always bounded at the bottom by a scraped groove. Occasionally there is a scraped groove below the handle attachment (e.g. 71), a feature also observed on kantharoi(e.g. 32); this practice is probably confined to the years ca. 300-285, and possibly to a single workshop. The upper body gets higher with time, but there is no regularprogression. Towardsthe end of the development the angle at the top of the handles becomes more acute. PLAIN RIM (52-78)

The plain rim is far commoner than the molded rim in cup-kantharoi of this period, and the chronology must thereforerest on this variety. The clearestand most easily quantifiableindex of change is, as with the kantharoi, increased slenderness. The degree of this development over ca. 60 years can be appreciatedby comparing the figuresfor cup-kantharoifrom Menon's Cistern (Diam./H. 0.64-0.76) with those for cup-kantharoifound at Olynthos (Diam./H. 1.02-1.72). Two examples from level V of the CrossroadsWell (J 5:1), probably dating in the last quarter of the 4th century,have a diameter-to-heightratio of 0.86 and 0.89 (53, P 29176). These figures provide a general guideline for the tracing of shape development. Cup-kantharoi tend to be slightly more slender than kantharoi found with them in the same deposit; compare the range of diameter-to-heightratio for cup-kantharoi(0.64-0.76) and kantharoi (0.73-0.99) found in Menon's Cistern. Because of their unreinforced handles, cupkantharoi are more fragile than kantharoi; they may have had a shorter lifespan and therefore be slightly more recent than kantharoifound with them. But the differencein proportionscan be seen not only in household accumulationsbut also in destructiondeposits, which should not favor sturdierpieces, and it seems likely that the cup-kantharoswas, by design, a slenderer and more elegant shape. 9 For the early history of the shape see AgoraXII, pp. 117-120.

SHAPES ANDRELATED KANTHAROS CLASSICAL

87

Cup-kantharoiof the last quarter of the 4th century (53-57) sit on a low stem with a concave profile. The upper body is already substantiallyhigher than the lower body. Around the turn of the century the upper body becomes even higher (58-62), the overallproportionsmore slender (diameter-to-heightratio in the 0.70's), and the stem sometimes taller (59). Slimmer pieces, like 63-65, probably date in the first quarter of the 3rd century. In these and later pieces the base of the lower body is sometimes offset from the stem (64, 68), a feature not found on earlier stemmed vessels but typical of bowl-kantharoiof this date (e.g. 133, 135). A few pieces from the Agora are slimmerthan examples in Menon's Cistern, but not by much (cf. 75 with 67 and 73 from Menon's Cistern), and some have higher stems (68, 69). An advance can also be recognized in the very pointed lower body with nearly straight wall, in the sharp angle of the top of the handles, and in the wholehearted use of West Slope decoration on 74-78. The cup-kantharoswas not found at Koroni, which may indicate that it was no longer being made in Attica in the 260's. But it is likely that this delicate and elegant shape was simply not suited to the rough-and-tumble life of the soldier or of the rural householder whose equipment he requisitioned. Among the motifs on one of the West Slope pieces (77) is a dikeras,a design introduced no earlier than ca. 275 (see pp. 56-57), and so the shape must have lasted at least into the early second quarter of the 3rd century. MOLDED RIM (79-85)

This variety is much less well represented and can be dated only by comparison to plainrimmed cup-kantharoi. One or two pieces may be placed in the last third of the 4th century (80, 81). The rare variety with high molded rim may also date within the 4th century,at least to judge from the contexts of the two examples (82, 83).10 The shape was reformulatedin the early 3rd century, when it was used exclusively as a vehicle for West Slope decoration (e.g. 85). The molded rim was recast as a boldly projecting external flange, the handles are exaggeratedly high and curved, and the pot rests on a high stem. Most such pieces may be the work of a single atelier, the Edwards/Dikeras Workshop,and date in the years after 275.11 WEST SLOPE DECORATION

Cup-kantharoiwere decorated with gilding earlierin the 4th century,12and a gilded example from Menon's Cistern (70) probably dates at the end of the century. There are several examples of added clay and true West Slope decoration on both varieties of the shape. Like painted kantharoi,decorated cup-kantharoiare more carefullyand sometimes more unusuallymade than their black-glazed fellows. The rim of 70, for example, is extremely flaring, the foot of 72 is very finely turned, the body of 71 is marked with a scraped groove, and a remarkablylarge number of West Slope cup-kantharoihave ribbed lower bodies (e.g. 74, 76, 85). The rims of molded-rim cup-kantharoiwith WestSlope decoration are either very delicate (84) or exaggerated as a curved external flange (85), possibly in imitation of the cup-kantharoiwith tall stems (see below). Decoration is normally confined to the upper body, appearing only once on the lower body (86). 10 The

shape is present at Olynthos, although it is conceivable that the examples there are part of the later material at the site; see Olynthus XIII, nos. 500, 501, pp. 284-285, pls. 184, 186-188; Rotroff 1990a, p. 176. 11 See pp. 74-77 for the workshop. The shape is attested as late as the last quarter of the 3rd century on Cyprus (Mitford 1980, nos. 40, 41, pp. 29-31). 12 Kopcke 1964.

5. DRINKINGCUPS

88

Motifs include the traditional garlands of myrtle (70, 72) and ivy (74), and charm and spearhead necklaces (73, 86), all motifs that are found commonly in 4th-century gold-decorated pottery. Also very common, however, are the leaping dolphins that became popular towardsthe end of the first quarterof the 3rd century (71, 75, 76, 78, 84, 85). One splendid cup is decorated with the complex of cornucopia, grape bunch, and torch that was introduced around 275 (77). As drinkingcups severalcup-kantharoicarryletters dedicating them or their contents to a divinityor quality (see pp. 68-70): philia(72, 76, 77, 85), Dionysos (90), Agathe Tyche (70), Aphrodite (73), Asklepios (87). Four of these West Slope cup-kantharoiappear to be the work of a single painter (75-77, 85; see the Dikeras Group, p. 75), and others can be tentativelyassociatedwith the same workshop on the basis of shape (72, 78, prominent nipple on underside), technical details (84, unglazed interior), or decoration (90, 91, small crosses on flange). TALL STEM

(88-93)

The kantharoswith tall stem, possibly the karchesion of Athenaios 11.474e,13was widespread in Italy and the eastern Mediterraneanin the 3rd century,though quite rare, it seems, in Greece itself.14 Normal are a flanged rim and ribbed lower body, like late West Slope cup-kantharoi with molded rims, but there is a tall stem with a raised band at about half height. The early Hellenistic examples are very similar to silver versions.15But although the shape surely imitated metal, a few pieces show that it also had an ancestryin clay. A low, squat cup-kantharoson a high stem from the Pnyxl6 and a small West Slope cup-kantharosfrom Amphipolis17are significantly lower and broader than 89 and perhaps date in the last quarter of the 4th century. In proportions the two preservedbody fragments are somewhat different from one another. Perhaps 88, lower and broader than 89, is earlier, although without more local examples for comparison one cannot be sure, and there is likely to have been a high degree of variabilityin a shape that was produced so sporadically. The preserved feet also show variation. 93 has two moldings like the feet of normal kantharoiand cup-kantharoi,while 92 is molded in three degrees, 13 Pfrommer 1987, pp. 3-4. 14 For a collection of tall kantharoi see Pfrommer 1987, pp. 185-201, pls. 31, 36-40, with an exhaustive study of the development and possible significance of the form on pp. 3-24. Good parallels for the Agora fragments are three examples from Kalymnos, probably Attic (CVA,Brussels 3 [Belgium 3], pl. 3 [138]:7, 11, 22); one in the Thessaloniki Museum (AeX, 24, 1969, B' 2 [1970], no. 13, p. 293, pl. 302:y); another probable example fromAthens (Charitonides 1981, A.282, p. 174, pl. 42:r)). Note also a stem fragment from Thasos (J9tThasVII, no. 32, p. 127, pl. LV). For the shape in Gnathia ware see Forti 1965, pl. XXI:a. See also an example in faience from Tanagra (A. Furtwangler 1883-1887, I, pl. LXX:3). 15 Cf. a kantharosfrom Kerch (Reinach 1892, no. 2, p. 90, pl. XXXVIII:2, also well illustratedin Strong 1966, p. 96, pl. 26:A) and, more elaborate, the kantharosin the Treasureof Taranto (Wuilleumier1930, pp. 41-47, pls. V, VI). The dating is a matter of some controversy;see Pfrommer 1987, under KP 45 and KP 94, pp. 191, 196. The shape is also known in glass (G. D. Weinberg 1961, no. 17, p. 392, fig. 3). 16 AgoraXII, no. 666, p. 283, fig. 7, pl. 28, there dated to the mid-4th century. Kopcke (1964, no. 244, p. 48) dates it to the early last quarter of the 4th century. The piece comes from the packing inside the Compartment Wall that ran across the Pnyx, dated by Thompson and Scranton in the late 4th century (Thompson and Scranton 1943, p. 334, note 56, d, fig. 15 on p. 294, and pp. 333-340 for the date of the wall). This packing also contained a Rhodian stamped amphora handle of the eponym Euphron, now dated in the 270's on the basis of comparisons with materialfound at Koroni. See Grace 1956b, no. 70, p. 141 for the originalpublication of the handle; for revision of the date and the implications of that date for the wall, see Grace 1963, p. 324, Grace 1974, p. 198, note 19, and H. A. Thompson 1982, p. 146, note 44. Unfortunatelythe context pottery from the wall has been discardedand cannot now be reviewed. 17 Romiopoulou 1967, no. 447, p. 102, fig. 9:a, found in Tomb 96 together with a kantharos (no. 464, p. 100, fig. 9:y) and a calyx-cup (no. 463, p. 101, fig. 10:a) of the last quarter of the 4th century.

CLASSICALKANTHAROSAND RELATEDSHAPES

89

like the feet of kantharoiwith special handles. The latter is the version that most often is found on fully preserved comparanda. The contexts are not much help in narrowing down the date of these pieces. 88 was found in D-E 8-9:1 with other kantharoiand cup-kantharoiranging in date from the last quarterof the 4th century to the first quarter of the 3rd. In shape 89 is similar to the latest cup-kantharoi, suggesting a date in the second quarter of the 3rd century. Its decoration places it within the Bracket Leaf Group; it is close in some details to that on the pyxis 1220, from a deposit probably laid down around 275 or slightly later. The tall cup-kantharosappears as a motif on moldmade bowls beginning in ca. 225,18 which suggests that it continued to be made, in silverif not in clay,at least until the early last quarter of the 3rd century. SPECIALHANDLES KANmTAROS: (94-117; see Graph 3)

In the late Classical and early Hellenistic period several varieties of the kantharos were produced by applying differentforms of handle or foot to the traditionalbody shape, generallyfor the effect of greater elegance. KNOTTED HANDLES 19(94-100)

This exclusivelyblack-glazedshape has a standardkantharosfoot,20with a scraped groove in the resting surface, between the moldings, and, sometimes, at the junction of stem and body. The lower body is usually plain; occasionally it is ribbed (cf. 97) or is vertically grooved above a scraped groove below the handle attachments(cf. 98). The upper body is usually very straight, neither tapering like the kantharosnor flaringlike the cup-kantharos,and the rim is like that of the kantharos, plain and slightly thickened at the lip. The delicate double handles are knotted at the top of the arch in a Herakles knot, a widespread good-luck symbol that had been used as handle decoration on earlier pottery and was introduced in the 4th century on jewelry as well.21 Normally the handles run from the lower body to the rim, where the two strandsdiverge,forming a flange. This was not a very common shape, and the twelve inventoried examples show only limited development, suggesting that it was not produced for a very long time. On the basis of context, 94 should date early in the last quarter of the 4th century. Also probably early is 95, which, though relatively slim, has a very thick stem. The variations here may reflect uncertainty in the early stages of the formulation of the shape. Examples from higher levels in the same well that produced 94 have a slightly lighter foot and thinner proportions(e.g. 96). The small fragment97, which Sparkes and Talcott placed in the third quarter of the century,22is not so differentthat it 18

E.g. P 4016 (H. A. Thompson 1934, C 36, p. 363, fig. 48 and D 49, pp. 386-387, fig. 74); P 12060, P 23526, P 20286 (AgoraXXII, nos. 115, 138, 178, pp. 58, 60, 65, pis. 20, 26, 33). The motif continues to appear on bowls as late as the second quarter of the 2nd century. This does not necessarily mean, however, that the shape was still current; the motif, once part of the repertoire, might well have been retained long after the shape that inspired it had fallen into disuse. 19 AgoraXII, p. 123, Form 1. 20 Note, however, an example from Peiraieus with a plain, conical foot (AeXrx27, 1972, B' 1 [1976], p. 171, pl. 114:P). 21 DarSag IV, i, pp. 87-88, s.v. Nodus; Wolters 1905, pp. 1-22. Pfrommer (1987, p. 164, note 1082) promises a work on the specifically Macedonian meaning of the Herakles knot. For the knot on earlier pottery see AgoraXII, pp. 73, 123, and referencescited there; Athenaios 11.500a refersto its use as a handle decoration on Boiotian pottery. For the knot in jewelry see Amandry 1953, p. 120; Higgins 1961, p. 155; The Search nos. 79-82, 88, for Alexander, p. 143, pls. 12, 14. 22 AgoraXII, no. 716, p. 287.

90

5. DRINKINGCUPS

need be so early,and the shape may not have been made much before ca. 325. The thin-walled98 and 99, with taller upper wall and delicate rim, were probablymade at the end of the century. 98 has unusual handles, attached below the rim. Unusual also is the treatment of the lower body (horizontal, wheel-run groove with ribbing above), apparently limited to the late 4th and early 3rd century, and possibly to a single workshop. Only one example (100) shows the effects of the early-3rd-centuryreformulationof the kantharos shape, with higher stem and significantly slimmer proportions. The shape does not occur in Menon's Cistern, and no examples are as slender as the latest kantharoi there. It is lacking also in all but the lowest Abschnitten of the Well. It it did not far that survive into the 3rd century. seems, therefore, Dipylon ROTELLE HANDLES23(101)

A single kantharos with a double handle with a rotelle at the arch and a three-stage foot has already been published by Sparkes and Talcott;24the date should now be shifted from ca. 325 to the last quarter of the century. STRAP HANDLES, TURNED FOOT25(102-112)

The type is identifiedby its distinctivefoot and handles, which relate it to both the Corinthian skyphos and the bowl-kantharoswith turned foot (see pp. 93 and 95 below). Like those shapes, it is almost alwayspainted. Below a low stem, the upper element of the foot is cylindrical,flaringout to a broad lower element with the vertical edge divided in two by a scraped groove. The resting surface is flat and grooved, the underside concave and nippled or, in later examples, conical. Often there is a scraped groove at the junction of foot and stem or of stem and body. Strap handles run from the lower body to below the rim, with thumb rests in the form of ivy leaves or comic masks. On one (106) there is instead a rotelle and, below it, a spur. The rim is flaring and has a thin, delicate lip, like the cup-kantharosrather than the standard kantharos or the kantharos with knotted handles. The turned foot resembles the foot of the Boiotian kantharos of Form 6, made in Boiotia from the early 4th century.26 The thumb rest is also paralleled by the thorn on the handle of the Boiotian pieces, and the Attic shape was probablyinfluencedby the Boiotian one. At the head of the Agora series stands 102, which Sparkes and Talcott placed in the third quarter of the 4th century.27It is certainly earlier than the pieces from layer V of the Crossroads Well (J 5: 1)but possiblyno earlierthan ca. 325. Materialfrom the CrossroadsWell (103, 104) and 105, with increasinglyslender proportionsand thinner stems, bring the shape down to the end of the century. Various features, not always occurring together,are typical of the early 3rd century: thinner stem (106, 109, 110), pointed lower body (107, 109, 111, 112), and high upper body (108, 109, 112). Larger pieces (108, 110, 112) were introduced at this stage, and the resting surface,where preserved, is very broad (109, 110). Even more extreme development is attested by a presumably Attic piece from Gabbari, in Egypt, with an extremely deep lower body.28 Unlike examples found in Athens, it is decorated 23

AgoraXII, p. 123, Form 2. AgoraXII, no. 719, p. 287, fig. 7, pl. 29. 25 AgoraXII, p. 123, Form 3. 26 Kabirion nos. III, 75-86, pp. 13-14, 17-18, 129, pls. 6, 46:41-53; P.N. Ure 1913, no. 24, p. 54, pl. XVII:24; P.N. Ure 1927, p. 37, Shape D vii, pl. X:34-37. 27 AgoraXII, no. 720, p. 287. 28 Pagenstecher 1913, p. 18, fig. 24. The checkerboardalso appearson a kantharosin Heidelberg (p. 19, fig. 25 = Hampe and Gropengiesser 1967, pp. 78-79, 112, pl. 33). 24

CLASSICALKANTHAROSAND RELATEDSHAPES

91

in true West Slope technique, with white accents, and with the checkerboard-rectanglepattern that probably was not used before ca. 270. A fragment of a foot probably from this shape was collected on the surface at Koroni,29 which also hints at continued production of the shape in the 260's. VARIANTS(114, 115)

A few early Hellenistic drinking cups are apparent experiments and cannot be classified by type. 114 is related to kantharoi with strap handles and turned foot, but the foot has no stem, and the handles here are grooved rings. These handles and the horizontal, wheel-run grooves at the junction of upper and lower body mimic Boiotian kantharoi of Form 6, in use at least until the third quarter of the 4th century and probably beyond.30 The context of 114 is late, but the piece is probably early Hellenistic. Not enough remainsof 115 to reconstructthe shape; it could be either a similar kantharosor a mug; context dates it around 300. GROUP OF VATICANG 116 (116,

117)

Two fragmentary kantharoi preserve features that relate them to a fine group of northern Italian cups. The lower body has a scraped groove below the handle attachments with vertical grooving above, a treatment already noted on a kantharoswith knotted handles (98). On 116 is preserved a delicate molded rim and a very high upper body. This piece has strap handles, but 117 preservesthe roots of double handles like those on kantharoiwith knotted handles. The closest analogy to the shape seems to be kantharoiof Beazley's Group of Vatican G 116. Found mostly in Italy and usually made of fine, black-glazedMalacena ware, these were produced from the 4th to the 2nd century, probably in the area of Volterra.31 The Agora pieces appear to be Attic on the basis of the fabric and the unusual treatmentof the lower body. Contexts and details of shape and decoration suggest a range of ca. 290-270 for the shape. 117 was found in a deposit dating ca. 310-275, and 116 has true West Slope decoration, though of an early type, which would support a date at the end of that range. The delicately molded rim of 116 is also similarto that of 46, a kantharosof the first quarter of the 3rd century. If the resemblance of these pieces to the Malacena kantharoiis not merely fortuitous,and if, as seems to be the case, the earliest Malacena kantharoi were made in the mid-4th century,32 we see here an instance of Italian influence on Greek ceramics of the early Hellenistic period. CALYX-CUP (118-126; see Graph 3) The calyx-cup is, in essence, a cup-kantharoswithout foot or handles,33related to the phiale and originating in imitation of Macedonian silver cups, themselves inspired by Achaemenid cups.34 The underside is normally concave, with a central nipple, although on one of the latest pieces it is flat (123). This area is surroundedby a ridge and a deep scraped groove. The lower 29

Varoucha-Christodoulopoulou 1961, no. 30, p. 337, pl. III:42, 43, facing p. 336.

30 Kabirion III, pp. 13-14, pl. 6.

31

Beazley 1947, pp. 231-233; Beazley and Magi 1939, no. 116, p. 93, pl. 35. More recent discussions of the shape appear in BolsenaIII, i, pp. 108-111 and Montagna Pasquinucci 1972, Form 128, pp. 403-408, fig. 5 on p. 287. Mostly the lower bodies are plain, but Beazley notes two examples with ribbing (Beazley 1947, nos. 72, 74, p. 233; see A. Furtwangler 1885, II, no. 2886, p. 799, pl. VII:298). 32 Bolsena III, i, p. 111. 33 For an example that may once have had a foot see Byvanck-Quarlesvan Ufford 1957, p. 62, fig. 1. 34 See AgoraXII, pp. 121-122, with bibliography cited there. For a study of the Macedonian Achaemenid cup see Pfrommer 1987, pp. 56-63. For gilded and silver-platedclay calyx-cups see Drougou 1991, pp. 40-43.

92

5. DRINKINGCUPS

body is decorated with a corolla of petals, incised into the surface of the clay before glazing. The petals may be contiguous or spaced, sometimes with an additional vertical line between them. Horizontal ribbing also occurs.35 The junction of upper and lower body is always marked by a scraped groove, and another groove often appears at the top of the ribbing. The upper body flareswidely to a plain, thin lip and is usually painted. The center of the floor is decorated with a plain boss in the earliest examples (e.g. 118), but in more developed pieces this is replaced by a head: in five cases a comic mask (e.g. 119, 120, 126), in three or four the head of an African (e.g. 123, 125).36 The replacement of the boss by a head probably begins during the last quarter of the 4th century.37 At least one calyx-cup was found at Olynthos,38suggestingthat the shape may have begun to be manufacturedbefore the middle of the 4th century,but the fact that eighteen of the twenty-one examples inventoried at the Agora probably date after ca. 325 shows that the calyx-cup was not common in clay before that time.39 Like the kantharos and cup-kantharos, the calyx-cup developed from a low, broad shape to a tall, thin one. At the beginning of the Hellenistic series stands 118, which Sparkesand Talcott dated in the third quarter of the 4th century.40Found in a pyre with a kantharosof the last quarterof the 4th century (101), it is well advanced beyond the Olynthos example, and we may thereforeshift the date downward. Two examples from Menon's Cistern (119, 120) show two later stages, with comic-mask bosses on the floor and increasingly thinner proportions. The final logical step in the shape development may be seen in the very elongated 121. Three pieces perhaps from a differentworkshopare characterizedby a more angular profile and very thin walls. The decoration of 122 places it in the Bracket Leaf Group, and it probably dates at the end of the first quarter of the 3rd century. 123 is very close to it in shape, but the decoration indicates it may be slightly later. It represents one of the earliest instances of the use of the checkerboard-rectanglemotif that was introduced around 270. This motif appears also on 124, less delicately done. These two are thus the latest examples of the shape, which probably died out early in the second quarterof the 3rd century. BoWL-KANTHARos (127-149; see Graph 3) This shape, related to the kantharos in its handles and foot, exists in both a Classical and an early Hellenistic variety. (127-140) The Classical version of the bowl-kantharos,with standardkantharosfoot, high-swung handles, and hemisphericalbody, continued to be made in the early Hellenistic period. Development of this shape in the 4th century had been in terms of "rethinking"the shape of rim and body,41 CLASSICAL TYPE

35 E.g. P 19462 (AgoraXII, no. 693, p. 285, pl. 28); Vickers, Impey,and Allan 1986, p. 19. 36 Also from the Agora, P 18462 and P 2111 (AgoraXII, nos. 693, 694, p. 285, pl. 28). Forwell-preservedexamples with Africans as emblems, see CVA,Amsterdam 2 [Netherlands2], pl. 4 [86]:3; CVA,Mainz 1 [Germany 42], pl. 43 [2056]:7, 8. 37 Though Pfrommer (1987, KaB M 4, M 5, p. 235) dates some silver examples with heads in the third quarter of the century. 38 XIII, no. 526, p. 294, pls. 190, 215 = no. 521A, pl. 191; and probablyalso no. 527, p. 294. These could, Olynthus however,come from post-348 reoccupation. 39 Pfrommer(1987, p. 63) attributesits increasedpopularity to pro-Macedonian sentiment. 40 AgoraXII, no. 692, p. 285. 41 AgoraXII, p. 121.

CLASSICALKANTHAROSAND RELATEDSHAPES

93

from a hemisphericalbowl with straightrim to a shallowerbowl with incurved rim, and then back to the straight-rimmed,hemisphericalform; this reformulationcontinued in the early Hellenistic period. Silver versions of the shape are known42and doubtless contributed to its development. From the last quarter of the 4th century to the early 3rd century two main stages of shape development may be observed. In the first stage, ca. 325 to the early 3rd century, the bowl is almost perfectly hemispherical, the rim plain and only very slightly incurved, and the stem taller than in earlier examples like 127. Development is from a lower, thicker stem (128) to a higher, thinner one (129-132). The latest piece of this phase (133) has a high, somewhat awkwardstem and a slightly elongated body. This is also the only Agora example with painted decoration,43 which occurs on all examples of the subsequentphase. In this subsequent and final stage of the Classical shape, the rim is outturned, the body elongated, with a glazed groove or offset at the base, and the stem is high and thin.44 One unusually large piece (135) has a plastic emblem in the center of the floor. 134, with its Classical decoration in orange alone, is probablythe earliestof the pieces presented here, dating late in the first quarter of the 3rd century. Others have true West Slope decoration (136, 138), sometimes with new, early Hellenistic motifs,45and some can be attributedto workshopgroups datable in the years after ca. 275.46 There is very little development, however,and so the phase was a short-lived one. (For details of the development of the foot in the Classical type, see under cup-kantharos, p. 83 above.) HFRTJ.NISTIC TYPE

(141-146) A new version of the bowl-kantharosemerged in the early 3rd century. It is almost exclusively a West Slope shape,47developing out of the latest straight-rimmedpieces. Compare two pieces from Menon's Cistern: 133, the latest of the straight-rimmedClassical bowl-kantharoiand the only one with painted decoration, and 141. The body shape and scraped groove on the body are the same in both. But 141 has a turned foot and strap handles with ivy-leaf thumb rests borrowed, presumably, from kantharoi with special handles. The painted decoration on this shape is almost always Classical rather than Hellenistic, the standardgarlands in one case (144) punctuated by what is perhaps a iunx(see p. 58). There is, however, one possibly Attic piece with dolphins and white paint.48 Variation can be noted in the height of the foot (cf. 141 and 144), but since the higher form of foot appears alreadyinAbschnittIb at the bottom of the Dipylon Well,49 this is probably not a reliable chronological indicator. It seems from the uniformity of its shape and decoration that the shape was produced for only a short time, ca. 290-275. 42

Vickers, Impey, and Allan 1986, pl. 18. For another see Breccia 1930, pl. XXI, fig. 1. 44 For other West Slope examples see Alt-AginaII, i, no. 489, p. 70, pl. 38 and no. 516, p. 72, pl. 39; Rotroff 1991, no. 37, p. 76, pl. 23 (by the same hand as the preceding) and no. 33, p. 76, pl. 22; Vogell,nos. 334, 337-339, p. 37, pl. VI:7, 9, 11, 13, 15; Kopcke 1964, pl. 46:7-9;Jacopi 1932, pp. 124-125, fig. 7. 45 Thymiaterion (Rotroff 1991, no. 33, p. 76, pl. 22); cornucopia (Jacopi 1932, pp. 124-125, fig. 7 and Braun 1970, no. 103, p. 143, fig. 4, pl. 58:1). 46 136, Shark Group. 138, Dikeras Group. Also in the Dikeras Group, GOttingenIII-16 (Rotroff 1991, no. 33, p. 76, pl. 22). WiirzburgL 728 (Rotroff 1991, no. 5, p. 69, pl. 15) may be assigned to the Bracket Leaf Group. 47 A few examples in black glaze are known: Sciatbi,pl. LV:114; Breccia 1930, no. 21880, p. 126, pl. XX:2. 48 BCH 96, 1972, p. 741, from Amphipolis. 49 Braun 1970, no. 10, p. 134, pl. 54:1. 43

5. DRINKINGCUPS

94 VARIANTS (147-149)

Three unique pieces show varyingdegrees of similarityto the bowl-kantharoidescribedabove and are grouped here for convenience. 147 resemblesthe Classicalbowl-kantharosin its molded foot and hemispherical body but has the strap handles of the Hellenistic bowl-kantharos. Its crude decoration is most closely related to that on baggy kantharoiand hemisphericalcups of the middle to third quarter of the 3rd century (e.g. 237, 357, 358), and the decorative field is defined by two scraped grooves, as on baggy kantharoi. In the absence of links to the earlier form of the shape, it is more likely to be a later copy or revivalthan a survivalof the early Hellenistic form. 148 mimics the last stage of the Classical type, with outturned rim, but sits on a low, molded foot and has strap handles. The simple form of the now faded olive garland, along with the context, date it in the second quarter of the 3rd century. In some elements 149 is similar:low foot, strap handles, and decorativezone defined by scraped grooves. The shape, however,is quite different(broader,with upper body incurved). The lack of parallels suggests that the piece could be an import, but the clay, glaze, and decoration are within Attic parameters. OTHER CLASSICAL DRINKING-CUP SHAPES SKYPHOS (150-163; see Graph 3) ATTICTYPE(150-154)

Sparkes and Talcott have traced the evolution of the Attic skyphos to its end, which they place in the last years of the 4th century.50 It may be useful here to suggest how revisions in early Hellenistic chronology have affected the absolute dating of the end of the series. A few examples will serve to illustrate the development of the shape towards an increasingly angular profile and smaller foot. The extent of this development was limited by practical considerations, for while a thin, stemlike lower body was easy to grasp, too small a foot would make the shape unstable. This may be why the final phase lasted a relativelylong time; potters and patronswere reluctant to abandon a popular shape, but evolution had reached its practical limits. Attic skyphoiwere apparentlyvesselsof modest price. They are usuallysloppilyand irregularly formed, and thus their profiles can give only a general indication of date. 151, dated by context no later than ca. 325, is close to the end of the development. The latest skyphoi in Menon's Cistern (e.g. 152) have only slightly narrowerbases, although that deposit is considerably later. This suggests that the shape had reached its ultimate stage of development by the end of the 4th century. It continued to be made and used for perhaps another generation; the six Attic skyphoi in Menon's Cistern demonstrate this, although the absence of the shape in full size in the Dipylon Well may indicate declining popularity. Only one fragment was found at Koroni,51 suggesting the Attic skyphos had gone out of general use by the 260's. Two unusually shaped pieces from Menon's Cistern (153, 154) may represent an attempt to inject variety into a tired shape. The smooth convexity of their upper bodies seems to reflect the shape of the Corinthian skyphos. One has a plain, verticallip, seen also on a late-4th-centuryskyphosof votive size (1394). The Attic skyphos offers a well-documented example of the fossilization of a shape that has reached its ultimate practical stage of development, then continues to be produced with little or no perceptible change; the same phenomenon was to occur somewhat later with the Classical kantharosand cup-kantharos. 50

AgoraXII, pp. 84-85. 51 Vanderpool,McCredie,and Steinberg1962,p. 49.

OTHERCLASSICALDRINKING-CUPSHAPES

95

(155-160) The black-glazed form of the Corinthian skyphoshad also reached its ultimate development by the end of the Classical period. This is illustrated by AgoraXII, nos. 326 and 327, which have high, flaringfeet so narrowas to make the cups unstable. No. 326 comes from the Hedgehog Well (0 18:2), still dated in the third quarter of the 4th century. No. 327 is only slightly more slender, so this final stage seems to have been reached early in the last quarter of the century, as Sparkesand Talcott concluded.52 The shape lived on briefly in the early Hellenistic period in a slightly altered form and with painted decoration. The body shape remained the same and is especially remarkablefor the thinness of the wall. The ring foot was replaced by a turned foot with a low stem, like that of bowl-kantharoi and kantharoi with strap handles, providing slenderness but a broader resting surface. The usual horizontal skyphos handles were sometimes retained (155, 156) but could be replaced by vertical strap handles with ivy-leaf thumb rests (157), presumablyalso on analogy with contemporary kantharoiand bowl-kantharoi.The similarityto the bowl-kantharosis in fact so great that some small rim fragmentscould come from either shape (145, 146, 159). Agora contexts are not very helpful for establishing the date of these pieces, and no shape development can be detected in examples from the Agora and elsewhere.53 Some pieces (e.g. 159) can be placed before ca. 300 on the basis of context. The painted decoration is mostly Classical, usually with no white, and the thickly applied wheat on 155 is more like the motifs on earlier, gold-decorated ceramics than those on West Slope vessels.54 But there is evidence that the shape survived through the first quarter of the 3rd century. A skyphos in Brussels55is decorated with a tripod flankedby branches and fillets, a composition paralleled in severalpieces dating ca. 275; and the shape is reflected in two late Attic skyphoi (153, 154). This suggests that, despite their uniformity, the latest form of the Corinthian skyphos continued to be made for a relativelylong time, between ca. 325 and 275. 160 is of a slightly different type, for which there are no parallels, but is related to the Corinthian skyphoi through its handles and foot. The proportions, too, are like those of the skyphoi, but the rim is outturned, and the lower body is very full. On the basis of context it dates near the end of the 4th century. CORINTHIAN TYPE

RELATED PIECES

(161-163) Two small, delicate cups, probably both by the same potter, may derive from the skyphos, although they also resemble the Corinthian one-piece kantharos.56 They have a narrow lower body, like a Corinthian skyphos, widening above and finally terminating in a slightly incurved rim. Like Hellenistic kantharoi,however,they have a molded ring foot, and the decorativezone of 52

See AgoraXII, pp. 81-83, 258. Sparkesand Talcottdate no. 326 (P 12700)to 350-330, no. 327 (P 19049) to ca.325. Theyassignno. 328 (= 1399) to theyears325-310, butsinceit is of votivesize,it is notstrictlycomparable withfull-sizedskyphoi. 53 Forexamplesfromelsewheresee Kopcke1964,pl. 47:3;Schlorb-Vierneisel 1966,no. 158:1,p. 91, pl. 57:1(with XIV,no. 159:8,p. 126,pl. 55:2 (froma gravetheredatedto the firstquarterof the 3rdcentury); gilding);Kerameikos AeXr20, 1965, B' 1 [1967], p. 38, pl. 39:3;Alt-Agina II, i, nos. 477, 478, 481, 483, 484, pp. 67-70, pls. 36, 37; nos. 179, 180,p. 67, pl. LV:111, 113, 115;CVA,Brussels3 [Belgium3], pl. 3 [138]:13. Sciatbi, 54 E.g.Kopcke1964,no. 35, p. 31, pI. 18:1,no. 185,p. 44, pl. 33:4. 55 CVA,Brussels3 [Belgium3], pl. 3 [138]:13. 56 Corinth VII, iii, nos. 378-388, pp. 74-76, pls. 15,52. The shapeis wellattestedin otherHellenisticassemblages: 1994, p. 51, pls. 20, 21 (Kallipolis[Aitolia]); Kyriakou1994, p. 190, pl. 134 (Patras);Baziotopoulou-Valavani IX, ii/ii, B 30-B 38, pp. 36-37, 46, pls. 28-32. Onasoglou1994,p. 64, pls. 29, 31-33 (Lokris); Ephesos

96

5. DRINKINGCUPS

162 is bordered by scraped grooves. The shape is similar to that of 167, a bolster-cup painted by the same hand as 162 and probablythrown by the same potter as well. The decorative scheme of both, with grape bunches, torches, and cornucopia, suggests a date in the second quarter of the 3rd century. In its foot, grooved body, and handles the shape is also related to 148, also a product of the second quarterof the century. Similar,but later,is the black-glazed 163. It is more coarsely made than earlier pieces, with a thicker wall and squatter proportions, and has knobs or debased masks as thumb rests, a feature found on a contemporary cup of slightly different shape (277). It may be dated by context to the span 225-175. BOLSTER-CUP (164-167; see Graph 3) Footed hemisphericalcups with elegant lug handles or bolsterswere made brieflyin Athens in the early Hellenistic period. This was a rare shape, its productionpossibly limited to a single Attic workshop, and its relationship to other forms is complex. The form of the rim is like that on cups with moldmade feet, and one example of a hybrid between the two shapes is preserved.57 The shape of the body, however, is close to the bowl-kantharoswith turned foot, while the foot is derived from the Classical kantharos. The characteristichandles surely imitate metalware, and there are several extant silver and bronze cups and bowls of approximatelythis shape with lug or tube handles, sometimes as attachments for rings.58 Similar handles occur as well on bolster-kraters,which also imitate metalware (see p. 136). Four relatively well preserved examples and fragments of two more cups of this shape have been inventoried at the Agora.59 Four of these are very similar (e.g. 164-166). The broad, beveled resting surfacehas a scrapedgroove, and there are scrapedgrooves between the moldings of the foot. A low stem rises above the foot, supporting a roughly hemispherical body, slightly pointed at the bottom, slightly incurved at the top. Below the rim are two scraped grooves. The rim is slightly thickened inwardly on 164 and 166, and its top is inwardly beveled on 165 and 166. There are two lug handles, pierced on the ends for firing or for the attachment of a thin metal ring and, except in the case of 164, embellished with two vertical grooves in the center. There is no uniformity of size; 164 is about the same size as a bowl-kantharos, but 165 and 166 are substantiallylarger. The close similaritybetween the pieces discussedabove suggeststhat they are closely contemporary. The closing date of the context of 164 (J 5:1, V) is little if any later than the end of the 4th century,and 165 and 166 were found in E 3:1, a deposit that, along with mid-3rd-century pieces, contains earlier material (e.g. 63, 72). The fourth, uncatalogued fragment (P 19363) also comes from an early Hellenistic deposit (D 16:1). All but one of these cups bears painted decoration, and it is all in the Classical tradition of elegant garlands.60 The garland on 165 is similar to those of the Bracket Leaf Group of the early 3rd century, and the lack of any white in the decoration also argues for an early date. We can therefore be fairly confident in dating these cups in the early 3rd century. 167 is somewhat different in shape. The body is deeper than it is broad, like a Corinthian skyphos rather than a bowl-kantharos. It was, in fact, probably potted and painted by the same 57 Breccia1930,no. 21881,

58

p. 126,pl. XX:2, withbetterillustrationin G. Kleiner1975,p. 217, pl. 44:a,b.

Oliver 1977, no. 33, p. 66; Treasures no. 337, p. 82, pl. 44 and no. 407, p. 97, pl. 57; AeXk 18, ofAncientMacedonia, 1963, B' 2 [1965], p. 194, pl. 228:8. 59 For more Attic examples see Schone-Denkinger 1994, p. 36, pl. 11:P. The shape has also been identified at Ephesos (EphesosIX, ii/ii, B 41-B 51, pp. 37, 47, pls. 32-35; Mitsopoulou-Leon 1972-1975, col. 500, fig. 2:e). 60 Cf. also Alt-AginaII, i, no. 472, 69, pl. 36, possibly Attic, with an olive garland. p.

HETL,ENISTIIC KANTHAROS

97

person who created the late skyphos 162. There is no stem, and the rim is not beveled or inwardly thickened. The cup carries a more developed form of West Slope decoration (torch and cornucopia) and is certainly later than the other examples. It should be dated with 162 in the second quarter of the 3rd century. BOLSAL (168, 169; see Graph 3) The bolsal was produced sporadicallyuntil about the end of the 4th century. It is fairly well represented in the early Alexandrian cemeteries, two or three were found at the Vari House, and one was excavated from the lower levels of the Dipylon Well,61but none are reported from Koroni or Demetrias. Only a handful have been inventoried from Hellenistic deposits at the Agora. 168 comes from a deposit of the last quarterof the 4th century and bears the same stamp as an echinus bowl of that date (973). Similarly,a fragmentarybolsal from Group B (P 20504) has stamps close to those on 966, also of the last quarter of the century. A bolsal with very little wear on its resting surface was found in Menon's Cistern,62suggesting that the shape continued into the early years of the 3rd century. A single Attic piece has painted decoration (169). HELLENISTIC KANTHAROS The standard drinking cup of the middle half of the 3rd century at Athens, as in many other areas,63 was a deep, two-handled vessel that occurs in several varieties. It has been called, variously,a cup, a skyphos, or a kantharos;the last term is used here on the basis of precedent set for Attic pottery by Thompson and followed by Edwardsand Braun.64There are three closely related forms: the straight-walled kantharos and the angular and baggy forms that developed from it. A fourth form, the kantharoswith molded rim, differssignificantlyin shape and probably had a differentorigin. STRAIGHT WALL(170-182; see Graph 4) The origins of the straight-walledkantharosmay be sought in Boiotia, where a similar shape had been in production since at least the last quarter of the 5th century. This is the Kabeiric kantharosor skyphos,found in large numbersin the sanctuaryof the Kabeiroi at Thebes, where it presumably served a cultic function, and well represented also in museum collections.65 It is a deep cup with a convex wall curving in at the top, a broad ring foot, sometimes molded, and vertical ring handles, usually with one or two spurs, attached just below the rim. The body is divided by a painted line below the handle attachment,and decoration in black-figuredtechnique is confined to the upper zone; lusty satyrs and travesties of myth are the best-known subjects, but floral decoration is far more common.66 The shape was made in Boiotia from the 5th century 61

Sciatbi,nos. 183-187, pp. 68-69, pl. LVI:121 (10 vessels); Adriani 1940, p. 72, tomb 9, no. 1 and tomb 11, no. 1, p. 72, pl. XXVIII:9, 11;Jones, Graham, and Sackett 1973, nos. 13-15, p. 376, fig. 5; Braun 1970, no. 11, p. 134, pl. 54:3. See also I. R. Metzger 1984, nos. 1.1.40, I.3b.16, pp. 202, 206, figs. 1, 3, probably bolsals, from a deposit in Eretria dating to the first quarter of the 3rd century. 62 P 28031 (Stella G. Miller 1974, no. 36, p. 234, pl. 32). 63 See notes 81 and 87 below, pp. 100 and 103. 64 H. A. 1934, Thompson pp. 444 4-45;Corinth VII, iii, pp. 74-86; Braun 1970, p. 167. 65 Kabirion I, pp. 95-128, pls. 17-19, 26, 44-59; Kabirion IV, pp. 1-74, pls. 1-18, 20-24. 66 I, pls. 17, 45-48, 59; Kabirion E.g. Kabirion IV, p. 1, pls. 9-18.

98

5. DRINKINGCUPS

down to at least the middle of the 3rd century.67Both Watzingerand Thompson remarkedon the similarity of Attic Hellenistic kantharoi to Kabeiric cups.68 Both shapes are deep and have a fairly broad ring foot and vertical handles, although the ring handles and incurved rim of the figured Kabeiric cups are not present on Attic examples. Both, too, have a division of the wall into two zones and a preference for floral decoration between the handles. Publication of more material from the Kabirion has now revealed that the Boiotian shape was also made in black glaze, sometimes with overpainted garlandsbetween the handles.69 The published examples are all small (H. 6.3-9.2 cm.) and of two types: one close in shape to the black-figuredpieces and another much more like Attic kantharoi, with a straightupper wall and vertical straphandles.70 One Boiotian example, dated by Ursula Heimberg to the late 5th century,71is virtually identical in shape and decoration to the small kantharoi that stand at the beginning of the Attic series (173-178); only the form of the foot (a molded ring) is different. Even if the piece is considerably later than Heimberg asserts,it provides an excellent prototype for the Attic pieces. Why did a provincial shape, its production and apparentlyits distributionas well confined to Boiotia, exert such influence on Attic pottery of the early Hellenistic period? Thompson thought direct inspirationunlikelyand suggested that both types went back to a common ancestor.72The extremely close similaritybetween Attic and Boiotian black-glazed examples, however, suggests that the Attic form is derivativefrom ratherthan cognate with the Boiotian one. History suggests an explanation. Many Thebans were killed or sold into slavery after Alexander's destruction of the city in 335 (Diodorus Siculus 17.14.4), but many also escaped and settled elsewhere. Pausanias (9.23.5) implies that Attica provided some Thebans with a refuge, and Plutarch (Alexander 13.1) mentions the kindness shown by the Athenians to Theban refugees. Among those refugees were perhaps Theban potters, who could have introduced the traditional Boiotian shape to the Athenian market.73 Their influence can be seen also in the turned foot, closely similar to the foot of Boiotian kantharoi of Form 6,74 which appears on Attic cups of the second half of the 4th century.75Other evidence of close contact between Attic and Boiotian artisansmay be found in the Tanagra figurines,which appeared almost simultaneouslyin the two areas, although here the influence probably went from Attica to Boiotia instead of the other way around.76 If the scant evidence of the deposits is to be believed, it was the small version of the kantharos,often a 67

Kabirion IV, pp. 14-16. Braun'schronology is based on rather general comparisons to the decoration on Attic and South Italian vessels and is therefore subject to question, especially in its latter part. But examples from the Polyandrion of Chaironeia bring the type down at least to 338, and a foundation deposit in the Kabirion carries it further towards the end of the century (Kabirion 1V,pp. 3-4). 68 Watzinger 1901, p. 91; H. A. Thompson 1934, pp. 444 4145. 69 Kabirion nos. III, 126-134, pp. 27-28, 131, pl. 8, with painted decoration on nos. 128, 129, 132-134; dated there from the late 5th to the early 3rd century. 70 Like the black-figuredpieces: KabirionIII, nos. 126-130, p. 131, pl. 8. Like the Attic kantharoi:KabirionIII, nos. 131-134, p. 131, pl. 8. 71 Kabirion no. III, 132, p. 131, pl. 8. 72 H. A. Thompson 1934, p. 445. 73 Even in peacetime potters moved between Attica and Boiotia (Boardman 1974, p. 183). Other Boiotian shapes, like the mushroomjug, were adopted in earlierAttic pottery (AgoraXII, p. 66, note 48). 74 Kabirion nos. III, 75-86, pp. 13-14, 17-18, 129, pls. 6, 46:41-53. 75 Standard on kantharoi with special handles of the last quarter of the 4th century (102-105) and found occasionally on cup-kantharoiof the third quarter of the century (Kopcke 1964, nos. 225, 243, pp. 47-48, pl. 38). It continued to be used in Attic pottery of the first quarterof the 3rd century (106-112, 141-144, 230, 231). 76 Both Attic and Boiotian origins have been argued for Tanagra figurines. See G. Kleiner 1942, pp. 131-136; D. B. Thompson 1952a, p. 177; D. B. Thompson 1952b, pp. 156-158.

HEI,ETNISTIC KANTHAROS

99

votive rather than a drinkingcup, that was introducedfirst at Athens. This is interesting,because the black-glazed Boiotian pieces that the Attic shape most closely resembles are also votives, and of small size.77 Finally, direct evidence that Athenians were familiar with the Boiotian shape is provided by a fragment of a Boiotian West Slope kantharosof Kabeiric shape from Menon's Cistern (1668), where it had been discardedtogether with early Attic examples. If the origins of this shape are to be ascribedto an influx of Boiotian potters, one would expect to find evidence of its presence in Athens shortly after 335. In fact, however, no extant piece can be dated so early. One small kantharoswas found in the lowest levels of the Dipylon Well,78 another closely similar in a well with material ranging from ca. 325 to 275 in date (174, from H 14:2). There are none in the 4th-century levels of the CrossroadsWell, but a possibly related vessel, larger and more elaborate, was found in the debris of Building Z-3 in the Kerameikos (deposited between 320/317 and 307).79 The first evidence for the shape in Athens, then, is in the later years of the 4th century. It is possible, of course, that earlier instances will be discovered in the future; but perhaps it was some time before the shape became popular enough to make a mark in the archaeological record. It is clear from the examples from the Dipylon Well that the first Hellenistic kantharoiwere straight-walledand that those with angular and baggy profilesare later types that developed from them.80 The prototype shape exists in only a few examples at the Agora, of which there are three differentforms, distinguishedby size and type of handle: 1. Large, with strap handles (170-172) 2. Small, with strap handles (173-178) 3. With spur handles (179-182) 9 cm.) This variety is known in only three examples at the Agora and presumablywas made forjust a short time. The only fairlycomplete piece is 170, with a molded ring foot, deep body with slightly concave upper wall, and strap handles with ivy-leaf thumb rests. The quality of the glaze is very high, and the decoration (charmand spearheadnecklaces)shows traces of gilding. This suggestsa fairly early date for this piece, certainly not far along in the 3rd century or even, if we are willing to accept a gap between it and the others, still within the 4th. The other examples show some advance. 171 also has a continuouslycurvingwall, but the decorative zone is bounded below by a scraped groove; a slight angle is already apparent on 172. The plain ring foot of 171 is like that on smaller examples of the firstquarterof the 3rd century. The simplicityof the wave pattern on 171 is also consistent with an early-3rd-centurydate. LARGE

(H. >

SMALL(H.

< 9 cm.)

This group of seven cups is very homogeneous, and all its members are likely to be roughly contemporary. They have an almost cylindricalupper body, curving in to a ring foot below, strap handles with ivy-leaf or comic-mask thumb rests, and an ivy, myrtle, or olive garland in orange 77

Many of the black-figuredKabeiric cups with floraldecorationare also small (H. < 9 cm.); see KabirionIV, 9-16. pls. 78 Braun 1970, no. 9, p. 134, pls. 54:1, 79:2. 79 Knigge and Kovacsovics 1981, p. 387, fig. 3, right; for other examples of the shape see Moreno 1964-1965, p. 51, fig. 34 on p. 54; Vierneisel 1964, col. 456, fig. 50 in col. 460. 80 Compare Braun 1970, nos. 9, 79, from Abschnitten I and II, with nos. 101, 102, 114, from Abschnitten III and IV. The series is illustratedon Braun 1970, pl. 79:2.

100

5. DRINKINGCUPS

between the handles. On three pieces (173-175), perhaps the earliest, the foot has a square profile, in two instances with a scraped groove in the outer face and in the resting surface. The body shape of 177 is the same, but the foot is a simple ring. The ring foot appears on two other examples, on both of which the lower body is less full and the profile slightly angular (176, 178). Much of the materialfound with 176 dates after 300, and the shape is probablylimited to the first quarter of the 3rd century. 178 is the only example decorated with an olive garland rather than ivy; this is also an indication of later date, for the olive garland is the preferred decoration in the later, angular stage of the kantharosin small size (221-229). SPUR HANDLES

A kantharos usually of large size, but with moldmade spur handles borrowed from the Classical kantharos, appears only as a black-glazed shape, known in six inventoried examples. The profile of the earliest (179) is a smooth curve, closely similar to that of 170, but a scraped groove or slight angle appears on the later pieces (180-182). The plain, flaring ring foot is like that of small straight-walledkantharoiof the early 3rd century (see above). The earliest context for the shape is Menon's Cistern, placing the beginning of manufacturebefore ca. 275 (179). The more angular pieces (180-182) are slightly later. All the inventoried pieces were found in the same area of the Agora and perhaps come from a single workshop. ANGULAR (183-231; see Graph 4) LARGE (H. > 10 cm.; 183-218) The angular kantharoswas a popular drinking cup and is present at the Agora in over fifty inventoried examples. It is distinguished from other kantharoi by its angular profile, normally accented by a scraped groove at about the point of greatest diameter. The lower body is straight walled or convex, the upper body concave and inclined. There is a molded ring foot, with grooved resting surface and grooves between the moldings on only the earlier examples. The thumb rests on the vertical strap handles are usually ivy leaves, rarely masks or human faces. The upper body is almost always decorated in true West Slope style. The shape is not unique to Athens and is found in various other areas as well.81 Like Classical kantharoi, these wine cups developed towards a taller, thinner shape. Very precise dating, however,is not possible because there was considerable shape variation at any one time, as the following comparisonsdemonstrate. The spearheadnecklaces on 189 and 197 are so similar as to suggest they were painted by the same hand, but the two vessels are very differentin the treatment of the foot and the proportion of upper to lower body. Compare also 202-205, all of the Shark Group and probably painted by a single hand. Here the shape is fairly constant, but the ratio of diameter to height varies considerably(from0.92 to 0.79). Despite this, it is easy to make a broad distinction between an earlier group of angular kantharoi (Stage 1) and a later group (Stage 3); and some cups (Stage 2) seem to fall between the two. 81

VII, iii, nos. 458-514, pp. 83-86, pis. 16, 53; Rudolph 1978, nos. 30-32, pp. 218-219, fig. 7, pl. 29 E.g. Corinth (Mycenae);Alt-AginaII, i, no. 538, p. 73, pl. 41; AeXtr25, 1970, B' 1 [1972], p. 120, pl. 85:p and Braun 1970, p. 167, pl. 79:3 (Megara);Ae&r27, 1972, B' 2 [1977], p. 325, pl. 279:a (Lokris);Demetrias I, no. 72, p. 105, pl. 41:3; Drougou 1991, p. 144 (Aiane, Macedonia); Callaghan 198la, nos. 17-20, pp. 40-44, fig. 5, pl. 2:a-d (Knossos);Patsiada 1990, no. 83, pp. 167-168, pl. 61:a, P (Rhodes);Hubner 1984, T10.138, p. 180, fig. 6 (Be?ikTepe); Adriani 1940, p. 80, fig. 38 on p. 79 (Alexandria);Morel 1981, Series 3652, pp. 277-278, pl. 109 (Italy).

HEF.LLENISTIC KANTHAROS

101

Stage1 (183-199). Angular kantharoi of Stage 1 are distinguishedby a relatively low lower body and an upper body that is inclined but only slightly concave. The overall proportions are relatively stocky (Diam./H. > 0.95; H. 10.3-13.0 cm.). The profile of the wall is often not truly angular (183-185, 187), possibly an early trait. The groove on the body is always scraped. The foot is molded and well defined, usually with a scraped groove between the moldings and sometimes with a scraped, reserved, or glazed groove in the resting surface. There is often an offset at the base of the body, as on various types of contemporary Classical kantharoi.82 The handles usually have ivy-leaf thumb rests, but on three examples there are faces or masks (183, 187, 190). Within this group are clusters of cups that are closely similar to one another: 189, 190, and 191, with their very straight upper walls; 192 and 193; 194, 195, and 196; and 197 and 198. But there are no good criteria for placing these variations chronologically within the suggested thirty-five-yearrange. Indeed, the close similarity of the decoration on kantharoi of differentprofiles warns against trying to do so; compare 189 with 197, and 190 with 194. We may, however,perhaps situate 199, with its poorly defined foot, at the end of the series. Only in Stage 1 are there any black-glazedexamples (183-185). These are all arguablyat the beginning of the series, and soon after its inception the shape became a purely West Slope one. In some cases the decoration is stylisticallysimilar to that on earliervessels: compare the necklaces on 189 and 197 with that on 170. And in the namespractice inscribing cupsofwith the names of divinities or desirable qualities, all but abandoned later, is still attested in this group, with three kantharoi dedicated to (e.g. 188, 189), one to Dionysos, and one to Hermes.83 On many, however, there is a stylisticadvance over the decoration of Classicaldrinkingcups; compare the ivy garlands on 190 and 194 with those on 108, or 141. The new compositional scheme of a central 121, motif flanked by fillets, seen in its earliest and more careful stage on a Classical cup-kantharos (77), is now in regular use (195, 196, 198) and more sloppily done. Incision, lacking from West Slope decoration on Classicalkantharoiand related shapes, is occasionallyfound here (193, 196). have been found in Fragments of large angular kantharoi decorated in West Slope style deposits laid down at the end of the first quarter of the 3rd century (P 10:1, D 16:1), and a fragmentaryblack-glazed example (183) came to light in Menon's Cistern, along with a few other fragments that probably come from vessels of this shape. We may then postulate a date some years before ca. 275 for the first instances of the shape in large size. The West Slope version with truly angular profile occurs regularlyin deposits discardedby ca. 250 (e.g. 191 and 196 from E 3:1) but is rarelyfound with moldmade bowls. This suggeststhat Stage 1 should be confined to the years ca. 285-250, with most examples dating in the second quarter of the 3rd century. Stage2 (200-205). This fairlysmall and homogeneous group of vessels is defined primarilyin relation to Stages 1 and 3, between which it is transitional. The lower body is usually deeper than that of Stage 1 kantharoi. The resting surface of the foot is never grooved, and scraped grooves between the moldings of the foot are rare. Only ivy leaves appear as thumb rests. These kantharoiare taller and more slender than kantharoiof Stage 1, with height ranging from 11.4 to 13 cm. and a Diam./H. ratio of ca. 0.80-0.90. 200 and especially 201 show a logical developmentbeyond Stage 1, with thinner proportions and deeper lower bodies. Four kantharoi thrown and painted by the same person are probably contemporary with them; they are characterized by very full, deep lower bodies and the same leaping dolphins on the upper wall (202-205). The thinnest of these (205) is already close to 82 E.g. 22 (kantharos),103 (kantharoswith special handles), 134 and 135 (bowl-kantharoi). 83 P 4065 and P 634

(Dionysos)

(Hermes):H. A. Thompson 1934, B 23, B 24, p. 339, fig. 19.

5. DRINKINGCUPS

102

cups of Stage 3. Since a kantharos in Group B was decorated by this hand,84 this phase can be dated before ca. 240. Its uniformity suggests it was confined to about a decade, ca. 250-240. Stage3 (206-218). The final stage of development of the angularkantharosis very distinctive. The vessels are much thinner, with a Diam./H. ratio of ca. 0.65-0.70. They are also absolutely taller than earlierkantharoi,many measuringover 15 cm. in height. The lower body is very deep, the upper wall stronglyconcave, and the profile sometimes curved ratherthan angular. Again the resting surfaceis ungrooved, now alwaysbroad and normally glazed and slightlybeveled; scraped grooves rarely occur between the moldings. Again only ivy-leaf thumb rests appear. Large numbers of Stage 3 kantharoihave been found in contexts with only a few fragmentsof moldmade bowls (middle fill of F 17:3, lower fill of N 21:4, L 19:2) and one (209) in a deposit with no moldmade bowls at all (0 20:3, II). This suggests that for the most part they date earlier than moldmade bowls, although there may be some overlap. That the overlap is very slight, however,is indicated by the fact that such kantharoiare not found in deposits with large numbers of moldmade bowls (e.g. M 21:1, upper fill of N 21:4, P 21:4), other than E 14:1, which contains a great deal of earlier material. These pieces, then, offer a good illustration of West Slope decoration of the third quarter of the 3rd century: large, rather sloppily executed patterns, always with details in white, and frequently with incision. The two fragments 217 and 218, probably from cups of this phase, make heavy use of incision. 217 is the latest attestedAttic ypactiacttxov ~xwuOa,with (unusually inscribedratherthan painted.85 On the analogy of similarinscribeddecoration for Athens)(tLXiag; on baggy kantharoi, 218 probably belongs at the very end of the series. SMALL

(H. < 9.5 cm.; 219-229)

The small angular kantharos, often found in pyres,86 developed directly out of the small straight-walledkantharos. In shape it is somewhat simplerthan the large kantharos. Only two of the twenty inventoried examples have a scraped groove at the point of greatest diameter (219, 220). These two more closely resemble the large angular kantharosin their careful execution, firmerglaze, and ivy-garlanddecoration, and 220 has a molded foot, like large angularkantharoi. More usually there is a flaringring foot, occasionallywith a very slight molding (225). The groove on the body is usually omitted or, when present, glazed. The strap handles have ivy-leaf or, less commonly, comic-mask thumb rests. A fragment of a small angular kantharos was found in the Tholos debris (P 25303 from G 11:4),indicating that the shape was alreadyin production in the early years of the 3rd century. There is probably, then, some overlap with the small straight-walled kantharoi. Most of the pieces, however, may be dated in the second quarter of the 3rd century on the basis of general similaritywith the larger examples. Careful pieces like 219 must be contemporary with plainer cups like 222, since these two were found together in the same pyre. 229, with its deep lower body and slender proportions, should representthe latest stage, perhaps slightly after the middle of the century. Decoration confirms its later date for, while the olive garland on the others is symmetrical,on 229 all the leaves run in one direction, a mode of depiction that was standardin the second half of the 3rd century. The small kantharoinever become as tall and thin as the large 84 P 4096 (H. A. Thompson 1934, B 8, p. 336, fig. 17) and Rotroff 1991, no. 67, pp. 82-84, fig. 12, pl. 31. 85 For other examples of inscribed drinking inscriptions see AgoraXXI, G 10, G 14, and possibly also G 9 and G 11, p. 54, pls. 30, 31; also P 31376. Except for the last, these were probablywritten after the cup was decorated, by the owner rather than the potter. 86 Of catalogued examples, 219, 222, 224-226, and 229 come from pyres.

KANTHAROS THEI,LENISTIC

103

ones and must have gone out of production before that stage of development was reached. This is no doubt because around the middle of the 3rd century the Athenians abandoned the custom of burying sacrificialpyres, the context in which these vessels were normally used as votives. SMALL, TURNED FOOT(230,

231) Two small kantharoi with subangularprofile sit on a turned foot borrowed from kantharoi of Classical type. The ivy-garlanddecoration and the shape, with shallow lower body, are similar to those of 219 and 220, which date in the second quarter of the 3rd century; the turned foot suggests they were manufacturedclose to the beginning of that span. BAGGY (232-277; see Graph 4) LARGE(H. > 10 cm.; 232-271)

The baggy kantharos87probablyalso developed from the straight-walledkantharos,although renewed influence of Kabeiric cups, which it closely resembles, is also possible. There is a ring foot, almost alwaysmolded. The restingsurfaceis not grooved, except in a group of later examples probably from a single workshop (266-270). The wall, which remains curved, is markedby two scraped grooves, one just below the rim, the other at approximatelythe point of the lower handle attachment, about two-thirds of the way up the vessel. Thus grooves and handles delineate a narrow field of decoration on these pieces, which are almost without exception painted. The baggy kantharoi have the usual strap handles, but there is more variety in the thumb rests: in addition to the standard ivy leaves and masks, rotelles and rectangular plates were also used. The shape was equal in popularity to the angular kantharos; about sixty examples have been inventoried at the Agora. The trends of shape development are much lesasclear than is the case with angular kantharoi. Although some late examples are tall and thin (266-270), lower and broader pieces such as 253, 255, and 256 also occur late in the history of the shape. There is no discernible difference, for instance, between the profileof 232, in GroupA, and that of 253, from a context deposited nearly a century later. The profile of the baggy kantharosis much more variable than that of the angular type, with contemporary examples having a barrel-shapedbody or a squat profilewith low center of gravity. Compare, for example, P 1623888with 240 and 242, all from the same deposit. The shape is absent from Menon's Cistern but present in two deposits laid down near the middle of the 3rd century: 232 232and 263 in Group A (but see below on 263) and fragmentsfrom E 3:1. This suggests that the shape had been developed by ca. 250, and indeed 233 has the unglazed interior occasionally found on other kinds of drinking cups dating in the first half of the 3rd century. Since baggy kantharoihave not been found in any other deposits of the second quarter of the 3rd century,however,or in the lower layers of the Dipylon Well, they cannot have 87 For the shape in other fabrics see Demetrias I, nos.

62-71, pp. 102-105, pls. XX, 39, 40; HistriaII, XXXVII:2, p. 195, pl. 98; PF II, D 26, p. 60, pis. 9, 10 (Pergamon);Pfrommer 1985, no. 32, p. 56, fig. 32 on p. 69 (Miletos); TarsusI, nos. 102, 110, p. 218, figs. 124, 182; FdDV, i, p. 172, fig. 716 (Delphi); AA [JdI 17] 1902, pp. 157-158, fig. 7 (Egypt); Vogell,no. 331, pl. VI:23 (Italian?);Langlotz 1932, nos. 726, 727, pp. 131-132, pl. 223. Another variety of the baggy shape, with convex-concave profile, is not found in Athens but was the preferred form at some other sites: e.g. CorinthVII, iii, nos. 389-450, pp. 76-82, pis. 15, 52, 53; Mitsopoulou-Leon and Pochmarski 1976-1977, no. 2, p. 214, fig. 23, Epyov 1973 [1974], p. 89, fig. 81, and Epyov 1975 [1976], p. 119, fig. 115 (Elis);PF II, D 52-D 66, pp. 49-50, pls. 14-16 (Pergamon);EphesosIX, ii/ii, B 18-B 29, pp. 35-36, 45-46, pls. 24-28. 88 Rotroff 1990a, pl. 24:3, upper left.

104

5. DRINKINGCUPS

been made in quantity before the middle of the century. The shape is very well representedin the lower fill of N 21:4, a deposit chiefly of the third quarter of the 3rd century. Examples from this context, along with comparable ones from elsewhere, illustratethe range of variation at that rtions remain more or less constant, but the foot may be broad (e.g. 234) or narrow (e.g. 239). The body may be barrel shaped, like a Kabeiric cup (e.g. 237), or baggy (e.g. 240, 246). A few slenderer pieces are probably later (250-252), but a low, squat version of the baggy kantharos persisted, and some have been found in M 21:1, where much material dates after ca. 225 (253, 255, 256). These are distinguished from earlier kantharoi by a more elaborate treatment of the handle: a spur below (255) or rectangularplates (253, 254) or rotelles (256) at the arch. Since handles like this do not appear on angular kantharoi, which went out of production ca. 220, they may have been developed after that date. All the baggy kantharoi with fancy handles are decorated with the checkerboard-rectanglepattern that began to be very popular in the last quarterof the 3rd century,and they may all come from a single shop. They are usually not found in the same contexts with the tall kantharoidescribedbelow and perhaps ceased to be made before the end of the century. Probably later are baggy kantharoi of a quite different configuration: very tall and slender (H. 15-19 cm.) with a small, high, flaringring foot with a grooved resting surface (e.g. 268-270). The greatest diameter is about halfway up, the profile bulging and awkward,bringing to mind more the beer stein than the wine cup. The vessel is constricted at the point of the lower scraped groove, which delimits a distinct neck or rim area. This groove is located well above the lower handle attachment, higher on the wall than on earlierexamples. The handles rise high above the rim; the thumb rests are comic masks with long, pointed beards. The decoration is invariably an incised wave pattern filled in with white below. Fragments are common in contexts of the late 3rd and early 2nd century,and three deposits (O 16:3, F 17:4, P 21:4) have produced multiple examples. The great uniformity among kantharoiof this stage indicates that they were all made by a single workshopwithin a short period of time, probably the last decade of the 3rd century.89 A group of cups leads up to this development (257-266). They are not as tall but have more or less bulging profiles and constricted upper bodies. The handles are sometimes rather high (259) and usually have mask rather than ivy-leaf thumb rests. Two (264, 265) have the incised wave pattern that is characteristicof the tall, bulging kantharoi, but others have more usual patterns. Interestingly,though, painted wave patterns are more common in this group than elsewhere (260, 261). The contexts suggest that kantharoilike this were being made by ca. 225. Examples have been found in deposits containing few or no moldmade bowls and probably laid down around 225 or slightly later (B 13:7 [257], F 17:3 [258], L 17:7 [259]). This stage may continue to about 210, when the tall kantharoibegan to be produced. The relationship of 263 to this group of kantharoi is problematic. It is virtually identical in shape with 264, which, on the basis both of its context and the incised wave decoration, can be dated within the span 225-215. But 263 comes from Group A, where the records show it was found in the lowest 50 cm. of the well, together with an angularkantharosof a fairlyearly stage of development (185).90 There seems no alternative,however,to the conclusion that 263 is later. Its similarity to 264 extends beyond shape to clay, a peculiarly pale fabric to which glaze does not adhere well and which occurs also in other Athenian pots of the late 3rd to the early 2nd century.91 89

The datehasbeen shiftedupwardsfromthatsuggestedin Rotroff1991,pp. 85-86.

90 The two are illustratedside side in H. A. Thompson 1934, p. 320, fig. 5 (A 30 and A 31). by 91 E.g. P 6764 (AgoraXXII, no. 224, pp. 71-72, pl. 44).

HETJ.FNISTIC KANTHAROS

105

The large dedicatory kantharos271 finds its closest parallels in baggy kantharoiof ca. 250200, although comparisonsbetween vessels of widely differentscales are alwaysrisky.The handle plates are documented on smaller kantharoi only in the second half of that span, but this is the sort of special elaboration that might be applied to a monumental piece long before it was used on smaller vessels. We may then suggest a date in the second half of the 3rd century, with a slight preference for the latter half of this range. Except on 271, which bears an elaboratefiguredscene (see pp. 54-56), the painted decoration on baggy kantharoiis fully Hellenistic and conventional. Some of the Classicalpatterns have been retained (ivy [240, 242, 243, 245, 262], olive [259], grapevine [241, 244]), but in simplified form and with much accent in white. The spearheadnecklace is found (237, 239, 248, 249, 257, 258), but the charm necklace had disappeared from the repertoire by the time baggy kantharoi began to be made. Dolphins over waves, so popular on angular kantharoi, are rare here (246, 247, 252), possibly because the decorative field is lower. Wave patterns without dolphins are common among later pieces (250, 260, 261), leading up to the incised wave pattern prevalent on tall baggy kantharoiof the late 3rd century (264, 265, 267-270). Because they are well suited to the low, broad field of decoration, two new Hellenistic schemes are particularlycommon on this shape: the wreath/branch/fillet complex (234-236, 265) and the checkerboard and rectangle (232, 233, 251, 253, 255, 256). 238 is one of the earliest instances of the substitutionof lattice for rectangles in this scheme. None of these cups are ypajiVaTrtxa& ixntxtarao, partially because the custom had largely fallen out of use by the second half of the 3rd century,partiallybecause the low decorative field left too little room for letters above the decoration. < 9.5 cm.; 272-275) There are seven examples of smaller baggy kantharoi, but they do not form as distinct a group as do the small straight-walledand angular kantharoi. Some were found in pyres (273, 275), suggesting that they, like other small kantharoi, were sometimes used as votives. Except for the occasional substitutionof a plain for a molded foot, they are like largerbaggy kantharoiin shape and decoration. On analogy with the largerpieces, they seem to date in the third quarterof the 3rd century. SMALL(H.

RELATED PIECES (276, 277)

276 is like a very broad, squat baggy kantharos,but the foot is raised, the handles have no thumb rests, and there is no painted decoration. Its context suggests a date in the second half of the 2nd century,much later than baggy kantharoi. This date is further supportedby a parallel found on the south slope of the Akropolistogetherwith long-petal bowls and white-groundlagynoi typical of the late Hellenistic period.92 277 does have thumb rests, in the form of simple knobs, but no scraped grooves on the body. The glaze is very gritty,and it is possible that the piece is not Attic; it was found, however,in a workshopdump and may be an experiment or an apprentice's practice piece. MOLDEDRIM(278-310;

see Graph 4)

Deep cups with a constricted neck and a molded rim were made in both black and, less commonly, West Slope versions. Unlike the kantharoi discussed above, they probably do not derive from the Kabeiric cup but perhaps from the Classical kantharos with molded rim. The two varieties, one in plain black glaze, the other painted, are quite differentin shape. 92 AeXt 20, 1965, B' 1 [1967], p. 32, pl. 32 (lowercenter).

5. DRINKINGCUPS

106 BLACK (278-301)

The black-glazed shape93 has a plain, flaring, and rather narrow ring foot, not sharply distinguished from the body, with a flat or beveled resting surface. Sometimes the foot remains partiallyunglazed due to carelessdipping (290). The shape of the body varies between ovoid and globular,apparentlywithout chronologicalsignificance,and no clear outline of shape development can be traced. Sometimes a glazed groove appears at or above the point of greatest diameter, in the general region of the lower handle attachment. The body curves in to a low neck, then out again to a weakly molded rim. This is often little more than a ridge below the lip, and its shape is usually reflected on the inside of the vessel; in some instances it resemblesa flange to receive a lid, but the placement of the handles precludesthe use of a lid on most examples. Five kantharoihave spur handles (278-282); since this type of handle is not known on other shapes after the middle of the 3rd century,we may place these at the beginning of the series. Three of them display another early trait:the rim molding is not reflectedon the inside (278-280). 278 in particularsuggeststhe link to Classical kantharoi, for in proportions it is not far away from 47, a late example of that shape. The rest of the kantharoihave strap handles, sometimes with mask or ivy-leaf thumb rests. The canonical configuration of the shape, with strap handles and a continuous curve from body to neck, had been developed by ca. 260, as examples in Group A show (283-285). Note that in these three the form of the rim is variable, but it usually flares out to a molding, above which it is slightly concave, and this profile is reflected on the inside. Examples from contexts of the third quarterof the 3rd century show little or no change, except that now thumb rests sometimes appear on the handles (286-288, 290), probablyin imitation of other Hellenistic kantharoi. On pots dating in the years between ca. 225 and 175 the rim molding is generally weaker (291-294), and a more globularbody is sometimesfound on smallerexamples (293, 294). The survivalof the shape throughout the 2nd century is suggested by its occasional appearance in later deposits.94 The few examples from these later contexts show great variety, but two earmarks of late date can be recognized: the degeneration of the molding into a small flange or ridge (296-298, 301) and the ungainly shape of 298, with its tall neck, apparently typical for the middle and third quarter of the 2nd century. WEST SLOPE(302-310)

The West Slope version of the shape is, in its broad outlines, similarto that of the black-glazed pieces described above but more elaborate. It is fairly rare, represented by fewer than a dozen inventoried examples, none of which is very well preserved. From these and a few published examples95we can derive a description of the shape. The foot is molded, sometimes with a scraped groove between the moldings and at the junction of foot and body. The body may be broad and squat (e.g. 307), globular (e.g. 310), or ovoid,96 with a scraped groove at about half height delimiting the decorative field. A vertical neck is set off from the body by a groove. There is a ridge below the rim, which may be flaring(e.g. 305), vertical (e.g. 306), or inclined (e.g. 310). The strap handles may have rectangular thumb plates and spurs (e.g. 306, 308) or simply comic masks (310). 93 For additional Attic examples see I. R. Metzger 1973, no. 74, p. 57, fig. 4; Braun 1970, no. 144 a-c, p. 149, 65:1. pl. 94 D 17:4 (lower fill), E 6:1 (lowerfill), M 20:1 (middle fill), Q 12:1. 95 Braun 1970, no. 171, pp. 153-154, pl. 70:2; Alt-AginaII, i, nos. 527, 551, pp. 72, 74, pls. 40, 41; Watzinger 1901, no. 24, p. 78; AeXt 20, 1965, B' 1 [1967], pp. 32-33, pl. 33:a. 96

Watzinger 1901, no. 24, p. 78.

CUP AND RELATEDSHAPES HEMISPHERICAL

107

The decorative scheme is elaborate but uniform. Checkerboards and rectangles always appear on the shoulder. The neck usually has a simple garland (olive, ivy, wavy line) or abstract pattern (dotted lines, pseudo bead and reel). The area above the molding of the rim is sometimes decorated with ivy, olive, or a leaf and a dot rosette. On the rectangular thumb plate of the handles is a torch or a union jack, on the strap itself a cross or star,and parallel lines on the spur. The shape is best represented in contexts with large numbers of moldmade bowls, dating between 225 and 175;97the poor state of preservationof these pots and their similarityto baggy kantharoi of the last quarter of the 3rd century suggest all were made before ca. 200. 306 can be dated in the last quarter of the 3rd century on the basis of the decoration, seemingly by the same hand that painted 250 and possibly also 260. Context suggests a date no later than ca. 220 for 305, where the lip molding is more emphatic and not reflected on the inner profile. 302 differs from the canonical examples in shape, proportions, and decoration but is related in the form of the lip and the arrangement of the decorative zones. A relatively early date is suggested by the pattern of hoops and leaves in the lower wall register,identical to that on vessels of the second quarter of the 3rd century (136, 315). 303, dating perhaps ca. 250-240, is also unusual, lacking a molded rim and with an olive garland rather than the usual checkerboards and rectangles on the shoulder. The ribbed body, foot, and restrained decoration of 304 are uncanonical as well; its context places it in the third quarter of the 3rd century. These vessels represent early experimentation with the shape, which did not settle down to a canonical form until the end of the third quarter of the 3rd century. There is little evidence for the shape in the 2nd century, but a fragmentary example was found in a deposit on the south slope of the Akropolis,together with material of the second half of the 2nd century.98 The flaccid lip and the form of the grapevine on the neck suggest it may be later than any of the examples found at the Agora.

HEMISPHERICAL CUP AND RELATED SHAPES In the 3rd century several varieties of plain cups without feet or handles were widely used as drinkingvessels. The inspirationfor these shapes may have come ultimately from metalware,but one can also trace a possible ceramic development. The earliesttype, the cup with moldmade feet, is closely related to the bolster-cup(see pp. 96-97), and it, in turn, is similar to the bowl-kantharos with turned foot; but since metal analogues for all these shapes exist, we may be seeing merely the reflection of toreutic developments. It is probably necessary to postulate a separate origin for other cups (net-patterncups and cups with interiordecoration),which appeared, it seems, slightly later and are significantlydifferentin details of shape and proportions. CUPwrrHMOLDMADE FEEr(311-317; see Graph 4) Two pieces (311, 315) preserve the complete profiles of cups with three close-set, moldmade feet in the form of shells,99and the shape is representedin the Agora inventory in about a dozen 97 M 21:1, M 18:10, and H-K 12-14; also Braun 1970, no. 171, which comes from AbschnittVIII of the Dipylon Well. 98 AeXT20, 1965,B' 1 [1967],pp. 32-33, pl. 33:a. 99 Forother Attic examples see Thompson and Scranton 1943, p. 359, fig. 60:a; Graefand Langlotz 1925, no. 2675, p. 258,pl. 112;Alt-AginaII, i, nos. 662, 663, p. 83,pl. 50; and perhaps Buchholz 1975, E 102, p. 108,pl. 22:b.

108

5. DRINKING CUPS

more small fragments. It was widespread in the Hellenistic world10 but apparently was never made in large numbers. There are approximate analogues in metal for the shape and for the plastic feet.101 The Athenian pieces are of superlativequality,very thin walled and delicately decorated. The body is ovoid, the rim slightlyincurved and markedby two scraped grooves, like some of the Attic pinecone moldmade bowls of the last quarter of the 3rd century,102which also sit on moldmade shell feet. The glaze is remarkablyfine and almost alwaysa rich, shiny black. Some cups were left unglazed on the inside (312, 313), a trait possibly to be attributedto a single workshopof the first half of the 3rd century (see p. 74). Painted decoration, always present, is placed below the rim; dolphins, ivy and olive garlands, necklaces, and rectangles and checkerboardsare depicted. On pieces with the latter, the bottom of the decorative field is marked by another scraped groove

(316, 317).

The earliest context for these cups is Menon's Cistern, indicating that they began to be produced before ca. 275. One (314) belongs to the Ptolemy Group and is still decorated in the late Classical tradition, while 315, more fully Hellenistic in style, is an early work of the Shark Group. The checkerboard/rectangle pattern on 316 and 317 places them after ca. 270. It is possible that the shape continued to be produced in Athens at least until 225 (althoughnone of the examples presented here is so late) and influencedthe pinecone moldmade bowls that resembleit. NET-PATTERNCUP (318-323;

see Graph 4)

Six wheelmade hemispherical cups are decorated with networksof incised lines reminiscent of a tortoiseshell,103a pattern that occurs on other shapes as well.104 The shape and decoration 100 E.g. Alt-AginaII, i, nos. 523, 546, pp. 72, 74, pis. 40, 41 (possibly Attic); CorinthVII, iii, nos. 525, 526, p. 88, pl. 54; Broneer 1958, nos. 37, 38, pp. 31-32, pl. 13:dand Anderson-Stojanovic1993, nos. 89, 124, 126, pp. 290, 294, figs. 15, 20, pis. 64, 67 (Isthmia);Gravani 1988-1989, p. 107, pl. 6:a (Ephyra);Kalydon,no. 8, p. 129 (417), figs. 144, 145; AlbaniaAnticaIII, no. 9, p. 132, pl. XIX (Butrinto);DemetriasI, no. 136, p. 123, pls. 43:1, XIX:4; Watzinger 1901, no. 20, pp. 75-76 and Callaghan 1978a, no. 83, p. 20, pl. 6 (Crete); Courby 1913, no. 721, pp. 427-428, fig. 6 (Delos); Buchholz 1975, E 101, p. 108, pl. 20:c (Methymna);AvP IX, p. 122, pI. 58:f:, 4 (Pergamon);Prine, nos. 7, 397-3, 1980,no. no. 35, 8,, 8, pp.157-15397-398, 526:7; 1980, pp. SamosXI fig. 35,p. 129, p. 53 p.1 Wmtermeyer figG; C 39, 31-C II, i, nos. 338, 371-373, pp. 45, (Didyma); EphesosIX, ii/ii, pp. 62-63, 65-66, ps. 73-75; Labraunda 74, 76, pls. 17, 18; G. Kleiner 1975, p. 217, p. 44:a, b = Breccia 1930, no. 21881, p. 126, pl. XX:2, and Pagenstecher 1913, p. 21, fig. 29 (Alexandria);PaphosIII, no. 5, p. 131, fig. IV, pl. IV:12; Morel 1981, Series 2131-2133, p. 139, pl. 31, Pagenstecher 1909, no. 101, pp. 68-69, and Bisi 1970, no. 77, p. 548, fig. 38 (Italy); Ferron and Pinard 1955, no. 129, p. 71, pl. LXIII (Carthage). 101 Bothmer 1984, nos. 105, 106, pp. 59-60 (masks). For shell feet on a Roman modiolus from the Treasure of Boscoreale, see Villefosse 1899, pp. 62-63, fig. 14. 102 E.g. P 18686, P 28440 (AgoraXXII, nos. 1, 2, p. 45, pl. 1). 103 These have also been referred to as network, football, and polygonal bowls. For examples from other sites see Kabirion III, no. 314, p. 136, pl. 14; Corinth VII, iii, nos. 530, 531, p. 90, pl. 54; H. S. Robinson 1969, no. 61, p. 28, fig. 3 on p. 12, pl. 3, from Corinth but imported (see CorinthVII, iii, C-65-97,pp. 89-90, 8990, p 17); Bruneau 1970, pp. x no. 185.18, pp. 498-499, figs. 163, 164 (Argos);FdD i, no. 408, p. 174, fig. 733 (Delphi); PF II, G 3, p. 117, fig. 10, pl. 51 and Z 132-137 A, p. 154, fig. 20, AvPXI, ii, nos. 296, 297, p. 89, pis. 51:3, 52:8, no. 407, p. 99, pl. 52:2, and AvP IX, p. 120, pl. 57:c:8 (Pergamon);TarsusI, no. 113, p. 219, fig. 125 and, with painted decoration, no. 128, p. 220, fig. 126; AntiochIV, i, no. 57, p. 13, fig. 3:21, 23; HamaIII, ii, no. 84, p. 20, figs. 8, 9; PaphosIII, no. 27, p. 105, fig.I111:7,pl. XXVI:17. 104 E.g. inkwell (1327, 1328, and CVA,Amsterdam 2 [Netherlands 2], pl. 4 [86]:13, 14); unguentarium (Veroia, II1460, pp. 78-79, fig. 20 on p. 127, pl. 53); askos (Corinth VII, iii, nos. 605-607, pp. 102-103, pls. 19, 58); oinochoe (La Rosa 1990, p. 162, pl. 83:a).

HEMISPHERICAL CUP AND RELATEDSHAPES

109

are paralleled in moldmade bowls, gold glass, and silver.105In the black-glazed examples, the bottom may be rounded (323), slightly flattened (319), or worked with a low ridge and scraped groove (318, 320-322). One or two scraped grooves appear below the rim on the exterior. of the 2nd century. At half of first Net-pattern cups have been found elsewhere in contextsr least two pieces from the Agora can be placed in the 3rd century on the basis of their contexts: 318, from a closed and firmly dated deposit of the third quarter of the century (lower fill of N 21:4), and a small fragment from a stratum associated with the construction of the gateway beside the Stoa Poikile.106This fill contained a fairly large selection of pottery,the latest datable in the early second quarter of the 3rd century. The possibilitythus remains open that net-pattern cups were introduced as early as the second quarterof the 3rd century. The Agora material is too scanty to trace shape development with any assurance. The contexts suggest, however, that the somewhat conical profile of 321 and 322 is characteristicof the 2nd century. Completely hemispherical cups, however, may also date this late (323). The shape can be traced to at least the third quarter of the 2nd century. BLACK-GLAZED HEMISPHERICAL Cup (324-327) A number of cups are similar to the net-pattern cups in profile, rim, and foot but lack all decoration. The foot, where preserved,is a low ridge, and there are normally one or more scraped grooves below the rim on the outside. All these pieces were found in contexts deposited in the 2nd century. Two fragments have rouletted decoration on the exterior, a treatment that occurs sporadicallyalso on the interiorsof small plates and of hemisphericaland conical cups (355, 374, 375, 825, 826). Since this treatment is limited to the late 3rd or early 2nd century, we may place 324 and 325 here also. see Graph 4) These cups, which have close parallels in silver and glass, are characterized by a parabolic profile, completely plain and undecorated except for two or three grooves below the rim inside and outside.107The shape is found on other sites, where it may have a ridged exterior or a more elaborate treatment of the interior of the rim.108 Five of the six inventoried examples (e.g. 328, PARABOLICCUP (MASTOS)(328-330;

105 Moldmadebowls:

e.g. P 598 (H. A. Thompson1934, D 38, pp. 381-383, fig.69:a, b); P 16096(Agora XXII, no. 403, p. 92, pls. 69, 89, 97);othersare listedin referencesinAgora XXII, p. 39, note 106. Glass:Saldern1959, III.1,pp. 45-46, fig.31. Metalware:Bothmer1984,no. 97, pp. 56-57. 106p 31420 fromlot BE 995. See Shear1984,p. 21 andnote 33, whereotherlotsassociatedwiththe gatewayare listed.Closeto twotinsof potteryhavebeensaved.Reexamination of theselotsin 1989bringsthedatedownintothe secondquarterof the 3rd centuryon the basisof a Classicalkantharosfragmentwith cornucopiaand branchin lot BE 985, an angularkantharosfragmentwith incisionin lot BE 918, anotherwith wave and dolphinpattern in lot BE 921, and twoplatefragmentsin lot BE 920. 107 The shapeis oftencalleda mastos,butsincethatnamehasbeenappliedto anynumberof roughlyhemispherical shapes,a moreprecisedescriptivetermhasbeenadoptedhere.Forexamplesin silversee Richter1956,no. 29, p. 46, pl. XIX:C;Papabasileios1910,pl. IE:4;Maximova1979,no. 5, pp. 80-81, fig.26. Forglasscupssee G 537 fromthe Agora(G.D. Weinberg1961,no. 12,p. 392, fig.3, pl. 95);Oliver1968,A. 1-5, p. 49, figs. 1-3; G. D. Weinberg1970, van Ufford1972,pp. 46-49, figs. 1-5. pp. 20-21, profiles1-11, 28; alsothreegold-glassbowls,Byvanck-Quarles 108Withridgedexterior:Corinth no. AvP VII, iii, 550, pp. 92-93, pls. 17, 56; I, p. 160, IX, p. 120,pl. 57:b:6;Tarsus fig.125:G;AvPXI, i, no. 456, p. 168,pl. 67; Ikaros II, ii, no. 38, p. 9, pl. 3. Withelaborateinteriorrim:Tarsus I, no. 114, III, no. 28, p. 134,fig.XLVII(ESA);Macalister1912,II, p. 217, Shapew, pl. CLXXIX:17, p. 219, fig. 125;Paphos 27. Also, with simplerim, but slightlydifferentshapeand plain exterior:Lamboglia1952, CampanaB Form9, p. 149 = Morel1981,Series2111,p. 138,pl. 31. Cf. alsothemuchsimplerIkaros II, ii, nos. 351-353, p. 29, pl. 38, in eggshellware.

110

5. DRINKINGCUPS

329) are virtually identical in shape and size (Diam. 16-18 cm.) and come from three closely contemporary deposits (F 17:4, M 21:1, P 21:4), which were discarded around the end of the first quarter of the 2nd century. Their good state of preservation and the fact that M 21:1 is a workshop dump suggest that they were not old at the time of discard. We can therefore feel confident in placing them in the first quarter of the 2nd century. The sixth example (330) is different in proportions and lacks the exterior grooves; its context would allow a later date, and its close similarity to a cup found on Samos109raises the possibility that it may be imported. That the shape continued to be produced on other sites is demonstrated by its appearance in late Hellenistic contexts elsewhere 10 and by its continued popularity in metalware.111 OTHERBLACK-GLAZED CUPS(331)

331 and a close parallel in Thompson's Group C112are allied to parabolic cups by the shape of the rim, which is offset, beveled, and grooved on the inside. These, however, rest firmly on a low ridge. The same shape occurs in a smaller size with painted decoration (349). see Graph 4)

CUP WITHINTERIORDECORATION(332-390;

A broad, open cup, without foot or handles, and with decoration on the interior,appears as a new shape in Athens and elsewherein the early Hellenistic period.13 In Athens it was produced in two main forms: a fairlyshallow cup with a plain rim and, usually,a conical profile;and a more nearly hemispherical cup with an outturned rim. The two types are in large part contemporary, although the hemisphericalcup was introduced slightlylater,and were probablyproduced by the same shop or shops. Examples of both have been found together in workshop debris (E 14:1 and the lower fill of N 21:4), and the conical 341 and the hemispherical 365 may have been painted by the same hand. The origins of these cups have been extensively investigated, mostly because of the relief emblems sometimes applied to their floors, which find parallels in silver table ware and other metalwork.114 But the origins of the shape and of the emblems are so closely intertwined that 109 Tsakos 1994, p. 153, fig. 8. 110 Keramopoullos 1917, no. 4, pp. 232-233, fig. 168:5 (Thebes; the tomb is there dated in the 3rd century, but the form of the unguentariumit contained suggestsa date in the second half of the 2nd century);Tsakos 1994, p. 153, fig. 8 (Samos, from a well probably filled in 130-125 B.c.);Dilos XXVII, D 59, p. 248, fig. 127, pl. 43. 11 See Strong 1966, pp. 108-109. 112 P 4002 (H. A. Thompson1934,C 7, p. 348, fig.

29).

113 For the shape on other sites see Alt-AginaII, i, no. 556, p. 74, fig. 59, pl. 42; CorinthVII, iii, nos. 532-549, 943, pp. 90-92, 187, plis. 17, 40, 55, 84; KabirionIII, nos. 306-313, p. 136, pl. 14; Kalydon,nos. 5-7, p. 129 (417),

Demetrias I, nos. 82-85, pp. 107-108, pls. 43:2, 4, 6, 8, XVIII:2, 8, 10; Gravani1986, fig. 144 (undecorated); pp. 126-129, fig. 131:1, 2, 4, 5 (Kassope);Drougou 1991, p. 127 (Edessa;apparently without painted decoration); Benton 1938-1939, nos. 17, 17 a, p. 32, pl. 15 (Ithaka);Homann-Wedeking1950, no. 4 e, p. 181, figs. 16:A, 19:Aand Callaghan 1981b, pp. 61-65 (Knossos);Hadjimichali 1971, no. 290, pp. 204-208, figs. 40-42 (Lato);Patsiada 1990, nos. 13-23, pp. 147-152, pis. 52, 53 (Rhodes);PF II, D 2-D 11, pp. 47, 59-60, pis. 9-11 and AvP IX, pls. 57:g:l-3 and 59:c (Pergamon);Anderson 1954, nos. 238, 239, 244-247, p. 153, pl. 1 :b (Chios);EphesosIX, ii/ii, B 80-B 95, pp. 38, 49-50, pis. 43-46; C 1-C 12, pp. 55-57, 63-64, pls. 64-66; Mitsopoulou-Leon 1978, pp. 114-115, pl. 41:10 (Ephesos);AntiochIV, i, no. 55, p. 12, fig. 3:12-14, pl. II; SamariaIII, no. 1, pp. 259-260, fig. 53:1; SwCyprusExp IV, iii, fig. 27:2; PaphosIII, no. 6, pp. 108-109, fig. III, pl. 111:12;nos. 34-36, p. 116, fig. XLIM pl. 111:10,11; no. 96, p. 139, fig. XLVII; Levi 1964, p. 246, fig. 6 (Olbia); Green 1976, no. 27, pp. 13, 23, pl. 25 and Forti 1965, pp. 84-85, pl. XVI:b (Taranto);Green 1979, p. 86, fig. 11, pl. 22 (Sicily); Lamboglia 1952, Form 33, pp. 181-182 = Morel 1981, Series 2152, 2154, p. 142, pl. 32 (Italy,Campana A). 114 Silver emblem bowls: Wuilleumier 1930, pp. 34-40, pls. III, IV; in the Roman period, Pernice and Winter 1901, pp. 25-28, pls. III-V, and Villefosse 1899, nos. 1, 2, pp. 39-47, pls. I, II. For examples from other metalwork see

CUP AND RELATEDSHAPES HEMISPHERICAL

1l1

they must be investigated together. Pagenstecher,because of the large number of clay cups with emblems found in Egypt, and because of a cup with a Medusa emblem now in the Louvre, which he regarded as both early and of Egyptian manufacture, placed the origins of emblem cups in Alexandria.115 The Louvre cup, however,and others like it, now turn out to be Cretan products, made between ca. 210 and 150,116and thereforehave no relevance to the origin of the type. Relief emblems were common enough in Hellenistic Alexandria;117they were not, however, native to Egypt but were introduced, perhaps by the Greeks,possibly by the Persians.118 Fernand Courby, pointing to literary testimonia regarding late-5th-century metal "Thericleian cups" with what may have been interior reliefs, put the origins of emblem cups in Athens, though suggesting that Rhodes too may have played an importantpart.119More recently,Beryl Barr-Sharrarhas sought the origins of the decorative bust in the court style of early Hellenistic Macedonia.120 The origins of the clay emblem cups and the originsof their metal prototypesare two separate though interrelated problems. Since it is the clay reflections that are most frequently preserved and with which we are here concerned, we must content ourselves with attempting to pinpoint their origins, without reference to postulated metal precedents. The hemispherical cup was certainly a creation or rediscovery of the 3rd century and was totally absent from the Classical Attic ceramic repertoire. Precedent for the relief emblems, however, may be found in the small relief heads that replaced the boss on the floor of clay calyx-cups in the last quarter of the 4th century (see 119, 120, 123, 125, 126, pls. 12 and 141)121and on silver Achaemenid cups of the Macedonian variety, probably produced for members of the Macedonian court in the second half of the 4th century.122A further link between the earliest conical cups and the calyxcup is the treatment of the exterior wall. Most calyx-cups have vertical ribbing on their lower bodies, but a few have broad, contiguous, horizontal grooves.123This feature also appears on one of the earliest conical cups in the Agora (333). One could therefore argue for a native Athenian development from the calyx-cup to the conical cup. But despite the similarities, there are also substantial differences of shape and size between the two shapes that make such a development problematical. There are, in fact, clear traces of Egyptian influence in one of the earliest Agora examples (333). Its shallow, conical shape, the interior decoration, and the shallow horizontal Hoffmannand Davidson1965, nos. 90-95, pp. 222-235 and no. 124, pp. 266-270 (jewelry);Barr-Sharrar 1987, passim(phialai,pyxides,fulcra,furniture,mirrors).The painteddecorationand, to a lesserdegree,the shapeof the clay bowls are also paralleled in gold glass (Byvanck-Quarlesvan Ufford 1972, pp. 46-49, figs. 1-5) and metal (Watzinger1901, pp. 89-91). 115 Pagenstecher 1909, pp. 6-8, pl. 1, followed by Pfrommer 1987, p. 163, note 1079. 116 Callaghan 1981b, pp. 61-65; Hadjimichali 1971, no. 290, pp. 204-208, figs. 40-42. 117 E.g. Pagenstecher 1913, pp. 57-64; R. A. Lunsingh Scheurleer 1965, pp. 80-83; D. B. Thompson 1973, 76-77. pp. 118 R. A. Lunsingh Scheurleer 1965, p. 82; Segall 1945, pp. 4-5. 119 Courby 1922, pp. 263-267. For Therikleian cups see Athenaios 11.470e-472e. See DarSag V, i-ii, p. 213, s.v. Thericlea vasa, for the suggestion that Therikleians had emblems. It is based entirely on interpreting the word 76X6tlov,apparently a standardpart of a Therikleian cup (see IG XI 128, lines 42-46) as an emblem. 120 Barr-Sharrar 1987, pp. 158-160. 121 Also P 19462, P 2111, P 22117 (AgoraXII, nos. 693-695, pp. 121, 285, pl. 28), and P 20303 (Webster1960, B 28, p. 281, pl. 67); CVA,Amsterdam 2 [Netherlands 2], pl. 4 [86]:2, 3; CVA,Mainz 1 [Germany 42], pl. 43 [2056]:7, 8; AtThasVII, no. 25, p. 127, pl. LIV. 122 no. 164, p. 184, pl. 33; Treasures no. 194, p. 64, no. 261, p. 72, and E.g. TheSearchforAlexander, ofAncientMacedonia, no. 280, p. 74, pl. 41. For a discussion of the silver and its origins and associations, see Pfrommer 1987, pp. 56-63. 123 P 19462 and P 20303 (AgoraXII, no. 693, p. 285); Sciatbi,no. 189, p. 70, pl. LVI:118. This feature is standardon Achaemenid phialai and bowls; see Persepolis II, pl. 70:C; R. A. Lunsingh Scheurleer 1972, p. 55, fig. 8.

112

5. DRINKING CUPS

grooves on the exterior find parallels in a series of faience cups of the so-called Naukratisware, produced in Egypt, perhaps Memphis, from ca. 325 to 200 and themselves derived from Persian metalware.124 That the emblem on this earliest Agora example happens to be the portrait of an Egyptian king is also suggestive. The shape, with or without relief emblem, is attested in Athens around 275; it appears at about the same time in South Italy,125another place with strong ties to Alexandria. The ancestry of the form seems clear,but at the moment it is not possible to say where the lines of development came together. TYPE 1: STRAIGHT RIM, CONICAL PROFILE (332-356)

The walls of this type are nearly straight, with a very slight convexity, although some later examples are more nearlyhemispherical(e.g.348). The cups usuallybear close-set glazed grooves (sometimesspirallygrooved, e.g. 344) on the exterior:in groups (e.g. 341, 342) or in a continuous series, sometimes reaching from foot to lip (e.g. 344). The rim is straight, usually plain on the exterior,and markedon the interiorby one or two scrapedgrooves. The interiorwall is divided by scraped grooves into a medallion and one or, more rarely,two wall zones, and almost all examples are decorated in West Slope technique. The foot is a low ridge surrounded by a groove. The conical type also exists in a black-glazed version (355, 356), although even then there may be decoration in the form of rouletting and scraped grooves. There is a considerable range in size. Some pieces are large (Diam. 19.0-23.5 cm.), while others are in the normal range for drinking cups (Diam. 12.0-14.5 cm.). Some rather shallow examples have a much smaller capacity (e.g. 332, 347) and possibly served as libation vessels. The conical cup was introduced in Athens around 280. Two early examples (332, 333) can be placed in the Edwards Group and the Ptolemy Group126respectively,and the Ptolemaic portrait on 333 limits its date to ca. 280-260 (see p. 117 below). The date is confirmed by another cup, of somewhat different profile but still clearly early, from AbschnittII of the Dipylon Well, which contained material dating in the range 290-260.127 Of this same early stage are 334 and 335, also of the Ptolemy Group, two fragments attributableto the Dikeras Group (336, 337), and 339 and 340. At this point the ridges on the exterior are often broad and shallow, and the groove on the interior of the rim is sometimes lacking. It was not until after 240 that the typical Hellenistic profile described above developed (see 341,342, 344, 355, 356); fragmentsof fully developed cups were found in the lower fills of E 14:1 and N 21:4 (e.g. 341, 344) but do not occur in the slightly earlier Group B. Varioustreatmentsof the exterior were already current at this stage: totally ridged (344) or with groups of widely spaced grooves (341). Various sizes are also attested. The larger cups (341, 342, 344, 355, 356) may be restrictedto this time range (ca.240-220), for examples found in later contexts are all very fragmentary(355, 356). Cups from still later contexts are simpler,with fewer exterior ridges and a single groove below the rim on the interior; the profile often tends towards the hemispherical, but the rim is still straight. Perhaps the potters' and customers' attention was being diverted from this shape by the introduction of moldmade hemisphericalcups. The earliest of the very small examples (347, 348) come from P 21:4 and probably date in the first quarter of the 2nd century. The shape 124 R. A. LunsinghScheurleer1972,pp. 50-56; for Naukratiswaresee Wallis1898,pp. 81-85. 125Green 1976, p. 13; he suggestsAthenianinspiration(note 58 on p. 29). Forti(1965, pp. 84-85) suggests Alexandrianinspiration. 126 Alsoin the PtolemyGroup,the smallfragments334 and 335. 127 Braun1970,no. 85, p. 140,fig.2,pl. 56:5.

HEMISPHERICAL CUP AND RELATEDSHAPES

113

occurs only very rarely in deposits dating after ca. 175, but 349 in Group D and 351 from a Sullan context (0 17:5) attest its sporadic use in this smaller and simpler form down to the end of the 2nd century. 349 and 350 show the influence of the parabolic cup in the shape of the rim, which is beveled to the inside.128 TYPE 2: OUTTURNED RIM, HEMISPHERICALPROFILE (357-375)

An outturned rim and a more truly hemisphericalprofile are the hallmarksof this type. The exteriormay be plain (357), decorated with isolated grooves(e.g.361,362), or with closely spaced grooves, sometimes spirally grooved (363), giving the impression of ridging over part or all of the surface (e.g. 358, 359, 363, 368). There is a scraped groove below the rim and around the floor on the interior, creating a medallion and a wall register,both normally decorated in West Slope technique. The few unpainted examples all have some sort of interior decoration as a substitute (373-375). The foot is a ridge surroundedby one or more glazed grooves. The hemispherical type was introduced somewhat later than the conical one and was most popular just before the inception of moldmade bowls of exactly the same shape. A fine group of nine hemispherical cups was found in the lower fill of N 21:4, of the third quarter of the 3rd century. Those from the slightly later lower fill of E 14:1 are fewer and more fragmentary, suggestingthat this type was alreadygoing out of vogue in the last quarterof the century.129Only small fragments were found in the middle fill of N 21:4, deposited after the end of the century, when production of moldmade bowls was in full swing.130 In shape the wheelmade cups are identical to the earliest moldmade bowls.131 The close relationship between the two shapes is further underlined by two pieces that are hybrid between them: 373, with an incised medallion on the interior and on the exterior a lotus corolla of the sort that is found on early moldmade bowls, incised under the glaze instead of moldmade; and a moldmade bowl with West Slope decoration on its interior.132In view of this close relationship, it is possible that the hemispherical cups, like moldmade bowls, took their inspiration from metalwork. The interior decoration, however, suggests that the prototypes are more likely to have been gold-glass, where the decoration is visible to the drinkeras he drains the cup. 373, mentioned above, may attempt to reproduce this transparency in its use of a lotus corolla on both interior and exterior. Even among the closely contemporarypieces from N 21:4 and E 14:1 there is a fair amount of variation. The rim may be slightlyor stronglyoutturned(compare362 and 364), and exteriorwall treatment ranges from plain (362) to heavily grooved (363). Most examples are hemispherical, but one has a more conical profile (359), hybrid between the conical and hemispherical types. Although most pieces are uniform in size (Diam. 12.5-14.5 cm.), large examples were already being made in the 3rd century (365, Diam. ca. 17 cm.). 128 A similar treatment of the rim may be seen on the rims of cups of uncertain shape at several eastern sites. There, however, it is often more elaborate, with beading replacing ridging. E.g. SamariaIII, no. 5, pp. 259-260, fig. 53:5; AntiochIV, i, no. 55, p. 12, fig. 3:11, pl. II; DuraIV, i, ii, no. 25, p. 5, no. 46, p. 9, and no. 130, p. 23; TarsusI, no. 114, p. 219, fig. 125 and, in Eastern Sigillata A, nos. 294, 295, p. 234, figs. 137, 188. 129 From N 21:4 are 358, 360-364, 366, and P 16227. From E 14:1 are 359, 365, 367, and P 6292. 130There was a similar situation in a well on Chios, where fragments of cups with interior decoration were found in a level that contained no moldmade bowls (Anderson 1954, nos. 238, 239, 244-247, p. 153, pl. I1:b, from the third deposit, p. 159). It is not clear if these cups are of the conical or the hemisphericalvariety. 131 E.g. P 5813 (AgoraXXII, no. 49, p. 50, pls. 8, 73). 132 P 20280 (Agora XXVII, no. 220, p. 197, pl. 51).

114

5. DRINKINGCUPS

The shape continued into the 2nd century but apparently was not very popular, for only four examples from contexts later than 175 have been inventoried (e.g. 371). Ridging from foot to rim first appears on cups from deposit E 5:2 (368), and we may conjecture that this treatment was borrowed from the conical cups in the last quarter of the 3rd century. Cups from 2nd-century contexts sometimes have thick walls (369, 371), fairly straight rims (370, 371), and larger dimensions than 3rd-centuryones (369, 370, 372). The shape may not continue beyond ca. 175. PAINTED DECORATION

The two types share a similar decorative scheme, with the difference that the walls of large conical cups are sometimes divided into two zones instead of one and thus may carry a greater variety of decoration. The composition, placement, and some of the motifs are paralleled in silver and gold-glass; extant precious examples133have generally been dated later, but something like them must have served as prototypes. In the medallion is usually a star, sometimes of simple asteriskform (e.g. 346) but usually more elaborate: plain rays alternatingwith a variety of white elements, or with dots and lozenges inserted between pointed rays. A rosette appears only rarely (364, 369).134 For the walls, various garlands (ivy, grapevine, olive) appear commonly, as does the spearhead necklace. The charm necklace is absent, having dropped out of the repertoire before the floruit of the shape. A large-scale wheat wreath, a rare motif, appears once (372). Combinations of isolated elements, such as torch, bunch of grapes, round wreath, branch, and thymiaterion,appear occasionally (e.g.342, 370) but were not as suitableto the shape as garlands and necklaces. The dolphin is found only rarely,on a few early cups of the Ptolemy and Shark Groups (333, 334, 338) and on one later example (367). A single fragmentwith an incised band of checkerboard and lattice (353) attests to a pattern fairly common on cups from Corinth but rare in Athens.135 A couple of late pieces have the large-scale abstract patterns typical of the end of the Hellenistic period (349, 350). (332, 333, 376-390) Twenty-three relief emblems from cups with interior decoration have been inventoried at the Agora.136 Only two come from complete vessels (332, 333); most examples preserve only the emblem and the lower wall of the cup. Even so, it is clear that this decoration was more common on the conical type; of the sixteen pieces on which shape can be distinguished, only two are hemispherical cups (e.g. 386). Some of the emblems are quite sizable (Diam. 6 cm.) and the cups they decorated must have been large ones. The emblem is usually surroundedby two scraped grooves, sometimes also by a painted frameworkof crosses, dots, or zigzags (332, 381, 383, 387-390). The upper walls are often painted, but emblems were probablyalso applied to unpainted cups. Paint was sometimes used to pick out details of the relief (e.g. 332, 377, 379, 380, 383).137 EMBLEMS

133 E.g. Oliver 1977, no. 44, pp. 80-81; Watzinger 1901, pp. 89-90; Byvanck-Quarlesvan Ufford 1972, pp. 46-49, fig. 1-5; Bothmer 1984, nos. 92-94, pp. 54-55; Pfrommer 1993, nos. 1-17, pp. 110-143, 223-226. 134 Also P 4006 (H. A. Thompson 1934, C 12, p. 350, fig. 31). 135 Corinth VII, iii, nos. 532, 536, 537, 539, 540, 546, 943, pp. 91-92, 187, pls. 40, 55, 84. See also CVA,Oxford 1 [Great Britain 3], pl. XLVII [139]:16, said to be from Attica. 136 Cf. also two emblems from moldmade bowls: P 6200, P 23072 (AgoraXXII, nos. 287, 288, pp. 79-80, pl. 55). 137 Pagenstecher (1909, p. 7; 1913, p. 58) saw this as an early feature, but of two early examples (332, 333), one has painted detail, the other does not.

HEMISPHERICAL CUP AND RELATEDSHAPES

115

Subjects There are two main types of emblem: heads or busts, either frontal or in three-quarter view,138and more complex compositions of complete figures. Among the heads, the majority are, appropriatelyenough, Dionysiac characters. Three emblems (e.g. 380, 381), two of them from the same mold, show the head and shoulders of the same male figure. He has pointed ears and wears an ivy garland on his head and a nebris knotted over his chest; a lagobolonl39 perhaps appearsbehind his left shoulder. On the largeremblem (380) two horns are visible on the forehead of the figure, identifying him as Pan. The type is widespread, with or without horns (presumablyto be identified respectivelyas Pan or a satyr),140and also occurs in metalwork.141 Fourother pieces show only the head of the figure, turned to right or left, again recognizable as a satyr or Pan from the pointed ears (332, 379, 382, 383). The fine head on 378 is probably Dionysos himself, with thick hair and a fillet across his brow, above which are piled fruit and leaves.142 The same head, smaller,ornaments an importedjug (1703) and, in another version, the floor of a phiale (1391). Also probablyDionysiac is the kissingcouple that appears three times at the Agora (e.g. 384, 385). This was one of the most popular emblem motifs, found throughout Greek lands in clay and metalworkand continuing in popularity into Roman times.143 In some instances the identity of the couple as Dionysos and Ariadne or a maenad is made explicit by the inclusion of a thyrsos,144but the lovers on the Agora cups have no attributes. On 384 "Dionysos" is on the left and the right hand of the "Ariadne"is visible on his cheek.145The other two emblems (cf. 385), from one mold, are poorly preserved and at a smaller scale; the figures are reversed and the hand is not shown. Other figures are not easily identified. The winged personage of 386 appears as an emblem on two cups, mirror images, like the two Ptolemy portraits discussed below. On the basis of comparison with a smaller applique of similar composition, perhaps from a small bolster-krater (1359), the figure may be identified as female, possibly Iris or Nike. A heavily bearded face peers up from the bottom of 387. Wear on the mold has obscured the details, but the man wears headgear,possibly a lion skin with the lowerjaw dropping down beside the cheeks; if so, he must be Herakles. 333 and 376 present another pair of mirror images. They wear the Macedonian kausia, familiar from terracotta figurines and Hellenistic royal portraits.146 The features and, in 138 This is the normal Hellenistic

scheme, though there are a few examples of profiles in low relief that may be of Hellenistic date: cf. Kleiner and Muller-Wiener1972, no. 2, p. 84, fig. 17, pl. 25:5; Richter 1962, p. 1325, pl. CCLX: fig. 11; Kolonia 1974, p. 204, fig. 4:a, b. 139 Cf. Barr-Sharrar1987, TC 6, p. 116, pl. 63. 140 For examples from Egypt and the Black Sea region see Pagenstecher 1913, p. 59, fig. 70; Richter 1958, p. 375, fig. 28, pl. 93. 141 Barr-Sharrar1987, C 95, pp. 56-57, pl. 31, a bronze Pan, but with head turned to left, possiblyfrom South Italy. 142 Forsimilarbronze busts see Barr-Sharrar 1987, C 80-C 82, C 84-C 86, pp. 52-54, pls. 26-28, and in clay TC 5, p. 116, pl. 62 (pyxis lid). 143 Courby lists twelve examples (Courby 1922, pp. 234-235 under no. 15), to which may now be added BarrSharrar 1987, TC 55-TC 63, pp. 136-137, pl. 68 (whichinclude some pieces listed by Courby). See also Alt-AginaII, i, nos. 665, 666, p. 83, pl. 50. The subjectappearsalso in silver(Wuilleumier1930, pp. 34-40, pls. III, IV;Barr-Sharrar 1987, H 23 bis,p. 141, pl. 71) but not in bronze (Barr-Sharrar1987, p. 157). 144Wuilleumier 1930, pp. 34-40, pls. III, IV; Pagenstecher 1913, p. 58, fig. 69. 145 Cf. Barr-Sharrar 1987, TC 55, p. 136, pl. 68; Courby 1922, no. 15 B, p. 234, pl. VIII:b. 146 For the figurines see D. B. Thompson 1963a, pp. 53-55, 84-85. For coins see BMCSkyth,pp. 12, 25-26, V: VII: 11, 13; Seltman 1955, pl. LVI:3. Forportraitsof Ptolemaic kings wearing the kausiasee Milne 1916, pls. 1-3, nos. 63-65, pp. 91, 97, pl. IV; Brandt et al. 1972, no. 3525, p. 213, pl. 331.

116

5. DRINKINGCUPS

particular, the locks of hair over the ears, are strikingly close to coin portraits of Ptolemy I and II.147The head probably representsPtolemy I, and the cups were perhaps made in imitation of Alexandrian vessels employed in the cult of Soter (see the discussion of chronology below). extremely rare in Although portrait heads are fairly common in Roman pottery,148they are extre Greek wares and almost entirely confined to Egypt.149 Also unusual is the elderly woman of 377, known in two examples at the Agora. The type, which also exists in Hellenistic terracotta figurines,150is probably descended from the nurse figures of the 4th century.151 In its use as an emblem it probably makes reference to a stock character of art and literature, the drunken old woman. One might not think that this theme would be appealing to a drinker,but it forms the subject of several ancient plasticjugs.152 More elaborate compositions sometimes appear as emblems, as they do also in metalware.153 The sphinx of 388 seems to be derivedfrom an earlymodel; the rigid pose recallsArchaicfunerary monuments. More up to date is the Tritoness on 389; carrying an oinochoe and blowing a horn, she swims left, giving a ride to a small Eros, who himselfplays the double pipes. The composition is familiar from moldmade bowls and is particularlyclose to a figure on bowls from Hausmann's 154 Erotic scenes such s that on 390 occur Workshop. only rarely as emblems, although they are common on the walls of Pergamene appliqu-ware cups and are found from time to time on Homeric bowls.155 The composition is similar to Type IIa of the Pergamene cups,156with a man standiingh back against the turned leg of a kline,here misunderstood and magnified. Chronology Most of the emblems from the Agora were probably made before ca. 200. All but five of the eighteen found in closed contexts come from deposits in which the datable material is no 147

E.g. Svoronos 1904, pis. VII-IX, XI-XIV; Kraay and Hirmer 1966, nos. 799-801, p. 382, pis. 218, XIX. Richter (1962, pp. 1322-1326) postulated Hellenistic prototypes but could point only to mythological figures in the Hellenistic repertoire. 149 Rubensohn 1911, p. 24, fig. 1 (clay, from Egypt); R. A. Lunsingh Scheurleer 1978, pp. 1-7, figs. 1-11 (clay and plaster, from Egypt); Kyrieleis 1975, pp. 7-8, pl. 7:1, 2 (bronze portrait of Ptolemy I); D. B. Thompson 1973, nos. 278-280, 282, 286, 288, 290, pp. 201-204, pis. LXV-LXVII (faience portraitsof Ptolemies);Rubensohn 1911, nos. 12, 13, pp. 24-25, pl. X (plaster, probably cast from silver originals, found at Memphis). See also bronze emblems of Ptolemaic rulers used as ornaments on a chest in Delos (Queyrel 1984, pp. 267-300). 150 T 1345 (D. B. Thompson 1965, no. 3, p. 71, pl. 21). Figurinescould be cannibalized to form emblems (Courby 1922, p. 224). 151 D. B. Thompson 1963c, pp. 304-305, pl. 80. 152 For extensive comment on the theme see Zanker 1989;jugs in the form of a drunken old woman are illustrated on pp. 46, 47, figs. 31, 32, and back cover. See also Kossatz-Diessmann 1995; Bieber 1961b, p. 81, fig. 284, p. 141, fig. 586. 153 E.g. Oliver 1977, no. 36, pp. 72-73, no. 50, p. 88, and no. 53, p. 90; Bothmer 1984, no. 95, p. 55. 154 E.g. P 18932 (AgoraXXII, no. 181, pp. 65-66, pl. 33); Hausmann 1959, pl. 4. Other sea creatures (Triton, Nereid riding hippocamp) occur frequently in relief ware, especially on Calenian gutti and cups. See Pagenstecher 1909, no. 39, p. 43, fig. 19;Jentel 1976, pp. 325-327, 338-340, 369, figs. 170, 174-178, 195, pls. LIII, LV, LX; Richter 1959, p. 244, figs. 26, 28, pls. 54, 55; Carapanos 1878, no. 5, p. 111, pl. LXI:8. A Nereid on a hippocamp is one of the firstmotifs to appear in relief on the interiorof a drinkingcup: AA [JdI 25] 1910, cols. 219-220, figs. 18, 19, a silver kylix of the first half of the 4th century from the Tumulusof Tschmyrew. 155 PF II, pp. 79-80; Sinn 1979, MB 67-MB 70, pp. 120-125, pls. 26, 27; Siebert 1984, pp. 14-20, pls. 4, 5; Akamatis 1985, nos. 322, 323, M 79-M 88, pp. 207-210, 325-329, pls. 226-232, 294-302. For other erotic emblems see AvP I, ii, no. 4, p. 277, Beiblatt 44:4; FdDV, i, no. 455, p. 179; Nicole 1911, no. 1338, p. 308. 156 Cf. PF II, E 23, pp. 80, 97, pl. 27. 148

TWO-HANDLEDCUP

117

later than ca. 180. Six emblems were found in the building fill of the Middle Stoa (377-379, 389, P 21474, P 23092), a deposit that contained a large amount of earlier material. Six more come from deposits in which most datable materialwas little if any later than 200 (332, 380, 382, 384, 388, P 11442), and since all are fragmentary,it can be supposed that they were not the newest things in the deposits. It thereforeseems reasonableto date all twelve of these pieces before the end of the 3rd century. Most come from conical cups of the fully developed form and therefore date after ca. 240. One of the five pieces from later contexts (381) was made in the same mold as an emblem from an earlier context (P 11442) and had been reused as a pendant before its discard in the third quarterof the 2nd century;it can be dated with its mold brother. The freshnessof the molds and treatment of the exterior wall on 378, 379, and perhaps also 377 suggest that they stand near the beginning of the series. The close similarityof the Tritoness of 389 to the stamp on moldmade bowls of Hausmann'sWorkshopplaces it contemporarywith them, around 200.157 The four remainingpieces from late contexts probablydate in the 2nd century. 386 was found in a context that thatpredat it its mirror image predates the construction of the Stoa of Attalos, and soand be dated before about both are from which seem to have gone 160; may hemispherical cups, out of production around 175. 385 and its mold brother were found in contexts that contained long-petal bowls, but so battered is their condition that they need not date after ca. 150. The erotic emblem (390) is likely to be later, contemporary with the closely similar erotic scenes in vogue on Pergamene pottery of the later 2nd and 1st centuries. On some of these later pieces the emblem is surrounded by only a single groove, or nothing at all, while the double groove is more normal on earlier pieces. An unridged exterior wall, sometimes rather heavy, seems also to be characteristic of later pieces. Using these criteria we may suggest a relatively early date for 383. Evidence for the date of 387 is ambiguous; the smooth exterior finds its best parallels in 2nd-century cups, but the emblem is liemuch like two bolster-krater attachments of the second half of the 3rd century. Three pieces can be dated in the first half of the 3rd century. As mentioned above, the emblems of 333 and 376 represent a Ptolemaic king, probably Soter, and this identification provides a crucial fixed chronological point. They were probably inspired by Egyptian phialai used in the celebration of the Ptolemaic ruler cult institutedby Ptolemy II in the late 280's.158 On theother hand, the cups must have been made before the end of the Chremonidean War (261), when Athens passed back under the control of Macedonia and such close ties with Alexandria were no longer maintained. The shape and painted decoration of 333, the name piece of the Ptolemy Group, are also typical of the earliest stages of the form. The painted decoration of 332, characteristicof the Edwards Group, places it in this period also. TWO-HANDLED CUP There are two local versions of the two-handled cup, one imitating a Palestinian shape, one imitating a shape that probably was originallyproduced in southwest Asia Minor. (391-394; see Graph 4) The broad, two-handled drinking cup with incurved upper body, low everted rim, and two small, horizontal loop handles pinched back against the rim seems to have originated in the

IMITATION PALESTINIAN CUP

157

For the date of Hausmann'sWorkshopsee AgoraXXII, p. 28. 158 Forthe date see Fraser 1972, pp. 218, 224; Kyrieleis 1975, p. 140. Fordetailed argumentationsee Rotroff 1988b.

118

5. DRINKING CUPS

eastern Mediterranean. Although the shape is found sporadicallyin Greece,159it is particularly common in Hellenistic levels in the Levant, chiefly in Palestine.160The shape is also reported in some numbers at Miletos, as well as in Tinos (Turkey),the Chersonese, Olbia, Alexandria, and in a shipwreckat Serse Limani off the Turkishcoast, which carried a largely Egyptian cargo.161The eight Agora examples seem to be of local manufacture,although they were presumablymodeled on an eastern prototype. This Attic versionhas a flaringring foot and a broad body markedby one or two glazed grooves at one-third to half height. The upper body is constricted, and the low rim above the constriction is outwardlyinclined or vertical. There is no stamped decoration. In size most are similar to the more common, angularKnidian cups (Diam. 16-18 cm.; cf. 1576-1579), but some are smaller (e.g. 392). Elsewhere the shape was being produced as early as the beginning of the 3rd century. The Ser9e Limani wreck is well dated by amphoras to ca. 280-275,162 fragments were apparently found in early-3rd-centurycontexts at Tarsus,163and examples came to light in the Alexandrian necropolis at Plinthine, for which a date in the second half of the 3rd century has recently been suggested.164 The earliest Agora pieces are later, coming from contexts discarded after 200. Most come from deposits closed by ca. 165, but 394 was found in Sullan debris, leaving open the possibility that the cups had more than a brief vogue in Athens. Elsewhere in the Mediterranean the shape had a long life, and examples occur in later 2nd-century and even 1st-centurycontexts.165There is no change in proportionsor body shape among the Agora cups, but the rim of the one possibly late example (394) is straightratherthan everted and slightlyoffset from the wall. This offset also occurs on a piece from a deposit laid down in the early second quarter of the 2nd century (393) and may be a later development. 159 Examples are reported from Corinth (CorinthVII, iii, no. 554, p. 94, pls. 17, 56; see also nos. 552 and 553, similar,all in local fabric),Siphnos (Brockand Young 1949, no. 17, p. 64, pl. 21:22), Eretria(Papadakis1915, p. 139, fig. 13:1), Delos (D6losXXVII, D 173, p. 256, pl. 47), Lemnos (Massa 1992, no. 637, pp. 219-220, pl. 122), and perhaps Lesbos (Buchholz 1975, E 118, p. 110, pl. 23:c). 160 Lapp (1961, Type 151:4, p. 204) reports examples from Beth Shan, Beth Zur,Jerusalem, Lachish, Samaria, and Tell Sandahannah. See also the following: SamariaIII, no. 5, p. 227, fig. 39:5 and no. 1, p. 266, fig. 57:1; Bliss and Macalister 1902, p. 128, pls. 22:1, 61:28; BethShanII, p. 40, pl. L:19; AshdodI, p. 24, fig. 5:1, 2, pl. VIII:1, 2; AshdodII-III, p. 47, fig. 9:15 (citing also unpublishedexamples from Tel Mor), pp. 49-50, fig. 10:15, p. 54, fig. 16:1, p. 117, fig. 60:21-23, pl. LIII:5, p. 144, fig. 78:16-18, fig. 98:23, 24; Roller 1980, no. 12, pp. 35-42, p. 38, fig. 2 (Caesarea);LachishIII, pl. 81:111; Negev 1986, nos. 24, 25, p. 7 (Oboda);HamaIII, no. 80, p. 20, fig. 8; Ras ShamraI, nos. 198-201, pp. 127-128, pls. 45, 73; TarsusI, no. 82, p. 216, figs. 122, 181; Westholm 1936, p. 117, fig. 63:9 on p. 115 (Soli); Burkhalter 1987, no. 103, p. 375, fig. 10 (Amathous);PaphosIII, pp. 23-24, fig. XII: 1-3; Mitford 1980, K.501, p. 246 (Kafizin). See also Hayes 1984a, no. 167, p. 96, fig. 14 on p. 202 (without provenience). 161 Pfrommer 1985, nos. 29, 30, pp. 55-56, figs. 29, 30 on p. 68, pl. 19:5, 20 (Miletos);Ras ShamraI, p. 131, note 11 (Tinos); Belov 1962, p. 156, figs. 25:e, 27:e on pp. 164 and 166, and Levi 1964, p. 256, figs. 18:2, 3 (Chersonese); Pagenstecher 1913, no. 10, p. 146, fig. 150:c on p. 141, fig. 158 on p. 147 (Alexandria);Adriani 1952b, p. 142, fig. 70:24 (Alexandria);Adriani 1940, p. 116, fig. 53:58 (Alexandria);Pulak and Townsend 1987, p. 45, figs. 16, 17 (Serge Limani). 162 Grace 1986, pp. 551-565. 163 TarsusI, p. 157. 164

Adriani 1952b, p. 142, fig. 70:24. For recent opinion on the date of the necropolis (240-210 B.C.),see Enklaar 1985,p. 113. 165 E.g. DelosXXVII, D 173, p. 256, pl. 47 (context of late 2nd to early 1st century);Ras ShamraI, nos. 198-201, pp. 127-128, 131, pls. 45, 73 (lst century);AshdodII-III, pp. 49-50, fig. 10:15 (contextoflate 2nd to early 1stcentury), p. 172, fig. 98:23, 24 (froma pit filled in ca. 50).

TWO-HANDLED CUP KNIDIAN CUP (395404; IMITATION

119

see Graph 4)

This seriesof cups representsthe local potters'attemptto imitatethe popularKnidiancup (see pp. 233-234), which was importedto Athensin some numbersfrom at least the second The Athenianversionis distinguishedfromthe imports quarterof the 2nd centuryonwards.166

by the fabric (normal Attic clay) and glaze (thick,usually not matte, and covering the entire body and foot), as well as by details of shape and decoration. The lower body usually carries one or

two glazed grooves,and a glazedgroovehas sometimesbeen added to the outsideof the ring foot. The carinationof the body,alwaysvery sharpon the importedcups, is often softenedto a curve,and the upperbodyis slightlyconcaveratherthanconvex.The handleas wellis different from that on importedcups, made from a longer,broaderstripof clay. The upfoldedsection of the handle, running parallel to the wall of the cup, is much larger than in the imports and

hugsthe wallinsteadof extendingawayfromit. On ten of the fifteeninventoriedexamplesthere is roulettingon the floor;five of these have stampedpalmettes. This is a sizablecup, with rim diameterbetween 15 and 18 cm. Like the Knidian cups that they imitate, the Attic cups were produced over a long period

of time with little change. Severalexamples(396-398, P 21024) have been found in deposits

discarded in the early 2nd century, earlier,strangely,than the imports that the shape copies are documented in Athens. The shape is well representedin deposits laid down in the first half of the Ist century (e.g.403, 404), and an example from an early Roman context suggestsits continuation

beyondthe limitsof the Hellenisticperiod(P 21735 fromR 10:1).

Shape development is difficult to chart. 395, which comes from an earlier context than the others, is not certainlyofthis shape; the diagnostichandles are missing, and the piece is abnormally small. It could, however, represent an early stage, with broad foot and straight, nearly vertical

upperwall. Amongcanonicalexamples,however,we canpointto a morepronouncedbodyangle in examplesdatingafterca. 175 (399-404); and the grooveon the lowerbody is scrapedonly on earlierexamples(396). VARLANS (405, 406)

405 is a uniqueexampleof an angularcup withverticalstraphandles.The delicacyof both shapeand decorationsuggestsa relativelyearlydate,probablythe lastquarterof the 3rdcentury, when the checkerboardand rectanglepatternfirst became very popular. It would then be contemporarywith 395, the earliestof the black-glazedtwo-handledcups. 406 is a hybrid, one might almostsuggestan unsuccessfulexperimentmade by an inexperiencedpotter. The characteristichandleshave been addedto a bowl with outturnedrim. Inexperttoolingof the foot has produceda vesselwhose undersideprojectsbeyondits foot, so that the bowl rockson its curved underside. The glaze and rouletting,however,are of remarkablyhigh quality.

166Whatappearto be local imitationsare also foundon othersites: DelosXXVII, D 31, p. 243, fig. 125, pl. 41, apparentlyin Pergamenefabric;Tarsus I, nos.81 andA, p. 216, fig. 122,of localglazedware;Prene,no. 134,p. 433, fig. 550, in a fabricclassifiedas "sigillata"and with painteddecoration;Hayes 1971, no. 24, p. 265, fig. 15, in a redfabric(Knossos);AeXrk 3, 1978,B' 2 [1985],p. 331, pl. 160:P,withpainteddecoration(Samos);Patsiada1990, nos. 24-37, fig.9, pls. 53-55, manywithpainteddecoration(Rhodes).

6 OTHER VESSELSFOR WINE SERVICE STORAGE VESSELS AMPHORA WESTSLOPE (407-459; see Graph 5) WHRF.FMADE(407-453)

The West Slope amphora is a creation of the Hellenistic period. It was made from Italy to Asia Minor, although, except for those from Athens, few have been reported from Greece proper.1 Three main varietiesmay be distinguished:the Gnathian, with biconical body and strap handles;2 the amphoras of Asia Minor and the Black Sea, with ribbed body, molded rim, and strap handles;3and the Attic version, with plain body and rim and twisted rope handles. The Attic amphora has a molded ring foot in two r, less commonly, three degrees, with a plain, reserved resting surface, flat or slightly beveled; the underside is usually slightly convex. On the fairly squat body sits a cylindrical neck with a flaring rim; rope handles run from the shoulder to below the rim. The body is accented by scrapedgrooves: between the moldings of the foot, below the shoulder area, at the junction of the neck and body, and below the rim. The vessels are well glazed, inside and out, and West Slope decoration is present in all but one case (426), with the same motifs appearing on both sides of the pot. Sometimes either the upper or lower handle attachment is flankedby clay pellets, possibly in imitation of metal rivets,4and there are often plastic attachmentsat the base of the handle. About half of these show a slave maskwith a high forehead and deep mouth trumpet,5 but there are also examples of the wedge-bearded (445) and old-man or papposilenos masks (446),6 and of a beardless (female?)face (415, 417). The lack of detail in all indicates that they were made in worn or secondary molds. Alt-AginaII, i, nos. 525, 526, 553, 554, pp. 72, 74, pls. 40, 42; CorinthVII, iii, no. 187, p. 44, pls. 6, 47 (a miniature); Gravani 1988-1989, p. 107, pl. 5:e (Ephyra, with better illustration in BCH 89, 1965, p. 772, fig. 3); KabirionIII, no. 390, p. 138, pls. 18, 50:22; DelosXXVII, D 74, p. 251, pl. 44; Zapheiropoulou and Hatzidakis 1994, p. 245, pl. 200:p3(Delos, but possibly Attic); SamosIV, nos. 298-300, pp. 118-119, pl. 58; SamosXIV, p. 116, figs. 191:A, B, 192:B;Williams and Toli 1990, p. 104, pl. 61:y (Mytilene). 2 Forti 1965, pp. 75-77, pls. XXV:c, XXVIII:e; see Green 1979, p. 85 for a discussionof both the Apulian and the Sicilian forms.

3

E.g. PF II, D 67-D 72, p. 62, pls. 17-20 (Pergamon);TarsusI, no. 117, p. 219, fig. 125;Jacquemin and Maffre 1986, no. 15, pp. 201-204, figs. 30-33 (Cyprus);CVA,Mainz 2 [Germany 43], pp. 72-73, pl. 36 [2093]:5, 6 (fromthe Vogell Collection, hence probably from Olbia); CRPetersb 1880, no. 68, pp. 19-20, plate facing p. 12:5 = Maximova 1979, no. 1, pp. 112-114, fig. 53, pl. IV:5 (Artiukov'skurgan); Loeschcke 1891, no. 2, p. 19 (Olbia); HistriaII, XXXVII:7, p. 194, pls. 95, 96. For an early example, recently published, see PaphosIII, no. 1, pp. 6, 108, fig. IV, pl. II:16. 4 Several scholarshave commented on the purporteddebt of the shape to metalware,visible primarilyin its plastic elaboration and crisp profile (H. A. Thompson 1934, p. 444;Jacquemin and Maffre 1986, pp. 202-203; PF II, p. 50), but no metal parallels are known to me. The supposed metallic featuresdo not appear on the earliest amphoras but rather on more developed vessels. The situation is paralleled in a number of Classical shapes, for example belland calyx-kraters,which evolve from a heavy and simple form into a lighter form with "metallic"characteristics.See Robertson 1985, p. 23. 5 Cf. Webster 1969, AV 5, p. 56. 6 Cf. Webster 1960, C 10, C 15, pp. 277, 283, pl. 68.

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121

The earliest context for an unambiguous West Slope amphora in the Agora is Thompson's Group B (deposited ca. 240), which contains two examples (408, 409); another comes from the approximately contemporary AbschnittIV of the Dipylon Well.7 It is likely, however, that the shape was introduced somewhat earlier. The West Slope decoration on the amphoras in Group B can be associated with the Bracket Leaf Group, and the fragment 411 belongs to the Dikeras Group, which dates them within the second quarter of the 3rd century. From a deposit laid down slightly after ca. 275 comes a fragment that may be either an amphora or an oinochoe introductioningback the toof second (407); if it is an amphora, it pushes the date obeginn of the 3rd for the from have come where it is known Italy, century. Inspiration shape may quarter considerably earlier. A small (H. 12 cm.) amphora decorated in Gnathia technique but close in form to the Attic shape was found in Taranto with a red-figuredsquat lekythos dating around 325.8 Once established, the Attic West Slope amphora was apparentlya successfulitem of trade, and a number of examples have been found on other sites.9 There are about fiftywheelmade amphorasor possible fragmentsof amphoras inventoriedat the Agora, half of which are substantiallywhole. From these a number of useful landmarksin shape development may be extrapolated. A group of six pieces (408413) gives a good idea of the earliestform of the shape. The lower body is plump and curving, and the scraped groove is often omitted from the belly. The rim is outturned, but its edge does not droop down, and the scraped groove is usually fairly close up under the lip. The handles are horizontal at the top, not arched. There are no applied masksbelow the handle attachments,and shoulderdecoration is naturalistic ratherthan geometric. Within this group 412, with its somewhatsimplifiedgrapevine, is probably the latest, dating near the middle of the century. 414 belongs to the later phase of the Shark Group,just after the middle of the 3rd century. The elongated body and the knobs flankingthe upper handle attachment show advance over the early group discussed above. 415, of the Bracket Leaf Group, is close to it in date and is the earliest piece with mask attachments at the base of the handles. These appear also on 416, a transitionalpiece combining early and late features;the handles are not arched and the shoulder decoration is naturalistic,but the rim has the horizontal form that will be common later on. With 417 appears a new form of decoration on the shoulder,the checkerboardand rectangle that were to become canonical in this position. It must be one of the earliest pieces so painted, dating perhaps around 235, for the handles are not arched, as they are in most pieces with geometric decoration. In the subsequent phase of development the handles are arched, the rim nearly horizontal, and the groove beneath the rim moves furtherdown the neck. Geometric shoulderdecoration and mask handle attachments are now derigueurexcept on smaller pieces (425, 426). 418 probably represents the beginning of this phase. The scraped groove is still close under the lip, but the handles are now arched. A peculiar feature, the slight sinking of the neck into the body, relates it to the more fragmentary 419 and 420. The context of 418 included no moldmade bowls, and so this stage in the development of the amphora was reached before their inception in ca. 225 7 Braun 1970, no. 117, pp. 144-145, fig. 5, pl. 59:1. 8 Bernabo Brea 1940, no. 15, p. 450, fig. 24. 9 Alt-AginaII, i, no. 553, p. 74, pl. 42; CorinthVII, iii, p. 44; Williams 1977, no. 3, p. 68, pl. 24 (Corinth); SamariaIII, no. 1, p. 238, fig. 44:1; HistriaII, XXXVII:8, p. 194, pis. 95, 96; Vogell, no. 305, p. 34, pl. VII:18 (Olbia?); Ferron and Pinard 1960-1961, no. 395, pp. 142-143, pl. LXVIII (Carthage). Possiblyalso Attic are CVA,Kassel 2 [Germany 38], pp. 61-62, pl. 86 [1886]:I, 2 (Olbia); Dtlos XXVII, D 74, p. 251, pl. 44; and Fuchs 1963, p. 47, pl. 82 (from the Mahdia shipwreck).

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and may be placed within the span 235-225. From this time onward, rather straight lower walls begin to appear, although the curved body was never abandoned. 422, with a slightly drooping rim, and probably also 423, representlater development in this phase; the context of the former suggests a date between 225 and 175. 421, dating in the last quarter of the 3rd century,representsa variation. It has strap instead of rope handles, burdened with every possible form of plastic decoration. These features may have been borrowedfrom elaborateWest Slope kantharoisuch as 252-256, or they may show the influence of the Asia Minor/Black Sea variety,where straphandles were the norm.l? The straight lower wall and angular profile of 424 suggest a date in the firstquarterof the 2nd century,despite the absence of arch in the handles;but the piece is unusualin fabric and shape and may be an import. The pale clay suggestsCorinth, but no comparablepieces have been publishedfrom that site. A homogeneous group of amphoras comes from four deposits of material dating around the middle of the 2nd century (E 6:1, E 6:2, H 16:4 [Group D], and the building fill of South Stoa II [M-N 15:1]: 427-429, 431, 432). The salient characteristicis the shape of the handles, which start out horizontally from the neck and then arch up strongly. Most of these pieces also have drooping rims, and some are closely relatedin decoration (427-429). Handles of this type appear also on the moldmade amphora 459, which was made in a worn mold of the Workshopof Bion, a shop that may not have functioned after ca. 175, although reuse of its old molds by another shop is not precluded. Another pot from this group was found at Corinth in a context dating before 146,I1 although the Agora contexts are slightlylater. We might then suggest a span of ca. 175-140 for this stage. 430 is related to the group by its decoration. The undersize amphora 425 comes from a context of the first half of the 2nd century but is differentfrom larger amphoras in details and proportions. The second half of the 2nd century saw a further development of the rim. 433, 434, and 435 have increasingly angular,downturned rims, an exaggeration of the rim of 432. The simply arched handle has been reintroduced. The body of 433 is still curvilinear,and it and the closely similar434 probablydate close to 432; a note of archaismmay be detected in the dolphin motif of 433, which is mostly confined to the 3rd century. 435, which comes from Sullan destructiondebris and relies heavily on incision for its decoration, should date in the late 2nd or early 1st century. More distinctiveis a group of eight amphoraswith molded lips (436, 438 411). The contexts (Thompson'sGroupsD and E, and Sullan debris)indicate that this featurewas in use in the period 140-86, though not to the exclusion of the downturned rim described above. These pieces have broadly flaring rims and, often, arched handles like those of the roughly contemporary 434 and 435, tucked up rather closely under the rim and reflecting its curve. The lower handle attachmentswere made in very worn molds or are simply handmade lumps. 436, from Group D, must be the earliestmember of the group;its decorationresemblesthat of earlieramphoras,and its handle attachment is a fairlyclear slave mask. Very similarto it is 437, part of a late-2nd-century disturbance in A 18:1; although the rim is missing, it should probably be added to this group. Pieces from Group E and Sullan destructiondebristend to have straightlower walls and somewhat angularprofiles(440-444). A panel of lattice workreplaces or augments concentric rectangleson many of them (439-441, 443, 444); this motif is occasionally found on earlier vessels (e.g. 418), 10 Cf. particularly TarsusI, no. 117, p. 219, fig. 125 and Jacquemin and Maffre 1986, no. 15, pp. 201-204, figs. 30-33. One might imagine this as an attempt to compete more successfully in the markets of the northern Black Sea coast, where the elaborate amphoras of Asia Minor had met with success. 11 Williams 1977, no. 3, p. 68, pl. 24; for the context see p. 56. Also of this group are Vogell,no. 305, p. 34, VII: 18, probably from Olbia, and I. R. Metzger 1973, no. 85, pp. 59-60, pl. 11, from Peiraieus. pl.

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but it is not a regular feature until late in the 2nd century. Another characteristic feature of these late amphoras is the two white filletsthat hang from the lower handle attachment, again not unknown earlier (417, 420, 429) but now common. Three pieces are probably the work of a single hand (440-442 of the Gaudy Amphora Group). On the neck of 438 is the large ivy vine with incised stem of the Large Leaf Groups,which is common also on reversiblelids of this period (e.g. 1284). The red glaze, heavy use of incision, and double handle of 444 suggest it is one of the latest amphoras of the group. A group of small amphoras (449-453), not quite miniatures but too small to have fulfilled their normal function, reflects the shapes of larger pieces.12 All date after the middle of the 2nd century. MOLDMADE(454-459)

Sometimes the lower body of an amphora was made in a hemispherical mold of the sort used for moldmade relief bowls.13 There are ten inventoried examples at the Agora, only two substantially complete. Like the wheelmade amphoras, they have a high shoulder, cylindrical neck, slightly downturned rim, and rope handles with plastic attachments at the base. Where preserved, the shoulder decoration is the checkerboard-and-rectanglemotif used invariablyon wheelmade amphoras dating after ca. 225. 454 has a molded ring foot of the type that appears on wheelmade amphoras (though with glazed restingsurface),but most moldmade amphoras have a more elaborate base, of which three varieties are attested. 1:Widely spreadingand loosely molded, with a scrapedgroove on the side; similarbut usually a bit smaller than the foot used for moldmade kraters(455-457). 2: A broad disk, with grooved outer edge and low molded stem (459). 3: Similar to 2 but with a more elaboratemolding of the stem and no groove on the outer edge of the disk (458). In all three the resting surface is glazed. Varieties 2 and 3 are perhaps later than variety 1, for no example of variety 2 or 3 has been found in a secure context of earlierthan ca. 175; in addition, 458 (variety3) was made in a very worn mold of the Workshopof Bion, and so should date late in the history of that shop. WorkshopA seems to have been more active than Bion'sworkshopin the production of these elaborate vessels, with five as opposed to two attributablepieces to its credit.14 455 was made in the same mold as a bowl from the Agora,15but the peculiar,elongated shape and the absence of a rim pattern on 458 suggest that its mold was made specificallyfor the production of amphorasand not for moldmade bowls. Four pieces bear figured motifs (455, 458, 459, P 8557 [AgoraXXII, no. 407]), and a fifth may be floral (454). The range of date is thus presumably the same as that for figured and floral moldmade bowls. Severalamphoras,however,were made in very worn molds, and so may be later than the decorationwould imply. None have the long-petal decoration that was popular after 150. Context suggests 455 dates before ca. 200, and the freshness of the mold in which it was made would seem to support this. 454 may also be early, since it shares the simple foot of the wheelmade amphora; its delicate floral decoration also suggests an early 12 For a similar series see Patsiada 1990, nos. 173-176, pp. 190-191, figs. 27, 28, pl. 75:y, 8, from Rhodes.

13 Raedar

(1986, pp. 204-205) gives a list of moldmade amphorasof the Asia Minor/Black Sea variety and (p. 207, note 8) of moldmade amphoras from Greece. To the latter add P 8557 (AgoraXXII, no. 407, p. 92, pls. 70, 89); AeXr 19, 1964, B' 3 [1966], p. 361, pl. 423:p (Kozani);Lazarides 1973, p. 53, pl. 69:3 (Amphipolis). 14 From WorkshopA: 455, 458, P 8557 (AgoraXXII, no. 407, p. 92, pls. 70, 89), P 1594, and P 20295. FromBion's workshop:457 and 459. The same may be observed of moldmade kraters:see p. 139. 15 P 10877 (AgoraXXII, no. 189, p. 67, pl. 35).

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date. Four feet of variety 1 were found in the building fill of the Middle Stoa and one on the floor of the Square Peristyle;16thus they come from vessels that were made, broken, and discarded before the end of the first quarterof the 2nd century. 459 has the characteristichandles and West Slope decoration of wheelmade amphorasmade between 175 and 140 (427-429, 431,432); that it was made in a worn mold of the Workshopof Bion suggests it was produced early in that range. It has the more elaborate foot of variety 2. 458, also made in a worn mold, is probably about contemporary with it. The very worn P 8557 (AgoraXXII, no. 407) may date in the second quarter of the 2nd century.

VESSELS FOR POURING AND DIPPING It is easy enough to identify vessels whose function was to pour or dip liquids but less easy to determine which liquids they were intended to pour. The chous was traditionallyassociated with wine, and the elaborately decorated West Slope oinochoe was doubtless a wine pitcher as well. It is also likely that small, nicely made, and well-glazedjuglets were used for wine service. Simpler vessels, like the round-mouthjug and juglet and the dipper,would have been equally appropriate for drawing and dipping water. Their mediocre fabric argues that they were not intended for use at table, although a few of the juglets are well glazed. The metal prototypes of the situla seem to have been used in wine service, but it is possible that the much smaller ceramic versions were put to some different use. In the interest of avoiding an overly complicated organizational scheme, all the above shapes have been grouped together here, although some may have never made their way to the symposium. WESTSLOPE OINOCHOE (460-466; see Graph 5) The West Slope oinochoe is closely relatedto the West Slope amphora in form; it was normally painted, but a plain black version also exists (466). The shape is a rare one, apparentlylimited to Greece; most published examples come either from Attica and nearby or from Macedonia.17 A good parallel in silver, with gilded decoration, comes from the Quarantine Road Tombs at Kerch.18 The origins of the shape are as obscure as those of the West Slope amphora, although derivationfrom earliersilverware is possible.19The earliestpainted examples from the Agora date 16 Fromthe Middle Stoa Building Fill (H-K 12-14): 456, 457, P 1594, P 24810. Fromover the floor of the Square

Peristyle(Q8-9): P 20295. 17 From Attica and Macedonia: Charitonides 1981, A. 296, p. 179, pl. 45:ac and Watzinger 1901, no. 3, p. 68, pl. IV (Athens);Alt-AginaII, i, no. 473, p. 69, pl. 36 and no. 552, p. 74, pl. 41; EretriaII, IV.34-40, p. 59, pls. 19, 38; Drougou 1991, p. 88 (Veroia),p. 117 (Pella), p. 125 (Edessa);AeXr 21, 1966, B' 2 [1968], p. 342, pl. 361:P (Potideia);AeXc 22, 1967, B' 2 [1969], p. 411, pl. 309:a (Barbares,in West Macedonia); Makaronas 1962, p. 82, pl. 76:p (Pella);Andronicos 1961, no. 2, p. 42, figs. 19, 21 (Veroia). For other complete examples see Callaghan 1983a, pp. 31-39, pl. 4 (Knossos); Vogell,nos. 310, 311, p. 35, pl. VI: 20, 36 (both from the Black Sea, the first probably Attic); Hampe 1971, no. 106, pp. 70-71, pl. 70; CVA, Reading 1 [Great Britain 12], pl. 40 [567]:3; CVA,Mainz 2 [Germany 43], p. 74, pl. 37 [2094]:2 (purchased in Athens);and possibly EphesosIX, ii/ii, B 121, pp. 41, 52-53, pl. 56. A related form occurs in Gnathia ware (cf. Green 1976, no. 17, p. 22, pl. 18). 18 Reinach 1892, p. 90, pl. XXXVIII:3. 19 For a similar shape see an early-4th-centuryjug from Pithom, in Egypt (Oliver 1977, no. 8, p. 34) and a later 4th-century jug from Derveni (Treasures of Macedonia,no. 197, p. 64, pl. 26), both derived ultimately from Achmaemenid silver.

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in the early second quarter of the 3rd century; two pieces bear distinctive motifs associated with groups of this date (460 of the EdwardsGroup, 461 of the Dikeras Group),20and an unattributed piece (463) comes from a deposit laid down around 250. A similar shape in household ware is attested slightly earlier, however, with an example in AbschnittI b of the Dipylon Well probably dating before ca. 280;21 possibly the type was being made in fine ware too by this time. An uninventoried fragment2 of a large, black-glazed vessel of this shape was found in fill that was probably deposited within the first quarter of the 3rd century,showing that it was already in production at that time, in black glaze at least. The decoration of severalof the oinochoai suggests a close workshop connection between them, and it is possible that the West Slope oinochoe was introduced at Athens by a single atelier. The West Slope oinochoe is represented by only about ten inventoried pieces, mostly in a very fragmentarystate, but an idea of the shape can be derived from the one complete example at the Agora (460) and from a few published pieces from elsewhere. The body is ovoid, with a high shoulder, and tapers to a relatively small, fine, molded ring foot. The cylindrical neck, set off from the body by a scraped groove, has a flaring rim, usually with a scraped groove below it. A twisted rope handle runs from the shoulderto below the rim, sometimes with pellets flanking the upper handle attachment. Thick glaze is used inside and out. A few examples are quite large (Diam. ca. 16 cm.: 463-465) and could have been used for water, but others are small and of the modern taverna.The form probably held wine for individual drinkers, like the kartoutso of the rim on black-glazed pieces is different (see 466), less flaring, rounded on top, and with a glazed groove below, like some of the household-wareoinochoai of similar shape. There are too few fragmentsto trace a continuous historyof the shape, but isolated pieces can be dated by comparison with West Slope amphoras. Thus the pellets flanking the handle of 464 suggest a date after 250, when these firstappearedon amphoras;and the checkerboard/rectangle on the shoulder, the horizontal rim, the arched handle, and the relief mask at its base suggest for 465 a date after 225. This is the latest example. Probably contemporary with it are two oinochoai from elsewhere in Athens, one of them found with moldmade bowls of the last quarter of the 3rd century.23 CHOUS(OINOCHOE, SHAPE3) (467-493;

see Graph 5)

The chous served the Athenians as their only common large, black-glazed pouring vessel throughout the 5th and 4th centuries. The essential features of the shape are a low, flaring ring foot with plain resting surface and convex underside, a trefoil mouth, a handle triangular in section slightly overhanging the mouth at the top, and an unglazed lower interior. The Classical vessel served also as an unofficial measure. Sparkesand Talcott present a series of large vessels, each holding about a chous, although there were also half sizes and miniatures; they follow its 20 A third piece, Vogell,no. 310, p. 35, pl. VI:20, may also belong to the Dikeras Group.

21 Braun 1970, no.

23, p. 136, pl. 54:4. Cf. also 523-527 and P 18580 (Young 1951b, no. 7:13, p. 123, pl. 52:a). It remained a standard water pitcher throughout the Hellenistic period: cf. H. A. Thompson 1934, A 53-A 55, p. 325, fig. 8, B 39, p. 342, fig. 23, E 127, p. 417, fig. 100; Shear 1933a, p. 453, fig. 2; Vanderpool, McCredie, and Steinberg 1962, no. 40, p. 38, pl. 21; Braun 1970, nos. 90-92, p. 141, pl. 57:4 (Abschnitt II), nos. 108, 109, p. 143, pl. 58:5 (Abschnitt III), nos. 118, 119, p. 145, pl. 59:5 (Abschnitt IV), no. 139, p. 148, pl. 64:6 (AbschnittVI), no. 178, p. 155, pl. 71:5 (Abschnitt VIII). 22 Stored in lot EA 430. 23 Watzinger 1901, no. 3, p. 68, pl. IV and Charitonides 1981, A. 296, p. 179, pl. 45:ar, from pyre A. A small fragment of a West Slope oinochoe occurs in Group C; it was probably old at the time of discard (P 4008 [H. A. Thompson 1934, C 14, p. 350, fig. 33]).

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development practically to the end,24 for in its full size (H. ca. 28 cm.) the chous did not survive long into the Hellenistic period. In view of general chronological revisions in the late 4th and early 3rd century, however, some dates should be revised. The stage represented by AgoraXII, no. 12825seems to have continued into the last quarter of the 4th century,for the closely similar 467 comes from a deposit of that date. AgoraXII, no. 129 (= 468),26 more advanced in its thinner proportions and total glazing (earlier pieces have an unglazed underside), is close in shape to an unglazed chous from Koroni27and must therefore date in the 3rd century. This is the latest chous of standardsize in the Agora; the evidence is that the shape was rarelymade in this size after ca. 300 and was discontinued after ca. 270. Puzzlingly,there is no other large, glazed pouring vessel to replace it, for the West Slope oinochoe was never produced in large numbers. The discontinuationof what had been a standardpouring and measuringvessel perhaps reflectssome change in drinkingor marketingconventions. An intermediate size (H. ca. 23 cm.) is attestedfor the early 3rd century,although it seems not to have survived much longer than the large chous. The contexts of 469 and 470 date them in the first quarterof the 3rd century;470 carriestrue West Slope decoration, present on no large chous, although the shape was the most popular one for gold decoration.28 The latest chous of medium size at the Agora is 471; its context places it around 275, but the stage probablycontinues into the second quarter of the 3rd century, for a closely similar one appears in AbschnittIV of the Dipylon Well.29 The standard Hellenistic chous, known from about twenty-five examples at the Agora, is small (H. 10-16 cm.) but larger than the black miniaturesof the Classical period.30 The earliest instances are three delicately painted choes dating around 325.31 Although some later pieces are nicely decorated (e.g. 473), many are unpainted and hastily made. Most are fully glazed, but dip glazing has left the undersides of some unglazed. The earliest small choes reflect the shapes of the larger ones, but after the latter were discontinued there was much more variation. On choes of the second quarter of the 3rd century the neck is very thin, the body pear shaped. The latest pieces are characterized by a very low maximum diameter and a broad foot (e.g.488, 490). Ribbing, not uncommon on large choes and on earliersmall ones (and alwaysaccompaniedby painted decoration),is found on only two pieces dating after ca. 275 (477, 480). On choes of earlier date the ribs are convex, carefully executed with a semicircle at the top, but these two later pieces may be described more properlyas grooved than ribbed. A slight offset or groove appears on the neck of two choes dating before the end of the 3rd century (478, 479); it is at about the point where ribbing ends on ribbed choes, and the emphasis may have been suggested by the ribbed pots. A more pronounced offset is sometimes present on pots dating within the firsthalf of the 2nd century (e.g. 485) and develops into a double groove on pieces of the second half of the 2nd century and early 1st century (486-488, 490). On 24 AgoraXII, pp. 60-63. 25 AgoraXII, p. 245, pl. 7 (P 12989). 26 AgoraXII, 245, 7.

p. pl. 27 Vanderpool, McCredie, and Steinberg 1962, no. 41, p. 38, pl. 21. The shape is also represented at the Vari farmhouse, dated 325-275 (Jones, Graham, and Sackett 1973, nos. 4, 5, p. 374, fig. 5). 28 Kopcke lists seventy-eight examples (Kopcke 1964, nos. 144-221, pp. 42-46, pls. 30-37); it was also a popular Gnathia shape (Forti 1965, pp. 71-72, figs. 14, 15, pls. I:c, d, II:c,III:b, XXVI:d, f, XXXIV-XXXVII; Green 1976, nos. 6, 13, 23, 30, 34, pp. 20-22, pls. 7, 15, 23, 28, 29). 29 Braun 1970, no. 116, p. 144, pl. 59:1. 30 AgoraXII, nos. 1367-1376, pp. 332-333, pl. 45. 31 P 12816, P 12817, P 3779 (AgoraXII, nos. 134-136, p. 245, pl. 7).

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two of the latest pieces (488, 490) a double groove is also found on the neck. The handle retained its triangularsection throughout most of the 3rd century but in the last quarterof the century was replaced by a plain strap handle (e.g. 481). The shape was made sporadicallydown at least to the Sullan destruction;its survivalinto Roman times is indicated by a chous in Robinson'sGroup G.32 West Slope decoration appears on a few small oinochoai (473, 477-480, 490). Normally this is a garland or a necklace around the neck, a pattern well established in large gold-decorated oinochoai. 491, not certainly an oinochoe, has an ivy garland on the shoulder,below the point of the handle attachment. Ivy also occurs at this point on the approximately contemporary 490, of Large Leaf Group 1. VARIANT (492, 493)

An unusual variant, with trefoil mouth but heavy neck set off from the body, is known in one black and one banded example, as well as in household ware. The date of the fine examples can be pinpointed in the years around 300 on the basis of the now more precise dating of the context of 492, part of the Tholos debris of the early 3rd century. The shape appears to have had a longer life in household ware, however, for examples have been found in deposits from the third quarter of the 4th century down to the early 3rd century.33 see Graph 5) Black lagynoi occur only rarely,as local reflectionsof imported white-ground lagynoi.34 The shape is characterized by a ring foot, sometimes molded or grooved on the exterior, and a fairly straight lower body meeting the sloping upper body abruptly but not at a sharp angle. There are one or two grooves, often scraped and colored with miltos, at the base of the tall, thin, tapering neck and a groove or constrictionbelow the lip. A double-groovedhandle runs from the shoulder to the neck and is attached somewhat below the rim. In two examples (494, 495) pellets or knobs flank the handle attachment, a local innovation adapted perhaps from West Slope oinochoai and amphoras. The glaze is normally of good quality, on 497 covering the inside as well as the exterior. On the whole the shape makes a pleasing decanter, easily corked and producing a satisfyinggurgle when the wine is poured. The earliest piece is 494, with curving profile and broad foot (Diam./Diam. of foot = 1.6);it probably dates early in the 2nd century. A slightly later phase is illustrated by a lagynos from Abschnitt VIII of the Dipylon Well,35with a more angular profile and more arched handle. The is angle more pronounced still on three pieces from well-dated contexts deposited within the second quarter of the 2nd century (495-497). The bases are narrower (Diam./Diam. of foot = 1.9-2.0), which results in a more flaring lower body and a more angular profile. The foot of 498, from a context of the second half of the 2nd century,is smaller still (Diam./Diam. of foot = 2.2), and the whole shape has become more slender. This lagynos, however, is very small and may not reflect the shape of contemporary large pieces, if any existed. No later Attic lagynoi are preserved; possibly increased import of white-ground pieces to Athens sufficientlymet the demand for the shape. LAGYNOS

(494-498;

32 P 11522 (AgoraV, G 90, p. 30, pl. 5).

33 P 13560, P 13562, P 19365 (AgoraXII, nos. 1619-1621, p. 350, pl. 73 [O 18:2 and D 16:1]);Braun 1970, no. 25,

I b. p. 136, pl. 54:4 from Abschnitt 34 For black from other sites see Andreou 1994, p. 202, pl. 149:3 (Leukada);Tsibidou-Auloniti 1994, lagynoi 41 :8 pp. 85-86, pl. (Thessaloniki). Forwhite-ground lagynoi see pp. 226-229. 35 Braun 1970, no. 169, p. 153, pl. 68:2.

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THN NECK(499-501) PITCHER WrTHI Three fragmentsattest to what must have been a rather elegant little West Slope pitcher with a thin neck and trefoil mouth.36 Although it is difficult to estimate from such small fragments, the heights when whole were probablyin the range 20-25 cm. What little remains of the shoulder of 500 is rounded and set off from the neck by a scraped groove. A groove (glazed)is preservedat the base of the neck of 499 as well, so this may have been a regular feature of the shape. The thin neck tapers towards the top, where another scraped groove sets it off from the area of the mouth. Traces of a widely flaringtrefoil mouth remain on 500 and 501. On the latter,the upper attachment of a plain strap handle is preserved, embellished with a moldmade face that looks into the mouth of the pitcher.37 The beard, receding hairline, and thin face suggest a poet or a philosopher,38and one is reminded that 1st-centuryEpicureansare said to have favoredrings and cups embellished with the portraitof the founder of their school.39 From its glaze and decoration 499 is likely to date in the second quarterof the 3rd century. 500 is later,to judge by the glaze, the incision in the design, and the context, and probablydates in the second half of the 3rd century or first quarter of the 2nd. Context places 501 in the 2nd century. OLPE(502-510; see Graph 5) Of the two Classical forms of the black olpe, only the footless variety continued into the Hellenistic period. The uniformity of size noted in Classical examples persisted, and the olpe probably continued to serve as a measuring cup,40 although it was much less common than it had been in the Classical period. Sparkesand Talcott have traced the history of the shape from the 6th to the 4th century.41By the thirdquarterof the 4th century it had developed into a slender pitcher with a flare at the bottom, a fairlythin neck, a plain flaringmouth, and a high straphandle, with glaze on the exterior and on the inside of the mouth only.42 The concave underside of the Classical olpe is usually reserved, although three examples of the third quarter of the 4th century are totally glazed, having been dip glazed from the handle.43 An olpe still of Classical shape was found at the bottom of the Dipylon Well,44suggestingthat this stage continued into the early years of the 3rd century. Signs of change can be detected in the years 325-275, at first as isolated deviations from the Classical pattern. On 502 (last quarter of the 4th century) a foot is defined by a vertical face, although the underside, as is normal earlier, remains unglazed. On 503 (first quarter of the 3rd century) there is no foot, but the underside is deeply concave, and there is a discrete, beveled resting surface. The undersideis glazed, like the undersidesof all subsequentpieces. The form of the lip has also been altered slightly.Although it is not possible to follow the development of the shape step by step, the resultsof these experimentsmay be seen in olpai from deposits laid 36

The following non-Attic pieces give an idea of what the complete vessels might have looked like: Vogell,no. 309, p. 35, pl. VI:40; Watzinger 1924, F 75, p. 67, pl. 50. 37 Moldmade decoration is common in this position on Gnathia oinochoai (Forti 1965, pl. XXVI:d, f; 1636). Cf. also CVA,Stuttgart 1 [Germany 26], pl. 51 [1263]:6, 7 (Apulian);a jug from Knossos (BCH 96, 1972, p. 798, fig. 483 on p. 801); and 1703. 38 Cf. for example portraitsof Zeno (Richter 1965, pp. 186-189, figs. 1084-1105). 39 Cicero, Fin. 5.1.3. 40 AgoraXII, p. 78; AgoraX, pp. 56-57. 41 AgoraXII, pp. 78-79. 42 Cf. P 12692 (AgoraXII, no. 275, p. 255, pl. 13). 43 P 12692 (AgoraXII, no. 275, 255, p. pl. 13 [O 18:2]), P 19989 (D 17:12), P 28807 (J 5:1, VII). 44 Braun 1970, no. 14, p. 135, pl. 54:2 (Abschnitt I b).

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down later in the 3rd century (505-508). These almost always have a foot, their shoulders are higher, the handle has become almost a loop, and the mouth has been pinched in to form a narrow pouring spout. This latter development occurs also in lekythoi, probablyin the second quarterof the 3rd century, and may be contemporary here; a trefoil lip appears on an olpe-like jug from Koroni.45 There is great variety in the shape of the preservedAgora pieces and no contextual evidence to point towardsany development, but a logical sequence would place 504 earlybecause it has a spout, yet retains a Classical shape. Next would be 505, almost a parody of the Classical shape with its extremely narrow foot; a solid lower body compensates to give stability,or short measure. Finally would come 506, where the Classical shape has been abandoned and the foot is more pronounced. Context makes a date in the third quarter of the 3rd century likely for the two smaller pieces, 507 and 508, one with a foot, the other without. The evidence leaves a gap of about 100 years, but the final version of the olpe is illustrated 509 and 510, each of which has a projecting foot with a curved resting surface and nippled by underside, a downwardly tapered body, a high, bulging shoulder, and a wide, spouted mouth. These were found in Sullan cleanup deposits, so probablydate in the late 2nd or early 1stcentury. They apparently represent the last of the shape. BICONICALJuo (511-514; see Graph 5) The biconical jug is a rare shape, known in only five inventoried examples at the Agora. It clearlyimitates metal vessels, and there are a numberof late Hellenistic and early Roman parallels in bronze.46 A few examples are known from other sites,47but the jug was never a popular or widespread ceramic shape. The good glaze inside and out on 511-513 suggests they were table ware, probably wine-pouring vessels, although the small size is problematic. The jugs are footless, their bottoms flat or slightlyconcave. The body is biconical and, except for 511, sharply angular in profile. In the earlier examples (511-513) the point of greatest diameter is well below mid-height; later it is higher (514).48 The flaring rim with upturned lip is typically late Hellenistic and is found also in 2nd-centuryItalian thin-walledwares;49the grooves on the rim of 514 are probably an indication of later date. 511 has a double handle bound by a strip of clay at the arch, dividing and running along the rim at the top. The double handle, out of general use since the early 3rd century, now came back into vogue and was used also on round-mouthjuglets and small jugs with wide mouths. It is tempting to see in this the work of a single shop, for all three of these unusual shapes occur together in Group D in remarkably well glazed examples (511, 512, 520, 552). 511 and 512 may be dated within the third quarterof the 2nd century by context. Group E antequemof ca. 110 for 513, but its poor state of preservationwould suggest that it gives a terminus was old at the time of discard, and it is probably contemporary with the other two. Differences in size, rim, and glazing identify 514 as later; it is closer to a jug from layer IIa of Robinson's 45 Vanderpool,McCredie,and Steinberg1962,no. 8, p. 33, pl. 21. 46 E.g. Arvanitopoulos 1912, pp. 107-108, fig. 10, from a mid-2nd-centurygrave;Richter 1915, no. 512, pp. 194195; Hayes 1984b, no. 118, pp. 74-75 (Italian, mid to late 1st century); Fiumi 1972, p. 91, fig. 50 (Italian, before 150). 47 Delos XXVII, D 230, p. 261, pl. 49; Priene,no. 58, p. 422, fig. 538:5; Pfrommer 1985, no. 51, p. 58, fig. 51 on p. 76 (Miletos);PaphosIII, no. 35, p. 152, fig. LIV; CVA,University of Michigan 1 [USA 3], p. 37, pl. XX [105]:2 (Cyprus);Dray and Taylor 1951, tomb 36, no. 41, p. 63, fig. 39:2 on p. 84, pl. XXV:5 (Cyprus). 48 Cf. also P 22097 (AgoraV, G 88, p. 30, pl. 5). 49 Moevs 1973, Form IV, pp. 59-62, pls. 4, 5, 57, 58. E.g.

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Group G50 than it is to 511-513. The 2nd-century biconicaljugs are quite small; to judge from 514 and the Group G jug, the shape grew larger in the 1st century. SMALLJUG WITHWIDE MOUTH(515-521)

TYPE 1 (515-519) This shape, known from only a few pieces, occurs in both a moldmade and a wheelmade version.51 Often the original shape cannot be determined with certainty, and some pieces classifiedasjugs may in fact be moldmade kantharoi. The decision to place individualpieces here has been made partly on the basis of their small size, partly on the basis of details of shape. These vessels are well glazed inside and out and may have been used for individual wine service. In the moldmade pieces, a shoulder and wide neck were added to a small moldmade hemisphere. Transitional points (the junction of moldmade and wheelmade sections, the base of the neck) are marked by scraped grooves. The widely flaring rim has a molded lip. A double handle, at least sometimes knotted, runs from shoulder to rim. West Slope decoration appears on the shoulder and sometimes on the neck; an ivy garland with incised tendrils was particularly popular as shoulder decoration. In size, shape of neck, and handles and in their generallyexcellent quality these little jugs are similar to the later biconical jug and the small jug with wide mouth of Type 2 and probably served the same purpose. 515 and AgoraXXII, no. 40652 are probably products of Workshop A and the Workshop of Bion, respectively,and thus may be dated between 225 and 175. Because the imbricate design of 515 is an early one, and the piece was made in a fresh mold, it may date toward the beginning of that span. The extremely delicate floral design on the body of 516 speaks for a date in the last quarterof the 3rd century. The pinecone motif of 517 is also an early pattern, but the mold is worn; a small fragment painted by the same hand was found in the Middle Stoa Building Fill, however,and so it may be placed before ca. 180, possibly around 200. No trace of a moldmade body is preservedon 518. The fabric is slightlyuncanonical, and the piece differs from the others in its strap handle. 519 is certainly local but with a more curved shoulder than occurs on the moldmade pieces; glazed groovessubstitutefor moldmade decoration on the lower body. TYPE2 (520, 521)

Two closely similarsmalljugs with wide mouths, flaringrims, and double handles occur in the Agora inventory. They have deep bodies with nearly vertical sides and narrow,sloping shoulders embellished by glazed grooves. The neck is short and wide, on 520 set off by a glazed groove at its base, on 521 running smoothly out of the shoulder. The rim flaresso widely that the upper surface is nearly horizontal; there is a glazed groove on this surface, near the edge. Double handles run from about mid-height to the rim, where they probably divided, as on the round-mouth 50 P 22097

V, G 88, p. 30, pl. 5), one of threeexamplesfromthis context,whichwas discardedin the first (Agora

quarter of the 1st century after Christ. 51 For examples from other sites see ArkX 21, 1966, B' 1 [1968], p. 165, pl. 164:8 (Gialova, in Messenia);BCH 80, 1956, fig. 7 on p. 321 (Samothrace);DdlosXXXI, no. 3535, p. 475, pis. 110, 134 (with double handle);Priene,no. 49, nos. 110, 111, p. 78, pl. 48 (Asia Minor); KymeI, MB 136, p. 74, Privatbesitz, p. 409, fig. 533; Antikenaus rheinischem

fig. 16, pl. 14; Mercando1976, pp. 164, 187, figs. 22, 23 (Ancona);and Levi 1964, p. 256, fig. 18:1 (Olbia;all

but the last moldmade). See also the fragments614-616, 618, 620, 1786-1788, possibly also of this shape. 52 AgoraXXII, p. 92, pis. 69, 89 (P 17864).

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juglets and biconicaljugs. Both examples are coveredwith shiny blackglaze inside and out and are apparentlysmall wine jugs. A silverjug of closely simliarshape was found in Artiukov'skurgan.53 The fact that only two have been found, and that they are similar,suggests that the shape was made for a very short time. Context indicates a date between 145 and 86, and general similarities to other small jugs in Group D suggest that this may be narrowed to ca. 135 (see biconical jugs, round-mouth juglets: pp. 129-130, 132-133). Precedent for the shape may be found in the moldmade wide-mouth jugs dating at least fifty years earlier (e.g. 515). BAGGY ASKOS (522) A small wheelmade jug has been tipped 45 degrees and set on a ring foot to create a baggy askos with trefoil mouth. The shape is known in only one other Attic West Slope example,54 of about the same size and decorated, as is the Agora piece, with a spearhead necklace. There are several household-ware examples, but all are of later date and most lack a foot. 522 can be dated within the span 290-270 on the basis of its context; the appearance of a painted inscription on the other West Slope example also suggestsan early Hellenistic date. This would ('Acppo8&rtn) make these two vessels the earliestrepresentativesof a shape that enjoyed considerablepopularity in the late Hellenistic and early Roman periods in other wares, techniques, and materials.55On a relief altar from Delos56 a man uses vessels of this shape to fill a krater,suggesting that they were appropriate to symposia, as indeed the inscription above affirms. But the fact that the relief is on an altar suggested to Deonna a connection with domestic cult, and it is interesting to note that 522 comes from a pyre. wrTHGLAZEDINTERIOR (523-527; see Graph 5) Eight smalljugs of consistent fabric, design, and size are glazed only on the interior. The most typical form, illustratedby 524-526, has a ring foot, deep lower body, convex or straight neck, plain rim, and a strap handle from the belly to below the rim. Two others (523, 527) differslightly in profile and have raised bases. The fabric of most is somewhat unusual, slightly yellower and more micaceous than the normal range of Attic clay, and white inclusions are present in varying amounts. The glaze ranges in color from black to an orangish brown. This opens the possibility that the pieces are imported, although they have been reported, as far as I know,only from Attica. The shape appears by the end of the 4th century;57the earliest example in the Agora comes from Menon's Cistern (523) and thus dates before ca. 275. Twojugs (see 524) from contexts of the first half of the 3rd century are nearly identical with it but have a ring foot instead of a raised base. Both have strongly nippled undersides and a graceful transition from the lower body to a slightly concave neck with outturned rim. These are delicate pieces, with a wall thickness of under 0.3 cm. near the top. A subsequent stage of development, to be dated in the later 3rd SMALLJUG

53 Maximova 1979, no. 6, pp. 81-84, fig. 26. 54 Watzinger 1901, no. 23, pp. 77-78. Cf. also an example in faience from the Hadra cemetery in Alexandria (Breccia 1933, pp. 19-20, pl. VI:23, 23a). 55 E.g., in bronze: Radn6ti 1938, pp. 144-145, pls. XIII:70, LII:1; Maiuri 1929, p. 402, fig. 27 and Spinazzola 1928, p. xxxvi, pl. 277 (Pompeii); AA [JdI 15] 1900, no. 11, p. 185, fig. 11 (Boscoreale). In glass: Spinazzola 1928, p. xxxiv, pl. 228. In lead and bronze: Dtlos XVIII, p. 340, pl. XCVI:845-848. In late Hellenistic gilded and polychrome relief ware from Memphis(?):Pagenstecher 1913, pp. 76-78, figs. 89-91; Adriani 1966, pp. 31-34. In green-glazed ware: Bailey 1972, no. 61.7-24.11, pp. 8-9, pl. 3:a and referencescited there.

56 DelosXVIII,p. 340, pl. CX:972.

57 One formed part of a pyre that lay under the floor of the third phase of Building Z in the Kerameikos, thus well before the end of the century. For these pyres see Knigge and Kovacsovics 1981, pp. 388-389. dating

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and early 2nd century, is illustratedby 525 and the larger 526. The transition from the body to the neck is less graceful, the neck is a tapering cylinder, the rim is not outturned but flat on top and beveled toward the inside, and the fabric is harder. 527 has a slightly different shape: raised base, ungainly profile with an awkwardtransition from body to neck, and a broad shallow groove below the rim. On the neck are traces of what appears to be an ivy garland, similar perhaps to those on larger trefoil oinochoai of household fabric.58 The context suggests a date in the second quarterof the 3rd century. ROUND-MOTTH JUG(528-532; see Graph 5)

The round-mouthjug appearsto be an Attic specialty,and even in Athens it is rare,with only six catalogued examples at the Agora.59 The body is ovoid, with the point of greatest diameter above half height. The low, flaring rim is usually set off from the body by a scraped groove. The strap handle, normally broad and thin in section, runs from lip to upper shoulder, rising only slightly above the rim. The flaring ring foot has a plain resting surface, glazed except in the earliest example (528), and the jugs are glazed inside and out. The configuration of the handle makes the jugs awkwardfor pouring but well suited to drawing water, which was perhaps their function. They might also have served as measures; two pieces hold about half a chous (529, 531). The shape exists in a variety of sizes (see below), which lends credibility to this suggestion. The context of 528 places it at the head of the series, in the 3rd century. It differs from the others in the careful treatmentof the rim, the thickerhandle, and the reservedresting surface, all featuresthat may indicate an earlydate. At the other end of the chronological span stands532, from a post-Sullan context. The globular body is like that of late Hellenistic juglets (e.g. 550, 551). The narrow mouth is also a late feature, in contrast to the wider mouths of 528 and 529.

(533-555; see Graph5) ROUND-MOUTHJUGLET These small jugs are similar to Classical and early Hellenistic household- and cooking-ware chytridia in their globular profiles and wide mouths.60 The bottom, however, is flat rather than rounded, the handle rises high above the rim, and the juglets are usually totally glazed, inside and out. Unlike plain chytridia, which functioned primarily as pyre votives, they seem to have been utilitarian objects, and some are even rather elegant, replacing the plain handle with a double one. The juglets are also considerablylater in date than the chytridia,and the two shapes do not seem to have overlappedchronologically.That they are smallerversions of the large round-mouth jug is suggested by the scraped groove at the base of the neck on some examples (533, 552-554). They are found elsewhere but are not common except in Athens.61 The Agora examples fall into two main groups by size: medium (H. ca. 8-10 cm.) and small (H. ca. 4-6 cm.), with a few in between. The four pieces of medium size are a varied group. Two (cf. 533) are more carefully finished, with disk foot and scraped groove at the base of the neck. The handles are not preserved but could have been double, although such handles were 58 Cf. P 19727, P 2881, P 13454 (AgoraXII, nos. 1625, 1626, 1628, p. 351, pl. 74). 59 In addition to the catalogued examples, P 20437 (D 17:4, middle fill). Another was found in the Dipylon Well (Braun 1970, no. 168, p. 153, pl. 68:2). 60 Metzger in fact calls them chytrai (I. R. Metzger 1973, pp. 80-81). 61 Other Attic examples are Braun 1970, no. 210, p. 161, pl. 77:1; Schlorb-Vierneisel 1966, no. 201:4, p. 110, pl. 61:8; I. R. Metzger 1973, nos. 55-60, pp. 53-55, fig. 4, pl. 10. Similar juglets occur at Mycenae (Rudolph 1978, nos. 44, 45, p. 221, fig. 10, pl. 30); at Corinth (Corinth VII, iii, no. 280, p. 56, pls. 10, 49); at Priene (Prene, nos. 65, 66, p. 422, fig. 538:4, 7); and in Cyprus (SwCyprusExp IV, iii, p. 60, fig. 23:15, and p. 65, fig. 28:1).

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usually reserved for very small jugs. The contexts and states of preservation suggest a date in the third quarter of the 2nd century. The other two pieces (534, 535), with flat bottoms, are dated by context in the second quarter of the 2nd century and the late 2nd or early 1st century. Twenty-one juglets measuring between 4 and 6 cm. in height (and three more only slightly larger)show that this was the preferredsize for this shape. The bottom is flat or slightly concave, normally glazed. Sometimes there is a groove around the edge of the resting surface or a raised disk foot. The rim flares or angles out from the body and occasionally is marked off from the body by a groove (e.g. 541, 542). The strap handle rises well above the rim, making the shape convenient for dipping and pouring, although one (540) was used as a paint pot. The juglets might also have served as informal household measuring cups, although capacities show no pattern. The main series dates in the 2nd and 1st centuries,but two pieces are probablyearlier. 536 is larger than most, unglazed inside and underneath, with a handle probably round in section. It was found in a 5th-century context but seems to be without Classical parallels. The treatment of the underside places it no later than the end of the 4th century, if indeed it is intrusive in its context. The only certainly 3rd-centurypiece (537) is incomplete and also larger than most later examples. A continuous series ofjuglets of fairly uniform size begins in the first half of the 2nd century, but the juglet is primarily a late Hellenistic phenomenon. Only three examples have been inventoried in the many deposits laid down in the course of the first quarter of the 2nd century (e.g. 538).62 Production increased in the second quarter of the century, with ten examples reported.63 Mostjuglets, however,were found in associationwith long-petal bowls and may therefore be dated after about the middle of the century; possibly they replaced the dipper (see below), which is attested mainly in the first half of the 2nd century. The shape survived the Sullan sack of Athens, and examples have been found not only in post-Sullan cleanup dumps (e.g. 547) but also in Roman contexts.64Little chronologicalhelp is to be derived from the profile, which varies from pear shaped to fig shaped to spherical. One may note, however,that spherical examples do not occur in contexts discarded before the early 1st century. Dates given in the Catalogue are based mainly on context, and it should be remembered that a small, solid juglet of this sort might have had considerable survivalability. On six small jugs the plain handle is replaced by a double one that splits and runs along the rim at the top (e.g. 552-555). Most are more carefullymade than the plain-handledjugs, and a scraped groove at the base of the rim and a disk base are regularfeatures. They are documented for a limited span, from the middle of the 2nd century to the early 1st century. The earliest, 552 from Group D, is pear shaped, but the others are flattened spheres, like many other late Hellenistic plain-handled juglets. The group is a uniform one, except for 555, different in its profile and in the configurationof its handle; it could be an import. DIPPER(556-568; see Graph 5)

The loop-handled dipper was fairly common in 2nd-century Athens, but the shape is rarely attested elsewhere.65 It is a low, wide cup, between 3 and 5 cm. in height, with the greatest 62 Also uninventoried fragmentsfrom P 21:4. 63 P 2392 (H. A. Thompson 1934, C 8, pp. 348-349, fig. 29) and uninventoried fragments from N 20:7, G 5:3, M-N 15:1, and P-R 6-12. 64 In Roman contexts: P 10795, P 14821, P 16198, P 19920, P 21673, P 28923. 65 Fifteen have been inventoried in the Agora, and five from the Peiraieus Cistern have been published (I. R. Metzger 1973, nos. 68-72, p. 56, fig. 4, pl. 10). The shape is also known at Corinth (Corinth VII, iii, nos. 191-193, pp. 47-48, pls. 8, 48; the Agora evidence does not support Edwards' conjecture of an early Hellenistic date for

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diameter usually below half height. The underside may be flat or slightly concave, meeting the wall at a sharp angle, or it may be surrounded by a glazed groove and curve gently into the wall. On one dipper the bottom is recessed (560), and a single example (568) has an angular profile. A strap handle is attached at the rim, looping up high above it, and there is usually a groove below the rim. The fact that the resting surfacesare seldom worn suggests that the vessels were usually stored hanging by their handles and were rarelyset down on the table. This supports G. R. Edwards' identificationof the shape as a dipper. No complete example may be dated before ca. 200, but two fragmentswere found in the lower fill of the Satyr Cistern (N 21:4), which was probablydeposited around 215; a one-handled cup of slightly different profile (556) from a deposit of the second half of the 3rd century is probably a forerunner. The shape is most common in deposits of the first half of the 2nd century. Only a few have come to light in Sullan or post-Sullan deposits, and the shape may not have survived beyond the end of the 2nd century. Possiblyits function was taken over by the small round-mouth juglet that began to be produced in larger numbers in the second half of the 2nd century (see above). Little can be said of the development of this simple shape, but the evidence of the contexts provides some rules of thumb. An ungrooved rim and underside were commoner in the first quarterof the 2nd century than later,and the latest examples, perhaps dating in the second half of the 2nd century,have a smaller base in proportion to their diameter. SHELLDIPPER(569)

The unique 569 was apparentlya novelty item, a shallow dipper or scoop with a loop handle, pinched in at one side to resemble a cockleshell. There are no close parallels, although shellshaped dishes are known in late Hellenistic and early Roman silver,66and Dioskorides 1.32-33 attests the use of a Vuoac,or mussel shell, as a spoon or ladle in the preparation of various oils. SITULA (570-578; see Graph 5) The Greeks used bronze and silver situlae as mixing and pouring vessels,67but the shape is rare in fine ceramics. A utilitarianversion was introducedin the 2nd century as a water carrier and maintained its popularity into the Roman period.68 It is very unusual, however, to find glazed examples in the Greekworld, although the situla exists in severalforms in the black-glazed ceramics of Italy.69 theshape).It is alsofoundatOlympia(Schauer andonLemnos(Massa1992,nos.625,626, 1994,p. 181,pl. 117:Q)

p. 214, pl. 122), an island with a strongly atticizing ceramic tradition. John Hayes (personal communication, Feb. 1989) reports numerous examples at Paphos (e.g., PaphosIII, no. 12, p. 100, fig. XLI; nos. 44-46, p. 159, fig. LVI).Cf. also small moldmade bowls with dipper handles from Delos (Courby 1922, p. 330, fig. 62:V; DelosXXXI, nos. 1965, 4939, pp. 417, 451, pls. 98, 104, 134); no. 4939, with long-petal decoration, probably dates to the mid-2nd century or later. 66 Oliver 1977, no. 62, p. 105; Richter 1915, no. 605, p. 219; Pernice 1900, no. 12, pp. 185-187, fig. 12. Cf. also plain-ware ladles from Knossos, similar in shape but with different handles (Homann-Wedeking 1950, no. 3, p. 183, fig. 23:C). 67 Several have come to light in Macedonian tombs of the 4th century and early Hellenistic period: e.g., AeXr 18, 1963, B' 2 [1965], p. 194, pl. 227:8 (Derveni, Grave ,3);Andronicos 1984, p. 146, fig. 104 (Vergina, Tomb II), no. 107, p. 156, pl. 17 (Arzos);Bothmer 1984, no. 74, pp. 210-211, figs. 176, 177 (Tomb III); TheSearchforAlexander, pp. 46-47 (Prusias). 68 Often called basket-handled water jars (AgoraXII, p. 203). For a late Hellenistic example see DelosXXVII, D 198, p. 257, pl. 47. For Roman examples see AgoraV, G 106, p. 33, pl. 6;J 44, J 45, p. 55, pl. 10; L 7, p. 75, pl. 16; M 44, p. 88, pl. 20; M 88, M 89, p. 92, pl. 22; M 198, p. 102, pl. 26. 69 Morel 1981, Series 6511-6531, pp. 398-399, pls. 197-199.

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The few that have been found at the Agora have a ring foot or raised base and a deep body, sometimes slightly contracted at the top. The rim may be outwardly thickened or outturned, with grooving below it on the exterior. Most are decorated in West Slope technique. They fall into two groups, early and late Hellenistic, with little to link the two. 570, as well as two contemporary miniatures (1370, 1371), are similar in proportions to the 4th-century bronze and silver situlae; contexts place them in the 3rd century. Most of the later Hellenistic situlae (571-576) are broader and largerin capacity but similarin shape to earlierexamples. The foot is more substantial, sometimes sloppily molded (573, 574). West Slope decoration consisting of a large bead and reel or a series of dots is normally found below the rim, and some decorated examples may be attributed to the Large Leaf Groups. Contexts place these pieces in the late 2nd and 1st centuries. Two unusual situlae (577, 578) have a globular or baggy body and a vertical rim; both date in the 2nd century. The Agora situlae are too small to have been used as wine vessels (H. 4.5-9.0 cm.). The largestof them could have served to draw a small drinkof water from a well or cistern, and several were found in period-of-use deposits. There is also, however,the possibilityof cult significance,at least for the late Hellenistic group. The situla was closely associated with the worship of Isis and appears time and time again in the hands of her functionariesand initiates. It was an important cult vessel, used perhaps for ersatz "Nile water" or for libations of milk or water.70 Its use in Athens is illustratedby a series of grave stelae ranging in date from the last third of the 1stcentury B.C. to the 4th century after Christ. These representwomen in Isaic dress, holding a small situla in one hand and a sistrum in the other.71 The situlae shown there are different in shape from the ceramic ones: they have a rounded, nippled bottom and could not have stood without a support. But those vessels were probablymetal or glass, materialsmore easily shaped into such a form. The revival of the ceramic situla in the late Hellenistic period coincides with an increase in interest in the cult of the Egyptian gods in the second half of the 2nd century. In addition, their West Slope decoration links them to a group of reversiblelids, some of which bear the unmistakable symbols of the goddess (see pp. 194-196). It is thereforepossible that these small situlae were used in the cult of Isis or served as symbols or mementos of initiation. A symbolic value would also help to explain the three miniatures (1370-1372).

SERVING VESSELS KRATER

(579-608;

see Graph 5)

Few kraters have survived the centuries intact, suggesting that this was a rare shape in the Hellenistic pottery assemblage.72The Hellenistic Athenian potter produced at least four varieties of fine-ware bowls suitable for the mixing and serving of wine; parts of about 70 examples have been inventoried at the Agora. This is not, however, a very large collection in comparison to the black- and red-figured kraters of preceding centuries, and one may ask what replaced the fine ceramic mixing bowls that were the focus of Classical symposia. Their function was filled in 70 Forcultuseof thesitulasee

DarSagIV,ii, pp. 1359-1360,s.v.Situla;Witt1971,pp.55, 61, 71;andWalters

1988,p. 24. 71 Walters 1988,passim,witha discussionof the situlaon pp. 21-25. 72

Specifically noted at Corinth (Corinth VII, iii, p. 45) but clear also from many other publications.

6. OTHERVESSELSFOR WINESERVICE

136

part by plain-ware shapes73and by metal kraters,74but the lacuna in the ceramic corpus suggests changes in sympotic customs (see pp. 14-15). CALYX-KRATER

(579)

579 comes from the upper part of the lower wall of an elegant ribbed calyx-krater,a shape still clearly within the Classical tradition of gold-decorated pottery and which probably did not survive the 4th century. It is very similar, both in shape and painted detail, to a krater found in a tomb at Teano and generally taken to be Attic,75although the ribbed form was more at home in Italy than in the Greek world.76 BELL-KRATER (580)

The bell-krateralso has a Classicalpedigree and was occasionallyproduced in gold-decorated and black-glazedware.77 Unlike the calyx-krater,this shape continued to be manufacturedin the Hellenistic period, although only a few scattered examples have been published.78 Only one certain Hellenistic piece has been inventoriedat the Agora, datable by its context and decoration to the last quarter of the 3rd century. BOLSTER-KRATER

(581-589)

These broad, deep bowls are characterized by spool or bolster handles, often with plastic attachments below; the form of the handle suggests strongly that the shape, which occurs also elsewhere, derives from metalware.79 The bead and reel of the rim, in one case painted illusionistically(586), also reflects the detailing of broad, shallow metal bowls like that depicted on the famous dove mosaic from the Villa of Hadrian,80and it is probably this metal shape that the potters sought to replicate. There is a projecting rim, which may overhang on the interior as well. The foot, a high and elaborately molded ring, is preserved on only one example (587). Five more feet (596-600) may come from this shape, but this form of foot is found also on the closely allied lug-handled krater(see below). Only two pieces (582, 587) are substantiallywhole; 73

E.g. glaze-decorated kraters(Braun 1970, nos. 208, 209, p. 161, pl. 76:1, 2) and lekanai (Braun 1970, nos. 151, 152, 189, pp. 151, 157-158, fig. 28, pls. 66:2, 72:6). 74 E.g. AeXk 18, 1963, B' 2 [1965], pp. 194-196, pls. 224:a, 230-234 (volute-kratersfrom Derveni); Pernice 1925, pp. 9-10, fig. 9 (volute-krater),pp. 37-42, figs. 47-52, pls. XI, XII, XIV (calyx-kraters). 75 Kopcke 1964, no. 55, p. 33, pl. 20:1. 76 There are no ribbed calyx-kraters,for instance, among the many examples excavated in tombs at Kaunos (Roos 1974). Forribbed calyx-kratersfrom Italy see Pernice 1925, p. 39, pl. XIII (Gnathiaware);Morel 1981, Type 4632a, p. 323, pl. 141 (fromVolterra). 77 Kopcke 1964, no. 118, pp. 39-40, pl. 25; P 6928 (AgoraXII, no. 61, p. 240, pl. 3). 78 For the shape in other fabrics see Callaghan 198la, no. 35, p. 49, fig. 7, pl. 3:d; Morel 1981, Types 461 la, 461 lb, p. 322, pl. 138. See also the series of Corinthian bell-kraterscollected by Ian McPhee, which date in the last three-quartersof the 4th century (McPhee 1997.). 79 Convincingly demonstratedby Mitsopoulou-Leon(1977, with examples from Ephesos compared with a bronze prototype). See Pernice 1925, p. 16, fig. 23, pl. III for another bronze example. For other Hellenistic ceramic VII, iii, nos. 188, 189, p. 46, pls. 7, 47. examples see EphesosIX, ii/ii, B 106-B 113, pp. 40, 51-52, pls. 50-55; Corinth For the Gnathia version see Forti 1965, pls. XV:a, top right, XXIII:a, b, XXXI:d and Morel 1981, Series 4731, p. 328, pl. 144. 80 For the mosaic see Charbonneaux, Martin, and Villard 1973, pp. 156-157, fig. 158. A krater of this type also appears as a stamp on a moldmade bowl (Kraus 1951, no. 6, p. 7, fig. 2:1, pl. 2:3).

SERVINGVESSELS

137

beyond this there are seven inventoriedhandles and three rim fragments. Most are from vesselsof considerablesize (Diam. 28-35 cm.), and one handle fragment(585) comes from a bowl ca.60 cm. in diameter,but some come from smaller bowls with thinner walls (584, 589; Diam. ca. 24 cm.). The bolster-krateris exclusively a West Slope shape, with painted decoration on the upper on of the the handle. On the body are spearhead necklaces, a body, on the upper surface rosettes and wheat, grapevines, lattice, and checkerboards and rectangles. The thymiaterion, rim is usually decorated with a bead and reel or pseudo bead and reel. The earliestsubstantiallycomplete example (582) dates in the third quarterof the 3rd century. It has an unusually broad rim, similar to the rims of lug-handled kraters, and its plain bolster handle lacks the relief attachmentbelow that was to become a normal feature of the shape. 581 is similarin profile but possibly slightlyearlier,for its painted decoration includes an unusualrosette very close to one on an early West Slope amphora (413). All the other bolster-kratershave narrower,thicker rims. Four may be grouped together by handle type (see 583-585), plain bolstersthat have been verticallypierced, probablyfor firing. On two (583, 584) plastic attachments are preservedbelow the bolster,positioned under the handle within a zone delimited by a painted line; enough is preserved to show that the arrangement was the same on the two other pieces. Two of these attachments, showing a bearded man, possibly Herakles with a lion-skin helmet, come from the same mold (see 583). Their contexts and fragmentarystate of preservationsuggest a date in the last quarter of the 3rd century. On 587 the bolster is more elaborate, embellished with three deep grooves at the center and two at either end. A plastic loop appears in the place of the painted swag below the handle, and within it is a comic mask in relief. This piece and uncatalogued fragmentsvery similar to it probably date in the first quarter of the 2nd century. Another handle (588) is similar but has only a single groove at the center and ends and lacks the plastic attachment below. Since no handles are preserved on 586 and 589, and the bowls differ in some details from other examples, their identification as bolster-kratersis uncertain. The inwardly sloping rim of 586 is unusual, as is the concave surface of the rim of 589 and its small size. Contexts indicate that the bolster-kraterwas made for a relativelyshort period of time. Most, as well as the possibly related feet 596-600, come from deposits discarded between ca. 225 and 175; for only two does decoration or context argue an earlier date (581, 582). This suggests that the shape may have been introduced around the middle of the 3rd century and had its greatest popularityduring the twenty-fiveyears on either side of the end of the century. The bolster-krater was probably out of production by 175 or possibly even earlier,replaced, at least in part, by the moldmade krater. LUG-HANDLED KRATER (590-595)

This shape, representedby at least eight inventoriedpieces, is characterizedby an overhanging rim with a lug handle placed slightly below it. The handles are longitudinally curved, forming a shallow,inverted U, and usuallyslope down slightly;the outer edge is rolled back to form a ridge, and the top surface may be latitudinally flat or concave. The rim meets the interior wall at an angle and projects to the outside, sometimes curving down strongly. The body is normally an elongated hemisphere, sometimes slightlycontracted below the rim, although 590 is broader and shallower. There is an enormous range in size: from ca. 27.5 to 75.0 cm. in diameter. The only two complete examples have differenttypes of feet: a broad-basedring on 590, an elaborate high

138

6. OTHERVESSELSFORWINESERVICE

molded foot like that of the bolster-krateron 591. The latter was probably the normal foot of the shape. At Athens this is strictly a black-glazed shape, but elsewhere it is almost always decorated in West Slope technique.81A particularlyfine series of fragmentsis known from Pergamon,82and Pergameneimportsas well as local versions have been found on many other sites as well.83 Mixing bowls, as the centerpieces of symposia, are usuallydecorated. Although these black-glazedkraters could have served that purpose, they may have been put primarilyto some other use. What this may have been is suggested by the dipinto on 600, part of a molded foot that probably comes from a lug-handled krater. This has been restored by Mabel Lang as [trep]axouv. Since the fragment was found in the fill over the floor of the Square Peristyle (Q 8-9), which probably served as a lawcourt, she has suggested that the associatedvessel was used to collect outflow from a water clock.84 This suggestion is strengthened by the presence of two additional fragments from the same fill (see 599) and by the observation that the life span of the shape approximately coincides with that of the lawcourtbuilding, erected around 300 and dismantled a century later.85 It is interesting also that 591 holds almost exactly one chous and that some of the smaller pieces have rather uniform inner diameters. The unusual stamp on the rim of 595 might have been a guarantee of capacity. This is not to say, however,that the vessels did not also serve as kraters; several have been found in household debris, far from the venue of any known public activity. The earliest complete example of canonical shape (591) may be dated by context in the third quarter of the 3rd century, and an unworn foot (596), possibly associated with the shape, was found in a deposit laid down around 220. An earlier stage of experimentation and development can be seen in 590, which has lug handles but a broad-basedring foot presumably derived from the deep bowl with projecting rim (see below, pp. 167-168), which was already being made by ca. 275. In addition, a few uninventoried fragments of rims and one foot probably to be assigned to this shape have been found in deposits of the first quarter and the first third of the century.86 This suggests that the shape had begun to be developed in the first half of the 3rd century,although its canonical form was perhaps not achieved until the third quarter. Although pieces have been found in deposits of the second quarter of the 2nd century, their fragmentary state and the normally long life span of large bowls suggest that they were old at the time of discard. It therefore seems likely that these kraters did not survive long into the 2nd century, if at all. If, as conjectured above, the shape served a special function in the Square Peristyle, possibly it was discontinuedwhen the buildingwent out of use in the late 3rd or early 2nd century. 81

An exception is TarsusI, no. 87, p. 217, figs. 123, 182 in black glaze. 82 PF II, D 33-D 51, pp. 48-49, 60-61, pls. 13, 14; AvP I, ii, p. 273, Beiblatt 36:5, 37:1, 38:1, 4; AvP IX, 119-120, 57:c:5, h, i, 1;AvP XI, i, no. 191, p. 130, pl. 44. pp. pl. 83 Eretria II, IV:63, p. 61, pls. 15, 39; Mitsopoulou-Leon 1972-1975, p. 499, fig. 2:G (Elis);Brock and Young E.g., no. 1949, 1, p. 61, pl. 21:34 (Siphnos);AtThasVII, no. 43, p. 136, pl. LXII; SamosXIV, pp. 154-155, figs. 246:H, 249:A-C, 250:A, B; Buchholz 1975, E 89, E 90, p. 107, pls. 20:f, 22:c (Methymna);Anderson 1954, no. 253, p. 154, pl. 11:c (Chios); Patsiada 1990, nos. 109-124, pp. 175-178, fig. 21, pls. 66, 67 (Rhodes);Mitsopoulou-Leon 1978, p. 116, pl. 43:21 (Ephesos);EphesosIX, ii/ii, B 104, B 105, pp. 39-40, 51, pls. 49, 50; H. Schmidt 1902, no. 3973, p. 195 (Troy);Kossatz 1985, no. 31, p. 192, fig. 25 (Be?ik-Tepe);PaphosIII, no. 29, p. 115, fig. IV:2; MirmekiIII, pp. 80-81, figs. 72, 73; AA [JdI 25] 1910, no. 6, col. 210, figs. 9, 10 (Kerch);SamariaIII, no. 7, p. 233, fig. 43:7, nos. 9, 10, p. 244, fig. 47:9, 10; Pagenstecher 1913, no. 24, p. 30, fig. 34:24 (Alexandria). 84 AgoraXXI, p. 60, under Ha 13. 85 AgoraXXVII, pp. 90, 103-104. 86 Two rim fragments in Q 10:1 (lot EA 430), three in R 13:9 (lots PP 591-598), and a foot in the lower fill of

B 13:8(lotIIO 347).

SERVINGVESSELS

139

The possibly related feet (596-600) come from contexts laid down between 225 and 180 and are thus consistent with this dating. MOLDMADEKRATER (601-608)

The role played earlierby wheelmade kraterswas taken over by moldmade vessels during the last quarter of the 3rd and the first quarterof the 2nd century. These were produced by adding a wheelmade foot and rim and two horizontal, upturned rope handles to a moldmade hemisphere. No complete examples have been found at the Agora,87but five inventoried fragments preserve much of the profile; to these may be added four rims, four feet, and four wall fragments that, among them, provide a good portraitof the shape. The rim flareswidely and has an overhanging molded lip with a scraped groove on the interior. The foot is a looser version of the foot of the bolster-krateror lug-handled krater(e.g. 587, 591): molded and spreading, sometimes with a scraped groove between the moldings, and a broad, low stem. The vessels are modest in size; although the diameter of the spreading rim may be fairly impressive, the diameter of the hemispherical body does not exceed ca. 23 cm. Most of the kratersare covered with a thick, metallic glaze, and scraped grooves are regularly painted with miltos, enhancing a similarityto metal vessels. In addition, West Slope decoration was applied to both the interior and the exterior. At the center of the floor, within a scraped groove, is a star medallion like that common on the floors of hemispherical and conical cups, while the inside and outside of the rim are painted with conventional motifs. 604, recognizable as Attic from the relief decoration, is of special technical interest for its gray fabric and glaze, which illustrate an extreme for the color range of Attic ceramics. It is also interesting that, contrary to normal documented procedure, the miltos has been applied over the glaze in a line above the moldmade body and in the groove inside the rim. The relaxed profile of the feet (e.g. 607, 608) suggests that these vessels are somewhat later than the related kraterfeet mentioned above (596-600), placing them in the 2nd century. Two kraters(e.g. 601) are covered with pinecone scales and may date before ca. 200, when that pattern was particularlypopular in Athens.88 The others are all figured; one can be attributed to the Workshopof Bion, and several others are products of WorkshopA,89 shops whose main activity was between ca. 225 and 175. The long-petal motif, introducedaround the middle of the century, is not present, and there is no evidence for the production of the shape after ca. 150.90 In fact, most of the Agora pieces come from deposits laid down before ca. 175. Thus they replaced the wheelmade kraters mentioned above, beginning in the last quarter of the 3rd century, but themselves enjoyed a rather short life span. 87 For completeexamplessee DelosXXXI, no. 6000, p. 66, pls. 14, 131, no. 6201, p. 100,pls. 22, 131, no. 6005, p. 101, pl. 23, no. 6002, pp. 467-468, pls. 108, 134, no. 6082, pp. 479-480, pls. 111, 134; Keramopoullos1932, no. 33, p. 124, fig. 79:1 on p. 122. ForotherAtticpiecessee P 1495 (Agora XXII, no. 408, p. 92, pls. 71, 90, 91); Watzinger1901, no. 16, pp. 73-74. Largemoldmadebowlswith appliquefeet also servedas kratersat Corinth VII, iii, nos. 873-897, pp. 171-175,pls. 38, 76, 77; Siebert1978,An 6, An 7, p. 364, pl. 41; C. M. Edwards (Corinth 1986,pp. 393, 403-405). 88 Forthe pineconemotifin Athenssee Agora XXII, p. 16. 89 Forthe workshopssee AgoraXXII, pp. 26-29. Kraterscertainlyfrom WorkshopA are 603, P 1495 (AgoraXXII,

no. 408, p. 92, pls. 71, 90, 91), and P 23641;probablyfromWorkshopA are 602, P 19449,P 21042, and P 22499. P 24809 is fromthe Workshopof Bion.

90 Forthe dateof the introduction of the long-petal motifin Athens,seeAgora XXII,pp. 35-36; Grace1985, pp.21-24;Rotroff1988a;Rotroff1983,pp.274-275,note67.

140 LEBES

6. OTHER VESSELS FOR WINE SERVICE

(609, 610)

The lebes, a bowl with rounded bottom, echinus profile, and low, vertical rim, was often used, like the krater,for mixing and servingwine.91 There are three examples from Hellenistic contexts, one probably unglazed (P 7390),92the other two glazed on the inside, with two horizontal bands outside at about the point of greatest diameter (609, 610). The fabric is thin and fairly hard; it is within the normal range of color but is more micaceous than is usual for Attic pottery. 609 and P 7390, similar in their gently rounded bottoms, were dated by Sparkesand Talcott between 320 and 300.93 A reassessmentof the dates of their contexts brings the date down at least to the first quarter of the 3rd century. Further development can be seen in 610, which has a more pointed bottom. Its context suggests a date of 250-210. OTHER MOLDMADE VESSELS FOR WINE SERVICE (611-622) A series of small fragmentsbears witness to other shapes that, like the moldmade amphoras and kraters,were built on a moldmade hemisphere. In no case is it possible to reconstructa complete profile, but the relief decoration implies that this was fine table ware, and most pieces probably come from either drinkingcups or jugs. Three fragments(611-613) come from long-petal bowls set on stems with flaringfeet; the feet and stems are similarto those on moldmade kraters,but the vessels are smaller. They were almost certainly open, for inside and outside have fired the same color. Probablythey served as drinking cups, possibly with two vertical handles (see Ill. 2), like examples known from Delos, Asia Minor, and the northern coast of the Black Sea;94 but a vessel of similar size from Delos is equipped with horizontal handles and a broadly flaring,molded rim and seems to be a small krater.95The rims may have been plain or flaring,like those of the Delian and South Russian cups; but possibly these feet should be associated with a series of fragments with a rounded, wheelmade shoulder that turns out sharply at the top (eg. 614, 615). On these pieces the moldmade decoration is of long-petal design and the shoulder often painted with a garland in West Slope technique, like the shoulders of small jugs with wide mouths. 616 may be associated with these, but no trace of the rim survives,and the fragment may come instead from a jug; a trace of a handle, probably round in section, is preserved, and the fact that the inside and outside have fired differentcolors also suggeststhat it comes from a closed shape. A larger and more complete piece (617) is slightly differentin shape; here the wall does not turn out sharply above the shoulder but flares out more gently to a molded lip. The other fragmentsare too small for reconstruction. Contrastin the glaze color of the insides and outsides of 618-620 suggests they come from closed shapes. All three had strap handles and were probablyjugs of various sizes. The very high, vertical shoulder of 621 is surprising. 91 Richter and Milne

1935, pp. 9-10. AgoraXII, no. 86, p. 242, pl. 4. 93 AgoraXII, p. 242. 94 Zahn 1908, nos. 30, 31, p. 68, figs. 30:a-c, 31:a, b; CVA,Kassel 2 [Germany 38], pp. 63-64, fig. 39, pl. 87 [1887]:3, 4 = Zahn 1908, no. 30; Vogell,no. 253, p. 27, pl. 7:1 and no. 374, p. 41, fig. 18:d (all from the Black Sea); Courby 1922, p. 331, fig. 62:VIII (Delos); Langlotz 1932, no. 911, p. 162, pl. 252 (Laodikeia,in Lycia). Silver offers some parallels for footed relief bowls but none very similar to our examples, and all very late: Oliver 1977, nos. 77, 80, 83, 96, and 97, all dating in the 1st century after Christ. 95 Dilos XXXI, no. 6002, pp. 467-468, pls. 108, 134. 92

OTHER MOLDMADE VESSELS FOR WINE SERVICE

ILL.

141

2. Reconstruction of moldmade kantharos

622, unglazed inside, must come from a closed vessel, but the shape is not consistentwith the only known entirely closed moldmade shape, the filter jug (see 1191), and the extreme thinness of the wall is puzzling. A few of these pieces can be dated relativelyearly on the basis of decoration and context. 619 was made in WorkshopA, in a somewhatworn mold, and should thereforedate in the firstquarter of the 2nd century. 620 comes from the building fill of the Middle Stoa, which dates it also before ca. 175. All the other pieces, however, appear to date very late in the Hellenistic period. Almost all are of long-petal or lotus-corolla design, patterns not common until after the middle of the 2nd century. One comes from Sullan destructiondebris (611), and two from post-Sullan cleanup (614, 616), and one (615) is in the Mottled Oliver ware that appears only after the Sullan sack. It is curious that many of the fragments are concentrated in late Hellenistic and early Roman area C-D 16-17. Taken contexts in the aretha thissuggests that the footed cupsand cups with together, Tsuggestaken thaoge ther, rounded shouldersdate at the very end of the Hellenistic period, in the firsthalf of the 1st century.

7

VESSELS FOR FOOD SERVICE PLATE AND SAUCER EDGE(623-630; see Graph 6) PLATE: THICKENED This distinctive plate originated in the middle of the 5th century, and its development has been traced into the 4th century by Sparkesand Talcott.1 It is characterizedby a broad rim with a thickened edge, grooved on the upper surfaceand sometimes on the verticalface as well. The rim, convex on top, meets the flat floor at an angle marked by a groove or a molding. Sometimes the floor is decorated with rouletting (626) or stamped palmettes (629). The exterior profile is most commonly angular but may be flaring (627), lightly grooved (626), or convex (623, 624). The wall is offset from the rim on the exterior,and the whole rests on a broad, low ring foot. Most Classical examples are unglazed, although black-glazed plates are not unknown. Greater diversity is found in the decoration of early Hellenistic pieces, possibly a symptom of the yearning for innovation that sometimes occurs near the end of the life span of a shape. Only two Hellenistic pieces are unglazed (623, 624). Fourare black glazed with overpainteddecoration (e.g. 628-630), and three have a black ivy garland on the reserved rim (625-627). Precedent for the latter may be found on a fragmentaryplate probably dating in the third quarter of the 4th century.2 Several featuresplace these pieces very early in the Hellenistic period: the profile of the inside of the foot, which runs smoothly into the underside; the reserved line or scraped groove at the junction of body and foot on three pieces (625, 627, 629); and the style of the overpainted decoration, with white present on only one example (630). Furthermore, 630 can be placed in the Edwards Group and thus dated to ca. 275-265. 625 and 629 are similar in profile; the grooved resting surface of the former relates it to 4th-century plates. The form of the rim and the heaviness of 628 suggest it may also be early. Their thinner walls and irregular shape and proportions, as well as their context, suggest that 626 and 627 are later. 627 has the overhanging rim that sometimes occurs as a variant in this shape.3 The two unglazed plates (623, 624) probably date in the range 325-275, but neither their profiles, which are not closely comparable to other examples, nor their contexts, which are comparatively late, can assist in narrowing this range. The thinner walls of 624 suggest it is the later of the two. see Graph 6) Approximately200 rolled-rimplates have been inventoriedfrom the Agora excavations,about three-quartersof them from dated contexts. The shape, which originated in the early4th century,4 has a ring foot, a fairly simple profile, and a "rolled"rim, made by turning the clay at the edge over onto the floor of the plate, thus forming a rim that is inwardly and upwardly thickened. In PLATE:ROLLEDRIM(631-700;

1 AgoraXII, pp. 145-146. 2 P 26868 (AgoraXII, no. 1090, p. 312, pl. 37). 3 Cf. P 26065, P 20351 (AgoraXII, nos. 1018, 1019, p. 307, fig. 9). 4 For its earlier history see AgoraXII, p. 147.

PLATE AND SAUCER

143

Attica this was the most popular plate in use during the Hellenistic period,5 although fish-plates and saucers with projecting rims are more common at other Hellenistic sites. Attic examples are also frequently found as imports elsewhere, mostly in the early Hellenistic period.6 Rolled-rim plates are always glazed and never carry painted decoration.7 All examples made before ca. 200 have stamped decoration on the floor: radiating linked or free palmettes within rouletting or, less commonly, roulettingalone. Linkedpalmettes were preferredthrough the early 3rd century; thereafter they are rare, but a few examples date as late as the last quarter of the 3rd century (665). The favorite number is six, but five, seven, eight, and nine also occur. Free palmettes became more common in the course of the 3rd century; although there was much variation in number earlier,four was the standardin the late 4th century and later. On Classical and early Hellenistic plates the rouletting consists of closely spaced, very fine and often rather long lines; after about 275 it became coarser, with shorter, thicker, more widely spaced lines. Stamped decoration probablydied out ca. 200 on this shape. The earliestunstampedplate comes from the lower fill of N 21:4, which would date it before ca. 225, but stamping appears on many plates from late-3rd-century contexts. Equal numbers of stamped and unstamped plates were found together in deposits laid down at the end of the first quarter of the 2nd century (M 21:1, P 21:4, F 17:4). The only stamped piece from a later context (690) has what appears to be an impression from a signet ring or seal on the floor, slightly off-center; a similar stamp is found on a contemporary bowl (935).8 There is a great range in size among these plates, which must have served many purposes, from hors d'oeuvres dish to serving platter. Although all sizes were probably being made at all times, certain preferences can be detected. In the second half of the 4th century, small plates (Diam. 12-15 cm.) were preferred. Larger plates (Diam. 16-26 cm.) became popular around the end of the century and remained so until the late 3rd century. From ca. 150 to 110 there was remarkableuniformityof size, with most examples measuringbetween 23 and 27 cm. in diameter. Enormous serving dishes (Diam. 34-41 cm.) were also made at this time, a phenomenon that is paralleled in contemporary bowls with outturned rims. Plates made between 110 and 86 are slightly smaller than their immediate predecessorsand exhibit more variation in size. 5 For examplesfromotherAtticsites,seeVanderpool,McCredie,andSteinberg1962,nos. 12, 13, 58, pp. 33, 39, fig. 8 on p. 40, pl. 20; Varoucha-Christodoulopoulou 1961, no. 18, p. 336, fig. 7:C;Braun 1970, nos. 164, 165, pp. 152-153, fig. 13 on p. 163, pl. 68:5; Charitonides1981, A. 256, A. 273, A. 303, A. 302, pp. 179, 181, 182, figs.3:x, 4:o, 5:Cand v; I. R. Metzger1973,nos. 1-5, pp. 42-44, fig. 1. 6 ForsomelocalandAtticrolled-rim platesat othersites,see Corinth VII, iii, nos. 101-106, pp. 36-37, pls.4, 45; Kabirion III, nos. 324, 325, p. 136,pl. 15;Seuthopolis I, III:26,p. 70, fig.38;Anderson1954,nos. 138-140, 189, 189a, 13 on 9:d nos. 147, 151, 177, pp. fig. p. pl. (Attic); 154, 155,212-215, pp. 148, 152,fig. 15on p. 178(Chios);Acrx 33, and Hatzidakis1994, p. 243, pl. 189 (Delos);Massa 1978, B' 2 [1985], p. 403, pl. 213 (Rhodes);Zapheiropoulou 1992, nos. 605-608, pp. 209-210, pl. 119 (Lemnos);PF II, C 1, C 2, pp. 42-43, pls. 1, 2 (Attic,fromPergamon); KleinerandMuller-Wiener 1972,no. 1,pp. 84-85, fig.19,pl. 25:4(Miletos);Ephesos IX, ii/ii, A 46-A 55, pp. 22-23, 29, pls.9, 10 (A48 maybe Attic);Labraunda II, i, no. 58, p. 58, pl. 33; Tarsus I, no. 1, p. 210, figs. 119, 178(Attic)and no. 27, p. 212, fig. 178; Antioch IV,i, nos. la-f, p. 11, fig. 2:1, 2, pl. I (perhapsAttic),nos. Ip, lu, 2f, 2k, p. 11, Dura nos. IV,i, ii, fig. 2:3, pl. I; 1-3, p. 2 (probablyAttic),nos. 4-7, pp. 2-3, no. 105, p. 19, pl. V; HamaIII, ii, nos.21-30, p. 8, fig.4 (Attic);Samaria III,nos. 1-3 (Attic),4, 5, p. 253, fig.51; HESamaria, Va.7.a, b, p. 294, fig.174:1, 2 (Attic);V.l. 1c, p. 297, fig. 174:29;Ikaros II, ii, nos. 427, 428, pp. 34, 44 (Attic);see Ikaros II, i, p. 53 for additional referencesto Attic importson Near Easternsites;Adriani1936, no. 3:1, p. 143, fig. 62 (probablyAttic),no. 38, p. 141,fig.59:38(Alexandria); III,iii, no. 9, pp. 2-3, fig. 1, pl. 3 (Attic);Bats1988,nos. 12-16, pp. 83-84, pl. 1 Cyrene (Attic,fromOlbiain Provence;Batscommentsthatthe shapeis not verycommonin the westernMediterranean). 7 See, however,an elaboratevariantof the shapewithgarlandspaintedon the floor(829). 8 Cf. also 1727, cataloguedas an importbutpossiblyAttic,witha stampthatcouldalsocomefroma seal.

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With such a large number of examples, the variations in shape seem almost infinite. This situation is complicated by the fact that, because of their spreading shape, plates are likely to sag while drying and are thereforeoften irregularin shape. In addition, many in the Agora collection come from workshopdebris and were severelywarped during firing. A neat and logical evolution is difficultto document, but a number of general trends may be observed. By the third quarterof the 4th century the rolled-rim plate had developed a graceful cyma profile, convex below and concave above, with a square molding at the top defining the outside of the rim area. The inner edge of the rim is sharp, and from that point the profile flows into the floor in a continuous curve. The resting surfaceis commonly grooved but may be convex or beveled towardsthe inside. Examples from level VII of the CrossroadsWell (J 5:1) and from R 13:11 illustrate this phase

(631, 632). Several changes are apparent in plates dating at the end of the 4th century (645-649). They have a concave-convex-concave profile, sometimes slightly angular, the molding at the top of the wall has been replaced by a groove, and the wall is generally thinner. Evolution in this direction during the last quarterof the century is subtle, consisting of small changes that are often perceptible to the eye and hand but difficult to document in photographs or profile drawings. They include the loosening of the cyma curve or its degeneration into a concave-convex-concave curve, the blurring of the molding, and, sometimes, its replacement by a groove. Most examples come from deposits laid down at the end of the century or slightly later; the lack of well-dated, slightly earlier deposits makes it impossible to trace the course of this development minutely. We may offer the hypothesis, however, that plates retaining the cyma curve date earlier in the span (634-639), and those that have abandoned it are later (640-644). Plates with a subangular(or occasionally convex, e.g. 653) wall with a groove at the top, but still retaining fine stamped and rouletted decoration and glaze of Classical quality, were made throughout the first quarter of the 3rd century and are well represented in Menon's Cistern (e.g. 650, 651) and other early-3rd-centurydeposits. By this time the grooved restingsurfacehad been abandoned. Resting surfaces of the 3rd century are most commonly beveled, though sometimes flat or rounded. More radical change took place in the second quarterof the 3rd century (see 655-659). The wall became more emphatically angular, the groove below the rim on the exterior less delicate, and the rouletting markedly coarser. Perhaps around the middle of the century the continuous curve from the inner face of the foot to the underside was abandoned. At that time, too, the form of the rim was altered; it became strongly convex on top, meeting the floor at an angle. 658 and 659 provide early examples of these features. Slightly later, perhaps, the groove that had earlier defined the lower edge of the rim area on the exterior lost its connection with the rim and began to move further down the wall; 661 is the earliest example. The evolution of the plate from this point to ca. 175 is problematic. Although many examples are extant, there seems to be little if any differencebetween plates in deposits laid down around the end of the century (e.g. 667, 668) and those deposited a quarter century later (e.g. 664, 666, 671-675). A process of simplification, however, seems to have been under way as old features of the shape were gradually abandoned, and this forms the basis for the dates suggested in the Catalogue. Some plates of this period have angular walls, but on most the wall is straight. Some are lacking stamped decoration. Plates with straightwalls are more commonly unstamped, suggesting that both these features represent chronological development, although neither can be used as an infallible guide to precise dating within the period. The groove on the wall is usually at half or two-thirdsheight, but occasionallyit has been omitted (e.g. 668). Sometimes the

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rim droops down slightly (e.g. 666, 668), or the upper part of the wall is slightly concave (e.g. 671). Occasionally the inner edge of the rim is undercut (e.g. 670, 671). A more consistent picture emerges in plates of the second quarter of the 2nd century (678681). The wall is consistently straight, sometimes with a groove at about half height. The plates are deeper, with the height approaching one-fifth of the diameter (one-sixth or one-seventh was normal earlier). The foot is also smaller in relation to the diameter of the rim. The natural outcome of this line of development can be seen in plates of the second half of the 2nd century (682-693). The diameter of the foot is small (about one-third to two-fifths of the diameter the of rim) and the plate very deep (H:Diam. of rim = ca. 1:4). The change in proportions is so strikingthat one wonders if it corresponds to some change in eating habits, with stews or other runny concoctions taking the place of the gravyless meals that could have been accommodated by the flatter, earlier plates.9 The upper wall flares out so that the rim is nearly horizontal, and the groove is often absent from the wall. The rim is generally undercut on the inside, and the resting surface of the foot is most commonly flat. The plates were glazed by dipping, and finger marks usually appear on the foot and lower wall. One example (684) is unglazed underneath, a feature that points forward to later developments. Plates with these features are abundantly represented in Thompson's Group E, which was deposited before the end of the 2nd century. They have also been found in deposits that are probably somewhat earlier (E 6:2, H 12:1) and may have been in production during much of the second half of the century. Semiglazing is the mark of plates of the subsequent phase (694-700). Again the plates were dip glazed, but now the glaze covers only the interiorand the upper exterior,sometimes dribbling down as far as the foot. The rim is no longer undercut;in fact it is sometimes barely distinguished from the floor. There are no plates of this phase in Group E, but they are common in Sullan destruction debris (M 20:1) and post-Sullan cleanup (E 14:3), suggesting a date between ca. 110 and 86. The shape may well have died out afterthe Sullan attack;the only certainlyAttic example in Group F (P 11817) is an heirloom of the late 3rd or early 2nd century. (701-708) A small collection of early Hellenistic plates falls between rolled-rim and rilled-rimplates in shape and quality. They usually have a convex profile, the larger ones with grooves or offsets below the rim. The rim itself is slightly rolled or convex on top. Most are fairly sizable (Diam. 17-30 cm.), although a few are smaller. There is no stamped or rouletted decoration, the foot meets the underside at an angle (unlikecontemporaryrolled-rimplates), and the glaze is generally of poor quality,indicating that these are in essence cheap versionsof the standardrolled-rimplate. Except for occasional examples from contexts of the third quarter of the 4th century (P 28887 fromJ 5:1, VII, P 11804 from BB 17:1),all were found in early Hellenistic deposits;four (e.g. 701, 705) come from the late-4th- to early-3rd-centuryfills near the Tholos and perhaps were cheap government issue for public dining. A smaller plate (707) from that same context, with offset wall and incurvedrim, is unique in shape. 708 is a late Hellenistic semiglazed plate, related to late rolled-rimplates but with a groove around the rim on the inside in the manner of rilled-rimplates. RELATED PIECES

9 Changeis alsoindicated the factthatthe in popularityin the courseof the Hellenistic by plategrewsignificantly period; see Bats 1988, pp. 58-59, where the statisticsfrom published Attic groups are summarized.

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(709-733; see Graph 6) The fish-plate, so named from the fish and other sea creatures that decorate red-figured examples10?and from the putative use to which the vessel was put, began to be made in Athens at the end of the 5th century.11 It seems to have been primarilya creation of the potter, although a silver example of the second half of the 4th century is known.12 The fish-plate is common on sites from North Africa and Italy to Mesopotamia, although the form in the east, in Italy, and in northern Greece is different from the Athenian shape.13 The Attic fish-plate is a broad vessel with a substantial overhanging rim and a depression in the middle of the floor, which probably FISH-PLATE

10 Forred-figuredfish-platessee McPheeand Trendall1987; they list nine

examplesfromthe Agora(p. 151),

for which now see AgoraXXX (forthcoming).See also Kunisch 1989. 11 Sparkesand Talcott (AgoraXII, pp. 147-148) and McPhee and Trendall (1987, p. 18)would place its beginnings little if any before 400, but recently, much earlier,Aeolic examples have been found at Mytilene (I am grateful to Hector Williams and Jane Francis for showing me this material). For conjectures about the way in which the plate was used, see Zimmermann 1967, p. 562; EretriaII, p. 16; Morel 1981, p. 82, with furtherbibliography;Kabirion III, p. 51; Kunisch 1989, pp. 43-48. The notion that figuredfish-plateswere used exclusivelyin funerarycontext, argued by Schefold (1934, pp. 148-149) and sensiblyrejected by Robinson (Olynthus XIII, pp. 125-128), nonetheless persists (Thimme 1969). The Agora pieces are certainlysimple table ware, as were fish-platesfound in a restaurantor kitchen dump together with bones and shells at Kition in Cyprus (BCH 106, 1982, pp. 725-726, fig. 94). The hypothesis that the ancient namnefor the shape was 65U3acpov,which has been widely rejected (see TarsusI, p. 155, note 13 for arguments contra),has recently been revived and argued with ingenuity by Kunisch (1989, pp. 51-62). 12 Andronicos 1984, p. 209, fig. 63 on p. 201. 13 The following will give an idea of its range: Alt-AginaII, i, nos. 396-398, pp. 60-61, figs. 18-20; Corinth VII, iii, nos. 131-137, pp. 40-42, pls. 5, 46; Kenchreai IV, Gr 11, pp. 7-8, fig. 6; EretriaII, 1.2.1-38, pp. 46-49, pls. 5-7, 34, 35; I. R. Metzger 1984, 1.2.1-11, p. 205, fig. 2 (Eretria);DelosXXVII, E 54, E 63, E 68, pp. 248-249, pl. 43; Kabirion III, nos. 374-386, p. 138, pl. 17; Kalydon, no. 17, p. 419, figs. 144, 146; Benton 1938-1939, no. 7, p. 32, fig. 17:7 (Ithaka); DemetriasI, nos. 1-5, pp. 63-64, pl. 12:1-5 and nos. 41-48, pp. 97-98, pl. 30:1-10; Veroia,II 1350, p. 60, fig. 43 on p. 158, pl. 28; Drougou 1991, p. 60 (Vergina),p. 108 (Pella),p. 157 (Eordia);ttThas VII, no. 37, p. 136, pl. LXI (Thasos);Nikolaidou-Patera 1994, pp. 111-112, pls. 56, 57 (Eion [East Macedonia]); Bozkova 1994, p. 228, pl. 175 I, p. 71, fig. 39; Belov 1962, p. 165, fig. 26 (Chersonese);MirmekiII, p. 42, fig. 35; MirmekiIII, (Thrace); Seuthopolis p. 95, figs. 93, 94; HistriaII, XXII:16, p. 167, pl. 88; II:1, 3, p. 178, pl. 90; XXI:8, p. 181, pl. 90; XXXIII:1, p. 182, pl. 91; XXXIV:6, 12, p. 187, pl. 92; XXVI:13, p. 191, pl. 93; SamosIV, nos. 247, 248, pp. 111-112, fig. 8; SamosXIV, pp. 158-160, figs. 200, 260, 265, and Z133:B; Technau 1929, p. 46, fig. 35 (Samos); Anderson 1954, nos. 51, 191, 192, 199, pp. 148, 151, fig. 17 on p. 180, pl. 9:c (Chios);AvPI, ii, no. 27, p. 270; AvPXI, i, nos. 5, 36, 99, 100, 102, 147, pp. 99, 107, 117, 123, pls. 35, 36, 39, 43; PF II, C 4, p. 43, pl. 1 (Pergamon);Pfrommer 1985, nos. 36-38, p. 56, figs. 36-38 on p. 70, pl. 21:6 (Miletos);EphesosIX, ii/ii, A 32-A 45, pp. 20-22, 28-29, pls. 7-9; Mitsopoulou-Leon 1972-1975, cols. 497-499, fig. I:A, B (Ephesos);J. M. Cook 1965, pp. 152-153, fig. 10, pl. 45:b (Smyrna);Labraunda II, i, nos. 36, 56, 62, pp. 57-59, pl. 33; TarsusI, nos. 23, 24, p. 212, figs. 120, 178:23, B, C, with the related nos. 25, 26, 37, 39, 40, pp. 212-213, figs. 120, 178, 179; AntiochIV, i, Forms 10-18, pp. 11-12, pls. I, II; DuraIV, i, ii, nos. 43, 44, 96, 97, pp. 8, 17; HamaIII, ii, nos. 1-20, pp. 2-7, figs. 1-3; no. 6, p. 192, fig. 72:D 6; HESamaria,Types V.8.2, 4, 6, p. 297, fig. 174:34-38; SamariaIII, nos. 1-8, pp. 222-223, fig. 37; nos. 1-3, p. 233, fig. 43; nos. 1-20, pp. 260-263, fig. 54; examples from Israel are summarizedin Lapp 1961, Type 53 D, p. 177 and Type 153:1, p. 206; SwCyprusExp IV, iii, fig. 27:5 (Cyprus);SalamineVIII, nos. 82-90, p. 37, fig. 24; Papuci-Wladyka 1994, p. 261, pls. 208:23, 24, 209:35 (Paphos);Pagenstecher 1913, no. 7, p. 146, fig. 158; no. 36, p. 148, fig. 161 (Alexandria). Examples from the Near East, mostly in green-glazedware, are discussedin IkarosII, i, pp. 28-32. Forexamples from Italy and North Africa, see Morel 1981, Series 1121-1127, pp. 82-87, pls. 1-4, and Series 1274, 1276, p. 101, pl. 10. PossibleAttic imports are noted at Eretria(EretriaII, probably1.2.5, 21, 24, pp. 46-48, pls. 6, 7, 34, although Metzger also lists as Attic others whose profilesare unlike Attic examples), Hama (HamaIII, ii, no. 2, p. 6), Samaria (SamariaIII, nos. 1, 2, p. 262), Histria (HistriaII, XXXIV:6, 12, p. 187, pl. 92), and Olbia in Provence (Bats 1988, nos. l-ll,pp.81-82,pl. 1).

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served to collect broth or to hold seasoning or relish.14 It has a ring foot, usually convex on the exterior and sometimes slightlyflaring,its resting surfacenormally reserved. The undersideis convex or pointed, uneven in late examples, and, in the Hellenistic period, always totally glazed. There is almost invariablya scraped groove arund the depression and at the outer edge of the floor,just before the rim bends down. The groove was introduced during potting, glazed, and later accentuated by scraping. In the 4th century it was occasionallyreservedratherthan scraped. Size is extremely variable. Measurable examples at the Agora range from 12.5 to 39.5 cm. in diameter. The fragmentary P 11419 and 731, with foot diameters of 19.5 cm. and ca. 34.0 Plates. Plates in the 14 cm. respectively,were much larger, functioning as platters rather than plates. to 20 cm. range were commoner in the late 4th and 3rd centuries; a slightly larger plate was favored in the late 3rd and 2nd century,although small plates continued to be manufactured. The Agora collection includes over eighty inventoriedblack-glazedfish-plates,of which fiftynine are probably Hellenistic.15 All but nine are probably local products. This provides a fairly good sample of Attic plates, but it is not evenly spreadover the Hellenistic period. Large numbers come from deposits of the late 4th and early 3rd century and the period 225-175, but the middle of the 3rd century and the late Hellenistic period are poorly represented. Perhaps because the fish-platewas a complicated shape and usuallya well-made one, there was considerablevariability at any time, as Sparkesand Talcott have commented.16 It is best to follow their lead and discuss s eparately. the various elements of the shape The resting surfacesof 4th-centuryplates are almost alwaysbeveled and deeply grooved (e.g. 710-713), featuresthat were abandoned in the course of the first quarterof the 3rd century. The typical resting surface of plates dating after ca. 250 is flat and usuallyfairlynarrow (e.g. 720, 721); it may be beveled or, in the late 2nd and early 1st century, rounded. The outer face of the foot is occasionally straight rather than convex on plates dating after ca. 275 (e.g. 720, 732). On late Hellenistic examples the foot is smaller, measuring less than half the diameter of the plate (732, 733). The floors of 4th-century plates, from rim to depression, are flat or slightly convex. This continues in the 3rd century, but beginning ca. 300 some plates have concave floors (e.g. 712 and, later, 718). This is a regular feature of plates from deposits dating between 225 and 175 (e.g. 727-730). There is also a tendency towardsa deeper plate, a trend that is paralleledin plates with rolled rims. This evolution probablybegan in the firstquarterof the 2nd century;the earliest examples are 729 and 730. It emerges clearly from a comparison of the relationship of height to diameter in various periods. Although individual pieces may vary widely, the average ratio of height to diameter (H. divided by Diam.) on examples of the 4th and 3rd centuries is 0.16; on plates of the period 225-175 the ratio is 0.18; and on still later ones it is 0.21. Numerically these are only slight changes, but they have a marked impact on the appearance of the plates: compare 711 and 716 with 728 and 733. 14

It has also been suggested, less plausibly, that it was meant to hold a small bowl or jug (Sestieri 1958, p. 60; Caputo 1961, p. 23). 15 For other Hellenistic fish-plates from Attic sites see Vanderpool, McCredie, and Steinberg 1962, nos. 18-22, p. 35, fig. 8 on p. 40, pl. 21; Varoucha-Christodoulopoulou1961, no. 21, p. 337, fig. 7:y, x; Jones, Graham, and Sackett 1973, no. 43, p. 380, fig. 6, pl. 72 (all from early Hellenistic contexts); Braun 1970, no. 193, p. 158, fig. 14 on p. 164, pl. 74:1; I. R. Metzger 1973, nos. 32-37, p. 49, fig. 2; Charitonides 1981, A. 304, A. 300, A. 306, pp. 174, 181, figs. 3:, 5:8, e (contexts of ca. 225-150). 16 AgoraXII, p. 148.

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As the plate became deeper, the rim became smaller,so that more of the body is visible when the plate is viewed in profile. On fish-plates of the second half of the 4th century the whole body and part of the foot are commonly obscured by the rim (e.g. 709-711), although there are exceptions. On plates made in the early 3rd centuryusuallythe whole of the foot but little if any of the body is visible (e.g. 712, 714, 715, 718). The foot and part of the body are almost always visible on plates made after ca. 275 (e.g. 719, 720,726). Also at this time the wall became thinner, and several plates of the period ca. 275-200 have a delicate, brittle feel (719-721, 723). Later examples are again more substantial. On 4th-century fish-plates the rim meets the floor at a sharp angle (e.g. 709). This angle is sometimes softened on 3rd-centurypieces (e.g. 717), and in some plates dating after ca. 225 the rimjoins the floor in a continuous curve (e.g. 728, 729). The angle of the rim to the vertical also increasedwith time. On some 4th-centuryplates the rim is nearly vertical (709, 710); throughout the 3rd century it is at an angle of about 20 degrees to the vertical. On late-3rd- and 2nd-century plates the angle may be as great as ca. 45 degrees (e.g. 728-730, 732), although some plates retain the vertical rim. The central depression also underwent changes. It became smaller,the diameter shrinking from about one-fourth of the rim diameterin the 4th and 3rd centuries, to about one-fifthin plates dating after ca. 225. On 4th- and early-3rd-centuryplates the depression has a very sharp edge with a slight ridge around it, an effect producedby tooling the vessel when it was leather-hard(e.g. 709, 715). On plates from deposits dating after the middle of the century, however, there is often a thick ridge or ring around the depression, and the edge of the depression is no longer angular (e.g. 722, 725), indicating that such tooling had now been abandoned. On one late piece the edge of the depression is undercut (732). Details of glazing are also useful chronological indicators. Since the fish-plateis a well-made shape, it is not surprisingthat the glaze of the 4th-century examples is almost always a lustrous black. Quality and color were more variable in the early 3rd century,and lustrousglazing rarely appears on plates dating after ca. 275. The stacking circle on the floor, almost always present after ca. 275, is unknown on earlier examples. It is also noteworthy that miltos is almost never present on post-4th-century plates. Three 3rd-century fish-plates (see 724, 725) exhibit both early and late features and may be conscious imitations of 4th-century plates; their similarglaze, thick and metallic, suggests that they all come from the same shop. On other Mediterranean sites the fish-plate remained a popular shape throughout the 2nd century; examples are known also in Eastern SigillataA of the later 2nd and 1st centuries.17 AlthoughAttic productionapparentlycontinued into the late Hellenistic period, it is clearfrom the contextual evidence that the shape was rare after about 175. Only two inventoriedAttic examples were found in deposits of the second quarterof the 2nd century. Three come from Sullan debris, but one of these is probably an intrusion of the late 3rd or early 2nd century (P 11812), and another may be imported (732).18 A small scatter of fragments among late Hellenistic context pottery suggests, however, that the fish-plate had not been abandoned altogether. A possible explanation for its drop in popularity comes from the form and its evolution. In the 4th century, when Attic rolled-rim plates were flat and often small, the fish-platefilled a real need, providing a place for sauce or broth to accumulate as it drained from the food. But as, in the course 17 DuraIV,i,ii, nos. 43, 44, p. 8; HamaIII, ii, no. 6, p. 192, fig. 72:D 6; SamosXIV, p. 160, fig. 265:D; Cornell 1981,

pp. 144-150, pl. 19. 18 From the second quarter of the 2nd century, P 11418, P 11419, from F 5:1. From Sullan debris, 732 and P 11812 from N 19:1 (middle fill) and 733 from E 14:3.

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of the 2nd century, the rolled-rim plate became deeper, it too became suitable for such a task, eliminating the need for a special shape that was more difficult to make. see Graph 6) Throughout most of the Hellenistic period Athenian potters manufactured a saucer or deep plate characterized by a projecting rim. At some stages in its development it resembles the fish-plate or rilled-rimplate in profile.19 At Athens, however, these similarities are the result of convergent development rather than common origins. Although the shape has often been called a plate, it is never as flat or shallow as that term implies; for this reason the term saucer has been used here. Given the simplicity of the shape, it is not surprisingthat it is found over much of the Hellenistic world and in a wide variety of wares.20At the Agora it is representedby about sixty inventoried pieces of local manufacture,spread over the period ca. 270-50.21 They are very uniform in size; almost all measure between 15 and 20 cm. in diameter, most between 16 and 19 cm. In shape, however, there is great variability,and evidence of hasty manufacture is abundant; the saucers must have been among the cheapest of glazed goods. The profile is often irregular,the walls sometimes of variable thickness. There are usually finger markson the foot and lower wall, where the vessel was held for dip glazing, and on a few pieces the foot has not been completely glazed (744, 746). Stamped decoration is lacking, although one piece has a maker'sstamp (753); it preserves nothing more than an initial e in a rectangularfield. Two more pieces (774, 775) possibly of this shape are stamped with the name 8Eoyvut but in much cruder letters. The foot, almost always a ring with flaringprofile, has a plain restingsurface of variablewidth and a rough underside, flat, convex, or nippled. The restingsurface may be flat, beveled inwardly or outwardly,or rounded, and is fully glazed in almost all cases. The wall may curve continuously SAUCER: RIM(734-775; PROJECTING

19

Occasionally such saucers have been called fish-plates, despite the lack of a central depression: SamariaIII, pp. 220-222. The saucers and rilled-rimplates are particularlyclosely allied in Thebes; cf. Kabirion III, nos. 339-364 and nos. 365-373, pp. 137-138, pls. 16, 17, grouped as a single type by Heimberg. 20 There is considerable variation in shape and proportions among the following, but all seem to conform to the type: Alt-AginaII, i, no. 393, p. 60, fig. 17; I. R. Metzger 1984, 1.1.67, 68, p. 203, fig. 3 (Eretria);KabirionIII, nos. 339-364, p. 137, pl. 16;Bruneau 1970, no. 61.5, p. 476, fig. 105 and fig. 212 on p. 519; nos. 188:4, 5, pp. 504-507, figs. 179, 180, 212 (Argos); OlBerIV, p. 79, fig. 47:c; Anderson 1953, no. 7, p. 158, fig. 2 (semiglazed, from near Mamousia, Achaia); Demetris I, no. 37, p. 97, pl. 29:4; Samothrace III, ii, no. 49.517, p. 212; Belin de Ballu 1972, p. 117, fig. 33 (Olbia); HistriaII, XXVI.16, pp. 191-192, pl. 93; XXXVII.18, p. 195, pl. 95 (the latter possibly Attic); Homann-Wedeking 1950, no. 3 a, pp. 179-180, figs. 15:E, 17 (Knossos);Ducrey, Hadjimichali, and Picard 1976, nos. 534, 539, p. 260, figs. 6, 7 (Lato);Kossatz 1985, no. 6, p. 184, fig. 22 (with painted decoration on the rim, from Be?ik-Tepe);Anderson 1954, no. 153, p. 148, fig. 15 on p. 178 (semiglazed,from Chios); SamosXIV, p. 121, fig. Z 133:D (gray ware); Technau 1929, p. 45, fig. 3:5, 6 (Samos);AvP IX, p. 117, fig. 38:c:1 (Pergamon);Pfrommer 1985, no. 39, p. 57, fig. 39 on p. 70 (Miletos);EphesosIX, ii/ii, A 61-A 75, pp. 24, 30, pls. 12-16; Mitsopoulou-Leon 1972-1975, col. 499, fig. 1:E(stamped, from Ephesos); TarsusI, no. 32, p. 213, fig. 179; AntiochIV, i, no. 25, p. 12, fig. 2:4, pl. II (with stamped decoration);HamaIII, ii, no. 38, p. 9, figs. 4, 5; DuraIV, i, ii, no. 125, p. 22 (local red-wash ware); SamariaIII, nos. 10-13, p. 222, fig. 37; nos. 1-11, p. 264, fig. 55; Zayadin 1966, no. 62, p. 61, pl. XXIX (Samaria);HESamaria,V.8.5.d, p. 297, fig. 174:9; Lapp 1961, Type 53 E, p. 177 and Type 153.1.h, p. 206 (Israel); Burkhalter 1987, nos. 49, 50, pp. 368-371, figs. 8, 9 (Amathous, Cyprus);SalamineVIII, nos. 75-81, p. 36, fig. 23; Papuci-Wladyka1994, p. 261, pl. 209:45; Pagenstecher 1913, no. 34, p. 148, fig. 161:34 (largerthan Attic examples, from Alexandria); Adriani 1936, no. 3, p. 144 (Attic?),no. 33, p. 140, fig. 59 on p. 139 (Alexandria);IkarosII, ii, no. 262, p. 24, pl. 23 (green-glazedware); Cyrene III, iii, nos. 33-35, p. 5, fig. 3; Morel 1981, Series 1131, 1534, pp. 87, 120-122, pls. 4, 21, 22, and Type 1274b, p. 101, pl. 10 (taly). 21 For additional Attic examples see I. R. Metzger 1973, nos. 8-13, pp. 44-45, fig. 1, pl. 10; Braun 1970, nos. 138, 163, pp. 148, 152, fig. 12 on p. 163, pls. 64:1, 68:4.

150

7. VESSELSFOR FOOD SERVICE

from foot to rim or may have an angle at the top. Saucers of the latter type often have a thick, shiny, black glaze and may be the products of a single shop; most come from deposits dating between ca. 225 and 175. A nearly horizontal and fairly narrow rim is typical of the earliest examples (e.g. 735-737), although it recurs later. After ca. 225 other rims develop. The most common are a simple downturned rim (e.g. 743) and a downturned rim with a ridge at the inner edge (e.g. 752), found in abundance from ca. 225 to the end of production. Occasionally the rim overhangs the floor slightly (e.g. 747, 755); this feature occurs on a few examples ranging in date from the third quarterof the 3rd to the first quarter of the 2nd century. The variability of the shape is well illustratedby a group of saucers from the Komos Cistern a workshop that (M 21:1), which contained the dump from produced pottery and terracotta figurines. Four of the five saucers from the deposit (743, 745, 746, 751) share a technical detail (faint rippling on the exterior)that is paralleled on a contemporary example (P 28625), and they may well have been made by a single potter at one sitting. Their resting surfaces show no wear, and it seems likely that they were discarded soon after manufacture. Of these four, three have downturned rims and one hashass a an angularwall (743), rimrims 745, 746) (743, ridged (743, the others do not. One is shallow (743), the others deeper, and there is no uniformity in the relative size of the foot. It emerges from the above remarksthat only the most general comments about the chronological development of these saucers can be made. The shape is not present in the assemblages from Koroni or the Vari House, or in Group A. The earliest certain context is the lower fill of B 13:8 (deposited ca. 260), which contained a small fragment of a saucer; two small fragments possibly of this shape were found in the slightly earlier debris in Menon's Cistern. Substantially complete examples are not encountered until somewhat later,with two examples (735, 736) from deposits discarded around the middle of the century. These two pieces, along with the single example in Group B (737), illustratethe earliestform of the saucer,with narrow,nearly horizontal rim and fairly shallow proportions, features that may be observed in early Hellenistic examples elsewhere.22The glaze is better than that of later saucers, and finger marksare generally absent. A possible forerunnerof the shape may be recognized in a shallow bowl probably dating ca. 275 the oftop theof the wall relates it to the shape under (734). The rim is different, buto tretopatment discussion. The saucer enjoyed great popularity in the 3rd the a half of the incenturyendfirst larityter 2nd, when many sturdy examples with a variety of rim and wall profileswere produced. Saucers walled thinner wallan and may be slightly larger earlier ones, and dating after ca. 150 are usually thinner suhares with plates and bowls a tendency they have more delicate rims, concave on top. The saucer for the foot to become smaller in relation to the diameter of the rim: from a median of just under half the diameter of the rim in the 3rd century to a median the of about oone-third in the period after 150. Later saucers are also slightly deeper. Semiglazing was introduced at the end of the period, appearing on two fragments from Sullan contexts (770, 771); two contemporary pieces are unglazed (772, 773). The shape was still in production at the time of the Sullan sack, and since many have been found in post-Sullan deposits, it may have survivedfurther down into the 1st century. Pieces in the catalogue have been arranged according to the dates of the deposits in which they were found; a large number of examples are included to illustratethe variabilityof the shape at any given time. 22

Anderson 1954, no. 153, p. 148, fig. 15 on p. 178; Zayadin 1966, no. 62, p. 61, pl. XXIX; Burkhalter 1987, no. 50, pp. 368-371, fig. 9.

