Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2007 (World Development Indicators)

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From World Development Indicators

The Little Data Book on

Private Sector Development

Economic and social context Business environment Private sector investment Finance and banking Infrastructure

2007

THE LITTLE DATA BOOK ON PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT

Copyright ©2007 by the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/THE WORLD BANK 1818 H Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433 U.S.A. All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America First printing May 2007 ISBN 0-8213-7076-6

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2007 is a product of the Development Data Group of the World Bank’s Development Economics Vice Presidency and the Small and Medium Enterprise Department of the International Finance Corporation. Editing, design, and layout by Communications Development Incorporated, Washington, D.C. Cover design by Peter Grundy Art & Design, London, U.K.

Contents Acknowledgments

4

Preface

5

Data notes

6

Regional tables World

8

East Asia and Pacific

9

Europe and Central Asia

10

Latin America and the Caribbean

11

Middle East and North Africa

12

South Asia

13

Sub-Saharan Africa

14

Income group tables Low income

16

Middle income

17

Lower middle income

18

Upper middle income

19

Low and middle income

20

Europe EMU

21

High income

22

Country tables (in alphabetical order)

23

Glossary

232

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

3

Acknowledgments The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2007 is based on World Development Indicators 2007 and its accompanying CD-ROM, with a focus on the private sector in development. The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2007 is the result of close collaboration between the staff of the World Bank’s Development Economics Data Group and the International Finance Corporation’s Small and Medium Enterprise Department. The Data Group team included Uranbileg Batjargal, David Cieslikowski, Richard Fix, Raymond Muhula, and William Prince. The Small and Medium Enterprise team included Michael Ingram and Shokraneh Minovi. This effort benefited from previous work led by Joyce Msuya and from additional input from Mark Dutz, Vincent Palmade, Cherian Samuel, and Andrew Stone. The work was carried out under the management of Shaida Badiee, Director of the Development Data Group, and Laurence Carter, Director of the Small and Medium Enterprise Department. Meta de Coquereaumont, Christopher Trott, and Elaine Wilson of Communications Development Incorporated provided design, editing, and layout. Staff from the World Bank External Affairs Department oversaw publication and dissemination of the book.

4

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

Preface Publication of this first edition of The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development coincides with rising interest in private sector development and growing understanding of the links between private sector development and economic growth. Well functioning finance markets and a robust private sector play critical roles in increasing productivity and growth and in spreading equality of opportunity. The availability of cross-country data on the business environment has expanded rapidly in recent years, including data from the World Bank’s Doing Business project and Enterprise Surveys. These data sources report on the scope and types of regulations that enhance—and constrain—business activity and provide information on business owners’ assessments of the business environment. These data have led to new research, enabled benchmarking, and informed the reform process in many developing countries. Included in this guide are indicators covering the economic and social context, the business environment, private sector investment, finance and banking, and infrastructure. Though not all relevant variables can be included in a pocket guide, the indicators that are included provide users with a general understanding of the private sector in each country. Indicators displayed in the tables are defined in the glossary, which also indicates the sources of the data. We welcome your suggestions for how to improve future editions and make them more useful.

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

5

Data notes The data in this book are for 2000 and 2005 or the most recent year unless otherwise noted in the Glossary. •

Growth rates are proportional changes from the previous year unless otherwise noted.

•

Regional aggregates include data for low- and middle-income economies only.

•

Figures in italics indicate data for years or periods other than those specified.

Symbols used: ..

indicates that data are not available or that aggregates cannot be calculated because of missing data.

0 or 0.0

indicates zero or small enough that the number would round to zero at the displayed number of decimal places.

$ —

indicates current U.S. dollars. indicates not applicable.

Data are shown for economies with populations greater than 30,000 or for smaller economies if they are members of the World Bank. The term country (used interchangeably with economy) does not imply political independence or official recognition by the World Bank but refers to any economy for which the authorities report separate social or economic statistics. In keeping with World Development Indicators 2007, this edition of The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development 2007 uses terminology in line with the 1993 System of National Accounts (SNA). In particular, gross national product (GNP) is replaced by gross national income (GNI).

6

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

Regional tables The country composition of regions is based on the World Bank’s analytical regions and may differ from common geographic usage. East Asia and Pacific American Samoa, Cambodia, China, Fiji, Indonesia, Kiribati, Korea, Dem. Rep., Lao PDR, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Fed. Sts., Mongolia, Myanmar, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tonga, Vanuatu, Vietnam Europe and Central Asia Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Georgia, Hungary, Isle of Man, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, FYR, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovak Republic, Tajikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan Latin America and the Caribbean Argentina, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela, RB Middle East and North Africa Algeria, Djibouti, Egypt, Arab Rep., Iran, Islamic Rep., Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Malta, Morocco, Oman, Syrian Arab Republic, Tunisia, West Bank and Gaza, Yemen, Rep. South Asia Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka Sub-Saharan Africa Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Dem. Rep., Congo, Rep., Côte d’Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mayotte, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, São Tomé and Principe, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

7

World 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with government officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and medium-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — — Private sector investment Investment in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

8

2007

2005

6,059.5 6,437.7 2,797.0 3,027.5 5.6 6.4 5,248 7,011 3.2 2.8 3.7 3.5 29.2 27.7 19.4 17.8 67.0 68.8 24.6 24.8

26.1 26.1

.. .. .. ..

48 9 51.6 2.9

..

54.0

.. ..

9.5 ..

.. 4.9 21.7 ..

.. 2.2 20.8 ..

–0.2 .. 49.2 46.1 8.7 9.5 131.6

–1.7 .. 58.8 53.3 8.6 4.4 133.8

7.4

6.5

36.3 2,400 19 283 65 2.98

.. 2,606 16 523 137 1.44

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

East Asia & Pacific 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

1,805.7 1,885.5 997.4 1,063.4 3.6 4.2 907 1,630 6.0 8.4 14.9 12.6 44.5 46.3 30.7 32.1 40.6 41.1 36.1 31.8

45.9 40.8

.. .. .. ..

50 9 40.1 2.6

..

43.9

.. 6.3

12.1 ..

18,385 2.6 30.7 17.0

13,543 3.2 36.7 24.8

–2.6 .. 45.8 47.9 .. .. 101.3

–1.9 .. 60.8 66.6 .. .. 101.1

6.9

5.5

20.0 885 .. 151 19 4.32

.. 1,343 11 496 89 1.16

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with government officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and medium-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — — Private sector investment Investment in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes) The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2005

2007

9

Europe & Central Asia 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with government officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and medium-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — — Private sector investment Investment in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

10

2007

2005

471.8 212.8 10.6 2,060 2.6 9.7 32.7 18.6 57.5

471.8 219.1 9.9 4,143 5.4 8.0 32.2 18.0 59.8

40.6 39.4

41.1 40.5

.. .. .. ..

31 9 25.1 3.7

..

58.2

.. ..

7.7 ..

25,303 3.2 21.1 17.1

34,045 3.5 20.5 16.5

0.5 .. 25.3 23.9 11.1 11.1 22.0

2.2 .. 32.8 30.3 10.5 4.2 29.7

8.4

6.0

67.4 3,353 12 317 30 2.92

.. 3,637 13 898 190 1.51

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

Latin America & Caribbean 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

514.9 227.3 9.1 3,679 3.1 6.6 29.8 19.1 63.6

550.8 252.9 9.6 4,045 2.3 7.5 33.7 .. 58.8

20.8 21.7

25.8 22.9

.. .. .. ..

77 10 61.2 3.3

..

49.4

.. ..

7.4 ..

40,754 4.1 20.1 17.9

22,500 2.9 19.3 16.5

–1.3 .. 42.0 37.7 9.6 7.5 29.2

.. .. 32.5 31.2 9.5 3.1 27.8

8.5

7.8

23.1 1,585 6 266 38 2.47

.. 1,674 16 496 156 1.80

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with government officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and medium-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — — Private sector investment Investment in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes) The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2005

2007

11

Middle East & North Africa 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with government officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and medium-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — — Private sector investment Investment in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

12

2007

2005

278.3 90.6 14.6 1,666 4.4 12.1 44.1 12.3 43.9

306.0 108.3 14.8 2,198 4.1 12.0 40.2 14.2 47.7

28.4 26.2

37.1 35.7

.. .. .. ..

40 10 51.6 2.8

..

43.8

.. ..

18.4 ..

4,115 1.3 21.4 13.3

6,695 2.4 23.2 14.9

–0.4 .. 51.2 47.4 .. .. 39.1

.. .. 60.0 60.7 .. .. 39.9

4.8

4.8

66.4 1,079 12 110 9 4.06

.. 1,289 10 389 89 1.66

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

South Asia 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

1,351.3 1,469.8 525.8 585.0 4.5 5.4 443 692 5.4 6.5 23.9 19.1 25.7 27.0 15.5 15.9 50.4 53.9 14.7 16.2

20.0 24.6

.. .. .. ..

33 8 71.5 3.6

..

45.1

.. 0.3

6.1 ..

3,524 0.7 22.2 15.8

13,704 1.0 26.2 19.7

–4.0 69.6 28.0 33.3 4.9 19.5 27.7

–3.2 57.2 34.8 42.5 6.3 10.1 38.7

6.9

5.9

30.8 362 130 31 5 3.48

30.3 414 .. 119 49 2.02

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with government officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and medium-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — — Private sector investment Investment in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes) The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2005

2007

13

Sub-Saharan Africa 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with government officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and medium-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — — Private sector investment Investment in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

2005

662.9 271.7 .. 488 3.3 18.3 31.3 13.3 50.4

743.1 306.0 .. 746 4.3 16.7 31.8 14.0 51.6

32.1 30.8

32.7 34.6

.. .. .. ..

62 11 71.2 3.0

..

71.2

.. ..

9.6 ..

2,137 2.0 16.9 12.5

5,426 2.7 18.7 13.4

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 21.2 21.2 .. .. 61.4

.. .. 21.0 20.6 .. .. 64.9

13.6

12.2

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

12.1 499 30 31 5 5.88

.. 550 58 142 29 2.43

14

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The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

Income group tables For operational and analytical purposes the World Bank’s main criterion for classifying economies is gross national income (GNI) per capita. Every economy is classified as low income, middle income (subdivided into lower middle and upper middle), or high income. Low- and middle-income economies are sometimes referred to as developing economies. The use of the term is convenient; it is not intended to imply that all economies in the group are experiencing similar development or that other economies have reached a preferred or final stage of development. Classification by income does not necessarily reflect development status. Low-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of $875 or less in 2005. Middle-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of more than $875 but less than $10,726. Lower-middle-income and upper-middle-income economies are separated at a GNI per capita of $3,465. High-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of $10,726 or more. The aggregate Europe EMU includes the member states of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) of the European Union that have adopted the euro as their currency: Austria, Belgium, Finland, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovenia, and Spain.

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

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Low income 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with government officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and medium-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — — Private sector investment Investment in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

16

2007

2005

2,145.2 2,352.4 862.2 965.3 .. .. 382 585 5.0 6.1 26.5 21.5 26.4 28.3 14.0 15.2 47.2 50.2 19.7 21.0

24.9 29.0

.. .. .. ..

59 10 65.3 3.1

..

70.5

.. ..

9.8 ..

4,949 1.2 21.4 14.5

18,981 1.5 25.3 18.2

–3.7 .. 16.7 18.0 .. .. 24.6

–3.2 .. 18.0 20.5 .. .. 33.9

13.1

11.7

13.3 327 60 25 3 5.93

.. 375 39 114 44 1.99

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

Middle income 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2,939.7 3,074.5 1,463.4 1,569.4 5.9 6.6 1,724 2,647 4.0 5.2 9.9 9.3 36.3 37.9 22.6 23.0 53.8 52.8 30.2 28.7

35.8 32.9

.. .. .. ..

51 10 48.7 3.2

..

48.6

.. ..

9.2 ..

89,270 3.1 23.5 17.0

76,933 3.1 25.1 18.8

.. .. 42.0 39.7 9.6 10.9 55.0

.. .. 43.7 42.5 9.3 4.6 58.3

7.8

6.5

46.3 1,490 10 204 25 2.94

.. 1,840 13 590 115 1.65

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with government officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and medium-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — — Private sector investment Investment in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes) The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2005

2007

17

Lower middle income 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with government officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and medium-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — — Private sector investment Investment in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

18

2007

2005

2,357.5 2,474.6 1,210.1 1,301.1 5.0 5.9 1,243 1,923 4.5 6.3 12.6 11.5 39.1 41.9 25.3 26.6 48.3 46.6 26.2 25.2

34.2 31.2

.. .. .. ..

57 10 51.3 3.2

..

50.0

.. ..

10.0 ..

44,657 3.1 26.1 17.3

35,363 3.1 29.1 20.6

.. .. 35.2 35.0 9.8 12.3 69.0

–1.7 .. 39.6 41.2 10.2 7.2 73.1

8.4

7.5

46.3 1,069 16 167 17 3.29

.. 1,448 22 511 95 2.08

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

Upper middle income 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

582.2 253.3 10.2 3,676 3.4 6.2 32.6 19.3 61.2

599.8 268.3 9.8 5,634 3.5 6.2 32.1 19.0 61.7

35.4 33.3

38.0 35.2

.. .. .. ..

42 9 44.6 3.2

..

46.5

.. ..

7.9 ..

44,613 3.2 20.1 16.5

41,570 3.1 19.9 16.2

.. .. 50.4 45.4 8.7 7.2 37.2

.. .. 48.5 44.0 8.7 2.5 38.8

6.9

6.0

50.5 3,197 2 352 55 2.48

.. 3,454 2 901 196 1.06

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with government officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and medium-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — — Private sector investment Investment in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes) The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2005

2007

19

Low and middle income 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with government officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and medium-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — — Private sector investment Investment in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

20

2007

2005

5,084.9 5,426.9 2,325.6 2,534.7 5.5 6.4 1,158 1,753 4.1 5.3 12.2 11.1 34.9 36.5 21.1 21.8 52.9 52.4 28.8 27.6

34.3 32.4

.. .. .. ..

54 10 54.7 3.2

..

56.4

.. ..

9.4 ..

94,219 2.9 23.2 16.6

95,914 2.9 25.1 18.7

.. .. 32.9 31.8 9.5 11.5 51.0

.. .. 34.2 34.3 9.7 7.3 54.9

8.5

7.4

29.3 1,025 20 128 16 3.68

.. 1,243 19 382 84 1.81

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

Europe EMU 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

305.1 140.6 9.0 22,247 2.8 2.5 27.8 20.2 69.7

313.9 147.2 9.2 32,098 1.3 1.9 26.4 18.5 71.7

36.6 35.9

37.2 35.7

.. .. .. ..

22 8 44.3 1.3

..

56.0

.. ..

8.9 ..

.. 10.2 21.4 ..

.. 3.2 20.1 ..

0.1 60.0 110.3 92.0 6.4 2.6 98.0

–2.0 69.2 119.2 99.8 5.0 2.0 110.5

4.5

4.3

99.5 6,418 1 1,146 231 0.81

100.0 6,869 1 1,511 439 0.73

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with government officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and medium-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — — Private sector investment Investment in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes) The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2005

2007

21

High income 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with government officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and medium-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — — Private sector investment Investment in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

22

2007

2005

974.7 1,010.8 471.4 492.8 5.9 6.4 26,585 35,264 3.0 2.2 1.9 1.7 28.0 25.9 19.0 17.0 70.2 72.4 23.7 24.2

24.5 24.9

.. .. .. ..

21 7 38.4 1.8

..

43.8

.. ..

9.6 ..

.. 5.4 21.4 ..

.. 2.1 20.0 ..

0.2 56.6 98.1 89.0 6.8 3.4 150.6

–2.0 48.7 113.2 95.3 5.8 1.5 156.3

4.2

4.3

91.8 9,318 1 1,093 319 0.83

100.0 9,609 1 1,338 527 0.76

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

Country tables China Unless otherwise noted, data for China do not include data for Hong Kong, China; Taiwan, China; or Macao, China.

Serbia and Montenegro Although Montenegro declared independence from Serbia and Montenegro on June 3, 2006, this edition of The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development lists and shows data for Serbia and Montenegro together; any exceptions are noted. Data for most indicators exclude Kosovo, a territory within Serbia that is currently under international administration pursuant to UN Security Council Resolution 1244 (1999).

Timor-Leste Data for Indonesia include Timor-Leste through 1999 unless otherwise noted.

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

23

Afghanistan South Asia

Low income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — — Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

24

2007

2005

Lowincome group 2005

.. 8.0 .. .. .. 49.8 20.1 15.1 30.1 .. 61.6 32.9 66.2

.. 10.2 .. .. 12.0 36.1 24.5 14.9 39.4 .. 49.5 12.4 55.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

162 8 3 4.3 .. .. 36.3 .. .. ..

70 .. 28.3 1.2

80 .. 24.3 8.1

18,981 1.5 25.3 18.2

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

0.9 9.4 .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

–3.2 .. 18.0 20.5 .. .. 33.9

13.3 .. .. 1 0 ..

23.7 .. .. 44 1 0.39

13.3 375 39 114 44 1.99

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2,352 965 .. 585 6.1 21.5 28.3 15.2 50.2 24.9 29.0

59 10 65.3 3.1 70.5 9.8 ..

Albania Europe & Central Asia

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

3.1 1.3 22.7 1,180 5.2 29.1 19.0 11.4 51.9 0.1 143.7 17.6 37.5

3.1 1.4 15.2 2,570 5.3 22.8 21.5 12.3 55.7 2.4 99.9 21.8 45.9

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

120 39 11 64.3 4.0 10.4 55.8 .. 5.8 12.3

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Anticompetitive or informal practices Tax rates Electricity Corruption Tax administration

Lower middleincome group 2005 2,475 1,301 5.9 1,923 6.3 11.5 41.9 26.6 46.6 34.2 31.2

57 10 51.3 3.2 50.0 10.0 ..

46.8 40.9 34.5 31.0 29.1

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

110 3.9 26.5 19.9

1,089 3.1 23.6 19.0

35,363 3.1 29.1 20.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–6.7 51.9 31.9 40.3 .. .. 4.6 17.0 13.8

–3.0 .. .. .. .. .. 14.9 9.3 8.0

–1.7 .. 39.6 41.2 10.2 7.2 73.1

39.0 1,198 44 60 1 4.59

.. 1,200 194 493 60 1.34

46.3 1,448 22 511 95 2.08

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

25

Algeria Middle East & North Africa

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Access to and cost of financing Anticompetitive or informal practices Tax rates Economic and regulatory policy uncertainty Access to land

2005

30.5 11.1 27.3 1,610 3.2 8.9 58.6 7.5 32.5 0.3 75.3 41.2 21.4

32.9 13.4 20.1 2,730 5.2 8.5 61.5 5.6 30.1 1.6 73.3 47.6 23.5

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 18.8

116 24 14 17.0 2.5 .. 76.4 .. 14.7 ..

Lower middleincome group 2005 2,475 1,301 5.9 1,923 6.3 11.5 41.9 26.6 46.6 34.2 31.2

57 10 51.3 3.2 50.0 10.0 ..

62.5 60.1 44.8 39.0 37.5

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

369 0.8 20.7 12.9

2,182 1.1 23.8 14.1

35,363 3.1 29.1 20.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

9.7 62.1 33.3 26.5 .. .. 6.0 –11.7 2.5

.. .. 41.4 45.1 .. .. 11.8 –7.0 6.3

–1.7 .. 39.6 41.2 10.2 7.2 73.1

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

68.9 696 12 61 5 3.67

70.2 812 .. 494 58 2.08

46.3 1,448 22 511 95 2.08

26

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

American Samoa East Asia & Pacific

Upper middle income Upper middleincome group 2005

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

0.06 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

41,570 3.1 19.9 16.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. 48.5 44.0 8.7 2.5 38.8

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

.. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. 221 .. ..

50.5 3,454 2 901 196 1.06

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

600 268 9.8 5,634 3.5 6.2 32.1 19.0 61.7 38.0 35.2

42 9 44.6 3.2 46.5 7.9 ..

27

Andorra High income Highincome group 2005

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

0.07 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. 2.1 20.0 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

–2.0 48.7 113.2 95.3 5.8 1.5 156.3

.. .. .. .. .. 2.30

.. .. .. 1,511 331 ..

100.0 9,609 1 1,338 527 0.76

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

28

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,011 493 6.4 35,264 2.2 1.7 25.9 17.0 72.4 24.5 24.9

21 7 38.4 1.8 43.8 9.6 ..

Angola Sub-Saharan Africa

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

13.8 6.1 .. 430 6.3 5.7 72.1 2.9 22.2 325.0 10.0 89.6 62.8

15.9 7.0 .. 1,410 9.9 7.2 74.0 3.6 18.7 23.0 87.2 73.5 48.3

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

156 124 13 58.5 6.2 .. 64.4 .. .. ..

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Electricity Corruption Access to and cost of financing Transportation system Anticompetitive or informal practices Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

2005

Lower middleincome group 2005 2,475 1,301 5.9 1,923 6.3 11.5 41.9 26.6 46.6 34.2 31.2

57 10 51.3 3.2 50.0 10.0 ..

34.5 12.5 11.6 7.5 6.9 68 9.6 15.1 8.9

120 –4.0 7.5 2.8

35,363 3.1 29.1 20.6

.. .. 1.3 15.1 10.6 10.4 2.0 –60.8 63.6

.. .. .. .. 11.3 13.3 4.8 16.9 54.3

–1.7 .. 39.6 41.2 10.2 7.2 73.1

10.4 89 .. 7 1 9.32

.. 124 .. 75 11 3.23

46.3 1,448 22 511 95 2.08

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

29

Antigua and Barbuda High income Highincome group 2005

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

0.08 .. .. 8,190 4.6 3.9 19.8 2.3 76.3 .. 2.7 67.6 73.2

0.08 .. .. 10,500 3.8 3.7 20.3 2.1 76.0 .. 2.7 61.9 69.5

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 40 .. ..

33 21 7 52.3 3.0 .. 48.5 35 .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. .. 27.6 23.0

.. .. .. ..

.. 2.1 20.0 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. 71.4 11.3 7.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. 70.4 10.6 7.5

–2.0 48.7 113.2 95.3 5.8 1.5 156.3

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

33.0 .. .. 788 65 5.90

.. .. .. 1,130 350 ..

100.0 9,609 1 1,338 527 0.76

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

30

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,011 493 6.4 35,264 2.2 1.7 25.9 17.0 72.4 24.5 24.9

21 7 38.4 1.8 43.8 9.6 ..

Argentina Latin America & Caribbean

Upper middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Economic and regulatory policy uncertainty Access to and cost of financing Labor regulations Tax rates Anticompetitive or informal practices Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

2005

36.9 16.2 15.0 7,470 2.7 5.0 27.6 17.5 67.4 –0.9 1.0 10.9 11.5

38.7 18.4 15.6 4,470 2.2 9.4 35.6 23.2 55.0 9.6 2.9 24.6 19.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 35 .. 24.5

101 32 15 138.7 2.8 .. 116.8 35 11.0 ..

Upper middleincome group 2005 600 268 9.8 5,634 3.5 6.2 32.1 19.0 61.7 38.0 35.2

42 9 44.6 3.2 46.5 7.9 ..

16.5 15.7 15.4 14.4 12.1 4,863 3.7 16.2 14.8

1,044 2.6 21.5 19.9

41,570 3.1 19.9 16.2

–5.7 .. 33.8 27.2 .. 16.0 23.9 9.9 2.7

–0.5 .. 32.0 21.3 13.0 5.2 11.7 –2.5 2.4

.. .. 48.5 44.0 8.7 2.5 38.8

29.4 2,087 .. 390 70 2.77

30.0 2,301 .. 797 177 ..

50.5 3,454 2 901 196 1.06

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

31

Armenia Europe & Central Asia

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Tax administration Tax rates Access to and cost of financing Anticompetitive or informal practices Customs and trade regulations; corruption

2005

3.1 1.3 36.4 660 5.1 25.5 35.4 24.1 39.0 –0.8 539.5 23.4 50.5

3.0 1.3 .. 1,470 12.4 20.5 44.3 20.5 35.2 0.6 457.7 26.9 39.9

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

34 24 9 13.0 1.9 2.3 42.5 .. 7.5 33.1

Lower middleincome group 2005 2,475 1,301 5.9 1,923 6.3 11.5 41.9 26.6 46.6 34.2 31.2

57 10 51.3 3.2 50.0 10.0 ..

43.8 37.8 24.9 20.3 19.8

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

50 5.5 18.4 ..

132 5.3 29.3 17.6

35,363 3.1 29.1 20.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 10.8 7.9 14.3 17.5 9.9 33.4 13.5

–1.0 .. 7.8 8.6 21.5 6.9 8.0 14.4 12.2

–1.7 .. 39.6 41.2 10.2 7.2 73.1

96.3 1,292 3 179 13 5.34

100.0 1,428 1 260 53 2.42

46.3 1,448 22 511 95 2.08

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

32

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

Aruba High income Highincome group 2005

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

.. .. 7.4 .. 4.4 .. .. .. .. 4.0 1.8 69.9 91.2

0.10 .. .. .. –0.8 .. .. .. .. 3.4 1.8 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. –6.6 .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. 2.1 20.0 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 44.9 47.7 .. .. 45.2 7.7 5.9

.. .. .. .. .. .. 57.0 9.8 7.6

–2.0 48.7 113.2 95.3 5.8 1.5 156.3

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

.. .. .. .. .. 2.90

.. .. .. .. .. ..

100.0 9,609 1 1,338 527 0.76

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

1,011 493 6.4 35,264 2.2 1.7 25.9 17.0 72.4 24.5 24.9

21 7 38.4 1.8 43.8 9.6 ..

33

Australia High income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

Highincome group 2005

19.2 9.5 5.9 20,720 4.1 4.0 26.1 12.7 70.0 4.5 1.7 22.4 22.3

20.3 10.3 5.4 33,120 3.2 3.3 27.0 12.4 69.6 2.7 1.3 18.4 21.2

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 34 .. ..

8 2 2 4.0 1.0 .. 52.2 30 11.2 63.2

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. 3.4 22.0 ..

.. –4.7 25.5 ..

.. 2.1 20.0 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

1.9 28.4 90.0 64.2 6.9 0.5 84.1 4.2 5.1

1.1 21.4 101.7 73.0 5.9 0.2 104.6 4.2 5.4

–2.0 48.7 113.2 95.3 5.8 1.5 156.3

38.7 10,055 .. 987 345 0.67

.. 11,193 .. 1,470 698 ..

100.0 9,609 1 1,338 527 0.76

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

34

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,011 493 6.4 35,264 2.2 1.7 25.9 17.0 72.4 24.5 24.9

21 7 38.4 1.8 43.8 9.6 ..

Austria High income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

Highincome group 2005

8.0 3.9 3.6 26,010 2.9 2.1 30.9 20.3 67.0 2.4 1.1 45.4 44.1

8.2 4.0 4.9 37,190 1.5 1.5 30.7 19.9 67.8 2.3 0.8 53.2 47.8

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 34 .. ..

30 29 9 56.3 1.1 .. 56.1 34 7.5 30.9

.. 4.4 22.8 ..

.. 3.0 20.8 ..

.. 2.1 20.0 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–1.9 64.4 120.8 79.3 5.2 2.4 101.7 5.0 3.4

–2.0 66.6 119.1 82.4 7.4 2.2 112.9 .. ..

–2.0 48.7 113.2 95.3 5.8 1.5 156.3

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

100.0 7,107 .. 1,262 337 1.19

100.0 7,850 .. 1,441 486 0.71

100.0 9,609 1 1,338 527 0.76

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — — Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

1,011 493 6.4 35,264 2.2 1.7 25.9 17.0 72.4 24.5 24.9

21 7 38.4 1.8 43.8 9.6 ..

35

Azerbaijan Europe & Central Asia

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Tax administration Tax rates Corruption Access to and cost of financing Anticompetitive or informal practices

2005

8.0 3.7 .. 610 7.3 17.1 45.3 5.6 37.5 1.9 0.9 39.0 38.4

8.4 4.1 .. 1,240 12.7 10.0 62.3 7.8 27.7 9.5 0.9 57.4 53.8

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 27 .. ..

99 53 15 21.7 2.7 5.2 44.9 24 7.2 6.0

Lower middleincome group 2005 2,475 1,301 5.9 1,923 6.3 11.5 41.9 26.6 46.6 34.2 31.2

57 10 51.3 3.2 50.0 10.0 ..

24.9 22.9 20.1 12.0 10.0

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

61 2.5 23.1 20.1

123 13.4 36.0 31.9

35,363 3.1 29.1 20.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–4.7 .. .. .. .. 28.0 5.9 6.4 6.8

.. .. .. .. 14.2 7.2 10.0 6.1 8.5

–1.7 .. 39.6 41.2 10.2 7.2 73.1

92.3 2,040 52 152 1 7.10

49.4 2,437 13 397 81 4.18

46.3 1,448 22 511 95 2.08

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

36

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

Bahamas, The High income Highincome group 2005

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

0.30 0.14 6.9 15,380 4.2 .. .. .. .. 1.0 1.0 .. ..

0.32 0.16 10.3 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1.6 1.0 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0 .. ..

.. 5.0 .. ..

.. 3.5 .. ..

.. 2.1 20.0 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

0.4 30.3 .. .. .. .. 72.3 1.8 1.9

–1.8 .. .. .. .. .. 82.2 .. 2.3

–2.0 48.7 113.2 95.3 5.8 1.5 156.3

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

57.4 .. .. 484 44 2.40

.. .. .. 1,023 319 ..

100.0 9,609 1 1,338 527 0.76

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — — Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

1,011 493 6.4 35,264 2.2 1.7 25.9 17.0 72.4 24.5 24.9

21 7 38.4 1.8 43.8 9.6 ..

37

Bahrain High income Highincome group 2005

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

0.67 0.31 5.2 10,390 4.3 .. .. .. .. –0.7 0.4 89.4 64.4

0.73 0.34 .. 14,370 5.9 .. .. .. .. 2.6 0.4 82.4 64.2

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0 .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. .. 13.5 ..

.. .. 21.6 ..