PLATEAND SAUCER

151

see Graph 6) A small plate or saucer with a ring foot and a wide rim reserved and marked with two grooves occurs commonly in sacrificialpyres;23but, while most pyre pottery is exclusivelyvotive, the rilled-rim plate is also found in domestic contexts. It seems, then, that it also served as a secular vessel, and some examples, clearly intended as fine table ware, have been embellished with rouletting or West Slope decoration (see below under Small Decorated Plate, pp. 152-153). Rilled-rim plates began to be manufacturedaround 375, derived from a finer, totally glazed plate developed around 430.24 An interesting Classical predecessor,omitted from AgoraXII, is 776, an unglazed plate of extremely fine fabric and workmanship. It finds no parallel at the Agora, but the quality of the fabric and of the stamped decoration on the floor suggests it dates at least as early as the first half of the 4th century. Rilled-rim plates are among the few shapes that appear to be exclusively Attic.25 Although plates or shallow bowls with horizontal, grooved rims have been found occasionally elsewhere, they are usually large, deep, and fully glazed.26 The typical Attic plate, however, is small (Diam. 11-15 cm.) and glazed only on the floor. This exclusivenessmay be due to the intimate association of the plate with an Athenian religious custom. For this reason and because of their poor quality, the plates were not exported and thereforewere never imitated elsewhere. Two of the plates from the Agora (e.g. 808) are made of an unusual, pale fabric. In view of the fact, however, that the shape is not found elsewhere, they are likely to be local products, perhaps made of imported clay, or made somewhere else in Attica rather than in Athens itself. Evidence of hasty and careless manufactureis abundant. Almost all examples have warped or sagging profiles, and occasionally the foot has been damaged in production (797, 810). The glaze is thin, sloppily applied, and irregularlyfired. There is great variety in profile, much of it meaningless in terms of chronology. Because of this, dating is heavily dependent on context. Only vessels from very well dated deposits have been included in the Catalogue, and the catalogued pieces (about 30 percent of the inventoried examples) have been chosen to illustrate the range of shape in any one period. A few chronological landmarksmay be noted. The typical plate of the second half of the 4th century has a straight or convex profile. The rim is usually narrow, does not project, and is often horizontal or slopes to the inside. These pieces are glazed all over except for the rim and resting surface and, occasionally,the underside (781). Fromthe beginning of the 3rd century onwards, however, glaze was applied only to the floor of the plate. A few plates of the second half of the 4th century have a groove on the floor (see 777), but this feature all but disappearsafter PLATE:

23

Rwun.n RIM (776-815;

Forpyressee Young1951b,pp. 110-130 and pp. 212-217 below;rilled-rimplatesappearin pyres 1, 2, and

5 (pre-Hellenistic;pls. 50, 51) and 8, 9, and 12-14 (rangingin date from ca. 315-250; pls. 52-54). 24 For the earlier stages of the shape see AgoraXII, pp. 146-147 (under rilled rim) and p. 199 (under small plate). 25 For other Attic examples see Schlorb-Vierneisel 1966, no. 188:4, p. 103, pl. 61:5; Vanderpool, McCredie, and nos. 23-25, p. 35, fig. 8 on p. 40, pl. 21; Braun 1970, nos. 20, 146, 196, pp. 135, 150, 159, fig. 11 Steinberg 1962, on p. 163, pls. 54:3, 74:1; Charitonides 1981, A. 258, A. 255, pp. 181, 182, fig. 5:x, ~; I. R. Metzger 1973, nos. 14, 15, pp. 45-46, fig. 1. 26 III, nos. 365-373, p. 138, pl. 17; Demetrias E.g. EretriaII, 1.1.26, p. 43, pls. 2, 34; Kabirion I, no. 56, pp. 100-101, XVIII:3 and 36:1; OlBerIV, p. 79, fig. 47:b (Olympia);OlBerVI, p. 43, fig. 21 (Olympia);Anderson 1953, no. 6, pls. p. 158, fig. 2 (near Mamousia, Achaia); Homann-Wedeking 1950, no. 3 b, p. 180, fig. 18 (Knossos). Rilled-rim plates from Elis are shallow but largerthan Attic examples (Mitsopoulou-Leon 1994, nos. 20, 24, p. 171, pls. 93, 101). Morel (1981) gives the Attic shape as Series 1634, p. 128, pl. 25; comparison with his other plates with rilled or grooved rims (Series 1631-1633, 1635-1637; see pls. 25, 26) illustratesthe differences between the Attic type and Italian types.

152

7. VESSELS FOR FOOD SERVICE

ca. 30027and is rarelyfound on plates with unglazed exteriors(foran exception see 786). Grooves on the exterior, also a common 4th-century feature (see 777), are also rare on unglazed plates and were probably abandoned by the early 3rd century. For a brief period, probably only in the firstquarterof the 3rd century,a pronounced offset sometimes markedthe top of the wall,just below the rim (see 783). Around 300 B.C. the first plates with projecting rims were made, the earliest exhibiting some of the typically 4th-century features described above (e.g. 784-786). Projecting rims did not become universal, however, until the second quarter of the 3rd century. On early Hellenistic plates the rim is usually not much over one centimeter in width; commonly it is horizontal or inwardly sloping, although downturned rims also occur. On plates dating after ca. 225 the rim is usually wider and almost always stronglydownturned. The proportionsof the plates also changed, as the plates became both relativelyand absolutely taller. Examples more than 3.0 cm. in height were not made before the end of the 3rd century but had become very common by the second quarter of the 2nd century. For plates made before ca. 250 the height is usually less than half of the diameter; for those of the latter half of the 3rd century the height is often greaterthan half the diameter;and for plates made after 175 this is the normal situation. The foot, originally low and broad, becomes smaller. On plates dating before ca. 275 the diameter of the foot is usually more than half that of the rim; on those made after 200 the diameter of the foot is almost always less than half the rim diameter. The rilled-rimplate continued in production throughoutthe Hellenistic period. It is not very heavily represented,however,in Sullan debris,which suggeststhat it may have been passing out of vogue in the early years of the 1st century. Only two examples from post-Sullan contexts have been inventoried (812, 815), but these may well be part of Sullan debris;the shape was probably not produced after 86. see Graph 6) The concave-rimplate, similarto, but far less common than, the rilled-rimplate,28is confined to the 4th and early 3rd centuries and probably served almost exclusively as a pyre dedication. The two shapes are very closely related, and some pieces seem to fall between them (e.g., 782, with one groove in the rim). Like contemporary rilled-rimplates, the typical concave-rim plate has a heavy, convex wall, although on two of the latest it has a cyma-recta curve (818, 819). The rim is horizontal or inwardly sloping, reserved, and usually slightly concave on top. Glaze normally covers all surfacesexcept the rim; lack of glaze on the underside (818) or glazing only on the floor (819) is a late sign. The latest example comes from Menon's Cistern (F 16:8), which indicates that the shape did not survivebeyond the first twenty-fiveyears of the 3rd century. PLATE:CONCAVE RIM(816-819;

see Graph 6) A handful of small plates are the same or close in shape to rilled-rimplates but are fully glazed and decorated, usually in West Slope technique. They are fairlyrare, perhaps because this fragile form of decoration was not very practical for the working surface of a plate. They show some variation in the treatment of the rim, which may be plain (828), downturned (826, 827), or rilled with one (820) or two grooves, like rilled-rimplates (821-825). In size, too, they are like rilled-rim SMALLDECORATEDPLATE(820-828;

27 It appearson a fullyglazedrilled-rimplate at Koroni(Vanderpool,McCredie,and Steinberg 1962, no. 24, p. 35, fig. 8 on p. 40,pl. 21) and is also found on later decorated plates (see pp. 152-153). 28 For other Attic examples see Jones, Graham, and Sackett 1973, no. 41, p. 380, fig. 6; Schlorb-Vierneisel 1966, no. 155:7, p. 90, fig. 8 on p. 63,pl. 58:2.

PLATE AND SAUCER

153

plates, varying from 11.0 to 13.5 cm. in diameter. As decorated table ware, however, they are of much higher quality than ordinary rilled-rim plates and are often covered with an excellent black glaze. The floor is frequently divided into zones by a scraped groove and the usual painted patterns employed: ivy garland, bunch of grapes, branch, olive garland, spearhead necklace, and, more unusually,tripod. The central area often bears a star. Most of these plates may be dated within the 3rd century on the basis of context and decoration. Two rouletted pieces (825, 826) are probablylater,dating in the late 3rd or early 2nd century,when roulettinghad a brief vogue as surface decoration for drinkingcups. The context of 828 suggests that it too could be later. LARGEWEST SLOPEPLATE(829-837;

see Graph 6)

Largerplates or servingplatters decorated on the floor in West Slope technique enjoyed some popularity in the Hellenistic period.29 Many are elaborately made, with intricatelymolded rims and scraped grooves dividing the floor into multiple decorativezones. At least one was pierced for hanging (832), which suggests that they were also displayedon the walls of the home. Most of the representatives of this shape from the Agora are fragmentary,and it is rarely possible to reconstructa complete profile. Precise dates cannot be won from this meager amount of material, especially since much of it consists of small fragments that may have been broken many years before their final deposit. Only two pieces are substantiallycomplete. 829 is an elaborate form of the rolled-rim plate of the early Hellenistic period: a deep groove has been added to the rim, and additional grooves appear on the wall and floor. The profile, the quality of the glaze, and the delicate myrtle and ivy garlandsplace it in the earlypart of the 3rd century. The other nearly complete example (832) is probablytypical of plattersof the middle of the Hellenistic period; 830, 831, and 833 may have been like it in shape. The profile is relatively simple in comparison to Hellenistic plates found on other sites, but the decoration is elaborate. On all these plates the entire floor is covered with decoration in several zones, which are separated by scraped grooves and sometimes subsidiary motifs such as bead and reel or diagonal lines. In the center is most commonly a star or rosette,like those found on hemisphericaland conical cups, although 830 has a thymiaterionin this position. 833 is very unusual in being painted both inside and out. These are substantial vessels and almost certainly functioned as serving platters. Most probably date in the 3rd century,and later versions of the West Slope platter are not represented at the Agora. Possiblythe role of the platterwas taken over by other shapes; afterthe middle of the 2nd century,for instance, large rolled-rimplates and plates with offset rims may have fulfilledthis function. Two plates (835, 836) are smaller, to judge by the diameters of their feet, and one even smallerfragment (837) with a delicate rosette medallion could come from a bowl ratherthan a plate. 29 A

I, nos. 49-56, pp. 99-101, pls. XVII: 1, 2, 4; particularlygood collection was found at Demetrias (Demetrias XVIII:3, 5-7; 34; 35:2, 3; 36:1; 38:7, 8). See also Charitonides 1981, p. 173, pl. 41:ao (Attic);Watzinger 1901, no. 32, p. 82 (Attic?); CorinthVII, iii, nos. 127-130, pp. 39-40, pls. 4, 45; EretriaII, IV.9-15, 44-46, pp. 57, 60, II, nos. 3915-3917, p. 365, pls. 16, 36, 37, 40; I. R. Metzger 1984, II.1-6, p. 212, fig. 4, pl. 62 (Eretria);Perachora AeXr B' 1 151; 21, 1966, 165, pl. [1968], p. pl. 165:p, y (Gialova, Messenia); Drougou 1991, pp. 140-141 (Aiane, Samos no. 277, p. 116, fig. 9, pl. 57 (possibly Attic); EphesosIX, ii/ii, B 96-B 99, pp. 38-39, 50-51, IV, Macedonia); Patsiada nos. 1990, 1, 3-12, pp. 142-147, figs. 1-5, pls. 49-51 (Rhodes);Hiibner 1984, T10-159, p. 180, pls. 46,47; 7 fig. (Be?ik-Tepe);Ducrey, Hadjimichali, and Picard 1976, no. 71 L 538, p. 260, fig. 5 (Lato);TarsusI, no. 137, p. 221, figs. 127, 183, and fig. 127:B, C; SamariaIII, nos. 1-5, pp. 243-244, fig. 47; HESamaria,Vy.4.j, k, p. 297, fig. 173:1, 2; BCH 99, 1975, pp. 846-848, fig. 72 (from Soloi on Cyprus).

154

FORFOODSERVICE 7. VESSELS

RIM(838-846; see Graph 6) OFFSET' PLATE: A large and elegant plate, characterizedby a broad, offset rim, in the manner of conventional modern plates, is represented at the Agora by fourteen Attic examples. It is a distinctive shape, known also in Italian Campana wares and in Eastern SigillataA.30The rims of Attic black-glazed examples always slope towards the inside and are usually concave on top. The edge is normally slightlyraised, never trulymolded as it is in many ESA plates. The body may be shallow (e.g.846) or deep (e.g. 843, 844) and rests on a ring foot measuring about one-third the diameter of the rim. The foot resembles that of the plate with upturned rim discussedbelow: often angular at the top (e.g. 838, 841) and commonly with a grooved resting surface. Rouletting always appears on the floor. The glaze is normally a metallic black, sometimes splotchy,and almost alwayswith a stackingcircle, but two pieces are fired red. These plates, whether in Attic black glaze or in other wares, are always large; examples range from 23 to 39.5 cm. in diameter, with the median at 29 cm. It is clear, then, that they were intended as fine serving platters. The relatively small number of examples no doubt reflects this function, as well as the fact that they were tricky to make and thus probably more expensive than other plates. The range in date is fairly narrow. The earliest example comes from Group D (838); its worn resting surface attests lengthy use before discard and suggests it was manufactured early in the third quarter of the 2nd century. Five plates in Group E (see 839) show that the platter grew in popularity as the century progressed. Other examples come from Sullan destruction and cleanup debris (843-846), bringing production down at least to 86. Three examples were found in Group F: one Attic (842), one of Campana B ware (1638), and one in Eastern SigillataA (P 11850 [AgoraV, F 5]). Robinson excluded the two black-glazed plates as earlier intrusions, and in view of the absence of the shape in black glaze in other late-lst-century deposits, this is probably correct. Moreover,in shape 842 is not unlike plates from earlier contexts. Manufacture of these platters may thereforebe dated ca. 150-86, with a floruit towards the end of that period. Within this range little evolution can be detected. 838 is remarkablycrisp in its profile, as one might expect at the beginning of a shape series. Pieces from Sullan contexts have slightly wider rims than plates in Groups D and E, and some have a more relaxed profile. These plates stand out from normal Attic products in their taut, metallic profile as well as in the careful treatment of the foot, unusual at this period. This suggests that they were made in imitation of imported vessels. Morel has argued convincingly that plates of Campana B ware, which originated in Etruria in the first half of the 2nd century, served as models for the shape in Eastern Sigillata A,31 and it seems likely that Athenian potters copied them as well. In this connection it is particularlyinterestingto find two Campana B plates of this shape (1638, 1639) among the few Italian imports at the Agora. RIM(847-853; PLATE:UPTURNED

see Graph 6)

This unusual shape is represented by only twelve inventoried examples. It is characterized a by low, upturned, nearlyvertical rim that runs smoothly into the floor. The plates rest on a fairly 30

Campana A: Morel 1986, nos. 11-13, p. 464, fig. 2. Campana B: Morel 1986, nos. 68-74, p. 472, fig. 13; Morel 1981, nos. 1443h 1, 1445a 1, pp. 114-115, pls. 18, 19. Close to Campana B: Morel 1986, nos. 131-136, pp. 480-481, fig. 22. Campana C: Morel 1981, no. 1442b 1, p. 114, pl. 17. Eastern Sigillata A: SamariaIII, no. 5, p. 294, fig. 66:5; HamaIII, ii, Form 3, pp. 78-80, fig. 33; AntiochIV, i, Form 137, p. 24, pl. IV:137p and, in "black ESA", Form 27, p. 12, pl. II; TarsusI, nos. 252, 253, p. 231, fig. 188 (with reference also to black-glazed fragments); Cornell 1981, pp. 164-166, pl. 22; and, at the Athenian Agora, P 11850 (AgoraV, F 5, p. 11, pls. 1, 60). 31 Morel 1976, pp. 493-494.

ONE-HANDLER

155

small ring foot, usually about one-third the diameter of the plate. About half of the plates have flaring feet with plain resting surfaces (847-849). The others have a more elaborate foot, with carefully grooved resting surface and sometimes an angularprofile (850-853). Some are shallow and platelike (e.g. 850), others deeper and more like bowls (e.g. 848). The floor is decorated with a circle of rouletting. All but 849 are large, with diameters ranging from 20 to 31 cm. The small number of examples, the homogeneity of the group, and the contemporaneity of their contexts indicate a short life span for this shape in Attic pottery. All but one were found in deposits definitely associated with the Sullan sack. The exception (847) comes from the upper fill of D 17:5, a deposit that may be pre-Sullan but not by much, for it also contained a semiglazed bowl with outturned rim (P 19946), a type not attested before ca. 110. The plate with upturned rim does not appear among the many plates of various shapes in Group E, and its production was probably limited to the years ca. 110-86. As a black-glazed shape it is virtually unknown on other eastern Mediterranean sites,32although it does seem to have had some currency in gray ware (1604, 1605). It was more popular in Italy, where it was produced in Campana wares and Etruscan black glaze.33 Italian models were imported to Athens; two have been found at the Agora (1641, 1642), the latter in a deposit of the second quarter of the 2nd century, and it seems likely that the Attic plates, like the plates with offset rims discussed above, originated in imitation of western imports.34The unusual grooved foot found on half of the plates, similar to the foot of the plate with offset rim, is another factor that suggests foreign inspiration. COMPARTMENT PLATE(854, 855)

Two black-glazed plates were divided by ridges into compartments, like plates in an oldfashioned diner. From the two examples it is possible to reconstructa plate with a central circular compartment surrounded by wedge-shaped ones. They are large serving platters, which would have been convenient for "fingerfoods"and condiments;a religiousfunction is also not precluded. ONE-HANDLER (856-865; see Graph 6) It is a matter of debate whether the one-handler was used for liquids or solids. It could have functioned as either a drinking cup or a food bowl, and one example was pierced to serve as a strainer.35 Possibly because of this versatility,it was one of the most popular shapes of the 4th century.36It was nearing the end of its development at the beginning of the Hellenistic period, but both the shallow black one-handler and the less common deep version of the shape probably 32

See HistriaII, XXXVII:19, 20, p. 195,pl. 95, therecalledAtticbutpossiblylocal(seeMorel1981,p. 150,under Type2234c). On thebasisof theWestSlopeamphoraXXXVII:8,the tombin whichtheywerefoundprobablydates in the secondhalf of the 2nd century,althoughit is placedin the mid-2ndcenturyin the publication(HistriaII, p. 412). Otherblack-glazedplateswithverticalrimsaremorecloselyrelatedto the EasternSigillataA forms,which have a higherrim:cf. HamaIII, ii, no. 32, p. 8, figs.4, 5 (possibly"blackESA").Forthe EasternSigillataA form see Samaria III, Form1, nos. 1-14, pp. 312-314, fig. 73 and Lapp 1961,Type 253.1, p. 214, mostlylaterthanthe Agoraplates. 33 Cf.Morel 1981,Types2234a,b, d-g, p. 151,pl. 37;Bats1988,nos.384-419, pp. 111-112,pl. 13,nos.756-767, pp. 137-138, pl. 24. 34 For importedItalianplatesof thisshapeon otherGreeksitessee Romano1994,nos.33-36, pp. 74-76, figs.6, 7, 19 18, pls. (Corinth);Morel 1986,nos. 78-80, p. 473, fig. 15;nos. 119, 120,pp. 477-478, fig. 19 (Delos). 35 P 7745 XII, no. 768, p. 291, pl. 30). (Agora 36 Forthe earlier historyof the shapesee Agora XII, pp. 124-127.

156

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survived into the early years of the 3rd century. Only eleven examples of the shallow shape have been inventoried from deposits laid down after 300, and many of these are fragmentary; they are all but lacking from early Hellenistic deposits elsewhere.37 An intact and unworn example from a context of the last quarterof the 4th century (856) has a slightlyconcave upper body and a fairly wide foot. Similar features appear on 857, but the more triangularhandle suggests that it could be a bit later. Small feet and stronglyconcave upper walls are featuresof the last stage of the development (858-860). The deep variety (861-865) is similarin shape to the deep echinus bowl but usually has a narrower foot. Only six inventoried examples come from deposits discarded after ca. 300. Profiles and proportions vary, but 3rd-century one-handlers may be recognized by their plain resting surfaces. On one piece (865) the handle was placed in an unusual position, somewhat below the rim.

BOWL, SMALL BOWL, AND SALTCRTJTAR RIM(866-959; see Graph 6) BowL:OUrruRNED The bowl with outturned rim is one of the most common shapes of the Hellenistic period; indeed, there is scarcely a site at which it does not occur.38 At Athens it was the most popular form of bowl, with close to half again as many inventoried examples as its major competitor, the echinus bowl.39 Statisticsare even more strikingfor the fragmentarymaterial in the context pottery, where there are more than twice as many bowls with outturned rims as echinus bowls. Tallies suggest that the echinus bowl was preferredthroughout much of the 3rd century but that around 225 the popularity of the bowl with outturned rim began to grow quickly. It is three times as common as echinus bowls in 2nd-century deposits and makes up over 85 percent of the bowls in Sullan deposits.40The shape was manufacturedin three varieties:Classical, Hellenistic, 37 One certain and seven probable fragmentsof shallow black one-handlers were found at the Vari house (Jones,

Graham, and Sackett 1973, nos. 24-26, p. 377, fig. 6, pl. 72). Several rim fragments probably from shallow onehandlers were recoveredin an early Hellenistic deposit at Eretria(I. R. Metzger 1984, I.3b.6, 11, 15, 18, 19, pp. 206, 208, figs. 2, 3); for the date of the deposit see note 69 below. No one-handlers have been published from the Dipylon Well or from Koroni, Demetrias, or the Chatby cemetery in Alexandria. 38 Examples may be found in almost every publication of Hellenistic pottery. For discussions of the shape as it VII, iii, pp. 33-34; Kabirion III, pp. 43-44; Veroia, develops on other sites, see Corinth pp. 130-131; PF II, pp. 35-36; EphesosIX, ii/ii, pp. 19-20; SamariaIII, pp. 244-248; IkarosII, i, pp. 17-20. Attic imports are frequently noted, mostly among 4th-century and early Hellenistic pieces: e.g., EretriaII, I.3b. 1-4, p. 51, pl. 9; Anderson 1954, possibly no. 145, p. 147, fig. 15 on p. 178, and nos. 196, 197, p. 151, pl. 12:b (Chios); TarsusI, no. 2, p. 210, figs. 119, 178; AntiochIV, i, nos. 40, 41f, p. 12, fig. 2:9, 10, pl. II; DuraIV, i, ii, nos. 8, 10, 13, pp. 3-4; SamariaIII, nos. 2-5, pp. 243, 247, fig. 48; Bats 1988, nos. 37-45, pp. 85-86, pl. 2 (Olbia, in Provence). A general trend of development, parallel to that at Athens, towards a smaller foot, more angular profile, and deeper bowl is noted on many sites. 39 Forother Attic examples see Schlorb-Vierneisel1966, no. 188:2, p. 103, fig. 10, pl. 61:5; Vanderpool, McCredie, and Steinberg 1962, nos. 26, 43, pp. 35, 38, fig. 8 on p. 40, pl. 20; Braun 1970, no. 166 a-d, p. 153, fig. 16 on p. 164, pl. 68:4; Charitonides 1981, A. 275, p. 179, fig. 4:[i, A. 252, A. 289, pp. 181, 182, fig. 5:t, o; I. R. Metzger 1973, nos. 41-54, pp. 50-53, fig. 3, pl. 10; and possiblyJones,Graham, and Sackett 1973, p. 377, under no. 26, fig. 6. 40 This preference is also suggested by published material from Chios (Anderson 1954, pp. 178-179, figs. 15, 16) and Knossos (Homann-Wedeking 1950, pp. 177-179). Drougou and Touratsoglou note that the popularity of the bowl with outturned rim increased throughout the Hellenistic period (Veroia,p. 130). The echinus bowl, however, seems to have been more popular at Corinth (CorinthVII, iii, pp. 29-34), Thebes (Kabirion III, to judge from catalogued examples, pp. 134-135, pl. 13), Pergamon(PF II, p. 37), Tarsus(TarsusI, p. 156), Hama (HamaIII, ii, p. 9), and Samaria (SamariaIII, p. 246).

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and semiglazed. The earliest, which begins in the 5th century,41has stamped decoration on the floor, a reserved resting surface, and a reserved band or scraped groove at the junction of foot and body. The Hellenistic type is simpler: totally glazed and almost always without stamps. On the semiglazed variety only the inside and upper outer wall are glazed. These three, variations on what remains essentially the same shape, succeed one another but dovetail, so that there is considerable chronological overlap. CLASSICAL TYPE(866-904)

Bowls of the Classical type have a ring foot with convex outer profile and reservedor partially reserved resting surface. The lower wall is convex (earlier,nearly horizontal), the upper wall concave (earlier,nearly vertical). The transition between these two sections is smooth, with a tendency to slight angularitydeveloping at the end of the series. The bowls range from 9 to 30 cm. in diameter, with over 65 percent measuring between 11 and 15 cm. A diameter of 12-13 cm. is the most common; 31 of the 105 inventoried examples fall within this range. Bowls of the later 4th century (866-868) are characterizedby a nearly vertical foot, usually with a grooved resting surface, and a projecting or outwardly thickened rim with a "bird-head" profile.42There is a reservedline on the body at the point where it meets the foot, and the upper wall is straight. Linked palmettes inside rouletting or rouletting alone are common decorative schemes. The glaze is generally lustrousblack, often with a red stacking circle on the floor. Around 300 the grooved resting surface was abandoned, the reserved band on the body replaced by a scraped groove, and a monotonous scheme of four palmettes within rouletting substituted for linked palmettes. The underside no longer has a graceful nipple but is convex or slightly pointed and usually meets the inner face of the foot at an angle. The profile of the rim is more relaxed, becoming a simple continuation of the curve of the wall. These features can be observed on almost all bowls dating between ca. 300 and 125. The development within this span is difficult to follow, and there is considerable variation throughout. This is best illustratedby a comparison of bowls with the same stamps. Common sense decrees that such bowls should be closely contemporary,but their profilessometimes differ markedly:compare 871 and 872; or 880, 881, and 883. Sometimes there are differentdegrees of wear on a stamp, suggesting that one piece is in fact later than the other, but other variations must be attributed to casual workmanshipor to differentpotters using the same stamps. In the first quarter of the 3rd century the profile of the upper wall became concave and the rim flaring instead of projecting; a shallow shape was preferred (871-876). Shallow bowls continued to be made in the second quarter of the century and later (883, 884), but deeper bowls with a slightly overhanging rim began to be manufacturedca. 275 (e.g. 880-882). This type of rim was short-lived, rarelyoccurring on bowls made after ca.250. The quality of the glaze continued to be good. In the third quarter of the 3rd century the profile developed into a pleasing cyma curve, although a few bowls of this date have slightly angularprofiles. The rim is widely flaring, and the upper wall is very slightlyoffset from the floor on the inside, creating separatewall and floor areas. This feature subsequently disappeared, to reappear later, in the 2nd century. There is greater variation in the glaze, which ranges from black to brown to red;metallic sheen is common. Bowls from the lower fills of E 14:1 and N 21:4, some with the same stamps, illustrate this stage well (885-888). Two pieces (890, 891) may be placed in the last quarter of the 3rd century on the 41

42

See AgoraXII, pp. 128-130. an evocative term coined by I. R. Metzger (1984, p. 229). Vogelkopf-dhnlich,

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basis of their stamps and contexts;both have very small stamps, a feature that firstappeared at the end of the 3rd century. A group of somewhat larger and rather poorly glazed bowls probably dates between ca. 225 and 175 (e.g. 892, 894, 895). These are fairly deep, with a generous cyma profile. On half of them the palmettes of the floor are disproportionatelysmall. Smaller bowls of the later 3rd and 2nd centuries often show one or more of the following features:angular profile, poor glaze, very small palmettes (e.g. 899-903). Bowls of the Classical type were probably not produced after the third quarter of the 2nd century; only four inventoried examples come from contexts deposited after ca. 150.43 On one of the latest pieces (903) the wall is slightly offset from the floor, a feature well attested in contemporarybowls of the Hellenistic type. HFJ.FLNISTIC TYPE (905-949)

A simplerversion of the bowl with outturned rim began to be produced in the 3rd century. In shape it is like the Classical type, but the scraped groove at the base of the wall is omitted, the resting surface is glazed, and stamped decoration is very rare. Examples were found in Menon's Cistern (905, 906), placing the beginning of this variety before ca. 275. These bowls are less carefully made than those of the preceding type. Shape is variable and irregular,finger marks in the glaze are common, and glaze is occasionally omitted from the underside or foot (e.g. 905). The glaze is almost always of poorer quality than that on bowls of the Classical type found in the same contexts. This suggests that the Hellenistic type originated as a less expensive product that eventually took over to become the standard. There are about 140 inventoriedexamples at the Agora, which fall into four major groupings size. These groupings probably also existed for the Classical bowls, but they are not as by in clear-cut the preservedexamples. Small bowls (Diam. 8-10 cm.) probably served as saltcellars or condiment dishes; they comprise less than 10 percent of the total. What appears to be the "regular"size, making up over 80 percent of the total, has a diameter between 10 and 14 cm., a good size for olives, shelled nuts, and other dry foods.44 One example (P 22908 from H-K 12-14) served as a paint pot; traces of red pigment are still apparent on its interior surface. A few bowls of medium size (Diam. 15-20 cm.) could have been used for fruit, nuts, or cooked food; they make up 9 percent of the collection. Only three large examples survive (Diam. 25-27 cm.); they were clearly serving vessels. Stamped decoration is very rare, occurring on one regular and two medium-sized bowls.45 Two carry the usual scheme of four small palmettes within rouletting. 935 has a single, unusual stamp, applied off-center:an owl sittingrightwithin an olive wreath, reminiscentof the reversesof New Style coins and suggesting some official use of the vessel.46 It is best to begin with bowls of regularsize, since the large numberspreservedmake it possible to see general trends in their development, despite carelessmanufacture. In the earliest examples (e.g. 905) the foot is vertical or flaring. A concave or angularfoot profile can be observed on some examples of the third quarter of the 3rd century (e.g. 910). Thereafter vertical, flaring, angular, and concave feet all occur. The relative size of the foot also changes. On bowls made from the 43 901, 903, and 904 from deposits of the second half of the 2nd century; and 902 from Sullan debris. 44 It is generally accepted that the shape would be inconvenient for drinking (Technau 1929, p. 46), but its use as a drinkingcup is suggested in BCH 106, 1982, p. 726, caption to fig. 94. 45 935, P 19927 and P 19928 (D 17:4, lower fill). 46 the on Attic Compare stamps public measures (AgoraX, pp. 39, 40, 60, pl. 18). For New Style coins see M. Thompson 1961.

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early 3rd to the mid-2nd century the diameter of the foot is usually close to half that of the rim. On examples produced in the second quarter of the 2nd century and later, smaller feet with a diameter somewhat less than half that of the rim are common, although broader feet are also sometimes found. This smallerfoot is normal on examples dating at the end of the 2nd century,as well as on semiglazed bowls (see below). Development may also be observedin the body. Bowlsof the second quarterof the 3rd century are most commonly shallow and have a curved profile,although the curve is not very pronounced (906-908); angular bowls are less common (905, 909). In the second half of the 3rd century bowls with a good cyma-curveprofile,much like that of bowls of the Classicaltype (e.g. 911, 914), were produced alongside bowls with slightly angular profiles (e.g. 913). More shape variation was introduced in the late 3rd and 2nd century. Some bowls of this period retain the cyma curve (918, 919), some are more nearly hemispherical(917), and angularprofilesare much more common (920-923).47 More strongly angular profiles appear regularly on bowls made after ca. 175, and the upper body may flare widely (924, 925). Some bowls of the third quarter of the 2nd century show a strong differentiationbetween the floor and the wall (e.g. 927). This subsequently develops into a pronounced offset on the interior, with the upper body undercut by a groove running around the edge of the floor (e.g. 933, 934);48 it is very common on bowls in Thompson's Group E. A characteristicprofile of the late 2nd or early 1st century has a short, straight, nearly horizontal lower wall meeting a tall, straight or flaring upper wall at an angle (e.g. 935, 936). Along with these developments go changes in the proportions of the body. The average ratio of height to diameter for 3rd-centurybowls is 1:3.1. This ratio had developed by the second half of the 2nd century to 1:2.6. The average ratio of bowls in Group E, towards the end of the 2nd century,is 1:2.4. The shape gave way to the semiglazed variety by about 100; it is not common in Sullan destruction debris. Small bowls (937-940) more or less follow the development described above but are even less carefully made and thus more difficult to date. Early examples are shallow, later ones deeper. Angular profilesprobably date in the late 3rd century or later. The thirteen bowls of medium size (e.g. 941-947) are more carefully made and usually covered with a metallic black glaze. The earliest date in the late 3rd or early 2nd century, overlapping with bowls of similar size of the Classical type, which went out of use at that time. A cyma profile seems to have been preferred until ca. 175; angular profiles became acceptable thereafter,although curved ones still occurred. Only three large serving bowls have been inventoried. The example from the first quarter of the 2nd century has a curved profile (948), while those from the second quarterof the century are angular (e.g. 949). Although no later pieces are preserved, it is likely that the shape continued to be made in this size until the late 2nd century, when its function was taken over by large semiglazed bowls. SEMIGLAZED(950-959)

Semiglazed bowls took the place of glazed ones in the late 2nd and early 1st century.49 The most obvious difference is in the glazing; the bowls were dip glazed so that the glaze covers the 47 See also Braun 1970, nos. 166 a, c, d, p. 153, fig. 16 on p. 164, pl. 68:4, from Abschnitt VIII. 48 This development seems to take place earlierat Pergamon;see AvPXI, i, no. 176, p. 128, pl. 65, from Bauphase 9 of the Asklepieion, probably no later than the first quarter of the 2nd century. 49 Note, however,that semiglazing occurs and may even be the norm much earlieron other sites. See, for example, CorinthVII, iii, nos. 15, 16, 26, 27, 30, p. 31, pls. 43, 44, all dating before 146; Pfrommer 1985, nos. 40-42, p. 57, figs. 40-42 on pp. 70-71, pl. 21:3, where glazed and semiglazed bowls occur together at Miletos in a cistern of the

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interior and the upper exterior,often dribblingdown irregularlyover the lower part of the body. The glaze is usually dull. Three sizes are attested:regular,with a diameter of ca. 12 cm., existing in thirteen examples; medium (Diam. ca. 16 cm.), a single example; and large (Diam. 26-33 cm.), of which there are seven. The shape of the semiglazed bowl differsonly very slightlyfrom that of its glazed predecessor. In bowls of regular size the ring foot is sometimes replaced by a raised base (952-954), and the body is always angular. There is usually an offset on the interior, like that developed in glazed bowls of the late 2nd century. There are no semiglazed bowls in Group E, but they are much more common than fully glazed examples in Sullan and post-Sullan contexts. Probably they began to be manufactured at the very end of the 2nd century. One example in Robinson's Group F (P 11829) and the continued production of semiglazed bowls of large size throughout the 1st century suggest that the regular size, too, may have survived the Sullan sack. Some pieces probably of the advanced 1st century are made of very coarse fabric (953, 954) and are very poorly glazed, reflecting the poverty of the ceramic tradition at that time. The seven large bowls show more shape variation:the wall may be either angular or curved. The earlier ones, probably dating in the first third of the 1st century, are slightly smaller (Diam. 26-27 cm.) and have a broaderfoot and a less ungainly profile(e.g. 956). Later examples, with an average diameter of 31.6 cm., are deeper and have disproportionatelysmall feet and a widely flaring upper body, features that combine to make a singularlyawkward shape (e.g. 957, 958). These probably date from ca. 70 down into the Augustan period. 959 is unglazed but of similar shape and must also date in the 1st century on the basis of its context. BOWL:VERTICAL UPPERWALL(960-964;

see Graph 6)

Only six examples of this shape have been inventoried at the Agora. It is similar to the bowl with outturned rim, but the lower wall is nearly horizontal, the upper wall concave and approaching the vertical. The transition from lower to upper wall is usually smooth but may be angular (961), and the rim may be plain or flaring. Sometimes the floor is offset from the wall inside (963), as in some bowls with outturned rims dating in the second half of the 2nd century (e.g. 933, 934). Unusually for this time, the floor is often decorated, with either concentric circles (960, 962) or rouletting (963, 964). The glaze varies from black to red but is often thick and lustrous. Production of the shape at Athens seems to be confined to the third quarter of the 2nd century. Half of the Agora examples come from Group D (962-964), and the single piece in Group E50is very fragmentary,suggestingit was old when it was discarded. The rarity of this form at Athens, as well as its late appearance, suggests foreign influence. Bowls of this form are known in EasternSigillataA but not until the last quarterof the 2nd century, too late to have served as models for the Attic pieces.51 A similar shape appears to be quite common, however, in the Campana B ware of 2nd- and Ist-century Etruria,52where circles first half of the 2nd century; Anderson 1954, no. 217, p. 152, fig. 16 on p. 179, from a deposit on Chios dating before ca. 225. 50 P 3353 (H. A. Thompson 1934, E 45, p. 51 TarsusI, no. 290, p. 234, fig. 188, a "rare396). variation"(p. 175) coming from the bottom of the Hellenistic-Roman unit (mid-2nd to mid-ist century); SamariaIII, Form 21, nos. 1, 2, p. 336, fig. 81; cf. also no. 2, p. 294, fig. 67, from a Ist-century context; Cornell 1981, pp. 186-187, pl. 24, appearing 125-100 B.C. 52 Morel 1981, Series 1222-1226, pp. 93-94, pl. 7; the shape of the Agoraexamples is closest to Morel's Series 1224, known from 180/170 to the 1st century. Cf. also Taylor 1957, C 19c, pp. 181-182, pl. XXX, from Cosa.

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are also a common form of floor decoration. It seems likely, then, that we have here another instance, like the plates with upturned and offset rims (see pp. 154-155) and possibly the footed hemispherical bowls (see p. 164), of Athenian imitation of Italian shapes in the second half of the 2nd century. It is also possible, however,that some of these pieces are themselves imports:the fabric of 961 and 963 is remarkablyhard and darkfor Attic; that of 962 and 964 is surprisingly micaceous; and the glaze of 962-964 is of higher qualitythan was normal in 2nd-centuryAthens. ECHINUs BowL (965-1036; see Graph 6) Various types of bowls with incurved rims, all originating in the Classical period, occur at the Agora. The present section is devoted to echinus bowls of regular,medium, and large size. Very small echinus bowls are treated elsewhere,together with saltcellars(see p. 167 below). Small, broad-based bowls, which also have incurved rims but are distinct in size and foot type, are also discussed separately (p. 165). The echinus bowl53 was common in the 4th century, when it was manufactured in two varieties. A shallow bowl with stamped decoration on the floor and a reserved band marking the junction of ring foot and body appeared early in the century.54A deeper version of the shape, lacking the reserved band and the stamped decoration, was introduced somewhat later. The shallow form was preferredin the 4th century but was replaced by the deep form in the course of the 3rd century. Echinus bowls of the Hellenistic period at the Agora may be divided into three series with very little overlap between them: the shallow bowl of the Classical tradition;its Hellenistic form, a simplified version without stamping or reserved band; and the deep echinus bowl. Like the bowl with outturned rim, the echinus bowl was probably used for serving food.55 It waned in popularity after the early Hellenistic period. The ratio of echinus bowls to bowls with outturned rims in a deposit can therefore serve as a rough guide to date (see p. 156 above). SHALLOW: CLASSICALTYPE

(965-982) The Classical form of the echinus bowl, which was nearing the end of its development in the late 4th century,is representedbyjust under fiftyinventoriedspecimens dating within the limits of the Hellenistic period. This type of bowl seems to have had various uses, for there is a wide range in size, from 9 to 27 cm. in diameter. Over half of the bowls, however,are of moderate size (Diam. 11-15 cm.) and were probably used for individual servings of food. Pieces in the catalogue are 53 G. R. Edwards' more convenient term VII, iii, p. 29) has been adopted here in place of Sparkes and (Corinth Talcott's "bowl with incurving rim." Note that Rudolph (1978, nos. 14, 15, p. 216, fig. 3) uses the term "echinus bowl" for more complicated shapes of bowl with inturned rim. The shape is virtually ubiquitous in the eastern Mediterranean. Discussion of its development may be found in CorinthVII, iii, pp. 29-33; KabirionIII, pp. 41-43; PF II, pp. 37-38; EphesosIX, ii/ii, pp. 18-19; TarsusI, pp. 156-157; PaphosIII, pp. 26-27; and IkarosII, i, pp. 15-17. Forother Attic examples of the shape see Schlorb-Vierneisel1966, no. 148:3, p. 87, pl. 57:3, 4, no. 152:2, p. 88, fig. 9, pl. 57:2, nos. 171:4-11, p. 96, pl. 59:5; Jones, Graham, and Sackett 1973, nos. 27-31, p. 377, fig. 6; VarouchaChristodoulopoulou 1961, no. 1, p. 336, fig. 7:a; Braun 1970, nos. 13, 104, pp. 134, 143, fig. 15 on p. 164, pls. 54:3, 58:1; Charitonides 1981, A. 271, A. 272, A. 262, A. 259, pp. 174, 181-182, figs. 3:X,5:v),0, ,i; I. R. Metzger 1973, nos. 38-40, p. 50, fig. 3, pl. 10. Attic examples also occur sporadically as imports: e.g., EretriaII, I.3a.1, 3, 18, pp. 49-51, pls. 8, 10; Anderson 1954, no. 115, p. 145, fig. 15 on p. 178, pl. 9:d (Chios); PF II, C 13, pp. 37, 43, pl. 4 (Pergamon);TarsusI, nos. 3-8, p. 210, figs. 119, 178; Bats 1988, nos. 17-36, pp. 84-85, pl. 1 (Olbia, in Provence). 54 AgoraXII, pp. 131-132. 55 Schafer (PF II, p. 37) sees it as a drinking cup; the lack of handles, incurved rim, variety of sizes, and the fact that it was not a very common shape in Athens suggest that the Athenians, at least, did not normally use it in this way.

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organized in three size groups: regular (Diam. < 13 cm.), medium (Diam. 13-15 cm.), and large (Diam. > 17 cm.). On bowls made before ca. 325 the foot profile is commonly plump and convex to the outside, although flaring feet already occur in the third quarter of the 4th century. A stubby,sometimes slightly flaring foot is common on 3rd-centurybowls (e.g. 980). Most 4th-century examples have nippled undersides;pointed or convex undersides appear only at the end of the series, on bowls made around 275 (976-978). The resting surface is reserved and grooved in earlier examples; a plain resting surface probably first appeared around 300. The band at the junction of body and foot is usually reserved on 4th-century bowls and scraped on bowls made after ca. 300. Arrangement in the Catalogue is more dependent on these details than on body shape, which is not very diagnostic. In general, however,there is development away from the plump, satisfying curve of the 4th century towards a straighterwall. Varying numbers of linked palmettes are common decoration on bowls made before ca. 325 but probably do not occur often after about 310. Thereafter,rouletting or four palmettes within roulettingwas universal. A circle at the center of the floor was abandoned around 300. The glaze is variable but shows marked deterioration on pieces made after about 300. A concentration of bowls with contrasting areas of black and red occurs in the late 4th and early 3rd centuries. Very few examples have metallic glaze. SHALLOW:HETLLNISTIC TYPE(983-992)

A simpler and more poorly made version of the shape, lacking stamped decoration and scraped or reserved grooves, was introduced in the last quarter of the 4th century,probably not long before 300; it coexisted with the stamped bowl but outlived it by perhaps twenty-fiveyears. The resting surface is ungrooved on all but three of the nineteen inventoried examples. The underside is convex or pointed, never nippled, and almost always at an angle to the inner face of the foot. The foot flares and is sometimes angular in profile. The degree of curvature in the wall and rim is variable, and the walls are thin. The group is uniform in size, with all examples falling between ca. 9 and 12 cm. in diameter. There is much variation in glaze, but only one piece has the thick black glaze common in the Classicalperiod (984). Most often the glaze is thin, frequently peeling, and two pieces are semiglazed (987, 992). This variety represents the end of the shallow echinus bowl in Athens. Only five examples were found in contexts laid down after 250, which probably representsthe terminal date of production. DEEP(993-1033)

The deep bowl, never very popular in the 4th century, came into its own in the Hellenistic period; it is represented by close to 100 inventoried vessels at the Agora. Sparkes and Talcott placed the earliestexamples in the third quarterof the 4th century,56but this date should perhaps be lowered, for the shape is represented in only one purely 4th-century deposit (D 17:12). It gained popularity in the 3rd century, replacing the shallow bowl altogether by the second half of the century. At the other end of its development, two bowls (1016, 1025) suggest that a semiglazed version was produced in the late 2nd and 1st century, analogous to the semiglazed bowls with outturned rim of that date. But the shape was largely replaced in the third quarter of the 2nd century by a more nearlyhemisphericalbowl with rouletteddecoration (see p. 164 below). 56

AgoraXII, p. 132.

BOWL,SMALLBOWL,AND SALTCELLAR

163

The most common size of deep echinus bowl is between 11 and 14 cm. in diameter. The shape development outlined below is based on examples of this size. The much less numerous larger (Diam. 14-26 cm.) and smaller examples (Diam. 8-11 cm.) probably follow the same evolutionary trends. Treatment of both of these is sometimes more summary,and details of shape and technique cannot be relied upon for dating. The earliestexample (993) has a flat, reservedrestingsurface, but thereaftera grooved resting surface was normal, at least through the early years of the 3rd century; later examples have flat or rounded restingsurfaces. The undersideon earlierpieces is usually nippled; this treatmentalso occurs on later bowls, but a convex or pointed underside was introduced in the early 3rd century and became regular by the second quarter of the century. The foot remained plump and convex to the outside through the first quarter of the 3rd century but then began to change. In the second quarterof the century and thereafter,a low foot with straightprofilebecame common (e.g. 1003, 1005, 1006). The decrease in relativediameter of the foot, noted as a useful chronological indicatorfor Corinthian bowls,57appearsto be less reliablein Athens. On bowls of the 4th century the diameter of the foot usually equals or exceeds 60 percent of the diameter of the body. Feet of later bowls are usually somewhat smaller, and a foot of less than half the diameter of the body is encountered more commonly on examples manufactured after ca. 240. But there are many exceptions. The earliest preservedbowl (993) has a very small foot, while some later vessels have broad ones (e.g. 1012, 1014). Shiny black glaze and combinations of red and black occur commonly on bowls from deposits laid down before 250, and metallic black examples cluster in the late 3rd and early 2nd century (although they are found earlier as well). Rouletting is extremely rare. It occurs once on a large bowl perhaps dating in the second half of the 3rd century (1021), then on a group of bowls dating in the second half of the 2nd century (1012-1014). The profile started out stolid and plump, with a pleasing, full curve (e.g. 994). Around 300 the point of greatest diameter began to climb higher (e.g. 996, 1018). This profile was maintained in the second quarter of the century; the bowls continued to be regular and well made but with thinner walls (e.g. 1002). In the subsequent stage (250-175) the wall became straighterand the shapes more irregularand variable (1003-1010). Nice, full curves, however,continued to appear from time to time through the first quarter of the 2nd century (e.g. 1007). At the end of this period bowls with a very straightwall and a sharply incurved rim, nearly horizontal on top, were produced (e.g. 1011, 1022); this type of rim seems to be characteristic of pieces dating in the second quarter of the 2nd century and perhaps later (e.g. 1023, 1024, 1033). Very few echinus bowls have been found in deposits dating after ca. 150, when the shape was largely replaced by the footed hemisphericalbowl (see below). Perhapsin response to the introductionof this new shape, the echinus bowl was reformulated around the middle of the 2nd century, when a few bowls with deep, curved profiles and rouletted floors were produced (1012, 1013). The rouletting that commonly appears on these was probably imitated from hemispherical bowls, which are of similar size and usually have rouletted decoration. The two glazed echinus bowls dating later in the 2nd century (1014, 1015) also seem to imitate the new shape and are more nearly hemispherical than their predecessors. Three late Hellenistic semiglazed bowls are preserved, two with a nearly hemispherical profile derived from the latest glazed examples (1016, 1025), one deep, with a straightwall (1017), but the shape was by this time a rarity. 57 Corinth VII, iii, pp. 30-31.

164

7. VESSELS FOR FOOD SERVICE

LARGE,WITH GROOVEDWALL(1034-1036)

Three large echinus bowls (Diam. 21-27 cm.) vary from the canonical shape in their proportions (much shallower than normal) and in the glazed groove applied to the exterior wall at about half height. All three probably date within the first quarter of the 2nd century, 1034 near its beginning, and 1035 and 1036, with their much straighterwalls, close to 175. BEVELED BowL (1037, 1038; see Graph 6)

Two bowls are related to the echinus bowls with grooved bodies by their proportions and the grooves (here scraped) on the walls. On these, however, the wall is thickened at the top and the exterior profile of the rim more angular than is normal on echinus bowls.58 Both bear rouletting and stamped decoration. The two are closely similarand probablycontemporary,dating perhaps around 175. Fragmentsof about a dozen more bowls of this shape were noted among the context pottery of several 2nd-century deposits, but it was clearly very rare. BOWL FOOTED HEMISPHERICAL (1039-1044; see Graph6) The footed hemisphericalbowl,59 of which eight examples are inventoried, largely replaced the echinus bowl around the middle of the 2nd century. The earliest example comes from Thompson's Group D (1039) and dates shortly after the middle of the 2nd century. It has an inwardly beveled rim and a widely spreading foot and is decorated with four small palmettes within rouletting. All these features are unusual for Attic pottery of that time, and here, as with other shapes in Group D, one may suspect some outside influence, although it is difficult to pinpoint a prototype. The profile of both the body and the foot of 1039 is closely paralleled in Samaria Form 16 in Eastern Sigillata A.60 The red bowls, however, have usually been dated later and viewed as imitations of the Attic shape instead of the other way around.61An analogous shape occurs in Italy,62where the inwardly beveled rim is similar to that on 1039 and 1040, but here, too, the closest parallels are later than the Attic bowls. Within the Agora group there is considerable variation. The foot is sometimes a plain ring but twice has a groove in its outer face (1040, 1042) and twice is faceted (1043, 1044). The body is usually hemispherical,but two bowls are conical (1043, 1044), and the rim may be either plain or inwardly beveled. Very fine rouletting, sometimes in conjunction with a glazed groove and once with palmettes, usually appears on the floor, and this, together with their good glaze and careful shape, sets these vessels apart as superiorproductsof a quality unusual in the 2nd century. Three bowls without rouletting and of less careful manufacture are nonetheless approximately contemporary,presumablycheaper versions of the same shape (1040, 1042, 1044). The shape continued until the time of the Sullan sack. Pieces in 2nd-century contexts are well glazed, but those associated with Sullan debris are made of poorer fabric (1042, 1044). 58

The shape appears in a gray ware at Samaria (SamariaIII, no. 6, p. 253, fig. 51;cf. also no. 9, p. 222, fig. 37, without the groove). 59 Similar shapes are found in black glaze at Samaria (SamariaIII, pp. 259-260, fig. 53:2, 3) and in Italy (Morel 1981, Types 2789b, c, p. 226,pl. 74; Series 2922, p. 236,pl. 79; Series 2978, p. 243,pl. 84). 60 Cf. SamariaIII, no. 1, 332, p. fig. 80. See also TarsusI, nos. 271-289, pp. 233-234, figs. 137, 188, with 188:D; HamaIII, ii, pp. 113-114, fig. 45; Burkhalter1987, no. 157, p. 384, fig. 16. 61 Lapp dated the ESA bowls (his Type 251.2) between 75 B.c. and A.D.20 (Lapp 1961, p. 211), but a more recent estimate pushes their beginnings back to the middle of the 2nd century (Cornell 1981, p. 114). They are among the earliest shapes to be made in ESA (SamariaIII, p. 334; HamaIII, ii, p. 113). 62 Morel 1981, Type 2985a, p. 245,pl. 85, probablydating to the first half of the 1st century.

BOWL,SMALLBOWL,AND SALTCEL.T.AR1

165

BOWL: SMALL RIM(1045-1049; see Graph 6) PROJECTING A small or medium-sized, shallow bowl with a broad, outwardly projecting and nearly horizontal rim was made sporadicallyfrom the late 5th century onwards63but had a brief moment of limited popularityin the early Hellenistic period. The seven inventoriedAgora pieces fall into two groups:bowls with a normal ring foot with grooved, glazed restingsurface(1045-1047) and those with a broad resting surface, probably borrowed from small broad-based bowls (1048, 1049). The first group, continuing the morphology of the Classical examples, is slightly earlier,dating in the last quarter of the 4th century and possibly the early years of the 3rd. The other variety may be placed slightly later on the basis of the glazed resting surface, a feature first encountered on broad-basedbowls at the very end of the 4th century. The loose profileof 1049 and its context place it at the end of the development of the shape, which went out of production around 275. SMALLBOWL:BROADBASE(1050-1063;

see Graph 6)

A small, shallow bowl of very uniform size (Diam. 8-10 cm.) and characterized by a heavy ring foot with a broad resting surface enjoyed great popularity in the 4th century and continued to be made in the early Hellenistic period.64 Shape is of little use in dating here, except that the latest examples have a very straight and thin wall (1062, 1063). On bowls of Classical date, the resting surface is carefully reserved, a feature that continued down to the end of the 4th century. It is nearly universal on bowls from the Tholos debris and from the building fill of the Square Peristyle (e.g. 1051, 1053), both deposited in the very earliest years of the 3rd century. But a few pieces with glazed resting surfacesare included in the debris of Building Z in the Kerameikos, indicating that total glazing had already begun before the destruction of that structure before ca. 307. Both of the bowls from Menon's Cistern65 and all but one of the eleven bowls from deposit E 3:1 have glazed resting surfaces (e.g. 1054, 1055, 1058-1061; the single exception is P 7755), attesting that this was the normal treatment in the 3rd century. Stamped decoration consisting of four palmettes at the center of the floor is very common on bowls with reserved resting surfaces but occurs only three times on bowls with glazed resting surfaces (e.g. 1054) and was presumably abandoned around the end of the 4th century. The shape probably did not survivebeyond the middle of the 3rd century. SALTCFT.TAR (1064-1089;

see Graph 6)

CONCAVE WALL(1064-1066)

The development of the saltcellarwith concave wall, a Classicalshape that survivedonly into the earliest part of the Hellenistic period, has been outlined in AgoraXII;66 it remains here only to discuss the date when it went out of production. Only fourteen of the approximately forty inventoried examples come from Hellenistic contexts, and many of these are early intrusions. They show little or no development beyond pieces from contexts of the third quarter of the 4th century,67suggesting that the shape was near its end at that point. Perhapsthe comparatively thin walls of 1064 and 1065 are characteristicof its last stages. The shape is absent from the 63

AgoraXII, p. 135. 64 AgoraXII, p. 135; for a similar shape in Italian black glaze see Morel 1981, Series 2716, p. 209, pl. 67. 65 P 28131 (Stella G. Miller 1974, no. 33, p. 234, fig. 4, pl. 32), P 29327. 66 AgoraXII, pp. 136-137. 67 E.g. P 12821 (AgoraXII, no. 937, p. 302, fig. 9, pl. 34 [O 18:2]), P 30803 and P 30911 (R 13:11), and P 29123 (J 5:1, VII).

166

7. VESSELSFOR FOOD SERVICE

Dipylon Well, from the VanriHouse, and from Koroni, nor is it found at Demetrias, founded by Demetrios Poliorketes in 294, or in the early Hellenistic cemeteries at Alexandria.68 A single battered and fragmentaryexample was found in Menon's Cistern (1065) and was probablyold at the time of discard.69It is likely,then, that the shape ceased to be manufacturedaround 315. The slightly projecting rim of 1066 perhaps shows the influence of the spool saltcellar. SPOOL (1067-1074) A largersaltcellar70of somewhatdifferentprofilewas introducedduring the last quarterof the 4th century. Seven have been inventoriedat the Agora, four in black glaze (1067-1070) and three in West Slope technique (1071-1073). The broadlyspreading,projectingfoot flows continuously into the lower wall and is balanced by a wide rim, convex on top and slightly downturned. The resting surface is wide and inwardlybeveled, the underside convex or pointed. The black-glazed pieces have a nearly straight wall, leaning out towards the top. The West Slope saltcellars are lower and have a more uniformly concave wall, giving an overall impression of squatness. They are also smaller than the black-glazed spools, though larger than Classical saltcellars. An olive garland appears on the top surface of the rim and, on 1072, on the broad resting surface as well. 1067-1069 make a uniform group, while the fourth black example, 1070, is smaller and has a slightly differentfoot. The West Slope pieces, too, are very homogeneous. This high degree of uniformity suggests a short period of production. The contexts of 1067-1069 suggest that they were manufacturedsometime within the range ca. 325-295.71 This impression is supported by the appearance of the shape in the Chatby and Hadra cemeteries in Alexandria,72 with material that cannot date before ca. 330. Of the West Slope pieces, only 1071 comes from a closed, early Hellenistic deposit, the backfilledfoundation trench for the south outer wall of the Square Peristyle,which contained materialranging in date from the 4th century to the end of the first quarter of the 3rd century; a West Slope saltcellar from Eretria was found in a precisely contemporary deposit.73 These saltcellars, then, are products of the early Hellenistic period, briefly replacing the Classical saltcellarthat went out of production around 315. A variant, present in a single example (1074), has a flat bottom and a projecting foot set off from the body by a scrapedgroove. The glaze and the thin wall point to a date in the middle of the 3rd century. 68

Pagenstecher 1913, p. 139, fig. 144:e could be a saltcellarof this type, but the drawing more closely resemblesa spool saltcellar. 69 There are also two concave saltcellarsfrom an early Hellenistic deposit at Eretria(I. R. Metzger 1984, I.3d. 1, 2, p. 208, fig. 3), found with kantharoidating as late as ca. 275 (I. R. Metzger 1984, I.6.2, 5-8, p. 209, figs. 3, 4). 70 Vessels of this shape have sometimes been called pyxides, but there is no provision for a lid, nor is there wear on the upper surfacewhere a lid would have rested. 71 For detailed discussion of black-glazed saltcellars of this shape, see Rotroff 1984b, pp. 343-354. To the comparanda cited there (p. 351, notes 55, 56) add Arapogianni 1990, Tomb IV, no. 12510, p. 109, fig. 21, pl. 40:a, from Boiotia; Keramopoullos 1932, no. 48, p. 64, fig. 19:3, from Florina; HESamaria,Type VP. 1, p. 294, fig. 172:7; Adriani 1940, no. 10:2, p. 72, pl. XXVIII:10, from the Hadra necropolis in Alexandria;Pagenstecher 1913, p. 142, the d latter from Alexandria;and Cyrene fig. 151 and perhaps p. 139, fig. 144:e, the for III, iii, nos. 48, nos. 134-137, p. 55). Also similar 49, p. 6, fig. 4. Fourwere found in Tomb II at Vergina(Treasures Macedonia, ofAncient in shape, but with a slightly different foot, are EretriaII, 1.4.2, 3, p. 52, pl. 11. Additional West Slope examples have been found in Athens (Aekx 29, 1973-1974, B' 1 [1979], p. 43, pl. 51:S), Eretria (I. R. Metzger 1984, 11.35, p. 214, fig. 5, pl. 64), Kozani (BCH 85, 1961, p. 782, fig. 16), Aiane, Macedonia (Drougou 1991, p. 145), and Ras Shamra (RasShamraI, no. 124, p. 118, pl. 66). 72 Sciatbi,pl. LVI:116; see also note 71 above. 73 I. R. Metzger 1984, 11.35,p. 214, fig. 5, pl. 64. For the date see note 69 above.

BOWL, SMALL BOWL, AND SALTCELLAR

167

FOOTED (1075-1089)

This smallest form of the echinus bowl, with a diameter usually between 7 and 8 cm., enjoyed its greatest popularity in the 4th century but survived into the Hellenistic period.74 About fifty have been inventoriedfrom deposits of the second half of the 4th century and later; approximately half of these probably date after ca. 325. Fourth-centuryexamples have a grooved resting surface, a wall that is thickened near the top, and a very sharp lip. Earlierprofilesare curved (1075-1077), with a straighterwall developing towards the end of the century (1078, 1079). The groove was omitted from the resting surface beginning around 300, although it occurs on one slightly later saltcellar (1081). Pieces of the first quarter of the 3rd century have a thinner wall, but still somewhat thickened above, and the lip is still sharp (1081, 1082). Perhaps around 275 the wall thickness becomes uniform and the wall thinner. An early example of this stage is 1083, which retains the nippled underside of earlier saltcellars. On saltcellars of the second quarter of the century the profile is curved, the wall thin, the lip less sharp, and the underside either convex or pointed (1084-1089). Only eleven saltcellars of this type have been inventoried from Agora deposits dating after the middle of the 3rd century. Nine of these find parallels with earlier saltcellars, and the other two are probably imports (1744, 1745). It seems, then, that the shape did not survive beyond about 250. With its passing, Hellenistic diners were left without a small bowl for individual use of salt or other condiments; this suggests some change in cooking or eating habits. DEEPBowL:PROJECTINGRIM(1090-1105;

see Graph 6) A large, deep bowl with a projecting rim and a ring foot is present in only twenty-one inventoried examples, but the representationof the shape within context pottery suggests it was the commonest large black-glazed bowl in the Hellenistic repertoire.75The shape resembles the plain-ware lekane, but the bowls are usually fully glazed, and handles appear only on one of the earliest (1090).76 The range of diameter is 16.6-31.5 cm., with most examples falling between 23 and 30 cm. The vessel was probably used in food preparation or as a serving bowl or krater. At least one was adapted for use as a funnel or flowerpot (1099). Two holes pierced in the rim indicate that the bowl was stored hanging on the wall. The shape is virtually unknown outside of Attica.77 Two fragments were found in Menon's Cistern (1094, 1095), placing the inception of the shape before ca. 275. Small rim fragmentsalmost certainlyfrom bowls of this shape were found in F 11:2,78pushing the date back to the beginning of the 3rd century. Another rim fragment, very well glazed, comes from a significantlyearliercontext (O 18:2).79If it does indeed come from one of these bowls, production was alreadyunderwaybefore ca. 320. Large numbers, however,do not occur before the second quarter of the 3rd century. Two differenttypes of foot are attested. A simple ring foot, unglazed underneath, is typical of the smaller examples (1091-1093). The latest inventoriedpiece on which it occurs is in Group C 74 AgoraXII, pp. 137-138. 75 Fragmentsof approximately250 such bowls were tallied in context pottery. 76 For a handleless plain lekane see Braun 1970, no. 151, p. 151, fig. 27 on p. 186, pl. 66:2. 77 A semiglazed bowl, apparentlywithout handles, was found in a tomb at Vergina (Andronicos 1961, no. 1, p. 46, figs. 22, 25). For other examples from Athens see Braun 1970, no. 172, p. 154, pl. 68:1; I. R. Metzger 1973, nos. 80, 81, pp. 57-58, fig. 5, pl. 11. 78 There is one possible fragment in lot B 78-79 and a more certain fragment in lot B 84. 79 Stored in lot 17. il

168

7. VESSELS FOR FOOD SERVICE

(1093), but context material suggests it continued to be used on smaller bowls even later. Much more common is a heavy foot with a broad, flat resting surface 2 to 3 cm. wide, which provides greater weight and stability. The resting surface may be glazed or reserved, but this detail does not appear to be chronologicallysignificant. After ca. 175 a broad groove was sometimes added to the resting surface (1102-1105). The rim developed from nearly horizontal and flat on top in the 3rd century to convex and downturned in the 2nd; it is narrow on the latest pieces. The semiglazing of 1105 is also a late feature. Fragmentsof four bowls in the Sullan debris represented by the middle fill of cistern N 19:1 suggest that the shape may have continued to be made at least into the early 1st century,but no complete examples of such a late date are preserved. DEEP WEST SLOPEBOWL:PROJECTING RIM (1106)

A small bowl of the late 3rd or early 2nd century is apparently a novelty item, superficially resembling the black-glazedbowls discussed above. In the decoration, the shape of the rim, and the molded foot it resemblesa krater(compare,for example, 582), but the absence of handles and its small size put it in another category. DEEPBOWL:PLAINRIM(1107-1109;

see Graph 6)

Three deep bowls have a flaring ring foot and a slightly incurved rim accented by a scraped groove. They come from contemporaneous deposits, and the similaritiesbetween them suggest that they too are contemporary, probably dating in the first quarter of the 2nd century. A particularly interesting feature is the graffito below the rim of 1107: 6Xxr) FAAAn. This is presumably a commercial notation, giving the weight of the vessel when empty. The Agora has produced many such inscriptions,but all are on coarse amphoras orjars, commercial vessels used for liquids.80These open bowls, however,would not be appropriatestorage containers for liquids, and the lack of spout or handles makes them awkwardliquid measures. More likely they were informal dry measures. As such, they are very differentfrom other dry measures from the Agora, which are cylindricaland unglazed,81although it should be noted that no measuresof exactly this period have been identified. 1107 probablyweighed ca. 700 grams when complete, which divided by the 85 of the graffito gives a unit of measure of ca. 8.24 grams, slightly lighter than a coin didrachm (8.72 grams) and much lighter than the heavier commercial standards introduced in the course of the Hellenistic period.82 Two of the bowls (1107, 1108) are about the same size; the former, complete enough for rough measurement, holds ca. 266 cu. cm. If these bowls were in fact used as measures, a third bowl (1109), which is much smaller,may be a fractionalmeasure. It is very fragmentary,however,and may originallyhave had handles. If so, it would be very like two West Slope drinking cups of the second quarter of the 3rd century (162, 167), and it could be a later development of one of the rare shapes they represent. A similar shape, without handles and small in size but decorated in West Slope technique, occurs in Macedonia, where it may have served as a drinkingcup.83 80 AgoraXXI, pp. 64-68. 81 AgoraX, pp. 39-55, pls. 33, 34.

82 For the history of weight standardssee AgoraX, pp. 20-21. 83 Veroia, II 2151, p. 97, fig. 35 on p. 148, pl. 65; AncientMacedonia, nos. 280, 281, p. 323 (from Pella).

8 VESSELS FOR OIL HE CONFIGURATION of certain shapes and their relationship to earlier forms identifies them as vessels used for the storage and pouring of oil. That commodity, of course, had a wide variety of uses in the Hellenistic world. It was a dietary staple but also formed the basis of all perfume and of a number of medicaments and was the primaryfuel for lighting. Sometimes, as in the case of the large lekythos,it is certain that the vessel was used in the course of food preparation or service. Other vessels, like the fusiform unguentaria, probably contained perfumed oil and were used in bathing and personal hygiene. But several of the shapes presented here could have served as either cruets or perfume vessels or even as lamp fillers. All oil vessels have been grouped together here; the reader is referred to individual discussions for comments on their probable functions.

T

LEKYTHOS(1110-1125;

see Graph 7)

The Hellenistic lekythosdeveloped out of the globularversion of the black Deianeira lekythos of the Archaic and Classical periods.' The Hellenistic shape is characterized by a ring foot, a globular or ovoid body with its greatest diameter above mid-height, a fairly thin neck thrown onto the body separately, a strap handle, and a mouth of varying form, designed for pouring. In all these featuresthere is variation, much of it without chronological significance. The foot, for example, may be molded or plain on contemporarylarge examples. The lekythos is representedin the inventoryby twenty-nine pieces of Hellenistic date, as well as several early Roman ones. Although it was alwaysan oil container,a considerablerange in size suggests a variety of functions. Two very large pieces (1114, 1118) must have been used for storage. Even examples of medium size, such as 1110, 1111, 1115, and 1120, would have held a couple of liters and must also have been used for short-term storage. These larger vessels often have a thin wash on the interior, presumably to retard seepage, although experiments suggest that its effect would have been minimal. Fourteen pieces are considerably smaller (e.g. 1112, 1116, 1117, 1119, 1124), as are all the early Roman examples. They were normally not glazed on the interior, perhaps because the oil was not expected to remain in them for a long time. Possiblythey were for daily use in the kitchen or at the table. The state of preservationof the glaze on these lekythoi is very poor; even those pieces that were originally well glazed have usually not retained their glaze well, conceivably the effect of the oil they held.2 A remarkablylarge number of 2nd- and Ist-century examples have been fired red (e.g. 1116, 1121, 1125). The final stage of the Classical development is illustratedby 1110. The profile runs smoothly and continuously from the sloping shoulder into the substantial neck, which is provided with a drip ring. The broad, shallow mouth has no spout. The foot is fairly narrow (Diam./Diam. of foot = 1.7). That this shape was current in the 4th century is clear from an example found in O 18:2 (P 12702). The context of 1110, however,would allow a date as late as 275, and this phase may have continued for some time with little change. 1 Forthe precedentssee Agora XII, pp. 151-152. 2 Forthe effectsof oil on ceramics,and how to preventthem,see Frel1973,p. 9; Koehler1986,p. 52, note 15.

170

8. VESSELS FOR OIL

On 1111 the lip has been improved by pinching in the side opposite the handle to form a small spout. Perhapsin response to this, the drip ring has become less prominent. The contexts of this piece and others like it requirea date before the end of the 3rd century.3 1111 probablydates in the second quarter of the 3rd century, since a piece from AbschnittIII of the Dipylon Well is more advanced.4 Two small lekythoi (1112, 1113) may also be placed in the 3rd century on the basis of body shape. Their mouths, however, are deeper and narrower,pointing towards 2nd-century developments. The early years of the 2nd century saw a strikingchange in the mouth, which deepened and narrowed to form a bell shape. At the same time the drip ring was replaced by two grooves. The transitionfrom shoulder to neck became more abruptand was often markedby two grooves or an offset. A change in proportions accompanied these other developments;the feet of 2nd-century lekythoi are sometimes broader,particularlyin larger examples (Diam./Diam. of foot = 1.3-1.6), although the narrow foot also appears, particularlyon smaller lekythoi such as 1116 and 1119. The earliest example exhibiting these features is a large lekythos (1114) from a context of the first quarter of the 2nd century, and it is to this period that these innovations should be dated. This date is supported by the appearance in a contemporary deposit of an imported piece with similar characteristics (1747). On most 2nd-century lekythoi the sides of the bell mouth are nearly straight(e.g. 1120, 1121). The bell of 1115, however,bulges below and has a light groove below the lip. It bears a remarkableresemblanceto small one-handled dippers like 559 and 564, and perhaps the potter was influenced by them. The next change is in the neck. A lekythos (1117) from a context of the second quarterof the 2nd century has a very thin neck, while others of this period retain the more substantial neck of the 3rd century (1115, 1116, 1118). The thin neck, however, is the rule on lekythoi of the late 2nd and early 1st century (e.g. 1119-1121). On 1120 the handle has a pronounced central ridge, a feature that perhaps became standardfor large lekythoi in the 1st century; it occurs also on 1125, which dates to the first half of the 1st century. These pieces represent the ultimate development of the shape as conceived in the 3rd century. By the last quarter of the 2nd century a new variety of the shape, the side-pouring lekythos, had emerged. The salient featureis the placement of the handle at right angles to the spout. Along with this goes a smaller size, a shorter neck, and, eventually,a pronounced trefoil mouth.5 The earliest inventoried examples are 1122 and 1123; the straight-sidedmouth of the 2nd century is retained on 1123, but the mouth of 1122 shows a slight flare. With the development of a rather florid trefoil mouth in the early 1stcentury,the metamorphosisof the shape was complete (1124), and it continued in this same vein into early Roman times.6 The earliest Agora context for the side-pouring lekythos is Group E, attesting that the form was in use in Athens by ca. 110 B.C., but an example has been found in a grave in Macedonia that may be significantlyearlier.7The grave contained a hoard of forty coins, on the basis of which the excavator has dated the interment to 3 An imported piece from a contemporarydeposit shows the same features (1746). 4 Braun 1970, no. 105, p. 143, pl. 58:2. 5 The same development is documented elsewhere: cf. DelosXXVII, D 183, p. 257, pl. 47 (late 2nd to early 1st century); Massa 1992, no. 634, p. 218, pl. 122 (Lemnos, second half of 2nd century); Aekx 29, 1973-1974, B' 3 [1980], p. 798, pl. 587:a, 3, from an early-Ist-centurytomb in Maroneia (Thrace);and note 7 below. 6 Early Roman examples are P 2450, P 7307, P 9131, P 9132, P 17416, P 17418, P 21740, coming from four deposits dating fifty years on either side of the turn of the era (Q 13:1, B 21:16, R 10:1, D 11:1). 7 Poulios 1994, pp. 121-122, pl. 70:p.

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168-166 or a little later. If the identificationand dating of the coins is correct, this may constitute evidence for the development of the side-pouringlekythos earlier outside Athens. The side-pouring lekythos was of necessity a small shape, for a large vessel could not be handled in this way. One fragment of a large lekythos is preserved from the first half of the 1st century (1125); it shareswith the small pieces a short neck and flaring mouth, but the handle is placed opposite the spout, as practicalitydictates. DUCKASKOS (1126-1130; see Graph 7) Although Sparkesand Talcott included the unglazed askoi of this type among domestic rather than table wares,8 the fine finish of the pieces and the fact that the shape appears later in black glaze prompts their discussion here. The distinguishing features are a ring foot, duck-shaped body, flaring mouth, and basket handle. The body was made on the wheel as a deep bowl, then folded over at the top; the two edges usuallyjoin at a ridge. The shape was adopted by Attic potters in the late 5th century,but small askoi (H. ca. 8.5-11.0 cm.), almost certainly intended as perfume containers,were a specialtyof the second half of the 4th century and the early Hellenistic period. Normally they are glazed only on the interior and the rim, but one, probably the latest, is glazed outside (1130). The earliest small unglazed askos in this collection (1126) stands out from the others; it has a raised rather than a ring foot, is deeper, with a more tapering profile, and the profile of the mouth follows a continuous curve. The fabric is also somewhat darkerthan that of the others, and it may be an import. The other five examples from the Agora are squatter,with bulging profile and broad back. The rims are profiled on the exterior in a manner reminiscent of the mouths of early Hellenistic canteens (e.g. 1198, 1202). Unglazed duck askoi are found at the Agora in contexts containing material dating between the late 4th century and the middle of the 3rd century.9The most complete example, 1128, may be dated firmly in the firstquarterof the 3rd century on the basis of context. The slightlysquatter proportions,broader back, and larger base of 1129 may indicate a somewhat later date, perhaps in the second quarter of the 3rd century. No unglazed duck askoi have turned up in deposits laid down after ca. 240. The single glazed askos (1130) comes from a later context and differsin shape from the others. The foot is smaller, the body more swaybacked, the top broader, with a pronounced and somewhat ungainly ridge, and the handle is thinner and higher. A closely similar piece from Abschnitt V of the Dipylon Well supports the dating suggested by the context of 1130, between ca. 225 and 175. ARYBALLOS (1131-1139)

A miscellany of small jugs shares a number of features, the most uniform of which is size: between 7 and 9 cm. in height and diameter. All have short, thin necks and, where preserved, a flaring mouth. Except on 1133, the strap handle runs from the shoulder to the rim or just below it. The size, the small neck, and the flaringmouth indicate that they served as oil jugs, and their general similarity to blister-warearyballoil? suggests the name. The considerable variety in fabric and shape within this group indicates that some are imports, probably brought into Athens for the sake of the scented oil they once held. It is difficult, however, to draw a clear line between imports and local products. 8

AgoraXII, pp. 210-211. A much larger and coarser version, possibly an import, is representedby one fragment in a Hellenistic context (P 18765, from M 21:1). 9 Cf. also Braun I b of the Dipylon Well. 1970, no. 17, p. 135, pl. 54:2, from Abschnitt 10 Corinth VII, iii, nos. 750-775, pp. 146-148, pls. 35, 64.

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IMITATIONBLISTER WARE (1131)

Five wheelmade pieces from the Agora imitate the Corinthian blister-warearyballos rather slavishly.1l They have a broad, flat, reservedrestingsurface,a domed body with greatestdiameter very low, and sometimes an angular profile. The small neck supports a widely flaring mouth. A thick handle, oval in section, runs from shoulder to rim. Although these pieces are homogeneous in shape, they differ widely in fabric; only 1131 and one uncatalogued piece (P 26854) seem likely to be local products, and the others have been placed with imports (1749, 1750). Contexts suggest a date in the late 4th to the first quarter of the 3rd century for both local and imported examples. FOOTLESS(1132-1137)

A series of footlessjugs may representlocal successorsto the imitation blister-warearyballos. (For similar imported pieces see 1751-1753.) The bottom is flat or slightly concave and fully glazed, and the greatest diameter falls below mid-height. Except on 1133 the handles probably ran from belly to rim, as on blister-warearyballoi. The glaze is of varying quality, sometimes applied also to the interior. Three pieces come from contexts of the 3rd century and the first half of the 2nd; 1132 and 1133 are very squat, but 1134 is slenderer and pear shaped. A late Hellenistic version of the shape can be reconstructed from three fragments (1135-1137); it is similar to earlier pieces but more elongated. 1139) 1139 is similar to the footless aryballos but has a ring foot and is somewhat better made. There are no antecedents in earlierAttic pottery,but similarjugs have been found at Olynthos.12 The piece could be an import, but the glaze and fabric appear to be local. The context suggests a date between ca. 225 and 175. 1138 has quite differentproportions,thinner,with a narrowring foot and high shoulder. The upper handle attachment is preserved at the base of the neck. The handle may have nestled under a flaringrim, as on 1139. A parallelfrom Koroni suggeststhat the piece may date as early as the second quarter of the 3rd century.13 FOOTED (1138,

GUTTUS (1140-1154; see Graph 7) CLASSICALTYPE (1140-1142)

The guttus is a small oil jug with a heavy ring foot, a baggy body with the maximum diameter toward the foot, and a high, thin neck with a ridge at the base. There is a flaring mouth, and a grooved ring handle is attached to the shoulder. The Classical form of the shape survivedonly into the early years of the 3rd century. Virtuallythe entire range of this shape has been published by Sparkesand Talcott,14but observationsmay be made on the chronology presented there. On the evidence of Olynthos the shape begins well before 350.15 Pieces there are varied, but all have a fairly broad foot, which seems a genuinely early feature. Linear shape development is 11 For local imitations elsewhere see Abadie and Spyropoulos 1985, no. 5, p. 395, fig. 19; no. 3, 399, p. fig. 27; no. 1, p. 400, fig. 30; no. 4, p. 410, fig. 50; no. 1, p. 416, fig. 69; nos. 3-5, pp. 418-420, figs. 78-80; nos. 7, 8, pp. 442-443, figs. 140, 141. 12 V, pls. 171, 172; Olynthus XIII, pl. 169. Olynthus 13 Cf. Vanderpool, McCredie, and Steinberg 1962, no. 16, p. 35, pl. 21 (unglazed). 14 AgoraXII, p. 160, there called guttus-typeaskos. 15 For gutti at Olynthos see Olynthus V, nos. 813, 814, 820, 821, 823, 824, 826, 830, 834, pp. 224-226, pl. 172; nos. XIII, 411-415, 417-421, pp. 246-248, pl. 168. Olynthus

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difficult to trace; Sparkes'scriteria of decreasing foot diameter and increasing body height are a useful guide but should not be followed too slavishly.A broad foot was probably normal at least down to ca. 335, while pieces with a narrow foot are later. Both 1140 and AgoraXII, no. 119516 may be placed in the last quarter of the 4th century; they are quite similar in body shape and glaze, and both have relatively narrow feet with very broad resting surfaces. More advanced are 1141 and 1142, with even narrower feet and long, thin necks. The latter has a new type of resting surface for this shape, with a miltos-covered groove. This innovation suggests that it is the later of the two, dating perhaps around 285. This is also the only Classical example at the Agora with painted decoration, an ivy garland on the shoulder. The situation is parallel to that of the bowl-kantharos,where only one example of the plain-rimmedClassical type is painted (133), while painted decoration is regular on the new, Hellenistic varieties of the shape. The guttus from Koroni17 shows that the Classical version of the shape could still be in use, if not necessarilyin production, in the 260's. (1143-1154) Normal(1143-1151) Around the beginning of the 3rd century the guttus became a regularvehicle for West Slope decoration, including garlands,wreaths,or leaping dolphins on the shoulder and sometimes other motifs on the neck. At about the same time it underwent a number of changes in shape. The foot of this new Hellenistic version is a raised disk, slightly concave underneath. The body is angular,sometimes with a scraped groovejust above the point of greatest diameter, and the base of the neck is emphasized more strongly than before by grooves and offsets. The ring handle is retained, sometimes inset for greater strength(see 1146). No mouths are preserved,but examples from elsewhere suggest that they were similar to those of Classical gutti. The shape is not a tremendously numerous one at the Agora (where only eight are inventoried) or elsewhere, but isolated examples are found in many parts of the Heljenistic world.18 1143 is probably the earliest Hellenistic piece, dating near the beginning of the 3rd century. On it and to a lesser degree on the perhaps slightlylater 1144 the shoulder is still slightly curved, the profile not yet strongly angular. The decoration of both is still within the Classical tradition, although white has been used on 1144. All pieces dating after ca. 275 have straight shoulders and distinctlyangularprofiles. The rathersquat body proportionsof 1143 and 1144 are retained in 1145 and 1146. 1148 and 1150 have deeper bodies, possibly typical of middle Hellenistic gutti. The context of 1148 places it still withiinthe 3rd century. 1147 is close to it in shape; its decoration is allied to that on 3rd-century kantharoi (e.g. 246) and suggests a date in the third quarter of the 3rd century. 1149, probably contemporary, is the only piece that is not painted; instead the shoulder bears light rouletting. The taller body of 1150 suggests that it may be somewhat later, but with so few examples preserved such a development must remain HELLENISTIC TYPE

16

AgoraXII, p. 319, pl. 39 (P 19047).

17 Vanderpool, McCredie, and Steinberg 1962, no. 39, p. 37, pl. 21. 18 no. 36

479, p. 69, pl. E.g., Alt-AginaII, i, (possibly Attic); I. R. Metzger 1984, II.37, 38, p. 216, pl. 64 (Eretria); Demetrias no. 285, p. 326 (Pella);Vuckovic-Todorovic1973, I, no. 79, p. 106, pls. XXI:3 and 42:3; AncientMacedonia, p. 45, fig. 6 on p. 46 (Demir Kapija); Belov 1962, p. 167, fig. 28 (Crimea); Philimonos-Tsopotou 1986, no. 7338, p. 86, pl. 26:e and Philimonos-Tsopotou 1994, pp. 129-131, figs. 3, 4 (Nisyros);Anderson 1954, no. 254, p. 154, fig. 17 on p. 180 (Chios); Patsiada 1990, nos. 182-188, pp. 193-195, fig. 30, pls. 76:aT, C, 77:a, P (Rhodes); PF II, D 73-D 75, p. 62, pl. 19; EphesosIX, ii/ii, B 125-B 129, pp. 41-42, 53, pls. 57, 58; HESamaria,Type Va.2, p. 293, fig. 172:1; Watzinger 1902, p. 157, fig. 7 = Rostovtzeff 1941, I, p. 162, pl. XX (Egypt);Cyrene III, no. 47, p. 6, fig. 4.

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hypothetical. The latest piece is 1151, which returns to a low body but replaces the raised base with a ring foot. The decoration situates it in the Large Leaf Groups, and this, supported by context, dates the piece in the late 2nd or early 1st century. Withlion-head spout(1152-1154) Two gutti have lion-head spouts, like the askoi with strainer tops of the Classical period.19 The only complete example (1153) has a ring foot, a well-proportioned and not very angular body, and a pronounced ridge at the base of the neck. There is no mouth; instead the neck terminates in a pointed finial above a broad horizontal flange. The spout, which is a moldmade lion head, is placed at about 60 degrees to the grooved ring handle. The spout was attached to the wall with clay, which was scored to produce a dramatic mane, and pierced through the mouth from the outside. The striking thing about 1153 is the filling device, a central tube that runs up from the foot, communicating with the interior at the top. The guttus was filled by upending it and pouring liquid into the tube while holding the spout closed. This arrangement, which is found on similar vessels elsewhere, has led to some surprising and ingenious interpretations of its function (breastpump, hashish pipe, wine warmer,heater20),none of them very convincing. The decoration, with incised checkerboardand rectangles,is very unusual for Athens at this time, but the fabric and glaze appear to be Attic. Context dates the piece in the 3rd century,and the use of incision for these motifs pushes the date late in the century. Only two other inventoried pieces are related to 1153: a terracotta mold for a lion-head spout (1154) and a shoulder fragment with a lion-head spout (1152). The latter was open at the top, as a dribble of glaze on the interior attests, and it may have had a strainer top. The decoration places it in the Edwards Group, suggesting a date in the early second quarter of the 3rd century. LIDDEDGUTTUS(1155-1157)

A new type of guttus appeared in the later Hellenistic period. It has a ring foot, a low, open body wider at the bottom than at the top, and a wide mouth with a rim flanged to receive a lid. Small reversiblelids may have served as covers (e.g. 1304-1306).21 The ring handle of the earlier types is retained, and a lion-head spout is placed at 60-80 degrees to the handle, as in 1153. The shape is perhaps related to askoiwith strainertops, but there is a gap of over a century between the latest Attic example of that shape (1152)22 and the earliest lidded guttus preserved, 1155, dated by context within the span ca. 140-125. Because of the care of its manufacture and the well-thought-out shape, it is a good candidate for an early example of the type. The profile is a continuous and graceful curve from the foot to below the pronounced flange. On the two later pieces the flange has been reduced to a ridge, and the bodies are angular. On the earlier 19 Cf. P 353 (AgoraXII, no. 1189, p. 319, p. 39); OlynthusXIII, nos. 458, 460, 461, 469-475, pp. 259-263, 173-177. pls. 20 For a collection of earlier vessels with this arrangement see Snijder 1934, pp. 34-60, figs. 6-15. Snijder's startlinginterpretationof the vesselsas breastpumps can hardlyapply to 1153, since the spout is clearlydesigned not for sucking but for pouring. A similar shape in Mesopotamian glazed ware, found at Seleucia on the Tigris, has been interpreted variously as a wine warmer, a hashish pipe, or a device for heating bitumen lumps preparatory to stamping them (Debevoise 1934, no. 343, pp. 19-20, 112-113, figs. 5, 343). 21 For a guttus with lid in place see AeXr 25, 1970, B' 1 [1972], p. 120, pl. 85:P, from Megara. 22 The askos with strainer top may continue somewhat later elsewhere (e.g., La Rosa 1990, pl. 83:e and Morel 1981, Series 8173, p. 425, pl. 210) but not, it seems, beyond the 3rd century. Cf. also the Classical lidded guttus (e.g. P 5734 [AgoraXII, no. 1190, pp. 160, 319, pl. 39]), apparentlylimited to the first half of the 4th century.

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of these (1156), from the last quarter of the 2nd century, the lion-head spout is still moldmade, but on 1157, which comes from Sullan debris, it has been reduced to a handmade lump with a crudely scored mane. PLASTIC ASKOs(1158-1162)

Moldmade vessels in the form of the head of an African were popular in the Archaic and Classical periods, both in Athens and elsewhere.23Two very fragmentarypieces from the Agora illustrate the continuation of this tradition into the Hellenistic period. In both cases the vessel was small, probably with an original height of no more than about 15 cm., and probably served as a lekythos or perfume container. On an intact vessel a narrow neck would have risen from the crown of the head (as on 1159), and a ring handle would have been attached at the back of the head (as on 1 158).24 The only indication of date is the context of 1158, a deposit of the first half of the 2nd century. 1160 preserves part of a vessel in the shape of a sandaled foot. The top is closed with a strainer,a handle is attached to the right ankle, and a pouring spout in the form of a comic mask appears above the heel. Vessels in the form of feet had served as perfume containers since the Archaic period,25 and the Hellenistic examples probably did the same. The shape appears to have been more common in the West in the Hellenistic period.26 A similar vessel is probably an Italian import (1794). Two other fragments are more difficult to interpret. 1161 shows the front part of a figure grasping some large object. In scale and pose it is similarto a plastic lekythos in the Metropolitan Museum depicting an African capturing a duck, a South Italian piece of the 4th century.27 The fabric is highly micaceous and grainy and not certainly Attic. Only the arm of 1162 is preserved. A hole ensuring communication between arm and body attests that the fragment is part of a vessel of some sort. The hand at the end of the arm was holding something; perhaps the piece represented a reclining diner holding a cup or jug in his hand, with that cup or jug serving as a spout. UNGUENTARIUM (1163-1172)

It is generally agreed that these small, handleless bottles, which are found all over the Hellenistic world, held perfume, a very common commodity in the ancient world.28 Perfumes, 23 For a selection of such vessels see Snowden 1970, pp. 40, 42-44, 55-60, 62, 233, ills. 9, 12-14, 27-32, 34,

93. A large collection ofjugs with trefoilmouths from Olynthos illustratesthe popularityof the theme in the firsthalf of the 4th century (Olynthus VII, nos. 400, 401, 403, pp. 103-104, IV, nos. 406-408, pp. 88-89, pls. 45, 47; Olynthus XIV, nos. 400-416, pp. 296-297, pls. 128, 129). pls. 56, 57; Olynthus 24 Cf. Bohtz and Albert 1975, no. 50, p. 524, figs. 69-71. For other Hellenistic examples, some with different types of handles and necks, see Hausmann 1962, pp. 260-261, pl. 76:1; Beardsley 1929, nos. 186-189, 193, 195, 196, 200, 201, pp. 88-91, figs. 14, 16, 17; Morel 1965, no. 100, p. 63, pl. 45; Bisi 1967, no. 34, p. 278, pl. LXXX:2; Belin de Ballu 1972, p. 114, pls. LXVI, LXVII. 25 E.g., Higgins 1954, II, nos. 1655-1658, pp. 32-34, pls. 22, 23; Morrow 1985, pp. 3-17, pls. 1-11. 26 Morel 1981, Series 9462, p. 439, pl. 220; Ferron and Pinard 1960-1961, no. 365, p. 137, pl. LX; Bisi 1967, nos. 31, 32, p. 278, pl. LXXIX:1; CVA,Petit Palais [France 15], pl. 47 [687]:6, 8 (Apulian);Morrow 1985, pp. 118119, pl. 106. See also AncientMacedonia,no. 338, p. 373, from Petres (Macedonia), and Michaelides 1994, p. 321, pl. 249:y, from Aghios Ermogenis (Cyprus). 27 CVA,Gallatin Collection 1 [USA 1], pl. 30 [51]:7. Cf. also CVA,Petit Palais [France 5], pl. 32 [672]:8, 9, a lekythos depicting a crouching African, here with the arms stretched forward. 28 The modern name "unguentarium"reflectsthis assumption. See H. A. Thompson 1934, p. 473; Kahane 1952, p. 131; TarsusI, p. 171. Roman glass vessels of the bulbousunguentariumtype that succeeded the Hellenistic fusiform

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which were usually oil based and scented with plants,29were used for the personal adornment of both the living and the dead, as votive and funeral gifts, and for medical treatment. Although certain centers, like Alexandria,30were particularlyrenowned for their perfumes in Hellenistic times, scent was produced all over the Mediterranean,and ancient sources referto its manufacture in Athens.31 Most unguentaria from the Agora come from household dumps in cisterns and wells and were probably for secular use. Several of the black unguentaria discussed below, however, come from the CrossroadsWell (J 5:1), which contained masses of small vessels that must have been intended as votives. It seems that the well took over the ritual function of the earlier Crossroads Enclosure that was situated beside it.32 Earlier levels of the well contained large numbers of palmette lekythoi; both these and the unguentariaprobably representsmall gifts of oil. The great majority of unguentaria at Athens are made of a fine gray fabric, often with a red core. Because of its low porosity,33this fabric was preferable for long-term storage of liquids. Its superioritywas soon recognized, and after the early Hellenistic period, ordinary glazed ware was rarelyused for unguentaria.34While well over 200 gray unguentariahave been inventoriedat the Agora, the collection contains only twenty-one black-glazed and two West Slope examples of local manufacture. shape have been found containing the remnants of oil (probably olive oil: Barag 1972; Basch 1972; JAky,Peredi, and Palos 1964; Haevernick 1967). Possible ancient names for the vessel are discussed in Labraunda II, i, pp. 24-25. 29 For the process of manufacture see Forbes 1955, pp. 1-38 and, more Shelmerdine 1985, pp. 11-39. recently, Important ancient sources are Theophrastos, Od.; Pliny, NH 13.1-3; and Dioskorides 1.42-76. Recent analysis of some Corinthian vessels suggests that, contrary to all ancient accounts, animal fat was sometimes used in its manufacture (Biers,Searles, and Gerhardt 1988, pp. 41-42). 30 Pliny,NH 13.6.26; Athenaios 15.689a; Fraser 1972, I, pp. 136, 141; Pr6aux 1939, pp. 366-370. 31 Athenaios (15.688e-f) and Pliny (NH 13.2.4-6) mention famous and popular scents from Egypt (Mendes),Asia Minor (Adramyttium,Kyzikos, Cilician Soli, Tarsus),Phoenicia, Lycia (Phaselis),Cyprus, the Greek islands (Delos, Rhodes, Kos), mainland Greece (Elis,Corinth, Athens), and Italy (Capua, Naples, Palestrina).They list an Athenian perfume called 7ava0Ovatx6?(althoughthe editor of the Loeb Athenaios takes this as a referenceto the oil awardedto Panathenaic victors [C. B. Gulick, ed., Athenaeus, TheDeipnosophists, Cambridge, Mass. 1941, VII, p. 188, note a]). Miniature amphoras of Panathenaic shape perhaps designed to contain the scent have been discussed by Beazley (1946). According to some accounts, Megallos, who created a famous scent called e?,y6XX,etov, was an Athenian (Athenaios 15.690f). There was a thriving perfume market at Athens (see testimonia in AgoraIII, pp. 202-203; also Pherekratesfrags. 2 and 64 [Kock, CAF I, pp. 145, 162] and Polyzelos frag. 11 [Kock, CAF I, p. 792]), and some private individualswere engaged TXvvq[upetitxf (Athenaios 13.61 If). 32 Shear 1973, p. 130. 33 Black and gray unguentariawere tested with water,which seeps through much more quickly than the oil-based perfumes the vessels were intended to hold. Black unguentarialost between one-third and all of their contents in two days, while early gray unguentaria lost only about 20 percent of the water in five days. Originally the interiors of unguentaria may have been coated with some material, like wax or tallow, to retard seepage (Biers, Searles, and Gerhardt 1988, p. 42); transport amphoras for oil were treated with oil lees, gum, and wax for the same purpose (Koehler 1986, p. 52). 34 This seems to have been commonly the case; published black unguentaria are rare, except in Macedonia. Some examples: AeXr 20, 1965, B' 3 [1968], p. 427, pl. 475:acr(Veroia);AeXr 21, 1966, B' 2 [1968], p. 345, pl. 364:71,right (Edessa);Drougou 1991, p. 58 (Vergina),pp. 73, 81, 88-89 (Veroia), 114-115 (Pella), 124-125, 128, 130 (Edessa); Allamani and Tzanavari 1994, pp. 95-98, pls. 43:3, 44:a, 46:a, A3(Veroia);Drougou and Touratsoglou 1994, p. 135, pl. 74:P3- (Veroia);Karadima 1994, p. 199, fig. 5 (Samothrace);Andreou 1994, p. 201, pls. 146:a, 147:3 (Leukada); Philimonos-Tsopotou 1994, p. 129, figs. 2, 3 (Nisyros);Ac&x 22, 1967, B' 2 [1969], p. 486, pl. 360:C(Crete, near Knossos); AeX- 29, 1973-1974, B' 2 [1979], pp. 541-542, pl. 367:a (Thurreion);SwCyprusExp IV, iii, pp. 60-61, fig. 24:24, 25, 34; Morel 1981, Series 7111, 7112, pp. 401-402, pl. 200 (Italy).

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In its earliest stages the unguentarium is a miniature jar without handles. The shape is modeled on a series of full-size belly-amphoras, some of them in gray fabric, which have been found at various sites in Greece, most commonly in Athens, Corinth, and Macedonia;35 these have affinities with earlier Cypriot amphoras and probably were made in imitation of Cypriot pottery. Black unguentaria are much more common than gray ones at the beginning of the series, as material from both the Agora and the Kerameikos testifies. The Agora excavations have unearthed twenty black unguentariaof characteristicsquat, late-4th-centuryprofilebut only two gray pieces of comparable shape.36 Evidence at the Kerameikos seems to suggest that the black unguentariapreceded the gray ones. In the Eridanoscemetery,BarbaraSchlorb-Vierneisel was able to divide early Hellenistic graves into two groups on the basis of stratigraphy;black unguentaria were found only in graves from her period a, gray ones only in burials of her period b.37 It is sometimes assumed that the black unguentaria served as models for the gray ones,38but since large-scaleversions, sometimes in gray fabric, are known earlierin the century,it is perhaps more likely that both gray and black small unguentaria copied this shape. Sparkes and Talcott suggested that perfume was at first imported into Greece in larger containers and decanted into small, locally made unguentaria that irnitatedthe transport containers in shape (i.e., black unguentaria). Soon, however,the custom changed, and perfume began to be imported in small containers (the gray unguentaria),which also imitated the shape of the large containers.39 This is reasonable but depends on taking the gray unguentaria as imports, which is not certainly the case.40 The early Hellenistic black unguentaria range in height from 5.6 to 8.8 cm. They have a raised base, concave and reserved underneath; an ovoid body, often with one or two scraped grooves on the shoulder, probably in imitation of the painted bands on the prototypes; a fairly short neck; and a thickened, downward-slopingrim. One of the Agora examples4l has vestigial handles, again in imitation of the prototypical amphoras;this feature is found on small imported pieces as well.42 Glaze covers the exterior and the interior of the rim and neck. Most of the variations in proportion, shape, and detail are representedin the selection presented here. The popularity of the shape in black glaze in the last quarter of the 4th century is well illustratedby the materialfrom the CrossroadsWell (J 5:1). Fifteen inventoriedpieces were found in level V, with abundant material of that date. The unguentariumis absent from the lower levels of the well, indicating that it came into vogue around 325, replacing the palmette lekythos in 35 E.g.,Agora XII, nos. 1484-1488,pp. 339-340, pl. 63;Williams1969,nos.9, 10,pp. 57-59, figs.8, 9, pl. 18:a-d; Williams1970,nos. 5, 6, p. 5, pl. 1;Broneer1962,no. 22, p. 25, pl. 11:b;Drougou1991,p. 103; Treasures ofAncient no. 119,p. 53. Macedonia, 36 P 7381 (Agora XII, no. 1491,p. 340, pl. 63);P 30205. 37 See Schlorb-Vierneisel blackunguentariaare illustrated 1966, pp. 75-79 for an accountof the stratigraphy; on plates 53:5, 6, 57:4, 58:2. Kovacsovics'dating of graves containing unguentaria in Kerameikos XIV (passim)seems

to supportthissuggestion. 38 This seemsto be the inferencein Kerameikos IX, 39

AgoraXII, p. 192.

p. 59.

40 Hellstrom(Labraunda II, i, p. 25) makesa case for theirmanufacturein Attica;so also Alt-Agina II, i, p. 89; Medeon V,p. 65; Eretria II, p. 28. 41 P 21395 XII, no. 1397, p. 334, pl. 45). Forothers(probablyall Attic)cf. AcXk 25, 1970, B' 1 [1972], (Agora from the Kerameikos,of interestbecausethe materialwith whichit was foundappearsto date in 38, 47:e, p. pl. the thirdquarterof the 4th century;AeX-r27, 1972, B' 1 [1976],p. 32, pl. 36:a (Athens);Watzinger1902, nos. 4, 5, p. 157,fig.7 = Rostovtzeff1941,I, p. 162,pl. XX (fromEgypt). 42 E.g.P 2871 (H. A. Thompson1934,A 68, p. 327, fig.9).

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function. Schlorb-Vierneisel has dated the graves in the Eridanos cemetery containing black unguentaria before the antiluxurydecrees of Demetrios of Phaleron in 317, on the grounds that some of the grave plots associatedwith them have bases for stelai.43 The vessels seem, however,to be absent from the debris of Building Z-3, which must date after 318. At present the best estimate of their date is the last quarter of the 4th century; only one was found in a significantlylater context at the Agora (1164). The slightly more slender 1169 and the more ungainly 1168 may come at the end of the series, but it is riskyto make fine distinctionsin a simple shape like this. Black unguentaria all but disappear thereafter.The few that have been found are best dated by comparisonwith gray unguentaria. These, like the blackunguentaria,began in the last quarter of the 4th century as small handlelessjars of amphora shape, sometimes with vestigial handles.44 They became taller and thinner,45and then, perhaps by about 275, the lower body developed a concave profile.46 The projecting base was simplified by the end of the 3rd century, and the foot became a continuation of the curve of the lower wall. At about the same time, the hollow lower body, which had become quite thin, was replaced by a solid stem. The only late black unguentarium from the Agora (1170) belongs to this stage; it comes from the building fill of South Stoa II and probably dates in the first half of the 2nd century,before unguentariabegan to become very thin, as they were in the second half of the century. The hollow lower bodies of the two West Slope unguentaria (1171, 1172) date them earlier, within the 3rd century. The use of incision in the necklace on 1171 places it after the middle of the century, and the incised checkerboardof 1172 suggestsa date in the last quarter.West Slope decoration on unguentariais not common.47 When employed it turned ordinary pots into imitations of the silver containers that were used for finer scents.48 43

44

Schlorb-Vierneisel 1966,p. 77.

XII, no. 1491,p. 340, pl. 63);AeXrx E.g.P 7381 (Agora 20, 1965,B' 1 [1967],pl. 25:a. P 636 A. B (H. Thompson1934, 44, p. 344, fig. 22); cf. Kerameikos E.g. XIV,no. 48:1, p. 48, pl. 41:10, from a graveof the firstquarterof the 3rdcentury. 46 E.g.Young1951b,no. 13:5,p. 129,pl. 54:a;Kniggeand Kovacsovics1981,p. 395, fig.22; Braun 1970,no. 88, 45

pp. 140-141, pl. 56:5. Kovacsovics, however, would clearly date this stage somewhat earlier: cf. Kerameikos XIV,

nos.44:3, 121:1,122:1,3, 4, pp. 46, 118-119,pls.41:10,50:9, 11, 12, all withconcavelowerwalls,foundin graves thathe datesin the lastquarterof the 4th century. 47 Forexamplessee Gravani1988-1989, pp. 107, 111, pl. 6:y, 8 (Ephyra);AeXr21, 1966, B' 2 [1968], p. 336, pl. 353:p,y (Thessaloniki); RomiopoulouandTouratsoglou1974,Z, p. 170,pl. I:3,facingp. 168 (Veroia); Drougou 1991,p. 116 (Pella);AA[JdI 26] 1911,no. 7, col. 226, fig.34 (Olbia);CVA,Mainz2 [Germany43], pl. 38 [2095]:9, 10,thefirstfromOlbia(?)(fromtheVogellCollection); Rostovtzeff1941,I, no. 3, p. 583, pl. LXVII:3(Panticapaeum); Patsiada1990,no. 191,p. 196,pl. 77:e(Rhodes);GrandjeanandRougemont1972,no. 102,pp. 61-63, fig.44. 48 For silver unguentariasee WinterandPernice1899,p. 129,figs. 11-13; Strong1966,p. 103,pl. 28:A;CRPttersb 1880,pl. IV:9;Reinach1892,p. 82, pl. XXXI:3a;Maximova1979,no. 7, p. 84, fig.29.

9 POURING VESSELS FOR OTHER OR UNKNOWN LIQUIDS DouBLECRUET(1173-1182; see Graph 7) The unique feature of the double cruet is its horizontallydivided, two-chamberedbody. The lower chamber is broad and echinus shaped, the upper domed or pointed, usually with a finial on top. There are two spouts, placed on opposite sides of the body, each communicatingwith one of the chambers;one has a trefoil mouth, the other a round or semicircularone. A basket handle runs between the spouts, facilitating pouring from either mouth, and the whole rests on a ring foot. Pellets or knobs at the handle attachment hint at metal prototypes, but none are known to me. The double cruet is attested at various sites in Greece and the Aegean, with the largest concentrations in Boiotia, Attica, Corinth, and Delos.1 Its form and decoration suggest it was used for two differentliquids that were consumed in small quantities and used and mixed during the meal. A trefoil mouth is normally found on vessels used for pouring wine, a round mouth on oil jugs, suggesting that the two chambers were for oil and vinegar, whose use together as condiments is attested in antiquity.2 The Agora cruets are well glazed (outside only), and all but one (1176) are decorated. The earlier examples (1173-1175) bear black- or red-patterntongues, laurel leaves, and running spirals,motifs well attested on Classical askoi.3 West Slope decoration appears on the upper body, lower body, and neck of the Hellenistic cruets. Ivy garlands, grapevines, spearhead necklaces, hoops and leaves, dolphins, and checkerboardsand rectangles appear on the upper bodies of Attic examples;4the lower bodies bear olive garlands,grapevines, and bead and reel. There may be a line, an olive garland, or a spearhead necklace around the spouts, at their bases or higher up. In addition, the pellets at the handle attachment of 1181 are embellished with asterisks, and rays decorate the top of 1178. An early representativeof the shape, ferreted out by Bovon and Bruneau, probably dates to the 5th century, to judge from the neatly executed red-figuredtransport amphora depicted on its top.5 The Agora has produced nothing so early. The Agora pieces fall into two distinctgroups: four late Classical (1173-1176) and seven Hellenistic vessels (1177-1182 and the uncatalogued 1 Bruneauhas collectedexamplesknownas of 1976 V,pp. 80-82, citingcruetsfoundin Euboia,Boiotia, (Mideon Phokis, Corinth, Delos, Mytilene, Chios, Rhodes, Crete, Dalmatia, and Olbia[?]). To these add Alt-AginaII, i, no. 493, p. 70, pl. 38; three unpublished pieces at Corinth (inv. nos. C-33-1466, C-33-1466A, and C-63-481a-c, VII, iii, p. 2, note 2]); Corinth XVIII, i, no. 199, p. 109, pl. 21; Baziotopoulou-Valavani1994, p. 52, pl. 16:8 [Corinth (Kallipolis [Aitolia]); A. E. Furtwangler 1990, p. 52, pl. 17:f (Demetrias);Patsiada 1990, no. 190, p. 195, pl. 77:y (Rhodes);EphesosIX, ii/ii, B 141, pp. 43, 54, pl. 61. 2 For a detailed discussion of the use of the vessels, see Bovon and Bruneau 1966, pp. 139-43 and M6dionV, V, p. 31) arguesthat their appearancetogether with cups in three tombs at Medeon suggests pp. 78-79. Vatin (MId6on that they were used for wine, but the small size and the differentmouths make this unlikely. 3 OlynthusV, nos. 86-90, 401, 403, 404, 407, pp. 85-86, 172-173; OlynthusXIII, nos. 457-461, pp. 258-259, pls. 173, 174. 4 To those from the Agora add Watzinger 1901, no. 33, pp. 82-83; Alt-AginaII, i, no. 493, p. 70, pl. 38; and Patsiada 1990, no. 190, p. 195, pl. 77:y. 5 Bovon and Bruneau 1966, no. 31, p. 138, fig. 16.

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FOROTHERORUNKNOWN 9. POURINGVESSELS LIQUIDS

fragment P 20196). The first group can be dated by contexts within the second half of the 4th century. These cruets are marked by a low, compact shape, broad resting surface, reserved underside and resting surface, and red-figured decoration. They show considerable variation in shape, but a pointed upper body seems to be typical of the last quarter of the century.6 The Hellenistic form, with its rangierprofile,lighter,higher foot, and West Slope decoration, was developed in the first half of the 3rd century. Two examples have been found in a well of that period at Corinth,7 and three served as grave gifts in tombs at Medeon, in Phokis, where the dead carried coins of Antigonos Gonatas (277-238) in their mouths.8 Since the cruet is exclusively a West Slope shape in the Hellenistic period, its reformulation may date from the inception of West Slope towards the end of the first quarter of the 3rd century. The delicate grapevine on the dome of 1177 suggests that it is a fairly early piece. 1178 is like it in profile, its upper chamber a low dome, a feature that Bovon and Bruneau hypothesized was early,9but the cruder execution of its West Slope decorationpushes its date down at least to the third quarter of the century. 1179 can also be placed in the 3rd century on the basis of decoration, for dolphins of this sort are extremely rare thereafter.It has a high dome, however,which suggeststhat it dates later than 1178. The appearance of the relatively early dolphin motif on a high-domed cruet implies that the higher shape was already being made by the end of the 3rd century. The other two nearly complete examples have high, ovoid bodies. 1180 comes from a deposit with much 3rd-centurymaterialbut also a substantiallate Hellenistic disturbance. Its fabric and glaze do not appear to be late Hellenistic, however, and the best parallels for the unusual incised hoops on the upper body date in the 3rd century. It seems reasonable on these grounds to regard 1180 as part of the 3rd-century component of the deposit, possibly dating in the last quarter of the e-3rd-century example of the high-domed shape. It is not significantly different from 1182, a fresh, apparently unused piece from a much later context; the form apparentlycontinued with little change for some time. Not a single fragmentof a double cruet was identified among the context pottery from deposits laid down after ca. 125, and it seems likely that the shape was discontinuedaround the middle of the 2nd century. It continued to be made until the end of the Hellenistic period elsewhere, however, as numerous examples from late-2nd- and early-Ist-centurycontexts on Delos attest.0? FILTERJUG (1183-1193; see Graph 7) The filter jug is a small pitcher (Diam. ca. 9-14 cm.) with a ring foot and a pear-shaped body, characterized by a strainer in the neck and by a deep, funnel-like mouth, usually with an incurved rim. A strap handle runs from the shoulder to about the middle of the rim area, and a tubular spout is placed slightly less than 90 degrees left of the handle. Although the shape seems to be a Hellenistic invention, not certainly appearing before the middle of the 3rd century,it is related to a number of earlier shapes. The combination of strainer 6 A good parallel appears in the destructiondebris of Building Z-3 in the Kerameikos,destroyedbetween ca. 320 and 307. 7 H. S. Robinson 1962, p. 117, pl. 45:a, from the Well the Excavation by Dump; for the context see Corinth VII, iii, deposit 38, p. 208. 8 Bovon and Bruneau 1966, pp. 131-143; MedeonV, no. 59 B.1, pp. 45-46, figs. 58, 59, no. 129 A. 1, p. 70, figs. 137, 138, no. 129 B.1, p. 72, figs. 141, 142. For the dates of the tombs see MideonV pp. 12, 26. 9 Bovon and Bruneau 1966, p. 139; MedeonV, p. 82. This suggestionwas based on a comparison of examples from Medeon (3rd century)with those from Delos (late 2nd to 1st century). 10 Bovon and Bruneau 1966, nos. 21-24, pp. 134-138, figs. 8-11; MedeonV, p. 81; DelosXXVII, D 73, p. 251, 44. 128, pl. fig.

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181

top and pouring tube is found in a common form of 4th-century askos,11 although these are so much smaller than the jugs under consideration here that they are unlikely to have served the same purpose. The strainer/tube combination is also found on some baby feeders,12again much smaller than the filterjugs. The shape may be derived from an enigmatic pear-shaped pot with funnel mouth, variouslyinterpretedas a perfumepot, a baby feeder, a trickvase, or a decanter for strong wine.13 This is closer in size to the filter jug and shares with it the funnel mouth and pear-shaped body. Sparkes'sdate of 375-325 for the "perfumepot" should be lowered; the single example at the Agora comes from a deposit now dated mostly to the firsthalf of the 3rd century,14 and the presence of examples at Chatby,15where little seems to date much before the end of the 4th century, also supports a later dating. It seems, therefore, that vessels of the "perfume pot" type were being made in the 3rd century, late enough to have provided inspiration for the Hellenistic filterjug. The function of the filter jug remains a mystery. The jug and tube are large for a baby feeder, though appropriate for an adult invalid. Metzger suggested that the vessels were used for expensive liquids, possibly oil, and examples in blister ware must have been oil containers.16 Similar Cypriot vessels, lacking the strainer,have been called lamp fillers.17 Although the holes in the strainers are usually rather large, a cloth could have been placed within the funnel to insure removal of even tiny impurities;the vessels would therefore have been appropriatefor the preparation of infusions,18especially for administrationto invalids. But although the filterjug could have performed all of these tasks, the elegantly decorated moldmade ones were probably intended for the table rather than the sickroom. There they could have served as oil jugs or for filteringout the dregs of wine.19 The strainerand narrowtube are well designed to protect the contents from dirt and insects, surely a desideratumat better dinner parties.20 Whatever its use, the filterjug appears in small numbers on several eastern Mediterranean sites.21 It is represented in the Agora inventory by between eighteen and twenty-one examples, Agora XII, nos. 1187-1189,pp. 159-160, 319, pl. 39; Olynthus XIII, pls. 173-177. XII, no. 1198,p. 320, pls. 39, 47; Hayes1984a,no. 37, p. 25; Snijder1934,p. 37, pl. I, fig.3. E.g.,Agora 13 Agora see ibid.,p. 163;Noble 1972;Baur 1922, XII, p. 164 givesa list of these. Forthe variousinterpretations p. 238, underno. 501;Jacobsthal1912,pp. 29-30, underno. 56; Sciatbi, pp. 61-62, underno. 155. 14 P 7354 XII, no. 1205,p. 320, pl. 39),fromE 3:1. ForSparkes'sdatesee Agora (Agora XII, p. 163. 15 Sciatbi, no. 155,pp. 60-61, pl. LII:97. 16 I. R. filterjug see Corinth VII, iii, no. 778, p. 149,pls. 36, 64. Metzger1973,p. 82; fora blister-ware 17 DrayandTaylor1951,p. 82, fig.36:3-6, pl. XXIV:2. 18 Kenchreai IV,p. 21. 19 Courbysuggestedthatfilterjugs wereused to cool wineby pouringit oversnowplacedin the funnel(Courby 1922, p. 331). The cooling of wine with snow is attestedin ancientsources(Athenaios3.124c-d; Xenophon, Memorabilia is mentionedin the Protesilaus of Anaxandrides[Athenaios4.131c-d], but the 2.1.30;a Xt6vo nip6Xou; sourceis too early[4thcentury]to referto thevesselsunderconsideration here).This is anotherpossibleapplication fortheshape,butit seemsunlikelythatit wasoftenputto suchuse,especiallyin the southernmost partof itsreported fine range. Somewhatsimilarvesselsare knownfromAnatolia,wheretheyfunctionedas beermugs;a particularly serieshas been publishedfromGordion(Sams1977). On these,however,the straineris locatedat the base of the 12

tube, which is often open on top. The Phrygians, it seems, preferred their beer unfiltered, and the strainer served

to removethe barleythatfloatedon the top of the drink. 20 I am gratefulto RogerEdwardsforthissuggestion. 21 For example,Watzinger1901,no. 5, pp. 69-70 (Athens);I. R. Metzger1973,no. 79, p. 57, pl. 11 andArXr23, I. R. Metzger1990, no. 206, p. 45, pl. 9 (Eretria);Corinth 1968, B' 1 [1969], p. 66, pl. 34:a (Peiraieus); VII, iii, no. 778, p. 149, pls. 36, 64; Williams1977, no. 18, p. 70, pl. 23 and Romano 1994, no. 27, p. 71, fig. 4, pl. 17 IV,GR 47, p. 21, pl. 5; Baziotopoulou-Valavani (Corinth);Kenchreai 1994,pp. 52-53, pl. 21:P(Kallipolis[Aitolia]);

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9. POURING VESSELS FOR OTHER OR UNKNOWN LIQUIDS

twelve wheelmade and six to nine moldmade. A large proportionof these are imported, including one wheelmade piece and most of the moldmade ones (see 1629, 1758, 1789-1792). WHEELMADE (1183-1190)

The earliest context for a wheelmade filterjug is H 6:4, a deposit with a terminal date of ca. 210. The jug in question (1184) is a rather squat vessel with a fairly small foot, a rather wide neck, a gently incurving rim, and an entirely plain wall. 1183 also has a plain wall, which suggests that it may also be an early piece. It is of unique shape: larger,with a round shoulder,a lower, broader mouth, and a much larger strainer. It may be a variant of the shape, or it may represent an earlier form, dating perhaps in the mid-3rd century.22 Fairly similar in shape to 1184 is 1185. It, however, has two shallow grooves on the wall, one just below the neck, the other at the level of the spout, an innovation perhaps of the first quarter of the 2nd century. Grooves appear on two other pieces of similar shape (1186, 1187), found in unsealed stratawith material as late as the second half of the 2nd century. Nothing but a slight constriction of the neck distinguishesthem from 1185, and it is tempting to place them with 1185 in the firstquarter of the 2nd century. It is also possible, however,that the same shape continued to be reproducedin this form for a century,along with other varieties. The small fragment 1188, from the building fill of the Stoa of Attalos, shows that change had taken place by 150. Its mouth has a straight rather than a convex profile, the rim turns in abruptly and is nearly horizontal on top, and there are two shallow, glazed grooves right at the neck. Thatjugs with these featurescontinued to be made throughoutthe rest of the 2nd century is suggested by 1189 and P 18866, from contexts of the late 2nd and early 1st century. They are so similar that they are likely to have been made by the same person, probably in the second half of the 2nd century. They share a heavy foot, a fairly elongated body, a constricted neck with groovesjust below it, and a straight mouth with an abruptly incurved lip bearing a glazed groove on its nearly horizontal upper surface. 1190 may representthe last stage of development in the wheelmade filterjug. Since, however, it is represented by a single example, it is possible that we are dealing with a variant or even an import. In its globular body, straight-sidedfunnel mouth, and ridged handle it resembles the moldmade 1191. It was found in Sullan debris and so probably dates between 100 and 86. Elsewhere the shape probably continued later; examples are known in Cypriot sigillata, a ware that is uncommon before the Augustan period.23 AeXt 32, 1977, B' 2 [1984], p. 221, pl. 135:3 (Veroia);Keramopoullos 1932, no. 42, p. 63, fig. 14:2 (Herakleia [Macedonia]);Courby 1922, pp. 330-331, figs. 62:X, 63 (Delos);DdlosXXVII, D 108, D 207, p. 258, fig. 131, pl. 48; BCH 78, 1954, pp. 218-219, fig. 2 (Delos); Markoulakiand Niniou-Kindeli 1994, p. 221, fig. 11 (Chania);PF VI, nos. 391-393, Types Kr7 and Kr8, p. 244, pls. 25, 26 (Pergamon);MirmekiII, p. 65, fig. 67; SwCyprusExp IV, iii, pp. 60, 65, figs. 23:17, 27:22, 23; Buchholz 1978, p. 204, fig. 50:10 (Tamassos,Cyprus);PaphosIII, no. 25, p. 145, fig. L; Mitford 1980, no. 39, pp. 27-28 (Kofizin, Cyprus); see note 23 below for later Cypriot examples; TarsusI, pp. 158, 175, and no. 537, p. 251, figs. 146, 170:E;AshdodII-III, pp. 60, 144, figs. 23:8, 9 and 79:8,pl. XVIII:6; CVA, Gotha 2 [Germany 29], pl. 93 [1424]:7, 8 (Benghazi). 22 I. R. Metzger (1990, no. 206, p. 45, pl. 9) has published the profile of a filterjug from the destruction debris of the House of the Mosaics at Eretria; she dates the destruction in the early 3rd century (p. 44), but the form of the unguentaria (nos. 13-15, pl. 10) suggests to me a later date. Full publication of the material may clarify the matter. 23 PaphosIII, no. 11, p. 150, fig. LII; no. 2, 170, p. fig. LIX; no. 36, p. 189, fig. LXVI. For the dating of Cypriot see 38. ibid.,p. sigillata

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183

MOLDMADE (1191-1193)

Fournearly complete moldmade filterjugs and two to five fragmentsare inventoried,but most of them are imports. Three jugs, however, fall within Attic parameters of fabric and decoration and may tentatively be considered local products. These, as well as the imports, can be dated late in the Hellenistic period on the basis of context or decoration. Both 1191 and 1193 are decorated with the long-petal pattern that did not become popular in Athens until the second half of the 2nd century. The similarity of the handle and shape of the mouth on 1191 and on the wheelmade 1190, which comes from Sullan debris, suggests that the two are contemporary, dating in the early 1st century. Context places 1193 around that time as well. None of the imported examples is likely to be much earlier, and it appears that moldmade filter jugs were not made, in Athens or at other sites, before the 1st century. FEEDER(1194-1196)

The feeder24 is not well represented in the Hellenistic pottery assemblage at the Agora or elsewhere.25 Most Classical feeders come from graves, and the reduction of grave gifts in the Hellenistic period to nothing but unguentaria may explain the poor representationof the shape in the archaeologicalrecord, at least for Athens. The well in which 1195 was found contained the bones of over 100 infants, and it may therefore be regarded as a sort of funerary offering. It is short and squat, like earlierfeeders, which is surprising,since most Hellenistic examples have a somewhat elongated body and a high, narrow foot. The double handle, as on 1195, appears repeatedly on feeders from the 5th century down to the Hellenistic period26 as an alternative to the vertical strap handle of 1194. RINGVASE/FEEDER(1197)

1197, late Hellenistic to judge from its context, is an unusual ring-shaped vessel with a tiny tubular spout. The filler, now broken away, was attachedjust to the side of the tube; two other breaks may indicate the presence of other mouths or attached cups or pots, in which case 1197 may be added to the long and enigmatic series of ring vases produced at various sites from the 7th century onwards27but not otherwise attested for the Hellenistic period, as far as I am aware. On the other hand, with only one filler, it would make an ingenious baby feeder, conveniently graspable, like some modern bottles, by the small hands of an infant. CANTEEN (1198-1213; see Graph 7) The canteen or pilgrim flask was introduced in Greece in the late Bronze Age, probably in imitation of vessels from the Near East.28 Thereafter it crops up in various forms in many 24 For discussion of the use of the shape (as baby feeder, lamp filler, or grave gift), see AgoraXII, p. 161 and bibliographycited there. 25 Forother feeders of Hellenistic date (mostlylate 4th and early 3rd century),see Charitonides 1981, no. 5, p. 178, fig. 4:0, pl. 45:a and Schlorb-Vierneisel 1966, no. 155:3, p. 90, pl. 58:2 (Athens);Andreiomenou 1973, p. 177, pl. 62:y (Chalkis);AeXT 18, 1963, B' 2 [1965], p. 223, pl. 261:8 (Vergina);PF II, C 28, C 29, p. 44, pls. 5, 21 (Pergamon); Sciatbi,no. 151, p. 60, pl. LI:95, Pagenstecher 1913, pp. 141-142, figs. 148, 149:f, h, and Adriani 1940, p. 117, fig. 53:49 (Alexandria). 26 E.g., AgoraXII, no. 1198, p. 320, pl. 39; Charitonides 1981, no. 5, p. 178, fig. 4:0, pl. 45:a; and PF II, C 28, p. 44, pl. 5. 27 See Corbett 1949, pp. 316-317; Rolley 1965, pp. 471-477. 28 Furumark 1941, pp. 32, 67. See also Mountjoy 1986, pp. 80-81, 189, 199.

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areas of the Mediterranean, from Etruria and North Africa to Egypt, Cyprus, the Levant, and further east.29 Mycenaean and Protogeometric examples have been found in the cemeteries of Attica,30but the shape seems to have been very rare in Athens in subsequent eras. No Classical or Archaic examples are known from the Agora; Lullies tentatively identified a black-glazed canteen in a private collection as an Attic product of the 4th century,31but comparisonwith three painted canteens from the Polyandrionof Thespiai suggests that it may instead be Boiotian and 5th century.32 A rare 4th-century Attic example of the shape has a round body with a relief applique of Athena in the center;33 it stands, however, on a high foot, and its small size and the form of the mouth, borrowed from the small, black-glazedpointed amphora, suggest that it served as a perfume flask. That the shape existed in a more canonical form in 4th-centuryAthens, however, is attested by figurines of comic actors.34 These show a slave dressed as a traveleror a soldier, wearing a padded garment, a chlamys, and a pilos. A basket hangs in front of him and, in front of it, a round canteen. The figurinesdate within the second half of the 4th century, but the fact that they wear Old Comedy costume hints that the canteen was also made in the 5th century,though not necessarilyin terracotta. These vessels probably functioned much as modern canteens and flasks,providing a convenient way for an ordinary traveler or a soldier on the march to transport a personal drinking supply. A figurine of a soldier in Berlin carries his flask dangling from his belt.35 It has been suggested that the canteen is to be identified with the xcOWv,known from literary sources as a soldier's drinking vessel.36 This suggestion has not found much support, although some of the ancient testimonia, such as referencesto the difficultyof drinkingfrom a kothon and the existence of kothons of enormous size, would suit the canteen well.37 One suspects that such a useful shape had long been made in other materials, such as leather, or from gourds; indeed, a fragmentary terracotta figurine from the Agora shows a donkey laden with two leather bags of rectangular shape, larger but similar in shape to rectangularcanteens like 1201.38 A ceramic version began to be made at Athens in the early Hellenistic period and was produced with some regularity thereafter. Fragmentsof twenty have been inventoried at the Agora and about twenty-two more have been recognized among the context pottery. Four have been reported from excavations elsewhere in Athens, and at least five more lie in the storeroomsof the National Museum.39 The 29 See Mingazzini 1967, pp. 349-352 for a list of canteens from a wide variety of ancient cultures. 30 Mycenaean: e.g., AgoraXIII,III-14, pp. 174-175, pls. 35, 36; Stubbings 1947, p. 52, fig. 21:B,

pl. 16:5, 6. I, p. 92, pl. 62 (inv. 536). Protogeometric:Kerameikos 31 Lullies 1955, no. 94, p. 40, pl. 46. 32 Cf. Schilardi 1977, II, nos. 388-390, pl. 49, pp. 156-158; for a useful discussion of the shape see ibid., I, pp. 421-424. 33 CVA,Gotha 2 [Germany 29], pl. 74 [1405]:3-6. 34 D. B. Thompson 1952b, no. 43, p. 161, pl. 38, with discussionon pp. 141-142; see also Higgins 1954, I, no. 738, p. 198,pl. 98. 35 Bieber 1961la, p. 40, fig. 153. 36 Mingazzini (1967, pp. 354-361) collects the pertinent texts; for arguments to the contrary see Scheibler 1968 and Schilardi 1977, I, p. 421. 37 E.g., Theopompos and Kallixeinos, quoted by Athenaios (11.483e-f). 38 T 878 from E 14:1. 39 Charitonides 1981, A. 299, A. 294, A. 283, p. 182, fig. 6:a, pls. 37:cr, 50:e; AeXXt22, 1967, B' 1 [1968], National Museum 59, p. pl. 76:y; Athens, 2234, 2235, 2236, 2327, 13629. I am grateful to Roger Edwards for sharing with me his notes on the vessels in the National Museum, which he saw in 1956.

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185

shape is found elsewhere as well and continued to be particularlypopular in the east, where it was also made in a very large form, suitable for use as as a donkey pannier.40 Three main varieties are attested at the Agora: rectangular,round, and triangular.A fourth type has been published by Charitonides; it has a rectangular body but is strongly curved as though to fit against the side of the body, with the spout on the long side.41 In this it resembles much later canteens that were made to fit the contours of various parts of the body and served as hot-water bottles.42 A unique piece (1213), smaller than the others, has a coll around the is decorated with incised crosshatching;the mouthandandgle at which the mouth is inserted into the concave face is also unusual. This and its small size suggest it may instead be an oil askos.43 The Agora canteens normally have one slightlyconcave face, to be worn against the body,and a bulging convex face. The bodies of the rectangularand triangularcanteens were constructed of slabs. The convex face of the round canteens was wheelmade; the flatter, concave face was sometimes wheelmade, sometimes a slab. The potter placed a slab of clay,which was to form the flatter,concave face, on a slightlymounded surface. It was cut to the appropriateshape but larger than the convex face, which had already been prepared and partially dried. The potter set the convex face on the slab and brought the overlapping edges of the slab up around the sides of the convex face, forming a convex side to the vessel. Glaze was used to stick two surfaces together. The reservoirwas pierced, and a thin, wheelmade neck and flaring mouth were added to it; finally the handles were attached, flankingthe neck and usually tucked up tightly below it for further support. A ceramic stopper for closing the vessel might also have been made.44 The earliest Hellenistic canteens at the Agora date in the first quarter of the 3rd century. At this point rectangular canteens were the norm (1198-1200) and show in their form a clear dependence on leather prototypes;one fragment (1202) of early date, however,may come from a round canteen. Most of these early pieces have a heavy mouth, a thick, torus rim, and sturdy handles, round in section. 1200, with a thinner neck and more delicate mouth, points forward to later developments. By the end of the 3rd century the mouth had developed a wide flare (1201, 1203, 1204). Concurrently,the heavy handle was abandoned for a thinner strap handle 40 Kaltsas

1990, no. 3, p. 8, pl. 7:y (Pylos);Abadie and Spyropoulos 1985, no. 3 in tomb I A, p. 421, fig.87 and no. 80 from tomb I B, p. 423, figs. 92, 93 (Helleniko);Papabasileios 1910, col. 60, fig. 38 (Euboia);Baziotopoulou-Valavani 1994, p. 54, pl. 23 (Kallipolis [Aitolia]); Hadjimichali 1971, no. 248, pp. 197-199, figs. 29, 30 (Lato, Crete); CVA, Sevres [France 13] pp. 66 (Benghazi);and possibly Brock and Young 1949, no. 27, p. 65, 2- . [554], pp52-53, pl. 21:24 (Siphnos). In Italy: Morel 1981, Series 7151, p. 403, pl. 201 and Series 9412, p. 437, pl. 218; DeJuliis and Loiacono 1985, no. 323, p. 279. A canteen of somewhat different type from Delphi is perhaps of Eastern Sigillata A (FdD V, i, no. 452, p. 179, figs. 757, 757a). Hellenistic moldmade canteens with relief designs made in South Italy are listed by Mingazzini 1967, pp. 351-352, under F; for illustrationssee Hafner 1939, col. 473, fig. 12 in cols. 465-466; see also Langlotz 1932, no. 916, p. 163, pl. 252. The shape has a long history in Egypt (summarized by Wainwright [1920, pp. 62-65]), reaching back to the 18th Dynasty. Small faience canteens containing Nile water were exchanged as New Year'sgifts in Saite, Egypt (Mingazzini 1967, p. 349, under B; Bissing 1902, nos. 3738-3749, pp. 42-46; Aufrere 1987, no. 383, pp. 178-179), and unglazed canteens are known in the Hellenistic period there (Adriani 1952b, p. 142, fig. 70:3). For examples from Palestine see Lapp 1961, Type 29, p. 161 (unglazed). The popularity of the form furthereast, in green-glazed ware or unglazed, and often very large, is outlined by Hannestad (IkarosII, i, pp. 40-42). For a good example of contrasting sizes see Ai Khanoum I, nos. 129, 130, Forms F6 and (1, pp. 163-164, fig. 32, pls. 123:g-j, 124:a, b, 14. 41 Charitonides 1981, A. 299, p. 182, fig. 6:a, pl. 37:ao. 42 Nicolaou 1989, pp. 301-318. 43 Cf. Winter 1984, no. 91, pp. 216-221, pl. 3; ApolloniaI, nos. 239-243, pp. 141-142, fig. 57, pl. 63. 44 have been found at Thespiai (Schilardi 1977, I, p. 422). Stoppers

186

9. POURINGVESSELSFOR OTHEROR UNKNOWNLIQUIDS

(e.g. 1204), still closely tucked up under the flaring mouth. On the latest complete piece (1206), probablydating in the firstquarterof the 2nd century,the neck is longer and the handles attached well below the mouth. 1207, also with a long neck, shows further development in the angular profileof the mouth; its context suggestsa late Hellenistic date. Canteens are very rare in deposits dating after ca. 150, but a few uninventoriedfragmentsin Sullan debris and other late Hellenistic contexts suggest that they continued to be manufactured.45 The potters apparently took special pride in this shape and often identified their work with stamps, a rare practice at this time. Very few potters' stamps are preservedon other shapes, but at least seven of the Agora canteens are stamped, and six other stamped canteens are known to me.46 All the stamped pieces at the Agora come from 2nd-century contexts. The best-attested name is Aopo0ou, which appears on one complete canteen and two fragments(1206, 1209, 1210). The stamp is remarkablysimilar to that of a fabricant of Rhodian amphoras known from amphora handles in the building fill of the Middle Stoa and from the great amphora deposit at Pergamon.47 If this does in fact refer to the same manufacturer,the canteens should be dated in the firstquarter of the 2nd century. The fragmentary stamp ]HE on 1211 may be restored as 'HpacxXde~Ls by comparison with identical stamps on other canteens; the stamp is similar to one found on Koan amphoras.48 The syllable 4IA[,preserved on 1212, begins many Greek names, but it is interesting to note the stamp (IlXovoq on two 4th-century black-glazed vessels (a hydria and a pelike);49of these the hydria does not seem to be Attic but has its best parallels with pieces from Rhodes and Alexandria. Stamps known from canteens in the National Museum at Athens include 'AtoXXoav[,close to a fabricantstamp found on Rhodian amphoras;50A6pou, with a parallel on Such coincidences of names and close similaritiesof stamps Koan amphoras;51and 'AVTLX6Xo.52 on canteens and transport amphoras suggest, of course, that the canteens are mostly imported products, brought to Athens from Kos and Rhodes along with cargoes of wine. But there are strong indications that the vessels were produced locally. The fabric and the glaze seem, to the eye, to be Attic, and chemical analysis,conducted by the Fitch Laboratoryof the British School at Athens, revealed that the fabric falls within Attic parameters(see Appendix II). Furthermore,the concentration of the type in Athens suggestslocal manufacture. The close parallelswith Koan and Rhodian stamps remain a puzzle. Deliberate copying of amphora stamps seems unlikely;so does a large-scale immigration of potters from the Dodecanese to Attica. Given the still incomplete 45 One fragment each was found in H 12:1, F 13:3, F 19:3 (lower fill), M 20:1 and two in N 19:1. They have also been found in destruction debris from the first half of the 1st century on Delos; see note 51 below. 46 Athens NM 2234, 2235, 2236, 2327, 13629; Charitonides 1981, A. 299, p. 182, fig. 6:a, pl. 37:car. 47 AvP VIII, ii, no. 1013, 460. I owe this and all other information p. regarding amphoras to the generosity of Virginia Grace, who compared rubbings taken from the canteen stamps by Roger Edwards with material from her files. 48 NM 2235; Charitonides 1981, A. 299, p. 182, fig. 6:a, pl. 37:
POURINGVESSELSFOR OTHEROR UNKNOWNLIQUIDS

187

data bank of clay samples from the Greekworld, it is perhapsbest to leave open the possibilitythat the vessels were manufacturedin the Dodecanese. If this is so, the relative rarityof the canteen in late Hellenistic deposits might reflect the same shift in trade patterns attested by the declining numbers of Rhodian amphoras in Athenian deposits of the mid-2nd century and later.53 53 Grace1985,p. 7.

10

COVERFED TOILETVESSELS PYXIS TYPEB (1214-1245; see Graph 8) The Type B pyxis,l the favoritejewelry and cosmetic box of the Hellenistic period, has a deep, slip-overlid with a domed top and a horizontal flange and a nearly straight,cylindricalwall below. The dome is usually surroundedby a scraped groove or molding; its center is elaborated in various ways and set off by a groove, a treatment that replaces the metal handle of Classical examples. The body has a ring foot, a convex lower wall normally offset from the flange on which the lid rests, and a cylindricalupper body. When covered the vessel is nicely symmetrical,with the the lid echoing the functional one of the body. These were the luxury purely decorative flange ofthe vessels of the woman's world, and the lid is almost always decorated in West Slope technique on dome and sides. Indeed, pyxides provide some of the finest examples of Attic West Slope painting, rivaling sympotic vessels in their quality. In this they continued the tradition of the 4th century,when the Type B pyxis was a popular shape in the gold-decorated repertoire.2 The earliest example in that technique probably dates to the third quarter of the 4th century, but the shape was alreadybeing made in figuredware a century earlier.3It continued to be produced throughout the Hellenistic period in Athens. Black-glazedType B pyxides were always rare, but occasional examples are known in the 5th and 4th centuries.4 The lid and body must, of course, havveloped in tandem, but in the absence of matched pairs it is difficult to trace this parallel evolution. Out of thirty-eight inventoried vessels there are only one or possibly two matched pairs (1220 and perhaps 1236 and 1244). There are also chronological gaps in the evidence, particularly for the earlier part of the 2nd century. The material can, however, be arranged in three chronological groupings: elaborate pyxides of Classical type, early Hellenistic pyxides, and late Hellenistic ones. CLASSICAL (1214-1219)

There is much variety among the Agora examples, but they share an elaborate treatment of flange and foot. The flanges are usually partially reserved and often decorated with an impressedovolo on the top orthe verticalface. The earliestare very large (1214-1216), a feature that disappeared in the 3rd century to return later on. Traces of paint remain on three lids 1216 1218), one case with gilding, and these vessels clearly follow the tradition of (1215 1in the gold-decorated pyxides of the earlier 4th century. The elaborate kernos and the gilding on 1

Although the Hellenistic pyxides differ in some details from earlier ones, the terminology used here is that of

AgoraXII, pp. 174-178. A different terminology has been devised for Macedonia (see Drougou 1991, p. 166):Attic

Type B = Macedonian Type A; Attic Type B with moldmade feet = Macedonian Type B. The details that distinguish the earlier Attic Type B pyxis from its Hellenistic derivativeare discussed in Kotitsa 1994, pp. 38-42. 2 Kopcke 1964, pp. 26-31, pls. 9-15. 3 For recent discussion of the dating of the earliestgold-decoratedpyxides see Kotitsa 1994, p. 38. See AgoraXII, 174-175 for antecedents. pp. 5th-century 4 P 9531, P 23986, P 23869 (AgoraXII, nos. 1291-1293, p. 327, pl. 43 [5th century]); P 29224 (Shear 1973, p. 131, note 28, pl. 28:1 [third quarterof 4th century]).

PYXIS

189

1215 suggest an early date, certainly still within the 4th century. But the garland on 1218, which is accented with white dots in true West Slope style, is best paralleled on pieces dating in the first quarterof the 3rd century,suggestingthat elaborate boxes of this type, though of smallersize, continued to be made well into the early Hellenistic period. Two fragmentsof elaborate feet from large vessels, stamped and gilded (1339, 1340), could perhaps also come from pyxides of this type. H.T.JFNISTIC (1220-1244) Early (1220-1234). Most Hellenistic pyxides are considerably simpler in shape than the pieces discussed above.5 Stamped decoration is absent, and only in the earlier examples is there grooving in the face of the flange. At the head of the series stands the only certain instance of a paired body and lid (1220). The flange of the lid was pierced with two holes, probably for a thong to attach it to its body. This probablyexplainswhy the two pieces found their way into the garbage together. Its link to the Classical pieces is evidenced by the division of the dome into zones and by the grooved faces of the flanges. The decoration, however,is fully West Slope, with abundant use of white. This and the context place it close to 275. Slightly simpler but still with grooved flange is 1221; the leaping dolphins on its lid suggest a date in the second quarter of the 3rd century. The painted decoration on the lids 1223-1226 places them in this range as well. They belong to the Dikeras, Edwards, and BracketLeaf Groups, and it is interestingto note that these toilet vessels emanated from the same shops that were producing the finest ceramic drinking vessels of the day. They are smaller and simpler than 1220 and 1221 and have plain flanges. 5 As a common grave gift, the pyxis is best attested in those areas of Greece where the practice of furnishing with in continued into the Hellenistic abandoned there is a particularlyrich Athens, graves period; pottery largely series from Macedonia. Forpublished examples of the shape (withWest Slope decoration unless otherwise noted) see the following. Attic: Sch6ne-Denkinger 1994, p. 37, pl. l:y (Kerameikos);CVA,Oxford 1 [GreatBritain 3], pls. IV [96]:9 and XLVII [139]:7, of the Dikeras Group ("fromSouth Russia");Watzinger 1901, no. 19, p. 75 (in Berlin);Vanderpool, McCredie, and Steinberg 1962, no. 17, p. 35, pl. 20 (blackglazed, Koroni); CVA,Vienna 1 [Austria 1], p. 42, pl. 50 [50]:4, 5 ("aus Sudrussland");CVA,Warsaw6 [Poland 9], pl. 13 [389]:2, 3. From other centers of production: Corinth VII, ii, nos. 559-583, pp. 96-98, pls. 19, 57 (most unglazed, one black glazed); Himmelmann n.d., no. 19, p. 36, pl. 19 (said to be from Corinth); Kyriakou 1994, pp. 192-193, pls. 138, 141 (Patras);AeX- 24, 1969, B' 1 [1970], p. 144, pl. 142:8,cr (black glazed, Messenia); EretriaII, IV.68, p. 62, pls. 21, 40; Vollmoeller 1901, pp. 356-357, fig. 5 (Eretria);DemetriasI, nos. 60, 61, p. 102, pl. XXI:4, 8, pl. 37:1, 2; Arvanitopoulos 1928, p. 47, fig. 57 (also from Demetrias);Arvanitopoulos 1912, p. 110, fig. 8 on p. 107 (unpainted, fromThessaly); AeXr 33, 1978, B' 3 [1985], p. 133, pl. 45:a (Lamia);Veroia, pp. 140-148, figs. 28-30, pls. 6, 7,24, 25, 51, 59, 65, 68, 69, with additional bibliographyin note 89 on p. 143; Andronicos 1961, no. 1, p. 41, fig. 19 (Veroia); Allamani and Tzanavari 1994, p. 94, pl. 44:y (Veroia);Petsas 1963, XXV A 5, 6, p. 247, pl. 147:y, 9 (blackglazed, Vergina); AeXr 22, 1967, B' 2 [1969], pp. 386, 391, pls. 291:8 (West Slope), 296:a (black glazed, Thessaloniki); Tsibidou-Auloniti 1994, pp. 82, 84-85, pis. 39:a, 40:13,e (Thessaloniki,mostly black glazed); Macridy 1911, p. 198, fig. 10 on p. 200 (Langaza);AeXr 20, 1965, B' 3 [1968], p. 445, pl. 517:P (Amphipolis);Drougou and Touratsoglou 1994, p. 134, pl. 73:y (Thessaloniki),8 (Veroia);Drougou 1991, pp. 77, 86 (Veroia),p. 126 (Edessa),p. 157 (Eordaia); AeX 21, 1966, B' 2 [1968], p. 336, pls. 353:a, 358:ao (Thessaloniki),and pp. 344-345, pls. 364:y, 365:C (black glazed, Loggos Edesses); Sokolovska 1994, pp. 216-217, pls. 161-165 (Isar-Marvinci [Vardarvalley]); AeXt 17, 1961-1962, B' [1963], p. 183, pl. 210:3 (unglazed?, Naupaktos); AeXt 27, 1972, B' 2 [1977], p. 490, pl. 418:e; Andreou 1994, pp. 201-202, pls. 146:p, 148:a (Leukada);BCH 91, 1967, pp. 670-671, fig. 3 (Corfu);Gravani 1986, p. 126, fig. 129:7 (Kassope);Baziotopoulou-Valavani1994, p. 53, pl. 22 (Kallipolis [Aitolia]);AeXt 29, 1973-1974, B' 2 [1979], p. 541, pl. 366:a, 1, 8 (Thurreion);Maroulaki and Niniou-Kindeli 1994, p. 219, figs. 8, 9 (Chania); Patsiada 1990, nos. 193-197, 199-203, pp. 196-200, fig. 31, pls. 78, 79 (Rhodes); CVA,Copenhagen 4 [Denmark4], p. 141, pl. 181 [184]:5 (Rhodes); CVA,Musee Scheurleer 2 [Netherlands 2], pl. 4 [86]:9, 10 (banded), 12, 15 (from Greece); CVA,Fogg Museum and Gallatin Collections 1 [USA 8], p. 43, pl. XXV [363]:1, 3 (black glazed, called Attic, but the shape and form, with human head for knob, are otherwise unknown in Attica); Hampe 1971, no. 108, pp. 72-73, pl. 71.

10. COVEREDTOILETVESSELS

190

The delicate ivy garland of 1222 would be at home any time in the firsthalf of the 3rd century,but the grooved flange arguesfor a date near 275. Of the two black-glazedpieces, 1227 may be dated in the first half of the 3rd century on the basis of context. There is no hard evidence for the date of 1228, found as a fragmentin a late Hellenistic context. The quality of the glaze suggestsa 3rd-centurydate, but the large size and more stronglyconcave cylinder anticipate developments of the later Hellenistic period. The bodies, lacking painted decoration, are more difficult to date. 1220, with its small, molded ring foot with a scraped groove in the resting surface, provides a fixed point near the beginning of the series, around 275. Contexts indicate that 1229 and 1230, though smaller and less carefully made, may be slightly earlier. The scraped groove was omitted from the resting surfaces of pyxides made after ca. 250 (1232, 1233). One example with a plain ring foot (1234) probably dates in the first quarterof the 2nd century. It has the smooth lower wall, without offset, that will be normal on late Hellenistic pyxides. Late (1235-1244). There is a gap in the series in the middle years of the 2nd century, but deposits of the late 2nd and early 1st century,especially Sullan destructiondebris, have produced a good sample of late Hellenistic pyxides. The large pyxis regained its earlier popularity in the late 2nd century; most examples of this date are greater than 15 cm. in diameter, some nearly twice that large. The lids have stronglyconcave lower walls and high domes with convex, slightly sunken centers. The uniformity of the painted decoration, with its preference for large, gaudy garlands, suggests that these pieces are contemporary,possibly all products of a single shop; they have all been placed within the Large Leaf Groupsthat are typical of the best West Slope painting of the late Hellenistic period. On the bodies, the molded foot has been abandoned and the lower body is deep, running into the flange with no offset. The walls of the upper body are straightand steeply inclined. A slightly earlier stage of development is illustrated by 1239, from Thompson's Group E, which retains the offset and the shallow lower body. WITH MOLDMADE FEET

(1245)

In other areas of Greece, especially in Macedonia, the Type B pyxis was often equipped with three moldmade feet, usually in the form of lion's paws.6 A relief emblem usually decorates the center of the lid, and the whole probably imitated silver prototypes.7 A fragment of a lion foot (1245) seemingly of Attic fabric attests the existence of this type in Athens. There is no direct evidence for the date of this piece, but production of the lion-paw pyxis in Macedonia is probably limited to the span ca. 185-125.8

6 Thetypeisdiscussed indetailbyDrougou andTouratsoglou innote97). (Veroia, pp.146-147,withbibliography

For published examples see Watzinger 1924, G 4, p. 68, pl. 50 (Boiotia);AeXt 29, 1973-1974, B' 2 [1979], p. 541, pl. 366:y (Thurreion); Arvanitopoulos 1928, p. 59, figs. 76, 77 (Demetrias); AeXr 21, 1966, B' 2 [1968], p. 336, pl. 358:P, 8 (Thessaloniki);Vickers 1981, no. 9, pp. 549-550, fig. 10 (Thessaloniki;called Attic by Vickers but more likely Macedonian); BCH 91, 1967, pp. 714-715, figs. 4, 5 (Veroia);Makaronas and Miller 1974, p. 251 (near Leukadia); CVA,Brussels 3 [Belgium 3], pl. 2 [140]:9 and CVA,Reading 1 [Great Britain 12], pp. 60-61, pl. 40 [567]:5 a, b (Alexandria);Bailey 1972, no. 61.7-24.12, p. 9, pl. 3:b, c (Benghazi);Sichtermann 1966, no. 108, p. 61, pl. 155 (Ruvo). 7 For a parallel in silver see Wuilleumier 1930, pp. 9-33, pls. 1, 2. 8 Drougou 1991, XpovoXoytx6dqitvaxact oXac&T:v.

PYXIS

191

TYPEC (1246) The Type C pyxis has a decorative flange at the bottom of the wall, but its lid is supported by a functional flange at the top of the wall. It was popular in the Classical period, when the lid commonly carried red-figured decoration, and almost all examples date before the middle of the 4th century.9 The slendererproportionsand deeper lower body of 1246, however,suggest that it was made later, in the second half of the 4th century. TYPED (1247-1253; see Graph 8) A fourth type of pyxis is attested by three small cylindricalvessels and six lids. The pyxides have slightlyconcave walls with no foot; the undersidesare reserved. The rim is set back to provide a restingplace for the plain lid, which is unglazed inside. In design these are similarto the Classical Type D pyxis,1?but they probably originated as copies of wooden or possibly ivory prototypes. Wooden examples have been found in the BlackSea region, where the shape is thought to continue into Roman times.11 The form was produced in ivory in the Mycenaean period.12 These vessels are smaller in diameter than Classical Type D pyxides (Diam. 3.4-4.7 cm.), so small, in fact, that they would not have been convenient containers for jewelry. More likely they served as jars for ointment or cosmetics. A graffitoon one of the lids (1250) gives a weight notation of 14 drachmas,perhaps the weight of the vessel, to be subtractedfrom the weight when filled with a commodity. Six of the nine inventoried examples were found outside the northwest corner of the Agora (Area D-I 13-17); perhaps a purveyor of the commodity in question was located there. A somewhat larger version of the shape was found in a 3rd-centurygrave in Elis.13 It had been placed in a box together with an unguentarium, a mirror,and bronze scissors and tongs, a clear indication that the shape was connected with women's toiletries. The majority of the preserved examples come from 3rd-century deposits. The unglazed undersides would favor an early-3rd-centuryor even 4th-century date, but a closely similarpyxis was found in a grave in the Kerameikos along with several fusiform unguentaria that date in the first half of the 3rd century, in my estimation.14 This date agrees well with the contexts of 1247 and 1252; it is possible that 1249, with its straighterwalls, is slightly later. A single large pyxis (1253) of somewhatsimilarshape may be consideredhere. The cylindrical wall runs into a projecting foot at the bottom, and a flange rather than an inset below the rim would have supported a lid. The pyxis was apparentlydesigned to hold long, thin objects, since it is too narrowto retrieve small things from the bottom. The context suggestsa date in the late 2nd or early 1st century. The shape may have been influenced by that of imported white-ground pyxides (cf. 1562). 9 AgoraXII, p. 176; see Roberts 1978, pp. 169-173 and fig. 17:d for 4th-century figured pyxides of Type C.

10 AgoraXII,

pp. 177-178.

11 For wooden

pyxides see Rieth 1955, Type B, cols. 12-17, 21-22, figs. 5, 6, 14, 15, from graves in Kerch and Olbia; AA [JdI 55], 1940, cols. 620-623, fig. 6, also from the Black Sea. 12 Cf. for example the two ivory pyxides from a 14th-centurychamber tomb on the north slopes of the Areopagos (AgoraXIV, pp. 6-7, pls. 17:b, 18). 13 Themelis 1994, no. 9, 152, p. pls. 79:y, 86:P. 14 Schlorb-Vierneisel1966, no. 170:1, p. 96, pl. 59:1 (theredated to the middle of the last quarterof the 4th century). For other examples, not from closely dated contexts, see Ghali-Kahil 1954, p. 244, under K 4, fig. 29 (Thasos); BCH 82, 1958, p. 759, fig. 8 (Thessaloniki);Adriani 1940, no. 3, p. 113, pl. XLVIII:2 (Alexandria,Hadra necropolis); Pagenstecher 1913, p. 139, fig. 144:1(Alexandria).

10. COVERED TOILET VESSELS

192

LEKANIS LEKANIS HANDIT.EL.SS (1254-1262; see Graph 8) The standard lekanis of Hellenistic Athens was a broad bowl, sometimes slightly angular in profile,with a ring foot and an external flange below the rim to receive the lid, which was probably of the reversibletype (see below). Only eleven examples of Hellenistic date have been inventoried at the Agora, ranging from the early Hellenistic to the early Roman period, with a long gap in the middle of the series (250-120 B.C.).Lekanidesof the firsthalf of the 3rd century are characterized by a heavy, broad-based foot (1254, 1255); this is replaced by a plain ring foot in later bowls. On late Hellenistic lekanides,as on earlierones, the profilemay be continuously curved or slightly angular, but the angle, when present, is more pronounced (e.g. 1256, 1257). Large bowls first appear in the immediately pre-Sullan years (1259, 1260), continuing on in the later 1st century, when they, like the lids, were glazed red (1261, 1262). These may be deep or shallow and have sharply inclined rims. REVERSIBLELID (1263-1306;

see Graph 8) A sturdy, shallow lid with a vertical edge and a broad knob in the form of a ring foot is

present in the Agora in sixty inventoried examples, almost all of them Hellenistic in date. It has antecedents in the 5th century but achieved its standard form in the second quarter of the 4th century,when it was almost alwaysfigured and probably served as the cover of the handleless bowl that became the standard lekanis of the Hellenistic period.15 Earlier examples of the lid have a depression in the center of the floor,probably for mixing cosmetics; the vessel was almost certainly a toilet article, perhaps overlappingin function with the pyxis. Indeed, in the late 2nd and early 1st century, reversiblelids and pyxides often bear very similar decoration. The shape was very popular in Athens but apparentlynot elsewhere.16 The knob of earlier examples is usually molded and sometimes sits on a low stem. The wall may be slightly convex or concave and is set off from the vertical rim by one or more grooves; grooves also surround the knob. There is a great range in size, from 7 to 46.5 cm. in diameter. Lids of medium size (Diam. 17-23 cm.) were made throughout the period; large lids became much more common in the late 2nd and 1st century. The shape grew tremendouslyin popularity in the late Hellenistic period. The majority of the Agora examples come from deposits of the late 2nd century and later. Like their Classical predecessors,Hellenistic lids are usually painted, now in West Slope technique; black-glazed lids are known only in the early Hellenistic period

(1263, 1264). 15 AgoraXII, p. 168. For red-figuredreversiblelids see Olynthus XIII, no. 63, pp. 119-121,pl. 86;ClRh VI-VII, 1932-1933, XXVIII.1, pp. 516-517, figs. 45, 46; Talcott and Philippaki 1956, no. 179, pp. 43-44. Only two black-glazed lids from the Agora appear to be pre-Hellenistic (P 8187, P 20250 [AgoraXII, nos. 1240, 1241, p. 323, fig. 11,pl. 41]). For paired lids and bodies see CIRhVI-VII, 1932-1933, loc.cit. (Rhodes); AeX-r3, 1917, no. 11, p. 234, fig. 169:1 (Thebes); Kerameikos XIV, nos. 56:1, 132:2, pp. 58, 121, pis. 44:1, 52:4; Marangou 1985, nos. 170, 171, p. 116 (in the N. P. Goulandris Collection); and, with a slightly different knob, AeXk 26, 1971, B' 1 [1974],

no. 24, p. 235,pl. 205:P,(ina privatecollectionin Lamia). 16 Exceptat Pergamon,whereseveralarereported:Behr1988,nos.74-90, 103,pp. 161-167, 174, figs.17-20, 23, pl. 17:2-5. A few exampleshave been publishedfromother sites: Demetrias I, no. 59, p. 102, pls. XXI:9, 36:2; Patsiada1990,no. 192,p. 196, pl. 77:8andno. 206, pp. 200-201, fig.31, pl. 79:8(Rhodes);Pfrommer1985,no. 45, p. 57, fig. 45 on p. 72, possiblythe lid of no. 44, p. 57, fig.44 on p. 71 (Miletos);Ephesos IX, ii/ii, B 140, pp. 43, 54, pl. 62; Hubner1984,S16 253, pp. 180-182,fig.6 (Be?ikTepe).

LEKANIS

193

There is little evidence for the dating of the earliest pieces in the Agora series. Though similar in profile to examples from the second quarter of the 4th century, 1263 was rejected by Sparkes and Talcott as late because there is no depression in the floor. It is still, however, within the Classical tradition. The first piece to show development beyond that tradition, and the last to be without painted decoration, is 1264, dating in the first quarter of the 3rd century and distinguished from earlier lids by its more angular profile and by the grooves in the wall. Four lids with West Slope decoration (1265-1268) illustrate the gradual abandonment of the depression in the floor over the course of the second quarter of the 3rd century; it is present on 1267, vestigial on 1266 and 1268, and lacking altogether on 1265. On all four of these, however, the knob is well made, sometimes molded or grooved, sometimes on a low stem; after about 250, however,the knob was no longer molded, and its upper surfacewas usually plain (e.g. 1269, 1270). The earliest very large lid (1271) may tentatively be placed around 200 on the basis of the painted decoration. The simple ornament, narrowfoot, and greater relativeheight of 1272 place it slightly later. As with pyxides, there is a gap in the evidence for the middle years of the 2nd century. The reversible lid is next encountered in two examples in Thompson's Group E (see 1273), which illustrate its typical late Hellenistic form. The upper surface of the raised edge of the knob is usually deeply grooved. The wall may be convex (e.g. 1278) but more normally has a convex-concave profile, flaring out slightly towards the bottom. Two scraped grooves are placed at the top and bottom of the wall. The two examples in Group E are moderate in size (Diam. ca. 24 cm.), but larger lids occur in Sullan and immediately post-Sullan contexts, suggesting that a taste for large vessels was developing in the years ca. 120-86 (e.g. 1278-1280) and possibly theof the vessel. The rims remain approximatelyvertical except in reflecting a change in the use one example, 1279, which has the inclined rim that was to become common later on. There is also a change in the pattern of decoration, which becomes standardon these late vessels. The star that had commonly decorated the knob since the 3rd century is no longer confined to the central area but extends onto the inner vertical face, its rays often ending in blobs (e.g. 1279). On the walls appear the bold floral motifs of the Large Leaf Groups,with dots, diagonal lines, and bead-and-reel border patterns between the pairs of scraped grooves. The reversible lid is one of the few shapes where development may be followed with some assurancein the post-Sullanperiod. The lids continuedto be a popularitem in the later 1st century, with the important difference that they were almost always fired red instead of black and may therefore be classified as Mottled Oliver (see pp. 43-45 above). There are fragments of fourteen red-glazed lids from contexts ranging in date from the second quarterof the 1stcentury B.C. to the middle of the 1st century after Christ and at least twenty more from less well dated contexts, giving us a substantialbody of materialfrom this span. Examplesfrom E 14:3, the earliestcontext to produce Mottled Oliver lids (1284, 1285), are identical to black-glazed lids except that the grooves on 1284 are glazed instead of scraped. Change can be noted on lids from slightly later contexts (1286-1288); the grooves on the wall are glazed, and new painted motifs (lozenges and a large olive garland)appear for the firsttime. The greaterheight of 1288 and 1290 and the slightly concave wall of 1290 also show furtherdevelopment, pointing ahead to the markedchanges that would occur in the second half of the 1st century B.C. The latest lids are well illustratedby 1291 and 1292 from Group E They are much taller than earlier examples, the profile is bell shaped, and the knobs are so small in diameter that the vessels are no longer reversiblein any practical sense. The rims of such later lids are sometimes inclined (e.g. 1291, 1294), and one is embellished

194

10. COVERED TOILET VESSELS

with Roman-style rouletting (1294). The shape probably did not survive beyond the end of the 1st century B.C. The decoration of Mottled Oliver lids is in part derived from pre-Sullan lids of the Large Leaf Groups, and the pieces probably originated in the same workshops: compare 1278 and 1284, virtually identical except for the color of the glaze. The two groups share ivy garlands, spearhead necklaces, trefoil garlands, and bead-and-reel borders, but a number of new motifs appear on the later lids. Some are new versions of earlierthemes: bead and reel used as the main decoration on the wall instead of as a subsidiarymotif (1285, 1290); olive garlands(1288, 1293); wreaths (1292, 1301). But in the second half of the 1st century,on lids of the latest phase of the Mottled Oliver series, motifs appear that are unprecedentedin the earlierWest Slope repertoire. This raises questions about the function of the lids, for many of these motifs can be identified as symbols associated with the popular Egyptian goddess Isis. The sistrum, a distinctive rattle with three crossbarswith hooked ends, appears on at least three lids (see 1296). It had served as a musical instrumentin Egypt since pharaonic times and was one of the most distinctive and persistent cult accoutrements of the Egyptian gods outside their homeland. There is abundant evidence, too, for its use in Athens; on a series of Attic gravestones ranging in date from the last third of the 1st century to the 4th century after Christ, an initiate wearing the Isis costume holds a sistrum in her upraised right hand.17 On 1300 the sistrum alternates with a knotted piece of cloth; this is probably the sacred knot of Isis, another symbol inherited from pharaonic iconography and featured in the costume of priestesses and devotees of the goddess.18 On at least two lids (1296, 1297) the sistrumalternateswith a vertical object, probably a scroll tied with ribbons. There is copious evidence for the importance of texts of various kinds in the Isaic cult. A remarkablenumber of aretalogies and hymns to the goddess have been preservedin stone and must have existed in paper copies as well, and referencesto texts and books occur frequently in the literary sources. For example, Plutarch(Is. et Os. 351F-352C), in his discussionof Isis and Osiris, refersto sacredwritings,knowledge of which was an important advantage of initiation; and the priest consults a sacred book in preparation for the initiation of Lucius in Apuleius' Metamorphoses (11.22). A scribe figuresamong the functionariesof the cult. He is pictured at the temple, reading prayers for the well-being of the emperor and the empire in the Metamorphoses (11.17). A figureholding a scrollin a wall painting from the Iseum at Pompeii and on a Hadrianic relief in the Vatican is also probably a scribe.19 The scroll on the lids is likely,then, to represent a third Isaic symbol. The incomplete motifs on 1295 may simply represent unusual and lush floral decoration, but they can also be interpreted as Isaic. Two objects are approximatelythe shape of a sistrum but lack the crossbarsand could instead represent large, closed buds. There are also two more elaborate budlike motifs, possibly stylized Isis crowns like those that appear regularlyas stamped motifs on late Hellenistic plates and bowls, especially in Eastern Sigillata A.20 The bird, with its 17 Conze 1893-1922, IV, nos. 1954-1972, pp. 54-61, pls. CCCCXX-CCCCXXV; Walters 1988. For the dating of the reliefs see Walters 1988, pp. 31, 67. For discussion of the sistrum see Walters 1988, pp. 20-21 and Dunand 1973, III, pp. 220-221. 18 Walters 1988, pp. 4-16; the knot is illustratedwith a good drawing in fig. 1 and passimin the plates. For its pharaonic form and possible symbolismsee le Corsu 1977, fig. 9 on p. 14, p. 24. 19 For the scribe see Dunand 1973, III, pp. 154-155 and Griffiths 1975, p. 265. For the painting in the Iseum see Tran Tam Tinh 1964, no. 30, p. 130, pl. V:2, with comments on p. 92; for the Vatican relief see Wild 1981, pl. XIII. 20 Samaria III, pp. 322-324, figs. 74-76; for an example in larger scale, in stone, see Dunand 1973, II, pl. XXXVII.

195

LEKANIS

strongly decurved bill, may be intended as an ibis, a sacred bird of Egypt that, if paintings of Isaic ritual from Herculaneum are to be believed, wandered at will in the goddess'sshrines.21Even the palms on 1295 find parallels in Isaic context; palm fronds decorate the door of the sanctuary or flank the temple of the goddess in the Herculaneum paintings and are carried by priests in the procession of Isis described by Apuleius (Metamorphoses 11.11) and in reliefs and paintings.22 The vertical objects between the palms on 1295 recall the two feathers of the goddess's crown.23 In this connection it is instructiveto note a stylisticlink between the Mottled Oliver lids and a series of small situlae produced in the late 2nd and early 1st century (571-576). The simple decoration of dots or bead and reel that appears on the upper bodies of the situlae is similar to that on 1285 and 1290. The. situla was another important accoutrement of the cult of Isis. It was used for libations of milk or water, and it, like the sistrum, is often carried by the initiate on grave stelai and other Isaic monuments.24 How might the reversiblelids have functioned within the cult of Isis? If, as seems clear from their ancestry,the vessels are indeed lids, they must have overed bowls of some sort, most likely handleless lekanides. In contrast to the large number of lids, however,only two large, red-glazed, handlelesslekanideshave been inventoriedfrom Ist-centurydeposits, and two more (black-glazed) from contexts of the immediately pre-Sullan period. Although it is true that the bowls would be less readily recognizable than the lids, their rims are distinctive,and a search through the context pottery of the 1st century has produced only a few more examples. Possibly,then, the lids covered vessels made of perishable materials. Among the cult paraphernalia that appear on the Isaic gravestonesof Attica is a container with a pointed top, the cistamysticain which sacred cult objects were kept.25 The bodies and lids of the vessels on the stelai are horizontally ridged and (secreta) appear to be baskets.26 The high, pointed lids with their small knobs, however, are similar in shape to Mottled Oliver reversible lids. These lids thus may have covered baskets rather than ceramic lekanides;certainly the enormous sizeof some examples is more suitable to a cistathan to a normal toilet article. These need not, however, have been official cult vessels (they seem too humble for that) but were perhaps mementos of initiation made in imitation of the sacred cistae.If this hypothesis is correct, the appearance of the scroll is particularlyinteresting. Plutarchwrites: [Isis]... disclosesthe divinemysteriesto thosewho trulyandjustlyhavethe nameof "bearersof the sacredvessels"and "wearersof the sacredrobes." These are those who, withintheir own the about clearof allsuperstitionand soul,as thoughwithina xion, bearthe sacred sitgodswritings pedantry. Is.etOs.352B(Loebtranslation,adapted) 21 Forthepaintings seeTranTamTinh 1964,pls.XXIII,XXIV;botharealsoillustrated at smallscalein Witt

1971,pls. 23, 26.

22 For comments on the palm, commonly associated with Anubis in the Greco-Roman cult, see Griffiths 1975,

pp. 198-203. For representationssee, for example, a relief on a column from the Iseum at Rome (Wild 1981, p. 304, pl. XVIII:4) and a painting in the Iseum at Pompeii (TranTam Tinh 1964, no. 32, p. 136, pl. IV:2, with comments on p. 93). 23 Especially those on a stone crown, Dunand 1973, II, p. 222, pl. XXXVII. 24 Walters 1988, passim,with discussion of the situla on pp. 21-25. 25 The cista usually appears in the gable of the stele; see Walters 1988, pls. 14:d, 15:a, 23:b, c, 24:d, 36:d, 40:c, Conze 51:a; 1893-1922, IV, no. 1962, p. 57, pl. CCCCXXII:1, nos. 2139-2141, pp. 107-108. For discussion of the cistasee Walters 1988, pp. 29-30. 26 This is even clearer in a painting from Pompeii; see Tran Tam Tinh 1964, no. 18, p. 130, pl. XV:2.

196

10. COVERED TOILET VESSELS

within the cistaand are symbolically represented The sacred writings, then, are among the secreta the scroll on the lid. by Isis already had a hieronin Peiraieus in the time of Alexander the Great, and Serapis was being worshiped in Athens by the end of the 3rd century, but it was not until later that these cults became generally popular in the city.27 The increased occurrence of theophoric names compounded with Isis and Serapis atteststhe growth of the cult of the Egyptian gods in Athens in the second half of the 2nd century,28and Isis and her crown appear on Athenian coins of the last quarter of that century,29well before Isaic symbols appear on reversible lids. It is striking, though, that the Isaic symbols on the lids and the series of Isaic grave stelai mentioned above both begin at about the same time, attesting some development within the cult of Isis in the latter half of the 1st century. Unlike the stelai, however, the lids quickly went out of use; few if any were made after the 1st century. Perhaps cistaecompletely of basketrywere used thereafter. of the Mottled Oliver lids come Two-thirds of from the thrwestern them excavations. part of thirteen were found within the foundations of the Southwest Fountain House Fragments to more somewhat to the west, (Area H-I 15), four were scatteredin the areas thesouth, and five three in including complete examples the Cybele Cistern (E 14:3). Another, lesser concentration occurred slightly to the north, on the Kolonos Agoraios, with five pieces coming from deposits D 11:1, D 11:4, D 12:2, and B 12:1. In addition, four situlae (three of them late Hellenistic) were found in well G 14:2, to the northwest of the Southwest Fountain House (571, 572, 578, 1372). This suggests the possibility that a focus of Isaic cult activity was located somewhere in this area. Literary and epigraphical evidence points to two areas where Isis was worshipped in Athens, to the east of the Agora and on the south slope of the Akropolis,30and it hardly seems necessary to posit a third shrine. Note, however,that water played a remarkablyimportantrole in the cult of Isis, and most of the identifiedsanctuariesof the goddess have installationsfor water.31 The Southwest Fountain House, where so many fragments of lids were found, was, of course, a water source. The building was damaged in the 1st century,probablyby Sulla, and its subsequent historyis unclear. Preliminaryinvestigationindicates,however,that the supplypipes and overflow were repaired and that the site continued to providewater until the 3rd century after Christ.32In the Metamorphoses (11.23), Lucius, the prospective initiate, visits a public bath to purify himself for the coming ceremony. Perhaps Athenian initiates used the Southwest Fountain House for similar preliminaryceremonies. SMALL(1304-1306)

Three very small lids may also have been associatedwith handleless lekanides and a number of paired small lids and bowls have been found in graves.33 They also served to cover other 27 The hieronof Isis in Peiraieus is first attested by an inscription of 333/2 (IG II2, 337, 11. 43-45); the earliest reference to Athenian worship of Serapis is IG II2, 1292 (216/5-215/4 B.c.). For the cult in Athens see Dow 1937,

pp. 184-232; Dunand 1973, II, pp. 4-17. 28 Dow 1937, pp. 216-224; Dunand 1973, II, pp. 6, 10. 29 M. Thompson 1961, nos. 1050-1066, pp. 350-353, pls. 116, 117 (Isiscrown, 125/4 B.C.);nos. 1169, 1173-1178, pp. 372-373, pl. 131 (Isis, 117/116 B.C.);nos. 1232, 1233, p. 382, pl. 138 (Isis?, 107/106 B.C.). 30 For the sanctuary east of the Agora see Pausanias 1.18.4; Dunand 1973, II, pp. 133-134. For the south slope shrine see Walker 1979, pp. 243-257. 31 Wild 1981. 32 Camp 1977, p. 116. 33 Vierneisel 1964, cols. 456, 460, fig. 50, right (Athens);Bruneau 1970, nos. 61.12, 81.4, pp. 478-485, figs. 113, 126 114, 125, (Argos). Another small lid (Barbouna IV, no. 2, p. 107, figs. 126, 129) is associated with a lekanis with handles.

LEKANIS

197

shapes.34 An even smaller version, undecorated and with a solid knob, appears as the lid of a

common pyre votive in the 4th and early 3rd centuries (see p. 214). LID(1307, 1308) LEKANIS Two small lids attest the survival of the Classical form of the lekanis lid, with its elegant, spreading knob, into the Hellenistic period.35 Both examples are decorated in West Slope technique and probably date within the 3rd century. 34

Vierneisel 1964, cols. 456, 460, fig. 50, left, covering a two-handled cup (Athens);Aekr 25, 1970, B' 1 [1972],

p. 120,pl. 85:P,coveringa feeder(Megara). 35 The shapeis knownalsoin HellenisticItaly;see CVA,Universityof Michigan1 [USA3], pl. XX [105]:6.

11 VESSELSFOR OTHER PURPOSES MEDICINE BOTTLE (1309-1313) These smallpots (H. 2.5-4.2 cm.) may be identifiedas medicine containersby comparisonwith ceramic and lead vessels of similarshape stampedwith the name of the drug lykion,an ointment used primarilyfor the treatmentof eye diseases.1 They would also have been convenient containers for other medicines and cosmetics. A comparablepot found in a grave at Barbouna contained white lead, commonly used in antiquityto lighten the complexion.2 The inkedlabel optX&vQo;("flower of youth")on a Syro-Palestinianjar could also referto a beauty preparation.3 Eugene Vanderpool suggested, however, that thirteen bottles of this type found together in a cistern in the northwest room of the Poros Building (see 1309) originallyheld hemlock for use in state executions.4 Seventeen of the medicine bottles from the Agora are probably of local manufacture; the somewhat different shapes and fabrics of five more suggest that they are imports (1769-1773). The Attic bottles are handleless and pear shaped, with a raised base or flat bottom and a fairly wide slightly flaring mouth.5 String marksare usually visible on their undersides, and most are glazed both inside and outside. The bottles from the Agora, and most parallels elsewhere, date within the Hellenistic period, but the shape may have come into use a bit earlier,for a fragmentary jar apparentlyof this type was found in a Corinthiangrave of the third quarterof the 4th century.6 The Agora examples fall into three groups. The first and best represented has a base with a flaring profile (1309-1311). On the earliest of these (1309) the point of greatest diameter is at about half-height, but the center of gravity is much lower on the others. The second type, in which the edge of the base is vertical, is represented by a single piece (1312) from a context associated with the Middle Stoa Building Fill and thus datable before ca. 175. The third variety, lacking a raised base, is present in two examples (see 1313), both from 3rd- or early-2nd-century contexts. I Sjqvist 1960, pp. 78-83. See also Priene,pp. 425-430; Prouglo 1966, pp. 192-202 (in Russian). For lead

examples from the Agora see H. A. Thompson 1948, p. 191, pl. LXIX:4 (IL 853, IL 904; IL 854, of the same shape, is not stamped). A labeled example said to be made of copper was recently found at Pentaplatanosin Macdeonia (Panayotou and Chrysostomou 1993, no. 12, pp. 381-382, figs. 17, 18). For labeled bottles of a different shape see 1775-1777. 2 Barbouna no. 12, pp. 67, 73, 76-77, figs. 72, 74. IV, 3 Smith 1992. 4 Vanderpool 1980, p. 20. Alternatively,this little collection of pots may have contained some remedy of habitual use. In an interesting 19th-centuryinstance, a large number of smallpots for Holloway'sOintment, a patent medicine for the cure of "inveterateulcers, bad legs, sore breasts, sore heads, gout, and rheumatism,"was found in a bothros east of the Agora. 5 Jars of similar shape from other sites include Corinth VII, iii, nos. 589-596, pp. 99-101, pls. 20, 58; Corinth XIII, no. 487:6, p. 290, pl. 78, and nos. 498:9, 10, pp. 293-294, pl. 78; Barbouna IV, no. 12, p. 67, figs. 72, 74; AeXr 26, 1971, B' 2 [1975], p. 378, pl. 372:8 (Thessaloniki);Callaghan 1978a, pp. 22-23, pl. 8:1 (Knossos);DelosXXVII, D 237, p. 261, pl. 49; Priene,no. 86, p. 425, fig. 538:6; Hershkovitz 1986 (Israel);HESamaria,Type 1.17, p. 302, fig. 181; BethShanII, ii, p. 42, pl. LI:14; Adriani 1940, p. 81, fig. 40:17 (Alexandria);SjOqvist1960, Type 3, p. 80, pl. 19 (figs. 7, 8), pl. 20, (figs. 11:5, 11:6)(Morgantina). 6 Corinth XIII, no. 487:6, p. 290, pl. 78.

INKWELL

199

INKWELL (1314-1328) A group of sixteen vessels of varied form are probably inkwells. All are small (H. 5.7-8.1 cm.), closed pots with a hole in the center of the top, and all are glazed both inside and out. The unglazed inner wall of an imported example (1778) preservesa gray stain that might be ink, and similar containers have been found elsewhere with the remains of ink still inside them.7 The earliest Greek inkwells that have so far come to light were part of the cargo of the Porticello shipwreck, dating to the late 5th and early 4th centuries.8 Also perhaps to be interpreted as inkwells, although of a different form, are a series of peculiar composite vessels from Olynthos, with one enclosed and one open compartment.9 Most other published examples date in the Hellenistic and Roman periods. 0 Although the Agora inkwellsare extremelyvaried in form, they share some common features. While most inkwellshad double mouths, constructedto preventthe ink from spilling out easily,all the Attic inkwells presented here have simple holes, with no provision to avoid spillage. Except for 1316-1318, however, they are provided with broad bases and would not have been easily overturned. ECHINUS (1314-1318)

These vessels have a profile similar to that of the footed saltcellar and rest on either a raised base or ring foot. The top is usually convex and slopes down to the hole. The somewhat better-designed 1315, however,has a concave top. The good quality of the glaze on the inkwells with raised bases (1314, 1315) argues for a date in the 4th century or the first half of the 3rd, as does their general similarity to the profiles of saltcellars and lamps of that date. 1316, with a ring foot, also has fine, Classical glaze, but the other two with this form of foot (1317, 1318) are less well glazed and are decorated on their tops with West Slope garlands. Possibly they date in the second half of the 3rd century. Finds elsewhere suggest that the type persisted into the Roman period. 1 ANGULAR(1319)

This form is present in only one example, which is decorated with a West Slope grapevine similar to those on kantharoi of the second half of the 3rd century. A somewhat similar but broader inkwell, also with West Slope decoration, has been found at Olympia.12 7 DarSag I, p. 528, s.v.Atramentarium;Broneer 1935, p. 72. 8 Eiseman and Ridgway 1987, C36-C43, pp. 60-62, figs. 4:22-24; Eiseman 1975, pp. 374-375, pl. 70. Another was found in the Kyrenia wreck, which sank at the beginning of the 3rd century (Katzev 1970, p. 9). 9 OlynthusV, nos. 1091-1104, pp. 260-261, pl. 194; the identification was suggested by SjOqvist(1959, p. 277). For another example of this unusual shape, from Crete, see Ducrey, Hadjimichali, and Picard 1976, no. 71 L 546, pp. 265-267, fig. 13. 10 For forms other than those representedat the Agora see Theochares and Chourmouziades 1970, pp. 204-205, fig. 2, right (Phthian Thebes); Baziotopoulou-Valavani1994, p. 54, pl. 24:3 (Kallipolis [Aitolia]); AeX- 27, 1972, B' 2 [1977], p. 419, pl. 352:8 (private collection in Larisa); Veroia,pp. 150-151, fig. 38; Adriani 1940, p. 117, fig. 53.45 (Alexandria);Sjoqvist 1959, pp. 275-277 (Morgantina,with a good discussionof ancient ink);Morel 1981, Series 7711, 7713, 7721, 7723-7746, pp. 416-418, pl. 207 (Italy);Bissing 1902, no. 3991, p. 89 (Egypt [faience]); Dtlos XVIII, nos. 679, 680, 683, pp. 255-256, pl. LXXXI (lead). For a selection of Roman inkwells see Oswald

and Pryce1920,pp. 209-210, pl. LXX;DarSagI, pp. 528-529, s.v.Atramentarium. 11 Broneer

1935, p. 72, fig. 17, from well VIII in the South Stoa at Corinth, filled in the second half of the 1st century after Christ; for the context see CorinthVII, iii, deposit 100, p. 227. For other Hellenistic examples of this type see Pagenstecher 1913, pp. 139-140, figs. 144:i, 145; Morel 1981, Type 7722a, p. 417, pl. 207. 12 OlBer VI, p. 43, fig. 20 (Olympia);see also AeXr 27, 1972, B' 2 [1977], p. 341, pl. 292:e, right (Chalkis).

11.VESSELS FOROTHERPURPOSES

200

TOP (1320, 1321) WITH CONCAVE CONCAVE

Two inkwells with a concave profile have a concave top designed, it seems, to catch ink that dripped from the pen.13 At the Agora this variety is attested only in the 3rd and early 2nd centuries. CONCAVEWITH CONVEXTOP (1322,

1323)

Two broad, low inkwells are similar to concave-wall saltcellars in profile, with projecting flanges at the top and bottom of the wall. The top is divided by a groove into a nearly flat outer area and a convex inner area that slopes down to the hole. The context and fabric of 1322 suggest a date in the 3rd century. There is no evidence for the date of 1323, which differs from 1322 in the form of the foot and may therefore not be contemporary with it. But the similarity to the profile of the saltcellar,which went out of production in the firstquarterof the 3rd century,tempts one to place it within the 3rd century as well. DoMED(1324-1326) 1324 is similar to 1322 in profile,but the center of the top rises above the outer rim, creating a dome. This vessel perhaps forms the link between the preceding type and the more developed domed inkwell as exemplified by 1325 and 1326. 1324 may date in the second half of the 3rd century, the fully developed examples in the first quarter of the 2nd century and perhaps later.14 SPHERICAL(1327, 1328)

A form well attested in the late Hellenistic period in the eastern Mediterranean has a broad, spreading foot and a spherical body, often decorated with an incised network pattern. Examples have been found in a late Hellenistic context on Delos and in a mid-2nd-century tomb in Macedonia.15 Its use in Athens can be traced back to the early 2nd century, as evidenced by an example from a deposit of that date (1327), but other Agora examples date in the midto late 2nd century (P 31848 from Thompson's Group D; 1328 from Group E). Inspirationfor the form, which, with its broad base, is a substantialimprovementover earlier types, may have come from Italy,where a similar shape was made in the 3rd century.16

LID (1329-1333) Two lids of the type usually associated with the amphora of Panathanaic shape17 have been inventoried (1329, 1330), one of them elaborately decorated in West Slope technique. The 13

In Roman times ink was expensive, and so one would want to avoid loss as much as mess. Diocletian's price

decree lists ink at twelve denarii per pound (Frank 1940, XVIII, line 11a, p. 369). 14

A similar inkwell was found on Samothrace in a tomb probably dating between the late 3rd and the mid2nd century (Karadima 1994, pp. 199-203, fig. 2); cf. also Corinth VII, iii, no. 604, p. 102, pls. 20, 58. 15 DTlosXVIII, no. 684, p. 256, pl. LXXXI; Zapheiropoulou 1994, no. 217, pp. 74-77, fig. 1 (Delos); Drougou 1991, p. 156 (Eordaia, Macedonia). A similar shape, with ovoid rather than spherical body, is reported from a cemetery in Chalkis dating from the 4th to the mid-2nd century (AeXk27, 1972, B' 2 [1977], p. 341, pl. 292:e, left). 16 Morel 1981, Series 7712, pp. 416-417, pl. 207. 17 The association of this type of lid with amphoras of Panathenaicshape in a variety of techniques is well attested: see CVA,Mus6e Scheurleer 1 [Netherlands 1], pl. 1 [39]:2 (4th-century gold-decorated amphora of Panathenaic shape); G. R. Edwards 1957, p. 321, pl. 82 (Panathenaicprize amphora of the first half of the 2nd century); Belin

ANDFRAGMENTS TIFlEDVESSELS UNIDEN

201

manufacture of prize amphoras continued, of course, throughout the Hellenistic period,18 and the plain black 1330 would fit such a vessel. The West Slope lid (1329), however,is far too large for any of the preserved prize amphoras,19which are unlikely to have had painted lids. 1331 is very small but may imitate the Panathenaic shape. 1332 is appropriate in size for a small lekanis lid, but instead of the normal ring knob it has the solid knob found on the lids of pyre lekanides (see p. 214 below). It is too large, however,and its context too late for it to have covered a pyre lekanis. The tiny and irregularlymade 1333 cannot be associated with any shape. UNIDENTIFIED VESSELS AND FRAGMENTS (1334-1361) Several intriguing fragments preserve only small parts of pots of uncertain identity. All are in some way unusual, and some may not be Attic. The profileof the bell-shaped 1334 is reminiscent of Archaic thymiaterion lids,20but it has a closed bottom. The two holes at the top suggest that something was suspended, possibly a clapper, but the closed base is not logical for a bell. The fabric is slightlyredder than is normal for Attica, but the piece could still be Attic. The triangular cutouts in the wall of 1335 suggest that it was the lid of a large thymiaterion,21although it could also have functioned as a stand. There is no trace of the darkeningfrom smoke that often appears on thymiaterion lids, but the piece comes from a workshop context and may never have been used. 1336 is a rectangularbase, possibly for a small altar,and can be dated approximatelyby its West Slope decoration. 1337, the base of a closed vessel, is interestingfor the elaborate treatment of the underside, with a reserved, grooved area surrounded by a band painted in West Slope technique. Painting on the underside of a vessel is unusual but not unique, for it also occurs on an early-3rd-centurysaltcellar (1072). The profile of 1338 resembles that of a saltcellar,but the interior is not well finished;it probably comes from a closed shape, most likely a pyxis. Base fragments from two very large vessels are partly reservedand decorated with impressed moldings (1339, 1340). Traces of gilding still remain on 1340, and the reserved areas of 1339 were painted. The fragmentscome from vessels that measured 40 cm. or more in diameter. One possibility is that they are the feet of large, elaborate pyxides. Lids for such vessels have been discussed above (pp. 188-189: see 12141216);22 like these thes feet, ty featurerereserved bands with stamping, but, as far as I know,the containers that went with them have not been identified. If this identificationis correct, we may date 1339 and 1340 with them, in the 4th century. The rim fragment of a drinking cup (1341) is of interest for the painted letters, probably to be restored as CEpVoO,one of the less common divine names on Attic cups. Painted letters also occur on 1342, an extremely delicate cup with a flaring upper wall and a nearly vertical de Ballu1972,pp. 113-114,pl. XLI:4(Hellenistic of Panathanaic Similar amphora shapewithreliefdecoration). lids have also been found in associationwith other types of amphoras (e.g.Andreou 1994, p. 203, pl. 151, from graves on Leukada). 18 G. R. Edwards 1957. 19 Roger Edwardspoints out to me that on ten published Panathenaicsfrom the Metropolitan Museum of Art, rim diameters range from 17.0 to 22.8 cm. (CVA,New York, MMA 3 [USA 12], pls. 38-47 [570-579], pp. 31-39). Diameters for the rims of Hellenistic Panathenaicsfrom the Agora are a little larger,ranging from 23.0 to 28.4 cm. (G. R. Edwards 1957), but still substantiallyunder the 34.7 cm. of 1329. 20 Cf. P 484 (AgoraXII, no. 1345, p. 331, pl. 44). 21 Cf. Saizewa 1962, pp. 189-192, from Olbia, of local fabric and smaller, but also with simple black-pattern

decoration. 22 Forcompleteexamples seeKopcke1964,nos.1,4, 6, 10,pp.26-27,pls.9:1,10:3,12:1.

202

11. VESSELSFOR OTHERPURPOSES

lip. These inscriptions,very rare before ca. 325, are a common featurefrom the last quarterof the 4th century to the middle of the 3rd; the delicacy of this cup suggests a date early in that span. 1343 also has an inscription,here placed in an unusualmanner,below the garland. The fragment may come from a very large kantharos. 1344 probably comes from a large baggy kantharosor kantharoswith molded rim; the painted ribbing of the lower body is unusual. 1345, from a krater or large bowl, provides another example of a fairly rare motif, the large-scale sheaf of wheat. An elaborate tubular spout (1346) comes from a small vessel, probably for oil. Two unusual floral knobs (1347, 1348) present several puzzles. 1347 originally had four petals of equal size; 1348 had eight petals, alternately large and small. Otherwise, they are similar, with a small central cup sitting on a convex cushion with radiating grooves, to which the petals are attached. 1347 preserves a trace of a glazed interior surface, suggesting that it served as the knob of a lekanis lid. A similar knob, however, decorates the top of the handle on a remarkabletrefoil oinochoe in Kassel.23 That piece is said to be Attic, and the occurrence of two knobs of this unusual design in Athens would seem to confirm this provenience. But the Kassel oinochoe deviates from the Attic norm on a number of counts. The most strikingis the heavy reliance on incision for the decoration, a technique that is rare at Athens but common at a number of other centers. In addition, the band of triangles that decorates the belly of the oinochoe is not part of the normal Attic repertoire;the single small fragment with this pattern from the Agora is certainly an import (1692). The elaborate handles, which emerge from a calyx of acanthus leaves, are also unattested locally, as is the shape of the mouth. The pot belongs to a group of West Slope pieces that have usually been called Attic, apparently on the basis of their high quality.24 All, however, have more incision than is normal for Attic, and some have a type of elaborate figured decoration that is not found on any fragments from the Agora. If these pots are Attic, they come from a workshop and a tradition that is not represented at the Agora. If they are not Attic, it is likely that 1347 and 1348 are imports. A head in high relief decorates the lower handle attachment of a closed vessel, probably a pitcher (1349), in imitation of silver and bronze vessels. Possiblyalso from an oinochoe is 1350, included here as a rare instance of an incised checkerboard. The broad strap handle 1351 comes from a large vessel with a low neck and is decorated with a particularlyelaborate torch. A large closed vessel with black-figureddecorationis attestedby a small wall fragmentshowing a person facing right (1352). The figure is outlined in incision, its flesh indicated by overpainted white, and details added in red. The wreath to the right is painted in red and white directly on the reserved background. Incised outlines are common on Hellenistic Panathenaics, the flesh of Athena is often painted white, and white is sometimes painted directly onto the unglazed background,25although the red paint of 1352 is not paralleled there. It thus seems possible that the piece is Attic, although the fabric is remarkablymicaceous. A number of plastic attachments have become separated from their vessels. The head on 1353, which served as the thumb rest of a drinking cup, has heavy, shingled locks similar to 23 CVA,Kassel 2 [Germany 38], p. 61, pl. 85 [1885] (from Greece). 24 Giannotta 1983 (largekantharos,Metaponto); CVA,Fogg Museum and Gallatin Collections [USA 8], pl. XXV [363]:4 (amphora, no provenience); CVA,Oxford 1 [Great Britain 3], pl. XLVII [139]:16 (cup with interior decoration, from Attica); AeXk 21, 1966, B' 1 [1968], p. 165, pl. 165:p (cup with interior decoration, Gialova [Messenia]);Vickers 1981, no. 9, pp. 549-550, fig. 10 (pyxis, from Thessaloniki). 25 See G. R. Edwards 1957, pp. 320-349, pls. 76-82.

MINIATURES

203

those worn by the goddess Isis.26 The worship of Isis was introduced into Attica before the end of the 4th century but did not enjoy widespread popularity there until the second half of the 2nd century.27 1353, however, is likely to come from a baggy kantharos, a shape that had died out before that time. It might date from the last quarterof the 3rd century,the time of enthusiasm for things Egyptian that saw the inception of moldmade bowls in imitation of Alexandrian silver ware.28 1354 and 1355 are probably Dionysiac in character. A break at the top suggests that the former may have been positioned below a handle. The interior is unglazed and irregular, suggesting that the piece comes from a moldmade plastic vase. 1355 has been broken away from the pot at the join, and so there is no indication of shape. Three attachments (1356-1358) decorated large, open vessels. 1356, a bust of Pan, was attached below a projecting handle, possibly the bolster of a bolster-krater,although the characteristicpainted swag or plastic loop below is lacking. The heavily bearded 1357 wears a headdress, possibly a lion skin, and may be Herakles. 1359 comes from a smaller vessel, to judge from the thickness of the wall. The painted line below the attachment could be part of the painted swag typical of bolster-kraters, but, if so, this is a rathersmall example. The winged female figure,possibly a Nike, also appearsas an emblem (cf. 386). Two fragments representingAfricans may come from plastic vases of some sort. 1360 could be a head vase, but the interior is thickly glazed, which is not usually the case for head vases, and the wall is thicker than is normal on those pieces. 1361 is unglazed inside but also has a thick wall.

MINIATURES (1362-1378) Vessels too small for practical use may have served as either toys or votives. The distinction between these two categories is somewhat arbitrary,but the pots treated here as miniatures (ratherthan votives) are mostly glazed, usually imitate canonical shapes closely, and do not occur in large numbers or in overtly votive contexts. They may be dated on the basis of their contexts and by general comparison to large shapes. There are a number of cups, some of which more or less conform to larger shapes: two cup-kantharoi, a Classical kantharos, a bolster-cup, and a baggy kantharos(1362-1366). Others, like two two-handled cups (1367, 1368), have no close analogues among largerpots. The situla, otherwisea rare shape, is well represented(1370-1372); these three miniatures may be votives, especially since the situla had special significance in the cult of Isis (see pp. 135 and 195 above). The calyx-krater1373 is made of the soft fabric associated with votives but, unlike most votives of this fabric, was originally glazed. The miniature krater with lug handles (1375) has painted decoration, which does not appear on this shape in Athens, although it is normal elsewhere (see p. 138). 26 And also by Ptolemaic queens in imitation of the goddess: e.g., Kyrieleis 1975, pls. 71, 100, 101, 104, 105; D. B. Thompson 1973, nos. 123, 274, 276, pp. 166, 200-201, pls. XLIII, XLIV, LXV It also occurs on Ptolemaic coins as the hairdo of Cleopatra I (BMCPtolemies, p. 78, 1-6, pl. XVIII:7) and the goddess Libya (ibid.,pp. 76-77, 83-99, pl. XVIII:4-6). 27 Dow 1937, pp. 216-224; Dunand 1973, II, pp. 6, 10. See also p. 196 above. 28 AgoraXXII, pp. 6-13.

12 VOTIVESAND OTHER VESSELSFOR REITIGIOUSUSE 7ESSELS whose primary function was religious may be identified in a number of ways. VSometimes form is decisive. The loutrophoros and the rhyton, for instance, are not well adapted to secular use: the loutrophoros is too tall and thin to be a useful container, and the rhyton, pierced at the bottom, would be an awkwardtable vessel. Both shapes were produced in the Classicalperiod, as was the phiale, and the use of all three in ritual context is well illustratedin vase painting and other arts. Other ritualvessels can be identified by their occurrence in contexts that have an overtly sacred character, like the pyres discussed below. Most of the Hellenistic deposits in the Agora, however, are domestic or industrialrather than sacred in character. Such votives as they contain are thus part of the output of a workshopor were perhaps the furnishings of a domestic shrine. They may be recognized as sacred material by their size, by their quality,by their relationshipto larger shapes, and by the frequencywith which the types occurs. V

LARGE RITUAL VESSELS LOUTROPHOROS (1379-1382) The loutrophoros, a tall, slender amphora, held water for the nuptial bath and also played a part in the funerals of unmarriedpeople.' The shape is known in figuredware from the 6th to the 4th century. Two necks with gold decoration from the Kerameikos may come from vessels with figured bodies.2 Its occurrence in black appears to be very rare. So, too, the shape itself in the Hellenistic period; I do not know of any examples beyond those presented here. The only complete loutrophoros (1382) is fairly close to the Classical prototype, retaining the collar at the base of the neck and the elaboration partway up the neck (one or both of these features occur also on 1380 and 1381). Classical loutrophoroi, however, have a widely flaring mouth, while 1382 has a straight rim. The foot 1379 is close to those of 4th-century examples and could come from a figured loutrophoros or from a normal amphora. 1380, notable for the very pronounced collar at the base of the neck, is probably not later than the 3rd century. 1381 and 1382, on which this collar is much less emphatic, are probably later. They come from Ist-century contexts, but because of its rarity and sentimental associations, a ceremonial piece of this sort is likely to have been an heirloom, and these pieces probably date in the 2nd century. see Graph 9) The rhyton had a long history in Greece as both a drinking cup and a libation vessel. The name is an ancient one, referringto vessels pierced below for pouring,3 and traces of the pouring hole are preserved on most of the Agora pieces. Another diagnostic feature is the thick glaze that covers the interior surfacesand which is not usuallypresent on other plastic vases. The eight examples presented here are very fragmentary and do not allow reconstruction of the details RHYmON(1383-1390;

1 Richterand Milne

2

1935,pp. 5-6; R. M. Cook 1960,pp. 223-224; Ginouves1962,pp. 254-259, 268-276.

Kopcke 1964, nos. 337, 338, p. 56, pl. 41:1. 3 Athenaios 11.497e; Hoffmann 1962, p. 3; Tuchelt 1962, p. 115.

LARGERITUALVESSELS

205

of the entire shape. Generally, however, the vessels consist of a tall, flaring, wheelmade chalice grafted onto a moldmade lower body.4 White and orange paint often pick out details of the moldmade sections and probably ornamented the chalices as well. The three major varieties of rhyton are representedwithin the Agora material:horn rhyton, animal-head rhyton, and animal-protomerhyton. 1383 probablycomes from the base of a keras,a tall, curved and taperingvessel possibly originatingin Scythian lands and commonly seen in Attic vase painting in the hands of drinkers, especially Dionysos and his companions.5 The bottom of 1383, however, is pierced, indicating that it was not a standarddrinkingvessel. The animal-head rhyton was adopted by Athenian potters in the late 6th century, this time in imitation of Persian metalwork.6 It continued to be made throughout the 5th century, with the chalice decorated in red figure. The shape was not made in Attic red figure after ca. 400,7 but three animal-head rhyta in gold-decorated technique are known and probably date in the second quarter of the 4th century.8The shape was also popular in Apulian red-figureworkshops of the second half of the 4th century.9 The Agora collection provides only one example of this type, 1384, very similar to Tarentine cow-head rhyta of the late 4th century in the treatment of the eyes and forehead but about half their size.10 The most popular rhyton of the Hellenistic period was the animal-protome type, with the moldmade part of the vessel in the form of the front half of an animal. This vessel too is based on Achaemenid prototypes,and it is attestedin Attica as early as the late 5th century. In both vase paintings and reliefs it is held aloft in the right hand of a reclining banqueter, who pours wine from the spout into a cup in his left hand.1 These are perhaps meant to be silverrhyta, examples of which have been found in Egypt and Thrace,12 and it seems very likely that the Hellenistic ceramic rhyta also imitate silver ware. Only two or three of the Agora pieces are canonical animal-protome rhyta: 1385, a horse; 1386, a Pegasos; and perhaps 1387, a bull. On the other three, a figure of a god or triton is 4

For more complete examples see Ackx 23, 1968, B' 1 [1969], p. 66, pl. 34:p; BCH 97, 1973, p. 255, fig. 10 on p. 257; Stern 1982, pp. 40-41, fig. 2 and Eisenberg 1985 (the latter a griffin-rhytonfrom Israel, said to be of Attic manufacture;I am grateful to Margaret Miller for bringing it to my attention). 5 Tuchelt 1962, pp. 97, 107-108, 115-117. 6 Hoffmann 1961; M. C. Miller 1993, pp. 122-126. 7 Hoffmann 1962, p. 48. 8 Kopcke 1964, nos. 334-336, p. 56, pl. 8. 9 Hoffmann 1966. 10 Cf. Hoffmann 1966, nos. 65, 80, 83, pp. 20-22, pls. XII:4, XIII. Cf. also two agate animal-head rhyta, probably of Egyptian origin and perhaps Hellenistic in date (Parlasca1975). 11 The earliest instances seem to be on a late-5th-century krater in Vienna (Hoffmann 1961, p. 25, pl. 12:1, banqueter with horse-protome rhyton) and on a relief from Peiraieus dating around 400 (AM 7, 1882, pl. XIV, Dionysos with a griffin-protome rhyton). The scene is commoner in the 4th century, occasionally on pottery (e.g., H. Metzger 1951, no. 41, p. 363, pl. XLVIII, woman with animal-head rhyton; CVA,Louvre 5 [France 8], pl. 5 [381]:6, 8, man with animal-head rhyton) but especially in the Totenmahl reliefs, which continue down to the 2nd century (amply illustrated in ThOnges-Stringaris1965). See also Dentzer 1982. Wine could also be poured from the rhyton directly into the drinker'smouth (Athenaios 11.497e). 12 Silver rhyta of the Hellenistic period include a griffin-protomerhyton from Toukh el-Garmous, in a context of the early 3rd century (Adriani 1939, pp. 350-354, pls. VI, VII), and a goat-protome rhyton from Panagyurishte probably dating in the late 4th century (Svoboda and Concev 1956, part II, pp. 135-138, pl. VII; for the date see Strong 1966, p. 102 and Simon 1960, pp. 1-6). See also Svoboda and Concev 1956, part I, pp. 1-113, pls. I-VIII, XII. See also Pfrommer 1993, nos. 66, 71, 73, 74, pp. 178-179, 186-187, 190-193, pls. 4,6, four silverprotome-rhyta (lion, "lynx",and stag), which date in the 1st century B.c. and early 1st century after Christ.

206

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substituted for the animal protome. The winged 1388 is probably an Eros; he hovers in the taxi-hailing position well known from figurines.13 The other two (1389, 1390) are less easy to identify. Their leafy skirtsare like those of tritons, but tritons are not normally winged. Possibly they are Erotes, with the skirt of leaves introduced simply to mask the awkwardtransition to the chalice, but their bodies are more muscularthan is normal for Eros. It seems likely that these vessels were put to ritual use. Protome-rhyta are often held by heroes or the heroized dead on Totenmahl reliefs of the 4th century and Hellenistic period, and Theophrastos associates the rhyton with heroes.14 The silver rhyton from Toukh el-Garmous formed part of a Ptolemaic temple treasure, and temple inventories at Athens and Delos also record rhyta.15Most of the rhyta in the Agora collection, however,come from workshopdumps, and none can be associatedwith known shrines. Half come from deposits laid down in the course of the first quarter of the 2nd century, and fragments of one or two rhyta were also found in contemporary deposits on the saddle between the Pnyx and Philopappos Hills.16 This suggests that rhyta may have been particularlypopular in the late 3rd and early 2nd century, although it seems very unlikely that their manufacturewas restrictedto that time. It is possible that they originated in a manner similar to the moldmade bowls, as imitations of Alexandrian imports first brought to Athens for the celebration of the Ptolemaia in 224. Silver examples of both shapes were found together in the early Ptolemaic treasureat Toukh el-Garmous.17 PHIALE(1391)

The phiale appears in only one Hellenistic example, broad and shallow and marked with radiating lozenges like those on silver and glass Achaemenid vessels.18The fine red glaze makes the piece appear non-Attic, but another emblem from the same mold is clearly Attic (P 28190). The beardlesshead belongs within the Dionysiac circle. The mold brother,in a batteredcondition, comes from a deposit laid down in the early 2nd century, thus providing a terminus antequemfor the phiale. SMALL RITUAL VESSELS Chief among other vessels for religious or votive use at the Hellenistic Agora are black-glazed skyphoi, kernoi,19 thymiateria, and a variety of miniature votives. Many come from workshop dumps20and can tell us little about the religiouslife of the area. The proveniencesof some pieces, 13 Cf.

Mollard-Besques 1963, pls. 40-46, especially MYR 98, p. 40, pl. 46:a, who holds a rhyton in his upraised left hand. 14 Athenaios 11.461b, 497e. For Totenmahl reliefs see ThOnges-Stringaris1965. 15 IG line 51 (a golden rhyton given to Athena by Roxanne, wife of Alexander the Great); Inscriptions II21492, de D6los442 B, lines 108-109, 167, 204, referring to kerasand protome. For the Toukh el-Garmous treasure see note 12 above. 16 Charitonides 1981, A. 393, p. 182, pl. 50:8 (horse);p. 181, pl. 48:8 is probably also part of a rhyton, perhaps a horse with a rider. 17 Rostovtzeff 1941, I, p. 390, pl. XLVII. 18 A few examples will suffice: Saldern 1959, 11.10, 11, pp. 38-39, figs. 20, 21; Oliver 1970, pp. 9-13, figs. 1-9; Perachora I, p. 154, pl. 56:3, 4; Laurenzi 1936, pp. 179-180, figs. 168, 169; Dalton 1964, no. 18, pp. 8-9, fig. 43, no. 180, p. 44, pl. XXIII; Pfrommer 1987, pis. 15-25. VIII, pl. 19 The kernoi from the Agora have received recent study and therefore are not presented here; see Pollitt 1979. 20 Fourteen votives have been inventoriedfrom the fill of the Middle Stoa, where workshopdebris was prominent: 10 two-handled cups (1414, 1415, P 1427, P 1428, P 1454, P 1456, P 1505, P 1530, P 1573, P 22820), 1 two-handled

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however,hint at the locations of shrines. Over 7,000 miniaturevotives were discardedin the early 3rd century in a cistern on the northeast slope of the Kolonos Agoraios (H 6:9). They may have come from the Metroon or the Temple of Apollo Patroos,shrineslocated fairlyclose to the cistern, though down a steep slope, or from an undiscovered shrine on the hill itself.21 Worship is also attested at the CrossroadsWell on the north side of the Agora square. The accumulated dump of votives there dates before the end of the 4th century, suggesting that the shrine in question went out of use at that time, although material from other sources continued to collect in the well. Another concentration of votives was found in Menon's Cistern (F 16:8) and in nearby deposits (F 16:1, F 16:6),just outside the southwest corner of the Agora, but numbers are not great enough to provide a clear indication of cult activity. In addition, a collection of votives and other possibly religious material comes from the middle levels of a well on the north side of the Kolonos Agoraios (G 14:2).22 It is clear that the ancient donor found certain types of votives appropriateto certain shrines and divinities. Thus skyphoiwere most pleasing to the proprietorof a simple shrine on the north slope of the Akropolis (see p. 208 below), while miniature two-handled cups and krateriskoiwere shrine. favored in the Kolonos Agoraios on the other hand, were particularlycommon Neither, The reasons for these preferences,however,are obscure. grave gifts. BLACK-GLAZED VOTIVESKYPHOS (1392-1407;

see Graph 9)

The popularity of the skyphos as a votive vessel continued from much earlier times down to the early Hellenistic period. Although not as well represented as miniature votives within the Agora itself, small forms of this shape may be identified as votives on the basis of provenience. Skyphoi of both Attic and Corinthian type, very similarin shape to canonical vessels but smaller, appear in ritual pyres23 and among the mass of votives in the Crossroads Well.24 Although they mimic the shapes of larger vessels and are not totally absent from secular deposits, their presence in overtly sacred contexts identifies them as votives. Another variety of Corinthian skyphos, simpler and smaller than the first, is also votive, although it was not used as a pyre offering (1400-1407). All these types were found together in a remarkable deposit on the bowl (P 1880), 1 handleless cup (P 1529), 1 skyphos (1407), 1 thymiaterion or kernos cover (P 23091 [Pollitt 1979, XL.1, p. 225, pl. 67:a]). From various levels of N 21:4, debris from the Workshop of Bion, come 13 votives: 2 two-handled cups (P 15065, P 15161), 2 two-handled bowls (1422, P 15066), 1 handleless cup (1429), 1 kothon (1425), 3 skyphoi (1402, P 15067, P 15155), 2 wheelmade thymiateria(1440, 1442), and 2 terracotta relief altars (P 15233 and P 15173 [D. B. Thompson 1962, nos. 19, 20, p. 262, pl. 90]), as well as a miniature situla (1371), a miniature bowl-kantharos(1367), and a miniatureoinochoe (1369) that might have served as votives. From M 21:1, probably a dump from the same shop, come a two-handled cup (P 18758) and perhaps a thymiaterioncover (1335), along with a thymiaterion figurine (T 2515 [D. B. Thompson 1963b, no. 19, p. 289, pl. 75]). The shop represented by the Coroplast's Dump (S 19:3) also seems to have catered to sanctuaries (see D. B. Thompson 1952b, pp. 120, 153-154). 21 Rotroff 1983, pp. 268-270. 22 A two-handled cup (P 564), a handleless cup (1427), and a thymiaterion (1439), as well as three situlae (571, a miniature situla (1372), a miniature one-handler (P 563 [AgoraXII, no. 1385, p. 333, pl. 45]), and 572, 578), a small amphora (453). 23 Attic skyphoi: see Young 1951b, pyre 6, pp. 120-121, pl. 51:c (B 19:3);Kerameikos XIV, pyre 37, p. 44, pl. 40:7. Corinthian skyphoi: see Young 1951b, pyres 2-4, 11, pp. 115-119, 127, pls. 50:b, c, 51:a, 53:b (A 20:3, B 18:4, B 18:1, B 17:4);Kerameikos XIV, pyres 18, 57, 60, pp. 17, 59, 60, pls. 30:5, 44:7, 45:4. 24 Attic: e.g. 1392-1394. Corinthian: e.g. P 29376 (see under 1398).

208

12. VOTIVESAND OTHERVESSELSFOR RELIGIOUSUSE

north slope of the Akropolis,25where some 200 skyphoi had been arranged in rows, upside down or on their sides, and deliberately buried sometime in the course of the first quarter of the 3rd century. ATTIC

The votive Attic skyphoi parallel larger cups closely, but their development is perhaps accelerated over that of skyphoi of normal size. Frequentlythey are totally glazed, which occurs only on a few of the latest large skyphoi. There was probably considerable shape variation at any one time. The eleven examples found together in the north slope skyphosdeposit range from something comparable to 1397 to something comparable to 1395, although the circumstances of the deposit suggest all are contemporary; examples from the same levels of the Crossroads Well (J 5:1) show similar variation (compare 1393 and 1394). To illustrate this phenomenon, pieces have been arranged in order of their context dates in the Catalogue. The latest date in the first quarter of the 3rd century. CORINTHIAN

Small Corinthian skyphoi appear regularly in earlier pyres but are rare in later ones.26 Towards the end of the 4th century the votives abandoned their clos resemblance e to full-sized vessels. A great many of the Corinthian skyphoi from the north slope deposit retain the ring foot and typical handles of large skyphoi, but most contemporary skyphoi from the Agora are abbreviated. The ring foot is replaced by a raised base, and pinched, horizontal straps are sometimes substituted for the usual skyphos handles (1403, 1407). The foot may run directly into the wall (1404, 1405, 1407), the profile may be low and broad (1403, 1407), and glaze may be omitted (1404-1407). Workmanshipalso varies from relativelycareful (1400) to sloppy (1402, 1406). These skyphoi are fairlyrare at the Agora27but often occur in pairs, both perhaps having been bought and dedicated at the same time. The north slope deposit demonstratestheir popularity as offerings early in the 3rd century,but it is possible that they continued to be made later on. 1402 and its twin come from workshopdebris of the late 3rd century; if they are indeed part of that debris, and not strays,they may have been new at the time of discard. see Graph 9) These tiny vessels, which bear little resemblanceto vessels of larger scale and can have served no practical purpose, were intended as gifts for a deity or for the dead. Their exact function is unknown.28 Open shapes like those from the Agora may have held small offerings of grain or other agriculturalproduce. Or they may have been substitutes for more costly gifts like the MINIATUREVOTIVES(1408-1430;

25 Broneer

1940, pp. 254-256. The finds include 11 small Attic skyphoi, 83 Corinthian skyphoi with normal handles (cf. 1400, 1402), and 77 Corinthian skyphoiwith pinched handles (cf. 1403). 26 Almost all the pyres where they occur, in both the Agora and the Kerameikos (see note 23 above), probably date before ca. 325. 27 Only fourteen have been inventoried. In Attica, the shape occurs also at the Cave of Pan in Eleusis (AcXk 16, 1960, B' [1962], pp. 54-55, pl. 43:a). Other Hellenistic deposits of votive skyphoi include Kalligas 1985, p. 115, pl. 45:a (Eretria,probably from a sacrificialpyre);Stephen G. Miller 1975, pp. 148-149, pl. 33:b (from a sacrificial deposit at Nemea); AeXt 28, 1973, B' 2 [1977], pp. 612-613, pis. 583-585 and AeXr 33, 1978, B' 2 [1985], p. 397, pl. 207:8 (from graves on Rhodes). Unglazed skyphoi were found in graves and houses at Olynthos (OlynthusV, nos. 990-993, pp. 246-247, pl. 186; Olynthus XIII, nos. 529-542, 796, pp. 295-297, 359, pls. 102, 193, 195). 28 For conjecturessee D. B. Thompson 1952b, pp. 153-154; Coldstream 1973, p. 183; Callaghan 1978a, pp. 22-23; Perachora II, p. 290.

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silver vessels recorded in temple inventories. Or perhaps they symbolized ritual activities such as sacred meals or libations poured in honor of the deity. Large deposits of such material are a commonplace of Greek sanctuaries,29although the preferredtypes vary from place to place and probably also from deity to deity. Miniature votives are found at the Agora in several varieties, all of them specific to Attica and lacking exact parallels elsewhere.30They were particularlypopular in the second half of the 4th century and firstquarterof the 3rd, and their disappearancearound the end of the 3rd century suggests a change in religious beliefs or practices. The large deposit on the Kolonos Agoraios mentioned above (H 6:9), apparently the dump of a nearby sanctuary, illustrates the relative frequency of the various types at the Agora. It contained about 7,000 two-handled cups, over 450 two-handled bowls, close to 200 krateriskoi,and 14 lugged bowls.31 Two other shapes not found in that context (kothon and handleless cup) are rare. The miniature votives are almost all wheelmade, with flat undersides still retaining stringmarks. The fabric is often very fine and soft, particularlyon 4th- and early 3rd-centurypieces. The general trend of development is towards smaller,less carefully made vessels, and handles degenerate into lugs. Two-handled cups(1408-1415) are the most common Hellenistic Athenian votives. In addition to the dump of 7,000 mentioned above, about 130 Hellenistic examples have been inventoried. The type may be traced back to the 6th century32but became much more popular in the mid-4th. Fourth-centurypieces are larger than later ones (H. 2.0-3.5 cm.), often with a convex-concave profile and always with well-formed vertical strap handles from the rim to near the bottom (e.g. 1408, 1409). A smaller size (H. < 2 cm.) became regular in the first half of the 3rd century, with the cup usually cylindricalat the bottom and flaringat the top (e.g. 1411). In the second half of the 3rd century the handles were reduced to vertical lugs (1413-1415). The type was not produced after ca. 175. The krateriskos (1416-1418) loosely imitates the bell krater,with spreading foot, flaring rim, and horizontal handles curved up over the rim. Unlike other tiny votives, it is glazed. The shape is much less common than the two-handled cup, and only fifteen examples have been inventoried. A few of the late 5th and early 4th century are known,33 but most examples date between ca. 350 and 275. By the last quarter of the 4th century the handle had degenerated into a triangular lug (1417, 1418). 29

See, for example, Perachora II, p. 290 (with references);Corinth XV, iii, nos. 1684-2127, pp. 307-343, pls. 67-74; CorinthXVIII, i, pp. 64-66; Callaghan 1978a, nos. 79-97, pp. 20-24, pls. 6-8; Coldstream 1973, deposits C-H, pp. 25-46, 183-185. Examples from Argos, like several of the Agora votives, are part of the discard from a potter's workshop (BCH 81, 1957, p. 647, figs. 20, 21). 30 For previous publication of miniature votives of Hellenistic date from the Agora and elsewhere in Attica, see AgoraXII, pp. 185-186; H. A. Thompson 1936, pp. 179-180, fig. 23; H. A. Thompson 1937, pp. 207-208; D. B. Thompson 1952b, no. 86, p. 164, pl. 42; D. B. Thompson 1954, no. 13, pp. 104-105, nos. 15, 16, p. 85, pl. 18; Shear 1973, p. 131, pl. 28:b-d; Stella G. Miller 1974, nos. 65, 66, 68-74, pp. 238-239, pl. 34; Kerameikos XIV, no. 119:33, p. 117, pl. 51:1 and S 181, p. 139, pl. 62:1; Braun 1970, nos. 26 a, 26 b, 93, pp. 136, 141, pl. 55:2; Schlorb-Vierneisel 1966, nos. 165:1, 188:5, pp. 94, 103, pls. 59:1, 61:5; Charitonides 1981, A. 375, A. 376, A. 48, p. 171, fig. 3:8, pl. 39:e, A. 341-343, A. 346, A. 358, p. 173, pl. 4:ao; AeXr 27, 1972, B' 1 [1976], p. 171, pl. 115:y (Peiraieus); AeXr 16, B' 1960 [1962], pp. 54-55, pl. 43:a (Eleusis). Note that kernoi too are found exclusively at Athens and Eleusis (Pollitt 1979, p. 228). 31 H. A. Thompson 1937, pp. 207-208; Rotroff 1983, p. 268. The statisticsgiven below for numbersof inventoried examples do not include these miniatures. 32 AgoraXII, nos. 1421-1425, 1428-1430, pp. 336-337, pl. 46 illustrate predecessors ranging in date from ca. 600 to the early 4th century. Only about fifteen pieces of early date have been inventoried. 33 E.g. P 19552 from C 19:5, fill b (late 5th to first half of 4th century).

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Little cupswiththreelughandles(e.g. 1419) are known from six inventoried pieces. On bettermade pieces one can recognize two horizontal handles, opposite one another, and a vertical strap handle at right angles to them.34 The type is limited to the 4th century and the first quarter of the 3rd century. bowlshave been inventoried(e.g. 1420-1424). In the firstquarterof Eleven larger two-handled the 3rd century they have deep bodies, stronglyoutturned rims, and broad, vertical strap handles (1420). Later bowls are shallow (1421, 1422), and the handles degenerate into lugs by the third quarter of the 3rd century. There are also two unusual variants: a bowl with horizontal lug handles (1423) and a miniature lekanis with ribbon handles (1424). A small kothon(1425, 1426) differsfrom the larger shape in its handle, a vertical strap instead of the normal horizontal handle. Only five examples have been inventoried. Contexts suggest that its use was limited to the second half of the 3rd century. The miniature handleless cup(1427-1429) is rarely found in Hellenistic contexts. Only four of the eleven inventoriedcups come from closed deposits;two of these were found with substantial amounts of 4th-century pottery (see 1427). One (1429) is a unique handmade hemispherical cup from a predominantly 3rd- and early-2nd-centurydeposit. The small, chytralike 1430 was broken away from something below and is perhaps part of a ringvase.The quality of the fabric suggests a 4th-century date.

THYMIATERION (1431-1444; see Graph 9) Incense played an important part in Greek life. It was a normal offering to the gods but enjoyed wide secular use as well. The thymiaterion, a specialized vessel designed for burning incense, was common in both the shrine and the household; occasionallyit figuresas a grave gift as well. It consists of two parts, a bowl and a stand, usuallry and joined. Charcoal was in the bowl and incense on the coals to glowing produce fragrant smoke. Red placed sprinkled 1433 and the imported 1567 perhaps refers to these coals. of 1433 paint inside the bowlsand of Thymiateria precious metals are frequently listed in temple inventories, were displayed in festival processions, and graced the tables of the wealthy.35The ceramic thymiateriadiscussed here, however, lie at the opposite end of the economic scale, as small, cheap altars within the means of the ordinaryhouseholder.36Their size identifiesthem as table altars,like those depicted reliefs of the 4th century and the Hellenistic period.37 Ancient testimonia regularlyon Totenmahl affirm that the burning of incense was a regularpart of the symposium,38and the Agora pieces need not have been restrictedto sacred use. Traces of burning may be detected on the cups of 34 P 25824 (AgoraXII, no. 1432, 336, pl. 46). p. 35 See discussion in DelosXVIII, pp. 371-372, with reference to Delian inventories. Over 350 thymiateriawere displayedin the great procession of Ptolemy Philadelphosin Alexandriain the 270's (Athenaios5.197e, 198b, 202b). For thymiateria as status symbols see Demosthenes 22.75; 24.183. For a survey of extant metal thymiateria see Pfrommer 1987, pp. 25-41, 202-212. 36 For discussion of more elaborate, moldmade ceramic thymiateriafrom the Agora, see D. B. Thompson 1959, no. 33, p. 152,pl. 30 (T 2284);D. B. Thompson1962,nos. 19, 20, pp. 256-260, 262, pls.90, 91 (P 15233,P 15173); D. B. Thompson 1963b, no. 19, pp. 284-285, 289, pl. 75 (T 2515); D. B. Thompson 1966a, no. 27, pp. 15, 19, pl. 6 (T 3675). 37 Particularlyclear in Dentzer 1982, figs. 533, 591, 632, 633, 661, 698, 703; Thonges-Stringaris 1965, nos. 41, 128, pp. 74, 86, pls. 13:3, 15:1;Walter 1951, p. 602, figs. 1, 2, pl. 57:a. 38 Athenaios 3.101c; 4.13 1d; 9.403d; 11.462c; 14.641f, 642f; see Dentzer 1982, pp. 524-525.

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1435 and 1436 and on the lid 1444, but the other examples seem never to have been used. Some come from workshop dumps (e.g. 1440, 1442) and may have been discarded before sale, but others perhaps served as votives39and were never put to practical use in either shrine or andron. No glazed thymiateria have been identified from Hellenistic contexts in the Agora.40 The 4th-century and Hellenistic pieces presented here were probably all originallycovered with white paint, though now only slight traces remain. This feature has been observed on thymiateria elsewhere41and is found also on Attic kernoi. Most of the Agora pieces appear to be Attic,42and those of the 4th and 3rd centuries are often of the same soft, fine, pale fabric used for votive cups and bowls and for kernoi. In ceramic thymiateria of the Archaic and Classical periods the bowl sits atop a tall, thin, solid stem. This form is also documented in 4th-century unglazed thymiateria at the Agora (1431-1434). A fairly thin stem, circled by one or more rings, rises from a broad disk base, flat underneath. The cup is very shallow and curved in profile. Fourof the five inventoriedexamples come from contexts discarded before the end of the 4th century, and on this evidence the type may be dated ca. 350-300. Similar but somewhat more monumental unglazed thymiateriahave been found at Olynthos, where they must date before the middle of the century.43 Most Hellenistic thymiateria, however, are of a different type. The stand is hollow and broad, almost as wide as the bowl. The vessels resemble altars and possibly developed from small, household altars like those known at Olynthos in the first half of the 4th century.44 The stand may be cylindrical or conical and usually has a projecting molding at the bottom. On six thymiateria(e.g. 1435, 1436) the base is closed underneath, but more commonly it is open. 1435 and pieces resemblingit have been found in deposits covering the span of the 4th century. 1436 is a late Hellenistic version, with a more conical base, a curved bowl, and handles. Here holes have been pierced in the bottom of the bowl to create an updraft for the charcoal, an improvement presumablyvitiated by the closed base of the vessel. The greater number of well-preservedthymiateriawith open stands makes it possible to trace their development more closely. The 4th- and 3rd-century examples (1437-1441) resemble thymiateriawith closed stands. The bowl may more or less continue the line of the base or may flare out widely. The most substantialpiece, 1437, dates in the 4th century. Several others can be placed in the 3rd century (1439-1441). A more elaborate version, with a two-stage base, is first 39 Yavis1949, 172. Thymiateriaoccuras votivesin the Shrineof Glaukosat Knossos(Callaghan1978a,p. 23). p. But see 1335, with glazeddecoration,possiblythe lid for a largethymiaterion.Forglazedthymiateriaof the Classicalperiodat the Agorasee AgoraXII, pp. 182-183. See also Olynthus XIII, nos. 1006-1020, pp. 407-411, pls. 244, 245 forbothglazedand unglazedthymiateriadatingin the firsthalfof the 4th century. 41 DIlos XVIII, pp. 377-378, pl. CV; PF II, F 44-F 55, pp. 106-108, 115, pl. 46-49; Sciatbi,no. 250, p. 85, 40

pl. LIX:136. 42

Forimportssee 1567, 1572. Forthymiateriafromother sites see note 41 above and Corinth XII, no. 893, XII, pp. 45, 47, pls. 39:3, 40; Andronicos1961,no. 7, p. 47, fig. 23:3 (Veroia);Belov 1962, p. 131, pl. 66; Olynthus Saizewa1962,pp. 185-186, 189-192,figs. 1-3, 6-11 (Olbia);Mirmeki p. 171,fig.33 (Chersonesos); II, p. 64, fig.64; Hadjimichali1971,no. 212, p. 203, fig.34 (Lato);CiRhVI-VII, 1932-1933,p. 250, fig.37 (Rhodes);Priene, p. 363, fig. 452, no. 112, p. 428, fig. 545:4; Tarsus I, nos. 532-556, pp. 374-377, figs. 252, 253; Sciatbi,nos. 248-251, pp. 84-85, pls. LVIII:131,LIX:136;Adriani1936,no. 47, p. 142,fig.59 on p. 139;Adriani1940,p. 113,pl. XLVI:4 Morel 1981,Type9231 la andpossibly9222a,p. 435, pl. 217 (Italy). (allfromAlexandria); A seriesof small,white-groundcupsfromChiosmayalsohaveservedas thymiateria: Anderson1954,nos. 171, 224-226, pp. 149, 152-153, 168,fig. 17 on p. 180,pl. 10:d. 43 XIII, nos. 1011, 1012,pp. 408-409, pl. 244. Olynthus 44 XII, pp. 45, 47, pls. 39:3,40. Olynthus

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attested in the third quarterof the 3rd century (1442). There is much variety among these vessels, but all have a heavy coat of white paint and a pronounced flange at the top of the base. The more elaborate 1443 resembles monumental thymiateria in the fluting of the base. Its context places it at the end of the Hellenistic period. It is clear from representationsand from preservedexamples that Hellenistic thymiateria,like their Classicalpredecessors,often had openworklids that allowed the fragrantsmoke to escape.45 1435 was found with a fragmentary lid, a dome with triangular cutouts; its fabric is mottled, possibly because of repeated exposure to heat. A number of similar lids have been found in the Agora, but they cannot with certainty be associatedwith thymiateria. Images on Athenian coins attest that kernoi too were sometimes fitted with latticeworklids, and such lids have been found in deposits together with kernoi.46 Possiblythis is because of occasional resemblancesin the shapes of kernoi and thymiateria.47 The only lid from the Agora preserving clear traces of burning is 1444; thus, despite its small size, it may have served as a thymiaterionlid.

VESSELS FROM RITUAL PYRES (1445-1499; see Graph 9) The shapes discussed below have often been found together in the small, probably sacrificial deposits that are a common feature of domestic and industrialareas in the Agora and elsewhere in Athens.48 These deposits, collections of pottery buried in shallow pits, bear witness to a ritual of unknown purpose.49 The ceremony involved a sacrifice (bones of small animals have been found), burning (the pits and most of the pots show traces of burning), smashing of pottery (most of the pots have been broken into many pieces), and possibly a libation (pyres frequentlycontain drinking cups). The inclusion of alabastra and unguentaria in some pyres50and a curse tablet in one disturbedpyre (inside the chytridionP 27880) suggest that there was a funeraryelement in the ritual. Furthermore, similar deposits occur in the Kerameikos in close proximity to graves, where they must have had a funerary significance; assemblages including many of the same 45 For the

arrangement see D. B. Thompson 1971, fig. 61. Covers for Archaic thymiateria have been identified (AgoraXII, nos. 1344-1348, p. 331, pl. 44; Wigand 1912, p. 41, fig. 5). For Hellenistic silver thymiaterioncovers see Pfrommer 1987, KT 5, KT 10, KT 52, pp. 202-203, 207, pls. 2-5, 32. See also BCH 98, 1974, pp. 662-663, fig. 195 and Rostovtzeff 1913-1914, pl. XVII:1 for lidded thymiateriaas motifs on West Slope pottery. 46 For kernoi on coins see Svoronos, pl. 104:8, 16; AgoraXXVI, varieties 72 and 73, pp. 61-62, pl. 7. See also 1215, depicting a lidded kernos, and the graffitoon L 1441 (AgoraIV, no. 558, p. 138, pl. 241). Three latticeworklids were found in deposits with large numbers of kernoi: P 12292, P 12151, P 12423 (Pollitt 1979, 1.9, I.17, 11.16, pp. 212-214, pI. 67:a). 47 A thymiaterionfrom Chatby,with traces of burning, and bearing a pierced lid, closely resemblesAttic kernoi in shape (Sciatbi,no. 248, p. 84, pl. LVIII:131). 48 Young 1951b, pp. 110-130; AgoraXII, p. 45; AgoraXIV, p. 16; Shear 1973, p. 151, note 68; Shear 1984, pp. 46-47, pl. 11; BCH 102, 1978, p. 646, fig. 20; Knigge and Kovacsovics 1981, p. 388, figs. 9, 10; Freytaggen. Loringhoff 1984, p. 44, fig. 27. 49 Young'sinterpretationof the deposits as infant cremations (Young 1951b, pp. 111-112) has now generally been abandoned. See AgoraXIV, p. 16; Knigge and Kovacsovics 1981, p. 388. 50 For alabastrasee Young 1951b, nos. 2:1, 4:1, 6:1, 8:1, pp. 115, 118, 121, 124, pls. 50:b, 51:a, 52:b; unguentaria were found in pyre P 6:6.

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shapes also occur there within graves.51 The miniature chytrai and lopades probably also had a funerarysignificance. On the third day of the Anthesteria, a day known as the Chytrai, Athenian householders prepared a meal for the dead, boiling together all sorts of vegetables in a chytra;52 the miniature cooking pots may be symbolic of an activity of this sort. The lamps and some of the drinking cups, on the other hand, do not differ from vessels found in ordinary domestic contexts. Perhapsthey were put to practical use, for ritual drinksor libations and for illuminating the ceremony. It has often been difficult to determine the precise relationship of the pyres to the buildings in which they were found. In a number of instances, however, the pyres lay directly under the original floor of a building, in which case they may be connected with a ritual relating to the construction of the building.53 In other instances, however, the pit had been dug through an existing floor;54possibly such pyres record rituals associated with the remodeling of a building or with the reoccupation of a house or workshopafter the death of one of the inhabitants,perhaps propitiating the recently dead with a symbolic feast. A pyrelike deposit dating at the end of the third quarter of the 5th century was found in a house to the west of the Agora,55 suggesting that the custom goes back as far as the 5th century and may be related to the difficultiesthe city experienced during the Peloponnesian War. Pyre deposits are far more common, however, in the 4th century and continue down well into the 3rd century. Large pyres with many offerings may occur as late as the second quarter of the 3rd century (e.g. C 17:2);the few later pyres are much smaller and often lack the shapes that were traditionalearlier. These continue beyond the middle of the 3rd century (P 6:5, P 6:6, D 16:6)but are so rare that they might represent offerings made by old or old-fashioned people, after the custom had died out as a general rule. In addition to drinking cups and, occasionally, lamps, the shapes normally found in pyres include rilled-rimplates, concave-rimplates, pyre saucers,ribbon-handledplates, small lekanides, lopadia, chytridia,and covered bowls. Except for the rilled-rimplate, these shapes were probably manufacturedspecificallyfor ritualuse and are only rarelyfound in other contexts. The rilled-rim plate, however, which is the best-made shape of this series, was adapted to household use and survived as a utilitarian plate after pyres ceased to be dedicated (see pp. 151-152). The other shapes are limited to the period of the pyres. Their entire range has been presented in AgoraXII, but since there have been changes in the chronology of the later 4th and 3rd centuries, the series has been restudied and pieces thought to date after ca. 350 are presented in this volume. 51 Forgravesidepyressee Schlorb-Vierneisel 1966,pyres114, 136, 160,pls.45:1, 2, 47:1, 58:3,4; Kerameikos XIV, pyres4, 12, 17, 18, 21, 25, 28, 35-37, 54, 57, 60, 79, 126, 159, pls. 28-32, 36-41, 43-45, 47, 48, 52, 54, 55. Forgraveswith similarpotterysee Schlorb-Vierneisel 1966,graves107, 171,pls. 42:1, 59:6;Kerameikos XIV,grave 46, pl. 42:1;Braun1994. 52 Parke1977,pp. 116-117;Deubner1932,pp. 112-113. Metzger VI, p. 87)connectspyresof a somewhat (Eretria differentnatureat Eretriawiththe Anthesteria,andCallaghan(1978a,pp. 26-27) associatesminiaturecookingpots at the Shrineof Glaukosat Knossoswithconcoctionsofferedas partof variouscults. 53 Shear (1973,p. 151, note 68) drawsthe analogyto the modernGreekritualof sacrificinga cockat the laying of the cornerstone.Three pyreslay directlyunderthe floorof the thirdphase of BuildingB in the Kerameikos (Kniggeand Kovacskovics1981,p. 388). 54 Shear1984, 45-47. pp. 55 Young1951a,pp. 218-219.

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The chronology expressed here is based on the dates of the pyres, determined primarilyby the drinking cups, lamps, and, rarely,coins found in them. Individual pieces cannot be pinned down very closely, since featurespersisted over severaldecades. The dates given in the Catalogue thereforeindicate the range of date, as indicated by the contexts, within which featuresillustrated by the pot in question occur, not necessarilythe date of the vessel itself. LEKANIS(1445-1454) PYRE About half of the twenty-eight pyre lekanides in the inventory date within the Hellenistic period. The earlier pieces, which go back to the beginning of the 4th century,rest on a ring foot and have lids with molded knobs.56The latest occurrence of the molded knob is on an isolated lid in a deposit of perhaps ca. 325 (1445). Most lekanides of the last quarter of the 4th century have a cylindrical knob cut away at the base to form a stem (1446-1448), a configuration that is rare earlier.57Also around 325 the ring base was replaced by a raisedbase with a flaringprofile. Lekanidesof the last quarterof the century have fairlylow bodies, the rim continues up somewhat above the projectingflange, and the undersidesare concave and smooth (1446, 1447). 1448 may perhaps be dated at the end of this span, for while its lid is typical of the last quarterof the century, the body has an irregularlystraightwall, a steeply inclined rim, and a flat underside with string marks,features common in pieces of the first quarter of the 3rd century. Third-century lids have a plain, cylindrical knob with no undercutting, a feature that occurs only rarely earlier;58the associated bodies have flat bottoms, usually unglazed, with string marks. There is considerable variation in shape. Two (1450, 1451) are close to 1448, with widely spreadingwalls and a steeply inclined rim. On five others (1449, 1452-1454)59 the rim barely projects above the flange, and on three of these the flange itself projects abruptly from the wall. The contexts of these pieces place them in the first third of the 3rd century. Most examples are glazed, but unglazed lekanides occur at the very end of the series (1454). RIBBON-HANDLED PLATE(1455-1459)

The small plate with ribbon handles60and a plain or raised base is known from thirty-five inventoriedexamples dating in the period after ca. 350. Its greatestpopularityseems to have been in the late 5th century and the first half of the 4th, when it was a common offering not only in domestic pyres but also in gravesidepyres at the Kerameikos.61Details of shape are useless for dating, but plates of the first half of the 4th century are usually larger (Diam. 12.5-16.0 cm.), almost always have a raised base, and are always decorated with concentric bands of glaze on the floor. Plates of the second half of the 4th century and later are smaller, with diameters 56 P

19468, P 15882, P 14864, P 17718, P 17719 (AgoraXII, nos. 1276-1279, p. 326, pl. 42). The shape is there called "covered bowl, pyre type," and its probable derivation from the lykinic lekanis is discussed (p. 173). The term "lekanis"is used here to avoid confusion with the unglazed covered bowl (see below). 57 Add to these P 20143 (AgoraXII, no. 1282, p. 326, pl. 42) of the last quarter of the century; the only example at the Agora that may be earlieris P 24777 (AgoraXII, no. 1280, p. 326, pl. 42), from a pyre that may date in the third XIV, quarterof the 4th century (Q 17:5). A number of earlier instancesoccur at the Kerameikos,however:Kerameikos nos. 18:4, 5, 25:33, 28:2, 3, pp. 17, 38-39, 40, pls. 30:5, 36:1, 37:8 (second and third quartersof 4th century). 58 Knigge and Kovacsovics 1981, 389, p. fig. 10; Kerameikos XIV, no. 35:2, p. 43, pl. 39:9 (late second and third of 4th quarter century). 59 Also P 9690 (AgoraXII, no. 1283, p. 326, pl. 42). 60 AgoraXII, pp. 149, 199. 61 E.g. Schlorb-Vierneisel 1966, pyres89, 92, 94, 108, 109, 112, 115, 136, 138, as well as graves 102, 107, and 114.

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ranging from 11.5 to 14 cm. Both flat and raised bases are used, but the flat one appears more often than it had before. In the last quarterof the 4th century the firstplates lacking banding were produced. These may be totally unglazed (1459) or may have glaze on the handles (1456, 1457), which are usually very small and tightly pinched. The plates did not survive the pyres, and the latest examples date within the second quarter of the 3rd century.

PYRE SAUCER (1460-1474) Three main varieties are included under this designation:rimmed pyre saucer (1460-1463), shallow pyre saucer (1464-1468), and small pyre saucer (1469-1472). All are very simple vessels with no foot and a flat or concave underside with string marks. A few pieces show evidence of use (e.g., a worn resting surface on 1464, purple pigment on P 22880, which probably did service as a paint pot in a potter's shop), but most were manufactured as votives, to be buried and sometimes deliberately smashed in the pyre ritual. The rimmed pyre sauceris the most elaborate and the least common (only nine have been It has an inwardly sloping rim, which may be grooved (1461), concave (1460, inventoried). 1462), or flat (1463) on top. The wall is usually concave at top and bottom, with a convexity at about half height. The saucers are normally fully glazed (1462, 1463), but sometimes the rim or bottom is reserved (1460, 1461). The earliest piece comes from a pyre deposited in the decade 350-340,62 and the latest are from deposits laid down around 300 or only slightly later.63 The broad, shallowpyre sauceris commoner than the rimmed variety, with thirty-eight inventoried examples dating after ca. 350 and four dating earlier. It is a smaller and less elaborate vessel, with little or no special treatment of the rim. Diameters vary from 9 to 12 cm. with most examples at the lower end of the range. The shape lasted as long as the pyres, with early versions occurring in a late-5th-centurycontext.64 All early examples are glazed, and some late examples are as well (1464-1466). Unglazed pieces (e.g. 1467, 1468) are not found until the last quarterof the 4th century and are attested to the firstquarterof the 3rd century. They are usually even more simply made than the glazed pieces, which sometimes have a slightly rolled rim (1465, 1466). The saucers are often found broken into many fragments, suggesting that they were smashed deliberately. The simplest and most common pyre offering is the smallpyresaucer,with diameter ranging from 5 to 8 cm. These too were made from the late 5th or early 4th century onwards. About a hundred are inventoried from deposits of the second half of the 4th century and the early 3rd century and over fifty from earlier contexts. Earlierexamples are usually glazed, as Sparkes and Talcott remark,65but glazing was much less common after ca. 325, and some of the latest glazed pieces have only a thin coating (e.g. 1470), a treatmentthat was uncommon before ca.325. Unglazed saucers are most common after 325 and are in the majorityafter the turn of the century. 1471 and 1472 give the two normal sizes. 1473 is deeper than the norm, with a narrowerfoot, and 1474 is unusual for its slightly profiled rim. CHYTRIDION (1475-1482) The miniature chytra66is a fairly regular feature of Hellenistic pyres, though less common than the lopadion; only thirtyAgora examples date after ca. 350. The shape mimics the utilitarian 62 P 16605 (Young 1951b, no. 2:8, p. 116,pl. 50:b [A 20:3]). P 16735-P 16738 (Young 1951b, nos. 10:5-8, p. 126, pl. 53:a [B 22:3]) and 1463 from F 11:2. 64 P 23289 and P 23290 from 0 16:1-2. 63 65

AgoraXII, p. 199.

66

AgoraXII, pp. 224-225.

216

12. VOTIVES AND OTHER VESSELS FOR RELIGIOUS USE

unlidded chytra,with roundedbottom, round mouth with slightlyoutturnedrim, and straphandle from mouth to shoulder. Normal diametersrange from about 8 to 10 cm. All the earlierchytridia are made of cooking ware, like the larger vessels they imitate. But perhaps as early as the last quarter of the 4th century, chytridia began to be made of household fabric (1478), and all chytridiafrom 3rd-centurycontexts are of this ware (1479-1482). Except for 1477, the cookingware chytridia are handmade; the household-ware examples, however, are wheelmade, with the rounded bottom formed by trimming the underside when the pot was leather-hard. On some of the latest vessels this trimming has been omitted or is incomplete, leaving a flat bottom with string marks (1481). The shape seems to be almost exclusively a pyre shape and is only rarely and probably by chance found elsewhere.67 As such it did not survive the floruit of the pyres. Numerous examples from pyres illustrate the shape down to at least the 270's. Only one later piece, somewhat slenderer than the others (1482), suggests survivalfurtherinto the 3rd century. LOPADION (1483-1491)

The lopadion is the more common of the two cooking shapes that appear in pyres, with fifty-seven Hellenistic examples inventoried at the Agora.68 It is a small (Diam. 8.0-10.5 cm.), shallow casserole with a single vertical loop handle. The rim is fitted with a flange on the interior to accommodate a lid, and many examples have been found with lids that may belong. The lopadion is attested as early as ca. 425;69 all early examples, like the early chytridia, are made of cooking ware (e.g. 1483),70 and this practice persisted into the last quarter of the 4th century (1484, 1485). At that time, however, lopadia made of household fabric began to appear and quicklybecame the favoredtype, although the two fabricsoccasionally occur together in the same contexts.71 The majority of the lopadia of the last quarter of the 4th century and all those of the 3rd century are of household ware. Cooking-ware examples are often better made, with a high-swung loop handle, deeply inset flange, and a low, convex lid with a small knob (1483, 1484). The household-ware lopadia exhibit great variety of profile. Increasingly the bottom is left flat from the wheel (1488-1491), and no examples certainly dating after ca. 300 have rounded bottoms. The flange inside the rim is reduced to a concavity. The handle is usually quite small and in at least one instance was omitted (1490). The lids are usuallyhigher than those of cooking-ware lopadia (1491 is an exception), being conical, with a much more substantial, nearly cylindrical knob left rough from the wheel on top. The shape was used exclusively as a pyre dedication in the Hellenistic period and did not survive beyond the early second quarter of the 3rd century. 67

XIV, pyres 21, 28, 35-37, 57, 159, Examples are also found in graves and pyres at the Kerameikos: Kerameikos and graves 32, 46, 123, 133, pls. 32, 37, 39, 40, 42, 44, 52-55; Schlorb-Vierneisel 1966, nos. 104:8, 136:9, 139:2, 155:8; Freytaggen. Loringhoff 1984, p. 44, fig. 27; Braun 1994. 68 It is also commoner than the chytridion in the pyres and graves of the Eridanos cemetery (Schl6rb-Vierneisel at 1966, nos. 102:14, 108:7, 109:8, 136:10, 138:78, 151:4, 160:31-33, 168:3, 171:18)and in the pyresof the Eckterasse the Kerameikos(Ierameikos XIV, pyres 18, 21, 25, 36, 54, 57, 60, 79, 126, 159, pls. 30, 32, 36-38, 40, 43-45, 47, 52, 54). The two shapes appear in about equal numbers in the graveplot of Theonichos in the Kerameikos(Braun 1994). 69 See AgoraXII, pp. 198, 227; one of the earliest examples is P 31661 (Rotroffand Oakley 1992, no. 327, p. 121, fig. 25, pl. 58). 70 See also P 19333 (AgoraXII, no. 1975, p. 374, pl. 95); P 31355 (Shear 1984, p. 46, note 91, g, pl. 1l:g). 71 B 19:5 contained a lopadion of household ware (1488) and two chytridia of cooking ware (1476 and P 18541 [Young 1951b, nos. 8:9, 10, p. 125, pl. 52:b]) as well as a household-warelopadion with a cooking-warelid (P 18549 [Young 1951b, no. 8:12]).