.. 2.1 20.0 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

10.3 29.3 55.6 74.8 .. .. 54.8 –2.3 5.9

8.3 29.9 .. .. .. .. 65.1 –1.6 4.8

–2.0 48.7 113.2 95.3 5.8 1.5 156.3

77.6 8,542 .. 561 60 3.39

79.1 10,857 .. 1,301 213 1.74

100.0 9,609 1 1,338 527 0.76

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

38

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,011 493 6.4 35,264 2.2 1.7 25.9 17.0 72.4 24.5 24.9

21 7 38.4 1.8 43.8 9.6 ..

Bangladesh South Asia

Low income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Electricity Corruption Access to and cost of financing Tax administration Economic and regulatory policy uncertainty

2005

128.9 57.3 3.3 390 5.2 25.5 25.3 15.2 49.2 2.2 52.1 14.0 19.2

141.8 63.9 4.3 470 5.4 20.1 27.2 16.5 52.6 7.0 64.3 16.6 23.0

.. .. .. .. .. 3.7 .. .. .. ..

88 37 8 51.0 4.0 .. 40.3 .. .. 1.3

Lowincome group 2005 2,352 965 .. 585 6.1 21.5 28.3 15.2 50.2 24.9 29.0

59 10 65.3 3.1 70.5 9.8 ..

72.9 57.6 56.7 49.7 44.3

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

93 0.6 23.0 15.6

716 1.3 24.5 18.3

18,981 1.5 25.3 18.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–0.7 36.2 30.0 27.2 3.5 34.9 24.7 13.4 6.9

–0.7 36.2 35.9 33.6 3.8 15.3 31.5 8.5 5.9

–3.2 .. 18.0 20.5 .. .. 33.9

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

9.5 104 249 6 1 4.14

9.5 140 .. 71 3 2.02

13.3 375 39 114 44 1.99

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

39

Barbados Latin America & Caribbean

Upper middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

Upper middleincome group 2005

0.27 0.15 9.4 8,670 4.0 4.3 16.3 6.4 79.4 2.4 2.0 50.5 57.0

0.27 0.16 9.8 .. .. 3.6 16.5 6.9 80.0 6.1 2.0 58.4 68.6

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 40 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 36 .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

38 0.8 18.4 16.2

63 2.0 19.0 18.0

41,570 3.1 19.9 16.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 65.7 65.5 .. .. 57.3 7.5 5.2

3.7 .. .. .. .. .. 64.9 .. 6.0

.. .. 48.5 44.0 8.7 2.5 38.8

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

98.6 .. .. 572 38 4.05

100.0 .. .. 1,265 594 1.95

50.5 3,454 2 901 196 1.06

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

40

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

600 268 9.8 5,634 3.5 6.2 32.1 19.0 61.7 38.0 35.2

42 9 44.6 3.2 46.5 7.9 ..

Belarus Europe & Central Asia

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Access to and cost of financing Economic and regulatory policy uncertainty Tax rates Business licensing and permits Tax administration Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

2005

10.0 9.8 4.8 4.8 .. .. 1,380 2,760 6.7 7.5 14.2 9.5 39.2 41.2 31.6 32.9 46.7 49.3 168.6 10.3 876.8 2,153.8 60.0 61.1 63.5 60.4 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2.5

129 69 16 21.7 5.8 3.6 186.1 .. .. ..

Lower middleincome group 2005 2,475 1,301 5.9 1,923 6.3 11.5 41.9 26.6 46.6 34.2 31.2

57 10 51.3 3.2 50.0 10.0 ..

29.5 23.3 20.2 14.6 11.5 39 0.9 25.2 22.7

188 1.0 27.9 24.6

35,363 3.1 29.1 20.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

0.1 15.0 11.3 9.3 15.1 10.8 8.9 –41.2 30.1

0.2 .. 18.5 13.0 19.8 1.9 16.2 –4.5 2.1

–1.7 .. 39.6 41.2 10.2 7.2 73.1

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

95.6 2,989 1 280 19 3.28

87.0 3,144 1 755 347 1.90

46.3 1,448 22 511 95 2.08

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

41

Belgium High income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

Highincome group 2005

10.3 4.4 6.6 25,360 2.7 1.4 27.0 19.3 71.6 2.5 1.1 84.6 81.7

10.5 4.5 7.4 36,140 1.5 1.0 24.0 17.3 74.9 2.8 0.8 87.1 84.8

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 39 .. ..

20 27 4 16.0 0.9 .. 70.1 33 7.0 66.2

.. 92.7 20.8 ..

.. 8.6 19.9 ..

.. 2.1 20.0 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

0.1 106.5 130.3 84.3 2.8 2.8 78.1 6.1 4.4

–0.1 88.7 106.0 94.8 2.7 2.0 75.1 4.4 5.2

–2.0 48.7 113.2 95.3 5.8 1.5 156.3

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

78.2 8,247 .. 1,040 293 1.67

78.0 8,576 1 1,337 458 0.75

100.0 9,609 1 1,338 527 0.76

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — — Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

42

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,011 493 6.4 35,264 2.2 1.7 25.9 17.0 72.4 24.5 24.9

21 7 38.4 1.8 43.8 9.6 ..

Belize Latin America & Caribbean

Upper middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

Upper middleincome group 2005

0.25 0.09 9.1 3,090 5.6 17.0 21.1 10.9 61.8 0.6 2.0 53.0 73.3

0.29 0.12 .. 3,570 5.8 14.1 17.7 9.1 68.2 3.6 2.0 55.3 62.8

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

56 45 9 24.0 1.0 .. 31.7 .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

18 2.8 28.7 11.6

30 11.4 18.8 ..

41,570 3.1 19.9 16.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–2.9 .. .. .. .. .. 52.8 14.7 8.3

.. .. .. .. .. .. 64.0 12.5 6.5

.. .. 48.5 44.0 8.7 2.5 38.8

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

17.0 .. .. 210 60 4.45

.. .. .. 433 130 2.59

50.5 3,454 2 901 196 1.06

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

600 268 9.8 5,634 3.5 6.2 32.1 19.0 61.7 38.0 35.2

42 9 44.6 3.2 46.5 7.9 ..

43

Benin Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Tax rates Tax administration Access to and cost of financing Corruption Anticompetitive or informal practices

2005

7.2 2.8 .. 340 5.3 36.5 13.9 8.8 49.6 4.2 712.0 15.2 28.1

8.4 3.3 .. 510 4.0 32.2 13.4 7.5 54.4 5.4 527.5 13.5 26.1

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

137 31 7 35.8 4.0 6.5 68.5 .. .. ..

Lowincome group 2005 2,352 965 .. 585 6.1 21.5 28.3 15.2 50.2 24.9 29.0

59 10 65.3 3.1 70.5 9.8 ..

86.8 85.3 82.7 81.7 70.6

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

90 3.0 18.9 11.3

6 0.5 18.9 12.2

18,981 1.5 25.3 18.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 12.2 14.5 .. .. 12.1 .. ..

–10.3 .. 15.1 17.1 .. .. 16.6 .. ..

–3.2 .. 18.0 20.5 .. .. 33.9

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

20.0 55 .. 15 2 5.93

9.5 67 77 98 50 4.80

13.3 375 39 114 44 1.99

44

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

Bermuda High income Highincome group 2005

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

0.06 .. .. 35,990 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1.0 .. ..

0.06 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1.0 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0 .. 71.7

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. 2.1 20.0 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

–2.0 48.7 113.2 95.3 5.8 1.5 156.3

.. .. .. 1,112 435 3.50

.. .. .. .. 664 ..

100.0 9,609 1 1,338 527 0.76

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

1,011 493 6.4 35,264 2.2 1.7 25.9 17.0 72.4 24.5 24.9

21 7 38.4 1.8 43.8 9.6 ..

45

Bhutan South Asia

Low income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

Lowincome group 2005

0.60 0.21 .. 720 6.1 28.4 35.2 8.5 36.4 4.0 44.9 29.4 46.9

0.64 0.25 3.1 1,250 7.5 24.7 37.3 7.3 38.0 5.3 44.1 27.2 54.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

138 62 10 94.7 .. .. 43.0 .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. 0.0 47.4 ..

.. 0.1 61.1 ..

18,981 1.5 25.3 18.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–2.4 38.4 9.4 37.5 .. .. 8.7 9.3 7.8

1.9 72.4 .. .. .. .. 17.5 6.3 9.5

–3.2 .. 18.0 20.5 .. .. 33.9

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

60.7 .. .. 23 4 1.19

62.0 .. .. 111 39 0.66

13.3 375 39 114 44 1.99

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

46

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2,352 965 .. 585 6.1 21.5 28.3 15.2 50.2 24.9 29.0

59 10 65.3 3.1 70.5 9.8 ..

Bolivia Latin America & Caribbean

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

8.3 3.6 4.8 1,000 3.5 15.0 29.8 15.3 55.2 4.6 6.2 18.3 27.3

9.2 4.2 .. 1,010 3.0 15.0 31.9 14.3 53.2 5.4 8.1 36.4 32.8

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 25 .. ..

131 50 15 99.5 1.8 .. 80.3 25 7.7 ..

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Economic and regulatory policy uncertainty Anticompetitive or informal practices Corruption Access to and cost of financing Electricity

Lower middleincome group 2005 2,475 1,301 5.9 1,923 6.3 11.5 41.9 26.6 46.6 34.2 31.2

57 10 51.3 3.2 50.0 10.0 ..

30.3 28.1 8.0 7.3 4.5

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

323 8.8 17.9 12.8

170 –3.0 12.8 7.1

35,363 3.1 29.1 20.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–8.7 .. 54.1 47.0 9.8 10.3 58.7 27.9 23.6

–3.8 .. 36.2 39.1 11.3 11.2 40.7 11.5 11.7

–1.7 .. 39.6 41.2 10.2 7.2 73.1

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

6.6 421 .. 131 14 2.43

7.0 435 .. 334 52 ..

46.3 1,448 22 511 95 2.08

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

47

Bosnia and Herzegovina Europe & Central Asia

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Access to and cost of financing Economic and regulatory policy uncertainty Corruption Anticompetitive or informal practices Legal system and conflict resolution

2005

3.8 2.0 .. 1,420 24.9 11.7 25.5 11.2 62.7 .. 2.1 31.3 82.3

3.9 2.1 .. 2,700 5.0 10.1 25.3 11.6 64.6 .. 1.6 36.2 80.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

95 54 12 33.2 3.3 4.3 50.4 .. 5.8 3.8

Lower middleincome group 2005 2,475 1,301 5.9 1,923 6.3 11.5 41.9 26.6 46.6 34.2 31.2

57 10 51.3 3.2 50.0 10.0 ..

34.9 33.3 23.1 22.6 20.5

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. 2.9 21.2 10.8

60 3.0 19.2 9.4

35,363 3.1 29.1 20.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. 20.1 9.9 40.8 10.5 15.8

2.3 .. .. .. 15.0 5.3 47.9 7.8 6.0

–1.7 .. 39.6 41.2 10.2 7.2 73.1

52.3 1,980 4 227 10 2.96

.. 2,180 1 656 206 3.62

46.3 1,448 22 511 95 2.08

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

48

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

Botswana Sub-Saharan Africa

Upper middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

1.8 0.62 15.7 3,270 8.7 2.4 58.9 4.4 38.6 8.6 5.1 52.6 33.7

1.8 0.62 .. 5,590 5.9 2.3 53.3 3.9 44.4 8.6 5.1 50.7 34.6

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 15 .. ..

48 108 11 90.0 1.3 .. 53.3 15 .. 7.4

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Access to and cost of financing Anticompetitive or informal practices Crime and disorder Skills and education of available workers Access to land

Upper middleincome group 2005 600 268 9.8 5,634 3.5 6.2 32.1 19.0 61.7 38.0 35.2

42 9 44.6 3.2 46.5 7.9 ..

24.3 11.6 10.9 9.4 8.9

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

17 0.9 21.7 11.0

19 2.7 21.4 12.0

41,570 3.1 19.9 16.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 17.9 27.2 10.3 1.7 13.8 3.1 6.1

.. .. 19.8 27.1 9.7 2.8 19.0 6.4 6.5

.. .. 48.5 44.0 8.7 2.5 38.8

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

35.3 908 .. 192 14 3.64

36.5 1,325 .. 541 34 2.88

50.5 3,454 2 901 196 1.06

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

49

Brazil Latin America & Caribbean

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Tax rates Access to and cost of financing Economic and regulatory policy uncertainty Corruption Tax administration Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

50

2007

2005

173.9 83.4 9.3 3,590 2.0 7.3 28.0 .. 64.7 7.0 1.8 10.7 12.2

186.4 91.3 9.7 3,550 2.2 8.1 38.4 .. 53.5 6.9 2.4 16.8 12.4

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 15 .. 27.4

121 152 17 36.8 4.0 7.2 71.7 15 .. ..

Lower middleincome group 2005 2,475 1,301 5.9 1,923 6.3 11.5 41.9 26.6 46.6 34.2 31.2

57 10 51.3 3.2 50.0 10.0 ..

84.5 84.3 75.8 66.9 65.9 21,731 5.4 21.8 20.0

10,161 1.9 18.3 16.6

35,363 3.1 29.1 20.6

–0.9 .. 47.4 22.0 12.1 8.3 37.6 44.7 39.6

.. .. 44.9 22.1 9.2 4.4 34.8 44.9 37.8

–1.7 .. 39.6 41.2 10.2 7.2 73.1

5.5 1,897 .. 311 29 1.15

.. 1,955 4 587 195 0.71

46.3 1,448 22 511 95 2.08

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

Brunei Darussalam High income Highincome group 2005

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

0.33 0.15 .. .. 0.9 2.7 47.8 .. 49.5 1.6 1.7 .. ..

0.37 0.16 .. .. 2.9 .. .. .. .. 1.2 1.7 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. 2.1 20.0 ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. 69.9 4.2 ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. 60.0 –4.4 4.5

–2.0 48.7 113.2 95.3 5.8 1.5 156.3

34.7 7,539 .. 526 90 ..

78.1 7,616 .. 847 277 ..

100.0 9,609 1 1,338 527 0.76

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — — Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

2005

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

1,011 493 6.4 35,264 2.2 1.7 25.9 17.0 72.4 24.5 24.9

21 7 38.4 1.8 43.8 9.6 ..

51

Bulgaria Europe & Central Asia

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Access to and cost of financing Economic and regulatory policy uncertainty Anticompetitive or informal practices Tax rates Corruption

2005

8.1 3.2 16.3 1,600 –0.4 14.2 30.7 18.1 55.1 10.3 2.1 55.7 61.1

7.7 3.1 12.1 3,450 4.9 9.6 31.6 19.5 58.7 5.0 1.6 60.8 77.4

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 20 .. ..

54 32 9 8.7 3.3 2.8 40.7 20 .. 27.7

Lower middleincome group 2005 2,475 1,301 5.9 1,923 6.3 11.5 41.9 26.6 46.6 34.2 31.2

57 10 51.3 3.2 50.0 10.0 ..

31.1 27.4 26.1 20.4 18.4

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

157 7.9 15.7 11.6

2,217 9.8 23.8 18.5

35,363 3.1 29.1 20.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–0.4 .. 16.0 21.5 15.3 17.3 12.6 4.5 8.4

3.5 .. 36.3 34.3 10.5 1.7 44.5 3.8 4.8

–1.7 .. 39.6 41.2 10.2 7.2 73.1

92.1 3,724 4 449 53 2.55

99.0 3,939 3 1,128 206 0.57

46.3 1,448 22 511 95 2.08

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

52

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

Burkina Faso Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

11.3 4.9 .. 250 4.2 33.9 16.2 10.8 49.9 –0.3 712.0 9.1 25.3

13.2 5.8 .. 400 5.1 30.6 19.8 13.5 49.6 6.4 527.5 8.7 21.9

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

163 34 8 33.6 4.0 .. 51.1 .. .. ..

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Access to and cost of financing Electricity Tax rates Anticompetitive or informal practices Corruption

Lowincome group 2005 2,352 965 .. 585 6.1 21.5 28.3 15.2 50.2 24.9 29.0

59 10 65.3 3.1 70.5 9.8 ..

37.0 19.6 18.8 5.8 5.1

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

27 0.9 22.7 10.6

5 0.4 20.6 12.0

18,981 1.5 25.3 18.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 12.2 12.6 .. .. 11.8 .. ..

–4.1 .. 14.6 14.4 .. .. 17.3 .. ..

–3.2 .. 18.0 20.5 .. .. 33.9

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

16.0 .. .. 7 1 3.16

31.2 .. .. 51 5 1.14

13.3 375 39 114 44 1.99

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

53

Burundi Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Electricity Access to and cost of financing Economic and regulatory policy uncertainty Anticompetitive or informal practices Customs and trade regulations Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

54

2007

2005

6.5 7.5 3.1 3.8 .. .. 120 100 –0.7 2.2 40.4 34.8 18.8 20.0 8.7 8.8 40.8 45.1 24.3 13.0 720.7 1,081.6 7.7 8.5 21.2 36.3 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

166 43 11 26.0 4.0 .. 286.7 .. .. ..

Lowincome group 2005 2,352 965 .. 585 6.1 21.5 28.3 15.2 50.2 24.9 29.0

59 10 65.3 3.1 70.5 9.8 ..

40.7 16.0 14.3 6.4 3.8 36 1.6 6.1 0.8

6 0.1 11.8 3.0

18,981 1.5 25.3 18.2

–2.4 162.6 18.7 12.7 .. .. 24.2 2.3 ..

.. .. 22.7 17.7 .. .. 20.8 2.1 ..

–3.2 .. 18.0 20.5 .. .. 33.9

7.1 .. .. 6 1 7.35

10.4 .. .. 18 5 2.45

13.3 375 39 114 44 1.99

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

Cambodia East Asia & Pacific

Low income

Country data 2000

2005

Economic and social context Population (millions) 12.7 14.1 Labor force (millions) 5.8 6.8 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.5 0.8 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 280 430 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) 7.4 8.9 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 37.9 34.2 Industry value added (% of GDP) 23.0 26.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 16.9 19.1 Services value added (% of GDP) 39.1 39.1 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) –0.8 5.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 3,840.8 4,092.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 49.8 65.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 61.7 73.9 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Corruption Crime and disorder Economic and regulatory policy uncertainty Anticompetitive or informal practices Legal system and conflict resolution

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 20 .. ..

143 86 10 39.0 .. 8.6 22.3 20 .. ..

Lowincome group 2005 2,352 965 .. 585 6.1 21.5 28.3 15.2 50.2 24.9 29.0

59 10 65.3 3.1 70.5 9.8 ..

55.4 41.5 38.1 33.7 29.0

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

28 4.1 18.3 11.8

94 6.1 17.6 12.0

18,981 1.5 25.3 18.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–3.4 .. 5.9 8.1 .. .. 6.4 21.1 10.5

0.0 .. 8.6 14.5 .. .. 9.4 11.0 15.4

–3.2 .. 18.0 20.5 .. .. 33.9

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

16.2 .. .. 13 0 6.00

6.3 .. 5 40 3 2.94

13.3 375 39 114 44 1.99

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

55

Cameroon Sub-Saharan Africa

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

14.9 5.7 7.5 640 4.8 38.5 17.8 9.6 43.8 1.2 712.0 23.3 19.7

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) .. Time to start a business (days) .. Procedures to start a business (number) .. Firing cost (weeks of wages) .. Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) .. Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) .. Total tax rate (% of profit) .. Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) 39 Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) .. Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) .. Top-five investment climate constraints Tax rates Electricity Access to and cost of financing Anticompetitive or informal practices Tax administration; business licensing and permits; corruption Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

56

2007

2005 16.3 6.3 .. 1,000 3.7 41.1 14.1 7.2 44.8 2.0 527.5 23.2 25.4 152 37 12 32.5 3.2 .. 46.2 .. .. ..

Lower middleincome group 2005 2,475 1,301 5.9 1,923 6.3 11.5 41.9 26.6 46.6 34.2 31.2

57 10 51.3 3.2 50.0 10.0 ..

32.6 15.1 13.4 11.0 5.2

95 1.6 16.0 13.9

29 0.1 21.2 19.5

35,363 3.1 29.1 20.6

1.6 107.9 11.4 10.1 .. .. 8.2 18.1 17.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. 9.4 12.4 12.8

–1.7 .. 39.6 41.2 10.2 7.2 73.1

12.5 183 .. 13 3 3.25

10.0 207 .. 102 15 ..

46.3 1,448 22 511 95 2.08

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

Canada High income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

Highincome group 2005

30.8 16.3 6.8 21,810 4.3 2.3 33.7 19.5 64.0 2.7 1.5 46.1 40.3

32.3 17.6 7.2 32,590 2.5 .. .. .. .. 2.2 1.2 38.6 34.4

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 38 .. ..

4 3 2 28.0 0.8 .. 43.0 21 .. 69.5

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. 9.3 19.4 ..

.. 3.1 20.4 ..

.. 2.1 20.0 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

1.5 60.8 72.0 67.2 4.7 1.3 97.1 3.0 3.8

1.7 48.7 79.3 74.6 4.5 0.5 181.4 1.2 3.6

–2.0 48.7 113.2 95.3 5.8 1.5 156.3

.. 16,986 .. 961 422 1.20

.. 17,156 .. 1,080 520 ..

100.0 9,609 1 1,338 527 0.76

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

1,011 493 6.4 35,264 2.2 1.7 25.9 17.0 72.4 24.5 24.9

21 7 38.4 1.8 43.8 9.6 ..

57

Cape Verde Sub-Saharan Africa

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Electricity Access to and cost of financing Tax rates Anticompetitive or informal practices Skills and education of available workers

2005

0.45 0.14 .. 1,280 6.6 12.0 17.9 9.3 70.2 –2.5 119.7 27.5 61.4

0.51 0.16 .. 1,930 5.0 6.8 19.7 8.0 73.4 0.4 88.7 31.7 66.3

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

125 52 12 91.0 .. .. 54.4 .. .. ..

Lower middleincome group 2005 2,475 1,301 5.9 1,923 6.3 11.5 41.9 26.6 46.6 34.2 31.2

57 10 51.3 3.2 50.0 10.0 ..

35.7 16.3 13.3 13.3 4.1

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

48 6.3 19.7 7.2

.. 5.5 18.7 8.9

35,363 3.1 29.1 20.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 46.9 49.2 .. .. 30.4 13.3 7.6

.. .. 55.4 58.8 .. .. 39.0 11.9 8.9

–1.7 .. 39.6 41.2 10.2 7.2 73.1

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

69.0 .. .. 165 18 4.66

.. .. .. 302 49 6.08

46.3 1,448 22 511 95 2.08

58

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

Cayman Islands High income Highincome group 2005

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

.. .. 4.1 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.8 .. ..

0.05 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.8 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0 .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. 2.1 20.0 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

–2.0 48.7 113.2 95.3 5.8 1.5 156.3

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

.. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. ..

100.0 9,609 1 1,338 527 0.76

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

1,011 493 6.4 35,264 2.2 1.7 25.9 17.0 72.4 24.5 24.9

21 7 38.4 1.8 43.8 9.6 ..

59

Central African Republic Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

Lowincome group 2005

3.8 1.7 .. 270 3.0 55.2 20.0 9.4 24.8 3.2 712.0 13.2 16.3

4.0 1.8 .. 350 –1.4 53.9 21.4 .. 24.8 2.9 527.5 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

167 14 10 21.7 4.8 .. 209.5 .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. 0.1 10.8 3.7

.. 0.4 .. ..

18,981 1.5 25.3 18.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 7.4 3.8 .. .. 4.6 19.1 17.0

–0.5 .. 8.7 4.0 .. .. 6.7 15.0 12.8

–3.2 .. 18.0 20.5 .. .. 33.9

2.7 .. .. 4 1 13.31

.. .. .. 27 3 1.99

13.3 375 39 114 44 1.99

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

60

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2,352 965 .. 585 6.1 21.5 28.3 15.2 50.2 24.9 29.0

59 10 65.3 3.1 70.5 9.8 ..

Chad Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

Lowincome group 2005

8.2 3.2 .. 180 3.1 42.3 11.6 9.0 46.0 3.8 712.0 16.9 34.7

9.7 3.7 .. 400 14.5 22.7 51.2 4.7 26.1 7.9 527.5 58.9 39.3

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

172 75 19 35.8 10.0 .. 68.2 .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

5 8.3 20.9 10.5

.. 12.9 16.2 8.6

18,981 1.5 25.3 18.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 5.3 3.6 .. .. 3.5 16.4 17.0

.. .. 6.6 4.7 .. .. 3.1 –2.0 12.8

–3.2 .. 18.0 20.5 .. .. 33.9

0.8 .. .. 2 0 12.50

.. .. .. 14 4 ..

13.3 375 39 114 44 1.99

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

2,352 965 .. 585 6.1 21.5 28.3 15.2 50.2 24.9 29.0

59 10 65.3 3.1 70.5 9.8 ..

61

Channel Islands High income Highincome group 2005

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

0.15 0.07 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

0.15 0.08 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 20 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 20 .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. 2.1 20.0 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

–2.0 48.7 113.2 95.3 5.8 1.5 156.3

.. .. .. .. .. 2.90

.. .. .. .. .. 2.90

100.0 9,609 1 1,338 527 0.76

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

62

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,011 493 6.4 35,264 2.2 1.7 25.9 17.0 72.4 24.5 24.9

21 7 38.4 1.8 43.8 9.6 ..

Chile Latin America & Caribbean

Upper middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

15.4 6.1 8.3 4,840 3.8 6.1 38.4 19.5 55.5 3.8 539.6 31.6 29.7

16.3 6.5 7.8 5,870 4.3 5.5 46.8 17.6 47.7 3.1 560.1 41.8 33.6

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 15 .. ..

28 27 9 52.0 5.6 5.8 26.3 17 .. 43.4

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Access to and cost of financing Labor regulations Skills and education of available workers Anticompetitive or informal practices Tax rates Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

2005

Upper middleincome group 2005 600 268 9.8 5,634 3.5 6.2 32.1 19.0 61.7 38.0 35.2

42 9 44.6 3.2 46.5 7.9 ..

27.1 25.4 23.8 23.5 22.8 1,998 6.5 20.7 ..

1,373 5.8 22.1 ..

41,570 3.1 19.9 16.2

–0.5 .. 58.8 38.8 7.5 1.7 71.2 9.8 5.6

4.7 .. 59.3 32.2 6.8 0.9 82.3 1.8 2.7

.. .. 48.5 44.0 8.7 2.5 38.8

18.4 2,488 .. 435 165 2.45

.. 3,084 4 859 172 ..

50.5 3,454 2 901 196 1.06

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

63

China East Asia & Pacific

Lower middle income

Country data 2000

2005

Economic and social context Population (millions) 1,262.6 1,304.5 Labor force (millions) 738.9 776.0 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 3.1 4.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 930 1,740 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) 8.5 9.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 14.8 12.6 Industry value added (% of GDP) 45.9 47.5 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 32.1 33.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 39.3 39.9 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 0.3 1.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 8.3 8.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 23.3 37.5 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 20.9 31.9 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Tax rates Economic and regulatory policy uncertainty Skills and education of available workers Electricity Access to and cost of financing

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. 6.3

93 35 13 91.0 2.4 18.5 77.1 .. 8.6 ..

Lower middleincome group 2005 2,475 1,301 5.9 1,923 6.3 11.5 41.9 26.6 46.6 34.2 31.2

57 10 51.3 3.2 50.0 10.0 ..

36.8 32.9 30.7 29.7 29.1

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

8,490 3.2 34.1 17.5

4,882 3.5 42.3 26.1

35,363 3.1 29.1 20.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–2.6 11.6 126.8 123.1 4.1 22.4 112.3 3.7 3.6

–2.1 .. 148.3 164.8 3.8 10.5 114.4 1.6 3.3

–1.7 .. 39.6 41.2 10.2 7.2 73.1

78.3 993 .. 182 18 6.67

82.5 1,585 .. 570 85 2.90

46.3 1,448 22 511 95 2.08

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

64

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

Colombia Latin America & Caribbean

Lower middle income

Country data 2000

2005

Economic and social context Population (millions) 42.1 45.6 Labor force (millions) 19.4 22.3 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 20.5 13.7 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,060 2,290 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) 0.6 3.5 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 14.0 12.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 30.3 34.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.8 14.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 55.6 53.3 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 9.2 5.0 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2,087.9 2,320.8 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 21.5 21.5 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 19.4 21.4 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Anticompetitive or informal practices Crime and disorder Tax rates Skills and education of available workers Access to and cost of financing Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 35 .. ..

79 44 13 58.6 3.0 .. 82.8 37 .. 15.0

Lower middleincome group 2005 2,475 1,301 5.9 1,923 6.3 11.5 41.9 26.6 46.6 34.2 31.2

57 10 51.3 3.2 50.0 10.0 ..

34.5 13.0 12.5 9.3 7.6 1,021 2.9 12.6 ..

1,839 8.5 19.0 ..

35,363 3.1 29.1 20.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 23.1 27.7 11.2 11.0 26.7 6.0 6.6

3.9 56.7 27.8 26.1 12.3 2.7 23.9 7.9 7.5

–1.7 .. 39.6 41.2 10.2 7.2 73.1

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

14.4 795 .. 224 21 2.00

.. 866 .. 648 104 ..

46.3 1,448 22 511 95 2.08

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

65

Comoros Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

Lowincome group 2005

0.54 0.22 .. 400 1.7 48.6 11.5 4.5 39.9 .. 534.0 16.7 32.5

0.60 0.25 .. 650 2.6 51.0 11.0 4.4 38.0 .. 395.6 12.5 34.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

144 23 11 99.7 .. .. 47.5 .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. 0.0 10.4 6.6

0.5 0.3 9.3 4.8

18,981 1.5 25.3 18.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. 11.9 7.9 9.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. 8.1 8.5 8.0

–3.2 .. 18.0 20.5 .. .. 33.9

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

76.5 .. .. 13 3 ..

.. .. .. 55 33 ..

13.3 375 39 114 44 1.99

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

66

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2,352 965 .. 585 6.1 21.5 28.3 15.2 50.2 24.9 29.0

59 10 65.3 3.1 70.5 9.8 ..

Congo, Dem. Rep. Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

50.1 19.9 .. 80 –3.9 50.0 20.3 4.8 29.7 550.0 21.8 22.4 21.4

57.5 22.9 .. 120 4.4 46.0 25.3 5.5 28.7 21.3 473.9 31.6 39.3

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 40 .. ..

175 155 13 30.8 5.2 .. 235.4 40 9.9 ..

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Electricity Access to and cost of financing Tax rates Anticompetitive or informal practices Transportation system Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

2005

Lowincome group 2005 2,352 965 .. 585 6.1 21.5 28.3 15.2 50.2 24.9 29.0

59 10 65.3 3.1 70.5 9.8 ..

45.5 14.5 9.6 7.5 5.4 21 3.9 3.5 3.0

42 5.7 12.7 10.0

18,981 1.5 25.3 18.2

–4.0 152.2 0.3 1.7 .. .. 0.7 –57.0 ..

.. .. 1.7 3.1 .. .. 1.9 .. ..

–3.2 .. 18.0 20.5 .. .. 33.9

.. 90 .. 0 0 ..

1.8 93 .. 48 2 ..

13.3 375 39 114 44 1.99

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes) The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

67

Congo, Rep. Sub-Saharan Africa

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — — Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

68

2007

2005

Lower middleincome group 2005

3.4 1.4 .. 520 1.8 5.3 72.2 3.5 22.5 –0.8 712.0 80.3 43.6

4.0 1.5 .. 950 3.9 5.6 46.4 5.5 48.1 5.3 527.5 82.3 54.8

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 45 .. ..

171 71 8 41.2 3.0 .. 57.3 .. .. ..

35 5.2 19.3 12.3

.. 14.2 23.7 16.6

35,363 3.1 29.1 20.6

–1.3 .. 7.2 6.5 .. .. 4.8 –16.5 17.0

6.4 0.2 4.5 6.8 .. .. 2.9 9.8 12.8

–1.7 .. 39.6 41.2 10.2 7.2 73.1

9.7 111 .. 27 0 ..

5.0 131 .. 102 13 5.39

46.3 1,448 22 511 95 2.08

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2,475 1,301 5.9 1,923 6.3 11.5 41.9 26.6 46.6 34.2 31.2

57 10 51.3 3.2 50.0 10.0 ..

Costa Rica Latin America & Caribbean

Upper middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

3.9 1.6 5.2 3,710 5.7 9.5 32.1 25.3 58.5 11.0 308.2 48.6 45.8

4.3 2.0 6.4 4,700 4.2 8.7 29.8 21.9 61.5 13.8 477.8 48.5 53.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. ..

105 77 11 35.3 3.5 9.6 83.0 30 .. 9.6

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Access to and cost of financing Anticompetitive or informal practices Corruption Tax rates Economic and regulatory policy uncertainty

Upper middleincome group 2005 600 268 9.8 5,634 3.5 6.2 32.1 19.0 61.7 38.0 35.2

42 9 44.6 3.2 46.5 7.9 ..

60.1 48.7 39.9 38.2 28.3

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

161 2.6 17.8 16.3

304 4.3 18.9 17.8

41,570 3.1 19.9 16.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–1.3 36.2 24.7 30.4 10.8 3.5 24.0 16.7 11.5

–0.8 .. 34.5 34.7 12.2 1.5 35.8 12.2 14.5

.. .. 48.5 44.0 8.7 2.5 38.8

22.0 1,518 .. 283 58 1.93

24.4 1,667 12 575 254 ..

50.5 3,454 2 901 196 1.06

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

69

Côte d’Ivoire Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — — Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

70

2007

2005

Lowincome group 2005

16.7 6.2 .. 640 3.4 24.2 24.9 21.7 50.9 2.5 712.0 40.4 33.3

18.2 6.8 .. 870 –0.1 22.8 25.8 19.3 51.4 3.9 527.5 49.7 42.4

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 35 .. ..

141 45 11 48.8 2.2 .. 45.7 35 .. ..

215 2.3 11.2 8.4

20 1.6 10.7 8.0

18,981 1.5 25.3 18.2

2.8 105.2 19.7 14.0 .. .. 15.5 .. ..

–1.5 107.9 16.7 14.5 .. .. 13.8 .. ..

–3.2 .. 18.0 20.5 .. .. 33.9

9.7 171 .. 44 2 6.07

8.1 176 .. 108 11 2.25

13.3 375 39 114 44 1.99

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2,352 965 .. 585 6.1 21.5 28.3 15.2 50.2 24.9 29.0

59 10 65.3 3.1 70.5 9.8 ..

Croatia Europe & Central Asia

Upper middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

4.5 2.0 16.1 4,380 3.2 9.1 30.3 21.7 60.7 5.3 8.3 47.1 52.3

4.4 2.0 12.7 8,290 4.7 7.0 30.8 20.2 62.2 3.3 5.9 47.1 55.8

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 35 .. ..

124 45 10 39.0 3.1 2.7 37.1 20 .. 21.2

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Legal system and conflict resolution Anticompetitive or informal practices Access to and cost of financing Economic and regulatory policy uncertainty Corruption

Upper middleincome group 2005 600 268 9.8 5,634 3.5 6.2 32.1 19.0 61.7 38.0 35.2

42 9 44.6 3.2 46.5 7.9 ..

28.9 20.0 17.9 17.4 17.4

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

746 5.9 21.8 18.7

184 4.6 28.6 23.3

41,570 3.1 19.9 16.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–6.2 .. 49.6 37.9 11.9 9.5 37.4 7.1 8.3

–2.8 .. 67.3 59.3 8.7 4.0 61.2 7.8 9.5

.. .. 48.5 44.0 8.7 2.5 38.8

85.4 2,792 2 612 66 ..

84.0 3,316 1 1,097 327 ..

50.5 3,454 2 901 196 1.06

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

71

Cuba Latin America & Caribbean

Lower middle income Lower middleincome group 2005

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — — Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

72

2007

2005

11.1 5.2 5.4 .. 4.2 6.4 47.5 38.7 46.1 .. .. 16.0 18.7

11.3 5.4 .. .. 3.4 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

600 .. 10.4 ..

.. .. .. ..

35,363 3.1 29.1 20.6

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

–1.7 .. 39.6 41.2 10.2 7.2 73.1

49.0 1,138 .. 45 5 7.35

.. 1,177 .. 87 17 7.49

46.3 1,448 22 511 95 2.08

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2,475 1,301 5.9 1,923 6.3 11.5 41.9 26.6 46.6 34.2 31.2

57 10 51.3 3.2 50.0 10.0 ..

Cyprus High income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

Highincome group 2005

0.69 0.33 4.8 13,280 3.9 .. .. .. .. 4.1 0.6 42.8 46.5

0.76 0.38 4.7 18,430 2.8 .. .. .. .. 2.6 0.5 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 25 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 10 7.8 88.3

.. 9.3 17.5 ..

.. 7.3 .. ..

.. 2.1 20.0 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–2.3 93.1 121.0 156.0 .. .. 162.2 4.1 1.5

–4.0 108.3 139.6 113.3 .. .. 120.2 5.3 3.6

–2.0 48.7 113.2 95.3 5.8 1.5 156.3

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

60.6 4,585 .. 949 173 1.02

63.0 6,046 .. 1,503 430 0.33

100.0 9,609 1 1,338 527 0.76

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — — Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

1,011 493 6.4 35,264 2.2 1.7 25.9 17.0 72.4 24.5 24.9

21 7 38.4 1.8 43.8 9.6 ..

73

Czech Republic Europe & Central Asia

Upper middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Tax rates Tax administration Access to and cost of financing Legal system and conflict resolution Anticompetitive or informal practices Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

74

2007

2005

10.3 5.2 8.8 5,790 1.0 3.9 38.1 26.8 58.0 3.9 38.6 63.4 66.4

10.2 5.2 8.3 11,220 3.5 2.9 37.2 25.2 59.8 1.8 24.0 71.7 69.8

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 31 .. ..

52 24 10 21.7 9.2 2.1 49.0 28 4.3 ..

Upper middleincome group 2005 600 268 9.8 5,634 3.5 6.2 32.1 19.0 61.7 38.0 35.2

42 9 44.6 3.2 46.5 7.9 ..

58.9 52.5 25.2 24.9 22.3 1,462 8.8 28.0 ..

3,674 4.1 25.5 ..

41,570 3.1 19.9 16.2

–3.6 13.7 54.9 55.2 5.4 29.3 49.0 5.6 3.7

–3.5 23.1 48.9 60.4 5.8 4.3 37.0 4.8 4.6

.. .. 48.5 44.0 8.7 2.5 38.8

100.0 5,694 2 800 97 0.97

100.0 6,224 0 1,465 269 1.06

50.5 3,454 2 901 196 1.06

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

Denmark High income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

Highincome group 2005

5.3 2.9 4.5 31,850 2.8 2.6 26.8 16.2 70.6 2.9 8.1 46.6 40.6

5.4 2.8 5.2 48,330 1.2 1.8 24.6 13.6 73.5 1.8 6.0 48.6 43.9

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. ..

7 5 3 10.0 3.0 .. 31.5 30 9.7 47.8

.. 22.5 20.2 ..

.. 2.0 20.6 ..

.. 2.1 20.0 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

1.7 50.1 91.8 48.3 6.2 0.7 135.4 4.9 4.9

1.8 42.2 164.2 50.6 5.7 0.7 171.1 .. ..

–2.0 48.7 113.2 95.3 5.8 1.5 156.3

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

100.0 6,484 .. 1,349 392 1.30

100.0 6,631 .. 1,628 527 0.89

100.0 9,609 1 1,338 527 0.76

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — — Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

1,011 493 6.4 35,264 2.2 1.7 25.9 17.0 72.4 24.5 24.9

21 7 38.4 1.8 43.8 9.6 ..

75

Djibouti Middle East & North Africa

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

Lower middleincome group 2005

0.71 0.28 .. 770 –0.2 3.5 15.4 2.6 81.1 .. 177.7 35.1 50.4

0.79 0.31 .. 1,010 3.0 3.7 17.2 2.7 79.1 .. 177.7 36.5 53.5

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

161 37 11 56.3 5.0 .. 41.7 .. .. ..

50 0.6 8.8 6.1

.. 3.2 24.3 15.0

35,363 3.1 29.1 20.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. 32.1 9.5 8.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. 20.1 7.8 10.3

–1.7 .. 39.6 41.2 10.2 7.2 73.1

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

12.6 .. .. 14 2 4.73

.. .. .. 69 13 4.73

46.3 1,448 22 511 95 2.08

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — — Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

76

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2,475 1,301 5.9 1,923 6.3 11.5 41.9 26.6 46.6 34.2 31.2

57 10 51.3 3.2 50.0 10.0 ..

Dominica Latin America & Caribbean

Upper middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

Upper middleincome group 2005

0.07 .. 23.1 3,300 2.2 18.1 23.4 8.8 58.4 0.9 2.7 52.9 67.5

0.07 .. .. 3,800 –0.1 18.7 24.0 8.1 57.3 2.2 2.7 45.0 68.6

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

72 19 5 57.7 .. .. 34.8 .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

19 6.5 24.8 8.1

.. 9.2 25.1 7.0

41,570 3.1 19.9 16.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 76.6 67.5 .. .. 62.0 11.0 7.8

.. .. 77.2 83.8 .. .. 62.4 10.4 6.8

.. .. 48.5 44.0 8.7 2.5 38.8

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

50.4 .. .. 335 84 ..

.. .. .. 879 361 ..

50.5 3,454 2 901 196 1.06

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

600 268 9.8 5,634 3.5 6.2 32.1 19.0 61.7 38.0 35.2

42 9 44.6 3.2 46.5 7.9 ..

77

Dominican Republic Latin America & Caribbean

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

Lower middleincome group 2005

8.3 3.4 14.2 2,170 7.8 11.1 33.9 16.8 54.6 7.7 16.4 44.9 54.9

8.9 3.8 18.4 2,460 2.8 12.4 25.5 15.1 62.1 4.2 30.4 34.0 37.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 25 .. 43.6

117 73 10 87.6 3.5 .. 67.9 25 .. ..

1,076 4.8 23.5 19.2

93 3.5 19.6 14.9

35,363 3.1 29.1 20.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

1.0 20.7 24.9 27.3 9.4 2.6 34.7 17.7 9.1

–0.7 .. 27.6 33.7 9.4 5.9 27.7 19.1 10.2

–1.7 .. 39.6 41.2 10.2 7.2 73.1

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

49.4 757 .. 194 40 3.90

.. 1,071 .. 508 169 0.22

46.3 1,448 22 511 95 2.08

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — — Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

78

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2,475 1,301 5.9 1,923 6.3 11.5 41.9 26.6 46.6 34.2 31.2

57 10 51.3 3.2 50.0 10.0 ..

Ecuador Latin America & Caribbean

Lower middle income

Country data 2000

2005

Economic and social context Population (millions) 12.3 13.2 Labor force (millions) 5.6 6.4 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 9.0 8.6 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,340 2,620 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) 0.7 5.1 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 10.6 6.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 34.7 45.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 13.6 9.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 54.6 47.8 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 96.1 2.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 24,988.4 25,000.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.1 30.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 31.0 32.4 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Economic and regulatory policy uncertainty Corruption Access to and cost of financing Anticompetitive or informal practices Tax rates

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 25 .. 83.6

123 65 14 135.4 8.0 13.4 34.9 25 14.0 ..

Lower middleincome group 2005 2,475 1,301 5.9 1,923 6.3 11.5 41.9 26.6 46.6 34.2 31.2

57 10 51.3 3.2 50.0 10.0 ..

60.7 49.2 46.8 46.8 38.0

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

20 4.5 20.5 15.6

746 4.5 21.9 ..

35,363 3.1 29.1 20.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 38.2 18.4 12.9 31.0 32.6 25.1 7.8

.. .. 21.0 20.8 9.6 4.9 23.0 2.4 5.8

–1.7 .. 39.6 41.2 10.2 7.2 73.1

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

18.9 654 .. 139 15 2.48

15.0 687 9 601 47 ..

46.3 1,448 22 511 95 2.08

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

79

Egypt, Arab Rep. Middle East & North Africa

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Tax rates Economic and regulatory policy uncertainty Tax administration Corruption Access to and cost of financing

2005

67.3 20.0 9.0 1,450 5.2 16.7 33.1 19.4 50.1 2.7 3.5 16.2 22.8

74.0 22.9 11.0 1,260 3.7 14.9 36.1 16.8 49.0 4.9 5.8 30.5 32.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 40 .. 25.5

165 19 10 186.3 4.2 2.1 50.4 40 .. ..

Lower middleincome group 2005 2,475 1,301 5.9 1,923 6.3 11.5 41.9 26.6 46.6 34.2 31.2

57 10 51.3 3.2 50.0 10.0 ..

80.0 63.8 60.5 50.3 36.7

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

864 1.2 18.9 9.1

1,702 6.0 18.0 9.2

35,363 3.1 29.1 20.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–3.3 37.4 74.3 66.9 5.6 13.6 58.7 7.9 3.8

.. .. 79.1 87.2 .. 25.0 52.4 7.4 5.9

–1.7 .. 39.6 41.2 10.2 7.2 73.1

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

78.1 999 .. 102 7 3.33

81.0 1,215 14 325 68 1.45

46.3 1,448 22 511 95 2.08

80

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

El Salvador Latin America & Caribbean

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Crime and disorder Anticompetitive or informal practices Access to and cost of financing Corruption Economic and regulatory policy uncertainty

2005

6.3 2.5 7.0 2,000 3.3 10.5 31.6 24.7 57.9 2.3 8.8 27.4 42.4

6.9 2.8 6.8 2,450 2.2 10.3 30.0 23.1 59.8 4.7 8.8 26.9 45.1

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 25 .. 72.1

71 26 10 85.7 4.0 7.2 27.4 .. 7.2 ..

Lower middleincome group 2005 2,475 1,301 5.9 1,923 6.3 11.5 41.9 26.6 46.6 34.2 31.2

57 10 51.3 3.2 50.0 10.0 ..

49.0 44.5 37.6 35.1 28.4

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

116 1.3 16.9 14.2

153 3.0 15.4 13.2

35,363 3.1 29.1 20.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–4.7 55.3 5.2 4.8 8.8 4.3 45.2 10.5 4.6

–4.4 48.7 4.9 4.5 7.6 12.0 43.4 .. ..

–1.7 .. 39.6 41.2 10.2 7.2 73.1

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

19.8 644 .. 218 11 2.40

.. 629 8 492 93 2.40

46.3 1,448 22 511 95 2.08

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

81

Equatorial Guinea Sub-Saharan Africa

Upper middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — — Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

82

2007

2005

Upper middleincome group 2005

0.45 0.18 .. 650 33.9 7.0 88.0 .. 4.9 4.8 712.0 101.7 173.5

0.50 0.20 .. .. 11.8 6.8 88.9 .. 4.3 4.2 527.5 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

150 136 20 132.9 .. .. 62.4 .. .. ..

23 8.0 91.6 84.1

.. 57.6 .. ..

41,570 3.1 19.9 16.2

.. .. .. .. .. .. 2.8 –30.4 17.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. 5.4 28.6 12.8

.. .. 48.5 44.0 8.7 2.5 38.8

.. .. .. 25 2 ..

.. .. .. 212 14 ..

50.5 3,454 2 901 196 1.06

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

600 268 9.8 5,634 3.5 6.2 32.1 19.0 61.7 38.0 35.2

42 9 44.6 3.2 46.5 7.9 ..

Eritrea Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Access to and cost of financing Skills and education of available workers Electricity Tax rates Economic and regulatory policy uncertainty

2005

3.6 1.5 .. 180 1.5 15.1 23.0 11.2 61.9 .. 9.6 15.1 81.8

4.4 1.8 .. 170 3.5 22.6 22.6 8.2 54.8 .. 15.4 8.8 55.7

.. .. .. .. .. 3.8 .. .. .. ..

170 76 13 69.3 1.7 .. 86.3 .. .. ..

Lowincome group 2005 2,352 965 .. 585 6.1 21.5 28.3 15.2 50.2 24.9 29.0

59 10 65.3 3.1 70.5 9.8 ..

57.0 40.5 36.7 29.1 29.1

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

40 4.4 31.9 5.1

.. 1.2 20.1 4.7

18,981 1.5 25.3 18.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. 32.5 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. 31.0 .. ..

–3.2 .. 18.0 20.5 .. .. 33.9

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

21.8 .. .. 9 1 5.83

.. .. 94 18 16 3.59

13.3 375 39 114 44 1.99

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

83

Estonia Europe & Central Asia

Upper middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Labor regulations Access to and cost of financing Skills and education of available workers Anticompetitive or informal practices Economic and regulatory policy uncertainty

2005

1.4 0.67 12.8 4,070 5.4 5.5 26.5 16.7 68.0 4.0 17.0 88.4 92.0

1.3 0.66 9.6 9,060 7.5 4.0 29.4 18.5 66.6 4.1 12.6 84.2 90.3

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 35 .. ..

17 35 6 34.7 3.0 2.3 50.2 35 9.7 48.4

Upper middleincome group 2005 600 268 9.8 5,634 3.5 6.2 32.1 19.0 61.7 38.0 35.2

42 9 44.6 3.2 46.5 7.9 ..

18.6 8.8 7.0 5.6 5.1

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

172 7.1 25.6 22.6

55 22.9 29.1 25.9

41,570 3.1 19.9 16.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

1.0 3.3 24.2 25.4 12.6 1.0 23.9 2.0 3.7

2.7 9.6 38.4 33.1 8.6 0.2 60.0 –1.2 2.8

.. .. 48.5 44.0 8.7 2.5 38.8

20.1 4,632 3 788 286 1.62

23.5 5,484 1 1,402 513 0.90

50.5 3,454 2 901 196 1.06

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

84

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

Ethiopia Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Tax rates Tax administration Access to land Access to and cost of financing Electricity

2005

64.3 28.3 .. 130 3.7 47.7 12.4 5.7 39.9 0.7 8.2 12.5 25.0

71.3 31.6 23.1 160 4.2 47.7 13.3 5.1 39.0 11.6 8.7 16.4 39.1

.. .. .. .. .. 2.1 .. .. .. ..

97 16 7 40.1 2.4 .. 32.8 .. .. ..

Lowincome group 2005 2,352 965 .. 585 6.1 21.5 28.3 15.2 50.2 24.9 29.0

59 10 65.3 3.1 70.5 9.8 ..

72.2 59.2 50.0 50.0 42.5

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. 1.7 20.5 16.2

300 2.4 26.3 15.4

18,981 1.5 25.3 18.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–8.0 .. 36.8 36.5 .. .. 24.1 4.7 4.9

.. .. .. .. .. .. 25.3 1.0 3.5

–3.2 .. 18.0 20.5 .. .. 33.9

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

12.0 23 .. 4 0 7.35

19.1 33 .. 14 2 4.01

13.3 375 39 114 44 1.99

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

85

Faeroe Islands High income Highincome group 2005

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 8.1 .. ..

0.05 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 6.0 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 20 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 20 .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. 2.1 20.0 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

–2.0 48.7 113.2 95.3 5.8 1.5 156.3

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

.. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. 1,224 646 ..

100.0 9,609 1 1,338 527 0.76

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

86

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,011 493 6.4 35,264 2.2 1.7 25.9 17.0 72.4 24.5 24.9

21 7 38.4 1.8 43.8 9.6 ..

Fiji East Asia & Pacific

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

Lower middleincome group 2005

0.81 0.35 .. 2,190 2.2 17.0 25.8 14.6 57.2 1.1 2.1 60.2 64.5

0.85 0.39 .. 3,170 2.6 15.8 25.3 14.5 58.9 2.4 1.7 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 32 .. ..

31 46 8 28.0 1.8 .. 40.1 31 .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

3 –1.1 11.5 3.1

24 –0.1 .. ..

35,363 3.1 29.1 20.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 37.3 37.5 .. .. 32.6 10.9 7.5

–3.6 .. .. .. .. .. 42.2 4.2 6.4

–1.7 .. 39.6 41.2 10.2 7.2 73.1

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

49.2 .. .. 174 15 3.76

.. .. .. 254 77 2.84

46.3 1,448 22 511 95 2.08

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

2,475 1,301 5.9 1,923 6.3 11.5 41.9 26.6 46.6 34.2 31.2

57 10 51.3 3.2 50.0 10.0 ..

87

Finland High income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

Highincome group 2005

5.2 2.6 9.8 25,150 4.7 3.8 33.7 26.2 62.5 3.4 1.1 42.7 33.7

5.2 2.7 8.9 37,530 2.4 2.9 29.6 22.1 67.5 0.9 0.8 38.7 35.2

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 29 .. ..

14 14 3 26.0 0.9 .. 47.9 29 9.5 42.4

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. 7.6 19.7 ..

.. 2.1 19.2 ..

.. 2.1 20.0 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

6.9 47.4 57.9 46.6 6.3 0.6 53.7 2.5 4.0

3.2 45.6 69.8 48.0 8.8 0.3 76.1 3.2 2.7

–2.0 48.7 113.2 95.3 5.8 1.5 156.3

62.0 15,286 .. 1,271 372 1.07

64.7 16,780 .. 1,401 534 1.80

100.0 9,609 1 1,338 527 0.76

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

88

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,011 493 6.4 35,264 2.2 1.7 25.9 17.0 72.4 24.5 24.9

21 7 38.4 1.8 43.8 9.6 ..

France High income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

Highincome group 2005

58.9 26.2 10.0 24,460 2.9 2.8 22.9 16.0 74.3 1.7 1.1 28.6 27.7

60.9 27.1 9.9 34,600 1.5 2.2 20.9 13.3 76.9 1.7 0.8 26.1 27.1

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 33 .. ..

35 8 7 31.8 1.9 .. 68.2 33 8.0 43.2

.. 3.2 19.5 ..

.. 3.3 19.7 ..

.. 2.1 20.0 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–1.7 60.0 101.4 61.8 6.7 5.0 85.0 5.2 4.1

–2.8 71.9 106.2 67.0 4.4 3.5 93.1 4.9 4.4

–2.0 48.7 113.2 95.3 5.8 1.5 156.3

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

100.0 7,492 .. 1,070 144 0.82

100.0 7,900 .. 1,376 430 0.84

100.0 9,609 1 1,338 527 0.76

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — — Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

1,011 493 6.4 35,264 2.2 1.7 25.9 17.0 72.4 24.5 24.9

21 7 38.4 1.8 43.8 9.6 ..

89

French Polynesia High income Highincome group 2005

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

0.24 0.10 .. 16,070 3.5 4.7 .. .. .. .. 129.5 4.9 24.2

0.26 0.11 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 96.0 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. 2.1 20.0 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

–2.0 48.7 113.2 95.3 5.8 1.5 156.3

.. .. .. 396 64 3.67

.. .. .. 547 214 ..

100.0 9,609 1 1,338 527 0.76

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

90

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,011 493 6.4 35,264 2.2 1.7 25.9 17.0 72.4 24.5 24.9

21 7 38.4 1.8 43.8 9.6 ..

Gabon Sub-Saharan Africa

Upper middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

Upper middleincome group 2005

1.3 0.53 .. 3,090 1.4 6.4 53.2 4.2 40.4 0.5 712.0 37.0 34.8

1.4 0.60 .. 5,010 1.7 7.7 57.6 4.5 34.8 0.0 527.5 58.5 38.5

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 35 .. ..

132 60 10 43.3 5.0 .. 48.3 .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

12 –0.9 26.1 21.3

92 3.7 20.5 16.5

41,570 3.1 19.9 16.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 12.2 10.5 .. 6.6 8.9 –5.0 17.0

.. .. .. .. .. 15.8 8.9 8.1 12.8

.. .. 48.5 44.0 8.7 2.5 38.8

9.9 850 .. 125 12 14.12

10.2 928 .. 498 48 2.77

50.5 3,454 2 901 196 1.06

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

600 268 9.8 5,634 3.5 6.2 32.1 19.0 61.7 38.0 35.2

42 9 44.6 3.2 46.5 7.9 ..

91

Gambia, The Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Electricity Access to and cost of financing Tax rates Access to land Anticompetitive or informal practices

2005

1.3 0.56 .. 320 4.6 35.8 13.1 5.4 51.1 0.2 12.8 48.0 56.8

1.5 0.66 .. 290 3.7 32.6 13.1 5.2 54.2 3.2 28.6 44.8 65.4

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

113 27 8 8.7 3.0 .. 291.4 .. .. ..

Lowincome group 2005 2,352 965 .. 585 6.1 21.5 28.3 15.2 50.2 24.9 29.0

59 10 65.3 3.1 70.5 9.8 ..

53.7 11.6 6.5 5.2 4.1

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

7 10.3 17.4 12.8

.. 11.3 24.8 18.5

18,981 1.5 25.3 18.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. 12.5 19.6 11.5

.. .. .. .. .. .. 13.0 29.4 17.6

–3.2 .. 18.0 20.5 .. .. 33.9

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

35.4 .. .. 30 9 5.39

19.3 .. .. 192 33 1.81

13.3 375 39 114 44 1.99

92

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

Georgia Europe & Central Asia

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

4.7 2.4 10.8 700 5.7 21.9 22.4 18.4 55.7 4.1 2.0 23.0 39.7

4.5 2.3 12.6 1,320 7.4 16.7 27.4 17.6 55.9 8.2 1.8 42.1 54.5

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

37 16 7 4.3 3.3 3.0 37.8 .. 10.5 7.6

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Economic and regulatory policy uncertainty Anticompetitive or informal practices Tax rates Electricity Access to and cost of financing

Lower middleincome group 2005 2,475 1,301 5.9 1,923 6.3 11.5 41.9 26.6 46.6 34.2 31.2

57 10 51.3 3.2 50.0 10.0 ..

44.7 38.2 35.7 33.2 31.2

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

49 4.3 20.4 19.5

26 7.0 25.9 19.9

35,363 3.1 29.1 20.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–1.6 69.9 6.5 4.2 30.5 11.6 8.7 26.8 22.6

1.5 35.2 .. .. 18.8 3.8 14.8 12.6 14.1

–1.7 .. 39.6 41.2 10.2 7.2 73.1

93.4 1,360 56 149 5 2.88

39.4 1,577 39 337 39 ..

46.3 1,448 22 511 95 2.08

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

93

Germany High income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Tax rates Access to and cost of financing Tax administration Anticompetitive or informal practices Labor regulations Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

2005

82.2 40.4 7.8 25,510 2.0 1.3 30.3 22.9 68.5 1.5 1.1 33.4 33.0

82.5 41.0 9.8 34,870 0.7 0.9 29.7 22.7 69.4 2.0 0.8 40.1 35.1

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 25 .. ..

21 24 9 69.3 1.2 4.5 57.1 25 23.3 38.3

Highincome group 2005 1,011 493 6.4 35,264 2.2 1.7 25.9 17.0 72.4 24.5 24.9

21 7 38.4 1.8 43.8 9.6 ..

29.4 23.2 23.2 10.4 9.5 .. 11.1 21.5 ..

.. 1.1 17.1 ..

.. 2.1 20.0 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

1.4 .. 145.7 90.4 4.2 4.7 118.6 10.4 6.2

–2.3 44.2 139.7 96.2 4.4 4.8 111.4 .. ..

–2.0 48.7 113.2 95.3 5.8 1.5 156.3

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

.. 6,680 .. 1,197 302 0.34

100.0 7,029 0 1,628 455 0.43

100.0 9,609 1 1,338 527 0.76

94

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

Ghana Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income

Country data 2000

2005

Economic and social context Population (millions) 19.9 22.1 Labor force (millions) 8.7 9.8 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.2 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 320 450 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) 4.4 5.1 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 35.3 37.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 25.4 23.2 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.0 8.3 Services value added (% of GDP) 39.3 39.4 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 25.2 15.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 5,455.1 9,072.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 49.1 36.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 67.6 61.7 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

Lowincome group 2005 2,352 965 .. 585 6.1 21.5 28.3 15.2 50.2 24.9 29.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 33 .. ..

94 81 12 177.7 1.9 .. 32.3 33 .. 1.2

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

10 3.3 24.0 14.8

52 1.0 29.0 17.0

18,981 1.5 25.3 18.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–6.5 .. .. .. 11.8 11.9 14.0 .. ..

–2.9 .. .. .. 12.0 13.9 15.5 .. ..

–3.2 .. 18.0 20.5 .. .. 33.9

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

18.4 306 .. 17 2 1.65

17.9 247 .. 143 18 0.39

13.3 375 39 114 44 1.99

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

59 10 65.3 3.1 70.5 9.8 ..