VESSELSFROMRITUALPYRES

217

BowL (1492-1499) CoVERED The covered bowl is a delicate, thin-walled vessel with a rounded bottom and an inset or flange on the inside of the rim to accommodate a lid. Only the interior is glazed. The associated lids are slightly domed and unglazed, with a broad, footlike knob, usually concave on top. The delicacy and craftsmanshipof the shape, with its wall often only a millimeter thick, is unusual in a pyre offering; the bowls are also larger than most pyre furniture, with diameters of the earlier examples normally ranging from 12 to 15 cm.72 Indeed, while covered bowls are sometimes found in pyres,73most of those in the Agora come from cistern deposits, suggestingthat the vessel was also put to practical use, and the shape did, in fact, survive beyond the demise of the pyre custom. Most examples date in the last quarter of the 4th century or the early part of the 3rd (1492, 1493),74 but a few fragments come from contexts that may date as early as the second quarter of the 4th century.75 Nine bowls and five lids of the delicate early form are known. A somewhat altered form is attested by four bowls from workshopdeposits of the second half of the 3rd century and first quarter of the 2nd (1496-1499). These show considerable variation, with rounded or flat bottoms and rims either sloping to the inside or flat on top. Although somewhat smaller than earlier examples (Diam. 10-12.5 cm.), like them they are glazed only on the inside, with the rim reserved. 72

Exceptions are a large bowl (P 14648) with a diameter of ca. 19.5 cm., from a deposit of the second quarterof the 4th century (E 2:3), and a smaller size suggested by the lid P 6975 (D-E 8-9:1). 73 1492, 1493, and P 19054 (Young 1951b, no. 4:11, pp. 118-119, pl. 51:a);Kerameikos XIV, nos. 21:18, 19, 28:8, 60:9, pp. 19, 40, 60, pis. 31:9, 38:3, 45:3. They are also attested as grave gifts: Schlorb-Vierneisel 1966, no. 171:17, p. 96, pl. 59:6. 74 Also three bowls and two lids from D-E 8-9:1 (P 6970-P 6972, P 6974, P 6975). 75 P 14648 from E 2:3, P 12393 from G 12:23. Others of the second quarter of the 4th century: Kerameikos XIV, nos. 28:8, 60:9.

PDART III

13 IMPORTED POTTERY ABOUT 350 PIECES of Hellenistic wheelmade and related fine ware in the inventory have iTI. been identified as imports;delving into the context pottery from selected deposits adds some 200 additional fragments. Some, like the white-ground lagynoi and Pergamene applique ware, were probably imported for their aesthetic qualities. A few, like the aryballoi (1749-1755) and the medicine bottles (1769-1777), were brought in for the sake of their contents. Still others arrived,no doubt, in the baggage of travelersor immigrants. To complete the picture of imported fine wares, one would have to add Eastern Sigillata A (to appear in a forthcoming volume by Robinson and Hayes), imported moldmade bowls (see AgoraXXII), and imported lamps (see AgoraIV); but even an analysis of the limited material presented here can throw some light on Athens' relationship to the wider Hellenistic world. Some of the imports belong to well-known fabrics that have been extensively studied and published; they can therefore be identified with some assurance. Others, however, have been called imports simply because they stand out from the mass of Attic pottery by virtue of their unusual fabric, glaze, form, or decoration. This is hardly an infallible criterion;Attic fabric and glaze can take on a variety of appearances, and, conversely,some non-Attic wares resemble Attic pottery closely. Thus some of the pieces may be local vesselsthat have fired in an unusual manner, or that imitate imports, or that are innovations that were never repeated. But all the pieces in this section, even if some may have been made in Attica, are atypical of Attic material. Although it is rarely possible to pinpoint the origins of imported pieces, several large groups can be assigned to general geographical areas. Relatively little material seems to have entered Athens from Italy, although black wares of very high quality were produced there throughout the period. Two pieces of Gnathia pottery were imported in the first quarter of the 3rd century (1635, 1636). This is precisely the time when Attic potters began using white in their painted decoration, to produce true West Slope technique, and it is possible that Gnathia prototypes had some influence on this innovation.1 Also from southern Italy are a single Campana A plate (1642) from the region of Naples, two gray-ware aryballoi (e.g. 1617), and perhaps fragments of a cup-kantharos, a skyphos(?),and an oinochoe (1637, 1666, 1703). Six more black-glazed plates, four of Campana B ware, come from northern or central Italy (1638-1641, 1643, 1644). Also perhaps Italian are a large unguentarium (1686) and a moldmade foot-askos (1794). A thin but steady stream of Italian thin-walled beakers, all of Moevs' Form I, Group A, entered Athens beginning in the middle of the 2nd century (e.g. 1784); import of Italian thin-walledwares increased dramaticallyin the second half of the Ist century. Many of the unidentified pieces probably come from centers in Greece where Hellenistic ceramics have not been extensively studied or widely published. Two or three vessels may be Boiotian (1667, 1668, 1697), and pale fabric suggestsa Corinthian origin for a number of others (1694, 1695, 1713, 1749).2 Three more have been associated, very tentatively, with Argos (1717, 1734, 1735). Crete was the source of the two Hadra hydriaiof normal size and possibly of the miniature as well (1500-1502). Very little seems to have come from the north; only one piece 1 Rotroff 1990b,

2

p. 37. Also P 14285, P 11531, P 22217 (AgoraXXII, nos. 370, 371, 382, pp. 88-89, pls. 65, 66, 88).

222

POTTERY 13.IMPORTED

(1702) shows similarities with the well-published corpus of Macedonian pottery, and a second may come from the northwest (1689). The bulk of the imports originated in the east. This is undoubtedly the source of most of the light-ground and gray wares, which were probably manufactured along the west coast of Asia Minor. The two-handled cups (1576-1579) come from Knidos, along with Knidian lamps that were imported in small numbers in the later 2nd century.3 Also from this area come the Ionian platters of the 1st century (1573-1575), as well as a sprinkling of "Ionian" moldmade bowls probably manufacturedin Ephesos.4 A dozen or more vessels can be associated more or less securely with Pergamon. Fragmentsof three applique skyphoi (1647-1649; note also the imitation 1650) find close parallels at Pergamon, and two other pieces with applique decoration are closely similar in fabric (1651, 1652). A few others are undecorated Pergamene sigillata (1653, 1654, and perhaps 1655 and 1656). There is also some Pergamene West Slope ware, now much better defined thanks to the recent work of Doris Behr and Vaso Patsiada5 (1671, 1673, 1678, 1679, and perhaps 1660, 1672, 1681, 1688). A series of red-glazed pieces with West Slope decoration appears to be within the same tradition, but none is closely paralleled at Pergamon. They include an extremely fine cup with moldmade feet (1659) and fragments of three closed vessels (1661-1663). 1662 has a black-glazedtwin (1676), which may also suggest Pergamon, where the same wares were regularlyfired either black or red.6 Banded fish-plates, of which the Agora has two (cf. 1718), are common on the coast of Asia Minor and nearbyislands. A fairlycohesive group of fragmentswith stampeddecoration is also likely to be eastern in origin. The most informative is the calyx-krater1707, the only example where enough is preserved to identify shape. The applique recalls Pergameneware, but the stamped rim links the piece to a series of rim fragments(1708 and 1709 in blackglaze, 1599 and 1600 in gray ware);the shapes of these rims and their stamped decoration are closely paralleled in ESA plates of Samaria Form 8.7 Interestingly,however, 1709 comes from the building fill of the Stoa of Attalos and thus dates no later than the second quarter of the 2nd century,probablytoo early to have been inspired by the eastern ware. Whatever the connection between the wares, however, the similarityto ESA indicates an eastern origin for the stampedrims. A few other stampedpieces, mostly in gray ware, may belong to the same tradition (1593, 1598, 1614, 1615, 1622, 1710). Egypt is undoubtedly the source of at least some of the faience vessels. Among them are fragmentsof five oinochoai bearing representationsof Ptolemaic queens, vessels created in Alexandria for the service of the dynastic cult there;8they must have been brought to Athens as souvenirs in the course of the 3rd century. Additional faience pieces are fragmentsof three plates (e.g. 1800, 1801) and one moldmade lotus bowl (1802), as well as small fragmentsof an open vessel of unidentified shape (P 8018 from the lower fill of E 6:2). Exotic imports from Mesopotamia include two fragments of green-glazed ware (1795, 1796) and three plates with an extremely vitreous, darkblue glaze (1797-1799). Imported pottery was very rare in the early Hellenistic period. Only a handful of imported pots has been identified from deposits laid down before 250 and about twenty in contexts of the second half of the 3rd century. Numbers are much greater in the 2nd century and continue 3 AgoraIV, Types 40 A and 50 A, pp. 126-127, 170-171. 4 AgoraXXII, p. 42; for their manufacture in Ephesos see Seiterle 1982, pp. 148-149, pl. 26:3; Vetters 1981, V-VII. Note that also to Greece in p. 141, pls. Ephesos exported lamps large numbers in the 1st century (AgoraIV, 49 pp. 166-169, Type A). 5 Behr 1988; Patsiada 1990. 6 PF VI, pp. 16-17, well illustratedin the color frontispiece. 7 E.g. SamariaIII, p. 327, fig. 78. 8 D. B. Thompson 1973, nos. 27, 44, 45, 189, 200, pp. 133, 139-140, 182, 186, pls. X, XVIII, LVI, LVIII.

HADRA HYDRIA

223

to grow in the 1st. As Graph 10 shows, increased imports of the first half of the 2nd century are miscellaneous and do not indicate growth in trading activity in any specific direction. The figures do suggest, however,that Athens was more open to imported ceramics than she had been before. Several factors might have caused this. PossiblyAthenian consumers were increasingly dissatisfiedwith the products of their own city and thus more apt to buy imported ceramics. Or more trading vessels may have called at Athens' harbors. It would be tempting to attribute the phenomenon at least in part to Athens' acquisition of Delos in 166, which would have given her greater access to foreign markets. But it appears that imports had already begun to increase before that date, and so other factors must have been at work as well. In deposits laid down after ca. 150, gray wares and lagynos ware overshadow other imports. Eastern potters were now producing a series of attractiveand well-made products, some of which are found in large numbers on many sites throughout the Mediterranean. Thus it seems that these manufacturerswere developing a broader trade network through which to market their wares. Possibly the Roman reorganization of the territory of Pergamon as the province of Asia in 129, after the death of Attalos III, provided the stimulusfor this increased economic activity. It is instructive also to consider the contribution of the Athenian potters to the international trade in fine ceramics. Athens had been a major exporter of fine pottery in the Classical period, and the relativelylarge amount of what appears to be Attic pottery at Olynthos and in the Chatby cemetery at Alexandria9 suggests that she sustained this role with some vitality throughout the 4th century. The absence of true West Slope Attic pottery at Chatby,however,shows that exports were abating in the early years of the 3rd century.10 Nonetheless, Attic pottery dating as late as ca. 270 is found in some quantity on several sites in the eastern Mediterranean.11West Slope and black-glazedAthenian products dating after ca. 250, however,are almost never found outside Attica. The only ceramic item that seems to have enjoyed a wider marketis the moldmade bowl; Attic examples have been found on various sites in Greece, as well as in Asia Minor, Syria, and Olbia(?).12Molds were also exported, enabling local potters to copy Athenian products closely.13 Most of these instances, however, are limited to the years before ca. 175, and it would appear that the more pottery Athens imported, the less she exported. The large ware groups (light-groundand gray wares)are discussedbelow. See the individual catalogue entries for comments on the miscellany 1665-1802. HADRA HYDRIA (1500-1502) While light decoration on a dark backgroundwas the staple of Hellenistic painted pottery, some wares of high quality used the opposite scheme. The most ambitious of these are the Hadra 9 Note, though, that Attic provenience for this material has not been confirmed by chemical analysis, and it is possible that much of the Chatby and Olynthos material consists of close local imitations of Attic pottery. 10 See Rotroff 1990a, pp. 177-178. 1 For example, the large number of Attic vessels collected by Vogell, most of them apparently from Olbia (Vogell, pl. VI); numerous early Hellenistic imports on Aigina (Alt-AginaII, i, pls. 36-38); and the widely exported products of the Dikeras, Edwards, and Bracket Leaf Groups (see pp. 73, 74-75 above). Recent study of Hellenistic pottery from Paphos has identified no Attic pottery later than the early 3rd century (PaphosIII, p. 5). There is, however, a tendency of analysts to identify any well-glazed black sherd as Attic; many pieces so identified in publications are almost certainly not Attic. 12 See AgoraXXII, p. 10, note 43. 13 An Attic mold was found on Tinos (Tinos I, An. 9, p. 224, pl. 111); export of molds could also explain the very close similarityof a moldmade bowl from Italy,with an Italian rim form (Hayes 1984a, no. 187, pp. 104-106), to Attic bowls of the Workshopof Bion.

224

13. IMPORTEDPOTTERY

hydriai,which take their name from the Alexandriancemetery in which large numbers have been found and where they servedas cineraryurns for soldiersand diplomatswho died during their stay in the city.14There they appear in two varieties:vessels of fine fabric with decoration in silhouette and black figure painted directly on the surface;and whitewashed hydriai made of coarser fabric and decorated in polychrome. The concentration of these vessels in Alexandrian cemeteries was long considered sufficientgrounds to identify both types as Egyptian. But recent stylisticanalysis of the painted motifs on the clay-ground Hadras, reinforcedby chemical analysis of their fabric, has demonstratedthat they were manufacturedon Crete.15Two clay-groundHadra hydriaihave been found at the Agora, and a third vessel imitates them in miniature. The hydriai of normal scale are most likely of Cretan manufactureand have been attributedby Peter Callaghan to the Dromeus Painter and the Hippocamp Painter,both of whom also painted pottery in West Slope technique at Knossos.16 Both pots were found in household debris and seem not to have been intended as funeraryvessels. A series of inked inscriptions on clay-ground hydriai gives dates in Ptolemaic regnal years, and while their interpretationhas not been without difficulties,they provide a frameworkfor the dating of the vessels.17In addition, dated contexts on Crete containing the work of the painters in question help to narrowthe dates of the hydriai. Arnold Enklaardates the Dromeus Painterto the years 240-200 on the basis of comparisonof his workwith dated Hadra hydriai;he places 1500 at the end of his career, near the end of the 3rd century.18 The shapes of the Cretan West Slope vessels that this artisan decorated, however,and the contexts in which they were found have led Callaghan to propose a narrower span, in the years 230-210.19 The context of 1500, which seems to have been closed before the end of the century,supportsCallaghan'sdate. Enklaardates 1501 to the years 235-220 on the basis of shape and decoration. Callaghan, however,assignsit to the same hand that painted two inscribed Hadras, one dating to 213, the other to before 219, as well as Knossian West Slope vessels that he dates in the last quarter of the 3rd century.20 The miniature 1502 is unusual in its decoration. The garlands painted in sponged dabs of thin glaze and wound with darker brown fillets are closely similar to wreaths and swags on white-ground lagynoi such as 1505, 1507, and 1520, all of which come from late Hellenistic contexts. The miniature too comes from a late context, and these considerations combine to suggest that it dates significantlylater than the heyday of the Hadra hydriai.21 14

The most important studies of the type are Guerrini 1964; B. E Cook 1966; B. F Cook 1984; Callaghan 1980; Callaghan 1984; Callaghan andJones 1985; Enklaar 1985; Enklaar 1986. 15 Callaghan andJones 1985;Jones 1986, pp. 734-737. 16 Callaghan illustrates1500 among the workof the Dromeus Painter(CallaghanandJones 1985, p. 15, fig. 5, with discussion of the painter on p. 11; see also Callaghan 1984, p. 791, pl. CXXIV:1). He lists Guerrini 1964, A 10 (= 1501) among vessels by the Hippocamp Painter(Callaghan 1981a, p. 56, note 66). Both Enklaarand Callaghan agree on the attribution of 1500 to the Dromeus Painter (for Enklaar'sattribution see Enklaar 1985, p. 141), but Enklaar (p. 143) assigns 1501 to his Peintre des Tenias. For the difficulties inherent in the attribution of Hadra hydriai to individual hands see Rotroff 1991, pp. 61-64. 17 Braunert 1951-1952, pp. 231-263; B. F. Cook 1966, pp. 8-9. 18 Enklaar 1985, pp. 141-142. 19 Callaghan 1984, p. 791. 20 Enklaar 1985, p. 143; Callaghan 1981a, p. 56, note 66. The dated Hadras are New York, M.M.A. 90.9.29 and 90.9.18 (B. F. Cook 1966, nos. 9, 27, pp. 24, 32). 21 Enklaar (1985, pp. 115-116) believes that production of Hadra hydriai came to an end shortly after the date of the last inscribed example (197 B.C.);Callaghan (1983b, p. 127), however,would prolong it at least until the middle of the 2nd century.

LAGYNOSAND RELATEDWARES

225

LAGYNOS AND RELATED WARES The commonest light-ground ware at the Agora is the white-slipped pottery known as lagynos ware; there are also a number of related wares that differ from it in fabric, slip, technique, and type of decoration. Although it is still not possible to assign these fabrics to specific points of origin, or even to define them very closely, it has seemed best to divide the material into broad categories on the basis of some of these differences. Lagynoi, pyxides, and a few other pieces with light slip and monochrome decoration are considered together as lagynos ware proper. Related material with no slip is treated separately,even though some of the pieces are closely similar in shape and decoration to some of the slipped lagynoi. A third category is made up of white-ground vessels with polychrome decoration, and a few miscellanea appear at the end. The use of a white ground by Attic potters is attested by the white-groundPanathenaics,and it is possible that some of these pieces are local.22 LAGYNOSWARE(1503-1545)

from its most characteristicshape),or Pitane ware (fromthe discovery ois Lagynos ware (so-called of numerous examples at that site),23 is the most widespread of the Hellenistic light-ground ceramics. It is distinguishedby a fine slip that ranges in color from pink to cream to chalkywhite and by decoration painted in glaze and varying from red to brown to black in color. The lagynos is by far the most common shape, but white-groundpotters also made pyxides, thymiateria,jugs, and hemispherical cups (all represented at the Agora), as well as cups, kraters, and plates.24 Vessels of this ware have been found all over the Mediterranean.25Although the concentration is in the east, examples have been reportedfrom as far west as Spain, and there was clearly a lively trade in these items. There is considerable variation in fabric, even among pieces found on a single site. Jorg Schafer has remarked, for instance, that one Agora piece (1514) resembles his in fabric, while others (1503, 1506, 1507 and 1552) do not.26 We are not Pergamene Kerngruppe in a yet, however, position to draw any conclusionsabout the origins of these vessels on the basis of differingfabrics. The largest concentrationsof the ware come from the area around Pergamon,27 and the name 'Atrr6Xoustamped on 1525 adds weight to the suggestion that white-groundwares were manufactured there or nearby. Cyprus produced its own distinctive version of the ware, attested by numerous lagynoi from Cypriot tombs.28 Local industrieshave also been postulated for Argos, Samos, Israel, and North Africa.29 22

I am indebted to Roger Edwards for this observation. For some examples see G. R. Edwards 1957, nos. 40-49, pp. 327-328, 345-347, pls. 83-85. 23 AvP IX, p. 122. 24 For these other shapes see Leroux 1913, nos. 102-121, pp. 52-60; PF II, pp. 104, 106-109, figs. 7-9, pls. 41, 42, 46-49; AcEX27, 1972, B' 2 [1977], pp. 340-341, pl. 292:aT;Radt 1979, p. 324, fig. 12. 25 See note 35 below. 26 PF II, p. 111. 27 See PF II, pp. 109-110; AvP IX, p. 122. Fragmentshave been found in late Hellenistic kiln debris at Pergamon (PF II, p. 110). The ware is also well represented on Delos (DelosXXVII, D 96-D 119, pp. 251-252, pls. 44-45; DelosXVIII, pp. 377-378, pl. CV) but could not have been manufacturedthere. 28 SwCyprusExp IV, iii, pp. 59, 65; Leroux 1913, pp. 30, 103. See also note 35 below. 29 Bruneau 1970, p. 513; SamosXIV, p. 156; Henschel-Simon 1945, pp. 77-78; Labraunda II, i, p. 18; Dent, Lloyd, and Riley 1976-1977, p. 151.

13. IMPORTEDPOTTERY

226 LAGYNOS

(1503-1532)

The term "lagynos"has been applied to a type of one-handled, thin-necked pitcher made in a great variety of fabrics from the 3rd to the Ist century. In ancient sources the word appears from the 4th century onward to designate a wine jug distinguished by its long, thin neck and single handle and by the gurgling sound it made when the wine was poured.30 It was used at symposia, where the drinker often brought it along as his contribution to the feast.31 It is also describedas a measurewith a capacity of twelve kotylai. Although these descriptionsare perfectly appropriateto the vessels under considerationhere, the term was in use both before and after the period during which this type of decanter was manufacturedand probablyhad wider application in antiquity.32 Lagynoi are known in Athens in both household and fine wares. A series of large, householdware jugs, which probably served as commercial containers and seem to have had standard capacities, is attested from the second quarter of the 3rd century onwards; some have stamped handles in the manner of transportamphoras.33The lagynoi with which we are concerned here, however, are purely table vessels, introduced considerably later and produced in a variety of fabrics, the most important of which is white-ground lagynos ware34 (for gray ware and local imitations in black glaze see p. 127 and 1590). They are smallerthan the household-warelagynoi (H. ca. 12-25 cm.) and differ from them in details of shape. Represented at the Agora by some thirty pieces, they are widespread in the Mediterranean.35 30 The sources have been brought together and discussed by Pierobon (1979). See also Leroux 1913, pp. 73-79; Zahn 1908, pp. 70-71; Anderson 1954, p. 156. The most importanttestimonia are Athenaios 7.276a-c, 11.499b-e; Anth.Gr.6.229, 248; and Plutarch, Qyaest.conv.1.614e-f. 31 Anth.Gr.6.248 describes a lagynos as oa6nXavoo;,a word that was actuallywritten on at least one lagynos (Zahn 1908, no. 32, pp. 68-69, fig. 32 on p. 73; cf. also PF II, F 43, pp. 106, 115, pl. 45, with a partial inscription,restoredas [ovu)7Xav][tev[oq/T)]).Other inscriptions of a generally festive character are xQ[og L, r)%tov, and hbov? (CVA, Stuttgart 1 [Germany 26], pl. 40 [1252]:2; Leroux 1913, no. 51, p. 33; AncientMacedonia,no. 369, p. 396). For names on lagynoi see Masson 1984, pp. 230-233. 32 Athenaios cites the use of the word Aristotleand the by 4th-centurycomic poet Nikostratosand of the compound Stesichoros The word by (11.499b-c, e). ptpX&yuvoq appears much later also (e.g. in Plutarch, degarr.509d and Grenfell and Hunt 1914, no. 1294, line 6, pp. 247-248) and was inscribed before firing on an Egyptian pilgrim flask of the Roman period (AA[JdI 44] 1929, cols. 204-208, fig. 5 in col. 202). 33 For an early example see Vanderpool, McCredie, and Steinberg 1962, no. 50, p. 39, pl. 21. For discussion of the development of household lagynoi see G. R. Edwards 1965, pp. 18-19; for stamped examples see Grace 1949, p. 180; Grace 1956b, pp. 166-167, pl. 73. 34 The only monograph on the type remains Leroux 1913. A useful update and discussion appears in PF II, II, i, pp. 18-19. pp. 101-113; see also Labraunda 35 In addition to references in Leroux 1913 and in notes 40-43 below, see the following. Athens: I. R. Metzger nos. B' 1 1973, 179, 180, p. 78, pl. 19; Aker 20, 1965, [1967], p. 33, pl. 33:P; Kokkou-Buridi 1982, nos. 107, 108, p. 55, fig. 7, pl. AA; CVA,Mainz 2 [Germany 43], pl. 39 [2096]:4. Eretria:I. R. Metzger 1994, pp. 78-79, pls. 36, 37. Argos:Bruneau 1970, nos. 58.4, 59.29, 85.1, 185.16, 188.1, pp. 459-461, 471, 487, 498, 504, figs. 61, 87, 88, 139, 140, 162, 175, 176, 208, 209; Bommelaer and Grandjean 1972, pp. 190-191, fig. 56:a. Patras: Kyriakou 1994, pp. 191-192, pls. 135-137, 140:y. Messenia: AeXr 17, 1961-1962, B' [1963], no. 9, pp. 98-99, pl. 103:p; AeXr 24, 1969, B'1 [1971], p. 142, pl. 140:8;BCH 94, 1970, p. 996, fig. 230:c on p. 1002; Kaltsas 1990, no. 15, p. 12, pl. 15. Delos: BCH 78, 1954, p. 221, fig. 5; Zapheiropoulouand Hatzidakis 1994, pp. 244-245, pls. 195, 199, 200:a. Melos: Pagenstecher 1913, pp. 31-32, fig. 38. Amorgos: Pappa 1994, p. 97, fig. 3. Thera: CVA,S.vres [France 13], p. 49, pl. 24 [553]:23. Knossos: Homann-Wedeking 1950, p. 189, pl. 15:D. Thessaloniki: Ae)r 21, 1966, B' 2 [1968], p. 336, pl. 358:r7. Thrace: Aekr 29, 1973-1974, B' 3 [1980], pp. 798, 841, pls. 587:ca,632:e, or. Black Sea: Belin de Ballu 1972, p. 115, pl. XXXVIII; MirmekiI, p. 69, fig. 83; AA [JdI 22] 1907, no. 16, cols. 137-139, figs. 8, 9 (Kerch);Makhneva 1967, pp. 253-256; Apollonia,no. 373, p. 173, pls. 97, 98. Samos: SamosXIV, pp. 115,

LAGYNOSAND RELATEDWARES

227

White-ground lagynoi were most popular between about 150 and 50, but their manufacture began somewhat earlier. A handle fragment from the Komos Cistern (1524) and two uninventoried body fragments from P 21:4 show that they were already being imported to Athens in the first quarter of the 2nd century. Possible evidence for an even earlier date comes from Tarsus, where a small fragment tentatively identified as a white-ground lagynos was found in a late-3rd-century context.36 Fine-ware lagynoi with a hard, creamy slip, but without glazed decoration, were already being made in Cyprus in the years 225-218, when several inscribed examples were dedicated at the well-dated shrine of the Nymph at Kafizin.37 At Pergamon the ware is lacking from deposits under the Great Altar,38but four pieces come from Bauphase10 of the Asklepieion, dating from ca. 190 to the second quarterof the 2nd century.39Their apparent rarity at Corinth suggests that white-ground lagynoi were not imported on a large scale before the destructionof the city in 146.40 The increasedpopularityof the shape in Greece in the second half of the 2nd century is illustratedby a group of three lagynoi from an Aiginetan tomb closely dated to the period 144-13341 and by examples from Thompson's Group D (1514, 1533) and Group E (1503, 1506, 1507, 1552). Lagynoi are common in pure Sullan destruction debris (1505, 1512, 1516, 1527, 1529, 1530, 1532) and in post-Sullan cleanup deposits (1504, 1520, 1521, 1531). They were still in use on Delos at the time of the destruction of 6942 and made up part of the cargo of the AntikytheraWreck,which sank in the second quarterof the 1st century.43 121, 155-156, figs. 189:A, 203:F, 251; AeXk 28, 1973, B' 2 [1977], p. 527, pl. 497:P; Tsakos 1994, p. 161, fig. 7. Rhodes: Giannikouri, Patsiada, and Philimonos 1990, pls. 89, 90. Pergamon:AvP I, ii, pp. 277-278, Beiblatt45, 46; AvP IX, pp. 122-123, pl. 59:b; AvP XI, i, nos. 250-253, 329-331, pp. 138, 150-151, pls. 49, 54, 65; AvP XI, ii, nos. 101, 102, 206-208, 414, 450, pp. 72, 80, 99, 102, pls. 43:3-5, 78:7; PF II, F 11-F 34A, p. 114, pls. 43-45; Bohtz and Albert 1975, nos. 1-4, 9-13, 16, pp. 506-511, figs. 36, 37, 39-41. Miletos: Graeve 1975, p. 40, pl. 14:a; Pfrommer 1985, no. 50, p. 58, fig. 50 on p. 75. Priene: Prine, pp. 399-401. Ephesos: EphesosIX, ii/ii, E 1-E 10, E 13, pp. 75-77, pls. 89, 90. Labraunda:Labraunda II, i, nos. 81-95, pp. 60-61, pl. 8. Eski?ehir(near Gordion): Atasoy 1974, no. 46, p. 263, pl. 54, fig. 20. Tarsus: TarsusI, no. 189, p. 226, fig. 132. Antioch: AntiochIV, i, p. 28, fig. 8:17-23. Hama: HamaIII, ii, nos. 89-94, pp. 21-24, figs. 10, 11. Israel:HESamaria,Type 21, p. 303, fig. 183:21a; Bliss and Macalister 1902, pp. 125-126, pl. 59:1-4. Cyprus: SwCyprusExp IV, iii, pp. 59, 65, figs. 22, 23, 28, 29; Masson 1984, p. 230, pl. XLVIII; BCH 84, 1960, pp. 294-295, fig. 71; BCH 90, 1966, p. 335, fig. 89; BCH 91, 1967, pp. 295-296, fig. 54, p. 298, fig. 60; BCH 108, 1984, pp. 952-953, fig. 152; BCH 109, 1985, no. 11, p. 900, fig. 12; BCH 110, 1986, pp. 856-857, fig. 88; PaphosIII, pp. 18-21, figs. X, XI; CVA,Mainz 2 [Germany 43], p. 79, pl. 39 [2096]:6 and probably 5. Alexandria:Pagenstecher 1913, pp. 30-32, pl. XIII; Adriani 1936, nos. 1, 5, p. 137, fig. 58. Cyrenaica:BenghaziIII, i, B 192, B 193, pp. 122-123, fig. 24, pl. IV; Dent, Lloyd, and Riley 1976-1977, nos. 23-27, pp. 150-151, fig. 7; Vilimkova and Wimmer 1969, no. 96, p. 39, pl. 96; CVA,Brussels3 [Belgium 3], pl. 2 [140]:13; CVA,Sevres [France 13], p. 49, pl. 24 [553]:24, 25. Italy: Mercando 1976, pp. 167, 203, figs. 59, 60 (Ancona); CVA,Stuttgart 1 [Germany 26], pl. 40 [1252]:3 (Rome);Antikenaus rheinischem no. 86, pp. 63-64, pl. 41. Privatbesitz, Sicily: Bisi 1967, no. 19, p. 276, pl. LXXV:I (Lilibeo). Spain: Perez Ballester,Cabrera Bonet, and Palaez 1980. 36 TarsusI, p. 226, under no. 189. Note also that a complete white-ground lagynos from Argos was found in a tomb with 3rd-century material (Bruneau 1970, no. 59.29, p. 471, figs. 87, 88, and 208 on p. 514; for the date see p. 475). The 3rd-century"lagynoi"referredto by Howland (AgoraIV,p. 95) and, citing him, Helstrom (Labraunda II, i, p. 18) are 1145 and 1146; these are not, in fact, lagynoi but rathergutti, which are somewhat similarin shape but of a different origin. 37 Mitford 1980, nos. 45-52, pp. 32-42. 38 PF II, 112. p. 39 AvP XI, i, nos. 250-253, p. 138, pls. 49, 65. 40 Corinth VII, iii, p. 50, note 34 lists only three examples of white-ground lagynoi from the city. See Broneer 1947, p. 240, pl. LVIII:12;Broneer 1935, pp. 71-72, fig. 16. 41 Alt-AginaII, i, nos. 667, 669, 670, p. 84, pls. 51-53; for the date of the tomb see p. 85. 42 PF II, pp. 111-112; DelosXXVII, D 96-D 112, pp. 251-252, pls. 44, 45; BCH 85, 1961, pp. 916-918, fig. 11. 43 G. R. Edwards 1965, nos. 9, 10, p. 21, fig. 9; for the date see ibid.,p. 4.

228

13. IMPORTED POTTERY

The Hellenistic version of the shape apparentlywent out of use shortly thereafter,for it is rarely found in early Roman deposits at the Agora or elsewhere. The name, however, continued in use, and similar shapes of Roman date have been noted.44 The most common form of the jug has an angularprofile;about twenty examples in standard lagynos fabric are inventoried at the Agora. Virtually all have a low ring foot with a nearly flat underside. A single handle runs vertically from the shoulder, arching slightly, and is attached below the rim. The tubular neck, made separately,ends in a plain, torus, or cup mouth. In his study of Cypriot lagynoi, Alfred Westholm proposed two parallel shape series, one in which the height of the lower body is greater than that of the upper body or shoulder (Shape 1) and a second in which the two parts of the body are of the same height (Shape 2).45 Since all the complete lagynoi in the Agora come from late contexts, this material can neither support nor undermine Westholm'schronologicalsequence. The Agora lagynoi, however,do supporthis dual typology, since vessels of Shape 1 are usually of a differentfabric, have a strap rather than a rope handle, and bear differentdecoration than vessels of Shape 2. Little or no shape development can be seen among the angular lagynoi at the Agora, most of which are probably contemporaneous. White-ground lagynoi do not appear in large numbers in deposits earlier than Group E, laid down around 110, which suggests that, although present earlier,they were not common in Athens until the last quarter of the 2nd century. A difference between the lagynoi from Group E and from Sullan debris discardeda generation later may have some chronological significance. Three of the four lagynoi in Group E are of Shape 1 (1503, 1506, 1507), while Shape 2 is more common in the rich Sullan debris in cistern M 20:1 (1512, 1529, 1530, 1532). Furthermore,only one or two of the Shape 2 lagynoi at the Agora come from pre-Sullan deposits (1528 and perhaps 1552, possibly from Group E, of a differentfabric), and none appear in deposits dating before ca. 125. This suggests that Shape 2 was introduced to Athens considerablylater than Shape 1 and became more popular in the early 1st century. It may also be noted that a chalky white slip is mostly restricted to pieces from 2nd-century contexts (1506, 1507, 1514, 1524). In the absence of firm criteria for more precise dating, pieces have been dated in the catalogue by context only. Round-bodied lagynoi are, at the Agora as elsewhere, much less common than angular ones; the excavations have produced four pieces of canonical type (1514-1517; see also the related 1546-1548). All are fragmentary,but enough is preservedto give a notion of the shape: a higher ring foot than on angular lagynoi; a globular body; a fairlylong, tubular neck; a torus or molded lip; and a double-grooved strap handle. The white-ground lthAgora lagynoi at the may be divided into two groups, decorated and two of ornamentation coincide broadly with differences in fabric banded, and these theypes and shape. Decorated Decorated lagynoi (1503-1526) bear a variety of painted motifs in the shoulder zone. The group includes all the round-bodied lagynoi and shows an overwhelmingpreference for angular lagynoi of Shape 1. Only one decorated lagynos is of Shape 2 (1512), and it differs in handle type from other Shape 2 lagynoi, substitutingthe double-groovedstrap handle of Shape 1 for the normal rope handle of Shape 2. The angularjugs have a deep lower body,with walls approaching the vertical, meeting the shoulderat an oblique angle. The shoulder is low in comparison, usually convex but sometimes straight (1506). The tubular neck may be long (1503, 1504) or short 44

E.g. Ghali-Kahil 1960, pp. 73-91; Greifenhagen 1963, pp. 66-81.

45 SwCyprusExp iii, p. 59. IV,

LAGYNOS AND RELATED WARES

229

(1505-1507) and is sometimes slightly offset from the body (1505, 1506, 1508). The rim is plain (e.g. 1507), torus (e.g. 1503, 1514), or cup shaped (1506). The handle is a strap with two broad grooves;on two lagynoi there is a thumb impressionat the base of the handle (1503, 1507). The foot, the angle of the body (or, on round lagynoi, the belly), the base of the neck, and the rim are all accentuated by painted bands. The and at the angle is broader,with additional narrow bands above and below it. Most of the motifs represented at the Agora are known also on examples elsewhere:wreaths (1504-1506), swags (1507, 1511, 1520), possibly an ivy garland (1509), syrinx (504, 1521), lotus corolla (1512, 1515), rays(1508, 1514, 1522), and a lantern(?) (1505). More unusual are the cup or krater on 1504 and the large bead and reel on 1517, not otherwise attested on lagynoi but a popular motif on late Hellenistic Athenian West Slope vessels (e.g. 350, 1285, 1290). The decoration is monochrome, but variation in the thickness of the glaze allows contrast between the lighter foliage of the wreaths, for instance, and the darkerfillets wrapped around it. This foliage is sometimes very light, seemingly dabbed on with a spongelike applicator. On 1511 the wreath is made up of overlappingcircles of glaze, a detail that is also found on contemporary Attic West Slope vessels (e.g. 1282, 1297-1299). On the miniature 1513, which has an unusual double handle, preliminarysketch lines delineate the lotus pattern on the shoulder, a feature found only very rarely on white-ground lagynoi.46 The fabric of thiros group is usuallywell levigated, hard, and very micaceous; only three pieces have significant amounts of other inclusions (1510, 1515, 1524). There is variation in the color, from something close to Attic fabric (e.g. 1507, 1508) to a deeper red (e.g. 1503, 1509, 1510). This is at least in some cases due to firing, as mottling on 1506 indicates. Some pieces have much less mica than the others (1505, 1511, 1512, 1522, 1523), but their decoration or shape does not distinguishthem as a group from their fellows. The glaze used for decoration has usuallyfired from brown to buff f but may also be orange. The slip is whiter and in most cases less fugitive than that on banded lagynoi. On 1517 the foot was left unslipped when the pot was dipped, a feature that links it to the latest pieces in the lagynos tradition (cf 1546). Banded The banded lagynoi (1527-1532), with the exception of 1527, belong to Shape 2.47 The upper and lower bodies meet at an acute angle, producing a very squat profile. The neck is usually long, with a concave profile, and is only once offset from the body (1531). The same three types of lip occur: plain or slightly thickened (1529), torus (1527, 1531), and cup (1530, 1532). All vessels have a slightlytwistedrope handle. Decoration, alwaysin red glaze, is restricted to horizontal bands on the foot, at the body angle, and on the lip; there is normally no band at the base of the neck. The fabric of most examples is coarser and less micaceous than that of decorated lagynoi, with many black, red, and white inclusions, and is often close to Attic in color (5YR 6/6, 7/6); it is never as red as that of the darkest decorated pieces. The slip has not adhered as well and is close to the color of the fabric. The Agora examples are similar to a series of lagynoi from Paphos, which John Hayes has identified as Cypriot.48 Cypriot pottery is otherwise quite rare in Athens but is attested by a group of distinctive unguentaria.49 46 PF II, pp. 102-103. 47 Banded lagynoi of Shape 1, however, are well representedon Rhodes (Giannikouri,Patsiada, and Philimonos 1990, pp. 175-176, pls. 89, 90). 48 PaphosIII, Series 6, nos. 15-17, pp. 20-21, figs. X, XI. 49 None of the examples from the Agora have been published, but they resemble PaphosIII, nos. 4-21, pp. 68-69, pl. XIV:9-17.

230

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PYXIS(1533-1539)

The pyxisis not well attestedelsewherein lagynos fabric,50but chance has preservedfragments of five pyxides and three lids at the Agora, along with a number of related pieces with polychrome decoration (see 1557-1563). Most may be broadly classifiedas Type C pyxides, with a ring foot, a projecting flange at the base of a tall, cylindrical body, and a rim inset to receive a flanged, domed lid with a large, pear-shapedknob. There are, however,some deviationsfrom this pattern. On the earliest piece (1533), traces of a flange on the inside of the rim of the body show that the ri of th the lid was to rest inside rather than outside it. The rim of 1535 is plain, with no projecting flange on either side, and its lid, too, presumablyfit on the inside; this piece also has 1536 and 1537 the at the base is minimal. squatterproportions than the others. On 153615flange The fabric resemblesem that of white-ground lagynoi: hard, fine, and very micaceous. The cream-white slip adheres fairly well to the body. Decoration is applied in thinned glaze and is usually light orangish tan in color. As on lagynoi, bands emphasize key points of the shape, like rims and flanges, and divide the wall into two registers. Here, however, decoration is applied to all surfaces:the top of the lid, the flanges, and both wall registers. The motifs are for the most part those familiar from lagynoi: wreaths, swags, palmettes, ivy garlands, lotus petals, syrinxes, lanterns. The lattice (1535) and the spearhead necklace and bead and reel (1534) more familiar from West Slope ware are also found. Two small fragments of a pyxis (1533) come from Group D, attesting that the shape was known in Athens by about 140. The slip is hard and completely preserved, like that on lagynos fragments from Groups C and D (1519, 1523), probably an early feature. Most of the other pyxides come from contexts primarily made up of debris from the Sullan sack (1534, 1536-1538), suggesting that the shape had a vogue in Athens in the early 1st century. OTHERSHAPES(1540-1545)

Only a few other pieces seem to be of lagynos ware. The hemispherical cups 1542 and 1543 are te only ones that can be identified with certainty; the shape and pattern of glazing are paralleled in better-preservedpieces elsewhere.51The large 1540, certainly of lagynos fabric, may be the lower body of a very large lagynos, or possibly of a krater,although it is unglazed inside. 1541 is perhaps a miniature column-krater,a shape attested elsewhere in large size.52 A fragmentof a smalljug (1544), though lackingin any decoration, seems to be of the same fabric as other early pieces of lagynos ware, and its context dates it before the middle of the 2nd century. 1545 may come from a moldmade lagynos, although the size is larger than normal. RELATED MATERIAL IN OTHER LIGHT-GROUND WARES

GLOSSYSLIPWARE(1546-1549)

A small group of pieces are very closely related to lagynos ware but differin enough details to merit separate discussion. The fabric varies, but on all vessels the slip has adhered very well and usually has a shiny, enamel-like surface. Two are smalljugs (1546, 1547), like the other roundbodied lagynoi except for the form of the mouth, which is more elaboratelymolded, and the lack of any glazed decoration. Both were dip glazed, like the normal lagynos 1517; this confirms the close relationship between the groups. Indications are, however, that these pieces represent 50 The

only examples known to me are Leroux 1913, no. 121, pp. 59-60; PF II, F 56, p. 115, pl. 46; and Ktbler and Gebauer 1942, col. 243, fig. 19 in col. 231. 51 Cf. PF II, F 58-F 60, pp. 108, 115, pl. 46; AeXx 27, 1972, B' 2 [1977], pp. 340-341, pi. 292:ar. 52 PF II, p. 104.

DECORATION WHITEGROUND,POLYCHROME

231

the end of the Hellenistic tradition. The closest parallels for the form of the mouth of 1547 date in the Ist century after Christ, and the piece should be placed as late as its context allows, in the second half of the 1st century B.C. A much largerjug (1548), but with a mouth like that of 1546, may also be added to the group, as well as fragmentsof what was perhaps a beaker (1549). The context of 1548 would allow a date as late as the first half of the 1st century after Christ, and the jug may represent an early Roman development of the lagynos form. Kathleen Slane reportswhat seems to be a similarware in Corinth, dating in the early 1st century after Christ.53 BANDED, UNSLIPPED LAGYNOI (1550-1553)

Lagynoi of this category are unslipped, with glazed banding applied directly to the body of the vessel. The two examples of Shape 1 (1550, 1551) are of utterly differentfabrics, both with large amounts of inclusions. Decoration is restricted to broad bands at the body angle. The two Shape 2 lagynoi (1552, 1553) are made of a rather fine fabric that perhaps made use of slip unnecessary. Red bands decorate the foot, rim, and body angle, and, except for the absence of slip, these vessels are identical to normal banded lagynoi of Shape 2 (e.g. 1531). UNDECORATED, UNSLIPPED LAGYNOI (1554-1556)

Three unglazed, undecorated lagynoi share some featureswith their decorated counterparts that set them apart from transport lagynoi. All three are of Shape 1, with upper and lower body of unequal height, and all have strap handles. Although 1554 and 1555 differ in many details of proportion and shape, their fabrics are similar and both have incised grooves on the shoulder. They were found together in Sullan destructiondebris and are probably approximately contemporary, dating in the late 2nd or early 1st century. The third piece (1556), of fine, micaceous fabric, is quite differentin shape. WHITE GROUND, POLYCHROME DECORATION (1557-1568) A large group of Type C pyxides as well as a miscellany of other pieces have been painted with a very fugitive white slip overlaid by polychrome decoration in pink, carmine and oxblood red, black, purplish brown, and green. The pyxides (three pyxides and six lids are inventoried)form a homogeneous group. In shape they are like lagynos-warepyxides, but the fabric is coarser,more varied in color, and contains mica and numerousblack, red, and white grits. The white coating in some cases is probably a lime wash (1559, 1565), as on Egyptian Hadras, though on others (e.g. 1557) it more closely resembles the slip of lagynos ware. The pigments have flaked and faded badly, and in no case can the entire decorative scheme be reconstructed. A red tongue pattern often appears on the flange of the lids (1559, 1560), and a red bead and reel enlivens the dome of 1559. Bands apparentlyorganized the surfaceand can be found at the transitionof flange to wall on both lids and bodies (1557, 1559, 1560, 1564), on the rim of 1561, and running around the wall at various heights (1557, 1559, 1560, 1562). The knob of 1559 preservestraces of close-set horizontal stripes. Most of the pyxides are like lagynos-warepyxides in shape, but 1562 has a flat bottom instead of a ring foot. Several come from Sullan contexts and were found together with lagynos-ware pyxides, confirming that the two are contemporary and were popular primarilyin 53 Wright1980,nos.61, 62, pp. 152, 171,fig.4, pl. 34;Slane1986,no. 9, pp.278, 304,pl. 62. See alsoCorinth XIII, no. 510-1, p. 296, pl. 77.

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the early 1stcentury. Parallelsfor polychromedecoration on Delos54 supportan early-1st-century date for this material. A differentpyxis shape is attested by 1564, a large, barrel-shapedvessel with two horizontal handles, probably dating in the first half of the 1st century. The other polychrome pieces are a miscellany. The miniature pyxis 1566 is remarkable chiefly for its early-2nd-centurycontext, a century earlier than other polychrome pieces at the Agora. The thymiaterion 1567 is close to examples from Delos and Pergamon and is probably of the same ware;55 the bowl is painted red, probably in reference to the coals it would carry. Much more elaborate are a moldmade, gilded lid (1565) made of a soft fabric and a delicate conical cup (1568) of a very hard, thin fabric. The relief and the colors of 1565 are reminiscent of the decoration of Centuripe ware,56but the shape is different. OTHER WHITE-GROUND VESSELS (1569-1572) This group consists of pieces with white slip, no decoration, and of fabrics that appear to differ from any discussed above. The fragment 1569, relatively early since it belongs to Group D, probably comes from an amphora or a small krater. A small dish from an early-2nd-century context (1570) is of a very fine, salmon-pinkfabric; the break is unusual, and one wonders if it might not have stood on a stand. The white covering of 1571 is extremely fugitive, and the large applique boukranion is without parallel. White paint is common on thymiateria,including local Attic thymiateria,but the thick slip of 1572, as well as its fabric, is unlike that of Attic examples. GRAY WARES In many areas of the Mediterraneanthere was a strong tradition of black-glazedwares with gray fabric, produced by firingin a reducingatmosphere.57In some areas,like the Troad, this tradition was a very long one and can be traced back to the beginning of the Bronze Age. The Hellenistic ceramic assemblage at such sites will usuallyillustratea mixture of traditions,with shapes derived from the older, non-Hellenic assemblage continuing beside vessels that imitate Greek forms in local gray ware. Gray wares were manufactured at many centers, in both the eastern and the western Mediterranean; some remained purely local products, but others were exported widely. The Agora inventory includes about seventy pieces of Hellenistic gray ware, and fragmentsof an equal number have been noted in context pottery.58These vessels are not homogeneous in fabric, style, or technique of decoration and were clearly imported from a variety of differentareas. The 54 DelosXVIII, p. 378, on a thymiaterionof Type d, fig. 446 on p. 375. Cf. also Dent, Lloyd, and Riley 1976-1977, nos. 25, 26, pp. 151-152, fig. 7, local lagynoi with polychrome decoration. 55 PF II, pp. 106-107; Dilos XVIII, pp. 377-378, pl. CV 56 Libertini 1926, pls. XLIV-XLVI, XLVIII, L, LIII-LVII, LIX, LXII, LXIII. 57 See AgoraXII, pp. 190 and 209 for Archaic and Classical gray ware at the Agora, with remarksabout possible origins. For discussion of Hellenistic gray wares see the references in note 61 below and BenghaziIII, i, pp. 49-64 (with extensive bibliography),to which add: OlBerVI 1958, pp. 79-80 (Olympia);Hobling 1923-1925, pp. 297-309 (Sparta);Coja 1968, pp. 305-329 (Histria);Dilos XXXI, pp. 95-107; Anderson 1954, pp. 148, 151-152 (Chios); Mitsopoulou-Leon 1972-1975, cols. 505-506 (Ephesos);PF II, pp. 29-30 (Pergamon);TarsusI, pp. 184-185. For a summary and bibliographyof western Mediterraneangray wares see Morel 1981, pp. 45-51 (AlbintimiliumType D, Campana C ware, "grisibicena", Hippone Type D, Moroccan Type D, Roman Type D, SardinianTypes E-I, Tipasa Types E and F). 58 This figure excludes the most numerous class of gray-firedware, the gray unguentaria, which lie outside the limits of this book. The question of whether they are imports or local products remains open.

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difficulties of identification are heightened by the fact that, while western wares have received considerable study, little work has been done on the classificationand identification of the gray wares of the eastern Mediterranean, most likely the source of most of the Agora examples. Thus only a few of the Agora vessels may be assigned to well-defined fabrics. IONIANPLATTERS(1573-1575)

A number of large platters share a soft, friable, gray to brown fabric with remarkablylarge amounts of mica, often in large pieces, as well as pieces of quartz. The glaze has a dull sheen, is mottled from gray to olive to brown, and often does not adhere well. This ware, most recently dubbed Black-glazed C2 Ware, has been identified on a number of sites in the eastern Mediterraneanand occurs occasionally in the west.59 The most characteristicshapes are platters, either with a low, thick, upturned rim, often triangularin section, or an offset rim embellished with stamped decoration. Stamps and rouletting within incised lines were sometimes applied to the floor. Distribution clearly indicates an eastern origin, probably in the southwestern part of Asia Minor.60 The pieces published here belong to the earlier phase of the ware, which was probably manufactured from the early 1st century B.C. to the second quarter of the 1st century after Christ. The profiles are fairly simple in comparison to later examples, which resemble the profilesof terra sigillata more closely. Later examples from the Agora will be published by Hayes and Robinson. KNIDIAN GRAY WARE (1576-1579)

A second distinctive and widespread ware occurs primarily in a single shape, a broad, twohandled cup with a carinated profile, which appears as a frequent import in Athens from the second quarter of the 2nd century to the first half of the 1st century after Christ. It has a narrow ring foot with a sharply defined profile. The shallow lower body with an almost straight wall meets the inclined, slightly convex upper body at a sharp angle. Two small, horizontal, recurved handles are attachedjust below the rim and project well away from the body. The fabric is very hard, brittle, and usually thin, with little mica but often substantial lime inclusions and many small voids visible on the surface. The color is variable, ranging from gray to brown, sometimes with contrast between the core and the surface. The cups are dip glazed with a thin, matte glaze covering the interior and the upper part of the exterior and are often fired contrasting colors inside and outside. Some Agora examples carry stamped decoration (see 1579). Cups of this shape and apparently of this fabric are found throughout the eastern Mediterranean; they are most common in the Aegean but occur also in the area of the Black Sea, the Levant, and, very occasionally, in the west.61 Fragments of about twenty-five have been found in 59 For a good discussion and bibliographysee BenghaziIII, i, pp. 52-55. 60 Kenrick (BenghaziIII, i, p. 52) lists examples from Samos, Ephesos, Qandarli,Priene, Labraunda,Delos, Tarsus, Antioch, Samaria, Athens, Corinth, and Olympia. Recently, more examples have been published from Ephesos IX, ii/ii, F 2-F 13, pp. 79, 82, pl. 94), Paphos (PaphosIII, no. 12, pp. 8, 11, fig. XIII:11, 12), and Stobi (StobiI, (Ephesos nos. 65-67, pp. 24-25, pls. 12, 13). The ware also occurs as an import at Troy and is very well represented in Mytilene and at Sardis (personal observation). 61 Kenrick (BenghaziIII, i, pp. 59-61) lists examples from Athens, Corinth, Siphnos, Delos, Chios, Samos, Labraunda, and Knossos in the Aegean; from Histria, Kerch, Phanagoreia, and Tanais in the northeast; from Paphos, Tarsus, Antioch, and Samaria in the east; and from Carthage and Ostia. To these add the following. Corinth: Wright 1980, nos. 95-97, pp. 158-159, pl. 32; Williams and Zervos 1982, no. 43, p. 130, pl. 41. Thebes: Aexr 19, 1964, B' 2 [1966], p. 199, pl. 234:a. Tinos: Tinos I, Ga8, p. 229, pls. 108, 123; similar in shape, but not specifically identified as Koan, are Ea4, p. 221, pls. 102, 120 and Eb3, p. 222, pl. 105. Delos: Marcade 1953, B 7364, p. 604, fig. 101:e; Zapheiropoulou and Hatzidakis 1994, pp. 243-244, pl. 194; Hatzidakis 1994, no. 4,

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Agora deposits of the 2nd and 1stcenturies. Their currencyas a popular item of trade is confirmed by the discovery of a large number as cargo of a wreck near Knidos.62 The distribution of the reported finds suggests an eastern origin, possibly in southwestAsia Minor or the islands off the coast. Philip Kenrick has identified the ware as Knidian because the fabric is similar to that of Knidian lamps and other Hellenistic ceramics from the site.63 The shape was clearly in production for a very long time with little or no change.64 The earliest recorded example is from Tarsus, where a fragment was found in the upper part of the Middle Hellenistic Unit, dated to the early 2nd century.65 The cups must have been known in Athens by that time, since Attic imitations were being made as early as the early 2nd century (see p. 119). The earliest example at the Agora (1576) comes from a layer sealed in by the building fill of the Stoa of Attalos and must date before the middle of the 2nd century; three more uninventoried fragments come from the fill of the stoa itself. The popularity of the product in the second half of the 2nd century through the early 1st century after Christ is illustrated by its appearance in some quantity in Groups D, F, and G at Athens, in Delos in deposits ranging from the mid-2nd to the early 1st century,and in Corinth, Knossos, and Pergamon in contexts of the late 1st century B.C. and the early 1stcentury after Christ.66More than half of the inventoried Agora examples, which total about twenty,come from deposits laid down after ca. 50, suggesting that the popularity of the shape in Athens was greater in the later 1st century and thereafter.67 Only cups from pre-Sullandeposits are included in the Catalogue;because of the great uniformity of the shape, a few examples suffice. A wheelmade cup (1583) and two moldmade bowls68are made of a similar fabric. It is very hard, dense, and highly fired, with a clean break, again like the fabric ofKnidian lamps, but often with a thin band of orange towardthe surface,although the surfaceitself is gray. The glaze is thin, black, and slightly shiny. Similar moldmade bowls have been reported on the island of Samos.69 Also highly fired, and with crisp profiles, are 1584 and 1611, but the fabric of these pieces is quite different. Interestingly,though, a parallel for the shape of 1584 occurs in Knidian Gray Ware at Benghazi.70 p. 55, fig. 7. Samos: SamosIV, nos. 240-241, p. 111, Beilage8, pl. 55. Lesbos: Archontidou-Argyri 1990, pl. 63. Pergamon:AvP XI, i, no. 380, p. 158, pl. 66. Didyma: Wintermeyer 1980, no. 49, p. 132, pl. 55. Miletos: Pfrommer 1985, no. 31, p. 56, fig. 31 on p. 68. Paphos: PaphosIII, p. 12; no. 39, p. 134, fig. XLVII; nos. 30, 31, p. 182, fig. LXII; no. 27, p. 201, fig. LXVIII. Ashdod: AshdodII-III, fig. 87:15. Oboda: Negev 1986, nos. 28, 29, p. 8. For imitations of the shape in other fabrics see p. 119 (ImitationKnidian Cup). 62 Bass 1975, pp. 33-34, under D, marked as 1 on map on p. 35, and located 1 km. southeast of Knidos; the cups are illustratedin figs. 6 and 7. 63 BenghaziIII, i, 58. ForKnidian p. lamps see AgoraIV,Types 40 A, 50A, pp. 126-127, 170-171. The nomenclature "Koan"is used by Hayes (1971, p. 258) because of the large number he has observed in the museum on Kos (personal communication);"Koan/Knidian" is used by Wright (1980, p. 158) without furtherexplanation. 64 Lapp (1961, pp. 82-83) was puzzled by this lack of change and suggested that examples in early Roman contexts at the Agora were Hellenistic intrusions;subsequentfinds on many sites, however,confirm the longevity and immutabilityof the shape. See BenghaziIII, i, p. 61. 65 Tarsus I, p. 72 under no. 81, fig. 122:A. 66 1577 and P 603 (H. A. Thompson 1934, D 17, D 18, p. 372, fig. 58); P 11846, P 8904, P 11847, P 11505, P 9867 F 29-F 32, G 52, G 53, pp. 13-14, 28, pls. 1, 66); Dilos XXVII, D 174, D 175, p. 256, fig. 130, pl. 47; (AgoraV, no. 8, p. 256, fig. 9, no. 24, p. 265, fig. 15 (Knossos, the latter possibly an imitation); for Corinth, Hayes 1971, and other Pergamon, examples from Delos, see note 61 above. 67 Wright (1980, p. 171) also reports that the cups are common in early Roman deposits at Corinth but rare in materialpredating the refoundationof Corinth in 44 B.c.; this, however,could simply be due to increased population after the refoundation. 68 P 19759 and P 23610+P 20047 (Agora XXII, nos. 393, 401, pp. 90-91, pls. 67, 68, 88, 89). 69 Illustratedin slides by K. Tsakos in a presentationof material from a well on Samos (Rhodes, 1989). 70 BenghaziIII, i, Form B84, p. 62, fig. 10.

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OTHERGRAYWARE(1580-1634) Only a few other pieces have distinctivefabrics. Two beakerswith gouged decoration (1586, 1587) are made of a soft fabric with little mica and many dark inclusions as well as some lime particles. Two small fragmentsof differentware but identical to 1586 in decoration, and probably shape, have parallelsthat suggest an eastern origin for this group. One (P 19857) is of a very hard, gray fabric akin to that of Knidian lamps. The other (1549) has a pink fabric with a highly polished cream slip, similarto lagynos ware. Gouged decoration also appears on 1585 and 1588, both, however, of different,more micaceous fabric. Many of the gray-warevessels from the Agora are made of fine, well-washed ware with only very small inclusions. Although they probably come from a number of sources, it is difficult to draw convincing distinctions. On many pieces the fabric is friable,flakingaway at the surfaceand giving a very uneven break, but others break cleanly. Small, dark inclusions are often visible under high magnification, and lime particlesare sometimes discernible. The glaze is often flaking badly and is normally mottled from black to gray to olive. Common Munsell readings are 2.5Y N3/, N4/, 10YR 3/1, 4/1, 2, 5/2. The most characteristic shapes are plates with upturned rims (1603-1605, and possibly 1612) and kraters(1597, 1598, 1624-1626, 1631, and perhaps 1599, 1600, 1627, 1628), but drinkingcups (1582, 1623), plates with offset rims (1601, 1602), fish-plates (1607), jugs andjuglets (1592-1596), bowls (1608, 1610, 1614, 1615, and perhaps 1609), a filter jug (1629), a lid (1622), a pyxis(?)(1620), a plastic vase (1630), and applique fragments (1632, 1633) are also represented. Various techniques were used in the production and decoration of these vessels. Stamping and rouletted decoration, usually bounded by incised lines, is regular on the floors of plates and platters (1603, 1604). Stamping is also commonly used on bodies (1592, 1627) and rims (1593, 1598-1600, 1614, 1615, 1622, 1629); an overhanging rim with an impressed ovolo is particularlycharacteristic. Severalvesselswere produced in hemisphericalmolds (1623-1627, 1629), and one fragment of a plastic vase is preserved (1630). Applique appears occasionally, most notably on the well-known kraterfrom Group E (1631). A number of features suggest links to the east, and it is likely that much of this material originated somewhere along the coast of Asia Minor or on the neighboring islands. Gray-ware fish-platessimilar to 1607 have been found on Chios, Samos, and Delos, as well as at Gordion.71 Rotelle handles, which appear on 1593, are a feature of a distinct class of earlier pitchers from Larisa.72 Shapes and details are also sometimes paralleled in other eastern wares. Two cups (1582, 1615) and four kraters (1597-1600) have analogues in Eastern Sigillata A, and the appliques on 1631 recall those of Pergamene sigillata(althoughit is not likely to have been made in Pergamon73). Northwest Asia Minor had a long tradition of gray pottery.74 Production of Hellenistic gray wares is also attested further south, for instance in the regions of Ephesos and Knidos, where large numbers of gray lamps have been found.75 It is likely,then, that the majority of the gray-warevessels at the Agora came from sites in the area of Ionia and Aiolia. Another group of pots, less homogeneous than the ones described above, have a much harder, shiny black or nearly black glaze. That of 1606, 1618, and 1621 is particularlyfine, but 1580, 1589-1591, 1613, 1619, and 1634 are also firmly glazed. Some of these too have eastern links: the grasshopper motif of 1634 appears on a Pergamene mosaic and on Pergamene applique 71

E.g.DdlosXXVII, D 54, p. 248, pl. 43; SamosXIV,p. 121, fig. 200A, Z133:B;Anderson1954, nos. 151, 199,

pp. 148, 150, fig. 17 (Chios);PhrygieIII, p. 134, pl. 27:e. 72 Larisa III, p. 126, pl. 48:5, 7. 73 PF VII, pp. 51-52. 74 Lamb 1932, pp. 1-12; LarisaIII, pp. 99-128. 75 AgoraIV, Types 40 A, 49 A, 50 A, pp. 126-127, 166-J 71.

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ware;76 the lagynos (1590) is an eastern shape; and the barbotine decoration of 1589, covered

with a firm but rather gritty glaze, links it to pieces found at Antioch and Paphos.77 Gray wares also have a long history in Italy and Sicily. The relativelysmall sample of Italian imports among other wares suggests that little if any of the Agora gray ware originated in the west, though the distinction of eastern and western wares is not an easy matter. I have seen close parallelsfor the aryballos 1617 and the parabolic cup 1582 in southern Italian museums, and the possibility of a western origin for these should be entertained, despite eastern parallels for the shape of the latter. Single pots of varying fabrics that do not fit into any of the groups outlined above are 1581, a kantharos with a thin, dull black glaze; 1616, a small lekythos covered with a gritty, black glaze; and 1628, the shoulder of a large, heavy, closed pot of a design well outside the norms of Hellenistic pottery. Occasional examples of gray ware occur in the Agora from the Archaic period onward,78 but significant numbers of imports do not appear until the late Hellenistic period. 3rd- and earlier 2nd-centurydeposits have produced a scatterof finds (see 1580, 1583, 1607); it is striking, though, that only a handful of fragmentsof gray ware were found in the large building deposits of the Stoa ofAttalos and the South Stoa, both constructedclose to the middle of the 2nd century. In later contexts the numbers increase dramatically;90 percent of the gray ware found in closed deposits comes from contexts dating after ca. 150. There are fragments of five gray-warevessels in Group D and eight in Group E, and most Ist-centurydeposits have at least three or four pieces, sometimes many more. The same pattern has been noted for gray-warelamps and the increased import of these wares plausibly linked with Rome's organization of the province of Asia after 133 and with Athenian control of the port of Delos, through which these wares may have been imported.79 A surprisingproportion of the gray-ware fragments comes from a fairly limited area in the southwest part of the excavations. Eight pieces were found in and above the remains of the Poros Building, in grid square D 17 (1586, 1587, 1615, 1626, 1627, 1630, 1633, P 19857). Seven more come from the broader area C-F 12-17 (1592, 1599, 1600, 1606, 1625, 1628, P 6039); Group E (F 15:2), which produced a total of twenty pieces of gray ware, is also located in this region of the excavations. Eight additional pieces have been inventoried from deposits E 15:3, E 15:4, E 14:3, and D 12:2 (1573, 1574, 1585, 1590, 1593, 1608, P 6874 bis, P 6874 ter), and close to forty small fragmentshave been recorded from context pottery in those and nearby deposits. Fourmore vesselscome from the same general area (1595, 1598, 1618, 1622), although their precise proveniences are not recorded. Thus well over half of the fragments of gray ware come from this region, a statistic that seems too high to be explained as coincidence. Possibly a merchant dealing in these wares was located there in the late Hellenistic period. 76

AvPV, i, p. 64, pls. XXXVI, XXXVII; Bruneau 1991, no. 56 (110), p. 633. Cf. AntiochIV, i, p. 42, fig. 23:7, 8; PaphosIII, no. 11, pp. 61-62. AgoraXII, nos. 1475-1477, 1701-1714, 1729, pp. 339, 355-356, 358, pls. 62, 79, 80. 79 AgoraIV, p. 166. 77 78

PARTIV CATALOGUE

CATALOGUE ORGANIZATION OF CATALOGUE ENTRIES Inventory number Catalogue numbers in boldface are followed by Agora inventory numbers, which consist of an uppercase letter and a number. The uppercase letter indicates the general class of objects to which the piece was thought to belong at the time it was inventoried. Since the identity of the object was not always apparent to the person who inventoried it, pottery has sometimes received letters other than P (= pottery). Letters that appear in this catalogue are L = lamp MC = miscellaneous clay object P = pottery SS = stamp or seal (used for both stamps and clay objects with stamped impressions) T = terracotta figurine or mold Nonjoining fragments of incomplete vases have usually been assigned lowercase letters. At times fragments that seemed to belong together when they were first inventoried were later discovered to come from two or more different vessels. In such a case, there are separate catalogue entries: for example, for P 10900 a (1504) and P 10900 b (1521). Occasionally the same registrationerror was dealt with by using bis. Sometimes objects found and inventoried separately, and thus having different inventory numbers, were later found to join or belong to the same pot. When these fragments physically join, their numbers are linked with a plus sign (+). Bibliography Reference to previous publication follows the inventory number; items are listed in chronological order. Context The provenience of the piece follows on the next line. This is most often a closed deposit, located within the twenty-meterexcavationgrid by letters and numbers. Forthe system of nomenclature, dates, and other details about the deposits, see the Deposit Summaries. Occasionally a layer,location, or other division within a deposit is indicated by a number following the deposit (e.g.J 5:1, V). See the Plan preceding the Figuresin Volume 2. For pieces not found in closed deposits, the provenience is located on the twenty-meter grid and preceded by the word "Area"(e.g. Area B 20). If the pottery with which the piece was found was saved, the pottery-lot storage numberfollows:a Greek letter indicating the excavation section followed by a number (e.g. r 102). (Fora plan of the Agora showing these excavation sections, see AgoraXXVI, pl. 35.) An indication of the date of the material in the lot follows. Often the piece in question was either intrusive or residual in a lot of much earlier or later date. In these cases the pottery itself was not examined, and the date comes from notes in the pottery notebook, where lots were described at the end of each excavation season. If, however, other evidence for

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the dating of the piece is lacking (commonly the case for imported pieces), and the date of the lot appeared from the excavation records to be relevant, the pottery was examined to provide a more precise estimate of context date. Even when the pottery with which an object was found has been discarded, the excavator's notes sometimes record its date. The correctness of this date depends on the expertise and care of the excavatorand can no longer be checked, but it has been repeated here for the record, along with the notation "(no lot)" to indicate that the pottery itself is not available for reference. If no information at all follows the area indication, this means that the pottery was discarded and that the notebooks provide no information about the date of the pottery. Dimensions and measurements Dimensions are given in centimetersunless otherwise indicated. The following abbreviations are used: H. = height to rim (i.e., not including handles that arch above the rim). In cases where height varies significantlydue to warping or sagging, a range is given. P.H. = preserved height. If a sherd can be positioned properly (i.e., resting on actual resting surface or with rim horizontal), this measurement is the preserved height of the piece when so positioned. For floating wall fragments that cannot be positioned accurately,P.H. refers to the height of the sherd. Diam. = diameter at largest point. Est. Diam. = estimated diameter at largest point. Diam./H. = Ratio of diameter to height. Th. = thickness. Max. p. dim. = maximum preserveddimension. W. = width.

L. = length. Rest. = restored. cu.cm. = cubic centimeters. gr. = grams. Description Shape:Shape is described from bottom to top. Features that occur on all examples, such as high-swung handles on cup-kantharoior ring feet on plates with rolled rims, are usually not included in the Catalogue description. The vessel is normally divided into the following parts, though the use of these terms in any single case depends on the form of the vase: foot; body (lower and upper);shoulder; neck; rim; handles. For details of the terminology used in the descriptions, see pp. 16-17 above. Decoration: Unless otherwise indicated, stamped decoration is on the floor of the vessel in Molded decoration is describedaccording to the same conventions used in AgoraXXII: question. from bottom to top and left to right, except for elements of the rim pattern, which are described from top to bottom. Painted decoration is describedfrom top to bottom. The two sides of a pot, if different, are termed "A"and "B". Paint is orange when not otherwise specified. Fabricand Glaze:Fabric is not described for Attic pieces unless it is unusual in some way, or unless the piece is unglazed. (Fora general account of Attic fabric and glaze see pp. 10-11 above.) It is described for all imports or suspectedimports. Color is describedby reference to the Munsell Soil Color Charts (Baltimore 1975). Fabrics were examined with a hand lens; inclusions are described in terms of size and color, but, in the absence of specialized geological expertise, no

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attempt has been made to identify the minerals in question. Since we are dealing with fine wares, most of the inclusions are very small; I have used the following general designations: Small: under half a millimeter in diameter. Large: over a millimeter. No designation:between half a millimeter and a millimeter. Fabrics containing sparklinginclusions have been called "micaceous"as a matter of convenience; it is rarely possible, however, to be sure whether the inclusions are actually fragments of mica or of some other shiny mineral, such as quartz. A rough indication of hardness is given by the following scale: Soft: scratched easily by fingernail. Fairlyhard: fingernail makes very slight mark,with effort. Hard: cannot be scratched by fingernail. The conventional term "glaze" has been retained for black and red wares, despite the fact that the glossy slip in question is not, properly speaking, a glaze. Its color, degree of shine, and preservation are mentioned for both Attic and imported pieces. The term "slip"is used for the duller surface application on light-ground wares. Munsell designations are sometimes given for imports, but I have found it difficultto match glaze color, especially with black glazes. Comparanda Similar pieces at the Agora are usually listed first, with bibliography if they have been published. Published comparanda from elsewhere follow, first those from Attica, then others. In general, only very closely similarpieces are cited. Dates Very often the dates that I have assigned are not the same as those published for the comparanda or even the same as dates earlier proposed for the same pieces. This is because ongoing research has altered the ceramic chronology of the Hellenistic period considerably. Some vessels are more closely datable than others, either because they are carefully made and their profiles, proportions, or decoration developed in a clear way or because they belong to a well-representedclass. A Classical kantharos,for example, may be placed within a twentyfive-year period with some confidence, while a votive cup cannot. Depending on the type of evidence offered by the shape in question, it has been useful to use the following designations of date: 325-300: an estimate that the pot was made some time within the span 325-300. This does not mean that the shape necessarilylasted that whole time. It is rather a way of estimating date, equivalent to writing 312?12. Note that sometimes a pot from a deposit whose terminal date is thought to be 315 may receive the date 325-300. This means that the shape is thought to have been produced until the end of the century, even though this specific example must date before 315. In other words, the shape is not, by itself, indicative of a pre-315 date. This situation is particularlycommon with less well made vessels. Context of 325-300: context is the only clue to date. 325-300? Uncertainty about date, either because the pot is unusualfor its context or because there are only slight indications of its date. 325-300(?): may have been made later than 300. 325(?)-300: may have been made earlier than 325. All dates are approximate:the reader should always mentally add a "ca.".

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AlI"IC POTTERY DRINKINGCUPS CLASSICAL KANTHAROS AND RELATED SHAPES

KANTAROS CLASSICAL PLAIN RIM

BlackGlazed 1 (P 4442) Fig. 4, PI. 1 AgoraXII, no. 710, p. 286, pl. 29; Rotroff 1984b, no. 11, p. 353, pl. 67:f. F 11:2, upper fill H. 9.1; est. Diam. of body 8.7; Diam./H. ca. 0.96. Part of handle and half of wall and foot restored. Reserved, grooved resting surface; concave underside. No stem. Handles have horizontal, tapering spurs. Lustrous black-to-redglaze, stackingline. Similar,from same deposit: P 4443. Ca. 325 2 (P 28016) Fig. 4, P1. 1 Stella G. Miller 1974, no. 3, p. 229, pl. 30. F 16:8 H. 9.1; Diam. of body 9.0; Diam./H. 0.99. Chips of wall and part of one handle missing. Glazed, grooved resting surface; concave underside with nipple. Low, thick, cylindrical stem. Slightly rising spurs, truncated and slightly tapering. Dull red glaze. Shape and spurs as P 28708, which is smaller (J 5:1, V). Cf. also 36, with thinner stem. Ca. 325 3 (P 6935) P1. 1 AgoraXII, no. 712, p. 287, pl. 29. D-E 8-9:1 H. 9.5; Diam. of body 8.9; Diam./H. 0.90. Chips missing. Scraped groove in resting surface;concave underside. Low, concave stem. Slightly pointed lower body. Horizontal spurs, tapering and truncated. Dull black glaze, red below stacking circle and on lower inside. Shape of body as P 6680 and P 6949 (D-E 8-9:1), which have flaring spurs, and P 26961 (H 14:2). 325-300 4 (P 4468) P1. 1 McCredie 1966, p. 56, under no. 1. F 11:2, upper fill H. 9.5; Diam. of body 8.3; Diam./H. 0.87. Tip of one handle, half of foot, and part of upper and lower wall restored. Flat resting surface; conical underside; no groove between moldings of heavy foot. Low stem. Horizontal spurs with parallel sides, rounded ends. Shiny black glaze. Also with heavy foot: P 17695 (B 19:1). 325-300

5 (P 2876) P1. 1 H. A. Thompson 1934, A 28, p. 319, fig. 5; AgoraXII, no. 713, p. 287, pl. 29; Armstrong and Camp 1977, p. 151, note 4. G 13:4, lower fill (Group A) H. 10.1; Diam. of body 9.3; Diam./H. 0.92. Small parts of wall restored. Glazed groove in resting surface; conical underside; no groove between moldings of foot. Very low stem. Horizontal spurs with parallel sides and rounded ends. Slightly lustrous glaze, black above stacking circle, red below and on lower interior. 325-300 6 (P28711) Fig. 4, Pl. 1 Rotroff 1990a, p. 176, pl. 24:1, upper left. J5:1,V H. 10.7; Diam. of body 10.0; Diam./H. 0.93. Intact. Scraped groove in resting surface; concave underside with nipple. Low, concave stem. Ribbed body. Rising, very slightly flaring spurs with very square ends. Slightly lustrous,mottled black-to-redglaze, red inside. Similar:P 29085. Foranotherplain-rimmedblackkantharoswith ribbedbody, cf. P 3783 (AgoraXII, no. 711, p. 287, pl. 29 [F 12:3, lower fill]). 325-300 7 (P 28706) Fig. 4, PI. 1 J5:1,V H. 9.6; Diam. of body 8.8; Diam./H. 0.92. Chip of rim missing. Scrapedgroovein restingsurface;concaveunderside. Lower body pointed. Slightlyrisingand flaringspurs. Dull to lustrous glaze, red inside and underneath, mostly gray below stacking line outside; miltos. Similar,from the same deposit: P 29172. Cf. Schlorb-Vierneisel 1966, no. 148:2, pp. 86-87, pl. 57:4. 325-300 8 (P 22038) Fig. 4, PI. 1 AgoraXII, no. 714, p. 287, pl. 29; Rotroff 1984b, no. 12, p. 353, pl. 67:f. F 11:2, lower and upper fills H. 9.7; est. Diam. of body 9.0; Diam./H. ca. 0.93. One handle, most of upper body, and part of lower body restored. Glazed groove in resting surface, the inner edge of which is scraped; concave underside with nipple. Low, concave stem. Slightly rising, slightly flaring spurs. Glaze black above stackingline, brown below and inside; miltos. Cf. Braun 1970, no. 5, p. 133, pl. 54:1. 325-300

CLASSICAL KANTHAROS AND RELATED SHAPES 9 (P 15409) Fig. 4, PI. 1 H 17:1 H. 7.7; Diam. of body 7.0; Diam./H. 0.91. One handle, most of upper body, and part of lower body and foot restored. Glazed groove in resting surface; concave underside; no groove between moldings of foot. Low stem with glazed groove at top. Slightly rising, flaring spurs with sharply squared ends. Shiny to metallic black glaze, stacking line. Cf. Schlorb-Vierneisel 1966, no. 155:1, p. 89, pl. 58:2. 325-300 10 (P 7713) Fig. 4, PI. 1 E 3:1 H. 9.5; Diam. of body 7.9; Diam./H. 0.83. One handle and pieces of wall missing. Glazed groove in restingsurface, outerpart ofresting surface scraped; concave underside; no groove between moldings of foot. Low, concave stem. Sharply rising spurs with parallel sides. Shiny black to dull brown glaze. Compactness of shape and thick walls reminiscent of 4. Ca. 310-300? 11 (P 13452) Fig. 4, P1. 1 O 20:3, H. 10.6; Diam. of body 9.4; Diam./H. 0.87. Rim chipped, outer part of resting surface worn. Very carefully finished foot. Scraped groove in resting surface; concave underside. Cylindrical stem. Glazed groove at base of body. Slightly rising spurs with slight taper. Fabric mottled to gray; glaze shiny brown below, dull black and peeling above, black inside; miltos. Cf. Braun 1970, no. 6, p. 134, pl. 54:1. 310-300 12 (P 19350) Fig. 4, PI. 2 Rotroff 1984b, no. 8, p. 352, pl. 67:e. D 16:1, lower fill H. 10.3; Diam. of body 8.8; Diam./H. 0.85. One spur and pieces of rim and upper body restored. Reserved resting surface with no groove; conical underside. Tapering stem. Upper body tapering. Rim not thickened. Rising spurswith nearly parallel sides. Fabricmottled to gray; peeling black glaze, brown below stacking circle and inside. Similar: P 19702 (P 10:1). Note combination of late feature (taperingupper body and stem) and earlier feature (shape of spur). 300-290 13 (P 27968) Fig. 4, PI. 2 Shear 1969, p. 392, pl. 103:h; Stella G. Miller 1974, no. 4, p. 229, pl. 30. F 16:8 H. 10.6; Diam. of body 8.3; Diam./H. 0.78. Part of one handle and small areas of rim restored. Scraped groove in resting surface; deeply concave underside. Tapering stem. Sharply rising spurs with pronounced flare. Lustrousblack to dull brown and red glaze. Cf. Braun 1970, no. 7, p. 134, pl. 54:2. 290-275 14 (P 28015) Fig. 4, Pl. 2 F 16:8 H. 11.5; est. Diam. of body 8.8; est. Diam./H. 0.77. One handle and half of upper body missing.

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Scrapedgroove in restingsurface; concave underside. High, irregularlytaperingstem. Horizontalspurswith irregularflare. Dull black glaze. Similar:P 27991 and P 29286 (F 16:8). 290-275 15 (P 25679) Fig. 4, P1.2 A 17:3 H. 11.3; Diam. of body 8.7; Diam./H. 0.77. One-fourth of upper wall missing. Scraped groove in resting surface; concave underside. Tapering stem. Scraped groove atjunction of body and stem and below handle attachment. Lip very thin, as in cup-kantharos. Rising, flaring spurs. Shiny black glaze; miltos. Also with groove on body: 32, 71, 84, P 28014 and P 29310 (F 16:8). Similar shape: 26. 290-275 16 (P 27992) Fig. 4, PI. 2 Stella G. Miller 1974, no. 5, p. 229, pl. 30. F 16:8 H. 11.6; Diam. of body 8.5; Diam./H. 0.73. One handle restored. Scrapedgroove in restingsurface; concave underside. High, slightly concave stem. Tapering upper body. Rising, flaring spurs. Lustrousblack glaze. Illegible graffitounder foot. P 28017, from same deposit, is similar in shape, with same graffito. Also similar:P 18456 (Young 1951b, no. 13:2, p. 129, pl. 54:a [C 17:2]), P 20859 (D 17:3). Ca. 275 17 (P1819) Fig. 4, P. 2 H. A. Thompson 1934, A 29, p. 319, fig. 5. G 13:4, lower fill (Group A) H. 11.3; Diam. of body 8.3; Diam./H. 0.73. Part of body and rim restored;one piece of rim missing. Glazed groove in resting surface, inner edge of resting surface scraped;concave underside. High, tapering stem. Rising, flaring spurs. Lustrousblack glaze, dull red and badly peeled on one side. For comparanda see 16. Ca. 275 18 (P 18570) P1.2 no. 1951b, 7:4, 122, 52:a; XII, Agora Young p. pl. p. 122, note 66. B 19:6 H. 9.6; Diam. of body 7.1; Diam./H. 0.74. Part of rim, one handle, and part of upper body restored. Scraped groove in resting surface; concave underside with nipple. High, tapering stem. Rising, flaring spurs. Lustrous black glaze with red patches. Ca. 275 19 (P4412) P1.2 F 12:3, upper fill H. 12.0; Diam. of body 8.1; Diam./H. 0.68. One handle and parts of body restored. Resting surface slightly concave, beveled to inside; conical underside. Rising, flaring spurs. Shiny black glaze with greenish patches. Similar: P 4702 (G 12:6), P 20859 (D 17:3), P 28017 and P 29285 (F 16:8). Cf. Braun 1970, no. 113, p. 144, pl. 59:1. Ca. 275

244

CATALOGUE

20 (P 7197) P1.2 D 11:2 H. 12.9; Diam. of body 9.8; Diam./H. 0.76. One handle and small part of rim restored. Scraped groove in resting surface;conical underside. Very thin, high, cylindrical stem. Tapering upper body. Rising, flaring spurs. Metallic black glaze, peeling. Like 17 but larger. Cf. Braun 1994, no. 6:1, pp. 29-30, pls. 5:a, 8:P. Ca. 275 or slightly later 21 (P4411) Fig. 4, Pl. 2 F 12:3, upper fill H. 13.9; Diam. of body 9.8; Diam./H. 0.71. One handle and part of body restored. Scraped groove in resting surface; irregularlyconical underside. High, cylindrical stem. Tapering upper body. Rising, flaring spur. Lustrous black glaze with stacking line, red on lower interior. Similar:P 4702 and P 4703 (G 12:6),P 6284 (E 14:1, lower fill). Ca. 275 or slightly later 22 (P 30946) Fig. 5, PI. 2 R 13:9 H. 14.5; Diam. of body 9.9; Diam./H. 0.68. Most of rim, one handle, end of spur,and part of upper wall missing. Scraped groove on inner side of beveled resting surface; conical underside with nipple. High, tapering stem. Slightly tapering upper body. Shiny blackglaze, red inside and on foot. Similar,from same deposit: P 30947. Ca. 275 or slightly later 23 (P 16152) Fig. 5, P. 3 K-L 18-20:1, west branch Rest. H. 12.2; Diam. of body 8.3; Diam./H. ca. 0.73. Most of upper body and one handle restored; tip of spur of other handle missing. Scrapedgroove in restingsurface;concaveunderside. High, cylindrical stem. Pointed lower body, tapering upper body. Sharply rising spur. Lustrousblack glaze. Similar: P 5927 (E 14:1, lower fill). 275-260 24 (P 4397) Fig. 5, P1.3 F 12:3, middle fill H. 13.4; Diam. of body 9.4; Diam./H. 0.70. One handle, over half of upper body, and part of lower body and foot restored. Scraped groove in resting surface; concave underside with nipple. High, slightly tapering stem. Cylindrical upper body. Rising, flaring spur. Shiny black glaze. Similar but smaller:P 18456 (Young195lb, no. 13:2,p. 129, pl. 54:a [C 17:2]). Cf. Braun 1970, no. 78, p. 139, pl. 56:4; Adriani 1952b, grave 20, no. 1, p. 147, pl. LV:3,with coin of Ptolemy II. 275-260 25 (P 15142) Fig. 5, PI. 3 K-L 18-20:1, west branch H. 12.7; Diam. of body 9.8; Diam./H. 0.77. Handles and part of upper body restored;spurs improperly restored.

Flat resting surface; conical underside; no groove between moldings of foot. Heavy, cylindricalstem. Pointed lower body, tapering upper body. Fabric mottled to gray; lustrous black glaze, peeling above stacking line on one side. 275-260? Painted 26 (P 7359) Fig. 5, PI. 3 E 3:1 H. 13.4; Diam. of body 10.2; Diam./H. 0.76. Part of one handle and small areas of rim restored. Scraped groove in resting surface; concave underside with nipple. High, cylindrical stem. Ribbed lower body. Slightly rising,flaringspurs. Opposing olive garland,leaves alternating with stems carrying three berries. No paint remains; berries have left bright red ghost. Originally probably orange leaves and stems, white berries, with main stem overpainted white. Dull black glaze, red on foot and stem, brown inside. Shape as 15. For decoration cf. 33. 285-275? 27 (P 27183) Fig. 5, P1.3 Rotroff 1988b, p. 516, fig. 5. E 29:4 H. 15.6; Diam. of body 11.4; Diam./H. 0.73. One handle, over half of rim, and parts of wall restored. Scraped groove in resting surface; concave underside with nipple. Graceful, concave stem. Ribbed lower body. Tall upper body. Rising, flaring spurs. Spiral waves running right, with two pairs of antithetical dolphins leaping above. Area under spirals of waves filled in with white. Shiny black glaze with metallic patches. Dolphins similar to those of Ptolemy Group (cf. 314 and 333) but probably not by same hand. Cf. also the decoration of 171. 285-275 28 (P 26218) Fig. 5, P1.3 L 17:5 H. 13.4; Diam. of body 9.8; Diam./H. 0.73. One handle, half of upper body, and part of lower body restored. Scraped groove in resting surface;conical underside. Concave stem. Ribbed lower body. Remarkablytall upper body. Rising, flaringspurs. Opposing ivy garland. Stem overpainted with white wavy line. Shiny black glaze. Cf. Braun 1970, no. 100, p. 142, pl. 58:1. 285-275 29 (P 27971) Fig. 5, P. 3 Shear 1969, p. 392, pl. 103:f; Stella G. Miller 1974, no. 7, p. 229, pls. 30, 48. F 16:8 H. 11.6; Diam. of body 8.5; Diam./H. 0.73. Part of one handle and parts of body restored. Scraped groove in resting surface; concave underside with nipple. High, tapering stem. Ribbed lower body. Cylindrical upper body. Rising, flaring spurs. Opposing olive garland;no white. Shiny black glaze below, dull and peeling above; miltos. Cf. 46; Braun 1970, no. 100, p. 142, pl. 58:1. 285-275 30 (P 18571) Fig. 5, PI. 3 Young 1951b, no. 7:5, pp. 122-123, pl. 52:a; Kopcke 1964, no. 289, p. 52; AgoraXII, p. 122, note 66.

CLASSICAL KANTHAROS AND RELATED SHAPES B 19:6 H. 9.5; Diam. of body 6.8; Diam./H. 0.71. Tip of one spur, parts of handles, and small areas of wall restored. Scraped groove in resting surface; concave underside. Tapering stem. Ribbed lower body. Cylindrical upper body. Slightly rising, flaring spurs. Opposing olive garland. Fabric mottled to gray; shiny black-to-redglaze. Cf. 46; Braun 1970, no. 100, p. 142, pl. 58:1; Braun 1994, no. 4:3, p. 29, pls. 5:3, 9:y. 285-275 31 (P6311) Fig 5, PI. 3 E 14:1, lower fill H. 10.7; Diam. of body 8.4; Diam./H. 0.79. One handle, vertical part of the other, and part of upper wall restored. Scraped groove in restingsurface;concave underside. Thin, tapering stem. Ribbed lower body. Very tapering upper body. Rising, flaring spurs. Ivy garland running right, with main wavy stem white. Lustrousblack glaze; miltos. Cf. Kopcke 1964, no. 269, p. 50, pl. 44:5; Alt-AginaII, i, no. 500, p. 71, fig. 57, pl. 39. 285-275 32 (P4410) Fig. 6, PI. 3 F 12:3, upper fill H. 9.9; Diam. of body 7.1; Diam./H. 0.72. Half of upper body and parts of handles and lower body restored. Scrapedgroove in restingsurface;concaveunderside. Small, delicate foot with high, thin stem. Pointed lower body with scrapedgroovebelow handle attachment. Rising, flaringspurs. One pair of antithetical leaping dolphins (possibly originally another dolphin to right)with white dot rosettesbetween them, above row of alternating hoops and small sprouts on double groundline with row of dots between. White dots within hoops. Shiny black glaze. For scraped groove on body, cf. 15, 71, 84; 71 is very close in size, shape, and decoration and is probably by the same potter and painter. For closely similar hoop pattern see 84, 133, and 407. Cf. Braun 1970, no. 106, p. 143, pl. 58:2. 285-275 33 (P7714) Fig. 6, P. 3 E3:l H. 11.4; Diam. of body 8.0; Diam./H. 0.70. Most of upper body restored;handles missing, rim chipped. Scraped groove in resting surface; concave underside with nipple. High, cylindrical stem. Scraped groove at junction of stem and body. Pointed lower body. On side A is preserved opposing olive garland, with leaves alternatingwith stems with single berry, ribbon hanging down at end. Original color missing; probably orange leaves and stems, white berries. Lustrousblack glaze, greenish below stackingline. For decoration cf. 26. 290-275 34 (P 3994) P1.4 Rotroff 1983, no. 27, p. 286, pl. 53. H 6:9, south chamber, lower fill H. 19.8; Diam. of body 14.5; Diam./H. 0.72. Half of upper body restored;handles missing, foot chipped. Resting surface very worn.

245

Scraped groove in resting surface; concave underside with nipple. Thick cylindrical stem. Lower body ribbed. Cylindrical upper body. Glazed groove below rim. Wreaths flanking central branch. White dots on branch, stems of wreaths overpaintedwhite. Lustrousblack-to-brownglaze. Largestkantharosin the collection. For decoration cf. 35. Ca. 275? 35 (P 11284) P. 4 B 13:8, lower fill PH. 11.8; rest. Diam. of body 9.8. Large parts of body restored;foot and handles missing. Thin stem. Ribbed lower body. Wreathflankedby bunches of three hanging fillets, with small, three-lobed leaf between them. Traces of white overpainting on stem of wreath, two white fillets hanging down in center of wreath. Shiny black glaze. For decoration cf. 34. Ca. 275? MOLDED RIM

BlackGlazed 36 (P 27966) Fig. 6, PI. 4 Shear 1969, p. 392, pl. 103:a; Stella G. Miller 1974, no. 1, p. 229, pl. 30. F 16:8 H. 10.6; Diam. of body 10.3; Diam./H. 0.97. Part of wall and rim restored;one spur missing. Resting surface reserved, with groove; concave underside with nipple. Very rounded lower body. Horizontal, tapering spurs. Shiny black glaze, greenish below stacking line, red stackingcircle on floor. Cf. 2, with slightly thinner stem. 335-325 37 (P 29104) Fig. 6, P. 4 J 5:1, V and VI H. 11.4; Diam. of body 10.5; Diam./H. 0.92. Partsof wall restored. Resting surface worn. Scraped groove in resting surface; concave underside with nipple. Low stem. Horizontal, tapering spurs. Shiny black glaze, greenish and peeling on one side above stacking line; miltos. Cf. P 28058 (Stella G. Miller 1974, no. 2, p. 229, pl. 30 [F 16:8]). 325-300 38 (P 22039) Fig. 6, P1.4 Rotroff 1984b, no. 13, p. 353, pl. 67:e. F 11:2, lower and upper fill H. 12.4; Diam. of body 11.8; Diam./H. 0.95. Over half of body and rim, tip of one spur, and half of foot restored. Outer edge of resting surface worn. Scraped groove in resting surface; concave underside. Ribbed body. Slightly flaring, rising spurs. Lustrous black glaze; miltos. Similar:45, P 27328 (smaller),P 101 (Rotroff 1983, no. 26, p. 286, fig. 2 on p. 265, pl. 53 [H 6:9, south chamber, lower fill]), P 3778 (AgoraXII, no. 704, p. 286, pl. 29 [F 12:3, lower fill]). 325-300 39 (P 27192) E 29:1, lower fill

Fig. 6, P1.4

246

CATALOGUE

H. 10.4; Diam. of body 9.8; Diam./H. 0.94. One spur missing; rim chipped. Scraped groove in resting surface;concave underside. Low stem. Rising, slightly flaring spurs. Lustrous black glaze, brown below stacking line; miltos. Similar: P 27771 (H 16:7). Perhaps slightly earlier than P 2552 (AgoraXII, no. 703, p. 286, pl. 29 [F 16:1, lower fill]). 325-300 40 (P 27967) P1.4 Shear 1969, p. 392, pl. 103:b. F 16:8 H. 10.9; Diam. of body 9.6; Diam./H. 0.88. Parts of rim and body and end of one spur restored. Scraped groove in resting surface; concave underside with nipple. Lower body pointed. Horizontal, tapering spurs ( possibly from an old mold). Lustrousblack glaze. 310-300? 41 (P29105) P1.4 J5:1,V H. 11.2; Diam. of body 10.0; Diam./H. 0.89. Part of one handle, small areas of rim, and parts of body restored. Scraped groove in resting surface; concave underside with nipple. Low, tapering stem. Rounded lower body. Rising, very slightly flaring spurs. Black glaze, red below stackingline. Ca. 300 42 (P 28709) Fig. 6, P1.5 J5:1,V H. 9.7; Diam. of body 8.5; Diam./H. 0.88. Rim chipped. Scraped groove in resting surface; concave underside with nipple. Tapering stem. Slightly rising, slightly flaring spurs. Dull black glaze below, peeling red above stackingline; miltos. Ca. 300 43 (P 28710) Fig. 6, P1.5 Rotroff 1990, p. 176, pl. 24:1, top row, second from right. J5:1, V H. 8.0; Diam. of body 7.1; Diam./H. 0.89. Rim and spurs chipped. Scrapedgroove in restingsurface;concaveunderside. Cylindrical stem. Pointed lower body. Rising, flaring spurs. Shiny black glaze; miltos. Nearly identical to P 28789, from same level of well. Ca. 300 44 (P 29106) Fig. 6, P1.5 J 5:1, III H. 11.3; Diam. of body 9.1. Small parts of rim and wall restored. Very broad glazed groove in resting surface; conical underside; foot very angular, with no scraped groove between moldings. Deep lower body; low, slightly tapering upper body with concave wall. Steeply rising, flaring spurs. Metallic black glaze. For cup-kantharoi of similar shape cf. CVA,Mannheim 1 [Germany 13], pl. 36 [622]:1 and Langlotz 1932, no. 729, p. 132, pl. 223. Possibly a hybrid between the Classical kantharosand the Hellenistic kantharoswith molded rim. 275-250

Painted 45 (P 3993) PI. 5 Kopcke 1964, no. 270, p. 50; Rotroff 1983, no. 25, p. 286, pl. 53. H 6:9, south chamber,lower fill H. 13.8; Diam. of body 11.9; Diam./H. 0.86. Part of one handle and small areas of wall restored. Scraped groove in resting surface; concave underside with nipple. Ribbed lower body with glazed groove at base of ribbing. Rising spurs, one with parallel sides, one with flaring sides. Opposing olive garland. Lustrousblackglaze, red under foot; miltos. Similar:P 101 (Rotroff 1983, no. 26, p. 286, fig. 2 on p. 265, pl. 53 [fromsame context]), P 3778 (AgoraXII, no. 704, p. 286, figs. 1, 7, pl. 29 [F 12:3, lower fill]), 38. Cf. Sciatbi,no. 165, p. 64, pl. LIII:103. Ca. 300? 46 (P7764) Ill. 1, Fig. 6, P. 5 E 3:1 H. 11.5; Diam. of body 8.5; Diam./H. 0.74. Parts of one handle and body restored; tip of one spur chipped. Beveled, grooved resting surface, with inner edge scraped; concave underside. Concave stem. Ribbed lower body. Tall upper body. Rising, flaring spurs. A: charm necklace with narrowband with loops above and double ties at end. Among charms are crescent and double axe. Charms alternate with double chains. Paint mostly missing but probablyrow of white dots along top of band and white dots accenting charms. B: spearhead necklace with narrow band, all orange. Dull black glaze, peeled on one side above stackingline. Cf. 29, 30 for shape. Forsame decoration on relatedshapes see 73. 290-270 47 (P 4069) Fig. 6, PI. 5 H. A. Thompson 1934, B 36, p. 342, fig. 22. H 16:3, north chamber (Group B) PH. 4.8, est. Diam. of rim 14.0. One-fourth of rim and stump of handle preserved. Low, concave upper body. Flaring rim with pronounced flange outside. Probably spur handles, with rising spurs. Ivy garland running right on neck, with vertical line at end on one side. Garland of olive leaves without stem around handle, continuing inside rim. Stripes on top of spur. Dull blackglaze. 275-250 HandleMolds 48 (P 15062) P1.5 N 21:4, upper fill H. 7.1; max. W. 3.9. Intact. Mold for handle with tapering, truncated spur with very straight sides. Exterior of mold pared. Micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/6). Other material associated with pottery manufacture appeared in N 21:4. Shape of spur as on 3. 325-300 49 (T477) H-K 12-14 PH. 8.3; max. W. 5.5; max. p. dim. 10.4. Edges chipped, bottom missing.

P1.5

CLASSICAL KANTHAROS AND RELATED SHAPES Mold for handle with tapering spur. Exterior pared. Graffito on top: BIOAI. Micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/4). 325-300 50 (P 22865) PI. 5 H-K 12-14 P.H. 9.3; max. W. 4.6; max. p. dim. 10.0. Bottom missing, sides and exterior chipped. Mold for large handle with spur with parallel sides. Micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/6). Shape of spur close to 6 and P 3778 (AgoraXII, no. 704, p. 286, pl. 29 [F 12:3, lower fill]). 325-300 51 (P25988) PI. 5 F 17:3, middle fill H. 8.6; max. W. 3.5. Intact. Mold for handle with short, flaring spur. Exterior pared, then smoothed. Micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/6). Shape of spur as 20 and P 18456 (Young 1951b, no. 13:2, p. 129, pl. 54:a [C 17:2]). 290-260 CUP-KANTHAROS PLAIN RIM

BlackGlazed 52 (P 13529) Fig. 7, PI. 6 D. B. Thompson 1954, no. 10, p. 74, pl. 24:j; Kopcke 1964, p. 78; AgoraXII, no. 676, p. 284, fig. 7, pl. 28. 0 18:2 H. 8.7; Diam. of body 8.3; Diam./H. 0.95. Part of upper body and top of one handle restored. Lightlygrooved, reservedrestingsurface;concaveunderside with nipple. Junction of moldings of foot reserved. Low, tapering stem. Top of handles horizontal. On floor, four palmettes poorly stamped within rouletting. Fabricmottled to gray; lustrous black glaze, dull below stackingcircle. Resting surface as on 127. Perhaps slightly later than AeXr 25, 1970, B' 1 [1972], p. 38, pl. 47:e, at left. Ca. 325 53 (P 29175) Fig. 7, P1.6 Rotroff 1990a, p. 176, pl. 24:1, top right. J5:1,V H. 9.3; Diam. of body 8.3; Diam./H. 0.89. All of one handle and top of the other missing;rim chipped. Reserved stripe on flat resting surface and at junction of moldings; concave underside. No stem. Lustrousblack glaze with some metallic patches. Similar: P 20077 (D 16:8). Cf. 80. 325-315 54 (P 17694) Fig. 7, P1.6 B 19:1 H. 10.4; Diam. of body 8.8; Diam./H. 0.85. Most of handles and parts of rim and foot restored. Beveled, ungroovedrestingsurface,partlyreserved;concave underside. Rounded lower body. Handles rise well above rim. Dull black glaze outside, red inside, with black ring around rim.

Similar: P 363. Similar but larger: P 29176 (J 5:1, V). Lower body and foot like those ofkantharos P 19702 (P 10:1). 315-300

247

55 (P 26018) Fig 7, PI. 6 F 17:3, middle fill H. 13.5; Diam. of body 10.8; Diam./H. 0.81. One handle and part of the other missing; rim chipped. Scraped groove in resting surface;concave underside. Low, concave stem. Rounded lower body. Handles rise well above rim and slope down sharply. Dull black glaze, gray below stackingline. GraffitoE under foot. Very similar to 54 but larger. Other large examples from same deposit are similar except for treatment of foot: 56, 57, P 26016. Anothersimilar,fragmentarypiece comes fromlower fill of F 12:3 (P 22023). 315-300 56 (P 26017) Fig. 7, PI. 6 F 17:3, middle fill H. 11.9; Diam. of body 9.9; Diam./H. 0.83. Top of one handle restored;rim and foot chipped. Flat resting surface, with part of inner and outer edge scraped; concave underside with nipple; no scraped groove between moldings of foot. Rounded lower body. Handles rise slightly above rim, slant gently down to level of rim. Lustrous black glaze; miltos. Like 55, 57, and P 26016 from same deposit, except for treatment of foot. 61, 62, P 6934 and P 6950 (D-E 89:1), and P 2404 share similar treatment of foot, though body proportionsare slightly slimmer. 315-300 57 (P 26015) Fig. 7, P1.6 F 17:3, middle fill H. 12.8; Diam. of body 10.5; Diam./H. 0.82. Half of one handle missing;otherwise intact. Flat resting surface, reserved;concave underside. Rounded lower body. Handles rise far above rim, slope down sharply to level of rim. Shiny black glaze, mottled inside and on one side, brown to red below stacking line and under foot; miltos. Graffitoon underside:N. Like55 and 56 except for restingsurface,which is paralleled on P 26016 (fromsame deposit) and P 27329. 315-300 58 (P 10683) Fig. 7, P1.6 AgoraXII, no. 677, p. 284, pl. 28. P 10:1 H. 10.2; Diam. of body 8.0; Diam./H. 0.78. Tops of handles and parts of wall restored. Resting surface grooved, with surface on either side of groove scraped; concave underside. Low, concave stem. Rounded lower body, very tall upper body. Lustrous black glaze; miltos. Ca. 300 59 (P4418) Fig. 7, P. 6 F 11:2, lower fill H. 10.9; Diam. of body 7.9. One-fourth of rim and small areas of body restored;handles missing.

Resting surface ungrooved, reserved; conical underside. Concave stem. Rounded lower body. Dull to shiny black glaze, peeling; miltos? Cf. 83. Ca. 300 60 (P8197) B 12:5

pi. 6

248

CATALOGUE

H. 12.4; Diam. of body 9.3; Diam./H. 0.75. All of one handle and top of the other, two-thirdsof upper body, and one-third of lower body restored. Scraped groove in resting surface;concave underside. Low, concave stem. Rounded lower body. Handles rise above rim. Metallic black glaze. 62 has very similar proportions but higher stem. Ca. 300 61 (P572) P1.6 H. A. Thompson 1934, B 46, p. 344, fig. 26; AgoraXII, p. 284, under no. 677. H 16:3, north tunnel (Group B) H. 13.1; Diam. of body 10.3; Diam./H. 0.79. Handles missing; rim and foot chipped. Inner half of resting surface scraped; concave underside. Low, concave stem. Rounded lower body. Shiny black glaze; miltos. Shape and treatment of foot similar on 62, P 6950, P 6934 (all from D-E 8-9:1), 56, P 2404. Ca. 300? 62 (P 6929) PI. 6 D-E 8-9:1 H. 12.9; Diam. of body 9.9; Diam./H. 0.77. Tops of handles, one-sixthofrim, and partsof body restored. Inner half of resting surface scraped; concave underside with slight nipple. Concave stem. Rounded lower body. Shiny black glaze; miltos. Similar shape and treatment of resting surface: see 61. Proportionsvery close to those of 60. Ca. 300 63 (P 7357) PI. 7 E 3:1 H. 11.7; Diam. of body 8.6; Diam./H. 0.77. Tops of handles restored. Inner half of resting surface scraped; concave underside. Fairlyhigh, tapering stem. Rounded lower body. Handles rise above rim and slope down gently. Glaze black below, brown above and inside; stacking line. Similar,from same context: P 7762. 300-275 64 (P 27972) P1.7 Shear 1969, p. 392, pl. 103:e. F 16:8 H. 13.1; Diam. of body 9.0; Diam./H. 0.69. Part of one handle and small area of rim restored. Scraped groove in resting surface; underside conical with nipple. High, concave stem. Rounded lower body, offset at base. Handles not sharply canted. Shiny brown glaze below and inside, dull greenish above stacking line. Graffito under foot: K. Similar,from same context: P 29765, P 29287, P 28048. For offset at base of body cf. 68 and bowl-kantharoiwith outturned rims (134-136, 138). 300-275 65 (P 13451) Pl. 7 O 20:3, II H. 17.0; Diam. 11.1; Diam./H. 0.65. Half of one handle missing; rim chipped. Scraped groove in resting surface; concave underside. Angular foot. Concave stem. Rounded lower body. Very tall

upper body. Handles rise well above rim, slope down sharply to level of rim. Lustrousblack glaze below and inside, greenish above stacking line. Unusually large example. Very tall upper body is unusual, but form of stem and lower body similar to 64. 300-275 66 (P 738) Fig. 7, PI. 7 H. A. Thompson 1934, B 18, pp. 337-338; AgoraXII, p. 120, note 47. H 16:3, north chamber (Group B) H. 12.9; Diam. 8.6; Diam./H. 0.67. Handles and small pieces of wall missing; foot chipped. Scraped groove in resting surface;conical underside. High, cylindricalstem. Pointedlowerbody. Dull blackglaze, peeling, with stackingline. Similar:P 27874. Ca. 275 67 (P 28042) Fig. 7, PI. 7 Stella G. Miller 1974, no. 8, p. 230, pl. 30. F 16:8 H. 11.5; Diam. of body 7.4; Diam./H. 0.64. Part of one handle restored;chips missing. Glazed groove in resting surface; concave underside; no scrapedgroove between moldings offoot. High, thin, cylindrical stem. Pointed lower body. Handles rise above rim, curving down to level of rim. Shiny black glaze, mottled to brown above and inside. Proportionsvery similar to those of 68 and 77. Ca. 275

68 (P 740)

PI.7

H. A. Thompson 1934, B 17, pp. 337-338, fig. 18;AgoraXII, p. 120, note 47. H 16:3, north chamber (Group B) H. 12.0; Diam. of body 7.5; Diam./H. 0.63. All of one handle and top of the other, half of rim, and some of upper body restored;foot chipped. Scraped groove in resting surface;conical underside. High, cylindrical stem. Pointed lower body, offset at base. Handles rise above rim and curve down to level of rim. Shiny black glaze; miltos. Similar:P 4398 (F 12:3, middle fill). Proportionsclose to those of 67 and 77. Foroffset at base of body cf. 64, 134-136, 138. 275-260

69 (P 20886)

P1.7

D 17:3 H. 11.6; rest. Diam. of body 7.4; Diam./H. ca. 0.64. One handle and parts of body restored. Scraped groove in resting surface;conical underside. High, very thin stem. Pointed lower body. Shiny blackglaze, mottled to brown on one side, stacking line. 275-260 Painted 70 (P 28335) Fig. 7, P1.7 Stella G. Miller 1974, no. 10, p. 230, pls. 30, 48. F 16:8 H. 10.0; Diam. of body 7.6; Diam./H. 0.76. Small areasof rim and upper body restored;most of handles missing. Holes in handle stubs from ancient repair.

CLASSICAL KANTHAROS AND RELATED SHAPES Scraped groove in resting surface; concave underside with nipple. Low, concave stem. Rounded lower body with scrapedgroove abovejunction with stem. Widely flaringupper body. Opposing myrtle garland, leaves alternating with stems with single berries. Inscription above garland. A: 'Ayae?0O. B: TUXv)g.Orange paint, with traces of gilding Fabricmottled to gray. Shiny black glaze, thin above; bright miltos. Ca. 300 71 (P 22238) Fig. 7, P1.7 AgoraXXVII, no. 150, p. 187, ill. 38, pl. 43. Q 10:1 P.H. 8.2; Diam. of body 7.0. Handles, foot, stem, and three-quarters of upper body missing. Thin stem. Pointed lower body with scraped groove below handle attachment. Two antitheticaldolphinspreserved(probably originally four), leaping over pattern of alternating hoops and trefoil sprouts on thin ground line, with groups of three dots below hoops. All preservedpaint is orange, but dots were probably originally white. Dull black glaze; miltos. Shape very close to 32, with similar decoration; possibly by same potter. Cf. also 84. Forothers with scraped groove below handles, see 15 and a cup-kantharosfrom a tomb on Nisyros, which is Attic or a close imitation (Philimonos-Tsopotou1994, p. 129, figs. 1, 3). 290-275 72 (P 7358) Fig. 8, P1.7 E 3:1 H. 13.7; Diam. of body 9.0; Diam./H. 0.66. Half of rim restored;handles missing. Broad, flat resting surface,with scraped groove; conical underside with nipple; top of upper foot molding concave. Tapering stem. Scraped groove at junction of stem and body. Lower body rounded, upper body tall, with flaring rim. Opposing myrtle garland, with one spray branching off at left, single No white paint. ribbons at ends. Above, on one side: cp[X]Eao;. black Shiny glaze. Probably by same potter: 75-78, 85, 138 (workshop of Dikeras and Edwards Groups). Cf. also Watzinger 1924, G 2, p. 68, pl. 50 (profile drawing in Rotroff 1991, no. 24, p. 71, fig. 5), with very similar foot and possibly also by same potter. 300-275 73 (P 28049) Ill. 1, Fig. 8, P1.7 Stella G. Miller 1974, no. 9, p. 230, pls. 30, 48. F 16:8 H. 11.5; Diam. of body 7.7; Diam./H. 0.67. One handle, top of the other, and small part of rim restored. Scraped groove in resting surface;conical underside. High, thin stem. Pointed lower body. A: spearhead necklace with thin band and single ties at ends, inscription 'A<poS above. B: charm necklace with thin band, inscription i?rt above. No trace of white paint. Shiny black glaze. For same decoration on this and closely related shapes, cf. 46, 86, 106, 109, 120, and P 220 (Rotroff1983, no. 24, p. 286, fig. 11, pl. 52 [H 6:9, south chamber, lower fill]). 109, 120, and 312 are closely similar,possibly from one hand. Ca. 275 74 (P 26000) Fig. 8, P1.8 Rotroff 1984a, p. 175, fig. 1; Rotroff 1991, no. 16, p. 70, pl. 18.

249

F 17:3, middle fill H. 14.2; Diam. of body 9.4; Diam./H. 0.66. Verticalof one handle and top of the other, half of rim, and part of upper body restored. Scraped groove in resting surface; conical underside with nipple. High, cylindrical stem. Ribbed lower body. Handles angle down sharply to level of rim. Opposing ivy garlandwith thick stem formed by spiral line, single ribbons at end. Ivy leaves on stems alternate with (originally white) dot rosettes. Shiny black glaze below stacking line and inside, red and peeling above. EdwardsGroup. Same decoration: 460, 630, 1152, P 31801 (Rotroff 1991, no. 20, p. 71, pl. 18 [E 3:1]). For shape cf. Watzinger 1924, G 2, p. 68, pl. 50 and Romiopoulou 1967, no. 466, pl. 102, fig. 9:P (same potter?). 275-260 75 (P 5833) Fig. 8, P1.8 Rotroff 1984a, p. 175, fig. 2; Rotroff 1991, no. 26, p. 74, fig. 6, pl. 20. E 14:1, lower fill H. 12.8; Diam. of body 7.85; Diam./H. 0.61. Part of one handle and one-third of rim restored. Scraped groove in resting surface; conical underside with pronounced nipple. Tall, thin stem. Very pointed lower body. Very sharply angled handles. Two pairs of antithetical dolphins leaping over waves consisting of spiralsrunning right over two lines with row of dots between them. Area below spiralsfilled with white. Shiny black glaze. Dikeras Group. Very similar dolphins appear on the following, probably all by the same hand: 76, 85, 138, 461. Probablyby same potter: 72, 76-78, 85, 138. Perhaps also 162, 167. For further comparisonssee Rotroff 1991, pp. 72-80. 275-260 76 (P 27703) Fig. 8, PI. 8 Rotroff 1984a, p. 175, fig. 2; Rotroff 1991, no. 27, p. 74, fig. 6, pl. 20. Area N 16, 3rd-centurycontext (no lot) H. 11.2; Diam. of body 6.7; Diam./H. 0.60. Handles missing, rim and body chipped. Wide, flat resting surface, with scraped groove; conical underside with pronounced nipple. Pointed lower body, ribbed. Decoration as 75, with yptioa;above on one side. Shiny black glaze. Dikeras Group. For pieces by same hand and same potter see 75. 275-260 77 (P5811) Fig. 8, P1.8 Shear 1936, p. 38, fig. 38; Forti 1965, p. 30, pl. V:d; AgoraXII, p. 120, note 47; Rotroff 1984a, p. 175, fig. 2; Rotroff 1991, no. 30, p. 76, fig. 6, pl. 21. E 14:1, lower fill H. 16.3; Diam. of body 10.6; Diam./H. 0.64. Partsof lower body and part of one handle restored. Scraped groove in resting surface; conical underside with pronounced nipple. High, concave stem. Pointed lower body, offset from stem. Sharply canted handles. Double cornucopia flanked by bunches of grapes and torches. Three sprouts emerge from top of cornucopia, a frond hangs from either side. Body of cornucopia filled in white, obscuring orange line

250

CATALOGUE

that divides it in two. Bunches of grapes formed by a rectangle, triangle, and single line of dots, with three tendrils and single leaf at top. White dots on bodies of torches, flames at top, two white fillets hanging down on either side. cptXcx;above on one side. Shiny black glaze. Dikeras Group. For pieces by same hand and same potter see 75. Shape also closely similar to 69, proportions close to those of 67 and 68. For same composition on similar shapes, but less carefully done, cf. CVA,Providence 1 [USA 2], pl. 27 [81]:5 and CVA,Mannheim 1 [Germany 13], pl. 36 [622]:1. For same composition on other shapes see 410, 411, 413, 421, and 1308. 275-260 P1.8 78 (P 5934) E 14:1, lower fill Rest. H. 11.2; p.H. 9.8; Diam. of body 7.1. Foot, one handle and top of the other, three-fourthsof rim, one-thirdofupper body, and smallpartsoflower body restored. High stem. Pointed lower body, ribbed. Two pairs of antithetical dolphins, with white dot rosettes between them, leaping over waves formed by white wavy line over diagonal strokes, over two lines with row of white dots between them. Shiny black glaze, brown below and inside rim, patch of interior unglazed. Probably from workshop of Dikeras and EdwardsGroups. For pieces probably by same potter see 75. 275-260 MOLDED RIM

BlackGlazed 79 (P 12703) P1.8 O 18:2 H. 8.4; Diam. of body 8.4; Diam./H. 1.00. Half of one handle missing Plain resting surface with outer edge scraped or worn; concave underside; no groove between moldings of foot. Top of handle nearly horizontal. Rouletting on floor. Shiny black glaze with red patches outside above stackingline. P 12690 (AgoraXII, no. 661, p. 283, fig. 7, pl. 28), with taller upper body, comes from same deposit. Cf. BCH 102, 1978, p. 646, fig. 20; slightly advanced over XIII, no. 504, V, no. 513, p. 186, pl. 149 and Olynthus Olynthus p. 286, pls. 183, 187. 350-335 80 (P232) PI. 8 G 17:2 H. 9.1; Diam. of body 8.3; Diam./H. 0.91. All of one handle, most of the other, and chips of wall and rim missing. Flat resting surface, reserved; concave underside;junction of moldings of foot reserved. Shiny black glaze; miltos. Cf. 53. 335-315 81 (P 324) Fig. 8, P1.8 AgoraXII, no. 662, p. 283, pl. 28. Area G 17 H. 10.2; Diam. of body 8.7; Diam./H. 0.85. One handle and most of the other missing; rim and foot chipped.

Flat restingsurface,reserved;concave underside. Dull black glaze mottled to red; miltos. 315-300 82 (P 28214) Fig. 8, PI. 8 F 16:1, lower fill H. 10.0; Diam. of body 8.0; Diam./H. 0.80. Handles missing, part of rim chipped away. Flat resting surface, reserved; concave underside; groove between moldings reserved. Hollow rim. Shiny black glaze; miltos. 325-300 83 (P 27782) Fig. 8, PI. 8 H 16:7 H. 10.0; Diam. of body 7.1; Diam./H. 0.71. Handles missing, rim and foot chipped. Resting surface inwardly beveled, inner side scraped; concave underside. High molded rim. Dull red glaze, peeling, black on foot and underside. Cf. 59. Ca. 300 Painted 84 (P 18572) P1.9 Young 1951b, no. 7:6, p. 123, pl. 52:a; Pfrommer 1987, KP 26, p. 188. B 19:6 PH. 7.0; rest. H. 8.5; Diam. of body 5.6. Foot and handles restored. Scrapedgroovebelow handle attachments. Delicate molded rim. Three dolphins (antithetical pair at right, one leaping right at left) over pattern of alternating hoops and trefoil sproutson ground line, with row of dots below. No trace of white. Shiny blackglaze, inside unglazed with traces ofpinkish tan slip. Possiblyfrom workshopof Dikeras and Edwards Groups. Cf. 32 and 71 for shape and decoration, 407 for decoration. For others with scraped groove on body see 15. Other cups with unglazed interior: 138, 145, 186, 233, 312, 313, P 158. For shape cf. Romiopoulou 1967, no. 447, p. 102, fig. 9:a and Kopcke 1964, no. 240, p. 48, pl. 40:1 (both with molded lower bodies). 290-280 85 (P 5719) Fig. 9, P1.9 ILV, October 19, 1935, p. 647, fig. 5; Shear 1936, p. 38, fig. 38; G. D. Weinberg 1961, p. 391, pl. 93:d; Forti 1965, p. 30, pl. V:c;AgoraXII, p. 119, note 41; Rotroff 1984a, p. 175, fig. 2; Pfrommer 1987, KP 21, p. 188; Rotroff 1991, no. 29, p. 74, fig. 6, pl. 21. E 14:3 or E 14:1, lower fill H. 16.8; Diam. of body 9.7; Diam./H. 0.58. All of one handle, half of the other, and small areas of rim restored. Scraped groove in resting surface; concave underside with pronounced nipple. Lower body ribbed. Broadflange, convex on top, projects below lip. Two pairs of antithetical leaping dolphins with single leaf in center of wall, over waves formed by interlockingdouble spirals on double ground line with row of dots between them. Area below spirals filled in with white. qptiatoabove dolphins on one side. Shiny brown glaze, red below; miltos. Dikeras Group.

CLASSICAL KANTHAROS AND RELATED SHAPES For pieces probably by same potter see 72. For decoration cf. 75, 76; for letters, cf. 77 (all perhaps by same hand). 275-260 RIM UNKNOWN

Ill. 1, Pl. 9 86 (P 19351) D 16:1, lower fill P.H. 8.1; est. Diam. of body 9.0. Half of lower body restored; handles and upper body missing. Scraped groove in concave resting surface; concave underside. Low, thick stem. Painted decoration on lower body. A: charm necklace with thin band with row of dots across top and single ties at ends. Charms include dolphin and crescent and alternate with double chains. Crescent charm filled in with white. B: spearhead necklace? Shiny black glaze below stackingline, dull greenish above. Similar foot and stem: 11. For similar decoration on this and related shapes, see 73. A very early instance of use of white, which otherwise is not attested before ca. 290. Ca. 300? P1.9 87 (P 27767) H 16:7 P.H. 10.0; max. p. Diam. 10.7. Handles, most of upper body, over half of lower body, and half of edge of foot missing. Scraped groove in resting surface; concave underside with slight nipple. Concave stem. Ribbed lower body. At bottom of upper wall, ['A]oxXeTio. Traces of garland above, probably olive leaves alternating with rows of dots; traces of ribbon at right. Shiny black glaze; miltos. 300-290 TALL STEM

88 (P 26842) Fig. 9, P1.9 D-E 8-9:1 P.H. 6.9; Diam. of body 8.7. Lower body and trace of upper body; lower part of one handle preserved. Verythin stem. Low,broadlowerbody, ribbed,with scraped groove and pronounced square molding at base. Shiny black glaze. Cf. CVA,Brussels 3 [Belgium 3], pl. 3 [138]:11. 300-275? 89 (P 739) Fig. 9, P1.9 H. A. Thompson 1934, B 20, p. 338, fig. 18; AgoraV, p. 48, under H 14; Pfrommer 1987, KP 25, p. 188. H 16:3, north chamber (Group B) P.H. 14.0; est. Diam. of body 9.7. Half of upper body and one-third of lower body restored; foot, stem, and handles missing. Ribbed lower body with scrapedgroove and squaremolding at base. Projecting,overhanging flange below rim. Grapevine with bunches of grapes below and (upside down) above stem, and single ribbons at ends. Upper bunches of grapes white. Shiny black glaze with metallic patches. Bracket Leaf Group. For similar decoration see 122, 408, 409, 1220, P 4065 (Rotroff 1991, no. 4, p. 69, pl. 14 [H 16:3]), and, from elsewhere, ibid.,nos. 5-7, 10-12, p. 69, pls. 15, 17. For shape cf. CVA,Brussels 3 [Belgium 3], pl. 3 [138]:22; AeXr 24, 1969, B' 2 [1970], p. 293, pl. 302:y. For the shape in silver see

251

Reinach 1892, no. 2, p. 90, pl. XXXVIII:2, well illustratedin Strong 1966, p. 96, pl. 26:A (from Kerch). 275-260 PI. 9 90 (P 14937) Area R 22, lot BB 140 (late Roman context with much earlier material) P.H. 5.3; est. Diam. at edge of flange 14.0. About one-sixth of circumference of rim, with flange and part of upper body; lip missing. Flange projectsnearlyhorizontally.On outer edge of flange, orangecrosses. On upperbody, tracesof fine garlandwith rows of dots as elaboration; above this, [At]9vUao[u]. Shiny black glaze. Possiblyfrom workshopof Dikeras and Edwards Groups. 275-260 91 (P 11441) Fig. 9, P1.9 E 5:2, lower fill P.H. 4.5; est. Diam. of rim 11.0. One-eighth of flange, one-tenth of rim, and trace of upper wall. Flange projects outward and upward. Orange crosses and white dots on outer edge. Traces of orange spirals on wall. Shiny black glaze. Possiblyfrom workshopof Dikeras and Edwards Groups. Cf. CVA,Brussels 3 [Belgium 3], pl. 3 [138]:22; AvP XI, i, no. 150, p. 123, pl. 43. 275-260 92 (P 26843) Fig. 9, P1.9 B 13:8, lower fill P.H. 2.4; Diam. 5.4. Foot and part of stem; bottom and edges chipped and worn. Profiled edge with three convex moldings, with delicate scraped grooves between them. Elaborate underside with (from center to edge) conical center with inner part reserved, reserved ridge, glazed concave band, and reserved resting surfacewith glazed groove. Shiny black glaze. Cf. CVA,Brussels3 [Belgium 3], pl. 3 [138]:7, 11. 300-260? 93 (P 26844) Fig. 9, PI. 9 A 17:3 P.H. 1.9; Diam. 6.0. Two-thirdsof foot and base of stem. Molded edge, with lower molding higher than upper one. Scraped groove between moldings. Underside, from center: conical center, scrapedgroove, flatarea, slightlybeveled resting surfacewith scraped groove. Lustrousblack glaze. 300-260? KANTHAROS: SPECIAL HANDLES KNOTTEDHANDLES

94 (P 29180) Fig. 9, PI. 10 J 5:1, V and VI H. 8.1; Diam. of body 8.1; Diam./H. 1.00. Half of rim and upper body and top of one handle missing. Scraped groove in resting surface;concave underside. Low, cylindrical stem. Rounded lower body. Handle joins rim without flange. Shiny black glaze with metallic patches above, brown below stackingline; miltos. Cf. Sciatbi,no. 175, p. 66, pl. LV:112. 325-315

252

CATALOGUE

95 (P4419) Fig. 9, PI. 10 AgoraXII, p. 287, under no. 717. F 11:2, lower fill H. 8.8; est. Diam. of body 8.0; Diam./H. ca. 0.91. Three-fourthsof rim and upper body, all of one handle, and half of the other restored. Resting surface reserved and lightly grooved; concave underside. Scraped groove at junction of stem and body. Low, thick stem. Dull greenish-to-redglaze, stacking circle. For treatment of resting surface see 101. 325-315 96 (P 29129) Fig. 9, P1. 10 Shear 1973, p. 133, note 37, pl. 28:j. J5:1,V H. 9.4; Diam. of body 8.8; Diam./H. 0.94. Chip of rim missing. Glazed groove in resting surface; concave underside with nipple. Low, thin stem. Rounded lower body, low upper body. Black glaze, shiny on one side, dull on the other. From same deposit and probably by same potter: P 29130. 315-300 97 (P 16151) AgoraXII, no. 716, p. 287, pl. 29. K-L 18-20:1, west branch PH. 5.7; est. Diam. of rim 8.0. One handle and part of upper and lower wall. Ribbed lower body. Metallic black glaze. 325-300

P1. 10

98 (P 29181) Fig. 9, P1. 10 Rotroff 1990a, p. 176, pl. 24:1, lower row, second from left. J5:1,V H. 10.0; Diam. of body 8.7; Diam./H. 0.87. Half of rim and upper body, pieces of lower body, most of one handle, and part of the other missing. Scraped groove in resting surface; concave underside. Scraped groove at junction of stem and body. Low concave stem. Scraped groove below lower handle attachment, with area above it ribbed. High upper body. Handle joins below rim. Very thin walls. Peeling, black glaze, stacking circle; miltos. For treatment of lower body see 116, 117, P 31100 and P 24303 (AgoraXXVII, nos. 92, 139, pp. 178, 185, ill. 34, pls. 40, 42 [O-R 7-10]); Adriani 1952a, p. 26, fig. 21:15 (from Hadra). Forshape of body and handles see Braun 1970, no. 8, p. 134, pl. 54:1. Ca. 300 99 (P 16732) Fig. 9, P1. 10 AgoraXII, no. 715, p. 287, pl. 29. B 22:3 P.H. 7.6; Diam. of body 7.8. Partsof wall restored;foot and stem missing. Thin stem. Scraped groove and round molding at junction of stem and body. Low, rounded lower body, high, straightwalled upper body. Thin walled. Lustrousblack glaze below, peeling above; miltos. Ca. 300 100 (P 19349) Fig. 9, P1. 10 AgoraXII, no. 717, p. 287, fig. 7, pl. 29; Rotroff 1984b, no. 7, p. 352, pl. 67. D 16:1, lower fill H. 11.8; Diam. of body 9.6; Diam./H. 0.81.

One-fourth of rim, large part of upper wall, and small parts of lower wall and of handles restored. Groove in resting surface probably not scraped; concave underside. High, cylindrical stem. Pointed lower body. High, tapering upper body. Shiny black glaze below stacking line, mottled brown above and inside. 300-280 ROTELLE HANDLES

101 (P 18542) Fig. 9, PI. 10 Young 1951b, no. 8:3, p. 124, pl. 52:b; AgoraXII, no. 719, p. 287, fig. 7, pl. 29. B 19:5 H. 9.1; Diam. of body 8.9; Diam./H. 0.98. Partof one rotelle and small areas of rim and body restored. Three-stepped foot, with three torus moldings; scraped grooves between moldings. Resting surface reserved and lightly grooved; concave underside with nipple. Rounded lower body, low upper body. Double handles with rotelle at arch split at top and run along rim. Shiny black glaze; miltos. Similar shape: 96, P 3783 (AgoraXII, no. 712, p. 287, pl. 29 [F 12:3, lower fill]), and P 29130 (J 5:1, V). Resting surface as 95. 325-300 STRAP HANDLES, TURNED FOOT

102 (P231) Fig. 10, PI. 10 AgoraXII, no. 720, p. 287, fig. 7, pi. 29. G 17:2 H. 8.4; Diam. of body 8.0; Diam./H. 0.95. One handle and part of foot and rim restored. Scraped groove in resting surface; concave underside with nipple. Ivy-leaf thumb rests. Squat proportions, with lower body higher than upper body. Ivy garland running right. Fabric mottled to gray; lustrous black glaze with brown patches; miltos. Ca. 325 103 (P29107) Fig. 10, P. 10 Shear 1973, p. 133, note 37, pl. 28:k. J5:1,V H. 9.5; Diam. of body 7.6; Diam./H. 0.80. Part of rim restored;chips missing. Scraped groove in resting surface; concave underside with nipple. Slightly pointed lower body, high upper body. Ivy-leaf thumb rests. Dull black glaze, red and peeling on one side of upper body. From lower level (VI) of same well: P 29108. 325-300 104 (P 29183) Fig. 10, P1. 10 J5:1,V H. 9.4; Diam. of body 7.5; Diam./H. 0.80. Handles and three-fourthsof rim missing. Scraped groove in resting surface; conical underside with nipple. Pointed lower body, thin proportions. Opposing olive garland. Shiny black glaze, red on one side; miltos. Cf. Schlorb-Vierneisel 1966, no. 152:1, p. 88, pl. 57:2; Sciatbi,no. 170, p. 65, pl. LIV:105. Ca. 300 105 (P 26735) AgoraXII, no. 721, p. 287, fig. 7, pl. 29. R 17:6, upper fill

Fig. 10, PI. 11

CLASSICAL KANTHAROS AND RELATED SHAPES H. 9.4; Diam. of body 7.1; Diam./H. 0.76. One thumb rest, one-fourth of rim, and small areas of body restored. Scraped groove in resting surface; conical underside with nipple. Slender proportions. Ivy-leaf thumb rest. Ivy garland running right. Lustrous black glaze, red below stacking circle and on lower inside. Ca. 300 106 (P 26947) Ill. 1, P1. 11 Area I 15, lot K 319 (early Hellenistic context) P.H. 9.0; Diam. of body 6.9. Rim, one handle, and large parts of lower wall missing. Scraped groove in resting surface; concave underside. Scraped groove at junction of foot and stem. Probably rotelle thumb rest, with spur as rest for middle finger below. A: charm necklace with thin band and single tie at ends. Charms include dolphin, double axe, and alternatewith double chains. B: spearhead necklace with thin band with row of dots across top. Paint applied very thickly. Black glaze, shiny on one side, dull on other, with stacking line. Similar: P 16414 (H 19:1). For handles see Kopcke 1964, no. 310, p. 53, pl. 44:6 (wronglylabeled no. 313); AeXT20, 1965, B' 1 [1967], p. 26, pl. 25:3, from Well B, south ofStoa of Eumenes (rotellesbut no spur). For similar decoration on this and relatedshapes, see 73 and others listed there. 300-290? 107 (P 11023) P1. 11 B 15:1, upper fill P.H. to rim 9.2; Diam. of body 8.2. One handle, most of rim, and one-fourth of upper body restored;foot and stem missing. Pointed lower body but fairly low upper body. Slave or old-man thumb rests. Ivy garland running right. Shiny black glaze, partly peeling, with stacking circle. Same mask type: 109 (from closely similar mold), 119, P 29182 (J 5:1, V). 300-290? 108 (P4465) Fig. 10, P. 11 F 11:2, upper fill PH. 10.2; rest. Diam. of body 8.9. Over half of rim and much of body restored;foot, stem, and handles missing. Pointed lower body, high upper body with widely flaring rim. Ivy garland running right. Lustrousblack glaze. 300-290 109 (P 7765) Ill. 1, Fig. 10, Pls. 11, 141 E 3:1 H. 12.3; Diam. of body 8.3; Diam./H. 0.67. Half of rim, part of upper body, and part of one handle restored. Scraped groove in resting surface;conical underside. Pointed lowerbody, high upper body. Old-man or slave-maskthumb rests. A: spearhead necklace with thin band with row of dots acrosstop, dots at tops of spearheads,and single ribbon at ends; inscription(pclac above. B: charm necklacewith band and ties as A. Charms include crescent and double axe and alternate with double chains. Shiny black glaze with red patches. Possibly by same hand: 120, 312, and perhaps also 73. Same mask type: 107, 119. 290-275

253

Pl. 11 110 (P6948) AgoraXII, p. 287, under no. 721. D-E 8-9:1 P.H. 8.9; Diam. of body 8.8. Lowerbody partlyrestored;handlesand most of upper body missing. Broad resting surface. Scraped groove at junction of stem and foot. Broad but pointed lower body. Opposing myrtle garland with single berries alternating with leaves. At ends, single ribbon with three dots at bottom. Lustrousblack glaze, stackingline. For ribbon with three dots see 106. 290-275 111 (P 10257) P1.11 B 13:8, lower fill P.H. 9.3; Diam. of body 6.5. Handles, foot, stem, and chips of rim missing. Thin stem. Very pointed lower body. Opposing olive garland. Dull greenish black glaze, stacking line. For shape see Pagenstecher 1913, p. 19, fig. 25. 275-265 112 (P581) Pl. 11 H. A. Thompson 1934, B 19, p. 338, fig. 18; Kopcke 1964, no. 314, p. 54. H 16:3, north chamber (Group B) PH. 11.1; Diam of body 8.1. Three-fourths of rim restored; foot, stem, and handles missing. Pointed lower body, high upper body. Ivy garland running right. Dull black glaze, badly peeled above stacking circle, shiny black inside. 275-265 MOLDFOR THUMBREST

113 (P 17087) Pl. 11 AgoraXII, p. 123, note 71. H-K 12-14 Diam. 2.9; Th. 1.2; H. of leaf 1.8. Intact. Roughly circular mold for heart-shaped leaf. Leaf carved in leather-hard clay; tool marks are visible. Back roughly rounded. Micaceous pink fabric (7.5YR 7/4). Could have been used for any of the many shapes with ivy-leaf thumb rests: Classical or Hellenistic kantharos,bowlkantharos,Corinthian skyphos. Ca.325-200. VARIANTS

114 (P 16134) Fig. 10, P1. 11 G 14:2, middle fill, at 14-15 m. H. 10.5; rest. Diam. of rim 9.8; Diam. of body 7.4. Two-thirdsof upper body,one-third of lower body,and most of other handle restored;one handle missing. Flaring foot with vertical edge markedwith scraped groove. Scraped groove in broad resting surface; concave underside with nipple. Low, concave stem separated from body by scraped groove and square molding. Ridge at point of greatest diameter, with glazed groove below, scraped groove above. Ring handle with three grooves. Shiny black glaze. Similar resting surface:72, 74, 109. For a similar shape but with horizontally ribbed body, see KabirionIII, no. 76, p. 129, pl. 47. Cf. also Kopcke 1964,

CATALOGUE

254

no. 299, p. 53, pl. 45:15 (wrongly captioned no. 302), with different foot and body but ring handles, and no. 302, p. 53, pl. 45:14 (wronglycaptioned no. 305), with ridged ring handle but differentbody shape. Early 3rd century? P1. 11 115 (P 22037) F 11:2, upper fill P.H. 6.0; rest. H. 6.8; est. Diam. of rim 8.7. Parts of upper body and one strap handle preserved;partly restored. Fragments have not all been restored in correct position relative to one another. Slender body flaring out to rim. One strap handle with ivy-leaf thumb rest; spacing of letters suggests that there may have been only one handle. Ivy garland running right, with letters above. I on one fragment, NT on another; probably [A]t[o]vut[oou].Black glaze. Late 4th-early 3rd century GROUP OF VATICAN

G 16

116 (P 22932) Fig. 10, Pl. 11 Area I 12, lot ME 173 (earlyHellenistic context?) P.H. 11.0; Diam. of body 9.7. Most of rim restored;foot, stem, and handles missing. Thin stem. Low, rounded lower body with scraped groove below handle attachment;shoulder above scraped groove vertically grooved under glaze. Tall upper body. Delicately molded rim. Stubs of strap handle preserved. Opposing olive garlandfromwhich hang white swagsand verticalrowsofwhite dots ending in irregularwhite dot rosettes. Fabric appears to be Attic (very fine, little mica, reddish brown [2.5YR 6/4]); shiny black glaze with metallic patches; dark miltos. For treatment of lower body see 98. For a similar shape in Malacena Ware, see Beazley 1947, pp. 231-233 and BolsenaIII, i, pp. 108-111. 290-270 117 (P 4400) P1. 11 F 12:3, middle fill P.H. 6.8; est. Diam. of body 9.0. Half of lower body and base of one handle preserved. Lower body as 116. Double handle. Attic fabric (micaceous, reddish yellow [5YR 7/6]); dull black glaze. 290-270 CALYX-CUP

118 (P 18539) Fig. 10, P1. 12 Young 1951b, no. 8:2, p. 124, pl. 52:b; Kopcke 1964, p. 81; AgoraXII, no. 692, p. 285, fig. 7, pl. 28. B 19:5 H. 6.8; Diam. of body 8.7, of rim 9.3; Diam./H. 1.28. Small fragmentsof rim missing. Concave underside. Contiguous ribs with scraped groove at top. Low upper body. Boss in center of floor. Shiny black glaze, mottled to brown on one side, stackingcircle; miltos. For scraped groove at top of ribbing, see Byvanck-Quarles van Ufford 1957, p. 62, fig. 1. 325-300 119 (P 27987) Fig. 10, Pls. 12, 141 Stella G. Miller 1974, no. 16, p. 231, pl. 31. F 16:8 H. 7.0; Diam. of body 8.1, of rim 10.0; Diam./H. 1.16. Small parts restored;large piece of lower body missing.

Concave underside. Contiguous ribs. Very flaring rim. Old-man or slave mask on floor. Ivy garland running right. Dull greenish glaze. Same mask type: 107, 109. Cf. Romiopoulou 1967, no. 463, p. 101, fig. 10:a. Forother similar masks in calyx-cups, see CVA,Rennes [France 29], pl. 27 [1310]:8, 9, p. 33 and Knigge 1974, p. 185, fig. 9. 300-290 120 (P 27988) Ill. 1, Fig. 10, Pls. 12, 141 Stella G. Miller 1974, no. 17, p. 231, pls. 31, 48. F 16:8 P.H. 7.3; Diam. of body 7.9. Rim and part of upper wall missing. Nippled underside. Contiguous ribs with double borders. On floor very small old-man or slave mask on rectangular plaque. A: spearhead necklace with thin band with row of dots across top, single ties at ends, dots at tops of spearheads; cpXi[as;]above. B: charm necklace with band as on A. Charms include crescent, double axe, leaf; they are accented with dots and alternate with double chains. Shiny black glaze; miltos. Probably by same hand: 109, 312, and perhaps also 73. Ribbing like that on 125. 290-275 121 (P902) Fig. 10, P1. 12 F 16:6 H. 10.0; Diam. of body 8.2, of rim 10.0. Half of rim and one-sixth of upper body restored; interior boss missing. Convex underside. Coarse ribs, not contiguous, with scraped groove at top. Mask or boss originally attached to wall near top of lower body, now missing. Ivy garland running right. Shiny black glaze, mottled to red on one side of upper body. Ca. 275? 122 (P 19355) Fig. 10, P1. 12 D 16:1, lower fill P.H. 7.8; rest. H. 8.9; Diam. of body 8.6; rest. Diam. of rim 9.6. Rim, most of upper body, and large parts of lower body restored;interior emblem (probablymask or head) missing. Nippled underside. Delicate ribs, not contiguous; scraped groove at top of ribbing. Grapevine running right. Shiny black glaze with red patch. BracketLeaf Group. Forpieces with similar decoration see 89. 280-275 123 (P 7770) Fig. 10, Pls. 12, 141 E 3:1 H. 9.3; Diam. of body 8.7, of rim 9.4. Half of upper body and parts of lower body restored. Flat bottom with scraped groove around edge. Glazed groove between delicate ribs, scraped groove at top of ribbing. On floor a beardless face with negroid features, thick hair, possibly horns. Two scraped grooves on upper body, with panels of very fine concentric rectangles and checkerboards. Alternate squaresof checkerboardshow traces of white; white dots at centers of rectangles. Peeling, dull black glaze, stacking circle. Ca. 270

CLASSICAL KANTHAROS AND RELATED SHAPES P1. 12 124 (P 17785) Area B 18-19, lot NN 609 (3rd-centurycontext), with coin of 284-270's (NN-121, AgoraXXVI, variety 53, cf. Svoronos, pl. 22:64-70). PH. 5.8; est. Diam. of rim 9.3. Most of rim and part of shoulder restored; lower body missing. Scraped groove on shoulder. Two scraped grooves on upper body. Within them, panels of concentric rectangles and checkerboards: two rectangles, checkerboard, rectangle, checkerboard, two rectangles, checkerboard. Alternate squaresof checkerboardare painted white, rectanglesof white dots at centers of rectangles. Below rim, inscription ]ON, probably [SJp]ov. Shiny black glaze; miltos. Ca. 270 Pls. 12, 141 125 (P 11272) B 13:8, upper fill PH. 3.1; H. of emblem 1.6; max. p. dim. 6.8. Part of lower body, to curve of shoulder. Nippled underside. Glazed groove between ribs. On floor: head of African with thick hair, delicate face, tiny chin. Shiny black glaze. Ribbing like that on 120. Other representationsof Africans: 1158, 1159, 1360, 1361. 300-275 Pls. 12, 141 126 (P 18477) AgoraXII, p. 285, under no. 695; Webster 1978, AV 18 a, p. 128. Area B-C 16-17 PH. 2.4; H. of emblem 1.7; max. p. dim. 6.3. Part of lower body. Nippled underside. Ribbed lower body. Comic-mask emblem (old man or slave)set on rectangularplaque. Mouth and wig pierced with end of lunate tool. Shiny black glaze with metallic patches; miltos. Cf. 122 for shape. 300-275 BOwL-KANTHAROS CLASSICAL TYPE

PlainRim 127 (P 22670) Fig. 11, Pl. 12 D. B. Thompson 1954, no. 9, p. 74, pl. 24; Kopcke 1964, p. 81; AgoraXII, no. 689, p. 285, pl. 28. O 18:2 H. 6.5; Diam of body 9.0, of rim 8.8; Diam./H. 1.35. One-fourth of rim and large areas of body restored. Resting surface lightly grooved and reserved; concave underside. Low, thick stem. Rouletting on floor. Lustrousblack glaze; miltos. Resting surface as on 52. Ca. 325 128 (P 2550) PI. 12 D. B. Thompson 1954, p. 89, no. 4 in note 6, pl. 20:d; Kopcke 1964, p. 81; AgoraXII, p. 285, under no. 689; Stella G. Miller 1974, p. 196, pl. 35. F 16:1, lower fill H. 7.6; Diam. of body 10.5, of rim 10.2; Diam./H. 1.19. Small parts of rim restored;handles missing. Resting surface grooved and reserved; concave underside. Low stem, thinner than 127. Thin, streakyred glaze.

255

Similar: P 14800, P 15864 (E 14:10), P 29188 (Rotroff 1990a, p. 176, pl. 24:1, lower row, second from right [J 5:1, V]). 325-315 PI. 12 129 (P 29190) J5:1,V H. 6.7; Diam. 8.7; Diam./H. 1.30. Handles and one-fourth of upper wall missing. Scraped groove in resting surface; concave underside with slight nipple. Scraped groove at junction of stem and body. Low stem. Dull black glaze; miltos. 315-300 130 (P 20141) Fig. 11, PI. 12 Young 1951b, no. 12:2, p. 128, pl. 53:c; Kopcke 1964, p. 81; AgoraXII, no. 690, p. 285, fig. 7, pl. 28. B 17:5 H. 7.9; Diam. of body 10.3, of rim 9.9; Diam./H. 1.25. One-third of rim and parts of wall restored. Groove in resting surface only partly scraped and outer edge of restingsurfacescraped;concave underside. Low stem. Shiny black glaze. 315-300 131 (P28035) Fig. 11, PI. 12 Stella G. Miller 1974, no. 12, p. 230, pl. 30; Shear 1969, p. 391, pl. 130:k. F 16:8 H. 7.5; Diam. 10.3; Diam./H. 1.37. Tops of handles restored. Broad resting surface with scraped groove; concave underside with nipple. Thin stem. Slightly elongated body. Gray fabric;shiny black glaze with brown stacking circle on floor. Ca. 300 132 (P3501) Fig. 11, PI. 12 Rotroff 1984b, no. 16, p. 353, p. 67. F 11:2, upper fill H. 8.6; Diam. 10.6; Diam./H. 1.23. Half of rim and much of upper wall restored;most of handles missing. Scrapedgroovein restingsurface;concaveunderside. Heavy foot, high stem. Slightly elongated body. Exterior pared. Shiny black glaze, peeling. Ca. 300 133 (P 28143) Fig. 11, P1. 12 Stella G. Miller 1974, no. 13, p. 230, pls. 30, 48. F 16:8 H. 8.8; est. Diam. 10.2. Three-fourthsof rim and half of body restored;one handle and most of the other missing. Scrapedgroove in restingsurface;concave underside. High, thin stem. Pointed body with groove or offset at base and scraped groove below handle attachment. Above scraped groove, one pair of antithetical leaping dolphins (originally two pairs)over alternatinghoops and trefoil sproutson double ground line with row of dots between. No trace of white (pace Stella G. Miller [1974, p. 230]). Shiny black glaze. For painted decoration on this shape, see Breccia 1930, pl. XXI, fig. 1 (Hadra necropolis). For closely similar hoop and sproutpattern, see 32, 84, 71 (all probablyfrom the same workshop),and 407. Forgroove at base of body see 134-136, 138; for scraped groove below handle attachment see 136. 300-285

256

CATALOGUE

Outturned Rim 134 (P 28334) Ill. 1, Fig. 11, Pl. 13 Stella G. Miller 1974, no. 14, p. 230, pls. 30, 48. F 16:8 H. 9.2; Diam. 11.0. Most of one handle, top of the other, and parts of wall restored. Broad resting surface with scraped groove; concave underside. High, thin stem. Elongated body. A: charm necklace with thin band with row of dots across top, single ties at ends. Charms alternate with double chains. B: spearhead necklace, band and ties as A. No trace of white (pace Stella G. Miller [1974, p. 230]). Shiny black glaze above, red below, red stacking circle on floor. 285-275 Ill. 1, Fig. 11, Pls. 13, 141 135 (P 7198) D 11:2 Rest. H. 13.3; est. Diam. 16.5. Two-thirdsof body restored, slightlyless than fullprofilepreserved;handles missing. Small hole drilled near rim, probably for ancient repair. Broad resting surface with scraped groove; concave underside. Remarkablylarge, with slightlyelongated body. Emblem at center of floor: Dionysos with white fillet across forehead, fruit in hair, edge of garment or necklace at base of neck. A: spearhead necklace with double band with dots between B: charm and dots at tops of pendants; ]E above ([pqtXat]q?). necklace, band as A, with double ties at end. Charms hang from double chains and alternatewith double chains. Crescent charm filled in with white. Shiny black glaze; miltos. 285-275 136 (P 5926) P1. 13 Rotroff 1991, no. 58, p. 82, pl. 30. E 14:1, lower fill PH. 6.7; Diam. 11.5. One-fourth of body restored; foot, stem, and handles missing. Thin stem. Elongated body with glazed groove at base and scraped groove below handle attachment. Two pairs of antitheticalleaping dolphins with white dot rosettesas spacers; below, double hoops alternatingwith leaves, on double ground line with dots between. White dots within hoops, white dot rosette above each hoop. Shiny blackglaze with stackingcircle. Shark Group. Probablyby the same hand are 315, P 26883 (Rotroff1991, no. 60, p. 82, pl. 30), and Braun 1994, no. 7:2, p. 30, pls. 4:y, 10:P. Cf. 302 for hoop pattern. For shape and motifs see Alt-AginaII, i, no. 489, p. 70, pl. 38 and Vogell,p. 35, fig. 14a, pl. VI: 1. For scraped groove on body in other bowl-kantharoi, see 133, 137, 141. Ca. 275 137 (P 31797) P1. 13 E 14:1, lower fill P.H. 4.2. Single fragment of wall, broken all around. Horizontal scraped groove on wall. Above it, pattern of hoops and leaves. Hoops are double lines filled in with white, with white dot in center. Leaves are delicate sprays. Pyramid of white dots above each hoop. Hoops rest on three horizontal lines filled in with white zigzag, with dots below. White dot

rosettes, with orange trace (of dolphin?) at right above. Dull glaze, greenish black to brown outside, black inside; miltos. For scraped groove see 136. 285-260 138 (P 7201) Fig. 11,Pl. 13 Rotroff 1991, no. 35, p. 76, pl. 22. D 11:2 H. 8.2; est. Diam. 9.8. Most of rim and large pieces of body restored; most of handles missing. Scraped groove in resting surface; concave underside with pronounced nipple. Elongated body with groove at base. Two pairs of antithetical leaping dolphins flanking small torches with white fillets and white dots on torch body. In center, cross with volutes at ends of arms, small lozenges between arms, white dots within volutes and at center of cross. Below, interlockingdouble spiralsfilled in with white below, on ground line, then row of crosses accented with white dots, then double line with row of dots between them. [(p]tX[a[S] above on one side. Very shiny black glaze outside, inside unglazed, with traces of miltos and a pinkish tan slip. Dikeras Group. For others cups with unglazed interior see 84. For pieces probably by same potter see 72. For closely similar dolphins see 75. For similar row of accented crosses see 332. For shape cf. Braun 1970, no. 103, p. 143, pl. 58:1. 275-260 139 (P 17074) P1. 13 Area B 20, lot NN 282 (context of late 4th and first half of 3rd century) PH. 4.9; est. Diam. 15.0. Fragmentof rim and upper wall. Garland running right, main wavy stem originally white. [(pi.]a0oabove. Dull black-to-brown glaze outside, shiny inside. For decoration cf. 1177 and 1265; also somewhat similar is 143. 285-260 140 (P 2933) P1. 13 Area K 7 PH. 2.4; est. Diam. 10.0. Fragmentof rim. Slightly outturned rim. Leaf and tendrils of garland with the letter A above. One tendril filled with white. Shiny black glaze. 285-260 HELLENISTIC TYPE

141 (P 27970) P1. 13 Shear 1969, p. 391, pl. 103:j;Stella G. Miller 1974, no. 15, pp. 230-231, pls. 30, 48. F 16:8 H. 8.7; Diam. of body 10.9, of rim 11.3. Half of rim, parts of wall, and part of one handle restored. Scraped groove in resting surface; conical underside. Groove at base of body and scraped groove below handle attachment. Slightly incurved rim. Ivy garland running right, with single ribbonsat ends. Main wavy stem white (now visible only as ghost). Shiny black glaze (probablydipped); miltos. For scraped groove see 136. 290-275

OTHER CLASSICAL DRINKING-CUP SHAPES 142 (P1089) Fig. 11, P. 13 H 17:5 PH. 6.0; rest. H. 8.3; est. Diam of rim 10.5, of body 11.0. Foot, one handle, and five-sixthsof body and rim restored. Two scraped grooves on body, one below handle, one on lower body. Slightly incurved rim. Opposing myrtle garland with single ribbons at ends. Shiny black glaze. Cf. Braun 1970, no. 10, p. 134, pl. 54:1. 290-275 143 (P 20862) Fig. 11, PI. 13 D 17:3 Rest. H. 9.4; Diam. of body 10.1, of rim 9.8. Lower part of foot, parts of rim and body, and both handles restored. Underside nippled. Slightly incurved rim. Delicate volute garland of tendrils, trefoil leaves, and dots running right. Upper and lower tendrils dotted; middle row of tendrils filled in with white. Shiny black glaze. For decoration cf. 139, 1144, 1218. 290-275 144 (P 7761) Fig. 11, P. 13 E 3:1 H. 8.9; Diam. of rim 11.1. One handle, half of rim, and parts of body restored. Foot reattached in antiquity: piece of lead in center of underside and hole in center of floor. Broad, flat resting surface with scraped groove; conical underside. Upper body vertical, with rim turning very slightly outward. Undulating, opposing myrtle garland with single ribbons at ends. Garland punctuated at three points with squaremotif, probablyiunx:squaredivided into foursectionsby crossed lines, with dots (originallywhite) around the perimeter, at the center, and in the divisions of the square. Black glaze inside and on foot, mottled red above; miltos. Ca. 275 145 (P239) P1. 13 Area H 5, lot A 166 (4th- to 2nd-century context) PH. 2.9; est. Diam. of rim 10.0. Fragmentof rim. Very slightly incurved rim. Spearhead necklace with thick, dotted band, e5v9[taog]above. Shiny blackglaze outside;inside unglazed, with miltos. Possiblyfrom workshop of Dikeras and EdwardsGroups. For other cups with unglazed interior see 84. 290-260? 146 (P 20993) P1. 13 Area R 8, lot EA 210 (4th- and 3rd-centurycontext) PH. 2.8; est. Diam. of rim 9.5, of body 10.0.

257

Fragmentof rim. Diameter slightly small for bowl-kantharos. Incurved rim, with scar of (probably)straphandle at left. Spearhead necklace with double band, two ribbons at ends. (p[tXacq] above. Shiny black glaze. 290-260? VARIANTS

147 (P 18698) Fig. 12, P1. 14 Webster 1969, p. 56, under AV 5. M21:l H. 9.1; Diam of rim 12.0. Half of rim and parts of wall restored. Molded foot; broad, flat resting surface; conical underside with nipple. Low, thick stem. Scraped groove below very slightly incurved rim and at lower handle attachment. Strap handles with comic-mask thumb rests: very blurred old-man type, with beard. Between grooves, spearhead necklace with two ties at ends. Band is two lines with white line between them. Spearheads have white dots at ends. Dull brown glaze, with red stackingcircle on floor; miltos. Cf. Watzinger 1901, no. 27, p. 79 = Moreno 1964-1965, p. 51, fig. 35 on p. 54. 250-225? 148 (P4098) Fig. 12, PI. 14 H. A. Thompson 1934, A 32, p. 320, fig. 5; AgoraXII, p. 124, note 73. G 13:4, lower fill (Group A) H. 7.1; Diam. of rim 11.2. One handle and one-third of body restored. Molded foot with scrapedgroove between moldings;slightly concave, beveled resting surface;concave underside with nipple. Slightly pointed body with scraped groove below handle attachments. Outturned rim. Strap handle with ivy-leaf thumb rests. Very faint traces of olive garland on one side of upper body. Dull black glaze; miltos. 275-250 149 (P 19892) Fig. 12, P1. 14 D 17:5, lower fill H. 8.1; Diam. of body 12.4, of rim 11.7. One-fourth of rim and body restored. Molded foot; broad, flat resting surface;pointed underside. Straight lower wall angling in to convex upper wall. Scraped groove at maximum diameter and below rim. Vertical strap handles from maximum diameter to below rim. Between grooves, garland. Metallic brown-to-black glaze, peeling on one side. For a related, smaller shape see 405. 250-175

OTHER CLASSICAL DRINKING-CUP SHAPES SKYPHOS ATTIC TYPE

150 (P 28866) P1. 14 J 5:1, VII H. 0.7; Diam. of body 11.0. Fragmentof rim and chip of foot missing. Underside reservedwith two glazed circles at center; resting surface reserved. Junction of foot and body reserved. Shiny black glaze with red spot; miltos. 350-325

151 (P 22671) Fig. 12, P. 14 D. B. Thompson 1954, no. 5, p. 73, pl. 24:e; AgoraXII, p. 260, under no. 352. O 18:2 H. 9.9; Diam. of body 10.0. Handles and parts of wall and foot restored. Underside and resting surface as 150. Shiny black glaze. Cf. P 26109 (AgoraXII, no. 352, p. 260, fig. 4, pl. 17 [F 17:3, lower fill]). Ca. 325

258

CATALOGUE

152 (P 27995) Fig. 12, P1. 14 Shear 1969, pl. 103:g;Stella G. Miller 1974, no. 19, p. 231, pl. 31. F 16:8 H. 11.7; Diam. of body 10.9. One handle, part of the other, and one-fourth of rim and upper wall restored. Underside and resting surface as 150. Shiny, dark brown glaze. Similar,from same deposit: P 28071, P 29289. Cf. P 318 (D. B. Thompson 1954, p. 88, no. 3 in note 6, pl. 20:c [F 16:1, lower fill], also illustratedin Stella G. Miller 1974, pl. 35); P 1829 (H. A. Thompson 1934, A 26, p. 319, fig. 5, smaller and totally glazed [G 13:4, lower fill]). 1396 is smaller but with similar profile and from same deposit. 300-275 153 (P 27993) Fig. 12, P1. 14 Stella G. Miller 1974, no. 18, p. 231, pl. 31. F 16:8 H. 11.1; Diam. of body 9.7. One handle, half of the other, and part of rim restored. Underside glazed; resting surface reserved. Narrow lower body widens quickly to convex upper body. Slightly outturned rim. Shiny black glaze inside and below stacking line, brown and mostly missing above. 300-275 154 (P 27969) Fig. 12, P1. 14 F 16:8 H. 10.9; Diam. of body 9.6. Smallpartsof rim and body and most of one handle restored. Underside and resting surface as 150. Scraped groove at junction of foot and body. Upper body convex. Rim not outturned. Dull black glaze with horizontal red streaksbelow, red with peeling patches above stackingline. 300-275 CORINTHIAN TYPE

155 (P9363) Fig. 12, P1. 15 AgoraXII, p. 83, note 11. M 18:5 PH. 8.5; rest. Diam. of body 9.3, of rim 7.5. Half of rim, bases of handles, and a few fragmentsof lower body preserved;heavily restored. Stubs of horizontal handles, round in section, joining just below rim and rising slightly. Two pairs of opposing sheaves of wheat with curved tendrilsgrowing from straighthorizontal stem. Two ribbons with dotted ends hang down at sides. Very thick paint, no white. Lustrousblack glaze. For decoration cf. Kopcke 1964, no. 35, p. 31, pl. 18:1; no. 185, p. 44, pl. 33:4 (oinochoe); Greifenhagen 1966, p. 62, pl. 86. 325-300? 156 (P 6296) P1. 15 AgoraXII, p. 83, note 11. E 14:1, lower fill P.H. 4.8; Diam. of body 8.7, of rim 6.9. About half of rim and one handle preserved; partially restored. Horizontal handles, round in section, join just below rim; triangularfrom above. Ivy garland running right. Ivy leaves

on stems alternatewith dot rosetteson stems. Single ribbonsat ends, three ribbons under handles. No white. Lustrousblack glaze. 325-275 157 (P 26964) Fig. 12, PI. 15 H 14:2 H. 9.8; Diam. of body 9.0, of rim 8.0. A few areas of rim, upper body, and foot restored. Turned foot with scraped groove in vertical side; slightly beveled resting surface with scraped groove; underside nippled. Verticalstrap handles with ivy-leaf thumb rests. Opposing myrtle garland; no white. Lustrous black glaze, mottled; miltos. For shape cf. CVA,Brussels 3 [Belgium 3], pl. 3 [138]:13. Additional examples are listed in AgoraXII, p. 83, note 11. 325-275 158 (P 31724 a, b) PI. 15 Area Q8, lot E 203 (context of ca. 325-260) P.H. (a) 7.6, (b) 4.1. Part of foot and most of lower wall (a);fragment of rim (b). Turned foot with scraped groove on side; beveled resting surfacewith scraped groove; conical underside. Offset at base ofbody. Two scrapedgroovesdivide body into upper and lower zone. Painteddecoration on lower wall (a):petalswith rounded tops; between tops are tiny trilobedleaves or single verticalline topped with three dots. Above, two lines with dots between and another motif above. On upper body (b):amulet necklace. Band is composed of two lines with dots between them. One charm preserved, hanging from double chain, between two pairs of chains. Motif on other side probably different (traces preservedon fragment a). Lustrousblack glaze; miltos. 325-300 159 (P4439) PI. 15 F 11:2, upper fill P.H. 2.6; est. Diam. of body 8.0-10.0. Two joining rim fragments. Myrtle garland with letters ]AE above: [(ptXA]qg?Shiny black glaze. 325-300 160 (P22035) Fig. 12, P1. 15 F 11:2, upper fill H. 11.4; rest. Diam. of body 9.0, of rim 8.7. One handle, half of body, three-fourthsof rim, and part of foot restored. Weak version of turned foot: edge sloping rather than vertical, groove in side and resting surface glazed, square offset at top not very pronounced. Continuous curve from slightly bulging lower body to straight, slightly inclined upper body. Sharply outturned rim. Vertical strap handles with ivy-leaf thumb rests. Shiny black glaze, mostly missing on foot. 315-300 RELATED PIECES

161 (P31796 a-c) Fig. 12, P1. 15 E 14:1, lower fill H. 7.7; est. Diam. of body 7.0. Three nonjoining sections preserving foot, full profile, part of rim and one handle, and base of the other handle; restored.

OTHER CLASSICAL DRINKING-CUP SHAPES Molded ring foot with scraped grooves between moldings; slightlybeveled restingsurface;nippled underside. Body offset just above foot. Very thin wall. Plain, incurved rim. Vertical strap handles with ivy-leaf thumb rests. Ivy garland running right. Ivy leaves on individual stems alternating with dot rosettes. Main stem is white. Vertical line at either end of decoration. Shiny black glaze with metallic patches. 275-260 162 (P 13372) Fig. 12, P1. 15 R 18:1 H. 8.4; Diam. of body 8.4, of rim 8.0. About half of body restored;full profile preserved. Shape as 161. Scraped groove below handle attachments and glazed groove below rim delineate decorative zone. A: central cornucopia, with bunch of grapes and torch preserved to left. Nonjoining fragments now restored as part of B preserve part of torch and bunch of grapes. Original composition on both sides probably cornucopia flanked by bunches of grapes and torches. Cornucopia has leaves across top, vertical lines of dots hanging down from sides. Bunch of grapes made up of a rectangle, triangle, and vertical row of dots, with trace of tendrilsabove. White(?)filletshang from torches. Dull black glaze, peeling on one side. Possiblyfrom workshopof Dikeras and EdwardsGroups. By same painter and potter as 167. Sharply nippled underside appears on 75 (and others listed there), which are also possibly by same potter. 275-260 163 (P 18707) Fig. 12, PI. 15 AgoraV, p. 64, under K 52, pl. 39. M 21:1 H. 7.1; Diam. of body 8.2, of rim 7.8. Half of rim and part of body restored. Fairlyhigh ring foot; flat resting surface;nippled underside. Thick strap handles with knobs, perhaps debased masks, as thumb rests. Shiny black glaze, peeling. Cf. Alt-AginaII, i, no. 459, p. 67, fig. 52, pl. 34. For handles cf. 277.

225-175 BOLSTER-CUP

164 (P 28743) Fig. 13, P1. 15 Shear 1973, p. 133, note 37, pl. 28:h; Rotroff 1990a, p. 176, pl. 24:1, lower right. J5:1 V H. 8.0; Diam. 12.8. Rim and foot chipped. Scraped groove in resting surface;nippled underside. Low, slightlypointed body. Rim slightlythickened inwardly.Bolster handle is plain. Ivy garland running right, with single ribbons at ends. Two delicate ribbons hang from middle of bolster. Dull black-to-green glaze, stacking circle inside and out. Ca. 300 165 (P 7379) Fig. 13, P1. 15 Shear 1937, p. 373, fig. 37. E3:1 H. 11.4; Diam. 20.0. Small parts of body restored. Scraped groove in resting surface; conical underside, nippled.

259

Broad, pointed body. Top of rim inwardlybeveled. Bolsters have two vertical grooves at center; ends pierced. Grapevine running right, with undulating stem, from which spring bunches of grapes, leaves on stems, and dotted tendrils. At ends, beside bolsters, are single fillets with four dots at ends, joined by swags to three filletswith dotted ends that hang down below bolster. Above, on A, Atov; on B, uaou. Lustrousblack glaze, stackingcircle on floor. Details of decoration suggest possible workshopconnection to 311 and 313. Cf. Romiopoulou 1967, no. 637, pp. 102-103, fig. 5:P on p. 98. 300-280

166 (P 7760) Fig. 13, P1. 15 E 3:1 H. 11.1; Diam. 17.6. Over half ofrim and parts of body restored;handles missing. Scrapedgroovein restingsurface; undersidenippled. Broad, pointed body. Very slightly incurved rim, with top inwardly beveled. Ivy garland running right with single ribbons at end and below bolster. Lustrous black glaze with green and red patches, stacking line. A closely similar fragment:P 19363 (D 16:1, lower fill). 300-280

167 (P 11239) Fig. 13, P1. 15 B 13:7, bottom fill H. 9.5; Diam. 11.6. Over half restored; full profile preserved. Nonjoining rim fragmentsare not correctly positioned in restoration. Flat resting surface; strongly nippled underside. No stem. Deep skyphos-shapedbody. Plain bolsters, unpierced. Parts of four torches and four cornucopias preserved. Probably originally an alternating scheme, with cornucopia at center and at sides. Vertical line at either end and dot rosettes as spacers. Cornucopia has alternating leaves and dot rosettes across top, with leaves and wavy dotted lines hanging down from either side. Probably body of cornucopia originally painted white. Flames of torches bend to left; two white fillets hang from either side of torch. Lustrous black glaze above, brown inside and below very even stacking line at bottom of decoration. Possiblyfrom workshopof Dikeras and Edwards Groups. Same potter and painter as 162. 275-260 BOLSAL

168 (P 29119) Fig. 13, Pls. 16, 145 J5:1,V H. 6.6; Diam. 15.3; Diam. of foot 11.1. Small part of rim and part of one handle restored. Deep, reservedgroove in restingsurface;nippled underside. Reserved groove at top of concave lower wall. Four sevenpetaled palmettes in cross, within rouletting. Dull red glaze, partly black above stacking line. Same stamp: 973. Another in late context, with little wear: P 28031 (Stella G. Miller 1974, no. 36, p. 234, pl. 32 [F 16:8]). 325-300

260

CATALOGUE

169 (P443) Fig. 13, P1. 142 AgoraXII, p. 275, under no. 561. Area G 17, lot ET 12 (mixed early Hellenistic and Roman context) P.H. 5.8; Diam. of foot 13.5. Most of foot and part of lower wall preserved. Reserved groove in resting surface;nippled underside. Reserved groove at top of concave lower wall. Eight linked nine-

petaled palmettes within rouletting. Painted line around base of handle. To left, ends of two vertical chains or pendants, with three or four dots at ends. Black glaze. For similar pendants see 311; Kopcke 1964, no. 1, p. 26, pl. 9:2 and no. 354, p. 58, pl. 47:6. 350-300

HELLENISTIC KANTHAROS STRAIGHT WALL

SMALL

LARGE

173 (P7768) Fig. 13, PI. 16 E 3:1 H. 7.9; Diam. of body 8.9, of rim 9.1. One handle, half of the other, and part of wall restored. Low foot, square in profile,with scraped groove on side and in broad restingsurface;pointed underside. Upper wall almost vertical. Comic-mask thumb rest: long beard and receding hair (old man or slave). Delicate ivy garland running right, with inscription above. On A: ]O[. On B: ]OT[. Possibly to be restored [AL]o[vu]/[a]ou. Shiny black glaze, mottled red; miltos. Nearly identical: P 19353 (D 16:1, lower fill), with myrtle garland. Cf. Braun 1970, nos. 9, 79, pp. 134, 155, pls. 54:1, 56:4, 79:2. Ca. 300

170 (P907) Fig. 13, P1. 16 H. A. Thompson 1934, B 21, p. 338, fig. 18;AgoraV, p. 30, under G 80; AgoraXII, p. 123, note 71. H 16:3, north chamber (Group B) H. 11.3; Diam. of body 12.6, rest. Diam. of rim 12.4. One handle, two-thirds of rim, and one-third of wall restored. Molded foot with scraped groove between moldings and in resting surface; pointed underside. Low, thick stem with scraped groove at junction with body. Baggy body, slightly concave above. Ivy-leaf thumb rest. Painted decoration retains trace of gilding. A: spearhead necklace with broad strap accented with dots above, links of spearheads overlap. B: charm necklace. Shiny black glaze; miltos. For very similar decoration cf. 189 and 197; overlapping links also appear on 522. 310-290 or possibly earlier 171 (P 7769) Fig. 13, P1. 16 E 3:1 H. 10.1; Diam. of rim 13.2. About halfofrim and partsofwall restored;handlesmissing. Foot with square profile; scraped groove in resting surface; pointed underside. Scraped groove at junction of foot and body and at about one-third height, below decoration. Almost hemispherical lower body, upper body nearly vertical, slightly convex. Three pairs of antithetical leaping dolphins over very simple spiral wave pattern running right. Wave filled in white below, with white dots inside spirals. Thick, shiny black-tobrown glaze; miltos. For foot cf. 175; for decoration cf. 27. 290-275 172 (P 11236) Fig. 13, Pls. 16, 141 B 13:7, bottom fill PH. 9.5; rest. H. 12.5; Diam. of body 12.4, of rim 11.9. One handle, lower body, and part of upper body restored. Very slightly angular profile. Comic-mask thumb rest: beardless face with thick hair (young man?). A: spearhead necklace with single ties at ends, inscription (pt[Xta] above. Thin band with dots across top; links of spearheads overlap. B: charm necklace with ties and band as A. Charms hang from two chains and alternate with double chains:(leftto right)horizontal bar, double axe, circle, crescent, three circles, trefoil leaf, horizontal bar. Shiny black to dull red glaze. For mask see Webster 1978, Type O, p. 19. Cf. 179 and the smaller 177 and 178 for degree of angularityof body. Ca. 275

174 (P 26963) PI. 16 H 14:2 H. 8.6; est. Diam. of rim 7.5. Small part of rim restored;one handle and half of body and rim missing. Foot as 173. Straight wall inclined slightly to outside. Ivyleaf thumb rest. Ivy garland running right. Dull black glaze mottled to red. For comparanda see 173. Ca. 300 175 (P 7604) Fig. 13, P. 16 C 14:7 H. 7.8; Diam. of body 7.2, est. Diam. of rim 7.8. Handles and half of wall restored. Footsquarein profile;flatrestingsurface; nippledunderside. Scraped groove atjunction of body and foot. Straight, vertical upper wall. Ivy garland running right with single ribbons at ends. Fabricmottled to gray; shiny black-to-brownglaze with obvious double dipping mark on lower body. Ca. 300 176 (P 19354) P1. 16 Rotroff 1984b, no. 9, p. 352, pl. 67. D 16:1, lower fill H. 8.0; Diam. of body 8.9, of rim 9.0. Handles, half of rim, and parts of wall restored. Flaring foot; scraped groove in resting surface; pointed underside. Scraped groove atjunction of foot and body. Upper body slightlyconcave and nearly vertical. Ivy garland running right with single ribbons at ends. Shiny black glaze. 300-275

HEI..ENISTIC 177 (P 7767) P1. 16 E 3:1 H. 7.6; Diam. of body 7.9, of rim 8.3. Parts of wall and one handle restored. Flaring foot; beveled resting surface; nippled underside. Scraped groove in resting surface and at junction of foot and body. Slight angle in profile. Old-man-mask thumb rest. Ivy garland running right. Fabric mottled to gray; shiny black glaze below stacking line, greenish and peeling above. Mask very similar to that on 178. Ca. 275 178 (P 11238) Pls. 16, 141 Webster 1960, C 10, p. 283, pl. 68; Webster 1969, AV 1, p. 56. B 13:7, bottom fill H. 7.9; Diam. of body 8.5, est. Diam. of rim 8.6. One handle, half of body, and over half of rim restored. Flaring foot; beveled, reserved resting surface;pointed underside. Scraped groove at junction of body and foot. Oldman-mask thumb rest. Opposing olive garland with single ribbons at ends. Shiny black glaze below stacking circle, peeling green above; miltos. Mask very similar to that on 177. Ca. 275 LARGE, SPUR HANDLES

179 (P28059) Fig. 14, PI. 17 Stella G. Miller 1974, no. 6, p. 229, pl. 30. F 16:8 H. 13.0; Diam. of body 11.5, est. Diam. of rim 11.3. Half of body and most of one handle restored. Groovedrestingsurface;pointed underside. Scrapedgroove at base of body. Upper wall slightly concave and nearly vertical. Sharply rising, flaring spurs. Shiny black glaze. Illegible graffito under foot. Small fragment of another from the same deposit: P 28126. 285-275 180 (P26011) Fig. 14, P. 17 F 17:3, middle fill H. 10.8; Diam. of body 10.6, of rim 9.5. One-fourth of wall restored. Flat, reserved resting surface; pointed underside. Scraped groove at base of body. Subangular profile. Straight, inclined upper wall. Slightly rising, slightly flaring spurs. Fabric mottled to gray; shiny black-to-redglaze, peeling; miltos. 275-260 181 (P 26009) P1. 17 F 17:3, middle fill H. 11.0; Diam. of body 10.1, of rim 9.8. Foot chipped. Beveled resting surface; flat underside with nipple. Slightly angular profile. Straight, nearly vertical upper body. Sharply rising, widely flaring spurs. Fabricmottled to gray; dull blackto-orange glaze, peeling. 275-260 182 (P 20887) P1. 17 D 17:3 H. 7.4; Diam. of body 7.4, rest. Diam. of rim 7.0. Most of rim, half of upper body, and most of one handle restored.

KANTHAROS

261

Beveled resting surface; pointed underside. Angular wall, concave upper body. Sharply rising,slightlyflaringspurs. Dull black glaze with red patches, peeling, stacking line. 275-260 ANGULAR LARGE

Stage1 183 (P 28127) PI. 17 F 16:8 P.H. 8.4. Fragmentof upper wall and upper part of handle. Mask thumb rest, made in worn mold: possibly young-man mask (cf. Webster 1978, Type O, p. 19). Dull black glaze, peeling. 285-275 184 (P 29236) P1. 17 J 5:1, IV P.H. 10.0; Diam. of body 10.2, est. Diam. of rim 10.0. Part of rim, half of upper body, one handle, and part of lower body preserved. Offset at base of body. Ivy-leaf thumb rest. Dull black glaze, orange at rim. 285-275 185 (P 2859) PI. 17 H. A. Thompson 1934, A 31, p. 320, fig. 5; AgoraXII, p. 123, note 71. G 13:4, lower fill (Group A) H. 11.7; Diam. of body 11.8, of rim 10.2. Mended from many small fragments; center of floor and parts of body, rim, and foot restored. Scraped groove between moldings of foot; flat, partly reserved resting surface. Subangular profile. Ivy-leaf thumb rests. Shiny black glaze, peeling, with stacking circle. 285-275 186 (P 26323) P1. 17 F 17:3, lower fill Max. p. dim. 4.5. Single fragment of wall with lower handle attachment. Subangular wall. Painted vertical ribbon or tie at left of handle attachment. Shiny blackglaze outside, inside unglazed; miltos in scraped groove and on inside. Possiblyfrom workshop of Dikeras and EdwardsGroups. For other cups with unglazed interior see 84. 275-260 187 (P 20861) Fig. 14, Pls. 17, 141 D 17:3 H. 12.5; Diam. of body 12.6, of rim 12.0. Partsof wall restored;two lead clamps from ancient repair, one in upper body, one in lower body. Crisp foot with scraped groove in resting surface and between moldings; pointed underside. Offset at base of body. Slightlyinclined and concave upper body. Thumb rests:beardless head with thick, curlinghairparted in the middle; probably not a mask, since mouth is closed. Three pairs of antithetical leaping dolphins;spiralwave running right, filled in with white below,based on two horizontal lines with dots between. Fabric mottled to gray; shiny black glaze, badly peeled in places, with stackingline. GraffitoE underneath. 275-250

262

CATALOGUE

Ill. 1, P1. 17 188 (P 1081) I 17:5 PH. 11.5; Diam. of body 12.4, of rim 11.2. Half of lower body and parts of upper body restored; foot missing. Ivy-leaf thumb rests. A: spearhead necklace with thick band, dots across top, and single ties at ends; inscription cpicta[q]above. B: charm necklace with band and ties as on A. Charms hang from two chains and alternate with two chains: leaf, dolphin, crescent,jar? Metallic black glaze. Others of this shape with spearhead necklace and (pitaq: 189, P 7718 (E 3:1), and P 8274 (C 12:2). 275-250

One handle, half of lower body, and parts of rim and upper body restored. Scraped groove between moldings of foot; flat resting surface; pointed underside. Offset at base of body. Ivy-leafthumb rest. Delicate ivy garland running right with single ribbons at ends. Undulating main stem overpainted white; outlined leaves on stems alternate with dot rosettes. Metallic black glaze, brownishblack below stacking line. Outlinedivy leavesare rarebut not unique:see P 4064 (H. A. Thompson 1934, B 22, p. 339, fig. 19 [H 16:3, north chamber], probablyby the same hand), 332, and 1224; Watzinger 1924, G 2, p. 681, pl. 50; Schaal 1923, pl. 59:e. 275-250

Ill. 1, Fig. 14, PI. 18 189 (P 29112) J 5:1, III H. 10.3; Diam. of body 10.3, of rim 9.0. One-fourth of rim, half of one handle, and parts of body restored. Flaring foot, slightly angular but not molded; sharply beveled resting surface;nippled underside. Upper wall nearly straight, inclined. Ivy-leaf thumb rests. A: spearhead necklace with thick band, row of dots across top, and single ties at ends. Links of spearheads overlapping,inscription pitX[acS] above. B: charm necklace with band and ties as A. Each charm hangs from two chains, charms alternate with pairs of chains; charms include crescent, horizontal bars, leaf. Dull glaze, greenish black to black, with stacking line. Execution of spearhead necklace very similar on 170 and 197. For others of this shape with necklace and ypXiaoq, see 188. Cf. Braun 1970, no. 102, p. 142, pls. 58:1, 79:2 (forbody shape but not foot). 275-250

193 (P 10437) Fig. 14, PI. 18 B 13:7, bottom fill H. 11.5; Diam. of body 10.9, of rim 9.5. Intact. Scraped groove between moldings of foot; reserved resting surface;pointed underside. Ivy-leaf thumb rests. Ivy garland running right. Leaves on incised stems alternate with dot rosettes. Dull red glaze, black on upper body on one side. Other kantharoiwith garlandswith incised stems:208-210, P 4328 (E 15:7, lower fill), P 25677 (A 17:3). Ivy with incised stems occurs also on 480, 824, P 17864 (AgoraXXII, no. 406, p. 92, pl. 69 [M 21:1]), P 20364, P 26257 (M 18:10). 275-250

190 (P 11205) Fig. 14, Pls. 18, 141 B 13:3 H. 10.8; Diam. of body 11.5, of rim 10.3. One handle, half of upper wall, and parts of lower wall restored;poor mend exaggerates asymmetry. Scraped groove in resting surface and between moldings of foot; underside nippled. Upper wall nearly straight, inclined. Mask thumb rest: heavily bearded head, possibly tragic mask. Ivy garland running right. Main undulating stem white, ivy leaves on individual stems alternate with white dot rosettes. Shiny black glaze. For ivy cf. 194, 220, 820. 275-250 191 (P 7717) P1. 18 E 3:1 P.H. 7.4; Diam. of body 10.3, of rim 9.5. One handle and parts of upper body restored; lower body missing. Partially scraped groove at greatest diameter. Upper wall straight, inclined. Ivy-leaf thumb rest. Grapevine running right with single ribbons at ends. Main undulating stem is white; leaves on individual stems alternate with dot rosettes. Metallic black glaze. 275-250 192 (P 1107) H. A. Thompson 1934, B 4, p. 335, fig. 15. H 16:3, south tunnel (Group B) H. 11.8; Diam. of body 11.0, of rim 9.0.

P1. 18

194 (P 15141) P1. 18 K-L 18-20:1, west branch H. 13.0; Diam. of body 12.1; rest. Diam. of rim 10.8. One handle, one-fourth of upper wall, and over half of rim restored. Scrapedgroove between moldings of foot; grooved, reserved resting surface;pointed underside. Ivy-leaf thumb rest. Decoration as 190 but with single ribbons at ends. Shiny black glaze, peeling, stackingline. For ivy cf. 190, 220, 820. 275-250 195 (P 26005) Fig. 14, P1. 18 F 17:3, middle fill H. 12.6; Diam. of body 12.1, of rim 11.1. Partsof wall and part of one handle restored. Scraped groove between moldings of foot; grooved resting surface; pointed underside. Offset at base of body. Ivy-leaf thumb rest. Cornucopia flanked by branches and pairs of knotted fillets, with white(?) dot rosettes as spacers between motifs. Pairs of fillets hang down from branches. Leaves sprout from cornucopia, fillets hang from it, and a dot rosette is placed above it. Shiny mottledbrown and blackglaze, mostly missing on one side, with stacking circle; miltos. For same motifs on later kantharossee 216. 275-250 196 (P 26879) P1. 18 Rotroff 1991, no. 83, p. 88, pl. 34. E 3:1 H. 12.5; est. Diam. of body 12.0, of rim 10.0. Two-thirds of upper wall, half of lower wall, and handles missing. Nonjoining fragment (not illustrated)preserves part of decoration. Scraped groove between moldings of foot; broad, beveled resting surface; pointed underside. Vertical incised branch

HE.LENISTIC KANTHAROS in center with two white fillets hanging down on either side; flanked by bunches of grapes and two incised hanging fillets; grapes in white, tendrils and leaf incised. Dull black glaze, stackingline. Incised Wave Group. Use of incision for these motifs is unusual; cf. P 31803 (Rotroff 1991, no. 82, p. 88, pl. 34 [E 3:1]) for incised fillets. 275-250 197 (P 11235) Fig 14,P1. 18 B 13:7, bottom fill H. 11.0; Diam. of body 10.7, of rim 9.5. About one-third of body restored. Scraped groove between moldings of foot; broad, flat resting surface; pointed underside. Deep lower body with offset at base. Ivy-leaf thumb rests. Spearhead necklace with thick band, row of dots above, and single ties at ends. Links of spearheadsoverlap. Dull green glaze above, shiny black below stacking line. Decoration very similar to that on 170 and 189. 275-250 198 (P 6305) Fig. 14, P1. 18 E 14:1, lower fill H. 12.2; rest. Diam. of body 11.7, of rim 10.3. Half of upper body and one-fourth of lower body restored. Scraped groove between moldings of foot; slightly beveled, concave resting surface;pointed underside. Deep lower body. Ivy-leaf thumb rests. Only right-hand portion of decoration preserved:vertical branch accented with white dots, with two wavy white fillets hanging down; white dot rosette; knotted fillet. Metallic black glaze, reddish brown inside. Another with same decoration: P 11202 (B 12:2). Cf. also 215. For these motifs on baggy kantharoisee 234-236, 265. 275-250 199 (P 29113) Fig. 14, PI. 18 J 5:1, III H. 11.6; Diam. of body 10.9, of rim 9.3. Small part of upper wall restored. Poorlydefined, molded foot; broad, beveled restingsurface; concave underside. Groove under glaze below greatest diameter of body. Rim slightly inturned. Ivy-leaf thumb rests. Ivy garland running right, with single ribbons at ends. Leaves on stems alternate with dot rosettes. Dull reddish brown glaze. Ca. 250 Stage2 200 (P 6304) P1. 19 E 14:1, lower fill H. 12.7; Diam. of body 11.5, of rim 10.3. Chips of wall, one-fourth of upper wall, and handles restored. Scraped groove between moldings of foot; beveled resting surface; slightly pointed underside. Deep lower body. Ivy garland with single ribbons at ends. Straight horizontal stem overpainted with wavy white line. Ivy leaves alternate with white dot rosettes. Shiny black glaze, mottled to brown. 250-240 201 (P 26004) AgoraXXI, F 207, p. 44, pl. 20. F 17:3, middle fill H. 12.5; Diam. of body 10.4, of rim 9.6. Handles and chips missing.

P1. 19

263

Rounded resting surface; pointed underside. Ghost of olive garland running right, with white dots above and below. Stem probably overpainted white. Shiny red-to-brownglaze. GraffitoAAI below rim. 250-240 202 (P 25996) Fig 15, P1. 19 Rotroff 1984a, p. 175, fig. 4, right; Rotroff 1991, no. 62, p. 82, fig 12,pl. 31. F 17:3, middle fill H. 11.4; Diam. of body 10.5, of rim 9.3. Small chips missing. Broad, beveled resting surface; pointed underside. One pair of antithetical leaping dolphins, with white dot rosettes between them and flankingthem; spiral wave pattern running right, filled in white below; two lines. Scene flankedby vertical branches with white accents and fillets and by pairs of knotted fillets. Dull black-to-greenglaze, partly missing; miltos. Shark Group. Decoration identical to that on 205; same hand also painted 203 and 204. 250-240 203 (P 13449) Fig. 15, P1. 19 Rotroff 1984a, p. 175, fig. 4, left; Rotroff 1991, no. 63, p. 82, fig. 12, pl. 31. O 20:3, II H. 12.9; Diam. of body 11.6, of rim 10.5. One handle and parts of wall and foot restored. Broad, beveled resting surface; slightly nippled underside. Two pairs of antithetical leaping dolphins spaced by white dot rosettes;spiralwave pattern running right, filled in with white; two incised lines, with a wavy incised line between them on one side. Painterbegan to incise wave pattern at left but continued it in paint. Metallic greenish black glaze, peeling on one side, with stackingline; miltos. Shark Group. For hand see 202. 250-240 204 (P 26012) Fig. 15, P1. 19 Rotroff 1991, no. 64, p. 82, fig. 12, pl. 31. F 17:3, middle fill H. 11.6; Diam. of body 10.0, of rim 8.9. Partsof body restored. Rounded resting surface; pointed underside. Deep lower body. Two pairs of antithetical leaping dolphins spaced by white dot rosettes;wave pattern of white undulating line over opposing diagonal strokes;three lines below, the lowest white. Shiny,gritty black glaze, dull brown and thin on one side, with stackingcircle. Shark Group. For hand see 202. 250-240 205 (P 26002) Fig. 15, P1. 19 Rotroff 1991, no. 66, p. 82, fig. 12, pl. 31. F 17:3, middle fill H. 13.0; Diam. of body 10.3, of rim 9.2. Part of foot and chips of rim missing. Broad beveled resting surface; convex underside. Decoration as 202, mostly missing on one side. Metallic black-tobrown glaze, peeling, with stackingline; miltos. Shark Group.

264

CATALOGUE

For hand see 202. Ca. 240 Stage3 206 (P 16651) Fig. 15, P1. 19 L 19:2, lower fill H. 12.8; Diam. of body 10.0, of rim 9.1. Foot chipped. Scraped groove between moldings of foot; flat resting surface; flat underside with nipple. Offset at base of body. One pair of leaping antithetical dolphins spaced by white dot rosettes;alternatingvertical strokesand hoops with white dots within; two lines with white dots between them. Shiny, gritty black glaze. 240-220 207 (P 16652) Fig. 15, PI. 19 L 19:2, lower fill H. 13.8; Diam. of body 10.8, of rim 10.0. Complete. Foot as 206. Grapevine running right. Leaves on stems alternate with white dot rosettes. Probablya white, wavy main stem. Shiny, gritty black glaze, stacking line. 240-220 208 (P 6300) P1. 19 E 14:1, lower fill H. 14.1; Diam. of body 9.9, of rim 8.8. Handles, one-fifth of upper body, and one-third of lower body restored. Flat resting surface; convex underside. Grapevine running right with two incised fillets at ends. Main undulating stem and dot rosette white; leaves on incised stems alternate with white dot rosettes. Metallic black glaze. Probably by same hand as 209; cf. also 241, 244, 363 for similar leaves, 193 for incised stems. 240-220 209 (P 13450) P1.20 O 20:3, II H. 13.4; Diam. of body 11.0, of rim 9.6. Handles and one-fourth of upper wall restored. Flat resting surface;pointed underside. Grapevine running right with two incised ribbons at ends. Main stem white, with incised tendrils. Leaves alternate with white dot rosettes. Dull brown-to-grayglaze, peeling, with stacking line. Probablyby same hand as 208. 240-220 210 (P 6299) PI. 20 E 14:1, lower fill H. 17.1; Diam. of body 11.4; est. Diam. of rim 10.5. One handle, most of rim, and parts of body restored. Flat resting surface; irregular underside. Two to three grooves under glaze two-thirds of way up lower body. A: ivy garland running right. White undulating stem, incised individual stems, framed by white line above and below. B: a different motif, mostly missing (possibly olive garland or spearhead necklace). White dots visible at right, incised fillets at either end. Metallic black glaze, red inside and under foot. For incised stems see 193. 240-220 211 (P6301) E 14:1, lower fill

P. 20

H. 16.1; Diam. of body 11.8, of rim 10.6. Part of one handle, one-fourth of lower body, and parts of upper body restored. Repaired in antiquity: parts of seven clamps and holes for two more. Flat resting surface, reserved; pointed underside. Groove under glaze above greatest diameter of body. Ivy garland running right, with white stem and clusters of three white berries(now nearly invisible). Framedby line above and below. Shiny black glaze, brown below stacking line, pitted. 240-220 212 (P 16235) Fig 15, P1.20 N 21:4, lower fill H. 16.5; Diam. of body 11.9, of rim 11.1. Part of one handle, most of foot and underside, and large parts of body restored. Flat resting surface, outer part unglazed, possibly worn. Curved profile. Alternating crosses and white dot rosettes; alternating incised double hoops and painted grape leaves; three lines. White dot rosettes above hoops, white dots within hoops. Dull black-to-orangeglaze, stacking line. See 570 and 1180 for similar incised hoops. 240-220 213 (P 6297) Fig. 15, PI. 20 E 14:1, lower fill H. 15.3; Diam. of body 10.3, of rim 10.3. One-fourth of lower body and parts of upper body restored. Flat resting surface; roughly convex underside. Curved profile. Spearhead necklace with ties at ends. Four bands, alternatingwhite and orange. Dull black glaze, red inside and on one side of upper body. Decoration as P 4052 (H. A. Thompson 1934, A 73, pp. 327-328, fig. 10 [G 13:4, upper fill]) and P 16236 (N 21:4, lower fill). Cf. also 258, 357, 358, and 1178. 240-220 214 (P 6298) P1.20 E 14:1, lower fill H. 17.9; Diam. of body 11.5, of rim 10.8. One handle and large parts of wall and rim restored. Flat restingsurface;nippled underside. Curvedprofile,with groove under glaze above greatest diameter. Olive garland running left, framed by white line above and below. Metallic black glaze, missing on one side. 240-220 215 (P 16234) Fig. 15, P1.20 N 21:4, lower fill H. 15.5; Diam. of body 11.5, of rim 10.5. Handles and parts of body restored. Flat resting surface;flat underside. Curved profilewith one to two grooves under glaze above greatest diameter. Wreath flanked by branches and double fillets. Stem of wreath overpainted white, white fillets hanging down in center. White dot rosette on either side of wreath. Branches have white dots along stems, two white fillets hanging down on either side. Shiny black glaze. 240-220 216 (P 16233) Fig. 15, P1.20 Rotroff 1990a, p. 177, pl. 24:3, upper row, center; Rotroff 1994, p. 21, pl. 2:ac. N 21:4, lower fill H. 17.7; Diam. of body 12.0, of rim 11.6.

HELT.ENISTICKANTHAROS One handle, most of rim, and parts of lower body restored. Beveled resting surface;slightly nippled underside. Curved profile with groove under glaze above maximum diameter. Cornucopia flanked by branches and double knotted fillets, with white dot rosettes as spacers between motifs. Cornucopia filled in with white, alternating orange and white leaves across top, and dotted white filletending in white dot rosetteshanging down from either side. Branches have white dots along stem and two white fillets hanging down on inner side. Shiny black glaze. 240-220 217 (P 15411) P1.20 Area E 18, lot rr 460 (mixed Archaic and Classicalcontext, with a few Hellenistic pieces) P.H. 4.7. Single fragment of rim. Concave upper body. Spearhead necklace: two lines of band and part of the links preserved, all incised, with top of one painted pendant. Incised inscription [(pfX]iatabove. Dull black glaze. Another small fragment with same shape, decoration, and P 31376. incised inscriptionqptX[iaoc]: 240-220 218 (P 26259) P1.20 Rotroff 1991, no. 79, p. 88, pl. 33. M 18:10 P.H. 7.0; P.W.6.3. Fragmentof upper body and rim. Concave upper body with groove under glaze at bottom. Incised dolphin leaping right, with white dot rosette at left; incised spiral filled in with white below; two incised lines and one white line. Metallic black glaze, red inside. Incised Wave Group. For decoration cf. Levi 1964, p. 249, fig. 10. Ca. 220 SMALL

219 (P 18457) Fig. 16, P1.21 H. A. Thompson 1948, pp. 166-167, pl. 46:3; Young 1951b, no. 13:4, p. 129, pl. 54:a. C 17:2 P.H. 7.0; rest. H. 8.0; Diam. of body 8.0, of rim 7.9. One handle, foot, and parts of wall restored. Nearly hemispherical lower body with scraped groove at greatest diameter. Concave upper body, nearly vertical. Ivyleaf thumb rests. Ivy garlandrunning right, with single ribbons at ends. Shiny black glaze. 275-250 220 (P 16149) P1.21 Webster 1960, p. 283, under C 10; Webster 1969, p. 56, under AV 1. K-L 18-20:1, west branch Lower part of one handle and parts of body restored. H. 8.8; Diam. of body 8.3, of rim 8.2. Molded foot with groove between moldings partially scraped;scraped groove in resting surface. Curved lower body with scraped groove just below greatest diameter. Concave upper body, not inclined. Old-man-mask thumb rests (wedgebearded variety of Lycomedeian mask). Ivy garland running right with single fillets at ends. Mottled fabric; shiny black glaze, peeling, with stacking circle.

265

For ivy cf. 190, 194, 820. 275-250 221 (P 20863) Fig 16, Pl. 21 D 17:3 H. 7.9; Diam. of body 7.9, of rim 7.3. One handle and half of upper body restored. Sharply defined, flaring ring foot; beveled resting surface; nippled underside. Rounded lower body meets upper body at angle. Ivy-leaf thumb rests. Opposing olive garland with single ribbons at end. Shiny to dull black glaze. Similar:P 14361 (E 14:6, lower fill), P 7716 (E 3:1). Cf. Alt-AginaII, i, nos. 476, 501, 529, 530, pls. 37, 39, 40; Braun 1994, no. 7:1, p. 30, pls. 4:P, 10:3. 275-250 222 (P 18455) Fig 16, P1.21 H. A. Thompson 1948, pp. 166-167, pl. 46:3; Young 1951b, no. 13:3, p. 129, pl. 54:a. C 17:2 H. 7.0; Diam. of body 7.0, of rim 6.6. Partsof foot restored. Sharplydefined, flaringfoot; beveled restingsurface;pointed underside with unglazed patch. Upper and lower body meet at angle. Old-man-maskthumb rests. Opposing olive garland with single ribbons at ends. Shiny, gritty black glaze. Cf. Charitonides 1981, A. 265, p. 178, fig.4:~, pl. 45:e, from grave A. 275-250 223 (P4413) P1.21 F 12:3, upper fill H. 6.9; Diam. of body 7.2, of rim 6.6. One handle and parts of wall restored. Sharply defined, flaring foot; beveled resting surface; nippled underside. Rounded lower body meets upper wall at angle. Slave- or old-man-mask thumb rest. Opposing olive garland with single ribbons at ends. Gritty, metallic black glaze. 275-250 224 (P5349) Fig 16, PI. 21 F 13:1 H. 8.6; Diam. of body 8.0, of rim 7.1. One handle and small chips of body restored. Flaring ring foot with rounded contours; beveled resting surface; nippled underside. Fairly straight lower wall with groove under glaze at greatest diameter. Upper body inclined, slightly concave. Ivy-leaf thumb rest. Opposing olive garland with single ribbons at ends, in very thick paint. Slightly metallic, gritty black glaze. Ca. 250 225 (P5350) P1.21 F 13:1 H. 8.0; Diam. of body 7.8; est. Diam. of rim 6.8. Handles and less than half of upper body missing. Slightly molded ring foot; irregularresting surface; underside concave, slightly nippled. Groove under glaze just below greatest diameter. Upper body inclined, slightly concave. Ivy garland. Straight stem overpainted white; leaves lie on their sides above and below line, with points facing left. Fabric partly fired gray; dull greenish glaze, orange on foot, with stackingline. Ca. 250

266

CATALOGUE

226 (P 19041) Fig 16, P1.21 Young 1951b, no. 9:2, p. 125, pl. 52:c (wrongly captioned no. 1). B 18:2 H. 8.9; Diam. of body 8.8, of rim 7.5. Parts of wall restored. Flaring ring foot with rounded contours; beveled resting surface; pointed underside. Deep lower body. Groove under glaze at greatest diameter. Concave, inclined upper body. Slave- or old-man-mask thumb rests. Delicate opposing olive garland. Dull glaze, mottled black to brown. Ca. 250

Handles, most of rim, and much of upper wall restored. Foot as 230 but with nipple on underside. Curved profile with no groove. Ivy garland running right with single ribbons at ends. Fabric mottled to gray; black glaze below and inside, peeling above stackingline. Ca. 275 BAGGY LARGE

227 (P29299) P. 21 J 5:1, III H. 9.0; Diam. of body 8.1, of rim 7.0. Parts of body and part of one handle restored. Flaring ring foot, concave to outside; rounded resting surface; nippled underside. Fairly steep lower wall curves into upper wall. Slightly incurved rim. Ivy-leaf thumb rests. Opposing olive garland with single ribbons at ends. Gritty black glaze with iridescent sheen. Poorly made. Shape very close to the larger 199 from the same context. Ca. 250

232 (P2861) Fig. 16, P1.22 H. A. Thompson 1934, A 39, pp. 321-322, fig. 6. G 13:4, lower fill (Group A) H. 11.2; est. Diam. of body 12.6, of rim 12.0. Full profile preserved. Handles and three-fourthsof body missing. Ring foot with angular profile; rounded resting surface (no wear);convex underside. Greatest diameter of body very low. Two scraped grooves below rim. One panel of concentric rectangles preserved; no trace of white. Fabric mottled to gray; peeling, mottled brown to dull black glaze outside, shiny black inside and on underside. An early instance of the rectangle motif. Ca. 260

228 (P29114) P1.21 J 5:1, III H. 9.1; Diam. of body 8.6, of rim 7.2. Parts of upper wall and part of one handle restored. Roughly molded ring foot with rounded contours; concave with nipple underneath. Deep lower body, upper body inclined and concave; no groove in body. Ivy-leaf thumb rests. Opposing olive garland with single fillets at ends. Slightly shiny,gritty black glaze. Cf. Braun 1994, no. 10:2, p. 33, pls. 5:s, 9:a. Ca. 250

233 (P55) P1.22 Area H 5 P.H. 3.0. Single rim fragment. Rim very slightlyoutturned, with two scraped grooves. Part of one panel of checkerboard and one panel of concentric rectangles. Shiny black glaze outside; inside unglazed, with traces of miltos. Possiblyfrom workshop of Dikeras and Edwards Groups. For other cups with unglazed interior see 84. 260-250

229 (P 20256) Fig. 16, P1.21 Young 1951b, no. 14:2, p. 130, pl. 54:b. D 16:6 H. 9.0; Diam. of body 8.1, of rim 7.1. Small parts of rim and wall restored. Flaring ring foot; rounded resting surface; nippled underside. Deep lower body, concave and inclined upper body; no groove in wall. Ivy-leaf thumb rests. Olive garland running right with single ribbons at ends. Dull, thin black glaze. Another with olive garland running right: P 31334 (Shear 1984, p. 46, note 94, pl. 1l:a [J 3:2]). 250-240

234 (P 16239) Fig. 16, P1.22 N 21:4, lower fill H. 11.7; Diam. of body 12.8, of rim 12.1. One handle, underside, and parts of body restored. Broad, flat resting surface. Slight angle in profile. Two scraped grooves below rim. Ivy-leaf thumb rest. Wreath flankedby branchesand pairs of knottedfillets. Stem of wreath overpaintedwhite, one white fillet hanging down in center; two wavy white fillets hang from inner side of branch. Dull black glaze. Similar:P 16238 (Rotroff 1990a, p. 177, pl. 24:3, upper left [N 21:4, lower fill]). 250-225

SMALL,TURNED FOOT

230 (P 6947) Fig. 16, P1.21 D-E 8-9:1 H. 9.5; Diam. of body 8.4, of rim 8.3. One handle and one-fourth of upper body restored. Turned foot with scraped groove in vertical edge and in wide, beveled resting surface; deeply concave underside. Scraped groove below greatest diameter. Ivy-leaf thumb rest. Ivy garland running right with single ribbons at ends. Shiny black glaze, mottled red on one side; miltos. Ca. 275 231 (P 14183) O 20:3, I H. 9.8; Diam. of body 7.9, of rim 8.1.

P1.21

235 (P 11234) Fig. 16, P1.22 Webster 1960, C 11 b, p. 283, pl. 68; Webster 1969, p. 56, under AV 4. B 13:7, bottom fill H. 12.7; Diam. of body 12.7, of rim 11.7. Partsof body restored. Broad, beveled resting surface; pointed underside. Body horizontallyfaceted. Comic-maskthumb rests:slavewith wide mouth trumpet and slightly pointed beard. Wreath flanked by branches and pairs of knotted fillets. Stem of wreath overpainted white, two white fillets hanging down at center. Branchesplaced diagonallywith tops towardcenter; two white fillets hang from either side. Shiny-to-dull black glaze, brown below stackingline on one side.

HEI.LENISTIC KANTHAROS Similar mask on 236 and P 16238 (Rotroff 1990a, p. 177, pl. 24:3, upper left [N 21:4, lower fill]). 250-225 236 (P 6303) Pls. 22, 141 Webster 1960, C 11 a, p. 283, pl. 68; Webster 1969, AV 4, p. 56. E 14:1, lower fill P.H. 11.5; rest. H. 12.9; Diam. of body 12.6; est. Diam. of rim 11.8. One handle, foot, and half of body restored. Body horizontallyfaceted. Slave-maskthumb rest, with low speira,wide trumpet. A (B missing):wreath flankedby branches and pairs of knotted fillets. Stem of wreath overpaintedwhite, two white fillets hanging down at center. Branch placed diagonallywith top towardsoutside; two orange and two white fillets hang from outer side. Metallic black glaze. Same mask type as on 235. 250-225 237 (P6302) Fig. 16, Pl. 22 E 14:1, lower fill H. 12.2; Diam. of body 12.6, of rim 11.9. One handle and parts of body restored. Beveled resting surface; convex underside. Slight angle below lower scraped groove; body horizontally faceted. Two grooves below rim, only one scraped on one side, both scraped on other side. Ivy-leaf thumb rests. Spearhead necklace with ties at ends. Band is one orange and one white line; white dots between tips of spearheads. Metallic black glaze, peeling. Similar treatment of necklace: 1267. 250-225 238 (P 6009) Fig. 16, P1.22 E 14:3 P.H. 8.5; Diam. of body 13.0, of rim 12.7. Half of rim and one-fourth of upper body restored; lower body and handles missing. Slightly inclined upper body; slight angle in body below lower scrapedgroove. Checkerboardbetween panels of lattice. Metallic black glaze; miltos. For contemporary use of lattice see 418. Cf. Charitonides 1981, p. 179, pl. 47:rr. 250-225 239 (P 16244) P1.22 N 21:4, lower fill H. 12.7; Diam. of body 12.9, of rim 11.8. One handle, part of other handle, and about one-third of body restored. Broad, flat restingsurface;convex underside. Body horizontally faceted. Ivy-leaf thumb rest. Spearhead necklace with ties at ends. Band consists of four lines, alternatelywhite and orange; white dots at tips of spearheads, which are attached by incised zigzag. Dull black glaze. For incised zigzag see 833. 250-225 240 (P 16240) P1.22 N 21:4, lower fill H. 12.3; Diam. of body 12.8, of rim 11.7. One handle, part of the other, one-third of body, and half of foot restored. Parts of three clamps from ancient repair. Narrow, outwardly beveled resting surface; convex underside. Two scraped grooves below rim. Ivy-leaf thumb rests.

267

Opposing ivy garland. Straight main stem, leaves on stems alternate with white dot rosettes. Dull black-to-redglaze, stacking line. 250-225 241 (P5781) Fig. 16, P1.22 E 14:1, lower fill H. 10.2; Diam. of body 10.7, of rim 9.8. One handle restored. Flaring ring foot with angular profile; outwardly beveled resting surface (no wear); pointed underside. Ivy-leaf thumb rests. Grapevinewith straightwhite stem, leaves alternatewith white dot rosettes. Metallic black glaze, peeling on one side, with stackingline. Leaves similar to those on 244; cf. also 208, 209, 363, 1319. 250-225 242 (P 16241) Fig 16, P1.22 Rotroff 1994, p. 21, pl. 2:P. N 21:4, lower fill H. 10.8; Diam. of body 11.0, of rim 10.1. Both handles and part of rim and body restored. Grooved resting surface;pointed underside. Body horizontally faceted. Two grooves below rim, the upper one glazed, the lower one scraped. Ivy garland with straight stem abutting vertical lines at ends. Ivy leaves alternate with white dot rosettes. Shiny black-to-brownglaze, stacking line. For decoration cf. I. R. Metzger 1973, no. 85, pp. 59-61, pl. 11. 250-225 243 (P 6308) P1.23 E 14:1, lower fill H. 10.6; Diam. of body 10.4, of rim 9.3. About one-fourth of body restored;handles missing. Broad, beveled resting surface; convex underside. Body horizontally faceted. Ivy garland running right between rows of white dots. Metallic black glaze; finger marksnear bottom. 250-225 244 (P 15167) PI. 23 N 21:4, lower fill H. 10.2; Diam. of body 10.3; est. Diam. of rim 9.6. Handles, one-third of body, and most of rim restored. Broad, beveled resting surface; convex underside. A second scraped groove at lower handle attachment on one side. Grapevine bordered by lines above and below. Undulating white main stem. Dull blackglaze with metallic patches. Graffito ME on underside in very large letters. Fragmentof another vessel, probably also a kantharos,with the same graffitoand from the same deposit: P 15168. Leaves similar to those on 241; cf. also 208, 209, 363, 1319. 250-225 245 (P 5793) P1.23 E 14:1, lower fill H. 9.6; Diam. of body 9.9, of rim 8.9. One thumb rest and fragmentsof rim and wall missing. Broad, beveled resting surface;pointed underside. Ivy-leaf thumb rests. Ivy garland between white lines, with double fillets at ends. Main stem undulating, leaves have no stems. Filletsat ends have white dots at top. Metallicorange-to-brown glaze. 250-225

268

CATALOGUE

246 (P 16242) PI. 23 N 21:4, lower fill H. 10.3; Diam. of body 10.4, of rim 9.3. One handle, part of rim, and about one-fourth of body restored. Beveled resting surface; convex underside. Ivy-leaf thumb rests. Pair of antithetical leaping dolphins flankinglarge white dot rosette; wave pattern of white wavy line above diagonal strokes,the lower parts covered by a white band; two lines with row of white dots between them. Metallic black glaze. By the same hand: 247. Similar decoration also on 1147. 250-225 247 (P 22367) PI. 23 Area K 6, lot H 135 (3rd-centurycontext) P.H. 4.2. Single fragment of rim. Scraped groove below rim and at bottom of fragment. Dolphin leaping left towardswhite dot rosette;spiralwave pattern running left, its lower part covered by a white band; two lines with row of white dots between them. Metallic black glaze. By the same hand: 246. Similar decoration on 1147. 250-225 248 (P 5794) Fig. 16, P1.23 E 14:1, lower fill H. 10.1; Diam. of body 9.7, of rim 8.9. About one-fourth of body restored. Broad, flat resting surface (no wear); convex underside. Body horizontally faceted. Ivy-leaf thumb rests. Spearhead necklace hung in two catenaries,with ties at ends. White wavy vertical tie or fillet hangs down at center. Band is one white and two orange lines. On A, white dots at tips of spearheads. On B, spearheads originally white (now almost invisible)and accented with two rows of white dots. Metallic black glaze; finger marksat bottom. 250-225

Half of rim and large parts of body restored. Beveled resting surface;pointed underside. Ivy-leaf thumb rests. Checkerboardbetween panels of concentric rectangles. Metallic red glaze, stacking line. 225-210 252 (P 31403) Fig 17, P1.23 AreaJ 2, lot BE 886 (2nd- and Ist-century context) H. 12.7; est. Diam. of body 12.0, of rim 10.1. Complete profile, with all of foot preserved; about half of wall and one handle missing. Scraped groove between moldings of foot and in resting surface; convex underside. Offset at base of body. Two scraped grooves at lower handle attachment and below rim. Rectangular thumb rest with small spur below. Dolphins (originally four?) leaping in opposite directions, with white dot rosette in center; alternating double hoops and leaves, with white dot rosettes above hoops and white dots within hoops; two lines with row of white dots between them. Torch on thumb rest. Shiny brown-to-ocherglaze, stacking line. For torch cf. 306. 225-210 253 (P 18695) Fig. 17, P1.24 M 21:1 H. 13.6; Diam. of body 17.2; rest. Diam. of rim 16.0. Largepartsof rim, wall, and undersideand strapsof handles restored. Flaring ring foot with angular profile; beveled resting surface; convex underside. Two scraped grooves below rim. Rectangular thumb rests. Five panels, alternating concentric rectangles and checkerboard, with panel of rectangles in center. On thumb rests, union jack with white dot in each triangularpanel and at center. Shiny black glaze. 225-210

249 (P 19712) Fig. 16, P1.23 P 10:2, lower fill H. 10.2; Diam. of body 10.0, of rim 9.1. One handle and half of upper body and rim restored. Flaring ring foot running smoothly into body; flat resting surface; pointed underside. Body horizontally faceted. Ivyleaf thumb rests. A (B missing): spearhead necklace with white(?) dots at tips of spearheads. Band is one white and two orange lines. Dull black-to-brownglaze. 250-225

254 (P 22980) P1.24 H-K 12-14 P.H. 6.5; L. of thumb rest 4.2. Handle and part of rim. Slightly flaring rectangular thumb rest, with spur below. Thunderbolt on thumb rest; union jack on vertical section of handle; parallel lines on spur. Shiny black glaze. Similar:P 25498. Cf. Charitonides 1981, pp. 176, 179, 181, pls. 43:8, 46:7), 48:a. A similar thunderbolt appears on the rim of 832. 225-210

250 (P 5790) P1.23 E 14:1, lower fill H. 14.3; Diam. of body 12.2, of rim 11.4. One handle, part of the other, and one-third of rim and body restored. Broad, beveled resting surface;pointed underside. Ivy-leaf thumb rests. Leaves alternating with white dot rosettes;wave pattern of white wavy line over diagonal slashes;two lines with white dots between them. Metallic gray glaze above, reddish brown below. Possiblyby same hand as 260 and 306. 225-210

255 (P 18696) P1.24 M21:l P.H 10.0; rest. H. I 1.1; Diam. of body 12.2, of rim 11.9. Foot, one-fourth of body, and part of one handle restored. Comic-mask thumb rests: slave with low hair roll, wreath, beard, and mouth trumpet. Spurs below. Checkerboard between concentric rectangles. Dull black-to-brown glaze; miltos. Similar: P 316, P 11438 (E 5:2, lower fill), P 22185 (Q-R 10-11:2). Same profile but smaller:274. 225-210

251 (P6307) E 14:1, lower fill H. 10.7; Diam. of body 10.3, of rim 9.2.

256 (P 18697) Fig. 17, P1.24 M21:1 H. 11.6; Diam. of body 12.8; rest. Diam. of rim 12.0.

P1.23

HEI,LLENISTICKANTHAROS About half of rim and upper body and most of one handle restored. Outwardly beveled resting surface;convex underside. Two scraped grooves below rim. Rotelle thumb rests. Decoration as 253. Asteriskson ends of rotelles. Dull black, brown, and red glaze, partly missing; miltos. Similar: P 28755 (P 21:4). Similar handles: P 99. 225-210 257 (P 11237) Fig. 17, P1.24 B 13:7, bottom fill H. 11.2; rest. Diam. of body 10.9; Diam. of rim 9.3. One handle and about half of body restored. Narrowfoot; flatrestingsurface;pointed underside. Bulging body with greatest diameter just below handle attachments. Body horizontally faceted. Comic-mask thumb rests: slave(?) with fairly long beard and round mouth trumpet. Spearhead necklace with ties at ends. Band is one white and one orange line; dots at tips of spearheads. Shiny brown-to-blackglaze, mostly missing outside. Mask similar to that on 259. 225-210 258 (P 25991) Pls. 24, 141 Webster 1960, C 13, p. 283, pl. 68; Webster 1969, AV 6, p. 57. F 17:3, middle fill H. 11.2; Diam. of body 10.6, of rim 9.3. Complete except for chips. Shape as 257. Slave-maskthumb rests:wide trumpet, low hair with striations in side locks, bulging eyes, knitted brows. Spearhead necklace flanked by pairs of knotted fillets. Band is one orange and one white line. Shiny blackglaze, peeling on one side; finger marksnear foot; miltos. Similar necklace: 213, 357, 358, and 1178. 225-210 259 (P 26053) P1.24 Webster 1960, p. 283, under C 11; Webster 1969, p. 56, under AV 4. L 17:7 H. 10.5; Diam. of body 10.1, of rim 8.6. Part of lower wall missing. Beveled resting surface. Otherwise shape as 257. Comicmask thumb rests: slave with receding hair and round mouth trumpet. Olive garland running left with white wavy line painted over it. Shiny black-to-brownglaze. Mask similar to that on 257. 225-210 260 (P 6306) Pls. 24, 141 E 14:1, lower fill H. 11.3; Diam. of body 11.2, of rim 9.6. Parts of body, rim, and foot restored. Beveled resting surface; convex underside. Body as 257. Comic-mask thumb rests: slave with low hair roll, triangular mouth trumpet, and slightly pointed beard. Ivy leaves; wave pattern of white wavy line over diagonal slashes; line partly overpaintedwhite. Pairs of knotted fillets at ends. Shiny black glaze. Possiblyby same hand as 250 and 306. 225-210 261 (P 11681) N 18:3

Fig. 17, P1.24

269

H. 13.0; Diam. of body 12.3, of rim 10.1. One handle, half of rim, and one-third of body restored. High, narrow foot; flat resting surface; nippled underside. Comic-maskthumb rest:slavewith pointed beard and receding hair. Wave pattern of white wavy line over diagonal slashes based on two lines. Dull brown glaze, black below stacking line. Similar shape and decoration: P 10772. Same mask type on 263 and 264 (see also Webster 1978, Types K, N, pp. 18-19). 225-210 262 (P 28441) P1.24 P 20:2 H. 12.7; Diam. ofbody 12.0, of rim 10.7 Partsof rim and body restored. Very broad, flat resting surface; rough, nippled underside. Offset at base of body; body horizontally faceted. Ivy-leaf thumb rests. Ivy garlandframedby white line above and below and orange verticals at ends. Double undulating main stem; leaves have no stems. Dull brown glaze, red below stacking line; miltos. For decoration cf. 266. 225-210 263 (P2860) Fig. 17, PI. 25 H. A. Thompson 1934, A 30, p. 319, fig.5; AgoraXII, p. 123, note 71; Rotroff 1990a, p. 177, pl. 24:2, left. G 13:4, lower fill (Group A) H. 11.6; Diam. of body 10.4, of rim 9.2. About half of body restored. Beveled resting surface; concave underside. Comic-mask thumb rests: slave with pointed beard. No decoration preserved. Pale, soft, slightly micaceous fabric (7.5YR 7/4); glaze missing from body, traces of dull gray glaze remain on handles. Very similar in all respects to 264; mask type also appears on 261. For fabric see also 592. 225-210 264 (P 16218) Fig. 17, P1.25 Rotroff 1990a, p. 177, pl. 24:2, center; Rotroff 1994, p. 19, pl. 1:e. N 21:4, middle fill H. 11.4; Diam. of body 10.8, of rim 9.4. One handle and over half of body restored. Shape and handles as 263. Incised decoration: spiral wave running right above two straight lines and one wavy line, flanked by diagonal lines with pairs of parentheses at top. Vertical lines at sides. Fabric like that of 263 but somewhat harder (7.5YR 7/4); glaze almost completely missing, traces of dull black preserved. Incised Wave Group. Fordecorationsee 265 and 268 and others mentioned there. Same mask type as 261 and 263. For fabric see 592. 225-210 265 (P 11668) Fig. 17, P1.25 M 20:4, lower fill H. 13.1; Diam. of body 10.8, of rim 9.6. One handle and half of body restored. Shape and handle as 263. A: incised spiral wave pattern running right, filled in with white below and based on three incisedhorizontallines. Inciseddiagonal lines at ends, those on right with white dot rosette at top and two white filletshanging

270

CATALOGUE

down. B: wreath flanked by diagonal branches and probably pairs of knotted fillets. Fabricranges from pink (7.5YR 7/4) to reddish yellow (SYR 7/6); shiny black glaze, peeling. Incised Wave Group. For decoration of side A see 264. 225-210 266 (P 11437) P1.25 E 5:2, lower fill H. 15.5; Diam. of body 12.1; est. Diam. of rim 10.8. Over half of upper body of rim and part of lower body restored;handles missing. High, flaring molded foot; beveled resting surface;pointed underside. Scraped groove above lower handle attachments. Decoration preservedonly on one side: ivy garlandwith white, wavy stem, bordered by white line above and below. Leaves have no stems. Pink fabric (7.5YR 7/4); dull black glaze, mostly missing. Closely similar:P 28438 (P 20:2). Fabric and glaze like 263, 264, 285. Decoration like 262. Ca. 210 267 (P 28178) Fig. 18, P1.25 F 17:4 H. 16.9; Diam. of body 11.5; est. Diam. of rim 10.1. Part of lower wall and most of upper wall restored;handles missing. Tall, narrow foot; grooved resting surface; pointed underside. Scraped groove high on body and below rim. Only one side of decoration preserved:incised spiral wave pattern running right, based on two straight and one wavy line, with one diagonal line preservedat left. Shiny glaze, mottled black to brown, partly missing. Incised Wave Group. Closely similar and from same deposit: P 28179, P 28180. Ca. 210 268 (P 25436) Fig. 18, P1.25 O 16:3 H. 16.3; Diam. of body 10.8, of rim 8.7. One handle restored; part of thumb rest missing on other handle. High, narrow, flaring foot with deep groove in outer face; grooved resting surface;deeply recessed, flat underside. Slender profile with greatest diameter above half height, upper body constricted. Scraped groove well above lower handle attachment. Comic-mask thumb rest. Decoration in incision and white: spiralwave pattern filled in with white below, based on three lines. At ends, one diagonal line with pair of parentheses, then two more diagonal lines. First diagonal line has white dot rosette at top and two white fillets hanging down towards inside; area between parentheses white. Shiny black glaze, half missing. Incised Wave Group. Similar shape and decoration: 269, 270, P 28526 (Shear 1973, p. 156, note 79, pl. 33:f), P 28638-P 28640 (all from P 21:4), P 31800 (N 21:4, lower fill) (Rotroff 1991, nos. 70-77, p. 87, fig. 14, pl. 33), P 20919 and P 31742 (AgoraXXVII, nos. 216, 218, p. 197, pl. 50, [Q8-9]), P 22927 (H-K 12-14), P 25555 (H 6:4), and P 11440 (E 5:2, lower fill). 210-200 269 (P 25437) Fig. 18, Pls. 25, 141 Rotroff 1991, no. 70, p. 87, fig. 14, pl. 33.

O 16:3 H. 19.0; Diam. of body 11.6, of rim 9.2. One handle and small pieces of body restored. Underside deeply concave with nipple; otherwise shape and decoration as 268. Thumb rest is slave mask with low hair, raised eyebrows,triangularbeard, and mouth trumpet. Shiny black glaze mottled to red and peeling, stacking line. For comparanda see 268. Incised Wave Group. 210-200 270 (P 28523) Fig. 18, Pls. 25, 141 Shear 1973, p. 156, note 79, pl. 33:g. P21:4 H. 17.9; Diam. of body 11.1, of rim 9.2. Chips of foot and body missing. Shape as 268. Decoration the same but with white dot instead of dot rosette at top of diagonal line. Comic-mask thumb rests with high hair, receding hairline at temples, long, pointed beard, and mouth trumpet. Metallic black glaze. Incised Wave Group. Execution of decoration very similar on P 28526 and 265. Handle maskfrom same mold on P 28526 (P 21:4) and P 28180 (F 17:4). For other comparanda see 268. 210-200 271 (P6878) Fig. 18, Pls. 26, 27 ILV,July 18, 1936, p. 120, fig. 18; Shear 1937, pp. 374-376, fig. 39; Buschor 1940, p. 263, fig. 281; Picard 1952; Moreno, 1964-1965, p. 53; AgoraXII, p. 24, note 51; Charbonneaux, Martin, and Villard 1973, p. 159, fig. 161; Lang 1974, p. 14, figs. 63, 64; H. A. Thompson 1976, pp. 263-264, fig. 139; AgoraXXI, G 21, p. 55, pl. 31; LIMC II, p. 647, pl. 469 (L. Kahil); Brule 1987, p. 314; H. A. Thompson 1990, p. 262; Kahil 1991. D 11:4, lower fill, and D 12:2, lower fill H. 31.7; Diam. of body 37.0, of rim 33.5. One handle and part of the other, and parts of wall and rim restored; over half of underside missing. Surface very pitted, especially on side B. Molded foot in three degrees, with scrapedgroovesbetween lower two moldings; inner face of foot strongly convex. Very narrow, flat resting surface; convex underside. Two grooves with ridge between them at point of lower handle attachment, below main decorative register; another scraped groove further down, below subsidiarydecorative register. Two scraped grooves below rim. Strap handles, flaring handle plates with concave sides and raised edges, knob in center of distal end; spurs below. Painted decoration in upper registeris in orange, with highlights in white, details in dilute glaze. Side A (left to right). 1. Draped figure standing right; possibly Dionysos, more likelya worshiper(the dedicant?). Drapery of lower body visible,with a point of draperyhanging down at right. Trace of paint halfwayup body at right could be extended hand holding some object. 2. Altar with flame burning on top. 3. Column or pillar stands on plinth and supportsrectangularplaque at top. 4. Artemis strides right, spearing panther with long lance held horizontally across her body. Bow and quiver clearly visible behind her right shoulder. She wears a stephane and her hair is drawn back in a bun. Foldsof a cloak are visible over her left arm. 5. Dog wearing brown collar leaps right, attackingpanther. 6. Spotted panther with tail in curlicue leaps left onto the spear of Artemis,which enters his throat. 7. Naiskos consisting of post and lintel and raised base, with small figure elevated

HELF..ENISTICKANTHAROS as though in a niche, standing three-quartersto left, with arms slightly bent; phiale in right hand. Traces of a quiver(?)over left shoulder, and possibly traces of drapery at lower right. A line projects from top of head, possibly a horn or a kalathos. A second projection to right, shown on drawing,now obscured by flakingof glaze. 8. Stag with magnificenthorns stands very erect, facing left. Side B (left to right). 1. Nude, bearded, and probably helmeted figure strides right, spearing animal with spear held diagonally across body. 2. Large animal, probably a lion, leaps left, rearing up almost as high as human figures. 3. Pointed pillar with two horizontal, dish-shaped elements at top. Lacuna. 4. Figure with two arms raised to right, holding a weapon (probably an axe) ready to swing down and to left, probably at boar in front of him. 5. Boar running right in front of figure 4, speared in throat by figure 6. Spear enters his mouth below two curving tusks. 6. Male figure in chitoniskos running left, holding spear horizontally across lower body, driving it into mouth of boar. 7. Dog running left in front of pillar with rectangularplaque at top. All decoration in lower register in white. Running spiral around body. Above, on A, Maltese crosses alternate with starbursts.On B, crosses alternate with bow and quiver. Large pendent palmettes in white below handles, hanging down below lower edge of register. Shiny black glaze, mottled to red on one side and badly peeling; miltos. Graffito on lower body: MevexXi) Atovvuoo xat 'AprTClSt. Graffitowas read as MevoxXiq by Lang (AgoraXXI, G 21, p. 55);J. S. Traill suggests the reading MevexXiq is more likely (perep. September 25, 1991). 250-200 SMALL

272 (P 6309) P1.28 E 14:1, lower fill H. 8.5; Diam. of body 8.9, of rim 8.4. Part of rim and lower body restored. Flaring ring foot; flat resting surface; pointed underside. Scraped groove above lower handle attachment and below rim. Ivy-leaf thumb rests. Olive garland with double stem running right, single ribbons at ends on side A only. Metallic black glaze. Similar: P 16243 (N 21:4, lower fill) and P 14182 (O 20:3, II). 250-225 273 (P 28581) P1.28 Shear 1973, p. 141, note 50. P 6:5 H. 8.3; Diam. of body 8.4, of rim 7.5. About one-fourth of rim and upper wall missing. Molded foot; beveled resting surface; pointed underside. Very round body. Scraped groove at lower handle attachment and below rim. Body horizontally faceted. Comic-mask thumb rests: slave with low hair, receding at temples, knitted brow, triangular beard, and mouth trumpet. Olive garland running right, overpainted with white line. Metallic, gritty glaze, gray to brown. Ca. 225 274 (P6310) E 14:1, lower fill H. 7.7; Diam. of body 8.6, of rim 7.7. One handle and about half of body restored.

PI. 28

271

Very weakly molded foot; beveled resting surface; convex underside. Scraped groove at lower handle attachment and below rim. Comic-maskthumb rest:slavewith low hair, knitted brow, triangular mouth trumpet. Checkerboard flanked by concentric rectangles. Fabric mottled to gray; metallic black glaze, missing on one side; miltos. Cf. 255, same profile but larger. Ca. 225 PI. 28 275 (P 28582) Shear 1973, p. 141 P 6:5 H. 9.3; Diam. of body 8.3, of rim 7.3. Fragmentof rim missing. Flaringring foot; beveled restingsurface;pointed underside. Scraped groove above handle attachments and below rim. Ivy-leaf thumb rests. Wreath flanked by branches placed diagonally,with tops towards center. Stem of wreath heavily overpainted white. Short white strokes run perpendicular to stem of branches, two white filletshang down from inner side. Metallic black-to-brownglaze, red below stackingline, peeling. Proportionslike the larger 250. Ca. 225 RELATED PIECES

276 (P 14332) P1.28 E 15:4 H. 7.1; Diam. of body 7.4, of rim 6.2. Small pieces restored. Raised base with angular profile, concave underneath. Scraped groove at lower handle attachment and below rim. Thick strap handles. Metallic black glaze, brown inside. Identical, from same deposit: P 14333. Cf. AeXT20, 1965, B' 1 [1967], p. 32, pl. 32 (lower center). 150-100 277 (P 15151) PI. 28 N 21:4, middle fill H. 7.1; Diam. of body 8.3, of rim 7.2. One fourth of rim restored. Ring foot; flat resting surface (fresh); convex underside. Squat, rounded body, horizontally faceted. Thick strap handles with irregular knobs for thumb rests. Dull, gritty glaze, mottled to red. For handles cf. 163. 225-175 MOLDEDRIM BLACK

SpurHandle 278 (P 25686 a, b) Fig. 19, P1.28 A 17:3 P.H. 4.8; est. Diam. of rim 12.0. Two nonjoining fragments preserve two-thirds of rim and neck, with trace of shoulder. Rounded shoulder with slight groove at top, differentiated from neck. At right edge of fragment b, beginning of rise to spur handle. Sharply molded rim; inner wall straight. Shiny brown glaze. Cf. 305. Ca. 265 279 (P 19709) P 10:2, lower and upper fill

Fig. 19, PI. 28

272

CATALOGUE

H. 12.9; Diam. of body 12.6, of rim 10.1. Half of rim and large parts of wall restored. Rounded resting surface (worn);convex underside. Flaring rim with taut molded profile;inner wall straight. Slightlyrising spurs with flaring sides. Dull black glaze, stackingline. Cf. Schlorb-Vierneisel 1966, no 188:1, p. 103, pl. 61:5, from Opferstele188, there dated late 4th to early 3rd century. 265-250 280 (P 7763) PI. 28 E 3:1 H. 8.7; Diam. of body 8.2, of rim 7.4. One-fourth of rim and part of foot and body restored. Beveled resting surface; prominent nipple underneath. Slightly flaring rim, inner wall straight. Horizontal spurs with slightly tapering sides. Orange glaze, darker below stacking line. 265-250 281 (P 18706) P1.28 M21:1 H. 13.5; Diam. of body 11.9, of rim 10.3. Two-thirds of rim and large parts of body restored. Flat resting surface; pointed underside. Shallow glazed groove at one-third height. Flaring rim with flaccid molding outside, slightly concave inside. Slightly rising spurs with slightly flaring sides. Shiny black glaze, red to brown inside; finger markson foot. Ca. 250 282 (P6283) Fig. 19, P1.28 E 14:1, lower fill H. 10.4; Diam. of body 9.8, of rim 8.3. One spur chipped, one-third of rim and large parts of wall restored. Foot flaresout in continuous curve from body; rounded resting surface; convex underside. Groove at top of body defines low, concave neck. Rim inclined above molding, concave inside. Sharply rising spurs with flaring sides. Dull red glaze, brown on one side. Rim like that of 287 and 288. 250-225 StrapHandle 283 (P 1821) P1.29 H. A. Thompson 1934, A 34, p. 320. G 13:4, lower fill (Group A) H. 11.3; Diam. of body 10.0, of rim 7.8. Three-fourths of rim and one handle missing;foot chipped. Flat resting surface (worn); nippled underside. Glazed groove at lower handle attachment. Molded rim, very slightly concave inside. Plain handle. Dull, mottled black glaze; finger markson foot. Cf. Braun 1970, nos. 144 a and b, p. 149, pl. 65:1. Ca. 260 284 (P 1822) Fig. 19, PI. 29 H. A. Thompson 1934, A 33, p. 320, fig. 5. G 13:4, lower fill (Group A) H. 11.9; Diam. of body 10.4, of rim 8.0. Partsof rim and wall restored. Beveled resting surface (worn); convex underside. Glazed groove at lower handle attachment. Rim inclined above molding, slightly concave inside. Plain handle. Shiny black glaze, peeling; finger markson foot. Ca. 260

285 (P 1820) P1.29 H. A. Thompson 1934, A 35, p. 320. G 13:4, lower fill (Group A) H. 15.4; Diam. of body 13.0, of rim 10.6. One handle and chips of rim missing. Broad, beveled resting surface (worn); pointed underside. Glazed groove just below lower handle attachment. Rim concave above molding, concave inside. Plain handle. Pale, slightly micaceous fabric (10YR 7/3) with voids and white inclusions;dull grayglaze preservedonly on handles and below stackingline. For fabric see 263, 264, 266. Ca. 260? 286 (P 11240) P1.29 B 13:7, bottom fill H. 12.8; Diam. of body 11.8, of rim 9.5. One-third of rim and large section of wall restored. Flat resting surface; convex underside. Body horizontally faceted. Rim slightly concave above molding, concave inside. Ivy-leaf thumb rests. Dull brown glaze, shiny black on one side. 250-225 287 (P 26008) Fig. 19, PI. 29 F 17:3, middle fill H. 11.6: Diam. of body 10.5, of rim 9.1. One handle, one-third of rim, and large section of body restored. Narrow foot; beveled resting surface; nippled underside. Body horizontally faceted. Rim inclined and slightly concave above molding, concave inside. Ivy-leaf thumb rests. Shiny black glaze, peeling. Rim similar to that of 282 and 288. 250-225 288 (P 19711) PI. 29 P 10:2, lower fill H. 12.0; Diam. of body 11.0, of rim 9.1. All of one handle, lower part of the other, one-third of body, and over half of rim restored. Flat resting surface; pointed underside. Rim as 287. Ivyleaf thumb rests. Dull red glaze, peeling. Rim similar to that of 282. 250-225 289 (P 10438) P1.29 B 13:7, bottom fill H. 9.8; Diam. of body 8.8, of rim 6.9. Foot chipped. Flat resting surface;convex underside. Rim concave above crisp molding, concave inside. Plain handles. Dull blackglaze, peeling on one side. Similar: P 19717 (P 10:2, lower fill). 250-225 290 (P 17984) P1.29 A 18:1, lower fill H. 11.6; Diam. of body 10.6, of rim 8.6. One handle and one-fourth of rim and body restored. Beveled resting surface;convex underside. Resting surface, underside, and part of foot unglazed. Glazed groove below lower handle attachment. Flaring rim, with lip projecting beyond molding; concave inside. Ivy-leaf thumb rests. Shiny black glaze; finger markson foot. 250-225?

HEJ.ENISTIC 291 (P 14169) PI. 29 O 20:3, III H. 10.6; Diam. of body 9.0, of rim 7.7. Chips of rim and body restored;handles missing Flat restingsurface;deeply concave underside. Flaringrim, concave above weak molding, with convex lip; slightlyconcave inside. Shiny black glaze; finger markson foot and lower body. Ca. 225? 292 (P 28641) PI. 29 P21:4 H. 14.7; Diam. of body 13.2, of rim 10.8. Half of one handle and large pieces of wall missing. Beveled resting surface;pointed underside. Nearly straight rim, slightly concave inside. Comic-mask thumb rests:hair in roll over forehead and in two clumps at sides, knitted brow, triangular mouth trumpet. Metallic black glaze, red on foot and inside, stacking line. 225-175 293 (P 28644) Fig. 19, P1.30 P21:4 H. 9.6; Diam. of body 9.0, of rim 7.2. Handles, parts of body, and small chips of rim missing. Slightly angular foot; rounded resting surface;pointed underside. Globular body. Almost vertical rim, with very slight molding; slightly concave inside. Metallic black glaze, thin near foot. 225-175 294 (P 11443) P1.30 E 5:2, lower fill H. 9.1; Diam. of body 8.6; est. Diam. of rim 7.3. Two-thirdsof rim, half of upper body, and handles missing. Flat resting surface; convex underside. Globular body with three shallow glazed grooves at lower handle attachment. Vertical rim. Shiny red-to-blackglaze. 225-175 295 (P 28645) PI. 30 P21:4 H. 8.6; Diam. of body 8.1, of rim 7.0. One handle and half of upper body and rim missing. Slightly angular foot; beveled resting surface; underside rough, with nipple. Glazed groove below lower handle attachment. Rim straight above molding, concave inside. Plain handle. Metallic to dull glaze, black to brown. 225-175 296 (P 11420) P1.30 F 5:1, middle fill H. 14.9; Diam. of body 13.5, of rim 9.0. One handle, one-third of rim, large partsofbody, and center of underside restored. Heavy, angular foot; flat resting surface and underside. Glazed groove at lower handle attachment. Rim inclined above molding, concave inside. Plain handle joins vessel at molding; lid could be accommodated. Metallic black glaze, brown below stacking line. 175-150 297 (P 14360) Fig. 19, P1.30 E 14:6, lower fill H. 11.0; est. Diam. of body 10.2, of rim 8.3 One handle, two-thirdsof rim, and half of body restored.

KANTHAROS

273

Beveled resting surface; pointed underside. Rim vertical above molding, concave inside. Comic-mask thumb rests: knitted brow,mouth trumpet. Dull black glaze, reddishbrown below stacking line. 175-150? 298 (P 21325) Fig. 19, P1.30 Q 12:1, 2nd POU H. 12.6; Diam. of body 11.1, of rim 10.0. One handle and one-fourth of body missing Small foot; flat resting surface; nippled underside. Low, wide, slightly flaring neck set off from body by glazed groove. Rim inclined above molding, which is more like a flange. Plain handle. Dull mottled red glaze, peeling Similar:P 28439 (P 20:2). Cf. AeXt 21, 1966, B' 1 [1968], p. 80, pl. 84:a, found in workshopdebris on Otho Street. Ca. 150 299 (P 8561) PI. 30 E 6:1, lower fill P.H. 14.3; rest. H. 15.0; Diam. of body 13.4; rest. Diam. of rim 10.3. One handle, three-fourths of rim, half of body, and foot restored. Glazed groove below lower handle attachment. Slight offset at top of body defines low, concave neck. Rim nearly vertical above molding, concave inside. Plain handle, attached at molding. Shiny black glaze, reddish brown below stacking line. 175-125 300 (P 19929) PI. 30 D 17:4, lower fill H. 12.9; Diam. of body 11.3, of rim 8.8. Complete except for chips. Heavy foot; beveled resting surface; nippled underside. Glazed groove below lower handle attachment. Flaring neck offsetfrom body by ridge. Rim slightlyinclined above molding, slightlyconcave inside. Plain handles attached below molding. Dull, peeling, black glaze on one side, red on other and below stackingline. 150-100? 301 (P 14415) PI. 30 M 20:1, middle fill H. 13.8; rest. Diam. of body 11.6, of rim 8.7. Handles, three-fourthsof rim, and half of body restored. Rounded resting surface; concave underside with pronounced nipple. Two light grooves at lower handle attachment. Slightly flaring neck offset from body. Rim inclined above molding, which is more like flange; concave inside. Shiny black glaze, mostly missing. Another uninventoriedfragment from same context. Late 2nd to early 1st century WEST SLOPE

302 (P9074) PI. 31 Rotroff 1991, no. 61, p. 82, pl. 30. N 18:3 P.H. 15.0; rest. H. 17.7; Diam. of body 17.0, of rim 15.5. Foot and lower part ofbody, one handle, and parts of upper body and rim restored. Very high shoulder. Scraped groove at and below lower handle attachments. Concave neck. Flaring rim with flange

274

CATALOGUE

below; scraped groove below flange. Handle with ivy-leaf thumb restjoins vessel at flange. Neck: two pairs of antithetical dolphins spaced by white dot rosettes; spiral wave pattern running right, filled in with white below; two lines with row of white dots below. Shoulder: grapevine runningright, accented by rowsof white dots along tendrilsand largerwhite dots within curls of tendrils;between scraped grooves, band of alternating double hoops and leaves, with white dots inside hoops and three or four white dots above hoops; row of white dots. Handle strap: ivy garland running vertically Metallic black glaze; miltos. Related to Shark Group. For hoop pattern cf. 136 and 315. 275-250 303 (P 16237) Fig. 19, P1.31 Rotroff 1990a, p. 177, pl. 24:3, upper row, right; Rotroff 1994, p. 21, pl. 2:a. N 21:4, lower fill H. 15.1; Diam. of body 14.3, of rim 13.3. One handle, underside, and parts of rim and body restored. Molded foot with scraped groove between moldings and at junction with body; slightly concave resting surface. Scraped groove below lower handle attachment and atjunction of body and neck. Straight neck. Plain, slightly flaring rim with scraped groove below. Ivy-leaf thumb rest. Neck: opposing ivy garland with double stem overpainted with white wavy line. Leaves on stems alternate with white dot rosettes. Shoulder: opposing olive garland with white dots at tips of leaves, overpainted with white wavy line. Shiny black glaze; miltos. 250-240? 304 (P 16247) Fig. 19, P1.31 N 21:4, lower fill Rest. H. 10.8; est. Diam. of body 10.0, of rim 8.5. Three-fourths of wall and rim restored;handles missing. Flaring ring foot, projecting and concave in upper surface; beveled resting surface; nippled underside. Globular body with vertical grooves, diagonal grooves below handles; faint groove at top of body. Straight rim. Garland around neck. Shiny black glaze, missing on one side. 250-225

High shoulder. Scraped groove below handle attachments, at junction of body and neck, and below rim molding Rim straight above molding, concave inside. Rectangular thumb restsflankedby knobs;spur below. Rim: grape leaves alternate with white dot rosettes. Neck: olive garland running right. Shoulder:checkerboardflankedby concentric rectangles,with branch at either end. Handles: torch on thumb rests;parallel lines on spurs; on straps, union jack with border overpainted white and white dot rosettes in sections. Metallic black glaze. Possiblyby same hand as 250 and 260. For torch see 252. 225-200 307 (P 18694) Fig. 19, P1.31 M21:1 P.H. 13.5; Diam. of body 19.1; est. Diam. of rim 16.0. Both handles, most of upper body, underside, and part of lower body restored; tiny section preserves close to complete profile of rim, but glaze of lip nowhere preserved. Molded ring foot with scraped groove between moldings; slightlybeveled restingsurface. Squat body with slight offsetat bottom. Scraped groove at half height and at top of body. Low, straight neck. Rim slightly inclined above molding, concave inside. Neck: olive garlandrunning left, with row of white dots above (preservedonly on one side). Body: seven alternating panels of checkerboardand concentric rectangles,with narrow rectangle panel in center; no white visible. Shiny black glaze; miltos. Cf. Braun 1970, no. 171, pp. 153-154, pl. 70:2. Same shape as Watzinger 1901, no. 24, p. 78 and AeXt 20, 1965, B' 1 [1967], p. 32, pl. 33:a, but squatter. 225-200 308 (P 26258) PI. 31 M 18:10 P.H. 6.3; rest. H. 7.8; Diam. of rim 12.4. Half of rim, three-fourthsof upper body, and lower part of one handle restored;lower body missing. Scraped groove atjunction of neck and body and below rim molding. Rim inclined above molding, slightly concave inside. Rectangular thumb rests, spur below. Decoration preserved on one side only. Neck: dotted line. Shoulder: checkerboard flanked by concentric rectangles; no white visible. Handle: unionjack on thumb rest;parallellines on spur;cross on strap. Shiny black glaze; miltos. 225-200

305 (P 14170 a, b) Fig. 19, PI. 31 O 20:3, III P.H. 9.4; est. Diam. of body 22.5, of rim 17.5. Nearly half of rim, strap of handle, and some of upper body preserved,partiallyrestoredin plaster(a);part of another handle strap (b). Glazed groove at bottom of preserved section of wall; scraped groove at junction of lower body and neck and above rim molding. Rim flaresabove molding. Thumb rests(restored as rectangular)flanked by knobs; spur below. Crosses on rim molding. Neck: myrtle garland with thick stem running right. Shoulder:trace of concentric rectangles. Handle strap:X with pointed rays between arms. Shiny black glaze; miltos. Cf. 278. Ca. 225

309 (P 23633) P1.31 M-N 15:1 (2) P.H. 9.6; Diam. of body 13.3, of rim 10.7. Handles, half of rim, and large parts of wall restored; foot and lowest part of body missing. Scraped groove below lower handle attachment, atjunction of neck and body, and below rim molding. Rim inclined above molding, concave inside. Neck: alternating lozenges and white dots. Shoulder: checkerboardflankedby concentric rectangles, with panel containing branch(?)at ends. Shiny black glaze. 225-200

306 (P5816) P1.31 E 14:1, lower fill P.H. 9.2; Diam. of body 13.2, of rim 11.3. Less than half of rim, large parts of body, and part of one handle restored;lower body missing.