95

Greece High income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Tax rates Access to and cost of financing Tax administration Anticompetitive or informal practices Corruption Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

2005

10.9 4.9 11.1 11,530 3.5 7.3 21.4 12.2 71.3 3.2 365.4 25.0 35.9

11.1 5.1 10.2 19,840 4.4 5.2 20.8 11.1 74.0 3.6 0.8 20.8 28.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 35 .. ..

109 38 15 69.3 2.0 3.7 60.2 35 .. 69.9

Highincome group 2005 1,011 493 6.4 35,264 2.2 1.7 25.9 17.0 72.4 24.5 24.9

21 7 38.4 1.8 43.8 9.6 ..

27.5 23.3 22.6 13.7 9.8 .. 0.9 23.1 ..

.. 0.3 23.7 ..

.. 2.1 20.0 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–4.1 135.4 80.7 55.5 8.9 12.3 51.5 8.7 6.2

–5.1 137.8 92.9 79.8 5.0 5.5 84.8 3.2 4.3

–2.0 48.7 113.2 95.3 5.8 1.5 156.3

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

91.8 4,539 .. 1,062 92 0.69

.. 5,148 3 1,472 180 1.09

100.0 9,609 1 1,338 527 0.76

96

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

Greenland High income Highincome group 2005

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

0.06 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 8.1 .. ..

0.06 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 6.0 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. 2.1 20.0 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

–2.0 48.7 113.2 95.3 5.8 1.5 156.3

.. .. .. 750 317 2.41

.. .. .. .. 668 ..

100.0 9,609 1 1,338 527 0.76

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

1,011 493 6.4 35,264 2.2 1.7 25.9 17.0 72.4 24.5 24.9

21 7 38.4 1.8 43.8 9.6 ..

97

Grenada Latin America & Caribbean

Upper middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

Upper middleincome group 2005

0.10 .. 15.2 3,660 6.7 7.7 24.3 7.6 68.0 2.1 2.7 57.4 75.6

0.11 .. .. 3,860 0.8 8.5 23.1 5.5 68.4 .. 2.7 42.8 76.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

73 52 4 28.7 .. .. 42.8 .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

7 9.1 43.7 36.7

13 5.6 35.6 28.1

41,570 3.1 19.9 16.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 83.4 82.4 .. .. 79.3 10.5 7.4

.. .. .. .. .. .. 85.0 7.3 7.2

.. .. 48.5 44.0 8.7 2.5 38.8

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

61.0 .. .. 352 41 3.97

.. .. .. 719 182 ..

50.5 3,454 2 901 196 1.06

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

98

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

600 268 9.8 5,634 3.5 6.2 32.1 19.0 61.7 38.0 35.2

42 9 44.6 3.2 46.5 7.9 ..

Guam High income Highincome group 2005

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

0.16 0.07 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

0.17 0.08 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 17.1

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. 2.1 20.0 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

–2.0 48.7 113.2 95.3 5.8 1.5 156.3

.. .. .. 654 161 ..

.. .. .. .. 383 ..

100.0 9,609 1 1,338 527 0.76

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

1,011 493 6.4 35,264 2.2 1.7 25.9 17.0 72.4 24.5 24.9

21 7 38.4 1.8 43.8 9.6 ..

99

Guatemala Latin America & Caribbean

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Corruption Crime and disorder Economic and regulatory policy uncertainty Tax rates Anticompetitive or informal practices

2005

11.2 3.6 1.4 1,740 4.1 22.8 19.8 13.2 57.4 6.0 7.8 20.2 29.0

12.6 4.1 2.8 2,400 2.5 22.8 18.9 12.6 58.3 8.4 7.6 15.7 30.2

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 31 .. 15.9

118 30 13 101.1 3.0 12.4 40.9 31 .. ..

Lower middleincome group 2005 2,475 1,301 5.9 1,923 6.3 11.5 41.9 26.6 46.6 34.2 31.2

57 10 51.3 3.2 50.0 10.0 ..

80.9 80.4 66.4 56.5 56.3

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

147 1.2 16.1 13.7

120 0.7 15.1 13.2

35,363 3.1 29.1 20.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–1.8 17.0 18.8 16.4 .. .. 19.8 13.2 10.7

–1.5 18.3 20.9 22.0 .. .. 25.2 4.9 8.7

–1.7 .. 39.6 41.2 10.2 7.2 73.1

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

34.5 345 .. 137 7 0.76

.. 514 9 457 79 1.21

46.3 1,448 22 511 95 2.08

100

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

Guinea Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income

Country data 2000

2005

Economic and social context Population (millions) 8.4 9.4 Labor force (millions) 4.0 4.4 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 400 420 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) 4.4 2.9 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 23.2 24.7 Industry value added (% of GDP) 35.9 36.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 4.7 4.5 Services value added (% of GDP) 40.9 38.8 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1,746.9 3,644.3 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 23.6 26.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 28.7 29.6 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Electricity Transportation system Access to and cost of financing Tax rates Corruption

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

157 49 13 26.0 3.8 .. 49.4 .. .. ..

Lowincome group 2005 2,352 965 .. 585 6.1 21.5 28.3 15.2 50.2 24.9 29.0

59 10 65.3 3.1 70.5 9.8 ..

61.0 9.5 8.3 3.1 2.7

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

6 0.3 21.1 14.0

12 3.1 12.0 7.8

18,981 1.5 25.3 18.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–2.4 .. .. .. .. .. 3.8 7.4 11.9

.. .. .. .. .. .. 5.1 .. ..

–3.2 .. 18.0 20.5 .. .. 33.9

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

16.5 .. .. 8 1 5.15

9.8 .. .. 20 5 ..

13.3 375 39 114 44 1.99

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

101

Guinea-Bissau Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Electricity Access to and cost of financing Corruption Tax rates Economic and regulatory policy uncertainty

2005

1.4 0.55 .. 160 –2.7 56.4 13.0 10.5 30.6 8.6 712.0 31.8 51.6

1.6 0.64 .. 180 –0.5 60.3 11.7 8.7 28.1 3.3 527.5 37.7 55.2

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

173 233 17 86.7 .. .. 47.5 .. .. ..

Lowincome group 2005 2,352 965 .. 585 6.1 21.5 28.3 15.2 50.2 24.9 29.0

59 10 65.3 3.1 70.5 9.8 ..

41.4 19.6 6.1 5.3 5.0

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

3 0.3 11.3 1.0

0.6 3.3 14.6 4.2

18,981 1.5 25.3 18.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 7.5 12.6 .. .. 7.9 .. ..

.. .. 2.1 6.7 .. .. 2.1 .. ..

–3.2 .. 18.0 20.5 .. .. 33.9

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

27.9 .. .. 8 2 ..

.. .. .. 8 20 ..

13.3 375 39 114 44 1.99

102

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

Guyana Latin America & Caribbean

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Access to and cost of financing Electricity Skills and education of available workers Crime and disorder Access to land

2005

0.74 0.31 9.1 880 2.5 31.1 29.0 8.2 39.9 6.1 182.4 96.1 110.7

0.75 0.33 .. 1,020 0.7 31.0 24.5 8.0 44.5 6.3 199.9 87.9 123.9

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 45 .. 29.8

136 46 8 56.3 2.0 2.3 44.2 45 .. ..

Lower middleincome group 2005 2,475 1,301 5.9 1,923 6.3 11.5 41.9 26.6 46.6 34.2 31.2

57 10 51.3 3.2 50.0 10.0 ..

62.6 40.5 39.9 30.1 27.6

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

11 9.4 23.8 10.0

37 9.8 25.8 1.4

35,363 3.1 29.1 20.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. 57.1 10.0 8.6

.. .. .. .. .. .. 59.4 10.0 12.0

–1.7 .. 39.6 41.2 10.2 7.2 73.1

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

7.4 .. .. 146 67 3.89

.. .. 31 521 213 ..

46.3 1,448 22 511 95 2.08

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

103

Haiti Latin America & Caribbean

Low income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

Lowincome group 2005

7.9 3.2 7.2 500 2.4 28.4 16.6 9.0 55.0 13.7 21.2 12.3 32.5

8.5 3.7 .. 450 –0.5 27.9 17.0 8.4 55.1 15.7 40.4 15.6 44.9

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

139 203 12 26.0 5.7 .. 40.5 .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

18 0.4 26.6 23.5

.. 0.2 29.5 26.4

18,981 1.5 25.3 18.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 14.5 27.3 .. .. 15.6 12.5 13.2

.. .. 15.2 35.5 .. .. 15.4 10.3 24.0

–3.2 .. 18.0 20.5 .. .. 33.9

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

24.3 38 .. 16 3 7.10

.. 30 .. 64 70 2.15

13.3 375 39 114 44 1.99

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

104

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2,352 965 .. 585 6.1 21.5 28.3 15.2 50.2 24.9 29.0

59 10 65.3 3.1 70.5 9.8 ..

Honduras Latin America & Caribbean

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Corruption Access to and cost of financing Crime and disorder Economic and regulatory policy uncertainty Anticompetitive or informal practices

2005

6.4 2.5 4.2 860 2.8 16.2 31.6 19.6 52.2 11.1 14.8 41.3 55.2

7.2 3.1 5.9 1,120 3.6 13.9 31.4 20.1 54.6 8.8 18.8 40.9 61.4

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 15 .. 40.2

111 44 13 43.3 3.8 10.2 51.4 25 .. ..

Lower middleincome group 2005 2,475 1,301 5.9 1,923 6.3 11.5 41.9 26.6 46.6 34.2 31.2

57 10 51.3 3.2 50.0 10.0 ..

62.7 62.4 60.9 46.7 40.2

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

127 4.7 26.1 20.3

41 5.6 23.3 17.5

35,363 3.1 29.1 20.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 34.2 38.8 8.8 10.6 40.7 15.7 10.9

.. .. 37.3 43.7 8.4 6.6 42.7 7.7 7.9

–1.7 .. 39.6 41.2 10.2 7.2 73.1

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

20.4 501 .. 71 12 3.97

.. 586 23 246 36 2.52

46.3 1,448 22 511 95 2.08

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

105

Hong Kong, China High income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

Highincome group 2005

6.7 3.4 4.9 26,980 2.6 0.1 13.3 5.4 86.6 –3.8 7.8 143.6 139.1

6.9 3.7 6.8 27,670 4.3 0.1 9.9 3.5 90.0 0.9 7.8 197.9 185.4

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 16 .. ..

5 11 5 62.1 1.1 .. 28.8 18 13.5 38.4

.. 36.7 26.4 ..

.. 20.2 20.9 ..

.. 2.1 20.0 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 167.8 214.4 9.0 7.3 152.9 16.3 4.7

.. .. 166.6 250.1 12.2 1.5 146.2 8.0 6.5

–2.0 48.7 113.2 95.3 5.8 1.5 156.3

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

100.0 5,447 .. 1,406 278 2.62

100.0 5,699 .. 1,798 508 0.77

100.0 9,609 1 1,338 527 0.76

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — — Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

106

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,011 493 6.4 35,264 2.2 1.7 25.9 17.0 72.4 24.5 24.9

21 7 38.4 1.8 43.8 9.6 ..

Hungary Europe & Central Asia

Upper middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

10.2 4.2 6.4 4,600 4.3 4.3 33.5 24.4 62.1 9.8 282.2 74.0 78.0

10.1 4.2 6.1 10,070 4.1 3.8 31.1 22.7 65.1 3.6 199.6 66.4 68.5

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 18 .. ..

66 38 6 34.5 2.0 5.3 59.3 16 8.2 ..

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Tax rates Access to and cost of financing Economic and regulatory policy uncertainty Anticompetitive or informal practices Tax administration Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

2005

Upper middleincome group 2005 600 268 9.8 5,634 3.5 6.2 32.1 19.0 61.7 38.0 35.2

42 9 44.6 3.2 46.5 7.9 ..

50.2 37.0 25.8 25.5 19.2 1,168 5.9 23.4 ..

3,318 5.9 23.2 ..

41,570 3.1 19.9 16.2

–2.8 60.4 36.7 36.4 8.3 3.0 32.0 2.5 3.1

–7.4 67.2 55.2 39.9 9.1 2.1 51.7 5.9 3.4

.. .. 48.5 44.0 8.7 2.5 38.8

43.7 3,309 2 673 70 1.28

43.9 3,680 2 1,257 297 1.01

50.5 3,454 2 901 196 1.06

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

107

Iceland High income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

Highincome group 2005

0.28 0.16 2.3 30,580 4.8 8.5 25.2 13.4 66.4 5.2 78.6 33.8 41.2

0.30 0.18 3.1 48,570 3.7 6.7 24.8 12.8 68.4 4.2 63.0 31.5 45.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

12 5 5 13.0 1.0 .. 27.9 .. 10.4 87.1

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. 1.8 22.5 ..

.. 15.6 28.7 ..

.. 2.1 20.0 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

2.7 60.9 86.0 42.0 6.2 1.5 97.8 12.7 6.2

.. .. 153.7 58.8 7.1 0.9 255.3 9.5 7.2

–2.0 48.7 113.2 95.3 5.8 1.5 156.3

29.5 26,221 .. 1,463 598 0.84

34.4 28,213 .. 1,678 869 ..

100.0 9,609 1 1,338 527 0.76

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

108

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,011 493 6.4 35,264 2.2 1.7 25.9 17.0 72.4 24.5 24.9

21 7 38.4 1.8 43.8 9.6 ..

India South Asia

Low income

Country data 2000

2005

Economic and social context Population (millions) 1,015.9 1,094.6 Labor force (millions) 396.2 435.0 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.3 5.0 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 450 730 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) 5.8 7.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 23.4 18.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 26.2 27.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.6 15.7 Services value added (% of GDP) 50.5 54.4 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 4.0 4.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 44.9 44.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 13.8 20.5 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 14.6 24.2 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Electricity Tax rates Corruption Access to and cost of financing Access to land Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 40 .. 0.3

134 35 11 55.9 10.0 .. 81.1 36 .. ..

Lowincome group 2005 2,352 965 .. 585 6.1 21.5 28.3 15.2 50.2 24.9 29.0

59 10 65.3 3.1 70.5 9.8 ..

30.5 12.5 11.7 10.5 6.6 3,139 0.8 22.8 16.3

8,441 0.8 28.1 21.2

18,981 1.5 25.3 18.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–3.9 56.0 41.4 42.8 5.7 12.8 28.8 8.5 ..

–3.6 65.3 54.4 51.2 6.3 5.2 40.8 6.0 ..

–3.2 .. 18.0 20.5 .. .. 33.9

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

47.5 402 .. 35 5 3.36

.. 457 .. 128 55 1.19

13.3 375 39 114 44 1.99

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

109

Indonesia East Asia & Pacific

Lower middle income

Country data 2000

2005

Economic and social context Population (millions) 206.3 220.6 Labor force (millions) 97.4 107.2 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.1 9.9 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 590 1,280 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) –0.6 4.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 15.6 13.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 45.9 45.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 27.7 28.1 Services value added (% of GDP) 38.5 40.8 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 3.7 10.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 8,421.8 9,704.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 41.0 33.5 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30.5 29.2 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Economic and regulatory policy uncertainty Corruption Access to and cost of financing Tax rates Labor regulations

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. 195.3

135 97 12 108.3 5.5 4.0 37.2 30 .. ..

Lower middleincome group 2005 2,475 1,301 5.9 1,923 6.3 11.5 41.9 26.6 46.6 34.2 31.2

57 10 51.3 3.2 50.0 10.0 ..

48.2 41.5 30.7 29.5 25.9

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

642 –2.8 19.9 ..

1,445 1.8 22.0 ..

35,363 3.1 29.1 20.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–2.5 45.2 43.7 44.7 6.0 34.4 19.9 –1.7 6.0

–1.1 29.0 36.5 38.7 10.5 15.6 26.9 0.3 6.0

–1.7 .. 39.6 41.2 10.2 7.2 73.1

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

57.1 400 .. 50 9 3.90

.. 478 4 271 73 2.79

46.3 1,448 22 511 95 2.08

110

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

Iran, Islamic Rep. Middle East & North Africa

Lower middle income

Country data 2000

2005

Economic and social context Population (millions) 63.7 68.3 Labor force (millions) 21.9 27.5 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 14.3 11.6 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,680 2,600 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) 3.7 5.8 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 13.7 10.4 Industry value added (% of GDP) 36.7 44.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 13.2 11.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 49.5 45.0 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 14.5 13.4 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1,764.4 8,964.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 22.7 38.8 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 17.4 30.2 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

Lower middleincome group 2005 2,475 1,301 5.9 1,923 6.3 11.5 41.9 26.6 46.6 34.2 31.2

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 54 .. 20.6

119 47 8 90.7 4.5 .. 46.4 25 .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

5 0.0 26.4 17.6

350 0.0 27.4 18.2

35,363 3.1 29.1 20.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

1.8 .. 18.3 31.3 .. .. 28.3 .. ..

7.4 .. 26.2 34.5 .. .. 40.9 0.1 4.2

–1.7 .. 39.6 41.2 10.2 7.2 73.1

64.8 1,593 .. 164 10 7.65

67.4 2,036 .. 384 103 0.55

46.3 1,448 22 511 95 2.08

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

57 10 51.3 3.2 50.0 10.0 ..

111

Iraq Middle East & North Africa

Lower middle income Lower middleincome group 2005

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

2005

24.4 .. 7.0 8.3 .. 26.8 .. .. 17.9 –11.4 5.4 8.6 84.4 70.1 0.9 1.7 10.3 21.3 .. .. 0.3 1,472.0 .. .. .. ..

2,475 1,301 5.9 1,923 6.3 11.5 41.9 26.6 46.6 34.2 31.2

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

145 77 11 4.0 .. .. 38.7 .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. .. .. ..

475 .. .. ..

35,363 3.1 29.1 20.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

–1.7 .. 39.6 41.2 10.2 7.2 73.1

84.3 1,163 .. 27 0 ..

.. 1,126 .. 57 1 ..

46.3 1,448 22 511 95 2.08

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

112

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

57 10 51.3 3.2 50.0 10.0 ..

Ireland High income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

3.8 1.8 4.3 23,120 9.8 3.4 42.7 33.5 53.9 5.6 1.1 98.6 85.0

4.2 2.1 4.4 41,140 5.2 2.5 37.3 26.9 60.2 2.4 0.8 83.1 67.8

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 32 .. ..

10 19 4 49.0 0.4 2.3 25.8 13 9.7 24.3

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Tax rates Skills and education of available workers Tax administration Access to and cost of financing Transportation system Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

2005

Highincome group 2005 1,011 493 6.4 35,264 2.2 1.7 25.9 17.0 72.4 24.5 24.9

21 7 38.4 1.8 43.8 9.6 ..

17.4 15.6 15.4 13.8 11.0 .. 26.5 24.3 ..

.. –14.7 24.4 ..

.. 2.1 20.0 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

4.8 39.6 102.8 74.2 6.5 1.0 106.0 –0.7 4.7

1.0 29.6 124.8 79.2 4.7 0.7 160.7 –0.9 2.6

–2.0 48.7 113.2 95.3 5.8 1.5 156.3

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

100.0 5,796 .. 1,128 178 0.80

100.0 6,169 2 1,501 276 0.71

100.0 9,609 1 1,338 527 0.76

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

113

Isle of Man High income Highincome group 2005

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

0.08 .. 1.6 23,680 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

0.08 .. .. 27,590 5.9 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0 .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. 2.1 20.0 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

–2.0 48.7 113.2 95.3 5.8 1.5 156.3

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

.. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. ..

100.0 9,609 1 1,338 527 0.76

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

114

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,011 493 6.4 35,264 2.2 1.7 25.9 17.0 72.4 24.5 24.9

21 7 38.4 1.8 43.8 9.6 ..

Israel High income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

Highincome group 2005

6.3 2.5 8.8 17,090 4.2 .. .. .. .. 1.1 4.1 39.8 45.2

6.9 2.7 10.7 18,580 1.9 .. .. .. .. 1.3 4.5 45.9 51.3

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 36 .. ..

26 34 5 91.0 4.0 .. 39.1 36 .. 67.6

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. 4.4 19.7 ..

.. 4.5 17.5 ..

.. 2.1 20.0 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–2.1 .. 89.5 81.6 7.3 6.9 83.0 11.2 4.2

–2.6 .. 100.6 91.1 6.7 10.3 97.5 5.8 3.2

–2.0 48.7 113.2 95.3 5.8 1.5 156.3

100.0 6,372 .. 1,173 202 3.30

100.0 6,803 .. 1,544 470 0.59

100.0 9,609 1 1,338 527 0.76

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

1,011 493 6.4 35,264 2.2 1.7 25.9 17.0 72.4 24.5 24.9

21 7 38.4 1.8 43.8 9.6 ..

115

Italy High income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

Highincome group 2005

56.9 23.5 10.5 20,900 1.9 2.8 28.4 21.0 68.8 2.5 1.1 27.1 26.1

58.6 24.4 8.0 30,250 0.6 2.3 26.9 18.4 70.9 2.0 0.8 26.3 26.4

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 36 .. ..

82 13 9 1.7 1.2 .. 76.0 33 6.6 77.9

.. 1.2 20.3 ..

.. 1.1 20.6 ..

.. 2.1 20.0 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–0.7 119.3 91.5 50.2 7.0 7.8 76.0 4.9 5.2

–3.5 114.4 101.1 52.6 7.3 6.3 90.2 3.2 4.9

–2.0 48.7 113.2 95.3 5.8 1.5 156.3

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

100.0 5,299 .. 1,219 232 0.81

100.0 5,640 .. 1,659 478 0.79

100.0 9,609 1 1,338 527 0.76

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — — Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

116

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,011 493 6.4 35,264 2.2 1.7 25.9 17.0 72.4 24.5 24.9

21 7 38.4 1.8 43.8 9.6 ..

Jamaica Latin America & Caribbean

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2.6 1.2 15.5 2,930 –0.1 6.7 31.3 13.7 62.0 8.2 43.0 42.6 53.9

2.7 1.2 11.4 3,390 1.8 5.7 33.1 13.6 61.2 15.3 62.3 41.0 60.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 33 .. ..

50 8 6 60.5 1.1 6.3 52.3 33 3.5 ..

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Access to and cost of financing Tax rates Crime and disorder Tax administration Electricity Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

2005

Lower middleincome group 2005 2,475 1,301 5.9 1,923 6.3 11.5 41.9 26.6 46.6 34.2 31.2

57 10 51.3 3.2 50.0 10.0 ..

72.2 60.0 54.4 48.9 45.6 546 5.8 26.4 23.6

13 7.1 31.6 29.7

35,363 3.1 29.1 20.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–2.6 111.0 38.5 37.4 9.2 11.0 28.9 10.7 11.7

–1.2 139.6 35.2 37.3 8.7 2.9 17.9 7.0 9.9

–1.7 .. 39.6 41.2 10.2 7.2 73.1

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

70.1 2,321 .. 332 31 5.20

73.3 2,455 20 1,146 404 0.87

46.3 1,448 22 511 95 2.08

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

117

Japan High income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

Highincome group 2005

126.9 67.6 4.8 34,490 0.6 1.8 32.4 22.2 65.8 –0.7 107.8 11.0 9.6

127.8 66.6 4.7 38,950 1.4 1.7 30.2 21.0 68.1 –0.3 110.2 13.4 11.4

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. ..

11 23 8 8.6 0.6 .. 52.8 30 .. 44.7

.. 0.2 25.2 ..

.. 0.1 22.9 ..

.. 2.1 20.0 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 139.2 110.5 4.6 5.3 223.1 3.8 2.0

.. .. 138.5 120.8 4.2 1.8 186.9 3.6 1.4

–2.0 48.7 113.2 95.3 5.8 1.5 156.3

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

76.6 8,007 .. 1,015 300 1.67

.. 8,072 .. 1,202 668 1.63

100.0 9,609 1 1,338 527 0.76

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — — Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

118

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,011 493 6.4 35,264 2.2 1.7 25.9 17.0 72.4 24.5 24.9

21 7 38.4 1.8 43.8 9.6 ..

Jordan Middle East & North Africa

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

Lower middleincome group 2005

4.9 1.5 13.7 1,770 3.2 2.3 25.5 15.7 72.1 0.7 0.7 41.8 68.6

5.5 1.8 12.4 2,460 6.1 2.8 29.6 19.2 67.6 3.5 0.7 51.9 93.4

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

78 18 11 4.3 4.3 .. 31.9 .. .. 26.4

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

584 9.6 21.1 11.9

141 12.1 23.7 17.2

35,363 3.1 29.1 20.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–2.0 93.7 80.1 85.8 7.0 18.4 77.8 12.3 4.8

–4.7 89.1 83.8 98.6 7.2 13.6 87.2 3.5 4.7

–1.7 .. 39.6 41.2 10.2 7.2 73.1

100.0 1,360 .. 208 26 2.86

100.0 1,602 .. 423 118 1.44

46.3 1,448 22 511 95 2.08

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

2,475 1,301 5.9 1,923 6.3 11.5 41.9 26.6 46.6 34.2 31.2

57 10 51.3 3.2 50.0 10.0 ..

119

Kazakhstan Europe & Central Asia

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Access to and cost of financing Tax rates Tax administration Corruption Business licensing and permits

2005

14.9 7.5 12.8 1,270 1.9 8.7 40.5 17.7 50.8 13.2 142.1 56.6 49.1

15.1 8.1 8.4 2,940 10.1 6.8 39.5 14.6 53.7 7.6 132.9 53.5 44.6

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. ..

63 20 7 8.7 3.3 3.2 45.0 30 11.5 ..

Lower middleincome group 2005 2,475 1,301 5.9 1,923 6.3 11.5 41.9 26.6 46.6 34.2 31.2

57 10 51.3 3.2 50.0 10.0 ..

20.1 15.4 13.7 12.0 9.9

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

475 7.0 17.3 16.5

409 3.5 24.4 19.8

35,363 3.1 29.1 20.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

0.1 21.6 10.2 8.6 13.6 11.9 11.2 .. ..

2.6 7.1 25.4 15.9 8.7 9.6 35.7 .. ..

–1.7 .. 39.6 41.2 10.2 7.2 73.1

86.5 3,081 8 136 7 2.76

93.4 3,621 5 350 27 ..

46.3 1,448 22 511 95 2.08

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

120

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

Kenya Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Access to and cost of financing Corruption Crime and disorder Tax rates Anticompetitive or informal practices

2005

30.7 13.6 .. 430 2.1 32.4 16.9 11.6 50.7 10.0 76.2 21.6 29.6

34.3 15.5 .. 540 3.4 27.0 18.5 11.5 54.4 10.3 75.6 27.4 34.9

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. 87.4

83 54 13 47.3 4.5 11.7 74.2 30 .. ..

Lowincome group 2005 2,352 965 .. 585 6.1 21.5 28.3 15.2 50.2 24.9 29.0

59 10 65.3 3.1 70.5 9.8 ..

72.5 72.5 69.6 67.8 64.1

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

130 0.9 16.7 12.2

421 0.1 18.6 11.9

18,981 1.5 25.3 18.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

2.0 52.6 33.7 31.7 12.9 33.3 28.4 15.3 14.2

–1.5 .. 34.3 33.2 .. 5.2 25.9 8.2 7.8

–3.2 .. 18.0 20.5 .. .. 33.9

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

12.1 112 .. 14 3 7.35

14.1 140 84 143 32 3.00

13.3 375 39 114 44 1.99

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

121

Kiribati East Asia & Pacific

Lower middle income Lower middleincome group 2005

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

0.09 .. .. 1,030 6.4 7.0 9.7 0.9 83.3 .. 1.7 9.6 65.2

0.10 .. .. 1,210 –0.5 8.2 12.4 0.9 79.4 .. 1.3 13.2 107.3

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

60 21 6 4.3 .. .. 34.4 .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

35,363 3.1 29.1 20.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

–1.7 .. 39.6 41.2 10.2 7.2 73.1

.. .. .. 40 17 6.98

.. .. .. .. 20 8.82

46.3 1,448 22 511 95 2.08

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

122

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2,475 1,301 5.9 1,923 6.3 11.5 41.9 26.6 46.6 34.2 31.2

57 10 51.3 3.2 50.0 10.0 ..

Korea, Dem. Rep. East Asia & Pacific

Low income Lowincome group 2005

Country data 2000

2005

Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

21.9 10.3 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

22.5 10.7 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. 3.2 .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

18,981 1.5 25.3 18.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

–3.2 .. 18.0 20.5 .. .. 33.9

6.4 747 .. 23 0 ..

.. 827 .. .. .. ..

13.3 375 39 114 44 1.99

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

2,352 965 .. 585 6.1 21.5 28.3 15.2 50.2 24.9 29.0

59 10 65.3 3.1 70.5 9.8 ..

123

Korea, Rep. High income

Country data 2000

2005

Economic and social context Population (millions) 47.0 48.3 Labor force (millions) 22.6 24.4 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.1 3.5 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 9,800 15,840 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) 3.5 4.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 4.9 3.3 Industry value added (% of GDP) 40.7 40.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 29.4 28.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 54.4 56.3 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 2.3 2.7 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1,131.0 1,024.1 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 40.8 42.5 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 37.7 40.0 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Economic and regulatory policy uncertainty Anticompetitive or informal practices Access to and cost of financing Tax rates Tax administration

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 28 .. ..

23 22 12 91.0 1.5 .. 30.9 27 .. 62.4

Highincome group 2005 1,011 493 6.4 35,264 2.2 1.7 25.9 17.0 72.4 24.5 24.9

21 7 38.4 1.8 43.8 9.6 ..

40.4 16.8 15.7 14.9 9.1

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. 1.8 31.1 ..

.. 0.6 29.3 ..

.. 2.1 20.0 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

4.6 9.6 76.5 80.7 4.6 8.9 91.1 7.8 0.6

0.8 .. 93.6 80.2 5.8 1.2 102.1 6.1 1.9

–2.0 48.7 113.2 95.3 5.8 1.5 156.3

76.7 5,270 .. 1,121 405 1.93

86.8 7,391 0 1,286 684 0.76

100.0 9,609 1 1,338 527 0.76

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

124

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

Kuwait High income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

Highincome group 2005

2.2 1.1 0.8 16,790 1.8 0.4 59.2 2.6 40.5 2.5 0.3 56.5 30.1

2.5 1.4 1.7 30,630 7.3 0.5 51.1 2.3 48.5 4.1 0.3 67.7 30.4

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0 .. ..

46 35 13 42.7 4.2 .. 55.7 .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. 0.0 10.7 ..

.. 0.3 19.7 ..

.. 2.1 20.0 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

1.4 .. 84.1 65.6 11.5 19.2 52.0 –9.7 3.0

8.2 .. 78.7 63.6 12.6 4.5 63.1 –13.6 4.0

–2.0 48.7 113.2 95.3 5.8 1.5 156.3

80.6 13,378 .. 431 68 1.94

85.0 14,955 .. 1,140 276 1.51

100.0 9,609 1 1,338 527 0.76

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

1,011 493 6.4 35,264 2.2 1.7 25.9 17.0 72.4 24.5 24.9

21 7 38.4 1.8 43.8 9.6 ..

125

Kyrgyz Republic Europe & Central Asia

Low income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Tax administration Access to and cost of financing Economic and regulatory policy uncertainty Corruption Tax rates Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

2005

4.9 2.1 12.5 280 5.4 36.8 31.0 19.5 32.2 18.7 47.7 41.8 47.6

5.1 2.3 .. 450 4.0 34.1 20.9 14.1 45.0 4.4 41.0 39.0 58.2

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. ..

90 21 8 17.3 4.0 6.1 67.4 .. .. 28.3

Lowincome group 2005 2,352 965 .. 585 6.1 21.5 28.3 15.2 50.2 24.9 29.0

59 10 65.3 3.1 70.5 9.8 ..

33.7 32.7 32.2 32.2 31.2 5 –0.2 18.3 10.5

4 1.7 14.5 9.7

18,981 1.5 25.3 18.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–2.9 114.5 4.2 4.9 .. .. 4.2 19.5 33.5

.. .. 6.5 7.3 .. .. 8.0 18.6 20.8

–3.2 .. 18.0 20.5 .. .. 33.9

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

91.1 1,687 21 78 10 9.84

.. 1,421 10 190 54 5.40

13.3 375 39 114 44 1.99

126

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

Lao PDR East Asia & Pacific

Low income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

5.3 5.9 2.0 2.4 .. .. 280 430 6.1 6.2 52.6 44.8 22.9 29.5 17.0 20.7 24.5 25.7 25.1 7.2 7,887.6 10,655.2 30.1 27.2 34.4 30.9

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

Lowincome group 2005 2,352 965 .. 585 6.1 21.5 28.3 15.2 50.2 24.9 29.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

159 163 8 19.4 5.0 .. 32.5 .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

6 2.0 20.9 6.9

1,260 1.0 32.0 26.0

18,981 1.5 25.3 18.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 8.8 13.6 .. .. 8.9 5.5 20.0

.. .. 7.6 14.6 .. .. 7.0 17.4 22.1

–3.2 .. 18.0 20.5 .. .. 33.9

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

44.5 .. .. 10 1 9.20

14.4 .. .. 120 4 1.11

13.3 375 39 114 44 1.99

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

59 10 65.3 3.1 70.5 9.8 ..

127

Latvia Europe & Central Asia

Upper middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Tax rates Tax administration Economic and regulatory policy uncertainty Skills and education of available workers Anticompetitive or informal practices

2005

2.4 1.1 14.0 3,240 5.6 4.6 23.6 13.7 71.8 2.7 0.6 41.6 48.7

2.3 1.1 8.7 6,770 7.9 4.1 22.1 12.8 73.8 6.8 0.6 48.1 62.4

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 25 .. 13.8

24 16 5 17.3 3.0 2.9 42.6 15 5.7 ..

Upper middleincome group 2005 600 268 9.8 5,634 3.5 6.2 32.1 19.0 61.7 38.0 35.2

42 9 44.6 3.2 46.5 7.9 ..

29.2 26.7 21.8 17.8 12.4

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

229 5.3 24.2 20.5

100 4.6 29.8 24.2

41,570 3.1 19.9 16.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–2.2 12.0 19.3 16.5 8.5 4.6 16.9 7.8 7.5

–0.9 .. 43.3 27.5 7.6 0.7 59.9 –2.9 3.3

.. .. 48.5 44.0 8.7 2.5 38.8

100.0 2,078 2 479 63 2.05

100.0 2,549 1 1,131 448 1.63

50.5 3,454 2 901 196 1.06

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

128

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

Lebanon Middle East & North Africa

Upper middle income

Country data 2000

2005

Economic and social context Population (millions) 3.4 3.6 Labor force (millions) 1.3 1.4 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 8.6 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 5,100 6,320 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) 2.2 4.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 7.3 6.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 23.7 22.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 13.7 13.6 Services value added (% of GDP) 69.0 71.2 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1,507.5 1,507.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 13.8 19.3 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 36.8 44.3 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Access to and cost of financing Electricity Economic and regulatory policy uncertainty Corruption Legal system and conflict resolution Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

86 46 6 17.3 4.0 .. 37.3 .. .. ..

Upper middleincome group 2005 600 268 9.8 5,634 3.5 6.2 32.1 19.0 61.7 38.0 35.2

42 9 44.6 3.2 46.5 7.9 ..

16.5 12.5 12.5 11.4 11.4 196 5.7 20.8 15.9

3 11.7 20.3 17.9

41,570 3.1 19.9 16.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–18.9 .. .. .. 6.4 7.8 90.2 21.5 6.9

–8.4 .. .. .. .. 15.8 76.3 10.3 2.5

.. .. 48.5 44.0 8.7 2.5 38.8

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

84.9 2,311 .. 388 88 4.48

.. 2,499 .. 554 196 2.19

50.5 3,454 2 901 196 1.06

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

129

Lesotho Sub-Saharan Africa

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Access to and cost of financing Crime and disorder Tax administration Tax rates Electricity; corruption

2005

1.8 0.65 39.3 630 2.2 18.6 41.1 16.8 40.4 6.1 6.9 29.8 92.4

1.8 0.63 .. 950 2.9 17.3 41.4 18.5 41.3 3.4 6.4 47.9 88.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

114 73 8 44.3 2.6 19.8 25.6 .. .. ..

Lower middleincome group 2005 2,475 1,301 5.9 1,923 6.3 11.5 41.9 26.6 46.6 34.2 31.2

57 10 51.3 3.2 50.0 10.0 ..

54.1 45.9 43.2 41.9 35.1

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

3 13.7 44.6 36.6

3 6.3 40.6 32.7

35,363 3.1 29.1 20.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–2.5 67.8 .. .. .. .. 14.2 10.7 12.2

5.1 .. 20.2 22.0 .. .. 8.4 8.3 7.8

–1.7 .. 39.6 41.2 10.2 7.2 73.1

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

18.3 .. .. 25 2 2.31

.. .. 19 163 24 3.28

46.3 1,448 22 511 95 2.08

130

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

Liberia Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income Lowincome group 2005

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

3.1 1.1 .. 130 38.9 72.0 11.6 9.4 16.4 .. 41.0 23.2 31.6

3.3 1.2 .. 130 –6.8 63.6 15.2 12.0 21.1 .. 57.1 36.6 50.2

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. 3.7 4.9 2.0

7 35.4 15.9 4.1

18,981 1.5 25.3 18.2

.. .. .. .. .. .. 3.1 22.1 14.3

.. .. .. .. .. .. 6.6 7.4 13.6

–3.2 .. 18.0 20.5 .. .. 33.9

6.2 .. .. 3 0 ..

.. .. .. .. .. ..

13.3 375 39 114 44 1.99

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — — Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

2005

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

2,352 965 .. 585 6.1 21.5 28.3 15.2 50.2 24.9 29.0

59 10 65.3 3.1 70.5 9.8 ..

131

Libya Middle East & North Africa

Upper middle income Upper middleincome group 2005

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

5.3 1.9 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. –2.9 0.5 35.0 15.2

5.9 2.3 .. 5,530 5.3 .. .. .. .. –2.2 1.3 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. 12.9 ..

.. .. .. ..

41,570 3.1 19.9 16.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 36.8 26.7 .. .. 26.8 –13.4 4.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. 9.0 –14.7 4.0

.. .. 48.5 44.0 8.7 2.5 38.8

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

57.2 2,243 .. 122 2 ..

.. 2,519 .. 156 36 ..

50.5 3,454 2 901 196 1.06

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — — Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

132

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

600 268 9.8 5,634 3.5 6.2 32.1 19.0 61.7 38.0 35.2

42 9 44.6 3.2 46.5 7.9 ..

Liechtenstein High income Highincome group 2005

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

0.03 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 15 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 15 .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. 2.1 20.0 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

–2.0 48.7 113.2 95.3 5.8 1.5 156.3

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

.. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. 1,366 633 ..

100.0 9,609 1 1,338 527 0.76

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

1,011 493 6.4 35,264 2.2 1.7 25.9 17.0 72.4 24.5 24.9

21 7 38.4 1.8 43.8 9.6 ..

133

Lithuania Europe & Central Asia

Upper middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Tax rates Access to land Economic and regulatory policy uncertainty Anticompetitive or informal practices Tax administration

2005

3.5 1.7 16.4 3,180 4.3 7.8 29.6 19.3 62.5 1.0 4.0 44.6 50.9

3.4 1.6 8.3 7,210 7.8 5.7 33.5 21.5 60.8 2.7 2.8 58.4 65.4

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 24 .. ..

16 26 7 30.3 1.7 5.1 48.4 15 2.6 16.5

Upper middleincome group 2005 600 268 9.8 5,634 3.5 6.2 32.1 19.0 61.7 38.0 35.2

42 9 44.6 3.2 46.5 7.9 ..

40.7 26.5 22.1 17.2 15.7

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

388 3.3 18.7 19.6

98 4.0 22.3 ..

41,570 3.1 19.9 16.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–2.8 .. 17.1 15.3 10.2 11.3 11.4 10.2 8.3

–0.4 21.4 27.2 23.7 7.3 2.5 34.9 2.9 4.5

.. .. 48.5 44.0 8.7 2.5 38.8

91.3 2,517 1 489 64 3.10

.. 3,145 1 1,510 358 1.55

50.5 3,454 2 901 196 1.06

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

134

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

Luxembourg High income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

Highincome group 2005

0.44 0.19 2.4 43,490 6.3 0.7 18.4 11.3 81.0 3.1 1.1 150.0 129.0

0.46 0.20 4.8 58,050 3.3 0.4 16.3 9.4 83.3 2.5 0.8 158.1 135.8

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 22 .. 53.7

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. 523.4 20.8 ..

.. 301.3 20.3 ..

.. 2.1 20.0 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

5.5 4.9 103.4 300.6 4.0 0.5 102.2 5.7 2.0

–1.6 4.0 113.3 318.4 4.5 0.2 133.2 .. ..

–2.0 48.7 113.2 95.3 5.8 1.5 156.3

100.0 15,425 .. 1,261 228 15.96

100.0 16,462 .. 2,112 690 ..

100.0 9,609 1 1,338 527 0.76

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

1,011 493 6.4 35,264 2.2 1.7 25.9 17.0 72.4 24.5 24.9

21 7 38.4 1.8 43.8 9.6 ..

135

Macao, China High income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

Highincome group 2005

0.44 0.22 6.6 14,170 –1.1 0.0 13.4 8.6 77.4 –1.6 8.0 104.3 67.1

0.46 0.26 4.8 .. 13.5 0.0 11.7 3.4 70.2 4.4 8.0 96.3 59.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 15 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 15 .. ..

.. 6.2 11.9 ..

.. .. 26.3 ..

.. 2.1 20.0 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

1.7 .. 82.8 170.7 .. .. 83.0 11.0 4.6

8.8 .. 42.6 137.1 .. .. 46.2 –1.6 5.5

–2.0 48.7 113.2 95.3 5.8 1.5 156.3

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

100.0 .. .. 717 135 1.12

100.0 .. .. 1,537 369 1.12

100.0 9,609 1 1,338 527 0.76

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — — Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

136

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,011 493 6.4 35,264 2.2 1.7 25.9 17.0 72.4 24.5 24.9

21 7 38.4 1.8 43.8 9.6 ..

Macedonia, FYR Europe & Central Asia

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

2.0 0.83 32.4 1,850 3.0 12.0 33.7 20.7 54.2 5.8 65.9 48.6 63.5

2.0 0.86 37.2 2,830 1.7 12.9 29.3 18.4 57.7 0.0 49.3 45.1 62.5

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

92 18 10 21.7 3.7 8.2 43.5 .. 6.6 27.5

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Access to and cost of financing Anticompetitive or informal practices Corruption Legal system and conflict resolution Economic and regulatory policy uncertainty

Lower middleincome group 2005 2,475 1,301 5.9 1,923 6.3 11.5 41.9 26.6 46.6 34.2 31.2

57 10 51.3 3.2 50.0 10.0 ..

41.0 34.0 32.4 28.7 25.5

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

429 4.9 16.2 11.5

114 1.7 17.2 11.5

35,363 3.1 29.1 20.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. 17.8 9.9 7.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. 25.9 8.8 5.6

–1.7 .. 39.6 41.2 10.2 7.2 73.1

63.8 2,932 4 310 25 3.95

.. 3,183 2 882 79 ..

46.3 1,448 22 511 95 2.08

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

137

Madagascar Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income

Country data 2000

2005

Economic and social context Population (millions) 16.2 18.6 Labor force (millions) 7.3 8.6 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 4.5 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 240 290 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) 3.9 2.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 28.8 27.9 Industry value added (% of GDP) 14.4 15.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 12.2 14.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 56.8 56.4 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 12.0 18.5 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1,353.5 2,003.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 30.7 25.6 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 38.0 40.3 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Access to and cost of financing Corruption Tax rates Anticompetitive or informal practices Tax administration Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

138

2007

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

149 21 10 30.3 .. 20.8 43.2 .. 4.5 ..

Lowincome group 2005 2,352 965 .. 585 6.1 21.5 28.3 15.2 50.2 24.9 29.0

59 10 65.3 3.1 70.5 9.8 ..

68.3 46.1 44.7 44.7 42.0 10 2.1 15.0 8.3

13 0.6 22.4 12.3

18,981 1.5 25.3 18.2

–10.2 559.4 10.1 13.2 7.1 8.6 9.2 18.0 11.5

–22.5 .. 12.5 15.1 6.2 10.1 9.9 7.3 8.3

–3.2 .. 18.0 20.5 .. .. 33.9

11.6 .. .. 7 2 8.98

.. .. 78 31 5 0.59

13.3 375 39 114 44 1.99

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

Malawi Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Access to and cost of financing Electricity Tax rates Anticompetitive or informal practices Tax administration

2005

11.5 5.4 0.9 150 3.8 39.5 17.9 12.9 42.5 29.6 59.5 25.6 35.3

12.9 5.9 .. 160 3.4 34.7 19.4 12.5 45.9 15.4 118.4 26.8 53.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 38 .. 64.9

110 37 10 84.3 2.6 5.8 32.6 .. 13.0 ..

Lowincome group 2005 2,352 965 .. 585 6.1 21.5 28.3 15.2 50.2 24.9 29.0

59 10 65.3 3.1 70.5 9.8 ..

27.6 19.2 9.6 7.1 6.4

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

5 1.5 12.3 2.3

0.9 0.1 13.7 3.3

18,981 1.5 25.3 18.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 7.6 14.9 .. .. 9.1 17.3 19.9

.. .. 11.1 19.3 .. .. 10.5 15.3 22.2

–3.2 .. 18.0 20.5 .. .. 33.9

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

19.0 .. .. 8 1 4.32

45.0 .. 63 41 4 ..

13.3 375 39 114 44 1.99

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

139

Malaysia East Asia & Pacific

Upper middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

Upper middleincome group 2005

23.0 9.7 3.0 3,430 3.7 8.8 50.7 32.6 40.5 1.5 3.8 124.4 104.5

25.3 11.0 3.5 4,970 4.8 8.7 51.8 30.6 39.6 3.0 3.8 123.4 99.9

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 28 .. ..

25 30 9 88.0 2.3 .. 35.2 28 .. 20.5

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

5,525 4.2 25.6 31.8

2,666 3.0 20.0 ..

41,570 3.1 19.9 16.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–3.1 .. 97.5 111.8 8.5 15.4 177.9 2.7 4.3

–4.3 .. 102.0 109.7 7.9 9.9 128.3 1.3 3.0

.. .. 48.5 44.0 8.7 2.5 38.8

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

77.9 2,774 .. 424 216 2.37

81.3 3,166 .. 943 435 0.71

50.5 3,454 2 901 196 1.06

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

140

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

600 268 9.8 5,634 3.5 6.2 32.1 19.0 61.7 38.0 35.2

42 9 44.6 3.2 46.5 7.9 ..

Maldives South Asia

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

Lower middleincome group 2005

0.29 0.09 2.0 2,010 8.7 .. .. .. .. –1.2 11.8 89.5 71.6

0.33 0.12 .. 2,320 5.5 .. .. .. .. 3.3 12.8 62.1 110.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

53 13 5 8.7 6.7 .. 9.3 .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

2 2.1 26.3 ..

40 1.2 35.0 ..

35,363 3.1 29.1 20.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–5.0 40.9 21.2 31.5 .. .. 19.1 11.3 6.1

–13.1 69.3 38.1 55.4 .. .. 55.9 8.7 6.5

–1.7 .. 39.6 41.2 10.2 7.2 73.1

.. .. .. 111 21 11.72

.. .. .. 564 59 5.86

46.3 1,448 22 511 95 2.08

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

2,475 1,301 5.9 1,923 6.3 11.5 41.9 26.6 46.6 34.2 31.2

57 10 51.3 3.2 50.0 10.0 ..

141

Mali Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Access to and cost of financing Corruption Anticompetitive or informal practices Access to land Tax rates

2005

11.6 4.8 3.3 220 5.5 41.6 20.6 3.8 37.9 –0.7 712.0 26.8 39.4

13.5 5.5 8.8 380 5.9 36.6 24.2 3.2 39.3 6.4 527.5 25.9 37.2

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

155 42 13 31.4 3.6 7.5 50.0 .. .. ..

Lowincome group 2005 2,352 965 .. 585 6.1 21.5 28.3 15.2 50.2 24.9 29.0

59 10 65.3 3.1 70.5 9.8 ..

63.6 48.7 42.9 38.3 36.4

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

366 3.4 24.6 15.9

55 3.0 22.7 15.0

18,981 1.5 25.3 18.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 15.8 13.1 .. .. 16.6 .. ..

.. .. 20.0 18.2 .. .. 18.4 .. ..

–3.2 .. 18.0 20.5 .. .. 33.9

12.1 .. .. 4 1 12.64

18.0 .. 10 70 4 ..

13.3 375 39 114 44 1.99

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

142

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

Malta High income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

Highincome group 2005

0.39 0.15 6.5 9,590 4.4 .. .. .. .. 2.4 0.4 92.7 102.5

0.40 0.17 7.2 13,610 –0.3 .. .. .. .. 3.0 0.3 71.2 81.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 35 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 35 .. 77.2

.. .. 22.2 ..

.. .. 21.6 ..

.. 2.1 20.0 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–5.3 54.5 132.5 125.9 .. .. 107.4 –2.2 2.4

–5.1 88.0 143.6 131.2 .. .. 105.5 2.7 2.8

–2.0 48.7 113.2 95.3 5.8 1.5 156.3

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

88.0 4,313 .. 817 131 3.41

87.5 4,797 .. 1,304 315 0.77

100.0 9,609 1 1,338 527 0.76

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — — Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

1,011 493 6.4 35,264 2.2 1.7 25.9 17.0 72.4 24.5 24.9

21 7 38.4 1.8 43.8 9.6 ..

143

Marshall Islands East Asia & Pacific

Lower middle income Lower middleincome group 2005

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

0.05 .. 30.9 2,540 –3.7 9.4 18.6 3.7 72.1 .. .. .. ..

0.06 .. .. 2,930 2.7 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

87 17 5 0.0 2.0 .. 66.6 .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

35,363 3.1 29.1 20.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

–1.7 .. 39.6 41.2 10.2 7.2 73.1

.. .. .. 84 15 ..

.. .. .. 86 35 ..

46.3 1,448 22 511 95 2.08

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

144

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2,475 1,301 5.9 1,923 6.3 11.5 41.9 26.6 46.6 34.2 31.2

57 10 51.3 3.2 50.0 10.0 ..

Mauritania Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

2.6 1.0 .. 460 2.3 27.6 29.7 9.0 42.6 3.3 238.9 46.2 74.2

3.1 1.2 .. 580 4.0 23.7 29.3 5.0 47.0 12.1 265.5 35.6 95.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

148 82 11 31.4 8.0 .. 104.3 .. .. ..

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Access to and cost of financing Anticompetitive or informal practices Electricity Tax rates Customs and trade regulations

Lowincome group 2005 2,352 965 .. 585 6.1 21.5 28.3 15.2 50.2 24.9 29.0

59 10 65.3 3.1 70.5 9.8 ..

21.6 14.4 13.0 12.8 10.5

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

43 3.7 19.4 ..

.. 6.2 44.5 ..

18,981 1.5 25.3 18.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. 23.1 23.9 16.2

.. .. .. .. .. .. 27.0 3.6 15.1

–3.2 .. 18.0 20.5 .. .. 33.9

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

11.3 .. .. 13 2 4.36

.. .. 42 256 7 ..

13.3 375 39 114 44 1.99

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

145

Mauritius Sub-Saharan Africa

Upper middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Access to and cost of financing Business licensing and permits Skills and education of available workers Anticompetitive or informal practices Corruption

2005

1.2 0.53 8.8 3,740 5.5 5.9 31.2 23.7 62.9 4.2 26.2 62.7 64.6

1.2 0.57 8.5 5,250 4.0 6.1 28.2 20.2 65.7 4.9 29.5 56.5 60.9

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 25 .. 62.2

32 46 6 34.7 1.7 9.6 24.8 25 .. ..

Upper middleincome group 2005 600 268 9.8 5,634 3.5 6.2 32.1 19.0 61.7 38.0 35.2

42 9 44.6 3.2 46.5 7.9 ..

52.7 46.8 42.9 37.6 36.1

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

338 5.9 25.3 17.5

46 0.6 21.3 14.8

41,570 3.1 19.9 16.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–1.1 34.5 68.0 70.6 .. .. 60.7 16.5 11.2

–2.1 43.8 74.0 74.1 .. .. 76.7 15.5 13.8

.. .. 48.5 44.0 8.7 2.5 38.8

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

97.0 .. .. 388 73 4.00

100.0 .. .. 862 146 1.59

50.5 3,454 2 901 196 1.06

146

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

Mayotte Sub-Saharan Africa

Upper middle income Upper middleincome group 2005

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

0.18 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

41,570 3.1 19.9 16.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. 48.5 44.0 8.7 2.5 38.8

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

.. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. ..

50.5 3,454 2 901 196 1.06

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

600 268 9.8 5,634 3.5 6.2 32.1 19.0 61.7 38.0 35.2

42 9 44.6 3.2 46.5 7.9 ..

147

Mexico Latin America & Caribbean

Upper middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Anticompetitive or informal practices Corruption Tax rates Access to and cost of financing Economic and regulatory policy uncertainty Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

148

2007

2005

98.0 39.4 2.2 5,110 5.4 4.2 28.0 20.3 67.8 9.5 9.5 30.9 32.9

103.1 42.3 3.0 7,310 1.9 3.8 25.9 17.7 70.2 4.0 10.9 29.9 31.5

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 35 .. ..

43 27 8 74.3 1.8 .. 37.1 33 .. 28.3

Upper middleincome group 2005 600 268 9.8 5,634 3.5 6.2 32.1 19.0 61.7 38.0 35.2

42 9 44.6 3.2 46.5 7.9 ..

19.0 17.8 10.6 8.7 8.5 5,277 3.1 21.4 17.8

4,763 2.4 19.3 15.0

41,570 3.1 19.9 16.2

–1.2 23.2 32.7 24.6 9.6 5.8 18.3 4.3 8.7

.. .. 26.8 23.0 12.0 1.8 18.2 4.0 6.2

.. .. 48.5 44.0 8.7 2.5 38.8

32.8 1,795 .. 270 52 3.01

49.5 1,838 .. 650 181 0.83

50.5 3,454 2 901 196 1.06

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

Micronesia, Fed. Sts. East Asia & Pacific

Lower middle income Lower middleincome group 2005

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

0.11 .. .. 2,170 –1.8 .. .. .. .. .. 1.0 .. ..

0.11 .. .. 2,300 0.7 .. .. .. .. .. 1.0 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

106 16 7 0.0 5.3 .. 61.3 .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

35,363 3.1 29.1 20.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. 33.2 13.0 10.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. 21.3 14.1 14.8

–1.7 .. 39.6 41.2 10.2 7.2 73.1

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

17.5 .. .. 90 37 7.50

.. .. .. 240 127 6.00

46.3 1,448 22 511 95 2.08

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — — Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

2,475 1,301 5.9 1,923 6.3 11.5 41.9 26.6 46.6 34.2 31.2

57 10 51.3 3.2 50.0 10.0 ..

149

Moldova Europe & Central Asia

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Access to and cost of financing Tax rates Economic and regulatory policy uncertainty Tax administration Anticompetitive or informal practices

2005

4.3 2.1 8.5 370 –2.6 29.0 21.7 16.3 49.2 31.3 12.4 49.8 75.4

4.2 2.2 8.1 930 7.1 17.0 24.5 17.3 58.5 13.1 12.6 53.1 91.3

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

103 30 10 28.8 2.8 3.5 48.8 .. 4.6 6.1

Lower middleincome group 2005 2,475 1,301 5.9 1,923 6.3 11.5 41.9 26.6 46.6 34.2 31.2

57 10 51.3 3.2 50.0 10.0 ..

40.4 37.2 30.7 27.2 24.1

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

25 9.9 15.4 13.8

37 6.8 24.4 22.6

35,363 3.1 29.1 20.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–1.5 73.0 14.1 11.0 30.6 20.6 12.7 5.1 8.9

1.9 33.2 23.2 22.5 17.0 4.3 24.2 11.2 6.0

–1.7 .. 39.6 41.2 10.2 7.2 73.1

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

86.1 845 7 169 12 4.10

86.2 1,228 2 480 96 1.46

46.3 1,448 22 511 95 2.08

150

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

Monaco High income Highincome group 2005

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

0.03 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 33 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. 2.1 20.0 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

–2.0 48.7 113.2 95.3 5.8 1.5 156.3

100.0 .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. ..

100.0 9,609 1 1,338 527 0.76

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

1,011 493 6.4 35,264 2.2 1.7 25.9 17.0 72.4 24.5 24.9

21 7 38.4 1.8 43.8 9.6 ..

151

Mongolia East Asia & Pacific

Low income

Country data 2000

2005

Economic and social context Population (millions) 2.4 2.6 Labor force (millions) 1.1 1.2 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 17.5 14.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 400 690 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) 3.0 5.8 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 29.1 21.7 Industry value added (% of GDP) 20.6 29.1 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 4.7 3.1 Services value added (% of GDP) 50.3 49.2 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 6.2 8.9 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1,076.7 1,205.2 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 64.9 76.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 81.6 83.5 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Tax rates Access to and cost of financing Tax administration Corruption Economic and regulatory policy uncertainty

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

45 20 8 8.7 4.0 5.7 32.2 .. 18.0 ..

Lowincome group 2005 2,352 965 .. 585 6.1 21.5 28.3 15.2 50.2 24.9 29.0

59 10 65.3 3.1 70.5 9.8 ..

64.9 64.4 50.5 48.5 39.2

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

11 5.7 31.6 28.8

2 9.7 31.7 29.3

18,981 1.5 25.3 18.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. 95.8 13.0 14.9 .. .. 8.3 21.8 15.9

–0.5 119.8 28.8 34.1 .. .. 37.5 10.7 10.6

–3.2 .. 18.0 20.5 .. .. 33.9

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

3.5 .. .. 113 13 4.92

.. .. 17 279 105 ..

13.3 375 39 114 44 1.99

152

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

Morocco Middle East & North Africa

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Access to and cost of financing Tax rates Access to land Anticompetitive or informal practices Tax administration Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

2005

27.8 10.0 13.6 1,220 3.2 13.8 31.9 17.6 54.2 1.9 10.6 31.4 37.8

30.2 11.1 11.2 1,740 4.3 14.1 29.9 16.6 55.9 1.0 8.9 36.3 42.9

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 35 .. 15.8

115 12 6 85.1 1.8 7.5 52.7 35 46.4 ..

Lower middleincome group 2005 2,475 1,301 5.9 1,923 6.3 11.5 41.9 26.6 46.6 34.2 31.2

57 10 51.3 3.2 50.0 10.0 ..

84.4 62.6 43.4 37.6 33.5 2,135 0.7 24.1 19.4

480 3.0 25.3 21.6

35,363 3.1 29.1 20.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–5.5 63.2 70.7 62.7 9.8 17.5 56.6 11.6 8.2

–5.6 .. 70.8 72.5 7.7 15.7 62.2 9.9 7.9

–1.7 .. 39.6 41.2 10.2 7.2 73.1

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

56.4 500 .. 135 7 2.03

56.9 595 6 455 152 1.69

46.3 1,448 22 511 95 2.08

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

153

Mozambique Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

Lowincome group 2005

17.9 8.6 .. 210 8.7 26.1 26.6 13.3 47.3 12.7 15.2 19.7 41.6

19.8 9.3 .. 310 8.6 22.3 29.8 14.2 47.9 7.2 23.1 32.6 42.3

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 35 .. ..

140 113 13 142.9 5.0 .. 39.2 32 6.6 ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

45 3.7 33.5 23.2

14 1.6 20.4 12.0

18,981 1.5 25.3 18.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 19.1 22.9 8.2 17.8 18.8 8.0 9.3

.. .. 15.6 22.2 6.5 4.6 11.2 12.2 11.7

–3.2 .. 18.0 20.5 .. .. 33.9

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

18.7 60 .. 8 1 6.21

.. 367 .. 40 7 1.17

13.3 375 39 114 44 1.99

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

154

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2,352 965 .. 585 6.1 21.5 28.3 15.2 50.2 24.9 29.0

59 10 65.3 3.1 70.5 9.8 ..