310 (P 1577) Fig. 19, P1.31 H-K 12-14 H. 9.5; Diam. of body 9.2; rest. Diam. of rim 7.8. One handle, part of the other, three-fourths of rim, and parts of body restored.

HEMISPHERICAL

CUP AND RELATED SHAPES

Molded foot with scrapedgroove between moldings;irregular, beveled resting surface;pointed underside. Globularbody. Scraped groove below lower handle attachments, at base of neck, and above rim molding. Rim as 309. Comic-mask thumb rests. Neck (preservedon one side only): pseudo bead

275

and reel, with white reel. Shoulder: checkerboardflanked by concentric rectangles. Dull black glaze, brown below stacking line. Similar neck decoration: P 297. 225-200

HEMISPHERICAL CUP AND RELATED SHAPES FEET CUP WITHMOLDMADE

311 (P27986) I11.1, Fig. 20, PI. 32 Shear 1969, p. 392, pl. 103:d;Stella G. Miller 1974, no. 34, p. 234, pls. 32, 49. F 16:8 H. 10.2; Diam. of body 14.6, of rim 14.3. Small parts of wall and one shell foot restored. Rim flat on top and inwardly sloping. Upper body painted in three sections divided by thymiateriawith high, thin bodies, three ranks of volutes above, and alternating leaves and white dots across top; bodies originally white, white dots within above. volutes. 1. Charm necklacewith inscription 'AqppobiTrn Band is single line with row of dots above. Charms attached by two chains, alternate with two chains. Charms include horizontal bars, leaf, and dolphin. 2. Spearhead necklace, with band as on charm necklace. 3. Opposing ivy garlandwith straight main stem, ivy leaves on stems alternating with dot rosettes on stems. Swirl of olive garland on bottom, between feet. Shiny black glaze; miltos. Possiblymade in same shop as 165 and 313. 285-275 312 (P 17406) Fig. 20, PI. 32 C 20:3 P.H. 3.2. Fragment of upper wall. Olive garland running right. Below it, 'Ap[potrT)g]and spearhead necklace with row of dots along top of thin band, dots at tops of spears. Single tie at end. Lustrousblack glaze on outside only; traces of miltos on unglazed interior. Possiblyfrom workshop of Dikeras and EdwardsGroups. Probably by same hand as 109, 120, and possibly 73. For others cups with unglazed interiors see 84. 285-275 P. 32 313 (P 26891, P 31802 a-d) E 3:1 P.H. (a) 9.0, (b) 4.5, (c) 2.2, (d) 2.2; est. Diam. of rim 14.0; max. p. dim. (e: P 26891) 2.2. Five nonjoining sections: part of rim (a, b), wall (c, d), and one moldmade shell foot (e). Below rim, delicate grapevine running right. Shiny black glaze outside, inside unglazed with traces of miltos; miltos in scraped grooves. Possiblyfrom workshop of Dikeras and EdwardsGroups. Perhaps from same shop as 311 and 165. For other cups with unglazed interior see 84. 285-275 314 (P 26882) P1.32 Rotroff 1988b, p. 516, fig. 4; Rotroff 1991, no. 55, p. 81, pl. 29. E 3:1 P.H. 4.0; max. p. dim. 5.5; Th. of wall 0.2.

Fragmentof rim. Dolphin leaping right, with bunch of grapes at right; spiral wave pattern running right, filled in with white below; one line and row of dots. Shiny black glaze. Ptolemy Group. 280-260 315 (P 15130) Fig. 20, P1.32 Rotroff 1991, no. 59, p. 82, pl. 30. F 19:2, upper fill Rest. H. 10.2; rest. Diam. of body 13.2, of rim 13.3. Slightly over half restored; full profile preserved, but feet missing. Applied moldmade feet, probablyshell shaped. Rim flat on top and inwardly beveled. Upper wall: pairs of antithetical leaping dolphins spaced by white dot rosettes; alternating double hoops and leaves, with white dot rosette above each hoop and white dot inside each hoop; two lines with row of dots between. Metallic greenish black glaze. Shark Group. For the decoration see 136. 275-265 316 (P 26839) PI. 32 E 3:1 PH. 3.4; max. p. dim. 5.0. Part of bottom and lower wall, with two feet preserved. Scraped groove below decorative zone of concentric rectangles. Shiny black glaze. An early instance of the rectangle pattern. 270-250 317 (P 26884) PI. 32 E 3:1 P.H. 4.7; est. Diam. of rim 11.0. Fragmentof rim. Scraped groove at bottom of decorated zone. Alternating panels of checkerboards and concentric rectangles. Shiny black glaze. 270-250 NET-PATTERN CUP

318 (P 16222) Fig. 20, P1.32 AgoraXXII, p. 39, note 107; Rotroff 1994, p. 22, pl. 3:8. N 21:4, lower fill P.H. 5.8. Bottom and part of lower wall. Cup rests on low ridge within glazed groove; flat underside. Hemispherical body. Three rows of incised panels preserved, the lowest pentagonal, the next hexagonal. Dull black glaze, red above. 240-225 319 (P 20207) AgoraXXVII, no. 197, p. 193, pi. 48.

P1.32

276

CATALOGUE

Q8-9 Max. p. dim. 6.0. Fragmentof bottom. Slightlyflattenedbottom surroundedby scrapedgroove and ridge; concave underside. Body horizontally faceted. Part of lower row of incised panels. Shiny black glaze. Ca. 225? 320 (P 22942) Fig. 20, PI. 32 M-N 15:1 (4) H. 6.7; Diam. 13.0. About half preserved, with all of profile except center of floor. Cup restson ridge (scrapedor worn) surroundedby scraped groove; convex underside. Hemispherical bowl with two rows of incised pentagons. Two scraped grooves below rim. Dull black glaze, red on lower interior. 200-150 321 (P 19912) Fig. 20, P1.32 D 17:5, upper fill H. 7.2; rest. Diam. of rim 15.3. Over half restored; slightly less than complete profile preserved (center of floor missing). Cup rests on ridge surroundedby scraped groove. Shallow, slightly pointed body. Rim slightly incurved, with scraped groove below. Small pentagons at bottom, elongated hexagons above, squat pentagons at top. Shiny black glaze; miltos. 175-150 322 (P6183) Fig. 20,P1. 32 E 15:4 H. 7.8; est. Diam. of rim 14.0. About one-fourth of body preserved;center of floor missing. Raised ridge surroundedby scrapedgroove providesresting surface. Slightly pointed body with row of incised pentagons at bottom, hexagons in middle, pentagons at top. Slightly incurved rim. Band about 2.0 cm. wide below rim markedoff by one glazed and one scraped groove above and below and painted with pseudo bead and reel, with white reel. Metallic mottled black glaze. Cf. 326 for shape. 180-160? 323 (P5919) Fig. 20, P. 32 Area G 11, lots B 222 and 223 (late Hellenistic to early Roman context), with 836 H. 7.0; Diam. 14.1. About one-fourth restored. Perfectlyhemisphericalbody with scraped circle on bottom and two rows of elongated incised pentagons. Scraped groove below plain rim. Dull black glaze. 150-125 BLACK-GLAZEDHEMISPHERICALCUP

324 (P 16132) Fig. 20, P1.32 G 14:2, middle fill, at 14-15 m. P.H. 7.0; est. Diam. of rim 13.0. Large fragment of rim and wall. Exterior rouletted. Two scraped grooves below rim. Shiny black glaze. For rouletting as wall decoration see 325, 355, 374, 375, 825, 826. Ca. 200

325 (P28194) PI. 32 F 17:4 P.H. 4.2; est. Diam. of rim 15.0. Rim fragment. Two scraped groovesjust below rim and one furtherdown, with area between them rouletted. Dull black glaze; miltos. For rouletting see 324. Ca. 200 326 (P 22190) Fig. 20, P. 32 AgoraXXVII, no. 266, p. 202, pl. 54. Q-R 10-11:1 H. 5.9; est. Diam. of rim 11.0. About one-sixth preserved;center of floor missing. Low ridge surrounded by two scraped grooves provides resting surface. Ovoid body. Two scraped grooves below rim and another furtherdown. Metallic black glaze. Similar:P 14356 (E 14:6 lower fill). Cf. 322 for shape. 180-160 327 (P 605) Fig. 20, P1.32 H. A. Thompson 1934, D 14, pp. 371-372, fig. 56; AgoraXXI, G 19, p. 55, pl. 31. H 16:4 (Group D) H. 7.4; Diam. 15.0. A few fragmentsmissing. Slightly raised, concave bottom surrounded by scraped groove. Hemispherical body with light spirals under glaze, perhaps unintentional. One to two scraped grooves below rim. Shiny red glaze, partly black on rim. Below rim, graffito ZEu;. Mid-2nd century PARABOLIC CUP(NMASTOS) 328 (P 18704) Fig. 20, P1.33 G. D. Weinberg 1961, p. 390; pl. 95:a. M 21:1 H. 7.8; Diam. 16.9. A few pieces restored. Two scraped grooves below rim on outside and inside. Rim slightly offset on inside. Metallic black glaze. Another from same deposit: P 18705. 200-175 329 (P 28532) Fig. 20, P1.33 P21:4 H. 7.8; Diam. 16.7. About half of rim and piece of lower wall missing. Three groovesbelow rim on exterior,the outer two scraped, the inner one glazed. Three scraped grooves below rim on interior. Lustrousblack glaze; miltos. Another from same deposit: P 28528. 200-175 330 (P 16118) Fig. 20, P. 33 G 14:2, middle fill, at 13 m. H. 8.7; Diam. 13.4. Partlyrestored;center of floor missing. Offseton interiorbelow rim, with one scrapedgroove above, two below. Red glaze on outside, red and black inside with zigzag line between colors. Possiblyimported. Cf. Tsakos 1994, p. 53, fig. 8, a Pergamene cup from a well filling deposited ca. 130-125. 150-100?

HEMISPHERICAL CUP AND RELATED SHAPES CUPS OTHERBLACK-GLAZED

331 (P 14304) Fig. 20, P1.33 N 20:7, lower fill H. 10.0; rest. Diam. 17.4. Full profile preserved;three-fourthsrestored. Cup rests on ridge surrounded by groove; slightly nippled underside. Rim beveled on inside, with scraped groove below bevel. Shiny brown glaze outside, metallic black inside; miltos. Cf. P 4002 (H. A. Thompson 1934, C 7, p. 348, fig. 29 [G 6:2]). 175-165 CUP WITH INTERIOR DECORATION TYPE I: STRAIGHTRIM, CONICALPROFILE

WestSlope 332 (P5814) Fig. 21, Pls. 33, 36 Rotroff 1991, no. 22, p. 71, pl. 19. E 14:1, lower fill H. 2.9; Diam. 12.7. Parts of wall restored. Recessed bottom with scraped groove and ridge on underside. Very shallow cup with straightwalls. Six grooves on exterior, beginning 1.5 cm. from bottom. Scraped groove below rim inside. Central moldmade emblem in concave sinking surroundedby two convex moldings painted with crosses and white dots; one scraped groove between them, two surrounding them. Emblem: satyr with pointed ears, ivy garland on head; paint on ears, lips, and garland. Wall: ivy garland with orange leaves painted in outline, on stems, alternating with rectangles of white dots. Lustrousblack glaze. Edwards Group. Cf. especially 1224, Watzinger 1924, G 2, p. 68, pl. 50, and AntikenausBonn,no. 234, pp. 203-204, pl. 108 for decoration. For similar cross border pattern see 138. Shape similar to Patsiada 1990, no. 16, pp. 148-149, fig. 7, pl. 52:y. For other satyr emblems see 379, 381-383; DemetriasI, nos. 133-135, p. 122, pls. 43:3, 5, 7, XIX:1-3; Pagenstecher 1913, p. 59, fig. 70. 275-265 333 (P 747) Fig. 21, Pls. 33, 36 IL, June 25, 1932, pp. 1062-1063, fig. 7; Shear 1933b, p. 26; C. W. Lunsingh Scheurleer 1936, p. 155; Forti 1965, p. 29, pl. V b; Rotroff 1988b, pp. 516-521, figs. 1, 2; Rotroff 1991, no. 53, p. 81, pl. 29. 117:5 H. 5.2; Diam. 17.2. Small parts of wall and rim restored. Cup rests on ridge, underside concave with raised disk. Shallow body, with broad, shallow grooves on exterior from foot to just below rim, getting shallower near rim. Scraped grooves below rim, around center of floor, and at half height of wall form three decorative areas. Emblem: head of Ptolemy turned to viewer's right, wearing kausia,with two curved locks of hair over right ear. Thick neck, heavy brows, large, deep-set eyes. White line above roll of kausia. Inner register: pairs of antithetical leaping dolphins spaced by bunches of grapes;spiral wave pattern running right, filled in with white below; two orange lines with row of dots between them. Outer register:ivy garlandwith orange leaves on individualstems and undulating, discontinuouswhite main stem. Lustrousblack glaze. Ptolemy Group. Cf. 376 for similaremblem but with head turned to viewer's

277

left. For shape cf. Braun 1970, no. 85, p. 140, fig 2, pl. 56:5. 280-260 PI. 33 334 (P 26886) Rotroff 1991, no. 54, p. 81, pl. 29. E 3:1 Max. p. dim. 6.9. Fragment of lower wall, broken all around. Eight shallow grooves on exterior, not contiguous. On interior, two registers separated by scraped groove. Upper register: dolphins flank white dot rosette. Lower register: grapevine runningrightwith dot rosettesand undulatingwhite stem. Shiny black glaze with iridescent patches. Ptolemy Group. 280-260

335 (P26887)

PI.33

Rotroff 1991, no. 56, p. 81, pl. 29. E 3:1 Max. p. dim. 5.3. Wall fragment, broken all around. Nine shallow grooves on exterior, not contiguous. On interior,in registerdefined by scrapedgroove above and below, grapevine running right, with bunch of grapes. Shiny black glaze with iridescent patches. Ptolemy Group. 280-260

336 (P 31875)

P1.33

337 (P 31879 a, b) N 20:6, lower fill

P1.33

M 18:10 Est. Diam. 18.0; max. p. dim. 5.2. Single rim fragment. Plain rim with scrapedgroove inside. Glazed band bounded by reserved band and groove below. Two motifs on glazed band: double cornucopia with top towards medallion of cup, its body originally white, with three sprouts across top and fillets hanging from either side; bunch of grapes with tendrils and leaf. Shiny brown glaze; miltos added to reserved area after painting completed. Dikeras Group. 270-260

PH. (a)2.9, (b)3.1 Two nonjoining sections of rim (a) and wall (b). Very delicate, thin-walled cup with plain rim. Outer wall grooved starting 2.3 cm. below rim. Scraped groove below rim inside. Below this, on fragmenta, very delicate ivy garland runningright, with reservedband below. Below reservedband, on fragment b, bunch of grapes with tendrils and leaf, upside down. Slightly metallic black glaze; miltos. Dikeras Group. 270-260 338 (P 31876)

P. 33

M 18:10

Max. p. dim. 4.2. Wall fragment. Ten ridges on exterior, the lowest two serving as a foot. Scraped groove at top and bottom of preservedsection inside. At right, dolphin leaping right. At left, two white dot rosettes and part of motif in orange. Shiny black glaze. Shark Group. Ca. 275

278

CATALOGUE

339 (P 26885, P 26888 a, b) Fig. 21, P1.33 E 3:1 Max. p. dim. (a: P 26888 a) 6.0, (b: P 26888 b) 5.0, (c: P 26885) 7.0 (not illustrated). Three nonjoining fragments: part of foot and lower body (a and c); wall fragment (b). Cup rests on low ridge. Fragment a preserveseight broad grooves, continuous from foot up, giving the impression of ridging rather than grooving. Grooves become narrowerand shallowerhigher on the wall. Center of floor defined by glazed groove; break suggests there was originally an emblem. In registerbounded by one glazed and one scrapedgroove above, elaborate garlandwith trilobed leaves and tendrilsaccented by rows of dots. Lustrousblack glaze. 275-260 340 (P 26889) Fig. 21, P1.33 E 3:1 P.H. 3.5. Rim fragment. Four shallow grooves on exterior to about 1.5 cm. below rim. Below rim on inside, ivy garland running right, with undulating main stem white. Dull red-to-blackglaze. 275-260 341 (P 16232) Fig. 21, PI. 34 N 21:4, lower fill PH. 6.3; est. Diam. 19.5. About one-fourth of rim and small part of upper body preserved. Fourglazed grooves on interior 3.5 cm. below rim. Scraped groove below rim on inside. Two more scraped grooves divide interior into three decorative zones. Medallion: traces of star. Inner register:parts of two spearhead necklaces. Bands consist of two lines, the upper overpainted white. Incised zigzag line attaches spearheads to band; white dots at tips of spearheads. Outer register: ivy garland running left. Leaves on individual stems alternate with white dot rosettes. Thick main stem accented with white blobs. Metallic grayish black glaze. A twin, from same deposit: P 16232 bis. Possibly by the same hand: 365. For incised zigzag see 833. 240-220 342 (P 859 a, b) Fig. 21, P1.34 Rotroff 1991, no. 47, p. 80, pl. 26. Area G 17 P.H. (a) 4.5; est. Diam. 19.0; max. p. dim. (a) 14.7, (b) 6.7. Two nonjoining sections of rim and upper wall. Nearly straight wall with three sets of grooves on exterior: two below rim; threefurtherdown; one preservedat lower edge of fragment a. Two scraped grooves below rim on interior, one scraped groove below decorated zone. On fragment a: thymiaterion, bunch of grapes, torch, and bunch of grapes, with tops towardscenter of bowl. On fragmentb: lower part of torch. Thymiaterion has broad base from which rises vertical rod with four volutes on either side; flames at top. Lower body painted white, white dots within volutes. Bunch of grapes has three tendrils and one leaf. Flames of torch blow to left; torch accented by white horizontal lines, two white filletshang down at either side. Metallic brown glaze. Related to Dikeras Group. 240-220

P1.34 343 (P 6295 a-d) E 14:1, lower fill Est. Diam. 17.0; max. p. dim. (a) 9.2, (b) 6.8, (c) 6.0, (d) 5.1. Four nonjoining sections preserving small part of rim and wall (a-c) and all of medallion (d). Cup restson low ridge surroundedby broad, shallowgroove; flat underside. Two to three grooves at about half height outside. Scraped groove below rim and around medallion inside. Medallion: asteriskwith white lozenges between rays (now almost invisible). Wall: torches and bunches of grapes, probably alternating, with tops of motifs towards medallion. Fragment b preserves torch flanked by bunches of grapes. Traces of grapes on fragment d and of torch on fragment c. White dots on torch, two white filletshanging from either side. Shiny red glaze, black near rim. Probablyrelated to Dikeras Group. 240-220

344 (P5822)

Fig.21, P1.34

E 14:1, lower fill Rest. H. 9.1; rest. Diam. 23.5. About two-thirdsrestored, including all of lower body. Nearly straightwall, grooved to within 1.0 cm. of rim. Two scraped grooves below rim on inside, with white line below. Wall: filletor olive garlandconsistingofthick band overpainted with white zigzag and with fringe on either side. White line around missing medallion. Metallic black glaze. 240-220

345 (P 21463) P. 34 Area I 12, lots Z 782-784 (Roman context) P.H. 7.3; est. Diam. 20.0. One-sixth of rim and one-fourth of upper body preserved. Seven shallow grooves on lower exterior, not contiguous. On inside, scraped groove below rim and at half height, and two scraped grooves around medallion. Medallion: remnants of star (white rounded petal, incised diagonal line, and orange ray). Inner wall registerpreservespart of two motifs. At right, olive garland with double stem overpainted with white wavy line, white dots at tips of leaves. At left, spearhead necklace with double band overpaintedwith white wavy line, white dots at tips of spearheads, which are attached by incised scallops. Above band, row of olive leaves with white dots at tips. Outer register: ivy garland running left. Undulating, white main stem, leaves on double stems, with white dots in curve of leaf stems. Metallic black glaze. Ivy garland very similar to that on the much later 351. 200-175?

346 (P 18703) Fig. 21, P1.34 M21:1 H. 5.7; Diam. 12.2. Partsof wall and rim restored. Cup restson ridge; convex underside. Seven to eight grooves above foot on exterior. Scraped groove below rim and around medallion inside. Medallion: asteriskwith sixteen alternating orange and white rays. Wall: four olive garlands with double stems; wavy white lines and dots between stems. White dots at tips of leaves. Shiny black glaze; miltos. 200-175

HEMISPHERICAL CUP AND RELATED SHAPES 347 (P 28530) Fig. 21, P1.34 P21:4 H. 2.5; Diam. 10.4. About two-thirds of rim and one-third of upper body missing. Cup rests on broad ridge (no wear) surroundedby groove; nippled underside. Three very slight scraped grooves below rim on inside. Two scraped grooves around medallion, the inner one with miltos. Medallion plain. Wall: orange palmettes and white palmettes alternate with white rectangles of dots. Shiny, gritty,reddish brown glaze. 200-175 348 (P 28758) Fig. 21, PI. 34 P21:4 H. 3.8; Diam. 8.8. Small piece of rim and large pieces of lower body missing. Cup rests on ridge. Eight grooves on lower body outside. Scraped groove below rim and around medallion inside. Medallion: sixteen-pointed starwith alternaterayswhite. Wall:olive garlandwith no stem, runningleft. Dull blackglaze, brown inside. 200-175 349 (P607) Fig. 21, P. 34 H. A. Thompson 1934, D 28, p. 376, figs. 62, 118. H 16:4 (Group D) H. 4.4; Diam. 9.8. Part of rim missing. Concave underside. Two grooves at base of wall, two more at about half height outside. Slight angle in body below rim. Rim inwardlybeveled and slightly offset from wall on interior. Groove around medallion inside. Medallion: cross. Wall: alternating short horizontal line and pairs of white vertical lines. Dull to shiny black glaze. Similar in shape but larger and undecorated: 331, P 4002 (H. A. Thompson 1934, C 7, p. 348, fig. 29 [G 6:2]). Mid-2nd century 350 (P4587) Fig. 21, P. 34 Area E-F 12-13, Hellenistic to late Roman context (no lot) PH. 4.3; est. Diam. of rim 11.0. Small segment of rim and about one-third of upper body preserved;center of floor missing. Plain wall, concave below rim. Rim beveled to inside and slightlyoverhanginginside. No grooveson interior. Medallion: asteriskwith alternating orange and white rays. Lower wall: bead and reel with white reel. Dull black glaze. For decoration cf. 573, 574 of Large Leaf Group 4 and the Mottled Oliver lids 1285 and 1290. Late 2nd or 1st century 351 (P 26038) Fig. 21, PI. 34 0 17:5 H. 4.9; Diam. 11.6. About one-third of rim and body missing. Slightly concave bottom (no wear). Five grooves at base of wall. Scraped groove below rim and around medallion inside. Medallion: star with eight rays alternating with eight white wavy arms. Wall: ivy garland running left with undulating white main stem, leaves on individual stems, white dots within curve of individual stems. Metallic black glaze outside, red in center inside. Ivy very similar to that on 345. 150-100

279

352 (P 10833) Fig. 21, P1.34 Area I 11-12, lots Z 299-306 (Ist-century context) H. 5.0; Diam. 10.0. Most of rim and half of body preserved. Flat bottom surrounded by two grooves. Two grooves at half height outside. Groove below rim and around medallion inside. Medallion: asterisk(nearly invisible). Shiny black-tobrown glaze with double-dipping mark. 2nd century? 353 (P23231) PI. 34 AgoraXXI, M 16, p. 95, pl. 60; Lang 1974, fig. 55. Area N-O 15-16, disturbed Hellenistic context, possibly South Stoa II Building Fill (M-N 15:1) (no lot) Max. p. dim. 3.7. Wall fragment. Exteriorwall plain. Scrapedgroove on interior,abovewhich are part of one panel of lattice and one of checkerboard, all in incision. Shiny black glaze. Graffito sketch of profile head on exterior. 353 is the only example of this pattern on this shape at the Agora, though it appears on a bowl in the Ashmolean Museum said to come from Attica (see p. 56: CVA,Oxford 1 [Great Britain 3], pl. XLVII [139]:16). For other instances of incised lattice see 835. Last quarter of 3rd to 2nd century 354 (P 25627) PI. 34 Area G-K 5-8 Max. p. dim. 3.8. Wall fragment. Two shallow grooves on exterior. On interior, rosette on tendril curling down from above. Tendril overpainted white; petals outlined in white. Center of rosette is incised circle with white dot at center. Traces of more decoration at top of fragment. Shiny black glaze. 2nd half of 3rd to 2nd century BlackGlazed 355 (P 28193) Fig. 21, Pl. 34 F 17:4 P.H. 5.1; est. Diam. of rim. 20.0. Part of rim and upper body, partially restored. Four grooves on exterior, well below rim. Two scraped grooves below rim and one further down on interior. Interior rouletted. Shiny black glaze; miltos. Other examples with rouletted interior:P 19782 (Q-R 1011:3), P 19858, P 28765 (small, from P 21:4); see also 324. Ca. 200? 356 (P 28187) Fig. 21, P1.34 F 17:4 P.H. 4.0. Half of foot and lower wall. Cup rests on low ridge; nippled underside surrounded by ridge. Close-set grooves on exterior. Scraped groove around center of floor inside. Dull black glaze; miltos. Ca. 200? TYPE 2: OUTTURNED RIM, HEMISPHERICAL PROFILE

WestSlope 357 (P 16229) N 21:4, lower fill H. 6.4; Diam. 13.8.

Fig. 22, P1.35

280

CATALOGUE

About one-third of rim and body restored, including center of floor. Cup rests on broad ridge beveled towards inside, slightly worn, within groove; recessed underside. One groove just below rim outside. Medallion: star with alternating large, white, pointed rays and smaller orange ones. Wall: four spearhead necklaces, with tops towards medallion, divided by vertical lines. Band is double line; white dots at tips of pendants. Shiny black glaze, red on bottom. Similar necklace: 213, 258, 358, and 1178. 240-220 358 (P 16228) Fig 22, P1.35 N 21:4, lower fill H. 7.1; est. Diam. 13.0. Full profile preserved;three-quartersrestored. Cup rests on ridge (no wear) with another ridge within it; nippled underside. Groove at base of wall and seven groovesjust below half height outside. Medallion: small eightrayed asterisk with white blobs between rays. Wall: parts of two spearhead necklaces preserved (originallyfour), with tops towards rim. Band is three lines, the top one white; white ties hang down at ends; white dots at tips of pendants. Shiny brown-to-blackglaze. Similar decoration: P 16227 (from same deposit); see also 357. 240-220 359 (P 5796) Fig. 22, P1.35 E 14:1, lower fill H. 6.5; rest. Diam. 14.5. Two-thirdsmissing, including center of floor; restored. Nearly flat underside. Lower body spirally grooved to 3.5 cm. below rim on exterior. Shape of body unusual, more conical than normal for this variety. Medallion: asteriskwith white and orange blobs between rays. Wall: parts of three spearhead necklaces with ties at ends, top towards rim. Band is two lines; white dots at ends of pendants. Metallic black glaze; miltos. 240-220 360 (P 16230) Fig. 22, PI. 35 N 21:4, lower fill H. 7.2; Diam. 13.8. Small parts of wall and rim restored. Nippled underside with spiral. Two grooves at base of wall and three at half height outside. Medallion:starwith eight thin rays and eight pointed white ones. Wall: spearhead necklace with top towards medallion. Band is three lines, the top one white;white dots at tips ofpendants; pendantsjoinedby incised zigzag line. Shiny black glaze. 240-220 361 (P 16226) Fig. 22, P1.35 Rotroff 1994, p. 21, pl. 2:oa. N 21:4, lower fill H. 7.2; Diam. 14.4. Less than half of rim and part of body restored. Cup rests on broad ridge, beveled to inside; convex underside. Two grooves at base of wall, two well-spaced grooves at about two-thirds height outside. One scraped and one glazed groove below rim inside. Medallion: star with sixteen pointed rays, with small tears between them. Wall:opposing olive garland with white wavy line overpainted on stem and white dots at tips of leaves. Shiny black glaze.

Very similar shape and medallion: P 16227 (from same deposit). 240-220 362 (P 16223) Fig. 22, PI. 35 Rotroff 1994, p. 21, pl. 2:a. N 21:4, lower fill H. 6.4; rest. Diam. 12.5. Most of rim and part of wall restored. Recessed underside, convex. Single groove at base of wall, at about one-third height, and below rim outside. Medallion: eight-rayedasteriskwith white lozenges and dots between rays. Wall: grapevine. Leaves alternate with white dot rosettes, white dots within tendrils. Shiny black-to-brownglaze. 240-220 363 (P 16224) Fig. 22, PI. 35 Rotroff 1994, p. 21, pl. 2:a. N 21:4, lower fill H. 6.4; Diam. 13.5. Less than half restored. Cup rests on wide ridge; nippled underside. Twelve spiral grooves above foot. Medallion: star with six thin rays alternating with six broad, pointed white rays. Wall: grapevine bordered by line above and below. Undulating white main stem; leaves alternate with rows of white dots. Metallic black glaze, red inside. For similar leaves see 208, 209, 241, 244, 1319. 240-220 364 (P 16225) Fig. 22, P1.35 N 21:4, lower fill H. 6.9; est. Diam. 12.5. Over half restored. Slightly convex underside. Two grooves at base of wall, one just below half height, two below rim on outside. Two to three scraped grooves below rim inside. Medallion: sixteen-petaled rosette with alternating orange and white petals. Wall: ivy garland. Main stem slightly undulating, discontinuous, partly overpainted white; leaves on stems alternate with white dot rosettes. Shiny black glaze. 240-220 365 (P6293) Fig. 22, P1.35 E 14:1, lower fill P.H. 6.7; est. Diam. 16.5. Small section of rim and upper wall. Three grooves below rim outside. Ivy garland. Main stem is two lines with white line between them; leaves on stems alternate with white dot rosettes. Metallic black glaze, red on lower interior. Possiblyby the same hand: 341. 240-220 366 (P 16231) Fig. 22, P1.35 N 21:4, lower fill H. 6.8; rest. Diam. 13.1. Center of floor and most of rim and upper wall restored. Nippled underside. Four grooves at base of wall, three on upper wall outside. Medallion: sixteen-pointed star with alternatinglong, thin rays and short, pointed white ones. Wall (tops of motifs towards center): alternating leaf and white dot rosette; wave pattern of diagonal strokeswith white wavy line above; two lines with row of white dots between them. Metallic black glaze. 240-220

HEMISPHERICAL

CUP AND RELATED SHAPES

281

367 (P 6294 a, b) P1.35 Rotroff 1991, no. 15, p. 70, pl. 17. E 14:1, lower fill P.H. (a) 5.1, (b) 4.6; est. Diam. 13.0. Two nonjoiningsections preservingabout one-fourthofrim. Plain wall, horizontally faceted. Top of painted motifs toward medallion. Dolphins leaping right, with white dot rosette in field; spiral wave pattern running right, filled in with white below; three lines, the lowest white. Metallic blackglaze. By the same hand as 416 and 831. Dolphin similar to that on 415 of the Bracket Leaf Group but not by same hand. 240-220

PI. 36 372 (P 13682) G 5:3, lower fill Max. p. dim. 13.6. Part of lower body. Eight grooves on exterior, more widely spaced as they approach rim. Medallion: asteriskwith short, broad white petals with zigzag streamers on ends in between rays. Wall: wheat garlandwith individualstrandsof beard incised and white tendril branching off from main straight stem. Shiny black-tobrown glaze outside, dull mottled brown to red inside. Wheat very similar to that on 603. 200-175

368 (P 9046) Fig. 22, PI. 35 E 5:2, lower fill H. 8.7; est. Diam. 17.0. Floor, two-thirds of wall, and four small nonjoining fragments (not illustrated)preserved;most of rim missing. Cup restson ridge; convex underside. Eighteen grooves run from base to within 1.5 cm. of rim. Medallion: sixteen-rayed asterisk with white tears between rays. Wall: ivy garland on one side, grapevine on other, divided by torch with top towards medallion. Main stem of garlandsis two lines with white wavy line between them; leaves on stems alternate with white dot rosettes. White dots on torch and two white fillets hanging down on either side. Pale, pink fabric (7.5YR 7/4); dull black glaze, peeling, brown on underside. 220-200

BlackGlazed 373 (P 20818) PI. 36 M21:l Max. p. dim. 4.7. Fragmentof bottom. Small scraped circle at center of underside, from which radiate pointed lotus petals, incised before glazing. Parts of five petals preserved (originally twelve?). Scraped groove at about half height of petals; two glazed grooves farther from foot. Traces of furthermotifs above, possiblymore lotus petals. Medallion on inside surrounded by scraped groove. Incised flower,probablywith six lotus petals, with rays between them. Metallic black glaze. Ca. 225?

369 (P 11538) Fig. 22, PI. 36 E 5:2, lower fill P.H. 7.9; Diam. of rim >15.0. Rim and most of upper wall missing. Cup restson ridge surroundedby groove; nippledunderside. Spirallygrooved to about half height (six grooves). Medallion: rosettewith alternatingwhite petals and orange rays,white dot in center. Wall: parts of three spearhead necklaces with tops towardsrim (probablyoriginallyfour). Band is four alternating orange and white lines, with three ties at ends; white dots at tips of pendants. Metallic black glaze. 220-200

374 (P 8994 a, b) Fig. 22, P1.36 E 5:2, lower fill Max. p. dim. (a) 10.0, (b) 11.0. Fragmentof wall and rim (a) and part of wall and medallion (b). Five grooves on exterior,beginning 4 cm. below rim. Shallow glazed groove below rim inside. Scraped groove around medallion on interior. Interior wall rouletted. Rouletting stops 0.9 cm. before the break on fragment b, about 2 cm. inside scraped groove. Shiny black glaze. Other hemisphericalcups with rouletted interiorfrom same context: P 8990, P 8991, P 8993, and 375. See also 324. Ca. 200

370 (P 18702) Fig. 22, P1.36 M 21:1 Rest. H. 8.3; P.H. 7.8; Diam. 15.3. Bottom, one-fourth of wall, and half of rim restored. Part of one groove preservedat base of wall, two just below half height, and one nearer top of wall. Medallion: trace of orange and white star. Wall: alternating wreath and branch (originally four of each), with tops towards rim. Stem of wreath overpainted white, two white fillets at bottom, white dots around edges. Three white fillets hang from branch. Shiny red glaze, black inside. 220-200

375 (P 28191) Fig. 22, P1.36 F 17:4 P.H. 3.9; max. p. dim. 8.0. Part of foot and lower wall. Low ring base with rounded resting surface. Underside concave at edge, with low ridge around central concavity. Scraped groove around interior medallion, with rouletting above, and for about 0.5 cm. within groove. Center of floor is not rouletted. Dull black glaze. For comparanda see 374. Ca. 200

371 (P 19771) Fig. 22 P-R 6-12 H. 7.0; Diam. 14.0. Full profile, but little of wall preserved;restored. Cup rests on ridge, within which is concave raised disk. Groove at base of wall. Lower two-thirds of body spirally grooved. Rim nearly straight. Medallion: eight-rayed asterisk in white. Wall: traces of wreathswith white stems, tops towards rim. Metallic brown glaze, red on bottom; miltos. 200-190?

EMBLEMS

376 (P 16626) Ptolemy P1.36 Rotroff 1988b, p. 516, fig. 3; Rotroff 1991, no. 57, p. 81, pl. 29. Area B 22, lot NN 127 (3rd-centurycontext) Max. p. dim. 7.0; H. of emblem 2.9. Bottom and part of lower wall preserved. Concave undersidewith central raiseddisk. Conical profile; five grooves preserved on exterior. In center of floor, within scraped groove and ivy garland running left is male head

282

CATALOGUE

turned to viewer's left. He wears kausiaand has heavy brow and large, deep-set eyes. Two curled locks of hair over left ear. Shiny black glaze. Ptolemy Group. See 333 for the same portrait, reversed. 275-260 377 (P 24038) Old woman P1.36 H-K 12-14 Max. p. dim. 3.9; H. of emblem 3.1. Emblem and small trace of wall. Resting surface is a ridge, with another ridge within it; convex underside. Head of old woman with curly hair parted in center. Deep-set eyes with bags under them; thin, wrinkled cheeks. Small lump of clay obscures left jaw. Paint on hair, eyebrows,eyelids, and mouth. Metallic black glaze. From same mold, P 7521 (from modern fill at D 6); for type cf. T 1345 (D. B. Thompson 1965, no. 3, p. 71, pl. 21 [M 18:2]), which is larger. Ca. 240? 378 (P 1511) Dionysos P1.36 H-K 12-14 Max. p. dim. 4.0. Half of foot of cup, with face and part of hair of emblem. Very shallow cup rests on ridge surrounded by scraped groove. Fourgrooves preservedon exterior. Head of Dionysos turned to viewer's right. Fillet across forehead, with two small spheres (fruit?) flanked by two larger ones above it. Thick, curly,ropelike hair visible above and to right of face. Leaves(?) and broad fillet to right of face. Lustrousblack glaze. Similar, but smaller, is 1703, from a pitcher, probably imported. For head with heavy locks and garland, cf. Pagenstecher 1913, p. 59, fig. 71. For heads with brow fillets on emblems, see Studniczka 1919, pp. 117-118, figs. 15, 16. See Barr-Sharrar1987, C 79-C 94 bis, pp. 52-56, pls. 26-30 for bronze Dionysos emblems; C 80-C 82, C 84-C 86 have similar fillet and fruits;see TC 5, p. 116, pl. 62 for Dionysos emblem on clay pyxis lid. Ca. 240? 379 (P 22863) Satyr P1.36 H-K 12-14 Max. p. dim. 6.3. Bottom and trace of wall; hole on underside, perhaps exploded in kiln. Cup rests on broad ridge (no wear); flat underside. Four groovespreservedon exterior. Emblem within scrapedgroove. Head of satyrlooking to viewer'sleft. Two locks over forehead, ivy leaves in hair, pointed ears. Swirl of drapery at left. White and orange paint on hair, ivy leaves, eyes, mouth, clasp of cloak, and drapery. Very metallic black glaze. For satyr emblems see 332 (with additional comparanda), 381-383. Ca. 240? 380 (P 9404) Pan PI. 36 Richter 1962, no. 3, pp. 1325-1326, pl. CCLIX: fig. 5. K 18:2 Max. p. dim. 8.5. Floor and part of wall. Cup rests on ridge; slightly convex underside. Conical profile; five grooves preserved on exterior. Emblem surrounded by two to three scraped grooves. Bust of Pan, with head turned

to viewer's right. Two horns grow from forehead. Ivy leaves over hair. Nebris worn over shoulders, the legs knotted over breast. A curved object, possibly a lagobolon, behind left shoulder. Paint on horns, ivy leaves, eyebrows, mouth, and knot of nebris. Metallic black glaze; miltos. Same figure but larger than 381; from same mold as 1356. Courby calls the type juvenile satyr (Courby 1922, no. 10, pp. 230-231). The best parallel is Pagenstecher 1913, p. 59, fig. 70 (called a satyr,but with horns). Cf. also Richter 1958, p. 375, fig. 28, pl. 93, a mold from the Chersonese; BarrSharrar1987, C 95, pp. 56-57, pl. 31, a bronze South Italian(?) Pan, and TC 6, p. 116, pl. 63, a pyxis lid with young satyr,a lagobolon clearly visible behind his shoulder. For a complete cup with "juvenilesatyr" type (without horns), see Watzinger 1901, no. 31, pp. 81-82. 240-200 381 (P 15395) Satyr orPan P1.37 D-E 15:1 Max. p. dim. 6.9. Floor of cup, with most of emblem preserved;partlybroken at left. Cup rests on ridge (very worn) with ridge within it, all surrounded by groove; convex underside. Exterior spirally grooved; eight grooves preserved. Emblem within scraped groove bordered by row of white dots. Bust of satyr or Pan looking to viewer's right. Pointed ears; parallel ridges on top of head may be horns. Ivy leaves on head. Nebris worn over shoulder and knotted over breast (hoof clearly visible at right). Knobby object over left shoulder. Paint on horns, ivy, ears, and cloak, and a nimbus of short, radiatingstrokesabove head (now nearly invisible). Two tiny holes pierced above head of satyr for suspension. Metallic brown glaze. From same mold: P 11442 (E 5:2, lower fill). Same head as 382 but smaller. For satyr emblems see 332, 379, 382, 383. 240-200 382 (P22213) SatyrorPan PI. 37 Richter 1962, no. 1, p. 1325, pl. CCLIX: fig.3; AgoraXXVII, no. 222, p. 198, pl. 51. Q8-9 Max. p. dim. 6.2. Bottom and part of wall. Cup rests on ridge; convex underside. Conical profile, with five grooves preserved on exterior. Emblem within two scraped grooves. Head of satyr or Pan looking to viewer's right. Horns(?),ivy and oak leaves in hair, pointed ears. Paint on horns, leaves, ears, mouth. Shiny brown glaze. Same head as 381 but larger. For satyr emblems see 332, 379, 381,383. 240-200 383 (P8898) Satyr P1.37 Richter 1962, no. 2, p. 1325, pl. CCLIX: fig. 4. Area T 24, lot OA 206 (Hellenistic to Roman context) Max. p. dim. 6.2. Bottom, with most of emblem. Cup rests on ridge with another ridge within it; nippled underside. Conical profile, with five grooves preserved on exterior. Emblem within two scraped grooves with white dots between them. Head of satyr turned to viewer's right. Thick hair, probably with ivy leaves in it, pointed ears. Paint on

HEMISPHERICAL CUP AND RELATED SHAPES hair, ears, eyes, mouth, and in lines beside neck, as though indicating shaggy fur. Metallic black glaze. For satyr emblems see 332, 379, 381, 382. 240-200 384 (P 8992) Kissing couple P1.37 E 5:2, lower fill Max. p. dim. 7.6; H. of emblem 5.1. Floor of cup with emblem, broken all around. Cup rests on ridge (worn);convex undersidewith spiral. Six groovespreservedon exterior. Emblem within scrapedgroove. Busts of two figures kissing. Female (Ariadne or maenad?) on right with naked left shoulder; trace of drapery or left hand of her partner on her right shoulder. Hair parted in center on crown, with fillet across top of head. Thick curls, perhaps garland, over forehead. On left, male (Dionysos?),with V of garment visible on chest. Thick roll of hair over forehead, with garland of fruit and leaves above. Female's right hand visible on male's right cheek. Metallic black glaze. Smaller and reversed: 385. Probably from the same or a closely relatedmold is Courby 1922, no. 15:B,p. 234, pl. VIII:b (fromDelos). Cf. also Alt-AginaII, i, no. 666, p. 83, pl. 50; BarrSharrar 1987, TC 55-TC 63, pp. 136-138, pl. 68, the closest of which is TC 55. 240-200 385 (P 15256) Kissing couple P1.37 A-B 19-20:1 Max. p. dim. 5.8; W. of emblem 4.6. Emblem only, very battered. Cup restson ridge within scrapedgroove;convex underside. Like 384 but reversed and smaller, and no hand on male figure'scheek. Shiny black glaze. Probably from same mold as P 26074 (O 17:7, lower fill). Cf. Alt-AginaII, i, no. 665, p. 83, pl. 50. 175-150 386 (P 20910) Winged(?)goddess P1.37 Area P-Q7, lot EA 277 (context of firsthalf of 2nd century, possibly from building fill of Stoa of Attalos) Max. p. dim. 8.2; H. of emblem 4.9. Bottom of cup with part of lower body. Cup rests on ridge (worn) surrounded by groove; convex underside. Hemispherical profile, plain body. Bust of female figurewith head turned to viewer'sleft. Thick locks of hair and possibly a stephane on head. Drapery visible on left shoulder. Wingor, possibly,quiverbehind left shoulderand curvedobject (wing?)above right shoulder. Dull black glaze. Very similar but reversed:P 19829 (D 17:5, upper fill). Cf. 1359, smaller and with more detail, a winged female figure. 200-175 387 (P 18478) Herakles? P1.37 Area C 17, lot IIII 166 (2nd-centurycontext?),with 454 P.H. 3.9; max. p. dim. 12.4. Floor and part of lower wall preserved. Cup rests on ridge; pointed underside. Two grooves at base of wall. Conical profile with plain exterior. Ivy garland with white leaves on inside: stems incised on one side, painted on other. White zigzag and scraped groove around emblem. Bearded head, turned slightly to viewer'sleft. On head probably a lion-skin helmet, with lower jaws hanging down beside cheeks. Metallic black glaze outside, dull brown inside.

283

For shape and ungrooved exterior cf. 331. From closely similar mold, much more worn, 583 and P 21626 (K 7:1) (bolster-kraters). A bearded Herakles emblem appears on Calenian gutti (Jentel 1976, pp. 199, 205-206, 361-364, figs. 189-191, pl. LVIII);for a bearded Herakles emblem see Hobling 1923-1925, iv, p. 296, fig. 7:e. Cf. also 387, 583. Ca. 200? 388 (P 20192) Sphinx PI. 37 AgoraXXVII, no. 221, pp. 197-187, pl. 51. Q8-9 Max. p. dim. 6.8. Bottom of cup, with right half of emblem. Cup rests on broad ridge with concave surface; convex underside. Probably a hemispherical profile; three grooves preserved on exterior. Emblem within scraped groove and white wavy line punctuated by dots. Sphinx seated on plinth, facing left, with haunches, rump, and wings preserved. White paint defines feathers of wings, coiling tail, and haunches. Shiny black glaze outside, brown inside. 240-200 389 (P 1498) Tritoness and Eros P1.37 Schwabacher 1941, no. 1 d, p. 206. H-K 12-14 Max. p. dim. 7.5. Bottom, with part of lower wall. Cup rests on broad ridge with slightly concave surface; pointed underside. Six groovespreservedon exterior. Emblem surrounded by two scraped grooves with white dots between them; within this, ridge painted with radiatinglines. Tritoness swimmingleft, carryingoinochoe in left hand and blowingshell held in right hand. Eros sits on her coils playing double pipe. Paint on oinochoe and shell, on hair, shoulder, neck, wrist, underside of coils, and fluke of Tritoness, on head, wing, arm, and pipes of Eros. Shiny black glaze outside, brown inside. The motif is common on Attic moldmade bowls; cf. Hausmann 1959, pl. 4 and, from the Agora, P 18932, P 21040, P 22127 (AgoraXXII, nos. 181-183, pp. 65-66, pl. 33 [C 20:2, H-K 12-14]). For similar compositions in other wares, see Pagenstecher 1909, no. 39, p. 43, fig. 19;Jentel 1976, pp. 325327, 338-340, 369, figs. 170, 174-178, 195, pls. LIII, LV,LX; Richter 1959, p. 244, figs. 26, 28, pls. 54, 55; Courby 1922, no. 22, p. 239, fig. 40 on p. 239 = Carapanos 1878, no. 5, p. lll,pl.LXI:8. Ca. 200 390 (P 2972) Erotic symplegma P1.37 AreaJ 11 Max. p. dim. 6.0. Bottom of cup preserved. Recessed underside, convex with spiral. Probably conical profile, plain wall. Emblem within scraped groove and white zigzag. Standingmale on left faces right, holds left leg of female figure at hip level. She leans back against ribbed, cylindrical leg of a kline. Large white dots on emblem. Metallic black glaze. For a similar scene in Pergamene applique ware see PF II, E 23, E 28, p. 97, pl. 27. For erotic scenes as emblems see Courby 1922, no. 38, p. 248; AvP I, ii, no. 4, p. 277, Beiblatt44:4; FdD V, no. 455, p. 179. 125-75

284

CATALOGUE TWO-HANDLED CUP

IMITATION PALESTINIAN CUP 391 (P 19889) Fig. 22, P1.38 D 17:5, lower fill H. 8.5; Diam. of body 17.9, of rim 17.2. Small parts of rim, handle, and wall restored. Convex underside; curved resting surface, unglazed, possibly worn. Groove on wall at half height. Rim inclined to exterior, convex to exterior. Metallic black glaze, dull inside; finger markson foot. 200-175 392 (P 25626) Fig. 22 M21:1 P.H. 4.7; est. Diam. of rim 13.5. About one-fourth of rim and one handle. Very low everted rim. Shiny black glaze. Similar rim: P 21025 (H-K 12-14), with two grooves on body. 200-175 393 (P 14300) Fig. 22, PI. 38 N 20:7, lower fill H. 7.2; Diam. of body 16.0; est. Diam. of rim 15.6. Most of rim and upper body restored. Pointed underside; flat resting surface worn or reserved. Groove on wall at one-third height. Rim slightlyoffset, straight and inclined to exterior. Metallic blackglaze with stackingline, mottled to red on one side and inside; finger markson foot. Similar,from same context: P 14301, P 14302. 175-165 394 (P 8578) Fig. 22, PI. 38 E 6:2, upper fill H. 7.6; rest. Diam. of body 16.1, of rim 15.5. One handle and over half of rim and body restored. Flat resting surface; pointed underside. Groove on wall below half height. Offset, vertical rim. Metallic black glaze, peeling. Late 2nd to early 1st century? IMITATIONKNIDIAN CUP

395 (P 6276) Fig. 23, P1.38 E 14:1, lower fill H. 6.4; rest. Diam. of body 13.8, of rim 13.8. Over half restored, including center of floor; handles missing. Broad foot with beveled resting surface reserved; convex underside. Scraped groove on wall above foot. Upper body nearly vertical. Part of two palmettes (originallyfour?) within rouletting on floor. Shiny red and black glaze, metallic black underneath. Possibly related to Italian wares: cf. Taylor 1957, D 12, p. 127, pl. XXXV 225-210 396 (P 14190) Fig. 23, P1.38 0 20:2 H. 7.1; Diam. of body 16.8; est. Diam. of rim 16.5. Handles, most of rim, one-fourth of foot, and half of floor restored. Glazed groove in outer face of foot; beveled resting surface with shallow scraped groove; convex underside. Scraped

groove at one-third height. Subangular profile. Two (of four) palmettes preserved within rouletting on floor. Metallic black glaze, peeling badly in places. Similar shape, with more delicate palmette stamp: P 14303 (N 20:7, lower fill). Also with palmettes: P 11525 (D 5:2, drawshaft). Ca. 200 397 (P 20955) Fig. 23, P1.38 AgoraXXVII, no. 196, pp. 192-193, ill. 39, pi. 48. Q8-9 H. 6.8; rest. Diam. of body 16.5, of rim 15.5. One handle, most of rim, and over half of body and foot restored;full profile preserved. Slightly beveled resting surface; convex underside. Two grooves halfway up lower body. Angular profile. Metallic black glaze. Ca. 200 398 (P 19516) Fig. 23, P1.38 H 13:1 Rest. H. 8.7; rest. Diam. of body 15.8, of rim 15.0. Large part of body restored; profile nowhere continuously preserved. Very small, flaring foot; flat to rounded resting surface; convex underside. Subangularprofile with three grooves near top of lower body. Upper body straight to slightly convex. Shiny black glaze. Ca. 175 399 (P 29258) Fig. 23, P1.38 J 5:1, II H. 8.2; Diam. of body 18.1, of rim 16.8. Rim partly restored. Flaring foot, convex to outside; rounded resting surface; convex underside. Groove near top of lower body. Sharply angular profile. Five palmettes within rouletting on floor. Metallic black glaze. 175-150 400 (P 13681) Fig. 23, P1.38 G 5:3, lower fill H. 6.7; Diam. of body 17.8, of rim 16.8. One handle and half of rim restored. Flaring foot; flat resting surface; rough underside, pointed. Groovehalfwayup lower body; sharplyangularprofile. Metallic brown glaze with stacking line; finger marks on foot and lower body. 175-150 401 (P 28443) Fig. 23, P1.39 P 20:2 H. 6.9; Diam. of body 17.2, of rim 16.4. One handle, half of upper wall, and part of lower wall restored. Flaring, angular foot with very narrow resting surface;convex underside. Groove halfway up lower body. Angular profile. Very light and thin walled. Metallic black glaze, red and peeling on part of upper wall above stacking line. 150-110 402 (P 3357) Fig. 23, P1.39 H. A. Thompson 1934, E 52, p. 397, fig. 84.

STORAGE VESSELS F 15:2 (Group E) H. 7.7; Diam. of body 18.0, of rim 17.4. Most of handles, part of underside, large parts of wall and rim restored. Flaring foot, convex to exterior;flat restingsurface. Groove halfway up lower body. Angular profile. Rouletting on floor. Dull brown-to-blackglaze, red underneath and on lower body. Similar: P 23525. From same context: P 3358 (H. A. Thompson 1934, E 53, p. 397). 150-110 403 (P 26045) Fig. 23, P1.39 0 17:5 H. 7.8; Diam. of body 18.6, of rim 18.0. Handles and fragments of rim missing, foot chipped, and surface badly pitted. Slightly angular foot; rounded resting surface; convex underside. Groove halfway up lower body. Angular profile. Rouletting on floor. Metallic glaze, mottled red to black. 150 to early 1st century 404 (P 6002) Fig. 23, P1.39 E 14:3 H. 7.8; est. Diam. of body 17.5, of rim 17.0. Most of upper body, one handle, and small pieces of lower body restored. Molded ring foot; rounded resting surface; flat underside with roughnipple. Lowerwall concave; angularprofile. Metallic black glaze, red on foot, half of exterior,and inside. 150 to early 1st century

285

VARIANTS

405 (P 1012) Fig. 23, P1.39 I 16:1, lower fill H. 5.9; Diam. of body 9.7, of rim 9.2. One handle and parts of wall restored. Molded ring foot with scraped groove between moldings; beveled resting surface; pointed underside. Offset at base of body. Subangularprofile;scrapedgroovejust above angle and below rim. Upper body straight and inclined. Strap handles with comic-mask thumb rests: slave with low hair, knitted brows, mouth trumpet. On upper body, five alternatingpanels of concentric rectangles and checkerboard,with rectangles in center. Metallic black-to-brownglaze. For similar shape see 149. 225-200? 406 (P 604) Fig. 23, P1.39 H. A. Thompson 1934, D 16, p. 372, fig. 56. H 16:4 (Group D) H. 5.4; Diam. 15.7. Part of one handle and chips of floor restored. Convex underside projects beyond low ring foot; inner face of foot offset, groove in outer face of foot. Profile as bowl with outturned rim. Small, recurved strap handles. Fine rouletting on floor. Shiny red glaze inside and below stacking line on exterior,black above and on rim inside, double dipped. Mid-2nd century

OTHER VESSELSFOR WINE SERVICE STORAGE VESSELS WEST SLOPE AMPHORA WHEELMADE

Large 407 (P 30942) Fig. 24, P1.39 R 13:9 P.H. 9.2; est. Diam. of rim 12.0. Fragment of neck and rim. Slight ridge below lip. Pair of antithetical leaping dolphins with tail of another dolphin leaping right preserved at right; alternating hoops and leaves, white dots within hoops; two lines. Traces of white in field, below dolphins. Shiny black glaze. Painted decoration similar to that of 84. Possibly an oinochoe. Ca. 275 408 (P 505) Fig. 24, PI. 39 H. A. Thompson 1934, B 35, pp. 341-342, fig. 22; Rotroff 1991, no. 8, p. 69, fig. 3, pl. 15. H 16:3, drawshaft(Group B) P.H. 11.5; Diam. of body 17.1. Half of rim, one-fourth of neck, and three-fourthsof shoulder restored;lower body and handles missing. Neck: grapevine running right. Straight main stem; leaves on stems alternate with bunches of grapes with dotted tendrils. Shoulder: three pairs of antithetical leaping dolphins spaced

by white dot rosettes; spiral wave pattern running right, filled in with white below; two lines with row of dots between them. Lustrousblack to reddish brown glaze with metallic patches. BracketLeaf Group. For pieces with similar decoration see 89. Certainly an amphora;trace of scar of second handle preserved. 275-250 409 (P 1106) Fig. 24, P1.39 H. A. Thompson 1934, B 3, pp. 334-335, figs. 15, 16; Buschor 1940, p. 261, fig. 277; Rotroff 1991, no. 2, p. 69, fig. 2, pl. 14. H 16:3, south tunnel (Group B) H. 21.0; Diam. of body 17.8. One handle and half of the other as well as large parts of body and neck restored; foot and rim chipped, part of underside missing. Slight offset at base of body; slightlybeveled restingsurface, glazed, with scraped band at inner edge. No scraped groove on shoulder. Neck: opposing ivy garlandwith single ribbonsat ends. Main stem is two lines with wavy line between them; leaves on stems alternate with white dot rosettes. Shoulder: in center, pair of antithetical leaping dolphins at left and single dolphin leaping right at right, with white dot rosettes as spacers; spiral wave pattern running right, filled in white below; three lines with rows of dots between them. At left and

286

CATALOGUE

right, grapevinerunningrightwith single ribbonsat outer ends. Main stem a thick, straightline; leaves on stems alternate with bunches of grapes with dotted tendrils. Bunches of grapes above stem are upside down. No trace of white paint on one side of amphora. Painted circle around each handle attachment. Lustrousblack glaze, dull red on one side. BracketLeaf Group. For pieces with similar decoration see 89. 275-250 410 (P 14192) Fig. 24, P1.39 Rotroff 1984a, p. 175, fig. 3; Rotroff 1991, no. 50, p. 80, fig. 10, pl. 28. 0 20:2 P.H 15.0; Diam. of body 18.1. Lower body preserved, with stump of one handle; most of shoulder restored. Flat resting surface. Offset at base of body. Two scraped grooves at junction of neck and body; no groove on shoulder. Shoulder: double cornucopia flanked by bunches of grapes, then torches, then crosses. Body of cornucopia painted white; single fronds hang down at either side; sprouts alternate with dotted hoops across top. Bunch of grapes has four dotted tendrils and one leaf. Two white fillets hang from either side of torch. Ends of arms of cross have volutes with white dots; lozenges between arms. Painted circle around each handle attachment. Dull red glaze. Related to Dikeras Group. For decoration cf. 77. 270-250 411 (P31862) P1.39 E 14:1, lower fill P.H. 5.2. Fragmentof neck and rim. Outturned rim with scrapedgroove below on outside. Double cornucopiawith white body, filletshangingfromeither side, and three sprouts above. To right, trace of bunch of grapes with tendrils, leaf, and white dot rosette. Metallic black glaze. Dikeras Group. For decoration see 77. 270-250 412 (P 17978) Fig. 25, P1.40 A 18:1, lower fill H. 23.0; Diam. of body 18.9. Half of one handle, most of rim, one-thirdof neck, and parts of body restored;foot chipped. Outer face of foot partly reserved;beveled resting surface. Scraped groove at junction of foot and body. Two scraped grooves at base of neck; no groove on shoulder. Scraped groove and very shallow glazed groove below rim. Neck: pair of antithetical leaping dolphins face missing central motif (vertical line flanked by white dot rosettes preserved); spiral wave pattern filled in white below; two lines with row of dots between them. Framed by vertical lines at sides. Shoulder: thymiaterion with broad base with two rows of dots across bottom, resting on two curved legs. Vertical rod with five volutes and leaves or flames on either side, flames across top. Body of thymiaterion painted white, white accents in volutes. At sides of shoulder, grapevine with leaves on dotted stems above and below, tendrils with white accents between them. Paintedcirclearound each handle attachment. Lustrous brown-to-blackglaze.

Small fragmentswith thymiaterionin this position: P 22956 (M-N 15:1 [1]), P 20184 (Rotroff 1991, no. 44, p. 78, fig. 9, pl. 25). 260-250 413 (P 18700) Fig. 25, P1.40 Rotroff 1991, no. 43, p. 78, fig. 8, pl. 25. M21:l P.H. 7.0; Diam. at base of neck 9.5. Small part of lower neck and upper shoulder preserved. Neck: vertical ribbonvisible beside handle attachment;part of rectangularpattern of dots, with thickstem above. Shoulder: as 410, with cross replaced by rosette. Torch and rosette at left not preserved. Cornucopia with white body, two double hoops with white dots within them and three sprouts across top, a frond hanging down at either side. Bunch of grapes has three dotted tendrils and leaf. Flames of torch blow left, two white filletshang from either side. Rosette has alternatingpetals and fronds,white within petals and at center. Dull black glaze. Related to Dikeras Group. For rosette cf. 581. For similar cornucopia on a later piece see 1269; for the rosette on a later pot see 1283. For composition see 77. 270-250 414 (P 5808) Fig. 25, P1.40 Rotroff 1991, no. 69, p. 85, fig. 13, pl. 32. E 14:1, lower fill H. 21.2; Diam. of body 15.8. One handle, over half of rim, and most of one side of lower body restored. Slightly beveled resting surface; pointed underside. No groove on shoulder. Knobs flank upper handle attachments. Neck: opposing myrtle garland;spearhead necklace with double ties at ends. Band is two strands, the upper overpainted in white, with row of dots between; pendants hang from incised zigzag. Shoulder: two pairs of antithetical leaping dolphins spaced by white dot rosettes;spiralwave pattern running right, filled in with white below; two lines with row of dots between them. Painted circle around each handle attachment. Metallic black glaze; miltos. Shark Group. 250-240 415 (P5818) Fig. 25, P1.40 Rotroff 1991, no. 13, p. 69, pl. 17. E 14:1, lower fill H. 22.5; Diam. of body 20.2. Most of one handle, upper part of the other, and parts of lower body and shoulder restored. Outwardlybeveled restingsurface,partiallyglazed; nippled underside. No groove on shoulder;two scraped grooves below rim. Relief attachment at base of handles: beardless head. Neck: grapevine running right, with single ribbons at ends. Thick, undulating main stem; leaves on stems alternate with bunches of grapes below stem, with dotted tendrilsabove stem. Shoulder: two pairs of antithetical leaping dolphins spaced by white dot rosettes; spiral wave pattern running right, filled in with white below; three lines with orange dots between upper two, white dots between lower two. Painted circle around each handle attachment. Shiny black glaze. BracketLeaf Group: by same hand as 1226. Ca. 250

STORAGE VESSELS 416 (P 16253) Fig. 26, PI. 40 Rotroff 1994, p. 22, pl. 2:y. N 21:4, lower fill PH. 12.0; est. Diam. of body 17.0. Much of lower part of shoulder, chips of neck, and part of rim restored;lower body missing. Rim nearly horizontal on top. Slave(?)-maskrelief attachments, from very worn mold, at base of handles; top handle attachmentsflankedby pellets. Neck: grapevine runningright. Undulating, white main stem; leaves on stems alternatingwith white dot rosettes. Shoulder: at center, one pair of antithetical leaping dolphins spaced by white dot rosettes;spiralwave pattern running right, filled in white below; two lines. On either side, elaborate cross with long arms with leaves and volutes at ends, lozenges between arms, white dots inside volutes and at center. Dull black glaze. Same hand as 367 and 831. 240-220 417 (P 6286) Fig. 26, P1.40 E 14:1, lower fill H. 20.1; Diam. of body 17.0. One handle, over half of rim, large parts of b)ody,and chips of foot restored. Scraped groove on lower part of neck. Relief attachments, from very worn mold, at base of handles: bearcIless face, with orange paint on eyebrows,white on eyes and at 1hairline.Neck: spearhead necklace with single ties at ends. Broad band partly overpainted white and with large white dots alolng it; pendants hang from incised zigzag. Shoulder: five altelmating panels of concentric rectangles and checkerboard,wit]h rectangles in center. Painted circle around each handle attachlment;white fillets hang from either side of relief attachment at base of handles. Metallic black glaze; miltos. For handle attachment cf. 420, 448. Ca. 235 418 (P 13432) Fig. 2?6,Pls. 41, 141 O 20:3, II H. 17.0; Diam. of body 15.6. One handle, chips of rim, and part of body and neck restored. Foot in three degrees; beveled restingsurface. Offset at base of body. Rim nearly horizontal on top. Slavre-mask reliefs at base of handle, with hair, eyebrows, and nlouth trumpet painted. Neck: opposing ivy garlandwith two riibbonsat ends. Main stem is two lines with white wavy line tbetween them; leaves on stems alternate with rectangles of dcDts. Shoulder: checkerboardflanked by long panels of lattice. Painted circle around each handle attachment. Lustrousblack glaze, reddish brown on one side and underneath. Another fragment with lattice in this position: P 31745 (AgoraXXVII, no. 214, p. 197, pl. 50 [Q8-9] ); for contemporary use of lattice see 238. For similar shape and neck decoration cf. CVA,Kassel 2 [Germany 38], pl. 86 [1886]:1, 2. 235-225 419 (P 20922) AgoraXXVII, no. 213, p. 197, pl. 50. Q8-9 P.H. 8.0. Fragment of neck and shoulder.

Fig. 26, P1.41

287

Neck slightly sunk down into body. Knobs flanking upper handle attachment painted with asterisk and surrounded by white dots. Neck: grapevine running right bordered above and below by row of dots. Main stem white, white dots within tendrils. Shoulder: originally five alternating panels of checkerboard and concentric rectangles, with rectangles at center. Painted circle around upper handle attachment. Metallic black glaze. 235-225 420 (P 26051 a, b) Fig. 26, P1.41 L 17:7 PH. (a) 17.7; Diam. of body 18.0; max. p. dim. (b) 6.0. Body, part of lower neck, and stubs of handles preserved; partly restored (a). Fragmentof rim (b, not illustrated). Foot in three degrees;flat restingsurface. Neck slightlysunk down into body. Reliefs at base of handles: beardlessface with orange paint on eyebrows, white on eyes and hair. Shoulder: six panels of checkerboard and concentric rectangles, with two panels of rectangles at center. Painted circle around each handle attachment;white filletshang from relief attachmentat base of handle. Shiny brown glaze, red underneath and inside. For similar reliefs at handle attachment see 417, 448. 235-225 421 (P 29344) Fig. 27, P1.41 Rotroff 1991, no. 49, p. 80, pl. 27. P21:4 H. 22.3; Diam. of body 18.4. Partsof body, neck, and rim restored;rim and foot chipped. Foot in three degrees; flat resting surface. Offset at base of body. Two scraped grooves on shoulder; no groove below rim. Convex band flanked by scraped grooves halfway up neck, painted with small squares with white dots in centers. Rim horizontal on top. Strap handles with rotelles at arch. Ends of rotelles have asterisk with white around edge and white dot at center. On strap below rotelle: painted union jack; beardless relief head with eyes, eyebrows, mouth, and hair painted; spearhead necklace; spur with parallel painted lines. At base of handles, reliefslave maskwith orange paint on hair, eyes, eyebrow,and around mouth trumpet, white inside trumpet, on pupils, and on fillet that runs across brows and hangs down on either side of face. Opposing olive garland hangs from lower handle attachment, painted circle around upper attachment. Upper and lower handle attachments flanked by knobs painted with orange strokes. Upper neck register:double cornucopia flanked by bunches of grapes and torches. Cornucopia painted white, with three leaves and two double hoops with white dot within them across top, and a frond hanging from either side. Bunches of grapes have three dotted tendrils and one leaf. White dots on torches and two white fillets hanging from either side. Lower neck register: two pairs of antithetical leaping dolphins; spiral wave pattern running right, filled in with white below; two lines with row of dots between them. Shoulder: five alternating panels of checkerboard and concentric rectangles, with rectangles at center. Metallic black glaze; miltos. Related to Dikeras Group. For motifs see 77. For handles cf. Pagenstecher 1913, p. 20, pl. XII:1; Watzinger 1901, no. 1, p. 68, pl. III. 225-200 422 (P 19886) D 17:5, lower fill PH. 15.2; est. Diam. of rim 15.0.

Fig. 27, P1.41

288

CATALOGUE

Two-thirds of rim and large parts of neck and shoulder restored;lower body missing. Slightlydownturned rim. Vestigialmaskswith long, pointed beard at base of handles. Neck: two strands with dots above and below, two ribbons hanging down at either end; single ivy leaf in center above. Shoulder: five alternating panels of checkerboard and concentric rectangles, with rectangles at center. Painted circle around each handle attachment. Shiny black glaze with metallic patches. 225-175 423 (P 4005) Fig. 27, P1.41 H. A. Thompson 1934, C 11, pp. 349-350, fig. 30. G 6:2 (Group C) PH. 7.6. Small part of shoulder and neck, with stump of handle. Neck: part of one dolphin leaping left and one dot rosette; spiral wave pattern running right, filled in with white below; two lines with row of dots between them. Shoulder: probably originallyfive alternating panels of checkerboardand concentric rectangles,with rectangles at center. Painted circle around handle attachment, with white dot at bottom. Dull greenish black glaze; miltos. 225-175 424 (P 29346) Fig. 27, P1.41 P21:4 H. 20.0; Diam. of body 18.4. One handle, over half of rim and foot, and large part of lower body restored. Foot in three degrees, with no scrapedgroove between lower two moldings; beveled resting surface. Two scraped grooves at junction of neck and body and below rim. Tiny bearded relief masksat base of handles. Neck: grapevine running right. Undulating white main stem; leaves and tendrilsaccented with rows of dots and white dot rosettes. Shoulder:five alternating panels of checkerboardand concentric rectangles,with rectangles at center. Painted circle around each handle attachment. Fine, slightlymicaceous pale fabric(7.5YR 7/4); dull red glaze, with one black patch, peeling; miltos. Fabric, shape, shape of handles and masks at bases are unusual;possibly an import. For profile cf. Braun 1970, no. 170, p. 153, P1.68:3. 200-175 425 (P 23777) Fig. 27, P1.41 Area H 14, context of second quarter of 2nd century (see Rotroff 1988a, pp. 87-90 for context: "fill at 20/AA" [there called "fillat 20/A"]) H. 16.5; Diam. of body 13.6. Part of one handle and parts of body restored;rim chipped. Flat resting surface. Ridge at base of neck. Downturned rim, no scraped groove below rim. Upper handle attachment flanked by knobs with painted crosses surrounded by white dots. Neck: alternating double hoops and vertical lines, with white dots within hoops; two lineswith white wavy line between them. Borderedon left and rightby verticalline. Shoulder:five alternating panels of checkerboardand concentric rectangles, with rectangles at center. Painted circle around each handle attachment. Shiny black glaze, pitted. 200-150? 426 (P 20445) D 17:4, lower fill Rest. H. 15.1; Diam. of body 13.4.

Fig. 28, P1.41

Two-thirdsofrim, large part of body,and all of foot restored. Downturned rim, with two scraped grooves below. Thumbprints at base of handles. No painted decoration. Shiny black glaze. 200-150? 427 (P 23204)

M-N 15:1(4)

Fig. 28, PI. 42

PH. 16.8; est. Diam. of body 19.0. Part of one handle and about one-fourth of upper part of vessel preserved,partiallyrestored;lower body missing. Neck: grapevine running right. Stem is two sagging lines with white wavy line between them; leaves alternatewith white dot rosettes and tendrils with white dots at center. Shoulder: checkerboardflanked by concentric rectangles. Painted circle around handle attachment. Shiny black glaze; miltos. Similar shape and decoration: 428, 429, 459, and P 2456. Cf. Vogell,no. 305, p. 34, pl. VII:18; Williams 1977, no. 3, 68, p. pl. 24. 175-140 428 (P 8558) Fig. 28, P1.42 Rotroff 1983, no. 97, p. 295, pl. 60. E 6:1, lower fill H. 20.7; Diam. of body 17.0. One-fourth of rim and small parts of body, foot, and rim restored;pieces of body missing. Flat resting surface; flat underside. Foot offset from body by deep groove. Slightly downturned rim. Relief slave maskat base of handles, paint on hair. Neck: grapevine running right, with single ribbonsat ends. Stem is two sagginglines with white wavy line between them; leaves on stems alternate with white dot rosettes. Shoulder: checkerboard flanked by concentric rectangles. Painted circle around each handle attachment and garlandof single olive leaves around lower handle attachment. Shiny red glaze with patches of black. For garland around lower handle attachment cf. 433. For other comparanda see 427. 175-140 429 (P 8592) Fig. 28, PI. 42 E 6:2, lower fill H. 20.3; Diam. of body 17.3. About half of rim and parts of body restored. Flat restingsurface,partiallyglazed. Rim horizontalon top. Bearded relief maskswith roll over forehead at base of handles: paint on roll and mouth trumpet. Upper handle attachments flanked by knobs with painted crosses surrounded by white dots. Neck: grapevine running right. Stem is two lines with white line between them; leaves on stems alternate with white dot rosettes. Shoulder:five alternatingpanels of checkerboard and concentric rectangles, with rectangles at center. Painted circle aroundeach handle attachment. Small single filletshang from each side of maskat lower handle attachment. Dull glaze, mottled black to red; miltos. For comparanda see 427. 175-140 430 (P 13391) Fig. 29, P1.42 T27:1 PH. 15.7; est. Diam. of body 21.0. One lower handle attachment, half of neck, and small part of shoulder preserved;partiallyrestored. Remarkablylarge. No scraped groove on shoulder; glazed groove at base of neck. Relief slave mask with short beard

STORAGE VESSELS at base of handle. Neck: grapevine. Stem is two lines with white wavy line between them; incised tendrils running right, with white dots at centers, alternate with leaves and white dot rosettes. Shoulder: checkerboard flanked by concentric rectangles. Painted circle around each handle attachment. Shiny red glaze with black patches. For decoration cf. DelosXXVII, D 91, p. 251, pl. 44. 175-140 431 (P 8560) Fig. 29, P1.42 E 6:1, lower fill P.H. 16.9; rest. H. 18.2; Diam. of body 15.1. Rim, much of neck, one handle, and parts of body restored. Flat restingsurface. Small, summarybearded masksat base of handles. Neck: spearhead necklace with ties at ends. Band is double line, probably overpainted white; pendants attached by incised zigzag. Base of palmette(?)at center, above necklace. Shoulder: checkerboard flanked by concentric rectangles. Painted circle around each handle attachment; looped white fillets hang down onto lower body from either side of mask at base of handle. Metallic black glaze, reddish brown inside; miltos. For handles cf. Williams 1977, no. 3, p. 68, pl. 24. 175-140 432 (P 599) Fig. 29, P1.42 Shear 1932, pp. 387-388, fig. 5:B; ILV, June 25, 1932, p. 1060, fig. 14; H. A. Thompson 1934, D 25, p. 374, fig. 59; Buschor 1940, p. 261, fig. 278; Webster 1960, p. 283, under C 12; Webster 1969, p. 56, under A 5; CAH,new ed., plates to VII, i, no. 167, p. 129, fig. 167. H 16:4 (Group D) H. 23.6; Diam. of body 19.8. Part of one handle, half of rim, and small parts of body restored. Downturned rim, with scraped grooves below. Small relief masks at base of handles: wreathed slave with deep trumpet. Neck: spearhead necklace with single ties at ends. Band is two lines with white between them, row of white dots above; pendants attached by incised zigzag. Shoulder:five alternating panels of checkerboardand concentric rectangles,with rectangles at center. Painted circle around each handle attachment. Metallic black glaze. For similar necklace see 434. 175-140 433 (P 28445) Fig. 30, P1.43 P 20:2 H. 24.0; Diam. of body 18.8. One handle, most of rim, and large part of neck and body restored;foot chipped. Slightly beveled resting surface; slightly pointed underside. Downturned rim. Upper handle attachmentsflankedby knobs with orange and white asterisks. Relief slave mask from very worn mold at lower handle attachment. Neck: two pairs of antithetical leaping dolphins flanking white dot rosettes, with white asterisk in center and palmettes at sides; spiral wave pattern running right, filled in with white below; two lines with row of white dots between them. Shoulder: five alternating panels of checkerboardand concentric rectangles, with rectangles at center. Painted circle around upper handle attachment, olive garland around lower handle attachment. Metallic black glaze on one side, red on other side, underside, and lower interior.

289

For garland around lower handle attachment cf. 428. Ca. 140 434 (P 17408) Fig. 30, P1.43 B 21:25, in tunnel PH. 13.0; rest. Diam. of body 19.0. One handle, half of rim, and three-fourths of shoulder restored;lower body missing. Very flaring, downturned rim. Upper handle attachments flanked by knobs with painted crosses surrounded by white dots. Bearded relief mask at base of handle, with paint on beard and eyebrows. Neck: spearhead necklace with ties at ends. Band is two lines with white wavy line between them and row of white dots above; pendants attached by incised zigzag. Shoulder: five alternating panels of checkerboardand concentric rectangles,with rectangles at center. Painted circle around each handle attachment. Shiny black glaze. Similar shape: P 2456. For similar treatment of spearhead necklace cf. 432. Ca. 140 435 (P 26036) Fig. 30, P1.43 O 17:5 H. 18.4; Diam. of body 16.4. Half of rim and parts of body, foot, and underside restored. Outwardly beveled resting surface, partly glazed. Downturned rim, with one scraped and one glazed groove below. Relief masks with wedge beards at base of handles. Neck: incised circle with X in middle (possibly iunx)with white dot at center and white circle around it, flanked by two incised antithetical dolphins with white eyes. Dolphins flanked by white dot rosettes. White vertical line at each side. Shoulder: checkerboardflanked by concentric rectangles. Painted circle around each handle attachment. White looped single fillets hang from masksat base of handles. Gritty,somewhat shiny to metallic black glaze, badly peeled; miltos. 125-86 436 (P 600) Fig. 30, P1.43 Shear 1933b, p. 23; H. A. Thompson 1934, D 26, p. 375, fig. 60; R. M. Cook 1960, p. 205, pl. 56:A; Webster 1960, p. 283, under C 12; Webster 1969, p. 56, under AV 5. H 16:4 (Group D) H. 17.4; Diam. of body 18.0. Small parts restored. Beveled resting surface. No scraped groove below rim. Molded rim with scraped groove in outer face. Upper handle attachments flanked by knobs painted with orange and white asterisks. Relief masks at base of handles: wreathed slave with fairly deep trumpet. Neck: Ivy garland with single ribbons at ends. Main stem is two lines with white line between them; leaves alternate with white dot rosettes. Shoulder: checkerboardflanked by concentric rectangles. Painted circle around each handle attachment. Metallic black glaze. Ca. 140 437 (P 17979) Fig. 31, P1.43 A 18:1, lower fill PH. 16.5; rest. H. 16.6; Diam. of body 16.1. One handle, rim, and part of neck and body restored. Outwardly beveled resting surface. Two scraped grooves at base of neck. Vestigial mask at base of handles. Neck: ivy garland running right. Main stem is two lines with white wavy line between them; leaves on stems alternate with white

290

CATALOGUE

dot rosettes. Two vertical lines at either side. Shoulder: checkerboardflanked by concentric rectangles. Painted circle around each handle attachment. White(?) fillet hangs down in loops from either side of mask at base of handle. Metallic black glaze. Ca. 140? 438 (P 3185) Fig. 31, PL.43 H. A. Thompson 1934, E 59, pp. 398-399, figs. 87, 88; Rotroff 1991, no. 98, p. 93, fig. 22, pl. 41. F 15:3, upper fill, probably intrusivefrom F 15:2 (Group E) P.H. 24.3; rest. H. 23.7; est. Diam. of body 20.4. One handle and part of the other, half of rim and body,and all of foot restored. Molded rim. Vestigial masks at base of handles. Neck: ivy garland running right. Main stem white and undulating;large leaveson incised stems alternatewith white dot rosettes. Shoulder: checkerboard flanked by concentric rectangles. Painted circle around each handle attachment. White loops hang from lower handle attachment. Dull red glaze with black patches. Large Leaf Group 2. Cf. Romano 1994, no. 26, pp. 70-71, pl. 17. 120-110 439 (P 17020) Fig. 31, P1.44 Rotroff 1991, no. 106, p. 95, fig. 29, pl. 44. D 19:2, fill I H. 19.1; Diam. of body 16.4. Both handles and most of neck and rim restored; foot chipped. Flat restingsurface.Molded rim. Neck: ivy garland. Partsof two large leaves and tie at end preserved. Shoulder: checkerboard flanked by lattices, white(?)circle and dot at center of lattice. Fillet falls in loop from either side of lower handle attachment. Dull red glaze. For shoulder decoration cf. AeXT 19, B' 1, 1964 [1966], p. 68, pl. 65:y, from Sullan destruction debris in Peiraieus. Large Leaf Group 4. 120-86 440 (P 26034) Fig. 32, P1.44 Rotroff 1991, no. 118, p. 102, fig. 31, pl. 45. O 17:5 H. 19.8; Diam. of body 16.3. One handle, small parts of rim and upper body, one-third of lower body, and most of underside restored. No scraped groove on foot; flat resting surface, partially glazed. Scraped groove at junction of foot and body. Molded rim with scraped groove at junction of moldings. Small, vestigial bearded masks at base of handles. Neck: spearhead necklace with single ties at ends. Band is two sagging lines, the upper one overpainted white; pendants attached by incised zigzag; white dots at tips of pendants. Above, in center, palmette flanked by white dots and white dot rosettes. Shoulder: checkerboard flanked by lattice, with white dot at center of lattice. Painted circle around each handle attachment. White looped fillet hangs down from either side of mask at base of handle. Dull black glaze with red patches outside, red inside; miltos. Gaudy Amphora Group. 100-86 441 (P 25874) Fig. 32, P1.44 Rotroff 1991, no. 117, p. 102, fig. 30, pl. 45.

Area B-C 17 H. 17.8; Diam. of body 17.3. One handle, half of neck and rim, and small part of body restored. Flaring ring foot; outwardly beveled resting surface;nearly flat underside. Scraped groove at junction of foot and body. Molded rim. Knob at base of handles. Neck: as 440, but bands of necklace incised, with white zigzag between them. Shoulder: as 440. Painted circle around each handle attachment. Single looped white fillet hangs from either side of knob at base of handles. Dull brown glaze. Gaudy Amphora Group. 100-86 442 (P 8945) Fig. 32, P1.44 Rotroff 1991, no. 119, p. 102, fig. 32, p. 46. M 20:1, middle fill P.H. 15.0; Diam. of body 19.1. Handles, less than half of rim, and part of wall restored; lower body missing. Molded rim. Knob and deep thumbprint with white paint at base of handles. Below rim: diagonal strokesin orange and white. Neck: spearhead necklace with large, white bow and single ties at ends (as though bow tied around upper handle attachment). Band is three sagging incised lines with white wavy line between the upper two, white straight line between the lower two; pendants attached by incised zigzag; white dots at tipsofpendants. Above, eight-petaledrosettewith white dots between tips of petals, flanked by white dot rosettes. Shoulder (incised):checkerboardflanked by concentric rectangles. Two vertical wavy lines in rectangle panels (not shown in drawing). Paintedcirclearoundupper handle attachment. Dull brownish black glaze, peeling; miltos. Gaudy Amphora Group. For incision on shoulder motifs, see 443, 444, and 835. 100-86 443 (P 6005) Fig. 33, P1.44 E 14:3 H. 20.5; Diam. of body 17.0. Part of one handle, half of rim, and large parts of neck and body restored. Flat resting surface. No scraped groove between moldings of foot. Molded rim. Knob at base of handles. Decoration incised, with painted accents now almost completely invisible. Neck: seven-petaled palmette. Incised outline mirrored in white inside, central petal painted white. Palmette flanked by large rosettes, probably with alternately orange and white petals. Shoulder:checkerboardflankedby lattice. White circle around lower handle attachment, with looped fillets hanging down onto lower body. Shiny black glaze. For other instances of incised lattice see 835. Late 2nd century to 86 444 (P 31964) P1.44 N 19:1, middle fill Est. Diam. 23.4; rest. H. 26.3. Foot, one-third of body (with small section of profilemissing towardsbottom), lower part of one handle, and part of upper neck and rim preserved. Partiallyrestored. Flaring foot with groove in outer face; flat resting surface; convex underside. Angular body with scraped groove just above angle. Flaring,molded rim. Double rope handle flanked

STORAGE VESSELS by nipples at upper attachment, lump of clay with thumbprint at bottom. Shoulder: incised panels, with central panel of concentric rectangles, flankedby panels of checkerboard,then by panels of lattice. Above, zigzag line with white dots above and below. At top of neck, between two scraped grooves, pseudo bead and reel with white reel. Below, trace of spearhead necklace. Band made up of two white and two incised lines; pendants attached by incised zigzag line. Lower handle attachment has broad orange band across top, white loops hang from handle. Shiny red glaze inside and out. For incision, see 442, 443, and 835. Ca. 86 445 (P50) Pls. 45, 141 Webster 1960, C 10 a, p. 283; Webster 1969, p. 56, under AV 1. Area H 5 P.H. 7.0. Base of handle and small part of shoulder. Mask with high crown coming down to a point at center and projecting,pointed beard. Concentric rectangles on shoulder, painted circle around handle attachment. Shiny black glaze. 235-150 446 (P 1443) PI. 45 Webster 1960, C 15, p. 283; Webster 1969, AV 2, p. 56. Area K 13, disturbed Hellenistic context (no lot) P.H. 8.2. Mask and base of handle, with part of shoulder and lower wall. Maskwith full, roundedbeardand furrowedforehead. Concentric rectangles on shoulder, painted circle around handle attachment. Shiny red glaze. Old-man or Papposilenos mask? Similar also to "Herakles" of emblem 387 and bolster-kraterattachments 583 and P21626. 235-150 447 (P 23080) P1. 141 Webster 1960, C 12 b, p. 283; Webster 1969, p. 56, under AV 5. H-K 12-14 P.H. 6.5. Mask and base of handle. High crown with hair coming down to central point. Large trumpet. White fillet hangs from crown of head. Hair and trumpet painted. Shiny black glaze. 235-175 448 (P 23605) P1. 141 AgoraXXVII, no. 251, p. 201, pl. 53. Q9:4 P.H. 4.5. Base of handle and mask attachment. Round, beardlessface. Painted circle around handle attachment. Metallic black glaze. Similar:417, 420. 250-160 Small 449 (P 625) Fig. 33, PI. 45 H. A. Thompson 1934, D 27, pp. 375-376, fig. 61. H 16:4 (Group D) H. 8.8; Diam. 7.6. One handle missing, foot chipped.

291

Flaring ring foot with groove in outer face; curved resting surface;nippled underside. Groove at shoulder,base of neck, and below rim. Flaring rim, flat on top. Twisted handles with knobs on either side of upper attachments, vestigial masks at base. Shoulder: ivy garland with white wavy main stem, row of white dots above and below. Neck: spearhead necklace. Single white band with single tie at either end, white dots at tips of pendants. Single large dot above. Circle around lower attachment of one handle. Metallic black glaze inside and out, red underneath. 150-140 450 (P 10022) Fig. 33, P1.45 A 14:1, fill I H. 10.0; Diam. 7.5. Base and rim chipped. Flaring ring foot; rounded resting surface; nippled underside. One scraped groove and one glazed groove at bottom of wall. Scraped groove at lower handle attachment,junction of neck and body, and below rim. Flaring rim. Strap handles. Shoulder: alternating leaves and zigzags, perhaps with white. Neck painted on one side only: ivy garland with wavy stem, white leaves with no stems. White wavy line runs down handle. Dull glaze red on one side, black on the other, glazed inside. 150-86 451 (P9285) Fig. 33, P1.45 Rotroff 1991, no. 113, p. 101, pl. 44. M-N 18:1, lower fill H. 9.3; Diam. 7.8. Rim chipped. Flaring ring foot; flat resting surface;slightly convex underside. Angular profile. Flaring rim. Handles round in section. Shoulder: large bead and reel, with reel in white. Neck: tears alternate with pairs of white vertical lines on A, with single vertical lines on B. Dull black glaze inside and out. Large Leaf Group 4. 120-86 452 (P 14417) Fig. 33, P1.45 Rotroff 1991, no. 114, p. 101. M 20:1, middle fill H. 8.7; Diam. 7.5. One handle and half of body and neck restored. Ring foot; beveled resting surface; pointed underside. Angularprofile. Grooveatjunction ofbody and neck and at upper handle attachment. Flaring rim, square in section. Handles round in section. Shoulder: bead and reel, with reel in white. Dull black glaze, partly unglazed inside. Large Leaf Group 4. 120-86 453 (P519) Fig. 33, P1.45 G 14:2, middle fill, at 13 m. H. 9.1; Diam. 8.3. Handles missing, rim chipped. Ring foot; rounded resting surface;nippled underside. Angular profile. Scraped groove just below angle of shoulder,at junction of neck and body, and below rim. Flaring rim with molded, overhanginglip. Shoulder:lattice with one set of diagonals white. Neck: trefoilgarland running right, in alternating white and orange. Metallic greenish glaze inside and out. Cf. 436-443 for rim. 150-86

CATALOGUE

292 MOLDMADE

454 (P 19860) Fig. 33, P1.45 Area C 17, lot IIII 166 (2nd-centurycontext?),with 387 P.H. 3.7; est. Diam. of foot 12.0. About one-sixth of foot and lower wall. Flaring foot molded in three degrees, with scraped groove between two lower moldings. Flat resting surface. Convex undersidewith no molded decoration. On lower body,tendrils growing from acanthus leaves alternate with lotus petals. Dull brown glaze, shiny black inside; miltos. 225-200? 455 (P 25986) Fig. 33, P1.45 F 17:3, middle fill P.H. 13.5; est. Diam. of body 19.0. Lower body and less than half of foot preserved. Foot: variety 1. Medallion: double rosette with four petals inside, eight outside, within two ridges, surrounded by palmettes. Wall divided into four panels by grapevines. Deeds of Theseus: hero wrestles with Minotaur, Prokrustes,Marathonian bull, and Skiron. Tips of large palmettes of calyx visible below. Rim: alternating rosettes and fleurs-de-lis;pairs of double spirals; tendril between beading and ridges. Scraped groove above moldmade area. Concentric rectangleson shoulder. Dull black glaze, red and mostly missing inside and underneath. WorkshopA. From same mold as P 10877 (AgoraXXII, no. 189, p. 67, pl. 35 [D 11:4, lower fill]). ForTheseus stamp see 602. Similar foot: P 20295 (Q8-9). 225-200 456 (P 21030) Fig. 33, PI. 45 H-K 12-14 P.H. 5.0; Diam. of foot 8.8. Foot, with chips missing. Foot: variety 1, with ridge at inner edge of resting surface. Medallion: worn gorgoneion. Metallic black glaze; miltos. Similar,from same context: P 24810. 225-175 457 (P 1951) Fig. 33, P1.45 H-K 12-14 P.H. 2.9; est. Diam. of foot 10.0. About one-fourth of foot. Foot: variety 1, with no scraped groove; continuous curve from edge of foot to underside; no wear on resting surface. Medallion: gorgoneion surrounded by small pointed ribbed leaves. Made in fairly fresh mold. Metallic black glaze.

Workshopof Bion. 225-175 458 (P27714) Fig. 33, PI. 45 Area N 16, lot T 606 (late-3rd- and early-2nd-century context) P.H. 12.2; Diam. of body 14.0. Three-fourthsof foot and over half oflower body preserved; foot partiallyrestored. Foot: variety 3, with worn resting surface. Made in worn mold. Medallion: rosette(?)within ridge. Calyx, below beaded line: lotus petals with goat masks between tips. Above, birds flying left and rosettes in field. Wall: hunt. Hunter attacking lion with axe; Eros flying left; hunter attacking boar; Eros flying left; hunter attacking lion. Birds, hares, small lion in field, all moving left. No rim pattern. Scraped groove at top of molded area. Concentric rectangles on shoulder. Dull glaze, greenish gray to ocher. WorkshopA. For hunter and boar cf. P 28612 and P 18645 (AgoraXXII, nos. 248, 250, p. 75, pl. 50 [P 21:4, M 21:1]); for hunter and lion cf. P 18645. Ca. 175 459 (P 7038) Fig. 33, PI. 45 AgoraXXVII, no. 285, p. 205, pl. 56. Q11:3 H. 22.7; rest. Diam. of body 15.5. One handle, three-fourthsof wall, half of neck, and threefourthsof rim restored;masks at bases of handles missing. Foot: variety 2. Downturned rim with one glazed and one scraped groove below. Medallion not visible. At base of body, register of alternating old-man masks and Erotes flying right, between ridges. Calyx:jeweled fronds with Erotes flying right between tips. Wall: dogs and other animalsrunningright. One hunter/warrior with shield faces left confronting lion(?), arm back to throw spear. Rim: small leaf; double spirals; rosettes between ridges. Scraped groove above molded section. Neck: ivy garland framed at left and right by vertical line. Stem is two lines with white wavy line between them; leaves alternate with tendrils with white dots within their curves. Shoulder: checkerboardflanked by concentric rectangles. Painted circle around each handle attachment. Shiny black glaze; miltos. ProbablyWorkshopof Bion. Forcalyx cf. P 20272 (AgoraXXII, no. 171, p. 65, pls. 31, 79 [M 21:1]). For shape and decoration cf. 427-429. For foot cf. P 8557 (AgoraXXII, no. 407, p. 92, pl. 70 [E 6:1, lower fill]). Ca. 175

VESSELS FOR POURING AND DIPPING WEST

SLOPE OINOCHOE

PAINTED

460 (P 28255) Fig. 34, P1.46 Rotroff 1984a, p. 175, fig. 1; Rotroff 1991, no. 19, p. 71, pl. 18. Bought in Athens; gift of G. Roger Edwardsto the Agora. H. 15.9; Diam. of body 11.0. Parts of neck and lip restored. Scraped groove between moldings of foot and in resting surface; slightly convex underside. Offset at base of body. Neck: opposing olive garland. Shoulder:opposing ivy garland.

Thick stem with white accents; leaves on stems alternate with dot rosettes. Metallic black glaze; miltos. Edwards Group. For pieces with same decoration see 74. For another complete example of the shape see Vogell,no. 310, p. 35, pl. VI:20. Ca. 275

461 (P5720) Rotroff 1991, no. 34, p. 76, fig. 7, pl. 22. Passage between E 14:1 and E 14:3 P.H. 9.0; Diam. of body 8.8.

Fig. 34, PI. 46

VESSELS FOR POURING AND DIPPING Handle and parts of rim and upper body restored; lower body missing One to two scraped grooves below rim. Neck: ivy garland running right, with single ribbons at ends. Shoulder divided into thirds, each with a different pattern. At left: grapevine running right. Wavy white stem; leaves alternating with rectangles of white dots. In center, opposite handle: two pairs of antithetical leaping dolphins; spiral wave pattern running right, filled in with white below; two lines with row of dots between them. At right: spearhead necklace. Band is thick line with dots across top. Painted circle around each handle attachment. Shiny glaze, black to greenish black. Dikeras Group. For garland cf. 1223. For closely similar dolphins see 75. For division of shoulder into three sections cf. Alt-AginaII, i, no. 552, p. 74, pl. 41. Ca. 270-260 462 (P 16250) Fig. 34, P1.46 Rotroff 1994, p. 22, pl. 2:e. N 21:4, lower fill PH. 8.2; rest. H. 8.5; rest. Diam. of body 9.0. Much of rim and upper body restored;lower body missing. No scraped groove below rim. Neck: opposing olive garland. Shoulder: spearhead necklace with ties at ends. Band with dots across top. Shiny black glaze. 275-250 463 (P 26841) Fig. 34, P1.46 E 3:1 P.H. 6.5; Diam. at base of neck 8.6. Upper shoulder and lower neck preserved. Two scraped grooves at base of neck. Ivy garland running right on shoulder. Double stem; leaves on stems alternate with white dot rosettes. Shiny black glaze with metallic patches. 275-250 464 (P 6287) Fig. 34, P1.46 E 14:1, lower fill Rest. H. 12.5; rest. Diam. of body 16.0. Most of handle, one-third of shoulder,and one-fourthofrim restored;lower body missing. Scraped groove divides neck into two registers;one scraped and one glazed groove below rim. Upper handle attachment flanked by knobs. Upper neck register: spearhead necklace. Band is two lines with white dots between them and orange dots above; dots at tops of pendants. Lower neck register:alternating asterisksand white dot rosettes. Shoulder: opposing olive garland. Leaves alternate with rows of three white dots. Metallic black glaze. 250-235 465 (P 28108) Fig. 34, P1.46 Rotroff 1991, no. 51, p. 80, fig. 11, pl. 28. F 17:4 H. 13.8; est. Diam. of body 16.0. Half of handle, about one-fifth of rim and neck, and part of shoulder preserved. Nearly horizontal rim. Arched handle with slave mask at base. Upper handle attachment flanked by disks with painted crossesand white(?)dots around edge. Neck: elaborateunidentified object (a form of thunderbolt?);torch; bunch of grapes; double cornucopia; section missing (probablyoriginallybunch of grapes; torch; elaborate object). Unidentified object consists of vertical rod with crossbars and volutes and, near the

293

lower end, two diverging diagonal lines ending in triangles of dots; another triangle of dots at bottom of rod; upper end is stylized projectilepoint. Dots on torch, and two filletshanging from either side. Bunch of grapes has four dotted tendrils and leaf. Body of cornucopia originally white. Shoulder: nine(?) alternatingpanels of checkerboardand concentric rectangles, beginning and ending with rectangles at handle, and bounded at bottom by scraped groove. Dull brown glaze, black inside; miltos. Related to Dikeras Group. For the elaborate object see Charitonides 1981, p. 174, pl. 42:P. For other oinochoai with checkerboards and rectangles on shoulder, see Charitonides 1981, p. 179, pl. 45:cxr; Watzinger 1901, no. 3, p. 68, pl. IV 225-200 BLACK

466 (P 26849) Fig. 34, P1.46 E 14:1, lower fill P.H. 14.2; Diam. of rim 10.6. Neck and part of handle preserved;rim chipped. Two grooves at top of body. Rim round on top, with deep glazed groove below. Upper handle attachment flanked by knobs. Metallic brown glaze. A similar rim fragment:P 26848 (F 12:3, upper fill). 260-210 CHous (Oinochoe, Shape 3) LARGE

467 (P 4377) Fig. 34, PI. 46 F 12:3, lower fill H. 28.6; Diam. of body 17.5. Many fragmentsof body missing. Resting surface outwardly beveled; resting surface and underside reserved. Top of handle, where it over hangs mouth, very pointed. Dull black glaze. Similar: P 8302 (C 12:2). 325-300 468 (P 7772) Fig. 34, P1.46 AgoraXII, no. 129, p. 245, pl. 7. E 3:1 H. 28.1; Diam. of body 16.2. Small sections of body and part of rim restored; no wear on resting surface or underside. Underside extends below foot, so pot rocks on rounded surface;outwardlybeveled restingsurface. Top of handle very pointed. Dull glaze, mottled black to red. Similar: P 19347 (D 16:1, lower fill). 300-275 469 (P 1823) Fig. 35, PI. 46 H. A. Thompson 1934, A 6, pp. 320-321, fig. 5; AgoraXII, no. 132, p. 245, pl. 7; AgoraV, p. 30, under G 90. G 13:4, lower fill (Group A) H. 23.2; Diam. of body 13.9. Small parts of neck and rim restored; resting surface and top of handle very worn. Beveled resting surface. Top of handle very pointed. Dull black glaze with red patches. 300-275 470 (P 30955) R 13:9 P.H. 12.0; Diam. of neck 4.6.

Ill. 1, P1.47

294

CATALOGUE

Lower body and much of rim missing. Ribbed body; gap in ribbingbelow spout, with traceof white painted decoration (top of diagonal branch?). Glazed groove around neck, above ribbing. Top of handle very pointed. Neck: charm necklace with single band. Charms alternate with double chains and are attached with double chains:horizontal bar; crescent; horizontal bar. Metallic black glaze. For decorative scheme cf. the much earlier P 12816 (AgoraXII, no. 134, p. 245, pl. 7 [O 18:2]). 300-275 471 (P 16646) Fig. 35, P1.47 AgoraXII, under no. 133, p. 245. K-L 18-20:1, east branch H. 23.6; Diam. of body 12.3. Handle, pouring lip, and pieces of body and foot missing; very slight wear on resting surface. Beveled resting surface; underside slightly nippled. Shiny black glaze; finger markson foot and lower body. Cf. Braun 1970, no. 116, p. 144, pl. 59:1. Ca. 275 SMALL

472 (P 6721) Fig. 35, P1.47 D-E 8-9:1 H. 16.1; Diam. of body 9.6. Part of body and pieces of rim missing. Strongly projecting foot, attached asymmetrically;reserved resting surface;slightly pointed underside. Top of handle only slightly pointed. Shiny black glaze. P 6936, from same deposit, is slightly larger and unglazed underneath but similar in shape. 325-300 473 (P 29212) Fig. 35, P1.47 J5:1,V P.H. 16.2; Diam. of body 9.6. Most of foot, handle, and rim missing. Irregular underside; unglazed underneath. Ribbed body; ribs begin at a glazed groove ca. 1 cm. above foot. Neck: opposing myrtle garland. Dull gray glaze. Cf. Hayes 1984a, no. 239, pp. 144-145, Gnathiaware, early 3rd century. 325-300 474 (P 6951) Fig. 35, P1.47 D-E 8-9:1 P.H. 10.4; Diam. of body 6.6. Neck and mouth missing; foot chipped. Beveled restingsurface;nippled underside;unglazed underneath. Shiny black glaze. 325-300 475 (P 19348) Fig. 35, PI. 47 AgoraXII, no. 133, p. 245, pl. 7. D 16:1, lower fill H. 15.8; Diam. of body 8.9. Parts of body and most of pouring lip restored. Rounded resting surface; nippled underside; unglazed underneath. Shallow, irregular, glazed groove on lower body above foot. Top of handle pointed. Shiny brown glaze with red mottling;finger markson foot and lower body. 300-275

476 (P 6290) Fig. 35, P1.47 E 14:1, lower fill H. 14.1; Diam. of body 8.0. Partsof wall restored. Flat restingsurface;rough underside;unglazed underneath. Foot attached asymmetrically.Top of handle very blunt; handle thin but triangularin section. Shiny black-to-brownglaze. Cf. Kerameikos IX, no. 379:F, p. 163, pl. 68:3. 250-225 477 (P 6289) Fig. 35, PI. 47 E 14:1, lower fill Rest. H. 16.6; Diam. of body 9.4. Foot, much of lower body, part of neck, and most of mouth restored. Body carefully grooved. Diagonal grooves under handle. Top of handle blunt;handle thin but triangularin section. Ivy garland around neck. Dull red-to-brownglaze. 250-225 478 (P 5802) Fig. 35, P1.47 AgoraXII, under no. 133, p. 245. E 14:1, lower fill H. 13.3; Diam. of body 8.6. Handle restored;rim and foot chipped; no wear. Rounded resting surface;pointed underside. Body horizontally faceted. One to three faint glazed grooves on shoulder, below painted decoration. Ivy garland running right around neck, with single ribbons at ends. Leaves on stems alternate with white dot rosettes. Shiny black glaze, mottled red, and red on lower body. 225-200 479 (P 6288) Fig. 35, PI. 47 E 14:1, lower fill H. 14.3; rest. Diam. of body 8.5. Handle, most of body, and half of rim restored. Beveled restingsurface;pointed underside;unglazed underneath. Offset at base ofneck, below painted decoration. Probably a plain strap handle, carelesslyapplied at top. Spearhead necklace with ties at ends around neck. Very metallic black glaze. 225-200 480 (P 17863) Fig. 35, P1.47 M21:l H. 17.6; Diam. of body 10.9. Holes in wall, mouth missing, and foot chipped but otherwise intact; much wear under handle. Beveled resting surface; unglazed underneath. On body carelessgrooving,verticalto right of handle, at angle to vertical at left of handle. Above, scraped groove with slight glazed groove below. Diagonal grooves below handle; two zigzag grooves run from each side of lower handle attachmentto foot. Strap handle with ridge in center on outside, no point at top. Ivy garlandrunningright around neck; leaves on incised stems. Metallic brown-to-redglaze; miltos. For incised stem on ivy garland see 193 and referencescited there. 225-200 481 (P 18711) M21:1 H. 14.6; Diam. of body 8.0. Rim chipped.

Fig. 36, P1.47

VESSELS FOR POURING AND DIPPING Beveled restingsurface. Possiblyunintentionalgroove above foot and wider one part way around at point of greatest diameter. Slightly angular profile. Plain strap handle, concave to outside. Metallic gray to tan glaze. Similar: P 28636 (P 21:4). 200-175 482 (P 15154) Fig. 36, PI. 48 no. 245. under 133, XII, Agora p. N 21:4, middle fill H. 14.8; Diam. of body 8.3. Part of rim missing; glaze peeling badly, but little wear on resting surface. Beveled resting surface; nippled underside. Plain strap handle. Shiny black glaze; finger marks on foot and lower body. 200-175 483 (P 19097) Fig. 36, PI. 48 N 20:6, lower fill H. 14.5; Diam. of body 7.9. Fragmentsof lip and body missing. Angular foot; rounded resting surface;roughly nippled underside. Underside and lowest 1 cm. of body unglazed. Metallic brown glaze. 200-175 484 (P 20366) Fig. 36, PI. 48 Area D 16, lot 00 607 (context mostly of first half of 2nd century,with several late-2nd-centurypieces), with 1319 PH. 12.9; Diam. of body 7.3. Handle and most of lip missing. Angular foot; flat resting surface;pointed underside. Offset at base of neck. Dull black glaze. Similar:P 4004 (H. A. Thompson 1934, C 10, p. 349, fig. 29 [G 6:2]) and P 23401, the latter without offset but similar in profile. 175-165 485 (P 24027) Fig. 36, PI. 48 Area I 14, lots K 217, 218 (context no later than mid2nd century; see Rotroff 1988a, p. 90) PH. 10.8; Diam. of body 7.6. Handle and mouth missing. Beveled resting surface;nippled underside. Offset at shoulder. Plain strap handle. Metallic brown glaze; finger marks on foot and lower body. Similar: P 3635. 175-165 486 (P 8033) Fig. 36, PI. 48 E 6:1, lower fill P.H. 12.1; Diam. of body 8.1. Handle and mouth missing; foot chipped. Rounded resting surface; pointed underside. Two grooves on shoulder. Plain strap handle. Dull red glaze. 150-125 487 (P 10836) Fig. 36, P1.48 H 12:1 H. 12.6; Diam. of body 7.5. Part of rim missing; foot chipped. Rounded restingsurface. Some rough and perhapsunintentional grooves above foot. Two grooves above level of handle attachment. Plain strap handle. Dull purple glaze. 150-100

295

488 (P 27108) Fig. 36, P1.48 M 23:1, northwest chamber PH. 9.0; Diam. of body 7.6. Mouth and handle missing; slight wear on resting surface. Beveled resting surface. Body horizontally faceted. Two grooves on shoulder at level of handle attachment. Very thin neck with groove at top of preservedarea. Plain strap handle. Dull brown-to-blackglaze. Late 2nd to early 1st century 489 (P6911) Fig. 36, P1.48 D 11:4, in mouth of tunnel leading to D 12:2 H. 12.6; Diam. of body 6.6. Handle and part of rim and foot missing Beveled resting surface; concave underside. Groove on shoulder at level of handle attachment. Body irregularly grooved; crude diagonal grooves below plain strap handle. Metallic black glaze, mostly missing. 100-50 490 (P 5920) Fig. 36, PI. 48 Rotroff 1991, no. 90, p. 93, pl. 38. Area F 10-11, lots B 154 and 155 (ate Hellenistic context), with 1151 PH. 14.2; Diam. of body 10.6. Mouth and handle missing;glaze peeling, but little wear. Angular foot; flat resting surface. Two scraped grooves at level of handle attachment and two on thin neck. Strap handle. Shoulder: alternatingorange and white vertical tears. Belly: large ivy garland with undulating white stem. Each leaf accompanied by white dot rosette; white V overpainted on leaves. Shiny black glaze. Large Leaf Group 1. Decorationvery similarto that of 1151; cf. also 1236, 1275. For white detail on leaves see 1277. 120-86 491 (P 28437) Fig. 36, P1.48 P 20:2 P.H. 10.7; est. Diam. of body 12.0. Foot and part of lower body preserved. Widely flaring, angular foot; beveled resting surface; flat underside. Scraped groove on shoulder at level of handle attachment. Ivy garland running right on upper wall, below groove. Straight stem overpainted white; leaves on stems alternate with white dot rosettes. Metallic black glaze, red all over inside; finger markson foot; miltos. Glazed interior unique for this shape. Context of second half of 2nd century, but style of decoration unusual for such a late date. For ivy cf. Alt-AginaII, i, no. 479, p. 69, pl. 36. 2nd century VARIANT

492 (P 6212) Fig. 36, P1.48 AgoraXII, no. 138, p. 245, pl. 7. G 11:4 Rest. H. 16.0; rest. Diam. of body 11.4. Large parts of body, neck, and rim restored. Low,flaringring foot with flat restingsurface;convex underside; unglazed underneath. Wide neck, trefoil mouth. Strap handle. Shiny black glaze outside and upper interior, finger markson lower wall. Cf. Braun 1970, no. 25, p. 136, pl. 54:4 (unglazed). Ca. 300

296

CATALOGUE

493 (P 2882) Fig. 36, PI. 48 H. A. Thompson 1934, A 37, p. 321, fig. 5; AgoraXII, no. 1632, p. 351, pl. 74; Jones, Graham, and Sackett 1973, p. 383, under no. 58. G 13:4, lower fill (Group A) H. 22.5; Diam. of body 16.4. Parts of body and rim restored. Shape as 492, but inner edge of foot set off from underside. Inside glazed dull brown; unglazed outside except for two bands at greatest diameter and dribble from lip. Ca. 300 LAGYNOS

494 (P 18710) Fig 37, P1.49 M21:1 H. 17.5; Diam. of body 14.5. Mouth and upper part of handle restored. Flaring foot, weakly molded; flat resting surface; convex underside. Two scraped grooves at base of neck; neck constricted below rim. Pellets flank upper handle attachment. Double-grooved handle. Dull brown glaze. Cf. Braun 1970, no. 169, p. 153, pl. 68:2. 200-175 495 (P 7041) Fig. 37, P. 49 AgoraXXVII, no. 286, p. 205, pl. 56. Q11:3 H. 29.8; Diam. of body 24.6. Upper part of handle, parts of wall, two-thirdsof foot, and center of floor restored. Flaring foot with glazed groove in side; beveled resting surface; convex underside. Scraped groove around base of neck. Scraped groove below lip. Knobs flank upper handle attachment. Handle has two ridges, thumb impressionat base. Shiny glaze, mottled black to brown. 175-160 496 (P 11421) Fig. 37, P1.49 F 5:1, middle fill P.H. 13.8; Diam. of body 10.8. Rim and handle missing. Flaring foot; rounded resting surface; pointed underside. Scraped groove at top of body; neck slightly offset. Scraped groove below rim. Shiny black glaze; miltos. 175-160 497 (P 19792) Fig. 37, P1.49 Area R 10, deposited before ca. 150 (no lot) P.H. 7.4; Diam. of body 12.4. Parts of body restored;neck and handle missing. Angular foot with one to two grooves in outer face; beveled resting surface; pointed underside. Scraped groove at base of neck. Metallic gray glaze; finger marks on foot and lower body; miltos. 175-160 498 (P 19828) Fig. 37, P1.49 D 17:5, upper fill P.H. 7.6; Diam. of body 8.1. Neck and handle missing; foot chipped. Small, weakly molded foot; rounded resting surface;deeply concave underside. Scraped groove at base of neck. Shiny black glaze with metallic patches; finger marks on foot and lower body. 150-100

WITHTHINNECK PITCHER 499 (P 26850) Fig. 37, PI. 49 E 14:1, lower fill P.H. 6.0. Fragmentof neck, broken at top and bottom. Groove at bottom, scraped groove at top. Spearhead necklace with ties at ends. Band is two lines, the upper one white. Palmette above. Lustrousblack glaze on outside only. 275-250 500 (P 4007) Fig 37, P1.49 H. A. Thompson 1934, C 13, p. 350, fig, 32. G 6:2 (Group C) P.H. 9.0. Neck and part of rim and shoulder preserved. Scraped groove at base and at top of neck. Neck: rays alternate with white tears. Shoulder: spearhead necklace framed above and below by line. Band is two lines with white between them; pendants attached by incised zigzag, possibly white dots between tips of pendants. Shiny blackglaze outside, dribblingdown interior of neck. For shape and decoration of neck cf. Dilos XXVII, D 75, p. 250, pl. 44. 250-175 501 (P 15269) Fig. 37, Pls. 49, 141 A-B 19-20:1 P.H. 9.3. Neck and upper handle attachment preserved. Scraped groove at top of neck. Bearded face in relief at handle attachment, looking into neck of vessel: man with thin cheeks, high cheekbones, hair receding at temples. Horizontal painted band with five pairs of streamers hanging from it around upper neck. Shiny black glaze outside, dribblingdown inside of neck. 2nd century OLPE 502 (P28731)

Fig. 37, P. 49

J5:1,V H. 16.0; Diam. of body 6.7. Small piece of wall missing. Distinct vertical edge at bottom; reserved underside. Shiny to dull black glaze with brown patches. 325-300 503 (P 28795) Fig. 37, P1.49 J 5:1, IV H. 15.0; Diam. of body 7.2. Rim and handle chipped. Beveled resting surface distinct from deeply concave underside. Lip has sharp edge, cupped on interior. Shiny blackglaze with brown patches, half missing. 300-275 504 (P 5787) Fig. 37, P1.49 E 14:1, lower fill H. 16.0; Diam. of body 6.9. Half of rim missing. Vertical edge at base. Mouth pinched to make small spout. Loop handle. Dull black glaze inside and out; finger marks on lower body. 275-250

VESSELS FOR POURING AND DIPPING 505 (P 16259) Fig. 37, PI. 49 N 21:4, lower fill P.H. 13.7; Diam. of body 6.4. Handle and mouth missing. Bottom of wall flares out to vertical edge at base. Angular shoulder. Shiny black glaze; finger markson lower body. 250-225 506 (P 398) Fig. 37, PI. 49 H 6:4 PH. 14.8; Diam. of body 6.8. Handle, most of rim, and part of upper body missing Groove above base and at one-third height. Spout. Shiny black-to-ocherglaze. 225-200 507 (P 15165) Fig. 37, PI. 49 N 21:4, lower fill H. 12.0; Diam. of body 5.3. Edge of foot and much of rim and handle mi,ssing. Distinct, projecting foot. Barrel-shaped body with slight angle at shoulder. Spout, with offset on outs;ide. Metallic black glaze. 250-225 508 (P5659) Fi 37PI 49 Fig. '37,P. 49 E 14:1, lower fill, or E 14:3 H. 10.6; Diam. of body 5.4. Handle and most of rim missing;lower body chipped. No foot. Slight angle at shoulder. Shiny blaclk glaze. 250-225 509 (P 19930) Fig. 37, P1.49 D 17:4, lower fill and northeast channel H. 16.0; Diam. of body 7.2. Handle and half of mouth missing; foot chipF)ed. Foot with torus edge, with broad, shallow groove above it; rounded resting surface; nippled underside. Spout. Dull brown glaze. Late 2nd to early 1st century 510 (P 10889) Fig.37, P1.49 D 11:4, lower fill PH. 15.0; Diam. of body 6.8. Mouth, handle, half of shoulder,and part of )ody missing. Foot with torus edge; rounded resting surface E;nippled underside. Metallic black glaze; finger markson fo>ot. Late 2nd to early 1st century BICONICALJUG

511 (P621) Fig. 8, P. 50 H. A. Thompson 1934, D 20, p. 373, fig. 58;.Agora V, p.l14, under F 44. H 16:4 (Group D) H. 10.5; Diam. of body 8.7. About one-third of body and most of rim rest red. Flat underside. Convex rim. Double handle parting and running along rim at top, bound with loop of clay at arch. Fabricslightly darkfor Attic (5YR 5/6); shiny bl.ackglaze with brown patches. Cf. DelosXXVII, D 230, p. 261, pl. 49. 140-130 512 (P622) Fig. 38, P1.50 H. A. Thompson 1934, D 21, p. 373; AgoraV,p. 14, under F 44.

297

H 16:4 (Group D) H. 9.3; Diam. of body 7.2. Handle and chips of rim and body missing Slightly concave underside. Very good shiny black glaze. 140-130 513 (P 3363) Fig. 38, P1.50 H. A. Thompson 1934, E 55, p. 397, fig. 86; AgoraV, p. 14, under F 44. F 15:2 (Group E) P.H. 10.6; Diam. of body 9.5. Upper body and many pieces of lower body missing Flat underside. Dull black glaze with metallic patches. 140-130? 514 (P 11858) Fig. 38, PI. 50 AgoraV, F 44, pp. 14-15, pl. 1. N 19:1, upper fill (Group F) Rest. H. 13.5; Diam. of body 11.2. Bottom, handle, and two-thirdsof body and rim restored. Two grooveson exteriorofrim. Lightred fabric(2.5YR 6/6) with mica, small grits, and voids; gritty, shiny red glaze (2.5YR 4.8), with lower body partly unglazed. Similar:P 22097 (AgoraV,G 88, p. 30, pl. 5 [D 4:1, LayerII]). Cf. AeXr 21, 1966, B' 1 [1968], p. 80, pl. 84:a, from late Hellenistic to early Roman potters' debris on Otho Street in Athens. 100-25 SMALLJUGWITHWIDE MOUTH TYPEI

Moldmade 515 (P 28601) Fig. 38, PI. 50 P 21:4 H. 7.6; Diam. of body 9.0. Handle and part of body missing; rim chipped. Neck offset from body,with scraped groove at base. Molded rim. Double handle. Scraped groove at top of moldmade section. Medallion: eight-petaled rosettewithin delicate ridge, scraped groove, and heavier ridge. Wall: three rows of small, pointed leaves and five rows of lotus petals. Painted on neck: bead and reel, with white bead. On shoulder: five panels of checkerboardand concentric rectangles, with rectanglesat center, opposite handle. Shiny black glaze; miltos. Cf. P 17864 (Agora XXII, no. 406, p. 92, pls. 69, 89 [M 21:1]). 225-200 516 (P 12032) N 20:6, lower fill P.H. 5.5; est. Diam. of body 9.5. Part of wall and shoulder.

Fig 38, PI. 50

Sharply angular shoulder. Scraped groove at top of moldmade section. Moldmade body: ferns (their tips nodding alternately right and left) spaced by pointed lotus petals, with floral tendrils between them. Rim: guilloche between ridges. Painted on shoulder:lattice with white band at bottom. Shiny black glaze. For moldmade decoration cf. P 5813, P 19096, P 20267 (AgoraXXII, nos. 49, 51, 52, p. 50, pls. 8, 9, 73, 74 [E 14:1, lower fill, N 20:6, M 21:1]); P 4825 (Rotroff 1982, no. 8, pp. 336-337, pl. 83). 225-200

298

CATALOGUE

517 (P 22135) Fig 38, Pl. 50 Area O 15, lot T 6, envelope 1 (late Hellenistic to early Roman context?) P.H. 6.8. Part of wall and shoulder, to base of neck, with trace of handle attachment on shoulder. Pinecone moldmade wall, with scraped groove at top. Scraped groove at base of neck. Shoulder:ivy garlandrunning right, with white stem and incised tendrilsaccented with white. Painted line around handle attachment. Metallic black glaze. Identical painted decoration and floral moldmade body: P 31717 (H-K 12-14). Similar garland in same position on P 17864 (AgoraXXII, no. 406, p. 92, pls. 69, 89 [M 21:1]) and P 26257 (floral, probably from WorkshopA [M 18:10]). Perhapssimilar but larger: 620. Ca. 200 Wheelmade 518 (P 26393) Fig. 38, P1.50 M 18:10 P.H. 5.7; est. Diam. of body 8.8. One-fourth of shoulder and mouth, with handle. Nearly horizontal shoulder. Two scraped grooves at base of neck. Flaring rim with upturned edge, concave to inside. Strap handle with ivy-leaf thumb rest, from lip to shoulder. Fine, slightly micaceous, light red fabric (2.5YR 6/8); dull mottled brown glaze. Body could have been moldmade. Handle and fabric unusual; possibly an import. 200-175 519 (P 11439) Fig. 38, P1.50 E 5:2, lower fill P.H. 7.0; est. Diam. of body 8.8. Part of neck, shoulder,and belly; rim and bottom missing. Globular body with three to four glazed grooves preserved on lower wall. Scraped groove at greatestdiameter and at base of neck. Wide neck; flaringrim with upturnededge, concave to inside. Handle scar precludes strap handle; possibly a double handle. Painted on neck: white wavy line. On shoulder: checkerboardand concentric rectangles. Metallic black glaze, dull inside. 225-175 TYPE 2

520 (P 623) Fig. 38, PI. 50 H. A. Thompson 1934, D 23, p. 373, fig. 58. H 16:4 (Group D) H. 6.3; Diam. of body 5.9. Handle, most of rim, one-third of body, and half of foot missing. Ring foot; rounded resting surface,pointed underside. Two grooves at shoulder; slight groove at base of neck. Shiny black glaze. Ca. 135 521 (P 14475) Fig. 38, P1.50 M 20:1, lower fill PH. 5.4; Diam. of body 5.7. Half of upper body and neck. Two ridges on shoulder. Shiny black glaze. Ca. 135

BAGGYASKOS

522 (P 18573) Fig. 38, PI. 50 Young 1951b, no. 7:3, p. 122, pl. 52:a. B 19:6 H. 10; Diam. of body 7.9. Small parts restored. Flaringring foot; beveled restingsurface;convex underside. Globular body set on foot at 45-degree angle. Trefoil mouth cut away, so that rim is nearly horizontal. Basket handle from mouth to belly, round in section. Painted around neck: spearhead necklacewith ties at ends. Row of dots below single band. Shiny to dull black glaze inside and out, with reddish brown patches. Cf. Watzinger 1901, no. 23, pp. 77-78. For overlapping links of spearhead necklace, cf. 170, 189, 197. The shape was made in household ware but only once with a foot (P 14177 [O 20:3, 1]). 290-270 SMALLJUG WITH GLAZED INTERIOR

523 (P 28082) Fig. 38, P1.50 F 16:8 H. 10.9; Diam. 8.7. Partlyrestored. Small, raised base with flaring profile, slightly concave underneath. Steep lower wall. Inclined, concave neck, slightly outturned rim. Strap handle. Very micaceous, soft reddish yellow clay (5YR 7/6); dull black glaze inside, dribbled from lip on outside. Similar:P 20864 (D 17:3). For shape cf. Jones, Graham, and Sackett 1973, no. 60, p. 383, fig. 8, pl. 72 (largerand banded). 300-275 524 (P 16647) Fig. 38, P1.50 K-L 18-20:1, east branch H. 9.8; Diam. 8.8. About one fourth of upper body missing. Flaring ring foot; flat resting surface; nippled underside. Rounded lower body with smooth transition to concave, inclined neck. Outturned rim. Strap handle joins well below rim. Very micaceous, reddish yellow clay (7.5YR 7/6); dull brown glaze inside, with a few dribbles on exterior. Virtually identical: P 11244 (B 13:7, bottom fill). 300-250 525 (P 18712) Fig. 38, P1.50 M 21:1 H. 11.6; Diam. 9.3. Intact. Angular ring foot; slightly beveled resting surface; nippled underside. Deep lower body, slightly angular profile. Neck inclined; rim flat on top, sloping to inside. Handle joins well below rim. Micaceous, pink clay (7.5YR 7/4) with white inclusions; dull, peeling, brown-to-blackglaze inside and spattered on rim outside. Another, fragmentary,from the same deposit: P 18757. 225-175 526 (P 1087) Area H 17 H. 13.3; Diam. 10.8 Pieces of body missing.

Fig. 38, P1.50

VESSELS FOR POURING AND DIPPING Angular ring foot; rounded resting surface; convex underside. Deep lower body. Neck inclined, with slightly incurved rim, flat on top and sloping to inside. Strap handle faintly grooved, joins well below rim. Very micaceous, light brown clay (7.SYR 6/4); thin brown glaze inside and on lip. 225-175 527 (P 18471) Fig. 38, P1.50 H. A. Thompson 1948, pp. 166-167, pl. 46:3; Young 1951b, no. 13:11, p. 130, pl. 54:a. C 17:2 H. 12.2; Diam. 8.7. Handle and one fourth of body restored;burned. Raised base, flat underneath. Irregular,ovoid body. Nearly cylindrical neck. Broad groove and ridge below plain rim. Trace of ivy garland in glaze on neck. Micaceous, pink clay (7.5YR 7/4) with white inclusions;peeling brown glaze inside, with dribbles on outside. Cf. Vanderpool, McCredie, and Steinberg 1962, no. 40, p. 38, pl. 21; AeXr 21, 1966, B' 1 [1968], pl. 73:c. 275-250 ROUND-MOUTHJUG 528 (P6279) Fig. 39, P1.51 E 14:1, lower fill H. 16.6; Diam. 17.6; capacity(measuredto rim)2410 cu. cm. Large pieces of wall and part of foot restored. Outer face of foot grooved partway around; flat resting surface, reserved; pointed underside. Glazed groove at base of rim. Shiny red glaze, mottled to black. 250-200 529 (P 18709) Fig. 39, P1.51 M21:1 H. 16.6; Diam. 15.2; capacity 1650+ cu. cm. (measuredto rim). Two-thirds of rim and part of wall restored. Slightly pointed underside. Shiny black glaze. 225-175 530 (P 26153) Fig. 39, PI. 51 M 18:10 H. 14.7; Diam. 14.3. Handle, about half of body, and piece of rim missing. Tall, narrow foot with slightly beveled resting surface; pointed underside. Dull black glaze. Ca. 175 531 (P 13688) Fig. 39, P1.51 G 5:3, lower fill H. 17.6; Diam. 15.0; capacity(measuredto rim) 1690 cu. cm. Half of mouth and part of wall restored. Slightly beveled resting surface; pointed underside. Dull brown glaze. 175-150 532 (P 15898) Fig. 39, PI. 51 F 19:6 H. 17.4; Diam. 16.0; present capacity (measured to rim) 1995 cu. cm. (heavy restorationhas diminished capacity). Handle, parts of rim, almost all of mouth restored. Flat underside. Narrow neck with flaring rim; no scraped groove at base. Fourto five glazed grooves around body below mid height. Metallic black glaze. Late 2nd to early 1st century

299

ROUND-MOUH JUGLET MEDIUM SIZE

533 (P 620) Fig. 39, P1.51 H. A. Thompson 1934, D 19, p. 373, fig. 58. H 16:4 (Group D) H. 9.0; Diam. 11.2. Handle, half of rim, and parts of body restored. Disk base with groove on lower wall above it; flat underside. Body horizontally faceted. Scraped groove at base of rim. Shiny black glaze. Similar:P 3364 (H. A. Thompson 1934, E 56, p. 398, fig. 86 [F 15:2]). Cf. also Braun 1970, no. 210, p. 161, pl. 77:1 (same profile but smaller). 150-130 534 (P 22947) Fig. 39, PI.51 M-N 15:1 (4) H. 8.2; Diam. 10.0. Handle and more than half of mouth and upper body missing. Lower exterior burnt, much carbon on floor inside. Slightly concave bottom with crisp edge. Baggy profilewith low greatest diameter. Body curves smoothly into rim. Dull red glaze. 175-150 535 (P 16102) Fig. 39, P1.51 G 14:2, upper fill H. 7.9; Diam. 10.0. Half of mouth and more than half of body restored;handle missing. Slightly concave bottom. Flattened spherical profile. Vertical rim. Dull black-to-brownglaze. For smalljuglet of similar profile cf. 551. Late 2nd to early 1st century SMALLSIZE

PlainHandle 536 (P 20419) Fig. 39, P1.52 A 18-19:1 H. 7.5; Diam. 8.3. Handle and part of rim missing. Slightly concave underside, reserved and painted with miltos. Globularbody curves out smoothly into flaring rim. Handle roundin section. Dull brownto shiny blackglaze on outside and on inside of rim; interior unglazed. Context, according to notebooks, is mid-5th century, but Sparkesand Talcott rejected the piece as intrusive. 4th century? 537 (P 14189) Fig. 39, P1.52 O 20:2 PH. 5.6; Diam. 7.4. Handle and rim missing; about half of body restored. Concave underside with crisp edge. Pear-shaped body, horizontallyfaceted. Strap handle. Dull black-to-brownglaze. 250-200 538 (P 26266) Fig. 39, P1.52 M 18:10 H. 5.5; Diam. 6.1. Half of rim and one-fourth of body missing. Concave underside. Pear-shapedbody with slight angle at greatest diameter. Dull black glaze. 200-175

300

CATALOGUE

539 (P 23043) Fig. 39, P1.52 M-N 15:1 (4) H. 5.2; Diam. 6.5. Handle and most of rim missing. Slightly concave underside. Profile nearly angular, with greatest diameter very low. Dull brown glaze. 175-150 540 (P 520) Fig. 39, P1.52 G 14:2, middle fill, at 13 m. H. 6.8; Diam. 7.4. Intact; burnt on one side. Flat bottom with string marks. Fabric contains much mica and black inclusions; dull brown glaze. Yellow pigment all over outside; red pigment inside, in places overlyingthe yellow. Some red also on outside. Chemical analysis of the pigments performed by Stephen Koob in 1980 in the Agora conservation laboratory showed that the yellow pigment contains iron and is possibly limenite (yellowocher). The red pigment contains little or no iron. 2nd century 541 (P 3438) Fig. 39, P1.52 G 11:1 H. 5.1; Diam. 6.5; capacity (measuredto rim) 80 cu. cm. Rim chipped. Flat bottom with groove around edge. Glazed groove at base of rim. Dull red glaze. Similar treatment of bottom and rim on 542. Similar profile: P 12154 (N 20:4, fill II), P 19922 (D 17:4, upper fill). Cf. also Schlorb-Vierneisel 1966, no. 201:4, p. 110, pl. 61:8, from grave of second half of 2nd century. 150-125 542 (P 15653) Fig. 39, P1.52 D 19:2, fill I H. 5.0; Diam. 6.5; capacity (measuredto rim) 87 cu. cm. Handle missing. Slightlyconcave undersidewith groove aroundedge. Glazed groove at base of rim. Dull black glaze, mostly missing. For foot and groove at base of rim cf. 541. 150-75 543 (P 27592) Fig. 39, P1.52 Area M 15, late Hellenistic context (no lot) H. 6.0; Diam. 6.9; capacity (measuredto rim) 105 cu. cm. Rim chipped. Flat bottom with groove at base of wall, forming rough disk base. Pear-shapedbody. Dull black glaze. Late 2nd to early 1st century 544 (P 3263) Fig. 39, P1.52 Area E 14, lot r 79 (fill in Great Drain, late 2nd and first half of 1st century), with 1731 H. 5.2; Diam. 6.7. Half of rim and small pieces of wall and handle missing. Slightlyconcave undersidewith string marks. Baggy profile. Dull red glaze. Late 2nd to 1st century 545 (P 753) Fig. 39, PI. 52 Area H 17 H. 4.3; Diam. 6.9; capacity (measuredto rim) 65 cu. cm. Wall chipped.

Slightly concave underside. Very squat profile. Verticalrim with slight ridge at half height. Large white inclusions; dull brown-to-redglaze. 2nd or 1st century 546 (P 4220) Fig. 39, P1.52 Area F 13-14, lot r 92 (late-2nd- to early-ist-century fill in Great Drain) H. 4.5; Diam. 6.2. Rim chipped; handle and piece of wall missing. Concave underside. Slightly angular body. Groove at base of rim. Rim concave to inside, with sharp lip. Dull black glaze. Late 2nd to 1st century 547 (P 5646) Fig. 39, P1.52 E 14:3 H. 5.0; Diam. 6.3. Handle and part of rim and body restored. Slightly concave underside. Body slightly angular. Scraped groove at base of neck. Dull red glaze. 125-75 548 (P 10252) Fig. 39, PI. 52 B 13:7, second fill H. 5.3; Diam. 5.7; capacity (measuredto rim) 64 cu. cm. Intact. Flat underside with knob in center, and so pot does not rest evenly; groove three-fourthsof the way around center. Dull brown glaze. 125-75 549 (P8926) Fig. 39, P1.52 M 20:1, middle fill H. 4.8; Diam. 6.1. Handle restored. Flat bottom. Body horizontally faceted. Dull brown glaze. Similar glaze on 555. Late 2nd to early 1st century 550 (P 5657) Fig. 39, P1.52 E 14:3, in tunnel leading to E 14:1 H. 5.1; Diam. 6.1; capacity (measuredto rim) 75 cu. cm. Handle and chips of rim missing. Small bottom. Slightly concave underside. Metallic black glaze, mostly missing. 125-75 551 (P3306) Fig. 39, P1.52 Area E 14, lot r 83 (late-2nd-century to early Roman fill in Great Drain), with 566 H. 4.4; Diam. 5.5. Handle missing. Slightly concave underside with wheel marks. Dull purple glaze. Shape like the larger 535. Late 2nd to 1st century DoubleHandle 552 (P 624) Fig. 40, P1.52 H. A. Thompson 1934, D 22, p. 373, fig. 58; AgoraV, p. 16, under F 55. H 16:4 (Group D) H. 5.1; Diam. 6.0; capacity (measuredto rim) 82 cu. cm. Handle missing, rim chipped. Slightly concave bottom with crisp edge. Scraped groove at base of rim. Shiny black glaze; finger markson wall. 150-130

VESSELS FOR POURING AND DIPPING 553 (P 7004) Fig. 40, P1.52 D 11:4, lower fill H. 4.7; Diam. 6.3; capacity (measuredto rim) 81 cu. cm. Rim chipped; burned. Groove at base of wall and recessed underside create low ridge as restingsurface. Scraped groove at base of rim. Metallic black glaze; miltos. 150-100 554 (P 32) Fig. 40, P1.52 Area H 5 H. 5.9; Diam. 6.9; capacity (measuredto rim) 133 cu. cm. Rim chipped, handle missing. Slightly concave underside. Slight groove at base of wall. Scraped groove at base of rim. Dull black glaze. 150-100 555 (P 19474) Fig. 40, P1.52 B 18:12, lower fill H. 4.5; Diam. 4.7; capacity (measuredto rim) 42 cu. cm. Handle missing, rim chipped. Flat bottom. Kettle-shaped body. Dull brown glaze, thin and irregular. Similar glaze on 549. 150 to early 1st century

301

560 (P 28630) Fig. 40, P1.52 P21:4 H. 4.6; Diam. 7.8. Over half missing. Flat restingsurfacewith irregularrecessed underside. Light groove below rim. Shiny red glaze. 200-175 561 (P 31939 a, b) Fig. 40, P1.52 M21:1 H. 5.6; est. Diam. 8.0; max. p. dim. (b) 7.4. Two nonjoining sections. Fragmenta: half of bottom, onethird of wall and rim, with base of handle. Fragmentb: part of wall and rim. Flat bottom. Lower wall faceted, upper wall slightly concave. Loop handle attached at rim. Shiny brown glaze; finger markson lower body. 200-175 562 (P 22487) Fig. 40, P1.52 AgoraXXVII, no. 271, p. 203, pl. 54. Q-R 10-11:1 H. 3.6; Diam. 6.9. Part of upper wall restored;handle missing. Concave underside. One broad and two narrow grooves below rim. Thin, shiny brown glaze; finger marks. Ca. 175?

DIPPER

556 (P 5786) Fig. 40, P1.52 E 14:1, lower fill H. 3.5; Diam. 7.1. Small part of rim restored;handle missing. Disk base formed by groove at bottom ofwall; flatunderside. Two grooves below rim. Edge of handle scar attests presence of single handle. Shiny black glaze. 225-200 557 (P 28632) Fig. 40, P1.52 P21:4 H. 3.7; est. Diam. 6.0. Over half of body missing. Flat bottom. Slightly angular profile. Metallic black glaze; finger marks. Similar:P 15156 (Rotroff1994, p. 20, pl. 1:i [N 21:4, middle fill]). 200-175 558 (P 18742) Fig. 40, P1.52 M 21:1 H. 4.0; Diam. 6.4. Large piece of wall missing. Concave underside. Slight trace of groove below part of rim. Shiny black glaze. 200-175 559 (P 28631) Fig. 40, P1.52 P21:4 H. 4.6; Diam. 6.8. Handle and one-fourth of body missing. Flat bottom with irregular grooves. Pronounced groove below rim. Shiny red glaze. 200-175

563 (P 14306) Fig. 40, P1.52 N 20:7, lower fill H. 3.6; restored Diam. 6.8. Three-fourths of wall restored;handle missing. Slightly convex underside with groove around outside; unworn. Groove below rim. Metallic black glaze. Similar: P 10023 (A 14:1, fill I). Ca. 175? 564 (P 25433) Fig. 40, PI. 52 0 16:3 H. 4.7; est. Diam. 7.0. Most of floor,over half of body, and most of rim missing. Flat bottom with groove around edge. Body horizontally faceted. Broad groove below rim, with shallower, narrower groove above it. Dull brown glaze. 175-150 565 (P 27363) Fig. 40, P1.52 Area K 15, lot K 340 (mid-2nd-centurycontext), with 960 H. 5.1; Diam. 8.1. Three-fourthsof upper body and rim restored. Slightlyconcave undersidewith groove aroundedge. Upper body concave. Lower body horizontally faceted. Two grooves below rim. Shiny brown glaze. 150-100 566 (P 3311) Fig. 40, P1.52 Area E 14, lot r 83 (late-2nd-century to early Roman fill in Great Drain), with 551 H. 3.5. Handle and half of rim and body missing. Slightly concave bottom with groove around edge. Upper body concave. Very slight groove below rim. Shiny black glaze. 150-100?

302

CATALOGUE

567 (P 10888) Fig. 40, P1.52 D 11:4, lower fill H. 3.8; Diam. 6.6. Handle and one-third of rim and body missing. Irregular flat bottom. Body horizontally faceted. Groove below rim. Dull gray glaze; finger marks. 150-100? 568 (P 16121) Fig. 40, P1.52 G 14:2, middle fill, at 13 m. H. 3.7; Diam. 5.3. Rim chipped, handle missing. Slightly raised base with flat underside with string marks. Angular profile. Groove below rim. Very micaceous fabric; dull red glaze; finger marks. 150-100? SHELLDIPPER

569 (P6281) Fig. 40, P1.53 E 14:1. lower fill W. 11.0; max. p. dim. 12.1. A few small areas restored. Shallow, round-bottomed bowl, pinched in at one side to form a shell shape. Horizontal loop handle, round in section, joined at pinch. Metallic black glaze. 250-200 SITULA

570 (P 25994) Fig. 40, P1.53 F 17:3, middle fill H. 9.8; Diam. of rim 6.1. Foot and rim chipped. Very low ring foot; flat resting surface; pointed underside. Rim flat on top. Two scraped grooves below rim, another further down wall. Double handle. On upper wall: leaves alternate with incised hoops. Shiny black glaze below, brown above; miltos. For incised hoops cf. 212 and 1180. For shape cf. Pagenstecher 1913, p. 141, fig. 149:d, in black glaze, and Bothmer 1984, no. 74, pp. 46-47, in bronze. 250-225 571 (P518) Fig. 40, P. 53 Rotroff 1991, no. ll, p. 101. G 14:2, middle fill, at 13 m. H. 7.1; Diam. of rim 8.6. Foot and rim chipped. Disk base, concave underneath. Thickened rim with flat top sloping down to outside. Two grooves below rim, with trace of pseudo bead and reel between them; horizontal lines orange, vertical lines white. Shiny black-to-brownglaze; finger marks on lower body. Large Leaf Group 4. 120-100 572 (P 16111) Fig. 40, P1.53 Rotroff 1991, no. 112, p. 101. G 14:2, middle fill, at 13 m. H. 7.6. Part of upper body restored;handle missing. Flaring ring foot; flat resting surface; nippled underside. Two grooves below rim run partway around vessel. Rim

slightlyoutwardlythickened. Below rim, pairs of short vertical lines, probably bead and reel or pseudo bead and reel. Dull glaze, mottled red to black. Large Leaf Group 4. 120-100 573 (P 19180) Fig. 40, P1.53 Rotroff 1991, no. 109, p. 97, pl. 44. D 17:11, lower fill H. 8.8; Diam. of rim 7.7. Chips missing. Small, weakly molded foot; flat resting surface; slightly nippled underside. Body constricted below rim, with two grooves. Projecting rim, flat on top. Bead and reel below rim and on handle: orange bead, white reel. Gritty orangeto-brown glaze. Large Leaf Group 4. For decoration see 350. 120-86 574 (P 19181) Fig. 40, PI. 53 Rotroff 1991, no. 108, p. 97. D 17:11, lower fill H. 8.1; Diam. of rim 8.0. Intact. Disk base with molded profile, deeply concave underneath. Two scraped grooves below rim. Rim flat on top. Below rim, bead and reel, with white reel. Alternating orange and white stripes on top of rim and on handle. Dull red-to-brownglaze. Large Leaf Group 4. For decoration see 350. 120-86 575 (P 17150) Fig. 40, P. 53 Rotroff 1991, no. 110, p. 97. B 20:1, lowest part of lower fill H. 8.0; Diam. of rim 8.4. Handle restored. Disk base, concave with nipple underneath. Body slightly contracted at top. Rim outwardly thickened, flat on top. On upper wall, large dots with sagging line below, probably all in white. Dull orange-to-brownglaze. Large Leaf Group 4. 120-86 576 (P 14421) Fig. 40, P1.53 M 20:1, middle fill H. 7.6; Diam. of rim 7.7. Half of handle, one-third of body, and center of floor restored. Ring foot; irregular resting surface with slight groove at inner edge. Body constrictedbelow rim. Two to three grooves at top of wall. Outturned rim, nearly horizontal on top. Shiny black-to-brownglaze. 100-86 577 (P 31958) M-N 15:1 (4) P.H. 4.8; est. Diam. 6.7. Handle and lower body missing.

P1.53

SERVING VESSELS Baggy body, slightly molded rim with scraped groove below. Basket handle attached at rim. Pseudo bead and reel on shoulder, the horizontal elements white. Slightly metallic greenish brown glaze. 160-150 578 (P517) G 14:2, middle fill, at 13 m.

Fig. 40, PI. 53

303

H. 6.2; Diam. 7.1. Intact. Slightly concave underside. Squat body. Vertical rim with ridge at half height. On upper body, horizontal painted lozenges. On handle, horizontal single lines alternate with double vertical white lines. Shiny black glaze. 150-100

SERVING VESSELS KRATER CALYX-KRATER

579 (P27253) Fig. 41, P1.53 Area B-C 16-17 P.H. 3.2. Fragmentof upper part of lower body, broken all around. Wallis decoratedwith ribs; top ofone ribpreserved,outlined by painted ridge. There is also paint in the triangular area between the petals at the top: another line outlining the petal, and a straightline on the line of the division between the petals. Slightly micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/6) with some white inclusions;shiny blackglaze outside, streakyblackinside. Cf. Kopcke 1964, no. 55, p. 33, pl. 20:1. Late 4th century? BELL-KRATER

580 (P 18693) Fig. 41, P1.53 M21:l Rest. H. 33.0; Diam. of rim 27.0. Foot and lower body, parts of handles and wall, and most of rim restored;stem and foot restored,possibly incorrectly,on analogy with Classical bell-kraters. Body convex below, concave above. Three scraped grooves on wall: below rim, above and below handle attachments. Widely flaring rim. Horizontal handles, round in section, curving up. Upper register of painted decoration: grapevine running right. Thick, irregularstem; leaves on stems alternate with white dot rosettes. Lower register:five panels of alternating checkerboardsand concentric rectangles, with rectangles at center. Metallic black glaze, reddish brown on lower body; miltos. 225-200 BOLSTER-KRATER

581 (P4878) Fig. 41, P1.55 Rotroff 1991, no. 45, p. 78, pl. 25. H 6:4 P.H. 6.0. Fragmentof rim and upper wall. Nearly vertical wall. Two grooves below rim (the upper scraped, the lower partiallyscraped),and two grooves(possibly both scraped) near bottom of fragment. Broad rim projecting to outside and inside, slightly convex on top and sloping down to outside. Below rim, large rosette with alternating petals and fronds, between beards of wheat. Petals probablypainted white; traces of white paint on wheat. Rows of white(?)dots between pairs of grooves. Dull black glaze. Related to Dikeras Group. For rosette cf. 413. 260-250?

582 (P 15166) Fig. 41, PI. 54 Rotroff 1994, p. 22, pl. 2:&. N 21:4, lower fill Rest. H. 13.5; Diam. 28.2. Lower body and small part of rim restored; surface badly pitted. Partsof three clamps from ancient mend. Deep, nearly hemisphericalbowl with two scraped grooves below rim. Projecting rim, convex on top, with faint groove at inner and outer edge. Plain bolster handle, unpierced. On upper body, thymiaterionflanked by spearhead necklaces. Thymiaterion has spreading lower body, supported on two curved feet. Body painted white, with row of white dots and white line across bottom, and white dots across top. Rod accented with white dots. Thick band of necklace overpainted white, with row of white dots across top; pendants attached by incised zigzag line. Above necklace is spiral wave pattern running right, filled in with white below, over line and row of white dots. On upper surface of rim: pseudo bead and reel with white reel. Sagging orange line below handles. Metallic black glaze. Similar necklace: 1171 and 1270. 250-225 583 (P 18699) Fig. 41, P1.55 M 21:1 P.H. 9.3; est. Diam. 32.0. Part of rim and one handle attachment preserved. Rim projects to inside and outside; nearly horizontal on top. Trace of two scraped grooves below rim. Plain bolster handle, vertically pierced at center. Below, bearded head with helmet and cheek pieces: Herakles? Orange swag below handle. Metallic brown-to-blackglaze. From the same mold: P 21626 (K 7:1); similar also to 387. Cf. also 446. 225-200 584 (P28165) Fig. 41, Pls. 55, 141 F 17:4 P.H. 4.6. Fragmentof rim, with handle and plastic attachment. Rim slightly convex on top, projects slightly to inside and outside. Plain bolster, vertically pierced at center. Round, beardlessface in relief below. Shiny black glaze. 225-200 585 (P 22843) Fig. 41, P1.55 H-K 12-14 P.H. 5.1; est. Diam. of rim 60.0. Bolster and part of rim. Thick rim, projecting to outside, flat on top and sloping down slightly to outside. Very slight inward projection. Large bolster, vertically pierced twice at center. Trace of plastic

304

CATALOGUE

attachment below, now lost. Pseudo bead and reel with white reel on top of rim. Shiny brown glaze. 225-200 586 (P 20193) Fig. 41, PI. 55 AgoraXXVII, no. 212, p. 197, pl. 49. Q8-9 P.H. 13.0. Two nonjoining sections of upper body, partly restored. Two scraped grooves below rim and one below decoration. Rim projects to inside and outside and slopes down towards inside. Between scraped grooves on upper body: six panels of alternating checkerboards and concentric rectangles preserved. White wavy line below. On top of rim: bead and reel, with bead overpainted white. Metallic black glaze; miltos. 225-200 587 (P 28778) Fig. 41, Pls. 55, 141 P21:4 H. 15.0; Diam. of rim 32.9. Partsof rim and wall restored. Elaborately molded foot with scraped grooves between moldings; beveled resting surface, reserved; nippled underside. Low, broad bowl with two scraped grooves below rim. Rim flat on top, with scraped groove at inner and outer edge; projects inwardly and outwardly and slopes down slightly to outside. Elaborate bolster handles with three vertical grooves at center, two at ends, and plastic loop below with comic mask with square, curly beard in relief within it. Orange crosses on loop, vertical strokes on bolster, orange on eyebrows and hairline of mask; single grape leaves flank mask. Below rim: grapevine running right. Undulating white main stem (now nearly invisible); leaves on double stems alternate with rectangles of white dots. Pseudo bead and reel on top of rim. Metallic black glaze; miltos. Two more masks, probably from same mold, on bolster handles: P 283, P 18328 (A-B 19-20:1). For foot cf. 598 and 599. Similar grapevine: 832 and, less so, 1271. 200-185 588 (P 22882 a-c) Fig. 41, PI. 55 M-N 15:1 (4), disturbed PH. (a) 9.7, (b) 4.7, (c) 6.2; p.W. (a) 3.7, (b) 3.9, (c) 2.3; est. Diam. 36.0. Three nonjoining fragments of rim, with one bolster preserved on fragment a. Rim flat on top, with scraped groove at inner edge; projects slightlyto inside and outside. Two deep scrapedgroovesbelow rim. Bolster with one vertical groove at center and one at each end. Trace of plastic loop below handle preserved. Vertical parallel painted strokeson bolster and on plastic loop; grooves painted white. Below bolster, olive garland running right; stem is two lines with white wavy line between them. Top of rim: alternating dots (with white dots at centers) and white vertical tears. Small trace of paint on upper wall preserved on fragment b. Metallic black glaze. 200-185 589 (P 28166) Fig. 41, P1.55 F 17:4 P.H. 4.5; est. Diam. of rim 24.5. Fragmentof rim, with edge of handle scar at right.

Projecting rim, slightly concave on top. Two scraped grooves below rim. Handle was close under rim, like bolster handles. Lattice pattern on wall. Dull brown glaze, black inside; miltos. 225-185 LUG-HANDLED

KRATER

590 (P 16370) Fig. 42, P1.56 PF II, p. 48, note 22. F 19:2, upper fill H. 13.0; Diam. of rim 30.6; inner Diam. of rim 26.6; capacity (measuredwith wheat) 3.55 liters. Partsof wall and rim restored. Heavy ring foot with broad, reservedrestingsurface,slightly beveled; pointed underside. Two holes drilled in handle and two in walljust below it (for hanging?). Shiny black glaze. Another with similarrim profile:P 26852 (E 14:1, lower fill). Ca. 250 591 (P 16256) Fig. 42, P1.56 PF II, p. 48, note 22; Rotroff 1994, p. 22, pl. 3:y. N 21:4, lower fill H. 17.5; Diam. of rim 27.5; inner Diam. of rim 22.0; capacity (measuredwith water) 3.2-3.3 liters. Partsof wall and rim restored. High, snreading foot with raised edge, angular molding above; rounded resting surface; underside concave in two stages. Body slightly constricted below rim, which is nearly horizontal. Handles nearly horizontal, touch rim. Dull black glaze with red stacking circle on floor and red underneath. 240-225 592 (P 13675) Fig. 42, P1.56 G 5:3, lower fill P.H. 12.0; Diam. of rim 31.0; inner Diam. of rim 26.0. About half of rim and upper wall preserved;partly restored. Pale, micaceous fabric (7.5YR 7/6); shiny black glaze, mostly missing. For fabric and glaze cf. 263, 264, 593, and P 6764 (AgoraXXII, no. 224, pp. 71-72, pl. 44 [F 13:3, upper fill]). 225-200 593 (P27613) P1.56 I-0 15:1 (2) PH. 21.9; est. Diam. of rim 48.0; est. inner Diam. of rim 39.0; est. capacity 15.5+ liters. Less than halfofrim, one handle, and part of wall preserved; partly restored. Body slightly contracted below rim. Pale, micaceous fabric (7.5YR 7/4-8/4); shiny black glaze, somewhat peeling, with brown stackingcircle inside. Fabricas 592. 225-200 594 (P 10738) Fig. 43, P1.57 PF II, p. 48, note 22. F 5:1, middle fill P.H. 21.3; est. Diam. of rim 75.0; est. inner Diam. of rim 64.0; est. capacity 68+ liters. One handle, section of rim, and several nonjoining wall fragments(not illustrated). The largest example. Metallic gray to greenish and ocher glaze. 225-200

SERVING VESSELS 595 (P 23216) Fig. 42, Pls. 57, 147 Area O 16, possibly from building fill of South Stoa II (no lot) P.H. 4.1; p.L. 11.0; est. Diam. of rim 55.0; est. inner Diam. of rim 46.5; est. capacity 26+ liters. Rim fragment. Stamped on top of rim, within lozenge: ]MANOT. Metallic black-to-grayglaze. For similar stamps on Attic black glaze see 753, 774, 775, 1204-1206, 1209-1212 (P1. 147). Cf. also Gravani 1986, p. 126, fig. 129:6. 225-200 FEET OF BOLSTER-KRATERS

OR LUG-HANDLED

KRATERS

596 (P 26895) Fig. 42, P1.57 O 20:3, III P.H. 4.9; est. Diam. of foot 12.0. Part of foot and lower body preserved. Foot with slightly raised edge and molding above; no wear on curved resting surface. Shiny black glaze, brownish red underneath and on stacking circle on floor. 240-225 597 (P 21027) Fig. 42, P1.57 H-K 12-14 P.H. 5.1; Diam. of foot 14.6. Floor and large chips of edge missing;resting surfaceworn. Spreadingfoot with raised edge and angularmolding above. Curved resting surface. Metallic black glaze, brown on stacking circle on floor and underneath. 240-200 598 (P21110) Fig. 42, P1.57 M21:l P.H. 6.1; est. Diam. of foot 13.5. About half of foot preserved, with most of edge and center of floor restored;resting surface worn. Spreading foot with raised edge and two angular moldings above. Scraped groove below lower molding. Angular resting surface. Black glaze, metallic inside and underneath, shiny outside. Cf. 587 and 599. 240-200 599 (P 20194) Fig. 42, PI. 57 AgoraXXVII, no. 198, p. 193, pl. 48. Q8-9 P.H. 5.5; Diam. of foot 14.4. Whole foot preserved;resting surface worn. Spreading foot with three weak moldings, scraped groove below middle molding; resting surface outwardly beveled. Metallic black glaze with reddish brown stacking circle, stacking line and unglazed patch on underside. A handle from the same deposit: P 20195. Cf. 587 and 598. 240-200 600 (P 20903) Fig. 42, P1.57 AgoraXXI, Ha 13, p. 60, pl. 32 Q8-9 P.H. 4.0; Diam. of foot 15.0. About one-third of foot preserved;resting surface worn. Heavy foot with slightly raised edge and molding above; curvedrestingsurface. Underside and restingsurfacereserved, with dipinto: [reTp]&Xouv.Shiny black glaze. 240-200

305

MOLDMADE KRATER

601 (P21035) Fig. 44, PI. 57 H-K 12-14 PH. 13.2. Lower part of rim, one handle attachment, and about onesixth of body preserved. Scraped groove above molded area. Lower body has no relief but seems to be moldmade. Most of body covered with pine-cone scales. Rim pattern: raised band above two ridges. Painted decoration inside. On floor, orange and white star within scraped groove. On rim, grapevine. White wavy main stem; leaves alternate with white dot rosettes. No paint preservedon exterior. Shiny red and black glaze outside, mostly black inside; miltos. Same painted rim pattern in same position on 602; for pinecone scales cf. P 4033 (H. A. Thompson 1934, C 53, p. 365, fig. 49 [G 6:2]). 225-200 602 (P 20188) Fig. 44, P1.57 G. R. Edwards 1956, p. 90, note 12 and p. 107, under no. 120; Hausmann 1959, p. 110, note 128 and p. 130, note 401; AgoraXXVII, no. 211, p. 196, pl. 49. Q8-9 Rest. H. 11.8; rest. Diam. of rim 28.4. Several nonjoining sections, preservingone-fourth of rim, a few fragmentsof upper wall, one handle and half of the other; partiallyrestored. Made in very fresh mold. Scraped groove and ridge at top of moldmade area. Wall divided into two registersby ridge. Upper register:two-horse chariots driven to right. Lower register:cloaked figure facing right (Theseus wrestling with Marathonian bull), flanked by goat masks. Rim pattern: alternating rosettes and ribbed leaves; pairs of double spirals; cable; jeweling; ridge. Painted decorationinside and outside. Outside, on rim:pairsofleaping dolphins spaced by branches; spiral wave pattern running right, filled in white below; two lines with row of dots between them. Inside, on rim:grapevine. Main white wavy stem;leaves alternate with white dot rosettes. Metallic black glaze; miltos. Probablyfrom WorkshopA. Theseus, probably from same stamp, occurs on fragments of two more kraters (P 19449, P 21042 [H-K 12-14]), on a moldmade amphora (455), and on moldmade bowls (e.g P 10877 [AgoraXXII, no. 189, p. 67, pl. 35, detail 3 (D 11:4, lower fill)]; G. R. Edwards 1956, no. 120, p. 107, pl. 50 [where other instances from the Agora are listed]). See also AgoraXXII, pp. 23-24. Chariot similar (but not from same stamp) to that on P 401 (AgoraXXII, no. 152, p. 62, pl. 78 [H 6:4]). For decoration inside rim cf. 601. 225-200 603 (P 23403 a-c) Fig. 44, P1.58 M-N 15:1 (2) (fragmentsa and c); Area M 16, in mixed fill (no lot) (fragmentb) P.H. (a) 14.2, (b) 7.0, (c) 6.2; est. Diam. of rim 33.5. Over half of rim and one-third of lower body (a), plus two large,nonjoiningrim fragments(b, c, not illustrated),with fragment b preservingtrace of handle. Made in fairlyworn mold. Scraped groove at top of molded body. Wall divided into two registers by cable. Upper register: oinochoe(?)at far left; ribbed kraterwith spearhead necklace on upper body,flanked by flowers and by groups of Zeus and Ganymede in mirror image; Eros and panther facing right; oinochoe(?); Zeus and Ganymede. Lower register: satyr with hand to beard facing

306

CATALOGUE

left; goat mask; kneeling satyrs flanking krater or kantharos. Rim pattern: alternating rosettes and fleurs-de-lis; pairs of double spirals;alternating boukrania and palmettes. Painted decoration inside and outside. Outside, on rim: olive garland running right. Stem is two sagging lines with white zigzag line between them; white zigzag lines bordering garland. Single tie at end; double tie with white fillet hanging down at center. Inside: trace of star within scraped groove at center of floor; large wheat garlandwith incised spikeson rim, with white used for leaves of stem and as dots on wheat heads. Painted line around handle attachment. Very metallic gray glaze; miltos. Possiblypart of same pot: P 23641. WorkshopA. For wheat cf. 372. For profile and fleurs-de-lisof rim cf. Watzinger 1901, no. 16, pp. 73-74. For satyrs cf. P 28540 (AgoraXXII, no. 122, pp. 58-59, pl. 23 [P 21:4]). 200-175

spirals;ovolo between ridges. On rim inside, ivy garland with wavy white stem. Shiny black glaze; miltos. 200-175 607 (P 22895) Fig. 44, P1.58 M-N 15:1 (4), disturbed P.H. 6.0; Diam. of foot 10.8. Foot and part of lower body preserved. Flaring, molded foot with raised edge; broad, beveled resting surface. Short, thick stem. Medallion visible underneath: very worn gorgoneion surrounded by calyx of small leaves with serrated edges. Calyx: alternating large jeweled acanthus leaves and tall ferns. Wall: dolphins swimming right and rosettesin field. Bottom of figure(drapedwoman?) above. On floor inside, within scraped groove: sixteen-rayedasteriskwith alternating orange and white rays. Metallic black glaze. Foracanthus leaves cf. P 6764 (AgoraXXII, no. 224, pp. 7172, pls. 44, 83, 94 [F 13:3, upper fill]). 200-175

604 (P 1448) Fig. 44, P1.58 H-K 12-14 P.H. 9.5; est. Diam. of rim 30.5. About one-sixth of rim, small part of upper moldmade body, and one handle preserved. Made in fairlyfresh mold. Groove on inside of rim glazed. Flying Erotes carrying wreaths flank ribbed kraters, with ridge below. Very micaceous, gray fabric (10YR 6/2); mottled gray-to-tan glaze; miltos painted over glaze above molded section and in glazed groove inside rim. Almost certainly Attic, probably from WorkshopA. For Erotes cf. P 5718 and P 19942 (AgoraXXII, nos. 108, 147, pp. 57, 61, pls. 19, 27, 78 [E 14:1, lower fill;D 17:5, lower fill]). 225-175

608 (P 21031) Fig. 44, P1.58 H-K 12-14 P.H. 2.7; est. Diam. of foot 9.5. Half of floor and one-fourth of foot preserved. Body made in fresh mold. Flaring molded foot with scraped groove on exterior and short, thick stem. Medallion: eight-petaled rosette within two ridges. Wall:calyx of pointed leaves, foreleg of dog runningleft above. On floor inside, sixteen-rayedasteriskwith alternating orange and white rays. Metallic black glaze. Similar feet are P 20280 (Q8-9), P 24809 (H-K 12-14). 200-175

605 (P 22837) Fig. 44, PI. 58 H-K 12-14 P.H. 5.2; est. Diam. of rim 24.0. Fragmentof rim, with trace of moldmade body. Scraped groove at top of moldmade body. Rim pattern: pairs of double spirals. Painted on rim outside: wave pattern of white wavy line over lozenges and line. Inside, undulating ivy garland running left. White wavy line over stem; white dots at tips of leaves; white dot rosettes at outsides of curve of garland;orange leaf below. Metallic black glaze. 225-175 606 (P 21029) Fig. 44, P1.58 H-K 12-14 P.H. 7.0; est. Diam. of rim 23.0. Fragmentof rim and upper wall. Scraped groove at top of moldmade section. Body made in worn mold. Rampant goat facing left between rosettes. Rim pattern: alternating rosettes and palmettes; pairs of double

LEBES

609 (P 2870) Fig. 45, PI. 58 H. A. Thompson 1934, A 25, p. 319, fig.4; AgoraXII, no. 87, p. 242, pl. 4. G 13:4, lower fill (Group A) Rest. H. 8.6; Diam. of body 19.5. Partsof body restored, including center of floor. Verticalrim with groove below on one side. Very micaceous fabric;thin black glaze inside, on top of rim, and in two bands at greatest diameter. Similar in shape but unglazed and much smaller: P 7390 (AgoraXII, no. 86, p. 242, pl. 4 [E 3:1]). 300-275 610 (P6326) Fig. 45, P1.58 AgoraXII, p. 242, under no. 87. E 14:1, lower fill H. 11.7; Diam. of body 22.9. About two-thirdsof body restored;profile nowhere continuously preserved. Slightly pointed bottom. Slightly everted rim. Very micaceous fabric; dull black glaze on inside and in two bands at maximum diameter and just below. 250-210

OTHER MOLDMAADEVESSELS FOR WINE SERVICE 611 (P 6766) Fig. 45, PI. 59 F 13:3, upper fill (unknowndepth) P.H. 3.9; max. p. dim. 8.0. Lower part of moldmade body and upper part of foot preserved.

Cup or small krater.Low, broad stem, flaring out and up to foot at bottom. Rosette medallion faintlyvisible on underside. Wall: long petals with jeweling between them. Shiny black glaze.

OTHER MOLDMADE VESSELS FOR WINE SERVICE For similar wall decoration see P 15736, P 14471, P 3124, P 3661 (AgoraXXII, nos. 336, 338, 339, 341 pp. 84-85, pl. 61 [M 20:1, lower fill; M-N 18:1]). Shape perhaps as Courby 1922, p. 331, fig.62:VIII. Similarbut with thinnerstem:KymeI, MB 112, p. 71, figs. 5, 14, pl. 14; G. R. Edwards 1956, no. 92, p. 103, fig. 4, pl. 47. 100-86 612 (P 19430) Fig. 45, P1.59 Area C 16 P.H. 3.0; max. p. dim. 6.4. Stem and small part of lower body preserved. Cup or small krater. Wide, fairly high stem, flaring below. Medallion visible under foot: nine-petaled rosette within beading. Wall: long petals. Shiny red glaze, medallion and upper part of inside of foot unglazed. Similar:P 2240. Wall decoration as P 19111, P 8125, P 14472, P 15552 XXII, nos. 323, 327-329, pp. 83-84, pls. 58-60 [N 20:4, (Agora fill II; C 10:1; M 20:1, lower fill; R 21:2, lower fill in cistern]). 100-50 613 (P 18446) Fig. 45, P1.59 Area C 17, lot IIII 165 (Classicaland Hellenistic context) P.H. 4.0; max. p. dim. 7.2. Part of stem and lower body preserved. Cup or small krater. Fairly thin stem. Slightly angular foot, flaring below. Wall: swirling long petals, widely spaced. Metallic brownish orange glaze, red inside. Cf. P 597 (H. A. Thompson 1934, D 41, p. 383, fig. 72 [H 16:4]), for similar wall pattern, but with jeweling, and P 14474 (AgoraXXII, no. 345, p. 85, pl. 62 [M 20:1, lower fill]), with contiguous petals. 100-50 614 (P 25534) Fig. 45, P1.59 D 12:2, lower fill P.H. 6.2; est. Diam. 14.5. Part of shoulder and top of moldmade section. Cup? Scraped groove at bottom and top of rounded wheelmade shoulder. Rim flares outward. Wall: contiguous long petals. Rim pattern: ovolo above ridge. On shoulder, ghost of olive garland with incised stem, running right. Shiny black glaze, mostly missing on outside. Shape possibly similar to Courby 1922, p. 330, fig. 62:XVI. For painted decoration cf. 616. 100-50 615 (P 20349) Fig. 45, P1.59 Area D 17, lot 00 492 (context of first half of 1st century), with 1787 and 1791 P.H. 5.2; est. Diam. 12.0. Part of moldmade body, shoulder,and lower rim. Cup? Two scraped grooves at top and bottom of rounded, nearly vertical shoulder. Rim flares out sharply. Moldmade body: contiguous long petals. Rim pattern: ovolo. Ghost of painted trefoil garland running right on shoulder. Shiny red glaze inside and out. Mottled Oliver. Probably same shape as 614. For trefoil garland cf. 1287 and 1294. 1st century, after 86

307

616 (P 10880) Fig. 45, P1.59 D 11:4, lower fill P.H. 5.5; est. Diam. of body 16.0. Part of shoulder and moldmade body. Cup or small jug. Scraped groove at top and bottom of steeply sloping, rounded shoulder. Trace of handle attachment, possibly for round handle, at left of fragment. Moldmade body:jeweled lotus petal with floral tendril at left. Rim pattern:jeweling between ridges. Olive garland with incised stem running right on shoulder. Shiny brown glaze outside, red inside. Decoration as 614. Shape perhaps similar to DelosXXXI, no. 3502, p. 461, pls. 106, 134; Watzinger 1901, no. 14, p. 73. 100-50 617 (P 19377) Fig. 45, PI. 59 Area D 16, context of 1st century after Christ (no lot) P.H. 11.7; est. Diam. of body 18.0, of rim 16.0. One-fourth of upper body and small part of rim preserved. Kantharos or jug? Rounded, wheelmade shoulder with scrapedgrooveat top. Low,flaringneck. Molded, overhanging rim with groove on inside. Lower body moldmade. Wall:lotus petals with small imbricate lotus petals between them. Rim pattern: rosettes between ridges, with scraped groove above. Traces of paint on neck and shoulder. Dull red glaze inside and out, now mostly missing. With the addition of a handle, this would resemble the smaller moldmadejugs with wide mouths (e.g. 515). 100-50 618 (P 20230) P1.59 Area D 17, lot 00 382 (late Hellenistic context) PH. 4.8. Fragmentof shoulder and moldmade body. Cup or jug. Steep shoulder,with scraped groove at bottom. Scar of strap handle at top of moldmade area. Body: long petals, with ridge at top. Trefoil garland in orange and white running right on shoulder. Dull brown glaze outside, dark red inside. 100-50 619 (P 25828) Fig. 45, P1.59 Area A-B 19-20, lot _E 151 (late Hellenistic and early Roman context) P.H. 9.5; est. Diam. of body 24.0. Part of shoulder,moldmade body, and handle attachment. Small jug? Three ridges at top of moldmade section. Scraped groove at base of steep shoulder. Attachment for strap handle preservedon shoulder. Lower body: pair of Erotes carrying bunch of grapes at left; kneeling satyrsholding kraterat center; Eros flying right at right. Painted lattice on shoulder. Shiny black glaze outside, reddish brown inside. WorkshopA. For Erotes cf. P 5718 (AgoraXXII, no. 108, p. 57, pl. 19 [E 14:1, lower fill]);for satyrscf. P 28540 (ibid.,no. 122, pp. 5859, pl. 23 [P 21:4]). For the vertical shoulder cf. DelosXXXI, no. 6016, p. 406, pls. 95, 134. 200-175 620 (P 21052) P1.59 H-K 12-14 P.H. 3.7. Fragmentof wall with base of handle. Smalljug? Verticalstraphandle. Moldmadebody:pinecone scales. Shiny darkbrown glaze outside, black inside.

308

CATALOGUE

622 (P 17563)

Perhapssimilar but smaller:517. 225-175 621 (P 25544) Fig 45, PI. 59 A-D 14-17 P.H. 5.4; est. Diam. 8.0. Wall fragment. Cup? Scraped groove at junction of moldmade and wheelmade sections. Wheelmade section nearlyvertical. Moldmade section:contiguous long petals with three ridgesas rim pattern. Pseudo bead and reel with white reel painted on wheelmade section. Shiny black glaze inside and out. 150-50

Fig 45, P1.59

Area C 20, Roman context (no lot) P.H. 5.2. Moldmade body with convex-concave profile. Wall gets much thinner as it flares. One jeweled and one plain lotus petal, with E within plain petal. Dull brown glaze, mostly missing, interior unglazed. For decoration cf. Courby 1922, pl. IX:f. Late 2nd century to ca. 50

VESSELSFOR FOOD SERVICE PLATEAND SAUCER EDGE PLATE:THICKENED

623 (P 21003) Fig. 45, P1.60 H-K 12-14 H. 2.2; est. Diam. 13.5. Slightlyless than halfpreserved, with center offloor missing; surface flaking. Low, angular foot with flat resting surface. Two grooves in underside, near center. Convex wall, with offset at junction with rim. Strongly convex rim with molding at outer edge and slight groove at inner edge. Unglazed. 325-275 624 (P 18767 a, b) Fig. 45, PI. 60 M21:1 H. 5.0; est. Diam. 36.0; max. p. dim. (a) 23.0, (b) 8.5. Two nonjoining sections: ca.one-sixth of rim, wall, and foot, but center of floor missing,partlyrestored(a);fragmentof floor (b). Angular foot with beveled resting surface. Slightly convex wall has square molding at junction with rim area. Slightly convex rim with deep groove at outer edge, ridge at inner edge. Unglazed. Ca. 275? 625 (P 21002) Fig. 45, P1.60 AgoraXII, p. 312, under no. 1090. H-K 12-14 H. 3.2; est. Diam. 14.0. Most of rim and half of wall missing. Grooved resting surface; nippled underside. Reserved line at junction of foot and body. Angular wall, with offset and groove at junction with rim area. Convex rim with two ridges with reserved line between them at outer edge, groove and ridge at inner edge. Rim reserved with black ivy garland running right. Dull black glaze, red on floor. Similar: P 7353 (AgoraXII, no. 1021, p. 308, fig. 9 [E 3:1]). 325-290 626 (P 7348) Fig. 45, P1.60 E 3:1 H. 2.3; Diam. 12.8. Rim and foot chipped. Flaring foot; beveled restingsurface;slightlypointed underside. Slight grooving at half height on wall. Groove below rim. Slightly convex rim with two ridges at outer edge. Rouletting

on floor. Rim reserved with black ivy garland running left. Dull brown glaze. Also with rouletting on floor: P 25431. Ca. 275 627 (P 7732) Fig. 45, P1.60 AgoraXII, p. 312, under no. 1090. E3:1 H. 3.6; Diam. 13.1. Fragmentsof wall and rim missing. Flat, reserved resting surface; nippled underside. Scraped groove atjunction of foot and body. Deep body. Overhanging rim with groove in verticalface and molding on inside. Vertical face of rim reserved. Convex rim area offset from floor. Upper part of rim area reserved, with ivy garland running left. Dull black glaze, peeling. Ca. 275 628 (P 5803) Fig 45, P1.60 E 14:1, lower fill H. 2.2; Diam. 15.0. Two-thirdsrestored, including center of floor. Rounded resting surface, reserved. Angular wall with offset below rim. Groove in vertical face of rim. Convex rim with two ridges at outer edge, ridge and groove at inner edge. Ivy garlandrunning right on rim. Metallic black glaze. GraffitoA on underside. Another with painted ivy garland:P 25431. For a similar plate with painted decoration, see Patsiada 1990, no. 2, p. 142, fig. 1, pl. 50:a. 325-290 629 (P 20911) Fig. 45, PI. 60 AgoraXXVII, no. 223, p. 198, pl. 51. Q8-9 H. 2.7; est. Diam. 14.0. About one-sixth preserved,center of floor missing. Beveled resting surface. Scraped groove at junction of foot and body. Slightly angular wall, set off from rim by scraped groove and offset. Slightly convex rim with two ridges with scraped groove between them at outer edge, scraped groove and offset at inner edge. One stamped, linked palmette preserved on floor. Olive garland running left on rim. Shiny black-to-brownglaze; miltos.

PLATE AND SAUCER Shape as P 7353 (AgoraXII, no. 1021, p. 308, fig. 9 [E 3:1]). 325-290 630 (P 31798 a, b) Fig. 45, PI. 60 E 14:1, lower fill Est. Diam. 21.0; max. p. dim. (a) 4.6, (b) 5.2. Two fragments of rim. Rim set off from floor by ridge and scraped groove. Convex on top, with slightly concavity and two ridges at outer edge. Groove in outer face. Ivy garland running right, with thick, undulating stem punctuated with white; leaves on stems alternate with groups of three white dots. Mottled brown-to-black glaze on fragment a, shiny black on fragment b. Edwards Group. For hand cf. 74, 460, and 1152. 275-265 PLATE:ROLLEDRIM

631 (P 29127) Fig. 46, P1. 142 J 5:1, VII H. 2.2; Diam. 13.7; Diam. of foot 10.5. Partsof rim restored. Rounded resting surface;slightly nippled underside. Cyma profile with square molding at top. Rouletting. Shiny black glaze. 350-325 632 (P 30930) Fig. 46, Pls. 60, 142 R 13:11 H. 2.3; Diam. 12.7; Diam. of foot 7.9. One-third restored. Grooved resting surface; nippled underside. Cyma profile, slightly angular, with square molding at top. Four palmettes (three preserved) surrounded by rouletting; circle at center. Shiny black glaze. 350-325 633 (P 446) Fig. 46, Pls. 60, 142 AgoraXII, no. 1057, p. 310, fig. 10, pl. 36; Shear 1970, p. 192; Rotroff 1983, no. 9, p. 284, pl. 51. H 6:9, north chamber,lower fill H. 2.2; Diam. 12.8; Diam. of foot 8.5. Small part of rim restored. Beveled, lightly grooved resting surface;nippled underside. Cyma profile, slightlyangular,with molding and groove at top. Six linked, seven-petaled palmettes within rouletting. Mottled glaze, shiny black to dull red. Ca. 325 634 (P 13544) Fig. 46, P1. 142 O 18:2 H. 2.6; est. Diam. 16.5; Diam. of foot 10.6. One-third preserved. Beveled resting surface; nippled underside. Cyma profile with molding at top. Five or six linked, eleven-petaled palmettes (four preserved) within two narrow bands of rouletting. Mottled red-to-black glaze with stacking circle, red underneath. Similar: P 24134 (AgoraXII, no. 1056, p. 310, fig. 10 [OR 7-10]), P 4454 (F 11:2, upper fill). 325-300 (early in span?) 635 (P 14248) Fig. 46, Pls. 60, 145 S 19:3, upper fill H. 2.7; est. Diam. 13.5; Diam. of foot 8.6.

309

About half preserved. Grooved resting surface; nippled underside. Cyma profile with blurredmolding at top. Six linked, nine-petaledpalmettes within rouletting, with central circle. Dull black-to-brown glaze. 325-300 (early in span?) 636 (P 2527) Fig. 46, PI. 142 F 16:1, lower fill H. 2.0; Diam. 14.2; Diam. of foot 9.8. Small segment of wall and foot missing. Rounded resting surface; nippled underside. Cyma profile with molding and groove at top. Very thin wall. Five ninepetaled palmettes carelessly stamped in skewed radiatingpattern, within two narrowlines of rouletting. Dull glaze, greenish black to orange. 325-300 (earlyin span?) 637 (P 7425) Fig. 46, Pls. 60, 142, 145 E 3:1 H. 2.4; Diam. 13.6; Diam. of foot 9.6. Half of rim missing. Rounded resting surface; nippled underside. Cyma profile with weak molding and groove at top. Thin wall. Four ninepetaled palmettes within narrow band of rouletting, circle at center. Lustrousblack glaze. 325-300 (earlyin span?) 638 (P 4453) Fig. 46, Pls. 142, 145 F 11:2, upper fill H. 2.2; Diam. 14.1; Diam. of foot 9.7. Two-thirdsof rim restored. Flaring foot; rounded resting surface; nippled underside. Cyma profile with ridge and slight groove at top. Six linked, nine-petaled palmettes within rouletting, with central circle. Shiny black glaze. 325-300 (earlyin span?) 639 (P 3507) Fig. 46, Pls. 142, 145 H. A. Thompson 1937, p. 166, d, fig. 98:d;AgoraXII, p. 310, under no. 1057. F 11:2, upper fill H. 2.5; est. Diam. 12.5; Diam. of foot 8.2. Half of rim restored. Grooved resting surface;underside nearly flat. Heavy plate with cyma profile and slight molding at top. Six linked, ninepetaled palmettes within and partly stamped over rouletting. Shiny black glaze. 325-300 (earlyin span?) 640 (P 4420) Fig. 46, Pls. 142, 145 F 11:2, lower fill H. 2.9; Diam. 21.3; Diam. of foot 13.8. Two-thirdsof rim and one-third of wall missing. Beveled resting surface; nippled underside. Concaveconvex-concave wall with slight molding at top. Six alternately linked, nine-petaled palmettes within rouletting. Shiny black glaze. 325-300 (late in span?) 641 (P4381) Fig. 46, P1.60 F 12:3, lower fill H. 3.6; Diam. 25.7; Diam. of foot 18.0. About one-third restored. Lump of iron attached to foot.

310

CATALOGUE

Rounded resting surface; slightly nippled underside. Concave-convex-concave wall with molding at top. Six (originally eight?) linked palmettes within rouletting. Dull black glaze. Similar: P 20503 (H 16:3, north tunnel [Group B]). 325-300 (ate in span?) 642 (P 4469) Fig. 46, P1. 142 F 11:2, upper fill H. 2.4; Diam. 13.4; Diam. of foot 11.4. About one-fourth of rim restored. Curved resting surface; nippled underside. Slightly angular profile, with rim offset at top. Five linked, nine-petaled palmettes within rouletting, around central circle. Slightly metallic glaze, dark brown to orange, pitted. 325-300 (late in span?) 643 (P2878) Fig. 46, P1. 142 H. A. Thompson 1934, A 2, p. 316, fig. 2. G 13:4, lower fill (Group A) H. 2.4; Diam. 14.7; Diam. of foot 8.8. Small parts of rim restored;burned or overfired. Rounded resting surface; slightly nippled underside Concave-convex-concave wall with ridge and broad groove at top. Rouletting and central circle. Fabric mottled to gray; dull brown glaze, mostly missing. 325-300 (late in span?) 644 (P 4452) Fig. 46, Pls. 60, 142 F 11:2, upper fill H. 3.6; Diam. 21.6; Diam. of foot 14.4. Most of rim and small areas of wall restored. Beveled resting surface; nippled underside. Cyma profile with groove at top. Six linked palmettes within rouletting, around central circle. Shiny black-to-greenglaze, red stacking circle. 325-300 (late in span?) 645 (P 6964) Fig. 46, Pls. 60, 142 AgoraXII, no. 1060, p. 310, fig. 10. D-E 8-9:1 H. 3.2; Diam. 19.6; Diam. of foot 13.8. One-third of rim restored. Beveled restingsurface;nippled underside. Slightly angular wall with slight molding at top. Eight linked, nine-petaled palmettes within rouletting,around central circle. Satiny black glaze, red on interior. Similar: P 4431 (F 11:2, upper fill). Ca. 300 646 (P89) Fig. 46, P1. 142 AgoraXII, no. 1058, p. 310, fig. 10; Shear 1970, p. 192; Rotroff 1983, no. 38, p. 288, pl. 54. H 6:9, south chamber,lower fill H. 2.9; Diam. 19.9; Diam. of foot 13.7. One piece of rim missing. Grooved resting surface;nippled underside. Nearly straight wall with slight ridge and groove at top. Six linked, ninepetaled palmettes within rouletting. Dull red glaze with black patches. Ca. 300 647 (P4421) Fig. 46, Pls. 143, 145 F 11:2, lower fill H. 3.6; rest. Diam. 26.0; est. Diam. of foot 17.5. Full profile preserved;over half restored.

Beveled resting surface; nippled underside. Concaveconvex-concave profile, slightly angular, with groove at top. Four of six linked palmettes preserved, within and partly stamped over rouletting, around central circle. Dull black glaze. Closely similar:P 10689 (P 10:1). Ca. 300 648 (P 6213) Fig. 46, Pls. 61, 143 G 11:4 H. 3.1; Diam. 22.0; Diam. of foot 15.0. Small parts of rim, foot, and floor restored. Beveled resting surface; nippled underside. Straight lower wall meets concave upper wall at slight angle; groove at top. Seven linked, eleven-petaled palmettes within rouletting, around central circle. Shiny black-to-greenglaze. Ca. 300 649 (P 3504) Fig. 46 F 11:2, upper fill H. 2.6; Diam. 16.2; Diam. of foot 11.4. Most of rim and part of foot and wall restored. Rounded resting surface; nippled underside. Concaveconvex-concavewall with groove at top. Five linked palmettes within rouletting. Dull red glaze, peeling. Ca. 300? 650 (P 28136) Fig. 46, P1.61 Stella G. Miller 1974, no. 43, p. 236, fig. 5, pl. 32. F 16:8 H. 2.3; Diam. 14.2; Diam. of foot 9.4. Most of floor and over half of wall and rim restored. Beveled restingsurface. Slightly angularwall with groove at top. Palmetteswithin rouletting. Shiny black glaze. 300-275 651 (P 28034) Fig. 46, P1. 145 Stella G. Miller 1974, no. 44, p. 236, fig. 5, pl. 32. F 16:8 H. 3.8; est. Diam. 34.0; est. Diam. of foot 21.5. Less than half preserved;center of floor missing. Flat restingsurface. Concave-convex-concavewall with one to two grooves at top. Linked, seven-petaled palmettes (two preserved)within rouletting. Dull red glaze. Similar:P 4402 (F 12:3, middle fill). 300-275 652 (P 7700) Fig. 46, P1.61 E 3:1 H. 2.6; Diam. 16.7; Diam. of foot 12.0. Chips of rim and foot restored. Beveledrestingsurface;nippledunderside. Slightlyangular, double-curved wall with groove at top. Central circle within rouletting. Mottled glaze, dull red to satiny black. 300-275 653 (P 7373) Fig. 46, P1. 143 AgoraXII, no. 1059, p. 310, fig. 10. E3:1 H. 2.6; Diam. 17.9; Diam. of foot 11.6. Partsof rim and chips of floor restored. Rounded resting surface; nippled underside. Convex wall with rim offset at top. Five linked, nine-petaled palmettes within rouletting. Shiny black glaze with red patches. 300-275?

PLATE AND SAUCER

311

654 (P86) Fig 46, P1.61 Rotroff 1983, no. 39, p. 288, fig 6 on p. 269, pl. 54. H 6:9, south chamber, lower fill H. 2.6; Diam. 16.1; Diam. of foot 11.2. Pieces of rim and wall missing Beveled restingsurface;nippled underside. Slightlyangular wall with groove at top. Rouletting and central circle. Shiny black glaze with metallic patches. 300-275

One-third missing. High foot; narrow, flat resting surface; pointed underside. Inner face of foot meets underside at angle. Very slight angle at base of wall; groove well below rim. Four small palmettes within rouletting Thin, dull black glaze, missing on part of wall. Same stamp:P 16119 (G 14:2, middle fill, at 13 m.). Closely similar but possibly not the same stamp: 891. 250-225

655 (P 5932 + P 5812) Fig. 47, PI. 61 E 14:1, lower fill H. 3.4; est. Diam. 26.0; Diam. of foot 17.7. About one-third preserved,with center of floor missing. Beveled resting surface. Angular wall with broad groove at top. Palmettes within rouletting. Metallic black glaze. Graffiti IN on floor and 'I on underside. Ca. 275

661 (P 15171) Fig. 47, Pls. 143, 145 N 21:4, lower fill H. 3.3; Diam. 22.8; Diam. of foot 13.4. Partsof rim and floor restored. Beveled resting surface; convex underside. Nearly straight wall with groove at about half height. Two (of four?)palmettes within rouletting. Dull red glaze with black patch, stacking circle. Same stamp: 884, P 15160 (N 21:4, lower fill), P 18735 (M 21:1). 250-225

656 (P 2858) Fig. 47 H. A. Thompson 1934, A 70, p. 327, fig. 2 on p. 316 and fig. 116 on p. 433. G 13:4, upper fill (Group A) H. 2.9; est. Diam. 19.0; est. Diam. of foot 11.0. About one-fourth of rim and wall and half of foot preserved; center of floor missing. Rounded resting surface. Slightly angular wall with broad groove at top. Narrow band of rouletting, with trace of palmette. Shiny black glaze outside, dull red inside. Ca. 275 657 (P 7701) Fig. 47, Pls. 61, 143, 145 E 3:1 H. 2.6; Diam. 18.3; Diam. of foot 12.5. Rim chipped; half of floor missing. Beveled resting surface;nearly flat underside. Angular wall with groove at two-thirds height. Palmettes within rouletting (originally four?). Dull greenish glaze with orange patches, stacking circle. 275-250 658 (P6237) Fig. 47, P1.61 E 14:1, lower fill H. 3.0; Diam. 20.1; Diam. of foot 12.7. Center of floor and part of rim restored. Flat restingsurface. Foot meets undersideat angle. Angular wall with groove at top. Rim well set off from floor. Three large palmettes preserved (originally six?) within and partly stamped over rouletting. Metallic black glaze, peeling. Similar: P 25676 (A 17:3). Ca. 250 659 (P 11448) Fig. 47, Pls. 143, 145 E 5:2, lower fill H. 5.2; est. Diam. 32.0; est. Diam. of foot 19.0. About one-sixth preserved, center of floor missing. Slightly beveled resting surface; foot meets underside at angle. Angular wall with two grooves below rim. Rim at angle to floor. Linked palmettes within rouletting. Metallic black-to-brownglaze. Ca. 250? 660 (P 13208) O 20:3, III H. 2.6; Diam. 14.5; Diam. of foot 8.7.

Fig. 47, P1.61

662 (P 28517) Fig. 47, Pls. 61, 143, 145 P21:4 H. 3.4; Diam. 19.3; Diam. of foot 9.9. Chips of floor missing. Beveled restingsurface;pointed underside. Angle at base of wall, which is slightlyconcave, with groove at half height. Four palmettes within rouletting. Metallic glaze, black to orangebrown, stacking circle. 250-225? 663 (P 28623) Fig. 47, Pls. 143, 145 P21:4 H. 4.0; Diam. 22.8; Diam. of foot 13.4. Chips of rim and one-third of foot and floor missing. Beveled resting surface; convex underside. Angle at base of wall. Slightly concave wall with groove at two-thirdsheight. Three small palmettes preserved within rouletting (originally four?). Black glaze, partly metallic, partly dull. 250-225? 664 (P 18736) Fig. 47, Pls. 61, 143, 145 M 21:1 H. 3.2; rest. Diam. 21.0; rest. Diam. of foot 13.1. Half restored. Beveled resting surface;pointed underside. Nearly straight wall with very slight angle at base and groove at half height. Two palmettes preserved within rouletting (originally four?). Metallic black glaze. Same stamp: 889, 895, P 6260 (E 14:1, lower fill). 225-200? 665 (P 20916) Fig. 47, Pls. 143, 145 AgoraXXVII, no. 201, p. 194, ill. 40, pl. 48. Q8-9 H. 4.5; est. Diam. 34.0; est. Diam. of foot 19.0. One-sixth of rim and one-fourth of wall and foot preserved. Slightly beveled resting surface. Nearly straight wall with slight angle at base and two grooves above half height. Rim very angular on inside. Two (of four?) linked palmettes within rouletting. Metallic black-to-greenglaze. Same palmette: P 28087 (F 17:4). 225-200

312

CATALOGUE

666 (P 11447) Fig. 47, Pls. 143, 145 E 5:2, lower fill H. 4.3; est. Diam. 34.0; est. Diam. of foot 22.0. About one-sixth preserved;middle of floor missing. Irregularrestingsurface;flatunderside. Slightlyconvex wall with groove at two-thirds height, concave below rim. Within rouletting,large fern oriented with base towards rim, possibly made with stamp for moldmade bowl. Metallic black glaze with dull stacking circle. 225-200 667 (P25589) Fig. 48, P1.61 0 20:3, IV H. 3.4; est. Diam. 23.0; est. Diam. of foot 13.0. One-fourth preserved;center of floor missing. Beveled resting surface. Nearly straightwall with groove at half height. Very pale brown fabric (10YR 7/4); shiny black glaze, peeling. Ca. 200 668 (P6235) Fig. 48, P1.61 E 14:1, lower fill H. 3.7; Diam. 25.9; Diam. of foot 16.2. Half of rim, nearly half of wall and foot, and center of floor restored. Very irregular profile, warped in manufacture. Thick foot with flat resting surface. Irregularwall, slightly convex below, concave at top. Overhanging rim, with two grooves below on outside. Metallic black glaze. GraffitoII on floor. Ca. 200 669 (P 20912) Fig. 48 AgoraXXVII, no. 204, p. 194, ill. 40, pl. 48. Q8-9 H. 3.2; est. Diam. 24; est. Diam. of foot 10.0. About one eighth of rim, wall, and foot preserved; floor missing. Broad, slightly beveled resting surface. Outer face of foot offset at top. Straight wall with no groove, slightly concave at top. Metallic black glaze, stacking circle. Ca. 200 or slightly later. 670 (P 14188) Fig. 48 O 20:2 H. 3.4; est. Diam. 22.0; Diam. of foot 15.2. Over half restored. Rounded resting surface. Straight wall with groove above half height. Rim slightly undercut on inside. Metallic red glaze outside and underneath, black and peeling inside. 200-175 671 (P 28518) Fig. 48, PI. 61 P21:4 H. 3.1; Diam. 22.65; Diam. of foot 14.0. Piece of rim missing. Irregular, warped in production. Flat resting surface; pointed underside. Slightly concave wall with groove at half height. Floor nippled. Rim slightlyundercuton inside. Metallic black glaze. Cf. Braun 1970, no. 165, p. 153, fig. 13 on p. 163. 200-175 672 (P 28596) P21:4 H. 4.9; Diam. 27.9; Diam. of foot 15.5.

Fig. 48, P1.61

Over half of foot and pieces of rim and floor missing. Flat resting surface;convex underside. Slightly convex wall with groove above half height. Metallic black glaze with red patches. 200-175 673 (P 18731) Fig. 48, P1.61 M21:1 H. 3.8; Diam. 23.1; Diam. of foot 13.5. Chips missing. Flatrestingsurface;convex underside. Straightwall, slightly convex at top; one to two very shallow grooves at half height. Metallic black glaze. 200-175 674 (P 21020) Fig. 48 H-K 12-14 H. 4.3; est. Diam. 23.5; est. Diam. of foot 15.0. Less than half preserved,with full profile. Low, very flaring foot; flat resting surface; pointed underside. Thick, irregular wall with groove above half height; slightlyconcave above groove. Grainy,shiny black glaze, deep red within stacking circle and on bottom. 200-175 675 (P 18732) Fig. 48 M 21:1 H. 3.7; Diam. 22.9; Diam. of foot 13.5. Partsof rim, wall, foot, and floor restored. Flat resting surface; convex underside. Outer face of foot offset at top. Straight wall with one to two shallow grooves below rim. Metallic black glaze, brown stacking circle. 200-175 676 (P 13670) Fig. 48 G 5:3, lower fill H. 3.7; rest. Diam. 25.2; Diam. of foot 13.8. Two-thirdsrestored;full profile preserved. Flat resting surface; convex underside. Groove and slight angle at half height of wall. Dull black glaze, badly peeling. 200-175 or later 677 (P 20493) Fig. 48 E 14:3 H. 3.6; rest. Diam. 22.1; rest. Diam. of foot 12.0. About three-fourthsrestored, including all of floor. Flat resting surface. Upper body offset from lower body by deep groove at half height. Metallic gray glaze. 200-175 or later 678 (P 19784) Fig. 48 AgoraXXVII, no. 288, p. 205, pl. 56. Qll:3 H. 4.9; est. Diam. 25.5; est. Diam. of foot 12.0. Two-thirdsmissing;wall partly restored. Flat resting surface; two irregular concentric grooves on convex underside. Slightly convex wall with shallow grooving partway around, below rim. Rim undercut on inside. Very pale brown fabric (O1YR7/4); shiny black glaze, mostly missing. 175-160 679 (P 14336) Fig. 48, P1.61 E 15:4 H. 4.4; Diam. 24.4; Diam. of foot 10.7. Center of floor and part of rim and wall restored.

PLATE AND SAUCER Rounded resting surface; underside irregularly grooved. Irregular wall with shallow grooves near base, two grooves below rim. Rim slightly undercut inside. Dull black glaze. 175-150 680 (P 19515) Fig. 48, P1.61 H 13:1 H. 5.3; Diam. 26.3; Diam. of foot. 11.0. Center of floor and one-fourth of rim restored. Flat restingsurface;convex underside with two thin grooves around edge. Straight wall with groove at two-thirds height. Verypale brownfabric( OYR7/4); shinybrownishblackglaze. Similar: P 29126 (J 5:1, II) 175-150 681 (P 31953) Fig. 48 H 16:4 (Group D) Est. Diam. 24.5. One-fourth of rim preserved. Deep plate with broad groove well below rim outside. Metallic black glaze. 160-140 682 (P 8575) Fig. 49 Rotroff 1983, no. 95, p. 295, fig. 6 on p. 269, pl. 60. E 6:2, lower fill H. 6.4; est. Diam. 26.0; Diam. of foot 10.5. Two-thirds of rim and parts of wall restored. Flat resting surface; outer face of foot slightly offset at top. Wall convex below, concave above, with groove at one-third height. Rim deeply undercut on inside. Metallic black glaze, brown stacking circle. 150-110 683 (P 13307) Fig. 49 H. A. Thompson 1940, p. 120, a, fig. 90:a;AgoraXXI, F 247, p. 46, pl. 21. H 12:1 H. 5.8; rest. Diam. 24.0; Diam. of foot 10.4. Most of rim restored. Beveled resting surface; pointed underside. Straight wall with slight angle below rim. Rim set off from floor by groove. Thin, dull black glaze with red stackingcircle, red underneath, part of floor unglazed; finger markson foot. GraffitoEPf on underside. 150-110 684 (P 3312) Fig. 49 H. A. Thompson 1934, E 3, p. 394. F 15:2 (Group E) H 6.1; est. Diam. 23.5; Diam. of foot. 9.4. Two-thirds of rim and wall missing. Irregular,angular foot; flat resting surface; pointed underside, mostly unglazed. Straightwall, flaringat top. Rim deeply undercut on inside. Dull black glaze with red stacking circle; finger markson foot and lower wall. 150-110 685 (P 3324) Fig. 49, P1.61 H. A. Thompson 1934, E 15, p. 394. F 15:2 (Group E) H. 6.0; Diam. 24.5; Diam. of foot. 9.0. One-third of rim and fragmentsof wall missing. Flat resting surface. Irregular,straightwall with slight angle below rim. Shiny black glaze, red on stacking circle and

313

underneath; finger marks on foot and lower wall. Graffito A on underside. 150-110 686 (P 3313) Fig. 49 H. A. Thompson 1934, E 4, p. 394. F 15:2 (Group E) H. 6.4; Diam. 24.7; Diam. of foot 8.7. About one-third of rim missing. Flat resting surface; pointed underside. Convex wall with groove at one-third height, flaring at top. Lip undercut on inside. Slight nipple at center of floor. Dull to metallic black glaze with stackingcircle, red underneath;finger markson foot and lower wall. Closely similar and from same context: P 3183 and P 3320 (H. A. Thompson 1934, E 1, E 11, p. 394, fig. 82 and fig. 116 on p. 433), the latter with no groove in wall. 150-110 687 (P 3321) Fig. 49, P1.61 H. A. Thompson 1934, E 12, p. 394. F 15:2 (Group E) H. 5.4; est. Diam. 25.0; Diam. of foot 8.6. Over half of rim and parts of wall and floor missing. Rounded resting surface; pointed underside. Convex body with slight flare at top. Rim slightly undercut inside. Metallic brown glaze, mostly missing; finger marks on foot and lower wall. 150-110 688 (P 5989) Fig. 49 E 14:3 H. 6.5; Diam. 22.9; Diam. of foot 8.1. One-third of rim and wall restored. Rounded resting surface; slightly convex underside; outer face of foot offset at top. Slightly convex wall, concave above slight angle near top. Lip slightly undercut inside. Metallic brown-to-redglaze; finger markson foot and lower wall. 150-110 689 (P 6238) Fig. 49, P1.62 E 14:1, lower fill H. 5.8; Diam. 25.8; est. Diam. of foot 9.8. Over half of foot and part of rim and floor restored. Flaring foot; flat resting surface;convex underside. Convex wall with one deep groove and two narrow ones above half height. Faint rouletting on part of upper wall. Angle below rim. Metallic black glaze. 150-110 690 (P 9816) Fig. 49, P1. 145 Area L 18, lot X 69 (Hellenistic and Roman context) H. 5.7; rest. Diam. 25.5; Diam. of foot 8.7. About three quartersof rim and wall restored. Flaring foot; flat resting surface; slightly convex underside. Wall convex below, concave above. Rim undercut on inside. Stamp on floor: bird facing right, within oval, probably stamped from ring bezel. Metallic black glaze, red in stacking circle and under foot; finger markson foot and lower body Another unusual late Hellenistic stamp: 935. 150-110 691 (P3325) H. A. Thompson 1934, E 20, p. 395. F 15:2 (Group E)

Fig. 49

314

CATALOGUE

H. 5.8; est. Diam. 23.0; est. Diam. of foot 9.0. About one-sixth of rim and one-eighth of floor and wall preserved;center of floor missing. Flat resting surface. Convex wall, concave above angle at top. Rim slightly concave on top, slightly undercut on inside. Metallic red glaze, orange stackingcircle;finger markson foot and lower body. 150-110 692 (P 3326) Fig. 49, P1.62 H. A. Thompson 1934, E 18, p. 395, fig. 82. F 15:2 (Group E) H. 8.2; Diam. 34.0; Diam. of foot 11.2. One-fourth of rim and center of floor restored. Beveled resting surface. Irregularwall with groove at onethird height. Top of rim slopes down to outside. Dull red glaze, brown stacking circle. Similar: P 5987 (E 14:3), P 18514, P 19226. 150-110 693 (P 5825) Fig. 49 E 15:3, upper fill H. 10.5; Diam. 39.4; Diam. of foot 13.1. Over half of rim, half of foot, and part of floor restored. Flat resting surface; convex underside; outer face of foot offset at top. Irregular wall with two grooves at one-third height, flaring at top. Dull black glaze, red in stacking circle and underneath. Of similar size: P 18514, P 19226. Also similar: P 5987 (E 14:3). 150-110 694 (P 16402) Fig. 50, P1.62 F 19:3, lower fill H. 6.1; Diam. 25.8; Diam. of foot 8.2. Much of wall and floor, half of foot, and center of floor restored. Beveled resting surface. Straight wall, flaring at top. Rim slopes down slightly to outside. Thin, metallic brown glaze on inside and upper part of outside, red stackingcircle. In addition to the following entries of the same date, similar pieces are P 10885 (D 11:4, lower fill), P 10954 (D 11:3, lower fill), P 15026 and P 15401 (F 19:6), P 16101 (G 14:2, upper fill), P 18874 (S 21:1, lower fill), P 19659 (F 19:3, lower fill). 110-86 695 (P 14404) Fig. 50 M 20:1, middle fill H. 5.5; rest. Diam. 23.5; Diam. of foot 8.4. Three-fourths of rim and parts of body restored. Flaring foot with angle near bottom, flat restingsurface;flat underside. Wall convex at bottom, concave at top, with offset and narrow groove at about half height. Rim only slightly offset from floor. Thin, metallic brown glaze inside and upper outside, stacking circle. 110-86 696 (P 14407) Fig. 50, P1.62 M 20:1, middle fill H. 5.0; Diam. 23.5; Diam. of foot 9.4. Half of rim and foot, one-third of wall, and center of floor restored. Flat restingsurface;convex underside. Straightwall, convex at top. Rim slopes down to outside. Dull black glaze inside and upper outside.

Similar shape, fully glazed: P 17983 (A 18:1, lower fill). 110-86 697 (P 14405) Fig. 50 M 20:1, middle fill H. 4.9; rest. Diam. 24.0; Diam. of foot 7.9. Three-fourths of rim and much of wall restored. Beveled resting surface; nearly flat underside with small nipple. Convex wall, concave at top. Fairlywell defined rim. Metallicdarkred glaze inside and upper outside, blackstacking circle. 110-86 698 (P 14406) Fig. 50 M 20:1, middle fill H. 5.0; est. Diam. 22.5; Diam. of foot 7.5. Floor and all but trace of rim missing. Beveled resting surface. Straight wall with broad groove at half height. Well-definedrim. Metallic black glaze inside and most of outside, red stacking circle. 110-86 699 (P 12156) Fig. 50 N 20:4, fill II H. 5.6; rest. Diam. 22.1; Diam. of foot 7.7. About one-third of rim and wall restored. Beveled resting surface; convex underside. Outer face of foot offset at top. Slightly convex wall with irregular offsets at top and shallow groove partway around, below rim area. Fairlywell-defined rim. Thin, metallic black glaze inside and upper outside, red stacking circle. 110-86 700 (P 5990) Fig. 50, PI. 62 E 14:3 H. 5.5; Diam. 22.0; Diam. of foot 8.3. About two-thirdsof rim and one-third of wall restored. Flat resting surface;convex underside with nipple. Convex wall, concave above offset at top. Deep groove separates rim from floor. Metallic brown glaze inside and most of outside. 110-86 RELATEDPIECES

701 (P 22030) Fig. 50 F 11:2, upper fill H. 4.2; est. Diam. 30.0; Diam. of foot 17.0. About one-sixth of rim and wall preserved; center of floor missing. Ring foot; flat restingsurface. Convex wall with two grooves at top. Slightlyrolled rim. Metallic blackglaze, red on stacking circle and underside. Late 4th to early 3rd century 702 (P 4403) Fig. 50. PI. 62 F 12:3, middle fill H. 3.5; est. Diam. 25.0; Diam. of foot 14.5. About one-fourth preserved, partly restored. Ring foot; rounded restingsurface;convex underside. Convex profile, with area below rim offset and marked with two grooves. Rim convex on top. Metallic red glaze with black patches. Late 4th to early 3rd century

PLATE AND SAUCER 703 (P 2526) Fig;50 F 16:1, lower fill H. 2.5; Diam. 19.7; Diam. of foot 12.0. Small chips missing. Angular ring foot; rounded resting surface;slightly pointed underside. Very slightly convex wall, with broad, very shallow groove at top. Slightly rolled rim. Shiny brown glaze, mottled, red underneath. Late 4th to early 3rd century 704 (P 25681) Fig. 50, P1.62 A 17:3 H. 2.4; Diam. 17.3; Diam. of foot 9.4. Fragmentof rim missing. Straight ring foot with angle in inner face; flat resting surface; flat underside. Slightly convex profile with clear horizontal facets. Plain rim. Metallic black glaze, much missing. Graffito H on underside. Others, in smaller size: P 6965 (AgoraXII, no. 1036, p. 309, fig. 10) and P 6966 (D-E 8-9:1), P 28887 (J 5:1, VII). Late 4th to early 3rd century 705 (P 4455) Fig. 50, PI. 62 F 11:2, upper fill H. 2.5; rest. Diam. 18.4; Diam. of foot 11.7. One-third of foot, two-thirdsof wall and rim restored. Ring foot with slight angle in outer face; beveled resting surface; flat underside. Slightly convex profile with shallow concave band below rim. Rim slightlyconvex on top. Metallic black to dull orange glaze. Similar: P 4387 (overfired,from F 12:3, lower fill), P 11804 (smaller,from BB 17:1). Late 4th to early 3rd century 706 (P 21056) Fig. 50 H-K 12-14 H. 2.5; est. Diam. 12.5. About one-fourth preserved, with complete profile. Straight foot with groove in outer face. Beveled resting surface; nippled underside. Groove halfway up wall. Angle at top of wall. Slightly convex, inwardlysloping rim. Shiny to metallic black glaze; rim and resting surface reserved;miltos. Graffito E on bottom. Late 4th to early 3rd century 707 (P 4470) Fig. 50 F 11:2, upper fill H. 2.0; Diam. 12.2; Diam. of foot 7.6. Over half of rim restored. Low ring foot; broad, rounded resting surface;nippled underside. Straight wall with offset at one-third height. Slightly incurved rim. Metallic black glaze, brown to orange outside. Late 4th to early 3rd century 708 (P 11821) Fig. 50, PI. 62 N 19:1, upper fill (Group F) H. 3.8; rest. Diam. 16.9; Diam. of foot 6.4. Over half restored. Low ring foot with groove on exterior; rounded resting surface; convex underside. Convex wall, slightly concave at top. Rim slopes down to inside, with two shallow grooves on top; another groove at edge of floor. Hard, fine, micaceous fabric with white inclusions and many voids; metallic black glaze inside and on exterior rim, stacking circle. Possiblyimported. Late 2nd to 1st century

315

FISH-PLATE

709 (P 30899) Fig 50, P1.63 R 13:11 H. 2.3; Diam. 16.0; Diam. of foot 8.0, of depression 3.6. One-third of rim missing. Flat restingsurface;convex underside. Nearly flat floor. Reservedgroove aroundedge of floor and depression. Nearly vertical overhanging rim. Lustrousblack glaze with red patches underneath. Similar: P 30907 (with banded underside, from same context), P 14247 (AgoraXII, no. 1072, p. 311, fig. 10 [S 19:3, upper fill]). 350-325 710 (P 6963) Fig. 50, PI. 63 AgoraXII, no. 1074, p. 311, fig 10. D-E 8-9:1 H. 2.4; Diam. 16.8; Diam. of foot 9.3, of depression 4.5. One-third of rim missing. Deeply grooved restingsurface;pointed underside. Shallow plate with slightly convex floor. Broad scraped groove around depression and edge of floor. Rim nearly vertical. Slightly metallic black glaze. Similar to the preceding except for foot; less finely made. 325-310 711 (P6962) Fig. 50, P1.63 AgoraXII, no. 1075, p. 311, fig. 10. D-E 8-9:1 H. 3.4; est. Diam. 22.4; Diam. of foot 12.1, of depression 5.9. Three-fourthsof rim and chips of floor missing. Deeply grooved restingsurface;pointed underside. Shallow body, flat floor. Broad, very shallow reserved groove around depression and edge of floor. Lustrousblack glaze; miltos. Ca. 310 712 (P 4432) Fig. 50, P1.63 F 11:2, upper fill H. 2.9; Diam. 17.8; Diam. of foot 10.3; est. Diam. of depression 4.0. About half restored, including center of floor. Deeply grooved resting surface. Groove at junction of foot and body. Slightly concave floor. Scraped groove around depression and edge of floor. Lustrousred glaze; miltos. Similar: P 31035 (Rotroff 1983, no. 10, p. 284, fig. 6 on p. 269, pl. 51 [H 6:9, north chamber,lower fill]). Cf. Vanderpool, McCredie, and Steinberg 1962, no. 22, p. 35, fig. 8 on p. 40. 310-290 713 (P 23538) Fig. 50 AgoraXXVII, no. 119, p. 182, ill. 36, pl. 41. O-R 7-10 H. 3.4; rest. Diam. 20.5; Diam. of foot 12.0, of depression 4.8. Most of rim and part of floor restored;edge of rim missing. Deeply grooved resting surface; pointed underside. Somewhat sloping, nearly straight floor. Very light scraped groove around depression,scrapedgroove around edge of floor. Shiny black glaze, badly scratched;miltos. GraffitoE on floor. Condition of glaze very similar to that of 715 and 716. 310-290

316

CATALOGUE

714 (P 25687) Fig. 50 A 17:3 H. 2.5; est. Diam. 15.5; Diam. of foot 8.2, of depression4.1. Most of rim and part of wall and depression missing. Beveled resting surface;convex underside running continuously into inner face of foot. Reserved band atjunction of foot and body. Straight,slopingfloor. Lightreservedgroovearound edge of floor, reservedgroove around depression. Shiny black glaze; miltos. Treatment of foot and reservedbands are early features,but slope of wall is typical of later fish-plates. 310-290? 715 (P 20318) Fig. 50 AgoraXII, no. 1076, p. 311, fig. 10; AgoraXXVII, no. 120, pp. 182, 184, pl. 41. O-R 7-10 H. 3.5; est. Diam. 18.0; Diam. of foot 8.9, of depression4.2. Most of rim missing; large parts of surface of floor chipped away. Deeply grooved but fairly narrow resting surface; pointed underside. Foot quite high. Very sloping, straight floor. One glazed and one scraped groove around depression, scraped groove around edge of floor. Rim at pronounced angle from vertical. Dull glaze, brownishorange to black, badlyscratched. Condition of glaze very similar to that of 713 and 716. 310-290 716 (P 28134) Fig. 51, P1.64 Stella G. Miller 1974, no. 39, p. 234, fig. 5, pl. 32. F 16:8 H. 2.9; Diam. 19.8; rest. Diam. of foot 10.2, of depression 5.0. Most of depression and foot, half of rim, and part of floor restored. Beveled, slightly concave resting surface. Sloping, slightly concave floor. Scraped groove around depression and edge of floor. Shiny black glaze, badly peeled. Condition of glaze very similar to that of 713 and 715. 290-275 717 (P865) Fig. 51, P1.64 Rotroff 1983, no. 42, p. 288, fig. 6 on p. 269 (inaccurate), pl. 54. H 6:9, south chamber,lower fill H. 3.6; rest. Diam. 21.0; Diam. of foot 11.1, of depression 5.9. Three-fourths of rim and part of floor restored. Deeply grooved resting surface; convex underside. Very sloping, straightfloor. Scraped groove around depression and scraped or worn band around edge of floor. Shiny black glaze with red stacking circle, red underneath. Another from same deposit, slightly earlier: P 866 (Rotroff 1983, no. 41, p. 288, fig. 6 on p. 269, pl. 54). 290-275 718 (P 30941) Fig. 51 R 13:9 H. 3.0; Diam. 17.2; Diam. of foot 9.0, of depression 4.6. Most of rim and wall missing. Beveled resting surface; pointed underside. Very sloping, concave floor. Scraped groove around edge of floor, scraped groove and slight ridge around depression. Slightly metallic black glaze, stackingcircle.

Similar,from same context: P 30951. Ca. 275 719 (P 7730) Fig. 51, PI. 64 E 3:1 H. 2.5; Diam. 15.0; Diam. of foot 6.7, of depression 3.6. One-third of rim and floor restored. Beveled resting surface; convex underside. Thin-walled plate with sloping, convex floor. Scraped groove around depression and edge of floor. Dull glaze, mottled greenish to brownish black. P 7703, fromsame deposit, is also small, probablyfromsame workshop. Similar to 723, except for treatment of depression. 275-250 720 (P400) Fig. 51, P1.64 H 6:4 H. 3.0; Diam. 20.7; Diam. of foot 8.8, of depression 3.5. About one-third of rim and floor restored. Flat resting surface; pointed underside. Thin-walled plate with straight,sloping floor. Scraped groove around depression and edge of floor. Small depression. Very low rim at angle to floor. Metallic black glaze with stacking circle. Similar:P 11241 (B 13:7, bottom fill). 250-225 721 (P 11287) Fig. 51 B 13:8, lower fill H. 3.2; Diam. 22.0; Diam. of foot 10.7; est. Diam. of depression 4.9. Half of rim, center of floor,and parts of wall restored. Narrow, steeply beveled resting surface. Thin-walled plate with very sloping, slightlyconvex floor. Scraped groove around depression and edge of floor. Nearly vertical rim at angle to floor. Metallic black glaze, peeled. Shape similar to Vanderpool, McCredie, and Steinberg 1962, no. 19, p. 35, fig. 8 on p. 40, but thinner wall and foot. 250-225 722 (P6239) Fig. 51, PI. 65 E 14:1, lower fill H. 4.3; Diam. 29.4; Diam. of foot 15.1, of depression 6.4. One-third of rim and floor and small part of foot restored. Beveled resting surface;pointed underside. Sloping, nearly straight floor. Deep scraped groove around depression and edge of floor. Fairly straight rim at angle to floor. Metallic black glaze with stackingcircle. 250-225 723 (P 20920) Fig. 51, PI. 64 AgoraXXVII, no. 206, p. 194, ill. 41, pl. 48. Q8-9 H. 2.1; rest. Diam. 14.9; Diam. of foot 7.6, of depression 2.7. About half restored. Beveled resting surface; pointed underside. Shallow plate with convex floor. Broad scraped groove around depression and edge of floor. Low rim, not at sharp angle to floor. Thin, brittle fabric;slightlymetallic black to dull reddishglaze, stackingcircle. Similar: P 18737 (MI21:1), with very small depression, and 719, except for treatment of depression. 250-225?

PLATE AND SAUCER

317

724 (P 8406) Fig. 51 D 11:2 H. 3.0; est. Diam. 17.2; Diam. of foot 8.8, of depression4.6. Three-fourths of rim and center of depression missing. Grooved resting surface. Very sloping, nearly straightfloor. Deep scraped groove and ridge around depression, scraped groove around edge of floor. Stronglyconvex rim curvesgently into floor. Metallic black glaze with red stacking circle, red underneath. On this and 725 early features (grooved resting surface) are combined with late ones (ridge around depression, gentle transition from rim to floor). Glaze similar to that of 725 and P 11446 (E 5:2, lower fill), possibly all from one workshop. Ca. 225?

Cf. Braun 1970, no. 193, p. 158, fig. 14 on p. 164, pl. 74:1 (with shallower depression). 225-200

725 (P6240) Fig. 51 E 14:1, lower fill H. 3.4; max. p. Diam. 20.2; Diam. of foot 10.4, of depression 4.4. Rim and part of floor missing Deeply grooved resting surface; pointed underside. Sloping, nearly straight floor. Very deep scraped groove around depression and edge of floor. Rim not sharply angular to floor. Metallic black glaze with brown stacking circle. GraffitoH on floor. For glaze see 724. Ca. 225?

730 (P 28627) Fig 51, P1.65 P21:4 H. 4.7; est. Diam. 24.0; Diam. of foot 9.0, of depression 3.4. Three-fourthsof rim and wall missing Broad, flat resting surface, probably worn rather than reserved; convex underside running smoothly into inner face of foot. Very deep body, concave floor. Scraped groove and ridge around depression,scrapedgroove around edge of floor. Floor of depressionconvex at center. Flaring rim at pronounced angle to floor. Metallic black glaze with stacking circle, brown underneath. Ca. 175

726 (P 11445) Fig. 51, P1.65 E 5:2, lower fill H. 3.2; Diam. 18.6; Diam. of foot 9.3, of depression 4.2. One-third of rim and wall restored. Beveled, scraped resting surface; pointed underside. Scraped groove at junction of foot and body. Fairly shallow plate with convex floor. Deep, broad groove with scraping around depression;narrow scraped groove around edge of floor. Low, fairly straight rim. Metallic black glaze. Ca. 225?

731 (P 23743) Fig. 51 AgoraXII, p. 310, under no. 1063. H-K 12-14 P.H. 8.9; est. Diam. of foot 34.0, of depression 10.0. One-fourth of foot, part of wall, and depression preserved. Beveled, slightly concave resting surface, scraped at inner edge; convex underside. Steeply sloping, concave floor. Scraped groove and ridge around depression. Metallic black glaze. Another large example (Diam. of foot 19.5 cm.): P 11419 (F 5:1, middle fill). 225-175

727 (P21012) Fig. 51 H-K 12-14 H. 3.9; est. Diam. 23.0; est. Diam. of foot 12.0. Less than half preserved;center of floor missing. Flat, narrow resting surface. Very sloping, concave floor. Broad groove, narrow scraped groove, and ridge around depression; scraped groove around edge of floor. Rim at pronounced angle to vertical, not sharply angular with floor. Slightly metallic black glaze with slight stacking circle. Similar but smaller: P 18737 (M 21:1). 225-200 728 (P26262) Fig. 51 AgoraXXI, F 208, p. 44, pl. 20. M 18:10 H. 3.5; est. Diam. 20.6; Diam. of foot 10.5, of depression 3.3. Most of rim and much of floor missing. Rounded resting surface; convex underside. Sloping, concave floor. Deep scraped groove and ridge around depression; scraped groove around edge of floor. Very flaring rim, convex to outside, runs smoothly into floor. Slightly metallic black glaze with brown stacking circle. GraffitoAEK on underside. Similar: P 11418 (F 5:1, middle fill).

729 (P 12056) Fig. 51 N 20:7, lower fill H. 3.9; rest. Diam. 19.6; Diam. of foot 10.0, of depression 2.8. Rim and part of floor restored. Narrow, rounded resting surface, worn but probably not reserved; pointed underside. Sloping, concave floor. Small depression. Glazed groove around depression and edge of floor. Widely flaring rim runs smoothly into floor. Metallic black glaze with brown stacking circle, brown underneath. 200-175

732 (P 11813) Fig. 51, Pl. 65 N 19:1, upper fill (Group F) H. 5.5; Diam. 22.8; Diam. of foot 8.9, of depression 4.2. Over half of rim and much of floor restored. Small, high foot; flat, glazed restingsurface;roughlypointed underside. Deep body, concave floor. No grooves around depression or edge of floor. Depression undercut, slightly convex at center. Low rim with tapering edge. Slightly abnormal fabric, light red (2.5YR 6/8), with little mica; shiny brown-to-blackglaze, brownunderneath;fingermarkson foot. Possiblyimported. Late 2nd to early 1st century 733 (P 5986) Fig. 51 E 14:3 H. 5.8; max. p. Diam. 26.0; Diam. of foot 8.6, of depression 3.3. Rim missing;part of floor restored. Rounded resting surface; pointed underside. Small foot. Deep body with concave floor. Scraped groove and ridge around depression, scraped groove around edge of floor. Remaining trace of rim is nearly horizontal. Metallic black glaze. Late 2nd to early 1st century

318

CATALOGUE

SAUCER: RIM PROJECTING EARLYSAUCERS

734 (P 5995) Fig. 52, PI. 66 E 14:3 H. 3.0; Diam. 13.1. Center of floor and parts of rim and wall restored. Low, broad, slightly flaring foot; grooved resting surface; nearly flat underside. Resting surface and underside reserved. Shallow body with groove below rim outside. Rim convex on top. Metallic black glaze; finger markson foot and lower wall. Graffito nI on floor. Treatment of foot and glaze suggest early date. Ca. 275? 735 (P 7702) Fig. 52, P1.66 E 3:1 H. 3.5; Diam. 15.2. One-fourth of rim and parts of wall missing. Broad foot; narrow,flat resting surface;pointed underside, offset from inner face of foot. Continuously curving wall, nearly horizontal rim. Dull greenish black glaze, stacking circle; no finger marks. Similar: P 1079 (I 17:5). 260-250 736 (P 31337) Fig. 52, P1.66 J 3:2 H. 4.2; est. Diam. 15.0. Three-fourths of rim and wall missing. Angular foot; beveled resting surface; nearly flat, nippled underside. Continuously curving wall. Floor is slightly raised; at center a small depression surroundedby ridge and a broad groove. Projecting, very slightly downturned rim. Reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/6) with abundant mica; slightly metallic black glaze. Possiblyimported. Ca. 250 737 (P 1109) Fig 52, P1.66 H. A. Thompson 1934, B 5, p. 335, fig. 15 and fig. 116 on p. 433; Morel 1981, no. 151lb 1, p. 117, pl. 20. H 16:3, south tunnel (Group B) H. 3.7; Diam. 16.4. Parts of wall restored. Broad foot; flat resting surface; nippled underside runs smoothly into inner face of foot. Angle below rim on exterior. Narrow,horizontal rim. Dull red glaze; no finger marks. Ca. 250 SAUCERS FROM CONTEXTS DEPOSITED Ca. 250-225

738 (P 11281) Fig. 52 B 13:8, upper fill H. 2.1-2.5; rest. Diam. 15.3. Over half of rim and wall restored;badly warped. Heavy foot; beveled resting surface; pointed underside. Very shallow saucer with groove partwayup very straightwall. Wide, slightly downturned rim. Thick, lustrous red glaze; no finger marks. 739 (P 16274) N 21:4, lower fill H. 3.4; Diam. 16.1. Over half of rim and wall missing.

Fig. 52

Broad foot; outwardly beveled resting surface; nippled underside. Angle at top of wall. Rim slightly downturned. Blotchy metallic black glaze, stacking circle. SAUCERS FROM CONTEXTS DEPOSITED Ca. 225-200

740 (P 6233) Fig. 52, PI. 66 E 14:1, lower fill H. 4.5; rest. Diam. 16.7. About half restored, including center of floor. High foot; flat resting surface. Very narrow, downturned rim. Shiny to metallic black glaze, much peeled, stacking circle. 741 (P 25987) Fig. 52, P1.66 F 17:3, middle fill H. 3.6; Diam. 15.6. Rim chipped. Broad foot with groove on outer face; beveled resting surface; pointed underside. Shallow saucer with thick wall, angular at top. Thick, downturned rim overhangs floor. Thick, shiny black glaze, with one unglazed spot on floor. 742 (P 6232) Fig. 52 E 14:1, lower fill H. 3.3; Diam. 16.0. About one-fourth of wall and rim missing; warped and overfired. Broad, beveled resting surface;pointed underside. Shallow saucer with angular wall. Downturned rim overhangs floor. Fabricpartlyfiredgray;metallic brown glaze with red stacking circle, dull to metallic on exterior. SAUCERS FROM CONTEXTS DEPOSITED Ca. 200-175

743 (P 18728) Fig. 52, P1.66 MI21:1 H. 2.8-3.4; Diam. 16.3. Center of floor and part of foot and wall missing;warped. Broad,angularfoot, flaringbut irregular;outwardlybeveled resting surface. Slight angle at top of wall; faint rippling on wall. Rim slightly downturned. Shiny black glaze, slight stackingcircle. Saucers and bowls with exterior rippling: 745, 746, 751, 757, 1098, P 28625 (P 21:4), probablyall from same workshop. Similar shape: P 7214. 744 (P 11449) Fig. 52 E 5:2, lower fill H. 3.8; Diam. 15.4. About half of wall and rim missing. Flat resting surface; pointed underside, partly unglazed. Plain wall with narrow groove at base. Narrow,slightly downturned rim. Dull brown glaze with metallic patches. Graffito H on underside. Similar:P 28089 (F 17:4). 745 (P 18727) Fig. 52, P1.66 Ml21:1 H. 4.1; Diam. 17.9. Piece of rim missing. Small foot; broad, flat resting surface; pointed underside. Rippling on exterior of wall. Downturned rim. Shiny to metallic black glaze, stacking circle. Nearly identical: P 28625 (P 21:4). For rippling see 743.

PLATE AND SAUCER 746 (P 18726) Fig. 52 M21:l H. 4.5-5.2; Diam. 19.6. Fragmentsof wall and rim missing;warped. Angular foot; broad, flat resting surface; slightly pointed underside. Resting surface and underside partly unglazed. Irregular wall with faint rippling on exterior. Downturned rim. Shiny black glaze. For rippling see 743. 747 (P 20918) Fig. 52, P1.66 Q8-9 H. 4.5; rest. Diam. 18.7. Most of rim and upper wall restored. Beveled resting surface; pointed underside. Angle at top of wall. Downturned rim, convex on top and overhanging interior. Thick, metallic black glaze, stackingcircle. 748 (P 28626) Fig. 52, P1.66 P21:4 H. 3.1; Diam. 16.1. Parts of rim, wall, foot, and floor restored. Broad foot; flat resting surface;uneven, pointed underside. Angle at top of wall. Downturned rim. Shiny to metallic black glaze. 749 (P 12057) Fig. 52 N 20:7, lower fill H. 4.2; Diam. 17.1. Over half of rim and wall restored. Outwardly beveled resting surface; pointed underside. Heavy, slightly angular wall. Downturned rim, convex on top. Metallic black glaze, brown underneath and on part of outer wall, stacking circle. 750 (P 21017) Fig. 52 H-K 12-14 H. 4.3; est. Diam. 17.8. Three-fourths of rim and half of wall missing. Angular foot; narrow, beveled resting surface; pointed underside. Angle at top of wall. Downturned rim. Thick, shiny black glaze. Cf. Braun 1970, no. 138, p. 148, fig. 12 on p. 163, pl. 64:1. 751 (P 18730) Fig. 52, P1.66 M21:l H. 4.0; Diam. 17.3. Half of foot and one-third of wall and rim restored. Slightly beveled resting surface; pointed underside. Rippling on wall. Sharply downturned rim with ridge at inner edge. Metallic brown glaze, reddish brown on stacking circle and outside. Similar: P 14307 (N 20:7, lower fill). For rippling see 743.

One-third of wall and rim missing. Angular foot; broad, beveled resting surface; convex underside with nipple. Deep body, straight wall with offset at top. Rim convex on top, with ridge at inner edge. Incomplete stamp on floor: O[ within rectangle. Shiny black-to-tanglaze, stacking circle. For stamp see 774 and 775, possibly also of this shape. Cf. also Samothrace III, ii, no. 64.308, pp. 214-215 (saucerstamped OEEQN;for a discussion of the practice of markingbowls with this designationat Samothrace, see Samothrace II, ii, pp. 29-36). 754 (P 19898) Fig. 52, PI. 66 D 17:5, lower fill H. 4.6; Diam. 17.8. Small areas of wall restored. Small angular foot; rough, beveled resting surface;pointed underside. Fairlydeep saucer with angle at top of wall. Downturned rim with slight ridge at inside edge. Shiny to metallic black glaze. 755 (P 14308) Fig. 52, P1.66 N 20:7, lower fill H. 4.5; Diam. 18.6. About half of rim and parts of wall and floor restored; warped. Small foot; rounded resting surface; pointed underside. Deep, very irregular body, possibly misfired, with paring on exterior. Downturned rim overhangs floor. Tan-to-black, dull-to-metallicglaze, stackingcircle. Similar:P 26863. SAUCERS FROM CONTEXTS DEPOSITED Ca. I75-150

756 (P 23596) Fig. 53, PI. 66 AgoraXXVII, no. 249, p. 201, ill. 43, pl. 52. Q9:4 H. 4.0; rest. Diam. 19.1. Half missing;part of rim and foot restored. Small foot; rounded resting surface, scraped or worn; convex underside. Straight wall with angle at top. Downturned rim, convex on top. Shiny to metallic black glaze, stacking circle. 757 (P 27610) Fig. 53, P1.66 I-0 15:1 (1) H. 4.3-4.8; Diam. 18.4 A few small chips missing. Flat resting surface, reserved or worn; uneven underside. Deep saucer with angle at top of wall and faint rippling on exterior. Rim slightly downturned. Dull to shiny to metallic black glaze, badly peeling on inside. For rippling see 743. 758 (P 11416) Fig. 53, P1.66 F 5:1, middle fill H. 4.3-5.1; est. Diam. 18.2. About one-third of rim and wall missing. High foot; rounded resting surface;pointed underside. Angle at top of wall. Thick, strongly downturned rim, concave on top. Shiny to metallic black glaze, brown underneath and on stacking circle. Closely similar:P 27201 (E 29:2).

752 (P 18729) Fig. 52 M21:l H. 4.5; Diam. 18.4. Large pieces of rim and floor missing. Angular foot; broad, beveled resting surface;convex underside with nipple. Deep saucer with straightwall, angle partway around at top. Rim convex on top, with ridge at inner edge. Metallic black glaze, peeling, with stacking circle.

SAUCERS FROM CONTEXTS DEPOSITED Ca.

753 (P 26157) M 18:10 H. 4.9; Diam. 19.1.

759 (P 19948) D 17:5, upper fill H. 4.0; rest. Diam. 18.2.

Fig. 52, Pls. 66, 147

319

50-I10

Fig. 53, PI. 67

320

CATALOGUE

Two-thirds of wall and rim restored. Small, heavy foot; flat resting surface; pointed underside. Irregular wall with slight angle at top. Narrow downturned rim. Metallic brown glaze, stacking circle. 760 (P 28315) Fig. 53 P 20:2 H. 4.5; Diam. 18.0. One-third of rim and wall missing. Small foot; flat, narrow resting surface; pointed underside. Slightly downturned rim, concave on top. Shiny black glaze, slight stacking circle. Similar: P 13308 (H 12:1), P 28432 (P 20:2). 761 (P 8562) Fig. 53, P1.67 Rotroff 1983, no. 96, p. 295, pl. 60. E 6:1, lower fill H. 4.1; Diam. 18.2. Half of foot and parts of rim, wall, and floor restored. High, angular foot; flat resting surface with thin glaze; pointed underside. Rim concave on top, with ridge at inner edge. Metallic black glaze, stacking circle. 762 (P 3330) Fig. 53 H. A. Thompson 1934, E 19, p. 395, fig. 116 on p. 433; Morel 1981, no. 1151a 1, p. 88, pl. 5. F 15:2 (Group E) H. 4.4; Diam. 17.5. About half of wall and rim missing. Small foot; flat resting surface; pointed underside. Downturned rim with ridge at inner edge. Metallic black glaze, peeling. 763 (P 3329) Fig. 53, P1.67 H. A. Thompson 1934, E 21, p. 395, fig. 82 and fig. 116 on p. 433; Morel 1981, no. 1151b 1, p. 88, pl. 5. F 15:2 (Group E) H. 4.1; Diam. 18.1. Part of rim and wall restored. Small angular foot; irregularrestingsurface;pointed underside. Irregularwall. Strongly profiledrim, convex on top, with prominent ridge at inner edge. Nipple at center of floor. Dull black-to-brownglaze, red on stacking circle. SAUCERS FROM SULLAN DESTRUCTION DEBRIS (86 B.C.) AND SULLAN CLEANUP

764 (P 3835) Fig. 53, P1.67 M 23:1, main chamber H. 4.1; Diam. 17.2. About one-third of rim restored. Small foot; irregular resting surface; roughly pointed underside. Downturned rim. Dull brown-to-orangeglaze. 765 (P 5991) Fig. 53 E 14:3 H. 4.6-5.0; est. Diam. 19.0. About half of wall and rim restored; hole drilled through center of floor. Small false ring foot, with continuous concave curve from rounded resting surface to underside. Hole in center of floor, probably drilled after firing to convert vessel into strainer or funnel. Thick rim, concave on top with shallow groove in middle. Very sandy fabric;dull red glaze, much missing. Similar shape and glaze: 766 and 769.

766 (P 10886) Fig. 53, PI. 67 D 11:4, lower fill H. 5.5; Diam. 19.3. About half of rim and one-fourth of wall restored. Small, high foot; broad, flat resting surface, reserved; pointed underside. One to two light, probably unintentional, grooves on wall. Upper wall curves towards vertical. Downturned rim, concave on top. Dull red glaze, black in places, peeling badly; no finger marks. Glaze and grooves very similar to 769; cf. also 765. 767 (P 11824) Fig. 53 N 19:1, upper fill (Group F) H. 3.7; est. Diam. 17.5. About one-sixth preserved,with full profile. Angular foot; flat restingsurface;convex underside. Irregular wall. Rim concave on top, with slight ridge at inner edge. Shiny black glaze, red on stacking circle and underneath. 768 (P 19106) Fig. 53, P1.67 N 20:4, fill II H. 4.4; Diam. 19.0. About one-third of rim restored. Small, high foot, angular at top; flat, narrowrestingsurface; slightly pointed underside, unglazed. Slight angle at top of wall. Downturned rim with prominent ridge at inner edge. Metallic black glaze. 769 (P 14408) Fig. 53, PI. 67 M 20:1, middle fill H. 4.2; Diam. 18.1. About one-third restored. Small foot; broad, flat resting surface; convex underside. Four thin grooves on exterior wall, perhaps unintentional. Small, downturned rim with slight ridge at inner edge. Dull red glaze with black patches, much missing. Glaze and grooves similar to 766; shape similar to 770. 770 (P 5992) Fig. 53, PI. 67 E 14:3 H. 4.3; Diam. 16.8. One-third of wall and rim missing. Small, high foot; irregularly flat resting surface; pointed underside. Deep saucer with downturned rim, concave on top. Coarse fabric with much mica, large white inclusions, and voids; red glaze inside, black glaze just below rim outside. Similar shape but totally glazed: 769. 771 (P 11822) Fig. 53 N 19:1, upper fill (Group F) H. 4.4; rest. Diam. 16.4. Three-fourths of rim restored. Small, irregularfoot; flat resting surface;convex underside. Offset on wall at two-thirds height. Narrow rim, concave on top, with prominent ridge at inner edge. Metallic black glaze with red stacking circle on inside, unglazed outside except for part of area below rim. 772 (P 11867) Fig. 53, PI. 67 N 19:1, upper fill (Group F) H. 3.6; rest. Diam. 15.8. One-third of foot and most of wall and rim restored. Angular foot; beveled resting surface; concave underside with small hole at center (not pierced completely through). Fairlyshallow saucer. Thick rim, convex on top, with ridge at

PLATE AND SAUCER inner edge. Pink fabric (7.5YR 7/4) with abundant fine mica and black inclusions; unglazed. Possiblyimported. 773 (P 20498) Fig. 53, PI. 67 E 14:3 H. 2.5-2.9; Diam. 10.1. One-third of rim and wall restored. High, angular foot; slightly beveled resting surface; nearly flat underside. Slightly angular wall. Downturned rim. Very hard, fine, reddish yellow fabric (7.5YR 7/6), partly burned or fired gray, unglazed. RELATEDPIECES

774 (P 7216) Fig. 53, P1. 147 Area O 16, disturbed Hellenistic context (no lot) PH. 2.2; Diam. of foot 5.2. Foot and part of lower wall. Small, angular ring foot; beveled resting surface; pointed underside. Wall slopes up as for bowl or saucer. On floor, stamped off center: e9oyvtL, retrograde, within rectangle. Shiny black glaze, brown in stacking circle. For stamp cf. 775. A partial stamp in much finer lettering but beginning with 0 appears on 753. PI. 147 775 (P 640) Area H 17 PH. 2.1; Diam. of foot 5.5. Half of foot and floor. Small, angular ring foot; rounded resting surface: small, flat resting surface. Stamped in center of floor: O(E)oyvtg, retrograde, in rectangle. Metallic blackto-brown glaze. For stamp see 774. PLATE:RILEDnRIM

776 (P 7689) Fig. 54, PI. 67 D 15:4, lower fill H. 3.0; est. Diam. 14.3; Diam. of foot 7.8. Two-thirdsof rim missing. Flaringfoot, convex to outside; rounded restingsurfaceruns into inner face of foot, which is offset from convex underside. Underside has two grooves at center. Offset at top of wall. Downturned rim with three grooves in top. Very shallow groove at outer edge of underside of rim. Eight nine-petaled palmettes stamped in circle on floor. Unglazed but with very fine surface that has partly flaked away on the floor. Fabricsimilarto that ofP 26626, P 26627, P 10069, P 16381 (AgoraXII, nos. 1012-1014, 1017, p. 307, fig. 9, pl. 36), covering a range of dates from ca. 450 to 350. 400-350? 777 (P 28888) Fig. 54 J 5:1, VII H. 2.3; Diam. 14.2; Diam. of foot 8.8. Intact. Low,broad foot; rounded restingsurface;convex underside. Straight wall with two grooves below rim. Rim slopes down to inside. Groove around edge of floor. Warped. Shiny black-to-brownglaze over all but rim and resting surface. Groove on floor also appears on 780, 781, 786, P 13548 (O 18:2), and P 17283 (K 6:2). Others with groove on wall are 778, 780, 781, 784, 787, P 6190 (D 15:3), P 13548, and P 17283. 350-325

321

778 (P 4456) Fig. 54 F 11:2, upper fill H. 1.7; rest. Diam. 14.7; Diam. of foot 9.1. Three-fourthsof rim restored;chips missing Low, broad foot; flat resting surface; convex underside. Straight wall with groove at two-thirds height. Narrow rim does not project, slopes slightly down to inside. Thin, metallic brown glaze over all. Similar:P 6190 (D 15:3). For grooved wall see 777. 325-300 779 (P 6355) Fig 54 D 15:3 H. 2.1; Diam. 14.8; Diam. of foot 8.8. One large fragment and chips of rim missing. Low, broad foot; beveled resting surface; nearly flat underside, roughly finished. Convex wall with groove just below rim. Narrow rim does not project, rounded on top. Shiny black glaze with metallic highlightsover all but rim and resting surface;miltos. Others with similarly narrow rims: P 4386 (F 12:3, lower fill), P 28412 (H 4:1). 350-300 780 (P 3510) Fig. 54, P1.67 F 11:2, upper fill H. 2.4; Diam. 14.4; Diam. of foot 8.9. About one-third of rim missing;partially restored. Low, broad foot; broad resting surface beveled to exterior; convex underside. Convex wall with groove at one-thirdheight and another below rim. Groove around edge of floor. Horizontal rim does not project. Dull brown to metallic black glaze over all but rim and resting surface. For grooves on floor and wall see 777. 325-300 781 (P 22031) Fig. 54 F 11:2, upper fill H. 2.0; Diam. 14.3; Diam. of foot 6.8. Half of rim restored. Low foot; flatrestingsurface;flat undersidewith centralbutton. Underside offset from face of foot. Convex wall, slightly concave below rim and with groove above foot. Shallow groove around edge of floor. Rim slopes down to outside, does not project. Dull red glaze, largely missing, originally over all but rim, resting surface, and underside. For grooves on floor and wall see 777. 325-300 782 (P 6968) Fig. 54, P1.67 D-E 8-9:1 H. 2.4; Diam. 12.7; Diam. of foot 7.5. About one-fourth of wall and rim missing. Low, heavy foot; wide, flat resting surface; rough, nearly flat underside. Nearly straightwall with wide groove at about one-third height. Rim with single, wide groove slopes down to outside, does not project. Thin, dull brown-to-orange glaze on all but rim and resting surface. Ca. 300 783 (P 28140) Stella G. Miller 1974, p. 236, under no. 42. F 16:8 H. 2.5; Diam. 12.7; Diam. of foot 7.8. About half of rim restored.

Fig. 54

322

CATALOGUE

Flat resting surface; abrupt transition from foot to slightly pointed underside. Convex wall with pronounced offset below rim. Narrow rim slopes down to inside. Thin, dull red-to-tan glaze on all but rim and resting surface. Offset of wall as on 791, 792, P 20144 (Young 1951b, no. 12:5, p. 128, pl. 53:c [B 17:5]), P 6967 (D-E 8-9:1). Ca. 300 784 (P 18545) Fig. 54 Young 1951b, no. 8:5, p. 124, pl. 52:b; AgoraXII, no. 1043, p. 309, pl. 36. B 19:5 H. 1.9; Diam. 13.3; Diam. of foot 7.6. Complete. Low, broad foot; wide, outwardly beveled resting surface; convex underside. Convex wall with groove at top. Projecting rim slopes down to outside. Dull, thin brown glaze outside, red to dark brown inside, over all but rim and resting surface. For grooved wall see 777. Ca. 300 785 (P 22032) Fig. 54 F 11:2, upper fill H. 2.4; Diam. 13.1; Diam. of foot 6.3. Parts of rim, wall, and foot restored. Flat resting surface; convex underside. Convex-concave profile. Projecting rim slopes down to outside; pronounced inner edge overhangsfloor. Thin, metallic brown-to-redglaze on floor and in band ca. 1.5 cm. wide on exterior. Cf. Braun 1970, no. 20, p. 135, fig. 11 on p. 163, pl. 54:3. Ca. 300 786 (P 3503) Fig. 54 F 11:2, upper fill H. 2.1; Diam. 12.7; Diam. of foot 7.2. Half of rim restored. Flat resting surface; nippled underside. Convex wall. Groove around edge of floor. Projecting rim slopes down to outside. Shiny black-to-redglaze on floor only. For groove on floor see 777. Ca. 300 787 (P 19364) Fig. 54 D 16:1, lower fill H. 2.3; Diam. 13.0; Diam. of foot 6.5. Intact. Wide, flat resting surface; pointed underside. Convex wall with two pronounced grooves at two-thirds height. Nearly horizontal rim. Metallic orange-to-brownglaze on floor only, stacking circle. For grooved wall see 777. Ca. 300 788 (P 2867) Fig. 54 H. A. Thompson 1934, A 4, p. 316. G 13:4, lower fill (Group A) H. 2.5; Diam. 13.4; Diam. of foot 7.6. Small piece of rim and fragment of wall missing. Low, broad foot; wide, flat resting surface; slightly convex underside. Straight wall, but plate warped. Nearly horizontal rim does not project. Metallic brown glaze with red stacking circle, on floor only. 300-275

Fig 54 789 (P 28139) Stella G. Miller 1974, p. 236, under no. 41. F 16:8 H. 2.2; Diam. 12.9; Diam. of foot 7.4. Center of floor and small part of wall and rim restored. Flat resting surface. Thin, nearly straight wall, slightly concave at top. Rim slopes down to outside. Thin, dull red-to-purpleglaze on floor only. Shape and thin wall similar to Vanderpool, McCredie, and Steinberg 1962, no. 25, p. 35, fig. 8 on p. 40, pl. 21. 300-275 790 (P 28141) Fig. 54, P1.67 Stella G. Miller 1974, no. 41, p. 236, fig. 5, pl. 32. F 16:8 H. 2.2; Diam. 12.0; Diam. of foot 5.7. Over half restored, including center of floor. Fairly small foot; wide resting surface, inwardly beveled. Inner face of foot runs smoothly into underside. Convex wall with slight concavity at top. Projecting rim slopes down to outside. Shiny black glaze with metallic patches, on floor only. Similar:P 2868 (H. A. Thompson 1934, A 5, p. 316 [G 13:4, lower fill]). 300-275 791 (P 7367) Fig. 54, P1.68 E 3:1 H. 2.4; Diam. 12.0; Diam. of foot 7.0. A few chips of rim missing. High foot; flat resting surface; pointed underside. Convex wall with offset at top. Projecting,nearly horizontal rim. Dull red glaze, peeling, on floor only. Similar:P 30952 (R 13:9). For offset at top of wall see 783 (fullyglazed). Ca. 275 792 (P 28142) Fig. 54 Stella G. Miller 1974, p. 236, under no. 41. F 16:8 H. 1.5; est. Diam. 11.8; Diam. of foot 6.8. Over half of wall, rim, and foot missing. Slightly concave resting surface, inwardly beveled; inner face of foot runs into pointed underside. Nearly straight wall with offsetat top. Projectingrim slopes down to outside. Thin, shiny glaze, streakedred to brown, on floor only. For offset wall see 783 (fullyglazed). Ca. 275 793 (P 18459) Fig. 54 H. A. Thompson 1948, pp. 166-167, pl. 46:3; Young 1951b, no. 13:8, p. 129, pl. 54:a. C 17:2 P.H. 1.2; rest. Diam. 12.6. Less than half of rim and small part of wall preserved; restored. Plain convex wall. Narrow rim does not project. Shiny black-to-brownglaze with metallic patches, on floor only. Ca. 275? 794 (P 20884) D 17:3 H. 2.5; Diam. 13.5; Diam. of foot 6.0. Less than half preserved,with full profile.