Myanmar East Asia & Pacific

Low income Lowincome group 2005

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

47.7 24.8 .. .. 7.6 57.2 9.7 7.2 33.1 –0.1 6.4 0.4 1.1

50.5 27.4 .. .. 9.2 .. .. .. .. 9.4 5.8 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. .. 12.0 7.5

.. .. .. ..

18,981 1.5 25.3 18.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 11.3 14.6 .. .. 10.4 8.6 5.5

.. .. 7.5 8.9 .. .. 5.6 –2.2 5.5

–3.2 .. 18.0 20.5 .. .. 33.9

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

11.4 74 .. 6 0 0.44

.. 104 .. 13 2 0.17

13.3 375 39 114 44 1.99

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

2,352 965 .. 585 6.1 21.5 28.3 15.2 50.2 24.9 29.0

59 10 65.3 3.1 70.5 9.8 ..

155

Namibia Sub-Saharan Africa

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Crime and disorder Tax rates Access to and cost of financing Skills and education of available workers Corruption

2005

1.9 0.61 33.8 1,870 3.5 11.0 28.4 11.1 60.7 .. 6.9 45.6 51.2

2.0 0.65 .. 2,990 4.6 9.9 31.7 13.5 58.4 2.3 6.4 46.3 45.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 35 .. ..

42 95 10 24.3 1.5 .. 25.6 35 .. ..

Lower middleincome group 2005 2,475 1,301 5.9 1,923 6.3 11.5 41.9 26.6 46.6 34.2 31.2

57 10 51.3 3.2 50.0 10.0 ..

20.6 17.2 11.8 9.4 9.3

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

10 .. 18.8 12.7

9 .. 25.2 17.9

35,363 3.1 29.1 20.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–3.0 .. .. .. 8.7 3.4 45.6 4.2 7.9

–6.8 .. .. .. 7.8 2.0 61.4 8.4 4.4

–1.7 .. 39.6 41.2 10.2 7.2 73.1

13.6 1,259 .. 101 16 4.28

.. 1,389 .. 206 37 ..

46.3 1,448 22 511 95 2.08

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

156

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

Nepal South Asia

Low income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

Lowincome group 2005

24.4 9.2 8.8 220 4.6 39.6 21.5 9.2 38.9 2.5 71.1 23.3 32.4

27.1 10.5 .. 270 2.8 38.2 21.0 7.7 40.8 6.8 71.4 16.1 32.6

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.1

100 31 7 90.0 5.0 .. 32.8 .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

54 0.0 19.3 12.4

34 0.0 18.9 13.2

18,981 1.5 25.3 18.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. 64.6 31.9 35.4 .. .. 30.7 4.7 3.5

–1.2 57.2 9.9 36.8 .. .. .. 3.4 5.9

–3.2 .. 18.0 20.5 .. .. 33.9

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

30.8 58 .. 11 2 5.28

30.3 69 .. 26 4 2.04

13.3 375 39 114 44 1.99

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

2,352 965 .. 585 6.1 21.5 28.3 15.2 50.2 24.9 29.0

59 10 65.3 3.1 70.5 9.8 ..

157

Netherlands High income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

Highincome group 2005

15.9 8.1 3.3 26,660 3.8 2.6 24.8 14.8 72.6 3.0 1.1 69.6 63.9

16.3 8.6 4.3 39,340 0.7 2.1 24.4 14.0 73.6 1.7 0.8 71.2 63.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 35 .. ..

22 10 6 17.3 1.7 .. 48.1 35 6.4 45.0

.. 16.3 21.6 ..

.. 6.5 19.5 ..

.. 2.1 20.0 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

2.0 54.3 146.4 91.7 5.1 1.8 133.7 0.8 1.9

0.0 55.5 172.7 105.9 4.0 1.2 173.4 1.2 0.4

–2.0 48.7 113.2 95.3 5.8 1.5 156.3

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

90.0 6,559 .. 1,296 440 0.56

.. 6,920 .. 1,436 739 0.32

100.0 9,609 1 1,338 527 0.76

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — — Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

158

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,011 493 6.4 35,264 2.2 1.7 25.9 17.0 72.4 24.5 24.9

21 7 38.4 1.8 43.8 9.6 ..

Netherlands Antilles High income Highincome group 2005

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

0.18 0.08 14.0 .. .. .. .. .. .. 5.8 1.8 .. ..

0.18 0.08 15.1 .. .. .. .. .. .. 3.4 1.8 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 35 .. 36.3

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 35 .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. 2.1 20.0 ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 6.3

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 6.8

–2.0 48.7 113.2 95.3 5.8 1.5 156.3

.. 5,562 .. 617 11 ..

.. 5,208 .. .. .. ..

100.0 9,609 1 1,338 527 0.76

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

2005

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

1,011 493 6.4 35,264 2.2 1.7 25.9 17.0 72.4 24.5 24.9

21 7 38.4 1.8 43.8 9.6 ..

159

New Caledonia High income Highincome group 2005

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

0.21 0.09 .. 14,020 0.2 3.7 19.6 4.0 76.7 .. 129.5 13.1 33.0

0.23 0.10 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 96.0 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. 2.1 20.0 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

–2.0 48.7 113.2 95.3 5.8 1.5 156.3

.. .. .. 473 141 3.43

.. .. .. 808 324 3.13

100.0 9,609 1 1,338 527 0.76

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

160

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,011 493 6.4 35,264 2.2 1.7 25.9 17.0 72.4 24.5 24.9

21 7 38.4 1.8 43.8 9.6 ..

New Zealand High income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

Highincome group 2005

3.9 1.9 6.0 13,760 2.5 8.9 25.3 16.9 65.8 2.6 2.2 35.5 33.8

4.1 2.2 3.9 25,920 3.7 .. .. .. .. 3.0 1.4 29.0 30.1

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 33 .. ..

2 12 2 0.0 2.0 .. 36.5 33 .. 82.2

.. 7.6 20.4 ..

.. 1.8 23.5 ..

.. 2.1 20.0 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

1.7 33.9 115.8 85.0 .. .. 111.5 6.5 3.9

4.6 46.4 121.1 88.2 .. .. 133.8 8.8 4.9

–2.0 48.7 113.2 95.3 5.8 1.5 156.3

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

62.8 8,912 .. 874 393 0.80

64.3 8,937 .. 1,283 672 1.30

100.0 9,609 1 1,338 527 0.76

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — — Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

1,011 493 6.4 35,264 2.2 1.7 25.9 17.0 72.4 24.5 24.9

21 7 38.4 1.8 43.8 9.6 ..

161

Nicaragua Latin America & Caribbean

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Access to and cost of financing Corruption Economic and regulatory policy uncertainty Anticompetitive or informal practices Crime and disorder

2005

4.9 1.7 9.8 760 5.0 20.1 27.2 16.4 52.7 11.5 12.7 23.9 51.1

5.1 1.9 7.8 950 3.0 18.6 28.0 17.9 53.4 9.4 16.7 28.0 57.6

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 25 .. 32.8

67 39 6 23.8 2.2 13.0 66.4 .. .. ..

Lower middleincome group 2005 2,475 1,301 5.9 1,923 6.3 11.5 41.9 26.6 46.6 34.2 31.2

57 10 51.3 3.2 50.0 10.0 ..

65.9 65.7 58.2 50.2 39.2

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

219 6.8 26.5 19.8

38 4.9 28.4 21.6

35,363 3.1 29.1 20.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–3.1 .. 31.8 33.5 6.3 5.2 33.2 8.8 7.3

–0.7 .. 28.6 35.3 8.8 8.0 29.1 1.7 8.1

–1.7 .. 39.6 41.2 10.2 7.2 73.1

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

11.1 349 .. 52 10 3.20

.. 417 23 260 27 3.15

46.3 1,448 22 511 95 2.08

162

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

Niger Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

11.8 5.0 .. 160 3.4 37.8 17.8 6.8 44.4 2.9 712.0 17.8 25.7

14.0 5.9 .. 240 3.7 39.9 16.8 6.6 43.4 7.8 527.5 15.0 24.2

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

160 24 11 31.4 5.0 11.5 46.0 .. .. ..

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Tax rates Anticompetitive or informal practices Access to and cost of financing Corruption Tax administration Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

2005

Lowincome group 2005 2,352 965 .. 585 6.1 21.5 28.3 15.2 50.2 24.9 29.0

59 10 65.3 3.1 70.5 9.8 ..

32.8 20.8 12.0 11.2 4.8 13 0.5 11.2 4.6

47 0.4 18.5 8.8

18,981 1.5 25.3 18.2

.. .. 5.8 5.5 .. .. 4.8 .. ..

.. .. 6.4 7.6 .. .. 6.8 .. ..

–3.2 .. 18.0 20.5 .. .. 33.9

7.9 .. .. 2 0 9.03

25.0 .. 11 23 2 ..

13.3 375 39 114 44 1.99

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

163

Nigeria Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — — Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

164

2007

2005

Lowincome group 2005

117.6 42.5 .. 280 2.7 26.3 52.7 3.7 21.0 8.8 101.7 54.3 32.2

131.5 47.9 .. 560 5.9 23.3 56.8 4.0 19.9 13.5 131.3 53.1 35.2

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. ..

108 43 9 49.8 1.5 .. 31.4 .. 7.9 ..

76 2.5 20.3 10.7

2,851 2.0 20.9 11.8

18,981 1.5 25.3 18.2

.. .. 15.5 12.7 7.4 22.6 12.5 –12.2 9.6

.. .. 21.2 17.2 9.9 21.9 14.9 –7.0 7.4

–3.2 .. 18.0 20.5 .. .. 33.9

30.9 77 .. 5 1 7.15

15.0 104 .. 151 38 1.49

13.3 375 39 114 44 1.99

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2,352 965 .. 585 6.1 21.5 28.3 15.2 50.2 24.9 29.0

59 10 65.3 3.1 70.5 9.8 ..

Northern Mariana Islands East Asia & Pacific

Upper middle income Upper middleincome group 2005

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

0.08 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

41,570 3.1 19.9 16.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. 48.5 44.0 8.7 2.5 38.8

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

.. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. ..

50.5 3,454 2 901 196 1.06

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

600 268 9.8 5,634 3.5 6.2 32.1 19.0 61.7 38.0 35.2

42 9 44.6 3.2 46.5 7.9 ..

165

Norway High income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

Highincome group 2005

4.5 2.4 3.4 35,660 3.5 2.2 43.0 11.0 54.9 3.1 8.8 46.7 29.4

4.6 2.5 4.4 60,890 2.0 1.6 43.3 11.1 55.1 1.5 6.4 45.3 28.1

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 28 .. ..

9 13 4 13.0 0.9 .. 46.1 28 7.4 68.4

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. 3.5 18.6 ..

.. 1.1 18.7 ..

.. 2.1 20.0 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

15.9 23.7 66.8 44.4 7.0 1.2 76.4 –6.0 2.2

16.3 37.0 79.2 51.3 5.1 0.7 9.0 –4.1 2.2

–2.0 48.7 113.2 95.3 5.8 1.5 156.3

76.0 24,994 .. 1,253 267 0.40

.. 24,645 .. 1,489 735 ..

100.0 9,609 1 1,338 527 0.76

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

166

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,011 493 6.4 35,264 2.2 1.7 25.9 17.0 72.4 24.5 24.9

21 7 38.4 1.8 43.8 9.6 ..

Oman Middle East & North Africa

Upper middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

2.4 0.91 .. 6,610 3.2 2.0 57.2 5.4 40.8 –1.1 0.4 59.2 31.4

2.6 0.96 .. 9,070 3.0 1.9 56.0 8.4 42.1 1.2 0.4 57.0 42.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 12 .. ..

55 34 9 4.3 4.0 6.9 20.2 12 5.4 2.9

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Access to and cost of financing Labor regulations Skills and education of available workers Access to land Anticompetitive or informal practices

Upper middleincome group 2005 600 268 9.8 5,634 3.5 6.2 32.1 19.0 61.7 38.0 35.2

42 9 44.6 3.2 46.5 7.9 ..

38.0 34.7 34.4 26.4 22.8

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

29 0.4 11.9 4.4

1,047 0.8 17.8 4.2

41,570 3.1 19.9 16.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–4.4 19.1 41.2 27.1 .. .. 36.8 –8.3 2.4

.. .. 41.6 29.9 .. .. 34.9 –1.4 3.7

.. .. 48.5 44.0 8.7 2.5 38.8

27.7 3,089 .. 157 37 7.89

.. 3,836 6 623 111 1.87

50.5 3,454 2 901 196 1.06

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

167

Pakistan South Asia

Low income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Access to and cost of financing Tax administration Tax rates Corruption Economic and regulatory policy uncertainty

2005

138.1 46.7 7.2 480 3.0 26.2 22.6 14.8 51.2 4.4 53.6 13.6 14.8

155.8 56.5 7.7 690 4.8 21.6 25.1 18.2 53.3 9.1 59.5 15.3 19.9

.. .. .. .. .. 8.7 .. .. .. ..

74 24 11 90.0 2.8 .. 43.4 41 4.3 19.0

Lowincome group 2005 2,352 965 .. 585 6.1 21.5 28.3 15.2 50.2 24.9 29.0

59 10 65.3 3.1 70.5 9.8 ..

47.5 46.0 45.6 40.3 40.1

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

77 0.4 16.0 10.4

4,177 2.0 15.3 10.9

18,981 1.5 25.3 18.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–4.1 74.7 30.1 27.6 4.9 19.5 22.5 .. ..

–3.2 .. 37.2 35.7 7.7 10.6 28.4 .. ..

–3.2 .. 18.0 20.5 .. .. 33.9

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

56.0 374 11 24 2 3.60

64.7 425 .. 116 67 1.03

13.3 375 39 114 44 1.99

168

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

Palau East Asia & Pacific

Upper middle income Upper middleincome group 2005

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

.. .. .. .. 1.2 3.9 15.1 1.4 80.0 .. .. 9.6 106.1

0.02 .. .. 7,670 0.9 3.1 19.0 0.4 76.9 .. .. 77.6 81.2

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

62 28 8 0.0 1.0 .. 74.6 .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

41,570 3.1 19.9 16.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. 48.5 44.0 8.7 2.5 38.8

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

.. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. ..

50.5 3,454 2 901 196 1.06

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

600 268 9.8 5,634 3.5 6.2 32.1 19.0 61.7 38.0 35.2

42 9 44.6 3.2 46.5 7.9 ..

169

Panama Latin America & Caribbean

Upper middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Electricity Tax rates Corruption Crime and disorder Access to and cost of financing Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

2005

2.9 1.3 13.5 3,740 5.0 7.2 19.1 10.1 73.6 1.5 1.0 72.6 69.8

3.2 1.5 12.3 4,630 4.3 7.7 16.4 7.8 75.9 3.3 1.0 68.5 72.5

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. 13.7

81 19 7 44.0 2.5 .. 52.4 30 .. ..

Upper middleincome group 2005 600 268 9.8 5,634 3.5 6.2 32.1 19.0 61.7 38.0 35.2

42 9 44.6 3.2 46.5 7.9 ..

30.6 14.6 10.8 7.2 6.6 447 5.4 21.2 17.3

49 6.6 17.3 14.3

41,570 3.1 19.9 16.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–0.8 .. 94.5 67.4 9.6 1.4 101.9 11.9 3.4

.. .. 86.2 69.1 12.8 1.8 91.7 6.2 6.0

.. .. 48.5 44.0 8.7 2.5 38.8

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

34.6 1,301 .. 285 36 4.36

.. 1,466 .. 555 64 ..

50.5 3,454 2 901 196 1.06

170

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

Papua New Guinea East Asia & Pacific

Low income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

Lowincome group 2005

5.3 2.2 2.8 650 0.7 34.4 39.8 7.3 25.8 15.6 2.8 70.4 61.3

5.9 2.6 .. 500 1.6 41.8 39.1 6.3 19.0 1.7 3.1 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 25 .. ..

57 56 8 39.0 3.0 .. 44.3 25 .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

71 2.7 12.1 ..

.. 0.7 .. ..

18,981 1.5 25.3 18.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–1.9 57.7 .. .. .. .. 17.2 4.7 9.1

.. .. .. .. .. .. 13.9 –5.0 10.6

–3.2 .. 18.0 20.5 .. .. 33.9

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

3.5 .. .. 14 8 4.32

.. .. .. 15 23 ..

13.3 375 39 114 44 1.99

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

2,352 965 .. 585 6.1 21.5 28.3 15.2 50.2 24.9 29.0

59 10 65.3 3.1 70.5 9.8 ..

171

Paraguay Latin America & Caribbean

Lower middle income

Country data 2000

2005

Economic and social context Population (millions) 5.3 5.9 Labor force (millions) 2.3 2.8 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 7.6 8.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 1,340 1,040 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) 0.1 2.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 17.0 22.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 22.5 19.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.5 12.4 Services value added (% of GDP) 60.5 58.6 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 9.0 6.8 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 3,486.4 6,178.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 38.2 46.9 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 49.0 53.9 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Anticompetitive or informal practices Access to and cost of financing Corruption Economic and regulatory policy uncertainty Skills and education of available workers

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. 98.4

112 74 17 112.9 3.9 .. 43.2 30 .. ..

Lower middleincome group 2005 2,475 1,301 5.9 1,923 6.3 11.5 41.9 26.6 46.6 34.2 31.2

57 10 51.3 3.2 50.0 10.0 ..

25.8 21.0 14.8 11.5 6.2

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

30 1.5 17.5 ..

37 0.9 20.3 ..

35,363 3.1 29.1 20.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 23.5 26.3 12.4 12.3 29.8 13.1 11.1

1.1 .. 17.2 23.3 11.0 3.2 18.0 22.7 28.2

–1.7 .. 39.6 41.2 10.2 7.2 73.1

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

.. 880 .. 206 7 0.97

.. 816 .. 374 34 0.90

46.3 1,448 22 511 95 2.08

172

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

Peru Latin America & Caribbean

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

26.0 11.6 7.3 2,060 2.4 8.5 29.9 15.8 61.6 3.8 3.5 16.0 18.2

28.0 13.3 10.5 2,650 4.3 7.2 34.8 16.3 58.0 1.6 3.3 24.8 19.2

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. ..

65 72 10 52.0 3.1 .. 40.8 30 1.0 23.9

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Anticompetitive or informal practices Tax administration Economic and regulatory policy uncertainty Access to and cost of financing Tax rates

Lower middleincome group 2005 2,475 1,301 5.9 1,923 6.3 11.5 41.9 26.6 46.6 34.2 31.2

57 10 51.3 3.2 50.0 10.0 ..

22.1 17.9 17.0 9.3 7.7

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

952 1.5 20.2 16.3

834 3.2 18.8 16.0

35,363 3.1 29.1 20.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–2.1 .. 29.3 26.2 9.1 9.0 26.0 23.4 14.6

–0.8 .. 21.5 21.6 7.7 2.1 19.4 11.2 11.5

–1.7 .. 39.6 41.2 10.2 7.2 73.1

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

13.4 679 6 115 31 2.08

14.4 794 .. 280 164 1.80

46.3 1,448 22 511 95 2.08

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

173

Philippines East Asia & Pacific

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Corruption Electricity Tax rates Economic and regulatory policy uncertainty Crime and disorder Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

2005

75.8 30.8 10.1 1,060 3.5 15.8 32.3 22.2 52.0 4.0 44.2 55.4 53.5

83.1 37.1 10.9 1,320 4.7 14.3 32.2 23.3 53.4 7.6 55.1 47.3 52.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 32 .. ..

126 48 11 91.0 5.7 6.9 53.0 32 .. 10.1

Lower middleincome group 2005 2,475 1,301 5.9 1,923 6.3 11.5 41.9 26.6 46.6 34.2 31.2

57 10 51.3 3.2 50.0 10.0 ..

35.2 33.4 30.4 29.5 26.5 2,153 3.0 21.2 17.8

745 1.1 14.9 12.5

35,363 3.1 29.1 20.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–3.9 52.9 49.2 52.8 13.6 24.0 43.8 4.3 2.6

–3.0 69.9 47.4 51.5 12.3 20.0 30.5 3.7 4.6

–1.7 .. 39.6 41.2 10.2 7.2 73.1

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

21.0 514 .. 126 20 2.07

21.6 597 5 459 54 1.20

46.3 1,448 22 511 95 2.08

174

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

Poland Europe & Central Asia

Upper middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Tax rates Access to and cost of financing Economic and regulatory policy uncertainty Tax administration Anticompetitive or informal practices Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

2005

38.5 17.5 16.1 4,570 5.4 5.0 31.7 18.5 63.3 10.1 4.3 27.1 33.5

38.2 17.3 17.7 7,160 3.2 4.8 30.7 18.3 64.5 2.1 3.2 37.0 37.3

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 28 .. 43.3

75 31 10 13.0 3.0 3.8 38.4 19 7.1 ..

Upper middleincome group 2005 600 268 9.8 5,634 3.5 6.2 32.1 19.0 61.7 38.0 35.2

42 9 44.6 3.2 46.5 7.9 ..

57.5 50.7 42.3 36.6 21.4 7,807 5.5 23.7 20.9

2,504 3.2 18.2 14.8

41,570 3.1 19.9 16.2

–2.8 33.0 34.0 33.9 7.1 15.5 26.6 11.9 5.8

–2.3 41.5 38.5 34.9 7.8 7.7 27.4 3.9 4.0

.. .. 48.5 44.0 8.7 2.5 38.8

68.3 3,240 1 460 73 2.92

69.7 3,418 1 1,073 262 1.35

50.5 3,454 2 901 196 1.06

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

175

Portugal High income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Access to and cost of financing Anticompetitive or informal practices Economic and regulatory policy uncertainty Tax rates Business licensing and permits Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

2005

10.2 5.2 3.9 11,590 4.2 3.8 27.6 17.1 68.6 2.8 1.1 29.8 40.6

10.5 5.6 6.7 17,190 0.5 2.9 24.6 15.8 72.5 2.3 0.8 28.5 37.4

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 34 .. ..

40 8 8 98.7 2.0 3.2 47.0 25 2.5 66.4

Highincome group 2005 1,011 493 6.4 35,264 2.2 1.7 25.9 17.0 72.4 24.5 24.9

21 7 38.4 1.8 43.8 9.6 ..

25.6 25.4 21.5 19.6 19.2 .. 5.9 27.1 ..

.. 1.7 21.6 ..

.. 2.1 20.0 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–2.4 .. 132.2 94.9 5.8 2.2 131.5 1.9 2.8

–5.8 73.7 153.0 90.4 5.2 1.6 147.3 .. ..

–2.0 48.7 113.2 95.3 5.8 1.5 156.3

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

86.0 4,014 .. 1,074 164 0.83

.. 4,526 1 1,486 279 1.04

100.0 9,609 1 1,338 527 0.76

176

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

Puerto Rico High income Highincome group 2005

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

3.8 1.4 10.2 10,560 4.4 0.9 41.3 38.3 57.8 .. .. 75.2 98.0

3.9 1.5 10.6 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 20 .. 0.5

19 7 7 0.0 3.8 .. 40.9 20 .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. 2.1 20.0 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

–2.0 48.7 113.2 95.3 5.8 1.5 156.3

94.0 .. .. 583 105 0.87

95.0 .. .. 974 221 ..

100.0 9,609 1 1,338 527 0.76

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

1,011 493 6.4 35,264 2.2 1.7 25.9 17.0 72.4 24.5 24.9

21 7 38.4 1.8 43.8 9.6 ..

177

Qatar High income Highincome group 2005

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

0.61 0.32 3.9 .. .. .. .. .. .. 1.7 3.6 67.3 22.3

0.81 0.47 .. .. 9.7 .. .. .. .. 8.8 3.6 68.3 33.5

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0 .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. .. 19.5 ..

.. .. 33.6 ..

.. 2.1 20.0 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. 26.8 .. ..

.. .. 64.0 44.3 .. .. 31.8 .. ..

–2.0 48.7 113.2 95.3 5.8 1.5 156.3

90.0 14,020 .. 464 49 4.45

.. 15,853 .. 1,134 269 1.95

100.0 9,609 1 1,338 527 0.76

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

178

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,011 493 6.4 35,264 2.2 1.7 25.9 17.0 72.4 24.5 24.9

21 7 38.4 1.8 43.8 9.6 ..

Romania Europe & Central Asia

Upper middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

22.4 11.6 7.1 1,690 –2.1 12.5 36.4 14.5 51.1 45.7 2.2 32.9 38.5

21.6 10.3 8.0 3,910 5.8 10.1 35.0 23.5 54.9 9.0 2.9 33.0 43.4

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 25 .. ..

49 11 5 3.0 4.6 1.5 48.9 25 11.0 18.1

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Tax administration Tax rates Economic and regulatory policy uncertainty Access to and cost of financing Corruption Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

2005

Upper middleincome group 2005 600 268 9.8 5,634 3.5 6.2 32.1 19.0 61.7 38.0 35.2

42 9 44.6 3.2 46.5 7.9 ..

35.6 34.1 33.4 32.9 28.9 1,507 2.8 18.9 ..

1,303 6.7 23.1 20.7

41,570 3.1 19.9 16.2

–2.0 .. 11.7 17.5 8.6 3.3 7.2 .. ..

.. .. 11.1 20.3 8.8 8.3 20.0 .. ..

.. .. 48.5 44.0 8.7 2.5 38.8

49.5 1,988 5 285 36 2.49

50.7 2,271 3 820 208 0.82

50.5 3,454 2 901 196 1.06

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

179

Russian Federation Europe & Central Asia

Upper middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Economic and regulatory policy uncertainty Tax administration Access to and cost of financing Tax rates Corruption Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

180

2007

2005

146.3 71.2 9.8 1,710 1.2 6.4 37.9 17.6 55.6 20.8 28.1 44.1 24.0

143.1 73.2 7.9 4,460 6.2 5.6 38.0 17.9 56.4 12.7 28.3 35.1 21.6

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 35 .. ..

96 28 7 17.3 3.8 6.3 54.2 24 .. 48.2

Upper middleincome group 2005 600 268 9.8 5,634 3.5 6.2 32.1 19.0 61.7 38.0 35.2

42 9 44.6 3.2 46.5 7.9 ..

25.8 24.2 21.8 21.6 15.4 1,930 1.0 16.9 15.1

4,713 2.0 18.2 15.7

41,570 3.1 19.9 16.2

7.0 49.0 18.5 17.4 12.1 7.7 13.3 –9.6 17.9

9.9 .. 25.9 24.4 13.5 3.2 25.7 –7.5 6.7

.. .. 48.5 44.0 8.7 2.5 38.8

67.4 5,209 4 242 20 2.56

.. 5,642 3 1,119 152 2.03

50.5 3,454 2 901 196 1.06

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

Rwanda Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

8.0 3.6 .. 250 9.8 41.4 20.5 11.3 38.1 4.3 389.7 8.3 24.6

9.0 4.2 .. 230 5.1 42.3 20.5 8.2 37.3 9.1 557.8 10.6 31.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

158 16 9 26.0 .. .. 41.1 .. .. ..

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Electricity Tax rates Access to and cost of financing Transportation system Access to land

Lowincome group 2005 2,352 965 .. 585 6.1 21.5 28.3 15.2 50.2 24.9 29.0

59 10 65.3 3.1 70.5 9.8 ..

31.8 26.9 13.6 6.5 6.4

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

8 0.5 17.5 11.6

13 0.4 22.4 12.2

18,981 1.5 25.3 18.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 10.2 11.5 .. .. 10.0 .. ..

.. .. 11.3 13.1 .. 34.1 13.5 .. ..

–3.2 .. 18.0 20.5 .. .. 33.9

8.3 .. .. 7 1 11.23

19.0 .. .. 18 6 2.43

13.3 375 39 114 44 1.99

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

181

Samoa East Asia & Pacific

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

Lower middleincome group 2005

0.18 0.06 .. 1,350 3.3 16.8 26.0 14.8 57.2 1.0 3.3 33.8 57.2

0.18 0.06 .. 2,020 3.9 13.6 27.3 14.7 59.1 1.8 2.7 27.4 50.6

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

41 35 9 8.7 2.5 .. 22.1 .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

10 –0.7 .. ..

.. –0.9 .. ..

35,363 3.1 29.1 20.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. 30.6 8.0 4.5

.. .. .. .. .. .. 40.2 5.1 4.7

–1.7 .. 39.6 41.2 10.2 7.2 73.1

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

14.2 .. .. 62 6 1.36

.. .. .. 130 32 ..

46.3 1,448 22 511 95 2.08

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

182

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2,475 1,301 5.9 1,923 6.3 11.5 41.9 26.6 46.6 34.2 31.2

57 10 51.3 3.2 50.0 10.0 ..

San Marino High income Highincome group 2005

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1.1 .. ..

0.03 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.8 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. 2.1 20.0 ..

1.3 16.5 .. .. .. .. .. 6.5 6.6

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5.7

–2.0 48.7 113.2 95.3 5.8 1.5 156.3

.. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. 1,351 536 ..

100.0 9,609 1 1,338 527 0.76

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — — Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

2005

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes) The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

1,011 493 6.4 35,264 2.2 1.7 25.9 17.0 72.4 24.5 24.9

21 7 38.4 1.8 43.8 9.6 ..

183

São Tomé and Principe Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income

Country data 2000

2005

Economic and social context Population (millions) 0.14 0.16 Labor force (millions) 0.04 0.05 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 14.4 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 310 440 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) 2.1 3.9 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 20.0 14.9 Industry value added (% of GDP) 17.3 12.6 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 4.5 3.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 62.6 72.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 7,978.2 10,558.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 33.4 40.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 81.0 99.4 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

Lowincome group 2005 2,352 965 .. 585 6.1 21.5 28.3 15.2 50.2 24.9 29.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

169 144 10 91.0 .. .. 55.2 .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

2 8.2 36.1 10.6

50 9.9 37.8 21.4

18,981 1.5 25.3 18.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. 7.2 30.1 18.7

.. .. .. .. .. .. 44.7 18.3 18.3

–3.2 .. 18.0 20.5 .. .. 33.9

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

68.1 .. .. 33 47 5.56

.. .. .. 97 131 5.11

13.3 375 39 114 44 1.99

184

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

59 10 65.3 3.1 70.5 9.8 ..

Saudi Arabia High income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

Highincome group 2005

20.7 6.5 4.6 8,140 2.3 4.9 53.9 9.7 41.1 –1.1 3.8 43.7 24.9

23.1 7.5 .. 12,510 4.2 4.0 58.9 10.1 37.1 0.7 3.7 60.7 26.4

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0 .. ..

38 39 13 80.1 2.8 .. 14.9 0 .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

20 .. 17.5 ..

4,457 .. 15.0 ..

.. 2.1 20.0 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 40.6 36.0 9.6 10.4 52.5 .. ..

.. .. 47.6 41.6 8.8 3.0 53.9 .. ..

–2.0 48.7 113.2 95.3 5.8 1.5 156.3

29.9 5,666 .. 210 22 5.20

.. 6,571 .. 740 70 ..

100.0 9,609 1 1,338 527 0.76

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

1,011 493 6.4 35,264 2.2 1.7 25.9 17.0 72.4 24.5 24.9

21 7 38.4 1.8 43.8 9.6 ..

185

Senegal Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Access to and cost of financing Tax rates Anticompetitive or informal practices Tax administration Corruption

2005

10.3 4.1 .. 450 4.5 19.4 20.6 13.0 60.1 0.7 712.0 29.9 39.8

11.7 4.6 .. 700 4.7 17.9 18.9 10.9 63.2 1.7 527.5 27.3 41.6

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 35 .. ..

146 58 10 37.9 3.0 3.2 47.7 .. .. ..

Lowincome group 2005 2,352 965 .. 585 6.1 21.5 28.3 15.2 50.2 24.9 29.0

59 10 65.3 3.1 70.5 9.8 ..

71.0 50.0 48.5 47.3 39.3

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

79 1.4 17.0 11.1

87 0.7 21.6 11.8

18,981 1.5 25.3 18.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–0.9 78.9 19.6 17.2 9.9 18.1 20.0 .. ..

.. .. 22.1 25.2 8.4 14.2 23.8 .. ..

–3.2 .. 18.0 20.5 .. .. 33.9

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

29.3 139 .. 44 4 2.23

29.3 176 26 171 46 1.02

13.3 375 39 114 44 1.99

186

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

Serbia and Montenegro Europe & Central Asia

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

8.1 3.8 12.6 1,250 –0.8 21.1 32.1 22.1 46.8 .. .. 29.6 46.5

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Economic and regulatory policy uncertainty Access to and cost of financing Tax rates Anticompetitive or informal practices Corruption

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

8.1 3.9 15.2 3,220 5.1 16.2 32.9 20.1 50.9 .. .. 26.9 49.7 68a 18a 10a 27.3a 2.7a 8.0a 38.9a .. 9.4 8.4

Lower middleincome group 2005 2,475 1,301 5.9 1,923 6.3 11.5 41.9 26.6 46.6 34.2 31.2

57 10 51.3 3.2 50.0 10.0 ..

61.2a 54.8a 29.4a 29.1a 29.1a

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

355 0.3 15.3 12.2

307a 5.6 18.7 15.9

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–3.0 .. .. .. 18.3 21.6 .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. 17.2 19.8 .. .. ..

–1.7 .. 39.6 41.2 10.2 7.2 73.1

63.0 3,878 9 456 49 1.52

.. 4,029 3 917 148 2.27

46.3 1,448 22 511 95 2.08

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

35,363 3.1 29.1 20.6

a. Serbia only.

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

187

Seychelles Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — — Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

188

2007

2005

Lowincome group 2005

0.08 .. .. 7,440 6.7 2.8 29.0 19.2 68.2 6.3 5.7 75.5 78.0

0.08 .. .. 8,180 –2.5 2.7 28.0 16.7 69.4 0.9 5.5 110.2 120.5

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

84 38 9 38.6 .. .. 48.8 .. .. ..

7 4.0 25.2 11.4

15 11.9 12.9 7.4

41,570 3.1 19.9 16.2

–13.9 .. 90.2 80.7 .. .. 22.3 10.7 6.7

5.1 .. .. .. .. .. 40.6 8.9 6.3

.. .. 48.5 44.0 8.7 2.5 38.8

84.5 .. .. 574 74 5.59

96.0 .. .. 928 249 3.78

50.5 3,454 2 901 196 1.06

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

600 268 9.8 5,634 3.5 6.2 32.1 19.0 61.7 38.0 35.2

42 9 44.6 3.2 46.5 7.9 ..

Sierra Leone Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income Lowincome group 2005

Country data 2000

2005

Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.5 5.5 Labor force (millions) 1.9 2.4 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 140 220 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) –5.2 13.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 58.4 46.1 Industry value added (% of GDP) 28.4 24.4 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 3.5 3.7 Services value added (% of GDP) 13.3 29.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) –0.8 12.1 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 2,092.1 2,889.6 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 18.1 24.0 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 39.4 42.7 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — — Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

2,352 965 .. 585 6.1 21.5 28.3 15.2 50.2 24.9 29.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

168 26 9 328.7 2.6 .. 277.0 .. 29.3 ..

3 6.2 8.0 1.7

0.3 4.9 15.0 11.3

18,981 1.5 25.3 18.2

–9.3 247.4 7.3 8.5 18.5 37.9 2.1 19.0 17.0

–2.5 .. 8.8 10.3 11.6 14.8 4.5 10.2 13.5

–3.2 .. 18.0 20.5 .. .. 33.9

7.9 .. .. 7 1 2.74

.. .. .. .. 2 ..

13.3 375 39 114 44 1.99

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

59 10 65.3 3.1 70.5 9.8 ..

189

Singapore High income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

Highincome group 2005

4.0 2.1 4.4 23,020 5.6 0.1 35.5 27.7 64.4 1.4 1.7 191.6 176.5

4.3 2.2 5.4 27,580 4.2 0.1 33.8 28.4 66.1 0.5 1.7 243.0 213.1

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 26 .. ..

1 6 6 4.0 0.8 .. 28.8 20 12.6 32.2

.. 17.8 30.6 22.5

.. 17.2 21.8 17.3

.. 2.1 20.0 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

11.4 86.9 117.2 109.7 10.0 3.4 109.5 2.0 4.1

4.1 108.9 126.7 107.4 10.5 3.8 101.7 4.7 4.9

–2.0 48.7 113.2 95.3 5.8 1.5 156.3

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

100.0 7,595 .. 1,168 324 0.68

100.0 8,170 .. 1,435 571 0.69

100.0 9,609 1 1,338 527 0.76

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — — Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

190

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,011 493 6.4 35,264 2.2 1.7 25.9 17.0 72.4 24.5 24.9

21 7 38.4 1.8 43.8 9.6 ..

Slovak Republic Europe & Central Asia

Upper middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

5.4 2.6 18.8 3,870 3.6 4.2 30.3 20.9 65.5 12.0 46.0 70.8 73.3

5.4 2.7 18.1 7,950 4.9 3.5 29.4 18.8 67.2 2.7 31.0 78.7 83.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 29 .. ..

36 25 9 13.0 4.0 3.0 48.9 25 14.1 13.1

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Economic and regulatory policy uncertainty Legal system and conflict resolution Anticompetitive or informal practices Access to and cost of financing Corruption

Upper middleincome group 2005 600 268 9.8 5,634 3.5 6.2 32.1 19.0 61.7 38.0 35.2

42 9 44.6 3.2 46.5 7.9 ..

12.7 12.3 11.8 10.9 10.0

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

963 10.2 25.9 24.1

1,425 4.1 26.2 21.1

41,570 3.1 19.9 16.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 81.5 63.9 4.6 13.7 51.3 5.9 6.4

–3.4 37.2 52.1 53.7 7.6 2.0 36.2 4.1 4.2

.. .. 48.5 44.0 8.7 2.5 38.8

87.0 4,956 2 546 94 1.13

87.3 5,088 0 1,065 464 1.06

50.5 3,454 2 901 196 1.06

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

191

Slovenia High income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Access to and cost of financing Tax administration Tax rates Economic and regulatory policy uncertainty Anticompetitive or informal practices

2005

2.0 0.97 7.2 10,780 4.5 3.2 36.2 26.5 60.6 8.9 222.7 55.6 59.1

2.0 1.0 6.1 17,440 3.4 2.5 34.1 24.6 63.4 2.5 192.7 64.6 65.1

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 25 .. ..

61 60 9 39.6 2.0 3.7 39.4 25 7.3 45.6

Highincome group 2005 1,011 493 6.4 35,264 2.2 1.7 25.9 17.0 72.4 24.5 24.9

21 7 38.4 1.8 43.8 9.6 ..

14.9 14.4 12.6 11.3 9.9

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. 0.7 25.6 59.1

.. 1.6 24.4 61.2

.. 2.1 20.0 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–1.1 22.8 43.9 40.3 10.1 6.5 35.8 9.8 5.7

–1.5 .. 53.3 49.4 7.4 4.9 53.3 6.2 4.6

–2.0 48.7 113.2 95.3 5.8 1.5 156.3

100.0 5,778 1 1,006 151 0.81

100.0 6,835 1 1,287 545 0.65

100.0 9,609 1 1,338 527 0.76

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

192

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

Solomon Islands East Asia & Pacific

Low income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

Lowincome group 2005

0.42 0.17 .. 680 –1.7 .. .. .. .. 7.1 5.1 39.6 59.0

0.48 0.19 .. 620 2.4 .. .. .. .. 7.2 7.5 48.0 45.8

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. ..

69 57 7 44.3 1.0 .. 33.6 30 .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. 0.5 21.7 17.1

.. –0.3 35.3 17.2

18,981 1.5 25.3 18.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 22.3 22.8 .. .. 22.2 4.3 12.9

.. .. .. .. .. .. 22.8 7.7 15.1

–3.2 .. 18.0 20.5 .. .. 33.9

2.4 .. .. 21 5 ..

.. .. .. 28 8 ..

13.3 375 39 114 44 1.99

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

2,352 965 .. 585 6.1 21.5 28.3 15.2 50.2 24.9 29.0

59 10 65.3 3.1 70.5 9.8 ..

193

Somalia Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income Lowincome group 2005

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

7.0 3.0 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

8.2 3.5 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

1 .. .. ..

1 .. .. ..

18,981 1.5 25.3 18.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

–3.2 .. 18.0 20.5 .. .. 33.9

11.8 .. .. 15 2 ..

.. .. .. 73 11 ..

13.3 375 39 114 44 1.99

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

194

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2,352 965 .. 585 6.1 21.5 28.3 15.2 50.2 24.9 29.0

59 10 65.3 3.1 70.5 9.8 ..

South Africa Sub-Saharan Africa

Upper middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Skills and education of available workers Labor regulations Crime and disorder Access to and cost of financing Tax rates Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

2005

44.0 18.6 25.8 3,050 2.5 3.3 31.8 19.0 64.9 5.3 6.9 27.9 24.9

46.9 19.6 27.1 4,770 3.7 2.5 30.3 18.6 67.1 3.4 6.4 27.1 28.6

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. 22.0

29 35 9 24.0 2.0 9.2 38.3 30 8.0 ..

Upper middleincome group 2005 600 268 9.8 5,634 3.5 6.2 32.1 19.0 61.7 38.0 35.2

42 9 44.6 3.2 46.5 7.9 ..

35.5 32.8 29.0 22.6 18.6 584 0.7 15.1 13.8

1,191 2.6 17.2 14.4

41,570 3.1 19.9 16.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–2.0 45.3 70.7 50.1 8.7 3.1 133.7 5.2 5.3

0.2 .. 86.7 60.2 8.3 1.5 143.5 5.6 4.6

.. .. 48.5 44.0 8.7 2.5 38.8

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

20.3 4,417 .. 302 55 1.98

.. 4,885 5 825 109 0.79

50.5 3,454 2 901 196 1.06

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

195

Spain High income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Access to and cost of financing Tax rates Anticompetitive or informal practices Skills and education of available workers Business licensing and permits Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

2005

40.3 18.5 13.9 15,420 4.2 4.4 29.2 18.6 66.4 3.4 1.1 29.0 32.2

43.4 20.9 11.0 25,250 3.1 3.3 29.5 16.3 67.2 3.4 0.8 25.4 30.6

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 35 .. ..

39 47 10 56.3 1.0 0.8 59.1 35 10.3 73.0

Highincome group 2005 1,011 493 6.4 35,264 2.2 1.7 25.9 17.0 72.4 24.5 24.9

21 7 38.4 1.8 43.8 9.6 ..

19.7 18.7 15.3 13.8 12.8 .. 6.7 25.8 ..

.. 2.0 29.4 ..

.. 2.1 20.0 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–0.5 58.9 110.8 74.1 8.5 1.2 97.7 1.7 2.2

1.5 44.4 132.0 83.0 4.9 0.6 146.1 .. ..

–2.0 48.7 113.2 95.3 5.8 1.5 156.3

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

99.0 5,207 .. 1,027 136 1.08

.. 5,924 1 1,374 348 0.60

100.0 9,609 1 1,338 527 0.76

196

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

Sri Lanka South Asia

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

19.4 8.2 7.4 810 5.0 19.9 27.3 16.8 52.8 6.2 77.0 39.0 49.6

19.6 8.4 8.5 1,160 4.2 16.8 26.1 14.9 57.1 11.6 100.5 34.0 45.6

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 35 .. ..

89 50 8 177.7 2.2 3.5 74.9 30 7.9 6.3

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Electricity Economic and regulatory policy uncertainty Access to and cost of financing Labor regulations Transportation system

Lower middleincome group 2005 2,475 1,301 5.9 1,923 6.3 11.5 41.9 26.6 46.6 34.2 31.2

57 10 51.3 3.2 50.0 10.0 ..

41.3 34.0 28.0 25.6 22.0

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

160 1.1 28.0 24.8

216 1.2 26.2 21.0

35,363 3.1 29.1 20.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–8.4 96.9 32.1 31.1 4.4 15.3 28.8 8.3 7.0

–7.3 94.2 34.1 33.3 6.7 9.6 32.9 –3.1 –3.2

–1.7 .. 39.6 41.2 10.2 7.2 73.1

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

85.8 277 .. 62 6 3.29

81.0 344 .. 235 14 2.11

46.3 1,448 22 511 95 2.08

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

197

St. Kitts and Nevis Latin America & Caribbean

Upper middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — — Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

198

2007

2005

Upper middleincome group 2005

0.04 .. .. 6,490 4.3 2.7 28.8 10.4 68.5 2.0 2.7 45.6 75.6

0.05 .. .. 7,840 2.6 3.2 27.5 10.1 69.3 1.8 2.7 49.0 61.3

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

85 47 8 60.0 .. .. 52.7 .. .. ..

4 29.2 49.6 39.3

13 10.4 43.2 41.5

41,570 3.1 19.9 16.2

.. .. 109.4 72.7 .. .. 76.6 5.7 6.8

1.2 .. .. .. .. .. 65.8 8.3 5.5

.. .. 48.5 44.0 8.7 2.5 38.8

42.5 .. .. 522 61 ..

.. .. .. 745 .. ..

50.5 3,454 2 901 196 1.06

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

600 268 9.8 5,634 3.5 6.2 32.1 19.0 61.7 38.0 35.2

42 9 44.6 3.2 46.5 7.9 ..

St. Lucia Latin America & Caribbean

Upper middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

Upper middleincome group 2005

0.16 0.07 16.4 4,140 2.9 7.3 19.5 5.1 73.1 3.6 2.7 54.7 65.1

0.16 0.08 24.8 4,580 1.6 5.5 17.9 5.5 76.6 3.9 2.7 59.6 70.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 33 .. ..

27 40 6 56.0 2.0 .. 31.5 33 .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. 7.8 26.5 17.1

15 13.1 21.1 18.9

41,570 3.1 19.9 16.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 87.2 63.8 .. .. 80.1 15.8 8.3

.. .. 91.0 74.0 .. .. 86.1 10.0 7.8

.. .. 48.5 44.0 8.7 2.5 38.8

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

.. .. .. 329 51 ..

.. .. .. .. 339 ..

50.5 3,454 2 901 196 1.06

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

600 268 9.8 5,634 3.5 6.2 32.1 19.0 61.7 38.0 35.2

42 9 44.6 3.2 46.5 7.9 ..

199

St. Vincent & Grenadines Latin America & Caribbean

Upper middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

Upper middleincome group 2005

0.12 0.05 .. 2,730 3.2 10.8 24.0 6.0 65.2 0.2 2.7 53.5 59.7

0.12 0.06 .. 3,530 3.0 8.2 24.6 5.5 67.2 3.7 2.7 44.4 64.8

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

44 12 8 54.0 .. .. 33.6 .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. 11.3 27.3 20.2

35 12.9 39.1 27.8

41,570 3.1 19.9 16.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 76.7 69.1 .. .. 65.4 12.1 6.9

.. .. 80.0 73.2 .. .. 58.4 6.4 6.7

.. .. 48.5 44.0 8.7 2.5 38.8

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

68.0 .. .. 235 30 3.97

70.0 .. .. 782 84 ..

50.5 3,454 2 901 196 1.06

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

200

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

600 268 9.8 5,634 3.5 6.2 32.1 19.0 61.7 38.0 35.2

42 9 44.6 3.2 46.5 7.9 ..

Sudan Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

Lowincome group 2005

32.9 9.2 .. 310 6.3 41.8 21.3 8.1 36.9 5.7 257.1 15.3 17.7

36.2 10.5 .. 640 6.1 33.7 29.7 6.6 36.6 8.5 243.6 18.1 28.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.7

154 39 10 118.1 .. .. 37.1 .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

12 3.2 12.1 9.7

152 8.4 18.5 13.0

18,981 1.5 25.3 18.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–0.4 8.7 .. .. .. .. 2.2 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. 10.0 .. ..

–3.2 .. 18.0 20.5 .. .. 33.9

36.3 63 .. 12 1 42.02

.. 92 .. 69 77 ..

13.3 375 39 114 44 1.99

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

2,352 965 .. 585 6.1 21.5 28.3 15.2 50.2 24.9 29.0

59 10 65.3 3.1 70.5 9.8 ..

201

Suriname Latin America & Caribbean

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

Lower middleincome group 2005

0.43 0.14 13.8 2,070 1.7 11.2 25.2 9.0 63.7 59.4 1.3 19.7 33.2

0.45 0.15 .. 2,540 5.2 10.8 24.4 5.5 64.8 23.0 2.7 40.6 60.3

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

122 694 13 26.0 5.0 .. 27.8 .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. .. 12.4 9.8

.. .. 33.2 26.2

35,363 3.1 29.1 20.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 14.2 20.3 .. .. 8.4 –16.7 13.5

.. .. 23.3 44.0 .. .. 25.8 5.6 10.1

–1.7 .. 39.6 41.2 10.2 7.2 73.1

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

26.0 .. .. 268 27 2.29

26.3 .. .. 699 71 1.33

46.3 1,448 22 511 95 2.08

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

202

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2,475 1,301 5.9 1,923 6.3 11.5 41.9 26.6 46.6 34.2 31.2

57 10 51.3 3.2 50.0 10.0 ..

Swaziland Sub-Saharan Africa

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

1.0 0.31 25.2 1,370 3.4 15.5 44.8 35.8 39.7 12.2 6.9 81.6 97.2

1.1 0.34 .. 2,280 2.3 11.5 47.6 36.9 40.9 4.8 6.4 88.3 95.4

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. ..

76 61 13 53.2 2.0 .. 39.5 30 .. ..

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Anticompetitive or informal practices Crime and disorder Tax rates Access to and cost of financing Electricity

Lower middleincome group 2005 2,475 1,301 5.9 1,923 6.3 11.5 41.9 26.6 46.6 34.2 31.2

57 10 51.3 3.2 50.0 10.0 ..

25.2 18.5 15.4 10.3 6.8

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

5 6.6 19.9 13.7

3 –0.6 18.5 10.5

35,363 3.1 29.1 20.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 14.4 21.4 .. .. 13.7 1.5 7.5

–2.6 .. 15.8 17.2 .. .. 20.0 5.5 6.6

–1.7 .. 39.6 41.2 10.2 7.2 73.1

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

.. .. .. 62 10 3.68

.. .. .. 208 32 2.97

46.3 1,448 22 511 95 2.08

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

203

Sweden High income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

Highincome group 2005

8.9 4.6 5.8 28,870 3.3 1.9 28.6 22.0 69.5 0.9 9.2 45.9 40.0

9.0 4.7 6.5 40,910 2.3 1.1 28.2 19.7 70.7 0.5 7.5 48.6 40.9

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 28 .. ..

13 16 3 26.0 2.0 .. 57.0 28 5.3 99.6

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. 9.1 17.5 ..

.. 3.0 17.0 ..

.. 2.1 20.0 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

3.2 61.9 47.6 37.1 6.5 1.6 43.2 4.4 3.7

2.1 54.3 110.1 43.4 5.8 1.1 111.7 2.1 2.5

–2.0 48.7 113.2 95.3 5.8 1.5 156.3

77.5 15,687 .. 1,477 456 0.36

.. 15,424 .. 1,804 764 0.41

100.0 9,609 1 1,338 527 0.76

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

204

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,011 493 6.4 35,264 2.2 1.7 25.9 17.0 72.4 24.5 24.9

21 7 38.4 1.8 43.8 9.6 ..

Switzerland High income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

Highincome group 2005

7.2 4.0 2.7 40,110 2.0 1.7 28.7 20.2 69.6 1.5 1.7 45.7 40.0

7.4 4.2 4.3 55,320 0.9 1.3 28.3 19.8 70.4 1.2 1.2 46.2 38.9

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 45 .. ..

15 20 6 13.0 3.0 .. 24.9 9 7.0 46.9

.. 8.0 22.8 ..

.. 4.2 20.9 ..

.. 2.1 20.0 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

2.2 26.0 175.6 152.8 6.0 4.1 161.0 3.5 1.3

.. .. 170.5 148.2 5.1 0.5 166.8 2.5 2.4

–2.0 48.7 113.2 95.3 5.8 1.5 156.3

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

.. 7,842 .. 1,374 292 0.21

100.0 8,204 4 1,609 498 0.32

100.0 9,609 1 1,338 527 0.76

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — — Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

1,011 493 6.4 35,264 2.2 1.7 25.9 17.0 72.4 24.5 24.9

21 7 38.4 1.8 43.8 9.6 ..

205

Syrian Arab Republic Middle East & North Africa

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Tax rates Tax administration Electricity Corruption Business licensing and permits

2005

16.8 6.0 11.6 930 2.2 23.8 37.9 6.5 38.3 –3.8 11.2 35.4 28.6

19.0 7.6 12.3 1,380 3.7 23.3 35.3 30.5 41.4 .. 11.2 36.6 40.2

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

130 43 12 79.8 4.1 10.3 35.5 .. .. ..

Lower middleincome group 2005 2,475 1,301 5.9 1,923 6.3 11.5 41.9 26.6 46.6 34.2 31.2

57 10 51.3 3.2 50.0 10.0 ..

62.3 57.7 57.5 57.1 45.9

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

161 1.5 17.3 6.3

170 1.6 20.3 9.1

35,363 3.1 29.1 20.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 33.6 32.6 .. .. 8.3 –0.6 5.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. 11.8 2.1 7.0

–1.7 .. 39.6 41.2 10.2 7.2 73.1

20.1 1,039 .. 101 2 4.81

.. 1,317 39 307 58 ..

46.3 1,448 22 511 95 2.08

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

206

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

Tajikistan Europe & Central Asia

Low income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Tax rates Tax administration Corruption Business licensing and permits Access to land Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

2005

6.2 2.0 .. 180 1.1 27.4 38.9 33.7 33.7 .. 2.1 84.3 86.3

6.5 2.1 .. 330 9.6 24.4 31.9 24.1 43.7 .. 3.1 53.9 72.8

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 14.8

133 67 14 21.7 3.0 3.3 87.0 .. .. ..

Lowincome group 2005 2,352 965 .. 585 6.1 21.5 28.3 15.2 50.2 24.9 29.0

59 10 65.3 3.1 70.5 9.8 ..

22.0 22.0 14.5 12.0 11.0 9 2.4 9.5 2.8

.. 2.4 12.8 5.9

18,981 1.5 25.3 18.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–0.8 114.1 .. .. .. .. 13.8 2.4 24.3

–6.6 .. .. .. .. .. 17.2 13.4 13.5

–3.2 .. 18.0 20.5 .. .. 33.9

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

.. 2,182 34 36 0 8.10

.. 2,240 32 46 1 7.84

13.3 375 39 114 44 1.99

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

207

Tanzania Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Electricity Access to and cost of financing Tax rates Transportation system Access to land

2005

34.8 38.3 17.3 19.3 5.1 .. 260 340 3.9 6.9 45.0 44.5 15.7 17.8 7.5 7.5 39.2 37.6 5.9 8.6 800.4 1,128.9 14.4 17.1 22.7 26.3 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. 74.6

142 30 13 32.0 3.0 .. 45.0 30 .. ..

Lowincome group 2005 2,352 965 .. 585 6.1 21.5 28.3 15.2 50.2 24.9 29.0

59 10 65.3 3.1 70.5 9.8 ..

72.9 9.3 3.9 3.2 2.6

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

40 5.1 17.4 11.4

121 3.9 18.8 11.3

18,981 1.5 25.3 18.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. 4.6 13.1 14.2

.. .. .. .. .. .. 10.4 11.0 10.4

–3.2 .. 18.0 20.5 .. .. 33.9

4.2 57 .. 8 1 10.70

8.6 53 61 56 9 3.17

13.3 375 39 114 44 1.99

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

208

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

Thailand East Asia & Pacific

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Skills and education of available workers Economic and regulatory policy uncertainty Electricity Tax rates Tax administration

2005

61.4 33.6 2.4 1,990 –0.7 9.0 42.0 33.6 49.0 1.6 40.1 66.8 58.1

64.2 35.7 1.5 2,720 5.4 9.9 44.1 34.7 46.0 4.5 40.2 73.6 75.2

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. 13.5

18 33 8 54.3 2.7 1.3 40.2 30 9.8 ..

Lower middleincome group 2005 2,475 1,301 5.9 1,923 6.3 11.5 41.9 26.6 46.6 34.2 31.2

57 10 51.3 3.2 50.0 10.0 ..

30.0 29.1 25.6 24.4 22.3

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

1,370 2.7 22.0 13.8

2,427 2.6 29.0 21.7

35,363 3.1 29.1 20.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 102.3 102.8 7.5 17.7 108.3 6.4 4.5

2.5 27.3 81.1 91.3 9.8 11.1 93.1 1.2 3.9

–1.7 .. 39.6 41.2 10.2 7.2 73.1

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

98.5 1,484 .. 141 37 2.19

.. 1,865 1 537 110 0.67

46.3 1,448 22 511 95 2.08

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

209

Timor-Leste East Asia & Pacific

Low income Lowincome group 2005

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

0.78 0.28 .. 430 .. 25.8 18.5 2.8 55.8 .. 180.1 .. ..

0.98 0.39 .. 600 –0.3 31.6 14.9 3.7 53.5 .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

174 92 10 34.5 .. .. 59.2 .. .. 4.5

.. .. 41.3 7.1

.. .. 32.0 9.0

18,981 1.5 25.3 18.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

–3.2 .. 18.0 20.5 .. .. 33.9

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

.. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. ..

13.3 375 39 114 44 1.99

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — — Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

210

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2,352 965 .. 585 6.1 21.5 28.3 15.2 50.2 24.9 29.0

59 10 65.3 3.1 70.5 9.8 ..

Togo Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

Lowincome group 2005

5.4 2.1 .. 270 4.2 34.2 17.8 8.4 47.9 1.9 712.0 30.7 50.7

6.1 2.4 .. 350 2.7 41.8 22.9 9.7 35.3 6.8 527.5 33.7 46.6

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

151 53 13 35.8 3.0 .. 48.3 .. 6.3 ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

68 3.2 17.8 14.8

.. 0.1 21.3 17.3

18,981 1.5 25.3 18.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 17.0 15.0 .. .. 15.6 .. ..

–5.5 .. 17.3 20.7 .. .. 16.8 .. ..

–3.2 .. 18.0 20.5 .. .. 33.9

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

31.6 97 .. 17 19 7.90

.. 87 .. 82 49 3.98

13.3 375 39 114 44 1.99

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

2,352 965 .. 585 6.1 21.5 28.3 15.2 50.2 24.9 29.0

59 10 65.3 3.1 70.5 9.8 ..

211

Tonga East Asia & Pacific

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

Lower middleincome group 2005

0.10 0.04 .. 1,560 1.4 29.7 17.2 5.4 53.1 6.3 1.8 8.2 37.1

0.10 0.04 .. 1,750 2.5 28.5 15.3 4.8 56.2 8.3 1.9 10.4 43.9

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

51 32 4 0.0 2.7 .. 56.2 .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

7 3.2 18.5 ..

10 2.1 16.7 ..

35,363 3.1 29.1 20.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. 52.5 11.1 6.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. 61.4 1.7 5.5

–1.7 .. 39.6 41.2 10.2 7.2 73.1

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

27.0 .. .. 99 24 4.09

.. .. .. .. 29 ..

46.3 1,448 22 511 95 2.08

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

212

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2,475 1,301 5.9 1,923 6.3 11.5 41.9 26.6 46.6 34.2 31.2

57 10 51.3 3.2 50.0 10.0 ..

Trinidad and Tobago Latin America & Caribbean

Upper middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

Upper middleincome group 2005

1.3 0.59 12.1 5,230 5.0 1.4 49.5 7.3 49.1 3.6 6.3 59.1 45.5

1.3 0.63 .. 10,300 8.3 0.8 59.6 6.4 39.6 6.9 6.3 58.3 46.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 35 .. ..

59 43 9 67.1 .. .. 37.2 30 .. 14.7

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

120 8.3 20.0 14.3

.. 7.7 20.2 18.3

41,570 3.1 19.9 16.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

2.0 .. 35.4 48.1 .. .. 43.5 3.1 8.3

2.1 .. 34.3 39.3 .. .. 38.5 –0.8 6.9

.. .. 48.5 44.0 8.7 2.5 38.8

51.1 3,939 .. 373 78 2.47

.. 4,658 .. 861 123 2.19

50.5 3,454 2 901 196 1.06

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

600 268 9.8 5,634 3.5 6.2 32.1 19.0 61.7 38.0 35.2

42 9 44.6 3.2 46.5 7.9 ..