Fig. 54

PLATE AND SAUCER Narrow, rounded resting surface;pointed underside. Convex wall with broad, shallow groove at top. Slightly downturned rim. Shiny black glaze on floor only. 275-250 795 (P 7278) Fig. 54, P1.68 E 3:1 H. 2.1; Diam. 12.0; Diam. of foot 6.5. A few chips of rim missing. Low foot; flat, narrow resting surface; pointed underside. Convex wall. Rim slopes down slightly to outside. Thin, streakybrown glaze with metallic patches, on floor only. Similar: P 2879 (H. A. Thompson 1934, A 3, p. 316, fig. 2 and fig. 117 on p. 436 [G 13:4, lower fill]). 275-250 796 (P 18458) Fig. 54 H. A. Thompson 1948, pp. 166-167, pl. 46:3; Young 1951b, no. 13:7, p. 129, pl. 54:a. C 17:2 H. 2.4; Diam. 12.5; Diam. of foot 6.8. About one-fourth of rim and wall restored. Flat, narrow resting surface;nippled underside. Projecting, nearly horizontal rim. Metallic black glaze on floor only, stacking circle. 275-250 797 (P 19042) Fig. 54 no. 52:c. 9:3, 126, 1951b, p. pl. Young B 18:2 H. 2.3; Diam. 13.0; Diam. of foot 5.8. Half of rim and wall restored;burned. Small, high foot, somewhat damaged in production; flat resting surface;flat underside. Very shallow plate with convex wall with angle at top. Shallow groove on underside of rim. Slightly downturned rim. Thin, dull brown glaze on floor only. Ca. 250 798 (P 31335) Fig. 54 Shear 1984, p. 46, note 94, b, pl. 11:b. J 3:2 H. 2.5; Diam. 11.8; Diam. of foot 4.8. One-third of rim restored;burned. Carelesslymade. Small foot, straighton one side, flaringon the other; wide, irregular resting surface; nippled underside. Irregular angular wall. Downturned rim. Thin brown glaze on floor only. Ca. 250 799 (P 16275) Fig. 55 N 21:4, lower fill H. 2.5; Diam. 11.4; Diam. of foot 5.7. About one-fourth of rim and wall missing. Small foot; flat resting surface;pointed underside. Straight wall. Rim does not project, slopesdown very slightlyto outside. Dull brown glaze on floor only. 250-225 800 (P 248) Fig. 55, PI. 68 H 6:4 H. 2.7; Diam. 12.7; Diam. of foot 5.6. Small chip of rim missing. Flat restingsurface;pointed underside. Nearlystraightwall, slightlyconcave at top. Rim slopes down to outside. Thin, dull brown glaze on floor only. 250-225

323

801 (P9078) Fig 55, PI. 68 N 18:3 H. 3.1; Diam. 12.6; Diam. of foot 5.9. Fragmentof rim missing. Rounded resting surface; convex underside. Continuous cyma recta curve from foot to lip. Very slightly downturned rim. Thin, dull brown-to-orange glaze, mostly missing, on floor only. In upper range of height for this period. Similar wall profile: P 12066 (N 20:7, lower fill), P 12745 (O 20:2), P 16215 (N 21:4, middle fill), P 20905 (Q 8-9), P 21009 and P 27435 (both H-K 12-14), P 28177 (F 17:4), P 28512 (P 21:4). 225-175 802 (P 28513) Fig. 55 P21:4 H. 2.3; Diam. 12.0; Diam. of foot 4.9. Two pieces of rim missing. Small foot; roundedrestingsurface;irregular,flatunderside. Convex wall. Downturned rim. Thin, dull brown glaze on floor only. Similar:P 28516 (P 21:4). 200-175 803 (P 12025) Fig. 55, P1.68 N 20:6, lower fill H. 2.4; Diam. 11.8; Diam. of foot 5.9. Small part of wall and rim restored. Broad foot; rounded resting surface; pointed underside. Convex wall, slightly angular. Downturned rim. Dull orange glaze on floor only. Broadest foot for this period. 200-175 804 (P 18739) Fig. 55 M 21:1 H. 2.9; Diam. 12.9; Diam. of foot 5.9. Tiny chips of rim missing. Flat resting surface; pointed underside. Convex wall with angle at top. Downturned rim. Thin, dull black-to-orange glaze on floor only. Similar: P 20906 (AgoraXXVII, no. 208, p. 194, ill. 41, pl. 49 [Q8-9]), P 22860 (H-K 12-14). 200-175 805 (P 19893) Fig. 55 D 17:5, lower fill H 3.3; Diam. 14.5; Diam. of foot 5.5. One-fourth of rim and small part of wall restored. Fairlyhigh, small foot; flat resting surface; slightly nippled underside. Convex wall. Downturned rim. Thin, dull brown glaze on floor only. Smallest foot for this period. Similar profiles: P 20907 (AgoraXXVII, no. 210, p. 196, ill. 41, pl. 49 [Q8-9]), P 28514 and P 28515 (both P 21:4). 200-175 806 (P 13673) Fig. 55, Pl. 68 G 5:3, lower fill H. 3.1; Diam. 12.9; Diam. of foot 5.2. One small area restored. Small foot; rounded resting surface; pointed underside. Convex wall meets rim abruptly. Downturned rim. Fabric is

324

CATALOGUE

soft, porous, and gritty,with much mica, some white inclusions; dull red glaze, almost all missing, on floor only. 175-150 807 (P 10728) Fig. 55 F 5:1, middle fill H. 3.2; Diam. 13.9; Diam. of foot 5.3. Chips of rim missing. Small, heavy foot; flat resting surface; convex underside. Convex wall with angle at top. Slightlydownturnedrim. Thin, dull red glaze on floor only. 175-150 808 (P 8579) Fig. 55 E 6:2, lower fill H. 2.4; Diam. 13.7; est. Diam. of foot 5.3. Center of floor, two-thirds of foot, and half of wall and rim missing. Small foot. Shallow plate with convex wall. Sharply downturned rim. Hard fabric with little mica, large voids and white inclusions, white on surface (2.5Y 8/2), very pale brown inside (10YR 7/3); dull brown-to-blackglaze, mostly missing,on floor only. Similar fabric, from same context: P 8580. 150-125? 809 (P 19915) Fig. 55 D 17:5, upper fill H. 3.9; Diam. 14.9; Diam. of foot 5.9. About one-sixth of rim and wall missing. Small, high foot; rounded restingsurface;convex underside. Almost straight wall. Narrow, slightly downturned rim with very shallow grooves, overhanging floor slightly. Thin, dull orange glaze on floor only. 150-100 810 (P 3336) Fig. 55, PI. 68 H. A. Thompson 1934, E 27, p. 395, fig. 83 and fig. 117 on p. 436; Morel 1981, no. 1335a 1, p. 108, pl. 15. F 15:2 (Group E) H. 3.8; Diam. 15.1; Diam. of foot 5.8. Two small areas of wall restored;chips missing. Small foot; wide, flat resting surface; slightly pointed underside. Foot damaged in production. Nearly straight wall. Downturned rim with very faint grooves. Dull orange glaze on floor only. Similar: P 3339 and P 3341 (H. A. Thompson 1934, E 30, E 32, p. 395, from same context). 150-110 811 (P3338) Fig. 55 H. A. Thompson 1934, E 29, p. 395. F 15:2 (Group E) H. 3.5; est. Diam. 12.5; Diam. of foot 5.5. Two-thirdsof wall and rim missing. High foot; flat resting surface;pointed underside. Straight wall. Downturned rim. Dull orange glaze on floor only. Similar: P 3337 and P 3340 (H. A. Thompson 1934, E 28, E 31, p. 395, from same context). 150-110 812 (P 19105) N 20:4, fill II H. 2.5; est. Diam. 11.7; Diam. of foot 5.7. Five-sixthsof wall and rim missing.

Fig. 55

Rounded resting surface;nippled underside. Irregularwall. Downturned rim. Pink fabric (7.5YR 7/4), slightly poorer than normal, with abundant mica and some black inclusions; shiny black glaze, mostly missing, on floor only. Similarfabric:P 20904 (AgoraXXVII, no. 209, p. 194, ill. 41, pl. 49 [Q8-9]), P 1083, P 1084, P 13202 (O 20:3, IV). 110-86(?) 813 (P 11826) Fig. 55 N 19:1, upper fill (Group F) H. 2.8; Diam. 12.9; Diam. of foot 5.2. One-fourth of rim and small parts of wall restored. Small foot; flat resting surface; pointed underside. Convex wall. Downturned rim. Shiny red glaze, mostly missing, on floor only. 110-86(?) 814 (P 11827) Fig. 55, P1.68 N 19:1, middle fill H. 3.4; Diam. 13.5; Diam. of foot 6.2. Small parts of rim, wall, foot, and floor restored. Inwardlybeveled resting surface;pointed underside. Irregular wall with slight angle at half height. Downturned rim. Dull brown-to-redglaze on floor only. 110-86 815 (P 7007) Fig. 55, PI. 68 D 11:4, lower fill H. 3.9; Diam. 13.3; Diam. of foot 5.2. Chip of rim missing. Small, high foot; rounded resting surface; pointed underside. Deep plate with irregular wall, angled slightly at turn to rim. Downturned rim. Thin, shiny brown-to-tan glaze on floor only. 110-86(?) PLATE: CONCAVE RIM

816 (P 28889) Fig. 55 J 5:1, VII H. 2.1; Diam. 13.9. One fragment and chips of rim missing. Low, broad foot; beveled resting surface;convex underside. Convex wall with offset above foot and below rim. Narrow rim, concave on top. Dull orange-to-brown glaze, top of rim reserved. Another from pre-Hellenistic context: P 24862 (Agora XXVII, no. 32, p. 171, pl. 34 [R 11:5]). For shape cf. Jones, Graham, and Sackett 1973, no. 41, p. 380, fig. 6. 350-325 817 (P6217) Fig. 55 G 11:4 H. 2.2; Diam. 14.3. Complete except for a few chips. Low foot; rounded resting surface;convex underside. Very slight groove above foot. Convex wall. Rim concave on top, with ridge at inner edge. Thick, shiny red glaze, top of rim reserved. Other concave-rim plates from Hellenistic contexts: 818, 819, and P 21010 (H-K 12-14), very crudely made, but possibly dating in 4th century; P 1092 and P 1093 (H 17:5), also possibly 4th century. 325-300

PLATE AND SAUCER 818 (P 10691) Fig. 55 P 10:1 H. 2.1; Diam. 13.0. Half of underside and one-third of rim, wall, and foot missing. Low, broad foot; beveled resting surface; irregular convex underside with nipple. Wall concave below rim. Rim concave on top. Thin, dull red-to-brown glaze inside, with stacking circle, orange on outside; top of rim, band below rim on outside, resting surface, and underside reserved. Ca. 300 819 (P 28138) Fig 55, P1.68 Stella G. Miller 1974, no. 42, p. 236, fig. 5, pl. 32. F 16:8 H. 2.7; Diam. 13.4. Center of floor and part of rim restored. High foot; flat resting surface; convex underside. Concave below rim. Rim slopes inward. Thin, dull brown glaze on floor only. 300-275 PLATE SMALLDECORATED

820 (P 15140) Fig. 56, P1.69 K-L 18-20:1, west branch H. 2.1; Diam. 12.5; Diam. of foot 6.1. Less than half restored. Slightly flaring foot; beveled resting surface with angle at inner edge; convex underside. Angular wall. Projecting rim with one deep, scraped groove at inner edge. Broad scraped groove divides floor into two zones. Center: grapevine with bunch of grapes, the stems and leaves orange, the grapes and accents white. Wall:ivy garland with white main stem and dot rosettes. Slightly metallic black glaze. For ivy cf. 190, 194, and 220. For shape cf. 792. 275-250 821 (P8273) P1.69 C 12:2 H. 2.6; est. Diam. 12.5. Small portion of wall, rim, and foot; center of floor missing. Slightly flaring foot; flat resting surface. Angle near top of wall. Slightlydownturned, rilledrimwith two scrapedgrooves. Broad scraped groove around center of floor. In outer zone, branch and part of tripod. Another branch to left, and traces of another motif at left and right edges. White accents. Dull, dark brown glaze. Related to Dikeras Group? Probably from same workshop as 822 and CVA, Brussels 3 [Belgium 3], pl. 3 [138]:13; possibly also Patsiada 1990, no. 177, p. 191, pl. 76:a and Vierneisel 1964, col. 456, fig. 50 in col. 460. Ca. 275 822 (P 16255) Fig. 56, P1.69 Rotroff 1991, no. 52, p. 80, pl. 28; Rotroff 1994, p. 22, pl. 3:a. N 21:4, lower fill H. 2.6; rest. Diam. 11.1; Diam. of foot 5.7. Half of rim and wall and one-fourth of foot restored. Slightly flaring foot; flat resting surface;pointed underside. Rilled rim with two scraped grooves slopes down slightly to outside. Wide scraped groove around center of floor. Within groove, five-rayedstar with dots between rays. In outer zone:

325

alternating branches and bunches of grapes. Two white fillets hang from branches; white dot rosettes in field. Dull blackto-brown glaze. Related to Dikeras Group. Probablyfrom the same shop as 821. For shape cf. 790. Ca. 275 823 (P 30201) Fig 56, PI. 69 Area T 13, lot PP 228 (nondescript context, Greek and early Roman?) H. 2.0; est. Diam. 12.0; Diam. of foot 5.2. Less than half preserved,with center of floor missing. Slightlyflaringfoot with groove at top of inner face; concave resting surface. Warped in firing; nearly horizontal wall with two grooves. Downturned, rilled rim with two grooves, the outer one scraped. Rim overhangs floor. Deep groove with scraped edges around center of floor. In center, traces of white, probably petal of a rosette. Outer zone: olive garland with white berries and incised stem. Dull-to-metallic glaze, brown to green; miltos. 275-250? 824 (P 8403) Fig. 56, P1.69 D 11:2 H. 2.2; Diam. 11.7; Diam. of foot 6.3. About one-fourth of rim and wall restored. Slightly flaring foot with offset in inner face; flat resting surface; pointed underside. Angle at top of wall. Slightly downturned, rilled rim with two grooves in top. On floor, ivy garland with white dot rosettes, incised ivy stems. Metallic black glaze. Similar:P 1812 (H. A. Thompson 1934, A 38, p. 321, fig. 6 and fig. 117 on p. 436 [G 13:4, lower fill]). For other ivy garlandswith incised stems see 193. 275-250 825 (P 18738) Fig. 56, P1.69 M 21:1 H. 2.6; Diam. 13.0; Diam. of foot 5.9. Chips missing. Low, slightly flaring foot; concave resting surface beveled to inside; pointed underside. Downturned, rilled rim with two deep grooves, the inner one scraped. Scraped groove around center of floor. Within groove, four stamped radiating palmettes. Floor outside groove is rouletted. Metallic black glaze. For rouletting see 324. 225-175 826 (P 2979) Fig. 56, PI. 69 H-K 12-14 H. 2.9; rest. Diam. 11.3; Diam. of foot 5.2. Over half of wall and rim restored. Flaring foot; flat resting surface; nippled underside. Slight angle at top of wall. Downturned rim, convex on top. Scraped groove around center of floor and at edge of floor. In center, sixteen-rayedasteriskwith alternating orange and white rays. Floor and upper surfaceof rim rouletted. Metallic blackglaze. For rouletting see 324. 225-175 827 (P 16254) Fig. 56, P1.69 N 21:4, lower fill H. 1.9; rest. Diam. 13.5; rest. Diam. of foot 5.4. Center of floorand two-thirdsoffoot, wall, and rim restored.

326

CATALOGUE

Small, slightly flaring foot; beveled resting surface; flat underside. Groove in wall at half height, offset at top of wall. Slightlydownturned rim pierced with two holes for suspension. One to two groovesat outer edge offloor, the outerone scraped. Two scraped grooves with white dots between them around center of floor. Center: star with eight orange rays alternating with eight white lozenges. Floor: five spearhead necklaces with stems overpainted white. White dots on rim. Shiny black glaze. For decorative scheme cf. 357-359. 250-225 828 (P 20165) Fig. 56, P1.69 P-R6-12 H. 2.5; est. Diam. 11.0; Diam. of foot 4.3. Three-fourths of wall and rim missing. Small, angular ring foot; flat resting surface; nippled underside. Very slight angle in wall. Plain rim. Broad scraped groove around center of floor, two additional scraped grooves divide wall into three zones. Outer zone: ivy garland with white stems. Middle zone: bead and reel, with orange bead, white reel. Inner zone: orange dots along white wavy line. Metallic black glaze; finger markson foot and lower wall. 200-160? LARGE WEST SLOPE PLATE

829 (P 16125) Fig. 56, P1.69 G 14:2, middle fill, at 14-14.5 m. H. 3.9; Diam. 22.8; Diam. of foot 13.8. About half preserved;center of floor missing. Broad ring foot, convex to outside; grooved resting surface, reserved or worn; nearly flat underside. Inner face of foot runs into underside. Slightly angularwall with scraped groove at half height. Upper wall slightly concave, set off from rim by scraped groove. Rolled rim with deep, reserved groove in top. Two reservedgrooves define decorative registerson floor. Outer band: opposing myrtlegarland. Inner band: ivy garland running right. Lustrousblack glaze; miltos. Shape similar to that of 647, 648, and 652. 300-275 830 (P 21028) Fig. 56, P1.69 H-K 12-14 P.H. 3.4; est. Diam. of foot 15.0. One-fourth of foot and part of floor preserved. Very flaring ring foot with scraped groove at junction with body; beveled, reserved resting surface; convex underside. Within circle of white dots, scraped groove around center of floor. Center: right side of thymiaterion base preserved, with white-dotted branch to right. White fillets hang from branch. Outer part of floor:elaborate thymiaterionwith inside painted white; trace of another at far left (probably originally four). Between thymiateria hang necklaces: double bands with row of dots between, double row of spearhead pendants with two rows of white dots at ends. Traces of white dot rosettes and orange dots above necklaces. Metallic to dull black glaze, stacking circle. 275-225? 831 (P2956a,b) Fig. 56, P1.69 H-K 12-14 P.H. 3.7; est. Diam. of foot 13.0. Two nonjoining fragmentspreservingpart of foot and wall (a) and part of wall (b).

Ring foot with groove in face; grooved resting surface. Slightly convex wall with groove. Two grooves with scraped edges around center of floor. Center: star or rosette with alternating rounded petals and straight rays; petals are white overpainted with orange. This is surrounded by band of pseudo bead and reel between scraped grooves, the horizontal elements white. Outer band: pairs of antithetical leaping dolphins with double dorsal fins, spaced by white dot rosettes, over spiral wave pattern filled in with white and resting on two lines with row of dots between. Leaves spring from wave pattern, alternatingwith dot rosettes. Metallic black glaze. Dolphins very similar to those on 367 and 416, by same hand. 240-220 832 (P 25972) Fig. 56, PI. 70 M 18:10 H. 3.6-4.7; Diam. 33.0; Diam. of foot 17.8. A few fragmentsmissing;partially restored. Broad ring foot, convex to outside; beveled resting surface; pointed underside. Convex-concave wall with two grooves at half height. Warped. Wide, flat rim with scraped groove at outer and inner edge, pierced with two holes for suspension. Two more scrapedgrooves aroundoutside of floor and another around center of floor. Center: star with alternating straight and tapered rays, the latter flanked by smaller,white, tapered rays. Floor: grapevine with white, wavy stem; elongated grape leaves loosely connected to individual stems alternate with rectangles of dots. Inner edge of rim: diagonal strokes. Rim: grapevine with wavy white stem, elongated leaves alternating with spirals, above which are rows of dots. Spirals accented with white(?)dots. Panel with large thunderboltat point where rim pierced for hanging. Shiny to metallic black glaze; miltos. For grapevine on floor cf. 587 and, somewhat less similar, 1271. For thunderbolt cf. 254. Shape close to Watzinger 1901, no. 32, p. 82. The distinctive garland of the rim, with its strong diagonal emphasis, is similarto that on the following: SamosIV,no. 277, p. 116, fig.9, pl. 57 (alsoon the rim of a plate); Vogeikoff 1994, p. 42, pl. 14:a (plate);H. A. Thompson 1934, p. 402 (reversiblelid from the Pnyx); Kopcke 1964, pl. 46:9 (bowl-kantharos);Patsiada 1990, no. 190, p. 195, pl. 77:y (double cruet); Watzinger 1901, no. 3, p. 68, pl. IV, at right (oinochoe). 225-200 833 (P 19772) Fig. 56, P1.69 P-R 6-12 Max. p. dim. 6.2. Single fragment, broken all around. Scraped groove at outer edge of preserved interior surface; groove on exteriorwall and offsetat edge, possiblybeginning of rim. Paintedboth inside and outside. Inside:ivy garlandat left. Stem is two orange lines with white between them. Ivy leaves on stems alternatewith white dot rosettes. Spearhead necklace at right, with incised zigzag attaching pendants to band and white dots at tips of pendants. Between the two motifs hangs a broad fillet outlined in orange and painted white. Outside: olive garland; white dots at leaf tips; two orange lines with white between for stem. Metallic black glaze; miltos. Ivy garland similar to that on P 1495 (AgoraXXII, no. 408, p. 92, pl. 71 [H-K 12-14?]). For spearhead necklace with incised zigzag cf. 239 and 341. 225-200?

PLATE AND SAUCER 834 (P 31948) Fig. 56, P. 69 D 11:3, lower fill P.H. 1.4; max. p. Diam. 9.8. Half of foot and floor preserved. Raised base with five concentric grooves and central depression on underside. Scraped groove around medallion and another at edge of preserved section of floor. Medallion: asterisk with straight orange rays alternating with wavy white rays (originallyeight). On floor,alternatingleaves and leaping dolphins. Shiny black glaze. 250-200? 835 (P24813) Fig. 56, PI. 70 H-K 12-14 H. 2.2; Diam. of foot 7.5. Part of foot and floor. Slightlyangularring foot; outwardlybeveled restingsurface; convex underside. Two deep scraped grooves around center of floor. Center: eight-petaled rosettewith alternatepetals white. Outside this, alternating panels of incised checkerboard and lattice, probably originally eight of each. Alternate squaresof checkerboardfilled in with white. Shiny black glaze; miltos. The use of incision for these patterns is unusual at Athens: see 353, 442-444, 1153, 1213, 1350. 210-190 836 (P5912) Fig. 56, Pl. 70 Area G 11, lots B 222 and 223 (late Hellenistic to early Roman context), with 323 P.H. 2.5; Diam. of foot 7.6. Foot and part of floor preserved. Flaring ring foot; rounded resting surface; pointed underside. Glazed groove on exterior at point of break. Two scraped grooves around center of floor. Within them, six-rayedasterisk with alternating orange and white rays. On floor, two olive garlands and two spearhead necklaces. Olive has double orange stem painted in white, dots at tips of leaves. Necklaces have double bands with wavy white lines between, white dots at tips of pendants. Leaf flanked by white dot rosettes preserved above necklaces. Metallic black to dull greenish brown glaze. 250-200? 837 (P21067) P1.70 H-K 12-14 P.H. 1.7; Diam. of foot 4.7. Foot and center of floor preserved. Angular ring foot; rounded resting surface; flat underside. Small plate or bowl. Scraped groove around center of floor with elaborate painted medallion:calyx of four pointed, ribbed petals, filled in white, alternating with white fronds. Outside scraped groove, traces of white dot rosette. Shiny black glaze. Motif possibly imitates medallions of moldmade bowls; cf. P 28527 (AgoraXXII, no. 55, p. 50, pl. 74 [P 21:4]). 225-175 PLATE:OFFSETRIM

838 (P 626) Fig. 57, Pls. 70, 144 H. A. Thompson 1934, D 1, p. 370, fig. 55 and fig. 116 on p. 433; AgoraV, p. 11, under F 5; Morel 1981, no. 1445b 1, p. 115, pl. 19. H 16:4 (Group D) H. 5.5; Diam. 27.5; W. of rim 4.1. About one-third of rim and part of floor restored.

327

Foot has square profile; faint groove in resting surface; pointed underside. Offset of rim very pronounced on inside and outside;rim deeply concave to top, with raisedlip. Rouletting. Metallic black-to-brownglaze, red on stackingcircle and underneath. Ca. 150 839 (P 3333) Fig 57 H. A. Thompson 1934, E 24, p. 395. F 15:2 (Group E) H. 4.6; est. Diam. 26.0; W. of rim 3.5. Half of foot and small section of rim and wall preserved. Flaring foot; grooved resting surface. Angle in inner face of foot. Rim double curved, with slightly raised lip. Rouletting. Shiny black glaze, red stackingcircle. Fromthe same context: 840, 841, P 3332 and P 3335 (H. A. Thompson 1934, E 22, E 26, p. 395, fig. 83). 140-110 840 (P 3331) Fig. 57, Pls. 70, 144 H. A. Thompson 1934, E 23, p. 395. F 15:2 (Group E) H. 4.9; Diam. 29.0; W. of rim 4.2. Half of rim and part of wall restored. Flaring foot; beveled resting surface; irregular,nearly flat underside. Rim strongly offset on inside but not on outside; nearly flat, with plain lip. Rouletting. Metallic black to shiny red glaze, red on stacking circle and underside. 140-110 841 (P 3334) Fig. 57 H. A. Thompson 1934, E 25, p. 395. F 15:2 (Group E) H. 5.1; est. Diam. 25.0; W. of rim 3.6. Half of foot and one-fourth of wall and rim preserved. Flaring foot with angle at top; lightly grooved resting surface; convex underside. Rim weakly offset, concave on top, with plain lip. Rouletting. Metallic black glaze. For similar foot see 852. 140-110 842 (P 11816) Fig. 57 N 19:1, upper fill (Group F) H. 5.8; Diam. 33.6; W. of rim 5.0. Half of rim and parts of floor restored. Foot with square profile; grooved resting surface; flat underside. Rim not strongly offset, concave on top with slightly raised lip. Rouletting. Metallic black glaze, brown on stacking circle and underside. Two others from the same context are imports:1638 (Campana B ware), P 11850 (AgoraV, F 5, p. 11, pls. 1, 60 [ESA]). 110-86 843 (P 5983) Fig. 57 E 14:3 H. 6.1; Diam. 30.7; W. of rim 4.9. Center of floor and half of wall and rim restored. Flaring foot; beveled resting surface. Wall angular on outside. Rim strongly offset on interior, concave on top, with thickened lip. Rouletting. Metallic black to dull greenishbrown glaze; finger markson foot and lower wall. Three more from same context: 845, P 5982, and 1723, the last probablyan import. 110-86

328

CATALOGUE

844 (P 20495) Fig 57, Pls. 70, 144 E 14:3 H. 5.6; rest. Diam. 29.9; W. of rim 5.2. Almost all of rim and parts of floor and foot restored. Groove at top of foot; grooved resting surface; convex underside with nipple. Weak profile; angular on outside, not strongly offset on inside. Very broad, nearly straight rim, sloping upwardssteeply. Rouletting. Fine metallic black glaze, red on stacking circle and underside. 110-86 845 (P5981) Fig. 57 E 14:3 H. 4.7; Diam. 29.7; W. of rim 4.9. Half of floor and foot, one-third of rim and parts of wall restored. Flaring foot; grooved resting surface; flat underside. Rim stronglyoffset on inside,joins wall at angle on outside; slightly convex on top, with upturned edge. Rouletting. Metallic black glaze, badly peeled. For others from this context see 843. 110-86 846 (P 14401) Fig. 57 M 20:1, middle fill H. 3.7; rest. Diam. 23.0; W. of rim 4.4. Three-fourths of wall and rim restored. Nearly vertical foot; grooved restingsurface;pointed underside. Rim not strongly offset; top surface double curved, with raised lip. Rouletting. Shiny black glaze, brown on stacking circle and underside;finger markson foot and lower wall. 110-86 PLATE:UPTURNEDRIM

847 (P 19916) Fig. 58, P1.71 D 17:5, upper fill H. 4.8; Diam. 22.3. Large parts of rim and wall restored. Flat resting surface;pointed underside. Nearly vertical rim. Rouletting. Shiny black glaze with metallic spots. 110-86?

850 (P 16403) Fig. 58, P. 71 F 19:3, lower fill H. 3.6; rest. Diam. 21.0. Three-fourths of rim and wall restored. Deeply grooved resting surface;pointed underside. Rouletting. Large white inclusions in fabric; dull brown glaze with metallic patches, red on stacking circle and underside. Similar but less well made: P 11526 (D 5:2, drawshaft). 110-86 851 (P 19109) Fig. 58 N 20:4, fills I and II H. 6.8; Diam. 29.0. Three-fourths of rim and half of wall restored. Grooved resting surface; flat underside. Faint grooves on wall outside. Rim slightly inclined to inside. Rouletting Metallic black glaze, stacking circle. 110-86 852 (P 11814) Fig. 58, Pls. 71, 144 AgoraV, p. 13, under F 27. N 19:1, upper fill (Group F) H. 5.9; Diam. 31.3. Part of foot and much of rim and wall restored. Angularfoot; grooved restingsurface;flat underside. Slightly incurved rim. Rouletting. Mottled black and red glaze, brown on stacking circle and underside. Similar foot: 841, 853, and P 11815 (N 19:1, upper fill). 110-86 853 (P 26325) Fig. 58 G 13:8 H. 4.4; est. Diam. 27.0. Less than half preserved, but with full profile. Angular foot; grooved resting surface; convex underside. Groove at base of wall. Slightly incurved rim. Rouletting. Shiny red glaze with black patches, peeling. For foot see 852. 110-86 COMPARTMENT PLATE

848 (P 14402) Fig. 58, Pls. 71, 144 M 20:1, middle fill H. 5.7; Diam. 30.8. Partsof wall and about one-fourth of rim restored. High, flaring foot; flat resting surface;flat underside. Some thin grooves on wall, probably unintentional. Upturned rim inclined slightly to inside. Rouletting. Mottled red-to-black glaze, stacking circle. Similar: P 5984 and P 5985 (E 14:3). 110-86

854 (P 27107) PI. 71 Area N 22-23, lot AP 59 (Byzantinecontext) Max. p. dim. 15.0. Part of foot and floor preserved. Ring foot; flat underside. Wall has concave-convex-concave profile. Floor divided by ridges into round central compartment and outer wedge-shaped compartments. Metallic gray glaze inside, dull brown outside. 300-250?

849 (P 14403) Fig. 58, P1.71 M 20:1, middle fill H. 2.9; rest. Diam. 10.9. Half of rim and one-third of body restored. Rounded resting surface; pointed underside. Vertical rim. No rouletting on floor. Dull brown-to-tan glaze; finger marks on foot and lower body. The only example of this small size. 110-86

855 (P 21058) Fig. 58, P1.71 H-K 12-14 Est. Diam. 37.0; max. p. dim. 9.9. Fragmentof rim. Outer face of rim concave, with scraped groove in middle. Upper edge of rim molded, with scraped groove. Ridge running perpendicularto rim divides floor into two compartments. Dull brownish black glaze. 250-175?

BOWL, SMALL BOWL, AND SALTCELLAR

329

ONE-HANDLER SHALLOW

DEEP

856 (P 28744) Fig 58, P1.71 V 5:1, J H. 4.0; Diam. 10.7; Diam. offoot 6.8. Rim chipped; little wear on resting surface. Broad groove in resting surface; nippled underside. Shiny black-to-brownglaze. Graffito M on underside. Similar: P 19050 (Young 1951b, no. 4:5, p. 118, pl. 51:a [B 18:1]). For handle cf. Jones, Graham, and Sackett 1973, no. 24, 377, fig 6, pl. 72. p. 325-300

861 (P 24201) Fig 58, PI. 71 AgoraXII, no. 769, p. 291, fig. 8, pl. 30;Jones, Graham, and Sackett 1973, p. 377, under no. 26. A 8-9:1 H. 5.8; Diam. 10.6; Diam. of foot 5.5. Chip of rim missing. Scraped groove in resting surface;convex underside. Shiny black glaze with stacking circle. Similar:P 19357 (D 16:1, lower fill). 325-300

857 (P 7387) Fig 58, P1.71 31. no. 290, XII, 762, p. pl. Agora E 3:1 H. 4.6; Diam. 10.2; Diam. of foot 5.7. Small area of rim restored. Flat resting surface; nearly flat underside. Thin wall. Dull brown glaze, red on stacking circle and underside. Similar: P 2533 (F 16:1, lower fill). Ca. 300 858 (P 7386) Fig. 58 no. 22. 290, 8, XII, 763, Agora p. figs. E 3:1 H. 4.3; Diam. 10.2; Diam. of foot 6.5. Handle and part of rim missing. Grooved resting surface; pointed underside. Shiny brown glaze, black above stacking line outside. Graffito AM on underside. 300-290 859 (P 4385) Fig. 58 F 12:3, lower fill H. 4.5; Diam. 11.0; Diam. of foot 6.2. Handle and half of rim and body missing, resting surface worn. Lightly grooved resting surface; irregularunderside. Thin wall. Dull black glaze. 300-290 860 (P 10688) Fig. 58 P 10:1 H. 4.5; Diam. 11.1; Diam. of foot 6.5. Handle and pieces of rim missing Flat resting surface; nearly flat underside. Thin wall. Soft fabric;thin, dull brown glaze. 300-290

862 (P 7744) Fig, 58 AgoraXII, p. 291, under no. 768. E 3:1 H. 5.5; Diam. 11.5; Diam. of foot 6.1. Center of floor and one-third of wall and rim missing Beveled resting surface. Shiny black glaze, stackingline. Similar: P 7745 (AgoraXII, no. 768, p. 291, pl. 30 [from same context]), pierced to be used as strainer. 325-300? 863 (P 2866) Fig. 58, P1.71 H. A. Thompson 1934, A 24, p. 318, fig. 4; AgoraXII, no. 770, p. 291, pl. 30. G 13:4, lower fill (Group A) H. 4.8; Diam. 10.0; Diam. of foot 6.0. Wall and rim partly restored. Low foot; flat resting surface; slightly pointed underside. Mottled black-to-brownglaze, shiny outside, dull inside. 300-275 864 (P 6792) Fig. 58 D-E 8-9:1 H. 5.6; est. Diam. 12.0; Diam. of foot 5.1. Handle and three-fourthsof wall and rim missing Small, widely flaring foot; flat resting surface; nippled underside. Shallow groove on upper wall. Scar for handle attached at rim. Shiny black glaze, peeling. 300-275 865 (P 7375) Fig. 58, P. 71 E 3:1 H 5.1; Diam. 10.5; Diam. of foot 5.3. Handle missing;rim and wall chipped. Small, nearly vertical foot; narrow groove at inner edge of resting surface; pointed underside. Very regular chip in wall suggests the piece had a handle attached below the rim. Shiny black glaze, peeling. 300-275

BOWL, SMAALL BOWL, AND SALTCELLAR RIM BOwL:OTrrURNEn CLASSICAL TYPE

866 (P 1832) Fig. 59, Pls. 144, 145 Thompson 1934, A 7, p. 317, fig. 3 and fig 115 on p. 431; Shear 1969, p. 390, n; AgoraXII, p. 294, under no. 806. G 13:4, lower fill (Group A) H. 4.0; Diam. 12.6; Diam. of foot 7.5. Intact.

Groovedrestingsurface;nippledundersiderunningsmoothly into inner face of foot. Reserved band at base of wall. Upper wall nearly straight. Slightly projecting rim. Five linked, nine-petaled palmettes within rouletting. Shiny black glaze; miltos. GraffitoME on floor; illegible graffitoon underside. Similar: P 24087 (AgoraXII, no. 806, pp. 293-294, fig. 8, pl. 32), P 6372 (D 15:3),P 12694 (O 18:2). Ca. 325

330

CATALOGUE

867 (P 8670) Pls. 72, 145 AgoraXII, no. 807, p. 294, pl. 32. C 8:5, at bottom H. 4.8; Diam. 15.1; Diam. of foot 8.3. Small parts of rim and foot restored. Slightly flaring foot; grooved resting surface;flat underside running into inner face of foot. Reserved band at junction of foot and body. Upper body flares slightly to projecting rim. Eight linked, eleven-petaled palmettes within rouletting, with central circle. Shiny black glaze, stacking circle. Similar:P 1833 (H. A. Thompson 1934, A 6, p. 316 [G 13:4, lower fill]), P 22201 (Agora XXVII, no. 106, p. 180, ill. 35, pl. 40 P 6196 (D [O-R 7-10]), 15:3),P 6214 (G 11:4),P 7735 (E 3:1). 325-300 868 (P 4382) Fig. 59 AgoraXII, p. 294, under no. 807. F 12:3, lower fill H. 5.0; est. Diam. 14.2; Diam. of foot 8.0. About one-third of wall and rim missing. Grooved resting surface; nippled underside running into inner face of foot. Reserved band at junction of foot and body. Straight upper wall, projecting rim. Five linked palmettes within very fine rouletting. Shiny black to dull gray glaze, with stacking circle; miltos. Similar: P 4447 (F 11:2, upper fill). 325-300 869 (P 28060) Fig. 59, Pls. 72, 144, 145 Stella G. Miller 1974, no. 27, p. 232, fig. 3, pl. 31. F 16:8 H. 6.6; Diam. 23.9; Diam. of foot 11.8. Half of rim and body restored. Grooved resting surface; pointed underside running into inner face of foot. Scraped band at base of wall. Upper body flares to projecting lip. Six linked palmettes within rouletting. Dull green-to-brown glaze, peeling, with stacking circle. Ca. 300 870 (P 25993) Fig. 59 AgoraXII, no. 808, p. 294, pl. 32. F 17:3, middle fill H. 5.4; Diam. 18.4; Diam. of foot 9.7. Intact. Beveled resting surface; nippled underside. Scraped band at junction of foot and body. Upper wall slightly concave; strongly profiled, slightly overhanging lip. Four palmettes within rouletting. Dull greenish black glaze with red stacking circle, mottled red underneath; miltos. Similar: P 7739 (E 3:1), P 28132 (F 16:8). Similar profile but with reserved rather than scraped line at junction of foot and body: P 3499 (F 11:2, upper fill), P 7705 (E 3:1), P 7811 (E 14:6, lower fill), P 26014 (F 17:3, middle fill). Ca. 300 871 (P 22482) Fig. 59, P1. 145 O-R 7-10 H. 4.0; est. Diam. 12.7; Diam. of foot 6.8. Most of rim and wall missing. Beveled resting surface,glazed; pointed underside. Straight upper wall, projectinglip; no groove at base of wall. Fourferns within rouletting. Metallic black glaze. Identical stamp, closely similar in shape: P 1061. Same stamp but more worn: 872. 300-290

872 (P5651) Fig. 59 E 14:3 H. 3.8; rest. Diam. 12.0; Diam. of foot 6.6. Half restored. Rounded resting surface; pointed underside. Upper wall flares to plain rim. Originally four ferns within rouletting. Shiny glaze, mottled red and black, with stackingline. Graffito X on underside. Same stamp, but fresher,on 871. Similar profile: P 2864 (H. A. Thompson 1934, A 9, p. 317, fig. 3 and fig. 117 on p. 436 [G 13:4, lower fill]), P 28133 (Stella G. Miller 1974, no. 26, p. 232, fig. 3, pl. 31 [F 16:8]), P 7737 (E 3:1). 290-275 873 (P 2877) P1.72 H. A. Thompson 1934, A 8, p. 317. G 13:4, lower fill (Group A) H. 3.7; Diam. 12.2; Diam. of foot 3.7. Pieces of rim missing. Vertical foot with angle at top; beveled resting surface, its inner side scraped; nippled underside at slight angle to inner face of foot. Scraped groove at base of wall. Upper wall flares slightly to plain rim. Rouletting. Metallic black glaze, partly red outside, with stacking circle; miltos. Graffito AIl on underside. 290-275 874 (P 28024) Fig. 59, PI. 145 Stella G. Miller 1974, no. 25, p. 232, fig. 3, pl. 31. F 16:8 H. 3.9; est. Diam. 11.0; Diam. of foot 5.8. Most of wall and rim missing. Beveled resting surface, the inner side scraped; pointed underside. Scraped groove at base of wall. Plain rim. Four palmettes within rouletting. Shiny black glaze; miltos. Same stamp on P 29290 (from same context) and probably on 877. 290-275 875 (P 20883) Fig. 59 D 17:3 H. 4.7; rest. Diam. 17.0; rest. Diam. of foot 8.9. Most of underside and three-fourthsof foot, wall, and rim restored. Beveled resting surface. Scraped groove at base of wall. Rim offset on outside. Rouletting. Shiny black glaze with metallic patches. For rim cf. I. R. Metzger 1984, I.3b.8, p. 206, fig. 3. 290-275 876 (P 7736) P1.72 E 3:1 H. 3.9; Diam. 13.0; Diam. of foot 7.1. Half of rim and wall missing. Flaring foot; flat resting surface;pointed underside at angle to inner face offoot. Scraped groove at base of wall. Projecting lip. Rouletting. Shiny black glaze, partly red outside, with stackingline and stacking circle. 290-275 877 (P 25998) AgoraXXI, F 206, pp. 43-44, pl. 20. F 17:3, middle fill H. 3.9; Diam. 11.3; Diam. of foot 6.0. Two pieces of rim missing, foot chipped.

Fig. 59, PI. 145

BOWL, SMALL BOWL, AND SALTCET.T.AR Beveled resting surface;pointed underside. Scraped groove at top of foot and at base of wall. Flaring wall, plain rim. Four nine-petaled palmettes within rouletting. Shiny black glaze. The letters BAIMA inscribed on underside. N on exterior wall; two strokes inscribed before glazing, making a A; third strokeadded after firing. Stamp probably same as that on 874 and P 29290 (F 16:8) but more worn. Note that Lang reads the graffitodifferently. Ca. 275 878 (P 28025) Fig. 59, PI. 145 Stella G. Miller 1974, no. 28, p. 232, pl. 31. F 16:8 H. 6.5; Diam. 23.2; est. Diam. of foot 10.0. Underside and half of foot, wall, and rim missing. Slightlyflaringfoot; beveled restingsurface. Scrapedgroove at base of wall. Wall flares to strongly profiled lip. Four(?) palmettes within rouletting on floor. Metallic black glaze. Same stamp: P 16413 (H 19:1). Ca. 275 879 (P 20890) Fig. 59 D 17:3 H. 5.1; rest. Diam. 18.8; rest. Diam. of foot 9.3. Over halfoffoot and floor and three-fourthsof wall and rim restored. Beveled resting surface. Scraped groove at base of wall. Downturned lip. Two very faint palmettes (originally four?) within rouletting. Shiny black glaze, mottled red on floor and underside. Similar profile:P 5930 (E 14:1, lower fill). 275-250 880 (P 7706) Fig. 59, Pls. 72, 145 E3:l H. 4.5; rest. Diam. 15.0; Diam. of foot 8.0. Part of foot and most of wall and rim restored. Beveled resting surface with inner side scraped; pointed underside. Scraped groove at base of wall. Wall flares to slightly overhanging lip. Four palmettes within rouletting. Metallic green glaze, black on stackingcircle and underneath, red below stacking line. Same stamp: 881, 883. Similar profile:P 8408 (D 11:2). 275-250 881 (P555) Fig. 59, P1.72 G 14:2, middle fill, at 14 m. H. 4.0; Diam. 12.3; Diam. of foot 6.6. Rim chipped. Flat resting surface;convex underside with nipple runs into inner face of foot. Scraped groove at base of wall. Slightly overhanging lip. Four palmettes within rouletting. Dull red glaze on upper outside and stacking circle inside, brown to black elsewhere. Same stamp: 880, 883. Similar profile:908. 275-250 882 (P 17981) Pls. 72, 145 A 18:1, lower fill H. 5.9; Diam. 18.2; Diam. of foot 9.2. Half of rim and wall missing. Slightly flaring foot; beveled resting surface;pointed underside at angle to inner face of foot. Scraped groove at base of wall. Slightly overhanging lip. Four palmettes within rouletting. Shiny black glaze. 275-250?

331

883 (P 6263) Fig. 59, PI. 145 E 14:1, lower fill H. 3.9; est. Diam. 13.0; Diam. of foot 6.9. Over half of rim and wall missing. Beveled resting surface;pointed underside. Scraped groove at base of wall. Slightly angularwall flareswidely to plain rim. Fourseven-petaledpalmettes within rouletting on floor. Shiny red-to-blackglaze. Same stamp as on 880 and 881 but more worn. 250-240 884 (P 4050) Fig. 59, P1. 145 H. A. Thompson 1934, A 13, p. 317, fig. 115 on p. 431. G 13:4, lower fill (Group A) H. 4.4; est. Diam. 15.0. Part of underside, one-third of foot and wall, and small section of rim preserved. Flaring foot; flat resting surface. Scraped groove at base of wall. Wall flaresto plain rim. One palmette preserved,within rouletting. Dull black glaze, red stacking circle and underside, brown below stacking or dip line outside. Same stamp: 661, P 15160 (N 21:4, lower fill), P 18735 (M 21:1). Similar profile:P 6256 (E 14:1, lower fill). 250-240 885 (P 16262) Fig. 59, Pls. 72, 145 Rotroff 1994, p. 22, pl. 3:ar. N 21:4, lower fill H. 4.0; Diam. 12.4; Diam. of foot 6.1. Small areas of rim and wall restored. Beveled restingsurface;pointed underside. Scraped groove at junction of foot and body. Wall flares widely to plain rim. Four palmettes within rouletting. Shiny brownish red glaze, partly black inside with red stacking circle and red underside. Same stamp: 886-888; P 6255, P 6256, P 6259, and perhaps P 6264 (E 14:1, lower fill), P 15170 and P 16263 (N 21:4, lower fill). Similar profile: P 6255 (E 14:1, lower fill), P 15170 and P 16263 (N 21:4, lower fill). 250-225 886 (P 5836) Fig. 59, Pls. 144, 146 E 14:1, lower fill H. 4.6; Diam. 14.7; Diam. of foot 7.7. One-sixth of rim and fragmentsof wall missing. Flat resting surface; pointed underside. Scraped groove at junction of foot and body. Wall flares to plain rim. Four palmettes within rouletting. Very metallic black glaze on stacking circle, metallic brown outside and underneath, dull brown inside. For pieces with same stamp see 885. Similar shape, from same context: P 6254, P 6260, and P 6261. 250-225 887 (P 6258) Fig. 59, PI. 146 E 14:1, lower fill H. 4.2; Diam. 13.7; Diam. offoot 7.8. About one-third of wall and rim missing. Beveled restingsurface;pointed underside. Scraped groove at base of wall. Wall flares to plain rim. Fourpalmettes within rouletting. Fabric mottled to gray; very metallic gray-to-black glaze, with stacking circle. Forpieces with same stamp see 885. Similar shape: P 23055 (M-N 15:1 [4]). 250-225

332

CATALOGUE

888 (P6257) Fig 59 E 14:1, lower fill H. 4.4; rest. Diam. 14.3; Diam. of foot 7.7. Three-fourths of rim restored. Flaring foot; beveled resting surface; convex underside at angle to inner face of foot. Scraped groove at base of wall. Wall flares widely to rim. Four palmettes within rouletting. Very metallic black-to-brown glaze with stacking circle and stackingline. Forpieces with same stamp see 885. Similarprofile:P 6264 (E 14:1, lower fill). 250-225 889 (P 16133) Fig. 59, P1. 146 G 14:2, middle fill, at 14-15 m. H. 5.4; Diam. 15.7; Diam. of foot 8.6. Small part of rim restored. Beveled resting surface;pointed underside. Scraped groove at base of wall. Flaring wall, plain rim. Wall slightly offset from floor. Fourpalmettes within rouletting. Dull black glaze. Similar shape: P 4183 (E 15:2), P 19896 (D 17:5, lower fill). A closely related stamp, but smaller,on P 6260 (E 14:1, lower fill). A seemingly identical stamp on 664, on 895 (somewhat more worn), and on P 18723 (M 21:1) (much more worn). The offset of the wall is remarkablystrong for this period, but context and stamp suggest a 3rd-centurydate. 250-225? 890 (P 6262) Fig. 59, Pls. 72, 144 E 14:1, lower fill H. 3.7; Diam. 13.0; Diam. of foot 6.6. Half of rim and part of wall, foot, and underside restored. Beveled resting surface;pointed underside. Scraped groove at base of wall. Lower body nearly horizontal; widely flaring rim. Four tiny stamps (three preserved) within rouletting. Dull brown-to-blackglaze, metallic red on stacking circle and underside. Other tiny palmettes: 894, 900, 901, 903, 1032, 1039, P 613 (H. A. Thompson 1934, D 2, p. 370 [H 16:4]), P 3999 (ibid.,C 1, p. 347, fig. 28 and figs. 115, 116 on pp. 431, 433 [G 6:2]), P 4183 (E 15:2), P 4349 (G 11:1), P 18724 (M 21:1), P 20734 (Q 11:3), P 23055 (M-N 15:1 [4]), P 28621 (P 21:4). 225-200 891 (P 28622) Fig. 59, Pls. 72, 146 P21:4 H. 4.1; Diam. 11.2; Diam. of foot 6.0. One-third of rim and fragmentsof wall missing. Flat resting surface; pointed underside. Scraped groove at base of wall. Four palmettes within rouletting. Very metallic black glaze; miltos. Stamp closely similar to that on 660 and P 16119 (G 14:2, middle fill, at 13 m.).

225-200 892 (P 11451) Pls. 72, 146 E 5:2, lower fill H. 5.3; est. Diam. 17.0; Diam. of foot 9.0. Three-fourths of rim and wall missing. Flaring foot; rounded resting surface; pointed underside at angle to inner face of foot. Scraped groove at base of wall. Four palmettes (three preserved)within rouletting. Dull black glaze with metallic patches, stacking circle.

Same stamp: 893. 225-175 893 (P 28597) Fig. 60, PI. 146 P21:4 H. 5.1; Diam. 14.4; Diam. of foot 7.8. One-third of rim and wall missing. Flat resting surface; pointed underside. Scraped groove at base of wall. Four palmettes within rouletting, placed antithetically (not radiating). Metallic brown glaze outside and in stacking circle, black inside, red on underside. Same stamp: 892. Similar profile: P 28621 (from same context), P 20917 (AgoraXXVII, no. 192, p. 192, ill. 39, pl. 47 [Q8-9]).

225-175 P1.72 894 (P 28090) F 17:4 H. 5.7; Diam. 18.2; Diam. of foot 9.7. Half of rim and one-third of wall missing. Slightly flaring foot, concave to outside; beveled resting surface; pointed underside at angle to inner face of foot. Scraped groove at base of wall. Four tiny palmettes within rouletting. Dull gray-to-brownglaze, mostly missing, reddish on underside, stacking circle. Similar shape: P 18722 (Ml 21:1). For tiny palmettes see 890. 225-175 895 (P 28167) Fig. 60, Pls. 72, 144, 146 F 17:4 H. 5.7; est. Diam. 19.0; Diam. of foot 10.9. Most of floor and foot and one-eighth of rim and wall preserved. Beveled resting surface;pointed underside. Scraped groove at junction of foot and body. Four palmettes (three preserved) within rouletting. Dull brown glaze, redder on stacking circle and below stackingline. Similarprofileand probablysame stamp:P 18723 (M 21:1). Same stamp: 664, 889. 225-175 896 (P 28598) Fig. 60, PI. 146 P21:4 H. 5.1; est. Diam. 15.5; Diam. of foot 8.3. Over half of rim and wall missing. Beveled restingsurface;pointed underside. Scraped groove at junction of foot and body. Four nine-petaled palmettes within rouletting. Shiny black glaze, greenish outside. Same stamp: 897. Similar profile: P 18724 (M 21:1), P 28087 (F 17:4). 225-175 897 (P 28462) Fig. 60, PI. 146 P21:4 H. 4.6; Diam. 14.7; Diam. of foot 7.8. Rim chipped. Flat, partly scraped resting surface; pointed underside. Scraped groove at junction of foot and body. Four palmettes within rouletting. Gray to black glaze, peeling. Same stamp: 896. 225-175 898 (P 11680) N 18:3

Pls. 72, 146

BOWL, SMALL BOWL, AND SALTCELLAR H. 4.0; est. Diam. 12.5; Diam. of foot 6.6. Three-fourths of rim and wall missing. Flaring foot; beveled resting surface, partially scraped; pointed underside at angle to inner face of foot. Scraped groove partway around at base of wall. Four palmettes within rouletting. Metallic gray glaze, stacking circle. Same stamp, but larger and fresher, appears on P 6261 (E 14:1, lower fill) and P 16153 (K-L 18-20:1, west branch). 225-175

904 (P 3350)

899 (P 18725) Fig. 60 M21:1 H. 4.1; est. Diam. 11.0; Diam. of foot 6.8. Five-sixthsof rim and wall missing. Narrow, rounded resting surface; pointed underside. Scraped groove at base of wall. Very slightly angular wall. Four tiny palmettes within rouletting. Metallic black glaze, peeling. Graffito X on underside. 225-175

HELLENISTIC TYPE

900 (P 13678) Fig. 60 G 5:3, lower fill H. 4.5; Diam. 13.0; Diam. of foot 7.2. Parts of rim and foot restored. Flat resting surface; pointed underside. Scraped groove at junction of foot and body. Four tiny palmettes within rouletting. Shiny black glaze, peeling. Graffiti on underside: two X's. For tiny palmettes see 890. 175-150 Pls. 72, 144, 146 901 (P 615) H. A. Thompson 1934, D 3, p. 370. H 16:4 (Group D) H. 4.4; Diam. 11.0; Diam. of foot 6.4. Half of foot and rim restored. Very flaring foot; narrow, flat resting surface; pointed underside at angle to inner face of foot. Scraped groove at base of wall. Slightly angular wall. Four tiny, nine-petaled palmettes within rouletting. Very metallic gray-to-green glaze. For tiny palmettes see 890. 175-150 P1. 72 902 (P 26042) O 17:5 H. 5.7; Diam. 14.7; Diam. of foot 7.9. Chips of rim and body missing. Flaringfoot; beveled restingsurface,partlyscraped;pointed undersideat angle to inner face offoot. Scraped groove at base of wall. Rouletting. Shiny black-to-brownglaze with stacking circle. 175-150? 903 (P 28433) Fig. 60, Pls. 72, 146 P 20:2 H. 5.4; Diam. 13.7; Diam. of foot 6.7. Piece of rim and wall missing. Flat resting surface, partly scraped;pointed underside. Angular profile. Floor offset from wall on inside. Fourtiny,sevenpetaled palmettes within rouletting. Dull orange-to-brown glaze, metallic on stacking circle. For tiny palmettes see 890. 150-125

333 P1.72

H. A. Thompson 1934, E 41, p. 395. F 15:2 (Group E) H. 5.5; Diam. 13.9; Diam. of foot 7.3. Half restored. Flaring foot; flat resting surface;pointed underside. Angular wall with scraped groove at base. Two tiny stamps preserved, within rouletting. Dull red glaze. 150-125

RegularSize 905 (P 28043) Fig 60, P1. 146 F 16:8 H. 4.1; est. Diam. 13.0; est. Diam. of foot 6.5. About one-fourth preserved. Flat resting surface;nippled underside runs into inner face of foot. Underside and part of foot unglazed. Slightly angular profile. Upper wall straight. Metallic black glaze. Graffito ]PQf on underside. Similar but totally glazed: P 4414 (F 12:3, upper fill). Ca. 275 P1.73 906 (P 28072) F 16:8 H. 3.5-4.2; Diam. 13.0; Diam. of foot 6.2. Floor and parts of rim and wall restored. Slightlyflaringfoot; rounded restingsurface;undersideruns into inner face of foot. Curved profile,widely flaringrim. Very soft, light red fabric(2.5YR 6/8); shinyred glaze, badlypeeling. Similarshape: P 1816. Similar fabric and glaze: P 1816 and P 1815 (H. A. Thompson 1934, A 10, A 11, p. 317 [G 13:4, lower fill]). Ca. 275 907 (P 25997) Fig 60 F 17:3, middle fill H. 3.6; Diam. 12.6; Diam. of foot 6.4. Rim chipped. Wide, beveled resting surface; slightly pointed underside. Curved profile,widely flaring rim. Thick, shiny black glaze. Similar:P 7738 (E 3:1). 275-250? 908 (P 7810) P1.73 E 14:6, lower fill H. 3.4; Diam. 11.7; Diam. of foot 6.3. Rim chipped. Slightly flaring foot; wide, slightly beveled resting surface; pointed underside at slight angle to inner face of foot. Curved profile, overhanging rim. Thick, shiny black glaze; finger markson foot and lower wall. Similar profile:881; P 14354, from same context. 275-250?

909 (P 1817)

Fig.60, P1.73

H. A. Thompson 1934, A 12, p. 317. G 13:4, lower fill (Group A). H. 3.8; Diam. 12.0; Diam. of foot 5.9. Chips of wall and floor missing. Flaring foot, concave to outside; rounded resting surface; slightly convex underside. Angular wall. Dull black glaze; finger markson foot and lower wall.

334

CATALOGUE

The earliest piece with a pronounced angle in the profile. Similar:P 1815 (H. A. Thompson 1934, A 11, p. 317, from same context), P 14171 (O 20:3, III). Ca. 260? 910 (P 25989) Fig. 60 F 17:3, middle fill H. 3.4; Diam. 11.1; Diam. of foot 5.3. Intact. Flaring, slightly angular foot; rounded resting surface; pointed underside. Curved profile. Soft fabric;dull tan glaze, mostly missing. 250-225? 911 (P 19710) Fig. 60 P 10:2, lower fill H. 4.1; est. Diam. 13.0; Diam. of foot 6.4. Small piece of foot and three-fourthsofwall and rim missing. Slightly flaring foot; flat resting surface, very worn or unglazed; slightly pointed underside. Groove at top of inner face of foot. Curved profile. Very soft fabric; dull black glaze, peeling; finger markson foot and lower wall. Similar:P 554 (G 14:2, middlefill, at 14 m.), P 10769 (P 10:2, lower fill), P 13199 (O 20:1, from unknown depth). 250-225 912 (P 16265) P1.73 N 21:4, lower fill H. 4.0; Diam. 11.8; Diam. of foot 6.0. Part of rim and floor restored. Flaring, slightly angular foot; beveled resting surface; underside at angle to inner face of foot. Angular profile. Dull brown-to-red glaze with red stacking circle; finger marks on foot and lower wall. Similar:P 16267 (fromsame context), P 6252 (E 14:1, lower fill). 250-225 913 (P 25990) Fig. 60 F 17:3, middle fill H. 4.2; Diam. 12.5; Diam. of foot 6.2. Intact. Beveled resting surface, slightly concave; convex underside. Slightly angular profile. Metallic brown glaze inside, mottled red to brown outside; finger markson foot and lower wall. Similar: P 12956 (O 20:2). 250-225? 914 (P6251) P1.73 E 14:1, lower fill H. 3.7-4.1; Diam. 12.7; Diam. of foot 6.1. Rim and foot chipped. Slightly flaring foot; beveled restingsurface;pointed underside at angle to inner face of foot. Irregularwall, horizontally faceted. Brown glaze, dull inside and metallic outside; finger markson foot and lower wall. Similar,from same context: P 6249. 250-200 915 (P 6253) P1.73 E 14:1, lower fill H. 3.8; Diam. 13.6; Diam. of foot 6.0. Piece of wall missing, surface badly pitted. Small, flaring foot, concave to outside; rounded resting surface; pointed underside at angle to inner face of foot. Curved profile, widely flaring rim. Dull brown-to-redglaze. 250-200

916 (P 6247) Fig 60 E 14:1, lower fill H. 4.6; Diam. 12.8; Diam. of foot 5.9. One-fourth of wall and rim missing. Small foot; wide, beveled resting surface;pointed underside offset from inner face of foot. Slightly angular wall. Metallic brown glaze, peeling badly. Similar:P 6248 (from same context), P 19785 (Q 11:3). 250-200 917 (P 28619) Fig. 60, Pl. 73 P21:4 H. 4.0; Diam. 11.4; Diam. of foot 5.5. Pieces of foot, wall, and rim missing. Rounded resting surface; pointed underside. Slightly angular wall. Brown glaze, metallic outside, dull inside. Similar:P 28088 and P 28168 (F 17:4). 225-175 918 (P 28620) Fig. 60, P1.73 P21:4 H. 4.0; Diam. 11.9; Diam. of foot 6.0. One-third of wall and rim missing. Rounded resting surface; rough, convex underside set off from inner face of foot. Curved profile. Shiny black glaze, brown underneath;finger markson foot and lower wall. Similar:P 19513 (H 13:1), P 22186 (Q-R 10-11:1). 225-175 919 (P 28170) P1.73 F 17:4 H. 4.1; Diam. 12.3; Diam. of foot 5.9. One-third of rim and part of floor restored. Flaring foot; rounded resting surface; pointed underside runs smoothly into inner face of foot. Curved profile, widely flaring rim. Very soft fabric; dull brown-to-red glaze, mostly missing. Similar: P 9077 (N 18:3), P 19897 (D 17:5, lower fill), P 26263 (M 18:10). 225-175 920 (P 23083) P1.73 H-K 12-14 H. 4.5; Diam. 11.6; Diam. of foot 5.7. Half of rim missing. High, flaring,angularfoot; wide, flatrestingsurface;pointed undersideat slightangle to inner face offoot. Wallhorizontally faceted. Shiny brown glaze; finger marks on foot and lower wall. Similar:P 21006 (fromsame context), P 28599 (P 21:4). 225-175 921 (P 18719) P1.73 M 21:1 H. 3.9; Diam. 12.1; Diam. of foot 6.0. Rim chipped. Flaring foot; wide, flat resting surface; pointed underside runs into inner face of foot. Slightly angular profile. Shiny black glaze, mottled red outside; finger marks on foot and lower wall. Similar:P 9073 (N 18:3). 225-175 922 (P 21007) H-K 12-14

Fig. 60

BOWL, SMALL BOWL, AND SALTCELLAR H. 4.5; Diam. 12.5; Diam. of foot 5.7. Two-thirds of rim and wall missing Flat resting surface; small, pointed underside. Angular profile. Dull to metallic brown glaze, stackingcircle. Similar:P 21005 (fromsame context), P 19753 (P-R 6-12). 225-175 923 (P 18720) Fig. 60 M21:1 H. 3.8; Diam. 11.5; Diam. of foot 5.9. Rim chipped. Broad, flat resting surface; nearly flat underside. Very angular wall. Metallic brown glaze inside, partly dull tan outside; finger marks on foot and lower wall. Graffito X on underside. Similar:938, P 18721 (fromsame context), P28169 (F 17:4). Ca. 175? 924 (P 14297) Fig. 60 N 20:7, lower fill H. 4.5; Diam. 11.5; Diam. of foot 5.1. Half of rim and wall missing Small foot; broad, flat resting surface; pointed underside. Angular profile. Shiny brown glaze; finger markson foot and lower wall. Illegible graffito on lower body. Similar: P 14298 (fromsame context), P 19751 (P-R 6-12), P 25447 (O 16:3), P 26264 (M 18:10). Ca. 175? 925 (P 25446) Fig. 60, P1.73 O 16:3 H. 3.9; Diam. 12.6; Diam. of foot 5.6. Small pieces of rim and wall missing. Small foot; broad, flat resting surface, beveled to exterior; pointed underside. Angular wall. Shiny black glaze; finger markson foot and lower wall. Ca. 175? 926 (P 7035) Fig. 60, P1.73 AgoraXXVII, no. 287, p. 205, pl. 56. Q11:3 H. 4.4; Diam. 12.2; Diam. of foot 4.8. One-third of rim and wall missing. Small foot; rounded resting surface; small, nippled underside. Curved profile. Flat floor distinguishedfrom nearlyvertical wall. Metallic black glaze, peeling; finger marks on foot and lower wall. Similar: P 617 (H. A. Thompson 1934, D 7, p. 370, fig. 55 [H 16:4]). 175-160

335

H. 5.4; Diam. 11.7; Diam. of foot 5.6. Three-fourths of wall and rim missing Angular foot; rounded resting surface; pointed underside. Deep bowl with slightly angular profile. Floor slightly offset from wall. Dull black glaze; finger marks on foot and lower wall. 150-110 929 (P 3343) Fig. 60 H. A. Thompson 1934, E 34, pp. 395-396. F 15:2 (Group E) H. 5.1; Diam. 11.7; Diam. of foot 5.9. Fragmentsof rim and wall missing Flat resting surface; nippled underside. Deep bowl with slightly angular profile. Dull black glaze with red stacking circle; finger markson foot and lower wall. Similar: P 3344 and P 3348 (H. A. Thompson 1934, E 35, E 39, pp. 395-396, from same context). 150-110 930 (P 3347) P1.73 H. A. Thompson 1934, E 38, pp. 395-396. F 15:2 (Group E) H. 4.7; Diam. 11.9; Diam. of foot 5.9. Partsof rim and body restored. Low foot; broad, flat resting surface; flat underside runs into inner face of foot. Curved profile,stronglyoutturned rim. Wall slightly offset from floor. Dull brown glaze; finger marks on foot and lower wall. 150-110 931 (P 3342) Fig. 60 H. A. Thompson 1934, E 33, pp. 395-396, fig. 117. F 15:2 (Group E) H. 4.9; Diam. 1.1; Diam. of foot 5.4. Half of wall and rim missing. Flaring foot; broad, flat resting surface; pointed underside runs into inner face of foot. Angular profile. Wall offset from floor. Dull black glaze. Similar: P 17026 (B 20:2, upper fill). 150-110 932 (P 5706) P1.73 F 13:3, upper fill (POU) H. 3.6; Diam. 11.8; Diam. of foot 6.5. Piece of wall and rim missing. Angular foot; rounded resting surface;roughly pointed underside runs into inner face of foot. Angular profile. Metallic brown to dull red glaze; finger markson foot and lower wall. 150-110

927 (P 6202) Fig. 60 E 15:4 H. 4.7; Diam. 13.0; Diam. of foot 5.7. Center of floor and one-third of wall and rim missing. Small foot; broad, flat resting surface. Angular wall, widely flaring rim. Metallic brown glaze; finger marks on foot and lower wall. GraffitoE on lower wall. Similar:P 10887 (D 11:4, lower fill), P 11417 (F 5:1, middle fill), P 19752 (P-R 6-12). 175-150?

933 (P3351) Fig. 60 H. A. Thompson 1934, E 43, pp. 395-396. F 15:2 (Group E) H. 4.8; Diam. 11.0; Diam. of foot 5.4. Half of rim and wall missing. Broad, flat resting surface;pointed underside. Upper body straight,rim not turned out. Wall offsetfrom floor. Dull brown glaze; finger markson foot and lower wall. Ca. 110?

928 (P 3345) H. A. Thompson 1934, E 36, pp. 395-396. F 15:2 (Group E)

934 (P 28431) P 20:2 H. 4.8; est. Diam. 12.6; Diam. offoot 4.7. Half of wall and rim missing.

Fig. 60, P1.73

Fig. 60, P1.73

336

CATALOGUE

Small foot; broad, flat resting surface; pointed underside. Angular profile. Wall offset from floor. Shiny black glaze, missing on part of underside; finger marks on foot and lower wall. Graffito H or IfMon floor. Ca. 110? 935 (P 5647) Fig. 60, P1. 146 E 14:3 H. 4.6; rest. Diam. 12.4; Diam. of foot 5.3. Most of rim and wall restored. Small foot; flat resting surface; flat underside. Angular profile with groove below angle. Widely flaring rim. Flat floor meets wall at angle. Stamp on floor (not centered):owl sitting right on amphora, within olive wreath. Metallic brown glaze. Another with grooved wall: P 5705 (F 13:3, upper fill [POUl). Stamp similar to reverseof Athenian New Style silvercoins; see M. Thompson 1961. See 690 for another unusual, late stamp. 110-100 936 (P 3160) Fig. 60 F 9:2, lower fill H. 4.8; Diam. 12.5; Diam. of foot 5.0. Most of rim and half of wall missing. Small foot; flat resting surface;pointed underside. Angular profile. Flat floor distinct from wall. Dull black glaze with shiny red stacking circle inside, shiny black to red outside; finger markson foot and lower wall. Similar: P 10253 (B 13:7, second fill). 110-100 Small 937 (P5996) Fig. 61, PI. 73 E 14:3 H. 3.3; Diam. 9.8; Diam. of foot 5.3. One-third missing. Narrow, flat resting surface; nippled underside. Shallow, slightly angular profile with slightly outturned rim. Shiny black glaze. Ca. 275? 938 (P 26156) PI. 73 M 18:10 H. 3.2; Diam. 10.1; Diam. of foot 5.1. Chips of rim and foot missing. Low,flaringfoot; rounded restingsurface;convex underside runs into inner face of foot. Angular profile. Dull brown glaze. Similar: 923, P 18721 (M 21:1). 225-175 939 (P 13679) Fig. 61, PI. 73 G 5:3, lower fill H. 3.5; est. Diam. 9.5; Diam. of foot 4.6. Two-thirds of wall and rim missing. False ring foot; rounded resting surface;nippled underside. Curved profile. Very soft fabric;dull red glaze, mostly missing. Similar: P 23062 (M-N 15:1 [4], disturbed). 175-150 940 (P 10770) P 10:2, upper fill H. 3.2; est. Diam. 9.0; Diam. of foot 5.1. Three-fourths of wall and rim missing.

Fig. 61

Rounded resting surface; convex underside. Angular profile. Very pale brown fabric (10YR 7/4) with many small inclusions;dull black glaze, mostly missing. 150-50 Medium 941 (P 28629) Fig 61 P 21:4 H. 7.2; Diam. 19.7; Diam. of foot 8.1. Fragmentsof wall and rim missing. Beveled resting surface; convex underside. Curved profile, slightlyoverhangingrim. Metallic black glaze, brown stacking circle;finger markson foot and lower wall. 225-175 942 (P 2390) PI. 73 H. A. Thompson 1934, C 4, p. 347, fig. 28 (abeled C 3). G 6:2 (Group C) H. 5.5; rest. Diam. 15.5; rest. Diam. of foot 6.5. Three-fourths of rim and wall missing, underside, half of foot, and parts of wall restored. Flaring foot; broad, flat resting surface. Wall strongly convex, with flare at top. Shiny black glaze. Similar: P 22186 (Q-R 10-11:1), P 28088 (F 17:4). 200-175 943 (P '4:6) Fig 61 N 20:7, lower fill H. 5.4; rest. Diam. 16.8; Diam. of foot 7.2. Part of foot and half of wall and rim restored. Broad, beveled resting surface;pointed underside. Angular profile. Metallic black glaze; finger marks on foot and lower wall. Ca. 175? 944 (P 22943) PI. 73 M-N 15:1 (4) H. 6.0; Diam. 18.0; Diam. of foot 8.0. One-third of wall and rim missing. Flaring foot; broad, beveled resting surface;pointed underside runs into inner face of foot. Shallow groove around edge of floor. Partly metallic, badly flaked black-to-green glaze, metallic red on stacking circle and underside. Similar:P 8576 and P 8577 (E 6:2, lower fill). 175-150 945 (P 13677) Fig 61 G 5:3, lower fill H. 6.0; Diam. 16.9; Diam. of foot 7.6. Partsof rim restored. Broad,slightlyconcave, and beveled restingsurface;pointed underside. Slightly angular profile. Dull black glaze, red and peeling on half of exterior;fingermarkson foot and lower wall. 175-150 946 (P 5702) PI. 73 F 13:3, upper fill (POU) H. 6.0; Diam. 17.7; Diam. of foot 7.0. Rim chipped. Small, angular foot; narrow, flat resting surface; pointed underside runs into inner face of foot. Angular profile. Dull greenish black glaze, partlypeeling, with stackingcircle; finger markson foot and lower wall. Similar,slightly more angular:P 4350 (G 11:1). 150-100

BOWL, SMALL BOWL, AND SALTCELLAR 947 (P 3359) Fig. 61, Pl. 73 H. A. Thompson 1934, E 42, pp. 395-396, fig. 83. F 15:2 (Group E) H. 6.6; Diam. 17.9; Diam. of foot 6.9. Small part of underside and segment of wall and rim restored. Small foot; flat resting surface; convex underside. Angular profile. Wall offset from floor inside. Shiny black-to-redglaze, peeling, finger markson foot and lower wall. Similar:P 3352 (H. A. Thompson 1934, E 44, pp. 395-396, from same context). Ca. 110 Large 948 (P 26155) Fig. 61 M 18:10 H. 8.7; Diam. 25.0; Diam. of foot 12.7. Part of foot and three-fourthsof rim and wall missing. Flat resting surface; convex underside. Slightly angular profile. Very pale brown fabric (1OYR 7/3); metallic black glaze, red on underside, mostly missing. 200-175 949 (P 13676) PI. 73 G 5:3, lower fill H. 8.5; est. Diam. 27.0; Diam. of foot 11.7. Half missing; center of floor and parts of rim and body restored. Flat resting surface; convex underside. Angular profile. Dull black glaze, thin on resting surface; finger markson foot and lower wall. Similar: P 19791 (P-R 6-12). 175-150 SEMIGLAZED

RegularSize 950 (P5998) Fig. 61 E 14:3 H. 4.7; Diam. 12.2; Diam. of foot 6.0. Half of rim and wall missing. Lightlygrooved restingsurface;nippled underside. Angular profile; wall offset from floor inside. Shiny black glaze, red stacking circle. Similar: P 12092 (N 20:4, fill IV). 110-70 951 (P5999) Fig. 61 E 14:3 H. 5.0; est. Diam. 13.0; Diam. of foot 5.4. Most of rim and wall missing. False ring foot; rounded resting surface; ridge and depression at center of underside. Weaklyangular profile;wall offset from floor inside. Soft fabric;dull tan glaze. Similar foot: P 14410 (M 20:1, middle fill), P 15901 (F 19:6). 110-70 952 (P5997) Fig. 61, PI. 74 E 14:3 H. 4.7; Diam. 11.9; Diam. of foot 4.5. One-third of wall and rim missing. Raised base, deeply concave underneath. Angular profile. Shiny black glaze inside and on upper part of outside. Similar:P 14410 (M 20:1, middle fill). Similar foot: P 16099 (G 14:2, upper fill). 110-70

953 (P5804)

337

Fig 61, Pl. 74

E 15:3, upper fill H. 3.7; Diam. 10.4; Diam. of foot 4.6. Rim chipped. Raised base, concave underneath. Angular wall strongly offset from floor inside. Hard, very gritty fabric with large white inclusions;dull tan glaze. Similar:P 20523 (N 20:4, fill I). Second half of 1st century 954 (P 21676) P1.74 A 14:2, middle fill H. 2.7; Diam. 11.7; Diam. of foot 4.6. Rim chipped. Raised base, deeply concave underneath. Veryshallowbowl with angular wall; wall slightly offset from floor inside. Coarse fabric with many voids and white, orange, and red inclusions; unglazed except for small area of dull brown glaze on rim. 2nd half of 1st century or later Medium 955 (P 6000) Fig 61, PL.74 E 14:3 H. 6.0; Diam. 16.8; Diam. of foot 6.3. Large parts of rim and body restored. Faceted foot; flat resting surface; convex underside. Very angular profile; wall very strongly offset from floor inside. Metallic black glaze, brown stacking circle. 110-70 Large 956 (P6001) Fig. 61, P1.74 E 14:3 H. 8.0; Diam. 26.0; Diam. of foot 8.5. Most of rim and parts of body restored. Flat restingsurface;flat underside. Angular wall offset from floor inside. Metallic black to shiny red glaze. Cf. P 27106 (Travlos and Frantz 1965, p. 162, pl. 42:f), P 14409 (M 20:1, middle fill). 110-70 957 (P 13389) P1.74 Parsons 1943, pp. 244-245, fig. 27. T 26:7, upper fill H. 11.7; Diam. 31.0; Diam. of foot 7.5. Over half of rim and part of wall restored. Small, flaring foot; flat resting surface; convex underside. Curved profile; wall offset on inside. Metallic black to dull purplish glaze, mostly missing. Cf. P 21280 (McAllister 1959, p. 2, pl. 2:d). 70 to early 1st century after Christ 958 (P 21737) Fig. 61, P. 74 R 10:1 H. 10.2; rest. Diam. 32.6; Diam. of foot 9.2. Two-thirdsof rim restored. Flat resting surface; convex underside. Angular wall offset on inside. Dull red-to-blackglaze. 70 to early 1st century after Christ 959 (P 12095) Fig. 61, Pl. 74 N 20:4, fill II H. 9.5; est. Diam. 23.4; Diam. of foot 8.7. Foot and less than half of wall and rim preserved; partly restored.

338

CATALOGUE

Beveled resting surface;convex underside. Deep bowl with slightly angular wall, slightly offset on inside. Unglazed. 75-50?

Cf. Veroia, II 1267, p. 36, fig. 21 on p. 128. 150-125 ECHINUSBowL

BOwL:VERTICALUPPERWALL

SHALLOW:CLASSICALTYPE

960 (P 27362) Fig. 62, P1.74 Area K 15, lot K 340 (mid-2nd-centurycontext), with 565 H. 5.4; Diam. 8.8; Diam. of foot 5.4. Over half of rim and upper wall restored. Flat resting surface; pointed underside. Upper body concave, slightlyinclined; plain rim. Small central depressionand circle on floor. Fine, hard, light red fabric (2.5YR 6/6); shiny, slightly gritty black glaze. 150-125

RegularSize 965 (P 4427) Fig. 62, Pls. 75, 146 F 11:2, upper fill H. 4.0; Diam. 11.0; Diam. of foot 6.6. Half of underside and one-fourth of foot, wall, and rim restored. Broad, shallow groove in resting surface. Reserved band at junction of foot and body. Two (of originally four) closely grouped palmetteswithin rouletting. Shiny blackglaze; miltos. Same stamp: P 10686 (P 10:1). Possibly the same stamp, but very worn, on 1054. 325-300

961 (P 14231) Fig. 62, P1.74 S 19:2, lower fill H. 6.7; est. Diam. 11.0; Diam. of foot 6.7. Most of wall and rim and half of foot and floor missing. Flat resting surface; nearly flat underside. Angular profile; upper wall slightly concave. Fine, very hard, red fabric (2.5YR 5/4); dull black-to-greenishglaze. Also with angular profile: P 3353 (H. A. Thompson 1934, E 45, p. 396 [F 15:2]). Cf. Morel 1986, no. 61, p. 471, fig. 11 (Campana B ware). 150-125 962 (P 608) Fig. 62, P1.74 H. A. Thompson 1934, D 10, p. 371, fig. 56; AgoraV, p. 14, under F 34. H 16:4 (Group D) H. 7.6; Diam. 13.3; Diam. of foot 7.7. One-third of rim restored. Outwardly beveled resting surface; slightly convex underside. Lower body nearly horizontal, upper body slightly flaring. Two circles on floor. Very micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/6) with small white inclusions; metallic black glaze with red patches. 150-125 963 (P 609) Fig. 62 H. A. Thompson 1934, D 11, p. 371, fig. 118 on p. 437. H 16:4 (Group D) H. 6.5; Diam. 11.4; Diam. of foot 6.3. Large piece of wall and rim missing. Narrow,flat restingsurface;pointed underside. Flaringrim. Wall offset from floor inside. Rouletting on floor. Very hard, reddish brown fabric (2.5YR 5/4) with white inclusions;thick, shinyblack-to-reddishbrownglaze, stackingline on insidewall. Fabricsomewhat similar to that of 1739, an importedbowl. 150-125 964 (P610) Fig. 62, P1.74 H. A. Thompson 1934, D 12, p. 371; AgoraV, p. 14, under F 34. H 16:4 (Group D) H. 4.4; Diam. 8.8; Diam. of foot 4.9. Half of wall and rim missing. Flaring foot; flat, narrowrestingsurface;pointed underside. Strongly flaring rim. Rouletting on floor. Very micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/6); shiny red glaze with black patch. Also with red glaze: P 3353 (H. A. Thompson 1934, E 45, p. 396 [F 15:2]).

966 (P 2553) Fig. 62, Pls. 75, 146 F 16:1, lower fill H. 3.4; Diam. 10.2; Diam. of foot 6.2. Pieces of rim missing. Grooved resting surface; nippled underside. Four closely grouped palmettes. Shiny black glaze with stacking circle. Same stamp: 967. A closely similar stamp, but larger, appears on P 20504 (a bolsal from Group B [H 16:3, south tunnel]). Similarprofile:P 1835 (H. A. Thompson 1934, A 16, pp. 317-318 [G 13:4, lower fill]), P 6957 (D-E 8-9:1). 325-300 967 (P 7374) Fig. 62, P1. 146 E 3:1 H. 3.3; Diam. 10.3; Diam. of foot 6.7. Chips of rim missing. Groovedrestingsurface;nippledunderside. Scrapedgroove at base of body. Fourpalmettes within rouletting. Shiny black glaze. Same stamp: 966. 325-300 968 (P 6956) Pls. 75, 146 D-E 8-9:1 H. 3.6; Diam. 11.2; Diam. of foot 7.0. Pieces of rim and wall missing. Slightlyflaringfoot; grooved restingsurface;nippled underside runs into inner face of foot. Reserved line at base of wall. Four closely grouped palmettes within rouletting. Greenish black glaze, peeling, with stacking circle and line. Similar:P 1818 (H. A. Thompson 1934, A 15, pp. 317-318 [G 13:4, lower fill]), P 2522 (F 16:1, lower fill). 325-300 969 (P 19360) Pls. 75, 146 D 16:1, lower fill H. 3.8; Diam. 12.3; Diam. of foot 6.9. One-third of wall and rim missing. Verticalfoot; flat restingsurface;nippled underside at slight angle to inner face of foot. Five palmettes within rouletting. Slightly metallic black glaze. Ca. 300 970 (P 7351) E 3:1 H. 3.7; Diam. 12.0; Diam. of foot 6.9. Intact.

Fig. 62, PI. 146

BOWL, SMALL BOWL, AND SALTCELLAR

339

Beveled resting surface;nippled underside. Scraped groove at junction of foot and wall. Four closely grouped palmettes within rouletting. Dull brown-to-tan glaze, shiny brown stacking circle, stacking line. GraffitoAA on underside. Ca. 300?

greenish black glaze with red stacking circle, red underneath; miltos. Similar: P 4449 (F 11:2, upper fill). Similar profile but larger: 980. Ca. 310

971 (P 7749) Fig. 62, P1. 146 AgoraXII, no. 837, p. 296, fig.8;Jones, Graham, and Sackett 1973, p. 380, under no. 37. E 3:1 H. 3.9; rest. Diam. 11.6; Diam. of foot 7.0. Two-thirdsof rim and half of wall restored. Grooved resting surface; nippled underside. Reserved line at junction of foot and body. Thin wall. Fourpalmettes within rouletting Mottled brown and red glaze with stacking circle; miltos. Similar: P 4383 (F 12:3, lower fill). 300-285

976 (P 28029) Fig. 62, PI. 75 F 16:8 H 3.5; Diam. 13.6; Diam. of foot 8.4. Pieces of rim and foot missing. Grooved resting surface, originally glazed(?); pointed underside. Reserved band at base of wall. Four indistinct motifs (fern?)within rouletting. Shiny black glaze. Similar profile: P 7696 (E 3:1). Same stamp, better preserved, on P 28135 (rolled-rimplate from same context). Ca. 275

972 (P4063) Fig. 62, P1. 146 H. A. Thompson 1934, B 15, p. 337, fig. 18 and fig. 115 on p. 431. H 16:3, north chamber (Group B) H. 3.3; Diam. 11.2; Diam. of foot 5.8. Half of rim restored. Partly glazed, grooved resting surface; nippled underside. Scraped groove at base of wall. Four palmettes within rouletting. Dull green-to-orange glaze, shiny black on stackingcircle and underside. 300-285? Medium 973 (P 1834) Pls. 75, 146 H. A. Thompson 1934, A 14, pp. 317-318, fig. 3 and fig. 115 on p. 431; AgoraXII, no. 831, p. 295, pl. 33;Jones, Graham, and Sackett 1973, p. 377, under no. 27. G 13:4, lower fill (Group A) H. 4.1; Diam. 13.1; Diam. of foot 8.0. Rim chipped. Flaring foot, convex to outside; grooved resting surface; nippled undersideat slight angle to inner face offoot. Reserved band at junction of foot and body. Four closely grouped palmettes within rouletting. Shiny black glaze; miltos. Same stamp: 168. Similar shape: P 2524 (F 16:6), P 9349 (M 18:5), P 26948 (H 14:2). 325-300 974 (P 6367) Fig. 62 D 15:3 H. 4.8; Diam. 14.6; est. Diam. of foot 8.2. Most of underside and half of foot, wall, and rim missing; partially restored. Grooved resting surface, glazed. Rouletting. Shiny black glaze. Similar:P 28419 (H 4:1). 325-300 975 (P6955) Pls. 75, 146 AgoraXII, no. 833, p. 295, pl. 33. D-E 8-9:1 H. 4.3; Diam. 14.3; Diam. of foot 9.0. One-fourth of foot missing. Foot convex to outside; grooved resting surfaice; nippled undersideruns into inner face offoot. Reservedline atjunction of foot and body. Six linked palmettes within rouletting. Dull

977 (P 7750) Fig. 62 E3:l H. 4.1; Diam. 12.9; Diam. of foot 7.0. Large pieces of rim and wall missing. Flat resting surface; pointed underside. Scraped groove at base of wall. Rouletting. Dull black glaze, pitted. Ca. 275 978 (P 7751) Fig. 62 E 3:1 H. 4.3; Diam. 14.4; Diam. of foot 7.6. Half of rim and part of wall restored. Flat, partly glazed resting surface; pointed underside. No groove or band on body. Rouletting. Shiny blackglaze outside, brown inside. Ca. 275 Large 979 (P 868) Fig. 62, PI. 75 Rotroff 1983, no. 32, p. 287, pl. 54. H 6:9, south chamber,lower fill H. 5.5; Diam. 19.2; Diam. of foot 11.7. Small parts of rim restored. Grooved restingsurface;nippled underside. Reservedband at junction of foot and body. Rouletting and central circle. Dull black-to-browvn glaze. 325-300 980 (P 28742) Fig. 62 J5:1,V H. 5.2; Diam. 18.6; Diam. of foot 9.7. Rim chipped. Flat resting surface; nippled underside. Reserved band at junction of foot and body. Central circle and rouletting. Mottled red-to-blackglaze, peeling, with stackingcircle. Similar:P 28741 (fromsame context), P 4428 (F 11:2, upper fill). Similar profile but smaller:975. Ca. 300 981 (P 28130) Fig 62 Stella G. Miller 1974, no. 32, p. 234, fig. 4, pl. 32. F 16:8 H. 4.5; Diam. 18.1; Diam. of foot 9.6. Most of rim and large part of wall restored. Slightlyconcave restingsurface;nippledunderside. Scraped groove at junction of foot and body. Shiny black glaze, brown stackingcircle; miltos. 300-275

340

CATALOGUE

982 (P 867) Fig. 62, PI. 75 AgoraXII, no. 834, p. 295, pl. 33; Rotroff, 1983, no. 34, p. 287, pl. 54. H 6:9, south chamber,lower fill H. 5.1; Diam. 17.5; Diam. of foot 9.9. Part of rim restored. Nearly verticalfoot; lightly grooved reservedrestingsurface; pointed underside at slight angle to inner face of foot. Scraped groove at junction of foot and body. Rouletting. Red glaze with black mottling, stacking circle and line. 300-275 SHALLOW: HELLENISTIC TYPE

983 (P 28740) Fig. 62, P1.75 J 5:1, V H. 3.3; Diam. 11.5; Diam. of foot 6.1. Intact. Outwardly beveled resting surface; pointed underside. Groove around part of lower body. Green-to-black glaze, peeling, with stacking circle. 310-300 984 (P 7362) Fig. 62 E 3:1 H. 3.4; Diam. 11.0; Diam. of foot 6.2. Pieces of rim missing. Broad,flat restingsurface; slightlypointed underside. Thick, shiny black glaze, brown stacking circle. 310-300 985 (P 3500) P1.75 F 11:2, upper fill H 3.4; Diam. 10.7; Diam. of foot 6.1. Half of rim restored. Slightly angular foot; broad, flat resting surface; slightly pointed underside at angle to inner face of foot. Thin, metallic brown glaze. 310-300 986 (P 28021) Fig. 62 F 16:8 H. 3.7; Diam. 11.7; Diam. of foot 6.6. One-third of rim and wall missing. Grooved resting surface; convex underside. Dull green glaze. Also with grooved resting surface: 987, P 27229 (E 29:1, lower fill). Ca. 300? 987 (P 7710) P1.75 E 3:1 H. 3.3; Diam. 12.0; Diam. of foot 7.2. One-third of rim and wall missing. Flaring foot; grooved resting surface; pointed underside running into inner face of foot. Shiny red glaze, with foot, resting surface, and underside unglazed. For grooved resting surface see 986. Ca. 300 988 (P 14352) P1. 75 E 14:6, lower fill H. 3.5; Diam. 12.1; Diam. of foot 6.7. Half of rim restored. Narrow,flat restingsurface;slightlypointed underside. Wall faceted. Thin brownglaze; fingermarkson foot and lower wall.

Similar:P 14353 (fromsame context), P 7752 (E 3:1). 300-250 989 (P6274) Fig. 62 E 14:1, lower fill H. 3.7; Diam. 11.8; Diam. of foot 6.5. One-third of wall and rim restored. Partly grooved resting surface; slightly pointed underside. Groove partway around body at one-third height. Nipple at center of floor. Metallic black glaze. 300-250 990 (P 1988) Fig. 62 H-K 12-14 H. 3.2; Diam. 9.4; Diam. of foot 5.6. One-third of rim and body missing. Flat resting surface; pointed underside. Angle below rim. Shiny black glaze, peeling on inside and much of outside. 300-250 991 (P 1077) Fig. 62, P1.75 I 17:5 H. 4.3; Diam. 12.6; Diam. of foot 5.8. One-third of wall and rim missing. Small foot; rounded resting surface; pointed underside. Shiny black glaze inside and outside, dripped onto outside of foot, with underside and resting surface unglazed; finger markson foot and lower wall. GraffitoN on bottom. Possibly imported. Similar but with more strongly incurved rim: P 11208 (B 13:1, lower fill). Ca. 250? 992 (P 7711) Fig. 62, P1.75 E 3:1 H. 2.9; Diam. 9.1; Diam. of foot 4.2. Pieces of rim and wall missing. Small foot; broad, flat resting surface; pointed underside. Metallicblackglaze inside, shinybrownon upper body outside, foot unglazed. Ca. 250? DEEP

RegularSize 993 (P 19977) Fig. 63, P1.76 D 17:12, lower fill H. 5.6; Diam. 12.3; Diam. of foot 5.8. Half of wall and rim missing. Slightly flaring foot; beveled, reserved resting surface; nippled underside runs into inner face of foot. Scraped groove at base of wall. Dull green glaze; miltos. Two widely spaced graffition lower wall: A and A. Ca. 325? 994 (P 27985) Fig. 63 Stella G. Miller 1974, no. 31, p. 234, fig. 4, pl. 32. F 16:8 H. 5.4; Diam. 11.3; Diam. of foot 6.7. Partsof wall and rim restored. Grooved resting surface; nearly flat underside with slight nipple. Heavy wall. Shiny black glaze. Similar: P 2530 (AgoraXII, no. 839, p. 296, pl. 33 [F 16:1, lower fill]), P 28020 (F 16:8). 325-300

BOWL, SMALL BOWL, AND SALTCELLAR 995 (P 1831) P1. 76 H. A. Thompson 1934, A 21, p. 318. G 13:4, lower fill (Group A) H. 5.6; Diam. 10.9; Diam. of foot 6.3. Rim chipped. Foot slightly convex to outside; grooved resting surface; nippled underside runs into inner face of foot. Shiny black glaze. 325-300 996 (P 20315) Fig. 63, P1.76 AgoraXII, no. 841, p. 296, fig. 8, pl. 33; Jones, Graham, and Sackett 1973, p. 377, under no. 28; AgoraXXVII, no. 107, pp. 180-181, pl. 40. O-R 7-10 H. 5.0; Diam. 12.4; Diam. of foot 6.7. One-third of wall and rim missing. Grooved resting surface; nippled underside. Mostly red glaze, black with red stacking circle inside. Similar: P 7326 and P 7363 (E 3:1), P 22025 (G 11:4), P 28018 (F 16:8). Ca. 300 997 (P 29328) P1. 76 F 16:8 H. 4.7; Diam. 11.2; Diam. of foot 7.1. Half of wall and rim missing. Nearly verticalfoot; grooved restingsurface;nippled underside runs into inner face of foot. Low body. Very soft fabric; tan to red glaze, mostly missing. 300-290 998 (P 11243) Fig. 63, P1.76 B 13:7, bottom H. 6.0; Diam. 13.5; Diam. of foot 7.8. Center of floor and one-fourth of wall and rim missing. Grooved resting surface. Irregular shallow groove at base of wall. Soft fabric; dull green-to-red glaze, black on upper exterior,red on underside. Similar: P 1830 (H. A. Thompson 1934, A 20, p. 318, fig. 4 and fig. 117 on p. 436 [G 13:4, lower fill]), P 23409 (N 16:2). 300-290 999 (P 7808) P1. 76 E 14:6, lower fill H. 5.4; Diam. 13.6; Diam. of foot 8.0. Intact. Flaring foot; beveled, concave resting surface; pointed underside at angle to inner face of foot. Shiny black glaze. Similar: P 7191 (D 11:2). Similar but with different treatment of resting surface:P 2863 (H. A. Thompson 1934, A 22, p. 318 [G 13:4, lower fill]), P 7748 (E 3:1), P 29229 (larger, J 5:1, III). 290-275 1000 (P 28129) Fig. 63, P1.76 Stella G. Miller 1974, no. 30, p. 234, fig. 4, pl. 32. F 16:8 H. 5.2; Diam. 12.2; Diam. of foot 6.1. Wall and rim partly restored. Flat resting surface; pointed underside. Dull black glaze, peeling. 290-275

341

1001 (P 7746) Fig. 63, P1.76 E 3:1 H. 4.9; Diam. 11.8; Diam. of foot 7.1. One-third of foot, center of floor, and chips of rim missing. Rounded resting surface. Thick, shiny black glaze. Similar: P 10452 (B 13:7, bottom fill). 290-275 1002 (P 7747) Fig. 63 E 3:1 H. 5.3; Diam. 12.5; Diam. of foot 6.8. Pieces of rim and wall missing. Rounded resting surface;convex underside. Dull red glaze, black below rim outside. Similar:P 4704 (G 12:6). 275-250 1003 (P 16217) P1.76 Rotroff 1994, p. 20, pl. 1:ar. N 21:4, lower fill H. 5.9; rest. Diam. 13.5; Diam. of foot 6.7. Center of floor,one-third of foot, and two-thirdsof wall and rim restored. Flaring foot; flat resting surface. Shiny, gritty black glaze; finger markson foot and lower wall. Similar:P 19708 (P 10:2). 250-200 1004 (P6271) Fig. 63 E 14:1, lower fill H. 5.0; Diam. 12.3; Diam. of foot 7.0. Rim and body chipped. Flat resting surface;convex underside. Dull red glaze, with stacking line below rim; finger marks on foot and lower wall. GraffitoT on underside. 250-200 1005 (P 1078) P1.76 I 17:5 H. 5.8; Diam. 12.2; Diam. of foot 5.9. One-fourth of wall and rim missing. Low,flaringfoot; wide, flatrestingsurface;convex underside offset from inner face of foot. Dull red glaze, mostly missing. 250-200? 1006 (P 18717) Fig. 63 M21:1 H. 5.8; Diam. 13.2; Diam. of foot 7.3. Fragmentsof rim missing, foot chipped. Flat resting surface; convex underside. Dull red glaze with black patch. Similar: P 22189 (AgoraXXVII, no. 267, p. 202, ill. 44, pl. 54 [Q-R 10-11:1]), P 16273 (N 21:4, lower fill). 225-175 1007 (P 27433) Fig. 63, P1.76 H-K 12-14 H. 5.7; Diam. 12.8; rest. Diam. of foot 6.1. Half restored. Flat resting surface. Metallic black glaze; finger marks on foot and lower wall. 225-175 1008 (P 20954) AgoraXXVII, no. 195, p. 192, ill. 39, pl. 48. Q8-9

Fig. 63

342

CATALOGUE

H. 6.1; rest. Diam. 12.8; Diam. of foot 6.0. Four-fifthsof wall and rim restored. Broad, flat, partly reserved resting surface; nippled underside. Shiny black glaze, peeling above stacking line. Similar: P 6266 (E 14:1, lower fill), P 18715 (M 21:1). 225-175 P1.76 1009 (P9071) N 18:3 H. 5.3; Diam. 13.4; Diam. of foot 6.8. Chips of rim missing. Slightly flaring foot, convex to outside; narrow, rounded resting surface; irregular,pointed underside at slight angle to inner face of foot. Metallic black glaze. Similar: P 16271 (N 21:4, lower fill), P 18716 (M 21:1). 225-175 1010 (P 28633) Fig. 63, P1.76 P21:4 H. 5.0; Diam. 11.7; Diam. of foot 4.9. Two-thirds of rim and half of body missing. Beveled resting surface;pointed underside. Metallic brownto-red glaze. Similar: P 6267 (E 14:1, lower fill), P 11678 (N 18:3). 225-175 1011 (P 18718) Fig. 63, P1.76 M21:1 H. 4.9; Diam. 13.1; Diam. of foot 6.7. Chips of foot and large piece of wall missing. Flat resting surface; convex underside. Straight wall with strongly incurved rim. Metallic black glaze; finger marks on foot and lower wall. Similar: P 26154 (M 18:10). Ca. 175 1012 (P611) Fig. 63, Pls. 76, 146 H. A. Thompson 1934, D 8, p. 371, fig. 55 and fig. 115 on p. 431. H 16:4 (Group D) H. 6.9; Diam. 13.3; Diam. of foot 7.2. Piece of wall and rim missing. Narrow, flat resting surface; pointed underside. Six palmettes within rouletting. Thick, shiny black glaze. A transitionalform between deep echinus bowl and rouletted bowls. A similar deep bowl, also with rouletting,was found in Argos in what appears to be a 2nd-century context (Bommelaer and Grandjean 1972, C 26616, p. 189, figs. 51, 52); similar bowls, with rouletting and palmettes, appear earlier at Miletos (Pfrommer1985, nos. 46, 47, p. 57, figs. 46 and 47 on p. 73, in a context ranging from late 3rd to mid-2nd century). 150-140 1013 (P 14412) P1. 76 M 20:1, middle fill H. 5.4; est. Diam. 11.5; est. Diam. of foot 6.0. Over half of foot and underside and four-fifthsof wall and rim restored. Flaring foot; grooved resting surface; pointed underside at angle to inner face of foot. Circle within rouletting. Shiny black glaze. 150-140 1014 (P 19951) D 17:5, upper fill

Fig. 63, P1.77

H. 5.0; est. Diam. 9.4; Diam. of foot 5.6. Two-thirdsof rim and body restored. Beveled resting surface; flat underside with nipple. Hemispherical shape with slightly incurved rim. Fine rouletting. Shiny black-to-brownglaze. Profilesimilar to 1015, without rouletting. 140-110 P1.77 1015 (P6275) E 14:1, lower fill H. 5.6; Diam. 10.3; Diam. of foot 5.9. Rim badly chipped; chip of body missing. Very heavy,flaring,angular foot, concave to outside;broad, flat resting surface; nippled underside runs into inner face of foot. Nearly hemisphericalbody. Metallic brown glaze, mostly missing except on foot. For profile cf. 1014. Probably from late disturbance in E 14:1. 140-110 P1.77 1016 (P 14677) Area B 22 H. 4.8; est. Diam. 9.0; Diam. of foot 4.5. Half of wall and rim missing. Flaring foot; flat resting surface;convex underside runs into inner face of foot. Many voids and white inclusions in fabric; thin purplish glaze inside and on upper part of outside. 110-86 1017 (P6265) Fig. 63, P1.77 E 14:1, lower fill H. 6.8; Diam. 12.4; Diam. of foot 5.6. Fragmentsof wall missing, rim chipped. Very heavy foot; flat resting surface; uneven, concave underside. Very straightwall. Dull red glaze inside and on upper part of outside. 110-75 Large 1018 (P 28041) Fig. 63, P1.77 F 16:8 H. 8.6; est. Diam. 23.0; Diam. of foot 12.4. Three-fourthsof rim and wall missing. Rounded resting surface, reserved;pointed underside. Red glaze, black stripe below rim on outside. Similar in size and glazing but with glazed, grooved resting surface: P 23590 (AgoraXII, no. 842, p. 296, fig. 8, pl. 33 [Q 10:1]). 300-290 1019 (P869) Fig. 63, P1.77 Rotroff 1983, no. 35, pp. 287-288, fig. 5 on p. 267, pl. 54. H 6:9, south chamber,lower fill H. 10.0; est. Diam. 26.0; Diam. of foot 11.8. Three-fourths of rim and wall missing;partly restored. Broad, flat resting surface; pointed underside. Shiny black glaze; finger markson foot and lower wall. Ca.275? 1020 (P 17982) Fig. 63, P1.77 A 18:1, lower fill H. 6.4; Diam. 15.8; Diam. of foot 8.1. Part of wall and rim restored. Flat resting surface;nippled underside. Dull red glaze. 250-200

BOWL, SMALL BOWL, AND SALTCELLAR 1021 (P 28651) Fig. 63 P21:4 H. 7.5; Diam. 17.0; Diam. of foot 9.6. Most of rim and two-thirds of wall missing. Flat resting surface;pointed underside. Rouletting. Metallic black glaze, much missing. Shape close to examples from F 16:8, but glaze and context indicate later date. 250-200? 1022 (P 19894) Fig. 63, P1.77 D 17:5, lower fill H. 6.1; Diam. 16.0; Diam. of foot 7.1. Fragmentsof wall and floor missing. Beveled resting surface; pointed underside. Very straight wall and sharply incurved rim. Dull black glaze; finger marks on foot and lower wall. Ca. 175 1023 (P 14334) Fig. 63, P1.77 E 15:4 H. 6.5; Diam. 15.0; Diam. of foot 6.2. One-fourth of wall and rim restored. Flat resting surface; pointed underside. Very curved body with light spiral grooving on wall; sharply incurved rim. Dull glaze, mottled red to black. 175-150 1024 (P 19914) Fig. 63, P1.77 D 17:5, upper fill H. 6.8; Diam. 17.8; Diam. of foot 7.0. Part of wall and rim restored. Flat resting surface;pointed underside. Wheel-ridged wall. Nearly horizontal rim. Dull red glaze, foot and underside partly unglazed. Similar,from same context: P 19937. Ca. 150? 1025 (P 16100) Fig. 63, P1.77 G 14:2, upper fill H. 7.7; est. Diam. 18.0; Diam. of foot 7.1. Center of floor, half of wall, and most of rim restored. Beveled resting surface; convex underside. Thin walls, slightly incurved rim. Dull, thin, brownish red glaze inside and on upper part of outside. 110-86 Small 1026 (P 22033) Fig. 64, P1.77 AgoraXII, no. 838, p. 296, pl. 33. F 11:2, upper fill H. 4.0; rest. Diam. 8.4; Diam. of foot 5.1. Part of foot and two-thirds of wall and rim restored. Grooved resting surface;nippled underside. Red glaze with black band below rim outside. 325-300 1027 (P 26013) Fig. 64, PI. 77 F 17:3, middle fill H. 3.2; est. Diam. 8.7; Diam. of foot 5.0. Half of wall and rim missing. Broad, grooved resting surface; slightly pointed underside. Mottled black-to-redglaze inside, mostly red outside. 300-290

343

1028 (P 7376) Fig. 64, PI. 77 E 3:1 H. 3.5; Diam. 8.0; Diam. of foot 4.5. Foot and rim chipped. Narrow,flat resting surface;pointed underside. Shiny black glaze, peeling. Similar,from same context: P 7709. 300-275 1029 (P 13200) Fig 64 0 20:3, IV H. 3.6; est. Diam. 9.0; Diam. of foot 5.5. Three-fourthsof wall and rim missing. Slightlyangularfoot; beveled restingsurface;slightlypointed underside. Dull-to-metallic black glaze; finger marks on foot and lower wall. 275-250? 1030 (P 6272) Fig. 64, P1.77 E 14:1, lower fill H. 3.5; Diam. 8.1; Diam. of foot 4.3. Two-thirdsof rim missing. Flat resting surface; pointed underside. Metallic black-tobrown glaze, resting surface and underside unglazed; finger markson foot and lower wall. 250-200 1031 (P 22849) Fig. 64, P1.77 H-K 12-14 H. 3.5; est. Diam. 8.5; Diam. of foot 4.1. Two-thirds of rim and upper wall missing. Wide, flat resting surface; pointed underside. Metallic brown glaze. 225-175 1032 (P 22894) Fig. 64, Pls. 77, 146 M-N 15:1 (4), disturbed H. 3.5; est. Diam. 7.7; Diam. of foot 4.1. Three-fourthsof rim and wall missing;foot chipped. Small foot; flat resting surface;irregular,pointed underside. Four tiny triangularstamps within rouletting. Red inside and below stackingline outside, black above stacking line. For tiny stamps see 890. 200-150 1033 (P 13680) Fig. 64, PI. 77 G 5:3, lower fill H. 3.8; est. Diam. 9.5; Diam. of foot 4.3. Two-thirdsof rim missing. Flat resting surface; irregular,convex underside. Straight wall, sharply incurvedrim, horizontal on top. Dull blackglaze. 175-150 LARGE, WITH GROOVED WALL

1034 (P 1449) Fig. 64, P1. 146 H-K 12-14 H. 6.7; est. Diam. 27.0; est. Diam. of foot 18.5. About one-third preserved. Flat, reservedresting surface;convex underside. Groove at half height. Two (of four) small palmettes preserved, within rouletting. Shiny black glaze with metallic patches. Ca. 200? 1035 (P 10729) AgoraXXI, F 210, p. 44, pl. 20. F 5:1, middle fill

Fig. 64

344

CATALOGUE

H. 5.5; est. Diam. 20.5; Diam. of foot 8.6. Three-fourths of wall and rim missing. Flat resting surface; convex underside. Very straight wall with glazed groove at two-thirds height. Metallic gray glaze, brown on stacking circle and underside; finger markson foot and lower wall. GraffitorEN on underside. Ca. 175

H. 5.3; est. Diam. 10.0; Diam. of foot 5.2. Most of wall and rim restored. Grooved resting surface; pointed underside. Plain, slightly incurved lip. Rouletting. Shiny, slightly grainy red glaze. Similar:P 3355 (H. A. Thompson 1934, E 46, p. 396, fig.84 and fig. 117 on p. 436, from same context). 140-110

1036 (P 13671) Fig. 64, PI. 77 G 5:3, lower fill H. 5.6; rest. Diam. 25.4; Diam. of foot 12.6. Slightly over half restored, including middle of floor. Beveled resting surface; convex underside. Straight wall with glazed groove at half height. Metallic black glaze. Ca. 175

1042 (P 14433) Fig. 64, P1.78 M 20:1, middle fill H. 6.6; rest. Diam. 13.5; Diam. of foot 6.3. Half of wall and most of rim restored. Flat resting surface; pointed underside. Very pale brown fabric (10YR 7/3) with voids, large white and black inclusions; dull tan glaze, mostly missing. Possiblyimported. 110-86

BEVELED BOWL

1037 (P 12067) Fig. 64, PI. 78 N 20:7, lower fill H. 5.7; est. Diam. 23.9; est. Diam. of foot 14.7. Over half missing, including center of floor;partly restored. Beveled resting surface, reserved; convex underside. Scraped groove at half height. Beveled rim. Two small palmettes preserved, very deeply stamped, within rouletting. Thick, lustrousred glaze with black patches, stacking circle. Ca. 175 1038 (P 10884) Fig. 64 D 11:4, lower fill H. 5.1; rest. Diam. 20.8; rest. Diam. of foot 11.1. Most of foot and underside, half of wall, and one-third of rim restored. Flat, narrow, reserved resting surface; convex underside. Scrapedgroove atjunction of foot and body. Straightwall with scraped groove at half height. Broad groove below beveled rim. Traces of two palmettes within rouletting. Dull black glaze; miltos. Ca. 175

CONICAL

1043 (P 3356) Fig. 64, PI. 78 H. A. Thompson 1934, E 47, p. 396. F 15:2 (Group E) H. 5.3; rest. Diam. 12.0; Diam. of foot 5.6. Most of wall and rim restored. Outer face of foot faceted; slightly concave resting surface; slightly pointed underside. Offset at base of body Rouletting. Dull black-to-brownglaze with metallic patches. 125-110 1044 (P 4357) Fig. 64, P1.78 M 23:1, main chamber H. 9.5; Diam. 17.6; Diam. of foot 7.1. Partsof wall and rim restored. Faceted foot; flat resting surface; convex underside. Fairly thin, brittle fabric. Thin brown-to-red glaze covering all of exterior body but only part of foot, stacking circle. 110-86 SMALLBOWL:PROJECTING RIM

FOOTED HEMISPHERICALBOWL

RING FOOT

HEMISPHERICAL

1039 (P 614) Fig. 64, Pls. 78, 146 H. A. Thompson 1934, D 7, p. 370, fig. 55. H 16:4 (Group D) H. 5.4; Diam. 10.2; Diam. of foot 5.8. One-third of rim restored. Broad, concave resting surface; slightly pointed underside. Very slightly incurved rim; lip beveled to inside. Four tiny palmettes within rouletting. Metallic black glaze. Similar profile: P 15551 (R 21:2, lower fill in cistern), P 28371. For tiny palmettes see 890. 150-140

1045 (P 21033) Fig. 64, P1.78 AgoraXII, p. 299, under no. 881. H-K 12-14 H. 3.6; Diam. 12.5; Diam. of foot 7.0. Pieces of rim missing. Narrow, grooved resting surface; nippled underside. Rim horizontal, slightly convex on top. Metallic black to dull green glaze. 325-290

1040 (P 16120) Fig. 64 G 14:2, middle fill, at 13 m. H. 5.9; Diam. 13.2; Diam. of foot 6.7. A few chips missing, some of them restored. Flat restingsurface;convex underside. Lip beveledto inside. Shiny black glaze. 150-140?

1046 (P 11540) Fig. 64 AgoraXII, p. 299, under no. 881. AreaJ-L 9-11 H. 3.3; Diam. 14.0; Diam. of foot 8.0. Fragmentsof rim and wall missing. Narrow, grooved resting surface; nippled underside. Rim slightly downturned. Dull red to shiny brown glaze, stacking line. 325-290

1041 (P3422) H. A. Thompson 1934, E 48, p. 396, fig. 84. F 15:2 (Group E)

1047 (P 23410) AgoraXII, p. 299, under no. 881. N 16:2

Fig. 64

Fig. 64, P1.78

BOWL, SMALL BOWL, AND SALTCELLAR H. 3.0; Diam. 9.5; Diam. of foot 5.1. Rim chipped. Narrow,grooved resting surface;slightlynippled underside. Horizontal rim, slightly overhanging on inside. Shiny black glaze. 325-290 BROAD BASE

1048 (P 10687) Fig. 64 P 10:1 H. 2.4; Diam. 9.8; Diam. of foot 5.3. About one-third missing. Broad, beveled resting surface; nippled underside. Groove at top of wall. Rim slightly convex on top, slopes inward slightly. Shiny black glaze. 300-275 1049 (P 7368) Fig. 64, PI. 78 E 3:1 H. 2.7; Diam. 9.9; Diam. of foot 5.6. Rim chipped. Broad, flat resting surface; concave underside. Slightly downturned rim. Dull brown glaze, mostly missing. Similar: P 26960 (H 14:2). Ca. 275? SMALLBOWL:BROADBASE

345

1054 (P 7378) Fig. 65, Pls. 78, 146 E 3:1 H. 2.6; Diam. 8.3; Diam. of foot 5.6. Rim chipped. Glazed resting surface with groove at inner edge; nippled underside. Four palmettes weakly stamped on floor. Dull greenish glaze. Similar: P 29327 (F 16:8). Possibly same stamp as on 965 but much more worn. 310-300? 1055 (P 7753) Fig. 65, PI. 78 E 3:1 H. 2.6; Diam. 9.0; Diam. of foot 6.0. Rim chipped. Glazed resting surface; nippled underside. Shiny black glaze, peeling. Similar,from same context: P 7712 and P 7364. 300-275 1056 (P 24041) Fig. 65 H-K 12-14 H. 2.7; Diam. 8.7; Diam. of foot 5.7. Foot and rim chipped. Glazed resting surface; nippled underside. Gray fabric, overfired;shinyblackglaze, peeling, with brownstackingcircle. Similar:P 28131 (StellaG. Miller 1974, no. 33, p. 234, fig 4, pl. 32 [F 16:8]). 300-275

1050 (P 2523) Fig. 65, Pls. 78, 146 F 16:1, lower fill H. 2.6; Diam. 9.4; Diam. of foot 6.8. One-third of wall and rim missing. Reserved resting surface with light groove at inner edge; nippled underside. Narrow scraped groove at junction of foot and body. Fourclosely grouped palmettes. Dull red glaze with black patches. Similar: P 6215 (G 11:4). Ca. 325

1057 (P6961) Fig. 65 D-E 8-9:1 H. 2.3; Diam. 8.4; Diam. of foot 5.9. Rim chipped. Flat resting surface, glazed; slightly pointed underside. Metallic black glaze, stackingcircle. 300-275

1051 (P4450) Fig. 65, P1.78 F 11:2, upper fill H. 2.5; rest. Diam. 9.2; Diam. of foot 6.4. Three-fourths of rim and wall restored. Reserved resting surface with groove at inner edge; nippled underside. Shiny black glaze. Ca. 325-300

1058 (P 7342) Fig. 65 E 3:1 H. 2.6; Diam. 9.3; Diam. of foot 5.7. Foot and rim chipped. Glazed resting surface; pointed underside. Shiny black glaze, peeling. 300-275

1052 (P 2529) Fig. 65 F 16:1, lower fill H. 2.8; Diam. 8.8; Diam. of foot 5.3. Fragment of wall missing. Reserved resting surface with groove at inner edge; nippled underside. Dull red glaze. 325-300

1059 (P 7754) Fig. 65 E 3:1 H. 2.7; Diam. 9.5; Diam. of foot 6.0. Chips of rim missing. Flat resting surface, glazed; pointed underside. Shiny black glaze with brown stackingcircle on floor,thin brown on resting surface and underside. 300-275

1053 (P 20987) Fig. 65 AgoraXXI, F 156, p. 40, pl. 18; AgoraXXVII, no. 110, p. 181, ill. 35, pl. 41. O-R 7-10 H. 2.5; Diam. 8.1; Diam. of foot 5.7. Chips of rim missing. Flat, reserved resting surface; pointed underside, also reserved. Shiny black glaze, not covering all of foot; finger marks on foot and lower wall. GraffitoNOTon floor. 325-300

1060 (P 7757) Fig. 65, P1.78 E 3:1 H. 2.8; Diam. 8.8; Diam. of foot 5.3. One-third of wall and rim missing. Slightlyconcave restingsurface, glazed; undersideleft rough fromwheel. Wallconcave below. Shinyblackglaze, thin brown on bottom; finger markson foot and lower wall. Similar,from same context: P 7756. 275-250

346

CATALOGUE

1061 (P7365) Fig. 65 E 3:1 H. 2.2; Diam. 8.2; Diam. of foot 4.5. Intact. Glazed restingsurface;convex underside. Shinyblackglaze, peeling. 275-250 1062 (P 7343) Fig. 65 E 3:1 H. 2.4; Diam. 9.4; Diam. of foot 5.9. Foot and rim chipped. Glazed resting surface; nippled underside. Straight wall. Greenish black glaze, shiny outside, dull and peeling inside. Ca. 250 1063 (P 19899) Fig. 65, PI. 78 D 17:5, lower fill H. 3.0; Diam. 10.5; Diam. of foot 5.9. Foot and underside chipped, one-fourth of wall and rim missing. Glazed resting surface. Straight wall. Shiny black glaze, peeling. Ca. 250 SALTCELLAR CONCAVEWALL

1064 (P 28215) Fig. 65 F 16:1, lower fill H. 2.8; rest. Diam. 6.4. Most of foot and less than half of rim and body restored. Flat resting surface; pointed underside. Thin wall. Rim convex on top, sloping down to outside. Shiny black glaze. 325-315 1065 (P 28137) Fig. 65, P1.78 Stella G. Miller 1974, no. 37, p. 234, pl. 32. F 16:8 H. 2.8; Diam. 6.5. Most of foot, over half of underside, and less than half of wall and rim restored;burned? Lightly grooved resting surface. Rim convex on top. Dull red glaze with black patches. 325-315 1066 (P 15567) Fig. 65, P1.78 AgoraXII, no. 938, p. 302, pl. 34. H 18:1, upper fill H. 2.9; Diam. 6.3. Pieces of floor, wall, and rim missing. Partially grooved resting surface; convex underside. Body offset below rim. Rim slopes downwardto outside and projects slightly.Very shiny black glaze. Ca. 315 SPOOL

1067 (P 27769) Fig. 65, P1.78 Rotroff 1984b, no. 1, p. 351, fig. 1 on p. 344, pl. 67:a. H 16:7 H. 4.6; Diam. 9.7. Rim chipped. Convex underside. Slightly concave wall. Slight groove at either edge of rim. Shiny black glaze.

Cf. AeXk 29, 1973-1974, B' 1 [1979], p. 43, pl. 51:6. 325-295 1068 (P 19358) Fig. 65, P1.78 Rotroff 1984b, no. 2, pp. 351-352, fig. 1 on p. 344, pl. 67:b. D 16:1, lower fill H. 4.3; Diam. 8.3. Pieces of wall and half of foot and rim missing. Pointed underside. Wall nearly straight, inclined outwards. Shiny black glaze, pitted. 325-295 1069 (P 3509) Fig. 65, PI. 78 Rotroff 1984b, no. 3, p. 352, fig. 1 on p. 344, pl. 67:c. F 11:2, upper fill H. 3.9; Diam. 7.6. Most of edge of rim restored. Slightly uneven foot, horizontally faceted; flat resting surface; pointed underside. Thick wall slightly offset at point of transition to foot and at top; inclined to outside. Shiny black glaze. 325-295 1070 (P 20908) Fig. 65, P1.78 no. 51. XXVII, 229, 198, Agora pl. p. Q8-9 H. 3.5; Diam. 6.2. Most of wall and rim missing, including entire lip; very chipped and worn. Resting surface beveled slightly to outside; nearly flat underside. Rim nearly flat on top. Metallic reddish tan glaze. 325-295? 1071 (P 23594) Fig. 65, P1.78 AgoraXXVII, no. 153, p. 188, ill. 38, pl. 43. Q0l:1 H. 3.3; Diam. 7.6. One-third of foot and pieces of wall missing. Pointed underside. Low, concave wall. Olive garland on upper surface of rim. Shiny black glaze. For decoration cf. AkTr 29, 1973-1974, B' 1 [1979], p. 43, pl. 51:8, center. 325-295 1072 (P 29087) Fig. 65, P1.78 Area Q6, lot BA 178 (ate 4th- to early 3rd-centurycontext) H. 3.5; Diam. 7.4. Chips of floor and foot and most of lip missing. Pointed underside. Olive garland on upper surface of rim and on resting surface. Fabric partly fired gray; dull black glaze, much missing. For decoration see 1071. For painted decoration on underside cf. 1337. 325-295 1073 (P21032) Fig. 65, P1.78 H-K 12-14 H. 3.5; est. Diam. 6.9. Most of foot and two-thirdsof rim restored. Pointed underside. Olive garland on upper surface of rim. Shiny black glaze. For decoration see 1071. 325-295

BOWL, SMALL BOWL, AND SALTCELLAR Variant 1074 (P 22885) Fig. 65, P1.78 M-N 15:1 (4), disturbed H. 3.5; Diam. 6.6. Half of rim missing. Slightly projecting foot; flat bottom. Scraped groove at base of wall. Projectingrim with very shallow scraped groove at inner edge. Thin, dull brownish black glaze; miltos. Mid-3rd century? FOOTED

1075 (P 30795) Fig. 65, P1.79 R 13:11 H. 3.2; Diam. 7.2; Diam. of foot 4.3. Intact. Grooved resting surface; nippled underside. Shiny black glaze. Similar: P 30801 (from same context), P 14546 (AgoraXII, no. 948, p. 303, pl. 34 [E-F 2-3:2]). Ca. 325 1076 (P 19362) Fig. 65 D 16:1, lower fill H. 3.6; Diam. 6.8; Diam. of foot 4.5. Foot chipped. Grooved resting surface;pointed underside. Dull black-tobrown glaze, stacking line. 325-300 1077 (P 28739) Fig. 65, P1.79 J5:1,VI H. 3.5; Diam. 7.6; Diam. of foot 5.0. Intact. Grooved resting surface; nippled underside. Black glaze with red patches, stacking line. Similar:P 28023 (Stella G. Miller 1974, no. 38, p. 234, pl. 32 [F 16:8]), P 19733 (B 18:7, lower fill). 325-300

347

1081 (P 20860) Fig. 65, P1.79 D 17:3 H. 3.6; Diam. 7.7; Diam. of foot 4.7. Rim chipped. Narrow, lightly grooved resting surface;pointed underside. Angular profile. Shiny black glaze. 300-275 1082 (P6273) Fig. 65 E 14:1, lower fill H. 3.6; Diam. 7.7; Diam. of foot 4.3. Rim and foot chipped. Angularfoot; flatrestingsurface;nippledunderside. Slightly angular wall. Shiny black glaze, pitted. 300-275 1083 (P 7427) Fig. 65, P1.79 E 3:1 H. 3.5; Diam. 7.1; Diam. of foot 4.6. Intact. Flat resting surface;pointed underside. Very rounded wall. Dull brownishblack glaze, with underside, restingsurface,and most of foot unglazed. Ca. 275 1084 (P 15231) Fig. 65, PI. 79 N 21:4, unknown depth H. 3.1; Diam. 7.0; Diam. of foot 4.0. Foot chipped. Flat resting surface;nearly flat underside. Thin wall. Shiny black glaze. 275-250 1085 (P 25995) Fig. 65 F 17:3, middle fill H. 3.3; Diam. 8.1; Diam. of foot 4.6. Piece of rim missing. Narrow resting surface, slightly beveled to inside; pointed underside. Thin wall. Shiny-to-metallicblack glaze. 275-250

1078 (P6149) Fig. 65 AgoraXII, no. 949, p. 303, pl. 34; Jones, Graham, and Sackett 1973, p. 377, under no. 32. D 15:3 H. 3.1; Diam. 6.6; Diam. of foot 4.5. Complete. Grooved resting surface;nippled underside. Straight lower wall. Shiny black glaze. Ca. 300

1086 (P 25685) Fig. 65 A 17:3 H. 3.1; Diam. 6.8; Diam. of foot 3.6. Intact. Small foot; flat resting surface; pointed underside. Thin wall. Metallic black glaze. Similar shape but heavier: P 7345 (E 3:1). 275-250

1079 (P588) Fig. 65, P1.79 AgoraXII, no. 950, p. 303, pl. 34. H 17:6 H. 3.6; Diam. 7.7; Diam. of foot 4.7. Rim and foot chipped, most of underside missing. Grooved resting surface. Shiny black glaze. Ca. 300

1087 (P 7346) Fig. 65 E 3:1 H. 3.4; Diam. 7.5; Diam. of foot 4.4. Foot and rim chipped. Flat resting surface; pointed underside. Thin wall. Shiny black glaze, peeling. Similar:P 7352, from same context. 275-250

1080 (P 7366) Fig. 65 E 3:1 H. 3.6; Diam. 7.3; Diam. of foot 4.3. Rim chipped. Flat resting surface; convex underside. Peeling red glaze, stacking circle. Ca. 300

1088 (P 7809) Fig. 65, P1.79 E 14:6, lower fill H. 3.4; Diam. 7.3; Diam. of foot 4.1. Foot chipped. Flaring foot; beveled resting surface; pointed underside. Thin wall. Shiny black-to-redglaze. 275-250

348

CATALOGUE

1089 (P9049) Fig. 65 E 5:2, lower fill H. 3.1; Diam. 7.7; Diam. of foot 4.4. Foot chipped. Flat resting surface; pointed underside. Dull black glaze, peeling. 275-250 DEEP BOWL:PROJECTING RIM

1090 (P 26890) Fig. 66, P1.79 E 3:1 P.H. 7.7; est. Diam. 30.0. One handle and part of wall and rim preserved. Rim flat on top. Horizontal handle, circular in section, attachedbelow rim, turnedup and tuckedunder rim. Greenish glaze with metallic patches, stacking line. 275-250

1095 (P 31867) Fig. 66 F 16:8 P.H. 3.3; Diam. of foot 7.3. Base and part of lower wall preserved. Heavy base with broad, flat resting surface, thinly glazed. Convex underside rises to slight point. Shiny black-to-brown glaze; finger markson foot and lower wall. Possiblythe foot of 1094. Ca.275

RING FOOT

1096 (P 6278) Fig. 66 E 14:1, lower fill H. 13.0; Diam. 26.8; Diam. of foot 9.9. Partsof wall and half of rim restored. Resting surfaceslightlybeveled and mostly reserved;irregular, nippled underside. Rim flat on top. Metallic black glaze, thin or missing near foot. Similar:P 7721 (E 3:1), P 14181 (O 20:3, II). 250-200

1091 (P 7720) Fig. 66, P1.79 E 3:1 H. 7.3; rest. Diam. 16.6; Diam. of foot 6.0. Two-thirdsof rim and over half of body restored. Flat resting surface;pointed underside, unglazed. Rim flat on top, slopes down to outside, pierced with two holes, one of which does not go all the way through. Shiny black glaze; finger markson foot and lower wall. 275-250

1097 (P 17980) Fig. 66 A 18:1, lower fill H. 14.1; Diam. 29.2; Diam. of foot 9.4. Pieces of wall and rim missing. Flat resting surface,glazed; pointed underside. Very downturned rim, pierced with two holes. Shiny black glaze. Similar:P 11453 (E 5:2, lower fill), P 28533 (P 21:4, smaller). Ca. 200?

1092 (P 16257) Fig. 66, P1.79 Rotroff 1994, p. 22, pl. 3:e. N 21:4, lower fill H. 10.5; rest. Diam. 19.8; Diam. of foot 6.6; capacity 1.25 liters. Most of rim and upper wall restored. Flat resting surface; rough, pointed underside, mostly unglazed. Wall flares at top, with offsetjust below rim. Rim flat on top. Metallic black glaze; finger marks on foot and lower wall. 250-225 1093 (P2389) Fig. 66 H. A. Thompson 1934, C 6, p. 348, fig. 28. G 6:2 (Group C) H. 9.3; Diam. 20.0; Diam. of foot 6.7. Parts of wall restored. Flat resting surface; pointed underside with spiraling, unglazed. Rim convex on top, slightly downturned, and pierced with two holes. Metallic black glaze, partly brown inside, with red stacking circle; finger markson foot and lower wall. Ca. 200? BROAD BASE

1094 (P 28076) Fig. 66 F 16:8 P.H. 8.3; est. Diam. 23.5. Less than half of rim and upper wall preserved; partially restored. Rim very slightly convex on top; pierced with two holes. Shiny glaze, mottled brown inside, on outside black below stacking line, mottled red above. Possiblyfrom the same pot as 1095. Ca. 275

1098 (P 18714) Fig. 66, P1.79 M21:1 H. 11.8; Diam. 26.2; Diam. of foot 8.9. Center of floor,part of foot and wall, and nearly half of rim restored. Resting surface slightly beveled, glazed. Floor perhaps deliberatelypierced. Rippling on outside of body. Rim nearly flat on top, slightly downturned, and pierced with two holes. Metallic brown glaze, black inside with brown stacking circle; finger markson foot and lower wall. Similar rippling appears on the walls of saucers from the same context (743, 745, 746, 751), on 757, and on P 28625 (P 21:4). For pierced floor cf. 1099. 200-175 1099 (P 19098) Fig. 67 N 20:6, lower fill H. 10.8; Diam. 24.2; Diam. of foot 8.0. One-fourth of foot, one-third of wall, and two-thirdsof rim restored;center of floor missing. Slightly beveled resting surface, about two-thirdsunglazed. Center offloor deliberatelypierced afterfiring, foruse as funnel or flowerpot? Slightly downturned rim. Metallic glaze, black to reddish brown, thin or missing near foot. 200-175 1100 (P 28164) Fig. 67, P1.79 F 17:4 H. 13.7; est. Diam. 28.0; Diam. of foot 9.3. Half of wall and two-thirdsof rim restored. Flat resting surface,glazed; nippled underside. Some irregular grooving on body. Very pale brown fabric (10YR 8/4); shiny black glaze with finger markson foot and lower wall. 200-175

VESSELS FOR OIL 1101 (P 11669) Fig. 67, P1.79 M 20:4, lower fill H. 13.4; rest. Diam. 28.8, Diam. of foot 8.4. Most of rim and large parts of wall restored. Small foot; beveled resting surface, glazed; nippled underside. Rim convex on top. Shiny black glaze, peeling. Ca. 175? 1102 (P 19888) Fig. 67 D 17:5, lower fill H. 13.0; Diam. 25.1; Diam. of foot 8.3. Small parts of rim and wall restored. Wide groove in glazed resting surface; pointed underside. Thick, narrow rim, downturned. One hole preserved in rim. Metallic black glaze with red stacking circle; finger markson foot and lower wall. Ca. 175 1103 (P 13674) Fig. 67, P1.80 G 5:3, lower fill H. 14.2; rest. Diam. 29.0; Diam. of foot 10.2. Parts of wall and most of rim restored;foot chipped. Broad groove at inner edge of unglazed resting surface; deeply concave, nippled underside. Slightly downturned rim, convex on top, pierced with two holes. Shiny black glaze, thin or missing near foot, stacking circle. 175-150 1104 (P 20446) Fig. 68 D 17:4, lower fill H. 14.7; Diam. 29.0; Diam. of foot 9.1. One-fourth of wall and half of rim restored. Unglazed resting surface, strongly beveled to inside, with groove near inner edge; pointed underside. Many fine grooves on body. Narrow, downturned rim, pierced with two holes. Dull red and black glaze, thin or missing; finger marks near foot. Ca. 150? 1105 (P 3360) Fig. 68, Pls. 80 H. A. Thompson 1934, E 50, p. 397, fig. 85. F 15:2 (Group E) H. 16.4; rest. Diam. 31.5; Diam. of foot 10.5. Two-thirds of wall and rim restored. Restingsurfaceinwardlybeveled, with broadgroove at inner edge; pointed underside. Narrow, downturned rim. Shiny brownish black glaze on inside and upper outside only, red stacking circle. 150-110

349

DEEPWEST SLOPEBOWL:PROJECTING RI

1106 (P 28524) Fig. 68, P1.80 P21:4 H. 6.8; Diam. 13.8; Diam. of foot 5.9. Fragmentsof wall missing. Flaring, molded foot; inwardly beveled, slightly concave resting surface; convex underside. Rim downcurved, convex on top, with scraped groove at either edge. On floor, within scraped groove, eight-petaled rosette with alternating white and orange petals. On rim, ivy garland with orange leaves, white stem. Metallic black glaze; miltos. 225-175 DEEPBowL:PLAIN RIM 1107 (P 28521) Fig. 68, P1.80 P21:4 H. 14.4; Diam 19.0; Diam. of foot 11.0; p. weight 645 gr. Two pieces of wall missing. Broad, rounded resting surface;convex underside with nipple. Slightly incurved rim with scraped groove below lip on outside. Shiny black glaze outside, red inside; finger markson foot and lower wall; miltos. Inscribed below rim: 6Xxr FIA AA n. 200-175 1108 (P 18708) Fig. 68 M21:1 H. 15.0; Diam. 17.9; rest. Diam. of foot 9.5. Underside, most of foot, and part of wall and rim restored. Flat resting surface. Slightly flaring rim, flat on top and inwardly sloping. Scraped groove below rim and another ca. 4.0 cm. lower down. Shiny brown glaze, partly red inside, thin near foot. 200-175 1109 (P 11444) Fig. 68 E 5:2, lower fill H. 7.4; est. Diam. 12.0; Diam. of foot 5.2. Three-fourthsof wall and rim missing. Lightly molded ring foot; beveled resting surface; pointed underside. Scraped groove below rim. Dull black glaze, red to brown below stacking line and inside. A similar shape from Macedonia, with West Slope decoration, is dated in the later part of the 3rd century: cf. Veroia, II 2151, p. 97, fig. 35 on p. 148, pl. 65, from a tomb dated near the end of the 3rd century; AncientMacedonia,nos. 280, 281, p. 323 (from Pella). Cf. also PF II, C 20, p. 43, pl. 4 (undecorated,with no groove below rim, from Pergamon). 200-175

VESSELS FOR OIL LEKYTHOS

1110 (P3992) Fig. 69, P1.81 Lang 1956, p. 9, under no. 37; McCredie 1966, p. 24, under no. 10;AgoraXII, no. 1108, p. 313, fig. 11, pl. 38; Rotroff 1983, no. 44, p. 288, pl. 55. H 6:9, south chamber, lower fill H. 22.5; Diam. 17.7. Parts of wall restored. Flat resting surface, slightly convex underside. Drip ring on neck. Broad, double-curved mouth, lip flat on top. Strap

handle, concave to outside. Shiny black glaze inside and out; finger markson foot. Similar:P 12702 (Lang 1956, no. 37, p. 9, pl. 2 [O 18:2]). 325-275

1111 (P5782)

Fig.69, P1.81

E 14:1, lower fill H. 23.3; Diam. 17.7. Rim chipped, hole in bottom; considerable wear on resting surface.

350

CATALOGUE

Flaring,weaklymolded foot; slightlybeveled restingsurface; convex underside. Slight drip ring on neck. Double curved mouth pinched to form small spout opposite handle. Strap handle concave to outside. Metallic black glaze, red below, probably unglazed inside. Same shape but smaller: P 5788, from same context. Cf. also 1746, probably an import. 275-250

1112 (P29231) J 5:1, III

P1.81

H. 11.7; Diam. 9.9. Most of mouth and parts of body restored. Rounded resting surface; convex underside. Narrow, fairly deep mouth. Strap handle, concave to outside. Shiny black glaze outside and on inside of neck and mouth. Cf. Braun 1970, no. 105, p. 143, pl. 58:2. Mid-3rd century 1113 (P4003) P1.81 H. A. Thompson 1934, C 9, p. 349, fig. 29. G 6:2 (Group C) P.H. 6.3; Diam. of rim 3.2. Neck, handle, and part of shoulder preserved. Slight ofifet at base of neck. Narrow mouth, slightly deepened, with small spout opposite strap handle. Shiny black glaze outside and on upper part of inside. Mid-3rd century? 1114 (P 17033 a, b) Fig. 69, PI. 81 B 20:2, lower fill P.H. (a) 13.8, (b) 16.7; Diam. 22.0. Two nonjoining sections preservinglower body and foot (a) and part of shoulder,handle, and mouth (b);partly restored. Flaring, slightly angular foot; slightly beveled resting surface; slightly convex underside. Two grooves on shoulder and on neck. Very deep mouth with pinched spout opposite handle. Strap handle, slightly concave to outside. Shiny black glaze outside and inside mouth, thin wash on interior. Lack of wear and presence of wash over broken edge suggests vessel was broken in manufactureor soon thereafter. 200-175 1115 (P6812) Fig. 69, P1.81 Q11:3 H. 23.0; Diam. 18.0. Pieces of wall and mouth missing. Molded foot; flat resting surface;slightly convex underside. Three spiralgroovesaroundneck. Deep mouth, bulgingbelow, with pinched spout opposite handle and groove below lip. Strap handle, concave to outside. Shiny black-to-brownglaze inside and out. 175-160 1116 (P 8020) Fig. 69, P1.81 E 6:1, lower fill P.H. 13.6; Diam. 11.4. All of rim and chips of body and foot missing. Flaring foot; flat resting surface;convex underside. Groove on shoulder. Pinched spout opposite handle. Strap handle, slightly concave to outside, arched. Shiny red glaze, mostly missing, probably unglazed inside. 175-150

1117 (P 13689) Fig. 69, PI. 81 G 5:3, lower fill H. 15.4; Diam. 11.2. Half of body and three-fourthsof mouth restored. Rounded resting surface;convex underside. Slight offet at base of neck. Three grooves on neck. Deep mouth. Strap handle slightlyconcave to outside, slightlyarched. Shiny black glaze outside and on inside of mouth and neck. Similar:P 8584 (E 6:2, lower fill), P 20722. 175-150 1118 (P 19806) Fig. 70, P1.82 B 21:24, constructionfill PH. 26.5; Diam. 23.6. Mouth missing, foot chipped; parts of body restored. Molded foot; slightlybeveled restingsurface;slightlyconvex underside. Two light grooves on lower body,probablyunintentional. Lower body dented. Two grooves on shoulder. Strap handle slightly concave to outside, with broad ridge in center, distinctlyarched. Shiny brown glaze inside and outside. 150-120 1119 (P 20439) Fig. 70, PI. 82 D 17:4, middle fill Rest. H. 17.8; Diam. 12.9. Mouth and parts of body restored;foot chipped. Flaring foot; flat restingsurface;nippled underside. Groove at base of neck; two grooves on neck. Plain strap handle, arched. Dull, peeling, orange and green glaze outside and on inside of mouth and neck. Late 2nd to early 1st century 1120 (P8944) Fig. 70, P. 82 M 20:1, middle fill H. 26.0; Diam. 19.3. Over half of mouth and large parts of body restored; little wear. Flaring angularfoot; beveled resting surface;flat underside. Prominent wheel ridges on body, and dent in one side. Two grooves at base of neck, two on neck. Deep mouth with large pinch for spout opposite handle. Strap handle with central ridge, arched. Dull black-to-brownglaze outside and on inside of mouth and neck; finger markson foot. Late 2nd to early 1st century 1121 (P 11860) Fig. 70, PI. 82 N 19:1, upper fill (Group F) Rest. H. 20.7; Diam. 14.6. Large part of body, vertical of handle, neck, and most of mouth restored. Flaringfoot; flat restingsurface;flat underside. Two shallow grooves on neck (omitted from drawing). Deep mouth with tiny spout opposite handle. Strap handle, concave to outside, very arched. Dull red glaze, mostly missing, interior probably unglazed. Late 2nd to early 1st century 1122 (P3410) Fig. 70, P. 82 H. A. Thompson 1934, E 133, pp. 417-418, fig. 103. F 15:2 (Group E) P.H. 4.4; Diam. of rim 3.7. Mouth and part of neck and handle preserved. Low neck. Deep mouth with slightly flaring lip and small pinched spout at right angle to plain strap handle. Dull brown glaze.

VESSELS FOR OIL

351

Body fragment of another lekythos from same context: P 3362 (H. A. Thompson 1934, E 54, p. 397, fig. 86). 125-110

mouth; rim rounded on top. Shiny black glaze inside and on rim, dripped into body. 300-275

1123 (P 14422) Fig. 70, P1.82 M 20:1, middle fill P.H. 6.3; Diam. of rim 3.2. Mouth, handle, and part of shoulder preserved. Groove at base of neck. Deep mouth with small spout at right angle to handle. Strap handle, concave to outside. Shiny brown glaze outside and on inside of mouth and neck. 125-100

1129 (P 737) P1.83 H. A. Thompson 1934, B 31, pp. 340-341, fig.21; AgoraXII, no. 1737, p. 359, pl. 80. H 16:3, north chamber (Group B) H. 8.8; L. of body 9.1. Part of wall restored. Angular ring foot; beveled resting surface; slightly convex underside. Mouth concave to inside, molded to outside; rim rounded on top. Shiny black glaze inside and on top of rim, with dribble on handle. Nearly identical: P 4408 (F 12:3, middle fill), P 7719 (E 3:1). 275-250?

1124 (P 26043) Fig. 70, P1.82 O 17:5 H. 12.3; est. Diam. 10.7. Over half of body missing. Low, flaring foot; flat resting surface; pointed underside. Two widely spaced grooveson shoulder. Deep neckwith flaring rim and bulge at bottom. Spout at right angle to plain strap handle. Dull, thin, brown glaze outside and on inside of mouth and neck. Similar: P 10899 (D 12:2, lower fill) and probably P 6003 (E 14:3). Cf. DelosXXVII, D 183, p. 257, pl. 47. 100-86 1125 (P 10891) Fig. 70, P1.82 D 11:4, lower fill P.H. 8.0; Diam. of neck 3.5. Mouth and handle preserved. Groove on shoulder. Deep mouth with flaring rim, bulging below; pronounced spout opposite ridged handle. Dull red glaze outside and on inside of mouth and neck. 100-50 DUCKASKOS UNGLAZED

1126 (P 19701) P1.83 Sparkes 1962, p. 132, note 91, pl. VII: 1;AgoraXII, no. 1736, p. 359, pl. 80. P 10:1 H. 11.2; L. of body 9.8. About one-third of body restored. Raised base, concave underneath. Very tapering body. Mouth has curved profile, sharp lip. Fine, fairly micaceous fabric, reddishyellow below (5YR 7/6), red above (2.5YR 5/6); dull brown-to-blackglaze on inside and on top of rim. Possibly imported. Ca. 300 1127 (P 30945) P1.83 R 13:9 P.H. 6.6. Mouth, handle, and upper body preserved. Molded rim, flat on top. Dull black glaze inside and on top of rim, dripped onto handle. 300-275 1128 (P 29051) P1.83 J 5:1, IV H. 8.5; L. of body 8.6. Piece of wall missing. Flaring ring foot with grooved outer face; curved resting surface; slightly convex underside. Lower body pared. Small

BLACK

1130 (P26158) P. 83 AgoraXII, p. 210, note 6. M 18:10 PH. 10.4; p.L. of body 10.3. Mouth and part of body missing. Flaring ring foot; rounded resting surface; pointed underside. Shiny black glaze, badly peeled, interior unglazed; finger markson lower body. Cf. Braun 1970, no. 137, p. 148, pl. 64:1. Foranother blackglazed example see Abadie and Spyropoulos 1985, no. 11, p. 442, fig. 145. 225-175 ARYBALLOS IMITATIONBLISTERWARE

1131 (P97) Fig. 71, PI. 83 Rotroff 1983, no. 45, p. 289, fig. 12, pl. 55 H 6:9, south chamber,lower fill H. 7.5; est. Diam. 9.0. One-third of rim, part of wall, and almost all of underside missing. Flat, reservedunderside. Body verticallycombed; grooving stops shortlybefore bottom of wall. Red glaze with large black patch, outside only. Similar:P 26854 (certainlyAttic, glazed shiny black [E 14:1, lower fill]), 1750 (probablyimported). Cf. Braun 1994, no. 10:3, p. 33, pl. 9:a, 3. 310-275 FOOTLESS

1132 (P 18713) Fig. 71,P1. 83 M21:1 P.H. 5.6; Diam. 8.1. Neck, handle, and one-fourth of body missing. Slightly convex bottom. Hard, grainy,reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/6) with small white inclusions; dull to metallic black glaze outside only, thin glaze on underside. Possiblynot Attic. Cf. 1752, an import of the same shape. For similar shape, with foot, see 1139. Context of 225-175 1133 (P 25434) O 16:3 PH. 5.8; Diam. 7.2. Neck, mouth, and half of body missing.

Fig. 71, PI. 83

352

CATALOGUE

Flat bottom. Strap handle running in loop from belly to shoulder. Very micaceous reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/6) with quartz inclusions;dull black glaze outside only. Possiblynot Attic. Context of 200-150 1134 (P9075) Fig. 71, P. 83 N 18:3 P.H. 6.3; Diam. 7.3. Neck and handle missing. Flat bottom. Fine, hard, grainy, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/6); dull black glaze with metallic patches, inside and out. Possiblynot Attic. Context of ca. 240-190 1135 (P 31929) Fig. 71, PI. 83 F 13:3, upper fill P.H. 7.1. Neck, half of rim, and part of shoulder preserved. Sloping shoulder with groove at top. Short, thin neck. Flaring rim. Strap handle attached below rim. Shiny brownto-red glaze outside and on upper part of inside. Context of 150-86 1136 (P 31930) Fig. 71, P. 83 F 13:3, upper fill P.H. 5.7; est. Diam. 8.0. Part of shoulder,with handle attachment. Pear-shapedjug with groove on sloping shoulder. Strap handle. Dull brown glaze outside and on upper part of inside. Context of 150-86 1137 (P 31931) Fig. 71, P1.83 F 13:3, upper fill P.H. 3.3; est. Diam. 8.0. Part of lower wall and underside. Flat underside. Greatestdiameterjust above bottom. Shiny brown glaze outside and on upper part of inside; finger marks on lower body. Context of 150-86 FOOTED

1138 (P22850) Fig. 71, P. 83 H-K 12-14 PH. 7.7; Diam. 7.7. Neck and handle missing. Sightly angular ring foot; slightly beveled resting surface; pointed underside. Strap handle from belly to base of neck. Shiny black glaze. Cf. Vanderpool, McCredie, and Steinberg 1962, no. 16, p. 35, pl. 21 (unglazed). 275-250? 1139 (P28637) Fig. 71, PI. 83 P21:4 H. 8.0; est. Diam. 9.0. Half of body and half of mouth missing. Angular ring foot; rounded resting surface; convex underside. Strap handle, concave to outside. Mottled brown-to-red glaze outside only. Cf. OlynthusV, nos. 804, 816-817, pp. 222, 224, pls. 171, 172; Olynthus XIII, no. 436, p. 251, pl. 169. For similar shape, without foot, cf. 1132, 1752. Context of 225-175

GUTTUS CLASSICAL TYPE

1140 (P6952) Fig 71,PI. 83 AgoraXII, no. 1194, p. 319, fig. 11, pl. 39. D-E 8-9:1 H. 8.8; Diam. 8.6. Partsof body restored. Broad, slightly beveled resting surface, nippled underside. Shiny glaze, mottled brown to red. Similar:P 10256 (B 13:8, lower fill). 325-300 1141 (P 10684) Fig. 71, P1.83 AgoraXII, no. 1196, p. 319, pl. 39. P 10:1 H. 9.0; Diam. 7.8. Handle missing. Beveled resting surface; convex underside. Dull black to reddish brown glaze. 300-290 1142 (P 28028) Fig. 71, Pl. 83 Stella G. Miller 1974, no. 21, p. 231, pl. 31. F 16:8 H. 9.1; Diam. 8.1. Handle, most of rim, and chips of foot missing. Scraped groove in resting surface; slightly nippled underside. Ridge and scraped groove at base of neck. Ghost of ivy garland running right on shoulder. Fabric partly fired gray (10YR 6/2); shiny black to dull tan glaze; miltos. Cf. Patsiada 1990, no. 183, p. 192, fig. 30, pl. 76:aT for vessel of Classical shape with painted decoration. Ca. 285 HELLENISTIC TYPE

Normal 1143 (P 19356) Fig. 71, P. 83 D 16:1, lower fill P.H. 5.1; Diam. 11.5. Neck, half of handle, lower body, and pieces of upper body missing. Scraped groove above greatest diameter; offset and scraped groove at base of neck. Opposing olive garland around shoulder. Shiny black glaze outside only. Early 3rd century 1144 (P 30938) Fig. 71, P1.83 R 13:9 P.H. 8.0; Diam. 10.4. Mouth, handle, and part of lower body missing. Ridge and scraped groove at base of neck. On shoulder, garland with trefoil leaves and groups of three white dots on stems. Shiny black glaze with reddish brown patches, outside only; miltos. Decoration very similar to that on 143 and 1218. 290-275 1145 (P5654) Fig. 71, P. 83 From passage between E 14:1 and E 14:3 P.H. 4.4; Diam. 9.7. Neck and handle missing. Scraped groove below ridge at base of neck. Opposing olive garland on shoulder. Shiny black glaze with metallic patches, outside only.

VESSELS FOR OIL Cf. Rostovtzeff1941, p. 162, pl. XX; Patsiada1990, nos. 184, 185, p. 194, fig. 30, pl. 76:~.

275-250

1146 (P 7774)

E 3:1

Fig. 71, P1.83

PH. 7.1; Diam. 11.4. Mouth, handle, and parts of wall missing; little wear on resting surface. Broad convex band at base of neck. Handle inset. Ivy garland running right on shoulder. Dull tan glaze, outside only. Forinset handle cf P 353 (AgoraXII, no. 1189, p. 319, pl. 39). Ca. 250 1147 (P4525) Fig. 71, P1.84 Area K 13, disturbed Hellenistic context (no lot) P.H. 6.3; Diam. 9.0. Mouth, upper neck, handle, and part of wall missing. Scraped groove above greatest diameterand at base of neck. On shoulder, two pairs of antithetical dolphins over diagonal strokesbased on two lines with row ofwhite dots between them. Dull black glaze with metallic patches; finger marks on lower body. For similar decoration cf. 246 and 247. 250-225 1148 (P6291) Fig. 71, PI. 84 E 14:1, lower fill Rest. H. 7.5; Diam. 10.8. Part of handle, neck, and body restored;mouth missing. Scraped groove below ridge at base of neck. On shoulder, alternatingwreath and vertical branch, with white dot rosettes as spacers; double knotted fillets flankinghandle. Some white overpainting on stem of wreath and two white fillets handing down from center. Branch has white dots on stem, two white fillets. Shiny black glaze, red on much of lower body and underside. 250-225 1149 (P 31860 a, b) PI. 84 E 14:1, lower fill Max. p. dim. (a) 8.4, (b) 6.6. Two nonjoining fragments preservingpart of shoulder and lower wall and handle. Curved shoulder decorated with rouletting, groove at top. Ring handle. Shiny dark brown glaze, outside only. 250-225 1150 (P24014) Fig. 71, P. 84 Area G 13, lot Z 853 (late Hellenistic context) PH. 7.1; Diam. 10.3. Handle and neck missing. Ridge between scraped grooves at base of neck. On upper body, three pairs of antithetical leaping dolphins over spiral wave pattern running right, filled in with white below, based on thick line. Traces of painted decoration on neck. Shiny black glaze. Late 3rd to early 2nd century? 1151 (P3202) Fig. 71, PL.84 Rotroff 1991, no. 99, p. 93, pl. 41. Area F 10-11, lots B 154 and 155 (late Hellenistic context), with 490

P.H.7.3, Diam. 11.8.

353

Mouth, handle, and fragments of wall missing. Small, high, flaring and angular ring foot; curved resting surface;pointedunderside, partiallyunglazed. Scrapedgroove above greatest diameter; glazed groove and scraped groove at base of neck. Shoulder: large ivy garland running right with undulating white stem, white leaves and orange leaves with overpaintedwhite chevrons,on incised stems, alternating with white dot rosettes. Main stem partly outlined in incision. Metallic black glaze. Large Leaf Group 2. For decoration cf. 490. For white chevrons on leaves see

1277. 110-90 WithLion-head Spout

1152 (P20881)

Fig.71, Pl.84

Rotroff 1984a, p. 175, fig. 1; Rotroff 1991, no. 17, p. 70, pl. 18. D 17:3 Max. p. dim. 7.2; est. Diam. 11.0. Part of shoulder and trace of upper body and spout preserved. Deep scraped groove at top of wall. Lion-head spout. Ivy garland running left on shoulder: thick stem, leaves on stems alternate with dot rosettes, ribbon at end. Shiny black glaze outside, dribble of brown glaze inside. EdwardsGroup. For pieces with same decoration see 74. Shape probably as P 353 (AgoraXII, no. 1189, p. 319, pl. 39). 275-265 1153 (P5801) Fig. 71, P1.84 E 14:1, lower fill H. 10.6; Diam. 10.2. Part of lower body and flange restored. Flaring ring foot; slightly beveled resting surface. Underside pierced with central tube communicating with interior of vase. Two scraped grooves on shoulder delimiting lower edge of decorated zone; rouletting below grooves. Scraped groove below offet at base of neck; groove and offsets at top, below flange. Closed top with pointed finial above wide flange, offset and scraped groove at base. Lion-head spout at about 60 degrees to left of handle. Upper shoulder bears five alternating panels of incised checkerboardsand concentric rectangles;incised union jack in panel between spout and handle. White in panels of checkerboard and quartered rectangle. Metallic black glaze. Cf. Maffre 1971, no. 43, pp. 694-696, fig. 51. For other instances of incision for these patterns see 835. 225-200

1154 (T 327)

P1.84

Area G 5-6 Diam. 4.0; Diam. of cast 2.7. Slightly chipped. Circularmold with rounded back and tabs of clay for holding mold together. Head of lion with large ears, striatedmane, open mouth. On back of mold, twice, graffito E. LIDDEDGUTrS

1155 (P619) H. A. Thompson 1934, D 13, p. 371, fig. 56. H 16:4 (Group D) H. 5.6; Diam. 8.8.

Fig. 71, P1.84

354

CATALOGUE

Handle and part of wall restored. Slightly beveled resting surface; pointed underside. Nearly horizontallower body curvesup to concave upperbody curving into bottom of flange. Rim slopes inward. Small lion-head spout at 80 degrees to left of handle. Metallic dark brown glaze. 140-125 1156 (P3176) Fig. 71, P1.84 H. A. Thompson 1934, E 57, p. 398, fig. 86. F 15:2 (Group E) P.H. 5.1; est. Diam. 9.5. Handle, foot, and over half of body missing. Angularbody, with upper body sloping inwardto rim. Slight thickening on exterior below rim; rim slants inward. Lionhead spout with thick mane at 80 degrees to left of handle. Shiny dark brown glaze. 125-110 1157 (P9669) Fig. 71, P1.84 N 19:1, middle fill H. 6.0; Diam. 9.3. Parts of wall and rim restored. Flaring ring foot; rounded resting surface with continuous curve to slightly nippled underside. Angular profile, upper body convex. Rim slants in above slight exterior flange. Very coarse, handmade lion-head spout at 60 degrees to left of handle. Dull red glaze. 110-86 PLASTIC ASKOS

1158 (P 16675 a, b) P1.85 L 19:2, upper fill P.H. (a) 4.5; max. p. dim. (a) 5.4, (b) 6.6. Two nonjoining fragments, with mouth, nose, left cheek, lower half of left eye (a), and part of back of head (b). Fragmenta preservesface ofAfrican; white lines at closureof lips may indicate teeth. Broad, flat nose. White of eye painted white, iris left black. Fragmentb is covered with irregularlocks of hair. A ring handle is now mostly broken away. Hard, pink fabric (7.5YR 7/4) with fine mica; shiny black glaze outside, shiny brown inside on fragment a and on part of inside of fragment b. Cf. Bohtz and Albert 1975, no. 50, p. 524, figs. 69-71; Belin de Ballu 1972, p. 114, pl. LXVI: 1. For other representations of Africans see 125, 1159, 1360, and 1361. 200-150 1159 (L5270) P1.85 Area F-K 13-16 P.H. 4.7; max. p. dim. 6.4. Broken all around; spout broken away at top. Left eye and heavy eyebrowofAfrican. White of eye painted white, iris black. Three snail curls over forehead. Top of head piercedfor mouth ofvase. Shiny blackglaze inside and outside. For Africans see 1158. 1160 (P 18338) P1.85 A-B 19-20:1 H. 6.8; PL. 8.1; W at heel 3.4. Handle and front half of foot missing. Moldmade foot with ring handle attached at right ankle, comic-mask spout above heel, and strainer with concave surface pierced with seven holes in top. Mask has knitted brow,

fairlyhigh hair roll, triangularmouth trumpetpierced for pouring. The foot wears a sandal with a thick sole, probably originally marked with a painted line. Two relief thongs ending in ivy leaves run down diagonally from spout to arch; another two, possibly double, run from center of instep to arch. Trace of third strap, much more faint, going from handle towards front of foot. Shiny red-to-blackglaze outside, mostly missing, thin red on inside. For ivy leaf cf. Morrow 1985, pp. 95-96, pl. 76. Cf. also Michaelides 1994, p. 321, pl. 249:y, from Cyprus, and 1794, an import. 2nd century 1161 (P 1435) P1.85 Area G 13, mixed Hellenistic and Roman context (no lot) Max. p. dim. 6.2. Broken all around. Left shoulder and arm of figure facing left and grasping large object. Some relief on surface of object. Hard, grainy, light red fabric (2.5YR 6/6) with much mica, white inclusions, and small voids; metallic black glaze outside, dull red on upper inside. Possibly imported. Cf. CVA,Hoppin and Gallatin Collections 1 [USA 1], pl. 30 [51]:7. 1162 (P 19043) P1.85 Area B 18, Hellenistic context (no lot) Max. p. dim. 8.2. No original edge preserved. Left shoulderand arm. Arm, sharplybent at elbow,extends straightout from body. Hand originally held something which rested againstshoulder,where there is an unglazed area. Trace of neck at left. Possible traces of draperyjust before break, on shoulder. Arm molded separately in a two-piece mold. A hole pierced to ensure communication between interior of arm and interiorof body. Hard, very fine, reddishyellow fabric (7.5YR 7/6) with very little mica; black glaze inside and on front part of arm, back and underside of arm covered with very thin brown glaze. Cf. an askos in the form of a reclining satyr;there the spout of the vessel is the mouth of the wineskin that the satyr grasps (Hausmann 1962, pp. 280-281, pls. 78:2, 79). Cf. also AvP I, ii, no. 15, p. 272. UNGUENTARIUM

1163 (P 28679) Fig. 72, P1.85 J5:1,V H. 8.8; Diam. 6.0. Chips missing. Base has angular profile. Ovoid body with two scraped grooves on shoulder. Shiny black glaze; finger markson foot and lower wall. 325-300 1164 (P7388) Fig. 72, P1.85 E 3:1 H. 7.1; Diam. 4.5. Chips of rim and wall missing. Shape as 1163. Shiny black glaze. Cf. Schlorb-Vierneisel 1966, no. 154:1, p. 89, pl. 53:6; Knigge and Kovacsovics 1981, pp. 395-396, fig. 22, thirdfrom left; Kerameikos XIV, no. 120:1, p. 118, pl. 50:8. 325-300

POURING VESSELS FOR OTHER OR UNKNOWN LIQUIDS 1165 (P 26736) Fig. 72, P1.85 AgoraXII, p. 340, under no. 1492. R 17:6, upper fill H. 6.4; Diam. 4.1. Half of rim and neck and piece of body missing. Base with angular profile. Fairly squat body with high shoulder;scraped groove on shoulder. Shiny black glaze, part of foot and lower body unglazed. Cf. Schlorb-Vierneisel1966, no. 155:4, p. 90, pl. 58:2, found in a grave together with a kantharosof ca. 325-300. 325-300 1166 (P 28684) Fig. 72, P1.85 J5:1,V H. 7.2; Diam. 4.3. Foot and rim chipped. Base has concave profile. Irregularly ovoid body with scraped groove on shoulder. Dull black glaze; finger marks on foot and lower wall. 325-300 1167 (P 28682) Fig. 72, P1.85 J5:1,V H. 6.3; Diam. 4.0. Intact. Flaring base. Ovoid body. Dull black glaze; finger markson foot and lower wall. 325-300 1168 (P 10685) Fig. 72, P1.85 P 10:1 H. 8.7; Diam. 6.3. Chips of wall and rim missing. Flaring base. Ovoid body with two scraped grooves on shoulder. Shiny black glaze; finger marks on foot and lower wall; miltos. Ca. 300? 1169 (P 28681) Fig. 72, P1.85 J5:1, V H. 6.9; Diam. 3.9. Intact. Flaring base with groove around outer edge of underside. Ovoid body. Shiny glaze, mottled brown to black;finger marks on foot and lower wall.

355

Cf. Schlorb-Vierneisel 1966, no. 158:3, p. 91, pi. 57:1. Ca. 300? 1170 (P 23054) PI. 85 M-N 15:1 (4), disturbed PH. 8.1; Diam. 4.1. Foot and mouth missing. Solid lowerbody; sloping shoulder. Shiny blackglaze; finger markson foot and lower wall. 200-150 1171 (P5725) Fig. 72, P. 85 E 14:1, lower fill H. 12.6; Diam. 6.2. Half of foot and one-fourth of body, neck, and rim restored. Projectingfoot; concave resting surface;nippled underside. Scraped groove atjunction of foot and body. Plump body with scraped groove at greatest diameter, on shoulder, and at base of neck. Downturned rim with slight groove at inner edge. Neck: ivy garland running right, with white dot rosettes and white wavy main stem. Shoulder:ivy garlandwith dot rosettes, running right. Upper register of body: alternating panels of checkerboardand concentric rectangles. Lower register:four spearheadnecklaces (parts of three preserved)with thick band dotted across top, incised zigzag connecting pendants with band, fronds hanging down between necklaces. Shiny black glaze. Similar necklace: 582 and 1270. 250-210 1172 (P 23050) Fig. 72, P1.85 M-N 15:1 (4) PH. 11.5; rest. Diam. 10.1. Half of foot and two-thirds of lower body restored; upper part missing. Flaring foot; flat restingsurface;convex underside. Scraped groove at junction of foot and body. Lower body hollow. Scraped groove at greatest diameter. White band above foot. Vertical lines or ribs on lower body, with white band at top. Above scrapedgroove, alternatingpanels of checkerboardsand concentric rectangles, the latter incised. Shiny black glaze. For lines on lower body cf. 1344. 225-210?

POURING VESSELS FOR OTHER OR UNKNOWN LIQUIDS DOUBLECRUET CLASSICALTYPE

1173 (P 30928) Fig. 72, P1.86 R 13:11 P.H. 6.6; Diam. 12.1. Spouts, handle, and half of top missing, including finial. Low, broad-based foot with outwardly beveled resting surface; underside and resting surface reserved. Squat body with offset just above point of greatest diameter. Domed upper body with groove at base, at shoulder,and around finial at top. Traces of two spouts. On shoulder, tongues; on top, row of black dots and laurel wreath running right. Dull black glaze. For laurel pattern on askoi see OlynthusV, nos. 401, 403, 404, 407, pp. 172-173, pl. 140; for tongues see OlynthusV,

nos. 85, 87, pp. 85-86, pl. 59 and Olynthus XIII, nos. 457, 459, 460, pp. 258-259, pls. 173, 174. 350-325 1174 (P 30929) Fig. 72, P1.86 R 13:11 P.H. 7.5; Diam. 10.5. Half of bottom, one-sixth of wall, handle, one spout and mouth of the other missing. Foot as 1173. Squat lower body with groove at point of greatest diameter. Groove at base of upper body. Knob surroundedby ridge on top. Remainingspout had semicircular mouth. Handle attachmentflanked by knobs. Tongue pattern on lower body, laurel wreath running right on upper body. Lustrousblack glaze; miltos on underside.

356

CATALOGUE

For shape of mouth and for knobs flanking handle attachment cf. 1176. 350-325 1175 (P 20989) P1.86 AgoraXXVII, no. 125, p. 184, pl. 41. O-R 7-10 P. Diam. 7.6. Upper body and base of one spout. Pointed upper body topped with knob. Laurel wreath running right on lower body, running spiral on upper body. Red glaze. Shape of upper body close to 1176. For spiral on askoi see OlynthusV nos. 86-90, pp. 85-86, pl. 59; OlynthusXIII, nos. 458, 461, pp. 259-260, pls. 173, 174. Anotherwith similar pattern and shape was found in the debris of Building Z-3 at the Kerameikos. 325-300 1176 (P 19222) Fig. 72, P1.86 Bovon and Bruneau 1966, no. 27, p. 138; MdtionV, p. 82. D 16:1, lower fill P.H. 9.1; Diam. 9.8. Parts of body, handle, one spout and part of the other missing. Low, broad-basedfoot with flat restingsurfacebeveled to inside; slightly nippled underside; underside and resting surface reserved. Onion-shaped body with point of greatest diameter fairly low and marked by glazed groove. Ridge at two-thirds height, where chambers join. Semicircular mouth. Knobs flank handle attachment. Shiny black glaze. For shape cf. 1175; for mouth cf. 1174. Cf. Bovon and Bruneau 1966, no. 30, p. 138, fig. 15, from Delos. 325-300 HELLENISTIC TYPE

1177 (P 12206 a, b) Fig. 72, P1.86 Bovon and Bruneau 1966, no. 3, p. 132; MidionV, p. 80. Area H 12, lot Z 345 (context of first half of 2nd century) P.H. (a) 5.5; max. p. dim. (b) 4.4. Top and lower part of one spout (a) and part of top (b). Top gently domed, with finial surroundedby ridge. Lower body bulges out below scraped groove at point where two chambers meet. Grapevine with white dot rosettes on upper body; olive garland on lower body and around base of spout. Dull black glaze. For similar grapevine see 139 and 1265. 285-260 1178 (P23041) Fig. 72, P1.86 Bovon and Bruneau 1966, no. 5, p. 132; M6ddon V, p. 80. M-N 15:1 (4) P.H. 6.7. Upper chamberand base ofspouts preserved;finialchipped. Low body with small knob. On top, orange rays alternating with white rays on one side, with incised rays on the other. Spearhead necklace below, incised line below it on one side. Tips of orange and white rays preservedon lower body White band around one spout, incised line around the other. Dull black glaze. For similar necklace see 213, 258, 357, and 358. 250-225

PI. 86 1179 (P 1889) Bovon and Bruneau 1966, no. 4, p. 132; MMdonV, p. 80. Area I-J 13, probably from Middle Stoa Building Fill (H-K 12-14) PH. 5.6; max. p. dim. 9.6. Half of upper body and part of one spout preserved. High upper body. Two scraped grooves atjunction of upper and lower body. Spiral wave pattern running right on upper body, with dolphins above; olive(?) garland on lower body. Metallic black glaze. Fordolphins in this position see Alt-AginaII, i, no. 493, p. 70, pl. 38. 225-200 1180 (P5798) Fig. 72, P. 86 Bovon and Bruneau 1966, no. 2, p. 132; MtdbonV p. 80. E 14:1, lower fill P.H. 13.3; restored H. 16.0; Diam. 11.5. Part of one spout and part of mouth of the other, handle, and top of body restored. Flaringfoot with beveled restingsurface;pointed underside. Rounded lower body curves in to meet highly domed upper body at scraped groove. One spout has trefoil mouth. Olive garland running right on lower body, incised hoops with white dot within and white dot rosettes above alternate with leaves on upper body. The pattern rests on five alternating orange and white lines. Orange lines around base of spouts. Shiny black glaze. For vessels with similar incised hoops cf. 212 and 570. For shape cf. Watzinger 1901, no. 33, pp. 82-83 = Bovon and Bruneau 1966, no. 6, p. 132, fig. 2. 225-200 1181 (P 18747) P1.86 M21:1 PH. 12.0. Spout of upper chamber and base of handle. Round mouth; ridge flanked by scraped grooves below rim. Handle attachment flanked by pellets decorated with asterisk with white dot at center. Traces of orange on neck, white on body. Shiny black glaze, mostly missing. For pellet cf. Bovon and Bruneau 1966, no. 26, p. 138, fig. 13. Probablybefore 200 1182 (P 23300) Fig. 72, P1.86 Bovon and Bruneau 1966, no. 1, p. 132, fig. 1; MedeonV, p. 80. M-N 15:1 (2) P.H. 14.8; Diam. 11.8. Pieces of body, handle, and parts of both mouths missing; no wear on resting surface. Flaring foot; beveled resting surface; convex underside. Steeply sloping lower body curves in to meet tall upper body, with scraped groove at point ofjunction. Knob on top. Spout of upper chamber is trefoil; spout of lower chamber is round. Pseudo bead and reel on lower body; spearhead necklace with double band and ties at ends on upper body; around base of spouts, olive garland running right with ties at ends. White overpaintingon band of necklace and stems of garlands;white dots at tips of pendants and olive leaves. Metallic black glaze, brown below. Olive garland on spout also occurs on P 20186 (P-R 6-12). 200-150

POURING VESSELS FOR OTHER OR UNKNOWN LIQUIDS FILTER JUG WHEELMADE

1183 (P 23057) Fig. 73, PI. 87 M-N 15:1 (4) P.H. 5.2; est. Diam. of rim 8.5. Part of mouth, strainer,and shoulder. Broad mouth with low, incurved rim. Wide convex strainer with many holes. Trace of spout attached below bulge of rim. Dull black glaze, shiny inside. Mid-3rd century? 1184 (P233) Fig. 73, P1.87 H 6:4 Rest. H. 11.8; est. Diam. of body 9.8. Over half of wall and most of mouth restored, including all of rim; end of spout missing. Low, flaring foot; slightly beveled resting surface; convex underside. Incurved rim. Convex strainer with eight holes around outside. Strap handle concave to outside. Shiny glaze, mottled brown to black and peeling. 250-200 1185 (P 25440 a, b) Fig. 73, P1.87 0 16:3 P.H. (a) 9.9, (b) 1.7; Diam. of body 10.4. Most of mouth and upper body, with spout and handle (a); nonjoining fragment of foot (b). Two shallow glazed grooves on upper shoulder. Incurved rim; strainer with five holes around outside and one in center. Strap handle concave to outside. Dull green-to-black glaze, interior unglazed. Fragmentofa strainerfrom a contemporarydeposit:P 14294 (N 20:7, lower fill). Shape close to 1186 and 1187; pattern of holes in strainer as 1187-1189. 200-175 1186 (P 17168) Fig. 73, P1.87 A-B 19-20:2, Layer I P.H. 9.5; Diam. of body 8.8. Handle, rim, and end of spout missing. Rounded resting surface, worn; convex underside. Two grooves on upper shoulder. Strainer with four holes around edge and one in center. Shiny black glaze. Body shape similar to 1185 and 1187. 200-175 1187 (P 16731) Fig. 73, P1.87 Area B 20, 2nd-century context, with amphora handles SS 9441-SS 9445, SS 9614-SS 9621 (no lot) P.H. 12.6; Diam. of body 10.2. Rim, end of spout, and chips of handle missing. Rounded resting surface; pointed underside. Groove on shoulder. Strainer with five holes around sides and one in center. Strap handle concave to outside. Dull to shiny glaze, mottled black to brown, much missing. Shape as 1185 and 1186; pattern of holes in strainer as

1185, 1188, and 1189. 200-175? 1188 (P 22553) P-R 6-12 P.H. 5.3. Spout, strainer,and part of mouth.

Fig. 73, P1.87

357

Two grooves on neck and two below lip. Sharply incurved rim, flat on top. Strainer with five holes around edge and one in center. Metallic black glaze. Pattern of holes as 1185, 1187, and 1189. 175-150 1189 (P3161) Fig. 73, PI. 87 F 9:2, lower fill Half of mouth, end of spout, and handle missing. H. 15.0; Diam. of body 10.2. Heavy, widely flaring foot; curved resting surface; pointed underside. Two grooves on upper body. Incurved rim nearly flat on top, with groove at edge. Strainerwith five holes around sides and one in center. Shiny black and brown glaze. Nearly identical: P 18866 (R 21:2, lower fill in cistern). Cf. AkEr 23, 1968, B' 1 [1969], p. 66, pl. 34:a. Pattern of holes in straineras 1185, 1187, and 1188. 150-100 1190 (P 14423) Fig. 73, P1.87 M 20:1, middle fill P.H. 10.9; Diam. of body 10.7. Lower body and strainer missing; one-third of upper body, part of rim, and spout restored. Two grooves on shoulder. Flaring, straight-walledmouth with groove below lip on inside. Double-grooved strap handle. Micaceous, light reddish brown fabric (5YR 6/4); shiny black glaze outside only. Possiblyimported. 100-86 MOLDMADE

1191 (P6050) Fig. 73, Pl. 87 Area E 15 Rest. H. 12.4; Diam. of body 11.3. Three-fourthsof foot, end of spout, and all of rim restored; one fragment of wall missing. Foot curves out strongly, almost horizontal at bottom; curved resting surface; flat underside. Lower third of body is wheelmade, curving in to moldmade upper part. Two grooves below neck. Straight-walledmouth. Small flat strainer with four holes around edge and one in center. Double-grooved strap handle. Moldmade wall: long petals alternate with jeweling, with band ofjeweling between ridges below, at junction with wheelmade body. Made in worn mold. Dull reddish brown glaze. 100-86 1192 (P4196) Area C-G 13-16 Max. p. dim. 7.6.

Fig. 73, PI. 87

Strainerand partof shoulderandlowerneck. Tworidgesbelowneck.Flatstrainerwithfourholesaround sidesandone in center.Moldmadebodywithimbricatesmall leavesor ferns.Shinybrownglaze. 100-86 1193 (P 25536) Fig. 73, P1.87 E 10:1 P.H. 5.7; est. Diam. of body 14.0. Foot and part of lower body Low foot with two grooves on outer face; beveled resting surface, irregularly concave underside. Wheelmade lower body runs smoothly into moldmade upper body, with groove and ridge at point of junction. Long petals alternating with

358

CATALOGUE

jeweling topped by indistinct motif. Shiny black glaze, red underneath, unglazed inside. For molded decoration cf. P 15736, P 14471 (M 20:1, lower fill), P 3124, P 3661 (AgoraXXII, nos. 336, 338, 339, 341, pp. 84-85, pls. 61, 87). 100-86 FEEDER

1194 (P 1987) Fig. 73, P1.87 AreaJ 13, context of before ca. 175 (no lot) PH. 3.2; est. Diam. of body 6.0. Over half of upper body restored;lower handle and bottom missing, end of spout chipped. High shoulder, plain hole mouth. Strap handle. Tapering spout 90 degrees left of handle. Shiny black glaze inside and out. 3rd or early 2nd century 1195 (P 13498) Fig. 73, P1.87 G 5:3, lower fill H. 6.1; Diam. of body 7.5. Handle and part of foot restored;end of spout chipped. Flaring ring foot; curved resting surface;pointed underside. Ovoid body with high shoulder. Simple round mouth surrounded by scraped groove. Double handles, dividing at top. Spout at ca. 100 degrees left of handle. Dull black glaze inside and out; finger markson lower body. Context of 175-150 1196 (P 31933) Fig. 73, P1.87 F 15:2 (Group E) PH. (without handle) 5.2. Spout, part of upper body, and all of lower body missing. Body a flattened sphere. Hole in top surroundedby groove. Strap handle. Dull black glaze inside and out. 150-110 RINGVASE/FEEDER

1197 (P 26559) P1.87 17:9 Q P.H. 2.9; Diam. of body 9.8. Filler missing;three holes in wall. Round tube with filling device and tiny spout. Other filling devices could have been attached at two breaks around body. Dull brown glaze inside and out. Late 2nd to 1st century CANTEm RECTANGULAR

1198 (P 28084 a, b) Fig. 74, P1.88 Stella G. Miller 1974, no. 22, p. 231, pl. 31. F 16:8 (a) PH. 6.7; P.W. 15.2; Diam. of rim 7.1; (b) PL. 24.0; P.W.12.8. Two nonjoiningsectionspreservingmouth and both handles (a) and part of concave face and two sides (b). Body with one concave and one convex face, with convex sides. Shape is a slightly squared oval. Thin neck widening to cup mouth with torus lip. Loop handles approximately round in section, tucked under spreading mouth. Micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 7/6) with large red, white, and brown inclusions in fabric of concave side only; shiny black glaze with patches of red and green. For shape of mouth cf. 1202. 300-275

1199 (P 29098) P1.88 Q6:5 PH. 7.0; PW. 14.0. Handles, neck, and one shoulder preserved. Shoulderalmost a right angle. Loop handles, oval in section, tucked under spreading mouth. Micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 7/4); metallic black glaze, red on interior. 300-275 1200 (P 28085 a-c) Fig. 74, P1.88 Stella G. Miller 1974, no. 23, p. 231, pl. 31. F 16:8 (a) P.L. 22.0; P.W.22.0; (b) P.L. 16.0; (c) PH. 5.5; Diam. of rim 6.2. Large piece of body, preserving parts of both faces, partially restored (a); part of convex face and edge (b); neck and mouth (c). Body with one concave and one convex face; probably rectangularwith rounded edges. Thin neck with cup mouth, angular to exterior; plain, flaring rim. Very soft, micaceous, light red fabric (2.5YR 6/6); dull red glaze, peeling, with some black areas. Ca. 275 1201 (P26261) Fig. 74, P1.88 M 18:10 L. 32.0; W. 22.7. Most of concave face and parts of rest of body restored. Rectangular body with strongly concave and convex faces; convex face probably wheelmade. Rim outturned, concave and offset to outside. Strap handles. Micaceous, light reddish brown fabric (5YR 6/4); shiny black glaze. 225-200 ROUND

1202 (P 31060) Fig. 74, PI. 89 Rotroff 1983, no. 18, p. 285, fig. 10, pl. 52. H 6:9, north chamber,upper fill PH. 7.0; est. Diam. of rim 8.0. Neck and mouth preserved;much of rim chipped away. Wheel marks visible on interior of body, which may have been round. Fairlythick neck. Cup mouth, angular to outside; torus rim with top sloping inward. Thick handles, probably round in section. Micaceous, hard, gritty, light red fabric (2.5YR 6/6); shiny black glaze, red inside. Shape of mouth as 1198. 300-275 1203 (P 5940) Fig. 74, PI. 89 E 14:1, lower fill L. 29.2; Diam. of body 25.7, of rim 6.5. Partsof body and rim restored. Round body. Upper, convex face of body wheelmade. Concave face nearlyflat, probablywheelmade. Mouth angular to outside; outturned rim, convex on top. Thick strap handles. Micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (7.5YR 7/6); metallic black glaze. 250-200 1204 (P 21055 a, b) Fig. 74, Pls. 89, 147 H-K 12-14 Est. Diam. of body 17.0; Diam. of rim 4.6; max. p. dim. (b)7.2.

POURING VESSELS FOR OTHER OR UNKNOWN LIQUIDS Neck and rim, with part of concave face of body and side (a);part of concave face, with stamp (b). Wheelmade, with round body. Thin neck. Outturned rim, rounded on top. Strap handles. Stamp ]ANONQ [ on concave face. There is a slight vertical stroke above the second-to-last letter,which could be interpreted as the vertical stroke of a '1. Micaceous, light reddish brown fabric (5YR 6/4); shiny black glaze. Ca. 200?

359

One side, from toe to shoulder, and part of other side preserved. Body apparently triangular,coming to a point at bottom. Micaceous, light red fabric (2.5YR 6/6); dull to metallic red glaze. For another type of triangular canteen see De Juliis and Loiacono 1985, no. 323, p. 279. 250-200 UNCERTAIN SHAPE

1205 (P 25554 a-i) Fig. 74, P1.89 G 5:3, lower fill PH. (a) 5.1; est. Diam. of body 27.0; Diam. of rim 5.6; largest fragment of body, max. p. dim. 11.5. Mouth, with stubs of handles (a), and eight nonjoining sections of concave face (not illustrated). One piece from edge of body shows canteen was round; nearly flat concave face. Mouth concave to inside; thickened rim, rounded on top. Strap handles. One body fragment preservesend of rectangularstamp with part of letter. Micaceous, light red fabric (2.5YR 6/6), similar in appearance to that of 1210; shiny black glaze. Ca. 200? 1206 (P 13690) Pls. 89, 147 G 5:3, lower fill L. 32.3; Diam. of body 27.1, of rim 7.2. Handles and much of body restored. Round body, with both convex and concave faces wheelmade. Thin neck. Broadly outturned rim, angular profile below rim on exterior. Handles attached well below mouth. Stamped in center of concave side, within rectangle, with bottom towards mouth of canteen: [A].po0eou. Light red fabric (2.5YR 6/6); metallic black glaze. Similar: P 31743 (AgoraXXVII, no. 227, p. 198, ill. 42, pl. 51 [Q 8-9]). Same stamp: 1209. Same name, different stamp: 1210. For shape cf. AeX-T22, 1967, B' 1 [1968], p. 59, pl. 76:y, from Athens. A closely similar stamp appears on Rhodian amphora handles, identifying a fabricant: cf. AvP VIII, ii, no. 1013, p. 460, froma deposit ofca. 205-175. Many instances are known; for photographs see SalamineIII, no. 43, p. 27, I, no. 45, p. 23. fig. 48; Kition-Bamboula 190-175 1207 (P 28924) Fig. 74, P1.89 P 6:3 PH. 7.3; est. Diam. of body 26.0; Diam. of rim 5.4. Mouth, neck, handles, and shoulderpreserved;rim chipped. Body probably round; wheel marks visible inside. Long, thin neck. Deep mouth with downturned rim, angle below rim outside. Strap handles from middle of neck to shoulder. Micaceous, light reddish brown fabric (5YR 6/4); metallic black glaze. The sharpangle ofthe neck is paralleledon a plain-wareamphora from the Serce Limani wreck; cf. Pulak and Townsend 1987, p. 47, fig. 21. Late Hellenistic? TRIANGULAR

1208 (P 6285) E 14:1, lower fill PL. 17.2; P.W.12.5.

P1.89

1209 (P 18261) P1. 147 Area C-D 16-17 Max. p. dim. 5.2. Fragmentof body. Nearly flat. [A
1210 (P 10806) P1. 147 Iliffe 1939, p. 46. H 12:1 Max. p. dim. 9.4. Fragmentof wall. Slightly concave; no sign of wheel marks. Very fresh stamp Aopo0[eou] in rectangle with curved corners. Very micaceous, light red fabric (2.5YR 6/6), similar in appearance to that of 1205; shiny black glaze. Same name but differentstamp on 1206 and 1209. 200-175

1211 (P 26676) P1. 147 Area A 16-17, lots IIA 122, IIA 123 (late Hellenistic to early Roman context) Max. p. dim. 5.9. Fragmentof wall. Nearly flat wall, very rough on interior. Stamped within rectangle: ['HpaxXe;l]rT. Very micaceous, light red fabric (2.5YR 6/6); metallic black glaze. Stamp may be restored from a complete piece in the National Museum, with same stamp (NM 2235). For another instance of this stamp see Charitonides 1981, A. 299, p. 183, fig. 6:a, pl. 37:aT. A closely similar stamp is known from an unpublished Koan amphora handle from Mirmeki. 225-175?

1212 (P 23073) PI. 147 M-N 15:1 (1) Max. p. dim. 4.4. Fragmentof wall. Nearly flat wall, with stamp within irregular sunken area with curved end: t.X[.Micaceous, light reddish brown fabric (5YR 6/4); metallic blackglaze outside, with some dribbledon inside. The stamp NXcovis preserved on two 4th-century vases: a hydria of non-Attic type in Mainz (CVA,Mainz 1 [Germany 42], pl. 44 [2057]:8-10) and a pelike from Kerch (Zahn 1908, p. 72, note 30a). A laterpotter ofthe same name is known from a long-petal bowl from the Black Sea region (Zahn 1908, no. 35, p. 72). 200-150

360

CATALOGUE

1213 (P 22909) Fig. 74, PI. 89 H-K 12-14 Diam. of rim 2.6; P.W.6.1. Most of mouth, handles, and small part of body preserved. Thin neck projects from concave body at ca. 45-degree angle. Flaringrim, flaton top. Two straphandles on either side of neck, tucked beneath rim. Collar runs between handles on one side. Deep scrapedgroove at base of collar. Pairof painted

lines at top and at middle of collar making two registers,both with incised lattice. Micaceous, pink fabric (7.5YR 7/4); shiny black glaze. Possibly an oil askos rather than a canteen: cf. ApolloniaI, nos. 239-243, pp. 141-142, fig. 57, pl. 63; Winter 1984, no. 91, pp. 216-221, pl. 3. For other instances of incised lattice see 353, 443, 835. 225-175

COVERED TOILET VESSELS PYXIS TYPEB CLASSICAL Lids 1214 (P 17517 a-c, P21112) Fig. 75, PI. 90 B 20:7, upper fill, and B 18:13, unknown depth P.H. (a) 9.4, (b) 10.5; est. Diam. 46.0; max. p. dim. (c) 9.2 (d, P21112) 11.2. Four nonjoining sections preserving slightly less than half of circumference of flange (a, b), part of edge of dome (c), and section of cylinder (a, b, d). (Only fragments b and c are illustrated.) Outer part of upper surface of flange reserved, with deep groove and stamped ovolo. At base of dome, reserved band with black ovolo, two grooves below. Dull to shiny glaze, black to green; miltos. For painted ovolo cf. Kopcke 1964, no. 16, p. 27, pl. 12:2. Paintedovolo in this position is common on red-figuredpyxides of Type C: Talcott and Philippaki 1956, nos. 138-140, 143145, pp. 35-37, pl. 11. For stamping cf. Kopcke 1964, nos. 1, 6, 10, pp. 26-27, pls. 9:1, 12:1. 350-300? 1215 (P 22962) P1.90 M-N 15:1 (1) Max. p. dim. 9.9. Single large fragment from top of lid. Dome divided into two zones by raised, reservedband with stamped egg and dart between grooves, with a ridge below. Above dividing band, a kernos sits on a mound, a branch or sheaf of wheat tied to either side (ties visible at bottom of branches). Another branch to left and to right. Below dividing band: bunch of grapes on arched stem. Lustrousblack glaze, trace of gilding. For stamped ovolo in this position cf. Kopcke 1964, nos. 1, 6, pp. 26-27, pls. 9:1, 12:1; Kotitsa 1994, pp. 37, 46-47, figs. 47:d, 49. The object on the mound can be identified by comparison to kernoi on coins (Svoronos, pl. 104:21-23) and tokens (IL 646 [AgoraX, L 204, pp. 105-106, pl. 26]), which often have branches tied to either side. See also the image incised on the bottom of a Hellenistic lamp (L 1441 [AgoraIV no. 558, p. 138, pl. 24]). 350-300?

Flange with concave surfaces,thickened at edge. Groove at top of reserved face of flange, with ovolo stamped below. One groove at outer edge of top surface of flange, two grooves and deep reserved groove at inner edge, surroundingdome. Trace of paint on lid, probably a tendril and a dot rosette. Lustrous greenish black glaze; miltos. For stamping cf. Kopcke 1964, no. 4, pp. 26-27, pl. 10:3. 350-300? 1217 (P 20425) Fig. 75 Area D 15-16, lot 00 575 (4th- and 3rd-centurycontext) PH. 6.0; est. Diam. 20.0; max. p. dim. 10.0. Part of dome, flange, and cylinder preserved. Flange has thickened edge; face reservedwith two grooves. Reserved band with two grooves surrounds dome. Lustrous black-to-greenglaze. Late 4th to early 3rd century? 1218 (P 14559) Fig. 75, PI. 90 Area A-E 16-23 Est. Diam. 16.0; max. p. dim. 5.4. Part of dome, flange, and cylinder preserved. High dome. Flange thickened at edge, with stamped ovolo on reserved face. Dome: volute garland running right, with white dots within tendrils (now missing). Lustrousblack glaze. For stamped ovolo in this position cf. Kopcke 1964, no. 4, pp. 26-27, pl. 10:3. For garland cf. 143 and 1144. 290-275 Body(TypeB orTypeC) 1219 (P20888) Fig. 75 AgoraXII, p. 328, under no. 1304. D 17:3 P.H. 5.5; Diam. 12.9. Upper body and pieces of foot and flange missing; center of floor and one-fourth of lower body restored. Very battered. Molded foot with scrapedgroove between moldings; grooved restingsurface,reserved. Thick flangewith two grooves in face, which was probably glazed. Shiny black glaze. Cf. Kopcke 1964, no. 22, p. 28, pl. 14. Late 4th to early 3rd century? HELLENISTIC: EARLY

1216 (P 20289) Fig. 75, P1.90 P-R6-12 P.H. 3.8; est. Diam. 33.0; max. p. dim. 9.5. Fragment of flange with part of dome.

LidandBody 1220 (P 30937 a, b) Fig 75, P1.90 Rotroff 1991, no. 3, p. 69, pl. 14; Kotitsa 1994, p. 48, figs. 50:f, 51.

PYXIS R 13:9 Body (a): PH. 8.3; Diam. 13.9. Lid (b): PH. 7.1, Diam. 15.5. Body: over half of flange, most of upper wall, and all of rim missing Lid: piece of flange, all of rim, and lower part of cylinder missing; part of cylinder restored. Body has molded foot with scraped groove between moldings and in resting surface; irregular,nippled underside. One to two scraped grooves at top of lower body. Flange has thickened edge, its face reserved. Lid has flange with scraped grooves in face, pierced with two holes. Two scraped grooves and two ridges surround dome, which is divided into three zones by moldings and scraped grooves. Center of dome slightlyconvex. Painteddecoration on lid only. Dome: in outer zone, cornucopia with white body alternating with bunch of grapes; in inner zone, ivy garland with dot rosettes. Cylinder: grapevine running right with dotted tendrilsfilled in with white. Shiny black glaze, red inside body; miltos. BracketLeaf Group. Forbunches of grapes cf. 89; for cornucopia cf.Jacopi 1932, no. 13868, pp. 124-125, fig. 7. Fordivision of dome into zones cf. Macridy 1911, p. 198, fig. 10 on p. 200. Ca. 275 WestSlopeLids 1221 (P 14796) Fig 75, P1.90 U 26:1 PH. 6.8; Diam. 16.7. Pieces of flange and most of cylinder missing. Scraped groove in face of flange. Ridge flanked by scraped groovessurroundsdome. Center ofdome concave, with nipple, surrounded by deep scraped groove. Dome: three pairs of antithetical dolphins leaping over spiral wave pattern based on two lines with white dots between them. Waves filled in with white below. Cylinder: spearhead necklace on one side, charm necklace on other, both with single bands with white dots across the top. Charms hang from double chains and alternate with double chains. Flange: ivy garland. Dull red glaze on top of dome, shiny black elsewhere, underside of flange partly unglazed; miltos. 275-265 1222 (P5742) Fig. 75, P. 90 E 14:1, lower fill H. 6.5; Diam. 10.3. Half of cylinder and parts of flange and dome restored. Groove in face of flange, which was perhaps reserved. Scraped groove around base of dome and around convex center of dome. Dome: ivy garland. Cylinder: olive garland running right. Shiny black glaze. 275-265? 1223 (P 26327) Fig. 75, P1.90 Rotroff 1991, no. 40, p. 76, pl. 24. Provenience unknown PH. 1.7; max. p. dim. 5.2. Single fragment of dome, broken all around. Flat on top, with scraped groove around edge. Concave at center. On dome, grapevine with rectangles of dots. Shiny black glaze outside, red inside. Dikeras Group. For garland cf. 461. 270-260

361

1224 (P 22931) Fig. 75, Pl. 90 Rotroff 1991, no. 23, p. 71, pl. 19. Area I 13, probably from Middle Stoa building fill (H-K 12-14) P.H. 4.0; est. Diam. 9.0. Two-thirdsof dome, one-thirdof flange, and part of cylinder preserved. Scraped groove in face of flange, groove at base of dome and around nippled central area. Dome: ivy garland with leaves painted in outline and white dot rosettes;no main stem. Shiny black-to-brownglaze. Edwards Group. For garland cf. 332 and Watzinger 1924, G 2, p. 68, pl. 50, probably by same hand. 275-265 1225 (P 7089) Fig. 75, P1.90 Rotroff 1991, no. 46, p. 80, pl. 26. P-R6-12 Rest. H. 6.8; P.H. 5.6; Diam. 9.9. Most of cylinder restored, including all of lower part and half of flange. Lightly scraped line on face of flange; scraped groove surrounds dome. Deep groove with scraped groove within it surrounds ridge and nipple at center of dome. Dome: torches alternate with bunches of grapes, each appearing three times. Cylinder:ivy garlandrunning right, with dot rosettes. Metallic brownish black glaze. Related to Dikeras Group. For similar motifs on a lekanis lid cf. 1308. 270-250? 1226 (P 11283) Fig. 75, P1.90 Rotroff 1991, no. 14, p. 70, pl. 17. B 13:8, upper fill Rest. H. 7.4; Diam. 11.6. About three-fourths of flange and small part of cylinder preserved;heavily restored. Wide, delicate flange. Ridge surrounds dome. Cylinder: grapevine running right. Flange: white dots along outer edge. Shiny glaze, black to orange, brown, and green. BracketLeaf Group. For garland cf. 415, an amphora by the same hand. Ca. 250 Lids Black-glazed 1227 (P 7370) Fig. 75, PI. 90 E 3:1 H. 4.8; Diam. 7.8. One piece of cylinder missing;small hole at center of dome. Scraped groove surroundsdome. Deep scraped groove and ridge around concave center. Hole in center of top made after firing, possibly for attachment of metal knob. Dull to shiny black glaze with red patches outside, red inside; miltos. 300-250 1228 (P 20521) Fig 75 N 20:4, fill II Rest. H. 8.0; rest. Diam. 14.5. About one-fourth preserved, center of dome missing, heavily restored. Scraped groove surrounds dome; trace of ridge around centerofdome. Shinyblackglaze, patch on insideleft unglazed unintentionally. 3rd century?

362

CATALOGUE

Bodies 1229 (P 27768) Fig. 75, PI. 90 H 16:7 H. 8.1; est. Diam. 9.9. Over half of body and rim missing. Flaring, lightly molded foot; grooved resting surface; concave underside. Offset below flange. Tapering flange. Dull red-to-brownglaze. 300-275 1230 (P 16150) Fig. 75, P1.90 K-L 18-20:1, west branch H. 6.2; Diam. 8.5. Most of cylinder and parts of flange restored. Molded foot with scraped groove between moldings and in resting surface; concave underside. Shallow lower body with straight wall, offset and scraped groove below flange. Shiny black glaze. 300-275? 1231 (P 10952) Fig. 75, P1.90 D 11:3, lower fill H. 8.5; Diam. 10.8. One-third of cylinder and small part of flange restored. Molded foot with scraped groove between moldings and in resting surface;pointed underside. Metallic black glaze. 275-250 1232 (P 20210) Fig. 75 AgoraXXVII, no. 228, p. 198, pl. 51. Q8-9 P.H. 4.0; Diam. 8.6. Foot and three-fourthsof lower body and flange preserved. Molded foot; beveled resting surface; nippled underside. Shallow lower body with straight wall and slight offset below flange. Reserved line on face of flange. Metallic black glaze; finger markson foot and lower wall; miltos. 250-200 1233 (P 28757) Fig. 75, PI. 90 P21:4 H. 5.2; est. Diam. 7.5. Half of lower body and three-fourthsof flange and cylinder missing. Molded foot with scraped groove between moldings only part way around; beveled resting surface; pointed underside. Offset at base of body; offset and scraped groove below flange. Shiny black glaze. 225-200 1234 (P 22924) Fig. 75, PI. 90 H-K 12-14 H. 6.4; rest. Diam. 8.5. Part of lower body, half of flange, and three-fourths of cylinder restored. Flaring foot; beveled resting surface; nippled underside. Fairlydeep lower body runs into flange with no offset. Shiny reddish brown glaze; finger markson foot and lower wall. 200-175 HELLENISTIC:LATE

Lids 1235 (P 11839) Rotroff 1991, no. 86, p. 90, fig. 19, pl. 35. N 19:1, upper fill (Group F)

Fig. 76, P1.91

Rest. H. 16.5; rest. Diam. 29.7. Top and over half of dome, flange, and cylinder restored. Scraped groove near bottom of cylinder. Scraped(?)groove at outer edge of upper surface of flange. Two scraped(?) grooves near bottom of dome and two around central area. Dome: trefoilgarlandwith alternatingorange and white petals, short white strokes as accents perpendicular to stem, and rows of white dots between trefoils. Cylinder: grapevine with large, stemless leaves, white wavy main stem, and dot rosettes. Flange: white diagonal lines. Metallic black glaze, brown on upper part of dome and inside, much missing. Large Leaf Group 1. Forgrapevine cf. 1273 and P 3371 (H. A. Thompson 1934, E 67, p. 402, fig. 91 [F 15:2]), probably by same hand. For trefoil garland in this position and white lines on flange cf. 1237. 120-86 1236 (P6010) Fig. 76, Pl. 92 Rotroff 1991, no. 89, p. 91, fig. 20, pl. 37. E 14:3 H. 15.1; rest. Diam. 24.7. Most of cylinder and flange and half of dome restored. Groove near bottom of cylinder. Very high dome with two scraped grooves at mid-height and two around sunken convex central area. Center of dome: teardrop asteriskwith alternating white and orange rays, surrounded by band of parallel,white radiatinglines. Upper register:ivy garlandwith large, stemless leaves, white wavy main stem and dot rosettes. Lower register: alternating white vertical lines and orange horizontallines. Cylinder:alternatingwhite and orange tears. Flange: white parallel lines. Metallic black glaze, red on top and inside. Large Leaf Group 1. For ivy garland cf. 490, 1275. For tears cf. 1238. Probably the lid of 1244, with which it was found. 120-86 1237 (P6011) Fig. 76, Pl. 92 Rotroff 1991, no. 91, p. 93, fig. 21, pl. 38. E 14:3 Rest. H. 11.6; rest. Diam. 22.3. One-third of flange, half of dome, and lower part of cylinder restored. Deep scraped groove at outer edge of upper surface of flange. Offset at base of dome, with two scraped grooves above;two scrapedgroovesaroundsunkenconvex centralarea. Center of dome: asteriskwith alternatingwhite wavy rays and orange teardrops. Dome: trefoilgarlandwith alternatingwhite and orange petals and rows of white dots. Cylinder: bead and reel (reel white). Flange: white diagonal lines. Metallic black glaze, red inside. Large Leaf Group 1. Trefoil garland and diagonal lines on flange as on 1235. 120-86 1238 (P 12163) Fig. 76, P1.92 Rotroff 1991, no. 103, p. 93, fig. 26, pl. 42. N 20:4, fill I P.H. 9.4; est. Diam. of rim 27.0. Segment of cylinder and trace of dome preserved; flange broken away.

363

PYXIS Scraped groove near bottom of cylinder. Dome: tips of leaves, probably of trefoil garland in orange and white. Cylinder: orange tears. Shiny black glaze. Large Leaf Group 3. For tears cf. 1236. 120-86 Bodies 1239 (P3361) Fig. 77, PI. 92 H. A. Thompson 1934, E 51, p. 397, fig. 85. F 15:2 (Group E) H. 20.3; Diam. 32.1. Parts of lower body and flange and half of cylinder preserved. Flat resting surface; slightly convex underside. Fairlyshallow lower body. High, sharply inclined, wheel-ridged cylinder with slight offset at base. Shiny red glaze, mostly missing. 130-110 1240 (P 13110) Fig. 77, Pl. 92 S 19:2, lower fill H. 11.4; Diam. 16.8. Piece of lower body and one-third of cylinder and rim missing. Weaklymolded foot; flat resting surface;convex underside. Deep lower body with slight offset at top. Groove in lower surface of flange. Low, steeply inclined cylinder with slight offset above flange. Dull black glaze, orange on lower exterior. 115-86 1241 (P 16400) Fig. 77, P1.93 F 19:3, lower fill H. 13.8; Diam. 21.3. Underside, two-thirdsof foot, parts of lower body, and most of cylinder and rim restored. Flat resting surface. Deep lower body. Low cylinder with inclined wall. Metallic black glaze. 115-86 1242 (P 14418) Fig. 77, P. 93 M 20:1, middle fill H. 13.2; Diam. 15.6. Part of lower body, flange, and cylinder restored. Flat resting surface; pointed underside. Deep lower body. Low, inclined cylinder slightly offset from flange. Alternating white and orange lines on top of flange. Shiny black glaze. 115-86 1243 (P5645) Fig. 77, P. 93 E 14:3 H. 8.0; Diam. 9.5. Part of edge of foot and half of cylinder and rim restored. Raised base, deeply concave underneath. Deep lower body. Groove in top surface of flange. Slightly inclined, concave cylinder with offset at base. Dull red glaze. 115-86 1244 (P6012) Fig. 77, PI. 93 E 14:3 P.H. 17.2; rest. H. 19.6; Diam. 24.3. Foot, half of lower body, and over half of flange, cylinder, and rim restored. Deep lower body with slight offset below flange. Tall cylinder with straight, inclined wall. Shiny red glaze, black on part of lower body.

Probablybody for 1236, with which it was found. 115-86 MOLDMADE FOOT

1245 (P 18315) P1.93 Area C 16-17 P.H. 6.5. Single foot with part of lower body. Moldmade lion's foot resting on two horizontal members. Front of leg is marked by diagonal lines on either side of shin forming a series of chevrons, pointing down. Flaring lower wall; flange at bottom of wall slopes down slightly. Shiny black glaze. Cf. Graefand Langlotz 1933, no. 1265, p. 106, pl. 90. 2nd century? TYPE C

1246 (P21053) H-K 12-14

Fig.77, P. 93

P.H. 5.2; rest. H. 6.5; rest. Diam. 11.0. Three-fourthsrestored, including all of foot. Convex underside. Shallow lower body. Concave upper body with flange at top to receive lid. Fairlythin, shiny black glaze. 350-300? TYPE D

1247 (P 20857) D 17:3

Fig.77, PI.93

H. 4.0; Diam. 3.8. Small chips missing. Concaveunderside, convex at center and reserved. Concave wall. Shiny black glaze with red patches. Cf. Schlorb-Vierneisel 1966, no. 170:1, p. 96, pl. 59:1. 300-250

1248 (P4581)

Fig.77

1249 (P6282)

Fig.77, PI.93

Area G 13, lot r 181 (5th-century context with Hellenistic intrusion) H. 3.7; Diam. 3.4. Half of lower body missing; rim badly chipped. Concave underside, reserved. Concave wall. Shiny brownto-tan glaze. 300-250 E 14:1, lower fill H. 5.3; Diam. at flange 4.4; weight 51.3 gr. Small pieces of wall missing. Concave underneath, reserved. Nearly straightwall. Shiny black glaze. 250-240?

1250 (P 9809)

Fig.77, P1.93

Lang 1956, no. 77, p. 18, pl. 4.

M 18:3

H. 1.0; Diam. 4.7; weight 19.3 gr. Part of rim missing Straight sides. Top of lid slightly concave at center. Shiny brownish black glaze outside only. Graffitoon top: A H-. If, as Lang suggests, 14 drachmas was the weight of the empty pyxis, the pyxis to which this lid belonged should have weighed between 39.5 and 42.3 grams (usingthe range of 4.24.4 for the Solonian drachma; see AgoraX, p. 4). But 1249,

364

CATALOGUE

slightly smaller in diameter and lacking a few chips, weighs 51.3 grams, suggesting that the body for 1250 would have weighed more than 14 drachmas. 300-240 1251 (P565) Fig. 77 G 14:2, middle fill, at 14.5 m. H. 0.9; Diam. 3.8. Intact. Sides and top slightly concave. Dull black-to-brownglaze outside and on lower surface of rim. Similar: P 17009, P 22492. 300-240 1252 (P571) H. A. Thompson 1934, B 16, p. 337, fig. 18. H 16:3, north chamber (Group B)

Fig. 77

H. 0.15; Diam. 4.2. Intact. Nearly straight sides, slightly convex top. Shiny black-togreen glaze outside only. Similar but smaller:P 729. 300-240 RELATEDPIECE

1253 (P20510) Fig. 77, P. 93 M 18:2 H. 12.2; Diam. at base 8.9. About one-fourth of wall and half of rim restored. Projectingfoot, slightlyconcave underneath. Straightsides. Rim inclined above slight flange. Thin, dull brownish black glaze, metallic underneath. Late 2nd to early 1st century

LE]KANIS HANDLELESS LEKANIS

1254 (P 7741) Fig. 78, P1.93 AgoraXII, p. 323, under no. 1241. E 3:1 H. 6.5; Diam. 16.2. Center of floor and parts of wall and rim restored. Broad-basedfoot with resting surfacereservedand beveled. Flange and rim area reserved. Shiny black glaze, red on underside;miltos. 300-250 1255 (P 7349) Fig. 78, P1.93 AgoraXII, p. 323, under no. 1241. E3:l H. 4.8; Diam. 10.9. Foot and rim chipped. Spreading, broad-based foot; glaze scraped away in middle of beveled resting surface; nippled underside. Light scraped groove in outer face of foot. Very rounded wall with scraped groove at base. Shiny black glaze. 300-250 1256 (P8585 a) Fig. 78 E 6:2, upper fill H. 3.8; Diam. 8.7. One-third of wall and rim missing. Flaring foot; flat resting surface;pointed underside. Angular body. Metallic brown glaze, mostly missing on outside. Found with 1305, but the two are not a pair. 115-86 1257 (P 8925) Fig. 78 M 20:1, middle fill H. 6.2; Diam. 13.7. Small chips missing; surface badly corroded. Flaring foot; rounded resting surface; convex underside. Angular body. Metallic black glaze. 115-86 1258 (P 14411) Fig. 78, P1.93 M 20:1, middle fill H. 6.0; Diam. 14.1. One-third of rim and part of wall restored.

Flaring foot; flat resting surface; nearly flat underside. Rounded body, flaring at top. Scraped groove at inner edge of flange. Shiny black glaze; finger marks on foot and lower wall. 115-86 1259 (P 4364) Fig. 78, P1.93 M 23:1, main chamber H. 14.4; rest. Diam. 28.7. Center of floor, over half of foot, parts of body, and twothirds of rim restored. Ring foot; flat resting surface. Deep body. Metallic-to-dull black glaze, brown stacking circle. 115-86 1260 (P20522) N 20:4, fill I PH. 4.9; est. Diam. 43.0. About one-sixth of rim preserved. Shallow body. Metallic black glaze. 115-86

Fig. 78

1261 (P 11832) Fig. 78, PI. 93 AgoraV, F 28, p. 13, pl. 64. N 19:1, upper fill (Group F) H. 9.0; rest. Diam. 25.4. Center of floor,one-fourth of foot, and three-fourthsof wall and rim restored. Angular foot; flat resting surface. Shallow body. Shiny red glaze with black areas; finger markson foot and lower wall. 86-10 1262 (P 21736) Fig. 78 AgoraV, p. 13, under F 28. R 10:1 H. 12.2; est. Diam. 26.0. Half of foot and small part of wall and rim preserved. High foot; flat resting surface, reserved or worn; convex underside. Deep body. Dull red glaze; finger marks on foot and lower wall. 86-10

LEKANIS REVERSIBLELID

1263 (P 19442) Fig. 78 AgoraXII, p. 323, under no. 1241. B 19:8 H. 5.0; Diam. 20.0. About one-fourth of knob and one-third of wall and rim missing. Two light grooves at base of knob. Top of raised edge of knob flat, reserved;center convex, with glaze missing at center (possibly a deliberatelyreservedcircle). Shiny black glaze with red patches, peeling, with resting surface of lid reserved. Ca. 350-300? 1264 (P 7731) Fig. 78 AgoraXII, p. 323, under no. 1241. E 3:1 H. 4.9; rest. Diam. 19.4. One-third of knob and most of wall and rim restored. Two scraped grooves at half height. Reserved band at junction of knob and wall. Flaring knob with deep groove in reserved top of raised edge; nippled center. Reserved depression in floor. Dull red glaze; miltos. 300-275 1265 (P 29100) Fig. 78, Pl. 94 Q6:5 H. 3.4; est. Diam. 17.0. Rim, three-fourthsof wall, and one-third of knob missing. Groove in wall above junction with rim. Scraped groove at junction of knob and wall. Angular knob with scraped groove in top of raised edge; slightly nippled center. Wall: grapevine with white, wavy main stem, orange leaves, tendrils, and dot rosettes. Shiny black glaze. Similar grapevine: 139 and 1177. 285-260 Ill. 1, Fig. 78, PI. 94 1266 (P7192) AgoraXII, p. 323, under no. 1241. D 11:2 H. 5.9; rest. Diam. 22.4. Half of wall and two-thirdsof rim restored. Straight wall with offset and scraped groove abovejunction to rim. Molded knob on low stem, with deep scrapedgroove in top of raised edge; flat center with nipple. Spearhead necklace on one side, charm necklace on the other. Both necklaces have thick band with row of dots across top and single ties at ends. Spearheadshave two dots at tips. Charms are suspended fromdouble chains and alternatewith double chains with three white dots at ends. Clusters of four dots, alternately in white and orange, in field above necklaces. Shiny black glaze with metallic patches, stacking circle; miltos. 275-250 1267 (P 10737) Fig. 78, PI. 94 under no. 1241. XII, 323, Agora p. F 5:1, middle fill P.H. 3.6; rest. Diam. 16.0. Rim and one-third of body missing;partially restored. Rim slightlyoffset from wall. Scraped groove at bottom and top of wall. Knob on low stem, with scraped groove in outer face; top of raised edge beveled to inside, with shallow scraped groove; pointed center. Depression in floor. Knob: sixteenrayed star with alternating white and orange rays. Wall: two spearhead necklaces. Single band overpainted with white line

365

and zigzags, single ties at ends. Indistinct motif in white between the two necklaces. Slightly metallic black glaze with red patch. Similar treatment of necklace: 237. Ca. 250? 1268 (P 16252) Fig. 78, P1.94 Rotroff 1994, p. 22, pl. 3:P. N 21:4, lower fill P.H. 3.8; rest. Diam. 14.3. Rim and two-thirdsof wall missing;partially restored. Slightly convex wall. Molded knob on low stem, with scraped groove between moldings and at junction with wall; scraped groove in top of raised edge; center convex. Knob: eight-rayedasteriskwith white dots between rays and at center. Wall:antitheticalpairs of dolphins spaced by white dot rosettes leap above spiral wave pattern based on two lines with row of dots between them; waves filled in with white below. Shiny to metallic brown glaze. Ca. 250? PI. 94 1269 (P 21066) Rotroff 1991, no. 48, p. 80, pl. 26. H-K 12-14 P.H. 3.1; Diam. of knob 5.8. Knob and part of wall preserved. Wall slightlyconvex, with scrapedgroove below knob. Plain ring knob with irregularlypointed center. Knob: eight-rayed asteriskwith alternatelywhite and orange tears between rays, white dot at center. Wall:alternating torch and double cornucopia (probablyoriginallyfour of each), with white dot rosettes between them. Torch has two white fillets on either side. Two fronds hang from either side of white cornucopia, which has three sproutsand two double hoops with white dots acrosstop. Very metallic black glaze. Related to Dikeras Group. Similar cornucopia on an earlier pot: 413. 250-200? 1270 (P 19208) Fig. 78, PI. 94 Area B 19, lot NN 572 (context ofca. 275 to early 2nd century) H. 5.2; est. Diam. 19.0. Slightly less than half preserved. Convex wall with scraped groove above junction with rim and at about half height. Flaring knob with top of raised edge beveled to inside; center convex. Knob: star with alternating pointed orange raysand roundedwhite ones, with plain orange rays intervening. Wall: spearhead necklaces festooned around wall (parts of four preserved). Incised zigzagsjoin pendants to double band (whiteand orange);white dots at tips of pendants. Row of white dots above scraped groove at mid-point of wall. Metallic black glaze outside, inside unglazed except at edge. Similar necklace: 582 and 1171. 250-200 1271 (P 14291) Fig 78, PI. 94 N 20:7, lower fill P.H. 7.9; est. Diam. 37.0. About one-sixth of wall and rim preserved; partially restored. Strongly convex wall with two scraped grooves at bottom and top. Wall: torch with grapevine on one side, ivy garland on the other. Torch has white horizontal lines and two white

366

CATALOGUE

fillets hanging down on either side. Garlandshave wavy stems overpainted white; leaves have no stems. White dot rosettes alternate with leaves of ivy garland. Row of white dots above scraped groove at bottom of wall. Shiny black glaze. For somewhat similar grapevine see 587 and 832. Ca. 200? 1272 (P 18760) Fig. 78, P1.94 M21:1 H. 6.8; rest. Diam. 19.2. About three-fourthsof rim and one-fourth of wall restored. Straight wall with scraped groove above rim, offset and scraped groove and at half height. Flaring knob, top of raised edge flat, center convex. Wall:wavy line punctuated by white dots, preserved on one side only. Sides divided by poorly executed incised panels of concentric rectangles. Dull glaze mottled red and black, mostly missing. Similar wavy line appears on 1665 and 1693 (imported). 200-175 1273 (P 3366) Fig. 79, PI. 95 H. A. Thompson 1934, E 62, pp. 400-401, fig. 89; Rotroff 1991, no. 84, p. 90, fig. 17, pl. 35. F 15:2 (Group E) H. 7.6; rest. Diam. 24.1. Three-fourths of wall and rim restored. Two scraped grooves at bottom and top of wall. Wall has slightly convex-concave profile and very angular rim. Flaring knob with scrapedgroove in top of raisededge; center pointed. Knob: eight-rayed star with alternating white and orange rays. Wall: grapevine with white wavy main stem, large leaves without stems. Between scraped grooves on wall, pseudo bead and reel, with white reel. Shiny to metallic blackglaze; miltos. Large Leaf Group 1. Probably by same hand: 1235; P 3371 (H. A. Thompson 1934, E 67, p. 402, fig. 91 [F 15:2]). Forshape cf. P 3365 (H. A. Thompson 1934, E 63, p. 402, fig. 90 [F 15:2]). Ca. 120 1274 (P 28442) Fig. 79, PI. 95 Rotroff 1991, no. 87, p. 90, pl. 35. P 20:2 H. 4.7; Diam. 12.8. About half of wall and rim restored. Two grooves at bottom and top of convex wall. Flaring knob; top of raised edge flat; center pointed. Wall: grapevine with white wavy main stem, leaves with no stems and white central ribs. Shiny black, slightly gritty glaze, brown underneath. Large Leaf Group 1. Ca. 120 1275 (P 11841) Fig. 79, PI. 95 AgoraV, p. 12, note 12; Rotroff 1991, no. 88, p. 91, pl. 36. N 19:1, upper fill (Group F) P.H. 5.3; rest. H. 6.8; rest. Diam. 19.8. Rim and about half of wall restored. Two grooves at bottom and top of wall, which has slightly concave-convex profile. Flaring, angular knob; top of raised edge lightly grooved; pointed center. Knob: eight-rayed asterisk with alternating white and orange rays. Wall:large ivy garland with white wavy main stem and white dot rosettes. Some leaves have no stems, some have white stems. Diagonal lines between grooves at bottom of wall. Shiny black glaze,

metallic with red stacking circle inside; finger marks on knob and upper wall. Large Leaf Group 1. For ivy garland cf. 490, 1236. 120-86 1276 (P 26035) Fig. 79, P1.95 Rotroff 1991, no. 95, p. 93, pl. 39. O 17:5 P.H. 3.8; Diam. of knob 6.9. Knob and part of body preserved. Two scraped grooves below knob, one at break. Flaring knob; top of raised edge concave; center pointed. Knob: fourpetaled flower or star with rows of white dots between petals and white dot at center. White diagonal lines between scraped grooves around knob. Wall:ivy garland with white wavy main stem. Leaveson incised stems are accented with white dots and alternatewith white dot rosettes. Very metallic blackglaze, red inside; finger markson knob and upper wall. Large Leaf Group 2. Cf. AvP XI, i, no. 248, p. 138, pl. 49, where this form of decoration seems to occur earlier. 120-86 1277 (P 31779) P1.95 Rotroff 1991, no. 94, p. 93, pl. 39. Area C-D 17-18 Max. p. dim. 7.6. Fragmentof upper wall. Scraped groove at top of fragment. Fragment divided into two zones by narrow scraped groove. Upper zone: alternating rounded and pointed lotus petals in white. Bordersof rounded petal outlined in incision; central rib is double incised line with row of dots; white zigzags on petal. Lower zone: ivy garland running right, with white main stem, orange leaves with white accents, on incised stems, alternating with white dot rosettes. Shiny black glaze. Large Leaf Group 2 Another with lotus petals: 1303. For white detail on leaves cf. 490, 1151. 120-86 1278 (P 15111) Fig. 79, PI. 95 Rotroff 1991, no. 96, p. 93, pl. 40. F 19:3, lower fill Rest. H. 10.4; rest. Diam. 30.0. Half of knob, including center, over half of wall, and all of rim restored. Convex wall with two grooves at bottom and top. Flaring knob with scraped groove in top of raised edge; convex center. Knob: eight-rayed asteriskwith alternating white and orange rays. Wall: ivy garlandwith white wavy main stem, leaves with incised stems alternating with white dot rosettes. Diagonal white lines between scraped grooves at bottom of wall. Shiny black glaze; miltos. Large Leaf Group 2. Similar ivy garland on Mottled Oliver lid: 1284. 120-86 1279 (P6006) Rotroff 1991, no. 93, p. 93, pl. 39. E 14:3 P.H. 11.1; rest. H. 11.7; rest. Diam. 32.0. Rim and parts of wall restored.

Fig. 79, PI. 96

LEKANIS Rim inclined. Concave wall with two scraped grooves at bottom and top. Knob convex to outside, with scraped groove in top of raised edge; slightlyconvex center. Knob: eight-rayed teardropasteriskwith alternatingorange and white rays. Wall: ivy garlandwith white wavy main stem, leaves on incised stems with elaborateincised tendrilsalternatewith white dot rosettes. Bead and reel between scraped grooves (white reel). Dull-tometallic black glaze; finger marks on knob and upper wall; miltos. Large Leaf Group 2. For bead-and-reel border on later lids see 1284. 120-86 1280 (P 12164) Fig. 80, Pl. 96 Rotroff 1991, no. 101, p. 93, fig. 24, pl. 43. N 20:4, fill II P.H. 7.8; rest. H. 9.5; rest. Diam. 33.5. All of rim and parts of wall restored. Slightly concave wall with two scraped grooves at bottom and top. Knob stronglyconvex to outside, with scrapedgroove in top of raised edge; slightly convex center. Knob: eightpetaled rosette with alternatingorange and white petals. Wall: four spearhead necklaces with incised double bands and ties, white dots at tips of pendants, and white zigzag on bands. A white dot rosette centered above each necklace. Bead and reel between scraped grooves at top of wall; row of white lozenges between scraped grooves at bottom of wall. Dull black glaze, red inside; finger markson knob and upper wall. Large Leaf Group 3. For similar decoration on a later lid see 1302. 120-86 1281 (P343) Fig. 80, P1.96 Area G 14 P.H. 7.4; est. Diam. 36.0. About one-sixth of rim and wall preserved. Convex wall with two scraped grooves near angular rim. Wall: wheat with main stem incised and painted white, white leaves. Orange heads on incised stems are accented with white dots and have incised beard. Alternating white and orange dots between scraped groove at edge of lid. Pseudo bead and reel with white reel on vertical face of rim. Shiny brown glaze, black inside. By the same hand: P 3368 (H. A. Thompson 1934, E 65b, p. 402, fig. 91 [F 15:2]). 120-100 1282 (P 14420) Fig. 79, P1.96 Rotroff 1991, no. 115, p. 101. M 20:1, middle fill P.H. 4.1; rest. H. 4.8; rest. Diam. 14.7. Knob and three-fourthsof wall and rim restored. Three grooves near bottom of wall, one near top. Trace of garland formed by large, overlapping dots on wall. Shiny black glaze with metallic patches, mostly missing on outside. Large Leaf Group 4. A similarpattern occurs on white-groundlagynoi: see 1511. 120-86 1283 (P 3690) PI. 96 AreaJ 19-20 P.H. 4.1; Diam. of knob 8.5. Knob and top of wall preserved. Two scraped grooves in wall. Flaring knob with scraped groove in top of raised edge; flat center. Knob: white central

367

circle surroundedby alternating white petals and orange palmettes; white elements outlined in orange. Row of white dots on body. Brown-to-red glaze, partly metallic, with stacking circle; miltos. Mottled Oliver? Decoration has parallel on a much earlier pot (413). 86-75? 1284 (P 5639) Fig. 80, PI. 97 E 14:3 H. 10.3; rest. Diam. 27.0. Three-fourthsof wall and rim restored. Slightly convex wall with two grooves at bottom and top. Rim inclined. Angular knob with groove in top of raised edge; nearly flat center. Knob: eight-rayed teardrop asterisk with alternating white and orange rays. Wall: large ivy garland with white wavy main stem, leaves on incised stems alternating with white dot rosettes. Bead and reel (white reel) between scrapedgroovesat bottom. Grainy,metallic red glaze; finger markson knob and upper wall. Mottled Oliver Closely similarand also Mottled Oliver but smaller:P 6007, from same context (Rotroff 1991, no. 92, p. 93, pl. 38). Bead and reel as border motif on other Mottled Oliver lids: 1288, 1291, 1292, 1294, 1295, 1298, 1301, P 4115, P 4141 a (H 15:2), P 4161, P 4162, P 6007. For this border on earlier lids see 1279. For similar garland on earlier lid see 1278. 86-75 1285 (P 6008) Fig. 80, P1.97 E 14:3 H. 4.9; Diam. 14.5. Most of rim and two-thirdsof wall restored. Low rim, inclined. Slightly convex wall with two scraped grooves at bottom and top. Knob strongly convex to outside, with scraped groove in top of raised edge; center deeply concave with nipple. Knob: eight-petaled flower with alternately white and orange petals. Wall: bead and reel; reel consists of three vertical white lines. Shiny red glaze with brown patches, mostly missing inside; finger markson knob and upper wall. Mottled Oliver. Cf. 350, 573, 574, and 1290 for similar decoration. 86-75 1286 (P 10870) Fig. 80, PI. 97 D 11:4, middle fill P.H. 5.4; rest. H. 6.8; Diam. 19.2. Center of knob, part of wall, and all of rim restored. Rim inclined. Slightly concave wall with two grooves at bottom and top. Flaring knob; top of raised edge flat. Knob: six-rayedteardrop asteriskwith alternating white and orange rays. Wall:lozenges with white dots at tips and in centers. Row of white dots between grooves at top and bottom of wall. Shiny black and red glaze. Mottled Oliver. 75-50 1287 (P 9103) Fig. 80, P1.97 D 11:1 H. 7.6; rest. Diam. 20.2. One-third of wall and over half of rim restored. Convex-concave wall with two grooves at bottom and top. Flaring knob; top of raised edge flat; flat center. Knob: three radiating tears. Wall: ghost of trefoil garland. Dots between

368

CATALOGUE

both pairs of grooves. Shiny glaze, mottled red to black, with discolored areas around voids. Mottled Oliver. Others with trefoil garland: 615, 1294, P 4170. 75-50 1288 (P 10897)

Fig. 80, P1.98

D 12:2,lowerfill

white) between grooves at top and bottom of wall. Dull red glaze; finger marks on knob and upper wall. Mottled Oliver. For others with bead-and-reel border see 1284. 50-10

1292 (P 11840) V,F 16,p. 12,pls. 1, 63. Agora

Fig 81, P1.99

P.H. 11.8; est. Diam. 35.0. Rim and half of body missing; partiallyrestored. Two grooves at bottom and top of wall. Low knob, strongly convex to outside; top ofraised edge flat; centerslightlyconvex. Knob: eight-rayed asteriskwith alternating orange and white rays. Wall: large myrtle garland with incised stems. Bead and reel (reel white) between grooves at top and bottom of wall. Dull brown glaze with stacking circle, red on knob; finger markson knob and upper wall. Mottled Oliver. For others with bead-and-reel border see 1284. 75-50

N 19:1, upper fill (Group F) H. 15.0; rest. Diam. 28.8. Half of body and rim restored. Angular rim inclined to inside. Very flaring body with two grooves at bottom and top. Angular knob with light groove in top of raised edge; slightly pointed center. Knob: white cross. Wall: olive swags with incised stems and large white ribbons tied at ends. Bead and reel (reel white) between pairs of grooves. Shiny red-to-brownglaze. Mottled Oliver. For others with bead-and-reel border see 1284. 50-10

PI. 97 1289 (P3565) Rotroff 1991, no. 97, p. 93, pl. 41. Area F 13 P.H. 7.1; Diam. of knob 8.4. Knob and part of upper wall preserved. Two grooves in wall. Flaring, angular knob with groove in top of raised edge; slightly pointed center. Knob: six-rayed asterisk with alternating white and orange rays. Wall: ivy garland with incised stems, white tendrils, and white accents on leaves. Running spiral between grooves. Metallic black glaze with brown stacking circle; finger marks on knob and upper wall. Formerlyplaced in Large Leaf Group 2 but probably Mottled Oliver. Ca. 50

1293 (P 8675 a-c)

1290 (P 18873)

Fig.80, PI.98

S 21:1, lower fill H. 10.5; est. Diam. 25.5. Chips of knob and two-thirdsof rim and upper wall missing; partially restored. Angular rim, inclined to inside, with slightly projectinglip. Sightly concave wall, with two grooves above rim, ridge and three grooves below knob. High knob, convex to outside; pointed center. Knob: traces of cross. Wall:ghost of bead and reel. Shiny red and black glaze with discolored areas around voids; finger markson knob and upper wall. Mottled Oliver. Fragmentof similarlydecorated lid: P 4116 (H 15:2). For bead and reel as main decoration see 1285. Ca. 50 1291 (P9069) AgoraV, F 17, p. 12, pl. 63. N 19:1, upper fill (Group F)

Fig. 81, P1.98

H. 19.6;Diam.33.5.

A few small areas restored. Rim strongly inclined to inside. Flaring, bell-shaped body with two grooves at bottom and top. High knob, convex to outside, with groove in top of raised edge; convex center. Knob: star with four thick orange rays and four thinner white rays. Wall: row of white dots on lower wall, sketchy white fronds, upside down, on upper wall. Bead and reel (reel

C 8:2

Fig. 81, PI. 98

H. 16.7; est. Diam. 32.5. Full profile preserved in three nonjoining fragments; most of wall and rim missing. Rim shgntly inclined to inside. Flaring body with two grooves at bottom and top. High knob, convex to outside, with top of raised edge rounded; center flat. Painted decoration preservedonly as ghost. Knob: five-pointedstar. Wall:undulatingolive garlandwith incised stem. Dots between grooves at top of wall; running dog between grooves at bottom of wall. Metallic red glaze; finger markson knob and upper wall. Mottled Oliver. Other lids with olive garland:P 4141 a, P 4168, P 4178 (the latter two probably fragments of a single lid). Running dog appears also on 1303. 50-10 1294 (P 17415 a-c) Fig. 81, P1.98 B 22:4, upper fill PH. 6.8; est. Diam. 27.0. Three nonjoining fragments preserve part of rim and wall (only fragment a illustrated). Rim concave to outside, slightly inclined. Flaring wall with two glazed grooves at bottom; rouletted band on wall above junction with rim. Wall: trefoil garland with white accents on stem. Bead and reel (reel white) between grooves at bottom of wall. Shiny-to-metallicred glaze. Mottled Oliver. Similar garland:615, 1287. For others with bead-and-reel border see 1284. 50-10

1295 (P 17789)

Fig.82, P1.99

Area B 19, late Roman context (no lot)

H. 21.8;rest.Diam.46.5. Mostof rim,upperbody,andhalfof knobrestored.

Angular rim strongly inclined to inside. Concave wall with two grooves below knob, one well above rim. High knob, convex to outside, with groove in top of raised edge; flat center. Knob: eight-rayedteardropasteriskwith alternatingwhite and orange rays. Wall:top of painted and incised motif (Isiscrown or elaborate lotus bud?); incised bird; two vertical feathers

LEKANIS or branches, in paint and incision, flanked by painted fronds bending to left and right, with traces of painted and incised motif below and to left; partiallypreserved painted Isis crown or lotus bud; incised bird; painted sistrum or lotus bud. Bead and reel (reel white) between pairs of grooves on wall. Shiny red glaze, badly peeled. For others with bead-and-reel border see 1284; for sistrum see 1296. 50-10 1296 (P9102) Fig. 82, Pl. 99 D 11:1 H. 17.3; rest. Diam. 33.8. Three-fourths of rim and lower wall restored. Nearly vertical rim, offset on inside. Slightly concave body with two grooves at bottom and top. High knob, stronglyconvex to outside; center and top of raised edge flat. Decoration visible only as ghost. Wall:sistrumand vertical scroll with two ribbons hanging from end. Diagonal lines between grooves above rim. Shiny,very micaceous red glaze. Mottled Oliver. Others with sistrum:1297, 1300, and possibly 1295. Others with scroll: 1297-1299. Forscroll cf. also B. F Cook 1976, p. 158, fig. 123 (a white-ground lagynos). 50-10 1297 (P 908) Fig. 82 H 16:1 H. 15.3; est. Diam. 30.0. Center of knob and three-fourthsof wall and rim missing. Inclined rim. Flaring wall with two grooves at bottom and top. High, angular knob; top of raised edge flat;center deeply recessed, flat. Knob: five-rayedstar. Wall: alternating sistrum and vertical scroll. Dots between grooves at top of wall. Very micaceous, dull red glaze; finger marks on knob and upper wall. Shape and decoration as 1296. 50-10 1298 (P 4159 a, b) Fig. 82 Area I 15, lot K 56 (Roman context) Est. Diam. 39.0; max. p. dim. (a) 18.6, (b) 9.3. Part of rim and wall (a);part of wall near rim (b). Rim inclined slightly to outside. Flaring body with two grooves at bottom. Wall: overlapping large dots placed vertically with two white ties hanging from end (scroll?). Bead and reel (reel white) between grooves. Shiny red glaze. Mottled Oliver. See 1296 and 1297 for shape and decoration. For others with bead-and-reel border see 1284. 50-10 1299 (P 4141 f) P1. 100 Area H 15 Max. p. dim. 9.1. Fragmentof wall from near knob. Two grooves on wall. Overlapping large dots placed vertically,with white ribbons attached at tops (scroll?).White dots between grooves. Shiny red glaze. Mottled Oliver. For decoration cf. 1297 and 1298. 50-10

369

1300 (P 8251) Fig. 82, P1. 100 B 12:1, middle fill H. 16.2; est. Diam. 30.0. Knob, upper wall, and small segment of lower wall and rim preserved; area within knob missing, seemingly deliberately knocked out. Nearly vertical rim, with resting surface beveled to inside. High, concave wall with two grooves at bottom and top. High, narrow knob, irregularlyconvex to outside; slightly concave upper surface;deeply recessed center. Paint very faded, probably all orange. Knob: cross. Wall: at left, upper right-hand part of sistrum; at right, upper part of Isis knot; row of dots between grooves at top and bottom of body. Shiny brown to dull orange glaze; finger markson knob. For others with sistrum see 1296. 50-10 1301 (P 16788) P1. 100 G 15:2, upper fill P.H. 15.0. Part of upper wall. Two grooveson upper wall. At center,wreathwrappedwith white ribbons and large white bow at top, its ends hanging down. Another similar wreath to left. At right, Panathenaic amphora with lid, S-shaped handles, ribbed lower body, and horizontal band of white dots across body; amphora in orange with white detail. Bead and reel (reel white) between grooves on upper wall. Dull red glaze. Mottled Oliver. For bead-and-reel border see 1284. 50-10 1302 (P824) P1. 100 Area I 17 Max. p. dim. 12.2. Fragmentfrom lower wall. One groove preservednear bottom of fragment. Spearhead necklace with incised band overpainted white, white accents on pendants and white dots at their tips. Trace of bead and reel below groove. Shiny red glaze. Mottled Oliver. For similar decoration on an earlier lid see 1280. 50-10 1303 (P 5307) P1. 100 Rotroff 1991, no. 107, p. 97, pl. 44. Area M 11 Max. p. dim. 7.3. Fragmentof wall. Below,two grooveswith running-dogpatternbetween them. Above, white pointed lotus petal at right, orange lotus petal at left. Metallic, reddish black glaze. Formerlyplaced in Large Leaf Group 4, but quality of glaze and concave wall suggests Mottled Oliver, despite the black glaze. Another with lotus petals: 1277. Another with runningdog: 1293. 75-10 SMALL

1304 (P24816) H-K 12-14 H. 3.0; rest. Diam. 7.2.

Fig. 82, PI. 100

370

CATALOGUE

Three-fourths of rim and part of wall restored. Rim inclined to inside. Scraped groove at bottom and top of wall. Solid knob, concave with nipple on top, with scraped groove around edge. Wall:garland? (orangescallop with white hooks or tendrilson either side). Shiny-to-metallicblackglaze. Cf. Vierneisel 1964, cols. 456, 460, fig. 50, left. 250-175 1305 (P 8585 b) Fig. 82, P1. 100 E 6:2, upper fill H 2.8; est. Diam. 7.3. Three-fourths of rim and lower wall missing. Slightly incurved rim. Straight wall with groove at bottom and top. Flaring knob, concave with ridge and nipple on top. Knob:white cross. Wall:bead and reel (reelwhite, bead orange with white dot at center). Metallic black glaze, mostly missing. Found with 1256, but the two are not a pair. 115-86 1306 (P 14419) Fig. 82, P1. 100 M 20:1, middle fill H. 3.5; rest. Diam. 9.0. Three-fourths of rim and part of wall restored. Groove at bottom and top of wall. Flaring ring knob with top of raised edge beveled to inside; concave center. Knob: cross. Wall: diagonal lines. Shiny brown glaze. 115-86

LEKANIS LID

1307 (P 18701) Fig. 82, P1. 100 M21:l P.H. 1.03; est. Diam. 6.5. Knob, three-fourthsof rim, and part of wall missing. Slightlyconvex wall with scrapedgroove at outer edge. Base of thin, hollow stem preserved. Ivy garland. Metallic black glaze. 300-250? 1308 (P 10736) Fig. 82, P1. 100 Rotroff 1991, no. 41, p. 78, pl. 24. F 5:1, middle fill H. 3.1; Diam. 7.7. Partsof edge of knob, wall, and rim missing. Slightlyconvex wall with one scrapedand one glazed groove at bottom, two scraped grooves at top. Low, solid stem. Beveled ridge with scraped groove at inner edge around top of knob; scraped groove around center, which is slightly pointed. Wall:bunch of grapes alternates with torch, then double cornucopia. Cornucopia painted white, with three sproutsacross top, two frondshanging down from sides. White dots on torch, two white ribbons hang from either side. Shiny black glaze. Related to the Dikeras Group. For same motifs on pyxis lid see 1225; see also 77. 270-215

VESSELSFOR OTHER PURPOSES MEDICINE BOTTLE 1309 (P 20858 a-i) Fig. 83, PI. 100 Lang 1978, fig. 28; Vanderpool 1980, p. 20, fig. 10 on p. 29; Camp 1986, p. 116, fig. 89. D 17:3 H. 3.6-4.2; Diam. 3.4-4.1; capacity 9-11 cu. cm. Intact except for small chips. Thirteen smalljugs inventoried under one number. Raised base with flaring profile, slightly concave underside, and plump, pear-shaped body. Thin, shiny black glaze inside and out. 300-250 1310 (P5799) Fig. 83, P1. 100 E 14:1, lower fill H. 2.5; Diam. 2.6. Rim chipped. Raised base with flaring profile; concave underside. Pearshaped body with greatestdiametervery low. Thin, dull brown glaze inside and out. 250-200 1311 (P 23892) Fig. 83, P1. 100 Area G 13, probably in Sullan debris (no lot)

H. 3.1; Diam. 3.6. Rim chipped. Raised base with flaringprofile;undersidenearlyflat. Squat body. Dull red glaze on outside only. 150-86 1312 (P 1578) Fig. 83, P1. 100 AreaJ 13, lot O 250 (deposited before ca. 175) H. 2.8; Diam. 2.8. Surface chipped. Raised base, flat with string marks underneath. Dull tan glaze inside and out. 250-175 1313 (P27716) Fig. 83, P. 100 Area N 16, 3rd- or early-2nd-centurycontext (no lot) H. 2.9; Diam. 3.1. Small chip missing from rim. Flattened base, irregular underneath. Plump body. Shiny red glaze inside and out. Cf. P 1453 (H-K 12-14), nearly a twin. 250-175

INKWELL ECHINUS

1314 (P 23101) Area I 14 H. 3.0; Diam. 5.8. Foot chipped, surface abraded.

Fig. 83

Raised base with flaring profile; concave underside with nipple. Plain wall, slightly convex on top. Shiny black glaze with metallic patches; finger markson foot and lower wall. 350-250?

INKWELL 1315 (P6739) Fig. 83, P1. 100 Area B 10, 4th- to Ist-century context (no lot) H. 3.2; Diam. 5.7. Intact. Raised base with rounded profile; slightly concave underside. Two grooves at shoulder. Top concave. Shiny black-tobrown glaze. Similar: P 19542. Profile of upper wall and rim similar to L 863 (AgoraIV, no. 323, p. 76, pls. 11, 38 [Type 25 B', G 13:4, lower fill]) and Kerameikos XI, no. 89, p. 28, pls. 18, 19 (Type RSL 4). 300-250? 1316 (P8410) Fig. 83 D 11:2 H. 4.0; est. Diam. 7.0. Chips of foot and three-fourthsof body missing. Small, flaring ring foot; beveled resting surface; pointed underside. Flat top with scraped groove at outer and inner edge slopes down towards hole. Shiny black glaze. 300-250? 1317 (P 11207) Fig.83,P1. 100 B 13:1, lower fill H. 4.2; Diam. 6.8. About half of upper body and part of top missing. Molded ring foot; beveled resting surface, nippled underside. Steep wall with scraped groove at shoulder. Convex upper body slopes inward towardsplain hole. White wavy line and dots on top. Metallic gray glaze. 250-200? 1318 (P 15369) Fig. 83, P1. 100 A-B 19-20:1 H. 4.0; Diam. 7.1. Small pieces of foot and wall missing. Flaring ring foot; flat resting surface; pointed underside. Scrapedgroove around edge oftop, which slopesdown towards hole. Olive garland with no stem on top. Dull black-to-red glaze. 250-200? ANGULAR

1319 (P 20365) Fig. 83, P1. 101 Area D 16, lot 00 607 (context mostly of first half of 2nd century,with several late-2nd-centurypieces), with 484 P.H. 3.8; Diam. 8.0. Foot and lower body missing. Angularprofile. Deep scraped groove around hole. On top, grapevine with white wavy stem and dot rosettes. Dull gray glaze; miltos. For similar painted decoration cf. 241, 244, 363. 250-200? CONCAVE WITH CONCAVE TOP

1320 (P 26007) Fig. 83 F 17:3, middle fill PH. 1.1; Diam. 7.2. Only top preserved. Trace of concave wall, flaring out at top. Top concave, with hole in convex mound at center. Shiny black glaze. 275-200 1321 (P 4127) Fig. 83 Area I 14, lot K 15c (2nd- and Ist-centurycontext)

371

H. 4.0; est. Diam. 6.2. Edges of top and bottom badly chipped. Flat underside with relieving edge, unglazed. Concave wall flaring at top, projecting at bottom. Concave top with slight lip around hole. Dull black glaze. 225-175 WITHCONVEXTOP CONCAVE

1322 (P557) Fig. 83, PI. 101 G 14:2, middle fill, at 14 m. H. 3.2; Diam. at bottom 7.0. Intact. Slightly concave underside. Concave wall, projectingat top and bottom. Slightly convex top with groove set 0.8 cm. from outer edge; within groove top slopes down to hole. Dull black glaze. 300-250? 1323 (P 19369) Fig. 83 Area C-F 15-19, Turkishcontext (no lot) H. 3.3; Diam. at top. 6.5. Edges badly chipped at top and bottom. Projectingfoot; flat resting surface;convex underside. Wall flares at top. Flat band at outer edge of top, separated from center by broad groove; within this, convex top slopes down to hole. Dull black glaze. 300-250? DOMED

1324 (P 20817) Fig. 83, P1. 101 M21:l P.H. 2.6; Diam. 8.1. Half of body and most of top missing. Slightly concave underside. Concave wall, projecting more at top than at bottom. Domed top with flat band at outer edge, separatedfrom dome by scrapedgroove. On dome, olive garlandwith white dots at tips of leaves. Shiny black-to-green glaze; miltos. 250-200 1325 (P 22925) Fig. 83, P1. 101 H-K 12-14 H. 3.8; est. Diam. at top 8.0. About two-thirdsmissing. Underside flat, with broad groove near edge and recessed center. Concave wall with projectingflange at top and bottom. Upper edge of lower flange profiled. Domed top with scraped groove around hole and at junction with flange. On dome, pseudo bead and reel with white reel. Shiny black glaze. A fragment of another: L 445. 200-175 1326 (P 7009) Fig. 83, PI. 101 D 11:4, lower fill H. 3.9; Diam. at top 7.2. Piece of top missing. Raised base, concave underneath. Concave wall with projecting flanges at top and bottom. Groove at inner edge of lower flange. Top has flat border and domed center, with concave band and groove around hole. Shiny black glaze, mostly missing. Cf. Karadima 1994, p. 199, fig. 2 (Samothrace); Lippolis 1990, nos. 1, 2, p. 62 (Taranto). 200-175 or perhaps later

372

CATALOGUE Flaring foot. Spherical body with pentagons drawn in glazed grooves;groove around hole. Dull red glaze. A small fragment of another, smaller (Diam. 5.0 cm.) and glazed black, was found in H 16:4 (Group D): P 31848. Cf. CVA,Musee Scheurleer 2 [Netherlands 2], p. 11, pl. 4 [86]:13, 14 (from Greece); Nicole 1911, no. 1158, p. 270, pl. XXI (Greece); Baur 1922, no. 498, pp. 237-238, fig. 106 (saidto be of Attic fabric). Same shape but without the incised decoration: Drougou 1991, p. 156 (Eordaia,Macedonia, mid2nd century);D6losXVIII, no. 684, p. 256, pl. LXXXI (Delos, late Hellenistic); Prine, nos. 98, 99, p. 426, figs. 540, 549; PaphosIII, no. 21, pp. 150-151, fig. 11:24; Theochares and Chourmouziades 1970, pp. 204-205, fig. 2 (PhthianThebes); Lippolis 1990, no. 3, p. 62 (Taranto);Giardino 1990, p. 121, pl. XXV:H (Heraclea, in gray ware). 150-110

SPHERICAL

1327 (P 31877 a, b) P1. 101 N 18:3 Est. Diam. 8.0; PH. (a) 3.5; max. p. dim. (b) 4.1. Two nonjoining fragments. Spherical body decorated with incised pentagons. Hole at top, surrounded by ridge. Shiny black glaze outside only, mostly missing. 200-190 1328 (P3175) Fig.83, P. 101 H. A. Thompson 1934, E 58, p. 398, fig. 86. F 15:2 (Group E) P.H. 6.3; Diam. 7.0. Most of foot and one-sixth of body missing. LID AMPHORA OF PANATHENAICTYPE?

1329 (P 18001, P 18798) Fig. 84, P1. 101 G. R. Edwards 1957, pp. 345-346, under no. 40. C 20:2 Rest. H. 30.0; Diam. 34.7. Three-fourthsof rim, halfoflower body,and upper molding at base of knob restored;top of knob missing. Knob and lid do not join. Horizontal outer zone, with scraped groove at outer edge, separated from rising center by molding between two scraped grooves. Torus molding at top, below knob. Nonjoining knob is hollow, convex, tapering at top, with shallow groove at bottom. Horizontal, outer zone: ivy garland. Rising center: grapevine with white wavy main stem and dot rosettes. Knob: myrtle garland accented with groups of three dots. Shiny-tometallic black glaze, outside only. For similarpainted decoration cf. 1336 and Williams 1977, no. 3, p. 68, pl. 24, from a well filled before 146. 200-150? 1330 (P3916) Fig. 84, P1. 101 K 14:1 P.H. 7.5; Diam. 21.2. Knob and about half of rim missing. Scrapedgroove and ridge at outer edge, anotherabout 3 cm. in from edge, a third below knob. Dull black-to-green glaze, outside only.

1331 (P 31873) P1. 101 M 18:10 PH. 4.2. Knob and part of upper part of lid preserved. Smalllid with pear-shapedknob, flaton top. Scrapedgroove at junction of knob and wall. Vertical lines painted on wall. Shiny black glaze, outside only; miltos. 225-175 OTHER 1332 (P 15153) Fig. 84, P1. 101 N 21:4, middle fill H. 3.6; Diam. 7.0. Intact. Sloping walls with shallow groove at half height. Slightly incurved rim. Cylindricalknob with beveled edge, flat on top. Dull dark brown glaze. Context of 225-175 1333 (P 23079) P1. 101 H-K 12-14 H. 2.8; Diam. 4.1. Rim chipped. Irregular,conical lid with solid, roughly cylindrical knob. Shiny black glaze. 3rd or early 2nd century

UNIDENTIFIED VESSELS AND FRAGMENTS 1334 (P5724) "Bell" Fig. 84, P1. 102 E 14:1, lower fill P.H. 5.0; Diam. 6.9. Broken at top; chips of lower wall missing. Flaring ring foot; beveled resting surface; pointed underside. Sharp ridge above foot. Beehive-shaped body with horizontal, wheel-run grooves. At top of preserved section, a narrow, ungrooved band, then a broad groove and another ungrooved band. Two small holes in wall at top, opposite one another, probably drilled after firing. Micaceous, light red fabric (2.5YR 6/6); shiny black glaze, thin glaze inside. Possibly imported. 3rd century?

1335 (P 18761) Stand or Fig. 84, P1. 102 thymiaterionlid M21:1 P.H. 12.0; Diam. 15.9. Top and part of lower body and edge missing; partially restored. Conical stand with offset at bottom. Flat resting surface. Slightly concave walls pierced with triangular holes. Flat resting surface. Decoration (from top to bottom): reserved register with black ovolo; black band; reserved register bordered by scraped grooves, triangularcutouts alternating with black rudder motif; black band; black dots on offset at base.

UNIDENTIFIED VESSELS AND FRAGMENTS

373

Shiny black-to-brownglaze, inside unglazed. Reserved areas have polished or self-slipped surface. Context of ca. 225-175

with brown glazed band at edge. Shiny black glaze inside and outside, except for reserved and painted areas. 350-300?

1336 (P 3700) Rectangular base Fig. 84, P1. 102 Area F 14, lot r 154 (late-2nd- and early-ist-century context) P.H. 5.8; p.W. 8.2; p.Depth 6.6. Partsof two sides preserved,broken at ends; square element broken away at top; badly chipped. Projectingbase around bottom; another projectingelement at top. Scraped groove at junctions of projections and vertical face. Hollow underneath, with irregular,flat resting surface. A rectangularobject was attached to the top, 1.5 cm. from one edge and 2 cm. from the other edge; within this area, base is cut through. On vertical faces, grapevine with white wavy main stem and white dot rosettes. Leaves on individual stems, with white dots within their curves. Shiny black-to-redglaze, partiallyglazed inside. For painted decoration cf. 1329 and Williams 1977, no. 3, p. 68, pl. 24. 200-150

1340 (P 18406) Foot with molded Fig. 84, P1. 102 decoration: pyxis? Area C 19, late Hellenistic context (no lot) P.H. 3.5; est. Diam. 43.0. Small segment of foot, broken at sides and top. Rounded resting surface. From bottom to top: slightly convex area, reservedand stamped or molded with ovolo, with traces of gilding; ridge and groove; cyma reversa; concave band; nearly horizontal reserved surface. Shiny black glaze inside and outside, except on stamped ovolo and horizontal surface;miltos. 350-300?

1337 (P 26056) Base of closed vessel Fig. 84, PI. 102 L 17:7 P.H. 1.7; Diam. 9.0. Base, with halfofedge missing;trace of lowerwall preserved. Flaring foot with broad, shallow groove in its outer face, giving it a faceted appearance. Vessel rests on outer edge of broad beveled surface with narrow groove just inside edge, glazed and with West Slope decoration: olive garland with leaves alternating with rows of four or five white dots. Within this is a raised disk, reserved, with five grooves. Center is recessed, glazed, with nipple. Lower wall is nearly vertical, with reservedband and shallow groove at bottom. Shiny black glaze, inside unglazed except for drips. For painted decoration on underside cf. 1072. 275-225 1338 (P 31926) Bottom of closed Fig. 84, PI. 102 vessel: pyxis? F 13:3, upper fill P.H. 3.3; Diam. 7.5. Lower part of vessel, with half of circumference chipped away. Flat underside, slightlyconcave at center,with beveled edge. Tapering, concave wall with scraped groove at junction with projection at bottom. Dull red-to-brown glaze inside and outside; miltos. Another from same context, slightly smaller: P 31927. For the shape in gray ware see 1620. For a saltcellarwith a lower body of similar shape cf. 1743. 150-86? 1339 (P 22819)

Foot with molded Fig. 84, P1. 102 decoration: pyxis? Area H-P 12-15 P.H. 4.1; est. Diam. 40.0. Small section offoot, with none of restingsurfacepreserved. From bottom to top: torus with stamped egg and dart, painted white, with traces of dull yellow over white; ridge and groove; concave band, originally painted pink; two ridges (glazed); vertical fascia; nearly horizontal surface, reserved,

1341 (P 27868) Cup P1. 102 Area M 16, context of first half of 3rd century (no lot) P.H. 2.2; est. Diam. 7.0. Rim fragment. Slightly outturned rim, probablyof a kantharoswith special handles, cup-kantharos,or calyx-cup. Ivy garland with three white dots for berriesand [' Ep] o [0] above. Shiny blackglaze. Cf. CVA,Copenhagen 4 [Denmark 4], pl. 181 [184]:4, a kantharoswith special handles with the same inscription; cf. also P 634 (H. A. Thompson 1934, B 24, p. 339, fig. 19 [H 16:3, north chamber]). 275-250 1342 (P 7605) Cup Fig. 84, P1. 102 C 14:7 P.H. 2.8; est. Diam. 10.0. Part of rim and upper wall. Concave wall, widely flaring at top. Nearly vertical, slightly flaring rim with molding at base. On rim: [A]tov6q[ou]. Lustrousblack glaze. 325-275 1343 (P 18304) Large cup P1. 102 Area D 17, late Roman context (no lot) P.H. 3.7; Th. of wall 0.5. Wall fragment. Slightly concave wall. Myrtle garland running right, with white dots at bases of leaves; below, ]PO[, perhaps to be restored ['A(p]po[lt7n;] or [&M]po[v]. Metallic black glaze outside, shiny reddish brown inside. 275-250 1344 (P 23523) Kantharos? Fig. 84, P1. 102 AgoraXXI, F 225, p. 44, pl. 20. Area H-K 8-11 P.H. 5.8. Single fragment of shoulder. Nearly straightlower wall, curving in above scrapedgroove. Above scraped groove, antithetical leaping dolphins above spiral waves based on three lines with white dots between them. Below scraped groove, painted vertical ribs, topped by two horizontal lines with white dots between them. Graffito 4XiutwoqH[ on upper wall (owner'smark). Shiny black glaze inside and outside, shiny brown on lower exterior. Forribbing cf. 1172. Dolphins similarto those of the Shark Group (e.g. 202, 203). 260-240

374

CATALOGUE

1345 (P 31957) Bowl or krater? Fig. 84, P1. 102 M-N 15:1 (2) Est. Diam. 29.0. One-sixth of rim preserved. Outturned rim, convex on top with scraped groove at outer edge, two well-spaced scraped grooves at inner edge. Scraped groove in vertical face of lip. Two scraped grooves below rim area outside. Wheat painted on inside of rim: stem and leaves orange, with white tendrils, white accents on heads. Beards incised. Shiny black glaze; miltos. 200-175?

1350 (P3642) Oinochoe? Fig. 84, PI. 102 Area G 13 PH. 4.5. Wall fragment. Steeply sloping shoulder, curving towards vertical at top. Vertically grooved lower body. Above, between scraped grooves, panel of checkerboard and concentric rectangles in incision, with faint traces of white in checkerboard. Metallic black glaze inside and out. For incised checkerboardcf. 353, 442, 444, 835, 1153. Later 3rd or 2nd century

1346 (P 31874) Tubular spout Fig. 84, PI. 102 M 18:10 P.H. 4.3. Broken at bottom. Tubular spout with projecting rim and very small opening. Raised drip ring on neck, with scraped groove on either side. Scar for round(?)handle on neck. Metallic black glaze. 225-175

1351 (P 21065) Verticalhandle PI. 102 H-K 12-14 W. 4.2; max. p. dim. 9.0. Broken at top and bottom. Broad strap handle of large vase with horizontal shoulder, attached at curve of shoulder below, arching in towards neck and probably tucked under rim above. Torch painted on handle: long grip with bulbous lower end, flaring out above into ten branches with white points or flames at ends. Marked at intervalswith white horizontal lines. White filletshang from torch. Shiny black glaze outside and inside. 275-175

1347 (P 26267) Floral knob P1. 102 M 18:10 P.H. 4.7. Knob with trace of attached vessel; two and one half of four petals missing. High, solid stem with handmade flowerat top, squaremolding at bottom. Small cup at center of cushion with twelve radiating grooves, to which are attached four petals, also with grooves. Flower is reserved, with traces of glaze on central cup and of rust-red pigment (miltos?) on petals and cushion. Vessel concave and glazed underneath. Shiny black glaze. Cf. CVA,Kassel 2 [Germany 38], pl. 85 [1885]. 275-175 PI. 102 1348 (P 1507) Floral knob H-K 12-14 P.H. 5.2. Five petals missing and something broken away at top. Irregularlygrooved, solid stem. Traces of glaze on lower break, where stem was attached to vessel. Small cup with scored edge in center of flower, with some element within it broken away. This rests on cushion with nineteen radiating grooves. One large petal with striationspreserved,flanked by two small, plain petals; probably originally four large petals alternating with small petals. Shiny black glaze on stem only; traces of miltos on cushion of flower. 275-175 1349 (P 25537) Handle of closed vessel Fig. 84 D 11:4, lower fill P.H. 10.5; W. of handle 2.3. Brokenat top and bottom; part of wall of vessel preservedat bottom. Verticalhandle, triangularin section, from vessel with sloping shoulder,perhaps a ratherplump oinochoe. Plasticattachment, possibly a comic mask, at base. Eye painted white(?); white fillet hangs down right side of mask. Trace of painting in orange and white on vessel wall. Metallic black glaze. Forplastic attachmentsat this point cf. 415-418, 420-422, 424, 428-438, 440, 445-448, 465; D. B. Thompson 1973, nos. 109, 134, 163, 165, passim(faience);TheSearchforAlexander, pp. 157, 169, 184, 185 (silverand bronze). 2nd century?

PI. 102 1352 (P 7901) Paintedvessel C 8:1 P.H. 6.0; Th. 0.6-0.7. Fragmentof wall. From large, closed pot. Upper half of fragment glazed. In reservedband below, figure stands right. Face and upper body white, hair black; eye and nostril picked out in red. Torso sketchily outlined in incision. Red wreath on head; garment black. At right a branch or wreath in white and red. Hard, fine, very micaceous, pink fabric(7.5YR 7/4); shiny gray-black glaze. Possiblyimported. Context of 110-75 1353 (P 18562) Handle attachment: PI. 103 head of Isis? Area A-D 14-17 P.L.4.5. Arch of handle and trace of rim preserved. Straightrim with groove below lip on outside, possibly from a baggy kantharos. Straphandle with attachmentin high relief. Beardlessface turned to proper right. Eyebrows, eyelids, lips painted orange, iriseswhite. Figurewears spearhead necklace. On left side hair hangs in short, straight, shingled locks ("Isis locks"),outlined in orange. The rest of the hair painted white. Orange dot on the forehead may be a bangle. Metallic black glaze. For the coiffure see D. B. Thompson 1973, nos. 123, 274, 276, pp. 123, 200-201, pls. XLIII, XLIV,LXV; Kyrieleis 1975, pls. 71, 100:2, 3, 101, 104, 105. Ca. 225-200? 1354 (P 7803) Plastic attachment: P1. 103 Dionysos? Area M 15, late Roman context (no lot) P.H. 3.7. Brokenall around;break at top of head suggestsattachment was at base of vertical handle. Head attached to a moldmade vase, irregularand unglazed inside. Glaze over break at lower right suggests possible

MINIATURES breakage during firing. Head is turned three-quarters left. Beardless, fleshy face with slightly parted lips. Iris of eyes painted white. Dionysiac fillet over brow,obscured by painted orange stripe along hairline. Hair parted in center and rather full at sides of face. Large globes in hair may be fruit. Shiny black glaze. 250-150? 1355 (P 21070) Plastic attachment:Dionysos? P1. 103 H-K 12-14 P.H. 2.8. Broken away from body of vase; no part of vessel preserved. Originally attached to nearly flat surface, with glaze used as glue. Fleshy,beardlessface with head turned three-quarters left. Protuberancesover forehead may be horns, fruit,garland, or locks of hair. Shiny black glaze. 250-180 1356 (P 155) Plastic attachment from P1. 103 large open vessel: Pan Area H 6 P.H. 4.4; Th. of wall 0.7. Wall fragment. Scraped groove on wall at level of bottom of attachment. Trace of something, possibly a bolster, resting above head of attachment. Beardless head turned to left. Two horns over brow. Metallic black glaze inside and outside. Fromsame mold as 380. Forscraped groove in this position on bolster bowl cf. 581, 586. 240-200 1357 (P 31199) Plastic attachment from PI. 103 krater(?):Herakles? AreaJ 3, lot BE 260 (Ist-century context) P.H. 4.6; est. Th. of wall 0.5-0.6. Broken all around and at back; badly battered. Attachment in high relief, originally attached to a fairly large vase. A trace of the inner wall is visible, nearly flat, with clear wheel marks. Bearded, frontal head with beetling brow, thick curly beard cut fairlyshort. Thick hair or headdressover forehead, possibly a lion skin. Pierced on left with a skewer for firing. Shiny black glaze, mostly missing. 225-175? 1358 (P 3142) Plastic attachment from large open vessel Area F 14, lot r 165 (late Roman context) P.H. 5.5; Th. of wall ca. 0.5. Broken all around; chin of attachment chipped.

P1. 103

375

Round, beardless face, with head turned slightly to left. Thick locks of hair and probably a wreath on head. Interior of vessel smooth but with no obvious wheel marks. Shiny brown glaze, black with metallic patches inside. 225-175? 1359 (P 21625) Plastic attachment from P1. 103 open vessel: Nike? K 7:1 H. 4.1; Th. of wall 0.35. Broken all around. Bust of beardless figure with hair falling down to shoulder, head turned to right. Wings grow from shoulders. Folds of garment visible on breast. Traces of paint on right breast, and painted circle below. No obvious wheel marks on interior of vessel. Shiny black glaze, metallic inside. Cf. 386 (similarbut larger),P 19829 (largerand reversed). 225-200? 1360 (P 3158) Plastic vessel: African? P1. 103 Area F-H 7-10, modern context (no lot) P.H. 5.9. Left eye and cheek and part of crown of head preserved, broken all around. Eyebrowspainted orange. Lower eyelid orange, iris white. On head, row of four globular elements (locks?) across forehead, two more further back on head. Within these a thin fillet encircling head, with small, heart-shaped leaves nestled among larger globular elements. Back irregular, nearly flat. Metallic black glaze inside and outside. For other representationsof Africans see 125, 1158, 1159, 1361. 1361 (P 19957) Plasticvessel or PI. 103 attachment:African Area Q 10, modern context (no lot) P.H. 6.3. Face preserved,broken all around. Fleshyface. Headprobablyturned slightlytoleft. Dionysiac fillet over brow painted white. Orange on hair and eyebrows, eyes sketchily outlined in orange and irises painted white. A thick lock of hair or bunch of grapes over right temple. Back slightlyconcave, unglazed, with fingerprints. Possiblya plastic attachmentbut more likely a plastic vase. Metallic black glaze. Cf. PaphosIII, no. 27, p. 101, pl. III:16, fromwhat is probably a 3rd-century context. For other representationsof Africans see 1360.

LTURES 1362 (P 14184) Cup-kantharos O 20:3, I P.H. 4.5; Diam. of body 3.3, of rim 3.9. Stem, handles, and half of upper body and rim miss Low lower body, high, flaring upper body. Double I Dull red glaze inside and on one side of outside, black c side. 300-250

F 16:8 H. 6.6; Diam. of body 3.9, of rim 5.3. All ofone handle and part of the other missing; foot chipped. Molded foot; beveled resting surface; concave underside. High stem. High upper body, molded rim. Double handles. Dull mottled red glaze with stacking line. Ca. 275

1363 (P 27984) Cup-kantharos Stella G. Miller 1974, no. 60, p. 238, pl. 34.

1364 (P 3995) Kantharos Rotroff 1983, no. 29, p. 287, pl. 53. H 6:9, south chamber,lower fill

PI. 104

PI. 104

376

CATALOGUE

H. 6.5; Diam. 4.6. One handle and half of upper wall and rim missing. Molded foot; beveled resting surface; conical underside. Tapering stem. High upper body. Slightly rising handles with flaring spurs. Shiny black glaze. Ca. 275 1365 (P 7193) Bolster-cup Fig. 84, PI. 104 D 11:2 H. 5.4; rest. Diam. 6.0. Most of rim, part of upper body, and handles restored. Molded foot with scraped groove between moldings; flat resting surface; conical underside. Deep body with offset at base. Slightly incurved rim with two grooves below it. Opposing ivy garland, with main stem accented with white dots. Leaves on stems alternate with dot rosettes. Butterfly motif below handle. Shiny black glaze; miltos. 275-250? PI. 104 1366 (P 16246) Baggy kantharos N 21:4, lower fill H. 4.5; Diam. 5.4. Handles and three-fourthsof body missing. Ring foot; flat resting surface; pointed underside. Groove below rim and at handle attachment. Between grooves, ivy garland running right. Main stem white; leaves on stems alternate with white dot rosettes. Metallic black glaze. 260-225 1367 (P 16248) Two-handled cup P1. 104 N 21:4, lower fill H. 3.3; Diam. 6.0. Handles and three-fourthsof wall missing. Flaringring foot; beveled restingsurface;nippledunderside. Groove at lower handle attachment. Slightly incurved rim. Verticalstrap(?)handles. On upper body, ivy garland running right, with white wavy stem. Dull orange-to-brownglaze. 275-225 PI. 104 1368 (P 26003) Two-handled cup F 17:3, middle fill H. 3.4; Diam. 6.0. Part of rim, all of one handle, and most of the other missing. Flaring ring foot; beveled resting surface; nippled underside. Groove at lower handle attachment. Slightly incurved rim. Vertical strap handle fromjust below rim to half height. Spearhead necklace on upper body. Dull gray glaze. 275-225 1369 (P 16251) Trefoil oinochoe P1. 104 N 21:4, lower fill P.H. 5.0; Diam. 4.4. Foot and lower body, handle, and most of rim missing. Cylindrical neck with two partly scraped grooves at base. Trefoil mouth. Neck: ivy garland running right with single ties at ends. Shoulder: diagonal wave pattern with white wavy line above, based on two lines with row of white dots between them. Dull brown glaze, interior only partly glazed. 275-225 1370 (P 27780) Situla H 16:7 PEH.5.2; H. to rim 4.6; Diam. 4.3. Most of handle missing.

P1. 104

Flaring ring foot; wide, flat resting surface; irregular underside. Projecting rim with two grooves below. Shiny black glaze. 290-275 1371 (P 16249) Situla Fig. 84, PI. 104 N 21:4, lower fill H. 4.8; est. Diam. 4.0. Over half of body and rim and all trace of handle missing. Disk foot, concave underneath. Upper body slightly constricted; rim flat on top. Below rim, traces of West Slope decoration, probably olive garland running right. Dull brown glaze. 250-225 1372 (P 562) Situla Fig. 84, PI. 104 G 14:2, middle fill, at 14.5 m. Total H. 6.6; Diam. 3.6. Intact. Disk foot, slightly concave underneath. Outwardly thickened rim, flaton top, with two groovesbelow on outside. Basket handle, round in section. Traces of dull black glaze. 3rd century? 1373 (P 11278) Calyx-krater Fig. 84, PI. 104 B 13:8, upper fill P.H. 7.9; Diam. of body 5.1. Foot and rim missing. Lowerbody runs smoothly into thin stem. High upper body, nearlycylindricalbut flaringat top. Lug handles at top of lower wall. Very soft fabric;traces of black and red glaze. 300-250? 1374 (P 28529) Bolster-krater Fig. 84, P1. 104 P21:4 H. 3.9; est. Diam. 8.5; Diam. of foot 3.5. Over half of wall and rim missing. Flaring, molded ring foot; flat resting surface; pointed underside. Scraped groove above half height and below rim. Rim projects inside and outside, slopes down to outside. On rim:dots. Below rim: olive garland running right. Shiny black glaze; miltos. 225-175 1375 (P 2974) Lug-handled krater P1. 104 H-K 12-14? P.H. 4.0; est. Diam. 7.5. Fragmentof upper body and rim with one handle preserved. Body apparently hemispherical. Outturned rim with scraped groove below. Lug handle. Olive garland running right; white stem, single orange ribbons at ends. Vitrified tan glaze, metallic black inside. Cf. 590-594 for shape. 250-175 1376 (P 27779) Amphora P1. 104 H 16:7 P.H. 6.3; Diam. 3.9. Mouth missing, hole in wall. Ring foot; rounded restingsurface;concave underside. Vertical handles from shoulders to below mouth. Very micaceous, pink fabric (7.5YR 7/4). Context of 325-275 1377 (P8413) D 11:2

Chytra

PI. 104

LARGE RITUAL VESSELS P.H. 2.8; Diam. 3.8. Lower body missing. Slightly outturned rim. Strap handle from rim to shoulder, arching above rim. Hard, fine, light brown fabric (7.5YR 6/4) with very little mica; thin brown glaze used as glue for handle. A complete example: P 27979 (Stella G. Miller 1974, no. 64, p. 238, pl. 34 [F 16:8]). Possiblygoes with 1378. 3rd-centurycontext

377

1378 (P8414) Ring PI. 104 D 11:2 H. 1.0; Diam. 3.2. Intact. Slightly tapering cylinder above, flaring out below. Hard, fine, micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/6) with spot of glaze inside. Possiblya stand for 1377. 3rd-centurycontext

VOTIVES AND OTHER VESSELS FOR RELIGIOUS USE LARGE RITUAL VESSELS LOUTROPHOROS

RHYTON

1379 (P 26853) Fig. 85 E 14:1, lower fill P.H. 4.5; est. Diam. 17.0. Part of foot. Broadly spreading, convex foot with scraped groove at half height and at top of preserved segment. Beveled resting surface. Underside reserved. Shiny black glaze, mostly missing; miltos. The foot of a loutrophoros(cf. Schefold 1934, no. 299, p. 35, XIV, no. 119:35, p. 118, pl. 51:3) or an pl. 49 and Kerameikos amphora (cf. Belin de Ballu 1972, p. 114, pl. XLV). Late 4th or 3rd century

1383 (P 284) Drinking horn with applique P1. 105 Area F 14, lot A 20 (context of last quarter of 3rd century and first half of 2nd) P.H. 6.6. Lower part of vessel preserved, but end of spout missing. Lower body ofthick-walled, conical rhyton curvingforward at bottom to spout. Above spout is applique relief of female head, turnedslightlyto her left, thickhairparted overforehead, high stephane. Traces of scraped groovejust above applique. Metallic black glaze inside and outside; miltos. 225-175?

1380 (P 22870) Fig. 85, P1. 105 H-K 12-14 PH. 20.2; max. p. Diam. 12.0. Lower part of neck, broken above and below. Tapering neck with high collar atjunction with body. Shiny brown-to-blackglaze. 3rd century? 1381 (P 6756) Fig. 85, P1. 105 F 13:3, upper fill (unknowndepth) P.H. 25.0; max. p. Diam. 10.0. Lower part of neck, broken above and below. At bottom, where neck joined body, torus molding with scraped groove above. At top, two torus moldings, both with scrapedgroove above and below. Groovesshallow and sloppily executed. Beginning of one straphandle preservedat top. Dull black-to-redglaze; miltos. 2nd century? 1382 (P 11837) Fig. 85, P1. 105 N 19:1, upper fill (Group F) Rest. H. 116.0; Diam. 28.0. Most of foot, all of lower stem, and many areas of body, neck, and handles restored. Foot with high, vertical side with groove at top. Concave stem gradually flares into nearly cylindrical body with high shoulder. Collar around base of neck. Slightly tapered neck with two sets of grooves at point of handle attachment, flaring slightly to torus rim. Double-grooved handles rise from shoulder, arching above rim,joining just below lip and running onethird of way down neck. Two round holes in neck, one in lower body, possibly for ancient mend. Black glaze, mostly missing. 2nd century?

1384 (P 17461) Cow PI. 105 Found in excavation in Pnyx Street, west of Agora H. 7.5; max. p. dim. 11.0. Chalice missing; nose and dewlap chipped, ears and horns missing. Head of cow. Hair of forehead and center of nose marked with verticalstrokesunder glaze. Nostrils are crescents,mouth is horizontal line. Pouring hole located between mouth and nostrils. Moldmade area marked off from wheelmade chalice by two deep scraped grooves. Base of chalice preserved. Shiny black glaze with greenish patches inside and outside; miltos. Cf. Hoffmann 1966, nos. 65, 80, 83, pp. 20-22, pls. XII:4, XIII. 300-250? 1385 (P 26260) Horse P1. 106 M 18:10 PH. 7.5; max. p. dim. 8.3. Head, legs, end of spout, and chalice missing. Horse with head perhaps turned slightly to left. Spearhead necklace painted around neck. Legs originally extended as though at a gallop. Spout in chest. Shiny black glaze inside and outside. Cf. Charitonides 1981, A. 393, p. 182, pl. 50:5. 200-175 1386 (P 15260) Pegasos P1. 106 A-B 19-20:1 P.H. 8.0. Nose, ears, wings, lower body, and chalice missing. Horse holds head very erect. Mane is accented with paint. Horse trappings visible on head: round pellet on forehead decorated with painted cross; round pellet on either cheek. Painted spearhead necklace around neck, with incised zigzag attaching pendants to band, and dots at tips of pendants

378

CATALOGUE

perhaps originally white. Two beaded ridges around lower part of neck may be additional harness. Wings attached at shoulder. Indistinct vertical and diagonal ridges below wings. Shiny brown-to-redglaze inside and outside. Cf. BCH 97, 1973, p. 255, fig. 10 on p. 257. 200-175? 1387 (T2311) Bull P1. 106 A-B 19-20:2, Layer I PH. 5.1. Head only preserved,with horns missing. Stocky head of bull with wide open eye, thicklocks of hair on neck and dewlap. Bridle originallypainted in white: strapover forehead, over muzzle, from mouth across cheek, from mouth back across neck. Shiny brown glaze inside and outside. 200-175? 1388 (P 20261) Eros Fig. 85, P1. 106 M21:1 P.H. 6.0; max. p. dim. 6.3. Head, wings, left forearm, spout, and chalice missing. Frontal body of plump figure. Wings originally attached at shoulders. Left arm raised, right arm bent across chest, grasping chlamys at neck. Chlamys runs diagonally across body from left shoulder to right hip; folds are picked out in white and orange. Spout placed below level of genitals, at point where left leg should be. Beginning of chalice preserved behind. Thick, shiny black glaze inside and outside. For pose of Eros cf. Mollard-Besques 1963, MYR 98, p. 40, pl. 46:a; for drapery cf. Burr 1934, no. 34, p. 47, pl. XIV 200-175 1389 (P 23089) Triton? P1. 106 H-K 12-14 P.H. 10.0. Head, left arm, right forearm, left wing, most of right wing, lower back, spout, and chalice missing. Well-muscled male torso with wings growing from shoulders. On preserved section of right wing ends of inner row of feathers outlined in orange with white dots at center, divisions between outer row of feathers painted alternately white and orange, and top edge of wing painted in orange and white. Arms are at sides, with right arm extended forwardat elbow. Lower body covered with skirtof acanthus leaves markedwith

alternating white and orange lines and hanging from a thick belt markedby diagonal lines in alternatingwhite and orange. A painted strap runs diagonally across the body from right shoulder to left hip. Spout in center, below skirt. Thick, shiny black glaze inside and outside. Cf. Adriani 1939, no. 2, p. 355, fig. 2 on p. 353 (Alexandria); AeXr 23, 1968, B' 1 [1969], p. 66, pl. 34:P (Athens). 200-175 1390 (P 18746) Triton? Fig. 85, P1. 106 M21:1 Max. p. dim. 10.3. Base of chalice, trace of torso, and acanthus skirtpreserved; partly restored. Trace of lower right side of torso of figure, below which is thick, twisted belt or sash from which hangs acanthus skirt. Three lines of painted decoration on torso. Acanthus skirt consists of two layers of acanthus leaves, originally picked out in paint (now mostly missing). Edge of hole for spout through acanthus skirtis visible inside. Black to brown glaze inside and outside, mostly missing. See referencesunder 1389. 200-175 PHIAL

1391 (P 18405) Fig. 85, Pls. 103, 106 Area C 18, lot IIII 710 (Hellenistic to early Roman context) PH. 2.0; max. p. dim. 11.2. Emblem and about one-fourth of wall preserved; rim missing. Phiale rests on ridge surrounded by two scraped grooves. Shallow bowl with glazed groove at top of preserved area. Irregular indentations radiate from center of floor. Emblem within one scrapedand one glazed groove, with row of painted leavesspringingfromoutergroove (now nearlyinvisible). Head of Dionysos turned slightly to his left. Hair parted in center, ivy leaves on crown of head, bunch of grapes over each ear. Very micaceous, fairly fine and soft fabric (2.5YR 6/8); shiny red glaze. Another fragment with emblem from same mold, more worn: P 28190 (F 17:4). 225-200

SMALL RITUAL VESSELS BLACK-GLAZED VOTIVESKYPHOS ATTIC

1392 (P 28738) P1. 107 J 5:1, VI H. 8.2; Diam. of body 8.0, of foot 3.6. Intact. Underside reserved with glazed circle at center; resting surfacereserved. Dull brown-to-blackglaze, blackbelow stacking circle. Context of ca. 325 1393 (P 29200) Fig. 85, P1. 107 J5:1,V H. 8.1; Diam. of body 8.2, of foot 4.0. Ends of handles and pieces of wall and rim missing.

Underside reserved with glazed circle. Shiny red glaze on one side, black on other; miltos. Context of 325-300 1394 (P 29197) Fig. 85, P1. 107 J5:1,V H. 8.6; Diam. of body 7.4, of foot 3.2. Less than one-fourth of rim and upper body missing. Groove at base of body. Plain vertical rim, not outturned. Totally glazed, black and peeling above, brown below stacking line and inside. Cf. Braun 1994, no. 5:2, p. 29, pls. 4:a, 7:6. Context of 325-300 1395 (P 20142) B 17:5 H. 8.9; Diam. of body 8.0, of foot 3.3.

P1. 107

SMALL RITUAL VESSELS

379

Part of foot and lower wall restored. Underside slightlynippled. Totally coveredwith shinyblack glaze. Context of 315-300

Flaringbase with angularprofile;concave underside. Thick handles. Dull orange glaze with brown patches. Identical and also from middle fill of N 21:4: P 15155. 3rd century

1396 (P 27994) Fig. 85, P1. 107 F 16:8 H. 8.8; Diam. of body 7.6, of foot 3.9. Handles missing, foot chipped. Underside reserved with glazed circle at center; resting surface reserved. Black glaze, dull and peeling above stacking circle. Context of 300-275

1403 (P 30940) Fig. 86, PI. 107 R 13:9 H. 3.9; Diam. 5.4. Rim chipped. High, flaring base; flat underside with string marks. Low, broad skyphos. Horizontal pinched handles attached at rim. Dull-to-shiny black glaze. 300-275

1397 (P 28492) P1. 107 Shear 1973, p. 151, note 68. Q20:4 H. 6.7; Diam. of body 6.8, of foot 3.5. Half of upper body restored. Slightly convex underside. Totally covered with shiny black glaze. Context of 300-275

1404 (P 29202) Fig. 86, P1. 107 J 5:1, II H. 5.6; Diam. 6.0. One handle missing;partly restored. Flaringbase runs directlyinto wall; flat underside. Soft, micaceous, reddishyellow fabric (5YR 6/6) with voids; unglazed. 3rd century

CORINTHIAN

1398 (P9700) P1. 107 F5:2 H. 8.7; Diam. 7.8. Much of lower wall and parts of upper wall and rim restored. Flat undersidewith slight nipple, unglazed, with two circles. Lowerbody unglazed, with cross-hatching.Horseshoe handles with panels unglazed. Dull black glaze; miltos. Similar: P 19049 (AgoraXII, no. 327, p. 258, fig. 4, pl. 15 [B 18:1]), P 29376 (J 5:1, VII). 325-275 1399 (P 9701) P1. 107 AgoraXII, no. 328, p. 258, pl. 15. F 5:2 H. 8.3; Diam. 7.8. Part of wall and rim restored. Convex underside with dimple at center. Triangular handles. Dull black above stacking line, red below and inside. 300-275 1400 (P413) Fig. 86, P1. 107 Area F 17, lot ET 65 (context of ca. 350-175, with a few 2nd-century pieces) H. 5.3; Diam. 5.6. Most of one handle missing. Low base; concave underside with slight resting surface at edge. Dull black glaze. 300-275 1401 (P 16156) Fig. 86, P1. 107 K-L 18-20:1, west branch H. 5.2; Diam. 4.8. Most of rim and both handles missing. High, flaring base; concave underside. Groove at junction of base and wall. Shiny,gritty black glaze. 300-275 1402 (P 15174) Fig. 86, P1. 107 N 21:4, middle fill (in mouth of lower tunnel) H. 5.8; Diam. 5.3. One handle restored.

1405 (P 25850) Fig. 86, P1. 107 Area T 23, lot OA 298 (mixed context, to 3rd century after Christ) H. 5.3; Diam. 5.6. One handle missing. Flaring foot runs directly into wall; irregular,slightly concave underside. Soft, micaceous, pink fabric (7.5YR 7/4); unglazed but possibly slipped. Identical, from same context: P 25851. 3rd century 1406 (P 1535) Fig. 86, PI. 107 Area I 13, possibly in early Hellenistic context (no lot) H. 5.4; Diam. 5.0. One handle missing, foot chipped. Flaring foot; nearly flat underside with nipple. Very thick wall, thick handles. Hard, micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/6) with a few large white inclusions;unglazed. 300-275 1407 (P 22821) Fig. 86, P1. 107 H-K 12-14 H 4.2; Diam. 5.7. Most of one handle missing, foot chipped. Flaring base runs directly into wall; flat underside with string marks. Small handles. Micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 7/6) of medium hardness with a few white inclusions; unglazed. 3rd century MINIATURE VOTIVES TWO-HANDLEDCUP

1408 (P 28801) P1. 108 Shear 1973, p. 131, note 26, pl. 28:b. J 5:1, VI-VII H. 2.4; Diam. 3.7. Intact. Flat underside. Convex-concave wall. Outturned rim. Strap handle from near bottom to rim. Soft, slightly micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 7/6). Similar, from same context: P 28784, P 28792, P 28800, P 28884-P 28886, P 28917. Similar, from contemporary contexts:P 12726 and P 13550 (D. B. Thompson 1954, nos. 15,

380

CATALOGUE

16, p. 85, note 59, pl. 18 [O 18:2]), P 24304 (AgoraXXVII, no. 140, p. 185, pl. 42, [P 10:3]). Similar,from later contexts: P 22810 (D. B. Thompson 1954, no. 13, p. 105, note 89, pl. 18 [F 16:1, lower fill]), P 6767 (D 15:3), P 12404 (S 19:3, lower fill). 350-325 1409 (P861) P1. 108 F 16:1, lower fill H. 2.3; Diam. 3.8. Rim chipped; burned. Irregular underside. Convex-concave profile. Outturned rim. Strap handle from half height to rim. Hard, micaceous, reddish brown fabric (5YR 5/4). Similar: P 95 (Rotroff 1983, no. 46, p. 289, pl. 55 [H 6:9, south chamber, lower fill]), P 29760 and P 29761 (Stella G. Miller 1974, nos. 69, 73, p. 239, pl. 34 [F 16:8]), P 4458 (F 11:2, upper fill). 325-290

Flat undersidewith stringmarks. Cylindricalbody, flaringat top. Verticallug handles from bottom to rim. Soft, micaceous, pink fabric (7.5YR 7/4). Similar:P 1454 and P 1530 (fromsame context), P 5800 and P 5810 (E 14:1, lower fill), P 8987 (E 5:2, lower fill), P 9832 (N 18:3), P 15065 (N 21:4, upper fill), P 18758 (M 21:1). 225-175 1415 (P 1446) P1. 108 H-K 12-14 H. 1.8; Diam. 2.7. Intact. Flat underside with string marks. Cylindrical body, very slightlyflaringat top. Verticallug handlesvery crudelyapplied. Hard, micaceous, pink fabric (7.5YR 7/4). Similar: P 1427 and P 1428 (from same context), P 15161 (N 21:4, lower fill). 225-175 KRATERISKOS

1410 (P 28786) P1. 108 J5:1,V H. 2.4; Diam. 3.5. Intact. Flat underside with string marks. Cylindrical body, flaring at top. Strap handles from bottom to rim. Soft, micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/6). Similar: P 28783, P 28787, P 29304, and P 29322 (from same context), P 12998 (AgoraXII, no. 1434, p. 336, pl. 46 [S 19:3, lower fill]), P 862 (H 17:6). 325-300 1411 (P 15143) P1. 108 K-L 18-20:1, west branch H. 1.9; Diam. 2.9. Intact. Flat underside with string marks. Cylindrical body, flaring at top. Strap handle from bottom to rim. Hard, micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/6). Similar: P 7782 (E 3:1), P 9350 (M 18:5). 300-250 1412 (P 29096) Pl. 108 Q6:5 H. 1.8; Diam. 2.6. Rim chipped. Flat undersidewith stringmarks. Convex wall. Verticalrim. Small strap handle from rim to just below rim. Micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/6) of medium hardness. Similar,from same context: P 29094, P 29095, P 29097. 275-250 1413 (P 11277) P1. 108 B 13:8, upper fill H. 1.9; Diam. 2.9. Intact. Flat underside. Cylindricalbody, flaringat top. Verticallug handles from bottom to rim. Soft, micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (7.5YR 7/6). 250-225 1414 (P 1879) H-K 12-14 H. 2.0; Diam. 2.8. Intact.

P1. 108

1416 (P 12992) P1. 108 AgoraXII, no. 1433, p. 336, pl. 46. S 19:5, probably fallen in from S 19:8 H. 3.4; Diam. 4.0. Rim chipped. Flat underside with string marks. Slightly angular profile, flaring at top. Horizontal handles applied below rim and looped over it. Dull red glaze with black patches. 350-325 1417 (P 28788) P1. 108 J5:1,V H. 3.8; Diam. 3.8. Foot chipped. Flaringfoot; flat undersidewith stringmarks. Widely flaring rim. Triangular lumps of clay at rim serve as handles. Dull brown glaze, mostly missing. Similar:P 28785 (from same context), P 27332. 325-300 1418 (P 9047) P1. 108 E 5:2, lower fill H. 3.3; Diam. 3.7. One handle and part of rim missing; overfired. Flaring foot; flat underside with string marks. Angular profile. Flaring rim. Handles are triangularlumps of clay at rim. Dull black-to-brownglaze. Similar: P 94 (Rotroff 1983, no. 48, p. 289, pl. 55, also overfiredor burned [H 6:9, south chamber,lowerfill]), P 29762 (Stella G. Miller 1974, no. 68, p. 239, pl. 34 [F 16:8]). 325-275 CUP WITH THREE LUG HANDLES

1419 (P 31034) Pl. 108 Rotroff 1983, no. 49, p. 289, pl. 55. H 6:9, south chamber,lower fill H. 1.2; Diam. 3.1. Intact. Flat undersidewith stringmarks. Shallowbowl with echinus profile. Two small lug handles opposite one another at rim, one larger one between them. Soft, micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/6). Nearly identical: P 252 (H. A. Thompson 1937, pp. 207208, fig. 125:d). Similar but smaller:P 29764 (Stella G. Miller

SMALL RITUAL VESSELS 1974, no. 70, p. 239, pl. 34 [F 16:8]), P 11755(J 18:7),P 22831. Deeper and more carefullymade: P 25824 (AgoraXII, no. 1432, p. 336, pl. 46), P 16619. 325-275 TWO-HANDLED

BOWL

P1. 108 1420 (P 93) H. A. Thompson 1937, pp. 207-208, fig. 125:c; Rotroff 1983, no. 47, p. 289, pl. 55. H 6:9, south chamber, lower fill H. 3.4; Diam. 6.5. Rim chipped. Flat underside with string marks. Deep body with convex profile. Strongly outturned rim. Wide, vertical strap handles from rim to upper body. Micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/6) of medium hardness. Similar:P 6556 (AgoraXII, no. 1431, p. 336, pl. 46), P 27980 and P 29333 (Stella G. Miller 1974, nos. 65a, 66, pp. 239-240, pl. 34 [F 16:8]). 300-275 P1. 108 1421 (P 1814) H. A. Thompson 1934, A 67, p. 327, fig. 9. G 13:4, lower fill (Group A) H. 1.2; Diam. 5.0. Intact. Flat undersidewith stringmarks. Shallowbody with straight wall. Narrow,projecting rim, convex on top. Narrow,vertical strap handle from rim to base of wall. Micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (7.5YR 7/6) of medium hardness. 300-260 P1. 108 1422 (P 15164) N 21:4, lower fill H. 1.2; Diam. 4.9. Intact. Flat underside with string marks. Shallow bowl with straight, very thick wall. Vertical lug handles. Hard, gritty, reddish yellow fabric (7.5YR 7/6). Similar: P 15066 (N 21:4, upper fill), P 1880 (H-K 12-14), P 5541. 250-225 P1. 108 1423 (P 20979) no. 54. 203-204, 273, pp. AgoraXXVII, pl. Q-R 10-11:1 H. 1.4; Diam. 6.4. Intact; overfiredor burned. Flat underside with string marks. Broad, shallow bowl with widely flaring, irregular wall. Molded rim. Horizontal lug handles applied at rim. Hard, reddish brown fabric (2.5YR 5/4). Possibly 3rd century (context of 200-160) 1424 (P 7380) P1. 108 E3:l H. 2.2; Diam. 6.1. Rim chipped. Flat underside with string marks. Irregular,widely spreading wall. External flange, with vertical rim above. Ribbon handles attached at flange. Soft, micaceous, pink fabric (7.5YR 7/4). 300-250

381

KOTHON

PI. 108 1425 (P 15158) N 21:4, lower fill H. 2.9; Diam. 4.4. Half of rim missing; burned. Flat underside with string marks. Incurved rim. Single vertical strap handle. Hard, gritty,micaceous, grayish brown fabric (10YR 5/2). 250-225 P1. 108 1426 (P5821) E 14:1, lower fill H. 2.8; Diam. 4.5. Intact. Flat underside with string marks, very irregular. Incurved rim. Vertical strap handle. Micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 7/6) of medium hardness. Similar: P 5831 (from same context), P 9691 (E 5:5), P 17072. 250-200 HANDLELESS CUP

P1. 108 1427 (P 558) G 14:2, middle fill, at 14 m. H. 1.7; Diam. 3.6. Rim chipped; burned. Flat, rough underside. Thin, flaring wall. Very hard, micaceous, brown fabric (7.5YR 5/2). 325-250 1428 (P 23602) P1. 108 AgoraXXVII, no. 254, p. 201, pl. 53. Q9:4 H. 2.5; Diam. 3.3. Rim chipped. Flat underside with string marks. Thick wall, concave profile. Micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (7.5YR 7/6) of medium hardness. Similar:P 1529 (H-K 12-14). 200-175? 1429 (P 15232) P1. 108 N 21:4, unknown depth H. 2.0; Diam. 3.2. Rim chipped; burned. Nearly hemispherical handmade cup. Gritty, porous, micaceous, pink fabric (7.5YR 7/4) of medium hardness. 3rd century? RING VASE

1430 (P 18442) P1. 108 Area B-C 16-17, in late Roman fill (no lot) P.H. 4.0; Diam. 4.9. Partsof wall and one-third of rim missing. Flat bottom with hole in center, broken away from flat surfaceto which it was once attached. Squat body with distinct shoulder. Outwardlythickened rim, with top sloping down to outside. No trace of handle. Very fine, micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (7.5YR 7/6) with slipped surface slightly darker, of medium hardness;traces of miltos inside on floor. Cf. LindosI, cols. 332-333, fig. 48. 4th century?

382

CATALOGUE THYMIATERION

SOLID STEM

1431 (P 13554) Fig. 86, P1. 109 0 18:2 P.H. 5.0; Diam. 7.1. Foot, bottom of stem, and piece of rim missing. Solid, cylindrical stem with raised ring near top. Shallow bowl with sides slightly inclined. Soft, fine, very micaceous, pink fabric (7.5YR 7/4). Similar and complete: P 17917. 350-325 1432 (P 13555) P1. 109 0 18:2 P.H. 5.3; Diam. of foot 5.4. Body and less than half of foot missing. Spreading foot, irregularlyflat underneath. Solid stem with bulge below half height. Soft, fine, fairly micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 7/6); traces of white paint. 350-325 1433 (P6162) Fig. 86, P1. 109 D 15:3 P.H. 8.0; est. Diam. 10.0. Foot and two-thirdsof bowl missing. Solid stem spreading at bottom, with ridge near top. Broad bowl with deep depression at center. Fine, hard, micaceous, light red fabric (2.5YR 6/6); white paint, overpainted red on inside of bowl. Similar to thymiaterion pictured on a Totenmahl relief from Samos (Dentzer 1982, R 315, p. 605, pl. 93, fig. 564). 350-300 1434 (P 19535) P1. 109 D. B. Thompson 1952b, no. 87, p. 164, pl. 42. S 19:3, upper fill P.H. 8.4; est. Diam. of foot 6.5. Bowl and half of foot missing, rings chipped. Spreading foot with molded edge; flat with string marks underneath. Solid, tapering stem with three projecting rings. Hard, micaceous, light red fabric (2.5YR 6/6); traces of white paint. Cf. Corinth XV, iii, no. 988, pp. 185-186, pl. 44. 350-300 HOLLOW STAND, CLOSED UNDERNEATH

1435 (P 17703 a-c) Fig. 86, P1. 109 B 19:1 P.H. (a) 5.4, (b) 4.7, (c) 4.6; Diam. of foot 9.3; est. Diam. of rim 10.5, of lid 11.0. Three sections preserve over half of foot and part of lower wall (a),part of rim (b), and about one-fourthof lid (c). Burning on edge of rim. Flat underside. Projecting molding at bottom, with small ridge at junction with cylindrical stand. Upper wall flares slightly. Concave rim with slight ridge at one-third height. Bottom of bowl for incense not preserved; bowl must have been very deep. Domed lid with low, vertical lip and horizontal flange. Sunken band around dome, with triangular cutouts. Groove below knob. Soft, micaceous fabric: body pink (7.5YR 7/4); lid mottled light brown to light red outside (ca. 7.5YR 6/4-2.5YR 6/6), light red inside (2.5YR 6/6). Trace of white paint on lid.

Similar mottling appears on another lid, P 4068 (Pollitt 1979, no. XIV5, p. 217, pl. 67:a [H 16:3, north chamber]). Similar, from contexts of first half of 4th century: P 22288 (J 11:1), T 888. Also of same general type: P 19680. Similar in profile to 1437, which is open underneath. 4th century 1436 (P5653) Fig. 86, PI. 109 E 14:3, in tunnel leading to E 14:1 PH. 8.5; Diam. of body 5.3, of foot 7.8. Upper part of bowl missing;foot chipped. Burning on floor of bowl. Hollow, conical stand with two offsetsat widely flaringbase. Irregular,flat underside added by hand. Fairlysmall bowl with four holes in floor. Two horizontal loop handles on either side, at base of bowl. Hard, reddish yellow fabric (ca. 5YR 7/6); very thin, dull orange glaze drips down from handles. Similar:P 16850. 125-75 HOLLOW STAND, OPEN UNDERNEATH

1437 (P 26519) Fig. 86, P1. 109 Area U 20, lot EA 62 (mid-4th-century context; see Pollitt 1979, p. 220, deposit XXVII [there mistakenly called lot EA 63]) H. 9.9; Diam. of foot 9.7, of rim 10.4. Half of foot and gaps in body restored;half of rim missing. Hollow stand, slightly flaring towards bottom, with horizontal projection at base. Ridge at level of bottom of bowl. Shallow bowl with flaring rim. Soft pink fabric (7.5YR 7/4); traces of white paint. Similar in profile to 1435, with solid bottom; cf. also DelosXVIII, B 404, p. 378, pl. CV:935. Ca. 350 1438 (P 26429) Fig. 86, PI. 109 F 16:6 H. 8.9; Diam. of foot 7.3, of rim 8.1. Edge of foot chipped. Cylindricalstand with horizontalprojectionat base. Ridges atjunction of projection and base and of base and bowl. Shallow bowl with flaringsides. Soft, fine, pink fabric (7.5YR 7/4); traces of white paint. Similar but in different fabric: P 14041 (D. B. Thompson 1971, fig. 61). Similar but smaller:P 7812 (E 14:6, lower fill). 325-275 1439 (P 16124) Fig. 86, P1. 109 G 14:2, middle fill, at 14 m. H. 5.4; Diam. of foot 5.1; est. Diam. of rim 7.0. Most of edge of bowl missing;burning on floor. Hollow, conical stand with groove near bottom. Shallow, spreading bowl with single hole in center of floor. Soft, pink fabric (7.5YR 7/4); traces of white paint. 250-200? 1440 (P 15163) Fig. 86, P1. 109 N 21:4, lower fill H. 5.5; Diam. of foot 5.3, of rim 6.6. Rim chipped. Hollow stand flaring out at bottom; groove in edge at base. Slight ridge at level of base of bowl. Shallow bowl with concave

VESSELS FROM RITUAL PYRES sides. Hard, light reddish brown fabric (5YR 6/4); traces of white paint. 250-225 1441 (P5939) Fig. 86, P1. 109 E 14:1, lower fill H. 5.7; Diam. of foot 5.0; est. Diam. of rim 6.9. Two-thirdsof bowl restored. Conical standwith ridge and torusmolding at base. Shallow, flaring bowl. Hard pink fabric (7.5YR 7/4); traces of white paint. Another from same context: P 5823. 250-200 1442 (P 16278) Fig. 86, PI. 109 N 21:4, lower fill H. 11.6; est. Diam. of foot 11.0, of rim 8.5. Over half of stand and most of bowl missing. Cylindrical, two-stage stand, flaring at bottom, with ridge at half height. Pronounced projection at level of base of bowl. Bowl has projecting rim, flat on top. Hard pink fabric (7.5YR 7/4); white paint. 250-225 OTHER

383

P.H. 5.2; Diam. 6.6. Bowl and lower part of stand missing, much of flange chipped away. Hollow, vertically grooved stand, flaring widely to bottom. Molded flange at base of bowl decorated with incised cable above dotted ovolo. Bowl has vertical walls. Break below flange on opposite sides suggests that there were handles or rings. Fine, hard, micaceous, light brown fabric (7.5YR 6/4); traces of white paint, some thin glaze under flange. Cf. TarsusI, no. 549, p. 376, fig. 252; AlbaniaAnticaIII, no. 8, p. 132, pl. XIX. Cf. also metal thymiateria: Pfrommer 1987, KT 2, KT 3, KT 52, pp. 202, 207, pls. 2, 4, 32. Late 2nd to 1st century? 1444 (P 12136) Fig. 86, PI. 109 U 22:5 H. 2.5; Diam. 4.0. Over half preserved;rim chipped, knob missing. Darkened by fire. Small, domed lid with projecting rim. Three holes (probably originally four) pierced through dome. Micaceous, light reddish brown fabric (5YR 6/4) of medium hardness; traces of white paint. 4th century?

1443 (P 18445) Fig. 86, PI. 109 Area C 17, late Hellenistic and early Roman context (no lot)

VESSELS FROM RITUAL PYRES PYRELEKANIS

1445 (P 19867) Fig. 86, PI. 110 Young 1951b, no. 11:2, p. 127, pl. 53:b. B 17:4 H. 3.6; Diam. 6.9. Mended from ten fragments;one-third of rim and chips of wall missing. Straight, sloping wall. Incurved rim. Molded knob. Shiny brown-to-blackglaze. Ca. 325? 1446 (P 18543 a, b) Fig. 86, P1. 110 no. D. B. Thompson 8:4, 124, 52:b; 1951b, p. pl. Young 1971, fig. 52. B 19:5 H. (bowl) 3.2, (lid) 3.3, (total)5.9; Diam. 5.9. Bowl (b) and lid (a) each mended from three fragments; a few chips missing. Concave underside. Concave-convex profile with high vertical rim above flange. Lid has slightly inturned rim, flaring knob offsetfrom stem, concave on top. Dull blackglaze, mostly missing. Similar:P 9704 (AgoraXII, no. 1281, p. 326, pl. 42 [F 5:2]). 325-300 1447 (P 16733 a, b) Fig. 86, PI. 110 Young 1951b, no. 10:3, p. 126, pl. 53:a. B 22:3 H. (bowl) 3.5, (lid) 3.0, (total)5.6; Diam. 5.7. Bowl (a) mended from six fragments, lid (b) from two fragments; rim of lid chipped. Concave underside. Rim inclined above flange and damaged in manufacture, before firing. Lid has low cylindrical

handle offset from stem, concave on top. Dull brown glaze, with knob, part of top of lid, and much of underside unglazed. 325-300

1448 (P 28562 a, b) Fig. 86, PI. 110 Shear 1973, p. 141, note 50. P 6:4 H. (bowl)4.0, (lid) 3.4, (total)7.2; Diam. (bowl)6.5, (lid)6.0. Bowl (a) and lid (b) each mended from seven fragments;a few chips missing. Narrow foot, slightly concave underneath. Straight, irregular wall. Rim slopes inwardstronglyabove slightflange. Cylindrical knob offset from stem, flat on top. Dull black glaze on body, dull-to-metallicbrown to black on lid. Although the two were found together, lid is too small to fit properly. Similar: P 20143 (AgoraXII, no. 1282, p. 326, pl. 42 [B 17:5]). 325-300

1449 (P 19046 a, b) Fig. 86, PI. 110 Young 1951b, no. 4:7, p. 118, pl. 51:a; AgoraXIV, p. 16, pl. 26:b (wronglynumbered). B 18:1 H. (bowl)3.8, (lid) 3.6, (total) 7.1; Diam. 6.0. Bowl (b) mended from eight fragments, lid (a) from two fragments;a few chips missing. Flat underside with string marks. Deep body. Rim projects only slightly above prominent flange. Knob has slightly concave sides, flat on top. Shiny black-to-brownglaze. Ca. 300

384

CATALOGUE

1450 (P 26215, P 26220) Fig. 86, P1. 110 L 17:5 H. (bowl) 3.8, (lid) 2.9, (total)6.0; Diam. 6.0. Bowl (P 26215) mended from five fragments, lid (P 26220) from four fragments;over one-fourth of rim of bowl and half of rim of lid missing. Narrow foot, flat with string marks underneath. Low rim steeply inclined above flange. Rim of lid slightly outturned. Slightly flaring knob with string marks on top. Lid unglazed underneath. Dull to metallic glaze, black to brown, badly peeled. 300-270 1451 (P 18574 a, b) Fig. 86, P1. 110 Young 1951b, no. 7:7, p. 123, pl. 52:a. B 19:6 H. (bowl) 3.8, (lid) 2.8, (total)5.9; Diam. 5.8. Bowl (b) mended from nine fragments, lid (a) from five fragments;partly restored. Narrow foot, slightly concave and reserved underneath. Straight,irregularwall. Low,steeplyinclined rim above flange. Angular lid has slightly flaring knob with string markson top. 300-270 1452 (P 18575 a, b) Fig. 86, PI. 110 no. 52:a. 1951b, 7:8, 123, Young p. pl. B 19:6 H. (bowl) 5.1, (lid) 2.9, (total) 7.8; Diam. 6.6. Bowl (b) mended from sixteen fragments, lid (a) from two fragments;partially restored. Widelyflaringfoot, flatwith stringmarksunderneath. Deep body. Wide flange with lid projectingslightlyabove. Fairlylow lid with flaringknob, flat on top with stringmarks. Shiny black glaze, mostly missing on bowl, dull reddish brown on lid. The two may not go together. Similar: P 9690 (AgoraXII, no. 1283, p. 326, pl. 42 [F 5:2]). 300-270 1453 (P 28488 a, b) Fig. 86, PI. 110 Shear 1973, p. 151, note 68. Q20:4 H. (bowl) 3.3, (lid) 2.8, (total)6.1; Diam. 5.7. Bowl (a) intact; small piece of rim of lid (b) missing. Roughly concave, reservedunderside. Deep bowl with flare at top of body running into flange. Low, inclined rim above flange. Lid has sloping wall, flaringknob, rough on top. Shiny brown glaze; finger markson foot and lower wall. 300-270 1454 (P 18468) Fig. 86, P1. 110 H. A. Thompson 1948, pp. 166-167, pl. 46:3; Young 195lb, no. 13:6, p. 129, pl. 54:a; AgoraXII, no. 1284, p. 326, pl. 42. C 17:2 H. (bowl) 3.9, (lid) 2.5, (total)6.0; Diam. 5.5. Bowl (b) mended from five fragments, lid (a) from three fragments,with a few chips missing;burned. Flaring foot, slightly concave with stringmarksunderneath. Horizontally projecting flange. Low, inclined rim. Lid has flaring knob with string marks on top. Fine, micaceous, pink fabric (7.5YR 7/4) of medium hardness;unglazed. Another unglazed example: P 9690 (AgoraXII, no. 1283, p. 326, pl. 42 [F 5:2]). Cf. Braun 1994, no. 7:5, p. 31, pl. 10:P. 270-260?

RIBBON-HANDLED PLATE

1455 (P9705) Fig. 87, P1. 110 F 5:2 H. 2.1-2.9; Diam. 12.5. Mended from six fragments, with one handle and part of rim missing, burned. Underside somewhat convex, with string marks. Straight, wheel-ridged wall. Very micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 7/6) of medium hardness; dull brown glaze on handle and in two circles on floor. Similar banding and shape of foot: P 16606, P 19051 and P 19052, P 18546 and P 18547, P 16734, P 19868 (Young 1951b, nos. 2:9, 4:8, 9, 8:7, 8, 10:4, 11:3, pp. 116, 118, 125127, pls. 50-53 [A 20:3, B 18:1, B 19:5, B 22:3, B 17:4]). Similar banding but irregularraised base: P 9706 (AgoraXII, no. 1569, p. 346, pl. 69 [F 5:2]), perhaps slightly later. 350-300 1456 (P 28558) Fig. 87, P1. 110 P 6:4 H. 2.4-3.1; Diam. 12.7. Mended from fifteen fragments, with small pieces missing; burned. Slightlyraisedbase with stringmarks. Wall slightlyconcave. Handles tightly folded. Hard, light reddish brown fabric (5YR 6/4); handlesand surroundingrim dip-glazeddull brown to purple, splashes and dribbles of glaze on floor. Nearly identical:P 28559 (fromsame pyre),P 20146 (Young 1951b, no. 12:7, p. 128, pl. 53:c [B 17:5]). 325-300 1457 (P 28494) Fig. 87, P1. 110 Q20:4 H. 1.9-2.2; Diam. 13.2. Mended from fourteen fragments, small chips missing; burned. Flat underside with string marks. Irregular wall, slightly concave near base. Handles tightly folded. Hard, light brown fabric (7.5YR 6/4) with large white inclusions; very slight traces of thin wash on rim near one handle. Nearly identical:P 18576 (AgoraXII, no. 1571, p. 347, pl. 69) and P 18577 (Young 1951b, nos. 7:10, 11, p. 123 [B 19:6]). Similar but with no trace of glaze preserved: P 18578 and P 18579 (Young 1951b, nos. 7:11, 12 [B 19:6]), P 28493 (Q20:4). 300-270 1458 (P 18474) Fig. 87, P1. 110 H. A. Thompson 1948, pp. 166-167, pl. 46:3; Young 1951b, no. 13:10, p. 129, pl. 54:a. C 17:2 H. 2.6-2.8; Diam. 11.9. Mended from thirteen fragments,with a few gaps restored; burned. Flat underside with slight string marks. Fairly deep body, slightly concave below rim. Prominent wheel ridging inside. Handles tightly folded. Hard, pink fabric (5YR 7/4); faint trace of thin wash in one spot on rim and possibly on floor. Identical and from same pyre: P 18473 (Young 1951b, no. 13:9, p. 129, pl. 54:a). 290-250

VESSELS FROM RITUAL PYRES 1459 (P9711) Fig. 87, P1. 110 F 5:2 H. 2.5-2.7; Diam. 12.0. Mended from six fragments,with one handle and two pieces missing;burned. Raised base, flat underneath with string marks. Straight wall. Thick, tightly pinched handles. Hard, very micaceous fabric, mottled pink to light red (7.5YR 7/4-2.5YR 6/6); unglazed. Identical and from same pyre: P 9708 (AgoraXII, no. 1570, p. 346, pl. 69), P 9709, P 9710. Ca. 275 PYRESAUCER RIMMED

1460 (P 29314) Fig. 87, PI. 110 J5:1, VI-VII H. 1.1-1.6; Diam. 13.0. Mended from two pieces; three-fourthspreserved. Flat underside with string marks. Lowerwall convex, upper wall slightly concave. Rim concave on top, slopes inward. Very micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/6) of medium hardness;shiny red glaze on inside, red to brown outside, rim and underside reserved. 350-325 1461 (P 18544) Fig. 87, P. 110 Young 1951b, no. 8:6, p. 124, pl. 52:b; AgoraXII, p. 309, under no. 1043; D. B. Thompson 1971, fig. 52. B 19:5 H. 1.3-1.8; Diam. 12.7. Mended from six pieces, with one gap restored; traces of burning. Flat, irregular underside with string marks. Irregularwall with concavity below rim. Rim slopes in slightly, with two broad, shallow grooves. Soft, very micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/6); dull, thin red glaze on floor and part of rim and on exterior except for underside and band below rim. 325-300 1462 (P 16737) Fig. 87, P1. 110 Young 1951b, no. 10:7, p. 126, pl. 53:a. B 22:3 H. 1.2-1.5; Diam. 11.7. Mended from eleven fragments;half of rim and some small areas restored;traces of burning. Flat bottom, somewhat convex, with string marks. Double concave profile. Inward sloping rim, concave on top. Light reddish brown fabric (5YR 6/4) of medium hardness; thin, dull brown glaze on all surfaces. Nearly identical and from same pyre: P 16735, P 16736, P 16738 (Young 1951b, nos. 10:5, 6, 8, p. 126, pl. 53:a). Ca. 300 1463 (P3508) Fig. 87, P1. 111 F 11:2, upper fill H. 1.4-1.6; Diam. 13.0. Mended from two pieces; about half of rim restored. Flat underside with string marks. Convex wall. Rim flat on top, slopes inward slightly. Reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/6); thin, dull red glaze on all surfaces. 325-300

385

SHALLOW

1464 (P 6357) Fig 87, P1. 111 D 15:3 H. 1.8-2.1; Diam. 11.9. Mended from three pieces, with two large sections of rim missing;resting surface worn. Slightly concave underside with string marks. Double concave profile. Rim slopes down slightly to inside. Very micaceous, pink fabric (7.5YR 7/4); dull brownishred glaze, mostly missing. 325-300 1465 (P 19870) Fig. 87,Pl. 111 Young 1951b, no. 11:10, p. 127, pl. 53:b. B 17:4 H. 1.1-1.4; Diam. 11.8. Mended from sixteen fragments;a few chips missing. Very slightly concave underside with string marks. Wall slightly concave at bottom. Rim slightly offset on inside. Dull brown glaze. Similar: P 19869 and P 19871 (from same pyre), P 9712 (AgoraXII, no. 1578, p. 347, pl. 69) and P 9713 (F 5:2), P 6358 and P 6359 (D 15:3). 325-275 1466 (P6130) Fig. 87, PI. 111 D 15:3 H. 1.1-1.4; Diam. 10.7. Intact. Slightly concave underside with string marks. Rim slightly offset from floor. Thin glaze, mottled red to brown. Two kappasincised on floor before glazing. Other glazed saucers of about this size: P 13243 (H. A. Thompson 1940, pp. 134-135, fig. 99:c [G 12:20]), P 19060 and P 19062 (Young 1951b, nos. 4:17, 19, p. 119 [B 18:1]), P 4457 (F 11:2, upper fill). 325-300 1467 (P 28570) Fig. 87, P1. 111 P 6:4 H. 1.4-1.7; Diam. 10.0. Mended from four fragments. Slightly convex underside with string marks. Straight wall, concave near bottom. Very micaceous, pink fabric (7.5YR 7/4); unglazed. Similar: P 28572 and P 28573 (from same pyre), P 2880 (H. A. Thompson 1934, A 66, p. 326, fig. 9 [G 13:4, lower fill]), P 3784 (F 12:3, lower fill), P 18594 and P 18595 (Young 1951b, nos. 7:27, 28, p. 123 [B 19:6]), P 20148 (Young 1951b, no. 12:9, p. 129 [B 17:5]), P 14254 (S 19:8), P 26216 (L 17:5). With more pronounced rim: P 18589-P 18593 (Young 1951b, nos. 7:22-26, p. 123 [B 19:6]). P 9714 and P 9715 (F 5:2) are of same shape and size but with traces of glaze on floor. 325-275 1468 (P 18466) Fig. 87, PI. 111 H. A. Thompson 1948, pp. 166-167, pl. 46:3; Young 1951b, no. 13:22, p. 130. C 17:2 H. 1.3-1.5; Diam. 9.1. Mended from sixteen fragments, with two areas restored; burned. Small, slightlyconcave bottom with string marks. Very thin wall, slightly concave above base. Hard, pinkish gray fabric (7.5YR 6/2) with almost no mica; unglazed.

386

CATALOGUE

Similar,from same pyre:P 18464, P 18465, P 18467 (Young 195lb, nos. 13:20, 21, 23, p. 130). 290-250 SMALL

1469 (P 19877) Fig. 87, P1. 111 no. 127. 11:17, 1951b, p. Young B 17:4 H. 1.2; Diam. 6.4. Intact. Slightly concave undersidewith stringmarks. Steep, convex wall. Pink fabric (7.5YR 7/4); thin, dull black glaze. Other fairlywell glazed saucersof Hellenistic date:P 19872P 19875 (Young1951b, nos. 11:12-15, p. 127, fromsame pyre), P 336 and P 337 (Rotroff1983, nos. 12, 13, p. 284, pl. 51 [H 6:9, north chamber, lower fill]), P 16739 and P 16740 (Young 1951b, nos. 10:11, 12, p. 126 [B 22:3]), P 18550, P 18551, and P 18553 (Young 1951b, nos. 8:13, 14, 16, p. 125, pl. 52:b [B 19:5]), P 6360 and P 6361 (D 15:3). 350-300 1470 (P9717) Fig. 87, P1. 111 F 5:2 H. 1.2; Diam. 6.8. Intact. Slightly concave underside with string marks. Wall slightly concave at base, convex above. Reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/6); very thin, dull orange wash. Others of Hellenistic date with thin wash: P 9689, P 9716, and P 9718 (fromsame pyre),P 3511 (F 11:2, upper fill),P 4388 (F 12:3, lower fill), P 6362 (D 15:3), P 13235 (G 12:20). 325-275 1471 (P 28567) Fig. 87, P1. I11 P6:4 H. 1.2-1.5; Diam. 6.5. Mended from five pieces; partly burned. Flat underside with string marks. Slightly concave wall. Reddish yellow fabric (7.5YR 6/6); unglazed. Similar: P 28565, P 28566, P 28568, and P 28569 (from same pyre), P 18552 (Young 1951b, no. 8:15, p. 125, pl. 52:b [B 19:5]),P 18599-P 18601 (Young1951b, nos. 7:32-34, p. 123 [B 19:6]), P 20149-P 20151 (Young 1951b, nos. 12:10-12, p. 129 [B 17:5]), P 26217 (L 17:5). 325-275 1472 (P 18460) Fig. 87, P1. 111 H. A. Thompson 1948, pp. 166-167, pl. 46:3; Young 1951b, no. 13:16, p. 130. C 17:2 H. 0.9; Diam. 5.2. Mended from four pieces; slightly burned. Slightly concave underside with string marks. Wall concave near base. Reddish yellow fabric (ca. 7.5YR 6/6); unglazed. Similar: P 18461-P 18463 (Young 1951b, nos. 13:17-19, p. 130, from same pyre), P 18602 and P 18603 (Young 1951b, nos. 7:35, 36, p. 123 [B 19:6]), P 9719-P 9722 (F 5:2), P 31336 (J 3:2). Similar in size but with thicker walls and traces of glaze are P 19063-P 19071 (Young 1951b, nos. 4:20-28, p. 119

[B 18:1]). 300-250 1473 (P9727) F 5:2 H. 2.3; Diam. 8.3.

Fig. 87, P1. 111

Mended from eight fragments, with piece of wall and onefourth of rim missing;partly burned. Narrow base; flat underside with string marks. Fairlydeep body with straightwall. Hard, very micaceous fabric, mottled light red to reddish yellow (2.5YR 6/6-7.5YR 6/2); unglazed. Similar but smaller: P 18596-P 18598 (Young 1951b, nos. 7:29-31, p. 123 [B 19:6]). 300-275 1474 (P2008) Fig. 87, PI. 111 G 13:3 H. 1.4; Diam. 8.5. Half of rim restored;burned. Flat underside with string marks. Straight wall, slightly concave below lip. Slightly molded rim, downturned, with groove in upper surface. Pink fabric (7.5YR 7/4) with much coarse mica and red, black, and white inclusions;unglazed. 300-250 CHYTRIDION

1475 (P 17721) Fig. 87, P1. 111 Young 1951b, no. 6:13, p. 121. B 19:3 H. 7.1;Diam. 10.2. Mended from twenty fragments,with part of rim and body restored;slight traces of burning. Rounded bottom. Shallow groove at about half height. Reddish yellow cooking fabric (5YR 6/6) with mica and white inclusions. Others from contemporary contexts: P 24778 (Q 17:5), P 28507 (P 20:3). 350-325 1476 (P 18540) Fig. 87,P1. 111 Young 1951b, no. 8:9, p. 125, pl. 52:b; AgoraXII, p. 225, note 9. B 19:5 H. 6.3; Diam. 8.9. Rim slightly chipped; burned. Rounded bottom. Body pared. Yellowish red to light red cooking fabric (5YR 5/6-2.5YR 6/8) with mica, white inclusions, and voids. Others in cooking fabric from contemporary contexts: P 18541 (Young 1951b, no. 8:10, p. 125, pl. 52:b, from same pyre),P 19863 and P 19864 (Young 1951b, nos. 11:5, 6, p. 127 [B 17:4]). 325-300 1477 (P 17696) Fig. 87, P1. 111 B 19:1 H. 6.5; Diam. 10.1. Complete but slightly cracked. Rounded bottom. Unusually low and squat profile. Handle arches high above rim. Red cooking fabric (2.5YR 4/8) with fine mica, coarse sand-size quartz and lime, and voids. Others in cooking fabric from contemporary contexts: P 17697 (from same pyre), P 16741 (Young 1951b, no. 10:9, p. 126 [B 22:3]). 325-300 1478 (P 19057) Young 1951b, no. 4:14, p. 119. B 18:1 H. 6.8; Diam. 9.8.

Fig. 87, PI. 111

VESSELS FROM RITUAL PYRES Mended from twenty-eight fragments, with chips of neck and part of belly missing; slight traces of burning. Rounded bottom. Lower wall pared. Possibly a light slip on surface. Very hard household fabric, pink at break (7.5YR 7/4), very pale brown on surface (10YR 7/3); much fine mica, large voids. Of similar fabric and from same pyre: P 19058 (Young 1951b, no. 4:15, p. 119). 325-300 1479 (P 18583) Fig. 87, P1. 111 Young 1951b, no. 7:19, p. 123. B 19:6 H. 7.3; Diam. 9.0. Mended from twenty-three fragments,with small areas restored; burning on bottom and handle. Rounded bottom. Spots and drips of thin glaze on wall near handle; very hard, light brown household fabric (7.5YR 6/4). Also of household ware in a contemporarycontext: P 28495 (Q20:4). 300-270 1480 (P 18584) Fig. 87, P1. 111 Young 1951b, no. 7:20, p. 123. B 19:6 H. 6.3; Diam. 8.1. Mended from twenty-seven fragments, a few gaps restored; slight burning. Rounded bottom. Lower wall pared. Traces of glaze near handle on rim. Hard, brown household fabric (7.5YR 5/4). Similar:P 18585 (fromsame pyre), P 18469 (H. A. Thompson 1948, pp. 166-167, pl. 46:3 [C 17:2]), P 9729 (F 5:2), P 28563 and P 28564 (P 6:4). 300-270 1481 (P 9688) Fig. 87, P1. 111 F 5:2 H. 6.6; Diam. 7.8. Unbroken and complete except for two chips of rim; slight burning. Flat bottom with string marks. Groove on outside of rim. Light red to reddish yellow household fabric (2.5YR 6/67.5YR 7/6) of medium hardness. Similar: P 9687 (AgoraXII, no. 1940, p. 372, pl. 93, from same pyre). Also with flat bottom but with pared lower body and larger: P 9728 (AgoraXII, no. 1939, p. 372, pl. 93, from same pyre), P 741 (H. A. Thompson 1934, B 32, p. 341, fig. 21 [H 16:3, north chamber]), P 18582 (Young 1951b, no. 7:18, p. 123 [B 19:6]). Ca. 270 1482 (P8412) Fig. 87, PI. 111 D 11:2 H. 6.2; Diam. 7.4. Mended from four fragments;about half missing, including handle. Rounded bottom. Slendererthan usual, with low maximum diameter. Lower body pared, sloping shoulder. Outturned rim. Hard, reddish yellow household fabric (5YR 6/6). 270-250? LOPADION

1483 (P 28508 a, b) Fig. 87, P. 112 P 20:3 H. (body) 3.1, (lid) 2.5; Diam. (body) 10.1, (lid)8.3.

387

Complete. Body (a) mended from seven fragments, lid (b) from five fragments;burning on inside and part of outside of body, top and bottom of lid. Rounded bottom with prominent wheel marks,slightlyconcave below rim. Pronounced flange set deep below rim inside. Large loop handle rises high above rim. Lid nearly flat, with roughly cylindrical knob. Hard, red cooking fabric (2.5YR 5/6) with fine mica, lime, many voids. Similar flange: P 16663 (A 18:9), P 28235. Similar handle: P 19333 (AgoraXII, no. 1975, p. 374, pl. 95 [B 18:3]). 350-325 1484 (P 16742, P 16743) Fig. 87, P1. 112 Young 1951b, no. 10:10, p. 126. B 22:3 H. (body) 3.5, (lid) 2.2; Diam. (body) 10.9, (lid) 8.8. Body (P 16742) complete but cracked;lid (P 16743) mended from two pieces, with small chips missing. Rounded bottom. Concave upper wall meets convex lower wall at angle. Pronouncedflange inside rim. High loop handle. Low,domed lid with irregularwall and low, roughlycylindrical knob. Red cooking fabric (2.5YR 5/6) with fine mica, large quartz, and red inclusions of coarse to very coarse sand size. Ca. 300 1485 (P 19865 a, b) Fig. 87, PI. 112 Young 1951b, no. 11:7, p. 127. B 17:4 H. (body) 2.9, (lid) 2.2; Diam. (body) 9.3, (lid) 8.0. Lid (a) complete but cracked; body (b) mended from four pieces, with two small fragmentsmissing; slightly burned. Rounded lower body. Upper body concave below widely flaring rim with pronounced flange inside. Small, pinched handle. Low lid with roughly cylindrical knob. Possibly a few drips of purple glaze on floor; very hard, light reddish brown cooking fabric (5YR 6/4) with mica, quartz, lime, and black inclusions. Identical lid, from same pyre: P 19866 (Young 1951b, no. 11:8, p. 127). Ca. 325? 1486 (P 19055 a, b) Fig. 87, P1. 112 Young 1951b, no. 4:12, p. 119. B 18:1 H. (body)2.6, (lid) 2.3; Diam. (body) 9.8, (lid) 8.6. Body (b) mended from ten fragments, lid (a) from thirteen fragments,with most of bottom of body and small parts of lid restored;burning on bottom of body. Bottom nearly flat. Upper wall slightly concave. Rim concave on inside, with slight angle serving as flange. Small handle. Fairlyhigh lid with straightwall, broad knob slightly concave on top. Soft, very micaceous, light red household fabric (2.5YR 6/6) with pink surface (7.5YR 7/4). From same pyre: P 19056 (Young 1951b, no. 4:13, p. 119). 325-300 1487 (P 28560 a, b) Fig. 87, P1. 112 Shear 1973, p. 141, note 50. P 6:4 H. (body) 3.3, (lid) 3.1; Diam. (body) 10.0, (lid) 8.7. Body (a) mended from twelve fragments, lid (b) from seven fragments;trace of burning on part of outer rim of body. Rounded bottom. Fairlydeep body with flaring rim. Rim slightly concave on inside. Small handle. High, conical lid

388

CATALOGUE

with large knob, flat on top with string marks. Soft, reddish yellow household fabric (7.5YR 7/6) with much fine mica. Identical, from same pyre: P 28561. Also similar:P 20147 (Young 1951b, no. 12:8, p. 128 [B 17:5]). 325-300 1488 (P 18548 a, b) Fig. 87, P1. 112 Young 1951b, no. 8:11, p. 125, pl. 52:b; D. B. Thompson 1971, fig. 52. B 19:5 H. (body) 2.6, (lid) 3.1; Diam. (body)9.4, (lid)8.3. Body (a) mended from eight fragmentsand partly restored; lid (b) mended from nine fragments. Flat underside with string marks. Very slightly concave lower wall. Rim concave on inside, with slight flange. Small handle. Lid convex towardscenter,flaringout to slightconcavity near rim. Roughly molded cylindricalknob with nipple on top. Soft, reddish yellow to pink household fabric (5YR 7/67.5YR 7/4) with much fine mica. Shape as P 18549 a (Young 1951b, no. 8:12, p. 125, pl. 52:b, from same pyre, therejoined with lid of cooking fabric). 325-300 1489 (P 28496 a, b) Fig. 87, PI. 112 Shear 1973, p. 151, note 68. Q20:4 H. (body) 3.7, (lid) 3.1; Diam. (body) 10.4, (lid) 9.5. Body (b) mended from ten fragments, lid (a) from six fragments, with several pieces of both missing; traces of burning on lid. Flat underside with string marks. Convex wall, slightly concave at base and flaring at rim; deep body. Rim concave on inside. Small handle. Conical lid with slightly flaring knob with string marks on top. Pink household fabric (7.5YR 7/4) of medium hardness. Identical lid, from same pyre: P 28497. Closely similar: P 9726 (AgoraXII, no. 1562, p. 346, pl. 69 [F 5:2]), P 18475 (Young 1951b, no. 13:14, p. 130 [C 17:2]), P 26219 (body only [L 17:5]). 300-250 1490 (P 18586 a, b) Fig. 87, P. 112 Young 1951b, no. 7:15, p. 123. B 19:6 H. (body) 3.4, (lid) 3.6; Diam. (body)9.8, (lid)8.4. Body (b) mended from seven fragments, lid (a) from ten fragments, with small areas of both restored; burning inside body and inside and outside lid. Flat underside with string marks. Fairlydeep body, concave at base and angling out to rim. Rim slightly concave inside. No handle. High, conical lid, slightly flaring knob with string marks on top. Soft, very micaceous, light brown household fabric (7.5YR 6/4). 290-270 1491 (P9724a,b) Fig. 87, P1. 112 AgoraXII, no. 1563, p. 346, pl. 69. F 5:2 H. (body) 2.3, (lid) 2.6; Diam. (body)9.3, (lid) 7.7. Body (a) mended from six fragments, lid (b) from three fragments;traces of burning on all surfaces.

Broad, flat underside with string marks. Shallow body with nearly straightlower wall. Rim offset to outside, slightly concave on inside. Small handle. Low lid with slightly concave wall, flaring knob with string marks on top. Soft, very micaceous, light brown household fabric (7.5YR 6/4). Similar,from same pyre: P 9723. Ca. 275 COVERED BowL 1492 (P 19053 a, b) Fig. 88, P1. 112 Young 1951b, no. 4:10, pp. 118-119, pl. 51:a; AgoraXII, p. 346, under no. 1565; AgoraXIV, p. 16, pl. 26:b (wrongly numbered). B 18:1 H. (bowl) 3.2, (lid) 2.7; Diam. (bowl) 12.9, (lid) 12.3. Bowl (b) mended from thirty-eight fragments; lid (a) from eighteen fragments,with small areas restored;burned. Rounded bottom. Broad shallow body with steep wall, slightly concave below rim. Rim inset to receive lid. Top of knob deeply concave with nipple, groove around outer edge. Hard, light red fabric (2.5YR 6/6) with much fine mica; thick, shiny brown-to-blackglaze inside, to rim. Similar,curvedprofile:P 19054 (AgoraXII, no. 1565, p. 346, pl. 69, from same pyre), P 6972 (D-E 8-9:1). 325-300 1493 (P 18581 a, b) Fig. 88, P1. 112 Young 1951b, no. 7:14, p. 123; AgoraXII, no. 1566, p. 346, pl. 69. B 19:6 H. (bowl) 3.5, (lid) 3.0; Diam. (bowl) 14.3, (lid) 13.3. Bowl (b) and lid (a) each mended from fourteen fragments, lid partly restored;burned. Rounded bottom meets nearly vertical wall at angle. Outturned rim, interior concave to receive lid. Lid has broad, low knob, deeply concave on top, with groove around edge; groove at top of wall, around knob. Hard, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/6) with very little mica; thin, dull brown glaze inside, to rim. Similar:P 6970 and P 6971 (D-E 8-9:1). 325-275 1494 (P 7781) Fig. 88 E 3:1 H. 2.9; Diam. 10.6. Mended from six fragments,small pieces of rim missing. Slightly convex wall. Broad, low knob with concave, nippled top and inwardly beveled edge. Reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/6) of medium hardness, with much fine mica; unglazed. Similar:P 6975 (D-E 8-9:1). 300-250 1495 (P 8405) Fig. 88 D 11:2 H. 2.8; Diam. 10.9. Mended from four fragments;one-third of rim restored. Domed lid with broad knob deeply concave on top. Hard, fine, very micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/6) with some white inclusions;unglazed, exterior polished. 300-225 1496 (P 16268) N 21:4, lower fill PH. 3.3; Diam. 11.8.

Fig. 88, P1. 112

HADRA HYDRIA Mended from four pieces, with center of floor and onefourth of rim restored;burning on exterior. Rounded bottom. Slightly convex, nearly vertical wall. Outturned rim. Reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/6) of medium hardness, with much fine mica; dull, peeling, red-to-brown glaze inside, to rim. 250-225 1497 (P 16269) Fig. 88, P1. 112 N 21:4, lower fill H. 4.2; Diam. 10.5. Mended from five fragments;part of rim and wall restored. Rounded bottom meets upper wall at slight angle. Upper wall nearly vertical. Slightly outturned rim slopes steeply to inside on top. Very micaceous, gritty, light red to reddish yellow fabric (2.5YR 6/6-5YR 7/6) of medium hardness,with small white inclusions; dull red glaze on inside, including rim. Cf. Nicolaou 1984, no. 221, p. 249, fig. 3:65 on p. 238, pl. LV:65. 250-225 1498 (P 18740) M21:l

389

H. 4.1; Diam. 12.3. Mended from four pieces; about half of rim restored. Very slightly concave underside with small nipple. Lower wall convex, upperwall straightand nearlyvertical. Outturned rim, broad and flat on top. Hard, very micaceous, light red fabric (2.5YR 6/6) with a few white inclusions and voids; thin, shiny brown glaze on inside, top of rim mostly unglazed. 225-175 1499 (P 18741) Fig. 88, PI. 112 M21:1 H. 4.6; Diam. 11.0. Mended from six fragments; part of wall and one-sixth of rim restored;burning on outside. Flat underside with central nipple (pot rocks on its base). Wall slightly concave at bottom. Spreading lower wall meets vertical upper wall at slight angle. Outturned rim, broad on top and sloping inward. Hard, fine, very micaceous, pink fabric (ca. 5YR 7/4) with a few small voids; thin, dull reddish brown glaze on floor and part of rim. 225-175

Fig. 88, PI. 112

IMPORTED POTTERY HADRA HYDRIA 1500 (P 6313) Pls. 113, 114 ILV, October 19, 1935, p. 648, fig. 3; Shear 1936, p. 37, fig. 37; Guerrini 1964, A 3, p. 10, pl. I; B. F. Cook 1966, p. 7, note 3; Callaghan and Jones 1985, p. 15, fig. 5:F; Enklaar 1985, no. 1:9, p. 141; H. A. Thompson 1990, p. 262. E 14:1, lower fill H. 32.2; Diam. 18.9. All of one handle, most of the other, and parts of rim and body restored. High, flaring foot; broad, beveled resting surface; pointed underside. Groove at junction of foot and body. Projecting, overhanging rim. Two slightly upturned, horizontal handles at belly; broad, vertical strap handle with two broad, shallow grooves, from shoulder to below rim. Decoration in brown glaze. Two narrow bands on top of rim, one broad and one narrow band inside rim. Tongues on vertical face of rim. Opposing olive garland on neck. Band at junction of neck and shoulder. Linked buds with dots at tips on shoulder; broad band flanked by narrow bands below. Wall divided into three registersby three lines below handle attachment, one line lower down. Upper register,A: black-figuredbirdsflankearred tripod, with vertical herringbonepanel to left and right. B: two olive swags with large bow at center, below handle, flanked by vertical herringbone panel at left and right. Middle register: frieze of dolphins leaping right. Lower register undecorated. Broad band at base of body. Three bands on foot. Two vertical bands on vertical handle. Hard, fine, reddish yellow fabric (7.5YR 7/6) with white inclusions and surfacevoids. Dromeus Painter (Callaghan). For identical dolphins cf. Guerrini 1964, A 5-A 8, pls. I, XI, XII; Callaghan andJones 1985, p. 15, fig. 5; Callaghan 1984, p. 791, pl. CXXIV: 1. 230-210

1501 (P7194) Fig.88,Pl. 113 Shear 1937, pp. 375-376, fig. 40; Guerrini 1964, A 10, p. 10, pl. I; B. F Cook 1966, p. 7, note 3; Callaghan 1981a, p. 56, note 66; Enklaar 1985, no. 6:3, p. 143; Callaghan and Jones 1985, sample no. 15, p. 5. D 11:2 PH. 28.8; Diam. 19.4. Foot, lower wall, horizontal handles, and pieces of wall missing. Deep, ovoid body with nearly horizontal shoulder. Neck slightlyoffsetat base. Projectingrim, slightlythickenedat edge. Broad, vertical strap handle runs from shoulder to just below rim. Horizontal handles are round in section. Decoration in brown to red glaze with white overpainting. Two bands on top of rim, one inside rim, one at base of neck, one at shoulder, two below handle attachment. Vertical edge of rim glazed. Shoulder: row of exclamation points. Belly, A: broad piece of drapery,pinned at sides and hanging down, with ends trailing in a zigzag with dot rosette at tip. Border of drapery painted with white line and row of dots; white wavyline and dot rosettes on drapery. B: three palmettes, the central one right side up, the flanking ones upside down. Two rows of diagonal blobs on vertical handle. Hard, very fine, micaceous, pink fabric (7.5YR 7/6) with a few fairlylarge white inclusions. Hippocamp Painter (Callaghan). Cf. Robinson, Harcum, and Iliffe 1930, nos. 620, 621, pp. 267-268, pl. XCVIII. 225-200 1502 (P 12098) N 20:4, fill II PH. 7.4; Diam. 6.4. Foot and half of lower body preserved.

Fig. 88, P1. 113

390

CATALOGUE

Molded foot, concave with groove underneath. Low stem. Ovoid body. Decoration in orangish brown glaze. Swag (originally three?) in thin glaze bound by darker fillets and tied with bows at ends. Below, broad band with narrow band

above and below. Above, broad band with narrowband below. Hard, fine, micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 7/6). Context of 110-75

LAGYNOS WARE LAGYNOS DECORATED

AngularBody,Shape1 1503 (P3376) Fig. 88, PI. 115 H. A. Thompson 1934, E 72, pp. 403-404, fig. 92; PF II, p. 111. F 15:2 (Group E) H. 21.5; rest. Diam. 19.5. Part of handle and over half of body restored. Angular foot; beveled resting surface;nearly flat underside. High lower body. Curved shoulder with smooth transition to long, nearly cylindrical neck. Torus rim. Double-grooved strap handle with thumb impression at base. Decoration in red glaze: band on foot (starting slightly above bottom), base of neck, and rim; broad band with narrow one above and below at angle of body. Wreaths or swags on shoulder; bows perhaps hang from band around neck. Fairlyhard, fine, very micaceous, light red fabric (2.5YR 6/8) with quartz(?) inclusions;pink slip (7.5YR 8/4) has not adhered well. For shape cf. a lagynos in Istanbul (PF II, pp. 101, 105, fig. 6:1) and CVA,Brussels3 [Belgium 3], pl. 2 [140]:18. Context of 150-110

Flat resting surface. Slight groove at junction of foot and underside. High, nearly vertical lower body. Convex shoulder offset from short, tubular neck. Plain, slightly outturned rim. Decoration in brown glaze. Band on foot, base of neck, lip; at angle, broad band with two narrowones above and below. On shoulder:wreath wrapped with fillet and tied with round bow; three-footedlantern or thymiaterionwith peaked top; wreath; lacuna; wreath. Irregularfillet on either side of lower handle attachment. Hard, slightly micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/6); very pale brown slip (10YR 6/6). Forlantern/thymiaterion cf. 1534 and Leroux 1913, no. 1, pp. 15-16 (Delos). For wreaths with similar bows see Leroux 1913, nos. 67, 68, pp. 38-40 (Cyrenaica);AeXr 20, 1965, B' 1 [1967], p. 33, pl. 33:P (Athens);DelosXXVII, D 99, D 100, D 102, p. 252, pl. 44. For shape cf. BCH 94, 1970, p. 996, fig. 230:c on p. 1002 (Gialova, Messenia). Context of 150-86

1504 (P 10900 a) Fig. 88, PI. 115 D 12:2, lower fill PH. 17.8; rest. Diam. 18.7. Neck and about half of shoulder preserved; partially restored. Convex shoulder with smooth transitionto long, cylindrical neck. Torus rim. Decoration in brown glaze: band on rim and at base of neck; broad band with two narrow bands above at angle of shoulder; on shoulder, wreath tied with square bow, syrinx, krater, wreath, bow of a third wreath. Hard, very micaceous, light brown fabric (7.5YR 6/4); very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Same hand as 1521, with which it was found; musical instruments probably also appear on 1534. For syrinx cf. Bruneau 1970, no. 85.1, p. 487, fig. 140 (Argos);AntiochIV, i, p. 28, fig. 8:21; SwCyprusExp IV, iii, fig. 28:5; AA [JdI 22] 1907, no. 16, cols. 137-139, fig. 9 (Kertch). Other musical instrumentsare common: Leroux 1913, nos. 6, 66, 70, pp. 1718, 37-38, 40-41 (Delos, Cyrenaica); Delos XXVII, D 105, p. 252, pl. 44; BCH 78, 1954, p. 221, fig. 5 (Delos); Bruneau 1970, no. 59.29, p. 471, figs. 87,88 (Argos);AvPXI, ii, no. 101, p. 72, pl. 43:3 (Pergamon); Bohtz and Albert 1975, no. 4, p. 507, fig. 36 (Pergamon); CVA,Sevres [France 13], p. 49, pl. 24 [553]:25 (Benghazi). Ist-century context

1506 (P3374) Fig. 89, PI. 115 H. A. Thompson 1934, E 71, p. 403, fig. 92; PF II, p. 111. F 15:2 (Group E) H. 15.9; Diam. 16.7. Vertical section of handle and over half of body, foot, and underside restored. Low, flaring foot; flat resting surface; well-formed, slightly convex underside. Lower body very high and nearly straight. Offset at base of short neck. Cup mouth with thin, sharp lip. Double-grooved strap handle. Decoration in brown to brown/orange glaze: band on foot, base of neck, and rim; at angle, broad band with two thin lines above and below; on shoulder, one wreath tied with square bow preserved. Very micaceous, hard, fine fabric, mottled from light red to reddish yellow (2.5YR 6/6-5YR 6/6); thick, white slip (10YR 8/2), yellow on neck. For shape cf. Kokkou-Buridi 1982, no. 108, p. 55, pl. AA. Forwreath with square bow see Leroux 1913, no. 17, pp. 2122 (Eretria),no. 27, pp. 24-25 (Myrina), no. 33, pp. 26-27 (Olbia), nos. 66, 70, pp. 37-38, 40-41 (Cyrenaica);BCH 78, 1954, p. 221, fig. 5 (Delos, in context of mid-2nd century and slightly later);Tsakos 1994, p. 161, fig. 7 (Samos);PF II, F 11, p. 114, pl. 45 (Pergamon);AvP I, ii, p. 277, fig. a (Pergamon); AvP XI, ii, no. 101, p. 72, pl. 43:3 (Pergamon, in context dating after middle of 2nd century); Belin de Ballu 1972, p. 115, pl. XXXVIII (Olbia); Vilimkova and Wimmer 1969, no. 96, p. 39, pl. 96 (Libya);Antikenaus rheinischem Privatbesitz, no. 86, pp. 63-64, pl. 41 (Italy). Square bows also appear on a hemisphericalbowl from Chalkis(AeXT 27, 1972, B' 2 [1977], pp. 340-341, pl. 292:ao). Context of 150-110

1505 (P 16853) Fig. 89, P1. 115 G 13:8 H. 15.8; Diam. 16.2. Handle, most of bottom, and half of body missing.

1507 (P 3375) Fig. 89, P1. 115 H. A. Thompson 1934, E 70, p. 403, fig. 92; PF II, p. 111. F 15:2 (Group E) H. 16.6; Diam. 17.8.

LAGYNOS WARE Half of mouth, half of vertical section of handle, part of shoulder,most of lower body, and center of floor restored. Low, flaring foot; flat resting surface; nearly flat underside. Lower body nearly vertical. Convex shoulder runs smoothly into short, tubular neck with widely flaring rim. Doublegrooved strap handle with thumb impression at base. Decoration in brown glaze: band on foot, base of neck, and rim; at angle, broad band with two narrow ones below and one above; on shoulder, three swags wrapped with fillets and tied with round bows. Hard, very micaceous, reddishyellow fabric (7.5YR 7/6); pinkish white slip (7.5YR 8/2). Forthe swags see 1511, 1520, 1535; Alt-AginaII, i, nos. 667, 669, p. 84, pl. 51 (from a grave of the third quarter of the 2nd century); SamosXIV, p. 156, fig. 251:B; AeXr 28, 1973, B' 1 [1977], p. 527, pl. 497:4 (Samos, in context of late 2ndearly 1st century);PF II, F 13, F 14, p. 114, pl. 43 (Pergamon); AvP I, ii, p. 277, Beiblatt46:6 (Pergamon).The same composition appears also on a white-ground hemisphericalbowl from Chalkis(AeXr 27, 1972, B' 2 [1977], pp. 340-341, pl. 292:or). Context of 150-110 1508 (P 19178) Fig. 89, P. 115 D 17:11, lower fill H. 13.9; Diam. 15.5. Handle, upper part of neck, and parts of wall missing. Low, irregular foot; flat resting surface; convex, irregular underside. Lower body with nearly vertical wall, irregularly pared at bottom. Convex shoulder. Offset at base of neck. Decoration in orange glaze: band on foot and at base of neck; at angle, broad band with two narrow ones above; rays on shoulder. Soft, very micaceous, pink fabric (7.5YR 7/4); dull, micaceous, very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). For rays see 1514, 1522; Leroux 1913, no. 35, pp. 27-28 (Olbia);BCH 94, 1970, p. 996, fig. 230:c on p. 1002 (Gialova, Messenia); Delos XXVII, D 97, p. 252, pl. 45; PF II, F 10, p. 114, pl. 44 (Pergamon). Context of 100-50? 1509 (P808) PI. 115 Area F 16 Max. p. dim. 5.4. Fragmentof shoulder. Shoulder slightlyconvex. Decoration in brown glaze: broad band at angle with two narrow bands above; tendrils of ivy(?) garlandon shoulder. Hard, friable,lightred fabric(2.5YR 6/6) with abundant golden mica; hard, pinkish white slip (7.5YR 8/2). Garlands also appear on 1516 and 1537. For ivy garlands on lagynoi see Leroux 1913, no. 45, pp. 30-31 (Cyprus),no. 65, p. 37 (Cyrenaica);Broneer 1935, pp. 71-72, fig. 16 (Corinth); BCH 96, 1972, pp. 190-191, fig. 56:a (Argos, in context of middle to third quarter of 2nd century); Belin de Ballu 1972, p. 115, pl. XXXVIII (Olbia);PF II, F 21-F 23, p. 114, fig. 6:13, pl. 43 (Pergamon);Giannikouri, Patsiada, and Philimonos 1990, p. 176, pl. 90:a, P (Rhodes);AntiochIV, i, p. 28, fig. 8:17, 19, 20; SwCyprusExp IV, iii, figs. 23:1, 28:9, BCH 84, 1960, pp. 294-295, fig. 71, BCH 101, 1976, p. 857, fig. 33, BCH 108, 1946, pp. 952-953, fig. 152, and BCH 109, 1985, no. 11, p. 900, fig. 12 (all from Cyprus);CVA,Mainz 2 [Germany 43], p. 79, pl. 39 [2096]:5 (probablyfrom Cyprus);CVA,Brussels3 [Belgium 3], pl. 2 [140]:13 (Cyrenaica);Kokkou-Buridi1982, no. 108, p. 55, fig. 7, pl. AA. Grapevines are also known but are much less common: AntiochIV, i, p. 28, fig. 8:18; CVA, Stuttgart 1 [Germany 26], pl. 40 [1252]:1, 2 (Alexandria).

391

1510 (P 28331 a, b) PI. 115 Area N 5, lot BA 115, with 1624 Est. Diam. of body 19.0; max. p. dim. (a) 10.9, (b) 4.7. Two nonjoining sections of body. Lower body nearly straight. Profile not strongly angular. Decoration in reddish orange glaze: broad band with two narrow ones below it at angle; herringbone around lower shoulder, with another band above. Hard, somewhat coarse, light red fabric (2.5YR 6/6) with golden mica and white inclusions; matte, very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Context of 2nd century B.C. to first half of 1st century after Christ 1511 (P 4194) P1. 115 Area C-G 13-16 Max. p. dim. 13.2. Fragmentof shoulder and angle. Convex shoulder; angle not very acute. Decoration in tan glaze: broad band with two narrow bands above it at angle; on shoulder,parts of two swags tied with ribbons, dot rosettes in field. Fairlyhard, slightly micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (7.5YR 7/6); matte, very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Forcomparandasee 1507. Forsimilarswag in Attic pottery see 1282. AngularBody,Shape2 1512 (P8947) Fig. 89, Pl. 116 M 20:1, middle fill PH. 13.9; Diam. 20.0. Mouth, handle, and pieces of body missing. Low foot; flat resting surface; slightly convex underside. Straight lower body of equal height with convex shoulder. Slight sinking at base of neck. Strap handle. Decoration in red glaze: band on foot and at base of neck; broad band with two narrowbands above at angle; corolla of pointed lotus petals on shoulder. Hard, fine, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/6); dull, reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 8/6). For shape see comparanda listed under 1528. For lotus petals cf. 1513, 1515, 1535, 1537-1539; AvP IX, p. 123, pl. 59:b:2-4; AvP XI, ii, nos. 102, 208, pp. 72, 80, pl. 43:4; PF II, F 56, p. 115, pl. 46 (all from Pergamon); and I. R. Metzger 1994, nos. 3, 4, pp. 78-79, pls. 36, 37:y (Eretria). Context of 115-86 AngularBody,Miniature 1513 (P 10010) Fig. 89, P1. 116 A 14:1, fill II (lowerpart) H. 6.5; Diam. 6.2. Foot chipped. Flaring foot; flat restingsurface;convex underside. Straight walls. Low, concave neck flaring to plain rim. Double handle. Decoration in orange glaze, with preliminary incised sketch: lower half of lower body glazed; band on rim and at base of neck; broad band with narrow band above it at angle; on shoulder,pointed lotus petals alternate with lines. Soft, very micaceous, pink fabric (7.5YR 7/4); dull, very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). For decoration see comparanda listed under 1512. For preliminarysketch cf. PF II, F 22, p. 114, fig. 6:3, pl. 43. Context of 1st century B.C. to 1st century after Christ RoundBody 1514 (P 601) Fig. 90, P1. 116 H. A. Thompson 1934, D 30, p. 377, fig. 63; PF II, p. 111.

392

CATALOGUE

H 16:4 (Group D) P.H. 21.1; Diam. 14.3. Foot, lower body, half of rim, and fragmentsof wall missing. Globular body. Offset at base of long, tubular neck. Torus rim. Double-grooved strap handle. Decoration in orangish brown glaze: narrow band on rim and at base of neck; broad band with two narrow ones above and below at mid-height; rays on shoulder. Hard, fine, very micaceous, light red fabric (2.5YR 6/6); dull, chalk-whiteslip. Cf. Leroux 1913, no. 95, pp. 49-51 ("Russiemeridionale"); Pagenstecher 1913, pp. 31-32, fig. 38 (Melos). Forother round lagynoi see Bruneau 1970, no. 59.2, p. 466, fig. 75 (unglazed and undecorated), no. 85.1, p. 487, fig. 139, and no. 188.1, p. 504, fig. 175, all illustrated in fig. 209 on p. 515 (Argos); Pfrommer 1985, no. 50, p. 58, fig. 50 on p. 75 (Miletos);Atasoy 1974, no. 46, p. 263, pl. 54, fig. 20 (Eski?ehir);Masson 1984, p. 230, pl. XLVIII (Cyprus);CVA,Stuttgart 1 [Germany 26], p. 46, pl. 40 [1252]:3 (Rome). For rays see comparanda to 1508. Context of 160-130 1515 (P7000) Fig. 90, P1. 116 D 11:4, lower fill P.H. 14.9; Diam. 14.9. Neck, handle, and one-third of body missing. Flaring foot; curved resting surface;slightly pointed underside. Strap handle. Decoration in red to brown glaze: band on foot and at base of neck; one broad band with two narrow ones above and below at belly; on shoulder, corolla of lotus petals with jeweled ribs alternating with rays. Hard, somewhat coarse, very micaceous, light red fabric (2.5YR 6/6) with black, red, and white inclusions;dull, pink slip (5YR 7/3). For lotus corolla see under 1512. 2nd- to Ist-century context

Lower part of neck and part of upper shoulder. Slightly convex shoulder, smooth transition to neck. Decorationin brownglaze: band at base ofneck; fourswagswrapped with fillets and tied with round bows on shoulder. Fairlyhard, very micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 7/6); very pale brown slip (O1YR8/3). Nearly identical and probably from the same workshop: AX-r 20, 1965, B' 1 [1967], p. 32, pl. 33:P, upper right (Athens). Context of 1st century after Christ (no lot) 1519 (P4009) Neck Fig. 90, P1. 116 H. A. Thompson 1934, C 15, p. 351, fig. 29 on p. 348; PF II, p. 111.

G 6:2 (Group C) P.H. 3.4; max. p. dim. 5.3. Base of neck and top of shoulder. Neck made separately and inserted into body. Decoration in orange-brown to brown glaze: band at base of neck; part of square bow on shoulder below. Hard, fine, very micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/6); hard, lustrous, very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Context of 225-165 1520 (P6020) Wallfragment PI. 116 E 14:3 Max. p. dim. 10.1. Fragmentof shoulder. Concave shoulder. Decoration in orange glaze: broad band with narrowone above it at angle; on shoulder,swagswrapped with filletsand tied with roundbows. Hard, micaceous, reddish yellow fabric(5YR 7/6); dull, very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). See comparanda under 1507. Context of 115-50

1516 (P 19660) Fig. 90, P1. 116 F 19:3, lower fill P.H. 9.3; max. p. dim. 15.4. Part of lower body and shoulder. Decoration in brown glaze: on belly, one broad band with two narrow ones above and below; traces of tendrils(?)on shoulder. Hard, fine, very micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/6); shiny, reddish yellow surface, perhaps slipped (5YR 7/6). For garlands see under 1509. Context of 115-86

1521 (P 10900 b) Wall fragment Fig. 90, P1. 116 D 12:2, lower fill Max. p. dim. 10.7. Two fragmentspreserve part of shoulder. Very convex, thereforeprobablypart of round-bodied lagynos. Decoration in brown glaze: syrinx, with trace of wreath tied with square bow at right. Hard, very micaceous, light brown fabric;dull, very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3). Same hand as 1504, with which it was found. Forcomparanda see 1504 and 1506. Ist-century context

1517 (P5840) Fig. 90, PI. 116 E 15:3, upper fill P.H. 10.3; Diam. 14.2. Over half of body restored;neck and handle missing. Angular foot; flat resting surface;slightly convex underside. Body a flattenedsphere,with nearlyhorizontalshoulder. Strap handle. Decoration in red glaze: band on foot; double band below handle attachment, above half height; bead and reel on shoulder. Hard, fine, very micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (7.5YR 7/6) with a few white inclusions; dip glazed to within 1.5 cm. of bottom with hard, lustrouspink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Mixed late Hellenistic to Byzantine context

1522 (P 4179) Shoulder and neck PI. 116 Area H 15, lot K 63b Max. p. dim. 7.2. Part of shoulder and base of neck. Slightly convex shoulder runs smoothly into neck. Decoration in brown glaze: row of dots around base of neck; rays alternate with dots on shoulder. Fine, hard, somewhat micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 7/6); slightly lustrous,pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). For rays see references under 1508. For dot borders see BCH 91, 1967, no. 10, p. 298, fig. 60 and BCH 108, 1984, pp. 952-953, fig. 152 (Cyprus). Mixed early and late Roman context

Fragments 1518 (P 3774) Shoulder and neck Area M 23-24 P.H. 6.3; max. p. dim. 10.6.

1523 (P4076) Neck Fig. 90, P1. 116 H. A. Thompson 1934, D 31, p. 377, fig. 62; PF II, p. 111. H 16:4 (Group D) P.H. 4.0.

P1. 116

LAGYNOS WARE Base of neck. Concave neck. Brown band around base of neck. Hard, fine, only slightlymicaceous, light red fabric(2.5YR 6/6); hard, dull, very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4). Context of 160-130 1524 (P 26324) Handle P1. 116 M21:1 P.H. 13.5; W. 3.0. Lower part of handle. Vertical, double-grooved strap handle. Trace of orange glaze on wall below handle. Soft, somewhat coarse, very micaceous, reddishyellow fabric (5YR 6/6) with red and white inclusions;white slip (10YR 8/2), mostly missing. Similar to handles of 1503, 1514. Cf. Leroux 1913, no. 66, pp. 37-38 (Cyrenaica); AeXt 21, 1966, B' 2 [1968], p. 336, pl. 358:1)(Thessaloniki);Acke 28, 1973, B' 2 [1977], p. 526, pl. 497:P (Samos);AvP I, ii, p. 277; PF II, fig. 7:1 (Pergamon). Context of 250-175 1525 (P 17088) Handle Pls. 116, 147 Area A-B 21, lot NN 290 P.H. 12.3; W. 2.5. Upper part of handle and part of neck. Double-grooved strap handle with right-angle bend, stamped on top: 'AxTr'ou. Hard, very micaceous, light reddish brown fabric with black, red, and white inclusions; dull, chalk-whiteslip. Another stamped handle, reading Xorirtou,is reported from Bab ben Gashir in Libya (Labraunda II, i, p. 18, note 5) and illustratedin Vilimkov, and Wimmer 1969, no. 96, p. 39, pl. 96. Late 2nd- to Ist-century context 1526 (P31968) Handle P1. 116 N 20:4, fill I or II P.H. 11.5. Handle and part of neck. Rope handle runs from shoulder to neck. Thin neck. Hard, very micaceous, light reddish brown fabric (5YR 6/3) with small black, red, and white inclusions;hard, matte white slip. Context of 110-75 BANDED (CYPRIOT?)

Shape1 1527 (P9044) Fig. 90, P1. 117 M 20:1, middle fill H. 23.9; Diam. 22.7. Parts of bottom, body, and neck restored; a few pieces missing. Low foot with torus profile; flat resting surface; nearly flat underside. Slightly convex lower body, convex shoulder. Smooth transition to neck. Slightly concave neck, flaring slightly to torus rim. In red glaze: band on foot and rim; one broad band with two narrow ones above it at angle. Soft, somewhat coarse, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 7/6) with white inclusions and much fine mica; dull, micaceous, reddishyellow slip (7.5YR 8/6). Cf. Maximova 1979, no. 8, p. 106, fig.45, pl. 11:5(Artiukov's kurgan);PaphosIII, no. 15, p. 20, fig.XI; Papuci-Wladyka1994, p. 265, pl. 213:38 (Paphos). Context of 115-86

393

Shape2 1528 (P 14363) Fig. 90, PI. 117 McFadden 1946, p. 473. E 14:6, lower fill P.H. 16.2; rest. H. 16.8; rest. Diam. 20.0. Rim and three-fourthsof body restored. Low foot; curved resting surface;nearly flat underside with spiral marks. Upper and lower body of equal height, both slightly curved. Smooth transition to neck. Rope handle. Red band on foot. Soft, coarse, porous, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/6) with fine mica, many red and white inclusions,some large pieces of quartz;pink slip (7.5YR 8/4) now almost totally missing. Cf. 1512 and 1529-1532. For other lagynoi of this same general shape and decoration see Kaltsas 1990, no. 13, p. 12, pl. 14:7)(Pylos);Dilos XXVII, D 110, p. 252, pl. 45 and Zapheiropoulou and Hatzidakis 1994, pp. 244-245, pl. 199:a (Delos, in late-2nd-to early-Ist-centurycontexts);Piene, no. 19, p. 401, fig. 539:2 on p. 422 (with different mouth); Giannikouri, Patsiada, and Philimonos 1990, p. 175, pl. 90:d (Rhodes); BCH 90, 1966, p. 335, fig. 89:b (Cyprus); PaphosIII, series 6, nos. 16, 17, pp. 20-21, figs. X, XI, pl. V:6; [Kourouniotes] 1902, col. 161, pl. H:8 (Antikythera).Of similar shape but with decoration on the shoulder is Belin de Ballu 1972, pl. XXXVIII, top left (Olbia). Late 2nd to early 1st century? (3rd-century context, disturbed) 1529 (P 14427) Fig. 90, P1. 117 M 20:1, middle fill H. 20.6; est. Diam. 21.6. Large parts of body restored. Low foot; flat resting surface;flat underside. Straight lower wall, convex, sloping upper wall. Smooth transition to neck, which flares at top to slightly rolled rim. Slightly twisted rope handle. In red glaze: band on foot and mouth; broad band with two narrow bands above at angle. Hard, only slightly micaceous, pink fabric (7.5YR 7/4) with many red and white inclusions;dull, pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). For comparanda see 1528. Context of 115-86 1530 (P 14426) Fig. 91, P1. 117 G. R. Edwards 1965, p. 21, fig. 10. M 20:1, middle fill H. 21.1; Diam. 24.3. Center of floor,part of rim, and large parts of body restored. Low, angular foot; curved resting surface; nearly flat underside. Lower body nearly straight, shoulder slightly convex. Smooth transition to neck. Concave neck flaring to cup mouth. Slightly twisted rope handle. In red glaze: band on foot and lip; broad band with two narrow bands above it at angle. Hard, somewhat coarse, porous, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/6) with fine mica and many brown, red, and white inclusions;dull, pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). For comparanda see 1528. Context of 115-86 1531 (P 20497) Fig. 91, P1. 117 E 14:3 H. 17.5; Diam. 22.4. Part of lower body missing; half of shoulder and most of handle restored.

394

CATALOGUE

Low,angularfoot; flatrestingsurface;flatunderside. Slightly convex lower body, convex shoulder. Slight offset at base of neck. Thin neck, slightlyflaring to torus rim. Rope handle. In red glaze: band on foot and rim; broad band with two narrow ones above it at angle. Fairlyhard, coarse, porous, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/6) with fine mica, large white and smaller black and red inclusions; traces of pink slip (7.5YR 7/4). For comparanda see 1528. Context of 115-50

1532 (P8930) Fig. 91, P1. 117 M 20:1, middle fill H. 8.8;Diam. 11.7. Rim and foot chipped. Low foot; flat resting surface; convex underside. Straight lower body, convex shoulder. Slight sinking at base of neck. Low neck with concave walls; cup mouth. Rope handle. In red glaze: band on foot and at top of shoulder; broad band with two narrowbands above it at angle. Soft, fine, very micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 7/6); dull, micaceous, very pale brown slip (O1YR8/3). For comparanda see 1528. Context of 115-86 PYxis 1533 (P 4077 a, b) Body and lid Fig. 91, P1. 118 H. A. Thompson 1934, D 32, p. 378, figs. 62, 64. H 16:4 (Group D) P.H. (a) 2.6, (b) 2.6; est. Diam. of rim (b) 15.0; max. p. dim. (a) 6.3, (b) 13.8. Small segment of rim and flange of lid (a) and about onethird of circumference of pyxis rim (b). Lid has verticalrim and domed top offsetfromflange. Trace of inwardly projecting flange on rim of pyxis. On lid, black dots on upper surface of flange and tan band at outer edge of flange. On pyxis, reddish brown band at lip, with thinner line below. Hard, fine, very micaceous, light reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/6) with a few large white inclusions; very pale brown slip (O1YR8/3) on top and on lower surfaceof flange of lid, on exterior and upper interior of pyxis. Slip is hard on pyxis, dull on lid. Although of the same fabric and diameter,the two may not be a pair; rim of lid is not high enough to rest on flange inside rim of pyxis. Context of 160-130

1534 (P 9045) Body Fig. 91, P1. 118 M 20:1, middle fill H. 34.6; rest. Diam. 25.9. Part of foot, much of wall, and over half of rim restored. High ring foot; flat resting surface;irregular,slightlyconvex underside. Broad flange at bottom of high, cylindrical body. Rim inset to receive lid. Decoration in reddish brown glaze. Broad band with two narrow ones below at top of body, below inset rim. Broad band flanked by two narrow ones at half height, dividing body into two registers. Upper register:three spearhead necklaces tied with large, round bows at ends, with palmettes flanked by asterisksabove. Lower register:wreaths with round bows alternate with basket(?), two dotted vertical lines (auloi?), syrinx(?),lantern, and one undecipherable

object. Three narrow bands above flange at base of wall and one on edge; large bead and reel on upper surface of flange. Hard, fine, very micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 7/6); dull, very pale brown slip (10YR 8/3) on outside, only partially coveringfoot and lower surfaceof flange, lacking on underside. For spearhead necklace see AntiochIV, i, p. 28, fig. 8:26. For palmettes cf. MirmekiI, p. 69, fig. 83; AvP I, ii, p. 277, Beiblatt46:5; PF II, F 25, p. 114, pl. 43, fig. 7:2; Dent, Lloyd, and Riley 1976-1977, no. 23, p. 150, fig. 7; Antikeninrheinischem no. 86, p. 63, pl. 41. For musical instruments see Privatbesitz, comparanda under 1504; for lantern see under 1505. Context of 115-86 1535 (P 9515) Body Fig. 91, P1. 118 N 19:1, upper fill (Group F) H. 21.6; rest. Diam. 27.4. Fullheight apparentlypreserved;almostall of rim and much of body restored. Ring foot; flat resting surface; convex underside. Cylindrical body with projecting flange at bottom. Decoration in orange glaze. Wall divided into two registers by broad band with narrow band above and below; these appear again at top of preserved section of body. Upper register: alternating pointed and rounded ribbed lotus petals, upside down, with dot rosettes between tips. Rounded petals have double edges and are decorated with dots. Pointed petals have double stems marked with zigzag lines and hatched interiors. Lower register: swags tied by round bows, with pointed lotus petal painted in at one point, upside down. Lattice pattern on upper surface of flange, band on edge. Hard, fine, very micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 7/6); dull, very pale brown slip (O1YR8/4) outside only, lacking on part of foot, underside of flange, and, except for a few crisscrossedlines, on underside. For lotus petals see comparanda under 1512; for swags see comparanda under 1507. 110-86 (context of 110 to early 1st century after Christ) 1536 (P 8931) Body Fig. 92, PI. 118 M 20:1, middle fill H. 14.9; Diam. 12.8. Flange chipped; body partly restored. Ring foot; roundedrestingsurface;convex underside. Slight flange at bottom ofwall. Body slopes inwardtowardstop. Inset rim. Decoration in orange glaze. Two bands below rim; above flange at base of body broad band with one narrowband below and two above. On wall, five swags bound with ribbons and tied with large, round bows. Hard, fine, somewhat micaceous, light red fabric (2.5YR 6/6); hard, dull, very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4) over entire exterior and inside rim. Cf. Leroux 1913, no. 121, pp. 59-60. For decoration see DelosXVIII, B 338-8797, p. 378, pl. CV:934 (a thymiaterion) and referencesunder 1507. Context of 115-86 1537 (P 19110) Body Fig. 92, PI. 118 N 20:4, fill II P.H. 12.2; Diam. 14.9. Upper body missing;wall chipped. Ring foot; flat resting surface; flat underside. Cylindrical body,taperingto top, projectingslightlyat bottom. Decoration in orange glaze. Broad band with two narrow ones above it at bottom of body; another similar set of bands partwayup body,

LAGYNOS WARE dividing wall into two registers. Upper register: lotus petals with double outlines and ribs, upside down. Lower register: ivy tendrils with dot rosettes, running right. Hard, fine, very micaceous, reddish brown fabric (5YR 7/6); dull, very pale brown slip all over exterior,including underside (10YR 8/3). For lotus petals see comparanda to 1512. For ivy garland see comparanda to 1509. Context of 110-75 1538 (P 6021) Lid Fig. 92, PI. 118 E 14:3 P.H. 5.3; Diam. 13.7. Knob missing; about one-fifth of wall and rim restored. Domed lid with offset above horizontal flange and around knob. Rim slopes slightly inward. Decoration in orange glaze. Band on offset below knob, two bands at edge of dome, one at inner and outer edge of flange, and one on lip. On dome, lotus corolla:pointed petals alternate with rounded petals with double, dotted ribs. Fairlyhard, fine, very micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/6); dull, pink slip inside and outside (7.5YR 8/4). Cf. PF II, F 56, p. 115, pl. 46. For lotus petals see 1512. 115-50 1539 (P 14815) Lid Fig. 92, P1. 118 0 22:1 Max. p. dim. 9.5. Broken all around, with knob missing. Knob or stem made separately,with two square moldings at base. Decoration in red glaze: lotus petals with dotted ribs alternate with plain petals on wall. Hard, fine, micaceous, light red fabric (2.5YR 6/6); very pale brown slip (10YR 8/4) on outside only. Inside unglazed but carefullysmoothed. For lotus petals see 1512. Disturbed 4th-century context OTHERSHAPES

1540 (P 20545) Large vessel Fig. 92, P1. 119 D 17:11, lower fill P.H. 20.1; rest. Diam. 31.8. About half of lower body and part of foot and underside restored; upper part of vessel missing. Mended in antiquity; parts of two lead clamps preserved,with holes for two more. High, flaring ring foot, slightly angular at top; flat resting surface; slightly convex underside. Decoration in dark brown glaze: broad band on foot (partly fired red); at maximum diameter,broad band with two narrowbands above and below. Very micaceous, fairly hard, fine pink fabric (7.5YR 7/4); dull white slip (10YR 8/2). Context of 100-50? 1541 (P 14436) Cup or miniature Fig. 92, P1. 119 krater M 20:1, middle fill H. 8.4; rest. Diam. 8.1. About half of wall and two-thirdsof rim restored. Foot with molded profile, deeply concave underneath. Ovoid body with ridge at top; concave upper wall. Slightly projecting rim, convex on top. Decoration in orange glaze: thickverticallines possibly flankinga handle attachment;thick

395

diagonal line on upper wall. Hard, very micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/6) with small dark inclusions; white slip over all (1OYR8/2). A similar piece comes from F 13:3 (P 31924, upper fill [unknowndepth]). Context of 115-86 1542 (P8129) Cup Fig. 92, PI. 119 C 10:1 P.H. 8.0; est. Diam. 8.0. Two joining fragments preserve part of rim and much of profile. Deep cup with vertical upper wall, curving in to rounded bottom or very small foot. Plain rim. Decoration in orange glaze: broad band below rim, then two narrow bands; trace of more glaze further down on body. Soft, very micaceous, light brown fabric (7.5YR 6/4); very slight traces of chalk-whiteslip outside, yellowish red glaze inside (5YR 5/6). Cf. PF II, F 58 (without foot), F 59, F 60 (with foot), pp. 108, 115, pl. 46; AeXr 27, 1972, B' 2 [1977], pp. 340-341, pl. 292:aT (without foot: Chalkis). Context of 120-90 1543 (P31923) Cup Fig. 92, Pl. 119 F 13:3, upper fill (unknowndepth) P.H. 2.0. Bottom preserved. Hemispherical cup with slightly pointed bottom. Fairly hard, fine, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 7/6); dull brown glaze inside, very pale brown slip outside (1OYR 7/4) with black glaze dot and circle at center of bottom. Cf. PF II, F 58, p. 115, pl. 46. Context of 150-86 1544 (P 31753) Smalljug PI. 119 Area Q-R 10, lot EA 345 Max. p. dim. 6.2; wall Th. 0.25. Fragmentof wall. Sloping shoulder,curving in to fairlywide neck. Groove on shoulder. Fairlyhard, fine, micaceous, pink fabric (7.5YR 7/4) with a few dark red inclusions;very pale brown slip (ca. 10YR 8/3) on outside and upper inside; shiny outside, duller inside. Cf. a moldmade jug in Istanbul (PF II, p. 103, fig. 8:2). Context of before ca. 150 1545 (P 8532) Moldmade fragment Fig. 92, PI. 119 Area E6, lotKK 129 Max. p. dim. 7.5. Wall fragment. Lower(?)part moldmade:vertical lines between ridges, over tips of pointed lotus petals. Upper body wheelmade. Decoration in dull black glaze: broad band on wheelmade body with two narrow ones below, one narrow one preservedabove. Hard, slightly micaceous, pink fabric (7.5YR 7/4); thin, dull, white slip (O1YR8/2). Cf. PF II, F 62, pp. 108, 115, pl. 46 and moldmade vessels illustratedin fig. 8. For moldmade lagynoi in black glaze see Antikenin rheinischem no. 118, p. 81, pl. 54; Zahn Privatbesitz, 1908, no. 32, pp. 68-69, fig. 32 on p. 73. Late Hellenistic context

396

CATALOGUE RELATED MATERIAL IN OTHER LIGHT-GROUND WARES

GLOSSYSLIPWARE

1546 (P 5839) Lagynos Fig 92, PI. 120 Bruneau 1970, p. 466, under no. 59.2. E 15:3, upper fill Rest. H. 19.8; rest. Diam. 13.5. Half of foot and underside and most of body restored. Angular foot; beveled resting surface;nearly flat underside. Flattened globular body. Offset at base of long, tubular neck. Molded rim, slightly concave to inside. Strap handle with central groove. Fairly hard, very micaceous, light red fabric (2.5YR 6/6); dip glazed to about half height of body with hard, dull, pink slip (5YR 8/3). For similar rim cf. 1548 (D 11:1). Mixed late Hellenistic to Byzantine context 1547 (P 9288) Lagynos Fig. 92, P1. 120 AgoraV, F45, p. 15, pl. 1. N 19:1, upper fill (Group F) H. 20.3; Diam. 16.9. Underside, parts of body, and most of handle restored. Flaring ring foot; flat resting surface. Flattened globular body. Fairlylong, tubular neck. Flaring rim, flat on top and undercut on interior. Tightly arched, double-grooved strap handle. Hard, fine, micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 7/6); dip glazed to within ca. 4 cm. of bottom with hard, shiny, pink slip (7.5YR 8/4). Cf. P 10714, red-gloss reliefjug of 1st century after Christ (Shear 1938, p. 347, fig. 31). Second half of 1stcentury (contextof 110 to early 1stcentury after Christ) 1548 (P9128) Largejug Fig. 93, P1. 120 D 11:1 Rest. H. 35.7; rest. Diam. 27.3. Over half of foot and underside and most of body restored; profile reconstructedrather than preserved. Low,flaringring foot; flat restingsurface;convex underside. Nearly spherical body. Ridge at base of short, wide, tubular neck. Molded rim, concave to inside. Broad, triple-grooved strap handle flanked by pellets at upper attachment. Hard, light brown fabric (7.5YR 6/4) with little mica and many small dark inclusions;shiny,reddish yellow slip (7.5YR 8/6), mostly missing. P 4320 (mouth fragment), from mixed Hellenistic and Roman fill at F 14 (lot r 140), is closely similar in shape but of different fabric (very micaceous, light red fabric [2.5YR 6/6] and shiny,white slip). Similar rim but smaller: 1546. Context of 50 B.C. to A.D. 50

1549 (P 19850 a-c) Beaker? P1. 120 Area D 17 P.H. (a) 5.0, (b) 3.9, (c) 2.5; est. Diam. 13.0. Three nonjoining wall fragments. Vertical wall with groups of four vertical gouges. Thin, horizontal groove at bottom of gouges. Hard, fine, somewhat micaceous, reddishyellow fabric(ca.5YR 6/6) with small black inclusions;shiny,pink slip (ca. 7.5YR 8/4) on outside only. Decoration as 1586 and P 19857. BANDED, UNSLIPPED LAGYNOI

Shape1 1550 (P9127) D 11:1

Fig. 93, PI. 120

P.H. 19.8; rest. Diam. 18.2. Underside, almost all of foot, most of lower body, and onethird of shoulder restored;handle and upper neck missing Low foot; flat resting surface. Nearly hemispherical lower body. Strap handle? Broad brown band at angle. Hard, very micaceous fabric with many white inclusions and a smaller number of black and red ones, light red at core (2.5YR 6/6), reddish yellow at surface (7.5YR 7/6); no slip. Context of 50 B.C. to A.D. 50

1551 (P 19472) Fig 93, PI. 120 B 18:12, lower fill H. 13.2; Diam. 18.7. Handle and pieces of body missing. Low foot; flat resting surface; flat underside. Deep lower body, nearly horizontal upper body. Short neck with cup mouth. Strap handle. Faint traces of broad band with narrow band below at angle. Soft, coarse, porous, light gray fabric (2.5Y 7/2) with large (0.1-0.4 cm.) black, red, and white inclusions;no slip. 2nd-century context Shape2 1552 (P3188) Fig 93, PI. 121 H. A. Thompson 1934, E 73, p. 405, fig. 92; PF II, p. 111. Found in upper fill of F 15:3 but probably intrusive from F 15:2 (Group E) H. 18.3; Diam. 23.0. Most of handle and parts of foot, underside, and body restored. Low foot; flat resting surface; flat underside with some string marksstill visible. Straightlower body, convex shoulder. Tapering neck with torus mouth. Rope handle. In red glaze: band on foot and rim; broad band with two narrow bands above it at angle. Fairly hard, fine, pink fabric (7.5YR 8/4) with mica and a few small white inclusions; no slip. M incised just below angle. Same shape and decoration as 1528-1532. Cf. Leroux 1913, no. 9, pp. 18-19 (Delos); Dent, Lloyd, and Riley 19761977, no. 24, p. 151, fig. 7 (Benghazi); and perhaps Konstantinopoulos 1986, p. 151, fig. 168. 150-110? (Roman context) 1553 (P 26248 a, b) P1. 121 Area L-M 17, lot 1 208 PH. (a) 6.7; est. Diam. 24.0; max. p. dim. (b) 6.0. Part of foot, lower body, lower shoulder,and base of handle (a), and fragment of lower shoulder and angle (b). Flaringfoot; flat restingsurface. Straightlower wall, slightly convex shoulder. Rope handle. In red glaze: broad band on foot; broad band with one narrow band above and two below at angle. Fairlyhard, pink fabric (7.5YR 7/4) with a few white inclusions;no slip. Late-2nd-centurycontext UNDECORATED, UNSLIPPED LAGYNOI

1554 (P 14449) Fig. 94, P1. 121 G. R. Edwards 1965, p. 21, fig. 9. M 20:1, middle fill H. 27.3; Diam. 23.7. Most of rim, lower handle, and parts of body restored.

WHITE GROUND, POLYCHROME DECORATION Low foot; beveled resting surface; flat underside. Deep, convex lower body; convex, nearly horizontal shoulder. Slight sinking at base of neck. Two light grooves on shoulder. Long, cylindrical neck, projecting rim. Triple-groovedstrap handle. Soft, coarse, porous, slightly micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (7.5YR 6/6) with small and large black, red, and white inclusions;no slip. Context of 115-86 1555 (P 14450) Fig. 94, PI. 121 M 20:1, middle fill H. 16.8; Diam. 19.6. Most of handle and parts of body restored. Raised base, slightlyconcave underneath. Deep lower body, convex shoulder. Two light grooves on upper shoulder,two on lower shoulder. Low, concave neck, flaringto plain rim. Fairly

397

hard, coarse, porous, micaceous, very pale brownfabric (10YR 7/4) with black, red, and white inclusions, some of them large; no slip. Context of 115-86 1556 (P 5552) Fig. 94, P1. 121 E 14:3 P.H. 13.4; Diam. 15.6. Two-thirdsof rim and part of body restored;foot and lower body missing. Lower body pared, curved in sharply. Nearly straight, sloping shoulder. Concave neck. Cup mouth. Triple-grooved strap handle. Fairlyhard, very micaceous, pink fabric (7.5YR 7/4) with small black, red, and white inclusions;no slip. Context of 115-50

WHITE GROUND, POLYCHROME DECORATION PYXIS 1557 (P 10903) Body Fig. 94, P1. 122 D 12:2, lower fill P.H. 11.4; Diam. 20.4. Middle of floor, half of flange, and most of body missing. Low ring foot; rounded resting surface; slightly convex underside. Cylindrical body with broad flange at base. A black band above a pink band about halfway up preserved part of body. Trace of another black band at point where body widens into flange. Hard, fairly coarse, micaceous fabric with many small black, red, and white inclusions,red at core (2.5YR 5/6), pink on surface (7.5YR 7/4); dull, very pale brown slip (1OYR8/4) on outside, from flange upward,chalk white where decoration has flaked away. Ist-century context 1558 (P 14429 a, b) Body and lid Fig. 94, PI. 122 M 20:1, middle fill H. (body) 23.3, (lid) 14.2, (total) 36.5; Diam. (body) 19.9, (lid) 19.9. Wall, rim, and flange of body (a) partly restored; part of knob, dome, edge of flange, and rim of lid (b) restored. Low ring foot; flat resting surface; irregularlyconvex underside. Cylindrical body with broad flange at bottom. Rim inset to receive lid. High, domed lid with slightly upturned flange. Rim slopes inward. Hollow, fig-shaped knob, concave on top. Coarse, very micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/6), mottled to pink on lid (7.5YR 7/4), with many black, red, and white inclusions;no slip preserved. Context of 115-86 1559 (P 14728) Lid Fig. 94, PI. 122 Area A 18 PH. 13.5; Diam. 22.5. Half of rim and flange and part of dome restored; top of knob missing. Domed lid with horizontal flange, vertical rim. Hollow, pear-shaped knob. Red tongues on flange; black band at junction of flange and dome; red bead and reel with pink band above it on dome; another red band further up; horizontal black and red stripes on knob. Coarse, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/4) with abundant mica and black, red, and white inclusions; dull, chalk-white lime wash outside only (reacts with hydrochloricacid).

Same red tongues appear on rim of P 11881 (N 19:1, upper fill [Group F]); cf. also 1560. Cf. Ktibler and Gebauer 1942, col. 243, fig. 19 in col. 231. Late Hellenistic context 1560 (P 12097) Lid Fig. 94, PI. 122 N 20:4, fill II P.H. 5.5; Diam. 15.3. Knob and half of rim and flange missing. Domed top offset from horizontal flange. Rim concave to outside, flat on bottom. Hollow knob base. Red tongues on flange; red band at junction of flange and dome; pink band near top of dome; green band around base of knob. Hard, somewhat coarse, very micaceous, light red fabric (2.5YR 6/8) with large white and small black inclusions; chalk-white slip outside only. For tongues see 1559. Context of 110-75 1561 (P 12103) Lid Fig. 95, P1. 122 N 20:4, fill II H. 15.0; Diam. 21.5. Most of rim missing;partly restored. Domed lid with slightly upturned flange and offset below knob. Vertical rim. Hollow, pear-shaped knob. Red band on rim; brown band at junction of dome and flange; broad pink band on lower part of dome. Hard, coarse fabric with fine mica and abundant white inclusions, some of them large, and smallerblack and red inclusions;color varies from reddish yellow to very pale brown (5YR 6/6-10YR 7/3); a few traces of dull white slip. Context of 110-75 1562 (P 14428) Body Fig. 95, PI. 122 M 20:1, middle fill H. 20.0; Diam. 16.5. Most of rim and part of body and underside restored. Projection with molded edge at bottom; slightly concave underside. Slightly tapering cylindrical body. Rim inset to receive lid. Traces of two brown lines on lower wall and a red line slightly above them. Soft, somewhat coarse, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/6) with many small black, brown, and

398

CATALOGUE

white inclusions and some mica; dull chalk-white slip, mostly missing. Context of 115-86

fabric (7.5YR 7/4) with a few large, red inclusions; fugitive, chalk-whitelime wash outside only. Late Hellenistic context

1563 (P 5652) Lid Fig. 95, P1. 122 E 14:3, in tunnel leading to E 14:1 P.H. 4.0; Diam. 11.6. Flange chipped; knob missing. Domed lid with upturned flange. Rim slopes inward. Base of knob solid. Fairly hard, coarse, very micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 7/6) with brown and white inclusions;trace of chalk-whiteslip inside. Context of 115-50

1566 (P 22862) Body Fig. 95, P1. 123 H-K 12-14 H. 3.1; Diam. of foot 5.4; Diam. at top 5.5. Partsof rim and of both flanges missing. Underside irregularlyconcave, with raised area at center. Base of wall projects in two degrees. Upper wall flares out to broad flange. Low, vertical rim. Red paint on rim; traces of red and black on upper flange. Fairly hard, fine, micaceous, pink fabric (7.5YR 7/4); traces of chalk-whiteslip. Context of before ca. 180

1564 (P 10902) Body Fig. 95, P1. 123 D 12:2, lower fill H. 21.9; Diam. 27.1. Bottom, one handle, and part of wall and rim restored. Bottom of pyxis curves in, apparentlyto flat bottom. Cylindrical body with flange at top and bottom; deep groove at twothirds height. Lip raised only very slightly above upper flange. Horizontal strap handles. Ox-blood red band at junction of lower flange and body; traces of pink above it; ox-blood red band at junction of upper flange and body. Somewhat coarse, red fabric (2.5YR 5/8) with abundant mica and red and white inclusions;traces of chalk-whiteslip. Similar: P 21657 (A 14:1, fill II), but with no trace of slip and no groove on wall. Cf. Kubler and Gebauer 1942, col. 243, fig. 19 in col. 231; some similarity in shape to a much smaller pyxis from Edessa (Drougou 1991, p. 133). 1st-centurycontext 1565 (P 19851) Lid Fig. 95, P1. 123 Area D 17, lot 00 381 P.H. 3.7; est. Diam. 20.0. Single fragment preservespart of rim and outer part of lid. Moldmade. Horizontal, projecting rim with relief garland, groove at outer edge. Edge of rim pared. Domed lid with relief bead and reel at top. Above this, top of lid was concave. Scraped groove near top and bottom of domed area. Underside irregular. Yellow concave top and bead and reel, the latter with traces of gilding. Traces of pink and yellow on dome. Yellow garland on rim, with traces of gilding, on pink background. Very soft, very fine, and very micaceous pink

OTHERSHAPES

1567 (P 26425) Thymiaterion Fig. 95, P1. 123 T 17:3 P.H. 3.9; Diam. 6.8. Half of bowl and all of stand missing. Projectingflange at top of broad stand. Shallow bowl with flaringsides. Red inside bowl, red stripe at top of stand. Hard, somewhat micaceous, light brown fabric (7.5YR 6/4); chalkwhite slip. Cf. DdlosXVIII, pp. 377-378, pl. CV:929, 930, 932, 934; PF II, F 44-F 48, pp. 106-108, 115, pls. 47-49. 1st-centurycontext 1568 (P 10904 a, b) Conical cup Fig. 95, P1. 123 D 12:2, lower fill Est. Diam. 21.5; max. p. dim. (a) 14.5, (b) 6.5. Part of rim and wall (a) and nonjoining section of wall (b). Spreading wall of shallow cup, with four grooves partway up exterior. Rim beveled to inside, with groove below. Groove further down inner wall divides interior into two zones. Inner zone bordered by groove and black line: parts of three rows of imbricate, rounded petals, the inner two pink and outlined in yellow and black, the outer row outlined in black. Upper zone: on yellow ground, broad, horizontal white stripe with traces of red, and with short, thin, black strokes along it on either side. Very hard, thin, brittle, and very micaceous fabric with a few blisters, light red in break (2.5YR 6/6), paler on surface;fugitive, chalk-whiteslip inside. Ist-century context

OTHER WHITE-GROUND VESSELS 1569 (P 4078) Amphora? Fig. 95 H. A. Thompson 1934, D 33, p. 378, fig. 62. H 16:4 (Group D) P.H. 6.6; est. Diam. 23.0. Fragment of rim and upper wall. Nearly vertical wall flaring to molded rim. Hard, slightly micaceous, red fabric (2.5YR 5/6) with very small white inclusions; chalk-whitelime wash inside and out. Context of 160-130

1570 (P 18744) Small dish Fig. 95, P1. 123 M21:1 PH. 2.2; Diam. 9.4. Most of foot and center of floor missing;rim chipped. Trace of foot with angular profile. Small, shallow dish with

molded, overhanging rim. Very fine, hard, micaceous, light red fabric (2.5YR 6/6); thick, chalk-whiteslip inside only. Context of 250-175

1571 (P 6323 a, b) Cup? Fig. 95, P1. 123 E 14:1, lower fill P.H. (a)4.7, (b) 4.5; est. Diam. of rim 6.0. Two nonjoining fragmentsof rim and upper wall. Body slightlyconcave at top, narrowingin from wider lower body. Sharply outturned rim. Delicate attachment on rim made of three folds of clay; originally there were probably two pairs of these. Below one pair, on fragment a, applique boukranionwith large horns, probably handmade. Fairlysoft, pinkish gray fabric (7.5YR 7/2); very fugitive white slip inside and out.

GRAY WARES Probably part of late Hellenistic (150-75) disturbance in E 14:1 1572 (P 15012) Thymiaterion Fig. 95, P1. 123 Area F 19, lot rr 288 H. 6.4; Diam. 7.4. Part of rim and wall missing. Conical stand, flaring at bottom. Deep, spreading bowl. Irregularity to right of break suggests that there may have

399

been a single handle. Hard, fine, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/6) with black and white inclusions;thick, white slip. Cf. Belov 1962, p. 171, fig. 33 (2nd century). Also somewhat similarare Sciatbi,no. 250, p. 85, pl. LIX:136 and five unglazed cups from an Augustangrave at Priene (Prine, no. 112, p. 428, fig. 545:4). 2nd or st century? (context mainly of 3rd century after Christ but with two late Hellenistic coins [-211, -212

GRAYWARES WHEELMADE IONIAN PLATTERS

1573 (P 6864) Platterwith offset rim Fig. 95, P1. 124 AgoraXXI, F 234, p. 45, pl. 21. D 12:2, lower fill Est. Diam. 48.0. About one-third preserved;foot missing. Mended in antiquity; one lead clamp and holes for two more preserved. Horizontalfloor with groove and ridge edge. Offsetrim with molded edge. Stampedpalmetteson outer molding; withinthis a coarse cable pattern and a ridge. Two circles of rouletting on floor: outer circle bounded by two grooves to outside, one to inside; inner circle bounded by one groove to outside, two to inside. Between circles one large stamped palmette and trace of another (probablyoriginallyfour radiatingpalmettes). Extremely micaceous, light brownish gray fabric (10YR 6/2); dark gray to brown glaze (10YR 4/1-7.5YR 4/4). Owner's mark under foot: ]tvawou. Same fabric as 1574 and 1575. Later examples of the shape: P 3551, P 7981, P 5343, P 20564, the last two in a closely similar fabric. For similar stamping on gray ware see DelosXXVII, D 53, p. 248, pl. 43; AvP XI, i, no. 270, p. 142, pl. 50; Prene,no. 11, II, i, nos. 341, 342, p. 75, pp. 398-399, fig. 526; Labraunda pl. 17; SamariaIII, no. 39, p. 259, fig. 52:39. 1st-centurycontext 1574 (P 6874)

Platterwith Fig. 95, P1. 124 upturned rim D 12:2, lower fill H. 3.7; est. Diam. 57.0. About one-fourth of rim and part of floor preserved. Low ring foot; flat resting surface. Ridge outside foot, possibly originally part of foot. Horizontal floor. Thick, upturned rim, triangularin section. Rouletting within pairs of grooves on floor; large ionic column stamped at center. Soft, extremely micaceous fabric with some large pieces of mica, gray on surface (10YR 5/1), pale brown at core (10YR 6/3); dark gray glaze (2.5Y N3/). Fromsame context and of same fabric:P 6874 bis,P 6874 ter, same fabric as 1573 and 1575. Same shape in a later context: P 4300, P 32018, P 32019 (the latter two from middle fill of D 11:4). Cf. OlBerVI, pp. 48-49, fig. 28:a; Mitsopoulou-Leon 19721975, p. 506, fig. 4:B (Ephesos); EphesosIX, ii/ii, F 2-F 7, p. 82, pl. 94; TarsusI, no. 556, p. 253, fig. 196; HESamaria, Type VP.5, p. 294, fig. 182:9; PaphosIII, no. 22, p. 151, fig. XIII:11; BenghaziIII, i, Form B73.2, p. 55, fig. 9. For decoration cf. Technau 1929, p. 48, BeilageXXVIII: 1 (Samos). Ist-century context

1575 (P 16410) Platterwith upturned rim Fig. 95 F 19:3, lower fill H. 3.7; rest. Diam. 53.5. About half of rim and isolated fragmentsof floor preserved; foot and center of floor missing. Heavily restored. Flat, horizontal floor. Thick upturned rim. On floor, roulettingbounded by groove outside. Four(?)grooveson outer wall. Extremely micaceous, gray fabric (10YR 5/1); very dark gray glaze (10YR 3/1), brown in places (7.5YR 4/2). A closely similar piece from the same context: P 16411. Same fabric as 1573 and 1574. For a similar shape in ESA see SamariaIII, no. 14, p. 314, fig. 73:14 (Form 1). Context of 115-86 KNIDIAN GRAY WARE

1576 (P 20735) Two-handled cup Fig. 96 Area Q 11, lots SA 323-325, probably part of Stoa of Attalos Building Fill (P-R 6-12) H. 7.5; est. Diam. of rim 18.0. Small segment of cup from rim to foot; floor missing. Slightly micaceous, gray fabric (2.5YR 5/10), in some areas light red near surface (2.5YR 6/6); dull black glaze, heavily micaceous. Context of before ca. 150 1577 (P 602) Two-handled cup Fig. 96, P1. 124 H. A. Thompson 1934, D 17, p. 372, figs. 58, 118 on p. 437; AgoraV p. 13, under F 29. H 16:4 (Group D) H. 7.8; Diam. of body 17.6, of rim 17.0. One handle, one-third of rim, and part of foot and floor restored. Slightly nippled underside. Light brown fabric (7.5 YR 6/4); thin, gray glaze, orange in places. Similar,from same deposit: P 603 (H. A. Thompson 1934, D 18, p. 372). Context of 160-130 1578 (P 16399) Two-handled cup Fig. 96, P1. 124 F 19:3, lower fill P.H. 7.3; rest. H. 7.7; Diam. of body 17.2, of rim 16.3. One handle, foot, and one-third of body restored. Brown fabric (7.5YR 5/4); thin, dull gray glaze inside, brown outside. Similar: P 20524, from context of 1st to early 3rd century after Christ (N 20:5, lower fill). Context of 115-86 1579 (P 12162) Two-handled cup N 20:4, fill I H. 8.2; Diam. of body 17.0, of rim 15.6.

Pls. 124, 148

400

CATALOGUE

Handles and about half of body restored. Pointed underside. Three large palmettes within coarse rouletting on floor. Light brown fabric (7.5YR 6/4); dull gray glaze inside, orange on upper outside. Other stamped examples at the Agora: P 11846, P 8904, P 11847 (AgoraV,F29-F 31, pp. 13-14, pls. 1, 64, fromN 19:1, upper fill [Group F]), P 20456, P 6915 (palmettes, applique frogs). For others stamped with palmettes see SamosXIV, p. 162, fig. 172; AntiochIV, i, p. 29, fig. 8:31, 32; Wright 1980, no. 95, p. 158, pl. 32. Context of 110-75 OTHER GRAY WARES

1580 (P 31714) Skyphos? Fig. 96, P1. 124 H-K 12-14 P.H. 3.1; Diam. of foot 5.4. Lower wall and base preserved,with small hole in bottom. Flaring, molded ring foot; broad, beveled resting surface; flat, nippled underside. Offset at base of body. Light brownish gray fabric (10YR 6/2) with fine mica; thick, shiny blackglaze. Context of before ca. 180 1581 (P 11859 a, b) Kantharos Fig. 96, PI. 124 N 19:1, upper fill (Group F) Est. Diam. 9.5; PH. (a) 7.0; max. p. dim. (b)4.0. Part of rim, neck, shoulder,and one handle, partly restored (a);wall fragment with lower handle attachment (b: not illustrated). Thin-walled vessel with globularbody. Slightlyflaringneck. Verticalrim, inset and slightlyconcave to outside. Straphandle concave to outside, from shoulder to below rim. Fine, hard, micaceous, gray/light gray fabric (10YR 6/1); dull, very dark gray glaze outside (7.5YR N3/), gray inside (10YR 5/1). Context of 110 to early 1st century after Christ 1582 (P 3426) Parabolic cup Fig. 96, P1. 124 H. A. Thompson 1934, E 157, p. 426, fig. 112. F 15:2 (Group E) Rest. H. 8.2; Diam. 14.5. Bottom, much of lowerwall, and part of upperwall restored. Deep cup. Rim beveled to inside with shallow groove below. Hard, fine, somewhat micaceous, gray fabric (10YR 5/1); thick, shiny glaze, dark gray to very dark gray (10YR 4/1-7.5YR N3/). Shape probably as ESA Samaria Form 18 (SamariaIII, nos. 18, 21, p. 335, fig. 80). For the shape in Pergamene sigillata see PF VI, no. 58, p. 217, pl. 9, Type B 3, p. 78. A gray-ware cup of the same shape but with plain rim, from Heraclea, is displayed in the Siris Museum, in South Italy. Context of 150-110 1583 (P 31754 a, b) Hemispherical cup P1. 124 AgoraXXVII, no. 253, p. 201, pl. 53. Q9:4 P.H. (a) 4.5, (b) 3.4; est. Diam. of rim 12.0. Two nonjoining sections of rim. Steep wall. Band of rouletting at top, bounded by two grooves at bottom and one at top. Straight rim. Very hard fabric, possibly overfired,mostly gray (2.5YR N5/), with trace of red near surface on rim (2.5YR 5/6), with mica and white inclusions;thin, dull black glaze. Fabric similar to that of Knidian lamps (see AgoraIV Type 40 A, pp. 126-127); similar also to P 19759, P 23610,

P 20047 (AgoraXXII, nos. 393, 401, pp. 90-91, pls. 67, 68, 88, 89 [P-R 6-12]). Context of ca. 250-165 1584 (P 11836) Two-handled cup Fig. 96, PI. 124 AgoraV, F 26, p. 13, pl. 63; Moevs 1973, p. 81, under Form XXV. N 19:1, upper fill (Group F) H. 6.8; Diam. 12.8. Center of floor missing; many areas restored. Flaring, angular ring foot; flat resting surface. Incurved body with groove at top. High, vertical rim, slightly convex to outside, with groove at top and bottom. Two verticaldouble handles. Fine, hard but friable gray/light gray fabric (10YR 6/1) with little or no mica; very dark gray to brown glaze (7.5YR N3/-5/2), much missing. Cf. BenghaziIII, i, Form B84, p. 62, fig. 10 (Knidian gray ware). For the same shape in Cypriot sigillata see PaphosIII, no. 10, p. 150, fig. LII. Context of 110 to early 1st century after Christ 1585 (P 5843) Deep cup Fig. 96, PI. 125 E 15:3, upper fill Rest. H. 10.1; rest. Diam. 13.0. Small part of rim and about one-fourth of upper body preserved,with edge of lip missing;restored. Deep t .-! with greatest diameter near bottom. Wall decorated with evenly spaced groups of three vertical grooves. At top of wall, row of fine, verticalgroovesbetween two horizontal grooves. Lower body pared, undecorated. High, slightly inset and flaring rim. Fine, fairly hard, slightly micaceous, gray fabric (10YR 5/1) with some large white inclusions; very micaceous glaze, dull black outside, olive inside, mostly missing. For gouging see TarsusI, nos. 539, 540, 546, 548, 549, pp. 251-252, fig. 146, in a ware identified as black ESA, with the fabric often fired gray; the date is 1st century after Christ (pp. 184-185). Cf. also 1586-1588. 1stcenturyafterChrist? (mixedlate Hellenistic to Byzantine context) 1586 (P 20011) Beaker Fig. 96, P1. 125 Area D 17, found with 1587 H. 12.2; Diam. 9.3. About half restored. Slightly concave underside with groove around edge. Deep body. Lower three-fourths decorated with evenly spaced groups of five vertical grooves, increasingly shorter at right in each group. Upper wall plain above horizontal groove. Low rim, concave to inside. Soft, light brownish gray fabric (2.5YR 6/2) with small white and larger black inclusions and a little mica; dull black glaze outside to about 1.5 cm. from bottom and on inside of rim, mostly missing. Small fragments with similar decoration: P 19857 and, in a different fabric, 1549, both from D 17. Shape similar to brittle-warebarbotine beaker P 19275. Late Hellenistic context (no lot) 1587 (P 20012) Beaker Fig. 96, P1. 125 Area D 17, found with 1586 H. 12.4; Diam. 10.2. Complete profilepreserved,except for center of floor;about half restored. Raised base with raised disk at center; concave underside. Deep, ovoid body. Upper wall decorated with incised, dependent triangles. Two grooves at top of wall. Inset rim,

GRAY WARES slightly inclined. Fine, soft, light gray fabric (2.5YR 7/2) with small white and larger black inclusions;dull glaze ranges from black to gray to tan, mostly missing, with no trace of glaze on underside. Late Hellenistic context (no lot) 1588 (P 16408 a, b) Cup Fig. 96, PI. 125 F 19:3, lower fill Est. Diam. of foot 6.0; max. p. dim. (a) 3.8, (b) 4.3. Fragmentof base (a) and lower wall (b). Flaring, molded ring foot; grooved resting surface. Groove at base of wall. Wall decorated with diagonal grooves. Fine, soft, micaceous, gray/light gray fabric (10YR 6/1); dull gray glaze, mostly missing For similar shape and decoration in Pergamene sigillatasee PFVI, no. 37, p. 215, pl. 8, Type S 9, pp. 70-71. Context of 115-86 1589 (P 8915) Barbotine cup or jug Fig. 96, PI. 125 AgoraV, F 25, p. 13, pl. 1. N 19:1, upper fill (Group F) Rest. H. 9.4; rest. Diam. 9.5. Lower body and most of wall and rim restored. Ovoid body, upper two-thirds decorated with five rows of barbotine bosses. Body angles in to rim at top. Low rim, convex to outside. Hard, fine, grayish brown fabric (10YR 5/2) with small white inclusions and some mica; thick, shiny black glaze outside and on inside of rim. Small fragment of a piece with similar decoration: P 15690 context of first half of 1st century after Christ). 21:3, (S Cf. AntiochIV, i, p. 42, fig. 23:7, 8; PaphosIII, no. 11, pp. 6162, pl. XXII (Hayes dates these beakers in the early Roman period and identifies them tentatively as Knidian). Context of 110 to early 1st century after Christ 1590 (P 6024) Lagynos Fig. 96, P1. 125 E 14:3 Rest. H. 10.8; rest. Diam. of body 19.7; Diam. of foot 13.2. Most of foot and small part of wall and base of neck preserved;partially restored. Broad, flaring ring foot; narrow, beveled resting surface; convex underside. Angular profile, with groove just above angle and at base of neck. Rounded shoulder. Hard, fine, gray/light gray fabric (10YR 6/1) with fair amount of mica; hard, shiny black glaze inside and out. For another gray-ware lagynos see PF II, pp. 87-88, fig. 4. Context of 100-75 1591 (P 14413) Closed vessel Fig. 96, P1. 125 M 20:1, middle fill P.H. 6.3; Diam. of foot 6.9. Foot and part of lower body preserved. Flaring, angular ring foot; beveled resting surface; convex underside. Rounded profile. Fine, hard, light brownish gray fabric (10YR 6/2) with no visible mica; hard, shiny black glaze with voids on surface, inside and out, duller on inside. Context of 115-86 1592 (P 20154) Closed vessel Fig. 96, PI. 125 Area C-D 16-17, lot n11 221 Max. p. dim. 8.2. Fragmentof shoulder. Rounded shoulder with substantial offset at base of neck. Below shoulder, between horizontal grooves, a band of guilloche with circles stamped over it. Fine, hard gray/light gray

401

fabric (O1YR6/1) with much fine mica and a few white inclusions; very hard and shiny glaze, very dark gray to grayish brown, outside only (O1YR3/1-5/2). Late Hellenistic context 1593 (P 6024 bis) Pitcher or amphora PI. 125 E 14:3 P.H. (a) 8.4, (b) 5.6; est. Diam. of rim 16.0; max. p. dim. (c) 13.3, (d) 4.1. Fournonjoining parts of upper handle (a), lower handle (b), and rim (c, d). Widely flaring rim with raised band on inside and stamped ovolo on overhanginglip. Narrow,grooved handle with rotelle at arch. Fine, gray/light gray fabric (10YR 6/1) with a fair amount of fine mica and some white inclusions; hard, shiny darkgray glaze (2.5Y N3/). For an earlier version of the rotelle pitcher see LarisaIII, p. 126, pl. 48:5, 7. Context of 115-50 1594 (P 3427) Pitcher? Fig. 96, PI. 125 H. A. Thompson 1934, E 158, p. 427, fig. 112. F 15:2 (Group E) PH. 3.7; est. Diam. of rim 9.0. Less than half of rim. Widely flaring,slightly overhanging rim with groove inside. Hard, fine, micaceous, gray fabric(O1YR5/1); hard, darkgray glaze (2.5Y N4/). Context of 150-110 1595 (P 4199) Mask attachment from large PI. 125 closed vessel Webster 1961, p. 105; Webster 1969, AV 35, p. 61. Area C-G 13-16 P.H. 3.9. Single fragment of wall and base of handle. From fairly large vessel. At base of grooved strap handle, slave mask with shallow, lopsided trumpet, knitted brows, wreath. Hard, fine, gray/light gray fabric (10YR 6/1); shiny dark gray glaze, thinner inside (2.5Y N4/). For mask appliqu6 at base of grooved handle cf. AvP I, ii, no. 3, p. 277, Beiblatt44:3; cf. also 1593 for grooved handle. 1596 (P 14414) Round-mouthjuglet Fig. 96, PI. 125 M 20:1, middle fill H. 4.0; Diam. 6.0. Handle, center of floor, and two-thirdsof body restored. Bottom slightly concave, with groove around edge. Two grooves just above base of wall. Flaring rim. Strap handle from shoulder to rim. Very micaceous, light brownish gray fabric (O1YR6/2); dull grayish brown glaze (10YR 4/1) inside and out. Cf. Prine, no. 65, p. 422, fig. 538:7. Context of 115-86 1597 (P 12102) Krater Fig. 97, PI. 125 N 20:4, fill II H. 13.8; Diam. 23.9. About half restored, including one handle; foot missing. Hollow stem. Hemispherical body with ridge at base. Concave rim offset from body; molded, overhanginglip with broad groove on top. Horizontal, upturned handles, round in section, attached at top of body. Very micaceous, friable brown fabric (7.5YR 5/2); glaze mottled from dark gray to brown, much missing.

402

CATALOGUE

Foot possibly like 1710. For a similar shape in red ware see SamariaIII, no. 1, p. 342, fig. 83, upper left. Gray-ware kraters are mentioned by Technau (1929, p. 48). Context of 110-75 1598 (P 19019) Krater Fig. 97, P1. 125 Area A-E 16-23 P.H. 7.2; est. Diam. 34.0. Part of rim and upper wall. Two groovesat base of flaringrim with molded, overhanging lip. Outer edge of molding stamped with ovolo; flat top of rim stamped with false guilloche; ridge between the two is stamped with circles. Attachment for horizontal handle, round in section, at top of wall. Fairlymicaceous, hard, fine, gray/light gray fabric (10YR 6/1); glaze mottled darkgray to grayish brown (2.5Y N4/-10YR 5/2). Nearlyidentical:P 6039, frommixed Hellenisticand Roman fill at C 15. Similar but larger: P 22235, from O-P 16. See also 1707-1709. Fabric close to that of 1599. For a similar pattern of stamping see SamariaIII, no. 3, p. 328, fig. 78:3 (ESA plate, Form 8). 1599 (P4213) Krater orplate Fig. 97, P1. 125 Area F 14, lot r 88 Est. Diam. 29.0; max. p. dim. 7.1. Fragment of rim. Flaring rim with overhanging lip, broad groove on top. Ovolo stamped on edge, with cable above. Soft, fine, fairly micaceous, gray/light gray fabric (10YR 6/1); glaze mottled from dark gray to brown (2.5Y N3/-1OYR 5/3). Fabric close to that of 1598. Context of second half of 2nd century 1600 (P4299) Krater orplate Fig. 97, PI. 125 Area F 14, lot r 151 P.H. 3.0; est. Diam. 21.0. Fragmentof rim. Flaring rim with overhanging lip, groove on top. Edge stamped with ovolo, with beading above. Very hard, fine, gray fabric (10YR 5/1) with little mica; very hard, shiny,very dark gray glaze (2.5Y N3/). For similar stamping pattern in ESA see TarsusI, no. 269, p. 233, fig. 137; SamariaIII, no. 8, p. 328, fig. 78:8 (Form8). Mixed Classical to late Hellenistic context, with late Roman disturbance 1601 (P 31952) Plate with offset rim Fig. 97, PI. 126 H 16:4 (Group D) Est. Diam. 27.5. One-fourth of rim preserved. Upper surface of rim has convex-concave profile. Hard, fine, very micaceous, light brownish gray fabric (2.5YR 6/2); shiny gray glaze, somewhat mottled (ca. 2.5Y 4/0). Fabric close to that of 1603. Context of 160-130 1602 (P 31960) Plate with offset rim Fig. 97, P1. 126 O 17:7, upper fill Est. Diam. 22.0; max. p. dim. 15.0. Segment preserving about one-fourth of plate from rim to just above foot. Offset rim with concave upper surface. Soft, very micaceous, light gray fabric (1OYR7/1); shiny gray glaze (7.5YR 5/), peeling badly.

Fabricas 1609 and 1610. Context of 200-110 1603 (P 3425) Plate with upturned

Fig. 97, P1. 126

rim

H. A. Thompson 1934, E 154, p. 426, figs. 112, 115, 116. F 15:2 (Group E) H. 4.8; rest. Diam. 21.0. Two-thirdsof rim, parts of wall, and half of foot restored. Flaring ring foot; beveled restingsurface;convex underside. Slightly inclined rim. On floor, rouletting bordered by single grooves, with two small, irregularcircles at center. Very hard and fine, grayish brown fabric (10YR 5/2); slightly metallic glaze, dark gray to grayish brown (7.5YR N4/-10YR 7/2). Fabricclose to that of 1601. Context of 150-110 1604 (P 11838) Plate with upturned

Fig. 97, P1. 126

rim

AgoraV, F 27, p. 13, pl. 62. N 19:1, upper fill (Group F) H. 3.6; rest. Diam. 19.3. Center of floor,most of rim, and large parts of wall restored. Small ring foot, convex to outside; rounded resting surface. Low, vertical rim. Rouletting bounded by single grooves on floor. Very micaceous, fine, hard, gray fabric (10YR 5/1); shiny black glaze, much missing. Cf. AvP XI, i, no. 311, p. 149, pls. 53, 66. Context of 110 to early 1st century after Christ 1605 (P 12091 a, b) Plate with Fig. 97, P1. 126 rim upturned N 20:4, fill IV Est. Diam. 32.0; max. p. dim. (a) 10.0, (b) 7.9. Fragmentof rim (a) and fragment of floor, near foot (b). Very flat floor with trace of rouletting at inner edge of fragment b. Vertical rim offset from floor. Extremely micaceous, very hard and fine but friable fabric, red (2.5YR 5.6) with very dark grayish brown core (2.5YR 3/2); hard, dark gray to brown glaze, very micaceous, with a slightly soapy feel. Shape and quality of fabric and glaze relates piece to gray wares, despite color of fabric. Context of 110-75 1606 (P 3146) Plate with upturned rim Fig. 97 Area E 15, lot r 173 Est. Diam. 42.0; max. p. dim. (a) 16.0, (b) 13.0. Three joining fragments of rim (a) and one fragment of floor (b). Thick wall. Gently upturned rim. Very fine and hard gray/light gray fabric (10YR 6/1) with very little mica; hard, thick, shiny black glaze. Similar in shape to ESA Samaria Form 1 (SamariaIII, no. 1, p. 312, fig. 73:1). Mixed Hellenistic and late Roman context 1607 (P 22886) Fish-plate Fig. 97 M-N 15:1 (4), disturbed H. 4.1; est. Diam. 23.5. Part of foot and over half of rim and wall missing. High, flaring ring foot; rounded resting surface, reserved; pointed underside. Deep scraped groove around depression and around edge of floor. Flaring rim meets floor at angle. Verymicaceous, friable,lightbrownishgray fabric(1OYR6/2); shiny black-to-grayglaze of high quality.

GRAY WARES Similar: P 24821 (H-K 12-14). For other fish-plates in gray ware see Dilos XXVII, D 54, p. 248, pl. 43; SamosXIV, p. 121, fig. 200A, Z133:B; Anderson 1954, nos. 151, 199, pp. 148, 150, fig. 17 (Chios); PhrygieIII, p. 134, pl. 27:e. Context of before ca. 150, with disturbance 1608 (P 31932) Bowl Fig. 97, P1. 126 E 15:4 P.H. 5.3; est. Diam. 9.5. One-third of upper body, with trace of lower body. Nearly vertical upper wall, concave, meeting lower wall at angle. Soft, fine, very micaceous, light brownish gray fabric (2.5YR 6/2); slightly lustrousdark gray glaze. Context of 200-125 1609 (P 31961) Bowl or small plate Fig. 97, PI. 126 O 17:7, upper fill Diam. of foot 6.2; max. p. dim. 7.8. Foot and base of wall; foot chipped. Flaring foot; slightlyrounded restingsurface;convex underside. Two concentric circles at center of floor and two more outside them. Soft, micaceous, light gray fabric (10YR 7/1), very friable;dull, dark gray glaze (2.5Y 4/), mostly missing. Possiblysame vessel as 1610. Fabricas 1602. Context of 200-1 10 1610 (P 31962) Bowl Fig. 97 O 17:7, upper fill Est. Diam. 16.0; max. p. dim. 4.6. Rim fragment. Widely outturned rim with two narrow grooves in upper surface. Soft, micaceous, friable, light gray fabric (10YR 7/1); dull, dark gray glaze (2.5Y 4/), mostly missing. Possiblyfrom same vessel as 1609. Fabric as 1602. Context of 200-110 1611 (P 3429) Bowl or small plate Fig. 97, PI. 126 H. A. Thompson 1934, E 156, p. 426, fig. 112. F 15:2 (Group E) P.H. 1.6; Diam. of foot 4.8. Floor and half of foot preserved. Slightly flaring ring foot with angle at top; narrow,beveled resting surface;slightly convex underside. Rouletting on floor. Hard, fine, gray/light gray fabric (10YR 6/1) with very little mica; dull glaze, mottled black to darkreddishgray (5YR 4/2). Rouletting similar to that on 1618. Context of 150-110 1612 (P 3428) Bowl or small plate Fig. 97, P1. 126 H. A. Thompson 1934, E 155, p. 426, fig. 112. F 15:2 (Group E) P.H. 1.9; Diam. of foot 4.9. Floor and three-fourthsof foot. Flaring ring foot with angle near bottom; rounded resting surface; pointed underside. Two small concentric circles at center of floor. Hard, somewhat friable, fine, gray/light gray fabric (1OYR6/1) with a little fine mica; shiny,very dark gray glaze (2.5Y N4). Context of 150-110 1613 (P 26048) Bowl or small plate O 17:6 P.H. 1.9; Diam. of foot 5.2. Foot, floor, and part of lower wall.

Fig. 97, P1. 126

403

Flaring ring foot; rounded resting surface; pointed underside. Two concentric circles at center of floor. Fairly hard gray/light gray fabric (10YR 6/1) with some fine mica; hard, shiny black glaze. Context of 200-125 1614 (P 8068) Small bowl or cup Fig. 97, P1. 126 Area C-G 5-10 P.H. 3.9; est. Diam. 22.0. Single rim fragment. Slightly projecting rim, flat on top and marked with three grooves. Stamped on wall (top to bottom): row of circles over ridge; ovolo; spirals running right; spirals running left. Extremely hard gray fabric (2.5Y 5/2) with a few flecks of mica; lustrous glaze, mottled black to reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4); numerous fingerprintson interior. Stamps similar to those on 1707. Modern context (no lot) 1615 (P 20228) Small bowlorcup P1. 126 Area D 17 P.H. 3.0. Small fragment of rim. Verticalwall. Groovebelow rim on inside. Outside stamped with rowof circlesabove ovolo. Veryhard, fine, gray/light gray fabric (10YR 6/1) with little mica; hard, shiny black glaze. For a similar shape in ESA see SamariaIII, p. 342, no. 7, fig. 82:7 (Form 19). Late Hellenistic context (no lot) 1616 (P4074) Lekythos Fig. 97, P1. 126 H. A. Thompson 1934, D 24, p. 373, fig. 58. H 16:4 (Group D) P.H. 4.2; est. Diam. 5.8. One-fourth of upper body and three-fourths of rim preserved. Rounded shoulder with scraped groove on top. Wide mouth, concave to inside. Handle, oval(?) in section, runs from shoulder to below rim. Hard, porous, micaceous, gray fabric (10YR 5/1) with white inclusions and voids; dull, dark gray glaze outside and on inside of mouth and neck, peeling (2.5Y N4/). Context of 160-130 1617 (P 20702) Aryballos P1. 126 R 10:1 H. 7.4; Diam. 5.5. Small chips of rim and foot missing. Raised base with slightly flaringprofile;concave underside. Slightly pear-shaped body. Thin, low neck. Spreading cup mouth with angularprofile. Rim flat on top, beveled to inside. Mouth lopsided. Strap handle from shoulder to below rim. Hard, fine, gray/light gray fabric (O1YR6/1) with some mica and white inclusions;dull, slightly grainy black glaze. Another, with more globular body, from same deposit (P 20701) has highly micaceous, friable fabric. Italian? A very similar piece is displayed in the Locri Museum. Context of 75 to early Roman 1618 (P 19724) Double cruet Fig. 97, PI. 126 Area A-E 16-23 P.H. 6.3. Part of upper body, base of spout, and shoulder of lower body preserved.

404

CATALOGUE

Steeply domed upper chamber with two grooves near top and zone of rouletting furtherdown. Lower body has rounded shoulder. Part of wall dividing the two chambers is preserved. Trace of spout preserved at right of fragment. Hard, fine, gray fabric (10YR 5/1) with a fair amount of fine mica and a few larger white inclusions;hard, shiny,very dark gray glaze (2.5Y N3/). Rouletting similar to that on 1611. 1619 (P 6454) Canteen Fig. 97, P1. 126 D 11:8 P.H. 8.0; Diam. of rim 3.8. Mouth and upper body preserved. Wheelmade body with sloping shoulder. Short neck. Deep cup mouth with slightly angular profile. Two strap handles from shoulder to well below rim. Very fine, micaceous, pinkish gray fabric (5YR 6/2); shiny black glaze. Mixed late Hellenistic and Roman context 1620 (P 24218) Pyxis? Fig. 97, P1. 126 Area G-H 13, lot Z 861 P.H. 4.0; Diam. 6.2. Upper part missing; edge of foot chipped. Projecting foot; slightly concave underside. Concave wall. Pronounced nipple on floor. Hard, fine, very micaceous, gray/light gray fabric with uneven break (10YR 6/1); hard, shiny black-to-grayglaze. For a similar piece, probably Attic, see 1338. For a rare late saltcellarof similarshape see 1743, from layer over Sullan debris nearby (G 13). Of somewhat similar shape, and also in gray ware, is a vessel from a grave of the 2nd to 1stcentury B.C. in Heraclea (South Italy; Giardino 1990, p. 121, pl. XXV:G). Cf. also a partiallypreserved gray-warevessel from Pergamon with applique decoration (PF VII, nos. 9, 172, pp. 186, 196197, fig. 25, pl. 35). Context of 5th to 1st century 1621 (P 27614 a, b) Pyxis lid Fig. 97, P1. 126 I-O 15:1 (2) Est. Diam. 15.0; max. p. dim. (a) 10.1, (b) 7.5. Two nonjoining fragments preserving flange and part of dome. Vertical rim. Projecting flange with groove at edge, set off from dome by two shallow grooves. Rouletting on top of flange and in band bordered by single grooves on dome. Fine, hard, light brownishgray fabric (1OYR6/2) with voids and very little mica; hard, shiny black glaze with some voids in surface. 2nd- and Ist-century context 1622 (P 19526) Lid? P1. 126 Area C-F 15-19 Max. p. dim. 5.2. Single fragment, broken all around. Fragment from near edge of fairly large, nearly flat shape. Beginning of curve, probably to rim, preserved at edge. Stamped near edge with row of circles above ovolo. Fairly soft, fine, very micaceous, gray/light gray fabric (O1YR6/1); very dark gray glaze (2.5Y N3/-10YR 3/1). Technau (1929, p. 48) mentions gray-warelids on Samos. MOLDMADE

1623 (P 31963) Stemmed cup O 17:7, upper fill PH. 3.0. Base of cup and upper part of stem.

Fig. 97, P1. 126

Thin, hollow stem, flaring to offset at junction with body. Moldmade body, possibly of jeweled long-petal design. Soft, very micaceous, light gray fabric (10YR 7/1); shiny,darkgray glaze (7.5YR 4/). Context of 200-110 1624 (P 28337 a, b) Large bowl or small P1. 127 krater Area N 5, lot BA 115, with 1510 P.H. (a) 9.0, (b) 3.6. Two nonjoining sections of wall. On fragment a, floral tendril at left; frontal Nike wearing peplos, with hands clasped in front of her or holding something across her body; rosette at right. On fragment b, lower part of Nike, with floral tendril and jeweled leaf at left. Rim pattern: false guilloche between ridges. Two grooves on wheelmade wall above. Soft, fine, gray/light gray fabric (10YR 6/1) with fine mica; shiny black glaze outside, dark gray inside (2.5Y N4/), peeling. Another small fragment of a large moldmade bowl in gray fabric: P315. Context of 2nd century B.C.to first half of 1st century after Christ 1625 (P 4576) Krater P1. 127 Area F 12, lot r [B'] 99 Max. p. dim. 8.0. Handle and part of wall. Tip of long petal, with bud on either side, probably atop jeweling. Rim pattern possibly a guilloche or row of dots. Twisted five-strand handle, horizontal and upturned. Fine, soft, fairlymicaceous, gray/light gray fabric (10YR 6/1); dark gray glaze, peeling (2.5Y N4/). Context of first quarter of 1st century 1626 (P 19917) Krater Fig. 97, PI. 127 Area D 17 P.H. 6.6. Part of moldmade body and wheelmade rim area. Long petals with jeweling between them, with sightly concave wheelmade body above. Hard, fine, gray/light gray fabric (10YR 6/1) with some fine mica; shiny, very dark gray glaze (2.5Y N3/). Late Roman context (no lot) 1627 (P 20358) Krater? Fig. 97, P1. 127 Area D 17 P.H. 6.5. Wall fragment. Lower body moldmade; long petals divided by jeweling, with groove at top. On wheelmade section above, a stamped leaf pattern. Hard, fine, gray/light gray fabric (10YR 6/1) with mica and large white inclusions; shiny dark gray glaze, dull inside (10YR 4/1). 1628 (P 18452) Large vessel: krater? PI. 127 Area C 16-17 Max. p. dim. 11.0. Part of wall and handle. Rounded, moldmade shoulder with large egg and dart in relief. Base of horizontal handle, round in section, ending in rotelle. Fingerprint and glaze on lower break, where moldmade and wheelmade sections joined. Very micaceous,

GRAY WARES gray/light gray fabric (10YR 6/1) with voids and white inclusions; dull, very dark gray glaze outside (7.5YR N3/), inside unglazed except for drip. Early Roman context (no lot) 1629 (P 17407) Filterjug Fig. 97, PI. 127 C 20:3 H. 16.2; Diam. 12.2. Most of foot, parts of body, over half of rim, handle, and tip of spout restored. Molded ring foot; beveled resting surface; roughly convex underside. Lower third of body wheelmade, with two grooves at junction with moldmade section. Above this, moldmade body with row of jeweling at bottom and wall decoration of small imbricateleaves with diamond motif within them. Ridge at junction with neck. Fairly thin neck flares to overhanging, molded rim: cable over stamped egg and dart. Two grooves below lip on inside. Slightly concave strainer within neck with seven holes around edges and one in center. Tapering spout. Fairly soft, friable, micaceous, gray/light gray fabric (1OYR6/1) with small darkinclusions;dull black glaze, mostly missing. Similar: P 15027 (AgoraXXII, no. 410, p. 93, pls. 69, 97 [F 19:6]). Context of 6th to 1st century 1630 (P 19905) Plastic vase PI. 127 Area D 17, lot 00 372 Max. p. dim. 4.9. Single fragment, broken all around. Horizontal scroll-like object with ridges, possibly drapery, above. Hard, fine, gray/light gray fabric (10YR 6/1) with a little mica; shiny dark gray glaze outside only (2.5Y N4/). Context of second half of 1st century after Christ APPLIQUE

1631 (P 3155) Krater Fig. 98, Pls. 128, 129 IL, June 2, 1934, p. 863, fig. 10; H. A. Thompson 1934, E 153, pp. 423-426, fig. 111, pl. III; C. W.LunsinghScheurleer 1936, p. 166; Schwabacher 1941, no. 2, p. 191; Fuchs 1959, p. 152, note 22; PF II, p. 87, fig. 5:3; CAH,new ed., plates to VII, i, no. 170, p. 130; Willers 1986, p. 147, pl. 28:6; H. A. Thompson 1990, p. 262; PF VII, pp. 51-52. F 15:2 (Group E) H. 27.0; Diam. of body 19.0; rest. Diam. of rim 21.2. Most of rim, part of body, and one handle restored. Foot chipped, hole in floor (probably intentional); some applique figurespartly missing. Molded foot; broad, flat resting surface. Low, hollow stem with pronounced ridge at junction with body. Groove at point of handle attachment, above which is ovolo below beading. Shoulder above this is rouletted. Groove at junction of upper and lower body. Flaring rim with groove on top. Two upturned, grooved, horizontal handles, round in section, with plastic ribbed leaves at each base and lion head below each attachment. Nine applique figures on upper body. Side A: (1) Nude, frontalmale, unbearded, moving left, head turned to his left. He graspsan object (branch?)with both hands, resting it on his left shoulder. The object above his left shoulder may be part of this or could representwings. (2) Nude male walking right, his right arm raised, carrying sack or wineskin over his left shoulder. (3) Frontalfemale, head turned to her right, holds tall torch in right hand; left arm is by her side, enveloped in

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drapery. She wears chiton and himation with triangularoverfold, the himation drawn over her head (Leto?). (4) Ecstatic maenad dances to left, looking backwardover her left shoulder. Her left leg is forward,and she holds up her garment with her right hand. To the right, a small animal (kid?),which she probably holds in her left hand. At right, a figure whose foot and lower leg are preserved (cut out of the appliqu6 by the potter). A hand rests on the maenad's right shoulder; probably the figureat right was embracing her. (5) Frontalfemale with head turned to her right, holding phiale in outstretchedright hand, tall torch or scepter in left. She wears high-girt chiton with mantle over her head and across her lower body (Demeter?). Side B: (6) Left part of applique missing. FrontalDionysos with long hair, mantle draped around thighs, supported at right by smaller, draped figure (Ariadne or maenad?) facing left and holding his left arm. Figure at left has arm on Dionysos' right shoulder. (7) Bearded satyr walking left playing double pipe; cloak or panther skin falls down his back. (8) Top of figure missing. Legs of figure turned three-quartersto right, apparently wearing short garment; heavy folds of cloak(?)at left. (9) Bearded male moves right vigorously,with left leg raised. He holds a large object over his head with both arms. There is a belt around his hips, and a long cloak falls down his back. Arm visible against his chest at right may be his own lower left arm, supporting the load, or the arm of a second figure. Fine, hard, micaceous, gray to grayish brown fabric (O1YR 5/1-5/2); shiny glaze, black to dark gray (5YR 4/1), resting surface and part of underside unglazed. For similar Dionysiac figures on Neoattic marble kraters (none identical to ours) see Fuchs 1959, pls. 15-20, 22, 23, 26. The Leto figure is paralleled in reverse on an applique in Pergamon (AvP I, ii, no. 1, p. 256, Beiblatt32:1). For detailed comment on the relationship of the figures to those knownin Pergameneapplique see PF VII, p. 52; shape, surface decoration, and motifs have convinced Htibner that the piece is not Pergamene. For other gray ware with appliques see DelosXXVII, D 24-D 27, p. 242, pl. 41; Hobling 1923-1925, pp. 297-309 (Sparta). Context of 150-110

1632 (P 15013) Wall fragment P1. 127 Area F 19, lot rr 289 P.H. 4.0. Single fragment of wall, broken all around. Large applique on fairly thin-walled vessel. Lower torso and upper legs of Amazon turned to right, holding double axe in right hand acrossbody. Amazon wears short garment; right thigh visible as she stridesright. Hard, grainy,very micaceous, gray fabric (O1YR5/1); shiny black glaze outside, darkgrayish brown inside (2.5Y 4/2). Context of 2nd and 3rd centuries after Christ

1633 (P 20227) Wall fragment P1. 127 Area D 17 P.H. 5.2; est. Diam. of body 7.0. Single fragment, broken all around. Vessel with nearly vertical wall and fairly small diameter. Interior glazed but somewhat irregular.Large applique grape leaf. Soft, fine, very micaceous, gray/light gray fabric (10YR 6/1); shiny,very darkgray glaze (2.5Y N3/), peeling outside. Roman context (no lot)

CATALOGUE

406

1634 (P 15372) Emblem bowl Fig. 98, P1. 127 C 20:2 P.H. 2.7; Diam. of emblem 6.6. Floor, most of foot, and part of lower wall preserved. Cup restson low ridge with raised diskwithin it; concave underneath. On floor, two concentric raised diskswith grasshopper facing right in relief. Hard, fine, slightly micaceous, gray fabric (10YR 5/1); grainy, shiny black glaze with voids in surface.

Fora grasshopperon Pergameneappliqueware see Bruneau 1991, no. 56 (110), p. 633. For similar emblems in silver cf. Oliver 1977, nos. 38, 39, p. 74. The motif also appears in a mosaic in the palace of Eumenes II at Pergamon (AvPV i, p. 64, pls. XXXVI, XXXVII). Context mostly of 200-150

GNATHIA AND ITALIAN BLACK GLAZE 1635 (P 12748) Deep bowl: Fig. 98, P1. 130 Gnathia ware Green 1979, p. 80, fig. 4, pl. 20; Rotroff 1990, p. 37. 0 20:2 P.H. 9.9; est. Diam. 25.0; Th. of wall 0.75. Single wall fragment, broken all around; inner surface pitted. Large, open vase with nearly vertical wall. At top, an ivy vine with white stem and dot rosettes, yellow sponged over white on leaves. Two broad red fillets hang from vine, the one on the right shorter and with a white fringe; pattern of white lines and dots are painted over the red, and the right edge of the left fillet and left edge of right fillet are outlined in white. To left, a thin white fillet with double fringe. Hard, fine, very micaceous, pink fabric (ca. 7.5YR 8/4) with small black inclusions, partly mottled gray; black glaze. Preserved is the right-hand side of a symmetrical composition of fillets flanking a central motif, probably a dramatic mask. For the pattern on deep bowls and kraterssee Langlotz 1932, no. 833, p. 149, pl. 241. Also similar are Forti 1965, pls. XVIII:a, XXVIII:d and Webster 1951, no. 20, p. 223, fig. 1. J. R. Green attributesthe piece tentativelyto the Alexandria Group. Early 3rd century 1636 (P 18336) Oinochoe: Fig. 98, P1. 130 Gnathia ware Green 1979, p. 80, fig. 5, pl. 21; Rotroff 1990, p. 37. A-B 19-20:1 Max. p. dim. 7.1. Part of handle and top of wall. Handle round in section, with slight groove in top, terminates over mouth of vessel in moldmade lion head. White paint on lion. Very pale brown fabric (10YR 7/4), partlyfired gray; shiny gray-to-blackglaze. For complete oinochoai with similar handles see Langlotz 1932, no. 841, p. 150, pl. 241; CVA,Copenhagen 7 [Denmark 7], pl. 274 [277]:6, 7. Early 3rd century? 1637 (P 31866)

Cup-kantharosor small calyx-krater:Italian?

possibly Attic, but I know of no parallels for this decoration in Attica. Context of 250-175 1638 (P 9033) Plate with offset rim: Fig. 98, P1. 130 Campana B N 19:1, upper fill (Group F) Rest. H. 7.0; rest. Diam. 46.0. Entire outer edge of rim and one-third of floor restored. Ring foot, angular to outside and with inner face inset at bottom; flat resting surface; flat underside. Offset of rim not pronounced. Pseudo-omphalic center: central knob within two broad grooves and one narrow one. A pair of grooves on floor. Hard, micaceous, very fine, pink fabric (7.5YR 7/4); hard, lustrous black glaze. Part of foot, resting surface, and underside unglazed; finger marks on foot and lower body. GraffitoK on underside. For shape cf. Morel 1986, nos. 71, 73, p. 472, fig. 13 (Campana B, from Delos: Form 1440). Context of 110 to early 1st century after Christ 1639 (P 31969 a, b) Plate with offset Fig. 98, P1. 131 rim: Campana B N 20:4, fill I or II Est. Diam. 40.0; max. p. dim. 15.0. One-sixth of rim and floor (a) and nonjoining fragment of floor (b). Offset rim with raised edge. Two concentric groovesaround center of floor. Fairly hard, fine, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 7/6); very metallic black glaze. Fabric similar to that of 1638. Context of 110-75 1640 (P 31928) Plate: Campana B Fig. 98, P1. 131 F 13:3, upper fill (unknowndepth) P.H. 2.1; est. Diam. of foot 8.0. One-fourth of foot and part of floor preserved. Flaring foot, concave to outside; grooved resting surface. Rouletting bounded by groove. Fine, soft, light red fabric (2.5YR 6/6), partly fired gray; grainy,shiny black glaze. Context of 150-86

P1. 130

M21:l PL. 12.6. Handle fragment. High-swung handle with band of lattice running partway around lower end. Very hard, fine, light red fabric (2.5YR 6/6); shiny black glaze. Decoration of base of handle occurs in Gnathia ware (Forti 1965, pl. XXI:a) but not with this pattern. Fine fabric is

1641 (P 19108) Plate with upturned Fig. 98, P1. 131 rim: Campana B N 20:4, fill II H. 3.9; Diam. 24.2. About half of rim and parts of wall restored. Flaring ring foot, concave to outside; wide, flat resting surface; unevenly pointed underside. Resting surface and underside unglazed. Very flat floor, thick wall. Vertical rim. Very fine rouletting on floor. Hard, pink fabric (7.5YR 7/4)

PLAKETTENVASE with some mica and many small, translucent,white inclusions (quartz?). Cf. Dedet 1974, no. 33, pp. 265-266, figs. 3, 4; Morel 1981, no. 2257a 2, p. 155, pl. 41; DelosXXVII, D 64, p. 249, fig. 127, pl. 43. Campana B imports of this shape have also been found at Corinth in a well perhaps filled around the end of the 2nd century (Romano 1994, nos. 33-36, pp. 75-76, figs. 6, 7, pls. 18, 19; G. R. Edwards,however,dates the filling of the well in the yearsjust after 44 B.C.[Corinth VII, iii, p. 21 1, under no. 46]). Context of 110-75 1642 (P 23595) Plate with Fig. 98, Pls. 131, 148 upturned rim: Campana A? AgoraXXVII, no. 248, pp. 200-201, ill. 43, pl. 52. Q9:4 H. 2.3; est. Diam. 20.5. Center of floor, small part of foot, and three-fourthsof rim and wall missing. Low, slightly flaring ring foot; flat, reservedresting surface; nearly flat underside. Low plate with straight wall and small upturned rim. On floor,four palmetteswithin rouletting. Fine, hard, light reddish brown fabric (2.5YR 6/4) with white inclusions; very smooth, metallic black glaze, brown on stacking circle and underneath; finger markson foot and lower wall. Closely similar shape in Italian black glaze: Morel 1981, Type 2233b, p. 150, pl. 36 (second half of 3rd century); for similarstamped palmettes cf. Morel 1986, no. 38, p. 467, fig. 8 (Campana A ware, ca. 175). Context of 250-165 1643 (P 17887) Small plate with projecting Fig. 98, rim: Rome or Etruria Pls. 131, 148 N 21:9 H. 2.7; Diam. 13.2. Fragmentsof rim missing. Angular ring foot; beveled resting surface; flat underside. Broad, projecting rim, curving down at edge and undercut on inside. Three concentric circles on floor: four palmettes, radiallyplaced, within inner two circles;roulettingwithinouter circles. Fine, slightly micaceous, light red fabric (2.5YR 6/6); very shiny black glaze. Forplates of similarsize and shape see Morel 1965, no. 127, pp. 72-73, pls. 10, 47; Morel 1969, p. 84, fig. 14 = Morel 1981, Type 1323b, p. 106, pl. 14 (dated by Morel between 305 and 265), from the workshopof the Petites Estampilles,an

407

atelier perhaps located in Rome and dating from the late 4th to the mid-3rd century. The decoration on 1643, however, is not typical of this workshop, which favors parallel rather than radiating stamps. The general scheme of the decoration (circle/radiating palmettes/rouletting) may be found on a number of pieces from central and northern Italy: e.g Morel 1963, pp. 48-49, figs. 2, 3 (Arezzo);Taylor 1957, C 26b, p. 113, pl. IX (Campana B); Morel 1965, nos. 24, 131, 346, 352, 433, 489, pls. 3, 12, 24, 25, 30, 33 (Campana B and other Etruscan wares). Context of ca. 275-210 1644 (P 6765) Plate or bowl: Fig. 98, Pls. 131, 148 central Italian F 13:3, upper fill (unknowndepth) P.H. 2.1; Diam. of foot 4.9. Foot and part of floor preserved. Angular ring foot; rounded resting surface;pointed underside. Three circles on floor: four stamps within inner two circles; very fine rouletting between outer two. The stamps are back-to-back C's bound by a small circle. Micaceous, pink fabric (7.5YR 7/4); lustrous black glaze with one large spall on surface. This form of stamp is typical of central Italy and, according to Morel, is often found at Arezzo, Volterra, Cosa, Cerveteri, Rome, and Alba Fucens (Morel 1963, p. 50). For some similar stamps, arranged in approximately the same manner, see Morel 1965, no. 24, p. 38, pls. 3, 39 (possibly Campana B, ca. 100), and no. 157, p. 81, pl. 12 (Campana B, first half of 1st century);Lambogila 1952, p. 155, fig. 8 (Tarragona:Campana B, 1st century); Bocci 1965, no. 1721, p. 147, fig. 20, no. 1372, p. 158, fig. 25 (from Roselle). Context of 150-86 1645 (P 31938) Plate: Italian? Fig. 98, PI. 131 Probablyfrom M 21:1 P.H. 2.9; Diam. of foot 7.9. Foot and part of floor preserved. Flaring foot, concave to outside;very shallow groove in resting surface;slightly pointed underside. Nearly flat floor, turning up near edge. Rouletting within two concentric grooves. Hard, fine, somewhat micaceous, light red fabric (2.5YR 6/6); metallic black glaze with brown stacking circle, brown underneath. Context of 250-175?

PLAKETTENVASE 1646 (P 26395) Plakettenvase:Crete or P1. 131 Alexandria From Egypt; gift of L. Benaki P.H. 8.5. Broken all around. Fragment of wall of large closed vessel, probably amphora or hydria;traces of ribbing at left and right edges of fragment. Nike with left leg forwardholds oval shield to her left, her right arm raised over her head to grasp it. Windblown drapery. Hard, light brownish gray fabric (10YR 6/2) with many red, white, and black inclusions and some mica; traces of black glaze.

The same Nike is known from a plaster cast from Memphis (Rubensohn 1911, no. 34, pp. 47-49, pl. IV). For seemingly identical appliques on ribbed amphoras see Breccia 1932, p. 35, pl. XXIV:88; CVA,Brussels3 [Belgium 3], pl. 2 [140]:19; Rubensohn 1911, p. 48, fig. 4; Dohrn 1985, p. 98, pl. 75:1; Ztichner 1950-1951, p. 190, figs. 23, 25; Siebert 1978, pl. 63, lower right. These belong to two groups of amphoras thought to be of either Alexandrian or Cretan manufacture (Dohrn 1985, pp. 91-100). 310-275

408

CATALOGUE RED WARES

PERGAMENESIGILLATA(APPLIQUEgAND OTHERWISE)

P1. 131 1647 (P 3131) Skyphos:Pergamene applique Area K 15, lot K 31 P.H. 5.5. Fragmentof wall. Nearly vertical wall curving in below. Bunch of three ivy leaves with two clusters of berries, with three more clusters of berries at left. At right, incised design. Fine, micaceous, light red fabric (2.5YR 6/6); hard, shiny red glaze (10Y 5/6). Cf. PF II, E 79, p. 99, pl. 34 for shape and decoration. For incision cf. ibid.,E 99-E 103, p. 100, pl. 38; PF VII, nos. 109, 110, p. 192, pls. 19, 20; its use is thought to be indicative of a relatively early date within the series (before ca. 125?); see ibid.,pp. 49-50. Ist-century context, with worn coin of late 1st century (AgoraXXVI, variety 152; cf. Svoronos, pl. 80:37-40) 1648 (P 17886) Skyphos?: Fig. 98, P1. 131 Pergamene applique Area C 17-18, lot 00 144 P.H. 3.1; est. Diam. of rim 12.0. Rim fragment. Rim beveled to inside, with groove below. Part of bunch of three ivy leaves, with one cluster of berries. Light red fabric (2.5YR 6/6); hard, shiny glaze, mottled red to brown (ca.2.5YR 4/6-4/2), with line from double dipping. Probably a cup of Hiibner's Type I (PF VII, figs. 5, 6), although the wall appears to be less vertical than in those forms. 75 to end of 1st century (Classicalto early Roman context) 1649 (P 15660) Pergamene applique P1. 131 R 21:2, south tunnel, lower fill P.H. 3.6. Wall fragment. Vertical wall. Parts of two ivy-leaf clusters, berry cluster preserved at right. Soft, sandy, light red fabric (10R 6/6); shiny red glaze (2.5YR 5/6). Context of 200 to 1st century after Christ

Center of floor,broken all around. Slightly pointed underside;trace of foot. Appliqu6 is eightlegged creature (scorpion? lobster?). Front and back ends missing; Something extended in front of the creature:claws? Slightly micaceous, light reddish brown fabric (5YR 6/4), partly fired gray; shiny brown-to-redglaze (1OR4/3-4/6). A shrimp appears as an emblem on two angular cups of Pergameneapplique ware at Delos (Bruneau 1991, no. 57 [75, 76], pp. 633, 656-658). Mixed late Hellenistic and early Roman context

1652 (P9314)

Open vessel: Pergamene applique?

Area E 4 P.H. 8.7; Th. of wall 0.2. Part of lower wall of vessel. Thin wall with thick applique slab increasing thickness to 0.5 cm. A flat area at base may be where foot has broken away. Irregularlysmoothed inside; apparentlynot wheelmade. Lowerbody ofSkylla preserved:two acanthusleavesof her skirt and forepartsof two dogs. Each dog is biting a human figurein the midriff. The figure at left is upside down, his legs bent, his arms over his head. The figure at right lies towards the right with his knees drawn up. An outstretched arm is visible at upper left edge of fragment. Extremely micaceous, light red fabric (2.5YR 6/6) with many white inclusions and voids; shiny red glaze (ca. 1OR4/8), not adhering well. Forlarge-scalereliefson Pergameneappliqueware see PF II, E 11, E 12, pp. 96-97, pls. 23-24. The composition appearsto be very close to that of the Skyllaat Sperlonga;cf. Andreae and Conticello 1987, p. 19, pl. 4, fig. 5. For a list of representations of Skylla in various media see Tuchelt 1967.

1650 (P 31947) Skyphos:imitation Fig. 98, P1. 131 of Pergamene sigillata? D 11:4, lower fill P.H. 6.2; est. Diam. 15.0. One handle and part of wall and rim. Nearly vertical wall turning in toward bottom. Inwardly beveled rim. Strap handle with added strip of clay around arch. Thin scraped groove at level of handle attachment and below rim. Tracesof decoration:three painted dots and incised line on one side of handle; incised line on other side of handle. Fairly hard, extremely micaceous, light reddish brown fabric (5YR 6/4); somewhat shiny, gritty red glaze, also extremely micaceous (2.5YR 5/8). Shape as Pergamenesigillatabut of poor quality. Cf. PF VI, Type S 1, pp. 63-64, pl. 7; PF VII, Form 2, pp. 23-24, fig. 5. Context of 200 to late 1st century 1651 (P6777)

Cuporbowl: Pergamene applique Area C 9, lot KK 32 Max. p. dim. 4.9.

Ill. 3, P. 131

P1. 131

ILL. 3. Skylla 1652. Scale 1:1

RED WARES 1653 (P 5928) Deep bowl with Fig. 98, PI. 132 molded rim: Pergamene sigillata? E 15:3, upper fill P.H. 11.1; rest. Diam. of rim 16.9. Three-fourths of rim and parts of body restored; foot missing. Two glazed grooves at point of greatest diameter, near bottom of body, and two at top of body. Slight setback to neck. Broadly flaring and overhanging rim with ridge and deep groove on upper surface. Very micaceous, reddishyellow fabric (5YR 6/6); shiny glaze, red and black on outside, red inside, flaking on interior. Possibly same pot as 1654. Fabric similar to that of Pergamene applique ware. General parallels may be found among Pergamene red wares: cf. PF VI, nos. 362, 363, p. 242, pl. 23, Type Su 23a, pp. 165-166, datable mainly to the late 2nd and 1stcentury. Cf. also SamariaIII, no. 3, p. 344, fig. 83:3; Pagenstecher 1913, no. 2, p. 116, fig. 128:2, nos. 31, 32, p. 148, fig. 161:31, 32. A vessel of similar shape in gray ware: P 3866. Mixed late Hellenistic to Byzantine context 1654 (P 20492) Bowl: Pergamene Fig. 98, P1. 132 sigillata? E 14:3 P.H. 2.5; Diam. of foot 15.0. About half of foot and most of floor preserved. Spreading foot with four grooves in upper surface; broad, slightly beveled resting surface with four grooves; flat underside. Very micaceous, light red fabric (2.5YR 6/6) with small voids; glaze mostly red but mottled to black, with voids on surface. Possibly the foot of 1653. A somewhat similar form of foot is found on skyphoi of Pergamene sigillatadating to the second quarter of the 1st century (PF VI, nos. 12, 28-31, 34, pp. 213, 215, pl. 29, from skyphoi of Types S 3 and S 8, pp. 65, 69-70). Context of 115-50 1655 (P 12100) Bowl: Pergamene sigillata? Fig. 98 AgoraXXI, F 242, p. 45, pl. 21. N 20:4, fill II H. 1.6; Diam. of foot 9.7. Foot preserved, some chips missing. Flaring foot with groove and ridge at top; broad, beveled resting surface with two grooves at inner edge. Concave underside. Graffito KT on underside (owner's mark). Hard, fine, light red fabric (10R 6/6); dull red glaze (2.5YR 5/8). Context of 110-75 1656 (P 31946)

Filterjug: Fig. 98, Pl. 132 Pergamene sigillata? D 11:4, lower fill P.H. 5.0. Part of shoulder, neck, and mouth preserved. Ridge at top of shoulder. Strainer in neck with six holes around outside, one at center. Funnel mouth with widely flaring rim with groove inside lip. Triple handle attached well below rim. Hard, fine fabric with many very small dark inclusions, lighter than 2.5YR 6/8; hard, mottled, somewhat shiny red glaze (2.5YR 5/8). Cf. PF VI, Type Kr 7a, pp. 173-174, pl. 25. Context of 200 to late 1st century

409

OTHERREDWARES 1657 (P 10882) Deep plate Fig. 99, Pls. 132, 148 or bowl D 11:4, lower fill P.H. 2.7; Diam. of foot 4.9. Foot and part of lower wall. Angular ring foot with inner face offset at top; beveled resting surface; pointed underside. Sloping wall with groove just below break. Within fine rouletting, alternating stamped shells and palmettes. Micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/6) with tiny red and white inclusions;shiny red glaze (2.5YR 4/6), underside unglazed. Context of 200 to late 1st century

1658 (P8128)

Small bowl or cup

Fig. 99, Pls. 132, 148

C 10:1 P.H. 1.1; Diam. of foot 2.7. Foot and part of lower wall. Flaring ring foot; beveled resting surface; nippled underside. Eight-petaled rosette stamped in center of floor. Very micaceous, light red fabric (2.5YR 6/6) with a few small, white inclusions and flecks of golden mica; shiny red glaze, flaking (2.5YR 4/6), underside partly unglazed. Fabricvery similar to that of 1653. Context of 120-90 RED WARESWITHWESTSLOPEDECORATION

1659 (P 5649) Cup with moldmade Fig. 99 feet: imitation Pergamene? P1. 132 PF VII, p. 51. E 14:3 H. 10.4; rest. Diam. 18.0. One foot, most of rim, and half of body restored. Three moldmade feet: grinning satyr mask with bald head, full, curly beard, and bunches of grapes over ears. Two concentric circleson bottom: one inside feet, one on which feet are positioned. Wide scraped groove at about mid-height (below decorated zone) and below rim, which is slightly inwardly thickened with top beveled to inside. Two pairs of large dolphins flank palmette with fronds curving towards center. Palmette is outlined in white and has white interior details. Between these groups are large palmettes with fronds curving outwards. Dolphins painted in silhouette, with interior details indicated by scraping away paint. Very micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/6); hard, lustrous red glaze (2.5YR 4/6-5/6), double-dipped, with black areas near rim. For fabric and decoration cf. 1660, from same context. Hubner (PF VII, p. 51) identifies the cup as an imitation of Pergamene applique, with the moldmade feet reflecting a Pergamene type (ibid., no. 35, p. 188, pl. 5); she suggests that it may have been manufactured in Asia Minor. Lrgescale dolphins and palmettes occur on West Slope vessels at Pergamon (AvP I, ii, p. 273, Beiblatt38:4; AvP IX, p. 120, pl. 57:h:7, 8, 10, 11, 57:i, 1;AvP XI, i, nos. 333, 428, pp. 151, 164, pls. 54, 59; PF II, D 39, p. 61, pl. 13). The combination of these two types of palmettes, in large scale, is found on Cretan West Slope vessels (Callaghan 1981a, no. 56, p. 55, figs. 4, 10; Belin de Ballu 1972, p. 114, pl. XLV) and Hadra hydriai (Guerrini 1964, B 25, p. 12, pl. III). Context of 115-50

410

CATALOGUE

1660 (P 5649 bis) Lid: Pergamene? Fig. 99, P. 132 E 14:3 PH. 4.5; Diam. 13.5. Rim missing; small sections of flange and wall restored. Sloping top with scraped groove atjunction with flange and above mid-height. Flange slopes upward; scraped groove at outer edge. Knob handle: top concave at center, with groove around edge. Decoration in orange with white overpainting in two registerson dome separatedby scrapedgroove. Orange lozenges radiate from knob in upper register. In lower register, three pairs of antithetical leaping dolphins flank and alternate with three-leaved palmettes. Trace of one white dot rosette preserved; possibly palmettes were flanked by them. Micaceous, light red fabric (2.5YR 6/8); hard, lustrous red glaze (2.5YR 5/6), flaking on inside. For fabric and decoration cf. 1659, from same context. For composition and decoration cf. Patsiada 1990, no. 198, pp. 197-199, fig. 31, pl. 78:y (PergameneWest Slope, blackglazed, second half of 3rd century). Fordolphins and palmettes cf. Ognenova 1960, p. 230, fig. 9. Context of 115-50 1661 (P 10881 bisa, b) Lagynos or Fig. 99, P1. 132 guttus D 11:4, lower fill Est. Diam. 14.0; max. p. dim. (a) 7.0, (b) 6.4. Two fragmentsof shoulder. Angular profile with convex upper wall. Two grooves above angle, two farther up, two at top of shoulder,below offset. In outer zone of shoulder: incised ovolo alternatingwith pairs of paintedlines (originallywhite?). Middle zone plain. Innermost zone: ivy garlandrunning right with incised stems. Micaceous, light red fabric (2.5YR 6/6) with many small, white inclusions; shiny red glaze outside only. Fabric and glaze similar to that of 1663. Context of 200 to late 1st century 1662 (P 25483) Lagynos or guttus Area G-I 10-13 PH. 6.1.

Fig. 99, Pl. 132

Two-thirdsof neck, broken at top and bottom. Separately made neck flares out at base to shoulder, from which it is offset. Thin and delicate, with two grooves at top. Downturned rim. Spearhead necklace with incised band and zigzag, orange pendants with three dots in high relief at tip of each. Incised bows and ties at ends. Hard, fine, pink fabric (5YR 7/4) with very little mica; bright, shiny red glaze (ca. 10R 5/8) outside and on upper part of interior. Cf. 1676, with similar decoration but glazed black. 1663 (P 10881) Lekythos Fig. 99, PI. 132 D 11:4, lower fill P.H. 4.5. Neck and part of shoulder preserved. Sloping shoulder with ridge at top. Low, thin neck with two grooves and a ridge, made separately from body. Deep cup mouth. Thick handle attached below mouth. Ivy garlandwith incised stem on shoulder. Micaceous, light red fabric (2.5YR 6/6) with many small white inclusions;shiny red glaze outside only. Cf. PFVI, no. 395, p. 245, pl. 26, Type Kr 10, pp. 175-176. Fabricand glaze very similar to that of 1661. 1st century (context of 200 to late 1st century) 1664 (P 10871 a, b) Oinochoe Fig. 99, PI. 132 D 11:4, middle fill PH. (a) 14.0, (b) 7.4; max. p. dim. (b) 11.2. Two nonjoiningfragments:neck and upper body,with much of shoulder and part of rim restored (a); fragment of body (b: not illustrated). Very rounded shoulder. Two grooves at base of neck, one at handle attachment, framing decorative zone. Cylindrical neck, flaring at top, with two glazed grooves at upper handle attachment. Slightlydownturnedrim. Rope handle flankedby knobs at upper attachment. Ghost of wreath on neck, opposite handle. On shoulder, ivy garland with incised stems. Hard, fine, very micaceous, light red fabric (2.5YR 6/6) with white inclusions;gritty red glaze (2.5YR 5/6), with spalling, interior not completely glazed. Ist-centurycontext

MISCELLANEOUS WARES IN WEST SLOPE TECHNIQUE 1665 (P 14292) Kantharos? Fig. 99, P. 132 N 20:7, lower fill P.H. 4.2; Diam. 7.6. Single fragment preserving parts of upper and lower body and half of one handle. Convex lower body, slightly concave upper body, with scraped groove where they meet. Delicate recurved handle, round in section, at top of upper body Decoration in white paint: wavy line punctuated with dots on upper body; vertical lines in imitation of ribs on lower body. Micaceous fabric, mottled reddish yellow to red (5YR 6/6-2.5YR 6/6); shiny black glaze outside, shiny red inside. The fabric is slightly redder than normal for Attic and the shape has no parallels in the Attic repertoire. For other pieces with contrasting glaze inside and outside see 1671, 1672 and 1681. For motif see 1272 and 1693. Context of 225-165 1666 (P 20310) Large skyphos?: Italian? P-R 6-12

Fig. 99, P1. 132

PH. 7.3; est. Diam. 24.0. Wall fragment, with lower handle attachment. Wallnearlyvertical,with verticalgroovesborderedbelow by horizontal glazed groove above scraped groove. Below these is an ovolo painted in white and outlined in incision. Lower handle attachmentpreservesa round member emergingfroma surroundingplastic element. Micaceous, reddishyellow fabric (5YR 7/6); shiny black glaze; miltos. From a sizable pot of good quality. The combination of round and plastic handle elements occurs on a skyphos of the Plakettenvasen type from Isthmia (J. L. Caskey 1960, no. 1, pp. 168-172, pls. 54, 55) and a large kantharos from Metaponto (Giannotta 1983, p. 50, pl. XXXI). A ribbed body interruptedby a plain horizontal band with West Slope decoration is also a common feature of Plakettenvasen (see Dohrn 1985, pls. 67-75). Forthe combinationof ribbingand a painted ovolo see Forti 1965, pl. XXIII:c (Gnathia ware, from Bari). The shape may have been something like ibid., pl. XXVI:b, a large skyphoswith vertical handles. Context of before ca. 150

MISCELLANEOUS WARES IN WEST SLOPE TECHNIQUE 1667 (P 4067) Bolsal: Boiotian? Fig. 99, PI. 132 H. A. Thompson 1934, B 26, p. 339, fig. 19; AgoraXII, p. 275, under no. 561. H 16:3, north chamber (Group B) P.H. 4.1; est. Diam. 11.5. One-fourth of wall preserved. Base of wall concave, with groove at top. Lowerwall faceted, upper wall nearly vertical. Trace of handle attached below rim. Spearhead necklace with double ties at ends on upper wall. Band, ties, and links incised; pendants in thick, buff paint. Very hard, fine, yellowish red fabric (5YR 5/6), partly fired gray,with one large white inclusion; firm, somewhat dull black glaze with greenish areas and small gray and buff spots. Fabric similar to that of 1668. Possibly Boiotian: cf. Kabirion III, no. 218, p. 133, pl. 12 for shape, no. 171, p. 132, 9 for decoration. pl. Context of 320-240 1668 (P 28125) Hellenistic baggy Fig. 99, P1. 132 kantharos:Boiotian? F 16:8 P.H. 8.4; est. Diam. 11.0. Part of wall, rim, and lower handle attachment. Convex upper wall, incurved rim. Groove well below lower handle attachment. Below rim, ivy garlandwith incised stems, running right. Hard fabric with little mica, mostly gray at surface, with red core (2.5YR 6/8); dull gray-to-brownglaze outside, black inside. Fabric similar to that of 1667. Incision is unparalleled in Athens at this early date, though common elsewhere (e.g. EretriaII, pls. 36-40; DemetriasI, pls. XVII-XXI). Possibly Boiotian: cf. Kabirion III, nos. 126-129, p. 131, pl. 8, especially decoration of no. 128. Context of 325-275 1669 (P 28754) Hellenistic kantharos Fig. 99, P1. 133 P21:4 H. 10.4; Diam. of body 10.1, of rim 8.9. One handle and fragmentsof rim and body missing. Well-made molded foot; beveled resting surface; pointed underside. Foot and underside unglazed. Scraped groove below lower handle attachment and below rim. Lower body horizontally faceted. Strap handles. On upper wall, white chevrons running right above white line. White stripe just below rim. Very micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/6); dull red glaze, peeling. A number of unusual features:white stripe below lip, placement of lower scrapedgroove, lack of thumb rests,semiglazing, form of foot. Note similarfoot, red glaze, and white decoration of 1675, from same deposit. Context of 225-190 1670 (P 12085) Hellenistic Fig. 99, P1. 133 kantharos N 20:6, channel Rest. H. 18.1; Diam. of body 19.6; est. Diam. of rim 18.6. Complete profile preserved; handles, most of foot, underside, and over half of body restored. Molded foot with scrapedgroove between moldings; beveled resting surface with ridge at inner edge. Inner profile of foot concave, set off from underside. Scraped groove at mid-body and at top of wall. Four curved lines incised on side A below mid-body scrapedgroove. Plain rim. A: small spearheadnecklace flanked by wreaths. Band of necklace is single line with

411

dots above and below; ties at end. B: spearhead necklace with double band runs across whole body, ties at end. Row of dots above each band of necklace and at tops of spearheads. Hard, fine, slightly micaceous, red fabric (2.5YR 5/6); metallic red glaze, partly black on one side and inside. Context of 225-190 1671 (P 4567) Large kantharos(?): Fig. 99, P1. 133 Pergamene Area G 13, lot r 102 Single rim fragment. P.H. 10.5; est. Diam. 30.0. Wall flares out at bottom. Projecting molding below rim, with scraped groove at top. Below molding, ivy garland running right with incised dot rosettes on incised stems. Micaceous, light reddish brown fabric (5YR 6/4); shiny black glaze outside, red inside; miltos. Cf. Bohtz and Albert 1975, no. 28a, p. 516, fig. 53 (Pergamon);contrastinginterior and exterior glazes are not uncommon on Pergamene Sigillata (PF VI, p. 17, Group E). For this contrast on other pieces at the Agora see 1665. Context of 3rd to 1st century,with late Roman intrusions 1672 (P9328)

Bowl with moldmade feet

Fig. 100, P1. 133

M 18:2 H. 15.6; rest. Diam. 20.7. One foot and about half of body restored. Large, moldmade shell feet with edges scored at attachment to body; deeply pierced on one side. Three groups of two concentric circles on underside: one at center, one just inside moldmade feet, one at outer edge of feet (possibly serving as guide to positioning of feet). Deep body with straight wall. Rim flat on top, slightly inwardly thickened, with two scraped grooves below on outside. Painted decoration in white and pale buff. On upper wall, alternating boukranion and target (one of each fully preserved). Silhouette of boukranionin buff, with white overpaintingacross top of skull, along nose, and on eyes, and with fillet consisting of dotted white line ending in tassel hanging from each horn. Target is alternatingwhite and buff circles, with white dot at center. Very micaceous, pink fabric (5YR 7/4); metallic black glaze with red patches below, shiny red inside; miltos. Another fragment with an identical target on a black glaze ground: P 31949 (C 10:1). An identical foot: P 488 (late Hellenistic context). For other instances of contrasting glaze on inside and outside see 1665. For hole pierced in side of shell foot see SamosXIV, p. 157, fig. 256:F.Forboukranioncf. Hadjimichali 1971, p. 207, fig. 42 (probablyCretan);Corinth VII, iii, no. 129, p. 40, pl. 45; and, at the Agora, 1683. Shape as Callaghan 1978a, no. 83, p. 20, pl. 6 (Knossos, after 175) and, probably,PF VI, no. 71, p. 218, pls. 4, 10, 38. Context of 115-90 1673 (P 10173) Hemispherical cup: Fig. 100, PI. 133 Pergamene? Area G 3, lot AA 55 H. 7.2; Diam. 16.0. Three-fourthsmissing. Slightly recessed underside. Two grooves at bottom of wall, twojust below half height. Rim beveled to inside, with scraped groove below. Scraped groove around medallion. Medallion: star with eight alternating orange and pink rays. Wall: large

412

CATALOGUE

ivy garland with dot rosettes. Micaceous, light reddish brown to reddish yellow fabric with very little mica (SYR 6/3-6/8); shiny black glaze; miltos. The pink color (possibly orange overpainted with white) is not paralleledin Attic. Forsimilarmedallionssee Nicole 1911, no. 1168, pp. 271-272, fig.9, pl. XXI;AvP IX, p. 120, pl. 59:c:1 (Pergamon);PF II, D 2, D 6, p. 59, pls. 10, 11 (Pergamon); Anderson 1954, nos. 244, 245, p. 153, pl. l:b (Chios, from deposit of ca. 275-225); Patsiada 1990, no. 17, pp. 149-150, fig. 6, pl. 52:P (Pergamene, from Rhodes); Ognenova 1960, p. 230, fig. 9 (Mesambria). Context of ca. 225-150 1674 (P 3513) Small trefoil Fig. 100, P1. 133 oinochoe F 12:7 H. 15.9; Diam. 8.2. Part of rim missing, foot chipped. Angular ring foot; flat resting surface; nippled underside. Pear-shaped body with steeply sloping upper body. Two grooves at half height run partway around the body; narrow groove at lower handle attachment. Thin neck. Trefoilmouth. Straphandle. Ghost ofpainted decoration, probablyoriginally in white: scalloped line punctuated by dots, with two vertical lines at either end (stylized version of swags or garland with ties at ends). Micaceous, light reddish brown fabric (5YR 6/4) with large white inclusions;shiny brown-to-blackglaze all over exterior. Mixed Hellenistic and modern context 1675 (P29345) Oinochoe Fig. 100, P1. 133 P21:4 P.H. 16.2; Diam. 10.5. Large parts of body restored;mouth missing. Very small, molded ring foot; beveled resting surface;conical underside. Ovoid body with high, slopingshoulder. Groove on belly and at lower handle attachment. Offsetat base of neck. Cylindrical neck, flaring towards top, with two grooves above handle attachment. Arching rope handle flanked by pellets at upper attachment. Dot rosette beside one handle attachment and trace of white paint on neck, opposite handle. On shoulder,below groove, probably a floral garland. Fairlyhard, gritty,micaceous, pink fabric (5YR 7/4) with white inclusions and voids; dull red glaze (2.5YR 5/8) with brown patches, outside only. Note similar fabric, foot, and white paint of 1669, from same deposit. For shape cf. EretriaII, IV:34, p. 59, pls. 19, 38, of a differentfabric. Context mostly of ca. 225-190 1676 (P 31967) Lagynos Fig. 100, P1. 133 O 17:5 P.H. 15.5; Diam. 15.6; Diam. of foot 9.3. Most of underside, one-third of foot, half of body, and all of handle and mouth missing. Body partly restored. Molded ring foot; flat resting surface. Lower wall straight, flaring out to meet convex shoulder at sharp angle. Shallow groove above angle, two grooves at base of thin neck. One groove at top of preserved section of neck. Shoulder divided into two registers by groove. Upper register:incised running spiral. Lower register:ivy garland with incised stems, orange leaves overpaintedwhite. At lower border,white dots between thin incised lines. On neck, spearhead necklace with incised band. Orange pendants with white dots at tips and on their

bodies, attached to band by incised zigzag line. Two incised ties at ends, with trailing tips. Fine, hard, slightly micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/6); shiny black glaze. Cf. 1662 (smaller, glazed red, but with very similar decoration). A nearly identical piece comes from a cistern on the south slope of the Akropoliswith Sullan debris and a few later pieces (Vogeikoff1993, D 40, p. 140, fig, 84, pl. 216 [inv. 1959-NAK-436]). For a piece of similar shape but completely differentfabric, see Kaltsas 1990, p. 39, fig. 8, pl. 5:y, B (Pylos). Context of 115-86 1677 (P 14424) Lagynos Fig. 100, P1. 133 M 20:1, middle fill P.H. 8.9; rest. Diam. of body 17.2. Fragmentsof neck and shoulder preserved;much restored. Rounded shoulder. Two grooves at base of tapering neck. Finely incised floral garland on shoulder, possibly serving as guide for painted decoration. Light yellowish brown fabric (10YR 6/4) with white, black, and red inclusions, many voids, and little mica; tiny flecks of brown glaze preserved. For other West Slope lagynoi see Keramopoullos 1932, nos. 57, 58, pp. 64-65, fig. 19:4, 5. Fabric is similar to that of some white-ground lagynoi, but the vessel was apparently glazed. Context of 115-86 1678 (P 31970) West Slope jug: P1. 133 Pergamene? P-R6-12 Max. p. dim. 5.1. Fragmentof shoulder. Curved shoulder of jug, oinochoe, or small amphora. Scraped groove at top of shoulder. Incised egg and dart with white paint within eggs. Hard, fine fabric, lighter than 2.5YR 6/6; dull brown glaze outside, red inside. Forshape and decoration cf. Patsiada 1990, no. 169, p. 189, pl. 75:P (Rhodian, mid-2nd century). For decoration cf. also PF II, D 80, p. 63, pl. 21; Behr 1988, no. 101, p. 174, fig. 23, pl. 18:2 (Pergamene);Patsiada 1990, nos. 116, 117, 121, pp. 177-178, pls. 66:y, 67:a (Pergamene,3rd-2nd century). Context of before ca. 150 1679 (P 31865) Bolster krater: Fig. 100, PI. 134 Pergamene M21:1 W. of rim 4.7; max. p. dim. 6.0. Rim fragment. Projecting rim, strongly convex on top. Top surface has pair of scraped grooves at either edge. At left, dolphin leaping right, with incised outline filled in with orange; at right, rosette with alternating orange and white petals. Hard, grainy, light red fabric (2.5YR 6/6) with black and white inclusions; shiny brown glaze. Probably Pergamene. Closely similar in shape and decoration:AvP IX, p. 120, pl. 57:h:7; TinosI, Ca6, p. 215, pls. 97, 116; D3, p. 219, pls. 100, 119; EphesosIX, ii/ii, B 104, p. 51, pl. 49. For decoration cf. also Patsiada 1990, no. 163, p. 187, pl. 73:8 (Pergamene, mid-2nd century). For the shape see PF II, p. 48, fig. 2:5 and D 38, p. 61, pl. 14; Behr 1988, nos. 67, 70, 71, pp. 156-158, figs. 15, 16, pls. 16:5, 6 and 17:1. Context of 250-175 1680 (P 31863) Krater K-L 18-20:1, east branch

Fig. 100, P1. 134

MISCELLANEOUS WARES IN WEST SLOPE TECHNIQUE Est. Diam. 37.0; max. p. dim. 8.0. Rim fragment. Overhanging rim with molded edge. Top nearly horizontal, with ridge and scraped groove at outer edge, scraped groove and glazed groove at inner edge. On top surface,bead and reel with white bead; diagonal lines at lower edge of vertical face of rim. Fine, micaceous fabric with voids, mottled light red (2.5YR 6/6) to gray; shiny,dark brown to black glaze; miltos. Probably part of later disturbance in context of 300-250 1681 (P 295) Krater or large bowl: Fig. 100, P1. 134 Pergamene? Area H 5 P.H. 10.0. One handle and part of wall. Large, deep vessel, convex below, concave above. Vertical handle, round in section and deeply grooved. At the two attachments,plastic heads from the same mold: beardlesshead with thick hair. Dot of paint on left eye of left attachment; verticallines under handle. Deeply incised line runs diagonally down from attachments, turning toward the horizontal. Fine, hard fabricwith no mica, reddishbrown towardsexterior(5YR 5/4), red towards interior (2.5YR 5/6); lustrous black glaze outside, red inside. Forcontrastingexteriorand interiorglaze see 1665. Similar handles appear on Italian pans and strainers of Malacena ware, with plastic attachmentsbetween the handle attachments instead of below them (Beazley 1947, pp. 278-280; Morel 1981, Series 6311, p. 396, pl. 195). The thicknessand angle of the wall, however, suggests that the piece comes from a larger vessel, possibly a krater (cf. Delos XXXI, no. 6005, p. 101, pl. 23 and, in gray ware, 1631). 1682 (P 5648) Small plate Fig. 100, P1. 134 E 14:3 H. 2.8; Diam. 13.4. Part of rim missing. Very small, flaring ring foot; rounded resting surface; flat underside. Foot pierced for hanging in such a way that griffin is upright. Shallow plate with convex-concave profile. Rim reserved on top, with deep groove. On floor, griffin leaping left in pseudo red-figuredtechnique, white dot rosettesin field. Hard, fine, yellowish red fabric (5YR 5/6); shiny black glaze, with finger markson lower exterior; miltos? Although small plates with grooved rims were made in Athens (e.g. 816-818, 820), they are not very similar to this piece, which has a more pronounced groove, a smaller foot, and a convex-concave profile. Plates of similar shape occur in Italy, but most are larger (Morel 1981, Series 1281 and 1646). The closest parallel among those illustratedby Morel is ibid., no. 1646f 1, p. 130, pl. 27 = Pancrazzi 1971, SF1/61, p. 145, fig. 82, from Sovana. The figure on 1682 is painted in silhouette, then interior details are added by scrapingaway the paint with a pointed tool so that the black glaze shows through as a dark line. This so-called pseudo red-figured technique is well known in Etruria and Apulia (Beazley 1947, pp. 195229), though I know of no close parallel there for our figure. Forgriffinsin this technique see CVA,BritishMuseum 7 [Great Britain 10], pl. 4 [479]:3 (from Fasano),with a pointed stroke for the penis, but otherwise very different from the griffin on 1682;Jacobsthal 1927, pl. 114:b. The griffinson Hadra vases often have gnarled forelegs like ours (e.g. Guerrini 1964, C 3, p. 15, pl. IV), but the plate form is not paralleled among published vessels from Crete, and pseudo red figure does not

413

seem to have been employed there. It is, however,documented at Pergamon(PF II, D 22, D 23, p. 60, pls. 9, 11), where largescale painted figureswere favored;cf. also 1659. Forgriffinsin other techniques on Hellenistic pottery see Behr 1988, no. 36, pp. 127-128, 136, fig. 10, pl. 15:1 (painted and incised on a red-wareskyphosfrom Pergamon)and Corinth VII, iii, no. 943, p. 187, pl. 84 (painted on the interior of a cup). Context of 115-50 PI. 134 1683 (P23032) Plate H-K 12-14 PH. 2.0; Diam. of foot 6.7. Foot and center of floor preserved. Ring foot, pierced for hanging; rounded resting surface; convex underside. Scraped groove around medallion, with boukranion within it. Dotted fillets with tassels at ends hang from large horns, and a swag hangs below. Traces of other swagson wall outside groove. Micaceous, reddishyellow fabric (5YR 6/6) with many voids; gritty glaze, dull brown at center, dull orange underneath, shiny black elsewhere. Fabric and decoration not paralleled in Attic pottery. For referencesto boukraniasee 1672. Context of before ca. 180 1684 (P4826) Plate P1. 134 Area M 12 PH. 1.8; est. Diam. of foot 8.5. Part of floor and foot. Ring foot; beveled resting surface; slightly pointed underside. Band of glaze around edge of underside, glazed circle at center. On floor, red-glazed circle at center, with scraped groove ca. 0.5 cm. within edge bounding sixteen-rayedasterisk with alternatingorange and white rays. Black-glazedband on floor bears painted pseudo bead and reel with white horizontals. Very fine, micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/6); shiny black and red glaze. Forpainted decoration on banded vessels see Corinth VII, iii, no. 127, p. 39, pl. 45; FdDV, i, no. 400, pp. 173-174, fig. 728, from a 3rd-centurycontext at Delphi; Giannikouri, Patsiada, and Philimonos 1990, pp. 182-183, pls. 100-102 (Rhodes); Behr 1988, no. 100, p. 174, fig. 22, pl. 18:1 (Pergamon). 2nd-centurycontext 1685 (P 19773) Small bowl or cup Fig. 100, P1. 134 P-R6-12 PH. 3.0; Diam. of foot 4.4. Foot and part of lower wall preserved. Weaklymolded ring foot; rounded resting surface;concave underside. Fairly steep wall. Rosette medallion with four white petals alternating with four orange rays. Very hard, grainy,reddish gray fabric (5YR 5/2), possibly overfired;dull black glaze. The darkcolor of the fabric and the form of the decoration are unusual in Attica. Context of before ca. 150 1686 (P9330)

Unguentarium: Italian?

Fig. 100, P1. 133

M 18:2 Rest. H. 23.2; rest. Diam. 10.8. Nonjoining sections of neck and lower body preserved;one handle, much of body, and half of rim restored. Lower body missing.

414

CATALOGUE

Scraped groove below greatest diameter, at handle attachments, and on neck. Tall, thin neck. Rim outwardly thickened, sloping down to outside and slightly overhanging on inside. Two vertical handles attached at shoulder. Orange bead and reel on belly, above lowest scraped groove. Decoration in incision on upper body and neck. Upper body: row of hoops. Neck (below scrapedgroove):row of double hoops with verticallines between them. Hard, fine, very pale brown fabric (10YR 8/3) with little mica and a few white inclusions;shiny to dull glaze, mottled from black to brown, much missing. For plain or banded unguentaria with similar handles see Mercando 1976, p. 183, fig. 12, p. 186, fig. 20, from Ancona; CVA,Capua, Museo Campano 4 [Italy44], pl. 9 [1982]:3, with reference to others on p. 16; Forti 1965, pl. XVI:a (Taranto); Jehasse andJehasse 1973, no. 1190, p. 343, pl. 142 (Corsica); I, nos. 21, 22, p. 397. Ampurias Context of 115-90 1687 (P 5308) Pyxis lid Fig. 100, P1. 134 Area L 10 P.H. 1.3; est. Diam. 9.1. Half of top preserved,with lower part missing. Slightly domed lid offset from flange. Two grooves at center. Verticalwall. On flange, alternatingpointed and rounded lotus petals. Rounded petals have double ribs accented with white dots; pointed petals done in white paint. On dome, olive garlandwith white fillet and rows of white dots as accents surroundspseudo bead and reel with white reel. Very micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 7/6); dull red glaze with black patches, metallic brown inside. Painted lotus pattern similar to that of Attic lids of Large Leaf Group (e.g. 1277) and late Hellenistic moldmade bowls of lotus-corolla type (e.g. P 3211 [AgoraXXII, no. 360, p. 87, pls. 64, 96]). Probablylate Hellenistic (late Roman context [no lot]) 1688 (P 31959 a, b) Reversiblelid: Fig. 100, P1. 134 Pergamene? M-N 15:1 (1) Est. Diam. 24.0; max. p. dim. (a) 13.5, (b) 4.1. Three joining fragments (a) and one nonjoining fragment (b) preserving less than one-fourth of top surface and small segment of rim. Convex top divided into registersby scrapedgrooves. Outer register: ivy garlandwith leaves on incised stems accented with groups of three white dots. Middle register:incised spiralwave pattern filled in with white below. Inner register:pseudo bead and reel with white horizontals. Fine, fairly hard, micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/6); metallic black glaze. For ivy cf. PF II, D 35, D 63, D 64, pp. 61-62, pls. 13, 16; Patsiada 1990, nos. 160, 199, pp. 187, 199, pls. 73:P, 78:8 (Pergamene, first half of 2nd century). For wave pattern cf. PF II, D 80, p. 63, pl. 21. Context of before ca. 150 1689 (P 17004) Lid: northwest Fig. 100, P1. 134 Greece? Area B 20, lot NN 158 PH. 9.7; Diam. 11.3. Top of knob missing; several areas of flange and rim restored. Lower wall slightly inclined and concave, with scraped groove at top and bottom. Slightly upturned flange with grooved edge. Domed top with groove and ridge around base of pear-shaped knob. Knob flares out at top, with smaller

finial above flare now missing. Trace of bead and reel between scrapedgrooves on verticalwall. Soft, fine, pink to reddishyellow fabric (7.5YR 8/4-7/6) with little mica; dull glaze, mottled reddish brown to red, mostly missing, with inside partly unglazed; miltos. A similar lid is displayed in the Ioannina Museum; somewhat similar is La Rosa 1990, p. 161, pl. 82:a, second from right, from Phaistos. Context of late 2nd century and first half of Ist century 1690 (P 19511) Large closed vessel P1. 134 Area B 15-16, lot IIII 121 Max. p. dim. 8.8. Wall fragment. Fragment from nearly horizontal shoulder of large, closed vessel. Star pattern consisting of two long, incised strokes bordered by white dots crossed in an X, with short incised strokes between. White dots prolong line of short strokes and one extra line of white dots is inserted at two o'clock. Additional lines of white dots at left and right. Hard, grainy, light red fabric (1OR6/6) with a few small white inclusionsand very little mica; grainy,dark red glaze mottled to black. Context of 4th to 2nd century,with coin of 130-90 (IIII-620, AgoraXXVI, variety 100; cf. Svoronos, pl. 107:54) 1691 (P 5753) Large closed vessel Fig. 100, PI. 134 Area H 15, lot K 73 PH. 6.4; Th. of wall 0.8. Single fragment, broken all around. Probably from steeply sloping shoulder of large, closed vessel. Vertical olive branch with white stem, orange leaves. Two swags or filletsattached to left side of top of branch. Fairly hard, very pale brown fabric (O1YR7/3) with a little very fine mica, large orange inclusions, quartz, and voids; dull black glaze on outside with voids in surface, possibly slight traces of glaze on interior. Late Hellenistic and early Roman context 1692 (P 31880) Wall fragment P1. 134 N 20:6, lower fill PH. 4.5. Wall fragment. Incised lattice above. Below, between scraped grooves, a register of incised triangles with traces of white and orange paint, possibly a white dot at apex of central triangle. Fairly hard, micaceous, red fabric (2.5YR 5/6); dull glaze, mottled brown to dark red. Cf. CVA,Kassel 2 [Germany 38], pl. 85 [1885]; Langlotz 1932, no. 663, p. 126, pl. 216. Both of these have been called Attic, and the latter is said to come from Athens, but, aside from this fragment, there are no parallels of definitely Attic provenience for this type of decoration. Context of 225-190 1693 (P 2977) Miniature oinochoe Fig. 100, P1. 134 H-K 12-14? H. 5.0; Diam. 5.3. Handle missing;most of rim restored. Raised base, slightly concave underneath. Squat body. Wide neck, flaring rim with groove on inside. Handle from rim to shoulder. White band at base of neck; white wavy line with dots on shoulder. Hard, slightly micaceous, reddish brown fabric (5YR 5/4) with small white and black inclusions; gritty,shiny black glaze; finger marks on lower wall. For decoration cf. 1272, 1665. Context of before 180?

MISCELLANEOUS WHEELMADE GLAZED AND PARTIALLYGLAZED WARES

415

MISCELLANEOUS WHEELMADE GLAZED AND PARTIALLYGLAZED WARES AND RELATED VESSELS 1694 (P 24143) Kantharos: Corinthian? P1. 135 AgoraXII, p. 122, note 61; AgoraXXVII, no. 89, p. 178, pl. 40. O-R 7-10 H. 11.6; Diam. 10.3. One handle and half of upper body restored. Molded foot; flat resting surface; nippled underside. Low stem. Scraped groove between moldings of foot, at junction of stem and body, and on lower body. Horizontal handle spurs with tapering sides. Fine, light gray fabric (2.5Y 7/2) with small red, orange, and white inclusions; shiny black glaze, mostly missing; miltos. Context of before ca. 290 1695 (P 13430) Kantharos: Corinthian P1. 135 or Boiotian? O 20:3, II H. 9.0; Diam. 8.3. Intact. Small molded foot; beveled resting surface;concave underside. Low stem. Deep, convex lower body; straight upper body, inclined. Plain rim. Vertical strap handles from belly to below rim. Soft, fine, micaceous, pink fabric (7.5YR 7/4) with orange and red inclusions and many voids; mottled glaze, thin and orange to brown outside, brown inside; part of foot, underside, and resting surface reserved;finger markson lower body. Similar in shape to the Hexamilia kantharoi of Corinth (CorinthVII, iii, nos. 515-521, pp. 86-87, pls. 16, 54; Pemberton 1985, pp. 282-283, pl. 79) but with a molded foot. Possibly a hybrid such as ibid.,no. 49, p. 302, pl. 79. Cf. also Arapogianni 1990, Tomb V, no. 12479, p. 98, fig. 14, pl. 34:y (Boiotian). Context of 250-225 1696 (P27186) Calyx-cup Fig. 101, P1. 135 E 29:4 PH. 6.2; Diam. 12.3. Upper body, bottom, and some relief attachments missing; lower body partly restored. Two glazed grooves at top of lower body; below this, alternating applied satyrheads and lozenges, all of the latterbroken away. Satyrshave full beards, snub noses, high foreheads. Very hard, red fabric (1OR5/6); smooth, shiny black-to-greenglaze, thin on upper part of lower body inside. For lozenges on the lower body cf. PaphosIII, no. 18, p. 9, fig. II, pl. VI:7; Adriani 1952a, no. 6, p. 10, fig. 21:21 on p. 26, pl. IV:1; Pfrommer 1987, KaB A 2, p. 213, pl. 45:d (Alexandria);and, in faience, Wallis 1898, p. 52, fig. 110. Context of 300-275 1697 (P 31878 a, b) Hellenistic Fig. 101, P1. 135 kantharos N 20:6, lower fill Est. Diam. 14.5; p.H. (a) 4.3; max. p. dim. (b) 3.2; W. of handle 2.5. One-third of rim, with handle attachment (a) and part of handle (b, not illustrated)preserved. Large vessel with incurved rim, either a large Corinthian skyphosor a Kabeiric kantharos. Strap handle attached below rim, attachment flanked by plastic tabs. Handle fragment b

has triangular spur. Very fine, hard, slightly micaceous, red fabric (2.5YR 5/6); slightly metallic black glaze. Shape as KabirionIII, nos. 126, 127, 129, p. 131, pl. 8, but larger. Large, figured Kabeiric cups sometimes have handle I, passim)but have ring handles ratherthan strap spurs(Kabirion handles. Possiblyan Attic copy of a Boiotian shape, but ifAttic, it is a hapax. Context of 225-190 1698 (P 12090) Two-handled cup Fig. 101, P1. 135 G. R. Edwards 1965, p. 20, fig. 5. N 20:4, fill IV P.H. to rim 7.4; Diam. 11.0. Foot missing;bottom and half of body restored. Groove at greatest diameter. Rim convex to outside, with groove below lip. Narrow strap handles with one groove;small rotellesat arch. Micaceous, pinkfabric(7.5YR 7/4); dullglaze, red above, brown below and inside. A fragment of a similar cup from fill II of the same deposit: P 19114. Apparently a late Hellenistic and early Roman shape. Forgeneralparallelsfor shape see [Kourouniotes] 1902, pl. e:25, from the Antikythera wreck, which had a largely eastern cargo and probably sank in the second quarter of the 1stcentury. Cf. also Bruneau 1970, no. 61.10, p. 478, figs. 110, 111, from a tomb of the second half ofthe 1st century at Argos; DelosXXVII, D 28-D 30, p. 242, fig. 124, pl. 41; OlBerVI, p. 49, fig. 31:a (earlyImperial, from Olympia). Context of 100-75 1699 (P 6004) Two-handled cup Fig. 101, P1. 135 E 14:3 H. 8.0; rest. Diam. 10.1. Most of rim, half of upper wall, all of one handle and most of the other restored. Flaring ring foot; grooved resting surface; pointed underside. Angular body with maximum diameter very low. Two glazed groovesjust above lower handle attachment. Rim convex to outside, with groove below lip. Strap handles with two grooves. Micaceous, light red fabric(2.5YR 6/6); grainy glaze, brown above, red below and inside. For discussion see 1698. Context of 115-50 1700 (P 11684) Hemispherical cup Fig. 101, P1. 135 M-N 18:1, lower fill Rest. H. 8.0; rest. Diam. of rim 12.4. Fragments amounting to about one-third of cup; most of rim and all of lower body restored. Hemispherical body with two to three shallow grooves at top. Concave, outturned rim with two grooves below lip. Micaceous, reddishyellow fabric (5YR 6/6); dull orange glaze, mostly missing. Possibly made in imitation of red-ware cups such as DelosXXVII, D 39, p. 244, fig. 125, pl. 42. Context of 100-50 1701 (P 14979) Hemispherical cup Fig. 101, P1. 135 Area B 22, lot NN 115 H. 7.5; Diam. 12.5. Raised base with flat bottom. Broad groove at base of wall. Hemispherical cup with two glazed grooves at junction with

416

CATALOGUE

rim area. Slightly flaring rim. Micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/6); grainy, shiny black glaze below, red above, with many voids in surface;finger markson lower body. Glaze somewhat similar to that of P 5661 and P 19822. Probablylate Hellenistic (context of 1stcentury after Christ)

grooves on lower body. Scraped groove at base of wide neck. Flaring rim. Light reddish brown fabric (5YR 6/4); shiny brown glaze inside and out, thin in places. Context of 250-175

1702 (P 16110) Amphora: Fig. 101, PI. 135 Northern Greece? G 14:2, middle fill, at 13 m. H. 17.0; Diam. 11.4. Part of body, one handle and upper part of the other restored. Foot chipped, piece of rim missing. Flaring ring foot with groove near bottom; flat resting surface, reserved; slightly pointed underside. Baggy body with greatest diameter very low. Convex lower body meets concave upper body at slight angle. Two scraped grooves define upper body area. Sloping shoulder at angle to body, with scraped groove at top and bottom. Short neck. Cup mouth with angular exterior profile and flaring rim. Two twisted rope handles from shoulder to below rim. Soft, fine, slightly micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (7.5YR 7/6); dull brown glaze with dark red patches. Perhaps an elaborate version of the Macedonian amphora: cf. Veroia,pp. 117-120, figs. 13-15, pls. 18-20; Sokolovska 1994, p. 217, pl. 165:8. 2nd-century context

1706 (P 3794) Situla Fig. 101, PI. 135 E 15:7, lower fill H. 6.9; Diam. 6.6. Foot and rim chipped. Raised base with flaring profile; concave underside. Deep body with two grooves below projecting rim. Strap handle, concave to outside. Fine, porous, very micaceous fabric with large red and white inclusions; reddish yellow (5YR 6/6), mottled to gray and yellow, possibly burnt; thin, dull grayto-orange wash. Cf. AncientMacedonia,no. 362, pp. 390-391, a miniature from a child's grave. Context of 325-200

1703 (P 7942) Oinochoe: Italian? Fig. 101, P1. 135 Area N 15 P.H. 7.4. Part of handle and mouth. Slightly outturned rim. Large triple handle with applique head of Dionysos at base, facing into mouth of vessel. Head turns to proper left, has thick hair, and wears fillet over forehead, with one end falling down along right cheek. Micaceous, reddish brown fabric (5YR 6/6) with small red and white inclusions; shiny black-to-brownglaze. Fabric similar to that of 1765 and 1766. Similar Dionysos: 378. The shape may have been somethinglike CVA,Stuttgart1 [Germany 26], pls. 51, 52 [1263, 1264] and CVA,Philadelphia 1 [USA 22], pl. 22 [1078], Apulian red-figureoinochoai with appliques in this position. Late Roman context 1704 (P 5776) Small lagynos Fig. 101, P1. 135 F 13:3, upper fill (POU) PH. 6.4; Diam. 7.8. Neck and handle missing. Angular ring foot; flat restingsurfaceand convex underside. Very rounded lower body; straight, sloping shoulder. Broad, glazed groove abovejunction of lowerbody and shoulder. Thin neck. Strap handle. Fine, soft, micaceous fabric, reddish yellow on bottom (7.5YR 7/6), yellowish red at points where glaze has chipped away (5YR 5/6); shiny black glaze, resting surface and underside unglazed. Context of 150-86 1705 (P 18743) Smalljug with Fig. 101, P1. 135 wide mouth M21:l H. 7.3; Diam. 7.7. Handle and parts of rim and body restored. Recessed bottom; convex underside. Ovoid body with deep scrapedgroove at greatestdiameter. Two to fourthinnerglazed

1707 (P 3229 b, Krater:Asia Minor? Fig. 101, P 3229 a + P 20593) P1. 135 Area E 14, lot r 77 (late-2nd- to early-ist-century fill in Great Drain) and D-E 15:1 P.H. (a) 16.5, (b) 14.0; est. Diam. of rim 40.0. Two nonjoining sections: one wall fragment (b: P 3229 b) and part of wall and rim (a: P 3229 a+ P 20593). Upper body of calyx krater with widely flaring, molded, overhanging rim. Lower element of rim stamped with ovolo; upper element diagonally scored. Below rim, on inside, a guilloche pattern formed by two rows of stamped spirals, all within grooves. On wall, applique ivy garland with straight stem, heart-shaped leaves, and thick clusters of berries. Micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (7.5YR 7/6); shiny-to-lustrous black glaze, much missing. For similar stamped rims see 1598-1600, 1708, 1709; similar stamps also appear on 1614. Shape and position of decoration reminiscent of Malacena Ware kraters(Montagna Pasquinucci 1972, Form 40A, pp. 325-329, fig. 7 on p. 289, no. 285), but the ware is probably eastern. The clusters of berries are similar to those on Pergamene appliqut ware (cf. PF II, pls. 34, 35). The shape and stamping of the rim is like that on ESA plates of Form 8 (SamariaIII, no. 8, p. 328, fig. 78:8; HESamaria,Type 6, p. 306, fig. 185:6a; Hama III, ii, nos. 19, 21, 23, pp. 85-88, figs. 36, 37), which sometimes have stamped egg and dart (ratherthan ovolo) and beading in the same position as on our piece. The combination of egg and dart, beading, and spiralsoccurs more regularlyon plates or bowls of a different variant of Samaria Form 8 (Antioch IV, i, Shape 101, p. 22, fig. 4:9-12; SamariaIII, no. 2, p. 328, fig. 327:2; Coldstream 1973,J 1, p. 46, pl. 28). Context of 150 to early 1st century 1708 (P 31965) Krater? Fig. 101, PI. 135 Asia Minor? O 17:6 Rest. Diam. 24.0; max. p. dim. 5.8. Fragmentof rim. Overhanging rim with stamped ovolo on vertical face. Six thin, shallow grooves on upper surface. Widely flaring wall. Hard, fine, micaceous, light red fabric(2.5YR 6/8); shiny black glaze. Context of 200-125

MISCELLANEOUS WHEELMADE GLAZED AND PARTIALLYGLAZED WARES 1709 (P 31951) Krater? Fig. 101, PI. 135 Asia Minor? P-R6-12 Est. Diam. 30.0. Two joining fragments preserving one-fourth of rim. Overhanging rim, horizontal on top with ridge at outer edge. On overhanging edge, a scraped groove above convex area stamped with ovolo. Light red fabric (2.5YR 6/6); shiny black glaze, mostly missing on outside. From a deep bowl or a krater. Rim is a simplifiedimitation of ESA Samaria Form 8: cf. Hama III, ii, nos. 8, 12, p. 85, fig. 33 on p. 79. Context of before ca. 150 1710 (P 23056) Krater Fig. 101, PI. 135 M-N 15:1 (4), disturbed P.H. 4.1; est. Diam. of foot 14.0. Small segment of foot preserved. High foot with two torus moldings separated by broad groove with ridge and scraped groove above. Lower element stamped with two rows of ovolos. Low stem. Hard, grainy, light reddish brown fabric (5YR 6/3) with very little mica and one large white inclusion; shiny gray glaze. Context of before ca. 150 1711 (P 29758) Plate: rolled Fig. 102, Pls. 136, 148 rim Area M 5, lot BA 561 H. 4.0; est. Diam. 22.0. About half preserved;burned. Broad ring foot, irregularly convex to exterior; rounded resting surface; convex underside. Rolled rim. Stamp in center of floor: cross within circle. Gritty, fairly hard fabric with mica and tiny white inclusions; light red (2.5YR 6/6) except in burned areas, where it is pinkish gray (7.5YR 6/2); metallic brown glaze. Stamp somewhat like HamaIII, ii, nos. 4a, 4b, p. 101, fig. 40 on p. 103, fig. 44 on p. 111 (sigillata). Similar stamps, but smaller and not centered, are known in Etruscan black glaze (Pyrgi,p. 487, fig. 380:71 and p. 500, fig. 383, second row from bottom, at right). Context of third quarter of 3rd century 1712 (P 8907) Plate Fig. 102, P1. 136 AgoraV,F 40,p. 14. N 19:1, upper fill (Group F) H. 4.0; Diam. 19.3. Parts of floor and rim restored. Angular foot; rounded resting surface; irregularlyconvex underside. Straight wall, slightly flaring at top. Plain rim. Micaceous, very pale brown fabric (ca. 10YR 7/3), with large white and red inclusions and many voids; dull reddish purple glaze inside and on upper outside. Cf. Bruneau 1970, no. 61:6, pp. 476-479, fig. 106; nos. 188:6, 7, p. 507, figs. 181, 182, fig. 212 on p. 519. Context of 110 to early 1st century after Christ 1713 (P 16621) Fish-plate: Fig. 102, PI. 136 Corinthian? K-L 18-20:1; east branch H. 5.5; Diam. 29.6. Chips missing. Broad ring foot, convex to outside; beveled resting surface, reserved; convex underside. Concave floor. Broad scraped

417

groove around shallow depression and around edge of floor. Fairly narrow rim sloping to outside. Micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (7.5YR 7/6), mottled orange in places; dull to shiny black glaze, brown stackingcircle. Another with similar fabric comes from E 14:1, lower fill: P 5838. For Corinthian fish-platessee Corinth VII, iii, nos. 131-133, pp. 40-41, pls. 5, 46, none of which provides an exact parallel for our piece. The deep profile suggests a date later than the firsthalf of the 3rd century,and the piece may belong with the later material in the deposit. Context of 300-250, with later disturbance 1714 (P 26039) Fish-plate Fig. 102, PI. 136 0 17:5 H. 3.3; Diam. 13.7; Diam. of depression 1.7. Piece of rim missing. Flaring foot; broad, flat, uneven resting surface, slightly beveled to outside; pointed underside. Deep body with concave floor. Groove around very small depression and around edge of floor. Very flaring rim at angle to floor. Pink fabric (5YR 7/4); grainy,metallic black glaze with finger markson foot and lower wall, depression partly unglazed; rim chipped before glazing. Context of 115-86 1715 (P 31954) Fish-plate:Ionian? Fig. 102, PI. 136 M-N 15:1 (2) Est. Diam. 21.0. One-fourth of rim and floor preserved. Overhanging rim. Two scraped grooves at outer edge of floor and two around central depression; rouletting on floor. Hard fabricwith white inclusionsand many voids, firedgray at core, reddish yellow towards surface (5YR 6/6), light brown on surface (7.5YR 6/4); grainy, metallic glaze on floor and overhangingrim only. For rouletting on a fish-plate see Mitsopoulou-Leon 19721975, cols. 498-499, fig. 1:B(Ephesos);Papuci-Wladyka1994, p. 262, pl. 209:35 (Paphos). Context of before ca. 150 1716 (P 6241) Fish-plate Fig. 102, P1. 136 E 14:1, lower fill P.H. 3.6; Diam. of foot 7.8, of depression 3.8. Foot and floor preserved. Ring foot, convex to exterior; flat resting surface; convex underside. Pronounced ridge around depression. Side of depression undercut, mound in center. Four radiatingpalmettes stampedarounddepression. Gritty,reddishyellow fabric(5YR 6/6) with mica and large white inclusions;thick, metallic black glaze with spalling on surface. The profile of the depression, the ridge surroundingit, and the stamps identify the piece as an import. Stamped fishno. 17, p. 419, plates are known from a variety of sites:Kalydon, figs. 144, 146; Delos XXVII, D 54, p. 248, pl. 43; Adriani 1952a, pl. IV:3 (Alexandria). For the profile of the depression cf. Pfrommer 1985, nos. 36, 37, p. 56, figs. 36, 37 on p. 70 (Miletos). Context of 325-200, with late Hellenistic disturbance 1717 (P 24823) Fish-plate:Argive? H-K 12-14 H. 3.1; est. Diam. 15.0. One-fourth preserved.

Fig. 102, P1. 136

418

CATALOGUE

Low,flaringring foot; broad, beveled restingsurface;slightly convex underside,with nipple. Scraped groove arounddepression; two narrow grooves in floor. Upturned and slightly incurved rim. Very fine, hard, smooth, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 7/6) with mica; thin, metallic brown glaze, foot and underside unglazed. Same fabric: 1734 and 1735. Context of before ca. 180 1718 (P 11825) Banded fish-plate Fig. 102, P1. 136 N 19:1, upper fill (Group F) Max. H. 4.2; Diam. 21.0. Over half of rim, part of floor and foot restored. High foot; beveled resting surface. Floor concave with shallow groove around outer edge and around depression. Rim nearly horizontal, curved on top, separated from wall on exterior by groove. Reddish yellow fabric with little mica and many white inclusions; thin, brown glaze on depression, rim, and band on floor and on exterior except for lower part of foot and underside. Similar: P 8573 (Rotroff 1983, no. 105, p. 297, fig. 6 on 269, p. pl. 61 [E 6:2, upper fill]). The banded fish-platewas common on the coast of Turkey; many fragments may be observed on the beach at Kyme, and they are reportedfrom Pergamon, Ephesos, Samos, and Lesbos (e.g. AvP XI, i, nos. 147, 152, 237, pp. 123-124, pls. 43, 48, 65; AvP XI, ii, nos. 244, 247, 248, 262, 264, 269, pp. 87-88, pl. 51:2; Mitsopoulou-Leon 1972-1975, col. 498; SamosXIV, p. 158, fig. 258 A, B [gray ware]; Archontidou-Argyri 1990, pl. 63), as well as on Delos and at Apollonia (DelosXXVII, D 68, p. 249, pl. 43; Apollonia,no. 625a, p. 232, pl. 122). Context of 110 to early 1st century after Christ 1719 (P 21013) Fish-plate Fig. 102, PI. 136 H-K 12-14 H. 3.9; est. Diam. 24.0. Segment of plate from rim to edge of depression. Low,flaringring foot; broad, beveled restingsurface;convex underside. Concave floor. Groove around depression. Narrow,heavy rim meets floor at angle. Micaceous, light red fabric (2.5YR 6/6) with black, white, and red inclusions; unglazed except for patch of dull red glaze on floor. For unglazed fish-platessee PF II, p. 35; SamariaIII, no. 2, p. 265, fig. 56:2; EtThasVII, no. 37, p. 136, pl. LXI; Apollonia, nos. 626-631, p. 233, fig. 90, pl. 122; IkarosII, ii, nos. 453-460, p. 35, pl. 46. Context of before ca. 180 1720 (P 11536) Saucer with projectingrim Fig. 102 E 5:2, lower fill H. 3.2; Diam. 16.6. About one-third missing. Broad ring foot; beveled resting surface; convex underside. Shallow saucer with slightly downturned rim. Slightly micaceous, pink fabric (ca. 7.5YR 7/4); shiny black glaze inside, brown outside. Context of 250-190 1721 (P 26075) Large saucer or Fig. 102, P1. 136 with rim plate projecting O 17:7, lower fill H. 5.4-5.9; Diam. 30.0. Over half of rim, parts of wall, and center of floor restored. Low, flaring ring foot; rounded resting surface; flat underside. Deep, broad saucer or plate with wall slightly convex at

base, slightly concave below rim. Strongly offset rim, convex on top. Pale yellow fabric (2.5Y 8/4) with black and white inclusions and many voids; shiny black glaze, mostly missing, lower exterior probably unglazed. Context of 225-150 1722 (P 6757) Large plate with Fig. 102, PI. 136 downturned rim F 13:3, upper fill (unknowndepth) H. 4.5-5.6; Diam. 46.2. About halfofrim, parts of wall, and center of floor restored. Broad ring foot; flat resting surface; nearly flat underside. Wall offset below rim on outside. Downturned rim, curved. One to two grooves at junction of rim and floor. Very porous, very pale brown fabric (10YR 7/3); dull black glaze, mostly missing. Context of 150-86 1723 (P 5640) Plate with offset rim Fig. 102, P1. 137 E 14:3 H. 7.3; est. Diam. 31.0. One-third of rim and wall preserved;center of floor missing. Flaring, angular ring foot; grooved resting surface. Deep plate. Very wide rim with upturned lip; rim strongly offset from wall on both outside and inside. Rouletting on floor. Very micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/6); dull red glaze, much missing. An imitation of Samaria ESA Form 3 (SamariaIII, no. 5, 294, p. fig. 66:5; HamaIII, ii, pp. 78-80, fig. 33). 115-50 1724 (P 4405) Plate Fig. 102, P1. 137 F 12:3, middle fill H. 3.1; Diam. 13.2; Diam. of foot 6.7. Rim badly chipped, but complete profile preserved except for center of underside. Flaring ring foot; grooved resting surface; nippled underside. Straight wall. Broad rim offset on interior, with slightly overhanging lip. Broad groove around center of floor. Fine, hard, micaceous, light red fabric (2.5YR 6/6); unglazed. Context of 310-275 1725 (P 6861) Stamped plate PI. 148 E 10:1 P.H. 2.6; Diam. of foot 7.6. Half of foot preserved. Angular ring foot; flat resting surface; slightly concave underside. Stamp on floor, not centered: ET retrograde, in rectangle with rounded corners. Very micaceous, gritty, light brownfabric(7.5YR 6/4) with red and white inclusions;metallic brown glaze outside, black with maroon stacking circle inside, underside and resting surface unglazed. Context of ca. 120-86 1726 (P 10847) Stamped plate Fig. 102, PI. 148 Iliffe 1939, p. 74. Area G 5 P.H. 2.7; Diam. of foot 7.7. Foot and floor preserved,with part of lower wall. Flaring ring foot; rounded resting surface; pointed underside. Groove on lower body. At center of floor is stamped M within roughly rectangularfield. Very micaceous, light brown fabric (7.5YR 6/4) with black and white inclusions and voids; metallic reddish brown glaze, inside only. Late Hellenistic context with later intrusions (no lot)

MISCELLANEOUS WHEELMADE GLAZED AND PARTIALLYGLAZED WARES 1727 (P 8674) Stamped plate P1. 148 C 8:2 Max. p. dim. 4.8. Part of foot and floor. Ring foot. Stamp on floor, not centered: ligature of the letters OEOT in oval field. Light brown fabric (7.5YR 6/4) with very little mica; metallic black glaze. Vessels stamped 0, EE, and OEf2N are known from Samothrace (Samothrace II, ii, nos. 98-102, 113, pp. 70-71, 74; McCredie 1965, pp. 115-116, pl. 35:a, b). The practice of stamping these letters during production begins there in the 5th century and continues throughout the 4th and 3rd centuries; it is not attested elsewhere. It is thought that these vessels were specially ordered from the manufacturerfor use in rituals at the site (Samothrace II, ii, pp. 22, 32). Our stamp may identify the piece as the property of a single divinity and thus apparentlynot destined for Samothrace;it may then constitute evidence for another sanctuary that followed the same practice. Alternatively,it may be a casual stamp taken from a ring bezel; cf. 690. Context of late 1st century B.C. to early 1st century after Christ 1728 (P 9175) Stamped plate Fig. 102, P1. 148 D 11:1 P.H. 2.6; Diam. of foot 8.4. About half of foot and floor preserved. Deep plate or shallow bowl. Angular ring foot; beveled resting surface; slightly pointed underside. Two radiating palmette stamps (probably originally four) within rouletting; at center, comic slave mask. Gritty,micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/6); dull red glaze. Another fragment (P 4195) with an identical stamp at the center of the floor has very micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/6) and brown glaze. The occurrence of two pieces clearly from the same workshop leaves open the possibility that they are Attic, but the fabric and glaze do not appear to be local. Context of 50 B.C. to A.D. 50

1729 (P 6499) Stamped plate P1. 148 Area G 12, lot B 324 Max. p. dim. 6.6. Center of floor preserved. Convex underside, with trace of groove around edge. At center of floor,six-petaled rosettewithin hexagon with concave sides, all within circular field. Reddish brown fabric (5YR 5/4) with voids and small white and black inclusions;metallic brownish black glaze. Similar: P 31925 (F 13:3, upper fill [unknown depth]). Central stamps are unknown in Attic but common in Italian wares: e.g. Morel 1965, nos. 12, 16, 66, 104, pp. 34-36, 5253, 65, pls. 2, 3, 5, 9, 39, 40, 46; Py 1976, p. 576, fig. 9:1-12, p. 578, fig. 10:14-27 (Campana A);Jehasse andJehasse 1973, nos. 226, 1015, pp. 168, 312, pl. 122. They also occur in the east in ESA, black glaze, and gray ware: SamariaIII, no. 33, p. 258, fig. 52:33, no. 6, p. 260, fig. 53:6 (with additional references, black glaze); Pagenstecher 1913, nos. 2, 9, p. 30, fig. 35 (grayware) and p. 143, fig. 150:b (blackglaze);AntiochIV, i, Shape 30, p. 12, fig. 3:2 (black glaze); TarsusI, nos. 41, 42, 138, pp. 213, 221, figs. 120, 121, 127 (local glazed ware); HamaIII, ii, p. 67, fig. 30 (ESA). Late Hellenistic? (Roman context)

419

1730 (P 20496) Bowl with Fig. 103, Pls. 137, 148 outturned rim E 14:3 H. 4.2; rest. Diam. 9.5. Three-fourths of wall and rim restored. High, flaring ring foot with deep groove near bottom; steeply beveled, concave resting surface; convex underside. Angular body. Wall slightly offset from floor on interior. Shallow groove below rim on inside. Foursmall radiatingpalmettes within roulettingborderedby circles. Micaceous, yellowishred fabric (5YR 5/6); shiny brown-to-blackglaze. The form of the foot as well as rouletting within inscribed circles indicates the piece is either an import or an imitation of an imported piece. Rouletting bounded by inscribed circles is a commonplace of Italian black wares (see, for example, references under 1643 and 1644). It is also found on eastern gray wares (e.g. SamariaIII, no. 39, p. 259, fig. 52:39), on ESA (Burkhalter1987, no. 134, p. 381, fig. 15), and on Pergamene sigillata (PF VI, no. 305, p. 237, pl. 18). Context of 115-50 1731 (P 3265) Bowl with Fig. 103, Pls. 137, 148 outturned rim Area E 14, lot r 79, in Great Drain, with 544 H. 3.9; est. Diam. 11.0; Diam. of foot 4.9. Three-fourths of wall and rim restored. Flaringring foot; rounded restingsurface,worn or reserved; convex underside. Very angularprofile. Projectingrim, nearly horizontal on top. Inner wall slightly offset from flat floor. Fouralternatingrosettes and palmettes, radiatingfrom rosette in center, all within rouletting, on floor. Soft, very micaceous, pink fabric (7.5YR 7/4); dull red-to-blackglaze, peeling. Context of late 2nd century to first half of 1st century 1732 (P 17022) Bowl with Fig. 103, PI. 137 outturned rim D 19:2, fill I H. 5.0; est. Diam. 13.0; Diam. of foot 6.9. Three-fourths of wall and rim missing. High, flaring ring foot; beveled resting surface; pointed underside at angle to inner face of foot. Angular profile, straight upper wall with very slightly projecting lip. Four tiny palmettes within rouletting on floor. Somewhat soft, very micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/6) with many small inclusions;thick, shiny brown glaze with metallic patches, tan in places; finger markson foot and lower wall. Context of late second to early 1st century 1733 (P 17516) Bowl with Fig. 103, Pls. 137, 148 outturned rim B 20:7, upper fill H. 2.8; est. Diam. 9.5; Diam. of foot 4.5. Three-fourths of wall and rim missing. Flaringring foot; beveled restingsurface;pointed underside, unglazed. Angular profile, overhanging rim. Three palmettes radiate from central rosette on floor, within rouletting. Fine, hard, micaceous, red fabric (2.5YR 5/6); metallic black glaze, brown in stacking circle. Palmettessimilar to those on moldmade bowls: e.g. P 11432 (AgoraXXII, no. 30, p. 48, pls. 5, 94 [E 5:2]). Context of 325-200

CATALOGUE

420 1734 (P 4705)

Bowl with outturned rim: Argive?

Fig. 103, P1. 137

G 12:6 P.H. 3.1; Diam. 13.0. Half of rim and upper wall preserved. Slightly angular profile. Strongly outturned rim. Hard, smooth, very fine, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/6) with mica; metallic gray glaze inside and on upper part of outside. Same fabric: 1717 and 1735. Context of 300-250 Echinus bowl: Fig. 103, Pl. 137 Argive? E 14:1, lower fill H. 5.6; Diam. 13.1. Small areas of rim restored. Flaringring foot; beveled restingsurface;pointed underside. Stronglyincurvedrim. Hard, very fine, smooth, reddishyellow fabric (5YR 6/6) with mica; metallic brown-to-black glaze inside and on upper part of exterior. Same fabric: 1717 and 1734. Context of 325-200 with late Hellenistic disturbance 1735 (P 6268)

1736 (P 14305) Echinus bowl Fig. 103, P1. 137 N 20:7, lower fill H. 5.5; est. Diam. 12.5. About three-fourthsrestored. Slightly concave bottom. Convex wall with slight concavity at base. Slightly incurved rim. Reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/6) with very little mica; dull red glaze outside, black on rim, shiny red inside with metallic patches, double dipped. Context of 225-165 1737 (P 27218) Echinus bowl Fig. 103, P1. 137 Area E 29-30. lot AE 9 H. 4.9; Diam. 13.3. About one-third of wall missing. Raised base, slightlyconcave underneathwith nipple. Body pared. Rim slightly incurved, with very thin lip. Fine, very hard, light reddish brown fabric (5YR 6/4) with many white inclusions and voids; thin, dull brown glaze inside only. Early Hellenistic context 1738 (P 23597) Bowlwith Fig. 103, P1. 137 projecting rim AgoraXXVII, no. 246, p. 200, pl. 52. Q9:4 and P-R 6-12 H. 4.9; Diam. 13.9; Diam. of foot 6.5. One-third of wall and two-thirdsof rim missing. Flaring, angular ring foot; rounded resting surface;pointed underside. Projecting rim, convex on top. Faint rouletting within two narrow grooves on floor. Hard, fairly micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/6) with voids and a few white inclusions;dull black glaze, partly mottled red. Context of 250-165 1739 (P 5655) Carinated bowl Fig. 103, P1. 137 E 14:3, in tunnel leading to E 14:1 H. 4.3; Diam. 10.3. One-fourth of rim and upper wall missing. Slightly angular ring foot; flat resting surface; convex underside. Convex lower body meets concave upper body at angle. Floor offset from wall on inside. Thickened rim with two grooves on top. Rouletting and small central circle on

floor. Light reddish brown fabric (5YR 6/4) with white inclusions; shiny black glaze with metallic patches; finger markson lower body. Fabric somewhat similar to that of 963. The similarities between this piece, 1740, and 1741 and their contexts suggest that they are probably approximatelycontemporary,although they are of different fabrics. The rouletted floor and grooved rim are alien to Attic pottery of this period. Context of 115-50 1740 (P 12099) Carinated bowl Fig. 103, PI. 137 N 20:4, fill II H.4.1;Diam. 11.5. About one-fourth of rim and upper body missing. Irregularlyflaringring foot; concave resting surface;convex underside. Convex lower body. Upper wall is inclined, with two grooves. Rim flat on top, slightly thickened to outside. Rouletting on floor. Very micaceous, pink fabric (7.5YR 7/4); dull black glaze, red on upper body, also very micaceous, and much of it missing. See 1739 for comments. Context of 110-75 1741 (P 11833) Carinated bowl Fig. 103, P1. 137 N 19:1, upper fill (Group F) H. 4.9; Diam. 12.2. Center of floor and sections of wall restored. Flaring ring foot; curved resting surface;convex underside. Slightly convex lower wall meets slightly concave upper wall at angle. Two grooves below rim. Rim slightly outwardly thickened,with shallowgroove on top. Two circlesofrouletting on floor. Micaceous, light red fabric (2.5YR 6/6); shiny red glaze (2.5YR 5/6). Similar but deeper: Veroia, II 2127, p. 89, fig. 22 on p. 131, pl. 60. See 1739 for further comments. Context of 110 to early 1st century after Christ 1742 (P8559) Deep bowl Fig. 103, PI. 137 E 6:1, lower fill H. 8.9; rest. Diam. 11.2. Most of rim and much of body restored. Very small raised base with flaring profile, deeply concave undersidewith groove and nipple. Slightly flaring rim, steeply beveled to inside. Light brown fabric (7.5YR 6/4) with a few large white inclusions;shiny black glaze, much of it missing. Context of 175-125 1743 (P 16857) Saltcellarwith Fig. 103, P1. 137 concave wall Area G 13, lot Z 743 H. 4.5; Diam. 6.3. Pieces of foot and wall and half of rim missing. Very slightly concave bottom with nipple. Projecting foot set off from wall by scraped groove. Flaring rim with scraped groove on upper surface. Fine, hard, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/6) containing mica and small white inclusions; dull red-to-brownglaze. For a similar shape in other fabrics see 1338, 1620. 150-75? (late Hellenistic context) 1744 (P 5775) Footed saltcellar F 13:3, upper fill (POU) H. 3.8; Diam. 7.1; Diam. of foot 4.2. Small chips of wall missing.

Fig. 103, P1. 137

MISCEIJ.ANEOUS

WHEETMADE GLAZED AND PARTIALLY GLAZED WARES

Thin foot; narrow,rounded resting surface;pointed underside. Small, deep bowl with incurved rim. Fine, reddishyellow fabric (5YR 7/6); dull black glaze with green patches. Context of 150-86 1745 (P 13500) Footed saltcellar Fig. 103, P1. 137 G 5:3, lower fill H. 3.6; Diam. 8.0; Diam. of foot 4.0. Intact. Flaring foot; flat resting surface;pointed underside. Somewhat soft, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/8) with mica, many voids, small red and larger white inclusions; dull red glaze inside and on upper part of outside. Context of 175-150 1746 (P 16258) Lekythos Fig. 104, P1. 137 N 21:4, lower fill H. 19.8; Diam. 14.7. Partsof body and half of rim restored;resting surfaceworn. Flaring ring foot; flat resting surface; nearly flat underside. Ovoid body. Thin neck with slight drip band. Wide cup mouth with slight pinch for spout. Strap handle concave to exterior. Pink fabric (5YR 7/4); dull purplish black glaze, interior unglazed. Similar in shape to 1111, but fabric does not appear to be Attic. Context of 250-215 1747 (P 24802) Lekythos Fig. 104, P1. 137 0 16:3 H. 18.8; Diam. 14.8. Mouth partly restored;chips missing. Flaring ring foot; flat resting surface; nearly flat underside. High, nearly horizontal shoulder. Long, thin neck with two grooves at top. Deep cup mouth with groove below rim and pinched spout. Strap handle concave to outside. Very fine, hard, very pale brown fabric (10YR 7/4) with little mica; shiny black glaze with red patch at point where pot dented in firing, mostly missing, interior unglazed. Context of 200-160 1748 (P 21327) Lekythos Fig. 104, P1. 137 Q 12:1, second POU PH. 18.8; est. Diam. 18.0. Part of upper body and mouth restored;much of lower body and foot missing. Lower wall nearly vertical. Sloping shoulder. Two grooves in neck. Deep cup mouth, angular in profile;flaring rim with small spout. Slightly ridged, arched strap handle. Very soft, extremely micaceous, light red fabric (2.5YR 6/8); dull, gritty, red glaze (2.5YR 5/6), mostly missing, unglazed inside. For profile of mouth see Pagenstecher 1913, p. 32, fig. 37, left, p. 142, fig. 152:i;Adriani 1936, no. 6, p. 137, fig. 58:6. Context of 190-160 1749 (P4700)

Imitation blister-ware aryballos:Corinthian?

Fig. 104, P1. 138

G 12:6 H. 6.9; Diam. 8.2. Handle, parts of rim, and most of bottom missing. Flat bottom, reserved. Domed body with greatest diameter near bottom; slightly angular profile. Vertical and diagonal combed decoration on body. Short, thin neck made in one piece with body; widely flaring rim. Handle from shoulder to lip. Soft, fine, micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (7.5YR 7/6);

421

red glaze inside, brown with red specksoutside, mostly missing, lowest part of wall and resting surface probably unglazed. Closelysimilarfabricand glaze: P 26006 (F 17:3, middlefill). A wheelmade imitation of latest stage of Corinthian blisterware aryballoi, which is characterized by linear decoration VII, iii, p. 147; cf. Broneer 1962, nos. 20, 21, pp. 24(Corinth 25, pl. 12:f). Context of 300-250 1750 (P 3643) Imitation blister-ware Fig. 104, P1. 138 aryballos Area F 14, lot r 72 H. 7.0; Diam. 8.3. Most of rim missing. Slightly convex bottom, reserved. Squat body with greatest diameterjust above foot. Body vertically combed. Low, thin neck;widely flaringrim. Handle oval in section, from shoulder to rim. Micaceous fabric, reddish yellow on bottom (7.5YR 6/6), yellowish red in break (5YR 5/6), with some large white inclusions;red glaze with black patches inside and out. See 1749 for comparanda. Shape as 1131 but of different fabric;cf. also Kabirion III, no. 394, p. 138, pl. 17. Fabricseems to be neither Attic nor Corinthian. 310-275? (late Hellenistic and Roman context) 1751 (P 6280) Aryballos Fig. 104, P1. 138 E 14:1, lower fill P.H. 6.4; Diam. 8.4. Mouth and handle missing. Slightly concave underside. Squat body, thin neck. Strap handle attached at shoulder. Very micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (7.5YR 7/6); gritty, shiny black glaze; finger marks on lower body. Cf. Olynthus V, no. 837, p. 135, pl. 173. Context of 325-200 1752 (P24936) Aryballos Fig. 104, P1. 138 0 16:3 H. 7.3; Diam. 8.2. Rim slightly chipped. Flat bottom, slightlyconcave and unglazed. Squat, rounded body with greatest diameter slightly below mid-height;groove on shoulder. Low,thin neck; shallow cup mouth. Strap handle from shoulder to rim. Soft, very micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (7.5YR 7/6); dull brown-to-tan glaze, much missing. Cf. 1132. Context of 200-160 1753 (P 12033) Aryballos Fig. 104, P1. 138 N 20:6, lower fill H. 8.0; Diam. 8.7. Part of handle, rim, and wall missing. Slightly concave underside. Squat but very rounded body with greatest diameter at about mid-height. Thin, low neck made in one piece with body; shallowcup mouth. Straphandle from shoulderto below rim. Micaceous, light reddishbrownto reddishbrown fabric (5YR 6/3-5/3); shiny brown glaze inside and out. Context of 225-190 1754 (P 17032) Aryballos B 20:2, lower fill H. 8.6; Diam. 8.9. Foot chipped; most of rim restored.

Fig. 104, PI. 138

422

CATALOGUE

Ring foot; slightlybeveled restingsurface;convexunderside. Squat body with greatest diameter below mid-height. Two grooves at base of low, thin neck. Widely flaring mouth. Strap handle concave to outside, from shoulder to below rim. Reddish brown fabric (5YR 6/6); grainy, shiny black glaze, interior unglazed. For similar profile and proportions (but different handle), V no. 806, p. 223, pl. 171. see Olynthus Context of 225-175 Fig. 104, P1. 138 Aryballos: impressed decoration Area I-J 14-15, lot K 292 H. 8.1; Diam. 9.0. One-third of rim and part of body restored,includingcenter of floor. Flat bottom. Profile in two stages divided by concave band bounded by groove above and below. Stamped concentric circles on shoulder. Stamped ovolos on body, below concave band. Thin neck, widely flaring rim. Thin strap handle from shoulder to lip. Micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 7/6); dull brown-to-tan glaze inside and outside. Shape allied to blister-ware aryballoi and their imitations (see 1749). Context of second half of 4th century and early 3rd century, with a few late 3rd-century pieces 1756 (P 28745) Jug with thin neck Fig. 104, PI. 138 J5:1,V H. 12.8; Diam. 6.4. Intact. Raised base with flaring profile; concave underside. Pearshaped body. Long, thin neck. Flaring rim with angular profile, concave to inside. Strap handle from shoulder to halfway up neck. Soft, fine, micaceous, pink fabric (7.5YR 7/4) with a few large, white inclusions; dull black-to-brown glaze to within 2 cm. of foot, interior unglazed. The type is representedat the Agora by two nearly identical pieces (this and the following); an earlier, completely glazed version, with broader foot, comes from lower levels of the 1755 (P 26875)

same well (P 29161,J 5:1, VII). Two more,semiglazedlike ours, come from 4th-centurygravesin the Kerameikos(Knigge 1966, nos. 151:2, 155:2, pp. 88-89, pl. 58, the latterfound with a kantharosdating around 300 [ibid.,no. 155:1]). The shape is thereforeprobablylimited to the second halfofthe 4th century, with semiglazed examples dating in the last quarter. The form of the mouth and the fact thatJ 5:1 contained many lekythoi suggest that the vessel was used for oil, although it resembles the footed olpe in shape (cf. P 26030 [AgoraXII, no. 283, p. 255, pl. 13]). The rarity of the shape, the quality of the glaze, the semiglazing, and the fabric of 1756 suggest these pieces may be imports, though local manufactureis not precluded. Context of 325-300 1757 (P 16126) Jug with thin neck Fig. 104, PI. 138 G 14:2, middle fill, at 14-14.5 m. H. 12.5; Diam. 6.4. A few chips missing. Raised base; deeply concave underside. Pear-shapedbody. Thin neck. Flaring mouth with thickened lip. Strap handle from shoulder to neck. Soft, fine, micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 7/6-7.5YR 7/6) with some large, dark red inclusions; dull brown-to-orange glaze to within ca. 1.5 cm. of foot. 4th-century context

1758 (P 15392) Filterjug Fig. 104, P1. 138 R 21:2, cistern, lower fill H. 11.2; Diam. 12.7. Spout and half of rim missing. Low, broad ring foot; wide resting surface, slightly beveled; flat underside with string marks at center. Very squat body, offset above foot, with groove at lower handle attachment. Ridge at base of neck. Very flaring mouth with molded lip, groove on top. Flat strainer in neck with square holes: five around edges, one in center. Ridged strap handle from shoulder to base of neck. Spout was at about 85 degrees to left of handle. Very pale brown fabric (10YR 8/4) with many voids; dull dark red glaze (ca. 2.5YR 6/3) outside only; finger markson lower body. Context mostly of second half of 2nd century 1759 (P 20502) Type A pyxis Fig. 105, PI. 138 E 14:1, lower fill PH. 2.9; Diam. 8.5. Foot and lower body preserved. Ring foot with three wide areas cut away to make tripod support; rounded resting surface; slightly convex underside. Cylindrical body, slightly concave. Fairly hard, very micaceous, grainy, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/6) with white inclusions; dull ocher glaze with black areas, dull black inside; finger markson lower body. Bases of this type are common on Type A pyxides, most of which date, however, to the 5th century (e.g. Richter and Milne 1935, p. 21, fig. 142; Roberts 1978, p. 211, fig. 10:e)but are also found on 4th-century red-figured pyxides (Schefold 1934, no. 581, p. 59, pl. 17)and cylindricalwooden containers (Rieth 1955, col. 11, figs. 2:c, f, h [ca. 360, from Taman], 7:e [from Kerch]). Context of 325-200 with late Hellenistic disturbance 1760 (P3833) Lid Fig. 105, P1. 138 M 23:1, main chamber PH. 5.3; Diam. 13.6. Knob and chips of rim and wall missing. Angular profile with two ridges at bottom. Offset at base of concave stem, emphatic ridge at top. Micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/6); dull black glaze inside and out, peeling. Angular profilesomewhat similarto Ducati 1922, II, p. 474, fig. 343, lid of an Etruscan kelebe. Context of 100-75 1761 (P 22878) Rim ofbasin? Fig. 105, PI. 138 H-K 12-14 Est. Diam. 34.0; max. p. dim. 10.1. Fragmentof rim. Widely flaring rim with broad groove inside and vertical, overhanging edge with shallow groove at top. Shallow zigzag pattern incised under glaze on inside. Very micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/6) with small red and white inclusions; streaky,metallic brown glaze inside only. Similar:P 31956 (M-N 15:1 [1]). Context of before ca. 180 1762 (P 22184) Rim of large bowl? Fig. 105, PI. 138 Area P 7, lot EA 198 P.H. 4.3; est. Diam. 24.0. Small section of rim and stub of handle. Rim steeply beveled to inside and slightly undercut; two shallowgroovesbelow rim inside and two deep groovesoutside.

MISCELLANEOUS WHEELMADE GLAZED AND PARTIALLYGLAZED WARES Handle round in section, probably horizontal and upwardly canted. Micaceous, reddishyellow fabric(5YR 6/6) with many small white inclusions; shiny reddish brown glaze. Cf. Benton 1938-1939, no. 54, p. 36, fig. 16 (Ithaca). Early Roman context 1763 (P 6352) Rim of covered bowl: Fig. 105, PI. 138 Corinthian? E 14:1, upper fill PH. 3.3; max. p. dim. 5.4. Fragmentof rim with spout. Rim inset from flange and inclined. Tubular spout with flaring mouth projects horizontally. Wall pierced for spout to communicate with inside of vessel. Very pale brown fabric (10YR 7/3) with a little mica; shiny black glaze inside and outside, mostly missing. For a similar shape cf. Corinth VII, iii, nos. 552, 553, pp. 9394, pls. 17, 56. Roman context 1764 (P 26686) Handle of bowl? Fig. 105, P1. 138 Area S 17, lot IA 60 PL. 9.2. Broken away at originaljoin to vessel wall. Hollow cylinder. Distal end capped with flat diskwith small hole in center. Thin groove around cylinder at about half length. Curve of body indicated by profile of proximal end. Probablyhandle of bowl. Very micaceous, pink fabric (7.5YR 7/4) with many small dark inclusions; dull orange glaze, also very micaceous. Similar but without the hole: P 21744 (R 10:1). Context of second half of 1st century B.C. and early 1st century after Christ 1765 (P 1918) Handle P1. 138 AreaJ-K 12 Max. p. dim. 6.2; L. of plate 3.7, W. of plate 4.4. Handle plate, upper part of handle, and part of wall preserved. Vessel probably contracted in to a neck, then flared out to rim. Broad, flaring handle plate with concave sides, a dolphin leaping left in relief on top. Strap handle. Trace of white paint on strap,below plate. Slightly micaceous, reddishyellow fabric (5YR 6/6); metallic brownish black glaze. Cf. Brock and Young 1949, no. 1, p. 67, pl. 22:10, identified there as Pergamene (Siphnos), and, in cooking ware, Pagenstecher 1913, no. 6, p. 154, fig. 167 (brazierlug). Fabricsimilar to that of 1703 and 1766. 1766 (P 25938) Handle P1. 138 Area D-I 17-20 W. 4.9; p.L. 4.0. Handle plate broken away from vessel. Strap handle with broad, flaring handle plate with concave sides. Dolphin leaping left on top. Very micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (ca. 5YR 6/6); shiny glaze, mottled from red to brown. Similar to 1765 but smaller; fabric also similar to that of 1703. 1767 (P 12064) Handle PI. 138 N 20:7, lower fill W. of handle 3.4; H. of applique 3.9. Handle broken away at top at point of attachment; lower part of handle missing.

423

Wide strap handle with triangular spur below and plastic attachmentat arch. Head of Dionysos(?)turned to proper left. Fleshy, beardless face with slightly parted lips. Thick, curly locks. Trace of drapery, possibly with a pin or knot, on left shoulder. Reddish yellow fabric (5YR 7/6) with little mica; grainy,dull brown glaze, mostly missing. Context of 225-165 P1. 138 1768 (P26055) Handle L 17:7 PH. 8.0; W. of handle 2.7. Handle and part of wall, with top surface of rim but not lip preserved. Projecting, horizontal rim. Strap handle with thumb rest: large ivy leaf with blunt end. Curved line and diagonal incised beside handle, possibly end of garland with tie. Red fabric (2.5YR 5/6) with little mica; dull brown-to-red glaze, red inside. Context of 310-220 1769 (P 9699) Medicine bottle Fig. 105, P1. 138 D 5:2, south passage H. 3.1; Diam. 4.2. Half of rim missing; foot chipped. Flat underside, pierced underneath. Irregular, angular profilewith high shoulder. Verticalrim with groove atjunction with body. Micaceous, pink fabric (O1YR 8/4); thin, dull brown glaze on shoulder and inside lip. Formedicine bottles with angularprofilessimilarto this and 1770, many from early-lst-century contexts, see AeXr 29, 1973-74, B' 1 [1979], p. 149, pl. 110:y (Peiraieus); Delos XXVII, D 233, p. 261, pl. 49; Marcade 1953, B 7369, p. 605, fig. 104:a (Delos); Zapheiropoulou and Hatzidakis 1994, pp. 245-246, pls. 196, 201:p (Delos); Technau 1929, p. 47, fig. 36:5 (Samos);TarsusI, no. 93, p. 217, fig. 123; Priene, no. 87, p. 425, fig. 528:3; Hershkovitz 1986, no. 3, p. 48, fig. 2:3, pl. 9:G (Masada);Smith 1992 (Palestine). Late Hellenistic and Roman context 1770 (P 9329) Medicine bottle Fig. 105, PI. 138 M 18:2 PH. 3.9; Diam. 4.2. Rim, foot, and shoulder chipped. Flat bottom with string marks. Angular profile with high shoulder; thick wall. Flaring rim slightly offset from body. Reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/6) with sand and very large amounts of golden mica; red glaze on shoulder and inside lip. Similar:P 31934 (E 14:3). See 1769 for comments. Context of 115-90 1771 (P 16730) Medicine bottle Fig. 105, P1. 138 B 22:4, lower fill H. 2.5; Diam. 3.3. Rim chipped. Flat bottom with string marks. Low and squat, with subangular profile;upper and lower body concave. Very micaceous, reddishyellow fabric (5YR 7/6); thin, orange-tanglaze outside only. From Sullan destruction debris 1772 (P 2137) Medicine bottle J 12:3 H. 2.4; Diam. 2.3. Rim chipped.

Fig. 105, PI. 138

CATALOGUE

424

Raised base, very irregularunderneath, with string marks. Biconical body. Nearly vertical rim. Very fine, hard, micaceous, pink fabric (7.5YR 7/4); unglazed. Context of ca. 350-270 1773 (P 19844) Medicine bottle Fig. 105, PI. 138 Area D 17, lot 00 267 H. 2.2; Diam. 2.0. Intact. Raised base with flaring profile, slightly concave and with string marks underneath. Pear-shaped body, nearly vertical rim. Very hard, fine, light gray fabric (2.5Y 7/2), with very little mica and some white inclusions;unglazed. Cf. Hershkovitz 1986, no. 3b, p. 46, pl. 8:E (Beth Yerah); IX, ii/ii, 0 33, p. 152,pl. 215. Ephesos Late Hellenistic context 1774 (P 31955) Medicine bottle Fig. 105, P1. 139 M-N 15:1 (1) PH. 6.0; Diam. 3.4. Handle and rim missing. Irregularunderside. Thick wall. Strap handle joins at half height. Fairly hard, fine, micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/8); unglazed. Another similar bottle from same deposit (in lot EA 137). Context of before ca. 150 1775 (SS 14801) Medicine bottle Fig. 105, P1. 139 Area T 13, lot PP 204 H. 5.4; Diam. 3.1. Handle and half of neck and mouth missing. Flat base with string marks. Irregular,barrel-shapedbody with slightlyangularshoulder. Short, thickneck; plain, slightly outturned rim. Originally a strap(?)handle from rim to belly. On lower body, stamped within lozenge: Ntx?ta Xuxtog it

(&)yyCat

Fine, sandy,micaceous, reddishyellow fabric (7.5YR 7/6); dull red glaze on neck and inside mouth. The shape of this and the two following bottles is paralleled by threebottles from Egypt stampedAtovuoa(ou), Atovuatou, and Atovuatou X6x[tov], respectively (Rowe 1942, no. 16, p. 59, pl. XVIII, and p. 62, said to be from a 3rd-century context; Perdrizet 1921, no. 352, p. 128, pl. CXXVI); a bottle in Beirut stamped Arnlaq; X6xtog (Calvet 1982); and a bottle from Mirmeki stamped ]cjayou Xtrxlovx' &yyUr(L) (Prouglo 1966, pp. 192-202, figs. 1, 2). Although the epsilon is lacking in the Agora stamp, its last line may tentatively be read as suggested above on analogy with the latter. The inscription seems to confirm that the reason for the stamp was to guarantee the contents. The name NtxtacSoccurs also on medicine bottles of other shapes (IG XIV 2406:4b; Calvet 1982, p. 282; EphesosIX, ii/ii, O 27, pp. 149, 152, pl. 214) and, according to Virginia Grace, on bottles in the Benaki collection and from the island of Rhodes (Benaki M 3; MS 555-557, 564) naming Ntxica Tro0U eubo6ou. The variant Netxai. X6xtov is also recorded (IGXIV 2406:4a). Intriguing,

but of uncertain relevance, is the fact that Ntxagc is also the name of a doctor the poet Theokritos knew on Kos in the 3rd century (Idyll 11.2, 5, Idyll 28). Bottles of a somewhat similar shape but with a pointed bottom instead of a flat resting surface have been found at Priene, stamped with the names Isodoros, Proteos, and Charidem[, though without the word Xtxtov (,Piee, pp. 425-426, nos. 93-96, fig. 543); other pots name Krates, Thrasys, Aristeos, Straton, and Kosmos (Calvet 1982, p. 282) but omit the name of the drug. Other purveyorsofXrxtov known from stamps on terracotta,lead, or copper bottles are Mousaios, Herakleios, Iason, Artemidoros, Klean(thes?),Akestias, Lykias, Simakon, and Alypou (the last perhaps the name of a pharmacist but also the name of a drug) (see IG XIV 2406:1, 2; H. A. Thompson 1948, p. 191; Guarducci 1952; Sjoqvist 1960, p. 82, fig. 15, pl. 20; Prouglo 1966, p. 13, fig. 2; Hershkovitz 1986, no. 1, pp. 47, 50; Smith 1992, p. 166, note 38; Panayotou and Chrysostomou 1993, no. 12, pp. 381-382, figs. 17, 18). For a good discussion of the medicine lykion,its uses, and the containers, see Sj6qvist 1960, pp. 78-83. Context of late 1st century B.C. and 1st century after Christ 1776 (SS 7993) Medicine bottle Fig. 105, P1. 139 Sj6vist 1960, p. 82. N 20:2 PH. 4.8. About half of belly, trace of shoulder. Barrel-shaped body with angular shoulder. Well below shoulder,stamped within oval field: 'EplAacpiXo; wreath Mo
Ix' ?[YY?]J(L) Pink fabric (7.5YR 7/4) with a little mica; no glaze preserved. Context of late 1st century after Christ 1777 (SS 7038) Medicine bottle Fig. 105, P1. 139 Area E 5, lot AA 17 H. 5.8; Diam. 3.5. Handle and chips of rim and wall missing. Flat underside with string marks. Sloping shoulder. Short, broad neck and plain, slightly outturned rim. Handle originally ran from rim to belly. On lower body,just above base, stamped ligature of the letters HA. Fine, sandy, micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 7/6); dull red glaze on neck and inside of mouth. Foranother bottle with a monogram see Esprandieu 1894, p. 56, note 1. Context mainly of first half of 2nd century 1778 (P 19450) Inkwell Fig. 105, P1. 139 Area A-D 16-23 P.H. 2.4; Diam. 6.8. Sides and base missing. Recessed top with groove around edge. Tube descends from central hole. Micaceous fabric with light red core (2.5YR 6/6) and very pale brown surface (10YR 8/3), white inclusions; traces of red to brown glaze on outside.

425

MOLDMADE VESSELS OTHER WARES 1779 (P 16219) Cup or small bowl: Fig. 105, P1. 139 banded N 21:4, lower fill P.H. 1.8; Diam. of foot 3.6. Foot, floor, and part of lower wall. Delicate, flaring ring foot; slightly beveled resting surface; nippled underside. At center of floor, two concentric redglazed circleswith white circle between them. Hard, fine, very micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/6); unglazed. Context of 250-215 1780 (P 9680) Lid: banded Fig. 105, PI. 139 N 19:1, middle fill H. 3.5; Diam. 6.4. About one-fourth of rim missing. Small lid with irregular,sloping wall, nearlyflat underneath. Solid, biconical knob with shallow groove at base. Alternating bands of shiny brown glaze and white paint on top and on knob. Very micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/6) with a few voids and large white inclusions. Context of 115 to end of 1st century 1781 (P 31864 a, b) Banded fragments P1. 139 M21:1 Est. Diam. 8.5; P.H. (a) 2.9; max. p. dim. (b) 4.9. Two nonjoining fragments, one (a) with part of rim. Fragment a flares out to a molded rim with offset below on outside. Fragment b has nearly vertical wall, slightly convex below, slightly flaring above. Inner and outer surfaces decorated with alternating white and brown glaze bands. Fairly hard, micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 7/6) with very small black and red inclusions and voids. Context of 250-175 1782 (P 14425 a, b) Cup or bowl: Fig. 105, PI. 139 thin walled M 20:1, middle fill Est. Diam. 10.0; P.H. (a) 3.2, (b) 2.9. Two nonjoining sections preserving over half of rim, part of upper wall, and one handle attachment.

High shoulder;concave rim. Horizontal straphandle (probably only one). Hard, thin, fine reddish brown fabric (5YR 5/3); thin, brown glaze inside, with spots on exterior of rim. Context of 115-86 1783 (P 20213)

Bowl with polychrome decoration

Fig. 105, P1. 139

P-R 6-12 P.H. 3.6; Diam. of foot 11.0. Two-thirdsoffoot and floor and partof lowerwall preserved. Ring foot with faceted face; partly beveled resting surface; convex underside. Fairlysteep wall. On floor,medallionwithin broad, brown band bordered by narrow, darker brown lines. Pointed lotus petals in brown alternatewith red wavy lines and fronds. Hard, fine, pale yellow fabric (5Y 7/3) with some large black and red inclusions and quartz, little mica. Context of before ca. 150 1784 (P 9815) Italian thin-walled ware Fig. 105, PI. 139 beaker M 18:1, construction fill H. 11.0; Diam. 6.8. Part of rim, wall, and floor restored. Underside slightly convex. Deep body, concave at bottom and widening to convex upper body, contracted below rim. Flaring rim with ridge below. Two horizontal rows of dots below rim. Below them, three rows of festoons of dots. Very thin, gritty fabric, red to dark reddish gray (2.5YR 6/5-5YR 4/2), with many red, white, and black inclusions. The only nearly complete example from the Agora. Other fragments, all of the same shape and decoration: P 4094 (H. A. Thompson 1934, D 79, p. 392, fig. 78 [H 16:4]), P 11857 (Agora V, F 24, p. 13, pl. 1, with slightly more elaborate decoration[N 19:1, upperfill]), P31136 (Rotroff1983, no. 106, p. 297, pl. 61 [E 6:2, upper fill]), P 3836 (M 23:1, main chamber),P 14476 (M 20:1, lower fill), P 4287, P 4216, P 6592. Fabricvaries; mostly very fine, with reddish brown surface (ca. 5YR 5/4) and gray core but sometimes reddish brown or gray throughout. Forthe type see Moevs 1973, FormIA, nos. 1-11 , pp. 50-52, pls. 1, 2, 55. Context of 100-75

MOLDMADE VESSELS 1785 (P 19906) Cup or bowl Fig. 105, P1. 139 Area D 17, lot 00 695 Max. p. dim. 4.2. Wall fragment, broken all around. Lower body curves in to foot, which is now broken away. Upper body nearly vertical, slightly convex, and decorated in relief: front half of bovine walking left, traces of another motif to left. Very micaceous, pink fabric (5YR 7/4); metallic brown glaze. Possibly an imitation of western sigillata. Profile similar to Dragendorff Form 29, but the foot appears to have been broader. Oxen walkingleft figure among the motifson western terra sigillata: Dragendorff and Watzinger 1948, no. 161, p. 190, pl. 15; Oswald 1936-1937, nos. 1881, 1882, 1886, p. 122, pl. LXXVI. Late Hellenistic and early Roman context

1786 (P 11268) Cup or jug Fig. 105, PI. 139 B 14:3 P.H. 2.7; est. Diam. 11.5; max. p. dim. 6.2. Fragmentof upper body. Groove at base of narrow,wheelmade shoulder. Moldmade body: lotus corolla, with tips of two pointed lotus petals preserved, one with jeweled central vein; small, imbricate lotus petals between them. Micaceous, reddishyellow fabric(7.5YR 6/6) with white inclusions;shiny brown-to-blackglaze outside, red inside. The lack of a rim pattern suggests the piece is not Attic, though two similar pieces have also been found at the Agora (1787 and P 20450). Possiblyof the same shape:DelosXXXI, no. 3502, p. 461, pls. 106, 134. Context of 1st century after Christ

426

CATALOGUE

1787 (P 20350) Cup orjug Fig. 105, PI. 139 Area D 17, lot 00 492, with 615 and 1791 P.H. 2.9; est. Diam. 10.5. Fragmentof shoulder and lower rim. Low, rounded shoulder. Rim convex to outside, with groove at base. Moldmade body: tops of small imbricate petals or leaves visible. Rim pattern: jeweling between ridges. Dull brown glaze. Wall decoration probably as 1786, clearly an import, from the same area; also similar: P 20450, also from D 17. For the shape of the rim cf. Italian moldmade cups of the workshop of Sarius, from North Italy, dating in the first quarter of the 1st century after Christ (Dallemulle 1975, nos. 2-5, 7, pp. 279-282, figs. 6-8, pls. LV-VLII). Cf. also 1698 and 1699, wheelmade imports of the first half of the 1st century. Context of first half of 1st century 1788 (P 10883) Small jug? Fig. 105, P1. 139 D 11:4, lower fill P.H. 5.6; Diam. 8.1. Two-thirds of lower body preserved. Lower body probably moldmade. Slightly recessed underside surrounded by low ridge. On body, convex long petals, with groove at base, ridge and row of beading at top. Wheelmade shoulder:stamped circles between broad grooves, above stamped ovolo. Applique leaf at lower handle attachment; possibly a double handle. Micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/6), possibly Attic; shiny black glaze inside and outside. Somewhat similar stamping is found on a black-glazed feeder from Rhodes (CIRhIV, 1931, no. 3, p. 385, fig. 435). Context of 200 to late 1st century 1789 (P 18497) Filterjug Fig. 105, P1. 140 Area C 18 H. 13.5; Diam. 12.7. Most of rim and end of spout restored. Ring foot with deep groove in outer face; rounded resting surface; slightly convex underside. Wheelmade lower body meets moldmade upper body at angle. Funnel-shaped mouth with slightly flaring rim, groove below lip inside. Strainer with three holes in neck. Strap handle. Tubular spout at ca. 90 degrees left of handle; body dented when spout attached. Moldmade body: rim pattern of largejeweling between ridges, wall coveredwith imbricatesmalllotus petals with tips oriented upwards. Details unclear (worn mold or poor impression). Micaceous fabric varying from pink to very pale brown (7.5YR 7/4-10YR 7/4); gray glaze, almost all missing. Similar fabric: P 4200. Late Hellenistic to early Roman context (no lot) 1790 (P6057) Filterjug Fig. 105, P1. 140 Area K 11 Est. Diam. 17.0; max. p. dim. 5.1. Wall fragment. Wheelmade lower body joins moldmade upper body at an angle. Lower body nearly horizontal. Moldmade body: egg and dart below imbricate lotus petals with tips oriented towards top. Edges of large petals at left and right. Hard, micaceous fabric, pink outside (7.5YR 7/4), reddish yellow inside (5YR 7/6), with white inclusions;ocher and gray glaze, mostly missing. Roman context (no lot) 1791 (P 20003 a, b) Filterjug Fig. 105, P1. 140 Area D 17, lot 00 492, with 615 and 1787

P.H. (a) 5.5, (b) 2.5. Two nonjoining wall fragments. Moldmade body broken at point where itjoined wheelmade section. Ridge at bottom, with large jeweling and long petals above it. Very soft, micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 7/6) with voids and red inclusions;dull red glaze outside only, mostly missing. Context of first half of 1st century 1792 (P 20489) Filterjug Fig. 105, PI. 140 E 14:3 Max. p. dim. 5.6. Fragmentof upper shoulder. Moldmade body with long-petal decoration. Traces of two strainer holes preserved. Micaceous, reddish yellow fabric (5YR 6/6) with small white inclusions; metallic red glaze outside only. Context of ca. 115-50 1793 (P 22975) Plastic vase: satyr PI. 140 reclining on a wineskin H-K 12-14 P.H. 4.0; p.L. 9.9. Broken all around;part of resting surface preserved. Flat bottom; thin walls. Chubby figure reclines to viewer's right. He lies on a mattress strewn with drapery that falls in sagging folds along the couch and in vertical folds under his foot, at left. Folds are molded but have been accentuated by gouges after removal from mold. Upper body of figure rests on a wineskin; a round element resembling a mouth appears just to the left of his left hand, which restsupon it. His left leg is bent toward the viewer at the knee (the knee itself is broken away). Two lines at mid-calf suggest he wears a boot. His large belly sags down towardsthe couch. His flaccid penis lies on his left thigh; his scrotum hangs between his legs. Small bumps above the genitals may indicate curly public hair. Very fine and hard fabric, with little mica, reddish brown inside (5YR 5/3-5/4), reddishyellow in breakson outer surface(5YR 6/6); shiny,gritty,black glaze all over exterior,interior unglazed. Cf. Bothmer 1961, no. 262, p. 66, pl. 98 (fromNorth Italy); Belin de Ballu 1972, p. 114, pl. LXVI:2 (Olbia); Hausmann 1962, pp. 280-281, pls. 78:2, 79:1, 2. Context of before ca. 180 1794 (L5004) Plastic vase: foot askos P1. 140 H-K 12-14 P.H. 5.0; W. at top 3.4. Top and part of instep preserved. Concave strainer pierced with six holes in top. Edge of top surrounded by fine groove. Trace of handle on right ankle, seemingly not a ring handle. Sandal has three-pronged tongue (lingula)over the instep. At the side are six or seven thongs, partly overlapping,all running down towards the sole except the uppermost, which runsback towardsthe heel. Light reddish brown fabric, close to Attic (5YR 6/4); dull red glaze on outside, mostly missing; thinner brownish glaze inside. Cf. Morrow 1985, pp. 118-120, pls. 106, 107. According to Morrow, the lingulafirst appears in Italy in the 4th and 3rd centuries; no certain Greek sandal with this feature dates before the middle of the 2nd century,later than the context of this piece. Perhaps,then, the Agora piece is an Italian import, although the fabric and glaze are not unusual. For a probably Attic example see 1160. 225-175

FAIENCE

427

NEAR EASTERN GREEN-GLAZED WARE PI. 140 1795 (P 8591 a, b) Plate or bowl Rotroff 1983, no. 100, p. 296, pl. 61. E 6:1, lower fill (a), E 6:2, lower fill (b) Max. p. dim. (a) 3.6, (b) 4.5. Fragmentof foot and lower wall (a);fragment of floor (b). Low ring foot with angular profile; narrow resting surface. Parts of kiln supports embedded in floor and underside of fragment a. Very pale brown, porous fabric (ca. 10YR 8/3) with small, darkred inclusions;moss green vitreous glaze with crazing. Same ware as 1796. Analysis indicates glaze is calciumsodium silicate. ForMesopotamian glazed ware see Debevoise 1934; Dura IV i, i; and IkarosII, i, pp. 13-44. For the ring foot see Debevoise 1934, nos. 192, 194, 206, 207, pp. 80-83; AntiochIV, i, p. 80, pl. XIV:1027aJ. For kiln supports, typical of this ware, see ibid.,p. 80, fig. 42:1, 2 and Debevoise 1934, p. 14, pl. V, fig. 1. Context of 175-125 PI. 140 1796 (P 4294) Plate or bowl Area F 14, lot r 150 Max. p. dim. 5.0. Part of foot and floor. Low, thick foot, concave to outside; rounded restingsurface. Kiln support embedded in floor, with trace of another on underside. Hard, very pale brown fabric (10YR 8/4) with a few voids and abundant fine sand; moss green vitreous glaze with crazing. Same ware as 1795. 2nd-century to early Roman context 1797 (P 13487) Plate Fig. 105, P1. 140 U 22:1 Est. Diam. 30.0; max. p. dim. 7.2. Fragmentof rim. Large plate with rolled rim. Beginning of lug or handle at left edge of fragment. Hard, light gray fabric (5Y 7/1)

containing abundant fine sand and a few larger black and red inclusions;hard, shiny,dark blue glaze, ca. 0.1 cm. thick, with grainy appearance. Under a hand lens it appears as a dark blue backgroundwith fine, angular,light blue and white spots. This and the two followingpieces differfrom 1795 and 1796 in the quality and color of the glaze and in the fabric, which is less fine, harder, and grayish white rather than yellow. They were originallyinventoriedas faience (see Lucas 1962, pp. 156157 for the many varietiesof that material),but the fabricis less uniform than is usual for faience. The description of Glazed Ware A, imported to Antioch in the 2nd and lst centuries (AntiochIV, i, p. 80), fits these pieces; for the shape cf. ibid., pl. XIV:01Ok. Late Roman context 1798 (P23395) Plate Fig. 105, PI. 140 Area N 6, lot T 228 Est. Diam. 17.0; max. p. dim. 6.1. Fragmentof rim. Plate with slightly rolled rim. Hard fabric, lighter than 10YR 8/3, with abundant sand and small dark inclusions; vitreous, medium to dark blue glaze, ca. 0.25 cm. thick but thicker in grooves, with a grainy appearance, flaking away in places. Context of ca. 270-220 1799 (P 12205) Plate Fig. 105, P1. 140 H 12:1 P.H. 4.3; est. Diam. 36.0; max. p. dim. 11.4. Part of rim and floor. Plate with rolled rim. Porous, white fabric (O1YR 8/2) with abundant fine sand. Dull, light blue glaze with darker fleckshas porous surface, also apparentlycontains much sand. A darker band on the floor is probably the result of double dipping. Glaze is thicker in groove between rim and floor. For shape cf. AntiochIV, i, p. 80, pl. XIV:101Oa. Context of 150-100

ENCE 1800 (P 1524) Plate Fig. 105, P1. 140 H-K 12-14 PH. 1.7; est. Diam. of foot 11.0. About half of foot and small part of floor preserved, along with many small fragments. Low ring foot; grooved resting surface. White fabric (10YR 8/2) with pale yellow surface (ca.2.5Y 8/4), dull and powdery. Another of similar fabric: P 22269, from Roman context (K 9-10:1). Context of before ca. 180 1801 (P 6656) Plate Fig. 105, P1. 140 Area 0 9, lot 1n 70 PH. 3.0; Diam. of foot 10.1; max. p. dim. 17.0. Most of foot and part of wall preserved;badly shatteredand flaking. Low ring foot; broad, flat resting surface; flat underside. Sloping wall of fairly deep plate. Very porous, white core (2.5Y 8/2); dull aquamarine surface, flaking badly.

Of similarshape:P 22269, fromRoman context (K 9-10:1). Cf. TarsusI, no. 185, p. 225, figs. 132, 182. Context of late 2nd century after Christ 1802 (P 22813) Moldmade bowl P1. 140 H-K 12-14 PH. 5.2. Wall fragment. Moldmade body. Parts of two petals or leaves, diagonally ridged, with heavy, dark central ribs. Very pale brown fabric (10YR 8/3); shiny, pale aquamarine exterior surface, dull brown on ribs; interior surface white. Cf. Pagenstecher 1913, p. 124, fig. 131:f, seemingly with the same coloration. Others with the same pattern but without the brown accenting of the ribs are TarsusI, no. 183, p. 225, fig. 132 (with additional references) and fig. 170:A; Langlotz 1932, no. 929, p. 164, pl. 252 (from Crete); Bissing 1902, no. 18019, p. 100. Context of before ca. 180

PDART V

DEPOSIT SUMM1ARIES

DEPOSIT SUMMARIES TrHE AGORA DEPOSITS provide the bulk of the evidence for the chronology of Attic Hellenistic pottery as presented in this volume. It is most often coins and the stamped handles of transport amphoras that furnish the evidence for the dating of contexts, and this evidence is summarized for each deposit below. All amphoras and amphora stamps were identified by Virginia Grace and her colleagues, who have supplied information about their chronology as well as bibliographical references. Coins were identified by various Agora numismatists, most recently byJohn Kroll, Fred Kleiner, and Alan Walker;John Kroll has checked most of the older identifications. For detailed information about the coins, see AgoraXXVI. The following list of deposits complements and augments that published in AgoraXXII (pp. 96-106). In AgoraXXII, I was forced to rely primarily on the dates of coins and amphora stamps. I have now, however, been able to refine the dates by reference to the pottery itself, which often presents a wider range of date than that attestedby the more finely datable material; thereforethe dates given here have often been adjustedfrom those in AgoraXXII. There is a certain degree of circularity in the dating process; deposits are used to date pots, which are then used to refine the dates of deposits. Two examples, however,may illustrateand defend the procedure. The latest datable object in Thompson's Group C is a coin of about 200; but the moldmade bowls, which are closely similarto bowls from depositswith amphora handles of the second quarterof the 2nd century,indicate a much later date of deposit. Fusiformunguentaria,which at firstsight offer little promise for dating, have produced similar refinements. There are many deposits in which the latest amphora handles date within the first quarter of the 2nd century. Since an amphora handle gives only a terminus post quemfor deposit, not a date of deposit, deposits with the same latest amphora handle are likely to have been deposited in different years. Investigation of the unguentaria in these deposits has revealed that some deposits have only unguentariawith hollow feet (e.g. N 18:3, N 20:6), while others contain unguentariawith solid feet as well (e.g. M 18:10, N 20:7). Deposits that, again on the basis of amphora handles and coins, were probably laid down within the 3rd century contain only unguentariawith hollow feet. One may therefore use the unguentaria to distinguish between slightly earlier and slightly later deposits within the first quarter of the 2nd century. I have taken all the inventoriedpottery into considerationin assigningthese dates. Because of the bulk of the material, it was not practicalin every case to investigateall the uninventoriedpieces stored in tins and boxes in the basement of the Stoa of Attalos (the "contextpottery"). A selection therefore had to be made. With the exception of the pyres, from which often little or no context pottery has been stored, I examined the context pottery of all deposits that contained more than three or four pieces mentioned in this book. In addition, I examined context pottery from deposits without other dating material, as well as deposits for which the evidence of datable material and excavation recordsis ambiguous. This has resultedin a much more accurate estimate of the range covered by the material in the deposits and has proven particularlyhelpful for determining the earlier limits of the groups. For deposits in which the bulk of the material is earlier or later than the Hellenistic period, I have relied on the assessments of experts in those areas, as recorded in publications and in the Agora archives.

432

DEPOSITSUMMARIES

The entriesare arrangedalphabeticallyaccordingto the officialname of the deposit: normally a letter and a number referringto its location within the excavation grid. Forfills covering a large area, no furtherdesignation is included;for example, H-K 12-14 is the building fill of the Middle Stoa, Q 8-9 is the fill over the floor of the Square Peristyle. For smaller deposits, however, an additional number, following a colon, distinguishes the deposit from others in the same grid square:for example, E 29:1, E 29:2, E 29:4. For the locations see the Plan preceding the Figures in Volume 2. Some deposits are discussed out of sequence because of their close relationship with other deposits, but a cross-referenceappears in alphabeticalsequence. Each entry is introduced by a short table, with the identifying letters and numbers of the context in the first column. The mark (+) indicates that the context pottery has been examined. Such designations as "well"and "cistern"in the second column are mostly self-explanatory,and if a deposit has been given a "nickname"in print (e.g. Hedgehog Well), that also appears here. Forthe sake of greater descriptiveaccuracy,I have distinguishedbetween cisterns (generallyflaskshaped chambers widening out considerably at the bottom) and drawshafts(nearly cylindrical chambers providing access to the system but with more limited storage space). "Buildingfill" refersto the material used to raise the ground level in the course of building operations;this may be fill within the foundations or in the footing trenches of a structureor fill used to level the area outside the foundations. "Fill"by itself refersto more amorphous deposits, not contained within a pit but covering a considerable area. "Strosis"or "stroseis"refers to well-definedlayers that have been excavated stratigraphically."Deposit"refersto a sr-ail concentration of material. A "drain" refers to a built or terracotta drain, its lining still intact; a "drain channel" is a channel for a drain that has been robbed out. Wellsand cisterns often contain a series of deposits or fills of differentdates. The third column of the table gives the particular deposit or deposits within a cistern, well, or the like that are of importance for the material in this book. Other fills are mentioned briefly in the text. The fourth column of the table gives the approximate dates of the bulk of the material. (All dates are B.C. unless otherwise noted.) There are almost always some earlier pieces, but they are not mentioned unless the amount is unusual. Substantial later disturbance is mentioned in column four; lesser disturbance,amounting to one or two sherds, is referredto in the text. The text of each summary describes briefly the physical situation in which the deposit was found, gives its relationshipto other deposits, if any,and summarizesthe stratigraphy.Depths are given for wells to convey an impression of the size of the deposit. It has not generally seemed worthwhile, however, to give measurements for cisterns and drawshafts, which vary widely in shape and dimensions; for additional data on these structures,see Camp 1977. Relevant datable material, primarily coins and stamped amphoras handles, is listed with inventory numbers, comparanda, and bibliography. In general I have concentrated on the evidence for the latest material, but for early Roman deposits in which Hellenistic material is residual,it has also seemed valuable to include information on other datable residual material. For Attic coins the normal Munich 1923-1926; reference is also d'Athenes, point of reference isJ. N. Svoronos, Lesmonnaies to the number in if the coin has been published there, and, for given catalogue AgoraXXVI, unpublished coins, to the AgoraXXVI variety number if possible. Square bracketsaround variety numbers mean that the coin is not well enough preserved for assignment to a specific variety. Knidian amphora handles are identified by Knidian Type (KT) number as well as by inventory number;referencesto publicationof the handles, or comparablehandles, are given where possible. For the most recent list of Knidian eponyms and duoviri,see Grace 1985, pp. 33-35. Details of the ceramic assemblage, including lamps, are mentioned if they are of use for dating or for

DEPOSIT SUMMARIES

433

understandingthe relationshipof the deposit to other deposits. Lamps are identified by Howland Types (see AgoraIV). The main focus of the summaries is chronological, but other details about the nature of the material are sometimes noted. Fills characterizedby the presence of multiple vessels appropriate for the drawing of water and by complete pots whose fall was broken by water standing in the well or cistern have been identified as period-of-use (POU) fillings. Fills with multiple vases with the same stamps or decorative style may be identified as workshop dumps. A thoroughgoing analysis of the deposits with the aim of reconstructing the specific human activities evidenced by their contents would produce a fascinatingstudy,but this, unfortunately,lies beyond the scope of this book. Another relationshipthat remains unexplored is that between the water sources and the structuresthey originallyserved. Very commonly the surfacehas been so badly disturbedthat no trace of such structureshas been preserved, and so this investigation has been left aside in this study.

DEPOSIT SUMMARIES A 8-9:1 (+) Fill 325-300 Loose filling encountered in rescue excavation to examine wall found during construction of public toilet in Theseion Park,outside Agora area. 861. AgoraXII, p. 385 (there called A 10:1). A 14:1

Well

A 14:2

Cistern

Fill I [POU?] 150-1st century Fill II [POU?] 1st centuries before and after Christ 22.80 m. deep, with six fills, the lower two possibly accumulative use fills. Fills III-V Roman, fill VI mixed with Byzantine. Fill I. In lowest 0.55 m. of well. Four coins of the second half of the 2nd century (II6-776c, IIE-777, IIE-781, Ie-782: AgoraXXVI, varieties 91, 87, [88, 89]; cf. Svoronos, pls. 81:22-24, 106:1, 22:53-55); two Fulminating Zeus coins, one possibly of 87/86 B.C. (AgoraXXVI, variety 97), but the identification is uncertain (IIO-776a, b; cf. Svoronos, pl. 81:17-52). 450; comparandum to 563. Fill II. 0.95 m. of fill. Some Hellenistic material, especially in lowest basket, along with Roman as late as second half of 1st century after Christ. 1513; comparandum to 1564. AgoraV, p. 124; X, p. 136. Lower Fill Middle Fill

1st century 1st to mid-3rd century after Christ

Three fills, the upper one post-Herulian. LowerFill. One pre-Sullan Knidian amphora handle, naming duoviriof term of Hermon (SS 7524 [KT 1531], cf. DelosXXVII, E 187-E 189, p. 351); post-Sullancoin (11H-809:AgoraXXVI, variety 119; cf. Svoronos, pl. 79:18-21) and lamp (L 3024, Type 44 A [AgoraIV, no. 572, p. 140, pl. 28]). Middle Fill. Roman, with some residual material including four coins of second half of 1st century B.C. XXVI, no. 151c]:AgoraXXVI, varieties 149, 152,137, 151; cf. Svoronos, (JI1-789, IIe-794, II-795, II0-796 [Agora pl. 80:25-34, 37-43). 954. AgoraVI, p. 98; VII, p. 224; X, p. 136; XXVI, p. 301.

DEPOSIT SUMMARIES

434

Pit 310-250 Pit excavated to depth of 4.20 m. Latest of four coins are IIII-999 and thI-1001 (AgoraXXVI, varieties [44-47]; cf. Svoronos, pi. 24:42-57), dating within the range ca. 322/317-307, and slightlyworn coin of Demetrios Poliorketes (IIn-1002 [AgoraXXVI, no. 504f]; cf. Newell 1927, p. 25, no. 20). Thasian stamped amphora handle naming Aristophanes dates before 300 (SS 14096, cf. ttThas IV, no. 406, p. 144); coarse-ware lagynos (P 25693) finds parallels at Koroni. One bowl fragmentprobably bearing same palmette stamp as 898 and P 6261, the latter dating at least as late as ca. 250, and early moldmade lamp (L 5275, Type 42 B) suggest a deposit date around mid-century. One small fragment of long-petal bowl is intrusive. Much of pottery has been burned. 15,93, 278, 704, 714, 1086; comparanda to 193, 658. AgoraXII, p. 383; AgoraXXVI, p. 301; Rotroff 1983, p. 262. A 17:3 (+)

A 18:1 (+) Cistern Lower Fill 275-200, with a few late Hellenistic pieces Hellenistic fill in lowest 0.50 m., separated from early Roman upper fill by thin layer of sterile dug bedrock. Two coins of last quarterof 3rd century (NN- 1650, NN- 1651:AgoraXXVI, varieties [72-74] and 69; cf. Svoronos, pls. 104:8-19, 24:10-17). Most of amphora handles and lamps also date in 3rd century. Later intrusions include one Knidian amphora handle of the period 146-108 (SS 9916 [KT 1278]), naming the eponym Philombrotidas, a twin with one in the upper fill (P 9910) and probably an intrusion from it. Imported moldmade bowl P 20050 (AgoraXXII, no. 375, p. 88, pl. 66) also dates in second half of 2nd century. 290, 412, 437, 882, 1020, 1097; comparandumto 696. AgoraIV, p. 234; XXII, p. 96; XXV, p. 163. A 18:9

Pyre

400-325

Disturbed pyre containing only a cooking-warelopadion and a saucer. Comparandum to 1483. A 18-19:1

Fill

500-450 fill with of concentration ostraka. 536 is intrusive, possibly from 4th-century fill that lay above Dumped high ostrakon deposit. 536. AgoraIV, p. 234; XII, p. 383; XXI, p. 96; XXIII, p. 329; XXV, pp. 20-22, 163; XXX, p. 359; H. A. Thompson 1948, pp. 193-194 and plan on p. 164, fig. 6; H. A. Thompson 1950, p. 337; Young 1951a, p. 253.

A 20:3

Pyre Comparandum to 1455. AgoraIV, p. 234; XII, p. 383; Young 1951b, pp. 115-116, pls. 49:a, 50:b (Pyre 2).

350-340

A-B 19-20:1 Fill in Great Drain 4th century-86 Material ranges from 4th to 2nd century, most of it before end of century. All coins date before ca. 120, but a few objects, including some stamped amphora handles, date as late as 86. Forother fillsin Great Drain see D-E 15:1, H 12:1. 385, 501, 1160, 1318, 1386, 1636; comparandum to 587. AgoraX, p. 67; XII, p. 384; XXI, p. 96; XXX, p. 359; Young 1951a, pp. 262-263; F. S. Kleiner 1976, pp. 15-19; Rotroff 1987a, pp. 188-189. A-B 19-20:2

Fill

4th century-lst century after Christ Layer I Several differentfills of various dates located along Great Drain. LayerI (lotEE 12)rangesfrom 4th century to late Hellenistic, with a few early Roman pieces. PossiblySullan debris used as fill in early 1st century after Christ. Joined pair of amphora handles in the term of the eponym Menekrates dates in second half of 2nd century (SS 9738 [KT 366, III and KT 1434, IV]; for KT 366 see Dilos XXVII, p. 327, under E 66). 1186, 1387. AgoraXII, p. 384; XXIII, p. 329; XXX, p. 359.

DEPOSIT SUMMARIES B 12:1

Well

Lower Fill [POU]

Middle Fill

435 50 B.C.-A.D. 50

50 B.c.-3rd century after Christ

23.25 m. deep, with three fills, the upper two Roman. LowerFill. Use fill in lowest 1.00 m., of latest Hellenistic and early Roman date, with fragments of Mottled Oliver lids. MiddleFill. Filled 8.70 m. of shaft. Possibly redumped use fill, mixed late Hellenistic through 3rd century after Christ. Hellenistic and Roman coins. 1300. AgoraIV, p. 234; V, p. 124; Shear 1937, pp. 351-352; Lang 1955, nos. 9, 12, 18, 24, pp. 283-285, pl. 80. B 12:2 (+) B 13:1 (+) B 13:3 (+)

Drawshaft Cistern Drawshaft

Lower Fill

275-200 300-200 260-200

System with one chamber and two drawshafts. B 12:2 and B 13:1 communicate through an opening; B 13:1 connected to B 13:3 by a tunnel. Single fills in B 12:2 and B 13:3; early Roman upper fill in B 13:1. B 12:2. Latest datable object a coin of last quarterof 3rd century (IIO-689: AgoraXXVI, variety 69; cf. Svoronos, pl. 24:10-17). Relationship to B 13:1 suggests material goes down to end of century. Comparandum to 198. B 13:1. Latestamphora handle (SS 6523) names the Rhodian fabricantDamokrates,who workedin late 3rdcentury and first decade of 2nd century (Grace 1985, pp. 8-10). 1317; comparandum to 991. AgoraV, p. 124; XII, p. 384; XXI, p. 96. B 13:3. Rhodian amphora handle of the term of the eponym Dorkulidas,ca. 210 (SS 6428; for the date see Grace 1985, p. 40). 190. B 12:5 Well 380-350, with a few later pieces 18.87 m. deep. Contents dug as single fill, but there is mention of Hellenistic pottery in mouth, and coins from and HII-524: AgoraXXVI, varieties 46 and [52-54, upper 2.50 m. date in later 4th and early 3rd century (IIHE-515 57-60]; cf. Svoronos, pls. 24:51-57, 22:64-79). It is uncertain whether all the later pieces came from this part of the well. 60. AgoraIV, p. 234; XII, p. 384; XXI, p. 96; XXX, p. 359; Corbett 1955, pp. 179-180, under no. 7. B 13:1

See B 12:2

B 13:3

See B 12:2

B 13:7 (+)

Well

Bottom Fill 2nd Fill

300-220 125-1st century 22.70 m. deep. Two Hellenistic deposits at bottom, with series of Roman and then Turkishfills above. BottomFill. Fill in lowest 1.20 m. sealed in by 0.50 m. of sterile earth. One Rhodian amphora dated to ca. 224 by the eponym Mytion (SS 7582) and two more to ca. 222 by the eponym Aristonides (SS 7581, SS 7583 [Grace 1979a, figs. 22, 23]). Lack of moldmade bowls suggests deposit very soon thereafter. 167, 172, 178, 193, 197, 235, 257, 286, 289, 998; comparanda to 524, 720, 1001. 2nd Fill. Filled 2.00 m. of shaft above sterile layer. Late Hellenistic lamps (Types 37 B, 56 A), piece of Mottled Oliver lid, ESA plates, and fragment of long-petal bowl date deposit to later 2nd and 1st centuries, although some earlier material is also present. 548; comparandum to 936. AgoraIV, p. 234; VI, p. 98; VII, p. 224; Grace 1956b, p. 143, under no. 98; DtlosXXVII, p. 294 and pp. 302-303, under E 1 and E 5.

DEPOSIT SUMMARIES

436 B 13:8 (+)

Well

Lower Fill [POU] 325-260 250-225, with earlier material Upper Fill LowerFill. Material in lowest 2.50 m. probably a use fill. No stamped amphora handles. Presence of Hellenistic drinkingcups suggests terminal date. 35, 92, 111, 721; comparandum to 1140. UpperFill. In upper 20 m., partially dump from sanctuary,with much votive material. Two eponyms dating soon after months began to be named on Rhodian amphoras (third quarter of 3rd century: SS 7269, SS 7764, on Chian amphora may refer to in the terms of Xenaretos and Kallikratidas). Dipinto ixn Ntx4xou [&]pXovTog Athenian archon of either 332/1 or 225/4 (P 9754 + P 9755 [AgoraXXI, Hc 2, p. 70, pl. 39]). Three legible coins, the latest dating in 4th or early 3rd century (IIO-753; cf. Svoronos, pl. 103:1-39). Absence of moldmade bowls suggests fill deposited well before end of 3rd century. 125, 738, 1226, 1373, 1413. AgoraIV, p. 234; X, p. 136; XII, p. 384; XXI, p. 96; XXX, p. 359; Pollitt 1979, p. 215 (deposit III). B 14:3

Cistern

1st century after Christ

Dumped fill discarded in second half of 1st century after Christ, with some residual Hellenistic material. 1786. AgoraIV p. 234; V, p. 124; VII, p. 224; X, p. 67; XXI, p. 96. B 15:1 Well 3rd to mid-2nd century Upper Fill 17.80 m. deep. Lower fill of last quarter of 5th century;Hellenistic fill in upper three or four meters of well. Terminus postquemfor deposit provided by Knidian amphora handle naming the eponym Anaxippidas, ca. 167-146 (SS 7580 [KT 163]). 107. AgoraIV, p. 234; VIII, p. 125; XII, p. 384; XXI, p. 96; XXIII, p. 329; XXX, p. 359; lower fill fully published by Corbett (1949). B 17:4

Pyre 1445, 1465, 1469, 1485; comparanda to 1455, 1465, 1469, 1476, 1485. AgoraXII, p. 384; Young 1951b, p. 127, pl. 53:b (Pyre 11).

B 17:5

Pyre

Ca. 325

315-300

130, 1395; comparanda to 783, 1448, 1456, 1467, 1471, 1487. AgoraXII, p. 384; Young 1951b, pp. 128-129, pl. 53:c (Pyre 12). B 18:1

Pyre 1449, 1478, 1486, 1492; comparanda to 856, 1398, 1455, 1466, 1472, 1478, 1486, 1492. AgoraIV, p. 235; XII, p. 384; Young 1951b, pp. 117-119, pl. 51:a (Pyre 4).

B 18:2

Pyre

325-300

Ca. 250

226, 797. AgoraIV, p. 235; Young 1951b, pp. 125-126, pl. 52:c (Pyre 9). B 18:3

Pyre

1483. AgoraIV, p. 235; XII, p. 384; Young 1951b, pp. 119-120, pl. 51:b (Pyre 5).

375-350

DEPOSIT SUMMARIES B 18:4

Pyre AgoraIV, p. 235; XII, p. 384; Young 1951b, pp. 116-117, pl. 50:c (Pyre 3).

437 400-375?

Lower Fill [POU] 350-325 Fill 300-200 Upper 8.10 m. deep, with use fill in lowest ca. 1.50 m., dumped fill above. LowerFill. No independently datable material. Comparandum to 1077. UpperFill. Two Rhodian amphora handles probably date in last quarter of 3rd century (SS 10145 and SS 10257, naming the eponyms Sostratos and Archokrates;for Sostratossee DelosXXVII, p. 303, under E 5). AgoraIV, p. 235; XII, p. 385; XXI, p. 96.

B 18:7 (+)

Well

B 18:12

Well

Lower Fill [POU] 2nd century 150-100 Upper Fill 6.90 m. deep. Complete pots suitable for drawing water mark lowest 1.50 m. as POU, probably about contemporary with dumped fill above. LowerFill. No amphora handles or coins. 555, 1551. UpperFill. Seven amphora handles, all dating near middle of 2nd century (SS 10082-SS 10088). Type 37 B lamp (L 4272) indicates fill deposited near end of 2nd century. Grace 1956b, p. 153, under no. 123; DelosXXVII, p. 381. Lower Fill 250-190 To at least 150 Upper Fill Cistern in Room 12 of House C (see plan in Young 1951a, p. 204, fig. 11, with cistern indicated in northeastcorner of room). Excavated as single fill, but later analysis of material suggested two fills. 1214. LowerFill. Thin layer (0.15 m.) over floor. Five stamped amphora handles, the latest dated by the Rhodian fabricantAristion to ca. 210-199 (SS 9901; see Grace 1985, p. 40). UpperFill. Six stamped amphora handles, one dating in second quarter of 2nd century (SS 9876 [KT 1461], eponym Telekreon, 167-146 B.C.).Material comes from far afield: another fragment of late-4th-centuryinscription from cistern (I 5972) found in area G 11. Also, from unknown depth, joining fragment of a 4th-century pyxis lid (1214), more of which was found in B 20:7. Young 195la, pp. 207, 225-226. B 18:13

Cistern

B 19:1

Pit

325-300 Small pit with burned refuse, possibly of ritual nature. Three double-bodied owl bronze coins of 340's/330's-322, one somewhat worn (NN-1640a, b, NN-1641: AgoraXXVI, varieties [41-43]; cf. Svoronos, pl. 22:35-46). 54, 1435, 1477; comparanda to 4, 1477.

B 19:3 Pyre 1475. AgoraIV, p. 235; XII, p. 385; Young 1951b, pp. 120-121, pl. 51:c (Pyre 6). B 19:5

350-325

325-300 Pyre Three somewhat worn coins dating between ca. 360 and 322 (NN-2050, NN-2051a, b: AgoraXXVI, varieties 38 and [41-43]; cf. Svoronos, pls. 103:1-15, 22:35-46). 101, 118, 784, 1446, 1461, 1476, 1488; comparanda to 1455, 1469, 1471, 1476, 1488. AgoraXII, p. 385; Young 1951b, pp. 124-125, pl. 52:b (Pyre 8).

DEPOSIT SUMMARIES

438

290-270 Pyre 18, 30, 84, 522, 1451, 1452, 1479, 1480, 1490, 1493; comparanda to 1457, 1467, 1471-1473, 1480, 1481. AgoraIV, p. 235; XII, p. 385; Young 1951b, pp. 122-123, pls. 49:b, 52:a (Pyre 7).

B 19:6

B 19:8 (+) Pit Pit at west side of Room 5 of House C (see Young 1951a, p. 204, fig. 11, above). 1263. AgoraXII, p. 385; Corbett 1949, p. 342, under no. 140. B 20:1

Well

Lower Fill [POU]

400-290

A.D.50-150

17.60 m. deep; Roman use fill in lowest 6.70 m., Byzantine upper fill. 575 comes from lowest 1.50 m. of shaft. 575. AgoraV, p. 124; VII, p. 224; XXI, p. 96; Young 1951a, p. 269; Lang 1955, p. 283, under no. 5. Lower Fill 225-175, with later intrusions Fill 150 to early 1st century? Upper Connected by tunnel to B 21:1, which was filled in Roman times. Main dumped fill, with small amount of later material above (note revision to AgoraXXII). LowerFill. Terminus postquemin second decade of 2nd century provided by amphora handles. Two late Hellenistic L 4091 [AgoraIV, nos. 863, 885, pp. 217, 220, pls. 26, 28]) and fragment of possible long-petal lamps (L 4090, bowl intrusive. Some much earlier material also present (e.g. P 17031 [AgoraXII, no. 130, p. 245, pl. 7]). 1114, 1754. UpperFill. Small amount of material in uppermost 1.00 m. One inventoried object. Comparandum to 931. AgoraXXI, p. 96; XXII, p. 96; Young 1951a, pp. 70, 263, 266; DulosXXVII, p. 381. B 20:2

Drawshaft

Lower Fill [POU] 325-275 Middle Fill 325-225 325-200 Upper Fill 9.35 m. deep. Three Hellenistic fills: use fill with two dumped fills above. LowerFill. Thirteen water jars identify material in lowest 0.85 m. as use fill. No independently datable material. Large piece of Byzantinejar intrusive. MiddleFill. Only inventoried find an early Thasian amphora handle (SS 9683; cf. 6tThas IV, no. 1240, p. 316). Probably dumped fill, thrown into well in third quarter of 3rd century but with much earlier material. UpperFill. In upper 6.00 m. of shaft. Rhodian amphora handle of the term of Xenostratos (SS 9663) provides terminus post quemof ca. 217. Fill spans over a century,with 4th-century material fragmentarybut well represented. Join with fragmentsof pyxis lid from B 13:18 (1214). 1214, 1733. AgoraXXII, p. 97; D. B. Thompson 1959; Rotroff 1987a, p. 185. B 20:7 (+)

Altar Well

B 21:16 Well 1st century B.C. to 1st century after Christ 9.05 m. deep, with four fills ranging from late Hellenistic to early Roman. Young 1951a, p. 279 (well in House U). B 21:24

Well

Construction Fill Well Fill

140-115 1st century Partiallytile-lined well with packing of whole amphorasbehind tiles. Well dug to 9.00 m. and abandoned because of danger. Use fill postulated below but no pottery recovered. Well dug through tunnel from cistern B 21:25. Construction Fill. Packing of Knidian amphoras, many with stamped handles, dating early in last quarter of 2nd century: jars of the terms of Apollodoros, Diokles, Euphranor, Menekrates, and Timasikrates (SS 9367, SS 9743-SS 9746, SS 9748, SS 9750, SS 9751, SS 9753-SS 9755). 1118.

DEPOSIT SUMMARIES

439

WellFill. Three amphora handles, the latest a Rhodian handle of the fabricant Apollophanes, mid-ist century or third quarter of 1st century (SS 9329; see Grace 1965, p. 15, under F and G). AgoraXII, p. 385; D6losXXVII, pp. 317-318, note 2 and pp. 329-330, under E 71, E 76, and E 78. B 21:25

Cistern 150-100, Roman disturbance cistern chamber with Roman material as late as 2nd after Christ. Undisturbed fill in tunnel Collapsed century from in encountered excavation of well B 21:24. chamber, leading Knidian amphora handle from tunnel names the eponym Euphranor of 146-108 (SS 9512 [KT 321]). Coin from chamber dates to ca. 130-90 (NN-1263: AgoraXXVI, variety 99; cf. Svoronos, pl. 24:60-68). 434. B 22:3

Pyre 99, 1447, 1462, 1484; comparanda to 1455, 1462, 1469, 1477. AgoraIV p. 235; XII, p. 385; Young 1951b, p. 126, pl. 53:a (Pyre 10).

B 22:4

Cistern

BB 17:1

Well

C 8:1

Manhole

Ca. 300

Lower Fill Sullan destruction debris 1st century Upper Fill Lower fill in cone on floor, with dumped upper fill above. LowerFill.Contained few objects. Two immediatelypre-Sullancoins (NN- 1467, NN-1469: AgoraXXVI, variety97; cf. Svoronos, pl. 81:45-48) and one of ca. 99/98 (NN-1468: AgoraXXVI, variety 94; cf. Svoronos, pi. 81:32-39). Knidian amphora handle of early duoviriperiod (eponym Kleupolis, SS 9613 [KT 24]; see DelosXXVII, p. 331, under E 83). 1771. UpperFill. Sullan debris together with later material,deposited in second half of 1stcentury. One very worn coin of ca. 20-10 (NN-1398: AgoraXXVI, variety 158; cf. Svoronos,pl. 79:38-42); nine other coins are 3rd and 2nd century. None often amphora handles postdates 86. At least three are immediatelypre-Sullan: SS 9591 and SS 9603, naming duoviriof the year ofPisinos (KT 1579 [cf. DelosXXVII, E 163, p. 346] and KT 1519 [see D6losXXVII, p. 345, under E 160]); SS 9610, naming the eponym Aristainos(KT 480 [cf. DelosXXVII, E 134, p. 341]). 1294. AgoraXXV, p. 163; DelosXXVII, p. 339, unde E 125. 375-350 Well in Theseion Plateia discovered in course of city sewer work and partially excavated to depth of 5.30 m.; dumped fill from sculptor'sworkshop. Comparandum to 705. AgoraXII, p. 385; XXI, p. 96; Pollitt 1979, pp. 215-216 (deposit IV). 110-75 Manhole in extensive water supply system. Other manholes in same system cited here are C 8:2, C 10:1, E 10:1. Several Knidian amphora handles of pre-Sullan duoviriperiod, one post-Sullan handle (SS 6300 [KT 1788]) naming duoviriof the term of Euboulos, and one Latin stamp of first quarter of 1st century (SS 6307). 1352. Mattusch 1977, pp. 363-364. C 8:2

Manhole Late 1st century B.C.to early 1st century after Christ Manhole in water supply system (see under C 8:1) One coin of ca. 25-20 (KK-44: AgoraXXVI, variety 149; cf. Svoronos, pl. 80:29-32). Late Hellenistic and early Roman lamps (L 2015 [Type 52 C] and L 2016 [AgoraVII, no. 66, p. 78, pl. 3]). A small amount of earlier material includes mold for moldmade bowl (P 6887) and Knidian amphora handle naming the fabricantDamokrates,active in third quarterof 2nd century (SS 4970 [KT 366 IV]; see DelosXXVII, pp. 327-328, under E 66). 1293, 1727. AgoraVII, p. 224.

440

DEPOSIT SUMMARIES

C 8:5 (+) Well 350-300 Well (not cistern shaft, as in AgoraXII), 18.80 m. deep, communicates with water system (see C 8:1) through small hole, probably fortuitously. Single fill, mostly of tiles, with two fairly complete pots at bottom. Coin of 340's/330's-322 (KK-63: AgoraXXVI, varieties [41-43]; cf. Svoronos, pl. 22:35-46). 867. AgoraXII, p. 386. C 10:1 (+)

Manhole

120-90

Manhole giving access to water system (see under C 8:1). Amphora handle gives terminuspost quemin late 2nd century. Material appears to be slightly pre-Sullan. 1542, 1658; comparanda to 612, 1672. AgoraXXII, p. 97; DLlosXXVII, p. 381. C 12:2 (+) Well 375-325, with disturbance of 250-225 18.12 m. deep. Bulk of pottery dates in 4th century. Only coin is 5th-centurysilver triobol (He-654 [AgoraXXVI, no. 12f]; cf. Svoronos, pl. 21:51). At least three amphora handles date in 3rd century, including nearly whole Rhodian jar dating after 240 and naming the eponym Sochares (SS 5748). Apparently an old, 4th-century rubbish heap discarded in third quarter of 3rd century. 821; comparanda to 188, 467. AgoraIV,p. 235; VIII, p. 125; X, pp. 67, 136; XII, p. 386; XXI, p. 96; XXX, p. 360; Grace 1963, p. 331, note 25. C 14:7

Pit and Drain 4th to early 3rd century Small deposit of material, mixed 4th and early 3rd centuries, from pit leading to drain. 175, 1342. AgoraXXX, p. 360.

C 17:2

290-250 Pyre 219, 222, 527, 793, 796, 1454, 1458, 1468, 1472; comparanda to 16, 24,51, 1458, 1468, 1472, 1480, 1489. AgoraIV, p. 235; XII, p. 386; H. A. Thompson 1948, pp. 166-167, pl. 46:3; Young 1951b, pp. 129-130, pl. 54:a (Pyre 13).

C 19:5

Fill b

Late 5th to mid-4th century

Variousfills associatedwith House K in industrialarea west of Agora. Fill a from originalperiod of house (2nd half of 5th century). Fill b from use of house. Fill c, over house, dates in 4th century and Hellenistic period. AgoraXII, p. 386; XXI, p. 97; XXIII, p. 330; XXX, p. 360; Young 1951a, pp. 244-245 ("dump of earth and marble chips"). C 20:2 (+) Koukla Factory Fill Mostly 200-150, with a few later pieces Fill with many figurines and molds, possibly from terracotta factory. No coins or stamped amphora handles date after ca. 150, but there is some later material, including a few fragments of ESA, gray ware, thin-walled ware, and a Type 54 A lamp. 1329, 1634; comparandum to 389. AgoraXXII, p. 97; Young 1951a, pp. 249, 268, 274; D. B. Thompson 1965, p. 50; Rotroff 1987a, p. 189; Grandjouan 1989, p. 69; Dlos XXVII, p. 381. C 20:3

Cistern

Chamber with two short blind tunnels; uniform fill with small amount of mixed material. 312, 1629. AgoraXII, p. 387.

6th-lst century

DEPOSIT SUMMARIES

441

D 4:1 Cistern 1st century after Christ Layer II (Group G) Connected by tunnel to another chamber (E 5:1), which was filled in late 4th century after Christ. Three deposits: thin layer over floor (I)containing a few fragmentsof 3rd-centurypottery along with more substantiallate Hellenistic material (early 1st century, possibly slightly later); two dumped fills (II, III) of 1st century and late 1st to early 2nd century after Christ respectively. Comparandum to 514. AgoraIV, p. 236; V, pp. 22-45, 124; VI, p. 98; VII, pp. 224-225; XXVI, pp. 304-305; Hayes 1973, p. 425; Kroll 1973, no. 6, p. 325. D 5:2

Cistern System

Late Hellenistic and Roman

System consisting of double cistern, tunnel to drawshaft, and blind tunnel. All filled with Hellenistic debris in late Roman times. Much Hellenistic material, including ten stamped amphora handles, mostly of second half of 2nd century and early 1st century, concentrated in drawshaftand tunnels: latest are SS 7337 (KT 293), of the term of the Knidian eponym Alexandros (107-98 B.C.),and SS 7332 (KT 1610), naming the duoviniMystes and lason (97-88 B.C.). Chambers contained mostly late Roman and Byzantine fill. Six Roman coins found in various parts of system, the latest dating in 4th century after Christ (AA-204, AA-253, AA-270). 1769; comparanda to 396, 850. AgoraXXII, p. 97.

D 11:1

Well

50 B.C.-A.D. 50 in 21.53 m. deep; sterile, collapsed bedrock lowest 6.50 m., with single dumped fill above. Very worn coins dating between ca. 25 and 10 B.C. (110-382, 118-472, 118-473: AgoraXXVI, varieties 158, 153, and 152; cf. Svoronos, pls. 79:38-42, 80:18-21, 37-43; see Kroll 1973, no. 1, p. 324).

1287, 1296, 1548, 1550, 1728.

AgoraIV, p. 236; V, p. 124; VI, p. 98; VII, p. 225; XXI, p. 97; XXIII, p. 330; XXVI, p. 305. D 11:2(+) Drawshaft 300-215 Drawshaft of complex cistern system with two chambers (D 11:4, E 11:1), two more drawshafts(D 11:3, D 12:2), and two blind tunnels, all of which were filled later than D 11:2. Worn coin of Antigonos Doson, 229-220 (II8-430; cf. McClean II, 3609-3613). Two fragments of moldmade bowls suggest date of deposit not long after 225. 20, 135, 138, 724, 824, 1266, 1316, 1365, 1377, 1378, 1482, 1495, 1501; comparanda to 880, 999. AgoraIV, p. 236; X, p. 137; XII, p. 387; Grace 1956b, p. 168; Pollitt 1979, p. 216 (deposit VI). D 11:3 (+) D 11:4 (+)

Drawshaft Cistern

Lower Fill Lower Fill Middle Fill Lower Fill

1st century B.C. to early 1st century after Christ 200 to late 1st century Mostly 1st century,with some Roman D 12:2 (+) Drawshaft 1st century D 11:4 separated from D 12:2 by tunnel only 0.50 m. long, with joins between the pottery in their lower fills; connected by tunnel ca. 2.00 m. long to D 11:3 and E 11:1. Part of same system as D 11:2. D 11:3. Deep lower fill; small upper fill dating in 2nd century after Christ. Lower fill with much broken plaster, tile, and brick contained sprinkling of Classical and early Hellenistic (ca. twenty-five fragments, cf. lower fill of D 11:4) along with Ist-century material and Western Sigillata (e.g. P 10950). Six immediately pre-Sullan amphora stamps indicate some material derives from Sullan sack. 834, 1231; comparandum to 694. AgoraXXII, p. 97. D 11:4. Three fills, the uppermost late Roman. LowerFill. In lowest 0.70 m., with broken plaster and tiles. Most stamped amphora handles date in first half of 2nd century, with one dating in early 1st century. Much of the pottery is 2nd century, and there is a sprinkling of Classical pieces unusual at this date. Terminal date suggested by large number of Mottled Oliver lids and by Type 56 A lamp (L 5948).

DEPOSIT SUMMARIES

442

271, 510, 553, 567, 616, 766, 815, 1038, 1125, 1326, 1349, 1515, 1650, 1656, 1657, 1661, 1663, 1788; comparanda to 455, 602, 694, 927. MiddleFill. Mostly 1st century, with Western Sigillata and five Roman lamp fragments. Three coins, of which one is early 1st century (HI1-314 [AgoraXXVI, no. 94b]; cf. Svoronos, pl. 81:32-39), and one dates to 2nd century after Christ (11-313: AgoraXXVI, variety 204; cf. Svoronos,pl. 89:35-40). Forty-sevenstamped amphora handles, mostly of late 2nd and early 1stcenturies, with five dating after Sullan sack (SS 5150, SS 5162, SS 5282, SS 5292 [all late Knidian, of the group discussed in Grace 1956b, p. 160, under nos. 168, 169], and SS 5136 [KT-1043]). 1286, 1664. Unknown depth: 489. AgoraIV, p. 236; X, p. 67; XII, p. 387; XXI, p. 97; XXII, pp. 97-98; DJlosXXVII, p. 381. D 12:2. Deep lower fill, small Roman fill above. Lower fill contains less 2nd-century material and more Ist-century material than lower fill of D 11:4. Joins in the pottery, however, and broken plaster and tiles in both deposits attest that the two fills are closely related. Latest coin dates 85-ca. 70, and a late Knidian amphora handle is present (see AgoraXXII), bringing terminusdown to mid-lst century or later. 271, 614, 1288, 1504, 1521, 1557, 1564, 1568, 1573, 1574; comparanda to 1124, 1574. AgoraIV, p. 236; X, p. 67; XXI, p. 97; XXII, pp. 97-98; Rotroff 1987a, p. 189. D 11:8 (+)

Cistern

Late Hellenistic and Roman

Mixed dump of material, with a little Classical, much Roman dating at least as late as 3rd century after Christ, and large amount of late Hellenistic, including Knidian amphora handle of early 1st century (SS 4377 [KT 1280], naming the eponym Andromenes) and two coins of late 2nd and early 1st centuries (II-66, II8-67: AgoraXXVI, varieties 131, 100; cf. Svoronos, pl. 107:28-35, 50-54). 1619. D 12:2

See D 11:3

D 15:3 (+) Cistern 375-300 with some inventoried vessels. Coins date within 4th three of Large dumped deposit, seventy Salamis, century: mid-4th century (r-1432, r-1441a, b [AgoraXXVI, nos. 640h-j]; cf. BMCAttica,p. 116, 1-6), three double-bodied owls of 340's/330's-322 (1-1431a-c: AgoraXXVI, variety 42; cf. Svoronos, pl. 22:44-46). Corinthian B amphora dates in late 4th century or into 3rd century (P 6395 [Grace 1979, fig. 42, left; Koehler 1978b, no. 249, p. 189, pls. 32, 40]). 779, 974, 1078, 1433, 1464, 1466; comparanda to 777, 778, 866, 867, 1408, 1465, 1469, 1470. AgoraIV, p. 236; XII, p. 387; XXI, p. 97; XXVI, p. 305; XXX, p. 361; D. B. Thompson 1939, pp. 293-295, fig. 7 (mold from the cistern [T 930]); Corbett 1949, no. 149, p. 343; Grace 1971, p. 78, note 66 and p. 85, note 86; Koehler 1978a, p. 237. D 15:4 (+) Pit Lower Fill 375-325, with late-3rd-centurydisturbance Pit with two fills, the upper one Roman. Coin of 340's/330's-322 (17-1480:AgoraXXVI, varieties [41-43]; cf. Svoronos, pl. 22:35-46). Most materialdates in second quarterof 4th century,some in third quarterof century,a few pieces as early as 5th century. Six fragments probably date in last quarter of 3rd century. 776. AgoraXII, p. 387; XXX, p. 361. D 16:1 (+) Cistern Lower Fill 325-275 Cistern with two tunnels, one disturbedby Roman well (D 16:5). Homogeneous fill, with small Byzantine deposit above. Fourfragmentaryamphoraswith stamped handles, all dating within 4th century (SS 10340-SS 10342, SS 10344). 12, 86, 100, 122, 176, 475, 787, 969, 1068, 1076, 1143, 1176; comparanda to 166, 173, 468, 861. AgoraXII, p. 387; XXX, p. 361; Rotroff 1984b, pp. 343, 347, 349, pl. 67:b, e.

DEPOSIT SUMMARIES

443

D 16:6

250-240

D 16:8 Pit Pit containing red-figuredlebes of second quarter of 4th century (P 20219) along with later material. Comparandum to 53. AgoraXII, p. 387; XXX, p. 361.

375-315

Pyre 229. AgoraIV, p. 236; Young 195 lb, p. 130, pl. 54:b (Pyre 14).

D 17:3 (+)

Cistern

Lower and Upper Fills

D 17:4 (+)

Cistern

Lower Fill [POU] Middle Fill Upper Fill

300-250 Cistern in northwest room of Annex of Poros Building ("Prisonof Sokrates");part of same system as D 17:4 and D 17:5, the chambers connected by long tunnels. Two fillsof distinctlydifferentearth but with no apparentdifference in date. Only legible coin dates 340's/330's-322 (00-1334: AgoraXXVI, varieties [41-43]; cf. Svoronos, pl. 22:35-46, from upper fill). Dating based on presence of well-developed Hellenistic angular kantharoi, absence of baggy kantharoi and moldmade bowls. 69, 143, 182, 187, 221, 794, 875, 879, 1081, 1152, 1219, 1247, 1309; comparanda to 16, 19, 523. AgoraIV, p. 236; XII, p. 387; XXI, p. 97; Young 1951a, p. 182. 200 to 150, with late Hellenistic intrusion 150 to early 1st century? Late Hellenistic? Cistern in northeast room of Annex of Poros Building;part of system including D 17:3 and D 17:5. LowerFill. Water jars suggest this is a use fill. Knidian amphora handle of ca. 90-88 (SS 10712 [KT 1500], naming the duoviriAgesipolis and Hermophantos). Other than this, only one small fragment of semiglazed plate is late Hellenistic. Other material dates before ca. 150. 300, 426, 509, 1104. MiddleFill. Very little pottery,much of it not closely datable, but some late Hellenistic. 1119. UpperFill. Almost no fine pottery,none datable after ca. 150. Comparandum to 541. AgoraXXII, p. 98; XXIII, p. 330; Young 195la, p. 182 (cistern"inthe northeastcorner of the Annex");Grandjouan 1989, p. 69. 225-150? Papposilenos Cistern Lower Fill 150-100 Upper Fill Cistern south of south wall of Annex of Poros Building. Part of three-chamber system, with D 17:3 and D 17:4. Two distinct fills above layer of sterile sand. LowerFill. Only datable object is 2nd-century coin. 149, 391, 422, 754, 805, 1022, 1063, 1102; comparanda to 604, 889, 919. UpperFill. Amphora handles give terminus postquemearly in third quarter of 2nd century. Plate with upturned rim (847) probably dates at least as late as last decade of century. 321, 498, 759, 809, 847, 1014, 1024; comparanda to 386, 1024. AgoraIV, pp. 236-237; X, p. 67; XXII, p. 98; XXVI, p. 305; Young 1951a, p. 182; D. B. Thompson 1965, p. 50; Pollitt 1979, pp. 220-221 (deposit XXX); Rotroff 1987a, p. 190. D 17:5 (+)

D 17:11 (+) Lower Fill Well 100-50? 12.00 m. deep, with Hellenistic lower fill and early Roman upper fill. Two amphora handles of duoviriperiod, one of them from latter half ofperiod, ca. 97-88 (SS 10332 [KT 678], with neck and shoulder preserved)naming the eponym Agias. Little fine ware, not closely datable. 573, 574, 1508, 1540. AgoraX, p. 67; XXI, p. 97.

444

DEPOSIT SUMMARIES

D 17:12 Well Lower Fill 350-325 14.90 m. deep, located south of Annex of Poros Building. Two fills; upper fill, in top 1.00 m., probably contemporarywith lower fill but perhaps disturbed. Dumped lower fill with two Thasian amphora handles (SS 10709, SS 10994; cf. EtThas IV, no. 373, p. 138 and no. 1878, p. 444) of third quarter of 4th century; SS 10709 names Aristoteles, 345-335 (see Debidour 1986, p. 330). 993. AgoraIV, p. 237; XII, p. 388; XXX, p. 361; Young 1951a, p. 182 ("unfinishedwell"). D 19:2 Fill I [POU] Well Late 2nd to early 1st century Four fills, probably approximatelycontemporary,in well 15.05 m. deep. Material in lowest 5.00 m. (Fill I) identified as use fill by numerous basket-handled water jars and whole pots. Type 51 C lamp (L 3907) confirmslate Hellenistic date. Fill II consisted of 4.00 m. of nearly sterilemud. Fill III, from collapse of well (with many broken well tiles), contained little pottery but two stamped amphora handles dating in early 1st century: SS 9202 (KT 1280), in term of Andromenes (97-88 B.C.;see DelosXXVII, p. 351, under E 191); SS 9201, Rhodian handle of the fabricant Kastor (see Grace 1956b, p. 144, under no. 112). Nondescript fill (IV) in top 0.50 m. of well. 439, 542, 1732. AgoraIV, p. 237; Shear 1940, p. 304 ("tiledwell"). D-E 8-9:1 (+) Cistern System 325-275, with slight Hellenistic disturbance Two chambers connected by tunnel, all filled at same time. Largedeposit of pottery (oversixty inventoriedvessels), mostly dating between ca. 325 and 275. Latest coins date ca. 322/317-307 (IIO-97, IIH-103, HII-104, 11E-121: AgoraXXVI, varieties 44, 46, 48, 49; cf. Svoronos, pls. 24:42-57, 103:22, 25, 26, 28) and stamped amphora handle perhaps of late 4th or early 3rd century (SS 4840). Disturbance evidenced by fragments of three moldmade bowls and plate of late 3rd or early 2nd century. 3, 62, 88, 110, 230, 472, 474, 645, 710, 711, 782, 864, 968, 975, 1057, 1140; comparanda to 3, 56, 61, 472, 704, 783, 966, 1492-1494. AgoraXII, p. 388; XXI, p. 97; XXII, p. 98; XXIII, p. 331; XXVI, p. 305; Corbett 1955, p. 178, under no. 2; Pollitt 1979, p. 216 (deposit VII). D-E 15:1

Fill in Great Drain 150 to early 1st century Numerous coins and amphora handles date in late 2nd and early 1stcentury; the latest coins are now dated 99/98 and 130-90 (AgoraXXVI, varieties 94 and 99). Immediately pre-Sullan coins and amphora handles are lacking. Most pottery late Hellenistic, with a few earlierpieces. For other fills in Great Drain see A-B 19-20:1, H 12:1. 381, 1707. AgoraIV, p. 237; XXII, p. 98. E 2:3

Pit

375-350

Foundrypit northwest of Agora; material dated on basis of comparison with pottery from Olynthos. AgoraIV, p. 238 (cited as F 2:1); X, p. 67; XII, p. 388; XIV, p. 188; XXI, p. 97; XXIII, p. 331; XXX, p. 361; D. B. Thompson 1939, pp. 285, 289-290; Shear 1940, p. 300; Corbett 1955, p. 179, under no. 4; Mattusch 1977, pp. 357-358. E 3:1 (+)

Cistern 325-250 Connected by tunnel to another chamber that was not excavated. Very large deposit (over 150 vessels), dump of potter's shop; multiple vessels share same stamps, and painted vessels of same workshop are present. One worn coin of ca. 322/317-307 (MM-316: AgoraXXVI, variety 48; cf. Svoronos, pl. 103:22). One stamped jar (SS 6127) dates slightly earlier than P 1113 from Thompson's Group B, thus perhaps in second quarter of 3rd century. Lamps of Types 28 B, 29 A, and 29 B are consistent with this dating (L 2380, L 2187 [Agora V, nos. 402, 408, pp. 93, 95, pls. 14, 41], L 2224, L 5407). Very worn coin probably dating 130-90 (MM-227: AgoraXXVI, variety 100; cf. Svoronos, pl. 107:50-54) and one Roman sherd are intrusive. A single fragment of a moldmade bowl found in uppermost part of the cistern may indicate that the chamber remained open later, but in view of the absence

DEPOSIT SUMMARIES

445

of kantharoiand hemisphericalbowls typical of the third quarterof the century,it is more likely that this fragmenttoo is intrusive. 10, 26 33 46, 63, 72, 109, 123, 144, 165, 166, 171, 173, 177, 191, 196, 280, 313, 314, 316, 317, 334, 5 719, 735, 791, 795, 857, 858, 862, 865, 876, 880, 335, 339, 340, 463, 468, 626, 627, 637, 652, 653 657 967, 970, 971, 977, 978, 984, 987, 992, 1001, 1002, 1028, 1049, 1054, 1055, 1058-1062, 1080, 1083, 1087, 1090, 1091, 1146, 1164, 1227, 1254, 1255, 1264, 1424, 1494; comparanda to 63, 74, 188, 196, 221, 609, 867 986, 7 999, 1028,,155, 1060, 1086, 1087, 1096, 1129, 1411. 890, 9, 625, 629, 719862, 72,9886, 879,,872, AgoraIV, p. 237; X, p. 67; XII, 388; XXI, p. 97; XXX, p. 361; Pollitt 1979, p. 216 (deposit VIII); Rotroff 1983, p. 262; Dilos XXVII, p. 366, note 2. E 5:2 (+)

Cistern

Lower Fill

250-190, disturbed Connected to another chamber that contained Byzantine fill (E 5:3). Empty above, with Hellenistic fill at bottom overlaidby a small amount of Byzantine debris. Terminus post quemprovided by early-2nd-centurycoin. Absence of unguentaria with solid stems suggests cistern filled very shortly thereafter. Hemispherical cups with rouletted decoration common both here and in F 17:4. Some disturbance indicated by Byzantine coins (AA-48, AA-49) and fragment of Roman plate. 91, 266, 294,368,369,374,384,519,659, 666, 726, 744, 892, 1089, 1109,1418, 1720; comparanda to 255, 268,3744 ,1, 724, 1097, 1414, 1733. AgoraX, p. 67; XII, p. 388; XXIII, p. 98; Pollitt 1979, p. 221 (depositXXXII). E 5:5 (+) Pit 275-200, with later disturbance Pit filled in Hellenistic times and disturbed in Roman times. 4th- and 3rd-century coins of Megara (AA-121, AA-236; cf. BMCAttica,p. 120, 28, 29) and Eretria (A-222 [AgoraXXVI, no. 613k]; cf. McClean II, 5710). Most pottery dates within 3rd century,with handful of late Hellenistic and early Roman pieces. Conmparandum to 1426. E 6:1 (+) E 6:2 (+)

Egyptian Cistern: east chamber Egyptian Cistern: west chamber

Lower Fill

175-125

Lower Fill

175-125

115-86 Upper Fill Two chambersjoined by tunnel. Contemporarylower fills. Upper fill in E 6:1 is Roman, in E 6:2, Sullan. LowerFills (both chambers) = abandonment fills of Rotroff 1983, pp. 280-281. Amphora handles of 188-167 B.C. Terminal date suggested by presence of many long-petal bowls. 299, 428, 431, 486, 761, 1116, 1742; comparandum to 459 (E 6:1). 429, 682, 808; comparanda to 808, 944, 1117 (E 6:2). 1795 (both chambers). UpperFill (E 6:2) = supplementaryfill of Rotroff 1983, pp. 281-282. Characterizedas Sullan destructiondebris by stamped amphora handles (see AgoraXXII, with the following correction: SS 6504 is of the year of Aristomedes, not Aristomenes). One coin of ca. 130-90 (KK-437: AgoraXXVI, variety 100; cf. Svoronos, pl. 107:50-54). 394, 1256, 1305; comparanda to 1718, 1784. AgoraIV, p. 237; XII, p. 388; XIV, p. 80, note 235; XXII, pp. 98-99; G. R. Edwards 1957, p. 335, note 52; D. B. Thompson 1965, p. 50; Pollitt 1979, p. 220 (deposit XXIX); selection of pottery published in Rotroff 1983, pp. 278-282, 295-297; Rotroff 1987a, p. 190; DelosXXVII, p. 381. E 10:1 (+) Manhole 120-86 Adit to water system (see under C 8:1). Six Knidian amphora handles of latter half of duoviriperiod, including two of the term of Hermon, one of the last eponyms before 88 (SS 4916 and SS 4997 [KT 651]), suggest deposit is primarily Sullan destruction debris. A few later,possibly intrusivepieces: Type 56 A lamp (L 2007 [AgoraIV,no. 797, p. 204, pl. 53]) and several fragments of plate of 1st century after Christ(?). 1193, 1725. AgoraXXII, p. 97; D. B. Thompson 1965, p. 50; Rotroff 1987a, p. 190; DelosXXVII, p. 381.

DEPOSIT SUMMARIES

446

Lower Fill 325-200, with disturbanceof 150-75 Roman Upper Fill Connected by tunnels to E 14:3 and E 15:3, filled at differentdates. LowerFill. The fills of E 14:1 and E 14:3 poured into the tunnel connecting them, and there was some mixing during excavation. The main deposit in E 14:3is contemporarywith the disturbancein E 14:1 and may be the source of some of this material, although there was also some late Hellenistic material on the surface of the fill in E 14:1. Terminus postquemfor fill proper provided by Rhodian amphora handle of perhaps ca. 218 (see AgoraXXII). Deposit covers long range, with many objects dating in first half of 3rd century. Considerable disturbance evidenced by pair of Knidian amphora handles of ca. 150, two West Slope fragmentsof the Large Leaf Groups, ESA, fragmentsof eighteen long-petal bowls, Athenian coins of 1st century and Imperial period (- 1194, r- 1199; see AgoraXXII), over twenty-fivefragments of Roman pottery and lamps, Roman glass. Large amount of pottery (e.g., fragments of over 200 West Slope vessels and forty-four moldmade bowls) and multiple vessels from the same workshopssuggest this is a workshopdump. Four pieces of the Dikeras Group (two from the chamber itself [75, 77] and two from the tunnel leading to E 14:3 [85, 461]), one by the same potter who potted them (78), and two of the Edwards Group (332, 630) all emanate from a single shop. There are also three vessels of the Shark Group (136, 414, P 31795 [Rotroff 1991, no. 68, p. 85, pl. 32]). Also closely similar, and perhaps from a single shop, are 241, 245, 250, 260, 306. Many bowls have the same palmette stamp:886-888, P 6255, P 6259, P 6264. 31, 75, 77, 78, 85, 136, 137, 156, 161, 198, 200, 208, 210, 211, 213, 214, 236, 237, 241, 243, 245, 248, 250, 251, 260, 272, 274, 282, 306, 332, 343, 344, 359, 365, 367, 395, 411, 414, 415, 417, 461, 464, 466, 476-479, 499, 504, 508, 528, 556, 569, 610, 628, 630, 655, 658, 668, 689, 722, 725, 740, 742, 883, 886-888, 890, 914-916, 989, 1004, 1015, 1017, 1030, 1082, 1096, 1111, 1145, 1148, 1149, 1153, 1171, 1180, 1203, 1208, 1222, 1249, 1310, 1334, 1379, 1426, 1441, 1500, 1571, 1716, 1735, 1751, 1759; comparanda to 21, 23, 516, 590, 604, 619, 664, 879, 884-886, 888, 889, 898, 912, 914, 916, 1008, 1010, 1111, 1131, 1414, 1426, 1441, 1713. UpperFill. Roman, 3rd century after Christ. 1763. AgoraIV, p. 237; V, p. 125; X, p. 67; XII, p. 388; XXI, p. 97; XXII, p. 98; XXVIII, p. 243; Shear 1936, pp. 37-38; G. R. Edwards 1956, p. 142, under no. 84; D. B. Thompson 1959, p. 130, note 15; Grandjouan 1989, p. 69. E 14:1 (+)

Cistern

E 14:3 (+)

Kybele Cistern Mostly 115-50, with several 3rd-centurypieces and one late Roman intrusion (Drawshaft) Connected to E 15:3 and E 14:1; some mixing with material from the latter in excavation (see under E 14:1). Dug as single fill, with no changes in earth noticed. Upper 0.50 m. contained a single late Roman piece (P 5643). One 3rd-centurypot (872) found near bottom of shaft and other 3rd-centurymaterial (fromunknown depths)were artificially brought together to form a "POU and period of abandonment fill." Thus in publications (including AgoraXXII) there is reference to multiple fills in the cistern. It is more accurate, however, to describe the fill as late Hellenistic with ca. fifteen 3rd-centurypieces. Amphora handles suggest a concentration of Sullan destruction debris, but there is enough later materialto suggest deposit did not take place until later: coins of ca. 85-70; fragment of a Type 52 E lamp (ca. 50 B.C.-A.D. 20). A fragment of Western Sigillata (P 20494, ca. A.D. 20) could be intrusive or may indicate that shaft remained open into early 1st century after Christ. 85, 238, 404, 443, 461, 508, 547, 550, 677, 688, 700, 733, 734, 765, 770, 773, 843-845, 872, 935, 937, 950-952, 955, 956, 1145, 1236, 1237, 1243, 1244, 1279, 1284, 1285, 1436, 1520, 1531, 1538, 1556, 1563, 1590, 1593, 1654, 1659, 1660, 1682, 1699, 1723, 1730, 1739, 1792; comparanda to 692, 693,843, 848, 1124, 1284, 1770. AgoraIV, p. 237; X, p. 67; XXI, p. 97; XXII, p. 99; XXVI, pp. 306-307; Shear 1936, p. 38; Price 1964, pp. 32-33 (deposit II); D. B. Thompson 1966a; Rotroff 1987a, p. 193; DdlosXXVII, p. 381. E 14:6 (+)

Well

Lower Fill Mainly 3rd century,with a few 2nd-century pieces Upper Fill Early Roman Roman fill and Hellenistic lower in Early upper fill, shaft 15.40 m. deep.

DEPOSIT SUMMARIES

447

At transitionfrom lower to upper fill, a nearlycomplete amphorawith two stamped handles and the stamped handle of another amphora, both dating in early 1st century (SS 6168-SS 6170 [KT 146, KT 1591, KT 1505], naming the Knidian eponym Euphragoras and duoiri of the term of Aristainos [cf. Dilos XXVII, E 190, p. 351]). Lower fill contained no amphora handles and produced one coin of ca. 322/317-307 (T[-1483:AgoraXXVI, variety 46; cf. Svoronos, p1.24:51-57). Most material from lower fill dates within 3rd century (ca.290 and later). The following are later: moldmade bowl of M Monogram Class (after ca. 175), fragments of three long-petal bowls (post ca. 150), gray-warejug with long-petal decoration, two white-ground lagynoi (e.g. 1528), and a brazier (P 14365). There are also three or four pieces of 16th- or 17th-centuryTurkishpottery. Lower fill: 297, 908, 988, 999, 1088, 1528; comparanda to 221, 326, 870, 908, 988, 1438. AgoraXII, p. 388; XXII, p. 99; DelosXXVII, p. 335, under E 102. Well Lower Fill E 14:10 (+) 350-250 Found below Roman pit E 14:9, which overlay both E 14:6 and E 14:10. Roman upper fill. Partiallyexcavated to depth of 12.85 m. No independently datable material. Most pottery dates in second half of 4th century,with the following fragments dating in 3rd century: two kantharos stems of early 3rd century; three West Slope kantharoi of second quarter of 3rd century; one moldmade relief lamp (cf. Kerameikos XI, no. 378, p. 66, 66,66). p. Comparandum to 128. E 15:2 (+)

Drawshaft

275-200

Part of same system as F 15:2 (Group E), to which it is attached by tunnel, and well E 15:7, to which it is connected by overflow channel. The part of the system to which E 15:2 and E 15:7 belong was walled off from F 15:2 and went out of use earlier. Knidian amphora handle dating 220-188 (SS 2259 [KT 814]), of the term ofLeon. Potteryis mainly 3rd century, with intrusive Roman lamp fragment. Coin of the 140's found in mouth of shaft (T-240: AgoraXXVI, variety 103; cf. Svoronos, pl. 106:48-51). Comparanda to 889, 890. H. A. Thompson 1934, p. 393, labeled "Drawshaft"in figure 81. E 15:3 (+)

Cistern

E 15:4 (+)

Drawshaft

Lower Fill 150 to end of 1st century Mixed late Hellenistic, late Roman, and Byzantine Upper Fill Connected by tunnel to E 14:1 and E 14:3. Hellenistic fill at bottom overlaid by largely Hellenistic fill with late Roman and Byzantine disturbancethroughout. LowerFill. Very little of undisturbedlower fill could be isolated due to conditions of excavation. Type 55 B lamp (L 1818) attests fill goes as late as end of 1st century. UpperFill. In this, much larger portion of the filling, late Hellenistic was mixed with later material. Many post-Sullan amphora handles. WesternSigillata(P 5727); latest coins date ca. 20-10 B.C. (note correction to coin date given in AgoraXXII). 693, 953, 1517, 1546, 1585, 1653. AgoraIV pp. 237-238; XXI, p. 97; XXII, p. 99; XXVI, p. 307; Rotroff 1987a, p. 193. Ca. 200-125 handles terminus in second of 2nd but bowls Amphora give quarter century (see AgoraXXII), long-petal suggest deposit well after mid-century. Fragmentof imported moldmade bowl dating in second half of 2nd century (P 31140), which joins another from F 13:3, also supports this closing date. 276, 322, 679, 927, 1023, 1608; comparandum for 276. AgoraXXII, p. 99; D. B. Thompson 1965, p. 50; Grace 1985, p. 23, note 61; Rotroff 1987a, pp. 190-191; Rotroff 1988a, p. 91, note 14. E 15:7 (+) Well Lower Fill [POU?] 325-200 20.80 m. deep, with small concentration of pottery in lowest 1.80 m., possibly a use fill, sealed in by 1.40 m. of sterile mud. Three fills above, with little pottery,ranging from Hellenistic to late Roman in date.

DEPOSIT SUMMARIES

448

No independently datable material in lower fill. 1706; comparandum for 193. H. A. Thompson 1934, p. 393, labeled "Hellenisticwell" in fig. 81. E 29:1

Cistern

Lower Fill

325-290

Cistern connected by tunnel to another chamber that was apparently cleared by Wilhelm Dorpfeld in the 19th century. Roman fill in mouth. Only datable object is Thasian amphora handle SS 14502, naming Daiphron, 335-325 (Debidour 1986, p. 331). 39; comparandum to 986. AgoraXII, p. 389; XXX, p. 362; see plan in Graber 1905, pl. I (two-cisternsystem in C-D 4, marked in blue). E 29:2

Cistern System 2nd century Drawshaft with two blind tunnels, in court of House of the Greek Mosaic; partially excavated by D6rpfeld. No legible coins or amphora handles. Comparandum to 758. For plan of house see Graber 1905, pl. I, in C-D 4-5. E 29:4

Stroseis

300-275

Layers 2 and 4 below floor of court of House of the Greek Mosaic. No independently datable objects. 27, 1696. AgoraXXIII, p. 331; Pollitt 1979, p. 216 (deposit IX). Forplan of house see Graber 1905, pl. I, in C-D 4-5. E-F 2-3:2 (+)

Stroseis

F 5:1 (+)

Cistern

375-350 LayerVIII Stratigraphicexcavation of various levels of road northwestof Agora square, ranging from prehistoric to Roman. Layer VIII (lots MM 218, MM 219) contained Type 23 C lamp and early kantharoi, along with two 2nd-century intrusions,probably from LayerVII above (lots MM 216, MM 217). Comparandum to 1075. AgoraXII, p. 389; XXX, p. 362; Shear 1937, p. 339. Middle Fill

200-150, with a few 3rd-centurypieces

Three fills. Sterile fill at bottom, early Roman fill at top. Lower terminusof ca. 150 given by amphora handles. A small amount of intrusive material, possibly from early Roman upper fill: Type 50 B lamp (L 3091 [AgoraIV, no. 670, p. 172, pl. 50]), Roman figurine, Mottled Oliver lid, two fragments of Roman pottery. 296, 496, 594, 758, 807, 1035, 1267, 1308; comparandumto 728, 731, 927. AgoraIV, p. 238; XII, p. 389; XXI, p. 97; XXII, pp. 99-100; G. R. Edwards 1957, p. 335, note 51. F 5:2

300-275 Pyre 1398, 1399, 1455, 1459, 1470, 1473, 1481, 1491; comparanda to 1446, 1452, 1454, 1455, 1459, 1465, 1467, 1470, 1472, 1480, 1481, 1489, 1491. AgoraIV, p. 238; XII, p. 389; XXX, p. 362; Shear 1938, p. 355 ("child'sgrave").

F 6:3 F 9:2

See G 6:2

Cistern Lower Fill 150-ca. 75, with Byzantine disturbance Part of three-chambercistern system, including also G 11:1, with Byzantine and modern disturbancethroughout; labeled F on plan in H. A. Thompson 1940, p. 99, fig. 75. Three fills, the uppermost modern, the middle one Byzantine. Extensive Byzantine disturbance evidenced by coins. Hellenistic material includes sixteen stamped amphora handles: two date at end of duoviriperiod (SS 2181, SS 2183 [KT 483, KT 1530], in the terms of Aristokrates

DEPOSIT SUMMARIES

449

and Hermon; for SS 2183 cf. Grace 1956b, no. 185, p. 164); one is post-Sullan, naming the fabricant Athenaios (SS 2092 [KT 46]; see Grace 1956b, p. 160, under no. 168). 936, 1189. H. A. Thompson 1940, p. 101. 350-294 Lower [POU?] and Upper Fills 335-294 Lower Fill 310-275 Middle Fill 290-250 or later Upper Fill Drawshaft G 11:4 (+) Mostly 350-290, with a few slightly later pieces Well (F 11:2), drawshaft (G 11:4), and another well converted into a cistern (F 12:3), all connected by tunnels. See plan in H. A. Thompson 1940, p. 99, fig. 75: A = F 11:2, E = G 11:4, C = F 12:3. System discussed on pp. 98-101, 134-135 and in H. A. Thompson 1937, pp. 165-167, 213-214. F 11:2. Shaft 16.80 m. deep contained rich deposit with ca. ninety inventoried vessels. Lower fill with relatively little material in lowest 2.80 m., possibly accumulated during use but is contemporary with and has many joins with pottery from larger, dumped, upper fill of upper 14.00 m. of well. Debris includes many objects associated with public life: fragments of five official measures (P 3497, P 3559, P 3562, P 6060, P 6061 [AgoraX, DM 13, DM 44-DM 46, DM 57, pp. 50, 52-54, pls. 14, 18, 33, 34]); four fragments of rooftiles labeled bsai6lov (A 432, A 433 a-c, [H. A. Thompson 1940, pp. 78-79, note 56, fig. 61]); three clay seals and a lead one (MC 81, MC 87, MC 122, IL 150 [AgoraX, C 1 a, p. 126, pl. 31, C 19 a, b, p. 129, pl. 32, and L 193, pp. 104-105, pl. 26]); fragmentsof three inscriptions (I 1761, I 1803, I 1959 [AgoraXIX, P46, pp. 134-135, pl. 11 and P20i, pp. 95-100 = Crosby 1950, no. 13i, pp. 226-236, pl. 87]). It has thereforebeen associatedwith damage to the Tholos. A date of deposit at the end of the 4th century or later is necessitatedby the latest coin, an owl-left bronze (307-ca. 300) from the lower fill (B-49 1: AgoraXXVI, variety 50; cf. Svoronos, pl. 22:85-88), and I have tentatively associated the damage with the tyranny of Lachares in 294 (Rotroff 1984b, p. 346). Much of the pottery dates in last quarter of 4th century, but at least five pieces date as early as the second quarter. Abundant table ware, some of very ordinary quality, was probably used in public meals in the Tholos. Much votive materialin upper fill. See also G 12:20 and pp. 23-24. 1, 4, 8, 38, 59, 95, 108, 115, 132, 159, 160, 638-640, 642, 644, 647, 649, 701, 705, 707, 712, 778, 780, 781, 785, 786, 965, 985, 1026, 1051, 1069, 1463; comparanda to 1, 634, 645, 868, 870, 975, 980, 1409, 1466, 1470. AgoraIV, p. 238; X, pp. 67, 137; XII, p. 389; XXI, p. 97; XXIII, p. 331; XXVI, p. 307; XXX, p. 362; Pollitt 1979, p. 217 (deposit X); Rotroff 1984b, pp. 343-351, pl. 67:c, f. F 12:3. Originally a well, 23.10 m. deep, but after it had been in use for a short time the shaft was partially filled in and the upper part widened to form a large cistern. LowerFill. Small amount of material accumulatedat bottom of well during use; sealed by deposit of some 7.00 m. of dug bedrock, thrown in to fill well to level of bottom of new cistern. Corinthian B stamped amphora handle from this fill dates in last quarter of 4th century or first quarter of 3rd (SS 3016 [Koehler 1978b, no. 491, p. 266, pi. 53]). Pottery is closely similar to that in F 11:2. A single Byzantine sherd must be a chance intrusion. 467, 641, 859, 868; comparanda to 6, 38, 45, 50, 55, 101, 705, 779, 971, 1467, 1470. MiddleFill. 1.00 m. of fill at bottom of cistern chamber, its objects approximatelycontemporary with material from Koroni; sealed in by a thick (6.00 m.), sterile, bedrock layer. Fragment of public measure (P 22024 [AgoraX, DM 58, p. 54, pl. 34]). 24, 117, 702, 1724; comparanda to 68, 651, 1129. UpperFill. In upper 2.00 m. of cistern, continues to middle of 3rd century or perhaps beyond. 19, 21, 32, 223; comparanda to 466, 905. AgoraIV, p. 238; X, p. 67; XII, p. 389; XXI, p. 97; Pollitt 1979, p. 217 (deposit XI); Rotroff 1984b, p. 345. G 11:4. Shallow (4.30 m.) drawshaftapparentlydug at the time when F 12:3 was converted into a cistern; waste from its excavation possibly used to help fill lower part of F 12:3. No independently datable objects, but the fairly small amount of material is about contemporarywith that in F 11:2 and lower fill ofF 12:3. It also contained objects probablyfrom the Tholos and can thereforebe associatedwith the Tholos Disaster: public measure (P 6209 [AgoraX, DM 64, p. 54, pl. 14]); two inscribed rooftiles (A 597, A 598 [H. A. Thompson 1940, pp. 78-79, note 56]); and two inscriptions (I 3059, I 3060 [Lewis 1975, no. 18, p. 392, pl. 87; AgoraXIX, PA1, p. 141 = Crosby 1957, S8, F 11:2 (+) F 12:3 (+)

Well Well and Cistern

DEPOSIT SUMMARIES

450

pp. 19-20, pl. 3]). Filled slightlylater than F 11:2: kantharosfoot (P 25304) is comparable to kantharoifrom Koroni, and deposit contains fragment of small angular kantharos (P 25303), a shape absent from F 11:2 and lower fill of F 12:3. 492, 648, 817; comparanda to 867, 996, 1050. AgoraX, p. 67; XII, p. 391; XXV, p. 164; XXX, p. 363; Rotroff 1984b, p. 345. F12:3

See F 11:2

F 12:7 (+)

Drawshaft

Hellenistic and modern

Connected by long tunnel to another chamber that had been used as cesspool in modern times. Mainly Hellenistic fill dumped into redug drawshaft in 19th century (ten 19th-century coins). Pottery mostly 3rd century, including Rhodian stamped amphora handle of third quarter of century (SS 2663, fabricant Damonikos; see DelosXXVII, p. 304, under E 12), but with late-lst-century coin (B-207: AgoraXXVI, variety 152; cf. Svoronos, pl. 80:37-43). 1674. AgoraXXIII, p. 331. F 13:1 Pyre With Type 29 B lamp (L 1727 [AgoraIV, no. 415, p. 96, pls. 15, 41]). 224, 225.

Ca. 250

F 13:3 (+) Well 150-86 Upper Fill [POU and Dump] Well in courtyardof Poros Building, 21.45 m. deep. Evidence for 4th-century use (the Lower Fill ofAgoraXII) consists of a few 4th-century fragmentsfound at bottom, mixed with late Hellenistic. Water jars and whole pots identify lowest 4.50 m. as use fill. Dumped fill above, containing evidence of burning and, in its upper part, many roof tiles, probably to be associated with destruction of Poros Building. Amphora handles suggest differentiationbetween the two fills: none of eight handles from POU is later than ca. 100, while two of approximatelyfifty Knidian handles in dump fill date to ca. 88. This may, however, only be a result of the larger sample present in the dump fill. No differenceswere noted in the pottery at the time of excavation, and records of depth at which vessels were found were not kept in most cases. The two amphora handles of ca. 88 suggest a connection with Sulla; but it is odd, in this case, that the well contained only one semiglazed fragment. Note, however, that the deposit was severely weeded; by the excavator'saccount, over 90 percent of the pottery was discarded, and the remnant may not be representative. 611, 932, 946, 1135-1137, 1338, 1381, 1543, 1640, 1644, 1704, 1722, 1744; comparanda to 592, 607, 935, 1338, 1541, 1729. AgoraX, p. 67; XXII, p. 100; XXIII, p. 331. Cistern F 15:2 (+) 150-110 (Group E) Lower date suggested by absence of stamped amphora handles of duoviriperiod. 402, 513, 684-687, 691, 692, 762, 763, 810, 811, 839-841, 904, 928-931, 933, 947, 1041, 1043, 1105, 1122, 1156, 1196, 1239, 1273, 1328, 1503, 1506, 1507, 1582, 1594, 1603, 1611, 1612, 1631; comparanda to 402, 533, 686, 810, 811, 839, 929, 947, 961, 964, 1041, 1122, 1235, 1273, 1281. AgoraIV, p. 238; XII, p. 390; XXII, pp. 100, 110; XXV, p. 164; pottery fully published in H. A. Thompson 1934, pp. 392-427; D. B. Thompson 1965, pp. 50-53; Grace 1985, p. 37; Rotroff 1987a, p. 192; Rotroff 1987b, p. 6; Dilos XXVII, p. 322. Well F 15:3 Roman Upper fill Well 14.00 m. deep cut through arm of cistern system to which E 15:2, E 15:7, and F 15:2 (Group E) belong (easternmost of two wells labeled "late well" in H. A. Thompson 1934, p. 393, fig. 81). Small use fill at bottom (3rd century after Christ),with late Roman dump above.

DEPOSIT SUMMARIES

451

Dump contained a few Hellenistic objects. Some probably derive from 2nd-century fill of cistern arm, but others are later (e.g. L 1295, Type 54 C). 438, 1552. AgoraXXII, p. 100. F 16:1 (+)

Demeter Cistern Lower Fill 350-290, with 2nd- and Ist-century disturbance Fourth-centurydeposit overlaid by late Roman upper fill. Single coin of double-bodied owl issue of 340's/330's-322 (ET-194: AgoraXXVI, variety 43; cf. Svoronos, pl. 22:41). Most pottery dates in second half of 4th century, with a few pieces possibly in earliest years of 3rd. Disturbance indicated by fragment of mid-3rd-century Hellenistic angular kantharos, rim of moldmade bowl, shoulder of West Slope amphora, late Hellenistic Mottled Oliver lid fragment. 82, 128, 636, 703, 966, 1050, 1052, 1064, 1409; comparanda to 39, 152, 857, 968, 994, 1408. AgoraIV, p. 238; X, p. 67; XII, p. 390; XXI, p. 98; H. A. Thompson 1934, p. 317, under A 7 ("cistern at the foot of the Areopagus");D. B. Thompson 1954, pp. 87-107; Stella G. Miller 1974, pp. 194-198, fig. 1, pl. 35; Rotroff 1983, p. 263; Rotroff 1987a, pp. 184-185. F 16:6

325-275 Rectangular Shaft fill in shaft 4.55 m. deep. CorinthianA amphora (P 26427) suggestsclosing date in 3rd century. Single rectangular Fragment of Type 25 D' lamp (cf. AgoraIV, no. 353, p. 80 = Young 1951b, no. 13:1, p. 129, pl. 52:a); note that the Type 25 D' lamps published inAgoraIV all come from depositslaid down in the 3rd century (B 19:6, C 17:2, F 5:2, G 13:4 [Group A], O 20:3, I/II). 121, 1438; comparanda to 973. AgoraIV, p. 238; XII, p. 390; XXX, p. 362. F 16:8 (+)

Menon's Cistern and Well 325-275 Well shaft dug through preexisting cistern to depth of 7.40 m. Latest material similar to pottery from Koroni, although a few differences,like large number ofskyphoi, suggestMenon's Cistern may have been filled slightlyearlier. See pp. 24-25. 2, 13, 14, 16, 29, 36, 40, 64, 67, 70, 73, 119, 120, 131, 133, 134, 141, 152-154, 179, 183, 311, 523, 650, 651, 716, 783, 789, 790, 792, 819, 869, 874, 878, 905, 906, 976, 981, 986, 994, 997, 1000, 1018, 1065, 1094, 1095, 1142, 1198, 1200, 1363, 1396, 1668; comparanda to 14-16, 19, 37, 64, 66, 168, 870, 872, 874, 877, 976, 994, 996, 1054, 1056, 1077, 1377, 1409, 1418-1420. Pottery fully published in Stella G. Miller 1974; Pollitt 1979, p. 217 (deposit XII); Rotroff 1983, p. 262; Rotroff 1984b, pp. 346-347; Rotroff 1990a, pp. 176-177. F 17:3 (+)

Well

Lower Fill [POU?] Middle Fill [POU?]

315-260 with a few Mostly 315-225, pieces dating in the last quarter of the 3rd century 13.20 m. deep. Construction dated in third quarterof 4th century by packing of amphoras. Three fills, the upper one early Roman. In lowest 3.00 m. of well were two concentrations of Hellenistic pottery (lower and middle fill), possibly accumulatedduring use, separatedby nearlysterilelayer. There is chronological overlap,but latest objects in middle fill are later than anything in lower fill. LowerFill. Paucity of West Slope (a single fragmentpresent)suggests closing date before mid-3rd century. 186; comparandum to 151. MiddleFill. Much West Slope. Latest objects are small fragmentof kantharosof Incised Wave Group, fragmentary moldmade amphora (455), and one fragment of moldmade bowl. 51, 55-57, 74, 180, 181, 195, 201, 202, 204, 205, 258, 287, 455, 570, 741, 870, 877, 907, 910, 913, 1027, 1085, 1320, 1368; comparanda to 55-57, 870, 1749. AgoraXII, p. 390; XXI, p. 98.

DEPOSIT SUMMARIES

452 F 17:4 (+)

Cistern

F 19:2 (+)

Cistern

F 19:3 (+)

Well

Mostly 225-190, with a few later pieces Cistern with long tunnel and drawshaft.Dump from terracottaworkshop. FulminatingZeus coin provides terminus postquemof at least ca. 190(00-1524; cf. Svoronos,pi. 81:17-31). Absence of unguentariawith solid stems argues for date of deposit very shortlythereafter.There are linksto the materialin E 5:2 (hemisphericalcups with roulettingare very common in both), and several bowls and plates bear same stamps as vessels from P 21:4, E 14:1, G 14:2 (middle fill), and E 5:2. Like 0 16:3 and P 21:4, the cistern contained large numbers of baggy kantharoi of the Incised Wave Group. Much of the pottery is battered and fragmentaryand possibly lay elsewhere for some time before it was thown into the cistern. Single fragment of long-petal bowl of early type may be early forerunner of the class or an intrusion. Disturbance is suggested by one late Hellenistic and one Roman coin (note that this parallels the situation in P 21:4). 267, 325, 355, 356, 375, 465, 584, 589, 894, 895, 919, 1100; comparanda to 267, 270, 665, 744, 801, 896, 917,923, 942, 1391. AgoraXXII, p. 100. 3rd century Upper Fill Fourth-centurylower fill; Hellenistic fill in upper 1.30 m. One coin dating ca. 322/317-307 (ITr-196:AgoraXXVI, variety 46; cf. Svoronos, pl. 24:51-57) and one coin of Antigonos Gonatas, 277-239 (rr-195; cf. McClean II, 3599-3606). Single fragment ofmoldmade bowl. 315,590. AgoraIV, p. 238; X, p. 67; XII, p. 390; XXI, p. 98; XXX, p. 362. Lower Fill

Sullan destruction debris (115-86) with a few early Roman pieces

Shallow (2.47 m.) well, probably unfinished: two fills. Concentration of immediatelypre-Sullanstamped amphora handles (seeAgoraXXII) suggestslower fill is primarily debris of 86, with a few early Roman pieces (Pompeian red ware, Eastern Sigillata B [ESB]). Small fill in upper 0.35 m. (no inventoried objects)may be contemporary. 694, 850, 1241, 1278, 1516, 1575, 1578, 1588; comparanda to 694, 1575. AgoraXXI, p. 98; XXII, p. 100; D6losXXVII, p. 381. F 19:6 (+) Well 110-40 Unfinished well shaft 1.58 m. deep. Terminal date of mid- 1st century or later provided by late Knidian amphora (SS 9461; see Delos XXVII, p. 354, under E 220), Roman thin-walled vessel (P 31936; cf. Moevs 1973, no. 130, p. 273, pls. 12, 62), and Type 52 E lamps (L 3744 [AgoraIV, no. 728, pp. 187-188], L 3745). 532; comparanda to 694, 951, 1629. AgoraIV, p. 239; X, p. 67; XXII, p. 100; XXVI, p. 307; Dilos XXVII, p. 381. G 5:3 (+)

Bone Well

Lower Fill

175-150, with a few pieces dating earlier in the 2nd century Partiallyexcavated to 20.05 m. Two fills, the upper one Byzantine. Overflow passage at top connecting to cistern with Byzantine and late Roman fills (G 5:2). Lower fill contained bones of many infants and dogs (Angel 1945, nos. 115, 116, p. 311). Latest amphora handle dates 167-146 (see AgoraXXII). 372, 400, 531, 592, 676, 806, 900, 939, 945, 949, 1033, 1036, 1103, 1117, 1195, 1205, 1206, 1745. AgoraXI, pp. 168-169; XII, p. 390; XXII, p. 100; Shear 1939, pp. 238-239; Grace 1949, no. 8, p. 186; G. R. Edwards 1957, no. 9, p. 339. G 6:2 (+) Cisterns 225-165 (Group C) Two cisterns (G 6:2 and F 6:3)joined by tunnel. Entiresystemfilled up at one time; additional, Byzantine upper fill in western chamber (F 6:3). All objects published here come from eastern chamber (G 6:2).

DEPOSIT SUMMARIES

453

No datable material later than ca. 200, but moldmade bowls suggest deposit in course of second quarter of 2nd century. 423, 500, 942, 1093, 1113, 1519; comparanda to 331, 349, 484, 601, 890. AgoraIV, p. 239; X, p. 67; XII, p. 390; XXII, pp. 100, 109; XXVI, pp. 307-308; pottery fully published in H. A. Thompson 1934, pp. 345-369; Rotroff 1983, pp. 276-278; Grace 1985, p. 36; Rotroff 1987a, p. 186; Rotroff 1987b, p. 6. G 11:1

Cistern 160-140, with Byzantine disturbance Part of same system as F 9:2; labeled "I"on plan in H. A. Thompson 1940, p. 99, fig. 75. Thoroughly disturbedin Byzantine times, when well dug through cistern. Seven complete Knidian amphoras, with stamps, and two stamped handles, most dating in early third quarter of 2nd century. 541; comparanda to 890, 946. AgoraV, p. 125; X, p. 98; H. A. Thompson 1940, p. 101; DulosXXVII, p. 328, under E 69 and p. 366. G 11:4

See F 11:2

G 12:6 Pit 300-250 Concentration of pottery, burning, animal bones, snail shells and seashells, probably a refuse pit. Two Type 23 D lamps. 1734, 1749; comparanda to 19, 21, 1002. G 12:20 (+) Pits in Floor of Tholos 340-295 of loose earth much with an inscribed of stele 367/6 B.C. Layers soft, pottery, (I 5509), ash, and charcoal. If, as H. A. Thompson argues (1940, pp. 59-60, 134-135), this material derives from the Tholos Disaster, it should be contemporarywith the material in F 11:2. Like F 11:2, it contained a large percentage of votive material, mostly pyre saucers and plates and rilled-rim plates. Most of material dates in third quarter of 4th century, with two pieces (plate, kantharos)dating around 300. Comparanda to 1466, 1470. AgoraXII, p. 391; XIX, P5, pp. 76-78, pl. 8; Rotroff 1984b, p. 345. G 12:23

Pit

375-350

Dump of burned refuse in area of Tholos. AgoraIV, p. 239; XII, p. 391; XXI, p. 98; Thompson 1940, pp. 132-134, with selection of pottery illustrated in fig. 98; Corbett 1949, no. 162, p. 345, fig. 1. G 13:3 (+) Pyre Concentration of burning and characteristicpyre pottery,including Type 29 A lamp (L 4077). 1474.

300-250

G 13:4 (+) Lower Fill [POU] Well 325-260, with a few later pieces 275-150 (Group A) Upper Fill 4.45 m. deep with late Roman fill in upper 1.50 m. LowerFill. Use fill. Most pottery comes from fill in lowest 0.45 m. of well. Terminal date based on comparison of latest pieces with material from Koroni. Pottery of widely varied date. Most material probably dates before 260, but bowl with outturned rim (884) and baggy kantharos(263) are later,dating in third and fourth quartersof 3rd century respectively. 5, 17, 148, 185, 232, 263, 283-285, 469, 493, 609, 643, 788, 863, 866, 873, 884, 909, 973, 995, 1421; comparanda to 152, 213, 790, 795, 824, 867, 872, 906, 909, 966, 968, 998, 999, 1315, 1467. UpperFill. Fill lying between 1.50 and 3.00 m. below mouth of well and 1.00 m. above lower fill. Very little material. A plate (656) is contemporary with material in lower fill, but three fragments of moldmade bowls attest date at least as late as last quarter of 3rd century and probably as late as second quarter of 2nd century. 656.

DEPOSIT SUMMARIES

454

AgoraIV, p. 239; X, p. 67; XII, p. 391; XXII, pp. 100, 107-108; pottery fully published in H. A. Thompson 1934, pp. 313-330; Pollitt 1979, p. 217 (deposit XIII); Grace 1985, p. 36; Rotroff 1987b, p. 6; Grandjouan 1989, p. 69. G 13:8 (+) Strosis 150-86 Layer ca. 0.30 m. thick, with much burning. Six coins, the latest dating ca. 130-90 (Z-311, Z-317, Z-319: AgoraXXVI, variety 99; cf. Svoronos, pl. 24:60-68). At least thirteen stamped amphora handles, two of second half of duoviriperiod, in the terms of the Knidian eponyms Agias and Aristokrates(SS 455 [neck with handles, KT 478+1538], SS 456 [KT 482]; cf. Grace 1934, nos. 207, 214, pp. 273-274). Aristokratesis thought to date just before 88, suggesting that the deposit may be Sullan debris, but most of the material is earlier: nine amphora handles of second half of 2nd century and pottery closely similarto that in Group E, with only one or two semiglazed pieces. Small fragment of imitation Ephesos lamp (Type 49 B) is intrusive. 853, 1505. G 14:2 (+)

Well

G 15:2

Well

Middle Fill [POU?] 4th-2nd century 100-70 Upper Fill 24.00 m. deep. Lowest 8.00 m. filled with dump of earth with little pottery,accumulativemiddle fill above. Upper fill in upper 3.00 m. of well, with blockage and 8.50 m. of empty space below. MiddleFill. 4.00 m. of accumulation, with many water jars concentrated in its lowest part (at a depth of 14.0015.50), which dates mostly in 4th century,with occasional 3rd-centurypieces. Material from ca. 14.00 m. is mostly 3rd century; that from ca. 13.00 m. is mostly 2nd century,with some pieces dating near end of century. 114, 324, 330, 453, 540, 568, 571, 572, 578, 829, 881, 889, 1040, 1251, 1322, 1372, 1427, 1439, 1702, 1757; comparanda to 660, 891, 911. UpperFill. Pottery and amphora handles consistent with slightlypost-Sullan deposit date. 535, 1025; comparanda to 694, 952. AgoraIV, p. 240; X, p. 67; XII, p. 391; XXI, p. 98; XXII, p. 101; XXVIII, p. 243; Grandjouan 1989, p. 69. 6th century,with Ist-century disturbance Upper Fill 11.35 m. deep. Small, 6th-century use fill in lowest 1.35 m., with collapsed bedrock and earth fill above, also 6th century. Archaic mixed with Hellenistic in top 1.00 m., with occasional Hellenistic sherds occurring as deep as 5.00 m. Knidian amphora handle of the period 97-88 (eponymAristainos,SS 379 [KT 294]: Grace 1934, no. 171, p. 261; cf. DelosXXVII, E 110, p. 337). 1301. AgoraIV, p. 240; XII, p. 391; XXI, p. 98; XXIII, p. 332. G 17:2

325-300

H 4:1 Pit Shallow pit containing pottery,burning, and tiny fragmentsof bone. Lamps of Types 25 A and 25 A'. Comparanda to 779, 974.

375-325

Deposit Concentration of pottery; no independently datable objects. 80, 102. AgoraXII, p. 391.

H 6:4 (+)

Bronze Head Well 260-210 Rhodian amphora handle gives terminus postquemof ca. 217. Fragmentsbearing same stamps as vessels from P 21:4 and M 21:1. One intrusivelate Roman sherd. 506, 581, 720, 800, 1184; comparanda to 268, 602. AgoraIV, p. 240; XXII, p. 101; Shear 1933a, pp. 453-454; Grace 1934, p. 208.

DEPOSIT SUMMARIES H 6:9 (+)

Cave Cistern: South Chamber Cave Cistern: North Chamber

455

Lower Fill

325-270

Upper Fill Lower Fill

225-160 375-290

325-270 Upper Fill with fills. Lower fill in south chamber contemporary with upper two Two chambers connected by tunnel, each fill in north chamber. North chamber: no independently datable material. LowerFiU: 633; comparanda to 712, 1469. UpperFill: 1202. South chamber: LowerFill. Terminal date indicated by coin dating ca. 270 (A-998 [AgoraXXVI, no. 57g]; cf. Svoronos, pl. 22:76, 77). 34, 45, 646, 654, 717, 979, 982, 1019, 1110, 1131, 1364, 1419, 1420; comparanda to 38, 45, 73, 717, 1409, 1418. UpperFill. Securely dated by twelve stamped amphora handles, the latest dating between 167 and 146, in the term of the Knidian eponym Polychares. AgoraIV, p. 240; X, p. 67; XII, p. 392; XXI, p. 98; XXII, p. 101; XXVI, p. 308; XXX, p. 363; Stillwell 1933, pp. 126-128, 454; H. A. Thompson 1937, pp. 207-208; pottery fully published in Rotroff 1983, pp. 258-276, 283-294. H 12:1 (+) Fill in Great Drain 150-100 Coins and stamped amphora handles of second half of 2nd century. Forother fillsin Great Drain see A-B 19-20: 1, D-E 15:1. 487, 683, 1210, 1799; comparanda to 760. AgoraIV, p. 241; X, p. 67; XXII, pp. 101-102; XXVI, p. 308; H. A. Thompson 1940, pp. 119-121; F. S. Kleiner 1976, pp. 11-15. H 13:1 (+) Well 200-165 Well west of Middle Stoa, 4.80 m. deep. Five Knidian amphora handles, all dating within the period 188-167, and probably before ca. 175; for details see Grace 1985, pp. 37-39, fig. 3. 398, 680; comparandum to 918. DdlosXXVII, p. 324, under E 51. H 14:2 Drain 325-275 Fill in three-meter stretch of drain. Only datable object an owl-left coin of 307-ca. 300 B.C. (K-1654: AgoraXXVI, variety 50; cf. Svoronos, pl. 22:85-88). 157, 174; comparanda to 3, 973, 1049. AgoraXII, p. 393. H 15:2

Well

H 16:1

Well

Byzantine 9.50 m. deep, disturbed at top. Fill mostly early Byzantine, mixed with Hellenistic, early Roman, and Turkish. Comparanda to 1284, 1290. 50 B.C. to early 1st century after Christ

Fill in upper 6.60 m. (not excavated to bottom). Grace (1934, p. 222, under nos. 21-22) mentions two fills, but notebook account and depths at which objects were found suggest a single dumped deposit. Lamps of Types 52 F and 50 B (L 540 [AgoraIV, no. 739, p. 189, pl. 51], L 567) and typical early Roman wares. 1297.

DEPOSIT SUMMARIES

456

H 16:3 (+) Cistern System 320-240 (Group B) An extensive cistern system: south chamber with blind tunnel extending further south (south tunnel); north chamber; drawshaftfurthernorth, from which another blind tunnel extends (north tunnel).Joins between fragments from north chamber and drawshaft; with exception of north tunnel (which contains nothing later than 300), all parts seem to have been filled at the same time. Pieces dating as early as last quarter of 4th century occur also in south tunnel, notably two red-figuredpelikai (P 1104, P 1105 [H. A. Thompson 1934, B 1, B 2, pp. 333-334, post quemof 240 given figs. 13, 14]), and possibly in north chamber, but most material dates after 300. Terminus by nearly complete Rhodian amphora (SS 370). Bulk of pottery is consistent with this dating. Four fragments are later, probably intrusive: 2nd-century plate fragment (from north chamber); small fragment of moldmade bowl of Workshopof Bion, apparently overlookedby Thompson (from drawshaftor tunnel leading to north chamber);two fragmentsof what appears to be handle of large, unglazed, Type 27 D lamp (L 5215) (fromsouth chamber). 47, 61, 66, 68, 89, 112, 170, 192, 408, 409, 737, 972, 1129, 1252, 1667; comparanda to 89, 192, 641, 966, 1341, 1435, 1481. AgoraIV, p. 241; XII, p. 393; XXI, p. 98; XXII, pp. 102, 108; XXVI, p. 309; XXX, p. 364; pottery fully published in H. A. Thompson 1934, pp. 330-347; Grace 1974, p. 194; Pollitt 1979, p. 217 (deposit XIV); Grace 1985, p. 36; Rotroff 1987a, p. 185; Rotroff 1987b, p. 6; Dilos XXVII, pp. 292, 381. Pithos H 16:4 (+) 160-130 (Group D) Amphora handle provides terminus early in third quarter of 2nd century (see Grace 1985, p. 37). The group is remarkablefor its wide range of shapes and severalpieces of high quality that appear to imitate western models. 327, 349, 406, 432, 436, 449, 511, 512, 520, 533, 552, 681, 838, 901,962-964, 1012, 1039, 1155, 1514, 1523, 1533, 1569, 1577, 1601, 1616; comparanda to 613, 890, 926, 1328, 1577, 1784. AgoraIV,p. 241; X, p. 67; XII, p. 393; XXI, p. 98; XXII, pp. 102, 109-110; XXVI, p. 309; pottery fully published in H. A. Thompson 1934, pp. 369-392; D. B. Thompson 1963c, p. 317; Rotroff 1987a, p. 188; Rotroff 1987b, p. 6. H 16:7

Manhole

325-275 Manhole leading to water system. Type 23 D lamp. Early Hellenistic material with one intrusive late Roman coin (K-1751). 83, 87, 1067, 1229, 1370, 1376; comparandumto 39. Grace 1971, p. 78, note 78 (referringto P 27834); Pollitt 1979, XXXVIII:3, p. 223; Rotroff 1984b, pp. 343, 347, 349, pl. 67:a, d. H 17:1

Grave 325-300 Child's grave. Small fragments of bone and two pots found inside bottom of Corinthian B amphora dating in last third of 4th century (P 15407 [Koehler 1978b, no. 250, p. 190, pl. 32]). 9. AgoraXII, p. 393. H 17:5 Fill 375-275, disturbed Fill over cobbled floor. Most of material dates in second and third quartersof 4th century,with a few items of early 3rd century, including coin dating ca. 270 (ET'-715: AgoraXXVI, variety 57; cf. Svoronos, pl. 22:76, 77). Later material includes fragment of moldmade bowl, silver coin of M. Aemelius Scaurus, 58 B.C. (ET'-722; cf. Babelon 1885, p. 120, 8), and Ist-century amphora handle (SS 372 [Grace 1934, no. 251, p. 285]). 142; comparanda to 817. AgoraIV, p. 241; XII, p. 393; XXI, p. 98; Corbett 1955, p. 185, under no. 25. H 17:6

Trench

330-300 Trench in bedrock measuring 4.00 x 0.60 m., 0.60-0.90 m. deep; possibly cutting for wall foundation. Coin of 340's/330's-322 (ET'-631: AgoraXXVI, variety 42, cf. Svoronos, pl. 22:44). 1079; comparandum to 1410. AgoraXII, p. 393.

DEPOSIT SUMMARIES H 18:1 (+) Well Upper Fill Fill in upper 2.00 m. of well 9.65 m. deep. Lower and middle fills of 5th and earlier 4th century. 1066. AgoraXII, p. 393; XXX, p. 364.

457 350-290

350-250 with a few later pieces 5th Stratified fill in rock-cut pit measuring 2.86 x 1.50 m., 0.70 m. deep. Late century at bottom (lower fill), Roman on top (upper fill). One coin of late 4th or early 3rd century (ir-257: AgoraXXVI, varieties [48, 49, 51, 55]; cf. Svoronos, pl. 103:1728). The following date after 250: small fragment of moldmade bowl made in very worn mold; rim of 2nd-century plate. Comparandum to 878. AgoraXII, p. 393; XXX, p. 364. H 19:1 (+)

Pit

Middle Fill

4th century-ca. 180 H-K 12-14 (+) Middle Stoa Building Fill Fill within foundations of Middle Stoa and to south of building. Ca. 1,500 stamped amphora handles dating to ca. 183 or earlier, with a few later pieces clearly intrusive; for analysis of handles see Grace 1985. Occasional disturbances of Roman, Byzantine, and later date. There is also a small amount of late Hellenistic material: five stamped amphora handles (see Grace 1985, p. 22, note 57); five fragments of long-petal bowls; signed lamp base of 1st century (L 5065 [AgoraIV, no. 888, p. 220, pl. 28]). 49, 50, 113, 254, 310, 377-379, 389, 447, 456, 457, 585, 597, 601, 604-606, 608, 620, 623, 625, 674, 706, 727, 731, 750, 826, 830, 831, 835,837, 855, 920, 922, 990, 1007, 1031, 1034, 1045, 1056, 1073, 1138, 1179, 1204, 1213, 1224, 1234, 1246, 1269, 1304, 1325, 1333, 1348, 1351, 1355, 1375, 1380, 1389, 1407, 1414, 1415, 1566, 1580, 1683, 1693, 1717, 1719, 1761, 1793, 1794, 1800, 1802; comparanda to 268, 389, 392, 456, 517,602, 608, 801, 804,817, 833, 920, 922, 1313, 1414, 1415, 1422, 1428, 1607. AgoraIV, pp. 241-242; XII, p. 393; XIV, pp. 66-68; XXII, p. 102; XXIII, p. 333; XXVI, pp. 309-310; XXX, p. 364; Grace 1956a, nos. 9-11, pp. 97, 109; D. B. Thompson 1963c, p. 317; F. S. Kleiner 1975b, pp. 303-311, deposits I, II; E S. Kleiner 1976, pp. 29, 32; Rotroff 1987a, p. 187; Rotroff 1988a; Grandjouan 1989, p. 69; Dtlos XXVII, pp. 290-291, 382. Pithos 175-150 I14:2(+) Pithos settling basin against north wall of "Heliaia", filled in and covered in last stages of grading of area after construction of Middle Stoa. AgoraXXII, p. 102; Grace 1985, pp. 21-24; Rotroff 1988a. 116:1

Well Lower Fill [POU] Roman 26.50 m. deep, with use deposit of 1st to 3rd century after Christ in lowest 6.00 m. Above are another use fill (4th and 5th centuries) and a 7th-century dump. 405. AgoraV, p. 125; VI, p. 99; VII, p. 226; XXI, p. 98; XXIII, p. 333; Grandjouan 1989, p. 70. I 17:5 (+) Drawshaft 3rd century, disturbed Part of extensive cistern system, of which one chamber, three drawshafts,and two blind tunnels were excavated (H 16:2, I 16:6, I 17:4). Filled at various times. Other parts apparently filled in late Hellenistic and early Roman times. Most pottery, including three fragments of moldmade bowls, dates before 200. Later disturbance indicated by Type 37 A lamp (L 599 [AgoraIV, no. 494, p. 118, pls. 18, 44]), Knidian amphora handle of 1st century (SS 349 [Grace 1934, no. 257, p. 286]; see Grace 1956b, p. 151 for date), and fragment of Roman lamp. 188, 333, 991, 1005; comparandum to 735.

DEPOSIT SUMMARIES

458 I-O 15:1

See M-N 15:1

Pyre J 3:2 736, 798; comparanda to 229, 1472. Shear 1984, p. 46, with note 94, pl. 11 :a, b.

Ca.250

late 5th century-300 Lower Accumulation and POU 300-275 POU 275-150 Accumulation Upper Well at bifurcation of Panathenaic Way and West Road. Byzantine fill (9th-lO0thcentury) in upper 5.70 m. with a series of Classical to Hellenistic accumulations below, to depth of 13.40 m. Analysis at the time of excavation and immediately thereafterresultedin the division of the materialinto nine units, numberedfrom top to bottom, that is, in the order in which they were dug. Although this is not consistent with the numbering of layers elsewhere in these summaries, the numbers have been retained to avoid confusion within the Agora records, as well as for ease of reference in the Catalogue. These smaller units have been grouped into what appear to be three main deposits. LowerAccumulation (Sanctuary Dump). Levels V-IX: 9.40-13.10 m. Dumped material probably from nearby CrossroadsSanctuary and from cavalry office. Hundreds of pots and other votive objects, as well as twenty-six lead cavalry tablets and several clay sealings of the hipparch Pheidon (Kroll 1977a, p. 84). IX: 13.10-13.40 m. Very fragmentarymaterial of late 5th and early 4th centuries. VIII: 11.80-13.10 m. Mid-4th century and slightly thereafter.A few waterjars attest to a POU. Amphora handle of ca. 350-340 (SS 14770), with parallel in 0 18:2 (cf. SS 8211). Earlier series of cavalry tablets and sealings occur mostly in this level, with a few in lower part of VII. VII: 10.20-11.80 m. The beginning of the accumulation of large numbers of whole pots: over 150 inventoried vessels. Stamped amphora handle comparable to one in 0 18:2 (SS 14771; cf. SS 8210; see Grace 1979b, p. 126). 150, 631, 777, 816, 1408, 1460; comparanda to 704, 1398, 1408, 1756. VI: 10.05-10.20 m. Transitionalfill, with joins to VII below and V above. 37, 94, 1077, 1392, 1408, 1460; comparanda to 103, 1408. V: 9.40-10.05 m. Over 150 inventoried vessels. Last quarter of 4th century, with four later fragments: West Slope fragment; kantharos stem (ca. 275); Hellenistic angular kantharos handle; mid-3rd-century lamp (L 5702; cf. L 1929 [AgoraIV, no. 424, p. 99, pls. 15, 41, Type 31]). All but the first come from upper part of level. 6, 7, 37, 41-43, 53, 94, 96, 98, 103, 104, 129, 164, 168, 473, 502, 856, 980, 983, 1163, 1166, 1167, 1169, 1393, 1394, 1410, 1417, 1756; comparanda to 2, 7, 43, 54, 96, 101, 107, 128, 980, 1410, 1417. POU. Level IV: 8.95-9.40 m. Brief period of use attested by parts of thirteen waterjars. Fewer bones than were found at other levels. Little other pottery. First quarterof 3rd century. 184, 503, 1128. UpperAccumulation.Levels III-II: 5.70-8.95 m. Accumulation from 275-150, with much smaller amounts of pottery. III: 7.70-8.95 m. Many bones and dump of eighty-five cavalry tablets (see Kroll 1977a, pp. 84-85) suggest well was out of use and serving as refuse dump. Three coins of Antigonos Gonatas, 277-239 B.C. (Br-852, Br-854, Br-855; cf. McClean II, 3594-3608). Kroll's study of the tablets, along with a similar, but larger, contemporary dump from the Dipylon Well (Braun 1970, pp. 198-269), suggeststhe latest date no earlierthan 240, very possiblyten or fifteen years later. 44, 189, 199, 227, 228, 1112; comparandumto 999. II: 5.70-7.70 m. Two amphora handles, one datable before ca. 188 by the Knidian eponym Poliouches (SS 14759 [KT 955]; see Grace 1985, p. 16 and p. 47, under no. 6), the other probably contemporary (SS 14763 [KT 1410]). Pottery mostly first half of 2nd century, including three small fragments of moldmade bowls (e.g. P 29298), with many small fragments of Classical material and many bones. Pieces of bronze equestrian statue (B 1382-B 1386, B 1627-B 1629, B 1634-B 1636), probably Demetrios Poliorketesand, if so, historical considerationssuggest discard in 201 (Shear 1973, pp. 165-168; Kroll 1977a, p. 102; Houser 1982, pp. 229-238; Houser 1987, pp. 267-272). A few fragments of Byzantine coarse ware near top, intrusivefrom Byzantine fill above. 399, 1404; comparandum to 680. AgoraXXVIII, p. 243; Shear 1973, pp. 130-134; Kroll 1977a; Kroll 1977b; Rotroff 1990a, p. 176, pl. 24:1.

J 5:1 (+)

CrossroadsWell

DEPOSIT SUMMARIES

459

Fill 400-325 J 11:1 Fill in irregular depression in bedrock. Many stamped amphora handles (Thasian, Corcyrean, Sinopean, and unclassified), including a Sinopean handle of Grakov's Group II, which begins in third quarter of 4th century (SS 11354; see Grace 1985, p. 21, note 52). Corinthian B amphora handle possibly dates as late as end of century (SS 11353 [Koehler 1978b, no. 539, p. 281, pl. 56]). Disturbance indicated by Knidian amphora handle naming the eponym Sokrates, ca. 190-180 (SS 11348 [KT 625]). Comparandum to 1435. AgoraXII, p. 394; XXX, p. 364; Grace 1956b, pp. 132-133, under no. 29 in reference to SS 11346; Grace 1971, pp. 63-64, notes 26, 31, p. 78, note 66; Grace 1979b, p. 126; Pollitt 1979, pp. 217-218 (deposit XVI); Grandjouan 1989, p. 70. Fill 350-270 J 12:3 Fill in cutting in bedrock. Corinthian B stamped amphora handle may date after 300 (SS 1536 [Koehler 1978b, no. 564, p. 288, pl. 58]). Fragment of Panathenaic amphora dated by archon to 316/15 (P 2106 [AgoraXXIII, no. 296, p. 139, pl. 32]). 1772. AgoraXII, p. 394; XXIII, p. 333; XXX, p. 364; Grandjouan 1989, p. 70. Well Lower Fill [POU] J 18:7 8.75 m. deep, with small use fill in lowest 0.30 m. and Byzantine dump above. Comparandum to 1419. AgoraXII, p. 394. K 6:2

Fill

400-350

350-325

Sandy fill west of Altar of the Twelve Gods, with animal bones, metal waste, and much pottery. Comparandum to 777. AgoraX, p. 67; Crosby 1949, p. 99; Lang 1956, no. 90, p. 21. K 7:1 (+) Fill 275-200 Fill in area north of Temple of Ares, with mostly coarse pottery,including many stamped amphora handles. The latest eponym named is the Rhodian Agloumbrotos (SS 4494, last quarter of 3rd century). The Rhodian fabricant Aristion (SS 4511) is associated with eponyms dating in the period 210-199 (Grace 1985, p. 40); the Rhodian fabricantDamokrates (SS 4475) is thought to have ceased production in ca. 185 and was active in the late 3rd century (ibid.,pp. 8-10). 1359; comparandum to 583. AgoraXXI, F 102, p. 43, pl. 20; DelosXXVII, p. 302, under E 1 (in both cases referredto by old name, K 6-7:1). K 9-10:1

Fill

K 14:1

Pit

Roman Fill of reddish earth west of Odeion. Mainly 1st century after Christ, with later disturbance. Some Ist-centuryB.C. material, including thirteen post-Sullan New Style bronze coins and ten late Knidian amphora handles. Comparanda to 1800, 1801. AgoraVI, p. 99; VII, p. 226; XXVI, p. 311; XXVIII, p. 243; H. A. Thompson 1953, p. 42; Kroll 1973, no. 2, p. 324.

Contents of pit range from Mycenaean to Turkish;apparentlythe dump of a modern antiquities dealer. 1330. AgoraXII, p. 394; XXIII, p. 333; XXX, p. 364; A. D. Ure 1962, pp. 369-377.

Modern

DEPOSIT SUMMARIES

460 K 18:2 (+)

260-190

Cistern

Latest of thirteen stamped amphora handles dated ca. 199 by Rhodian eponym Kratidas (SS 7085 [Grace 1956a, pp. 107-108, pl. XI:4, 6]). Twelve legible coins, the latest dating ca. 196-190 (T-186 [AgoraXXVI, no. 79g]; cf. Svoronos, pl. 81:9-16). Three intrusivepieces: two semiglazed fragmentsand piece of early Roman bowl. 380. AgoraXXVI, p. 311; Grace 1956a, p. 95; D. B. Thompson 1963c, p. 317; Rotroff 1987a, p. 191. Mainly 300-250, with some earlier material as well as later intrusions

K-L 18-20:1 (+) Drain

Fill in east and west branches of a drain; northerly extension of drain contained Roman material. One coin of 307-ca. 300 (AA-37: AgoraXXVI, variety 50; cf. Svoronos, pl. 22:85-88). Corinthian B stamped amphora handle probably dates in late 4th century or first third of 3rd century (SS 9543 [Koehler 1978b, no. 458, p. 257, pl. 52]). Type 29 A lamp (L 3979) supports 3rd-century date. Two fragments of semiglazed bowls with everted rim (late 2nd century?) intrusivein west branch. More extensive disturbancein east branch indicated by fragmentsof dipper, 2nd-century plate, at least five moldmade bowls (e.g. P 16643 [AgoraXXII, no. 7, p. 45, pl. 2]), Roman lamp. East branch: 471, 524, 1680, 1713. West branch: 23, 25, 97, 194, 220, 820, 1230, 1401, 1411; comparandum to 898. AgoraXII, p. 394; XXX, p. 364; Pollitt 1979, p. 218 (deposit XVII). L 17:5

Pyre Concentration of pottery and burning in a floor level, probably a sacrificialpyre. 28, 1450; comparanda to 1467, 1471, 1489.

L 17:7 (+)

290-275

310-220

Cistern

postquemof third quarter of 3rd century. One small fragment of moldmade bowl. Amphora handles give terminus 1768. 259, 420, 1337, AgoraXII, p. 394; XXII, p. 103; Kopcke 1964, no. 204, p. 45 (P 26052); Pollitt 1979, p. 221 (deposit XXXI). 260-200 Lower Fill 200-140? Fill Upper Cistern partially destroyed by digging of rectangular shaft. Earlier fill in lower part of cistern; later fill in shaft and upper part of cistern. Passage leading east may have connected with another chamber. LowerFill. Coin of ca. 229-224 at bottom of cistern (AA-63 [AgoraXXVI, no. 68h]; cf. Svoronos, pl. 25:5-10). None of the amphora handles date after ca. 200 (note correction to AgoraXXII, where SS 9542, dating to ca. 198, from upper fill, was mistakenlyassigned to lower fill). Five fragmentsof a single moldmade bowl. 206, 207. postquemof 167-150. Long-petal UpperFill. Latest coins date in early 2nd century; amphora handles give terminus bowls occur only in the upper fill. There are fragments of at least three, but this is a small percentage of the total, suggestingdeposit only slightly after mid-2nd century. The Type 35 B lamp, however,if not intrusive,would push the terminal date beyond the end of the century (L 4038 [AgoraI, no. 474, p. 112, pls. 17, 43]). 1158. AgoraXXII, p. 103; XXVI, p. 312. L 19:2 (+)

Cistern and Rock-cut Shaft

M 18:1

Well

Construction Fill

100-75

Well 16.60 m. deep containing a single Roman fill. Hellenistic construction fill mainly of amphoras (132 inventoried)used as packing between well tiles and bedrock. Knidian handles date to duoviriperiod, the latest falling in the terms of the eponyms Agias and Aristainos, dating ca. 97-88 (SS 7445 [neck with two handles, KT 478, I and KT 1538], SS 7373 [KT 1508]; see Delos XXVII, pp. 340-341, under E 131, E 134, E 135). Many of the amphoras bear Latin stamps and probably date early in 1st century (Will, Type 10; see McCann et al. 1987, p. 204). 1784.

461

DEPOSIT SUMMARIES

AgoraV, p. 125; VI, p. 99; VII, p. 226; XXI, p. 99; Dtlos XXVII, p. 322 and pp. 338, 340, 341, under E 115, E 116, E 131, E 134, and pp. 383-384. Fill 115-90 M18:2(+) Fill in irregular hollow. Thirteen Knidian stamped amphora handles, mostly of second half of 2nd century, the latest dating slightly after the turn of 2nd to 1st century (SS 6998 [KT 1488], naming duoviriof the term of the eponym Dionysios; cf. DelosXXVII, E 142-E 144, pp. 342-343). Pottery resembles Sullan debris, but lack of late duovirihandles suggests deposit slightly predates the sack. 1253, 1672, 1686, 1770; comparandum to 377. AgoraXXIII, p. 333; Rotroff 1987a, pp. 192-193. M 18:3 Grave Burial of second half of 4th century after Christ. 1250. AgoraVI, p. 99; VII, p. 226; Shear 1938, pp. 353-355 (terracottasfrom the grave).

Roman

M 18:5 Drain Trench? Fill in narrow trench, possibly a robbed-out drain. 155; comparanda to 973, 1411. AgoraXII, p. 394; Pollitt 1979, p. 218 (deposit XVIII).

325-300

M 18:10 (+)

225-175

Well

7.60 m. deep. Latest amphora handle names the Rhodian eponym Athanodotos, now dated ca. 183 (SS 14296; see Grace 1985, pp. 8-11 and note 19). Some black-glazed fragments bear same stamps as vessels in P 21:4 and H-K 12-14. Most unguentaria have solid stems. 218, 308, 336, 338, 518, 530, 538, 728, 753, 832, 938, 948, 1130, 1201, 1331, 1346, 1347, 1385; comparanda to 193, 517, 919, 924, 1011. AgoraXII, p. 395; XXI, p. 99; XXII, p. 103; XXVI, p. 312; D. B. Thompson 1963c, p. 317; D. B. Thompson 1965, p. 50; Rotroff 1987a, p. 191. M 20:1 (+)

Cistern

Lower [POU] and Middle Fills

Sullan destruction debris (115-86)

Two Hellenistic fills, with late Hellenistic to Roman fill above. Lower,use fill (waterjars) contemporarywith dumped middle fill, with a few joins between the two. Five stamped amphora handles and one coin are immediately pre-Sullan. LowerFill: 521; comparanda to 611-613, 1193, 1784. MiddleFill: 301, 442, 452, 549, 576, 695-698, 769, 846, 848, 849, 1013, 1042, 1120, 1123, 1190, 1242, 1257, 1258, 1282, 1306, 1512, 1527, 1529, 1530, 1532, 1534, 1536, 1541, 1554, 1555, 1558, 1562, 1591, 1596, 1677, 1782; comparanda to 951, 952, 956. AgoraIV, p. 242; V, p. 125; X, p. 67; XXII, p. 103; Grace 1956a, no. 4, pp. 95, 104; DdlosXXVII, p. 381. M 20:4 (+)

Well Lower Fill 225-175 excavated to of 8.00 m. Turkish fill in 3.00 m. Hellenistic fill mostly of roof tiles and coarse Partially depth upper pottery. Type 43 B lamp (L 3215). 265, 1101. M 21:1 (+)

Komos Cistern

250-175 Terminus postquemof ca. 186 provided by Rhodian amphora handle naming the eponym KallikratidasII (SS 10286; see Grace 1985, pp. 8-9); slightly later hoard of Histiaian coins possibly intrusive. Much of debris comes from Workshopof Bion, manufacturerof pottery and terracottafigurines. Moldmade bowls closely paralleled in upper fill of N 21:4. Stamps on wheelmade pottery paralleled in P 21:4.

DEPOSIT SUMMARIES

462

147, 163, 253, 255, 256, 281, 307, 328, 346, 370, 373, 392, 413, 480, 481, 494, 525, 529, 558, 561, 580, 583, 598, 624, 664, 673, 675, 743, 745, 746, 751, 752, 804, 825, 899, 921, 923, 1006, 1011, 1098, 1108, 1132, 1181, 1272, 1307, 1324, 1335, 1388, 1390, 1498, 1499, 1524, 1570, 1637, 1645, 1679, 1705, 1781; comparanda to 193, 328, 458, 459, 515-517, 525, 661, 723, 727, 884, 889, 890, 894-896, 923, 938, 1008, 1009, 1414. AgoraIV, p. 242; V, p. 125; XII, p. 395; XXI, p. 99; XXII, p. 103; XXVI, p. 312; H. A. Thompson 1948, pp. 160-161; D. B. Thompson 1963b; Rotroff 1987a, p. 186; D6losXXVII, p. 381. M 23:1 Cistern 100-75 Most pottery found in main chamber. Tunnels lead to east and northwest,the latter to a second chamber with little material. Two post-Sullan stamped amphora handles establish terminus postquemin years after 86. Main chamber: 764, 1044, 1259, 1760; comparandumto 1784. Northwest chamber: 488. AgoraXXII, p. 104; DelosXXVII, p. 381. M-N 15:1 (+)

South Stoa II Building Fill

I-O 15:1 (+)

Fill within South Stoa II

To ca. 150, with considerable Classical material To at least ca. 140, with some Ist-century material

Various fills associated with the building were excavated. The following are some, but not all, of those deposits. M-N 15:1. Fills directly associatedwith or anterior to construction of Stoa. 1. Fill in wide footing trench south of south (back)wall of Stoa (fine ware stored in lots T 125, T 126, envelope in T 126, T 128-T 135, T 137-T 148, T 682-T 688). Coins included in E S. Kleiner 1975b, pp. 318-319, deposit VI (M-N 15:1, PartI); among them one coin of a type not present in fillsof Middle Stoa or Stoa of Attalos and thought to date in the 140's (T-1 194 [ibid.,no. 266, p. 319; AgoraXXVI, no. 88c]; cf. Svoronos,pl. 22:53, 54); this coin, however, was not listed in the field notebook by the excavatoras coming from the fill in question. Fifty-nine stamped amphora handles, all dating before ca. 150. Out of a minimum of ca.200 moldmade bowls, only a single tiny fragmentmight be of the long-petal variety. 1212, 1215, 1688, 1774; comparanda to 412, 1761. 2. Destruction debris of South Stoa I (Lots T 171, T 173, T 187, T 210 [env. A], T 219, T 221, T 226, T 229, T 239-T 241, T 248, T 253, T 264, T 598, T 613). Sixty-six identifiable coins published in E S. Kleiner 1975b, pp. 320-323, deposit VII (M-N 15:1, Part II); one is of a type that does not appear in fills of Middle Stoa or Stoa of Attalos and is dated by Kroll ca. 140-90 (T-1377 [ibid.,no. 324, p. 322]: AgoraXXVI, variety 105; cf. Svoronos, p. 107:36-41). No long-petal bowls. 309, 603, 1182, 1345, 1715. 3. Latestfloorsof South Stoa I. Twenty identifiablecoins publishedin F.S. Kleiner 1975b, pp. 323-324, depositVIII (M-N 15:1, PartIII);none is later than those in buildingfillsof Middle Stoa and Stoa of Attalos. No long-petal bowls. 4. Fill of terrace south of Stoa, thrown in to bring up the level after construction was completed. Much of area is disturbed. Fine ware from undisturbedareas stored in lots T 156, T 162, T 163, T 205-T 209. Coins not included in Kleiner's study. No long-petal bowls in undisturbedlots. 320, 427, 534, 539, 577, 588, 607, 944, 1032, 1074, 1170, 1172, 1178, 1183, 1607, 1710; comparanda to 887, 890, 939. I-0 15:1. Five trenches dug across Stoa at varying distances from its east end: 1.00-7.00 m., 18.40-21.40 m., 46.60-48.60 m., 51.00-53.00 m., and 79.00-81.00 m. Pottery from the various layers ranges from Hellenistic to 4th century after Christ. Layers that concern us are the following: 1. Pottery from levels identified by excavator as construction fill (lots ME 339, T 560, T 563, T 567, T 593). Only firmly identifiable coin is ME-294 (AgoraXXVI, variety 108; cf. Svoronos, pl. 107:60-69), not included in Kleiner's study,now dated by Kroll ca. 140-90. The only amphora handles associatedwith the building fill that date after the middle of the 2nd century were found in these trenches, within the Stoa. These are SS 6579 (KT 122) naming the eponym Philippos and SS 6585 (KT 971; cf. DelosXXVII, E 74, p. 329) naming the eponym Diokles. These are the two handles cited as the latest in the South Stoa II Building Fill (M-N 15:1) in AgoraXXII; they date slightly after 146. Two of the lots (ME 339, T 560) contained even later material: two semiglazed everted bowls (late 2nd century or later) and a Mottled Oliver lid (after 86). These are two of the only three lots identified

DEPOSIT SUMMARIES

463

as building fill that contained long-petal bowls (fourof the ten fragmentsin these lots), and, like the other late pottery, they are likely to be part of an intrusion. The third lot (T 593) contained a single long-petal bowl fragment but no clear evidence of intrusion. Eugene Vanderpool observedwhile excavatingin the building in 1936 that materialof the 1st century was found in and under the floor of the Stoa at its west end, but this pottery was apparently not saved. The terminal date would seem to be ca. 140, with lst-century disturbance, possibly in connection with the drain trench discussed below. In view of this, the South Stoa II Building Fill is not a very useful context for the dating of the introductionof long-petal bowls, nor, conversely,is the presence of the long-petal bowls of use for dating the construction of the Stoa. 757. 2. Pottery from trench 1.10 m. wide cut in bedrock along inner edge of back wall of Stoa. At some points trench contained a stone-builtdrain. Lots T 594 and, where drain is in place, ME 340 (abovedrain)and ME 341 and T 565 (in drain). Latest amphora handles in drain trench, like others inside Stoa, date in third quarter of 2nd century: SS 14594, naming the Rhodian eponym Timodikos, fromlot T 594 and, in the drain (lot T 565), SS 14421 (KT 972), naming the Knidian eponym Dionysios. Some parts of trench, however, contained later material: e.g. ESA plate in lot T 594 (P 27615). Again, apparentlyto ca. 140, with later disturbance. Robbing of drain provideslikely source of disturbance. 593, 1621. Conclusive dating must await full study of the Stoa and all the associated material. It currently appears that the building fill proper dates before the middle of the 2nd century, while fills and floors within the building are later and much disturbed. AgoraXIV, p. 68; XXII, p. 104; XXIII, p. 334; XXV, p. 164; XXVI, pp. 312-313; XXX, p. 365; D. B. Thompson 1963c, p. 317; E S. Kleiner 1975b, pp. 319-325 (deposits VI-VIII); E S. Kleiner 1976, pp. 29, 32; Pollitt 1979, p. 221 (deposit XXXII); Rotroff 1987a, p. 188; Grandjouan 1989, p. 70; DelosXXVII, p. 382. M-N 18:1 Drawshaft Lower Fill Connected by tunnel to N 18:3. Byzantine upper fill. ESA, late Hellenistic lamps, and thin-walledware suggest deposit around middle of 1st century. 451, 1700. AgoraXXII, p. 104.

100-50

Fill N 16:2 350-290 Fillin rectangularcutting. Two Thasian amphorahandles and a stampedshoulderfragmentdate within 4th century (SS 13197, SS 13198, SS 13200). 1047; comparandum to 998. AgoraXII, p. 395; Lang 1956, no. 48, p. 11; Pollitt 1979, p. 218 (deposit XIX); Grandjouan 1989, p. 70. N 18:3 (+)

Cistern Mostly 225-190 Connected by tunnel to M-N 18:1. Terminus postquemof ca. 196-190 providedby coin X-101 (AgoraXXVI, no. 79h; cf. Svoronos,pl. 81:9-16). Bowls and plates share stampswith vesselsfrom N 21:4, E 14:1, F 17:4, G 14:2 (middlefill), E 14:6, H 19:1. No unguentaria with solid stems. 261, 302, 801, 898, 1009, 1134, 1327; comparanda to 919, 921, 1010, 1414. AgoraIV, p. 242; X, p. 68; XII, p. 395; XXII, p. 104; XXVI, p. 313; D. B. Thompson 1962, p. 246, note 10. N 19:1 (+)

Cistern

Lower Fill 350-275, with one later fragment Middle Fill 125-86 110 to early 1st century after Christ Upper Fill (Group F) Connected by tunnel to another chamber (N 18:1),whose original fill was disturbedby a Roman well. Three fills. LowerFill. Small amount of 4th- and early-3rd-centurymaterial, with one small fragment of plate dating to late 2nd or 1st century,probably intrusivefrom above. MiddleFill. Sullan destruction debris containing one coin of 87/86 (X-191: AgoraXXVI, variety 97; cf. Svoronos, pl. 81:45-48); note correction to AgoraXXII and Rotroff 1987a, due to restudyof coin proveniences. Latest stamped

464

DEPOSIT SUMMARIES

amphora handle, on fragmentaryamphora, names duoviriof the term of the Knidian eponym Euphragoras,97-88 B.C. (SS 7313 [KT 1600]). 444, 814, 1157, 1780. UpperFill. Much of the materialis of late-2nd- and early-Ist-centurydate, probablySullan debris, including several duoviriamphora handles (see AgoraXXII) and two coins of 87/86 (X-42 [AgoraXXVI, no. 97c], X-84; cf. Svoronos, pi. 81:45-48), but Augustan coins and early Roman wares (ESB, thin-walledwares)are well representedand indicate deposit around turn of the era or slightly later. 514, 708, 732, 767, 771, 772, 813, 842, 852, 1121, 1235, 1261, 1275, 1291, 1292, 1382, 1535, 1547, 1581, 1584, 1589, 1604, 1638, 1712, 1718, 1741; comparanda to 842, 852, 1559, 1579, 1784. AgoraIV,pp. 242-243; V, pp. 10-21; VII, p. 227; XXI, p. 99; XXII, p. 104; XXVI, pp. 313-314; D. B. Thompson 1963c, p. 317; Price 1964, pp. 32-33 (deposit III); D. B. Thompson 1965, pp. 66-68; Hayes 1973, p. 425; Rotroff 1989a, pp. 191-192; D6losXXVII, p. 381. N 20:2 Cistern Roman Well N 20:3 dug through cistern in late 1st century after Christ, at which time cistern filled with amphoras and pottery as packing between well tiles and cistern walls. 1776. AgoraV, p. 126; XXI, p. 99. N 20:4 (+) Mask Cistern 110-75 Four fills distinguished during excavation (I-IV, from bottom to top) but seemingly with no chronological differentiation. Two amphoras and thirteen coins are immediately pr'-Sullan, indicating a concentration of Sullan destruction debris, but one post-Sullan coin was found in lowest fill (Q-164: AgoraXXVI, varieties [127, 128]; cf. Svoronos, pl. 104:29-35) and another in second fill from bottom (Q-140: AgoraXXVI, variety 115; cf. Svoronos, pl. 79:2-7). Two large fragmentsof a micaceous waterjar are intrusive. 699, 768, 812, 851, 959, 1228, 1238, 1260, 1280, 1502, 1526, 1537, 1560, 1561, 1579, 1597, 1605, 1639, 1641, 1655, 1698, 1740; comparanda to 541, 612, 950, 953, 1698. AgoraIV, p. 243; V, p. 126; XXI, p. 99; XXII, p. 104; XXVI, p. 314; Price 1964, pp. 32-33 (deposit I); D. B. Thompson 1966b, pp. 252-259; E S. Kleiner 1975a, pp. 183-186; Rotroff 1989a, p. 103; DelosXXVII, p. 381. N 20:5

Well

Lower Fill [POU]

Roman

Lower,use fill accumulated from 1st to early 3rd century after Christ, with 4th-century dump above. Comparandum to 1578. AgoraIV, p. 243; V, p. 126; VI, p. 99; VII, p. 227; XXI, p. 99. N 20:6 (+)

Cistern

Lower [POU] and 225-190 Upper Fills Cistern with tunnel. Lower and upper fills contemporary,with one join between them and joins between vessels in lower fill and fill in tunnel. Waterjars at bottom suggest lowest fill accumulated during use. Coins and amphora handles give terminus postquemin the early 2nd century; the latest datable object is a coin of the standing-Zeus type, now dated ca. 196-190 (Q-359 [AgoraXXVI, no. 78b]). Unguentaria have hollow stems. Vesselswith the same stamps appear in E 14:1, N 21:4, G 14:2 (middle fill), F 17:4. 337, 483, 516, 803, 1099, 1670, 1692, 1697, 1753; comparandum to 516. AgoraIV, p. 243; XXI, p. 99; XXII, pp. 104-105; XXVI, p. 314. Cistern N 20:7 (+) Lower Fill 225-165 Cistern with drawshaft. Upper fill, fill in drawshaft,and fill in connecting tunnel Turkish;some Turkishdisturbance in lower fill. Terminus postquemof ca. 175 provided by Rhodian amphora handle (SS 7898, naming Xenophon; see Grace 1985, p. 8). One coin may date to 166-150's (Q-125: AgoraXXVI, variety 101; cf. Svoronos, pl. 106:12-16), but the identificationis not certain. Some unguentariawith solid stems.

DEPOSIT SUMMARIES

465

331, 393, 563, 729, 749, 755, 924, 943, 1037, 1271, 1665, 1736, 1767; comparanda to 393, 396, 751, 801,924, 1185. AgoraXXI, p. 99; XXII, p. 105. 250-215 Lower Fill 225-175 Middle Fill material Ist with earlier Fill century, Upper Cistern with two tunnels, the one entering its neck cut off by an early Roman well, the other, at the bottom, not excavated. No stratigraphynoted during excavation, but analysis of pottery suggests three fills, of which the lower two are potter's dumps. LowerFill. Rhodian amphora handle naming the eponym Xenostratos gives terminus postquemof 217 (SS 8934, with neck and two handles preserved). Abundant West Slope. Only two fragmentsof moldmade bowls. 212, 215, 216, 234, 239, 240, 242, 244, 246, 303, 304, 318, 341, 357, 358, 360-364, 366, 416, 462, 505, 507, 582, 591, 661, 739, 799, 822, 827, 885, 912, 1003, 1092, 1268, 1366, 1367, 1369, 1371, 1422, 1425, 1440, 1442, 1496, 1497, 1746, 1779; comparanda to 213, 234, 235, 244, 268, 272, 341, 358, 361, 661, 884, 885, 912, 1100 1009, 1415. MiddleFill. Terminus post quemin 190's given by coins. Some mixing with upper fill indicated by Augustan coin (see AgoraXXII). Dump from Workshopof Bion, with material very similar to that in M 21:1. 264, 277, 482, 1332, 1402; comparanda to 557, 801, 1402. UpperFill. Pottery in mouth of cistern and in upper tunnel. One Attic coin of 87/86 (EE-77: AgoraXXVI, variety 97; cf. Svoronos, pl. 81:45-48) and one very worn coin of Cyrenaica dating after 67 (EE-78 [AgoraXXVI, no. 1033]; cf. BMCCyrenaica, p. 113, 1). Sigillata wares and Mottled Oliver lid, together with pottery contemporary with that in middle fill. 48; comparanda to 1414, 1422. From unknown depth: 1084, 1429. AgoraIV,p. 243; XII, p. 395; XXI, p. 99; XXII, p. 105; XXVI, p. 314; XXX, p. 365; D. B. Thompson 1962; Grace 1963, pp. 325-326; Rotroff 1989a, pp. 185-186; Rotroff 1990a, p. 177, pl. 24:3; Rotroff 1994; DelosXXVII, p. 381. N 21:4 (+)

Satyr Cistern

N 21:9 (+) Cistern Cistern with two blind passages;partly disturbedby Turkishwell. Neck and handle of Rhodian amphora naming Pausanias,third quarter of 3rd century (SS 10015). 1643. AgoraXII, p. 395; XXIII, p. 334.

275-210

O 16:1-2

450-400

Construction Fill

Construction fill of South Stoa I. AgoraXII, p. 396; XXI, p. 99; XXX, p. 365; H. A. Thompson 1954, p. 42. Well O 16:3 (+) 210-160 9.00 m. deep. Latest datable object is Koan amphora dating after ca. 200, possibly as late as 188 (SS 14082). Latest coin is standing-Zeus type now dated in 190's (AgoraXXVI, varieties 78-80). Like P 21:4 and F 17:4, contained large number of baggy kantharoiof Incised Wave Group. 268, 269, 564, 925, 1133, 1185, 1747, 1752; comparandum to 924. AgoraXXII, p. 105. Cistern O 17:5 (+) Sullan destruction debris (115-86) Connected by tunnel to O 17:6. Two coins of 87/86 ($-339, ~-340: AgoraXXVI, variety 97; cf. Svoronos, pl. 81:45-48) suggest Sullan destruction debris. One or two Roman pieces (e.g. L 5326, early 1st century after Christ). 351,403, 435, 440, 902, 1124, 1276, 1676, 1714. AgoraXXII, p. 105; D. B. Thompson 1963c, p. 317; Rotroff 1987a, p. 192.

DEPOSIT SUMMARIES

466

200-125 Cistern 0 17:6 (+) Connected by tunnel to 0 17:5. Knidian stamped amphora handle names the eponym Eukratesand the fabricant Mormis, 220-188 (SS 14275 [KT 1013]). Coin of ca. 196-190 (D-342: AgoraXXVI, variety 81; cf. Svoronos,pl. 23:47-49). Fragments of five long-petal bowls, one made in worn mold. Type 35 A lamp (L 5327). 1613, 1708. 225-150 Lower Fill 200-110 Fill Upper Cistern and drawshaftconnected by tunnel; used in modern times as cesspool. No stratigraphynoted, but pottery from first five boxes excavated is later than that from boxes 6-18. LowerFill (boxes 6-18). Latest stamped amphora handle is Rhodian of term of Peisistratos, dating in second quarter of 2nd century (SS 14287). Note correction to AgoraXXII and to Rotroff 1987a, p. 192, where this handle was assigned to upper fill. No long-petal bowls. 1721; comparandum to 385. UpperFill (boxes 1-5). No stamped amphora handles. Fragmentsof five long-petal bowls, one ESA plate, and several pieces of gray ware. 1602, 1609, 1610, 1623. AgoraXXII, p. 105; D. B. Thompson 1963c, p. 317; D. B. Thompson 1965, p. 50; Rotroff 1987a, p. 192. O 17:7 (+)

Cistern

350-320 Hedgehog Well O 18:2 (+) 6.25 m. deep. Homogeneous fill with most pottery advanced beyond material from Olynthos. Thasian amphora dates around 340 (P 13570 [Grace 1956b, p. 124, note 8, pl. 60:4, 4a]). One intrusive plate fragment probably dates in the 2nd century. 52, 79, 127, 151, 634, 1431, 1432; comparanda to 79, 470, 777, 866, 1110, 1408. AgoraIV, p. 243; X, p. 68; XII, p. 396; XXX, p. 365; D. B. Thompson 1954, pp. 72-87, especially p. 72; Grace 1979b, p. 126, under no. 2; Rotroff, 1983, p. 263; Rotroff 1987a, pp. 184-185. 0 20:1 (+) 0 20:2 (+) O 20:3 (+)

Cistern Cistern Well

Lower Fill Level I Level II Level III LevelIV

300-195 250-195 310-250 250-225 260-220 250-195

System consisting of at least two chambers (O 20:1 and 0 20:2) and well (O 20:3), with tunnel perhaps leading to third chamber (P 20:1, unexcavated). Variousfills, but system seems to have gone out of use all at one time. O 20:1. Roman upper fill, with modern cesspool fill above. Only datable object a Rhodian stamped amphora handle of the term of Agloumbrotos, ca. 211 (SS 8074). Comparandum to 911 (fromunknown depth). AgoraVII, p. 227. O 20:2. Single fill. Latest of thirteen stamped amphora handles dates to 198 (SS 8020, Rhodian handle naming Hieron I); for date see Grace 1985, p. 23, note 60. 396, 410, 537, 670, 1635; comparanda to 801, 913. AgoraXXII, p. 105. 0 20:3. Dug as several fills but probably a continuous accumulation. I: 14.30-15.30 m. No independently datable material, but none of the pottery appears to be later than middle of 3rd century. 11, 231, 1362; comparandum to 522. II: 11.00-14.30 m. Drinking cups advanced over those in Level I, but absence of moldmade bowls suggests material not later than ca. 225. 65, 203, 209, 418, 1695; comparanda to 272, 1096.

DEPOSIT SUMMARIES

467

III: 7.25-11.00 m. One of the two amphora handles names the Rhodian fabricant Aristokrates,no earlier than ca. 225 and certainly active later, ca. 208-196 (SS 8133; see Grace 1974, p. 199). Single fragment of moldmade bowl from Workshopof Bion. 291, 305, 596, 660; comparandum to 909. IV: top-7.25 m. Rhodian amphora handle naming Pausanias dates in third quarter of 3rd century (SS 8081). A few moldmade bowl fragments (e.g. P 14166, P 20581). One plate may be as late as ca. 200 (667). 667, 1029; comparandum to 812. AgoraIV, p. 243; XII, p. 396; Grandjouan 1989, p. 70. Cistern 4th century (to 325), disturbed O 22:1 (+) Cistern filled in 4th century with dug bedrock and some pottery, kernoi, many loomweights, and a few votives. Modern wall and collapsing sides of cistern provide opportunity for disturbance. Notebook mentions Roman intrusions,but preserved context pottery is purely 4th century. 1539 (fromredigging earth from cistern). AgoraX, p. 68; XII, p. 396; XXIII, p. 334; XXX, p. 365; Corbett 1949, p. 342, under no. 141; D. B. Thompson 1959, p. 139, note 72. O-R 7-10 To ca. 290 Building Fill of Square Peristyle Eleven stamped amphora handles. Most date before ca. 310 (see AgoraXXVII, p. 144), but Corinthian B amphora handle with ligature stamp dates late 4th to first half of 3rd century (SS 13913 [Koehler 1978b, no. 558, p. 287, pl. 58]) Two later handles are intrusive: SS 11524, Thasian naming Philonidas Si(, late 3rd century; SS 11496, Chian(?) of 3rd century. Twenty-fourlegible coins, including four owl-left bronzes of 307-ca. 300 (EA-190, EA-367, EA-375, YA-384: AgoraXXVI, variety 50; cf. Svoronos, pl. 22:85-88) and one coin of Demetrios Polioketesdating 300-295 (EA-377 [AgoraXXVI, no. 504h]). A coin of Philip V is intrusive (EA-385 [AgoraXXVI, no. 513]). The famous tyranny decree of 337/6 (I 6524) was found in this fill (Meritt 1952, no. 5, pp. 355-359). 713, 715, 871, 996, 1053, 1175, 1694; comparanda to 98, 634, 867. AgoraIV, p. 243; XII, p. 396; XIV, pp. 60-61; XXIII, p. 334; XXVI, p. 315; XXVII, pp. 143-153, 178-185, 227. Pit P 6:3 Early Roman Shallow pit with carbon and abundant pottery. Early Roman, with some late Hellenistic material, including late Knidian stamped amphora handle naming the eponym Ares (SS 14754, after ca. 78) and coin of 130-90 (BA-395: AgoraXXVI, variety 99; cf. Svoronos, pl. 24:60-68). 1207. P 6:4

Pyre 1448, 1456, 1467, 1471, 1487; comparanda to 1456, 1467, 1471, 1480, 1487. Shear 1973, p. 141, note 50.

325-300

P 6:5

Ca. 225 Pyre Coin probably dating in third quarterof 3rd century (BA-417 [Kroll, personal communication 1971]); Type 46 E lamp (L 5667). 273, 275. Shear 1973, p. 141, note 50. P 6:6 (+)

260-200 Pyre Pit with burning, disturbed by later wall. Probablya pyre but with some unusual features:bones of large animal, fragmentarypottery covering wide range of date, and unguentaria. The fragmentarypottery (two baggy kantharoi and one Classicalkantharos)dates 260-225. To judge by other contexts in which the types are found, lamps are likely to date no earlier than last quarter of century (L 5713, L 5714, Types 43 B and 46 B). Coin BA-459 perhaps dates ca. 224-198 (cf. Svoronos, pls. 24:10-17, 25:15-18, or 104:8-19). Shear 1973, p. 141, note 50.

468

DEPOSIT SUMMARIES

325-285 P 10:1 (+) Cistern Cistern connected by a tunnel to P 10:2 but filled earlier. Very worn double-bodied owl coin of 340's/330's-322 (E-4645: AgoraXXVI, varieties [41-43]; cf. Svoronos,pl. 22:41-45). 58, 818, 860, 1048, 1126, 1141, 1168; comparanda to 12, 54, 647, 965. AgoraIV, p. 244; XII, p. 397; XXVII, p. 228; Pollitt 1979, p. 218 (deposit XXII). P 10:2 (+)

Cistern

P 10:3

Well

Lower Fill Upper Fill

265-200 1st century after Christ with much Hellenistic material Connected by tunnel to P 10:1. Hellenistic lower fill, early Roman upper fill, with some mixing between the two. Lowerfill.Terminus postquemof ca. 240 provided by amphora handle. 911; 249, 279, 288, comparanda to 289, 911, 1003. fill. Most Small pottery Hellenistic, with some joins to lower fill, but a few fragments of early Roman Upperfill. P pottery present (e.g. 19718, Arretine). 279, 940. AgoraXII, p. 397, under P 10:1; XXII, p. 105; XXVII, p. 228. 350-315

Dumped filling in well 12.45 m. deep. Comparandum to 1408. AgoraXII, p. 397; XXVII, pp. 143-153, 185, 228. P 20:2 (+)

Cistern

150-110, with a few earlier pieces

Amphora handle provides terminus postquemearly in the period 146-108. 401, 262, 433, 491, 760, 903, 934, 1274; comparanda to 266, 298, 760. XXII, p. 106. Agora P 20:3

Pyre 1483; comparandum to 1475. Shear 1973, p. 154, note 73.

P 21:4 (+)

Cistern

P-R 6-12 (+)

Stoa of Attalos Building Fill

350-325

225-180 XXVI, varieties82, postquemin 180'sfurnishedby coins (Agora Very large deposit, probablypotter'sdump. Terminus could be but of of bowl of and intrusive, presence another fragment 83, early type (P 30432) 85). Fragment long-petal from the same bowl or same mold in a contempory deposit (Q8-9) suggests not. Later intrusion evidenced by two coins (Q-527 [late 4th century after Christ], 0-534: AgoraXXVI, varieties [149, 151]; cf. Svoronos, pl. 80:29-34 [ca. 25-20, extremely worn]). All unguentaria have hollow stems. Black-glazedbowls and plates with same stamps appear in M 21:1. Like 0 16:3 and F 17:4, the cistern contained many baggy kantharoi of Incised Wave Group. Cf. F 17:4, approximatelycontemporary,also with one long-petal bowl fragment and two late coins. 270, 292, 293, 295, 329, 347, 348, 421, 424, 515, 557, 559, 560, 587, 662, 663, 671, 672, 730, 748, 802, 891, 893, 896, 897, 917, 918, 941, 1010, 1021, 1106, 1107, 1139, 1233, 1374, 1669, 1675; comparanda to 256, 268, 270, 329, 355, 458, 481, 603, 619, 743, 745, 801, 802, 805, 837, 890, 893, 920, 1097, 1098. AgoraXXII, p. 106; XXVI, p. 316; Shear 1973, pp. 154-156. To ca. 150, with large amount of earlier material Grace dates latest amphora handle to ca. 157 (Grace 1985, pp. 14-15). I examined the fine ware in fifty lots of pottery identified in the field notebooks as building fill or fill of footing trenches (in Section I, lots 1lOc, 1lOe, 11lb-e, 112e, and 113a; in Section EA, lots 2, 10, 11, 17, 19, 21-24, 26-38, 40-44, 141, 240, 247, 320, 323, 330-333, 347, 357, 415, 416, 451, 492). Out of an estimated minimum of 174 moldmade bowls I found no example of a long-petal bowl. Note, however, that fragments of two long-petal bowls of early type have been found in Q 8-9, which lay underP-R 6-12 (see under Q8-9).

DEPOSIT SUMMARIES

469

371, 828, 833, 1188, 1216, 1225, 1576(?), 1666, 1678, 1685, 1709, 1738, 1783; comparanda to 922, 924, 927, 949, 1182, 1583. AgoraIV, p. 244; XII, p. 397; XXII, p. 106; XXIII, p. 335; XXVI, p. 316; XXVII, p. 228; D. B. Thompson 1963c, p. 317; E S. Kleiner 1975b, pp. 313-318 (deposits IV, V); E S. Kleiner 1976, pp. 29, 32; Pollitt 1979, p. 221 (deposit XXXIII); Rotroff 1987a, p. 188; Grandjouan 1989, p. 70; Dilos XXVII, p. 382. Cistern? 275-250 Irregularpit 4.00 m. deep, with much dug bedrock in fill; probably a collapsed well or cistern. Two coins: one owl-left dating 307-ca. 300 (BA-484: AgoraXXVI, variety 50; cf. Svoronos, pl. 22:85-88); one of ca. 270 (BA-486: AgoraXXVI, varieties [57-60]; cf. Svoronos, pl. 22:73-79). Extremely homogeneous group of pottery of second quarter of 3rd century. 1199, 1265, 1412; comparanda to 1412. Q6:5 (+)

Fill To ca. 180 Q8-9 Fill over floor of Square Peristyle, lying partially under building fill of Stoa of Attalos (P-R 6-12) and above construction fill of Square Peristyle(0-R 7-10). Latest Rhodian stamped amphora handle dates in term of Hieron I (ca. 198, SS 10831). Latest Knidian handle is SS 10799 (KT 1105), in the term of Philoph(ron),shortly after 188 (see Grace 1985, p. 23, note 60). Latest coin dates ca. 196-190 (EA-87: AgoraXXVI, varieties [78-80]; cf. Svoronos, pl. 81:1-16). For other fills related to Square Peristyle see O-R 7-10, Q 9:4, Q 10:1. Four fragments from three long-petal bowls of early type come from areas of the fill that may be disturbed (P 31696, P 20204, P 31940: AgoraXXVII, nos. 187-189, p. 194, pl. 47 with discussion on pp. 157-158). 319, 382,388,397,419,586,599,600,602,629,665,669, 723,747,1008, 1070, 1232; comparandato 268, 418, 455, 599, 608, 801, 804, 805,812, 893, 1206. AgoraXXII, p. 106 (note correction to amphora data);XXVII, pp. 153-165, 189-199, 229; Dilos XXVII, p. 381. Fill 250-165 Q9:4 (+) Fill in plundered trench for foundation of south stylobate of Square Peristyle.Joins with material from building fill of Stoa of Attalos. Ten stamped amphora handles, mostly Knidian, dating 188-167, but one dating in the period 167-146 (SS 13233 [KT 832] naming the eponym Kleumbrotos). 448, 756, 1428, 1583, 1642, 1738. AgoraXXVII, pp. 153-165, 199-201, 230. Q 10:1 (+)

Fill

310-275, with substantialamount of residual early material

Fill in south outer foundation of Square Peristyle. Twenty-seven stamped amphora handles, eighteen of them Thasian and clearly later than those from construction fill of the building (O-R 7-10). Several name fabricants dated by Debidour (1986, p. 332) in early 3rd century (Nikodemos, Prexipolis, Pythion III, Pythion IV) and first half of 3rd century (AischronI). Latest piece of fine ware is 71, a cup-kantharosin true West Slope technique. 71, 1071; comparandum to 1018. AgoraXII, p. 397; XXIII, p. 335; XXVII, pp. 143-153, 187-189, 230. Debris 200-160 of Deposit debris, with ash and carbon, from use of and demolition of Brick Building under Stoa of Attalos. Two stamped amphoras, naming Kleandridas and Sosimachos, Knidian eponyms dating 188-167 (SS 4947, SS 5373 [KT 192, KT 1225]). See also Q-R 10-11:1, 2, 3. 459, 495, 678, 926, 1115; comparanda to 890, 916. AgoraXXVII, pp. 155, 205-206, 231. Q 11:3

Well Q12:1 (+) 190-160 12.50 m. deep, contemporary with construction of Stoa of Attalos. Latest of three stamped amphora handles is SS 11122, naming the Rhodian fabricant Amyntas, end of first quarter of 2nd century (see Grace 1985, p. 10).

DEPOSIT SUMMARIES

470

Pottery concentrated at two levels (11.00-12.50 m. and 7.60-8.10 m.), possibly a first and second POU; no joins between the groups, which were separated by nearly sterile fill. No apparent chronological difference between the two groups.

298, 1748. AgoraXXVII, p. 231. Manhole Q 13:1 AgoraIV, p. 244; V, p. 126; VI, p. 100; VII, p. 227. Q 17:5 Pyre Disturbed pyre containing only a pyxis and a chytridion. Comparandum to 1475. AgoraXII, p. 398. Q 17:9

Manhole

Early 1st century after Christ

350-325

Ist century

Square pit providing access to aqueduct. Five stamped amphora handles, the three latest immediately pre-Sullan, in terms of Agias and Hermon (SS 14374 [KT 1542], see D0losXXVII, p. 331, under E 81; SS 14375 [KT 1530] and SS 14376 [KT 486], cf. DdlosXXVII, E 148, E 147, p. 343). Mostly coarse pottery,with some early Roman. 1197. 300-290 Q20:4 Pyre Owl-left coin of 307-ca. 300 in mint condition (Q-556:AgoraXXVI, variety 50; cf. Svoronos, pl. 22:85-88). 1397, 1453, 1457, 1489; comparanda to 1457, 1479, 1489. Shear 1973, p. 151, note 68. 200-165 Q-R 10-11:1 (+) Building Fill of Brick Building To ca. 165 Q-R 10-11:2 (+) Floor of Brick Building To ca. 165 Q-R 10-11:3 (+) Destruction Debris of Brick Building Three fills associated with a mud-brickbuilding under the Stoa of Attalos. See also Q 11:3. Q-R 10-11:1. Further study of the stratigraphyof the area by Rhys Townsend (AgoraXXVII) has identified the following lots as building fill, from below the floor of the building: EA 232-235, EA 329, EA 389. Latest amphora handle is SS 11076 (KT 1446), naming Polychares and dating toward end of first quarter of 2nd century. The Rhodian eponym Kallikratesof SS 11621, dated to either slightly after 180 or ca. 150 in AgoraXXII, has now been redated to either 193 or 146-108, more likely the former. Single coin dates to late 3rd or 2nd century (EA-16 [F.S. Kleiner 1975b, no. 242, p. 316]: AgoraXXVI, varieties 82-84). Coins from this and the following two deposits are included in E S. Kleiner 1975b, pp. 315-317, deposit IV; see list in ibid.,p. 314, note 21. 326, 562, 1423; comparanda to 918, 942, 1006. AgoraXIV, p. 172; XXII, p. 106; XXVII, pp. 153-165, 202-204, 231; H. A. Thompson 1950, p. 320; H. A. Thompson 1952, p. 101; Grace 1985, p. 39. Q-R 10-11:2. A small amount of material on floor of Brick Building: lots EA 15, EA 231. One coin, owl-left dating 307-ca. 300 (EA- I1 [F.S. Kleiner 1975b, no. 220, p. 315]: AgoraXXVI, variety 50; cf. Svoronos,pl. 22:85-88). Comparandum to 255. Grace 1985, p. 39. Q-R 10-11:3. Fallen brickover floor and walls of BrickBuilding,immediately below building fill of Stoa of Attalos. Section EA, lots 4, 12, 13, 16, 229, 326-328, 395. Five coins, the latest dating 261-229 (EA-10 [F.S. Kleiner 1975b, no. 233, p. 316; AgoraXXVI, no. 62b]; cf. Svoronos, pl. 103:42-46). Comparandum to 355. R 10:1

Well

1st century B.C. to early 1st century after Christ 19.00 m. deep. Single fill dumped in Augustan times with some earlier material, including many late Knidian amphora handles of second and third quarters of 1st century B.C.

471

DEPOSIT SUMMARIES 958, 1262, 1617; comparanda to 1617, 1764. AgoraIV, p. 244; V, p. 127; VII, p. 228; XXI, p. 100; XXIII, p. 335; XXVII, p. 231.

R 11:5 Ca. 350? Pyre Shallow pit with ash and burning, containing a one-handler,a chytridion, and a small saucer; disturbed. Comparandum to 816. AgoraXXVII, pp. 171, 232; Sparkes 1962, p. 130, pl. VI:1 (P 24864). R 13:9 (+)

Cistern 300-265 with two coins Single dumped fill, dating 284-270's (PP-822, PP-864; cf. Svoronos, pl. 22:64-72). Fragment of dipper and rim of what may be a moldmade bowl are intrusive. 22, 407, 470, 718, 1127, 1144, 1220, 1403; comparanda 22, 718, 791. Rotroff 1983, p. 262. R 13:11

Well

350-325 in well SS 7.75 m. no. an intact AtThas 14825 IV, 1609, p. 392), Homogeneous dump (cf. deep. Thasianjar naming Telephanes, dates to 345-335 (Debidour 1986, p. 330). Stamped handle of Sinopean amphora (SS 14823), naming the astynomos Philon and the fabricant Golas, belongs to latter part of Grakov'sGroup I, ca. 360-320 (see Grace 1985, p. 21, note 52). Corinthian B jar top may be later (P 30872 [Koehler 1978b, no. 254, p. 192, pl. 33], late 4th century). 632, 709, 1075, 1173, 1174; comparanda to 709, 1075. Grandjouan 1989, p. 70. R 17:6 (+) Cistern Upper Fill Thin, nearly sterile layer of silt (0.40 m.) over floor. Looser fill above with small amount of pottery. 105, 1165. AgoraXII, p. 398.

350-300

R18:1 275-250 Pyre? Pit with blackened filling, containing skyphos,Type 29 A lamp (L 3502), and rilled-rimplate; probably a pyre. 162. R 21:2 (+)

Cistern Tunnels

Lower Fill Lower Fill

Mostly 150-100, with Roman disturbance Ca. 200 B.c.-lst century after Christ

Cistern with blind south tunnel, north tunnel leading to drawshaft. Three fills in cistern, the upper two Roman. Upper two fills extended into tunnels: Upper Fill in Cistern = Upper Fill in South Tunnel; Middle Fill in Cistern = Lower Fills in South and North Tunnels. LowerFill in Cistern.Coins give terminus postquemof 130-90. For coins and amphora handles see AgoraXXII, with the following correction: handle naming the Knidian fabricant Damokrates is SS 9291 (KT 366, I). Pottery covers wide range, with some 3rd-centurypieces, a concentration of material dating in the second half of the 2nd century, and a few early Roman intrusions. 1758; comparanda to 612, 1039, 1189. LowerFill in Tunnels.Some residual Hellenistic material, with Roman pottery of 1st century after Christ. 1649. AgoraXXI, p. 100; XXII, p. 106. S 19:2 (+) Cistern Lower Fill 2nd century, with Byzantine disturbance Hellenistic lower fill, with mixed Hellenistic and late Roman fill above, and Byzantine fill in mouth. Fouramphora handles, the latest a Knidian handle naming Poliouches, dating before ca. 188 (SS 8084 [KT 1071]; see Grace 1985, p. 16). Latest coin is a fulminating Zeus, ca. 190-86 (AA-968; cf Svoronos, pl. 81:17-52). Some

DEPOSIT SUMMARIES

472

pottery dates as least as late as middle of 2nd century,with the pyxis 1240 probably dating even later. Occasional Byzantine sherds throughout. 961, 1240. S 19:3 (+) S 19:5 S 19:8

Coroplast'sDump (Cistern) Pit Well

Lower and Upper Fills

350-315 Greek, Roman, and Byzantine 350-315?

The cistern S 19:3 and the well S 19:8, together with a Roman well (S 19:1), had collapsed to form a large pit (S 19:5). Cistern S 19:3 was dug separately,although some of its distinctive fill of terracotta figurines and votive material had fallen into the pit (S 19:5). The upper part of the pit, containing a mixture of 4th-century,Roman, and Byzantine material, was dug to a depth of ca. 8.00 m. as deposit S 19:5. At that point it became possible to distinguish the two wells, which were dug separately as S 19:1 and 19:8. The cistern S 19:3 and the well S 19:8 contained fills of a similar character,with votives and terracottas,and seem to have gone out of use at the same time. S 19:3. Upper and lower fill distinguishedduring excavation, but material from both appears to be contemporary. From upper fill come six coins of double-bodied owl issue, dating 340's/330's-322 (AA-838, AA-842a-d, AA-843: AgoraXXVI, varieties [41-43]; cf. Svoronos, pl. 22:35-46). All material dates well before end of 4th century,except for fragment of rolled-rimplate from upper fill and bowl with outturned rim from lower fill that may date around end of 4th century. Significant numbers of 5th-centuryfigurines(D. B. Thompson 1987, p. 195), earlier than the pottery. Lower fill: comparanda to 1408, 1410. Upper fill: 635, 1434; comparandum to 709. AgoraIV, p. 244; XII, p. 399; XXIII, p. 336; XXVI, p. 317; XXX, p. 367; D. B. Thompson 1952, especially pp. 120-122; Pollitt 1979, pp. 218-219 (deposit XXIII); Rotroff 1983, p. 263; Rotroff 1989a, p. 184. S 19:5. Byzantine and Roman sherds found throughout, mixed with earlier material presumably deriving from cistern S 19:3 and well S 19:8. This earlier material includes coin of ca. 322/317-307 (AA-930: AgoraXXVI, variety 46; cf. Svoronos, pl. 24:51-57) but also four amphora handles of 3rd and 2nd centuries. 1416. AgoraXII, p. 399, under S 19:3;D. B. Thompson 1952b, pp. 120-122; Rotroff 1989a, p. 184. S 19:8. Small deposit in bottom of shaft 9.60 m. deep. Contains no independently datable material, but seemingly nothing later than end of 4th century. Comparandum to 1467. AgoraXII, p. 399; Pollitt 1979, p. 219 (deposit XXIV). S 21:1

Well

Lower Fill

Late st century B.C. to early 1st century after Christ

Modern fill in upper 1.65 m. with early Roman dumped fill below,to a depth of 5.10 m. One somewhat worn coin of ca. 86-80 (BB-873: AgoraXXVI, variety 115; cf. Svoronos, pl. 79:2-7), early Roman lamps of Types 44 A, 54 B (L 3718, L 3719 [AgoraIV, no. 773, p. 198]). 1290; comparandum to 694. AgoraIV, p. 244; V, p. 127; X, p. 68; XXV, p. 164; Grandjouan 1989, p. 71. T 17:3 (+)

Drain Channel

1st century Cutting that probably originally held a drain. Packed with amphoras and other coarse pottery. Late Knidian amphora handles (SS 14356-SS 14358), handle of late Rhodian amphora (cf. P 11878 [AgoraV, F 94, p. 20, pl. 3]), much thin-walled ware and ESA, Type 57 lamp (L 5352). 1567. Drain To mid-lst century after Christ, with later intrusions Upper Fill in Filling overflow channel associated with Klepsydra; went out of use in mid-1st century. Three layers, all containing a mixture of early material (LH IIIC and Protogeometric)with late Hellenistic and early Roman, though in differingproportions. Some intrusionsof 3rd-centuryafter Christ in upper layer. 957.

T 26:7

DEPOSIT SUMMARIES

473

Parsons 1943, pp. 244-245 ("old overflow channel");Smithson 1982, p. 149 ("overflowchannel of the Classical Klepsydra"),marked A on fig. 1, p. 142. T 27:1 Debris Sullan destructiondebris Debris in antechamber of Klepsydra. Fifty-fivestamped amphora handles forming very homogeneous group. Of the forty-two Knidian handles that can be assigned to eponym terms, thirty-eightare of the duoviriperiod, and all but two of the eponyms of this period are represented;no handles date after 86 (although in some earlier publications a later date was quoted). Eight legible coins. One from top of debrisdates ca. 25-20 (OA-252: AgoraXXVI, variety 152; cf. Svoronos, pl. 80:37-43), but the others date before 86, with three dating in 87/86 (OA-254a-c: AgoraXXVI, XXVI, variety 97; cf. Svoronos, pi. 81:45-48), three more to the late 2nd or early 1stcentury (OA-255, OA-259 [Agora no. 99d]; cf. Svoronos, pl. 24:60-68 and OA-256: AgoraXXVI, variety 100; cf. Svoronos, pl. 107:50-54). Debris included sling bullets and arrowheadsdoubtless from Sullan attack. 430. AgoraXXI, p. 100; Shear 1939, p. 225; Parsons 1943, pp. 240-241; Grace 1956b, p. 157, under no. 154; Lewis 1975, p. 384; DulosXXVII, p. 311, under E 29, and other referenceson p. 382. U 22:1

Shaft and Chamber

Fill B

Roman

One of several fills in brick-linedshaft and vaulted passage. Fourthand 5th centuries after Christ, with some late Hellenistic material, including Knidian stamped amphora handles of the period 97-88 (SS 7483, SS 8193, SS 9086 [KT 1495, KT 296, KT 1538]). 1797. Some objects have been published: AgoraVI, nos. 774, 838; VII, nos. 259, 1476, 1667, 1754, 2005, 2618. Fill U 22:5 Fill with many kernos fragments, 22 m. south of Eleusinion. 1444. AgoraXXIII, p. 336; Pollitt 1979, p. 220 (deposit XXVIII). U 26:1 (+)

4th century

41 -early 2nd century Deposit Deposit of material at base of Akropolis, at least some of it probably deriving from Akropolis. Includes several late-5th-centuryoinochoai of unusual type, along with materialof 4th through early 2nd century. Fourcoins: one ca. 322/317-307 (OA-297: AgoraXXVI, variety 46; cf. Svoronos, pl. 24:51-57), one of Antigonos Gonatas, 277-239 (OA-296; cf. McClean II, 3599-3606), two of ca. 196-190 (OA-293, OA-298: AgoraXXVI, variety 83; cf. Svoronos, pl. 81:28, 29). About thirty-fivefragmentsdate in late 4th and 3rd century,the latest in second half of 3rd century. 1221. Shear 1940, pp. 298-299; Green 1962; Grandjouan 1989, p. 71.

APPENDIXES

APPENDIXI GRAPHSILLUSTATINGTHE CHRONOLOGY OF MOTIFS,SHAPES,AND IMPORTS

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GRAPH10. Imports. The three graphs are based on both inventoried and uninventoriedvessels from closed deposits laid down before the end of the 1st centuryB.C.All of the types of pottery considered in the Catalogue are included, as well as the moldmade bowls published in AgoraXXII.

APPENDIX II CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF BLACK-GLAZED HELLENISTIC CANTEENS A program of chemical analysis was carried out in the Fitch Laboratory in 1991 to determine the place(s) of manufacture of nineteen black-glazed Hellenistic canteens or related vessels (see pp. 183-187), seven of which bear makers' stamps of a type encountered on Koan and Rhodian amphoras. All were found in the excavationsof the Athenian Agora. Analytical procedures With three exceptions, samples were taken by breakingoff a small fragmentfrom the vessel or sherd, removing any decoration and weathered surface with a tungsten carbide drill head and grinding to fine powder in an agate mortar. The exceptions, 1201, 1203, and 1206, were drilled with a tungsten carbide drill head. Superficial examination of the material during sampling indicated a fabric whose uniform appearance, to the writer's eye, in terms of texture and color resembled Attic. The powdered samples were dried at 1100 C for three hours and then prepared for analysis the lithium metaborate fusion method. Analyses were carried out by atomic absorption by spectrometry (AAS), following the procedures described by Liddy (1989). The percentage concentrations of eleven elements (in their oxide form) were determined, for which two sets of standards were employed for calibration purposes: synthetic "Potmix"standards and seven standardsof ancient and modern, mainly Greek, ceramics. Results The first observation to be made of the compositions, which are set out in Table 1, is their relative uniformity, a result that is in keeping with the visual uniformity in the fabric of the material. The individualvalues of silica are not included in Table 1: they were found to lie within the range 57-63 percent. The process of assigning origin may begin by consideringthe availableand relevant chemical reference data for Kos and Rhodes. For the former island, this consists of the chemical compositions of 1. Transport amphoras of Koan type and bearing a Koan stamp from different findspots but mainly the Athenian Agora (see, especially, Whitbread 1995, p. 81). Since none of these compositions were derived from AAS analysis, reference data were selected from two techniques, X-ray fluorescencespectrometry(XRF) and optical emission spectroscopy(OES), which measured a suite of elements similar to those determined by AAS. The use of data obtained by different techniques and from different laboratories does introduce potential difficulties of comparability,but these should not be exaggerated (Jones 1986, pp. 38-39, Tables 2.2 and 2.3; Jones and Vagnetti 1991, pp. 129-130), and fortunately in the present study they do not prejudice the outcome. Table 2 gives the composition characteristics of a group of Koan amphoras analyzed by XRF (Watson 1985), while the individual OES compositions of Koan amphorasanalyzedby E. Sayreat the BrookhavenNational Laboratory are listed byJones (1986, p. 903, Appendix V).

490

APPENDIXII

2. Modern potters' clays from Kardamena and Antimachia in the center of the island (Psaropoulou 1986, pp. 63-64). ForRhodesthere is a wealth of chemical data for pottery,including amphoras,from locations in island (Jones 1986, pp. 294-295, 738). The compositions, as a whole, are the northern haofthe o usually distinctive, having especially high concentrations of magnesium, chromium, and nickel. As an example, Table 2 shows the composition characteristics, determined by AAS, of some decorated Hellenistic pottery from Rhodes Town, selected in 1984 by Mrs. A. Yiannikouri. It is clear from Table 2 that the canteens from Athens have significantlyhigher Mg, Fe, and trace-element contents than does the Koan reference material. Furthermore, the canteens are significantly lower in their Mg, Ca, Cr, and Ni contents and higher in their Al contents than the Rhodian pottery. As a result, the available data strongly suggest that the canteens were not made on either Kos or the northern part of Rhodes. Turning now to an assessment of a possible Attic origin for the canteens, reference is made to a recently obtained set of chemical data for black-figuredloutrophoroi from the Sanctuary of the Nymph, Athens. These vases, which were analyzed by the Fitch Laboratory in 1989 on behalf of Mrs. C. Kanellopoulou, who is publishingthem, have characteristicAttic compositions (R. E.Jones, unpublishedreport to the AkropolisEphoreia, 1990). The case for an Attic source is good: the compositions of all but three of the canteens lie within the 80-percent confidence ranges of the black-figuredloutrophoroifor seven or more elements. 1209 is atypical because of its high Ca content, but in other respects it is surely Attic. 1210 and 1202 match the reference group less well (six elements falling within the 80-percent ranges), but again there is no good reason to suppose the discrepancies hint at an origin other than Attic. In sum, all nineteen canteens are very likely to be Attic products. Department of Archaeology University of Glasgow

R. E.JoNEs

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF BLACK-GLAZED HETI.ENISTIC CANTEENS

TABLE 1 The compositions (expressedas percentage of element oxides) of the canteens and related vessels Ca Ti Na Mn Cr Ni K Agora Inv. No. Cat. No. Al Mg Fe P 5940 P 6285 P 10806 P 13690 P 14295 P18261 P21055 P 22909 P 23044 P 23073 P 25554 P 26261 P 26676 P 28084 P 28085 P 28161 P 28924 P 29098 P 31060

1203 1208 1210 1206 1209 1204 1213 1212 1205 1201 1211 1198 1200 1207 1199 1202

15.23 15.31 16.44 14.93 18.14 14.55 18.52 17.39 19.47 16.44 17.96 16.25 15.12 18.52 17.20 16.82 19.85 19.85 18.14

10.49 6.02 5.46 8.25 6.02 12.73 7.83 6.44 7.27 7.41 7.55 7.83 5.04 5.88 10.21 6.16 7.00 7.83 7.83

5.39 3.98 4.15 4.64 4.97 6.47 5.47 5.39 5.47 4.89 4.97 3.81 4.48 5.06 5.14 3.98 5.31 5.97 5.31

7.72 7.44 8.58 7.15 9.01 7.01 8.29 8.29 9.58 7.72 8.29 7.72 7.15 8.29 9.30 8.01 9.30 9.01 9.01

0.67 0.77 0.72 0.84 0.88 0.77 0.88 0.88 0.97 0.77 0.83 0.72 0.67 0.83 0.77 0.83 0.88 0.88 0.83

0.40 0.66 0.31 0.54 0.51 0.73 0.59 0.66 0.54 0.98 0.81 0.75 0.44 0.61 0.44 0.88 0.43 0.75 0.88

0.119 0.086 0.034 3.19 0.115 0.063 0.027 3.07 0.161 0.073 0.031 3.25 0.125 0.070 0.027 3.25 0.111 0.077 0.031 3.74 0.127 0.063 0.027 3.07 0.112 0.086 0.031 3.80 0.110 0.073 0.027 3.74 0.148 0.080 0.034 3.80 0.107 0.077 0.027 3.80 0.136 0.077 0.031 3.68 0.106 0.070 0.027 3.31 0.115 0.067 0.023 3.19 0.101 0.075 0.027 3.62 0.121 0.080 0.031 3.49 0.107 0.077 0.031 3.68 0.136 0.083 0.034 3.55 0.127 0.077 0.031 4.16 0.139 0.077 0.031 4.10

491

APPENDIX II

492

TABLE 2 Reference compositions, expressed as percentage element oxides Athens Twenty black-figuredloutrophoroifrom the Sanctuary of the Nymph, Athens, analyzed by AAS x s.d.

Al Ca Mg 16.74 6.43 4.54 2.92 1.62 0.91

Fe Ti 8.01 0.87 1.06 0.07

Na 0.61 0.13

Mn 0.100 0.026

Cr 0.078 0.007

Ni 0.038 0.006

K 3.45 0.42

Si 53.85 2.30

Kos 1. Twenty-one Koan amphoras (mainly from the British Museum collections), analyzed by XRF by Watson (1985) Al Ca zx 16.29 9.56 s.d. 2.18 3.98

Mg 2.52 0.85

Fe 5.75 0.45

Ti 0.705 0.109

Mn 0.060 0.028

Cr 0.009 0.032

K 3.12 0.41

Si 59.99 2.49

2. Potter'sclay from (a)Kardamenaand (b)Antimachia, analyzedby OES at the ResearchLaboratoryforArchaeology, Oxford Al Ca Mg Fe Ti (a) 17.2 12.8 3.6 7.6 0.77 (b) 15.4 9.0 2.3 6.5 0.72

Mn Na 1.58 0.057 2.00 0.075

Cr 0.035 0.037

Ni 0.026 0.023

RhodesTown Seven Hellenistic black-glazedbowls from Rhodes Town, analyzed by AAS in the Fitch Laboratoryin 1984 ix s.d.

Al Ca Mg Fe Ti 11.2 13.5 11.6 7.7 0.78 1.9 2.2 0.8 0.5 0.12

x= mean; s.d. = standarddeviation

Na Mn 1.33 0.103 0.23 0.086

Cr 0.086 0.020

Ni 0.086 0.018

K 2.34 0.68

APPENDIX III WORKING SUGGESTIONS FOR ADJUSTMENT OF THE CHRONOLOGY OF HETLENISTIC LAMPS The chronology of Hellenistic lamps presented in AgoraIV is dependent upon two principal factors: the contexts of the lamps and the relationships among the types into which Howland organized the material. Various scholars have called for a revision of the typology, which is seen as overly complex and constricting. Such a thoroughgoing revision is beyond the scope of my study; but the new context dates expressed in the Deposit Summaries do provide the material for a tentative revision of the broad outlines of Howland's chronology, which may serve as a preliminaryto future studies. The following is a list of lamps from dated contexts of the second half of the 4th century and the Hellenistic period, arranged by Howland Type. I include the following information for each Howland Type. 1. The number of inventoried examples at the Agora. This is based on Howland's count plus the 184 Hellenistic lamps found between the publication of AgoraIV and 1992. 2. The number of examples from dated contexts. Obviously the larger the number,the more likely the contexts are to furnish a reliable date. 3. Howland's date, taken from his text, and, in parentheses, the more precise dates indicated by his table, "ChronologicalDistribution of Types." 4. Scheibler'srevised date (fromKerameikos XI, pp. 190-193). 5. Where the evidence is sufficient, a suggested date in bold face based on the revised chronology of the contexts. 6. A list of the dated deposits and the lamps they contain. Most of these are Agora deposits, but I have included published lamps from Koroni and the Dipylon Well. Also listed are lamps from the fill of the third period of the Pnyx Assembly Place. The bold-face dates are simply those requiredby my revision of the dates of the deposits; the range of a type may, of course, have been longer. I have rarely taken into account such subtleties as the relationships between types, which Howland used in constructing his chronology, or the relationship of the types to lamps from other sites. The lists are provided not as a chronological revision but as more or less raw data for the use of other researchers. All dates are B.C.unless otherwise indicated. Abbreviationsand notations: B = Bottom c. = century Constr. = Construction Fill Dip. Well, X = Dipylon Well B1, Abschnitt E = East Branch frr. = fragments [I] = Lamp is probably an intrusion in deposit L = Lower Fill

APPENDIX III

494

LH = Late Hellenistic M = Middle Fill N = North Chamber Pnyx III = fill of Period III of the Pnyx Assembly Place S = South Chamber [T?] = Type not certain U = Upper Fill W = West Branch

? after deposit or lamp = it is not certain that the lamp in question comes from the deposit [deposit and lamps listed within brackets,dates in quotation marks] = not within Hellenistic time range, dates derived from AgoraV and deposit summarieson file in Agora Final date of deposit with slash [e.g. 225/200] = mostly to 225, with a few pieces down to 200 Howland Type 23 D (InkwellLamps) 26 inventoried: 18 from dated contexts Howland: third quarter of 4th century,down into latest years of the century (350-300) Scheibler: 360-260 345 to ca. 275 Pnyx III C 12:2 R 13:11 J5:1,V F 11:2 F 12:3, L O-R 7-10 H 6:9, N, L D 16:1 F 16:6 H 16:7 E3:1 D 17:3 G 12:6 E 14:1, L E 14:6, L

To ca. 335 375-325, disturbed 350-325 325-300/250 350-294 335-294 To ca. 290 375-290 325-275 325-275 325-275 325-250 300-250 300-250 325-200, disturbed 300-200 + some 2nd c.

34 frr.(e.g. Davidson and Thompson 1943, no. 34, p. 53) L 2243 (AgoraIV, no. 236) L 5882 L 5703 L 1427 (AgoraIV, no. 239), L 1586, L 1587 L 1521(AgoraIV, no. 238) L5158 L452 L 4446 L 496 L5510 L 2230 (AgoraIV, no. 240) L4737 L 1656, L 1657 L 1845 L 2445

Howland Type 25 A 105 inventoried:34 from dated contexts laid down after 350 Howland: from middle of second quarter of 4th down into first quarter of 3rd century (365-290) Scheibler: 400-250 To ca. 275 Pnyx III

To ca. 335

C 12:2 H 4:1 J 5:1, VII R 13:11 O 18:2 S 19:3 G 14:2, 14.5 m. D 15:3

375-325, disturbed 375-325 350-325 350-325 350-320 350-315 400-300 + some 3rd c. 375-300

16 frr.(e.g. Davidson and Thompson 1943, nos. 39, 40, 55, pp. 52, 54) L 2627, L 2628 L 5642 L 5708, L 5709 L 5879 L 3398, L 3566 L 3344 L 535 (AgoraIV, no. 283), L 536 L 1935

ADJUSTMENT OF THE CHRONOLOGY OF HELLENISTIC LAMPS J 5:1, VI J5:1,V F 11:2 O-R 7-10? F 16:1, L H 17:5 N 19:1, L F 16:6 H 6:9, N H 6:9, S, L B 13:8, L G 13:4, L O 20:3, I 0 20:2 K 18:2 B 21:25 [R 10:3

350-300 325-300/250 350-294 To ca. 290 350-290, disturbed 375-275, disturbed 350-275 325-275 375-270 325-270 325-260 325-260/200 310-250 250-195 260-190 150-100, disturbed "EarlyRoman"

L 5685 L 5683, L 5686, L 5687, L 5695 L 1447, L 1588 L 4634 L 429 (AgoraIV, no. 275) L617 L 2891 L 504 L 453, L 454 (AgoraIV, no. 281) L 388 (AgoraIV, no. 269) L3187 L 859 (AgoraIV, no. 272) L 3532 (AgoraTV,no. 273) L 3429 L 2815 L 3906 L 4697]

Howland Type 25 A' 54 inventoried:35 from contexts discarded after ca. 350 Howland: late in second quarter of 4th down into second quarterof 3rd century (360-260) Scheibler: 370-250 To ca. 260 Pnyx III 0 22:1 H 4:1 B 19:3 R 13:11 S 19:8 G 14:2, 14.5 m. B 22:3 J5:1,V H 17:5 N 19:1, L B 20:7, L F 16:6? L 17:5 R 13:9 G 13:4, L E3:1

To ca. 335 400-325 375-325 350-325 350-325 350-315? 400-300 + some 3rd c. ca. 300 325-300/250 375-275, disturbed 350-275 325-275 325-275 290-275 300-265 325-260/200 325-250

Q6:5 H 16:3 F 17:3, M D 11:2 E 14:1, L B 18:13, L H-K 12-14 M-N 15:1

275-250 320-240 315-225/200 300-215 325-200, disturbed 250-190 To ca. 180 To ca. 150

11 frr.(e.g. Davidson and Thompson 1943, no. 69, p. 56) L 3693 L 5643 L4176 L 5869 L3472 L 530 (AgoraIV, no. 297), L 531 L 4060 L 5682, L 5700 L 618 (AgoraIV, no. 285) L 2889 L 4107 (AgoraIV, no. 293), L 4108 L 506 (AgoraIV, no. 295) L5346 L 5884 L 860 (AgoraIV, no. 286), L 862 (AgoraIV, no. 287) L 2225 (AgoraIV, no. 294), L 2226, L 2229 (AgoraIV, no. 296), L 2232 (AgoraIV, no. 292) L5735 L 549 (AgoraIV, no. 288) L 5320, L 5321 L 2638 L 1851, L 1927 (AgoraIV, no. 298), L 1928 (AgoraIV, no. 290) L 4165 L 846 L 5020, L 5045

495

APPENDIX III

496

Howland Type 25 B 57 inventoried:34 from dated contexts Howland: second half of 4th into first quarter of 3rd century (350-290) Scheibler: 350-250 340-ca. 275 Pnyx III J 11:1 C 12:2 D 17:12, L J 5:1, VII K6:2 0 18:2 G 14:2, 14.5 m. H 17:6 J5:1,V F 11:2 O-R 7-10 P 10:1 N 19:1, L D-E 8-9:1 F 16:6 F 16:8 E 14:10, L E 3:1 O 20:3, I K-L 18-20:1, E H 16:3 O 20:2 H-K 12-14 M21:1 P-R 6-12 A-B 19-20:1

To ca. 335 400-325 375-325, disturbed 350-325 350-325 350-325 350-320 400-300 + some 3rd c. 330-300 325-300/250 350-294 To ca. 290 325-285 350-275 325-275, disturbed 325-275 325-275 350-250 325-250 310-250 300-250, disturbed 320-240 250-195 To ca. 180 250-175 To ca. 150 To 86

2 frr.(e.g. Davidson and Thompson 1943, no. 42, p. 53) L 4874, L 4886 L 2242 (AgoraIV, no. 301) L 4584 L 5707 L 4130 (AgoraIV, no. 302) L 3418 L534 L 550 L 5684 L 1426 (AgoraIV, no. 303) L 4641 (AgoraIV, no. 305) L 3097 (AgoraIV, no. 306) L 2886 L 2082 L 502 L 5547, L 5550, L 5551, L 5557 L 2448, L 3966 L 2228 L 3531, L 3540 (AgoraIV, no. 310), L 3541 L 307 L539 (AgoraIV, no. 311) L3412 L 702 (AgoraIV, no. 313), L 744 (AgoraIV, no. 312) L 4367 L 4703 (AgoraIV, no. 314) L 4300 (AgoraTV,no. 309)

Howland Type 25 B' 109 inventoried:56 from dated contexts Howland: third quarter of 4th into second quarterof 3rd century (340-260) Scheibler: 350-250 340-ca. 250 Pnyx III A 20:3 C 12:2 B 18:7, L 0 18:2 S 19:3 G 14:2, 14.5 m. B 18:1 M 18:5 O-R 7-10 C 14:7 F 16:1, L N 16:2 P 10:1

To ca. 335 350-340 375-325, disturbed 350-325 350-320 350-315 400-300 + some 3rd c. 325-300 325-300 To ca. 290 400-290 350-290, disturbed 350-290 325-285

4 frr.(e.g. Davidson and Thompson 1943, no. 67, pp. 55-56) L 4021 (AgoraIV, no. 318) L 2629 L 4321 (AgoraIV, no. 322) L 3567 L 4529 L 532 L 4400 (AgoraIV, no. 319) L 2806 L 4759 (AgoraIV, no. 327), L 4836, L 4637?, L 4646? L 2323 L417 L 5100 L 3096 (AgoraIV, no. 324)

ADJUSTMENT OF THE CHRONOLOGY OF HELLENISTIC LAMPS N 19:1, L D 16:1 D-E 8-9:1 F 16:8 Q10:1 J 12:3 H 6:9, S, L B 19:6 B 13:8, L G 13:4, L Dip. Well, II E 3:1 O 20:3, I D 17:3 H 16:3 B 13:7, B

350-275 325-275 325-275, disturbed 325-275 310-275 350-270 325-270 290-270 325-260 325-260/200 280-260 325-250 310-250 300-250 320-240 300-220

D 11:2 B 20:7, U E 14:1, L E 14:6, L A 18:1, L O 20:1, L K 18:2 H-K 12-14 Q8-9 M-N 15:1 (4) P-R 6-12 E 14:3

300-215 325-200 325-200, disturbed 300-200 + some 2nd c. 275-200 + few LH frr. 300-195 260-190 To ca. 180 Toca. 180 To ca. 150 To ca. 150 115-50, disturbed

L 2887, L 2888 L 4479, L 4480 L 2083 L 5548, L 5549 L5105 L 1090 L 1565 L 4354 (AgoraIV, no. 321) L 3043 (AgoraIV, no. 325) L 863 (AgoraIV, no. 323) Braun 1970, no. 95 L 2381 (AgoraIV, no. 328) L 3533 (AgoraIV, no. 333) L 4738 L 650 (AgoraIV, no. 329) L 3052 (AgoraIV, no. 338), L 3053, L 3055, L 3056 (AgoraIV, no. 331), L 3057 (AgoraIV, no. 337) L 2636 L4100 L 1813, L 1847 (AgoraIV, no. 335), L 1859, L 1876 L2401 L 4173-L 4175 L 3468 L 2814 (AgoraIV, no. 332), L 2817 L 703 (AgoraIV, no. 326) L 4747 L 5079 L 1125 L 4666

Howland Type 25 C' 20 inventoried: 13 from dated contexts Howland: third quarter of 4th down into first quarter of 3rd century (350-290) Scheibler: (400) 350-250 325-?60

(PaceHowland, none in Pnyx III) D 17:12, U 350-325, disturbed F 12:3, M 310-275 R 13:9 300-265 G 13:4, L 325-260/200 E 3:1 325-250 0 20:3, I 310-250 275-250 Q6:5 0 20:3, I/II 310-225 D 11:2 300-215 0 20:2 250-195 H-K 12-14 To ca. 180 190-140 Dip. Well, X

L 4665 (AgoraIV, no. 341) L 1585 (AgoraIV, no. 344) L 5883, L 5885 L 1566 (AgoraIV, no. 342) L 2382 (AgoraIV, no. 343) L 3534 (AgoraIV, no. 349), L 3535 (AgoraIV, no. 348) L 5736 L 3529 (AgoraIV, no. 346) L 2637 L 3628 L 5005 Braun 1970, no. 201

497

APPENDIX HI

498

Howland Type 25 D' 17 inventoried: 12 from dated contexts Howland: late in third quarter of 4th into first quarter of 3rd century (330-290) Scheibler: 330-250 335-270 Pnyx III

To ca. 335

J5:1,V N 19:1, L D 16:1 F 5:2 B 19:6 G 13:4, L O 20:3, I C 17:2 O 20:3, I/II H-K 12-14

325-300/250 350-275 325-275 300-275 290-270 325-260/200 310-250 290-250 310-225 To ca. 180

1 fr., variant type (Davidson and Thompson 1943, no. 87, p. 58) L 5698 L 2919 L 4478 L 2895 (AgoraIV, no. 351) L 4355 (AgoraIV, no. 352) L 861 (AgoraIV, no. 350) L 3536 (AgoraIV, no. 355), L 3537 (AgoraV, no. 354), L 3538 L 4335 (AgoraIV no. 353) L 3528 L 775

Howland Type 26 A 10 inventoried:5 from dated contexts Howland: from late in second quarter of 4th down into early years of 3rd century (360-290) Scheibler: 350-270 350-275 Pnyx III G 14:2, 14.5 m. F 16:1, L D 17:3 D 11:2 D-E 15:1

To ca. 335 400-300 + some 3rd c. 350-290, disturbed 300-250 300-215 150-90

10-11 frr.(e.g. Davidson and Thompson 1943, no. 62, p. 55?) L 533 (AgoraIV, no. 369) L 635 (AgoraIV, no. 365) L 4739 (AgoraIV, no. 368) L 2163 (AgoraIV, no. 371) L 3919 (AgoraIV, no. 370)

Howland Type 26 B 3 inventoried:2 from dated deposits Howland: second half of 4th century (350-300) 0 18:2 B 13:8, L

350-320 325-260

L 3568 (AgoraIV, no. 373) L 3042 (AgoraV, no. 372)

Howland Type 27 A 18 inventoried:6 from dated contexts Howland: latter years of third quarter of 4th through second quarterof 3rd century (330-250) Scheibler: 340-240 340-250 Pnyx III O-R 7-10 H 6:9, S, L N 21:4, L H-K 12-14 Q8-9 P-R 6-12

To ca. 335 To ca. 290 325-270 250-215 To ca. 180 To ca. 180 To ca. 150

8-9 frr.(e.g. Davidson and Thompson, no. 85, p. 57) L 4642 (AgoraIV, no. 376) L 5886 L 3784 (AgoraIV, no. 380) L 5012 L 4748 L2119

ADJUSTMENT OF THE CHRONOLOGY OF HELLENISTIC LAMPS Howland Type 27 A' 4 inventoried: 1 from dated context Howland: third quarter of 4th into second quarterof 3rd century (330-250) Pnyx III E 14:3

To ca. 335 115-50, disturbed

1 fr. (not inventoried) L 1785 (AgoraIV no. 381)

Howland Type 27 B (imported) 3 inventoried: 2 from dated contexts Howland: about second half of 3rd century,perhaps into early 2nd century (255-190) H-K 12-14 G 6:2

To ca. 180 225-165

L 4993 L 459 (AgoraIV, no. 384)

Howland Type 27 C (imported) 4 inventoried: 1 from dated context Howland: second half of 3rd century and probablyinto 2nd century (260-190) Scheibler: 270-190 270-? Koroni D-E 15:1

290-260 150-90

Vanderpool, McCredie, and Steinberg 1962, no. 29 L 3872 (AgoraIV, no. 385)

Howland Type 27 D 15 inventoried: 12 from dated contexts Howland: later years of 3rd century down to ca. 150 (210-150) 200-140 H 16:3 [I?] 0 20:2 M 18:10 N 21:4, M P-R 6-12 H 16:4 P 20:2 A-B 19-20:1

320-240 + later frr. 250-195 225-175 225-175 To ca. 150 160-130 150-110 To 86

L5215 L 3428 L 5338 L 3774 (AgoraIV, no. 389), L 3775 L 4702 (AgoraIV, no. 390) L 556 (AgoraIV, no. 387), L 557 (AgoraIV, no. 388) L 5607, L 5608, L 5644 L 3829

Howland Type 28 A (Blister-wareLamps) 5 inventoried:4 from dated contexts Howland: last quarter of 4th century into second quarterof 3rd century (325-270) Scheibler: 300-250 O 20:3, II E 14:1, L B 18:13, L

250-225 325-200, disturbed 250-190

L 3523 (AgoraIV, no. 398), L 3525 (AgoraIV, no. 397) L 1933 (AgoraIV, no. 399) L 4166

Howland Type 28 B (Blister-wareLamps) 20 inventoried: 13 from dated contexts Howland: early to late years of 3rd century,but primarilyin first half of century (290-210) Scheibler: 260-190 260-190 E 3:1 O 20:3, II

325-250 250-225

L 2380 (AgoraIV, no. 402) L 3524 (AgoraIV, no. 401), L 3627 (AgoraIV, no. 403)

499

APPENDIX III

500 0 20:3, I-IV E 5:2 H-K 12-14 Q8-9 M21:1 M-N 15:1 (4) Dip. Well, IX M 18:2

310-195 250-190, disturbed To ca. 180 To ca. 180 250-175 To ca. 150 190-140 115-90

L 3545 L 3205 L 5034, L 5060, L 5930 L 4743 L 4195 (AgoraIV, no. 405), L 4371 L 5043 Braun 1970, no. 192 L 2803

Howland Type 29 A (Watch-shapedLamps) 31 inventoried:25 from dated deposits Howland: last quarter of 4th and well into second quarterof 3rd century (325-260) Scheibler: 300-220 270-220 Koroni 325-260 B 13:8, L 325-260 G 13:4, L 325-260/200 E 3:1 325-250 310-250 O 20:3, I G 13:3 300-250 K-L 18-20:1, W 300-250, disturbed 275-250 Q6:5 R 18:1 275-250 B 18:2 ca. 250 F 17:3, M 315-225/200 D 11:2 300-215 H 6:4 260-210 E 14:6, L 300-200 + some 2nd c. G 14:2, 14 m. 300-200 A 18:1, L 275-200 + few LH frr. B 12:2 275-200 B 13:3 260-200 H-K 12-14 To ca. 180 L R21:2, 150-100, disturbed A-B 19-20:1 To 86

Vanderpool, McCredie, and Steinberg 1962, no. 28 L 3041 (AgoraIV, no. 406), L 3186 L 1216 (AgoraIV, no. 407) L 2187 (AgoraIV, no. 408), L 2224 L 3539 (AgoraIV, no. 410) L4077 L 3979 L5737 L 3502 L 4399 L 5318 (glazed underside) L 2639 L 420 L 2400 L 526 L 4228 (glazed underside) L 2497 (glazed underside) L 2506 (glazed underside) L 742 (glazed underside),L 743 (glazed underside) L 3947 L 3853 (glazed underside),L 4298, L 4299 (AgoraIV, no. 411)

Howland Type 29 B (Watch-shapedLamps) 4 inventoried:4 from dated contexts Howland: first quarter and into second quarterof 3rd century (300-265) Scheibler: 260-220 260-220 E 3: F 13:1 D 11:2

325-250 ca. 250 300-215

L 5407 L 1727 (AgoraIV, no. 415) L 2640, L 2694 (AgoraIV, no. 416)

Howland Type 30 B 6 inventoried:5 from dated contexts Howland: ca. middle of 4th into first quarter of 3rd century (350-285) 325-275 D 15:3 N 19:1, L

375-300 350-275

L 1899 (AgoraIV no. 421) L 2890 (AgoraIV, no. 419)

ADJUSTMENT OF THE CHRONOLOGY OF HEI.TLENISTICLAMPS O 20:3,I 117:5 H-K 12-14

310-250 300-200, disturbed To ca. 180

L 3530 (AgoraIV, no. 420) L 600 L 740

Howland Type 30 C 1 inventoried: 1 from dated context Howland: second half of 3rd and perhaps into early 2nd century (250-190) 225-175 M21:1

250-175

L 4373 (AgoraTV,no. 423)

Howland Type 31 3 inventoried:2 from dated contexts Howland: ca. second and third quartersof 3rd century (275-225) Scheibler: 250-220 250-225 J 5:1,V E 14:1, L

325-300/250 325-200, disturbed

L 5702 L 1929 (AgoraIV, no. 424)

Howland Type 32 13 inventoried: 10 from dated contexts Howland: late second quarter of 3rd and at least to end of century,perhaps a little later (255-190) 220-180 H 6:4 P 10:2, L F 17:4 H-K 12-14 Q8-9 M21:1

260-210 265-200 225-190 + few later frr. To ca. 180 To ca. 180 250-175

N 20:7, L

225-165

L 369 (AgoraIV, no. 428) L 4546 L 5561 L 741 (AgoraIV, no. 429), L 1123 (AgoraIV, no. 432) L 4745 L 4193 (AgoraIV, no. 431), L 4194 (AgoraV, no. 430), L 4372 (AgoraIV, no. 425) L 3292 (AgoraIV, no. 427)

Howland Type 33 A 34 inventoried:27 from dated contexts Howland: last quarter of 3rd into third quarter of 2nd century (225-125) Scheibler: 220-150 220-150 H 6:4 F 17:4 N 18:3 H-K 12-14 Q8-9 P21:4 M21:1 B 20:2, L G6:2 N 20:7, L M-N 15:1 P-R6-12 D 17:4, L G 5:3 Dip. Well, XII

260-210 225-190 + few later frr. 225-190 To ca. 180 To ca. 180 225-180 250-175 225-175 + few LH frr. 225-165 225-165 To ca. 150 To ca. 150 200-150 + few LH frr. 175-150 190-140

L 345 (AgoraIV, no. 434) L5567 L 2755 (AgoraIV, no. 435) L 842, L 843, L 5030, L 5031, L 5048, L 5054, 5137 [T?] L 4613 (AgoraIV, no. 437) L 5675 [T?], L 5677 [T?] L 4368 (AgoraIV, no. 436) L 3909 L 460 (AgoraIV, no. 438), L 462 L 3637 L 5025 L 4549 (AgoraIV, no. 439) L 4572 L 3580 (AgoraIV, no. 440) Braun 1970, no. 212

501

APPENDIX III

502 H 16:4 D 17:5, U D 11:4, L B 21:16, III N 21:4, U

160-130 150-100 200-late Istc. Ist c. 1st c. + earlier material

L 558 (AgoraIV, no. 441) L4574 L 3155 (AgoraIX no. 442) L4141 L3754

Howland Type 33 B 3 inventoried: 1 from dated context Howland: last quarter of 3rd into first quarterof 2nd century (225-185) H-K 12-14

To ca. 180

L5113

Howland Type 34 A 58 inventoried: 30 from dated contexts Howland: last quarter of 3rd into third quarterof 2nd century (225-125) Scheibler: 220-140 200-140 H-K 12-14

To ca. 180

Q8-9 Q9:4 G6:2 M-N 15:1 M-N 15:1 (2) P-R 6-12 D 17:5, L F5:1,M E 15:4 E6:1,L R21:2, L A-B 19-20:1 F 13:3, U G 13:8 A 14:1, I A 14:2, L

To ca. 180 250-165 225-165 To ca. 150 To ca. 150 To ca. 150 225-150? 200-150, disturbed 200-125 175-125 150-100, disturbed To 86 150-86 150-86 150-1st c. 1st c.

L 892, L 893, L 896, L 931, L 4991 [T?], L 5016, L 5017, L 5047, L 5050, L 5119, L 5125, L 5150 L 4615 (AgoraIV, no. 448) L5106 L 461 (AgoraIV, no. 449) L 5093 L 5080 L 4723, L 4756 (AgoraIV, no. 451) L 4567 (AgoraIV, no. 446) L 3107 (AgoraIV, no. 453) L 3640 (AgoraIV, no. 447) L 2544 (AgoraIV, no. 456) L 3912 L 3830 L 1808 (AgoraV, no. 452) L712 L 2992, L 2993 L 3016

Howland Type 34 B 18 inventoried:8 from dated contexts Howland: last quarter of 3rd into third quarterof 2nd century (225-125) 160-110 P-R 6-12 H 16:4 P 20:2 C 10:1 A-B 19-20:1

To ca. 150 160-130 150-110 120-90 To 86

L 4722 (AgoraIV, no. 458) L 559 (AgoraIV, no. 460) L 5606, L 5609 L 2620 L 3828 (AgoraIV, no. 457), L 3833, L 3858 (AgoraIV, no. 463)

ADJUSTMENT OF THE CHRONOLOGY OF HF,LENISTIC LAMPS Howland Type 35 A 32 inventoried: 14 from dated contexts Howland: last quarter of 2nd and at least into first quarter of 1st century (125-70) Scheibler: 140-50 140-70 O 17:6 F 15:2

200-125 150-110

H 12:1 A-B 19-20:1 F 13:3, U N 20:4, I N 20:4, IV E 14:3

150-100 To 86 150-86 110-75 110-75 115-50, disturbed

L 5327 L 1305, L 1306 (AgoraIV, no. 468), L 1309, L 1310, L 1312, L 1386, L 1387 L3087 L 3799 L 1779 L 3321 (AgoraIV, no. 470) L 3309 (AgoraIV, no. 471) L 1784 (AgoraIV, no. 469)

Howland Type 35 A 2 inventoried: 1 from dated context Howland: last quarter of 2nd and at least into first quarterof 1st century (125-70) E 14:3

115-50, disturbed

L 4667 (AgoraIV, no. 473)

Howland Type 35 B 15 inventoried: 7 from dated contexts Howland: late 2nd to late 1st century (110-1) 80-50? I-O 10:1 [ L 19:2, U ] E 14:3 D 11:4, L R 10:1

To ca. 140, disturbed 200-140? 115-50, disturbed 200-late 1st c. 100-A.D. 10

L 5489 L 4038 (AgoraIV, no. 474) L 1788 (AgoraIV, no. 476) L 2094 (AgoraIV, no. 478), L 3153 (AgoraIV no. 479) L 4712, L 4857 (AgoraIV, no. 480)

Howland Type 35 C and 35 C' 3 inventoried:none from dated contexts

Howland Type 35 D 4 inventoried: 1 from dated context Howland: late 1st century and 1st century after Christ (20-A.D.90) N 21:4, U

1st c. + earlier material

L3753

Howland Type 36 A 2 inventoried:2 from dated contexts laid down after 350 Howland: ca. second half of 4th century (350-300) To ca. 275 O-R 7-10? F 5:2

To ca. 290 300-275

L 4638 (AgoraIV no. 487) L 2900 (AgoraIV, no. 486)

503

APPENDIX III

504 Howland Type 36 B 3 inventoried: 1 from dated context Howland: first half of 3rd century (300-250) E 14:1, L

325-200, disturbed

L 1932 (AgoraIV, no. 490)

Howland Type 37 A 4 inventoried:3 from dated contexts Howland: late 2nd and early 1st centuries (115-90) Scheibler: 150-90 120-90 I 17:5 [I] F 15:2 N 20:4, IV

300-200, disturbed 150-110 110-75

L 599 (AgoraIV, no. 494) L 1300 (AgoraIV, no. 492) L 3310 (AgoraI, no. 495)

Howland Type 37 B 26 inventoried: 10 from dated contexts Howland: late 2nd into second quarter of 1st century (110-55) Scheibler: 130-50 110-70? B 18:12, U D-E 15:1 M 20:1, L N 20:4, II N 20:4, IV D 11:4,L E 15:3, L B 13:7, 2nd

150-100 150-90 115-86 110-75 110-75 200-late 1st c. 150-1st c. 125-1st c.

L4272 L 3873 (AgoraIV, no. 497) L 3644 (AgoraIV, no. 498) L 3320, L 3324, L 4410 L 3308 (AgoraIV, no. 499) L 2095 L 1853 (AgoraIV, no. 496) L3037

Howland Type 37 C 2 inventoried:none from dated contexts Howland Type 38 (Delos lamps) 3 inventoried:3 from dated contexts Howland: about second quarterof 2nd to first quarterof 1st century (175-90) 160-90 P-R 6-12 D-E 15:1 E 10:1

To ca. 150 150-90 120-86, disturbed

L 4548 (AgoraIV, no. 514) L 3875 (AgoraIV, no. 512) L 2621 (AgoraIV, no. 513)

Howland Type 39 5 inventoried:2 from dated contexts Howland: late 2nd into 1st century (115-90) Scheibler: 150-80 120-100 C 20:2 F 15:2

200-150 + few LH frr. 150-110

L 4385 (AgoraIV, no. 515) L 1385 (AgoraIV, no. 516)

ADJUSTMENT OF THE CHRONOLOGY OF HELEIJNISTICLAMPS Howland Type 39' 2 inventoried: 1 from dated context Howland: late 2nd century and early years of 1st century (115-90) D 11:4, L

200-late 1st c.

L 3157 (AgoraIV, no. 518)

Howland Type 40 A (Knidos lamps) 8 inventoried:2 from dated contexts Howland: second half of 2nd and first quarter of 1st century (150-70) D 4:1, I [D 11:1

100-50 "50-A.D.50"

L 935 (AgoraIV, no. 521) L 2766]

Howland Type 40 B 1 inventoried:none from dated contexts Howland Type 41 6 inventoried:none from dated Hellenistic contexts Howland Type 42 A 2 inventoried: 1 from dated context Howland: ca. first quarter of 3rd century (300-275) Scheibler: 260-250 250-225 0 20:3, II

250-225

L 3522 (AgoraIV, no. 529)

Howland Type 42 B 8 inventoried:6 from dated contexts Howland: first half of 3rd century (300-250) Scheibler: 260-230 260-230 A 17:3 D 16:6 P 10:2, L H-K 12-14 Q8-9

310-250 250-240 265-200 To ca. 180 To ca. 180

L 5275 L 4631 (AgoraIV, no. 531) L 4547 L 773 (AgoraIV, no. 533), L 5049 L 4616

Howland Type 42 C 5 inventoried:5 from dated contexts Howland: second to third quarter of 3rd century (275-225) Scheibler: 260-210 230-200 F 17:3, M N 21:4, L E 14:1, L A 18:1, L

315-225/200 250-215 325-200, disturbed 275-200 + few LH frr.

L5316 L 3781, L 3808 (AgoraIV, no. 534) L 1854 (AgoraIV, no. 535) L 4171

505

APPENDIX III

506

Howland Type 42 D 12 inventoried: 10 from dated contexts Howland: second and third quartersof 3rd century (275-225) Scheibler: 250-220 210-190 E 14:1, L G 14:2, 14 m. E 5:2 N 20:6, L H-K 12-14 R21:2, L

325-200, disturbed 300-200 250-190, disturbed 225-190 To ca. 180 150-100, disturbed

L 1857 L 528 (AgoraIV, no. 536) L3199 L 3287 (AgoraIV, no. 538), L 3294 L 5014, L 5053, L 5064, L 5452 L 3864

Howland Type 43 A 30 inventoried: 18 from dated contexts Howland: second half of 3rd century (250-200) 230-190 F 17:3, M N 21:4, L B 13:3 E5:2 N 20:6, U H-K 12-14 P21:4 M21:1 N 20:7, L 0 16:3 D 17:5, L H 16:4 H 14:3

315-225/200 250-215 260-200 250-190, disturbed 225-190 To ca. 180 225-180 250-175 225-165 210-160 225-150? 160-130 160-110

L5319 L 3776 (AgoraIV, no. 544), L 3777 (AgoraIV, no. 539) L3178 L 2738 L 3285 L 895, L 4988, L 5010, L 5013, L 5058 L 5674 L4374 L 3291 L5217 [T?] L 4569 (AgoraIV, no. 540) L 554 L5412 [T?]

Howland Type 43 B 20 inventoried: 18 from dated contexts Howland: third and fourth quarter of 3rd century,perhaps a little later (250-190) 225-180 D 11:2 E 14:1, L B 13:1, L B 13:3 P6:6 K 18:2 E 5:2 N 20:6, L H-K 12-14 Q8-9 P21:4 M21:1 M 20:4, L

300-215 325-200, disturbed 300-200 260-200 250-200 260-190 250-190, disturbed 225-190 To ca. 180 To ca. 180 225-180 250-175 225-175

L 2641 L 1930 (AgoraIV, no. 547) L3181 L 3179 (AgoraIV, no. 548) L5713 L 2816 L 3200 L 3306 L 774, L 5056, L 505 L 4619, L 4620, L 4746 L 5653, L 5670 L 4369 (AgoraIV, no. 545) L 3215

ADJUSTMENT OF THE CHRONOLOGY OF HEI.ENISTIC LAMPS Howland Type 43 C 12 inventoried: 10 from dated contexts Howland: late in third quarter and fourth quarterof 3rd century (230-200) 210-190 B 20:7, U E 14:1, L A 18:1, L H-K 12-14 N20:7, L H 6:9, S, U N 19:1, U

325-200 325-200, disturbed 275-200 + few LH frr. To ca. 180 225-165 225-160 110-early 1st century A.D.

L4673 L 1852 (AgoraIV, no. 551), L 1856 L4172 L 849 (AgoraIV, no. 550), L 4992 [T?], L 5052 [T?] L 3293 (AgoraIV, no. 553) L270 L2734

Howland Type 43 D 35 inventoried: 16 from dated contexts Howland: last quarter of 3rd through first half of 2nd century (225-140) Scheibler: 210-140 210-150 B 13:1, L A 18:1, L F 17:4 H-K 12-14 P21:4 G6:2 M-N 15:1 (4) P-R 6-12 D 17:5, L F 5:1, M E 6:2, L A-B 19-20:1 N 21:4, U

300-200 275-200 + few LH frr. 225-190 + few later frr. To ca. 180 225-180 225-165 To ca. 150 To ca. 150 225-150? 200-150, disturbed 175-125 To 86 1st c. + earlier material

L 2500 (AgoraIV no. 556) L4229 L 5565 L 894, L 1006 L 5672, L 5676 L1115 (AgoraIV,no. 557) L5021 [T?] L 4550 (AgoraIV, no. 554) L 4568 (AgoraIV, no. 555) L3198 L 2543 (AgoraIV, no. 559) L 3794, L 3820 L 3755 (AgoraIV, no. 561)

Howland Type 43 D' 2 inventoried: 1 from dated context, but lamp is residual Howland: first half of 2nd century (200-140) E 14:3

115-50, disturbed

L 1782

Howland Type 43 E 6 inventoried:2 from dated contexts Howland: ca. last quarter of 3rd to early years of 1st century (225-90) Scheibler: 210-90 150-86? F 13:3 E 18:7

150-86 150-86

L 1994 L 5568

Howland Type 44 A 8 inventoried:6 from dated contexts Howland: second quarter to end of 1st century (75-1) 75-1 E 14:1, L A 14:2, L

325-200, disturbed 1st c.

L 1811 (AgoraIV, no. 570) L 3024 (AgoraIV, no. 572)

507

APPENDIX III

508 N 19:1, U [S 21:1, L [R 13:1

110-early 1st century A.D. "15-A.D. 15" "15-A.D. 50"

L 2719 (AgoraIV,no. 569), L 3222 (AgoraIV, no. 571) L3718] L 2285]

Howland Type 44 B 4 inventoried:none from dated contexts Howland Types 44 C, 44 D Beyond range of Hellenistic deposits Howland Type 45 A (earliestimported relief lamps) 6 inventoried:5 from dated deposits Howland: 3rd century,middle years into third quarter (260-230) Scheibler: 260-200 230-190 N 21:4, L H-K 12-14

250-215 To ca. 180

L 3783 (AgoraIV, no. 581), L 3807 (AgoraIV, no. 580) L 706 (AgoraIV, no. 582), L 5055, L 5148

Howland Type 45 B (also imported?) 2 inventoried: 1 from dated context Howland: third quarter of 3rd century (250-225) Scheibler: 250-200 K7:1

275-200

L 1888

Howland Type 45 C 27 inventoried:21 from dated contexts Howland: later 3rd century, from about the middle of 3rd quarter through the rest of century, perhaps into earliest years of 2nd century (235-190) Scheibler: 230-170 220-175 E 14:1, L G 14:2, 14 m. B 13:3 E5:2 F 17:4 H-K 12-14

325-200, disturbed 300-200 260-200 250-190, disturbed 225-190 + few later frr. To ca. 180

Q8-9 M21:1 N 20:7, L M-N 15:1 F 5:1, M G 5:3 H 12:1 F 13:3, U B 13:7, 2nd B 22:4, U

To ca. 180 250-175 225-165 To ca. 150 200-150, disturbed 175-150 150-100 150-86 125-1st c. 1st c.

L 1846 (AgoraIV, no. 584), L 1850 (AgoraIV, no. 586) L527 L 3180 L2739 L 5563 L 932 (AgoraIV, no. 585), L 4761 (AgoraIV, no. 588), L 4994, L 5051 L 4749 L 4192 (AgoraIV, no. 587), L 4731 L 3638 L 5042 L3197 L 3584 L 3325 L 1806 L 3039 L 4053

ADJUSTMENT OF THE CHRONOLOGY OF HELTTENISTICLAMPS Howland Type 46 A 12 inventoried: 11 from dated contexts Howland: mid-3rd century and through its third quarter (255-220) 230-200 N 21:4, L H 6:4 E 14:1, L F 17:4 H-K 12-14 Q8-9

250-215 260-210 325-200, disturbed 225-190 + few later frr. To ca. 180 To ca. 180

L 3778 (AgoraIV, no. 591), L 3809 L 402 (AgoraIV, no. 592) L 1855 (AgoraIV, no. 589), L 1924 (AgoraIV, no. 590) L 5562, L 5566 L 4990, L 5451 L 4621, L 4647

Howland Type 46 B 20 inventoried: 16 from dated contexts Howland: middle of second quarter of 3rd century and through its third quarter (265-220) Scheibler: 250-220 225-190 B 13:7, B H 6:4 E 14:1, L P 6:6 0 20:2 0 20:3, IV K 18:2 F 17:4 N 18:3 N 20:6, L N 20:7, L M-N 15:1 B 13:7, 2nd

300-220 260-210 325-200, disturbed 250-200 250-195 250-195 260-190 225-190 + few later frr. 225-190 225-190 225-165 Toca. 150 125-1st c.

L 3183 (AgoraIV, no. 594) L 361 (AgoraIV, no. 598) L 1812, L 1925 (AgoraIV, no. 597), L 1931 (AgoraIV, no. 595) L5714 L 3430, L 3431 (AgoraIV, no. 596) L 3483 L 2802 L 5564 L3216 L 4409 L 3296 L 5022 L 3085

Howland Type 46 C 17 inventoried: 11 from dated contexts Howland: 3rd century,third into fourth quarters(250-215) Scheibler: 230-160 210-180 E 14:1, L B 18:7, U H-K 12-14 Q8-9 G6:2 N 20:7, L M-N 15:1 (4) B 13:7, 2nd

325-200, disturbed 300-200 To ca. 180 To ca. 180 225-165 225-165 To ca. 150 125-1st c.

L 1849 (AgoraIV, no. 602), L 1923 L 4672 (AgoraIV, no. 603) L 772 (AgoraIV, no. 600), L 5029, L 5033 L4744 L 1114 L 3297 L 5041 [imported?] L 3040

Howland Type 46 D 5 inventoried:4 from dated contexts Howland: third and fourth quartersof 3rd century (250-200) 210-180 0 20:3, IV Q8-9 P21:4

250-195 To ca. 180 225-180

L 3469 (AgoraIV, no. 606) L 4633 (AgoraIV, no. 607), L 464 L5673

509

APPENDIX III

510

Howland Type 46 E 7 inventoried:6 from dated contexts [severalare in pale clay, including L 5667, from same mold as L 822, with normal clay] Howland: late third quarter and into last quarter of 3rd century (230-205) 225-200 F 17:3, M P6:5 H-K 12-14 P-R 6-12 E 29:2

315-225/200 ca. 225 To ca. 180 To ca. 150 200-100

L5317 L 5667 L 822 (AgoraIV, no. 610), L 5063 L 1109 L 5419

Howland Type 47 A 5 inventoried:2 from dated contexts Howland: mid-3rd century,through third quarter (260-215) 225-190? H-K 12-14 M-N 15:1?

To ca. 180 To ca. 150

L4763 L 5018

Howland Type 47 B 2 inventoried: 1 from dated context Howland: 3rd century,third into fourth quarters(250-215) Scheibler: 250-180(?) N 20:7, L

225-165

L 3298 (AgoraIV, no. 614)

Howland Type 47 C 8 inventoried:5 from dated contexts Howland: late 3rd through late 2nd century (215-110) 200-110 H-K 12-14 P-R 6-12 D 19:2, I A-B 19-20:1

To ca. 180 To ca. 150 110-90 To 86

L 1091 L 4614 (AgoraIV, no. 615) L 3908 (AgoraIV, no. 617), L 4088 L 3818 (AgoraIV, no. 618)

Howland Type 48 A 67 inventoried:32 from dated contexts Howland: late third quarter of 3rd into last quarterof 2nd century (230-105) Scheibler: 150-90 200-100 E 14:1, L H-K 12-14 P21:4 M21:1 Q-R 10-11:1 H 16:4 F 15:2

325-200, disturbed To ca. 180 225-180 250-175 200-165 160-130 150-110

D-E 15:1 A-B 19-20:1 F 13:3, U M 20:1, M

150-90 To 86 150-86 115-86

L 1926 (AgoraIV, no. 620) L 841, L 5061, L 5136, L 5149 L5652 L 4370 (AgoraIV, no. 621) L4753 L 551, L 552 [T?], L 553 (AgoraIV, no. 622) L 1304, L 1330, L 1388, L 1389 (AgoraIV, no. 623), L 1390, L 1393-L 1398 L 3918 (AgoraIV, no. 626) L 3831, L 3834 L 1807 L2720

ADJUSTMENT OF THE CHRONOLOGY OF HELL.ENISTICLAMPS N 20:4, II D 11:4,L A 14:1, I B 22:5 N 19:1, U

110-75 200-late 1st c. 150-1st c. 100-1 + earlier material 110-early 1st century A.D.

L 3312 L 2099 L 2989 L 3695 (AgoraIV, no. 624) L 2860

Howland Type 48 B 4 inventoried: 1 from dated context Howland: second half of 2nd century (150-100) Scheibler: 170-130 D 17:5, U

150-100

L 4558 (AgoraIV, no. 637)

Howland Type 48 C 9 inventoried:3 from dated contexts Howland: third and fourth quartersof 2nd century (150-100) H-K 12-14 [?] F 15:2 E 14:3

To ca. 180 150-110 115-50, disturbed

L5032 L 1400 (AgoraIV, no. 640) L 1781

Howland Type 48 D 5 inventoried:2 from dated contexts Howland: late 2nd century (115-100) C 19:3 R 21:2, L

150-100 150-100, disturbed

L 4503 (AgoraIV, no. 647) L 3913

Howland Type 48 E 1 inventoried: 1 from dated context Howland: last quarter of 2nd century (125-100) 125-110 F 15:2

150-110

L 1401 (AgoraIV, no. 648)

Howland Type 49 A (Ephesos Lamps) 18 inventoried:8 from dated contexts Howland: from last quarter of 2nd century into first quarter of 1st century after Christ (120-A.D. 10) 100-A.D.

G 14:2, U D 11:4,L E 15:3, L D 12:2, L [Q 13:1 [D 4:1, II [E 11:2

10

100-70 200-late 1st c. 150-1st c. Ist c. "A.D. 1-15" "A.D. 1-50" "A.D. 1-50"

L 513 (AgoraIV, no. 653) L 3154 (AgoraIV, no. 656) L 1817 (AgoraIV, no. 649) L 2020 (AgoraIV, no. 652), L 3158 (AgoraIV, no. 654) L 2649 (AgoraIV, no. 662)] L 2979 (AgoraIV, no. 661)] L 2545]

Howland Type 49 B 7 inventoried:none from contexts laid down before 1st century after Christ Howland: early years of 1st century after Christ (A.D. 1-20)

511

APPENDIX III

512 Howland Type 50 A (Knidos Lamps) 2 inventoried: 1 from dated context Howland: late 2nd and 1st century (110-1) N 19:1, U

110-early 1st century A.D. L 2696 (AgoraIV, no. 668)

Howland Type 50 B 23 inventoried: 9 from dated contexts Howland: from last quarter of 2nd century into early years of 1st century after Christ (105-A.D.20) Scheibler: 70-A.D. 20 50-A.D. 20

F5:1, M [ R 10:1 [D 11:1 [D 4:1, II [K 18:1, B [E 14:7

200-150, disturbed 100-A.D. 10 "50-A.D.50" "A.D. 1-50"

"A.D.85-115" "A.D. 1-140"

L3091 (AgoraIV, no. 670) L 4710 (AgoraIV, no. 672), L 4855 (AgoraIV, no. 676) L 2204, L 2240 (AgoraIV, no. 671)] L 2932 (AgoraV, G 127), L 3204 (AgoraIV, no. 674)] L 2908] L 3129]

Howland Type 50 C 2 inventoried:none from contexts laid down before 1st century after Christ Howland: 1st century after Christ, ca. second to third quarters,perhaps a little later (A.D. 15-90) Howland Type 50 D 5 inventoried: 2 from dated contexts Howland: last quarter of 2nd century to ca. 86 (125-86) F 15:2 N 19:1, M

150-110 125-86

L 1403 (AgoraIV, no. 680) L 2884 (AgoraIV, no. 682)

Howland Type 51 A 3 inventoried: 2 from dated contexts Howland: last quarter of 2nd century (125-100) F 15:2 H 12:1

150-110 150-100

L 1391 (AgoraIV, no. 684) L 3137 (AgoraIV, no. 685)

Howland Type 51 B 13 inventoried: 7 from dated contexts Howland: last years of 2nd century and down to 86 (110-86) Scheibler: 120-80 120-86 F 15:2 C 19:3 R 21:2, L M-N 18:1, L E 15:3, L

150-110 150-100 150-100, disturbed 100-50 150-1st c.

L 1303, L 1392 (AgoraIV, no. 687) L 4502 (AgoraIV, no. 690) L 3863 (AgoraIV, no. 688) L 2790 L 1816 (AgoraIV, no. 691), L 1858 (AgoraIV, no. 686)

Howland Type 51 C 7 inventoried:2 from dated contexts Howland: late years of 2nd century and down to 86 (110-86) D 19:2, I E 6:2, U

110-90 115-86

L 3907 L 2542 (AgoraIV, no. 693)

LAMPS ADJUSTMENT OF THE CHRONOLOGY OF HE.TJLENISTIC

513

Howland Type 51 D 3 inventoried: 2 from dated contexts Howland: late 2nd and early 1st centuries (115-90) 100-75 N 20:4, II D 11:4,L

110-75 200-late 1st c.

L 3313 (AgoraIV no. 695) L 3156 (AgoraIV, no. 696)

Howland Type 52 A 9 inventoried:2 from dated contexts Howland: 1st century,ca. second and third quarters(75-25) Scheibler: 100-40 75-50 E 14:3

115-50, disturbed

L 1770 (AgoraIV, no. 702), L 1787 (AgoraIV, no. 700)

Howland Type 52 B 26 inventoried:9 from dated contexts Howland: last quarter of 1st century and into early years of 1st century after Christ (25-A.D. 10) Scheibler: 70-A.D. 20

From ca. 25 B 21:16, IV R 10:1 [Q 13:1 [D 11:1

100-A.D. 10 "A.D. 1-15"

[R 13:1

"15-A.D.50"

[E 14:7

"A.D. 1-140"

Ist c.

"50-A.D. 50"

L 4142 L 4699 L 2344 (AgoraIV, no. 705)] L 2200, L 2201 (AgoraTV,no. 713), L 2237, L 2245] L 2482 (AgoraIV, no. 712)] L3131]

Howland Type 52 C 29 inventoried:8 from dated contexts Howland: ca. third quarter of 1st century and at least into first quarter of 1st century after Christ (50-A.D. 10) From ca. 25 N 19:1, U R 10:1 [E 11:2 [E 14:2 [K 18:1, B [E 14:7 [B 14:1

11 -early 1st century A.D. 100-A.D. 10 "A.D. 1-50"

"A.D. 1-100" "A.D.85-115" "A.D. 1-140" "A.D.50-250"

L 2697 (AgoraIV, no. 718) L 4705 (AgoraIV, no. 714) L 2546 (AgoraIV, no. 715)] L 3120 (AgoraIV, no. 725)] L 2946] L3121, L 3123] L 3038]

Howland Type 52 D 3 inventoried:none from dated contexts Howland Type 52 E 26 inventoried: 12 from dated contexts Howland: third quarter of 1st century into the earliestyears of the 1st century after Christ (50-A.D. 20). From ca. 50 F 19:6 N 21:3 N 19:1, U [QO13:1 [D 11:1

110-40 100-1 110 -early 1st century A.D. "A.D. 1-15" "50-A.D. 50"

L 3744 (AgoraIV no. 728), L 3745 L 3726 (AgoraIV, no. 732) L 3223, L 2721 (AgoraV, no. 736) L 2647 (AgoraIV, no. 734)] L2757]

APPENDIX III

514 [R 13:1 [D 4:1, II [F 13:2, B [E 14:7

"15-A.D. 50" "A.D. 1-50"

"A.D. 50-100" "A.D. 1-140"

L 2483] L 2982 (AgoraIV, no. 735), L 2983 (AgoraIV, no. 727)] L 1841] L 3122 (AgoraIV, no. 737)]

Howland Type 52 F 8 inventoried:4 from dated contexts Howland: late 1st century into early 1st century after Christ (15-A.D. 15) N 21:3 [D 11:1 [R9:l

100-1 "50-A.D.

50"

"A.D. 1-100"

L3727 L 2199 (AgoraIV, no. 740), L 2758] L 4649 (AgoraIV, no. 741)]

Howland Type 52 G 2 inventoried:2 from dated contexts Howland: 1st century (85-1) 50-1 D 11:4,L R 10:1

200-late 1st c. 100-A.D. 10

L 2097 (AgoraIV, no. 743) L4711 (AgoraIV, no. 742)

Howland Type 52 H 22 inventoried:none from contexts laid down before 1st century after Christ Howland Type 53 7 inventoried:none from contexts laid down before 1st century after Christ Howland Type 54 A 30 inventoried: 11 from dated contexts Howland: from early 1st century to early years of 1st century after Christ (90-A.D. 10) Scheibler: 80-1 60-A.D. 10

C 20:2 [] M-N 18:1, L D 12:2, L N 21:4, U N 19:1, U R 10:1 [D 11:1 [R 13:1 [E 14:6, U [N 20:1, B

200-150 + few LH frr. 100-50 1st c. 1st c. + earlier material 11 -early 1st century A.D. 100-A.D. 10 "50-A.D. 50" "15-A.D. 50" "A.D. 1-100" "A.D. 1-100"

L 3861 L2756 L 2023 (AgoraIV, no. 763) L 3751 (AgoraIV, no. 771) L 2698 (AgoraIV, no. 762) L 4708 (AgoraIV, no. 765), L 4709 (AgoraIV, no. 768) L 2244 (AgoraIV, no. 769)] L 2286 (AgoraIV, no. 764)] L 3641] L 3985 (AgoraIV, no. 770)]

Howland Type 54 B 9 inventoried:none from contexts laid down before 1st century after Christ Howland: later 1st century through early years of 1st century after Christ (20-A.D. 15) Begins in 1st century after Christ Howland Type 54 C 13 inventoried:5 from dated contexts Howland: about second quarter of 1st century to end of century (75-1) From ca. 60 E 14:3 [D 11:1

115-50, disturbed "50-A.D. 50"

L 1783 (AgoraIV, no. 778) L 2236 (AgoraIV, no. 780), L 2762]

ADJUSTMENT OF THE CHRONOLOGY OF HETIENISTIC LAMPS [M 17:1, I [E 14:7

"ca. A.D. 50" "A.D. 1-140"

515

L 2999 (AgoraV, M 17)] L 3124]

Howland Type 54 D 4 inventoried:none from contexts laid down before 1st century after Christ Howland Type 55 A 1 inventoried:none from dated contexts Howland Type 55 B 13 inventoried: 6 from dated deposits Howland: last years of 1st century to well into first quarter of 1st century after Christ (20-A.D.20) 20-A.D. 20

E 15:3, L R 10:1 [D 11:1 [L 21:1, floor [N 20:1, B

150-1st c. 100-A.D. 10 "50-A.D.50" "A.D. 1-100" "A.D. 1-100"

L 1818 L 4706 (AgoraIV, no. 793) L 2205, L 2241 (AgoraIV, no. 791)] L4178] L 3984 (AgoraIV, no. 789)]

Howland Type 55 C 4 inventoried:none from contexts laid down before 1st century after Christ Howland Type 56 A 11 inventoried: 5 from dated contexts Howland: last years of 1st century into first quarter of 1st century after Christ (15-A.D. 20) Scheibler: 80-1 From ca. 20 E 10:l [1] D 11:4,L B 13:7, 2nd [S 21:1, L [E 14:6, U

120-86, disturbed 200-late Ist c. 125-1st c. "15-A.D.

15"

"A.D. 1-100"

L 2007 (AgoraIV, no. 797) L 5948 L 3036 (AgoraIV, no. 798) L 4380] L 3641]

Howland Type 56 B 2 inventoried:2 from dated contexts Howland: late 1st century into early 1st century after Christ (15-A.D. 15) Begins after turn of era [D 11:1 [E 14:7

"50-A.D. 50" "A.D. 1-140"

L 2202 (AgoraIV, no. 801)] L 3125 (AgoraIV, no. 800)]

Howland Type 57 6 inventoried:5 from dated contexts Howland: 1st century,between its second quarter and the earliestyears of 1st century after Christ (70-A.D. 115-50 Ist-generation mold F 15:2

150-110

L 1308

2nd-generation mold T 17:3 N 19:1, U

Istc. 110-early 1st century A.D.

L5352 L 2699 (AgoraIV, no. 804)

10)

APPENDIX III

516 [D 11:1

"50-A.D.

[E 14:7

"A.D.

50" 1-140"

L 2203 (AgoraIV, no. 805)] L 3189]

Howland Type 58 A 2 inventoried: 1 from dated context Howland: late 2nd and well into 1st century (110-60) 100-50 D 4:1, I

100-50

L 2934 (AgoraIV, no. 806)

Howland Type 58 B 7 inventoried:none from contexts laid down before 1st century after Christ

CONCORDANCES

CONCORDANCES AGORA EXCAVATIONSINVENTORY NUMBERS Inv.No. A 432 A 433 a-c A597 A 598

Cat.no.orpage p. 449, under F 11:2 p. 449, under F 11:2 p. 449, under G 11:4 p. 449, under G 11:4

B 1382-86 B 1627-29 B 1634-36

p. 458, underJ 5:1 p. 458, underJ 5:1 p. 458, underJ 5:1

G 537

p. 109, note 107

I1761 I1803 I1959 I 3059 I 3060 I 5509 15972 I 6524

p. 449, under F 11:2 p. 449, under F 11:2 p. 449, under F 11:2 p. 449, under G 11:4 p. 449, under G 11:4 p. 453, under G 12:20 p. 437, under B 18:13 p. 467, under O-R 7-10

IL 150 IL 646 IL 853 IL 854 IL 904

p. 449, under F 11:2 under 1215 p. 198, note 1 p. 198, note 1 p. 198, note 1

L 445 L 540 L 567 L 599 L 863 L 1003 L 1295 L 1441 L 1727 L 1818 L 1929 L 2007 L 2015 L 2016 L2187 L 2224 L 2380

cf. 1325 p. 455, under H 16:1 p. 455, under H 16:1 p. 457, under I 17:5 cf. 1315 p. 46, note 43 p. 451, under F 15:3 p. 212, note 46; under 1215 p. 450, under F 13:1 p. 447, under E 15:3 p. 458, underJ 5:1 p. 445, under E 10:1 p. 439, under C 8:2 p. 439, under C 8:2 p. 444, under E 3:1 p. 444, under E 3:1 p. 444, under E 3:1

Inv.No. L 3024 L 3091 L3215 L 3502 L3718 L 3719 L3744 L3745 L 3907 L 3979 L 4038 L 4077 L 4090 L 4091 L4272 L 5004 L 5065 L5215 L 5270 L5275 L 5326 L 5327 L5352 L5407 L 5667 L5702 L5713 L5714 L 5809 L 5948

Cat.no.orpage p. 433, under A 14:2 p. 448, under F 5:1 p. 461, under M 20:4 p. 471, under R 18:1 p. 472, under S 21:1 p. 472, under S 21:1 p. 452, under F 19:6 p. 452, under F 19:6 p. 444, under D 19:2 p. 460, under K-L 18-20:1 p. 460, under L 19:2 p. 453, under G 13:3 p. 438, under B 20:2 p. 438, under B 20:2 p. 437, under B 18:12 1794 p. 457, under H-K 12-14 p. 456, under H 16:3 1159 p. 434, under A 17:3 p. 465, under 0 17:5 p. 466, under 0 17:6 p. 472, under T 17:3 p. 444, under E 3:1 p. 467, under P 6:5 p. 458, underJ 5:1 p. 467, under P 6:6 p. 467, under P 6:6 p. 22, note 25 p. 441, under D 11:4

MC 81 MC87 MC 122

p. 449, under F 11:2 p. 449, under F 11:2 p. 449, under F 11:2

P 32 P 50 P 55 P 86 P 89 P 93 P 94 P 95

554 445 233 654 646 1420 cf. 1418 cf. 1409

520 Inv.No. P97 P 99 P 101 P 155 P 158 P 220 P 231 P 232 P 233 P 239 P 248 P 252 P 283 P 284 P 295 P297 P315 P316 P318 P 324 P 336 P 337 P 343 P 353 P 363 P 398 P 400 P 401 P413 P414 P 443 P 446 P 484 P 488 P 505 P517 P518 P519 P 520 P 554 P 555 P557 P 558 P 562 P 563 P 564 P 565 P571 P 572 P 581 P 588

CONCORDANCES Cat.no.orpage 1131 cf. 256 cf. 38, 45 1356 cf. 84; p. 75 cf. 73; p. 68, note 131 102 80 1184 145 800 cf. 1419 cf. 587 1383 1681 cf. 310 cf. 1624 cf. 255 cf. 152 81 cf. 1469 cf. 1469 1281 cf. 1146, 1152; p. 174, note 19 cf. 54 506 720 cf. 602 1400 p.45 169 633 p. 201, note 20 cf. 1672 408 578 571 453 540 cf. 911 881 1322 1427 1372 p. 207 note 22 p. 207, note 22 1251 1252 61 112 1079

Inv.No. P 597 P 598 P 599 P 600 P 601 P 602 P 603 P 604 P 605 P 607 P 608 P 609 P610 P611 P613 P614 P615 P617 P619 P 620 P 621 P 622 P 623 P 624 P 625 P 626 P 634 P 636 P 640 P 729 P737 P 738 P 739 P 740 P741 P 747 P 753 P 808 P 824 P 859 P 861 P 862 P 865 P 866 P867 P 868 P 869 P 902 P 907 P 908

Cat.no.orpage cf. 613 p. 109, note 105 432 436 1514 1577 cf. 1577; p. 234, note 66 406 327 349 962 963 964 1012 cf. 890 1039 901 cf. 926 1155 533 511 512 520 552 449 838 cf. 1341; p. 68, note 131; p. 101, note 83 p. 178, note 45 775 cf. 1252 1129 66 89 68 cf. 1481 333 545 1509 1302 342 1409 cf. 1410 717 cf. 717 982 979 1019 121 170 1297

521

CONCORDANCES Inv.No. P 1012 P 1061 P 1077 P 1078 P 1079 P 1081 P 1083 P 1084 P 1087 P 1089 P 1092 P 1093 P 1104 P 1105 P 1106 P 1107 P 1109 P 1113 P 1427 P 1428 P 1435 P 1443 P 1446 P 1448 P 1449 P 1453 P 1454 P 1456 P 1495

P 1498 P 1505 P 1507 P1511 P 1524 P 1529 P 1530 P 1535 P 1573 P 1577 P 1578 P 1594 P 1812 P 1814 P 1815 P 1816 P 1817 P 1818 P 1819 P 1820

Cat.no.orpage 405 cf. 871 991 1005 cf. 735 188 cf. 812 cf. 812 526 142 cf. 817 cf. 817 p. 456, under H 16:3 p. 456, under H 16:3 409 192 737 p. 444, under E 3:1 cf. 1415; p. 206, note 20 cf. 1415; p. 206, note 20 1161 446 1415 604 1034 cf. 1313 cf. 1414; p. 206, note 20 p. 206, note 20 cf. 833; p. 57, note 82; p. 67, note 128; p. 139, notes 87 and 89 389 p. 206, note 20 1348 378 1800 cf. 1428; p. 207, note 20 cf. 1414; p. 206, note 20 1406 p. 206, note 20 310 1312 p. 123, note 14; p. 124, note 16 cf. 824 1421 cf. 906, 909 cf. 906 909 cf. 968 17 285

Inv.No. P 1821 P 1822 P 1823 P 1829 P 1830 P 1831 P 1832 P 1833 P 1834 P 1835 P 1879 P 1880 P 1889 P 1918 P 1951 P 1987 P 1988 P 2008 P 2106 P2111 P 2137 P 2240 P 2389 P 2390 P 2392 P 2404 P 2450 P 2456 P 2522 P 2523 P 2524 P 2526 P 2527 P 2529 P 2530 P 2533 P 2550 P 2552 P 2553 P 2858 P 2859 P 2860 P 2861 P 2863 P 2864 P 2866 P 2867 P 2868 P 2870 P 2871 P 2876

Cat.no.orpage 283 284 469 cf. 152 cf. 998 995 866 cf. 867 973 cf. 966 1414 cf. 1422; p. 207, note 20 1179 1765 457 1194 990 1474 p. 459, underJ 12:3 p. 92, note 36; p. 111, note 121 1772 cf. 612 1093 942 p. 133, note 63 cf. 56, 61 p. 170, note 6 cf. 427, 434 cf. 968 1050 cf. 973 703 636 1052 cf. 994 cf. 857 128 cf. 39 966 656 185 263 232 cf. 999 cf. 872 863 788 cf. 790 609 p. 177, note 42 5

CONCORDANCES

522 Inv.NJo. P 2877 P 2878 P 2879 P 2880 P 2881 P 2882 P 2933 P 2956 P 2972 P 2974 P 2977 P 2979 P 3124 P 3131 P 3142 P 3146 P 3155 P 3158 P 3160 P 3161 P 3175 P 3176 P 3183 P 3185 P 3187 P 3188 P 3202 P 3211 P 3229 P 3263 P 3265 P 3306 P 3311 P 3312 P 3313 P 3320 P 3321 P 3324 P 3325 P 3326 P 3329 P 3330 P 3331 P 3332 P 3333 P 3334 P 3335 P 3336 P 3337 P 3338 P 3339

Cat.no.orpage 873 643 cf. 795 cf. 1467 p. 132, note 58 493 140 831 390 1375 1693 826 cf. 611, 1193 1647 1358 1606 1631 1360 936 1189 1328 1156 cf. 686 438 p. 49, note 48 1552 1151 cf. 1687 1707 544 1731 551 566 684 686 cf. 686 687 685 691 692 763 762 840 cf. 839 839 841 cf. 839 810 cf. 811 811 cf. 810

Inv.No. P 3340 P 3341 P 3342 P 3343 P 3344 P 3345 P 3347 P 3348 P 3350 P 3351 P 3352 P 3353 P 3355 P 3356 P 3357 P 3358 P 3359 P 3360 P 3361 P 3362 P 3363 P 3364 P 3365 P 3366 P 3368 P 3370 P 3371 P 3372 P 3373 P 3374 P 3375 P 3376 P 3377 P 3410 P 3422 P 3425 P 3426 P 3427 P 3428 P 3429 P 3438 P 3497 P 3499 P 3500 P 3501 P 3503 P 3504 P 3507 P 3508 P 3509

Cat.no.orpage cf.811 cf. 810 931 929 cf. 929 928 930 cf. 929 904 933 cf. 947 cf. 961, 964; p. 160, note 50 cf. 1041 1043 402 cf. 402 947 1105 1239 cf. 1122 513 cf. 533 cf. 1273; p. 66, note 126; p. 68, note 130; p. 79 1273 cf. 1281 p. 48, note 45 cf. 1235, 1273;p. 79 p. 66, note 127 pp. 44, 79 1506 1507 1503 p. 34, note 115 1122 1041 1603 1582 1594 1612 1611 541 p. 449, under F 11:2 cf. 870 985 132 786 649 639 1463 1069

CONCORDANCES Inv.No. P 3510 P 3511 P 3513 P 3551 P 3559 P 3562 P 3565 P 3635 P 3642 P 3643 P 3661 P 3690 P 3700 P 3774 P 3778 P 3779 P 3783 P 3784 P 3794 P 3833 P 3835 P 3836 P 3866 P 3916 P 3992 P 3993 P 3994 P 3995 P 3999 P 4002 P 4003 P 4004 P 4005 P 4006 P 4007 P 4008 P 4009 P 4016 P 4033 P 4050 P 4052 P 4063 P 4064 P 4065 P 4066 P 4067 P 4068 P 4069 P 4074 P 4075

Cat.no.orpage 780 cf. 1470 1674 cf. 1573 p. 449, under F 11:2 p. 449, under F 11:2 1289 cf. 485 1350 1750 cf. 611, 1193 1283 1336 1518 cf. 38, 45, 50 p. 126, note 31 cf. 6, 101 cf. 1467 1706 1760 764 cf. 1784 cf. 1653 1330 1110 45 34 1364 cf. 890 cf. 331,349; p. 110, note 112 1113 cf. 484 423 p. 51, note 54; p. 114, note 134 500 p. 125, note 23 1519 p. 89, note 18 cf. 601 884 cf. 213 972 cf. 192 cf. 89; p. 47, note 44; p. 68, note 131; p. 73; p. 101, note 83 p. 49, note 46 1667 cf. 1435 47 1616 p. 78

Inv.No. P 4076 P 4077 P 4078 P 4094 P 4096 P 4098 P4115 P 4116 P4117 P4127 P4141 a P4141 c, d P4141 e P4141 f P4141 g P 4159 P 4161 P 4162 P 4168 P 4170 P4174 P4178 P 4179 P 4183 P 4194 P 4195 P 4196 P 4199 P 4200 P 4213 P 4216 P 4220 P 4287 P 4294 P 4299 P 4300 P 4320 P 4328 P 4349 P 4350 P 4357 P 4364 P 4377 P 4381 P 4382 P 4383 P 4385 P 4386 P 4387 P 4388 P 4397

523 Cat.no.orpage 1523 1533 1569 cf. 1784 p. 77; p. 102, note 84 148 cf. 1284; p. 44 cf. 1290; p. 44 p. 44 1321 cf. 1284, 1293; p. 44 p.44 p.45 1299 p.44 1298 cf. 1284; p. 44 cf. 1284; p. 44 cf. 1293; p. 44 cf. 1287; p. 44 pp. 44, 45 cf. 1293; p. 44 1522 cf. 889,890 1511 cf. 1728 1192 1595 cf. 1789 1599 cf. 1784 546 cf. 1784 1796 1600 cf. 1574 cf. 1548 cf. 193 cf. 890 cf. 946 1044 1259 467 641 868 cf. 971 859 cf. 779 cf. 705 cf. 1470 24

CONCORDANCES

524 Inv.No. P 4398 P 4400 P 4402 P 4403 P 4405 P 4408 P 4410 P 4411 P 4412 P 4413 P 4414 P 4418 P 4419 P 4420 P 4421 P 4427 P 4428 P 4431 P 4432 P 4439 P 4442 P 4443 P 4447 P 4449 P 4450 P 4452 P 4453 P 4454 P 4455 P 4456 P 4457 P 4458 P 4465 P 4468 P 4469 P 4470 P 4525 P 4567 P 4576 P 4581 P 4587 P 4700 P 4702 P 4703 P 4704 P 4705 P 4825 P 4826 P 4878 P 5307 P 5308

Cat.no.orpage cf. 68 117 cf. 651 702 1724 cf. 1129 32 21 19 223 cf. 905 59 95 640 647 965 cf. 980 cf. 645 712 159 1 cf. 1 cf. 868 cf. 975 1051 644 638 cf. 634 705 778 cf. 1466 cf. 1409 108 4 642 707 1147 1671 1625 1248 350 1749 cf. 19; 21 cf. 21 cf. 1002 1734 cf. 516 1684 581 1303 1687

Inv.No. P 5343 P 5349 P 5350 P 5541 P 5552 P 5639 P 5640 P 5643 P 5645 P 5646 P 5647 P 5648 P 5649 P 5649 bis P 5651 P 5652 P 5653 P 5654 P 5655 P 5657 P 5659 P 5661 P 5702 P 5705 P 5706 P5718 P5719 P 5720 P 5724 P 5725 P 5727 P 5734 P 5742 P 5753 P 5775 P 5776 P 5781 P 5782 P 5786 P 5787 P 5788 P 5790 P 5793 P 5794 P 5796 P 5798 P 5799 P 5800 P 5801 P 5802 P 5803

Cat.no.orpage cf. 1573 224 225 cf. 1422 1556 1284 1723 p. 446, under E 14:3 1243 547 935 1682 1659 1660 872 1563 1436 1145 1739 550 508 cf. 1701 946 cf. 935 932 cf. 604, 619 85 461 1334 1171 p. 447, under E 15:3 p. 174, note 22 1222 1691 1744 1704 241 1111 556 504 cf 1111 250 245 248 359 1180 1310 cf. 1414 1153 478 628

CONCORDANCES Inv.No. P 5804 P 5808 P 5810 P 5811 P 5812 P 5813 P 5814 P 5816 P 5818 P 5821 P 5822 P 5823 P 5825 P 5831 P 5833 P 5836 P 5838 P 5839 P 5840 P 5843 P 5912 P 5919 P 5920 P 5926 P 5927 P 5928 P 5930 P 5932 P 5934 P 5939 P 5940 P 5981 P 5982 P 5983 P 5984 P 5985 P 5986 P 5987 P 5989 P 5990 P 5991 P 5992 P 5995 P 5996 P 5997 P 5998 P 5999 P 6000 P 6001 P 6002 P 6003

Cat.no.orpage 953 414 cf. 1414 77 655 cf.516;p. 113, note 131 332 306 415 1426 344 cf. 1441 693 cf. 1426 75 886 cf. 1713 1546 1517 1585 836 323 490 136 cf. 23 1653 cf. 879 655 78 1441 1203 845 cf. 843 843 cf. 848 cf. 848 733 cf. 692, 693 688 700 765 770 734 937 952 950 951 955 956 404 cf. 1124

Inv.No. P 6004 P 6005 P 6006 P 6007 P 6008 P 6009 P 6010 P 6011 P 6012 P 6020 P 6021 P 6024 P 6024 bis P 6039 P 6050 P 6057 P 6060 P 6061 P 6130 P 6149 P 6162 P 6183 P 6190 P 6196 P 6200 P 6202 P 6209 P 6212 P 6213 P 6214 P 6215 P6217 P 6232 P 6233 P 6235 P 6237 P 6238 P 6239 P 6240 P 6241 P 6247 P 6248 P 6249 P 6251 P 6252 P 6253 P 6254 P 6255 P 6256 P 6257 P 6258

525 Cat.no.orpage 1699 443 1279 cf. 1284; pp. 44,45 1285 238 1236 1237 1244 1520 1538 1590 1593 cf. 1598; p. 236 1191 1790 p. 449, under F 11:2 p. 449, under F 11:2 1466 1078 1433 322 cf. 777, 778 cf. 867 p. 114, note 136 927 p. 449, under G 11:4 492 648 cf. 867 cf. 1050 817 742 740 668 658 689 722 725 1716 916 cf. 916 cf. 914 914 cf. 912 915 cf. 886 cf. 885; p. 77; p. 446, under E 14:1 cf. 884,885 888 887

526 Inv.Jo. P 6259 P 6260 P 6261 P 6262 P 6263 P 6264 P 6265 P 6266 P 6267 P 6268 P 6271 P 6272 P 6273 P 6274 P 6275 P 6276 P 6278 P 6279 P 6280 P 6281 P 6282 P 6283 P 6284 P 6285 P 6286 P 6287 P 6288 P 6289 P 6290 P 6291 P 6292 P 6293 P 6294 P 6295 P 6296 P 6297 P 6298 P 6299 P 6300 P 6301 P 6302 P 6303 P 6304 P 6305 P 6306 P 6307 P 6308 P 6309 P6310 P 6311

CONCORDANCES Cat.no.orpage cf. 885; p. 77; p. 446, under E 14:1 cf. 664, 886, 889 cf. 886, 898; p. 434, under A 17:3 890 883 cf. 885, 888; p. 77; p. 446, under E 14:1 1017 cf. 1008 cf. 1010 1735 1004 1030 1082 989 1015 395 1096 528 1751 569 1249 282 cf. 21 1208 417 464 479 477 476 1148 p. 113, note 129 365 367 343 156 213 214 210 208 211 237 236 200 198 260 251 243 272 274 31

Inv.No. P 6313 P 6323 P 6326 P 6352 P 6355 P 6357 P 6358 P 6359 P 6360 P 6361 P 6362 P 6367 P 6372 P 6395 P 6454 P 6499 P 6556 P 6592 P 6656 P 6680 P 6721 P 6728 P 6739 P 6756 P 6757 P 6764 P6765 P6766 P6767 P6777 P6792 P6812 P6861 P6864 P6874 P 6874 bis P6874 ter P6878 P6887 P6911 P6915 P6928 P6929 P6934 P6935 P6936 P6947 P6948 P6949 P6950

Cat.no.orpage 1500 1571 610 1763 779 1464 cf. 1465 cf. 1465 cf. 1469 cf. 1469 cf. 1470 974 cf. 866 p. 442, under D 15:3 1619 1729 cf. 1420 cf. 1784 1801 cf. 3 472 p. 40, note 22 1315 1381 1722 cf. 592, 607; p. 10, note 18; p. 104, note 91 1644 611 cf. 1408 1651 864 1115 1725 1573 1574 cf. 1574; p. 236 cf. 1574; p. 236 271 p. 439, under C 8:2 489 cf. 1579 p. 136, note 77 62 cf. 56, 61 3 cf. 472 230 110 cf. 3 cf. 56, 61

527

CONCORDANCES Inv.No. P 6951 P 6952 P 6955 P 6956 P 6957 P 6961 P 6962 P 6963 P 6964 P 6965 P 6966 P 6967 P 6968 P 6970 P 6971 P 6972 P 6974 P 6975 P 7000 P 7004 P 7007 P 7009 P 7035 P 7038 P 7041 P 7089 P 7191 P 7192 P 7193 P 7194 P 7197 P 7198 P 7201 P 7214 P 7216 P 7278 P 7307 P 7326 P 7342 P 7343 P 7345 P 7346 P 7348 P 7349 P 7351 P 7352 P 7353 P 7354 P 7357 P 7358 P 7359

Cat.no.orpage 474 1140 975 968 cf. 966 1057 711 710 645 cf. 704 cf. 704 cf. 783 782 cf. 1493; p. 217, note 74 cf. 1493; p. 217, note 74 cf. 1492; p. 217, note 74 p. 217, note 74 cf. 1494; p. 217, notes 72 and 74 1515 553 815 1326 926 459 495 1225 cf. 999 1266 1365 1501 20 135 138 cf. 743 774 795 p. 170, note 6 cf. 996 1058 1062 cf. 1086 1087 626 1255 970 cf. 1087 cf. 625, 629 p. 181, note 14 63 72 26

Inv.No. P 7360 P 7362 P 7363 P 7364 P 7365 P 7366 P 7367 P 7368 P 7370 P 7373 P 7374 P 7375 P 7376 P 7378 P 7379 P 7380 P 7381 P 7386 P 7387 P 7388 P 7390 P 7425 P 7427 P 7521 P 7604 P 7605 P 7689 P 7696 P 7700 P 7701 P 7702 P 7703 P 7705 P 7706 P 7709 P 7710 P 7711 P7712 P 7713 P 7714 P 7716 P 7717 P7718 P 7719 P 7720 P 7721 P 7730 P 7731 P 7732 P 7735 P 7736

Cat.no.orpage p. 68, note 132 984 cf. 996 cf. 1055 1061 1080 791 1049 1227 653 967 865 1028 1054 165 1424 p. 177, note 36; p. 178, note 44 858 857 1164 cf. 609; p. 140 637 1083 cf. 377 175 1342 776 cf. 976 652 657 735 cf. 719 cf. 870 880 cf. 1028 987 992 cf. 1055 10 33 cf. 221 191 cf. 188; p. 59 cf. 1129 1091 cf. 1096 719 1264 627 cf. 867 876

CONCORDANCES

528 Inv.Jo. P 7737 P 7738 P 7739 P 7741 P 7744 P 7745 P 7746 P 7747 P 7748 P 7749 P 7750 P 7751 P 7752 P 7753 P 7754 P 7755 P 7756 P 7757 P 7760 P 7761 P 7762 P 7763 P 7764 P 7765 P 7767 P 7768 P 7769 P 7770 P 7772 P 7774 P 7781 P 7782 P 7803 P 7808 P 7809 P 7810 P 7811 P 7812 P 7901 P 7942 P 7981 P 8018 P 8020 P 8029 P 8033 P 8068 P 8125 P 8128 P 8129 P 8187 P 8197

Cat.no.orpage cf. 872 cf. 907 cf. 870 1254 862 cf.862; p. 155, note 35 1001 1002 cf. 999 971 977 978 cf. 988 1055 1059 p. 165 cf. 1060 1060 166 144 cf. 63 280 46 109 177 173 171 123 468 1146 1494 cf. 1411 1354 999 1088 908 cf. 870 cf. 1438 1352 1703 cf. 1573 p.22 1116 p. 34, note 116 486 1614 cf. 612 1658 1542 p. 192, note 15 60

Inv.Jo. P 8251 P 8273 P 8274 P 8302 P 8403 P 8405 P 8406 P 8408 P 8410 P 8412 P 8413 P 8414 P 8532 P 8557 P 8558 P 8559 P 8560 P 8561 P 8562 P 8573 P 8575 P 8576 P 8577 P 8578 P 8579 P 8580 P 8584 P 8585 a P 8585 b P 8591 P 8592 P 8670 P 8674 P 8675 P 8898 P 8904 P 8907 P 8915 P 8925 P 8926 P 8930 P 8931 P 8944 P 8945 P 8947 P 8987 P 8990 P 8991 P 8992 P 8993

Cat.no.orpage 1300 821 cf. 188; p. 77 cf. 467 824 1495 724 cf. 880 1316 1482 1377 1378 1545 cf. 459; pp. 123, 124; p. 123, notes 13 and 14 428 1742 431 299 761 cf. 1718 682 cf. 944 cf. 944 394 808 cf. 808 cf. 1117 1256 1305 1795 429 867 1727 1293 383 cf. 1579; p. 234, note 66 1712 1589 1257 549 1532 1536 1120 442 1512 cf. 1414 cf. 374 cf. 374 384 cf. 374

529

CONCORDANCES Inv.No. P 8994 P 9033 P 9044 P 9045 P 9046 P 9047 P 9049 P 9069 P 9071 P 9073 P 9074 P 9075 P 9077 P 9078 P 9102 P 9103 P 9127 P 9128 P 9131 P 9132 P 9175 P 9285 P 9288 P 9314 P 9328 P 9329 P 9330 P 9349 P 9350 P 9363 P 9404 P 9515 P 9531 P 9669 P 9680 P 9687 P 9688 P 9689 P 9690 P 9691 P 9699 P 9700 P 9701 P 9704 P 9705 P 9706 P 9708-710 P 9711 P 9712 P 9713 P 9714

Cat.no.orpage 374 1638 1527 1534 368 1418 1089 1291 1009 cf. 921 302 1134 cf. 919 801 1296 1287 1550 1548 p. 170, note 6 p. 170, note 6 1728 451 1547 1652 1672 1770 1686 cf. 973 cf. 1411 155 380 1535 p. 188, note 4 1157 1780 cf. 1481 1481 cf. 1470 cf. 1452, 1454; p. 214, note 59 cf. 1426 1769 1398 1399 cf. 1446 1455 cf. 1455 cf. 1459 1459 cf. 1465 cf. 1465 cf. 1467

Inv.No. P 9715 P 9716 P 9717 P 9718 P 9719-722 P 9723 P 9724 P9726 P 9727 P 9728 P 9729 P 9754 P 9755 P 9809 P 9815 P 9816 P 9832 P 9867 P 9910 P 10010 P 10022 P10023 P 10069 P 10173 P10252 P 10253 P10256 P10257 P10437 P10438 P10452 P 10683 P10684 P10685 P10686 P10687 P10688 P10689 P 10691 P10714 P10728 P 10729 P10736 P10737 P10738 P10769 P10770 P 10772 P 10795 P 10806 P 10833

Cat.no.orpage cf. 1467 cf. 1470 1470 cf. 1470 cf. 1472 cf. 1491 1491 cf. 1489 1473 cf. 1481 cf. 1480 p. 436, under B 13:8 p. 436, under B 13:8 1250 1784 690 cf. 1414 p. 234, note 66 p. 434, under A 18:1 1513 450 cf. 563 cf. 776 1673 548 cf. 936 cf. 1140 111 193 289 cf. 1001 58 1141 1168 cf. 965 1048 860 cf. 647 818 cf. 1547 807 1035 1308 1267 594 cf. 911 940 cf. 261 p. 133, note 64 1210 352

530 Inv.NJo. P10836 P10847 P 10870 P 10871 P 10877 P10880 P10881 P 10881 bis P 10882 P10883 P 10884 P 10885 P10886 P 10887 P 10888 P 10889 P 10891 P 10897 P 10899 P 10900 a P 10900 b P 10902 P 10903 P 10904 P 10950 P 10952 P 10954 P11023 P11202 P11205 P11207 P11208 P11234 P 11235 P 11236 P11237 P11238 P11239 P11240 P11241 P11243 P11244 P11268 P11272 P11277 P11278 P11281 P11283 P11284 P 11287 P 11416

CONCORDANCES Cat.no.orpage 487 1726 1286 1664 cf. 455, 602; p. 123, note 15 616 1663 1661 1657 1788 1038 cf. 694 766 cf. 927 567 510 1125 1288 cf. 1124 1504 1521 1564 1557 1568 p. 441, under D 11:3 1231 cf. 694 107 cf 198 190 1317 cf. 991 235 197 172 257 178 167 286 cf. 720 998 cf. 524 1786 125 1413 1373 738 1226 35 721 758

Inv.No. P 11417 P 11418 P 11419 P 11420 P 11421 P 11432 P 11437 P 11438 P 11439 P 11440 P 11441 P 11442 P 11443 P 11444 P 11445 P 11446 P 11447 P 11448 P 11449 P 11451 P 11453 P 11505 P 11522 P 11525 P 11526 P 11531 P11536 P 11538 P 11540 P 11668 P 11669 P 11678 P 11680 P 11681 P 11684 P 11755 P 11804 P 11812 P 11813 P 11814 P 11815 P 11816 P 11817 P 11821 P 11822 P 11824 P 11825 P 11826 P 11827 P 11829 P 11832

Cat.no.orpage cf. 927 cf. 728; p. 148, note 18 cf. 731; p. 147; p. 148, note 18 296 496 cf. 1733 266 cf. 255 519 cf. 268; p. 78 91 cf.381;p. 117 294 1109 726 cf. 724 666 659 744 892 cf. 1097 p. 234, note 66 p. 127, note 32 cf. 396 cf. 850 p. 221, note 2 1720 369 1046 265 1101 cf. 1010 898 261 1700 cf. 1419 cf. 705; p. 145 p. 148; p. 148, note 18 732 852 cf. 852 842 p. 145 708 771 767 1718 813 814 p. 160 1261

531

CONCORDANCES Inv,No. P 11833 P 11836 P 11837 P 11838 P 11839 P 11840 P 11841 P 11846 P 11847 P 11850 P 11857 P 11858 P 11859 P 11860 P 11867 P 11878 P 11881 P 12025 P 12032 P 12033 P 12056 P 12057 P 12060 P 12064 P 12066 P 12067 P 12085 P 12090 P 12091 P 12092 P 12095 P 12097 P 12098 P 12099 P 12100 P 12102 P 12103 P 12136 P 12151 P 12154 P 12156 P 12162 P 12163 P 12164 P 12205 P 12206 P 12292 P 12393 P 12404 P 12423 P 12690

Cat.no.orpage 1741 1584 1382 1604 1235 1292 1275 cf. 1579; p. 234, note 66 cf. 1579; p. 234, note 66 cf. 842; p. 154; p. 154, note 30 cf. 1784 514 1581 1121 772 p. 472, under T 17:3 cf. 1559 803 516 1753 729 749 p. 89, note 18 1767 cf. 801 1037 1670 1698 1605 cf. 950 959 1560 1502 1740 1655 1597 1561 1444 p. 212, note 46 cf. 541 699 1579 1238 1280 1799 1177 p. 212, note 46 p. 217, note 75 cf. 1408 p. 212, note 46 cf. 79

Inv.No. P 12692 P 12694 P 12700 P 12702 P 12703 P 12726 P 12745 P 12748 P 12816 P 12817 P 12821 P 12956 P 12989 P 12992 P 12998 P13110 P 13199 P 13200 P 13202 P 13208 P 13235 P 13243 P 13307 P 13308 P 13372 P 13389 P 13391 P 13430 P 13432 P 13449 P 13450 P 13451 P 13452 P 13454 P 13487 P 13498 P 13500 P 13529 P 13544 P 13548 P 13550 P 13554 P 13555 P 13560 P 13562 P 13570 P 13670 P 13671 P 13673 P 13674

Cat.no.orpage p. 128, notes 42 and 43 cf. 866 p. 95, note 52 cf. 1110; p. 169 79 cf. 1408 cf. 801 1635 cf. 470; p. 62, note 114; p. 126, note 31 p. 126, note 31 p. 165, note 67 cf. 913 p. 126, note 25 1416 cf. 1410 1240 cf. 911 1029 cf. 812 660 cf. 1470 cf. 1466 683 cf. 760 162 957 430 1695 418 203 209 65 11 p. 132, note 58 1797 1195 1745 52 634 cf. 777 cf. 1408 1431 1432 p. 127, note 33 p. 127, note 33 p. 466, under 0 18:2 676 1036 806 1103

CONCORDANCES

532 Inu.No. P 13675 P 13676 P 13677 P 13678 P 13679 P 13680 P 13681 P 13682 P 13688 P 13689 P 13690 P 14041 P 14166 P 14169 P 14170 P 14171 P 14177 P 14181 P 14182 P 14183 P 14184 P 14188 P 14189 P 14190 P 14192 P 14231 P 14247 P 14248 P 14254 P 14285 P 14291 P 14292 P 14294 P 14295 P 14296 P 14297 P 14298 P 14300 P 14301 P 14302 P 14303 P 14304 P 14305 P 14306 P 14307 P 14308 P 14332 P 14333 P 14334 P 14336 P 14352

Cat.no.orpage 592 949 945 900 939 1033 400 372 531 1117 1206 cf. 1438 p. 467, under 0 20:3 291 305 cf. 909 cf. 522 cf. 1096 cf. 272 231 1362 670 537 396 410 961 cf. 709 635 cf. 1467 p. 221, note 2 1271 1665 cf. 1185 p. 491, in Table 1 943 924 cf. 924 393 cf. 393 cf. 393 cf. 396 331 1736 563 cf. 751 755 276 cf. 276 1023 679 988

Inv.Nb.

P 14353 P 14354 P 14356 P 14360 P 14361 P 14363 P 14365 P 14401 P 14402 P 14403 P 14404 P 14405 P 14406 P 14407 P 14408 P 14409 P 14410 P 14411 P 14412 P 14413 P 14414 P 14415 P 14417 P 14418 P 14419 P 14420 P 14421 P 14422 P 14423 P 14424 P 14425 P 14426 P 14427 P 14428 P 14429 P 14433 P 14436 P 14449 P 14450 P 14471 P 14472 P 14474 P 14475 P 14476 P 14546 P 14559 P 14648 P 14677 P 14728 P 14796 P 14800

Cat.no.orpage cf. 988 cf. 908 cf. 326 297 cf. 221 1528 p. 447, under E 14:6 846 848 849 695 697 698 696 769 cf. 956 cf. 951,952 1258 1013 1591 1596 301 452 1242 1306 1282 576 1123 1190 1677 1782 1530 1529 1562 1558 1042 1541 1554 1555 cf. 611, 1193 cf. 612 cf. 613 521 cf. 1784 cf. 1075 1218 p. 217, notes 72 and 75 1016 1559 1221 cf. 128

533

CONCORDANCES Inv.No. P 14815 P 14821 P 14864 P 14937 P 14979 P 15012 P 15013 P 15026 P 15027 P 15062 P 15065 P 15066 P 15067 P 15111 P 15130 P 15140 P 15141 P 15142 P 15143 P 15151 P 15153 P 15154 P 15155 P 15156 P 15158 P 15160 P 15161 P 15163 P 15164 P 15165 P 15166 P 15167 P 15168 P 15170 P 15171 P 15173 P 15174 P 15231 P 15232 P 15233 P 15256 P 15260 P 15269 P 15369 P 15372 P 15392 P 15395 P 15401 P 15407 P 15409 P 15411

Cat.no.orpage 1539 p. 133, note 64 p. 214, note 56 90 1701 1572 1632 cf. 694 cf. 1629 48 cf. 1414; p. 207, note 20 cf. 1422; p. 207, note 20 p. 207, note 20 1278 315 820 194 25 1411 277 1332 482 cf. 1402; p. 207, note 20 cf. 557 1425 cf. 661,884 cf. 1415; p. 207, note 20 1440 1422 507 582 244 cf. 244 cf. 885; p. 77 661 p. 207, note 20; p. 210, note 36 1402 1084 1429 p. 207, note 20; p. 210, note 36 385 1386 501 1318 1634 1758 381 cf. 694 p.456, under H 17:1 9 217

Inv.No. P 15551 P 15552 P 15567 P 15653 P 15660 P 15690 P 15736 P 15864 P 15882 P 15898 P 15901 P 16096 P 16099 P 16100 P 16101 P 16102 P 16110 P16111 P 16118 P 16119 P 16120 P 16121 P 16124 P 16125 P 16126 P 16132 P 16133 P 16134 P 16149 P 16150 P 16151 P 16152 P 16153 P 16156 P 16198 P 16215 P 16217 P 16218 P 16219 P 16222 P 16223 P 16224 P 16225 P 16226 P 16227 P 16228 P 16229 P 16230 P 16231 P 16232 P 16232 bis

Cat.no.orpage cf. 1039 cf. 612 1066 542 1649 cf. 1589 cf. 611, 1193 cf. 128 p. 214, note 56 532 cf 951 p. 109, note 105 cf. 952 1025 cf. 694 535 1702 572 330 cf. 660,891 1040 568 1439 829 1757 324 889 114 220 1230 97 23 cf. 898 1401 p. 133, note 64 cf. 801 1003 264 1779 318 362 363 364 361 cf. 358, 361; p. 113, note 129 358 357 360 366 341 cf. 341

CONCORDANCES

534 Inv.No. P 16233 P 16234 P 16235 P 16236 P 16237 P 16238 P 16239 P 16240 P 16241 P 16242 P 16243 P 16244 P 16246 P 16247 P 16248 P 16249 P 16250 P 16251 P 16252 P 16253 P 16254 P 16255 P 16256 P 16257 P 16258 P 16259 P 16262 P 16263 P 16265 P 16267 P 16268 P 16269 P 16271 P 16273 P 16274 P 16275 P 16278 P 16370 P 16381 P 16399 P 16400 P 16402 P 16403 P 16408 P 16410 P 16411 P 16413 P 16414 P 16605 P 16606 P 16619

Cat.no.orpage 216 215 212 cf. 213; p. 68, note 132 303 cf. 234, 235; pp. 77, 103 234 240 242 246 cf. 272 239 1366 304 1367 1371 462 1369 1268 416 827 822 591 1092 1746 505 885 cf. 885; p. 77 912 cf. 912 1496 1497 cf. 1009 cf. 1006 739 799 1442 590 cf. 776 1578 1241 694 850 1588 1575 cf. 1575 cf. 878 cf. 106 p. 215, note 62 cf. 1455 cf. 1419

Inv.No. P 16621 P 16626 P 16643 P 16646 P 16647 P 16651 P 16652 P 16663 P 16675 P 16730 P 16731 P 16732 P 16733 P 16734 P 16735 P 16736 P 16737 P 16738 P 16739 P 16740 P 16741 P 16742 P 16743 P 16788 P 16850 P 16853 P 16857 P 17004 P 17009 P 17020 P 17022 P 17026 P 17031 P 17032 P 17033 P 17072 P 17074 P 17087 P 17088 P 17150 P 17168 P 17283 P 17406 P 17407 P 17408 P 17415 P 17416 P 17418 P 17461 P 17516 P 17517

Cat.no.orpage 1713 376 p. 460, under K-L 18-20:1 471 524 206 207 cf. 1483 1158 1771 1187 99 1447 cf. 1455 cf. 1462; p. 215, note 63 cf. 1462; p. 215, note 63 1462; p. 215, note 63 cf. 1462; p. 215, note 63 cf. 1469 cf. 1469 cf. 1477 1484 1484 1301 cf. 1436 1505 1743 1689 cf. 1251 439 1732 cf. 931 p. 438, under B 20:2 1754 1114 cf. 1426 139 113 1525 575 1186 cf. 777 312 1629 434 1294 p. 170, note 6 p. 170, note 6 1384 1733 1214

535

CONCORDANCES Inv.No. P 17563 P 17694 P 17695 P 17696 P 17697 P 17703 P 17718 P 17719 P 17721 P 17785 P 17789 P 17863 P 17864 P 17886 P 17887 P 17917 P 17978 P 17979 P 17980 P 17981 P 17982 P 17983 P 17984 P 18001 P 18261 P 18304 P 18315 P 18328 P 18336 P 18338 P 18405 P 18406 P 18442 P 18445 P 18446 P 18452 P 18455 P 18456 P 18457 P 18458 P 18459 P 18460 P 18461 P 18462 P 18463 P 18464 P 18465 P 18466 P 18467 P 18468 P 18469

Cat.no.orpage 622 54 cf. 4 1477 cf. 1477 1435 p. 214, note 56 p. 214, note 56 1475 124 1295 480 cf. 193, 515, 517; p. 130, note 52 1648 1643 cf. 1431 412 437 1097 882 1020 cf. 696 290 1329 1209 1343 1245 cf. 587 1636 1160 1391 1340 1430 1443 613 1628 222 cf. 16, 24,51 219 796 793 1472 cf. 1472 cf. 1472; p. 92, note 36 cf. 1472 cf. 1468 cf. 1468 1468 cf. 1468 1454 cf. 1480

Inv. No.

P 18471 P 18472 P 18473 P 18474 P 18475 P 18477 P 18478 P 18497 P 18514 P 18539 P 18540 P 18541 P 18542 P 18543 P 18544 P 18545 P 18546 P 18547 P 18548 P 18549 P 18550 P 18551 P 18552 P 18553 P 18562 P 18570 P 18571 P 18572 P 18573 P 18574 P 18575 P 18576-579 P 18580 P 18581 P 18582 P 18583 P 18584 P 18585 P 18586 P 18589-595 P 18596-598 P 18599-601 P 18602 P 18603 P 18642 P 18645 P 18686 P 18693 P 18694 P 18695 P 18696

Cat.no.orpage 527 p. 32, note 96 cf. 1458 1458 cf. 1489 126 387 1789 cf. 692, 693 118 1476 cf. 1476; p. 216, note 71 101 1446 1461 784 cf. 1455 cf. 1455 1488 cf. 1488; p. 216, note 71 cf. 1469 cf. 1469 cf. 1471 cf. 1469 1353 18 30 84 522 1451 1452 cf. 1457 p. 125, note 21 1493 cf. 1481 1479 1480 cf. 1480 1490 cf. 1467 cf. 1473 cf. 1471 cf. 1472 cf. 1472 p. 56, note 77 cf. 458; p. 56, note 76 p. 108, note 102 580 307 253 255

CONCORDANCES

536 Inv.No. P 18697 P 18698 P 18699 P 18700 P 18701 P 18702 P 18703 P 18704 P 18705 P 18706 P 18707 P 18708 P 18709 P 18710 P 18711 P 18712 P 18713 P 18714 P 18715 P 18716 P 18717 P 18718 P 18719 P 18720 P 18721 P 18722 P 18723 P 18724 P 18725 P 18726 P 18727 P 18728 P 18729 P 18730 P 18731 P 18732 P 18735 P 18736 P 18737 P 18738 P 18739 P 18740 P 18741 P 18742 P 18743 P 18744 P 18746 P 18747 P 18757 P 18758 P 18760

Cat.no.orpage 256 147 583 413 1307 370 346 328 cf. 328 281 163 1108 529 494 481 525 1132 1098 cf. 1008 cf. 1009 1006 1011 921 923 cf. 923, 938 cf. 894 cf. 889, 895 cf. 890, 896 899 746 745 743 752 751 673 675 cf. 661, 884 664 cf. 727, 723 825 804 1498 1499 558 1705 1570 1390 1181 cf. 525 cf. 1414; p. 207, note 20 1272

Inv.No. P 18761 P 18765 P 18767 P 18798 P 18866 P 18873 P 18874 P 18932 P 19019 P 19041 P 19042 P 19043 P 19046 P 19047 P 19049 P 19050 P 19051 P 19052 P 19053 P 19054 P 19055 P 19056 P 19057 P 19058 P 19060 P 19062 P 19063-071 P 19096 P 19097 P 19098 P 19105 P 19106 P 19108 P 19109 P 19110 P 19111 P 19114 P 19178 P 19180 P 19181 P 19208 P 19222 P 19226 P 19275 P 19333 P 19347 P 19348 P 19349 P 19350 P 19351 P 19353

Cat.no.orpage 1335 p. 171, note 8 624 1329 cf. 1189; p. 182 1290 cf. 694 cf. 389; p. 116, note 154 1598 226 797 1162 1449 p. 173, note 16 cf. 1398; p. 95, note 52 cf. 856 cf. 1455 cf. 1455 1492 cf. 1492; p. 217, note 73 1486 cf. 1486 1478 cf. 1478 cf. 1466 cf. 1466 cf. 1472 cf. 516 483 1099 812 768 1641 851 1537 cf. 612 cf. 1698 1508 573 574 1270 1176 cf. 692, 693 cf. 1586 cf. 1483; p. 216, note 70 cf. 468 475 100 12 86 cf. 173

537

CONCORDANCES Inv.No. P 19354 P 19355 P 19356 P 19357 P 19358 P 19360 P 19362 P 19363 P 19364 P 19365 P 19369 P 19377 P 19430 P 19442 P 19449 P 19450 P 19462 P 19468 P 19472 P 19474 P19511 P 19513 P 19515 P 19516 P 19526 P 19535 P 19542 P 19552 P 19657 P 19658 P 19659 P 19660 P 19680 P 19701 P 19702 P 19708 P 19709 P 19710 P19711 P 19712 P 19717 P 19718 P 19724 P 19727 P 19733 P 19751 P 19752 P 19753 P 19759 P 19771

Cat.no.orpage 176 122 1143 cf. 861 1068 969 1076 cf. 166; p. 96 787 p. 127, note 33 1323 617 612 1263 cf. 602; p. 139, note 89 1778 p. 92, note 35; p. 111, notes 121 and 123 p. 214, note 56 1551 555 1690 cf. 918 680 398 1622 1434 cf. 1315 p. 209, note 33 p. 68, note 129; p. 79 p.79 cf. 694 1516 cf. 1435 1126 cf. 12, 54 cf. 1003 279 911 288 249 cf. 289 p. 468, under P 10:2 1618 p. 132, note 58 cf. 1077 cf. 924 cf. 927 cf. 922 cf. 1583; p. 234, note 68 371

Inv.No. P 19772 P 19773 P 19782 P 19784 P 19785 P 19791 P 19792 P 19806 P 19822 P 19828 P 19829 P 19844 P 19850 P 19851 P 19857 P 19858 P 19860 P 19863 P 19864 P 19865 P 19866 P 19867 P 19868 P 19869 P 19870 P 19871 P 19872-875 P 19877 P 19886 P 19888 P 19889 P 19892 P 19893 P 19894 P 19896 P 19897 P 19898 P 19899 P 19905 P 19906 P 19912 P 19914 P 19915 P 19916 P 19917 P 19920 P 19922 P 19927 P 19928 P 19929 P 19930

Cat.no.orpage 833 1685 cf. 355 678 cf. 916 cf. 949 497 1118 cf. 1701 498 cf. 386, 1359 1773 1549 1565 cf. 1549, 1586; pp. 235, 236 cf. 355 454 cf. 1476 cf. 1476 1485 cf. 1485 1445 cf. 1455 cf. 1465 1465 cf. 1465 cf. 1469 1469 422 1102 391 149 805 1022 cf. 889 cf. 919 754 1063 1630 1785 321 1024 809 847 1626 p. 133, note 64 cf. 541 p. 158, note 45 p. 158, note 45 300 509

538 Inv No.

P 19937 P 19942 P 19946 P 19948 P 19951 P 19957 P 19977 P 19989 P 20003 P 20011 P 20012 P 20047 P 20050 P 20077 P 20141 P 20142 P 20143 P 20144 P 20146 P 20147 P 20148 P 20149-151 P 20154 P 20165 P 20184 P 20186 P 20188 P 20192 P 20193 P 20194 P 20195 P 20196 P 20204 P 20207 P 20210 P 20213 P 20219 P 20227 P 20228 P 20230 P 20250 P 20256 P 20261 P 20267 P 20272 P 20280 P 20286 P 20289 P 20295 P 20303

CONCORDANCES Cat.no.orpage cf. 1024 cf. 604 p. 155 759 1014 1361 993 p. 128, note 43 1791 1586 1587 cf. 1583; p. 234, note 68 p. 34, note 115; p. 434, under A 18:1 cf. 53 130 1395 cf. 1448; p. 214, note 57 cf. 783 cf. 1456 cf. 1487 cf. 1467 cf. 1471 1592 828 cf. 412; p. 76 cf. 1182 602 388 586 599 cf. 599 p. 180 p. 469, under Q8-9 319 1232 1783 p. 443, under D 16:8 1633 1615 618 p. 192, note 15 229 1388 cf. 516 cf. 459 cf. 608; p. 113, note 132 p. 89, note 18 1216 cf. 455; p. 123, note 14; p. 124, note 16 p. 111, notes 121 and 123

Ins. No.

P 20310 P 20315 P 20318 P 20349 P 20350 P 20351 P 20358 P 20364 P 20365 P 20366 P 20419 P 20425 P 20437 P 20439 P 20445 P 20446 P 20450 P 20456 P 20489 P 20492 P 20493 P 20494 P 20495 P 20496 P 20497 P 20498 P 20502 P 20503 P 20504 P 20510 P 20521 P 20522 P 20523 P 20524 P 20545 P 20564 P 20581 P 20593 P 20701 P 20702 P 20722 P 20734 P 20735 P 20817 P 20818 P 20857 P 20858 P 20859 P 20860 P 20861 P 20862

Cat.no.orpage 1666 996 715 615 1787 p. 142, note 3 1627 cf. 193 1319 484 536 1217 p. 132, note 59 1119 426 1104 cf. 1786, 1787 cf. 1579 1792 1654 677 p. 446, under E 14:3 844 1730 1531 773 1759 cf. 641 cf. 966; p. 97 1253 1228 1260 cf. 953 cf. 1578 1540 cf. 1573 p. 467, under 0 20:3 1707 cf. 1617 1617 cf. 1117 cf. 890 1576 1324 373 1247 1309 cf. 16, 19 1081 187 143

539

CONCORDANCES Inv.No. P 20863 P 20864 P 20881 P 20883 P 20884 P 20886 P 20887 P 20888 P 20890 P 20903 P 20904 P 20905 P 20906 P 20907 P 20908 P 20910 P 20911 P 20912 P 20916 P 20917 P 20918 P 20919 P 20920 P 20922 P 20954 P 20955 P 20979 P 20987 P 20989 P 20993 P 21002 P 21003 P 21005 P 21006 P 21007 P 21009 P 21010 P 21012 P 21013 P 21017 P 21020 P 21024 P 21025 P 21027 P 21028 P 21029 P 21030 P 21031 P 21032 P 21033 P 21035

Cat.no.orpage 221 cf. 523 1152 875 794 69 182 1219 879 600 cf. 812 cf. 801 cf. 804 cf. 805 1070 386 629 669 665 cf. 893 747 cf. 268; p. 78 723 419 1008 397 1423 1053 1175 146 625 623 cf. 922 cf. 920 922 cf. 801 cf. 817 727 1719 750 674 p. 119 cf. 392 597 830 606 456 608 1073 1045 601

Inv. Vo. P 21040 P 21042 P 21052 P 21053 P 21055 P 21056 P 21058 P 21064 P 21065 P 21066 P 21067 P 21070 P 21110 P 21112 P 21280 P 21325 P 21327 P 21395 P 21463 P 21474 P 21625 P 21626 P 21657 P 21673 P 21676 P 21735 P21736 P 21737 P 21740 P 21744 P 22023 P 22024 P 22025 P 22030 P 22031 P 22032 P 22033 P 22035 P 22037 P 22038 P 22039 P 22097 P 22117 P 22127 P 22135 P 22184 P 22185 P 22186 P 22189 P 22190

Cat.no.orpage cf. 389 cf.602; p. 139, note 89 620 1246 1204 706 855 p.50 1351 1269 837 1355 598 1214 cf. 957 298 1748 p. 177, note 41 345 p. 117 1359 cf. 387, 446, 583 cf. 1564 p. 133, note 64 954 p. 119 1262 958 p. 170, note 6 cf. 1764 cf. 55 p. 449, under F 12:3 cf. 996 701 781 785 1026 160 115 8 38 cf. 514; p. 129, note 48; p. 130, note 50 p. ll, note 121 cf. 389 517 1762 cf. 255 cf. 918, 942 cf. 1006 326

CONCORDANCES

540 Inv.Jo. P 22201 P 22213 P 22217 P 22235 P 22238 P 22269 P 22288 P 22367 P 22482 P 22487 P 22492 P 22499 P 22553 P 22670 P 22671 P 22810 P 22813 P 22819 P 22820 P 22821 P 22831 P 22837 P 22843 P 22849 P 22850 P 22860 P 22862 P 22863 P 22865 P 22870 P 22878 P 22880 P 22882 P 22885 P 22886 P 22894 P 22895 P 22908 P 22909 P 22924 P 22925 P 22927 P 22931 P 22932 P 22942 P 22943 P 22947 P 22956 P 22962 P 22975 P 22980

Cat.no.orpage cf. 867 382 p. 221, note 2 cf. 1598 71 cf. 1800, 1801 cf. 1435 247 871 562 cf. 1251 p. 139, note 89 1188 127 151 cf. 1408 1802 1339 p. 206, note 20 1407 cf. 1419 605 585 1031 1138 cf. 804 1566 379 50 1380 1761 p. 215 588 1074 1607 1032 607 p. 158 1213 1234 1325 cf. 268; p. 78 1224 116 320 944 534 cf. 412 1215 1793 254

Inv.Jo. P 23032 P 23041 P 23043 P 23044 P 23050 P 23054 P 23055 P 23056 P 23057 P 23062 P 23072 P 23073 P 23079 P 23080 P 23083 P 23089 P 23091 P 23092 P 23101 P 23204 P 23216 P 23231 P 23289 P 23290 P 23300 P 23395 P 23401 P 23403 P 23409 P 23410 P 23523 P 23525 P 23526 P 23538 P 23590 P 23594 P 23595 P 23596 P 23597 P 23602 P 23605 P 23610 P 23633 P 23641 P 23743 P 23777 P 23869 P 23892 P 23986 P 24014 P 24027

Cat.no.orpage 1683 1178 539 p. 491, in Table 1 1172 1170 cf. 887, 890 1710 1183 cf. 939 p. 114, note 136 1212 1333 447 920 1389 p. 207, note 20 p. 117 1314 427 595 353 p. 215, note 64 p. 215, note 64 1182 1798 cf. 484 603 cf. 998 1047 1344 cf. 402 p. 89, note 18 713 cf. 1018 1071 1642 756 1738 1428 448 cf. 1583; p. 234, note 68 309 cf. 603; p. 139, note 89 731 425 p. 188, note 4 1311 p. 188, note 4 1150 485

541

CONCORDANCES Inv.No. P 24038 P 24041 P 24087 P 24134 P 24143 P 24183 P 24201 P 24218 P 24303 P 24304 P 24777 P 24778 P 24802 P 24809 P 24810 P 24813 P 24816 P 24821 P 24823 P 24862 P 24864 P 24936 P 25303 P 25304 P 25431 P 25433 P 25434 P 25436 P 25437 P 25440 P 25446 P 25447 P 25483 P 25498 P 25534 P 25536 P 25537 P 25544 P 25554 P 25555 P 25557 P 25589 P 25626 P 25627 P 25676 P 25677 P 25679 P 25681 P 25685 P 25686 P 25687

Cat.no.orpage 377 1056 cf. 866 cf. 634 1694 p. 68, note 131 861 1620 cf. 98 cf. 1408 p. 214, note 57 cf. 1475 1747 cf. 608; p. 139, note 89 cf.456; p. 124, note 16 835 1304 cf. 1607 1717 cf. 816 p. 471, under R 11:5 1752 p. 102; p. 450, under G 11:4 p. 450, under G 11:4 cf. 626, 628 564 1133 268 269 1185 925 cf. 924 1662 cf. 254 614 1193 1349 621 1205 cf. 268; p. 78 p. 49, note 50; p. 79 667 392 354 cf. 658 cf. 193 15 704 1086 278 714

Inv.No. P 25693 P 25824 P 25828 P 25846 P 25850 P 25851 P 25874 P 25938 P 25972 P 25986 P 25987 P 25988 P 25989 P 25990 P 25991 P 25993 P 25994 P 25995 P 25996 P 25997 P 25998 P 26000 P 26002 P 26003 P 26004 P 26005 P 26006 P 26007 P 26008 P 26009 P 26011 P 26012 P 26013 P 26014 P 26015 P 26016 P 26017 P 26018 P 26030 P 26034 P 26035 P 26036 P 26038 P 26039 P 26042 P 26043 P 26045 P 26048 P 26051 P 26052 P 26053

Cat.no.orpage p. 434, under A 17:3 cf. 1419; p. 210, note 34 619 p. 3, note 1 1405 cf. 1405 441 1766 832 455 741 51 910 913 258 870 570 1085 202 907 877 74 205 1368 201 195 cf. 1749 1320 287 181 180 204 1027 cf. 870 57 cf. 55-57 56 55 cf. 1756 440 1276 435 351 1714 902 1124 403 1613 420 p. 460, under L 17:7 259

CONCORDANCES

542 Ina No. P 26055 P 26056 P 26065 P 26074 P 26075 P 26109 P 26153 P 26154 P 26155 P 26156 P 26157 P 26158 P 26215 P 26216 P 26217 P 26218 P 26219 P 26220 P 26248 P 26257 P 26258 P 26259 P 26260 P 26261 P 26262 P 26263 P 26264 P 26266 P 26267 P 26323 P 26324 P 26325 P 26327 P 26392 P 26393 P 26395 P 26425 P 26427 P 26429 P 26519 P 26559 P 26626 P 26627 P 26676 P 26686 P 26735 P 26736 P 26825 P 26839 P 26841 P 26842

Cat.no.orpage 1768 1337 p. 142, note 3 cf. 385 1721 cf. 151 530 cf. 1011 948 938 753 1130 1450 cf. 1467 cf. 1471 28 cf. 1489 1450 1553 cf. 193, 517 308 218 1385 1201 728 cf. 919 cf. 924 538 1347 186 1524 853 1223 p. 3, note 1 518 1646 1567 p. 451, under F 16:6 1438 1437 1197 cf. 776 cf. 776 1211 1764 105 1165 p. 3, note 1 316 463 88

Inv.No.

P 26843 P 26844 P 26848 P 26849 P 26850 P 26852 P 26853 P 26854 P 26863 P 26868 P 26875 P 26879 P 26882 P 26883 P 26884 P 26885 P 26886 P 26887 P 26888 P 26889 P 26890 P 26891 P 26895 P 26947 P 26948 P 26960 P 26961 P 26963 P 26964 P 27052 P 27106 P 27107 P 27108 P 27183 P 27186 P 27192 P 27201 P 27218 P 27229 P 27253 P 27328 P 27329 P 27332 P 27362 P 27363 P 27433 P 27435 P 27592 P 27610 P 27613 P 27614

Cat.no.orpage 92 93 cf. 466 466 499 cf. 590 1379 cf. 1131; p. 172 cf. 755 p. 142, note 2 1755 196 314 cf. 136; p. 77 317 339 334 335 339 340 1090 313 596 106 cf. 973 cf. 1049 cf. 3 174 157 p. 3, note 1 cf. 956 854 488 27 1696 39 cf. 758 1737 cf. 986 579 cf. 38 cf. 57 cf. 1417 960 565 1007 cf. 801 543 757 593 1621

CONCORDANCES Inv.Jo. P 27615 P 27703 P 27714 P 27716 P 27767 P 27768 P 27769 P 27771 P 27779 P 27780 P 27782 P 27796 P 27834 P 27868 P 27874 P 27880 P 27966 P 27967 P 27968 P 27969 P 27970 P 27971 P 27972 P 27979 P 27980 P 27984 P 27985 P 27986 P 27987 P 27988 P 27991 P 27992 P 27993 P 27994 P 27995 P 28014 P 28015 P 28016 P 28017 P 28018 P 28020 P 28021 P 28023 P 28024 P 28025 P 28028 P 28029 P 28031 P 28034 P 28035 P 28041

Cat.no.orpage p. 463, under I-O 15:1 76 458 1313 87 1229 1067 cf. 39 1376 1370 83 p. 62, note 114; p. 63, note 122 p. 456, under H 16:7 1341 cf. 66 p. 212 36 40 13 154 141 29 64 cf. 1377 cf. 1420 1363 994 311 119 120 cf. 14 16 153 1396 152 cf. 15 14 2 cf. 16, 19 cf. 996 cf. 994 986 cf. 1077 874 878 1142 976 cf. 168; p. 97, note 62 651 131 1018

Inv.No. P 28042 P 28043 P 28048 P 28049 P 28058 P 28059 P 28060 P 28071 P 28072 P 28076 P 28082 P 28084 P 28085 P 28087 P 28088 P 28089 P 28090 P 28108 P 28125 P 28126 P 28127 P 28129 P 28130 P 28131 P 28132 P 28133 P 28134 P 28135 P 28136 P 28137 P 28138 P 28139 P 28140 P 28141 P 28142 P 28143 P 28153 P 28161 P 28164 P 28165 P 28166 P 28167 P 28168 P 28169 P28170 P 28177 P 28178 P 28179 P 28180 P 28187 P 28190

543 Cat.no.orpage 67 905 cf. 64 73 cf. 37 179 869 cf. 152 906 1094 523 1198 1200 cf. 665, 896 cf. 917, 942 cf. 744 894 465 1668 cf. 179 183 1000 981 cf. 1056; p. 165, note 65 cf. 870 cf. 872 716 cf. 976 650 1065 819 789 783 790 792 133 p. 3, note 1 p. 491, in Table 1 1100 584 589 895 cf. 917 cf. 923 919 cf. 801 267 cf. 267; p. 78 cf. 267, 270; p. 78 356 cf. 1391; p. 206

CONCORDANCES

544 Inv.No. P 28191 P 28193 P 28194 P 28214 P 28215 P 28235 P 28255 P 28280 P 28315 P 28331 P 28334 P 28335 P 28337 P 28371 P 28412 P 28419 P 28429 P 28431 P 28432 P 28433 P 28437 P 28438 P 28439 P 28440 P 28441 P 28442 P 28443 P 28445 P 28462 P 28488 P 28492 P 28493 P 28494 P 28495 P 28496 P 28497 P 28507 P 28508 P 28512 P 28513 P 28514 P 28515 P 28516 P 28517 P 28518 P 28521 P 28523 P 28524 P 28526 P 28527 P 28528

Cat.no.orpage 375 355 325 82 1064 cf. 1483 460 p. 3, note 1 760 1510 134 70 1624 cf. 1039 cf. 779 cf. 974 p. 34, note 116 934 cf. 760 903 491 cf. 266 cf. 298 p. 108, note 102 262 1274 401 433 897 1453 1397 cf. 1457 1457 cf. 1479 1489 cf. 1489 cf. 1475 1483 cf. 801 802 cf. 805 cf. 805 cf. 802 662 671 1107 270 1106 cf. 268, 270; p. 78 cf. 837 cf. 329

Inv.No. P 28529 P 28530 P 28532 P 28533 P 28540 P 28544 P 28545 P 28558 P 28559 P 28560 P 28561 P 28562 P 28563 P 28564 P 28565 P 28566 P 28567 P 28568 P 28569 P 28570 P 28572 P 28573 P 28581 P 28582 P 28596 P 28597 P 28598 P 28599 P 28601 P 28612 P 28619 P 28620 P 28621 P 28622 P 28623 P 28625 P 28626 P 28627 P 28629 P 28630 P 28631 P 28632 P 28633 P 28636 P 28637 P 28638-640 P 28641 P 28644 P 28645 P 28651

Cat.no.orpage 1374 347 329 cf. 1097 cf. 603, 619 p. 56, note 75 p. 56, note 75 1456 cf. 1456 1487 cf. 1487 1448 cf. 1480 cf. 1480 cf. 1471 cf. 1471 1471 cf. 1471 cf. 1471 1467 cf. 1467 cf. 1467 273 275 672 893 896 cf. 920 515 cf. 458 917 918 cf. 890,893 891 663 cf. 743, 745, 1098; p. 150 748 730 941 560 559 557 1010 cf. 481 1139 cf. 268; p. 78 292 293 295 1021

545

CONCORDANCES Inv.No.

P 28679 P 28681 P 28682 P 28684 P 28706 P 28708 P 28709 P 28710 P 28711 P 28731 P 28738 P 28739 P 28740 P 28741 P 28742 P 28743 P 28744 P 28745 P 28754 P 28755 P 28757 P 28758 P 28765 P 28778 P 28783 P 28784 P 28785 P 28786 P 28787 P 28788 P 28789 P 28792 P 28795 P 28800 P 28801 P 28807 P 28866 P 28884-886 P 28887 P 28888 P 28889 P 28917 P 28923 P 28924 P 29051 P 29085 P 29087 P 29094 P 29095 P 29096 P 29097

Cat.no.orpage 1163 1169 1167 1166 7 cf.2 42 43 6 502 1392 1077 983 cf. 980 980 164 856 1756 1669 cf. 256 1233 348 cf. 355 587 cf. 1410 cf. 1408 cf. 1417 1410 cf. 1410 1417 cf. 43 cf. 1408 503 cf. 1408 1408 p. 128, note 43 150 cf. 1408 cf. 704; p. 145 777 816 cf. 1408 p. 133, note 64 1207 1128 cf.6 1072 cf. 1412 cf. 1412 1412 cf. 1412

Ino. Jo.

P 29098 P 29100 P 29104 P 29105 P 29106 P 29107 P 29108 P 29112 P 29113 P 29114 P 29119 P 29123 P 29126 P 29127 P 29129 P 29130 P 29161 P 29172 P 29175 P 29176 P 29180 P 29181 P 29182 P 29183 P 29188 P 29190 P 29197 P 29200 P 29202 P 29212 P 29224 P 29229 P 29231 P 29236 P 29258 P 29285 P 29286 P 29287 P 29289 P 29290 P 29298 P 29299 P 29304 P 29310 P 29314 P 29322 P 29327 P 29328 P 29333 P 29344 P 29345

Cat.no.orpage 1199 1265 37 41 44 103 cf. 103 189 199 228 168 p. 165, note 67 cf. 680 631 96 cf. 96, 101 cf. 1756 cf.7 53 cf. 54; p. 86 94 98 cf. 107 104 cf. 128 129 1394 1393 1404 473 p. 188, note 4 cf. 999 1112 184 399 cf. 19 cf. 14 cf. 64 cf. 152 cf. 874, 877 p. 458, underJ 5:1 227 cf. 1410 cf. 15 1460 cf. 1410 cf. 1054; p. 165, note 65 997 cf. 1420 421 1675

546 Inv.No. P 29346 P 29376 P 29758 P 29760 P 29761 P 29762 P 29764 P 29765 P 30201 P 30205 P 30432 P 30795 P 30801 P 30803 P 30872 P 30899 P 30907 P 30911 P 30928 P 30929 P 30930 P 30937 P 30938 P 30940 P 30941 P 30942 P 30945 P 30946 P 30947 P 30951 P 30952 P 30955 P 31034 P 31035 P 31060 P 31100 P 31136 P31140 P 31199 P 31334 P31335 P 31336 P31337 P 31355 P 31376 P 31403 P 31420 P 31661 P 31696 P 31714

CONCORDANCES Cat.no.orpage 424 cf. 1398; p. 207, note 24 1711 cf. 1409 cf. 1409 cf. 1418 cf. 1419 cf. 64 823 p. 177, note 36 p. 468, under P 21:4 1075 cf. 1075 p. 165, note 67 p. 471, under R 13:11 709 cf. 709 p. 165, note 67 1173 1174 632 1220 1144 1403 718 407 1127 22 cf. 22 cf. 718 cf. 791 470 1419 cf. 712 1202 cf. 98 cf. 1784 p. 34, note 115; p. 447, under E 15:4 1357 cf. 229 798 cf. 1472 736 p. 216, note 70 cf. 217; p. 68, note 132; p. 102, note 85 252 p. 109, note 106 p. 216, note 69 p. 469, under Q8-9 1580

Inv.No. P 31717 P 31724 P 31742 P 31743 P 31745 P31753 P 31754 P 31779 P 31795 P 31796 P 31797 P 31798 P 31799 P 31800 P 31801 P 31802 P 31803 P 31848 P 31860 P 31862 P 31863 P 31864 P 31865 P 31866 P 31867 P 31873 P 31874 P 31875 P 31876 P 31877 P 31878 P 31879 P 31880 P 31923 P 31924 P 31925 P 31926 P 31927 P 31928 P 31929 P 31930 P 31931 P 31932 P 31933 P 31934 P 31936 P 31938 P 31939 P 31940 P 31946 P 31947

Cat.no.orpage cf. 517 158 cf. 268; p. 78 cf. 1206 cf. 418 1544 1583 1277 p. 77; p. 446, under E 14:1 161 137 630 pp. 76, 77 cf. 268; p. 78 cf. 74; p. 74 313 cf. 196; p. 78 cf. 1328; p. 200 1149 411 1680 1781 1679 1637 1095 1331 1346 336 338 1327 1697 337 1692 1543 cf. 1541 cf. 1729 1338 cf. 1338 1640 1135 1136 1137 1608 1196 cf. 1770 p. 452, under F 19:6 1645 561 p. 469, under Q8-9 1656 1650

547

CONCORDANCES Inv.No. P 31948 P 31949 P 31951 P 31952 P 31953 P 31954 P 31955 P 31956 P 31957 P 31958 P 31959 P 31960 P 31961 P 31962 P 31963 P 31964 P 31965 P 31967 P 31968 P 31969 P 31970 P 32018 P 32019

Cat.no.orpage 834 cf. 1672 1709 1601 681 1715 1774 cf. 1761 1345 577 1688 1602 1609 1610 1623 444 1708 1676 1526 1639 1678 cf. 1574 cf. 1574

SS 349 SS 370 SS 372 SS 379 SS 455 SS 456 SS 1536 SS 2092 SS 2181 SS 2183 SS 2259 SS 2663 SS 3016 SS 4377 SS 4475 SS 4494 SS 4511 SS 4840 SS 4916 SS 4947 SS 4970 SS 4997 SS 5136 SS 5150 SS 5162 SS 5282 SS 5292

p. 457, under I 17:5 p. 456, under H 16:3 p. 456, under H 17:5 p. 454, under G 15:2 p. 454, under G 13:8 p. 454, under G 13:8 p. 459, underJ 12:3 p. 449, under F 9:2 p. 448, under F 9:2 pp. 448-449, under F 9:2 p. 447, under E 15:2 p. 450, under F 12:7 p. 449, under F 12:3 p. 442, under D 11:8 p. 459, under K 7:1 p. 459, under K 7:1 p. 459, under K 7:1 p. 444, under D-E 8-9:1 p. 445, under E 10:1 p. 469, under Q11:3 p. 439, under C 8:2 p. 445, under E 10:1 p. 442, under D 11:4 p. 442, under D 11:4 p. 442, under D 11:4 p. 442, under D 11:4 p. 442, under D 11:4

Inv.JNo. SS 5373 SS 5748 SS 6127 SS 6168 SS 6169 SS 6170 SS 6300 SS 6307 SS 6428 SS 6504 SS 6523 SS 6579 SS 6585 SS 6998 SS 7038 SS 7085 SS 7269 SS 7313 SS 7332 SS 7337 SS 7373 SS 7445 SS 7483 SS 7524 SS 7580 SS 7581-583 SS 7764 SS 7898 SS 7993 SS 8020 SS 8074 SS 8081 SS 8084 SS 8133 SS 8193 SS 8210 SS 8211 SS 8934 SS 9086 SS 9201 SS 9202 SS 9291 SS 9329 SS 9367 SS 9441-445 SS 9461 SS 9512 SS 9542 SS 9543 SS 9591 SS 9603

Cat.no.orpage p. 469, under Q11:3 p. 440, under C 12:2 p. 444, under E 3:1 p. 447, under E 14:6 p. 447, under E 14:6 p. 447, under E 14:6 p. 439, under C 8:1 p. 439, under C 8:1 p. 435, under B 13:3 p. 435, under E 6:2 p. 435, under B 13:1 p. 462, under I-O 15:1 p. 462, under I-O 15:1 p. 461, under M 18:2 1777 p. 460, under K 18:2 p. 436, under B 13:8 p. 464, under N 19:1 p. 441, under D 5:2 p. 441, under D 5:2 p. 460, under M 18:1 p. 460, under M 18:1 p. 473, under U 22:1 p. 433, under A 14:2 p. 436, under B 15:1 p. 435, under B 13:7 p. 436, under B 13:8 p. 464, under N 20:7 1776 p. 466, under 0 20:2 p. 466, under 0 20:1 p. 467, under 0 20:3 p. 471, under S 19:2 p. 467, under 0 20:3 p. 473, under U 22:1 p. 458, underJ 5:1 p. 458, underJ 5:1 p. 463, under N 21:4 p. 473, under U 22:1 p. 444, under D 19:2 p. 444, under D 19:2 p. 471, under R 21:2 p. 439, under B 21:24 p. 438, under B 21:24 p. 357, under 1187 p. 452, under F 19:6 p. 439, under B 21:25 p. 460, under L 19:2 p. 460, under K-L 18-20:1 p. 439, under B 22:4 p. 439, under B 22:4

CONCORDANCES

548 Inv.No. SS 9610 SS 9613 SS 9614-621 SS 9663 SS 9683 SS 9738 SS 9743-746 SS 9748 SS 9750 SS 9751 SS 9753-755 SS 9876 SS 9901 SS 9916 SS 10015 SS 10082-088 SS 10145 SS 10257 SS 10286 SS 10332 SS 10340-342 SS 10344 SS 10709 SS 10712 SS 10799 SS 10831 SS 10994 SS 11076 SS 11122 SS 11346 SS 11348 SS 11353 SS 11354 SS 11496 SS 11524

Cat.no.orpage p. 439, under B 22:4 p. 439, under B 22:4 p. 357, under 1187 p. 438, under B 20:7 p. 438, under B 20:7 p. 434, under A-B 19-20:2 p. 438, under B 21:24 p. 438, under B 21:24 p. 438, under B 21:24 p. 438, under B 21:24 p. 438, under B 21:24 p. 437, under B 18:13 p. 437, under B 18:13 p. 434, under A 18:1 p. 464, under N 21:9 p. 437, under B 18:12 p. 437, under B 18:7 p. 437, under B 18:7 p. 461, under M 21:1 p. 443, under D 17:11 p. 442, under D 16:1 p. 442, under D 16:1 p. 444, under D 17:12 p. 443, under D 17:4 p. 469, under Q8-9 p. 469, under Q8-9 p. 444, under D 17:12 p. 470, under Q-R 10-11:1 p. 469, under Q 11:3 p. 459, underJ 11:1 p. 459, underJ 11:1 p. 459, underJ 11:1 p. 459, underJ 11:1 p. 467, under O-R 7-10 p. 467, under O-R 7-10

Inv.No. SS 11621 SS 13197 SS 13198 SS 13200 SS 13233 SS 13913 SS 14082 SS 14096 SS 14275 SS 14287 SS 14296 SS 14356-358 SS 14374-376 SS 14421 SS 14502 SS 14594 SS 14754 SS 14759 SS 14763 SS 14770 SS 14771 SS 14801 SS 14823 SS 14825

Cat.no.orpage p. 470, under Q-R 10-11:1 p. 463, under N 16:2 p. 463, under N 16:2 p. 463, under N 16:2 p. 469, under Q9:4 p. 467, under O-R 7-10 p. 465, under 0 16:3 p. 434, under A 17:3 p. 466, under 0 17:6 p. 466, under 0 17:7 p. 461, under M 18:10 p. 472, under T 17:3 p. 470, under Q17:9 p. 463, under I-O 15:1 p. 448, under E 29:1 p. 463, under I-O 15:1 p. 467, under P 6:3 p. 458, underJ 5:1 p. 458, underJ 5:1 p. 458, underJ 5:1 p. 458, underJ 5:1 1775 p. 471, under R 13:11 p. 471, under R 13:11

T 327 T477 T878 T 888 T930 T 1345 T 2284 T2311 T 2515 T 3675

1154 49 p. 181, note 38 cf. 1435 p. 442, under D 15:3 cf. 377; p. 116, note 150 p. 210, note 36 1387 p. 207, note 20; p. 210, note 36 p. 210, note 36

549

CONCORDANCES

CONCORDANCEOF KNIDIANTYPE (KT)NUMBERS Inv.Jo. KT 24 KT 46 KT 122 KT 146 KT 163 KT 192 KT 293 KT 294 KT 296 KT 321 KT 366 KT478 KT 480 KT 482 KT 483 KT 486 KT 625 KT651 KT 678 KT814 KT 832 KT 955 KT971 KT972 KT 1013 KT 1043

Cat.no.orpage p. 439, under B 22:4 p. 449, under F 9:2 p. 462, under I-0 15:1 p. 447, under E 14:6 p. 436, underB 15:1 p. 461, under Q 11:3 p. 441, under D 5:2 p. 454, under G 15:2 p. 473, under U 22:1 p. 439, under B 21:25 p. 434, under A-B 19-20:2; p. 439, under C 8:2; p. 471, under R 21:2 p. 436, under G 13:8;p. 460, under M 18:1 p. 439, under B 22:4 p. 454, under G 13:8 p. 448, under F 9:2 p. 470, under Q 17:9 p. 459, underJ 11:1 p. 445, under E 10:1 p. 443, under D 17:11 p. 447, under E 15:2 p. 469, under Q9:4 p. 458, underJ 5:1 p. 462, under I-O 15:1 p. 463, under I-O 15:1 p. 466, under 0 17:6 p. 442, under D 11:4

Inv.No. KT 1071 KT 1105 KT 1225 KT 1278 KT 1280 KT KT KT KT KT KT KT KT KT KT KT

1410 1434 1446 1461 1488 1495 1500 1505 1508 1519 1530

KT 1531 KT 1538 KT KT KT KT KT KT

1542 1579 1591 1600 1610 1788

Cat.no.orpage p. 471, under S 19:2 p. 469, under Q8-9 p. 469, underQ 11:3 p. 434, under A 18:1 p. 442, under D 11:8;p. 444, under D 19:2 p. 458, underJ 5:1 p. 434, under A-B 19-20:2 p. 470, under Q-R 10-11:1 p. 437, under B 18:13 p. 461, under M 18:2 p. 473, under U 22:1 p. 443, under D 17:4 p. 447, under E 14:6 p. 460, under M 18:1 p. 439, under B 22:4 p. 448, under F 9:2; p. 470, under Q 17:9 p. 433, under A 14:2 p. 436, under G 13:8;p. 460, under M 18:1;p. 473, under U 22:1 p. 470, under Q 17:9 p. 439, under B 22:4 p. 447, under E 14:6 p. 464, under N 19:1 p. 441, under D 5:2 p. 439, under C 8:1

CONCORDANCES

550

CONCORDANCEOF COINS Inv.No. A-998 AA-838 AA-842 a-d AA-843 AA-930 AA-968 B-207 B-491 BB-873 Br-852 Br-854 Br-855 BA-395 BA-417 BA-459 BA-484 BA-486 r-240 r-1194 r-1199 r-1431 a-c r-1432 r-1441 a,b r-1480 r-1483 rr-195 rr-196 rr-211 rr-212 rr-257 AA-37 AA-63 EE-77 EE-78 Z-311 Z-317 Z-319 K-1654 K-1751 KK-44 KK-63 KK-437 AA-48 AA-49 AA-121 AA-204 AA-222 AA-236 AA-253

Pageno. p. 455, under H 6:9 p. 472, under S 19:3 p. 472, under S 19:3 p. 472, under S 19:3 p. 472, under S 19:5 p. 471, under S 19:2 p. 450, under F 12:7 p. 24; p. 449, under F 11:2 p. 472, under S 21:1 p. 458, underJ 5:1 p. 458, underJ 5:1 p. 458, underJ 5:1 p. 467, under P 6:3 p. 467, under P 6:5 p. 467, under P 6:6 p. 469, under Q6:5 p. 469, under Q 6:5 p. 447, under E 15:2 p. 446, under E 14:1 p. 446, under E 14:1 p. 442, under D 15:3 p. 442, under D 15:3 p. 442, under D 15:3 p. 442, under D 15:4 p. 447, under E 14:6 p. 452, under F 19:2 p. 452, under F 19:2 under 1572 under 1572 p. 457, under H 19:1 p. 460, under K-L 18-20:1 p. 460, under L 19:2 p. 465, under N 21:4 p. 465, under N 21:4 p. 454, under G 13:8 p. 454, under G 13:8 p. 454, under G 13:8 p. 455, under H 14:2 p. 456, under H 16:7 p. 439, under C 8:2 p. 440, under C 8:5 p. 445, under E 6:1 and 2 p. 445, under E 5:2 p. 445, under E 5:2 p. 445, under E 5:5 p. 441, under D 5:2 p. 445, under E 5:5 p. 445, under E 5:5 p. 441, under D 5:2

Inv.No. AA-270 MM-227 MM-316 ME-294 NN-1263 NN-1398 NN-1467 NN-1468 NN-1469 NN-1640 a, b NN-1641 NN-1650 NN-1651 NN-2050 NN-2051 a,b OA-252 OA-254 a-c OA-255 OA-256 OA-259 OA-293 OA-296 OA-297 OA-298 00-1334 00-1524

II-66 ne-67 nI-97 Hn-103 nI-104 II-121 le-313 nI-314 nI-382 II-430 IIO-472 IIe-473 II-515 II-524 nI-654 nI-689 nI-753 IIe-776 a-c IIn-777

II-781 nII-782 IIe-789 Oe-794

Pageno. p. 441, under D 5:2 p. 444, under E 3:1 p. 444, under E 3:1 p. 462, under I-O 15:1 p. 439, under B 21:25 p. 439, under B 22:4 p. 439, under B 22:4 p. 439, under B 22:4 p. 439, under B 22:4 p. 437, under B 19:1 p. 437, under B 19:1 p. 434, under A 18:1 p. 434, under A 18:1 p. 437, under B 19:5 p. 437, under B 19:5 p. 473, under T 27:1 p. 473, under T 27:1 p. 473, under T 27:1 p. 473, under T 27:1 p. 473, under T 27:1 p. 473, under U 26:1 p. 473, under U 26:1 p. 473, under U 26:1 p. 473, under U 26:1 p. 443, under D 17:3 p. 452, under F 17:4 p. 442, under D 11:8 p. 442, under D 11:8 p. 444, under D-E 8-9:1 p. 444, under D-E 8-9:1 p. 444, under D-E 8-9:1 p. 444, under D-E 8-9:1 p. 442, under D 11:4 p. 442, under D 11:4 p. 441, under D 11:1 p. 441, under D 11:2 p. 441, under D 11:1 p. 441, under D 11:1 p. 435, under B 12:5 p. 435, under B 12:5 p. 440, under C 12:2 p. 435, under B 12:2 p. 436, under B 13:8 p. 433, under A 14:1 p. 433, under A 14:1 p. 433, under A 14:1 p. 433, under A 14:1 p. 433, under A 14:2 p. 433, under A 14:2

551

CONCORDANCES IIe-795 II-796 nII-809 Im-620 Im-999 Inn-1001 HI-1002 PP-822 PP-864 S-4645 EA-10 SA-11 EA-16 EA-87 EA-190 EA-367 EA-375 EA-377 EA-384 EA-385 ET-194

p. 433, under A 14:2 p. 433, under A 14:2 p. 433, under A 14:2 under 1691 p. 434, under A 17:3 p. 434, under A 17:3 p. 434, under A 17:3 p. 471, under R 13:9 p. 471, under R 13:9 p. 468, under P 10:1 p. 470, under Q-R 10-11:3 p. 470, under Q-R 10-11:2 p. 470, under Q-R 10-11:1 p. 469, under Q8-9 p. 467, under O-R 7-10 p. 467, under O-R 7-10 p. 467, under O-R 7-10 p. 467, under O-R 7-10 p. 467, under O-R 7-10 p. 467, under O-R 7-10 p. 451, under F 16:1

ET'-631 ST'-715 ET'-722 T-1194 T-1377 T-186 $-339 4-340 $-342 X-42 X-84 X-101 X-191 Q-125 0-140 Q-164 0-359 Q-527 t-534 Q-556

p. 456, under H 17:6 p. 456, under H 17:5 p. 456, under H 17:5 p. 462, under M-N 15:1 p. 462, under M-N 15:1 p. 460, under K 18:2 p. 465, under 0 17:5 p. 465, under 0 17:5 p. 466, under 0 17:6 p. 464, under N 19:1 p. 464, under N 19:1 p. 463, under N 18:3 p. 463, under N 19:1 p. 464, under N 20:7 p. 464, under N 20:4 p. 464, under N 20:4 p. 464, under N 20:6 p. 468, under P 21:4 p. 468, under P 21:4 p. 470, under Q20:4

INDEXES

I GENERAL INDEX The main reference to shapes discussedunder major headings in the text is in italics. See Motif Index for painted and relief motifs. ACANTHus, HANDLEEMERGING FROM 202

Achaemenid cup. SeeCalyx-cup, silver. Adriani, A. 29 Africa, North, pottery of 146, 184, 225 Agathe Tyche 68, 88. SeealsoInscription Index. Agathos Daimon 69 Agesipolis (Knidian duovir)443 Agias (Knidian eponym) 443, 454, 460, 470 Agloumbrotos (Rhodian eponym) 459, 466 AgoraXII 4,8, 151 AgoraXXII 4,72 Aigina 39, 73, 74, 227 Aiolia 235 Akropolis, north slope of 35, 207-208; south slope of 35124,105, 107, 196; west slope of 38, 53 Alabastron 212 Alexander Sarcophagus 55, 56 Alexander the Great, coin of 23, 29. SeealsoThebes. Alexandria 39, 111, 112, 117, 176; cemeteries of 97; ceramics of 118, 186; metalware of 116, 203, 206. See also Chatby; Egypt; Hadra; Plakettenvase; Plinthine; Ptolemies. Alexandros (Knidian eponym) 441 Alexis (comic poet) 69 Alkaline glaze. SeeGreen-glazed ware. Altar 131, 201, 210, 211 Amphiaraos 68 Amphipolis 88 Amphora Cypriot 177 Imported 177, 232, 398, 401, 407, 412, 416 Miniature 376 Moldmade 76, 77, 122, 123-124, 140, 292 Panathenaic shape 3, 4, 5, 200-201, 202, 225; golddecorated 42; on mosaic 52. SeealsoLid. Small black-glazedpointed 184 Transport 8, 29, 31, 32, 118, 168, 179, 186, 187, 226. SeealsoStamped amphora handles. West Slope shape Asia Minor/Black Sea variety 122 Attic 6, 12, 13, 14-15, 27, 34, 46, 47, 48, 50, 51, 53, 54, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 73, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 120-124, 125, 127, 137, 285-291 Knossian 30 Amyntas (Rhodian fabricant) 469

Anaxippidas (Knidian eponym) 436 Andromenes (Knidian eponym) 442 Anthesteria 213 Antigonos Gonatas, coin of 180 AntikytheraWreck 227 Antilochos (potter) 186 Antioch 236 Aphrodite 68, 88, 131. SeealsoInscription Index. Apollo 55 Apollo Patroos,temple of 207 Apollodoros (Knidian eponym) 438 Apollon[ (potter) 186 Apollonios (potter) 18650 Apollophanes (Rhodian fabricant) 439 Appliqu6 232, 235, 405-406. SeealsoEmblem; Pergamene applique ware; Plastic attachments. Apuleius 194, 195 Apulia 41 Archaic period, pottery of 29, 169, 175, 184, 201, 209, 211, 236. SeealsoBlack figure. Archaios (tragicpoet) 69 Archilaus(Pontic general) 34 Archokrates(Rhodian eponym) 437 Areopagos 24, 38 Ares (Knidian eponym) 467 Argos,importsfrom 221,417-418,420; potteryof 225 Aristainos (Knidian eponym) 439, 447, 454, 460 Aristion(Atheniantyrant) 34; (Rhodianfabricant) 437, 459 Aristokrates(Knidianeponym) 448, 454; (Rhodian fabricant) 467 Aristomedes (Knidian eponym) 445 Ariston (potter) 396

Aristonides(Rhodian eponym) 435 Aristophanes(Thasian eponym) 434 Aristoteles (Thasian fabricant) 444 Arrowheads 3193, 33, 35 Arsenal 35 Arsinoe II 25, 3193,57 Arsinoeion on Samothrace 25 Artemis 54, 56. SeealsoMotif Index. Artiukov'skurgan 131 Aryballos, Attic 6, 171-172, 351-352; imported 221, 403, 421-422 Ashmolean Museum 56

556

INDEX I: GENERAL INDEX

Asia, Roman province of 223, 236 Asia Minor, pottery of 117, 120, 122, 140, 222, 223, 233, 234, 235, 416-417. See also Cup, Knidian; Ephesos; Knidos; Miletos; Pergameneappliqueware; Pergamon; Platter,Ionian Asklepios 68, 88. SeealsoInscription Index. Askos 185; Classical 179; with strainertop 174, 181 Askos, baggy 46, 131, 298; duck 6, 171, 351; plastic 6, 175, 221,354, 426 Athanadotos (Rhodian eponym) 461 Athena 184, 202 Athenaios (Knidian fabricant) 449 Athlete, victorious 52 Attalos (potter) 225 Attalos II of Pergamon 18. SeealsoStoa of Attalos. Attalos III of Pergamon 223 236 BARIoTINEDECORATION

Barbouna 198 Barr-Sharrar,B. 111 Base, rectangular 46 Basin, imported 422 Basket 184, 195, 196 Bathing 6, 167, 196, 204 Beaker,glossy slip ware 231, 396; gray ware 235, 400401; thin-walled ware 221, 425 Beazley,J. D. 5, 91 Beer 18119 Behr, D. 222 Bell 201,372 Benaki Collection 40 Benghazi 234 Berlin 184 Binder,J. P. 26, 27 Bion's workshop. SeeWorkshopof Bion. Bird (stamped) 37 Black figure 42, 97, 98, 135, 142, 202, 204, 224, 265 Black-glazed C2 ware. SeePlatter,Ionian. Black-patternedpottery 179 Black Sea, pottery found on 73, 74, 233; pottery of 120, 140, 122;wooden pyxidesof 191. SeealsoKerch. Blister ware 171, 172, 181 Boiotia, pottery of 9, 13, 30, 69, 90, 91, 97-99, 179, 184, 221, 411, 415 Bolsal, Attic 97, 259-260; imported 411 Bolster-Cup 12, 45, 74, 75, 96-97, 107, 259; miniature 46, 64, 203, 276 Boss, plain, as emblem 92, 111 Bouleuterion, New 35 Bovon, A. 179, 180 Bowl 6, 10, 11, 13, 15, 17, 23, 24, 37, 46, 150, 151, 153, 155 SeealsoKrater; Lebes; Lekanis. Beveled 37, 164, 344 Covered 73 Covered, pyre 213, 217, 388-389 Deep

Plain rim 168, 349 Projectingrim 46, 51, 138, 167-168, 348-349 Eastern Sigillata A 13, 160, 164, 194 Echinus, Attic 37, 97, 156, 161-164, 167, 338-344; imported 420 Footedhemispherical 13,37,161,162,163, 164,344 Imported 235, 403, 404, 406, 407, 408, 409, 411, 413, 419, 420, 422-423, 425, 427 Large, West Slope 51, 202, 374. Miniaturevotive 209, 210, 381 Outturned rim 24, 34, 37, 76, 77, 119, 143, 155, 156-160, 161, 162, 329-338. Small Broad base 37, 161, 165, 345-346 Projectingrim 165, 344-345 Verticalupper wall 13, 37, 160-161, 338 Bowl-kantharos 8, 12, 27, 37, 42, 45, 48, 53, 54, 58, 65, 73, 74, 75, 77, 83, 86, 87, 90, 92-94, 95, 96, 107, 173, 255-257; silver 40, 93 BracketLeaf Group 73, 89, 92, 96, 121, 189 Braun, K. 25, 29, 97 Breakageof pottery,ritual 212, 215 Breccia, E. 29 Brick Building 469, 470 Broneer,O. 21 Bronze age, pottery of 183, 184, 232; ivory pyxis in 191 Bronze vessels 12, 96, 129, 134, 135, 202 Bruneau, P. 179, 180 Brussels 45, 73, 95 Building Z (Kerameikos) 18, 20, 23, 24, 25, 84, 99, 13157, 165, 178 P.J. 30, 224 Calyx-cup, Attic 12, 42, 45, 47, 48, 64, 73, 83, 91-92, 111, 254-255; imported 415; silver 12, 40, 111 Campana wares 5, 7, 13-14, 37, 154, 155, 160, 221, 406-407 Campania 41 Canteen, Attic 7, 13, 38, 46, 171, 183-187, 358-360; imported 404 Capacity. SeeStamp as guarantee of capacity. Cassander 19,26 Cassandreia. SeeKassandreia. Cavalry,archive of 27, 28 Centuripe ware 232 Chalkidike. SeeOlynthos. Charitonides,S. I. 185 Chatby 18, 29-31, 32, 166, 181, 223 Chersonese 118 Chios 235 Chous. SeeOinochoe, Shape 3. Chremonidean War 18, 31, 33, 117 Chronology,basis of 6, 8, 18, 35 Chytrai213 Chytridion 3, 132, 212, 213, 215-216, 386-387 CALLAGHAN,

INDEX I: GENERAL INDEX Circle, inscribed at center of floor 162 Circles, concentric, inscribed on floor of vessel 160, 160-161,233, 235 Cistamystica 195, 196 City wall of Athens 23, 26, 34, 8816 Class 2 (type of moldmade bowl) 29 Classical period, pottery of 5, 14, 15, 39-40, 45, 83, 97-98, 142, 151, 165, 169, 171, 174, 175, 179, 183, 184, 186, 188, 191, 192, 197, 199, 204, 205, 209, 214, 215, 223, 236. Seealso Gold-decorated pottery; Red figure. Clay, imported 10, 151 Cock 56 Coins, as evidence for dating 8, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 29, 31, 32, 33, 35, 214, 431, 432; Athenian new style silver 37, 158, 196, 212; hoard in Macedonia 170-171; Ptolemaic 29, 31, 57, 116. Seealso Antigonos Gonatos; Alexander the Great; Owl-left coin. Comic actor 184 Comparison, between vessels of different sizes 9, 105; between vessels of differentwares 9, 20, 32 Cooking ware 3, 4, 5, 14, 20, 132, 216 Copenhagen 42 Corinth, Classical pottery of 41, 198; Hellenistic pottery of 4, 5, 14, 396,5679,69, 95, 114, 122, 163, 172, 179, 180; imports from 221, 415, 417, 421, 423; pottery found at 177, 227, 231, 234; Roman lamps of 21; Roman pottery of 4340, 231 Coroplast'sDump (S 19:3). SeeDeposit Index. Cosmetics, vessels for storing 7. SeealsoLekanis;Medicine bottle; Pyxis. Courby,F. 111 Crete, Hellenistic pottery of 31, 111. See also Hadra hydria;Knossos; Plakettenvase. CrossroadsEnclosure 176 CrossroadsWell J 5:1). SeeDeposit Index. Cup Black-glazed hemispherical, Attic 38, 109, 276; imported 415-416 Imitation Knidian 37, 118, 119, 234, 284-285 Imitation Palestinian 117-118, 284 Imported 409, 413, 425; gray-ware 234, 235, 236, 400, 401, 403, 404; lagynos-ware 225, 229, 230, 395; Pergamene 408; white-ground 398-399 Interior decoration, Attic 27, 38, 46, 47, 51, 52, 53, 63, 65, 66, 67, 68, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 94, 107, 109, 110-117, 139, 153, 277-283; imported 232, 398, 411-412; gold-glass 113, 114; metal 110, 113, 114 Knidian 9, 12, 117, 118, 119, 222, 233-234, 399400 Miniature votive 203, 207, 209, 210, 211, 379-381 Moldmade, footed, Attic 140, 141, 306-308; imported 404, 425-426. See also Moldmade bowl; Kantharos, Hellenistic: moldmade.

557

Moldmade feet, Attic 46, 50, 53, 63, 64, 73, 74, 75, 77, 96, 107-108, 275; imported 222, 409, 411; metal 108 Net-pattern 46, 107, 108-109, 275-276; gold-glass 109; silver 109 Parabolic 12, 109-110, 113, 276, 400; glass 109; silver 109 Thericleian 111 Two-handled Attic 46, 117-119, 285; miniature 46, 203, 376. Seealso Cup, Imitation Knidian; Cup, Imitation Palestinian Imported 400, 415. SeealsoCup, Knidian. Cup-kantharos,Attic 5, 12, 42, 45, 47, 48, 50, 54, 57, 73, 74, 75, 76, 78, 83, 85-89, 91, 92, 94, 101, 247251; Attic miniature 203, 375; imported 221, 406; silver 88 Cup-kantharos,tall stem 88-89, 251 Cup-skyphos 83, 85 Curse tablet 26, 27, 212 Cybele Cistern (E 14:3). SeeDeposit Index. Cypriot sigillata 182 Cyprus, pottery of 177, 181, 182, 184, 225, 227, 228, 229. SeealsoKafizin; Paphos. DAIPHRON(THASIAN EPONYM) 448

Damokrates (Knidian fabricant) 439, 471; (Rhodian fabricant) 435, 459 Damonikos (Rhodian fabricant) 450 Delos, altar on 131; Athenian control of 13, 223, 236; attacked by Mithridates 35126; House of the Seals 79; mosaic on 52; pottery found on 79, 140, 179, 180, 200, 227, 232, 234, 235; temple inventories 58, 206 Demeter Cistern (F 16:1). SeeDeposit Index. Demetrias 73, 74, 97, 166 Demetrios of Phaleron 26, 178 Demetrios Poliorketes 166 Dengate,J.A. 19 Deonna, W. 131 Deposits at the Agora 431-473; dating of 8, 431; nomenclature 432 Destruction debris 79, 86, 227. See also Building Z; Menon's Cistern; Sullan destruction debris;Tholos. Diana 55 Diet 14, 169 Dikeras Group 47, 50, 54, 65, 74, 75-77, 87, 112, 121, 125, 189 Diner, reclining 175 Dining, public 145 Diokles (Knidian eponym) 438, 462 Dionysios (Knidian eponym) 461, 463 Dionysios the Areopagite Street 38 Dionysos 54, 55, 68, 88, 205; circle of 53, 203. Seealso InscriptionIndex; Motif Index. Dipinto 138. SeealsoInscription Index.

558

INDEX I: GENERAL INDEX

Dipper 124, 133-134, 170, 301-302; shell 134, 302 Dipping, glazing by means of 11, 106, 126, 145, 149, 159, 229, 230, 233; vessels for 6, 124, 132-134 Dipylon Gate 25, 26 Dipylon Well B1 18, 25-29, 84, 85, 90, 93, 94, 97, 99, 103, 112, 121, 125, 126, 127, 128, 166, 170, 171 Dish, small, imported 232, 398 Display of pottery in the home 153 D6rpfeld, W. 22, 38 Dorkylidas (Rhodian eponym) 435 Doron 63, 68, 69. SeealsoInscription Index. Dorotheos (Rhodian fabricant) 186. SeealsoInscription Index. Dorou (potter's stamp) 186 Double cruet, Attic 6, 13, 46, 179-180, 355-356: imported 403-404 Drawshaft 432 Drinking, vessels for 6, 9, 14, 15, 27, 28, 29, 53, 54, 69, 78, 83-119, 140, 153, 154, 168, 18 1819,201, 202, 204, 212, 213, 214, 225, 235 Drinking customs 69; change in 14-15, 126, 136 Dromeus Painter 224 Duck, head of, as handle 56 Duoviri 35, 432 EARLIERPOTTERY,IMITATIONOF 46, 65, 148

Eastern Sigillata A 3, 12, 43, 148, 154, 160, 164, 194, 221, 222, 235 Eating habits and customs 7, 14, 15, 145, 167 Edwards, G. R. 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 14, 3191, 97, 134 Edwards/Dikeras Workshop 73, 74-77, 87 Edwards Group 54, 65, 72, 74-75, 77, 112, 117, 125, 142, 174, 189 Egg and dart (stamped) 38 Egypt 25, 57; influence of on Attic pottery 111, 112, 117, 203; metalware of 205, 206; pottery found in 90, 111; pottery of 116, 118, 184, 231. See also Alexandria;Arsinoe II; Memphis; Ptolemies;Ptolemy Egyptian gods. SeeIsis; Serapis. Eiresione52 Elis 191 Emblem 9, 12, 56, 66, 68, 73, 92, 93, 110, 111, 112, 114-117, 203, 206, 277, 281-283, 406; metal 110111, 116, 117 Enklaar,A. 224 Ephesos 222, 235 Epicurians 128 Eponymous Heroes, monument of 35 Eponyms, Knidian 432 Eretria 166 Eridanos cemetery 177, 178, 191 Eros 56, 58. SeealsoMotif Index. ESA. SeeEastern Sigillata A. Etruria,pottery of 13, 41, 154, 155, 160, 184 Euboia 59. SeealsoEretria. Euboulos (Knidian eponym) 439

Eukrates(Knidian eponym) 466 Eunoia 68. SeealsoInscription Index. Euphragoras(Knidian eponym) 447, 464 Euphranor(Knidian eponym) 438, 439 Euphron, Rhodian eponym 8816 Eupolemos (Macedonian general) 26 Export, of Attic pottery 73, 74, 143, 223 Eye, diseases of the 198 FABRICOF ATTIC POTTERY 10, 43, 124; gray 139; pale

10, 104, 151; votive 203, 209, 211 Faceted body. SeeTrimming. Faience 7, 30, 57, 112, 222, 427 Feeder 7, 181, 183, 358 Feline 5679 Ferguson,W. S. 18-19 Figurines 24, 98, 115, 116, 150, 184, 206 Filterjug Attic 6-7, 13, 396, 141, 180-183, 357-358; imported 235, 405, 409, 422, 426 Moldmade

13, 396, 183, 357-358, 426

Fish-plate, Attic 15, 24, 3191, 32, 34, 143, 146-149, 315-317; imported 222, 235, 402-403, 417-418; silver 146 Fitch Laboratory(BritishSchool at Athens) 186 Flankingdevice. SeeSpacing device. Flowerpot 167 Food, vessels for serving 6, 142-168 Foot, types of 16 Foot askos. SeeAskos, plastic. Footballdecoration. SeeCup, net-pattern. Function, classificationof vessels by 5-7 Funeraryritual 204, 212 Funnel 167 GABBARI(EGYPT) 90

Gaudy Amphora Group 72, 78, 79-80, 123 Gela 32 Geometric motifs 47, 63-68 Geometric period, pottery of 65 Gialova (Messenia) 5679 Gilding, in Kerch style 40; on reserved areas 38, 189, 201; on silver vessels 12, 40, 124 Glass vessels 12, 109, 206. SeealsoGold glass. Glaze of Attic pottery 10-11; contrastingred and black 11, 162, 163; red 43-44, 123, 154, 157, 169, 192, 193, 195, 206. SeealsoSemiglazing. Glossy slip ware 230-231, 396 Gnathia ware 7, 13, 39, 41, 120, 121, 221, 406 Golas (Sinopean fabricant) 471 Gold-decorated pottery 12, 40, 41-42, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 59, 62, 63, 85, 87, 88, 95, 99, 126, 127, 136, 188, 204, 205 Goldglass 109, 113, 114 Gordion 74, 181 9, 235 Gouged decoration 235

INDEX I: GENERAL INDEX Gourd, inspiration of pottery by 184 Grace, V. R. 28, 431 Graffito 54, 55, 168, 191. SeealsoInscriptionIndex. Grain, offerings of 208 Grammatika ekpomata68-70, 102, 105 Grave goods 23, 40, 58, 60, 61, 124, 176; pottery as 29-31, 136, 170, 177-178, 180, 183, 1895, 191, 196, 198, 200, 207, 208, 210, 211, 212-213, 225, 227 Grave stelai depicting woman in dress of Isis 57, 135, 194, 195, 196 Gray wares 7, 12, 32, 139, 155, 177, 221, 222, 223, 232-236, 399-406. SeealsoUnguentarium, silver. Great Drain 35 Greek Archaeological Service 33 Green-glazed ware, Mesopotamian 7, 222, 427 Griffin 5679 Groove, types of on body 16 Grooving, vertical. SeeRibbing. Group A (G 13:4). SeeDeposit Index. Group B (H 16:3). SeeDeposit Index. Group C (G 6:2). SeeDeposit Index. Group D (H 16:4). SeeDeposit Index. Group E (F 15:2). SeeDeposit Index. Group F (N 19:1, upper fill). SeeDeposit Index. Group G (D 4:1). SeeDeposit Index. Guarducci, M. 55 Guttus, Attic 6, 32, 38, 45, 68, 74, 79, 172-175, 352354; imported 410.

C. 26 HABICHT, Hadra cemetery 166, 224 Hadra hydria 30, 221, 223-224, 231, 389-390 Hadrian 21; villa of 136 Halai 35126

Hand, West Slope vessels painted by same 9,50, 51,54, 72-79, 96-97, 100, 101, 102, 107, 110, 123, 130 Hand-built vessels 216 Handle, types of 17; double 13, 89, 90, 91, 123, 129, 130, 132, 133, 183, 229; double grooved 127, 228, 229; rope 120, 122, 123, 125, 139, 228, 229 Handle attachments 17. SeealsoHandle plate; Rotelle; Spur on handle; Thumb rest. Handle plate, rectangular 17, 62, 68, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107 Hausmann'sWorkshop 116, 117 Hayes,J. W. 3, 221,229, 233 Hedgehog Well (O 18:2). SeeDeposit Index. Heimberg, U. 98 Helioupolis 3193 Hemlock 198 Herakleides (potter) 186. SeealsoInscription Index. Herakles, knot of. SeeKnot of Herakles. Herculaneum 195 Hermes 68, 101. SeealsoInscription Index. Hermon (Knidian eponym) 433, 445, 449, 470

559

Hermophantos (Knidian duovir)443 Hieron I (Rhodian eponym) 466, 469 Hippocamp Painter 30, 224 Holloway's Ointment 1984 Homeric bowl 116 Hot-water bottle 185 Household ware 3, 4,5, 14, 20, 29, 125, 127, 131, 132, 136, 167, 216, 226 Howland, R. H. 20, 22-23 Howland Types 433; Type 25 B/B' 22; Type 25 C' 22-23; Type 27 C 24; Type 29 A 46. Seealso Appendix III. Hydria 42, 186; silver 40. SeealsoHadra hydria. Hygieia 69

IASON(KNIDIANDUOVIR) 441

Ibis 195 Imitation Knidian Cup. SeeCup, Imitation Knidian. Imitation Palestinian Cup. See Cup, Imitation Palestinian. Imported pottery, as inspiration for Attic potters 11, 13-14, 37, 43, 98, 117-118, 119, 127, 154-155, 161, 164, 172, 191, 200, 234; at the Agora 5, 7, 13-14, 56, 115, 154, 155, 167, 170, 171, 172, 175, 183, 198, 199, 202, 210, 221-236, 390-427; in Athens 12, 177 Imports, criteria for identification of 119, 221; possible 94, 105, 110, 122, 130, 131, 161, 171, 172, 182, 186-187, 202 Incense 210 Incense burner. SeeThymiaterion. Incised Wave Group 10, 52, 53, 54, 78, 104, 105 Incision in West Slope pottery 10, 40, 43, 44, 46, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 59, 64, 66, 68, 70, 78, 101, 102, 104, 105, 113, 114, 122, 123, 128, 130, 174, 178, 180, 185, 202 Infants, disposal of 183 Infusion, preparation of 181 Ink 199,200 Inkwell,Attic 46, 199-200, 370-372; imported 424 Invalid, vessel for feeding 181 Inventoriesof temples 58, 62, 69, 206, 209, 210 Ionia, pottery of 232, 233, 235, 417. See also Cup, Knidian; Ephesos; Knidos; Miletos; Platter,Ionian. Isis 53, 57, 61, 62, 135, 194-196, 202-203 Israel, pottery of 225 Italian pottery 5, 16, 31, 40, 69, 88, 91, 112, 120, 134, 136, 146, 164, 175, 205, 236; found at the Agora 13, 154, 155, 175, 221, 236, 403, 406-407, 410, 413414, 416, 425 ; influence of on Attic pottery 11, 1314, 37, 41, 91, 121, 154-155, 161, 164, 200. See alsoCampana wares; Gnathia ware; Malacena ware; Taranto;Thin-walled wares. Ithaca 40 Ivory vessels as prototypes for pottery 13, 191

INDEX I: GENERAL INDEX

560 JEWELRY

27, 40, 58-61,

69, 89; vessels for storing 7,

188, 191 Jordan, D. R. 26 Jug 12, 13, 14, 15, 21, 32, 116, 124, 129, 171 Biconical 12, 129-130, 131, 297; bronze 129 Household ware 26-27, 27, 29, 125, 126, 132 Imported 115, 225, 230, 231, 395, 396, 412, 416, 422, 425-426 Moldmade, Attic 130, 131, 140, 297-298, 307-308; imported 425-426 Round-mouth 6, 124, 132, 299 Silver 131 Small With glazed interior 131-132, 298-299 With wide mouth, Attic 46, 129, 130-131, 140, 297-298; imported 416, 425-426 round mouth, Attic 6, 12, 124, 129, 130, 131, Juglet, 132-133, 134, 299-301; imported 235, 401 KABEIRIC CUP

13, 97-98, 99, 103, 104, 105

Kabirion 13,97,98 Kafizin, Shrine of the Nymph at 227 Kahil, L. 55 Kallikrates(Rhodian eponym) 470 KallikratidasI (Rhodian eponym) 436 KallikratidasII (Rhodian eponym) 461 Kalymnos 73 Kantharos Classical, Attic 5, 17, 19, 20, 23, 24, 25, 27, 30, 32, 33, 37, 42, 45, 48, 50, 52, 74, 83-85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 94, 95, 96, 100, 101, 103, 105, 106, 242-247; Attic miniature 203, 375-376; imported 410, 415 Group of Vatican G 116 8, 13, 91, 254 Hellenistic Attic 13, 17, 30, 47, 49, 50, 52, 53, 54, 59, 62, 67, 68, 84, 95, 173, 199, 202, 236, 373; imported 236, 400, 410, 415. See also Kantharos, Hellenistic: Angular; Baggy; Molded rim; Straight wall. Angular 27, 45, 48, 49, 54, 65, 69, 73, 74, 75, 77, 78, 85, 97, 99, 100-103, 104,105,261-266 Baggy, Attic 10, 45, 52, 53, 54-56, 64, 65, 67, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 94, 97, 99, 102, 103-105, 107, 122, 202, 203, 266-271; Attic miniature 46, 203, 376; imported 411. Molded rim 45, 48, 49, 64, 77, 97, 105-107, 202, 271-275 Moldmade 43, 48, 130, 307. SeealsoCup, moldmade, footed. Straight wall 48, 97-100, 102, 103, 260-261 Knotted handles 89-90, 91, 251-252 Lidded 3 Rotelle handles 90, 252 Special handles 42, 45, 64, 73, 83, 89-91, 93, 251254. SeealsoKantharos: Group of Vatican G 116;

Knotted handles; Rotelle handles; Strap handles and turned foot. Strap handles and turned foot 13, 48, 90-91, 93, 95, 103, 252-253 Thorn 3087,56 Karchesion 88 Kassandreia 19 Kassel 202 Kastor (Rhodian fabricant) 444 Kausia 115 Kea 31 Kenrick, P. 234 Kerameikos 34-35, 39, 61, 83, 204, 212-213, 214. Seealso Building Z; Dipylon Gate; Dipylon Well B1; Eridanos cemetery Keras 205 Kerch 40,59,61, 124 Kerch style 40, 42, 59 Kernos 3,5, 206,211,212 Kiln 43, 44 Kiln furniture 76 Kleandridas(Knidian eponym) 469 Kleiner, F.S. 431 Kleiner, G. 29 Klepsydra 35 Kleumbrotos (Knidian eponym) 469 Kleupolis (Knidian eponym) 439 Knidian gray ware 233-234. SeealsoCup, Knidian. Knidian lamps 222, 234, 235 Knidian types (KT) 432 Knidos 222, 234, 235 Knob, floral 202, 374 Knobs flanking handle attachments 12, 65, 67, 120, 121, 125, 127, 179 Knossos, Hellenistic pottery of 30, 224; pottery found at 234 Knot of Herakles 89. SeealsoKantharos, knotted handles. Kolonos Agoraios 4, 35, 196, 207, 209 Komos Cistern (M 21:1). SeeDeposit Index. Kopcke, G. 40, 42, 46 Koroni 4, 10, 18, 23, 24, 25, 27, 30, 319 3131-32,33, 84, 87, 8816, 91, 94, 97, 126, 129, 150, 166, 172, 173 Kos 186 Kothon 184; miniature 209, 210, 381 Kottabos 15 Krater 6, 14-15, 67, 131, 135, 167, 168, 202, 374 Bell 33, 41, 136, 303 Bolster 12, 46, 51, 63, 76, 77, 96, 115, 117, 136137, 138, 139, 203, 303-304, 305; miniature 46, 64, 376 Calyx 42, 136, 303; miniature 203, 376 Imported 222, 225, 232, 235, 401-402, 404-405, 406, 412-413, 416-417 Lug-handled 10, 14, 38, 136, 137-139, 304-305; miniature 46, 203, 376

INDEX I: GENERAL INDEX Metal 14, 136 Miniature 230, 395 Moldmade 6, 46, 47, 50, 51, 76, 123, 137, 139, 140, 305-307 Krateriskos 107, 209, 380 Kratidas (Rhodian eponym) 460 Kroll,J. 23,431 LACHARES 24, 27 Lagobolon 115 Lagynos, Attic 127, 296; imported 12, 61, 105, 127, 221, 224, 225, 226-229, 230-231, 236, 390-394, 396-397, 401, 410, 412, 416; moldmade 230, 395 Lagynos, transport 226, 231 Lagynos ware 223, 225-230, 231, 235, 390-395 Lamp filler 7, 169, 181 Lamps 20, 21, 38, 213, 214, 221, 222, 234, 235, 236, 432, 433. SeealsoHowland Types. Lang, M. 55, 138 Large Leaf/Gaudy Amphora Workshop 78-79 Large Leaf Groups 43, 44, 48, 63, 66, 68, 72, 78-79, 123, 127, 135, 174, 190, 193, 194 Larisa 235 Lauter-Bufe,H. 31, 32 Lawcourts 38, 138 Lead, vessels made of 198; white, as cosmetic 198 Leather vessels, as prototypes for pottery 13, 184, 185 Lebes 42, 140 Lekane, household-ware 167 Lekanis Handleless 12, 192, 195, 196, 364; miniature votive 210 Pyre 201, 213, 214, 383-384. SeealsoLid. Lekythos Attic 6, 12, 129, 169-171, 349-351; imported 236, 403, 410, 421 Red-figured or red-patternedpottery 121, 176, 177 Leon (Knidian eponym) 447 Levant, pottery found in 118, 184, 233 Libation 112, 135, 204, 209, 212, 213 Lid AmphoraofPanathenaic shape 42,48,200-201, 372 Attic 46, 106, 200-201, 216, 372; imported 230, 231, 232, 235, 394, 395, 397, 398, 404, 410, 414, 422, 425 Lekanis 76, 197, 201, 202, 370 Moldmade 232, 398 Pyre vessels 214, 216, 217 Pyxis 38, 42, 44, 45, 49, 50, 68, 71, 73, 75, 76, 78, 79, 188-191, 201 Reversible 12, 43, 44, 45, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 57, 61, 63, 65, 66, 67, 68, 72, 76, 77, 78, 79, 123, 135, 174, 192-197, 365-370 Thymiaterion 201, 211, 212 Lime wash as coating of pottery 231 Lion-paw support 190, 363

561

Lion-skinhelmet 115, 137, 203 Lissarrague,E 14 London 73 Lopadion 3, 213, 215, 216, 387-388 Loutrophoros 42, 204, 377 Lullies, R. 184 Lykion 198 Lysimachosof Thrace 25 MACEDONIA25; early Hellenistic art of 55-56; metal-

ware of 91, 111; pottery found in 177; pottery of 12, 124, 168, 170, 190, 200, 222 Macedonians, Athens besieged by 26; Athens controlled by 117; Peiraieusgarrisoned by 32; uprising against 24 Magic 58 Malacena ware 91 Mannheim 85 Manufacture,technique of 5, 6, 7, 185 Marriage 58, 204 Mastos. SeeCup, Parabolic. McPhee, I. 41 Meals, sacred 209, 213 Measure, vessel used as 125, 126, 128, 132, 133, 168, 226 Medallion 12, 51, 65, 67, 112, 113, 114, 139, 153. See alsoEmblem. Medeon 180 Medicine 169, 175 Medicine bottle, Attic 3, 198,370; imported 221,423424 Medusa 111 Mekyberna 19 Memphis 112 Menekrates(Knidian eponym) 434, 438 Menon's Cistern (F 16:8). SeeDeposit Index. Mesopotamia, pottery of. SeeGreen-glazed ware. Metalware 14, 110, 111, 135, 136, 146, 209, 210; as prototype for pottery 11, 12, 13, 40-41, 62, 69, 88, 91, 93, 96, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 116, 120, 124, 129, 131, 134, 136, 139, 178, 179, 190, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206; Persian 12, 91, 112, 205, 206 Metaponto 56 Methodology 8-10 Metroon 207 Metropolitan Museum, New York 175 Metzger, I. 33, 181 Mica, in fabric descriptions 241 Micaceous waterjar 21 Middle Stoa Building Fill (H-K 12-14). See Deposit Index. Mikro Kavouri 3193, 33 Miletos 118 Milk, libations of 135, 195 Miltos 127, 139, 148, 173

562

INDEX I: GENERAL INDEX

Miniature vessels 7, 15, 46, 64, 125, 126, 135, 203, 206, 207, 208-210, 213, 215-216, 221, 224, 229, 230, 232, 375-377, 390, 391,395, 398, 414 Mirror 191 MithridatesVI 34 M Monogram Class 28, 29 Moevs, M. T.M. 221 Mold, vessels made in worn 28, 34, 115, 120, 122, 123, 124, 130, 141 Mold brothers 78, 115, 117, 123, 137, 206 Moldmade bowl 3, 4, 5, 10, 11, 12, 27, 28-29, 3334, 38, 46, 51, 53, 56, 72, 76, 77, 78, 89, 101, 102, 104, 105, 107, 108, 109, 112, 113, 116, 121, 123, 125, 203, 206, 221, 222, 223, 234, 431; faience 427; figured 123, 139; floral 123, 130; imbricate 130; long-petal 34, 43, 78, 105, 117, 123, 133, 139, 140, 141, 183; lotus-corolla 396, 51, 141, 222; pinecone 108, 130, 139. SeealsoHomeric bowl. Moldmade foot. See Cup, moldmade feet; Lion-paw support. Moldmade vessels 4, 7, 21, 140-141, 235, 306-308, 404-405, 425-426. See also Amphora, moldmade; Askos, plastic; Cup, moldmade; Filterjug, moldmade; Jug, moldmade; Kantharos, Hellenistic: moldmade; Krater, moldmade; Lagynos, moldmade; Lid, moldmade; Plastic vessel; Rhyton. Molds 72, 76, 78, 83, 85, 123, 174, 223, 235 Moore, M. 3 Morel,J.-P. 5, 154 Moreno, P. 55 Mormis (Knidian fabricant) 466 Mosaic 52, 136, 235 Mottled Oliver 43-46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 66, 67,68,72,78,79, 141,193-196 motto 21 Mug 45, 91; Mystes (Knidian duouir)441 Mytion (Rhodian eponym) 435 NAPLES 221

National Archaeological Museum, Athens 184, 186 Naukratisware 112 Nebris 54, 115 Net pattern 200. SeealsoCup, net-pattern. Nikodemos (Thasian fabricant) 469 Northwest Greece 222 OAK GARLAND 40

Official use of vessel 38, 138, 158 Oil 175-176, 179; vessels for 6, 169-178, 179, 181, 202 Oinochoe 202 Faience 57, 222 Imported 221,406, 410, 412, 414, 416 Miniature 46, 376, 414 Shape 3 (chous) 8, 14, 39-40, 45, 48, 59, 68, 79, 124, 125-127, 132, 202, 293-296, 374; miniature 125

West Slope shape 12, 14, 46, 65, 74, 75, 76, 77, 121, 124-125, 126, 292-293; silver 40, 124 Oinophorosjug 21 Ointment, container for 191. SeealsoMedicine bottle. Olbia 118,223 Oliver,J. 43 Olpe 14, 32, 128-129, 296-297 Olympia 199 Olynthos 10, 18-20, 22, 23, 83, 84, 86, 92, 172, 199, 211, 223 Omphale 69 One-handler 6, 155-156, 329 Order of catalogue 5-7 Osiris 194 Ovolo (stamped),on pyxis lid 38, 188; on gray-warerims 235 Owl (stamped) 37, 158 Owl-left coin 23, 24, 26 41 PAEsTUM Pagenstecher,R. 111 Paint, on reserved areas 201 Painter. SeeHand. Paint pot, use of vessel as 133, 158, 215 Palmette (stamped) 37, 76, 119, 142, 143, 157, 158, 162, 164, 165 Panopeus 22 Paphos, pottery found at 229, 236 Pared body. SeeTrimming. Patroklos(Ptolemaic commander) 31 PatroklosIsland 31, 3193 Patsiada,V 222 Pausanias(Rhodian fabricant) 465, 467 Peignard,A. 79 Peiraieus 32, 39, 196; walls of 26 PeiraieusCistern 33-34 PeiraieusGate 34 Peisistratos(Rhodian eponym) 466 Pelike 42, 186 Pelinna (Thessaly) 59 Pella 73 Pellets. SeeKnobs. PeloponnesianWar 213 Perfume 169, 175-176; vessels for 6, 169, 171, 175178, 181, 184 Pergamene applique ware 116, 117, 221, 222, 235236, 408 Pergamene sigillata 222, 235, 409 Pergamene West Slope 434?, 138, 222, 409-410, 411, 411-412, 412, 413, 414 Pergamon 18, 223, 235; Altar of Zeus at 227; pottery found at 186, 225, 227, 232, 234 Period-of-use(POU) fill 25, 26-27, 29, 135, 433 Persephone, rape of 56 Phiale 54, 91, 115, 117, 204, 206

INDEX I: GENERAL INDEX Philias 57, 68, 69, 88, 101, 102. See also Inscription Index. Philip II of Macedon 23; destruction of Olynthos by 18, 20. SeealsoThasos. Philip III Arrhidaios 23 Philippos (Knidian eponym) 462 Philombrotidas(Knidian eponym) 434 Philon (potter) 186; (Sinopean astynomos)471 Philonidas Si( (Thasian fabricant) 467 Philopappos Hill 206 Philophron (Knidian eponym) 469 Picard, C. 55, 69 Pierced rim, for hanging 153, 167 Pilgrim flask. SeeCanteen. Pisinos (Knidian eponym) 439 Pitane 225 Pitcher 6, 14, 15, 202; gray ware 235, 401; thin neck 46, 51, 128, 296. See also Filter jug, Jug, Lagynos; Oinochoe; Olpe. Plakettenvase 7, 407 Plastic attachments 120, 121, 122, 123, 128, 136, 137, 202-203. SeealsoApplique; Emblem; Handle attachments; Handle plate; Knob; Rotelle; Thumb rest. See alsoMotif Index, motifs on moldmade relief ware. Plasticvessel 116, 175, 203, 204, 235, 405, 426. Seealso Askos, plastic; Rhyton. Plate 11, 13,23 Compartment 155, 328 Concave rim 152, 213, 324-325 Decorated (small) 45, 63, 67, 76, 77, 109, 152-153, 325-326 Eastern Sigillata A 12, 13, 154, 194, 222 Imported 221, 222, 235, 402, 403, 406-407, 409, 413, 417, 418-419, 427 Lagynos ware 225 Offset rim, Attic 13, 37, 153, 154, 155, 161, 327328; imported 235, 402, 406, 418 Ribbon handled 213, 214-215, 384-385 Rilled rim 24, 27, 38, 63, 145, 149, 151-152, 152153, 213, 321-324 Rolled-rim, Attic 10, 15, 17, 24, 3191, 32, 37, 142145, 148, 149, 153, 309-315; imported 417 Thickened edge 37, 74, 142, 308-309 Upturned rim, Attic 13, 37, 154-155, 161, 328; imported 235, 402, 406-407 West Slope (large) 45, 48, 50, 51, 62, 66, 67, 77, 153, 326-327 Platter. SeePlate, West Slope (large) Platter,Ionian 222, 233, 399 Pleistarchos(Macedonian commander) 26 Plinthine 118 Plutarch 98, 194, 195 Pnyx 4,20-23, 24, 88, 206 Poliouches (Knidian eponym) 458, 471 Pollitt,J. J . 3, 15 Polyandrion of Thespiai 184

563

Polychares(Knidian eponym) 455, 470 Polychromedecoration on white ground 224, 225, 230, 231-232, 397-398, 425 Polychromerelief ware 40, 59, 62, 232 Polygonal decoration. SeeCup, net-pattern. Pompeii, wall painting at 54-55, 56, 194 Pompeion 35 Poros Building 35, 198, 236 Porosity 169, 176 Porticelloshipwreck 199 Porto Raphti 32 Post-Sullanassemblage 12, 44, 48, 59, 64, 72, 78, 133, 141, 150, 160, 193; cleanup deposits 10, 49, 132, 133, 134, 141,145, 150, 152, 154, 160, 193, 227 Potter, multiple vessels made by single 95, 96, 96-97, 101, 150, 182; vessels made by inexperienced 105, 119 Potters,immigration of 13, 98-99, 186 POU. SeePeriod-of-usefill. Pouring,vessels for 6, 14, 41, 124-134, 169-187, 204206, 226-229 Prexipolis(Thasian fabricant) 469 Proportionsas basis for dating 9 Protogeometricperiod, pottery of 65, 184 Ptolemaia 206 Ptolemaic forces in Attica 4, 31-32, 33 Ptolemies, relations of with Athens 57, 63, 117; ruler cult of 57, 116, 117,222 Ptolemy I 25,29 Ptolemy I (or II), portrait of on emblem 9, 73, 112, 115-116, 117 Ptolemy II 25, 31, 57, 117 Ptolemy Group 50, 73-74, 108, 112, 114 Pyre, ritual 4, 15, 92, 102, 103, 105, 131, 132, 151, 197, 204, 207, 208, 212-217, 431 Pythion III (Thasian fabricant) 469 Pythion IV (Thasian fabricant) 469 Pyxis 201 Imported 191, 225, 230, 231, 232, 235, 394-395, 397-398, 404, 414, 422 Type A 422 Type B 38, 42, 44, 45, 49, 50, 62, 63, 67, 68, 73, 75, 76, 78, 79, 89, 188-190, 192, 193, 201, 360-363, 373 Type C 191, 230, 231,363 Type D 8, 13, 191, 363-364 With moldmade feet 190, 363 RED

FIGURE

3, 20, 22, 30, 33, 38, 40, 58, 62, 65,

121, 135, 146, 179, 180, 191, 204, 205. See also Kerch style. Red-patterned pottery 179, 355-356 Red wares 222, 408-410; Roman 21, 233. See also Eastern Sigillata A; Cypriot Sigillata;Mottled Oliver; Pergamene Sigillata. Resting surface, treatment of 16

564

INDEX I: GENERAL INDEX

Revision of early Hellenistic chronology 4, 31, 94, 126, 140, 181,213 Rhodes 28,74, 75, 111, 186 Rhombos. SeeIunx. Rhyton 12, 204-206, 377-378; silver 205, 206 Ribbing, horizontal 92, 111; vertical 83, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 107, 111, 120, 126, 136 Rice, E. E. 57 Rim, types of 17 Ring vase 7, 183, 210, 358, 381 Rippling 17, 150 Ritual 212; vessels used in service of 6, 7, 12, 15-16, 57, 97, 116, 117, 131, 135, 176, 195-196, 203, 204217, 222. SeealsoFunerary ritual;Libation. Rivet, metal, imitation of. SeeKnobs. Robinson, D. M. 18, 19 Robinson, H. S. 3, 154, 221, 233. See also Group F, Group G. Roman contexts 119, 133, 141, 228, 234. See also Group F, Group G. Roman period, pottery of 3,20-21, 116, 131, 182, 199, 228, 231, 233; survivalof shapes into 127, 134, 169, 170, 191, 192, 199, 234 Roof tiles 33 Rose,M. 19 Rotelle 17, 67, 90, 103, 104, 235 Rouletting 37, 38, 109, 112, 119, 142, 143, 144, 145, 151, 153, 154, 155, 157, 158, 160, 162, 163, 164, 173, 194,233, 235 Roux, G. 25 Royal Stoa 35 SACRED GATE23, 34, 35 Salt 15, 167 Saltcellar 15, 158 Concave wall, Attic 165-166, 200, 346; imported 420 Footed, Attic 161, 167, 199, 347-348; imported 420-421 Spool 45, 201, 166, 346-347 Samos 73, 110, 225, 234, 235 Samothrace 25 Sanctuary. SeeShrine. Satyr 97. SeealsoMotif Index. Satyr Cistern (N 21:4). SeeDeposit Index. Saucer Projecting rim, Attic 5, 10, 15, 38, 143, 149-150, 318-321; imported 418 Pyre 213, 215, 385-386 Schafer,J. 225 Schliemann, H. 22 Schlorb-Vierneisel, B. 177, 178 Scissors 191 Scythia 205 Seal impression 37, 143 Seasoning 147, 155, 167, 179. SeealsoSalt.

Semiglazing 11-12, 145, 150, 155, 157, 159-160, 162, 163, 168 Serapis 57, 196 Serce Limam 118 Shapes not represented at Agora 3 Shark Group 54, 77-78, 100, 108, 114, 121 Shell dipper. SeeDipper, shell. Shrine/sanctuary 25, 55, 59, 97, 195, 196, 204, 206, 207, 209, 210, 211, 227 Sicily,pottery of 41, 236. SeealsoCenturipe ware. Sigillata. SeeCypriot Sigillata; Eastern Sigillata A; Pergamene Sigillata. Silver vessels 12, 40-41, 62, 88, 89, 91, 93, 96, 109, 110, 111, 114, 124, 131, 134, 135, 146, 178, 190, 202, 203, 205, 206, 209. Sistrum 61-62, 135, 194, 195. SeealsoMotif Index. Situla, Attic 46, 63, 66, 79, 124, 134-135, 195, 302303, Attic miniature 46, 135, 203, 376; imported 416; metal 124, 134, 135 Six's technique 39 Size, changes of in vessels 14-15, 126, 130; comparison between vessels of different 9, 105 Skyphos 97, 206, 207. SeealsoKabeiric cup. Attic type 40, 84, 94, 95, 257-258; votive 94, 207, 208, 378-379 Corinthian type 3, 19, 45, 48, 50, 51, 52, 67, 73, 74, 75, 90, 94, 95, 96, 258; votive 297, 208, 379 Imported 221, 400, 410 Pergamene applique 222, 407. Slane, K. W. 231 Sling bullets 3193, 33,35 Slip 225, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 235 Snow, for cooling wine 18119 Sochares (Rhodian eponym) 440 Sokrates(Knidian eponym) 459 Sosimachos (Knidian eponym) 469 Sostratos (Rhodian eponym) 437 Sounion 31 South Stoa II Building Fill (1-0:15:1, M-N 15:1). See Deposit Index. Southwest Fountain House 35, 43, 196 Spacing device 47, 50, 51, 52, 53, 65 Spain 225 Sparkes,B. A. 15, 19, 20, 37, 89, 90, 92, 95, 125, 128, 140, 142, 147, 162, 171, 172, 173, 177, 181, 193, 215 Spoon 134 Spur, on handle 17, 83, 84, 85, 90, 97, 99, 100, 104, 106, 107 Square Peristyle. See Deposit Index under O-R 7-10, Q8-9, Q 10:1. Stacking circle 11, 148, 154, 157 Stamp, as guarantee of capacity 38, 138; multiple vessels with same 9, 72, 76, 97, 157, 433 Stamped amphora handles 21, 22, 28, 29, 33, 34, 35, 431, 432. SeealsoAmphora, transport.

565

INDEX I: GENERAL INDEX Stamps, on Attic pottery 5, 9, 11, 37-38, 118, 119, 138, 142, 143, 144, 145, 149, 151, 157, 158, 161, 162, 164, 165, 189, 201; on non-Attic pottery 57, 194, 222, 233, 235; on lead containers 198 Stamps of makers, Attic 38, 149, 186; non-Attic 225 Stand 201,372-373, 377 Stoa of Attalos Building Fill (P-R 6-12). See Deposit Index. Stoa of Attalos, fills under 4; museum 4, 8 Stoa Poikile 109 Stopper 185 Strainer 155; in top of vessel 174, 175, 180-182 String marks 198, 209, 214, 215, 216 Submycenaean period 26, 27 Sulla, destruction of city by 10, 12, 18, 34-35, 47, 127, 196 Sullan destruction debris 10, 18, 34-36, 44, 66, 113, 118, 122, 129, 134, 141, 145, 148, 150, 152, 154, 155, 156, 159, 160, 164, 168, 175, 182, 183, 186, 190, 193, 227, 228, 230, 231. See also Post-Sullan assemblage, cleanup deposits. Symposium 6, 14-15, 41, 124, 131, 135, 138, 210, 226 Syria 223 TALcorr, L. 15, 37, 89, 90, 92, 95, 125, 128, 140, 142, 147, 162, 171, 172, 177, 193, 215 Tanagra figurines. SeeFigurines. Taranto 41, 121; rhyta of 205 Tarsus 118,227,234 Teano 136 Telekreon (Knidian eponym) 437 Telephanes (Thasian eponym) 471 Terminology 8, 16-17, 383, 39, 831, 97, 109107, 149, 16153,21456, 226, 240-241 Thasos, conquest of by Philip II 2223 Thebes, destroyed by Alexander the Great 13, 98. See alsoKabirion. Theognis (potter) 38, 149 Thespiai, Polyandrionof 184 Thin-walled wares 129, 221, 425 Tholos 35; debris connected with damage to (F 11:2, F 12:3, G 11:4). SeeDeposit Index. Thompson, D. B. 29 Thompson, H. A. 4, 20, 21, 39, 41, 65, 97, 98. Seealso Groups A-E. Thrace, metalware found in 205 Thumb print, at base of handle 229 Thumb rest 17, 90, 93, 95, 96, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105,106, 107,202-203 Thymiaterion, Attic 206, 210-212, 382-383; imported 225, 232, 398, 399; metal 62, 63, 210 Thymiaterion, lid of 201, 372-373 Thyrsos 115 Timasikrates(Knidian eponym) 438 Timodikos (Rhodian eponym) 463

Tinos (Turkey) 118 Toilet articles 191 Toilet vessels 7, 188-197 Tongs 191 Tortoiseshell, decoration imitating. See Cup, netpattern; Net pattern. Totenmahl relief 206, 210 Toukh el-Garmous 206 Toys 7,203 Trade 7, 121, 187, 223, 225, 234. Seealso Export, of Attic pottery. Trimming 16, 148, 164, 216 Troy 22; region of 232 Tiibingen 74 Typology 7-8 UNDERSIDE, TREATMENT OF

16

Unglazed interior,cups with 74, 75, 88, 103, 108 Unguentarium, Attic fine ware 6,45,67, 169, 175-178, 354-355; coarse 3, 27, 32, 34, 176, 177, 178, 183, 191, 212, 431; imported 221, 229, 413-414; silver 178 Urn, cinerary. SeeHadra hydria. E. 198 VANDERPOOL,

Varbitza(Bulgaria) 40 Variant, definition of term 8 Vari House 33, 97, 150, 166 Varoucha-Christodoulopoulou,I. 33 Vatican 194. See also Kantharos, Group of Vatican G 116. Vergina 23, 41, 55-56 Vickers, M. 41 Vinegar 6, 179 Votive vessels 3, 7, 15-16, 99, 103, 105, 132, 151, 176, 197, 203, 204-217, 378-389 Voula 3193 WAAG, F. 3

Walker,A. 431 Water,in cult ofIsis 135, 195, 196;vesselsfor 7, 26-27, 124, 125, 134, 135, 138, 181, 185, 195, 204 Watzinger,C. 38-39, 98 Weight notation 168, 191 Western Mediterranean 233 Westholm, A. 228 White, as identifying markerof West Slope 42-43 White-groundwares 105, 127, 191, 211,212, 221,224, 225-232, 390-399 Wine, drinkingof. SeeSymposium. Wine, vessels for serving 6, 14-15, 120-141, 174, 181, 226-229 Women 57, 58, 135; vessels used by 7, 188, 191 Wooden vessels, as prototypes for pottery 13, 191

566

INDEX I: GENERAL INDEX

Workshop 7, 72-79, 86; pots from a single 38, 52, 86, 87, 88, 90, 93, 96, 100, 103, 104, 108, 110, 125, 129, 148, 150, 194. See also Bracket Leaf Group; Dikeras Group; Edwards Group; Gaudy Amphora Group; Hausmann'sWorkshop;Incised Wave Group; Large Leaf Groups; Ptolemy Group; Shark Group; WorkshopA; Workshopof Bion. WorkshopA 10, 56, 72, 123, 130, 139, 141 Workshopdebris 72-73, 74, 76, 78, 105, 110, 144, 150, 201,204, 206, 208, 211, 217, 433

Workshopof Bion 72, 76, 77, 122, 123, 130, 139 Wreath, placed around vessel at symposium 41 XENARETOS (RHODIANEPONYM)436

Xenophon (Rhodian eponym) 464 Xenostratos (Rhodian eponym) 438, 465

ZEUSSOTER 68, 69

II MOTIF INDEX PAINTED MOTIFS BLACK-PATTERNED POTTERY Ivy 142,625-627 Ovolo 1335 LIGHT-GROUND WARES Asterisk 1534 Aulos 1534? Basket 1534? Bead and reel 229, 230, 231, 1517, 1534, 1559 Bird 1500 Bow 1500, 1502-1507, 1511, 1518-1521, 15341536 Dolphin 1500 Dot rosette 1511, 1535, 1537 Dots 1522, 1533 Drapery 1501 Garland 224. Se alsoIvy garland. Herringbone 1500,1510 Human figure 202, 1352 Ivy garland 229, 230, 1509?, 1537 Krater 229, 1504 Lantern 229, 230,1505, 1534 Lattice 230,1535 Lotus bud 1500 Lotus corolla 229, 230, 1512, 1513, 1515, 1535, 1537-1539, 1568 Necklace, spearhead 230, 1534 Olive garland 1500 Palmette 230, 1501, 1534 Rays 229, 1508, 1514, 1522 Spearhead necklace. SeeNecklace, spearhead. Syrinx 229, 230, 1504, 1521, 1534? Swag 224, 229, 230, 1502, 1503?, 1507, 1511, 1518, 1520, 1535, 1536 Tendrils 1516? Thymiaterion 1505 Tongue 231, 1500, 1559, 1560 Tripod 1500 Wreath 202, 224, 229, 230, 1352, 1503?, 1504-1506, 1521, 1524 RED-PATTERNED POTTERY Laurel 179, 1173-1175

Running spiral 179, 1175 Tongue 179, 1173, 1174 UNGLAZED POTTERY Ivy 132,527 WEST SLOPE Agyias Pillar 55,271 Altar 54, 55, 271 Amphora, Panathenaic 44, 61, 71, 1301 Amulet. See Necklace, charm. Artemis 54-56, 271 Asterisk 44, 45, 65, 67, 71, 114, 179, 193, 256, 343, 346,350,352,358,359,362,368,371,372,419, 421,433,436,464,607, 608,826,834, 836, 1181, 1236,1237,1268,1269,1275,1278,1279,1284, 1690 1286,1288,1289,1295,1684, Bar (charm on necklace) 61, 73, 106, 109, 120, 134, 135,172,189,311,470 Bead and reel 44, 63, 66, 70, 135, 136, 137, 153, 179, 193, 194, 195, 350, 451,452, 515, 572?, 573, 574, 586, 828, 1237, 1279, 1280, 1284, 1285, 1288, 1290,1291,1292,1294,1295,1298,1301,1302, 1305,1680,1686,1689 Bird 44, 53, 71,194-195, 1295 Boar 55,271 Boukranion 42, 46, 5679,1672, 1683 Branch 44, 46, 50, 51, 52, 53, 70, 71, 78, 85, 95, 105, 114, 153, 34, 195, 196, 198, 202, 205, 215, 216, 234-236, 265,275,306,309,370,602,821,822, 830,1148,1215?, 1295? Bunch of grapes. See Grapes; Grapevine. Butterfly 64, 70, 1365 Charm. See Bar; Circles; Crescent; Dolphin; Double axe; Iunx,Jar;Leaf; Necklace, charm Checkerboard 52, 56, 64, 65, 69, 70, 91, 92, 104, 105, 107, 108, 114, 119, 121, 123, 125, 137, 174, 178, 179, 202, 123, 124, 233, 238, 251, 253, 255, 256, 274,306-310, 317,353,405,417-425,427-444, 459, 465, 515, 519, 580, 586, 835, 1153, 1171, 1172,1350 Circle, quartered 53, 66, 71,435 Circles, three (charm on necklace) 61, 46, 73, 172, 188?, 311?, 1266

568

INDEX II: MOTIF INDEX

Comb (charm on necklace) 61 Cornucopia, double 46, 52, 56-57, 63, 70, 88, 96, 97, 77, 336, 410, 411, 413, 421, 465, 1269, 1308; single 57, 70,162,167, 195, 216, 1220 Crescent (charmon necklace) 61,46,73,86,109,120, 135, 172, 188, 189,470, 1266 Cross, elaborate 65, 70, 138, 410, 416; Maltese 65, 70, 271; plain 45, 65, 70, 74, 75, 88, 107, 114, 90, 91, 138, 212, 305, 308, 332, 349, 425, 429, 434, 465, 587, 1290, 1292, 1300, 1305, 1306, 1386 Cross-hatching. See Lattice. Diagonal lines 44, 45, 66, 71, 153, 193, 442, 832, 1235, 1237, 1275, 1276, 1278, 1296, 1306 Dikeras. See Cornucopia, double Dionysos 55, 271 Dog 56,271 Dolphin, leaping 50, 52, 53-54, 5679, 64, 66, 70, 77, 85, 88, 101, 105, 108, 114, 122, 173, 179, 180, 189, 27, 32, 71, 75, 76, 78, 84, 85, 133, 136, 137?, 138, 171,187, 202-206, 218, 246, 247, 252, 302, 314, 315, 333, 334, 338, 367, 407, 408, 409, 412, 414-416, 421,423, 433, 435, 461,602, 831, 834, 1147, 1150, 1179, 1221, 1268, 1344, 1659, 1660, 1679; charm on necklace 61, 86, 106, 188, 311 Dot border 44, 47, 66, 71, 114, 193, 243, 381, 383, 389, 419, 425, 429, 434, 449, 465, 581, 827, 830, 1226, 1270, 1271, 1281, 1283, 1286, 1287, 1293, 1297, 1299, 1300, 1344, 1374, 1676 Dot rosette 47, 48, 50, 53, 54, 66, 70, 107, 32, 74, 78, 116, 136, 137, 156, 161, 167, 190-195, 198200, 202-209, 212, 215, 216, 218, 240-242, 246, 247, 250, 252, 265, 268, 269, 302, 303, 306, 311, 315, 334, 338, 341,362, 364-368, 408, 409, 411, 412, 414-416, 423, 424, 427-430, 433, 435-438, 440-442, 460, 463, 464, 478, 490, 491,580, 601, 602, 605, 820, 822, 824, 830, 831,833, 836, 837, 1148, 1151, 1152,1171, 1177, 1180, 1216?, 1220, 1224, 1225, 1235, 1236, 1265, 1268, 1269, 1271, 1275-1280, 1284, 1319, 1329, 1336, 1365, 1366, 1635, 1660, 1671, 1673, 1675, 1682 Dots 66, 71, 107, 135, 195, 575, 588, 830, 1282, 1291, 1298, 1299, 1690 Double axe (charm on necklace) 61, 46, 73, 106, 109, 120, 172 Egg and dart 1678 Feather 44, 50, 71, 195, 1295? Figured scene 46, 47, 54-56, 70, 101, 105, 202, 271, 1682 Fillets, hanging from handle 65, 123, 417, 420, 429, 431,435, 437, 439, 440, 441, 443, 447, Fillets, knotted 51, 52-53, 70, 78, 95, 101, 105, 35, 195, 196, 198, 202, 205, 215, 216, 234-236, 258,

260, 265, 268, 269, 270, 1148; other 165, 833, 1635 Flower 45, 373, 1276?, 1285. SeealsoRosette. Garland, unidentified 40, 50, 68, 78, 85, 93, 96, 98, 114, 127, 140, 173, 190, 199, 90, 139, 140, 149, 304, 339, 1282, 1304, 1674, 1675, 1677 Grapes 50, 52, 56, 57, 63, 70, 88, 96, 114, 153, 77, 162, 196, 314, 333, 336, 337, 342, 343, 410, 411, 413, 421,465, 822, 1215, 1220, 1225, 1308 Grapevine 40, 46, 114, 179; with grapes 47, 56, 70, 89, 122, 165, 335, 408, 409, 415, 820, 1226; without grapes 47, 50, 66, 70, 105, 107, 121, 137, 180, 199, 191, 207-209, 241, 244, 302, 313, 334, 362, 363, 368, 412, 416, 419, 424, 427-430, 461, 580, 587, 601, 602, 832, 1177, 1220, 1223, 1235, 1265, 1271, 1273, 1274, 1319, 1329, 1336 Griffin 1682 Hoops 1686 Hoops and leaves 53, 54, 70, 107, 179, 180, 32, 71, 84, 133, 136, 137, 206, 212, 252, 302, 315, 407, 425, 570, 1180 Hunt 55-56, 271 Hunter C;, 56, 271 Inscriptions 47, 57, 63, 68-70, 88, 101,102, 105, 131, 201-202, 70, 72, 73, 76, 77, 85, 87, 90, 109, 115, 120, 124, 135, 138-140, 145, 146, 159, 165, 172, 173, 188, 189, 217, 311, 312, 1341-1344. Secalso Index of Inscriptions. Isis crown 44, 57, 71, 194, 196, 1295? Isis knot 44, 57, 71, 194, 1300 Iunx 58, 70, 93, 144, 435 Ivy garland 40, 44, 46, 48, 50, 66, 70, 77, 88, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 105, 107, 108, 114, 115, 123, 127, 130, 132, 153, 173, 179, 190, 194, 28, 31, 47, 74, 102, 105, 107, 108, 112, 115, 119, 121, 141, 156, 161, 164, 166, 173-177, 190, 192-194, 199, 200, 210, 211, 219, 220, 225, 230, 231, 240, 242, 243, 245, 262, 266, 302, 303, 311, 332, 333, 337, 340, 341,345, 351,364, 365, 368, 376, 387, 409, 418, 436-439, 449, 450, 459-461, 463, 477, 478, 480, 490, 491, 517, 605, 606, 628, 630, 820, 824, 828, 829, 833, 1106, 1142, 1146, 1151, 1152, 1171, 1220-1222, 1224, 1225, 1236, 1271, 1275-1279, 1284, 1289, 1307, 1329, 1341, 1365-1367, 1369, 1635, 1661, 1663, 1664, 1668, 1671, 1673, 1676, 1688 Ivy leaf 260, 379-383, 422 Jar (charm on necklace) 58, 188? Kernos 188, 1215 Lattice 56, 64, 65, 71, 105, 114, 122, 137, 185, 238, 353, 418, 439-441, 443, 444, 453, 516, 589, 619, 835, 1213, 1637, 1692

INDEXII:MOTIFINDEX Leaf 50,51, 70, 107, 35,85, 250,306,366, 450,587, 834; charm on necklace 61, 120, 172, 188, 189, 311, 1266. SeealsoGrapevine;Hoops and leaves;Ivy garland; Ivy leaf; Myrtle garland; Olive garland. Lion 55,271 Lotus bud 44, 57, 194, 1295? Lotus corolla 44, 51, 71, 113, 373, 837, 1277, 1303, 1687 Lozenge 44,66, 71, 193, 309, 578, 1280, 1286, 1660 Myrtle garland 40, 44, 46, 48, 58, 70, 88, 99, 153, 70, 72, 110, 142, 144, 157, 159, 305, 414, 473, 829, 1288, 1329, 1343 Necklace 40, 53, 66, 68, 108, 127; charm 59-61, 70, 88, 99, 105, 114, 46, 73, 86, 106, 109, 120, 134, 135, 158, 170, 172, 188, 189, 311, 470, 1221, 1266; spearhead 40, 43, 44, 46, 51, 54, 58-59, 70, 88, 99, 100, 101, 105, 114, 131, 137, 153, 178, 179, 194, 46, 73, 86?, 106, 109, 120, 134, 135, 145147, 170, 172, 188, 189, 197, 210?, 213, 217, 237, 239, 248, 249, 257, 258, 311,312, 341,345,357360, 369, 414, 417, 421,431, 432, 434, 440-442, 444, 449, 461, 462, 464, 479, 499, 500, 522, 582, 827,830,833,836,1171,1178,1182,1221,1266, 1267, 1270, 1280, 1302, 1353, 1368, 1385, 1386, 1662, 1667, 1670, 1676 Necklace, unknown type 169 Olive garland 40, 44, 46, 48, 49, 66, 70, 94, 99, 100, 102, 105, 107, 108, 114, 153, 166, 179, 193, 194, 26, 29, 30, 33, 45, 47, 87?, 104, 111, 116, 148, 178, 201, 210?, 214, 221-224, 226-229, 259, 272, 273, 303, 306, 307, 311,312, 344?, 345, 346,348, 361, 421,428, 433, 460, 462, 464, 588, 603, 614, 616, 629, 823, 833, 836, 1071-1073, 1143, 114, 1177, 1179?, 1180, 1182, 1222, 1292, 1293, 1318, 1324, 1337, 1371?, 1374, 1375, 1687, 1691 Ovolo 1661, 1666 Palm frond 44, 51, 52, 71, 195, 1291, 1295 Palmette 42, 50, 51, 67, 70, 271,347,431?, 433,440, 441, 443, 499, 1283, 1659, 1660 Pan 55,271? Panther 55, 271 Parallel lines 66, 71, 107, 254, 307, 308, 389, 421, 574, 587, 588, 1236, 1242. SeealsoDiagonal lines; Pseudo bead and reel. Petal 158. SeealsoLotus. Pseudo bead and reel 63, 66, 70, 107, 137, 310, 322, 349, 444,571,572?, 577,582,585, 587,621,831, 1182, 1236, 1273, 1281, 1325, 1684, 1687, 1688 Quiver 54,271 Rays 179, 588, 1178 Rectangle, of tiny dots 47, 51, 66-67, 70, 332, 347, 418, 461, 587, 832, 1223; quartered. See Union jack.

569

Rectangles, concentric 52, 56, 64, 65, 69, 70, 91, 92, 104, 105,107, 108,119, 121,122, 123,125,137, 174, 179, 123, 124, 232, 233, 251, 253, 255, 256, 274, 305-310, 316, 317, 405, 417, 419-425, 427-438, 442, 411 446, 455, 458, 459, 465, 515, 519, 580, 586, 1153, 1171, 1172, 1272, 1350 Ribbing 67, 70, 202, 158, 1172, 1344, 1665 Rosette 45, 51, 65, 67, 70, 114, 137, 153, 354, 364, 369, 413, 442, 443, 581, 608, 823?, 831?, 835, 1106, 1280, 1283, 1679, 1685. SeealsoDot Rosette. Running dog 45, 67, 71, 1293, 1303 Running spiral 44, 67, 70, 271, 1289, 1676 Scroll 44, 61, 66, 71, 194, 195, 196, 1296, 1297, 1298?, 1299? Sistrum 44, 57, 61-62, 71, 194, 1295?, 1296, 1297, 1300 Stag 55,56, 271 Star 51,65,67,71, 107, 114, 139, 153,271,341,345, 348, 351,357, 360, 361,363, 366, 370, 601, 603, 827, 831?, 832, 1270, 1273, 1291, 1293, 1297, 1673 Starlikemotifs 67, 70, 822, 1267, 1276 Target 1672 1236, 1238, 1287 Teardrop 68, 71,451,490,500, Thunderbolt 62, 71, 254, 465?, 832 Thymiaterion, broad-based 46,53,62-63,66,70,114, 137, 153, 342, 412, 582, 830; tall 62-63, 311 Torch 46, 56, 57, 63, 70, 88, 96, 97, 107, 114, 202, 77, 138, 162, 167, 252, 306, 342, 343, 368, 410, 413, 421, 465, 1225, 1269, 1271, 1308, 1351 Tripod 52, 62,63,70, 95, 153, 821 Trefoil garland 44, 49, 71, 194, 453, 615, 618, 1235, 1237, 1238, 1287, 1294 Triangle 202, 1692 Unionjack 68,71,107,253,254,306,308,421,1153 Volute garland 49, 70, 143, 1144, 1218 Waves 105; diagonal pattern 53, 54, 70, 78, 204, 246, 250, 260, 261, 366, 605, 1147, 1369; spiral pattern 10, 52, 53-54, 66, 67, 70, 78, 99, 104, 105, 27, 75, 76, 85, 91?, 138, 171, 187, 202, 203, 205, 218, 247, 264, 265, 267-270, 302, 314, 333, 367, 408, 409, 412, 414-416, 421,423, 433, 461,582, 602, 831, 1150, 1179, 1221, 1268, 1344, 1688 Wavy line 68, 70,450, 519, 586, 1317 Wavy-linegarland 49, 71, 107, 388, 828, 1272, 1665, 1674, 1693 Wheat 42, 50, 51, 70, 95, 114, 137, 202, 155, 372, 581, 603, 1215?, 1281, 1345 Worshipper 271 Wreath 44, 46, 51, 52, 70, 78, 85, 105, 173, 194, 34, 35,215,234-236, 265, 275,370,371,1148,1301, 1664, 1670 Zigzag 68, 71, 114, 387, 390, 444, 450

570

INDEX II: MOTIF INDEX MOTIFS ON MOLDMADE REIJEF WARE

Acanthus 454, 607 Bead and reel 1565 Bird 458 Boar 458 Boukranion 603 Bud 1625 Bull(orcow) 1785; Marathonian 455,602 Cable 602, 603 Chariot 602 Dog 459,608 Dolphin 607 Egg and dart 1628, 1790 Eros 458, 459, 603, 604, 619 Fern 516, 607, 1192? Fleur-de-lis 455,603 Flower 603 Frond 459 Ganymede 603 Garland 1565 Goat 606. SeealsoMask, goat. Gorgoneion 456,457,607 Grapes 619 Grapevine 455 Guilloche 516,1624, 1625? Hare 458 Hunter 458,459 Jeweling 602, 611, 616, 1191, 1193, 1623, 1626, 1627,1629,1787,1789,1791

Kantharos 603? Krater 603,604,619 IN Leaf 457,459,515,602,607,608, 1192, 1624, 1629, 1787 Lion 458,459? Long petals 611-615, 618, 621, 1191, 1193, 1623?, 1625-1627, 1788, 1791, 1792 Lotus petal 454, 458, 515, 516, 616, 617, 618, 622, 1545,1786, 1789, 1790,1802 Mask, goat 458, 602, 603; old man 459 Minotaur 455 Nike 1624 Oinochoe 603? Ovolo 606,614,615 Palmette 455, 603,606 Panther 603 Pinecone scales 517, 601, 620 Prokrustes 455 Rosette 455,458,459,515,602,603,606,607,608, 611,612,617,1624 Satyr 603,619 Skiron 455 Spiral, double 455,459, 602, 603, 605,606 Tendril 454, 455, 516, 616, 1624 Theseus 455,602 Woman 607? Wreath 604 Zeus 603

MOTIFS ON OTHER VESSELS MANUFACTURED WHOLLY OR PARTLYWITH THE USE OF MOLDS Entries are marked according to type of relief. Appliqu6 (ap): low relief applied to the wall. Emblem (em): attachment at center of floor of open vessel. Foot (ft). Handle attachment (ha): relief embellishment of the handle. Plastic attachment (pa): attachment in high relief applied to the wall. Plastic vessel (pv). Rhyton (rh). Spout (sp). African (em) 92, 123?, 125; (pv) 175, 203, 1158, 1159, 1360, 1361 Amazon (ap) 1632 Ariadne? (ap) 1631. SeealsoKissing couple. Boukranion (pa) 232, 1571 Bull (rh) 205, 1387 Cow(rh) 205, 1384 Demeter? (ap) 1631 Dionysos (ap) 1631?; (em) 115, 206, 135, 378, 1391; (ha) 1767?; (pa) 1354?, 1355?, 1703. SeealsoKissing couple. Dolphin (ha) 1765, 1766 Eros (em) 116, 389; (rh) 206, 1388

Erotic symplegma (em) 116, 117, 390 Face(ha) 100,101,128,187,421,501; (pa) 120,415, 417, 420, 448, 584, 1358, 1383 Figures (ap) 1631, 1652 Grape leaf (ap) 1633 Grasshopper(em) 235-236, 1634 Herakles? (em) 115, 387; (pa) 137, 203, 583, 1357 Horse (rh) 205, 1385 Iris. SeeNike. Isis? (ha) 1353 Ivy garland (ap) 1707 Ivy leaf(ap) 1647-1649; (ha) 90, 93, 95, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 106, 102, 103, 105, 113, 115, 148,

INDEX II: MOTIF INDEX 157, 160, 161, 170, 174, 184, 185, 188, 189, 191195, 197-219, 221, 224, 227-230, 234, 237, 239241,245, 246, 248-251,262, 272, 275, 286-288, 290, 302, 303, 518,1768 Kissing couple (em) 115, 384, 395 Leaf(ap) 1631, 1788 Leto? (ap) 1631 Lionhead(ha) 1636; (pa) 1631; (sp) 174,175,11521157 Lion paw (ft) 190, 1245 Lobster. SeeScorpion. Maenad (ap) 1631. SeealsoKissing couple. Mask (em) 92, 119, 120, 126; (ft) 1659; (ha) 90, 96, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 106, 107, 109, 147, 163?, 172, 173, 177, 178, 183, 190, 220, 222, 223, 226, 235, 236, 255, 257-261, 263-265, 268-270, 273, 274, 292, 297, 310, 405; (pa) 120, 121, 122,

571

125, 137, 416, 418, 421, 422, 424, 428-438, 440, 445-447, 449, 465, 587, 1349?, 1595; (sp) 175, 1160 Nike (ap) 1646; (em) 115, 386?; (pa) 203, 1359? Old woman (em) 116, 377 Pan(em) 115, 380, 381?, 382?; (pa) 203, 1356 Pegasos (rh) 205, 1386 Ptolemy (em) 9, 73, 112, 115-116, 117, 333, 376 Satyr(ap) 1631; (em) 115,332,379,381?, 382?,383; (pv) 1793 Scorpion/lobster (em) 1651 Shell (ft) 107-108, 311, 313, 315?, 1672 Skylla (ap) 1652 Sphinx (em) 116,388 Triton? (rh) 205-206, 1389, 1390 Tritoness (em) 116, 117, 389

III DEPOSIT INDEX S This index contains references to deposits within the text. the information and for lists of objects from the deposits. A 18:1 122 A 20:3 20723,21562 A-B 19-20:1 35122,35127 A-B 19-20:2 36128 B 12:1 196 B 13:7 104 B 13:8 13886, 150 B 17:4 20723 B 18:1 20723 B 18:4 20723 B 19:3 20723 B 19:5 21671 B 21:16 1706 B 22:3 21563 B 22:4 35127 36128 BB 17:1 145 C8:1 36128 C 10:1 35127 C 17:2 3296,213 C 19:5 20933 D 4:1 (Group G) 127, 129-130, 234 D 11:1 1706, 196 D 11:3 36128 D 11:4 36128,196 D 12:2 36128,196, 236 D 16:1 96, 101,12733 D 16:6 213 D 17:4 10694, 13259, 15845 D 17:5 155 D 17:12 12843, 162 D-E 8-9:1 89, 21772, 21774 D-E 15:1 35122 E2:3 21772,21775 E 3:1 43, 47, 96, 101, 103, 165, 18114 E 5:2 38, 114 E6:1 10694,122 E 6:2 34116,35127,122, 145, 222 E 10:1 36128 E 14:1 73, 74, 76, 77, 102, 110, 112, 113, 157, 18438 E 14:3(CybeleCistern) 36128,74, 145, 14818,193, 196, 236

Deposit Summaries (pp. 431-473) for further

E15:3 236 E15:4 34118,236 F 5:1 14818 F 11:2, F 12:3 (lower fill), G 11:4 (Tholos debris) 18, 23-24, 27, 84, 102, 127, 145, 165, 167, 21563 F 12:3, upper fill 49. SeealsoF 11:2. F13:3 35127,18645 F 15:2 (Group E) 10, 47, 48, 51, 66, 122, 129, 145, 154, 155, 159, 160, 170, 190, 193, 200, 227, 228, 235, 236 F 16:1 (Demeter Cistern) 33, 207 F 16:6 207 F 17:3 2868, 102, 104 F 17:4 38,78, 104, 110,143 F 19:3 36128, 18645 G5:3 13363 G 6:2 (Group C) 110, 12523, 167-168, 230, 431 G 11:4. See F 11:2. G 12:23 21775 G 13:4 (Group A) 55, 64, 103, 104, 106, 150 G 13:8 35, 35127 G 14:2 36128,196, 207 H 6:4 182 H 6:9 42,207,209 H 12:1 35122,145, 18645 H 14:2 99 H 16:3 (Group B) 28,47,73,97, 102, 112, 121, 150 H 16:4 (GroupD) 11, 34, 113, 122, 129, 131, 133, 154, 160, 164, 200, 227, 230, 232, 234, 236 H-K 12-14 (Middle Stoa Building Fill) 72, 10797,117, 124, 130, 141,158, 186, 198, 20620, 432 I-0:15:1. SeeM-N 15:1. J 5:1 (CrossroadsWell) 84, 85, 86, 90, 96, 99, 12843 144, 145, 16567, 176, 177, 207, 208 L 17:7 104 L 19:2 2868, 102 M 18:2 35127 M 18:10 10797,431 M 20:1 35127,10694, 145, 18645,228 M 21:1 (Komos Cistern) 72, 102, 104, 10797, 110, 143, 150, 1718, 20720, 227

INDEX III: DEPOSIT INDEX

574 M 23:1

36128

M-N 15:1, I-0:15:1 (South Stoa II Building Fill) 10, 122, 13363, 178, 236 N 18:3 431 N 19:1, middle fill 35127,14818, 168, 18645 N 19:1, upper fill (GroupF) 4, 36128,47, 145,154,160, 18645, 193, 234 N20:4

36128

N20:6 431 N20:7 13363,431 N 21:4 (Satyr Cistern) 2868, 72, 76, 77, 102, 109, 110, 112, 113, 134, 143, 157, 20720 0 16:1-2 21564 O 16:3 104 017:5 35127,113 O 18:2 (Hedgehog Well) 33, 95, 12733, 12843, 16567, 167, 169 O 20:3 2868, 102 O-R 7-10 (Building Fill of the Square Peristyle) 165

P 6:5 213 P6:6 21250,213 P 10:1 101 P20:2 34116 P 21:4 78, 102, 104, 110, 112, 13363, 143, 227 P-R 6-12 (Stoa of Attalos Building Fill) 10, 18, 117, 13363, 182, 222, 234, 236 Q8-9 (Fillover floor of Square Peristyle) 124, 138, 432 Q 10:1 (Fill in foundation trench of Square Peristyle) 13886,166 Q 12:1 10694 Q13:1 1706 Q17:5 21457 Q 17:9 36128 R10:1 119,1706 R 13:9 42,13886 R13:11 144, 16567 S 19:3 (Coroplast'sDump) 29, 20720 T27:1 35123, 36128

IV INSCRIPTIONINDEX This indexincludesnamesandwor inscribedwitha point(graffiti= gr),painted(p),stamped(st),or in moldmade relief (m) on pottery in the Catalogue. Single-lettergraffitihave been omitted.

'Ayaie0 TX%I;(p) 70 'Ap-rtfL (gr) 271

AA(gr) 970 AM(gr) 858 AnII(gr) 873 AEK (gr) 728 87 ['A]axXekC(o(p) 'ArtXkou(st) 1525 'AcppoT:n(p) 73

(p) 311 'Ayppo8tls; (p) 312 'Ay([poT?rjq] ['Apl]po[8Elrl]?(p) 1343

]AQNOS[(st) 1204 BAIMA(gr) 877 BIOAI(gr) 49 rEN(gr) 1035 A[(p) 140 [AL]ovoao[u](p) 90 [A][o]~[rovu] (p) 115 ALovoaou(p) 165 [A]Lov6t[ou](p) 1342 [A]o[v6][a]ou? (p) 173 Avov6oa (gr) 271 [A](.po0ouv (st) 1206 [Aop]o90ou (st) 1209 Aopo90[ou] (st) 1210 [85p]ov (p) 124 [8(]po[v]? (p) 1343 iTc' ()yy6at (st) 1775 in' i[yy6]r)(t) (st) 1776 'EppitcpiXo?(st) 1776 [CEp]o[0] (p) 1341 EPQ (gr) 683

ET(st) 1725 e5vo[Las](p) 145 Zes (gr) 327 ['HpaxXe{8]j]S(st) 1211

e[(st) 753 EoyvLi (st) 774 E(^)oyvt; (st) 775

Eeo0 (st) 1727 IN (gr) 655 ]tv&bou(gr) 1573

KT(gr) 1655 AAI(gr) 201

X6xtov (st) 1776 X6xLo?(st) 1775

M(st) 1726 ]MANOT(st) 595 ME (gr) 244,866 MevexX)i(gr) 271 MoaxLtgvo.(st) 1776 NLxta<(st) 1775 NOT (gr) 1053 6Xxi PAAAn(gr)

1107

IA (st) 1777 Pn (gr) 905 ][ (m) 622 [Te-tp]xouv (p) 600

(I (gr) 655 tX[ (st) 1212 c[[iX]lc (p) 72 cpAXlta (p) 76, 77, 85, 109 cpil[a<] (p) 120

(p) 138 [
(p) 139 [cpiX(]ac p[ilas] (p) 146 cp([Xta](p) 172

(p) 188 pXlax[;]

cpiLX[as](p) 189

[cpiX]la(gr) 217 ['pXlta]5?(p) 135 [Ypat]as?(p) 159 l[XumosH[(gr) 1344

THE

ATHENIAN AGORA RESULTS OF EXCAVATIONS CONDUCTED BY

THE AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL STUDIES AT ATHENS

VOLUMEXXIX

HELLENISTIC POTTERY

ATHENIAN AND IMPORTED WHEELMADE TABLE WARE AND RELATED MATERIAL PART2: ILLUSTRATIONS BY

SUSAN I. ROTROFF

THE AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL STUDIES AT ATHENS PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY 1997

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication

Data

Rotroff,SusanI., 1947Hellenisticpottery:Athenianandimportedwheelmadetablewareandrelated material/ by SusanI. Rotroff p. cm. - (AthenianAgora;v. 29) Includesbibliographical referencesandindex. Contents:pt. 1. Text- pt. 2. Illustrations ISBN0-87661-229-X(alk.paper) 1. Pottery,Hellenistic-Expertising-Greecc-Athens. 2. Pottery,HellenisticCatalogs.3. Agora(Athens,Greece)I. Tide. II. Series. NK3840.R681997 96-47458 738'.0938-dc21 CIP

? American School of Classical Studies at Athens 1997 TYPOGRAPHY BY THE AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL STUDIES PUBLICATIONS OFFICE 6-8 CHARLTON STREET, PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY PLATES BY HULL PRINTING, MERIDEN, CONNECTICUT PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BY PRINCETON ACADEMIC PRESS, LAWRENCEVILLE, NEW JERSEY

ILLUSTRATIONS PLAN 1.

Plan of the Athenian Agora showing the locations of the Hellenistic Deposits

FIGURES 1. 2. 3. 4-5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17-18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24-32. 33. 34. 35-36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42-43. 44. 45. 46-49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57.

Terminology: feet Terminology: rims Terminology: handles Classical kantharos: plain rim Classical kantharos:plain and molded rim Cup-kantharos:plain rim Cup-kantharos:plain and molded rim Cup-kantharos:molded rim; tall stem. Kantharos: special handles Kantharos: special handles. Calyx-cup Bowl-kantharos Bowl-kantharos:variants. Skyphos Bolster-cup. Bolsal. Hellenistic kantharos:straightwall Hellenistic kantharos: straightwall; angular (Stage 1) Hellenistic kantharos: angular (Stages 2 and 3) Hellenistic kantharos: angular (small);baggy Hellenistic kantharos: baggy Hellenistic kantharos: molded rim Cup with moldmade feet. Net-pattern cup. Black-glazedhemispherical cup. Parabolic cup (mastos) Cup with interior decoration: Type 1 Cup with interior decoration: Type 2. Two-handled cup Two-handled cup Amphora: wheelmade Amphora: wheelmade and moldmade West Slope oinochoe. Chous Chous Lagynos. Pitcher. Olpe Jug Round-mouthjug and juglet Round-mouthjuglet. Dipper. Situla Krater Lug-handled krater Moldmade krater Lebes. Moldmade vessels. Plate: thickened edge Plate: rolled rim Plate: rolled rim, and related pieces. Fish-plate Fish-plate Saucer: projecting rim Saucer: projecting rim, and related piece Plate: rilled rim Plate: rilled rim and concave rim Decorated plates Plate: offset rim

vi

58. 59-60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66-67. 68. 69-70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75-76. 77. 78. 79-81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89-91. 92. 93-94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106.

ILLUSTRATIONS Plate:upturnedrim. Compartment plate. One-handler Bowl:outturnedrim Bowl:outturnedrim,blackand semiglazed Bowl:verticalupperwall. Echinusbowl:shallow Echinusbowl:deep Echinusbowl. Beveledbowl. Footedhemispherical bowl. Smallbowl:projectingrim Smallbowl:broadbase. Saltcellar Deep bowl:projectingrim Deep bowl:projectingrim;plainrim Lekythos Aryballos.Guttus Unguentarium.Doublecruet Filterjug. Feeder Canteen Pyxis:TypeB Pyxis:TypesB, C, andD Handlelesslekanis.Reversiblelid Reversiblelid Reversiblelid. Lekanislid Medicinebottle.Inkwell Lid. Miscellaneousshapes.Miniatures Loutrophoros.Rhyton.Phiale.Votiveskyphos Votiveskyphos.Thymiaterion.Pyrelekanis Ribbon-handled plate. Pyresaucer.Chytridion.Lopadion Coveredbowl. Hadrahydria.Lagynosware Lagynosware Lagynoswareand relatedwares wares Light-ground wares.Ionianplatter Light-ground Graywares:wheelmade Graywares:wheelmadeand moldmade Graywares:appliqu6.Italianimports.Redwares Redwares.ImportedWestSlopepottery ImportedWestSlopepottery Otherwheelmadeimportedpottery:vesselsforwine Importedplates Importedbowlsand saltcellars Importedoil containers Otherimportedpottery:wheelmadeandmoldmade.Faience Stamps

PLATES 1-3. 4. 5. 6-7. 8. 9. 10-11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

Classicalkantharos:plainrim Classicalkantharos:plainand moldedrim Classicalkantharos:moldedrim. Handlemold Cup-kantharos: plainrim Cup-kantharos: plainandmoldedrim moldedrim;tallstem Cup-kantharos: Kantharos:specialhandles Calyx-cup.Bowl-kantharos Bowl-kantharos Bowl-kantharos: variant.Skyphos:Attictype Skyphos:Corinthiantype. Bolster-cup

vii *?

ILLUSTRATIONS 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22-27. 28. 29-30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40-44. 45. 46. 47-48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54-55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63-65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81-82. 83.

Bolsal. Hellenistic kantharos: straightwall Hellenistic kantharos: straightwall; angular (Stage 1) Hellenistic kantharos: angular (Stage 1) Hellenistic kantharos: angular (Stages 2 and 3) Hellenistic kantharos: angular (Stage 3) Hellenistic kantharos: angular,small Hellenistic kantharos:baggy Hellenistic kantharos: baggy, small;molded rim, black Hellenistic kantharos: molded rim, black Hellenistic kantharos: molded rim, West Slope Cup with moldmade feet. Net-pattern cup. Black-glazedhemispherical cup Parabolic cup (mastos). Black-glazedcup. Cup with interior decoration: Type 1 Cup with interior decoration: Type 1 Cup with interior decoration: Type 2 Cup with interior decoration: Type 2. Emblem Emblem Two-handled cup Two-handled cup. Amphora: wheelmade Amphora: wheelmade Amphora: wheelmade and moldmade West Slope oinochoe. Chous Chous Lagynos. Pitcher with thin neck. Olpe Small jugs Round-mouthjug and juglet Round-mouthjuglet. Dipper Dipper. Situla. Krater Bolster-krater Lug-handled krater Lug-handled krater.Moldmade krater Moldmade krater.Lebes Moldmade vessels for wine service Plate: thickened edge; rolled rim Plate: rolled rim Plate: rolled rim. Related plates Fish-plate Saucer: projecting rim Saucer: projecting rim. Plate: rilled rim Plate: rilled rim; concave rim Decorated plate Large West Slope plate. Plate: offset rim Plate: upturned rim. Compartment plate. One-handler Bowl: outturned rim, Classical type Bowl: outturned rim, Hellenistic type Bowl: outturned rim, semiglazed;vertical upper wall Echinus bowl: Classical and Hellenistic types Echinus bowl: deep Echinus bowl: deep; grooved wall. Bowls. Small bowls. Saltcellars. Saltcellar: footed. Deep bowl: projectingrim Deep bowl: projecting rim; plain rim Lekythos Duck askos. Aryballos. Guttus

V1l

v*i

84. 85. 86. 87. 88-89. 90-92. 93. 94-99. 100. 101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112. 113-114. 115-116. 117. 118. 119. 120-121. 122. 123. 124-126. 127. 128-129. 130. 131. 132. 133-134. 135. 136. 137. 138. 139. 140. 141. 142. 143. 144. 145-146. 147. 148.

ILLUSTRATIONS Guttus Plastic askos. Unguentarium Double cruet Filterjug Feeder. Ring vase/feeder Canteen Pyxis: Type B Pyxis: Types B, C, and D. Handleless lekanis Reversible lid Reversible lid. Lekanis lid. Medicine bottle. Inkwell Inkwell. Lid Fragments Plastic attachments Miniatures Loutrophoros. Rhyton Rhyton. Phiale Votive skyphos Miniature votives Thymiaterion Pyre lekanis. Ribbon-handled plate. Pyre saucer Pyre saucer. Chytridion Lopadion. Covered bowl Hadrahydria Lagynos ware: decorated lagynos Lagynos ware: banded lagynos Lagynos ware: pyxis Lagynos ware: other shapes Other light-ground wares White ground, polychrome decoration White ground, polychrome decoration. Other white-ground wares Gray wares Gray wares: moldmade and applique Gray ware: appliqu6 Italian wares Italian wares. Plakettenvase. Pergamene ware Red wares. Imported West Slope pottery Imported West Slope pottery Wheelmade imports: vessels for wine Wheelmade imports: plates Wheelmade imports: plates; bowls; saltcellars;lekythoi Wheelmade imports: various shapes Wheelmade and moldmade imports Moldmade imports. Green-glazed ware. Faience Plastic attachments Incised and impressed decoration (bolsal;plate: rolled rim) Incised and impressed decoration (plate: rolled rim) Incised and impressed decoration (plates and bowls) Decorative stamps Makers' stamps Stamps on imported pottery

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INCURVED RIM

40116 RILLEDRIM

OFFSET RIM

UPTURNED RIM

7/

6

I'

MOLDED RIM

I

FIGURE

C^

J) Oslo111fllf"i"I"I1Ii I \

LUGHANDLE

LUG HANDLE

RECURVEDHANDLE

RING HANDLE /

BOLSTERHANDLE

BASKET HANDLE

LOOP HANDLE

/

WITHTHUMBREST

WITHROTELLE STRAP HANDLE

WITHHANDLEPLATEAND SPUR TRIPARTITEHANDLE

-U-

DOUBLEHANDLE

SPUR HANDLE

FIGURE4

1

2

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

FIGURE

24

23

22

25

26

27

28

U

II '

'\ II II f

V

FIGURE 6

MONFGMWM

32

33

36

37

38

42

39

43

44

47

FIGURE

52

53

54

55

57

66

56

59

58

67

71

FIGURE 8

72

74

Side A

Side B

73

75

76

77

FIGURE /f

\

/ /\ I /

I t

I I \ \

\ \ \ \,

88

85

89

92 94

95

/j 93

91 96

99

98

FIGURE 10

103

102

105

104

108

/I 1,

109

,/ I

114

116

Side B 118

119

120

S

Side A

FIGURE

127

131

130

"

132

133

Side B

Side A

134

135

138

Iw

142

FIGURE12

P

155 155

149

148

14[7

151

152

153

154

160

157

I

FIGURE

? 164

165

166

167

>~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 168

169

I

I

170

171

172

FIGURE 14

180

179

187

193

189

195

190

197

FIGURE

202

203

204

205

206

207

212

FIGURE 16

219

221

226

232

237

222

229

234

224

230

235

238

241

FIGURE

252

256

263

253

257

264

261

265

FIGURE18

267

268

269

270

FIGURE

284

287

293

297

f/

298

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I

278

282

279

303

304

r I

\

ft\-

i'

)

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k \ _

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305

FIGURE 20

\

312 311

315 a

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2

321

320

318

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323

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.

327

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328

329

330

FIGURE

-'---.--

332

347

\

/ 348

333

339

340

349

350 341

341

351

342

352

344 355

356

FIGURE 22

357

363 369 I

%

358

\

364 I

370

I

359

I

365 371 %r

360

366

1\

V 374

361

II

I

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362

368

391

375

375

392

I1

FIGURE

395

400

396

401

I I I k

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397

402

39

403

399

404

__

FIGURE 24

Q

/

I

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k

407 408

409

0'Ae $: i

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FIGURE

412

414

I

413

FIGURE 26 c

416

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y

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~

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419

417

FIGURE

I1

&4LAC

j

I

423 421

422

FIGURE 28

426

427

I

....X, JXX

':

428

r

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. .:

A.,

Eo,

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mo

~~~', ~.~'~, ~,'r ,,~. ' ....L:,~ .,~~~~?

r?

FIGURE

u

430

431

1\

I-

5~~~~~~.

I

=

nr_~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-A

FIGURE 30

434

433

435

FIGURE

437

438

1? /1

439

FIGURE 32

441

~~~~~~~~~B;~~~~~~~~~ ',

442

I,

1

FIGURE

454

456

443 457

449

451

450

452 453

455

FIGURE 34

461

463

462

460

I

464

466

465

`?r

f)

FIGURE

469

472

471

P\

9;T

v ((f !

473

474

475

IfI II

/ "' <

476

477

FIGURE 36

485

483

482

481

486

487

488

9 490

484

489

FIGURE

t

495

496

497

498

503

504

506)~~ 507

490

,

'

508510)~~~'

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~,

5061

,-

d

-9 -

,-

502

494

\

/ i0 .

509

FIGURE 38

511

(.

C----

512 \

\

516

515

514

513 I

521

517520

I-

I5

51 515

5

5I2

516

517

520

)

518

5

,,

519 522

523

524

521

FIGURE

y

528

530

529

533

r

531

532 5:34

535

)

536

537

538

539

540

' 54

541

54I 542

543

544

545

FIGURE 40

565

564

563

562

561

560

559

558

557

556

555

554

553

552

5J 566

567

568

569

I I- -

570

571

572

573

FIGURE

580

579 579

582

581 581 583

//

_

586

7

/

584

585

7

588

/

589

FIGURE 42

590

591

592

595

595

597

596

C-

e__

'p

N

594

LUG-HANDLED KRATER:

FIGURE 44

601

602

603 603

605

~

-.

1

1-1

Q --

en~~~~A

UIUu

kl I

607

-

BE1 606

r

ak

FIGURE

609

610 I I

,2' I\

/

\

614

I \ ,/

I

,

/ I

<

i

615 I6

616

/1

612 612

611

613

I-

I

621 621

,, . 61

M<'

7

617

619

619

623 624 - 628628 630 629

I

622

FIGURE 46

631

633

632

633

635

636

638

639

350-325 B.C.

634 I

:

637 325-300 B.C. (earlyin span?)

640

641

642

643

644

325-300 B.C. (ate in span?)

r

645

646

647

648

649 Ca. 300 B.C. if

(K ~651

650

652

653

651

654

FIGURE 4

65511

l

655

656

Ca. 275 B.C.

657 275-250 B.C.

-65

659

659 Ca. 250 B.C.

660

661

662

663 663

250-225 B.C.

664

665 _

-1

666

p

FIGURE 48

667

668

669

Ca. 200 B.C.

670

671

672

673

674

675

676

677

200-175 B.C.

678

679

681

FIGURE 4

682

683

684

685

686

687

68

689

690

691

J

C

-'--

692

c

FIGURE50

694

695

696

697

698

699

110-86 B.C.

700

701

702

703

704

705

706

707

708 709

710

711

712

713

714 714

FIGURE 5

724

716

290-275 B.C.

725

717

Ca. 225 B.C.? 1r

726

718

iN

n in rw_ (a. 27/ D.L;.

I

275-250 B.(I.

I

lll-

727

719

225-200 B.C.

720

728

721 200-175B.C. B.C. 200-175

729

722

730

723 Ca. 175 B.C.

250-225 B.C.

225-175 B.C.

731

FIGURE 52

734

735

736

737

275-250 B.C.

738

739

250-225 B.C.

741

740

742

225-200 B.C. K

743

744

745

746

747

748

749

750

751

752

753

K

FIGURE

756

757

758

175-150 B.C.~175~-~150 B.C.

759

760 a~ e

/

761

150-110 B.C.

763

764

765

766

767 -'

-

768

769

770

771

772

773

Late 2nd-early 1st c. B.C.

FIGURE 54

l I' 776

B 00-350

777

76

400-350 B.C.

e

350-325 B.C.

._ew&

I

778

I

779

AO

780

781 325-300 B.C.

I

_

782

783

784

785

786

787

789

790

792

793

795

796

Ca. 300 B.C.

788 300-275 B.C.

791 Ca. 275 B.C.

794 275-250 B.C.

FIGURE

799

800

801

802

250-225 B.C.

225-175 B.C.

803

805

804

200-175 B.C.

806

807

175-150 B.C.

150-100 B.C.

808

809

150-125 B.C.

811

810

150-110 B.C.

812

814

813

815

110-86 B.C.

>

--

-~

816

817

FIGURE 56

823

820

823

822

824 824

826

825

828

827

829

830

831 831

833

835

834

836

FIGURE

838

839

840

841

842

843

844

=-

845

FIGURE 58

847

849 848

850

851

f

-

852

853

856

855

859

861

858

857

860

862

*1

2863

863

FIGURE5

325-300 B.C.

868

866

Ca.( 00 .C.8!

8169

Ca.300 B.C.

870

I

A,

871

300-290 B.C.

875

874

872 290-275 B.C.

878

877

Ca. 275 B.C.

881 881

880

879 275-250 B.C.

250-240 B.C. 250-240 B.C.

887

886

885

250-225 B.C.

884

883

889

888 c

1

FIGURE60

893

895896

225-175 B.C.

897

175-150 B.C.

900

899

150-125 B.C.

275-250 B.C.

905

907

250-225 B.C.

910

911

903

913

916

250-200 B.C.

225-175 1B.C.

917

918

922

Ca. 175 B.1C.?

923

924

925

927

926

175-150 1W.C.

/ 150-110 B.C.

928

929

931

FIGURE

937

939

940

943

94

945

947

948

951

950

952

953

955 -

995

959

FIGURE62

960

962

961

964

963

s 965

966

970

971

983

967

972

974

976

977

978

979

980

981

982

984

J

986

FIGURE

993

994

1000

996

1001

1006

1002

1007

1004

1008

1012

1011

998

1010

1014

1018

1017

1019

1020

1021 I -- -- .-- - - --

1022

1023

-

-

-

1024

FIGURE64

J 1026

1027

1028

1029

1030

1031

1032

1033

I

IL

-1

1035

1034

1036

1038

1037

1039

1041

1040

1043

1042

1045

1044

1046 1046

FIGURE 6

1050

1051

1052

1053

1054

1055

1056

1057

1058

1059 1059

1060

1061

1062

1063

1064

1065

1071

1072

1066

1069

1070

1073

1074

1075

1076

1077

1078

1079

1080

1081

1082

1083

10841084

FIGURE66

A

\

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1091

1090

1093

1092

xx

I

1094 \~~~;I

/1096

1095

1097

FIGURE 6

1099

1099

1100

1101

1102

FIGURE68

1104

1105

1106

FIGURE

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1111

1110

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X'I

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1115

1114

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1120

1124

1119

1121

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FIGURE

1133 1131

1134

1133

1132

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1138

1139

1137

1136

1135

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1140

1141

1142

1143

1144

1145

1146

1147

1148

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1152

1151

1150 /-

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1156

FIGURE 72

1163

1164

1166

1165

1167

1172

1171

1173

1176

1174 I \

1177

1169

1168

1178

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to-c

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FIGURE 74

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1200

1200

1198 1198

1202

1201

1207 1204

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FIGURE I

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1218

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1226

1220 (body)

1227

1229

1230

1231

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1236 1238

PYXIS:TYPEB

FIGURE7

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1240

1242

1241

1243

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1250 1251

FIGURE 78 L/3

r5

1255

1254

1257

1256

1260 1260

1258

1259

1262 1261 ^^

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1263

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1270 1265 ,

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FIGURE 80

1280

1281

1284 1287

1285 i1

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1286

1290

FIGURE 81

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--

-

m C4

N

0\

I

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12

1295

1306

1305

1304

1307

1307 REVERSIBLE LID. LEKANIS LID

1308

1296

FIGURE 8

1309

1314

1310

1311

1315

1312

1316

1317

II

<'

1313

1318

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1319

1320

1321

1322

1323

1324

1325

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1326

FIGURE 84

r(

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,

1330

1332

1329

1335

/ 1336

1336

1334

I

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1337

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li

1339

1340

1342 I,

1344 13

1345

1346

1349

1350

1350

,

1

FIGURE

I[

1380

1381

1379

1390

1388

..

1391

1382

1393

1394

1396

FIGURE 86

-e- CZ1403 1400

1401

1402

1403

1404

1405

1406

1407

1431

1444

4-

/

1443

1433 1435 1436

1437 1437

1438

1439

1442

1440

1445 1446

1447

fA

1448

1441

FIGURE

1455

1456

1458

1459

1460

1464

1461

1465

1462

1457

1468 1473 1469

1466 1474

1470 1463

1467

1463

1467

1471 1472

1475

1478

1476

1479

1483

1480

1484

1477

1481

1482

1485

<'K. 1486

1487

1488

FIGURE 88

1494

1493

1492

1497

1496

1495

1499

1498

1502

1501

1503

FIGURE

1505

1506

1507

FIGURE 90

_

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rr.

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1527

1517 ---

1521

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FIGURE

1530

1531

1532

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1533

FIGURE 92

'k

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1536

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1537

1538

1539

1540 1541 ''d i

1542

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1545

1543

l,lb'll:/,,7tlll~/:l27

1~

FIGURE

1548

1551

1550

1555

1554

1556

1557 WARES LIGHT-GROUND

1559

1561

1562 (/

1563

1565

cr

j00

1566 15 1568

I 1567

1570 1569

1573

1573

1574

1575 LIGHT-GROUND WARES. IONLANPLATTER

FIGURE 96

1577

1576

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1578

i

1581

1580

r

1582

1584

I

11II111llll 11 IaI8 Bm 11II111 II

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1586

1585

1587

1589

1588

p

1592 1590

r

1

FIGURE 9

1597 1599 1601

1600

1602

1603

1607

,f.r

1604

1610

:

J 1608 ,.

1609

1605

1612

1611

1612

1613 I

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a,cO Ov q ,,I^ , i^

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1 1620

7

1606

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1614

1616 621\

1621 1623

1618

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1619

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FIGURE 98

1634

I-7

1

1635 1631 -

1638 1638

1640

1641

1639

1642 1648

1643 1653 1650 1644 1654 1645

1636

FIGURE

1657

i

i

1660 1658

1659

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I

1663

1661

1664

1665

1666

1667

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1668 1670

FIGURE 100

1672

0

1673

1674

1675

1679 1677 1676 1680 t

I-

1682

1687

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1685

1688

1693

FIGURE 1

I

1696

2

I

1697

1698

1699

1700

1701

1704

1705 I

1706

, 1708

1702 I I

1709

FIGURE 102

1711

1712

1713

1714

1718 I

1715

1719

1716

1720

1717

1721

1722

1723

FIGURE 1

1730

1732

(;:.-

1.: , ,..:.

:.

:

. -.; :

> ,:

-

-C 1733

1731

1734

1735

1736

1737

1738

1739

1740

1742

1741

FIGURE 104

S

V A S

I

V

1747

1746

N l

I

~~~

1748

1749

I

1758

1750

1756 1

I

I

C

1757

FIGURE 1 K I II

1759 1759

1761

(

1763

I

1762

1760

1778 1769 1769

1764 (from side)

1770 1770

1771 1C771

1773

1772

I1

1779

, I

/ 1 7

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1775 1775

1774

1776

1780

1777

1782

1782

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1788

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1I

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1

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1787

1786

NOP 4JI'l

1790

1783

17971798

1798

1799

1789

1792 1800

FIGURE106

595

1206 1204

1209

1210

PLATES

PLATE

2

1*

3

4'

P

4

5

6

p

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8

9

10

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PLATE2

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12 159 ~~~~~~~

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17, view 1

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17, view 2

18

19

PLAT

23

24

26

28

25

27

29

30

PLATE 4

35 34

36

38

37

39

PLATE

43

42

44

45

46

47 48, mold

4v

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48, cast

PLATE 6

52

53

54

55

57

56

58

59

2

PLATE

63

64

66

65

68

71

69

67

70

PLATE 8

74

75

77

79

76

78

80

81

PLATE

85 84

86

87

90

88

89

PLATE 10

94

95

96

99

98

100

97

02

101

103......

PLATE

TZ

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105

106, side A

106, side B

107

108 109, side A

109, side B

113, mold

111

112

110

113, cast

115

116

117

PLATE 12

A"

119

118

120, side A

120, side B

124

121

122

123

125

126

127

128

129

130

S.

PLATE

1 2A

13

135, side A

135, side B

_

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136

140

138 139

137

141

142

145

143

144

146

PLATE 14

150

151

147

148

149

152

PLATE

158 b 156 155

Sr

158 a

160

157

159

3 161

162

163

167

PLATE 16

168

170

171

172, side A

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249

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252, detail

251

PLATE 24

254,

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255

253

254, strap

257

256

r

258

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259

260

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265, side A

267

268

263

266

PLATE 26

271

271, detail

Side A

271 HF.TJ..NISTIC KANTHAROS:BAGGY

PLATE 28

2

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272

273

274

275

276

277

278 a, b

279

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280

281

282

PLATE

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283

284

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289

290

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300

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304

306

308

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314

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315

316

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319

320

318

321

322

325

323

326

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329

330

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332 a

333 b

337

338

339

340

PLATE 34

342 341

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343

346

345

347

348

350 349

351

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358

360

359

361

362

365

364

363

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PLATE 36

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373, interior

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375

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382

385

383

386

384

387, detail

387

388

389

PLATE 38

391

393

394

395

396

397 399, view 1

398

PLATE

401

402

403

404

C 405

406

406, detail

I 407 408

410

411

PLATE 40

413

412

415

414

PLATE

419

420 a

418

422

421

423

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427 428

430 429

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433

436

435

PLATE 44

440

439

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441

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453

446

445

449

450

451

454

456

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461

463

462

460

464

465

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471

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472

473

476

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483

484

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490

487

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488

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496

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502

503

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511

513

514

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533

530

529

532

534

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537

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538

543

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540

544

545

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547

548

549

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561

558

562

559

563

560

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584

585

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588 b, c

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PLATE 56

590

591

592

PLATE

595

596

594

597

598

599

600

602

PLATE 58

603 a, exterior

603 a, interior

605, exterior

605, interior

604

608, view 1

606

607 608, view 2 f--!^^.

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PLATE

611

613

612

I 614

615

616

618 619 617

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620

621

622

PLATE 60

623

624 625

626

627

628 a

629

632

637

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630

633

635

641

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648

668

650 671

652

672 654 -O

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673

657

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660

680

662

685 664

PLATE 62

689

694

692

696

700

702, view 1 704

702, view 2

PLATE

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I

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711

712

PLATE 64

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717

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PLATE 66

734

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740

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743

745

747

748

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PLATE

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761

763

764

766

768

769

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800

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810

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823

825

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824

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827

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833, exterior

834

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PLATE 70

836

837 835 832

838

840

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PLATE

847

850

848

849

852

861, view 1

854

855

863, view 1

856, view 1

857, view 1

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PLATE 72

867

869

873

876

880

881

882

885

890

891

892

894

898

895

PLATE r

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908

914

909

915

912

917

918

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920

926

928

921

925

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932

934

937

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939

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PLATE 74

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953

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956

957

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966

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969

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983

985

988

991

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PLATE 76

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995

996

997

998

999

1000

1001

1003

1005

1007

1009

1010

1011

1012

1013

PLATE

1014

1015

1016

1018

1019

1020

1022

1023

1024

1025

1026

1030

1017

1027

1031

1028

1032

1033

PLATE 78

1037

1039

1042

1043

1045

1047

1044 1049

1050

1051

1054

1055

1060

1063

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1065 1067 1066

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1069

1070

PLATE

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1081

1077

1083

1079

1084

1088

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1091

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PLATE 80

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1106

1107

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1110

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PLATE 84

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1148

1150

1151

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1154, cast

1152 1153, view 1

1153, view 2

1154, mold

PLATE

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1160, view 1

1160, view 2

1158

1161 1162

1163

1164

1165

1171

1166

1167

1168

1169

1170

PLATE 86

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1174

1175

1176

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1273

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1275

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1281

1279

1282

1283

PLATE 9

1285

1284

1287

1286 1287, detail

PLATE 98

1288

1291

PLATE

1292

1296

PLATE 100

1301

1299

1300 1303

1302

1304

1309

1305

1310

1306

1307

1311

1312

1308

1313

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1322

1325 1319 1324

1326

1327

1328

1330

1331

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1335

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1366

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1377

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1393

1394

1395

1396

1397

1398

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1409

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1434

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1437

1438

1439

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1440

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PLATE 110

1445

1446

1447

1448

1449

1450

1451

1452

1453

1454

1455

1456

1458

1457

1459

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1463

1464

1467

1469

1470

1475

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1466

1465

1468

1472

1476

1473

1474

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PLATE 112

1483

1486

1489

1492

1496

1497

1484

1485

1487

1488

1490

1491

1493

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1500, side B

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PLATE 116

1512, view 1

1512, view 2

1514

1513

1515

1516

1519 1518 1517

1521

1522

1523

1520

PLATE 1

1527

1529

1528

1530

PLATE 118

1533 a

1533 b

1535

1534

1538

1536

1537

PLATE 1

1540

1541

1542

1543, bottom

1544 1543, profile

1545

PLATE 120

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1549

1546

1547

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1598, detail

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1649

1647

1646

1650

1651

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1656

1653

1657

1658

1654

1659, view 1

1660 1659, view 3 1659, view 2

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1663

1662

1661

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1730

1731

1723

1732

1733

1734 1724

1735

1736

1737

1742

1738

1739

1740

1741

1743

1744

1745

PLATE 138

1749

1750

1751

1754

1755

1756

1759

1752

1757

1760

1763

1753

1758

1761

1764

1762

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1768, view 1

1768, view 2

1767 1767, detail

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1774

1775

1778

1779

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1777

1781

1780

1782

1783

1786

1785

1788

PLATE 140

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1797

1794 1799 1798 1795

1800

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119

120

123

125

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178

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260

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PLATE 146

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887

893

889

895

896

891

897

892

898

901

903

903

935

965

966

967

968

969

970

971

972

973

975

1012

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595

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1206

1210

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PLATE 148

1579 1642 1643

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1730 1726