213

Tunisia Middle East & North Africa

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

Lower middleincome group 2005

9.6 3.3 15.6 2,090 5.5 12.3 28.6 18.2 59.1 2.9 1.4 44.5 48.2

10.0 3.8 14.7 2,880 4.5 11.6 28.7 17.5 59.7 2.0 1.3 48.0 50.6

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 0.9

80 11 10 17.3 1.3 .. 58.8 .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

235 3.9 26.0 13.7

106 2.5 22.6 ..

35,363 3.1 29.1 20.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–2.7 62.6 57.8 46.4 7.5 21.6 66.3 .. ..

–3.0 59.0 63.8 48.7 7.7 20.9 65.6 .. ..

–1.7 .. 39.6 41.2 10.2 7.2 73.1

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

68.4 991 .. 112 27 2.25

65.8 1,157 .. 692 95 ..

46.3 1,448 22 511 95 2.08

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

214

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2,475 1,301 5.9 1,923 6.3 11.5 41.9 26.6 46.6 34.2 31.2

57 10 51.3 3.2 50.0 10.0 ..

Turkey Europe & Central Asia

Upper middle income

Country data 2000

2005

Economic and social context Population (millions) 67.4 72.1 Labor force (millions) 23.6 26.6 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 6.5 10.3 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 2,980 4,750 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) 3.4 5.2 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 15.4 11.9 Industry value added (% of GDP) 25.3 23.7 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 15.7 14.0 Services value added (% of GDP) 59.4 64.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 54.9 8.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 625,219 1,343,583 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 24.0 27.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 31.5 34.0 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Tax rates Economic and regulatory policy uncertainty Anticompetitive or informal practices Tax administration Access to and cost of financing Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. 3.1

91 9 8 94.7 5.9 .. 46.3 30 .. ..

Upper middleincome group 2005 600 268 9.8 5,634 3.5 6.2 32.1 19.0 61.7 38.0 35.2

42 9 44.6 3.2 46.5 7.9 ..

37.6 31.1 26.3 26.1 25.0 8,215 0.5 22.4 16.4

10,900 2.7 19.6 15.3

41,570 3.1 19.9 16.2

–7.9 .. 42.0 37.6 6.1 9.2 23.7 .. ..

.. .. 41.4 38.5 13.5 4.8 26.1 .. ..

.. .. 48.5 44.0 8.7 2.5 38.8

35.3 1,550 2 512 37 3.30

.. 1,782 3 868 222 2.40

50.5 3,454 2 901 196 1.06

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

215

Turkmenistan Europe & Central Asia

Lower middle income Lower middleincome group 2005

Country data 2000

2005

Economic and social context Population (millions) 4.5 Labor force (millions) 1.9 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 640 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) 4.0 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 24.8 Industry value added (% of GDP) 45.3 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 10.8 Services value added (% of GDP) 29.9 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) .. Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 5,200.0 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 97.2 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 82.4 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — — Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

216

2007

4.8 2.2 .. .. .. 19.9 40.8 22.0 39.3 .. .. 65.3 48.0

2,475 1,301 5.9 1,923 6.3 11.5 41.9 26.6 46.6 34.2 31.2

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. 4.4 35.4 ..

.. 0.8 23.0 ..

35,363 3.1 29.1 20.6

.. .. .. .. .. .. 2.1 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

–1.7 .. 39.6 41.2 10.2 7.2 73.1

81.2 1,698 .. 83 1 ..

.. 1,740 .. 82 8 ..

46.3 1,448 22 511 95 2.08

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

57 10 51.3 3.2 50.0 10.0 ..

Uganda Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income

Country data 2000

2005

Economic and social context Population (millions) 24.3 28.8 Labor force (millions) 10.2 11.9 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) .. 3.2 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 260 280 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) 6.4 5.6 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 37.3 32.7 Industry value added (% of GDP) 20.3 24.8 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 9.8 9.2 Services value added (% of GDP) 42.4 42.5 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 2.8 8.2 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 1,644.5 1,780.7 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 11.2 13.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 23.0 27.2 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Electricity Tax rates Anticompetitive or informal practices Access to and cost of financing Transportation system

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. 6.2

107 30 17 13.0 2.2 .. 32.2 30 .. ..

Lowincome group 2005 2,352 965 .. 585 6.1 21.5 28.3 15.2 50.2 24.9 29.0

59 10 65.3 3.1 70.5 9.8 ..

63.3 11.0 8.2 6.7 2.8

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

57 2.7 19.6 13.3

201 2.9 20.9 16.4

18,981 1.5 25.3 18.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–2.0 44.9 9.7 10.7 9.8 9.8 6.5 18.4 13.1

–3.8 .. 14.0 13.8 10.3 2.2 6.7 11.0 10.9

–3.2 .. 18.0 20.5 .. .. 33.9

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

.. .. .. 8 2 3.63

23.0 .. 71 56 17 3.21

13.3 375 39 114 44 1.99

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

217

Ukraine Europe & Central Asia

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Tax rates Access to and cost of financing Economic and regulatory policy uncertainty Corruption Skills and education of available workers

2005

49.2 22.9 11.5 700 –1.9 17.1 36.3 19.2 46.6 28.2 5.4 62.4 57.9

47.1 22.3 8.6 1,520 8.0 10.9 33.8 20.5 55.3 13.5 5.1 53.5 52.6

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. ..

128 33 10 13.0 2.9 8.1 60.3 25 .. 7.3

Lower middleincome group 2005 2,475 1,301 5.9 1,923 6.3 11.5 41.9 26.6 46.6 34.2 31.2

57 10 51.3 3.2 50.0 10.0 ..

45.6 40.5 31.0 21.2 19.8

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

206 1.9 19.7 16.8

1,407 9.4 19.0 17.0

35,363 3.1 29.1 20.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–0.6 45.3 10.7 13.1 16.2 29.6 11.2 15.0 27.8

–1.4 .. 24.1 27.7 11.5 19.6 33.5 –3.2 7.6

–1.7 .. 39.6 41.2 10.2 7.2 73.1

96.7 2,773 7 228 7 ..

97.2 3,152 3 545 97 1.65

46.3 1,448 22 511 95 2.08

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

218

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

United Arab Emirates High income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

Highincome group 2005

3.2 1.9 2.3 19,270 5.1 3.5 55.7 13.5 40.8 .. 3.7 73.3 55.3

4.5 2.7 .. 23,950 8.2 2.3 55.7 14.1 42.0 .. 3.7 94.3 76.3

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 20 .. ..

77 63 12 83.6 5.1 .. 15.0 0 .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. .. 22.1 9.5

.. .. 22.8 11.4

.. 2.1 20.0 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

0.1 .. .. .. 12.9 12.7 46.2 –9.9 3.5

.. .. .. .. 8.3 8.3 60.9 .. ..

–2.0 48.7 113.2 95.3 5.8 1.5 156.3

100.0 11,886 .. 754 236 3.51

.. 11,331 .. 1,273 308 1.73

100.0 9,609 1 1,338 527 0.76

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

1,011 493 6.4 35,264 2.2 1.7 25.9 17.0 72.4 24.5 24.9

21 7 38.4 1.8 43.8 9.6 ..

219

United Kingdom High income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

Highincome group 2005

59.7 30.1 5.5 25,010 3.2 1.0 28.3 18.1 70.6 2.9 0.7 28.0 30.1

60.2 30.6 4.6 37,740 2.4 1.0 26.2 15.0 72.8 2.8 0.5 26.1 30.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. ..

6 18 6 22.1 1.0 .. 35.4 30 19.3 73.8

.. 8.5 17.0 ..

.. 7.2 16.6 ..

.. 2.1 20.0 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

1.7 48.8 123.7 101.2 6.5 2.5 132.4 4.7 2.7

–2.9 .. 147.8 115.3 8.5 1.0 165.5 2.6 ..

–2.0 48.7 113.2 95.3 5.8 1.5 156.3

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

100.0 6,031 .. 1,317 264 1.07

100.0 6,206 .. 1,616 473 0.77

100.0 9,609 1 1,338 527 0.76

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — — Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

220

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

1,011 493 6.4 35,264 2.2 1.7 25.9 17.0 72.4 24.5 24.9

21 7 38.4 1.8 43.8 9.6 ..

United States High income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

282.2 147.9 4.0 34,400 4.2 1.2 24.2 17.0 74.6 3.4 1.0 11.2 15.1

296.4 155.5 5.5 43,560 2.6 1.3 22.0 14.2 76.7 3.4 1.0 10.1 15.4

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 35 .. ..

3 5 5 0.0 1.5 .. 46.0 35 .. 20.0

.. 3.3 19.9 ..

.. 0.9 18.7 ..

.. 2.1 20.0 ..

0.5 33.0 43.4 54.7 8.5 1.1 170.7 6.9 ..

–2.9 47.2 46.3 59.2 10.3 0.7 194.8 3.1 ..

–2.0 48.7 113.2 95.3 5.8 1.5 156.3

58.8 13,667 .. 1,070 439 ..

64.5 13,351 .. 1,227 630 ..

100.0 9,609 1 1,338 527 0.76

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — — Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

2005

Highincome group 2005

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

1,011 493 6.4 35,264 2.2 1.7 25.9 17.0 72.4 24.5 24.9

21 7 38.4 1.8 43.8 9.6 ..

221

Uruguay Latin America & Caribbean

Upper middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Anticompetitive or informal practices Tax rates Access to and cost of financing Labor regulations Economic and regulatory policy uncertainty

2005

3.3 1.6 13.6 6,150 2.2 5.9 26.0 16.1 68.1 4.8 12.1 19.3 21.0

3.5 1.8 16.8 4,360 0.9 9.2 30.8 21.9 60.0 4.7 24.5 29.8 27.6

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. 42.8

64 43 10 31.2 2.1 .. 27.6 35 .. ..

Upper middleincome group 2005 600 268 9.8 5,634 3.5 6.2 32.1 19.0 61.7 38.0 35.2

42 9 44.6 3.2 46.5 7.9 ..

32.6 20.8 11.8 7.2 5.8

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

681 1.3 13.2 9.9

8 4.2 12.9 10.6

41,570 3.1 19.9 16.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–3.4 45.8 54.7 44.1 7.2 12.4 51.2 40.5 27.8

–1.6 78.7 43.1 51.9 8.6 2.7 27.0 11.7 10.8

.. .. 48.5 44.0 8.7 2.5 38.8

90.0 1,966 .. 401 105 4.88

.. 1,867 .. 624 193 0.52

50.5 3,454 2 901 196 1.06

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

222

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

Uzbekistan Europe & Central Asia

Low income Lowincome group 2005

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

24.7 9.8 .. 630 4.1 34.4 23.1 9.4 42.5 .. 236.6 24.6 21.5

26.2 11.3 .. 520 5.3 28.1 28.7 11.3 43.2 .. .. 39.6 30.0

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 26 .. ..

147 29 8 30.3 4.0 2.5 122.3 18 .. 8.3

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Tax rates Access to and cost of financing Tax administration Business licensing and permits Economic and regulatory policy uncertainty Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

2,352 965 .. 585 6.1 21.5 28.3 15.2 50.2 24.9 29.0

59 10 65.3 3.1 70.5 9.8 ..

18.1 16.0 13.7 11.9 10.6 26 0.5 24.0 15.5

85 0.3 23.1 18.8

18,981 1.5 25.3 18.2

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

–3.2 .. 18.0 20.5 .. .. 33.9

87.3 1,780 15 69 5 13.95

.. 1,796 6 80 34 ..

13.3 375 39 114 44 1.99

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

2005

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

223

Vanuatu East Asia & Pacific

Lower middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

Lower middleincome group 2005

0.19 0.09 .. 1,240 1.4 15.6 9.3 4.4 75.1 2.5 137.6 43.6 56.5

0.21 0.11 .. 1,560 0.4 15.0 8.8 3.6 76.2 1.4 109.2 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

58 39 8 56.3 2.6 .. 14.4 .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

6 8.3 20.2 ..

.. 3.9 .. ..

35,363 3.1 29.1 20.6

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–0.8 29.2 .. .. .. .. 34.8 8.6 8.6

.. .. .. .. .. .. 50.2 5.1 5.5

–1.7 .. 39.6 41.2 10.2 7.2 73.1

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

23.9 .. .. 37 21 7.45

.. .. .. 83 38 ..

46.3 1,448 22 511 95 2.08

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

224

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2,475 1,301 5.9 1,923 6.3 11.5 41.9 26.6 46.6 34.2 31.2

57 10 51.3 3.2 50.0 10.0 ..

Venezuela, RB Latin America & Caribbean

Upper middle income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

2005

24.3 26.6 10.5 12.9 13.9 16.8 4,100 4,820 0.6 1.3 4.2 4.5 49.7 51.6 19.8 18.1 46.1 43.9 16.2 16.0 680.0 2,089.8 29.7 41.0 18.1 21.3

Upper middleincome group 2005 600 268 9.8 5,634 3.5 6.2 32.1 19.0 61.7 38.0 35.2

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 34 .. 0.5

164 141 16 47.3 4.0 .. 51.9 34 .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

774 4.0 21.0 ..

698 2.1 19.0 ..

41,570 3.1 19.9 16.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–1.2 .. 11.9 14.9 13.0 6.6 12.5 –3.3 8.9

2.3 .. 11.9 15.2 11.1 1.2 13.6 –9.5 5.2

.. .. 48.5 44.0 8.7 2.5 38.8

33.6 2,654 .. 328 34 0.78

.. 2,760 .. 606 125 0.84

50.5 3,454 2 901 196 1.06

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

42 9 44.6 3.2 46.5 7.9 ..

225

Vietnam East Asia & Pacific

Low income

Country data 2000

2005

Economic and social context Population (millions) 78.5 83.1 Labor force (millions) 39.7 44.0 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 2.3 2.1 GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 380 620 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) 6.7 7.5 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 24.5 20.9 Industry value added (% of GDP) 36.7 41.0 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 18.6 20.7 Services value added (% of GDP) 38.7 38.1 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) –1.7 8.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 14,167.8 15,858.9 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 55.0 70.1 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 57.5 75.3 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Access to and cost of financing Access to land Skills and education of available workers Transportation system Electricity

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 32 .. ..

104 50 11 86.7 5.0 5.8 41.6 28 .. 1.1

Lowincome group 2005 2,352 965 .. 585 6.1 21.5 28.3 15.2 50.2 24.9 29.0

59 10 65.3 3.1 70.5 9.8 ..

40.5 25.9 22.2 21.5 15.7

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

150 4.2 27.6 ..

70 3.7 33.1 ..

18,981 1.5 25.3 18.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. 32.0 28.1 .. .. 35.3 6.9 6.9

.. .. 54.7 47.9 .. .. 66.0 2.4 3.9

–3.2 .. 18.0 20.5 .. .. 33.9

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

25.1 292 .. 42 3 9.29

.. 501 11 306 129 1.95

13.3 375 39 114 44 1.99

226

2007

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

Virgin Islands (U.S.) High income Highincome group 2005

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

0.11 0.05 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1.0 .. ..

0.11 0.05 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1.0 .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 23.2

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

.. .. .. ..

.. .. .. ..

.. 2.1 20.0 ..

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

–2.0 48.7 113.2 95.3 5.8 1.5 156.3

.. .. .. 951 138 0.87

.. .. .. 1,242 .. ..

100.0 9,609 1 1,338 527 0.76

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

1,011 493 6.4 35,264 2.2 1.7 25.9 17.0 72.4 24.5 24.9

21 7 38.4 1.8 43.8 9.6 ..

227

West Bank and Gaza Middle East & North Africa

Lower middle income Lower middleincome group 2005

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — — Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

228

2007

2005

3.0 0.62 14.2 1,580 7.4 .. .. .. .. .. .. 16.0 71.2

3.6 0.77 26.8 1,230 –0.9 .. .. .. .. .. .. 14.0 68.2

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

127 93 12 91.0 .. .. 31.5 .. .. 27.7

237 .. 32.7 ..

23 .. 25.7 ..

35,363 3.1 29.1 20.6

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

–1.7 .. 39.6 41.2 10.2 7.2 73.1

100.0 .. .. 151 12 1.11

100.0 .. .. 398 67 1.17

46.3 1,448 22 511 95 2.08

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2,475 1,301 5.9 1,923 6.3 11.5 41.9 26.6 46.6 34.2 31.2

57 10 51.3 3.2 50.0 10.0 ..

Yemen, Rep. Middle East & North Africa

Low income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

Lowincome group 2005

17.9 4.8 11.5 410 5.6 10.3 46.5 5.2 43.2 4.6 161.7 42.3 36.6

21.0 5.9 .. 600 3.3 13.3 40.9 4.5 45.3 10.8 191.5 45.8 37.8

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 16.2

98 63 12 17.3 3.0 .. 48.0 .. 7.1 ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

20 0.1 18.6 13.2

19 –1.8 26.8 19.4

18,981 1.5 25.3 18.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–2.3 .. .. .. .. .. 5.0 –4.9 5.5

.. .. .. .. .. .. 7.7 0.7 5.0

–3.2 .. 18.0 20.5 .. .. 33.9

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

15.5 137 .. 21 1 4.45

.. 165 .. 92 9 2.39

13.3 375 39 114 44 1.99

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

2,352 965 .. 585 6.1 21.5 28.3 15.2 50.2 24.9 29.0

59 10 65.3 3.1 70.5 9.8 ..

229

Zambia Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income

Country data 2000

2005

Economic and social context Population (millions) 10.7 11.7 Labor force (millions) 4.5 4.9 Unemployment rate (% of labor force) 12.0 .. GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) 290 500 GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) 2.2 4.7 Agriculture value added (% of GDP) 22.3 18.5 Industry value added (% of GDP) 25.3 25.1 Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) 11.4 11.7 Services value added (% of GDP) 52.4 56.3 Inflation (annual % change in CPI) 26.0 18.3 Exchange rate (local currency units per $) 3,110.8 4,463.5 Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) 21.1 16.4 Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) 31.4 25.2 Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints Access to and cost of financing Tax rates Economic and regulatory policy uncertainty Crime and disorder Corruption Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP) Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points) Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

230

2007

.. .. .. .. .. 13.0 .. 35 .. ..

102 35 6 177.7 3.1 .. 22.2 35 10.5 ..

Lowincome group 2005 2,352 965 .. 585 6.1 21.5 28.3 15.2 50.2 24.9 29.0

59 10 65.3 3.1 70.5 9.8 ..

84.5 57.5 56.5 48.8 45.9 39 3.8 17.2 7.2

74 3.6 24.7 15.8

18,981 1.5 25.3 18.2

–0.4 176.2 .. .. .. 23.6 8.6 6.7 18.6

.. .. .. .. .. 10.8 7.6 7.7 17.0

–3.2 .. 18.0 20.5 .. .. 33.9

22.0 581 30 17 2 2.57

.. 692 .. 89 20 1.41

13.3 375 39 114 44 1.99

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

Zimbabwe Sub-Saharan Africa

Low income

Country data 2000 Economic and social context Population (millions) Labor force (millions) Unemployment rate (% of labor force) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method ($) GDP growth, 1995–2000 and 2000–05 (average annual %) Agriculture value added (% of GDP) Industry value added (% of GDP) Manufacturing value added (% of GDP) Services value added (% of GDP) Inflation (annual % change in CPI) Exchange rate (local currency units per $) Exports of goods and services (% of GDP) Imports of goods and services (% of GDP)

2005

Lowincome group 2005

12.6 5.3 6.0 460 0.7 18.5 25.0 15.8 56.5 55.9 0.0 35.9 36.2

13.0 5.8 .. 350 –5.9 18.1 22.6 12.8 59.3 .. 22.4 42.8 52.9

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. 30 .. ..

153 96 10 446.3 3.3 .. 37.0 30 0.3 ..

Private sector investment Invest. in infrastructure w/private participation ($ millions) Private foreign direct investment, net (% of GDP) Gross fixed capital formation (% of GDP) Gross fixed private capital formation (% of GDP)

8 0.3 11.8 11.1

51 3.0 17.3 16.1

18,981 1.5 25.3 18.2

Finance and banking Government cash surplus or deficit (% of GDP) Government debt (% of GDP) Deposit money banks’ assets (% of GDP) Total financial system deposits (% of GDP) Bank capital to asset ratio (%) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans (%) Domestic credit to the private sector (% of GDP) Real interest rate (%) Interest rate spread (percentage points)

–5.2 58.1 25.6 29.8 9.4 19.6 24.5 7.7 18.0

.. .. .. .. 12.1 23.2 26.9 –0.6 144.6

–3.2 .. 18.0 20.5 .. .. 33.9

Infrastructure Paved roads (% of total roads) Electric power consumption (kWh per capita) Electrical outages (days) Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) Internet users (per 1,000 people) Cost of telephone call to U.S. ($ per 3 minutes)

19.0 847 .. 41 4 4.36

.. 795 .. 79 77 ..

13.3 375 39 114 44 1.99

Business environment Ease of doing business (ranking 1–175; 1=best) Time to start a business (days) Procedures to start a business (number) Firing cost (weeks of wages) Closing a business (years to resolve insolvency) Time dealing with gov’t officials (% of management time) Total tax rate (% of profit) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate (%) Business entry rate (new registrations as % of total) Micro, small, and med.-size enterprises (per 1,000 people) Top-five investment climate constraints — — — — —

The Little Data Book on Private Sector Development

2007

2,352 965 .. 585 6.1 21.5 28.3 15.2 50.2 24.9 29.0

59 10 65.3 3.1 70.5 9.8 ..

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Glossary Agriculture value added is the net output of agriculture (International Standard Industrial Classification divisions 1–5, including forestry and fishing) after totaling outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Bank capital to asset ratio is the ratio of bank capital and reserves to total assets. Capital and reserves include funds contributed by owners, retained earnings, general and special reserves, provisions, and valuation adjustments. Capital includes tier 1 capital (paid-up shares and common stock), which is a common feature in all countries’ banking systems, and total regulatory capital, which includes several specified types of subordinated debt instruments that need not be repaid if the funds are required to maintain minimum capital levels (these comprise tier 2 and tier 3 capital). Total assets include all nonfinancial and financial assets. (International Monetary Fund) Bank nonperforming loans to total gross loans are the value of nonperforming loans divided by the total value of the loan portfolio (including nonperforming loans before the deduction of specific loan loss provisions). The loan amount recorded as nonperforming should be the gross value of the loan as recorded on the balance sheet, not just the amount that is overdue. (International Monetary Fund) Business entry rate is the number of firms newly registered in the reported year as a percentage of total registered firms. Total firms registered are all firms registered in the reported year and include sole proprietorships, partnerships, and corporations. (International Finance Corporation) Closing a business is the number of years from the time of filing for insolvency in court until resolution of distressed assets. Information is benchmarked to April 2006. (World Bank) Cost of telephone call to U.S. is the cost of a three-minute, peak rate, fixed-line call from the country to the United States. (International Telecommunication Union and World Bank) Deposit money banks’ assets are claims on the domestic real nonfinancial sector by deposit money banks. (International Monetary Fund) Domestic credit to private sector refers to financial resources provided to the private sector—such as through loans, purchases of nonequity securities, and trade credits and other accounts receivable—that establish a claim for repayment. For some countries these claims include credit to public enterprises. (International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Ease of doing business index ranks economies from 1 to 175, with first place being the best. A high ranking means that the regulatory environment is conducive to business operation. The index ranks the simple average of the country’s percentile rankings on 10 topics covered in Doing Business 2007: How to Reform. The ranking on each topic is the simple average of the percentile rankings on its component indicators. (World Bank) Electrical outages are the average number of days per year that establishments experience power outages or surges from the public grid. (World Bank) Electric power consumption measures the production of power plants and combined heat and power plants minus transmission, distribution, and transformation losses and own use by heat and power plants. (International Energy Agency)

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Exchange rate is the exchange rate determined by national authorities or the rate determined in the legally sanctioned exchange market. It is calculated as an annual average based on monthly averages (local currency units relative to the U.S. dollar). (International Monetary Fund) Exports of goods and services are the value of all goods and other market services provided to the rest of the world. They include the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude compensation of employees and investment income (formerly called factor services) as well as transfer payments. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development) Firing cost is the cost of advance notice requirements, severance payments, and penalties due when terminating a redundant worker, expressed in weekly wages. One month is recorded as 4 1/3 weeks. Information is benchmarked to April 2006. (World Bank) Fixed line and mobile subscribers are telephone mainlines connecting a subscriber’s equipment to the public switched telephone network and users of portable telephones subscribing to an automatic public mobile telephone service using cellular technology that provides access to the public switched telephone network. (International Telecommunication Union) Foreign direct investment, net, is net inflows of private investment to acquire a lasting management interest (10 percent or more of voting stock) in an enterprise operating in an economy other than that of the investor. It is the sum of equity capital, reinvestment of earnings, other long-term capital, and short-term capital, as shown in the balance of payments. (International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) GDP growth is the annual percentage growth rate of GDP at market prices based on constant local currency. Aggregates are based on constant 2000 U.S. dollars. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) GNI per capita, World Bank Atlas method, is gross national income converted to U.S. dollars using the World Bank Atlas method, divided by the midyear population. Gross national income is the sum of value added by all resident producers plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output plus net receipts of primary income (compensation of employees and property income) from abroad. Gross national income, calculated in national currency, is usually converted to U.S. dollars at official exchange rates for comparisons across economies. To smooth fluctuations in prices and exchange rates, the World Bank Atlas method is used; it averages the exchange rate for a given year and the two preceding years, adjusted for differences in rates of inflation between the country and the euro zone, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. (World Bank) Government cash surplus or deficit is revenue (including grants) minus expense and net acquisition of nonfinancial assets. (International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Government debt is the entire stock of direct government fixed-term contractual obligations to others outstanding on a particular date. It includes

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2007

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Glossary domestic and foreign liabilities such as currency and money deposits, securities other than shares, and loans. It is the gross amount of government liabilities reduced by the amount of equity and financial derivatives held by the government. Because debt is a stock rather than a flow, it is measured as of a given date, usually the last day of the fiscal year. (International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Gross fixed capital formation includes land improvements (fences, ditches, drains, and so on); plant, machinery, and equipment purchases; and the construction of roads, railways, and the like, including schools, offices, hospitals, private residential dwellings, and commercial and industrial buildings. According to the 1993 System of National Accounts, net acquisitions of valuables are also considered capital formation. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Gross fixed private capital formation is gross outlays by the private sector (including private nonprofit organizations) on additions to its fixed domestic assets. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Highest marginal tax rate, corporate, is the highest rate shown on the national level schedule of tax rates applied to the annual taxable income of corporations. (PricewaterhouseCoopers) Imports of goods and services are the value of all goods and other market services received from the rest of the world. They include the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, financial, information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude compensation of employees and investment income (formerly called factor services) as well as transfer payments. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development) Industry value added is the net output of industry (International Standard Industrial Classification divisions 10–45, including mining, manufacturing, construction, electricity, water, and gas) after totaling outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Inflation is the annual percentage change in the cost to the average consumer of acquiring a basket of goods and services that may be fixed or changed at specified intervals, such as yearly. The Laspeyres formula is generally used. (International Monetary Fund) Interest rate spread is the interest rate charged by banks on loans to prime customers minus the interest rate paid by commercial or similar banks for demand, time, or savings deposits. (International Monetary Fund) Internet users are people with access to the worldwide network. (International Telecommunication Union) Investment in infrastructure with private participation refers to infrastructure projects in telecommunications, energy (electricity and natural gas transmission and distribution), transport, and water and sanitation that have reached financial closure and directly or indirectly serve the public, including operation and management contracts with major capital expenditure, Greenfield projects (in which a private entity or public-private joint venture builds and operates a new facility), and divestitures. Incinerators, movable assets, stand-alone solid waste projects, and small projects such as windmills are excluded. (World Bank)

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Labor force is all people who supply labor for the production of goods and services during a specified period, according to the International Labour Organization definition of the economically active population. It includes both the employed and the unemployed. While national practices vary in the treatment of such groups as the armed forces and seasonal or part-time workers, in general the labor force includes the armed forces, the unemployed, and first-time job-seekers, and excludes homemakers and other unpaid caregivers and workers in the informal sector. (International Labour Organization and World Bank) Manufacturing value added refers to the net output of industries belonging to International Standard Industrial Classification divisions 15–37 after totaling outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Micro, small, and medium-size enterprises are businesses that can be defined by the number of employees. There is no international standard definition of firm size; however, many institutions that collect information use the following size categories: micro enterprises have 0–9 employees, small enterprises have 10–49 employees, and medium-size enterprises have 50–249 employees. (International Finance Corporation) Paved roads are roads surfaced with concrete, cobblestones, or crushed stone (macadam) and hydrocarbon binder or bituminized agents. (International Road Federation) Population is based on the de facto definition of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenship—except for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who are generally considered part of the population of their country of origin. Data are midyear estimates. (World Bank) Procedures to start a business are the number of procedures required to start a business, including interactions to obtain necessary permits and licenses and to complete all inscriptions, verifications, and notifications to start operations. Data are for businesses with specific characteristics of ownership, size, and type of production. Information is benchmarked to April 2006. (World Bank) Real interest rate is the lending interest rate adjusted for inflation as measured by the GDP deflator. (International Monetary Fund and World Bank) Services value added is the net output of services (International Standard Industrial Classification divisions 50–99) after totaling outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. (World Bank and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Time dealing with government officials is the percentage of management time in a given week spent on requirements imposed by government regulations (taxes, customs, labor regulations, licensing, and registration). Information is benchmarked to April 2006. (World Bank) Time to start a business is the number of calendar days needed to complete the required procedures for legally operating a business. If a procedure can be speeded up at additional cost, the fastest procedure, independent of cost, is chosen. Information is benchmarked to April 2006. (World Bank) Top-five investment climate constraints are based on the share of senior managers surveyed who identified a particular constraint as their biggest constraint (in 2006 Enterprise Surveys in Africa and Latin America and the 2005 surveys in Malawi and Niger) or who ranked the items shown as a

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Glossary major or very severe constraint to business in their country (all other surveys). In any given country some constraints may not be identified by any firms as the biggest constraint even if they would be considered major or severe. The 2006 Enterprise Surveys in Africa and Latin America—except those in Burkina Faso, Cameroon, and Cape Verde—have weights for the estimates of the aggregate indicators to account for the random stratified sample design. The constraints from which the top five are drawn are: • Access to and cost of financing. • Access to land. • Anticompetitive or informal practices. • Business licensing and permits. • Corruption. • Crime, theft, and disorders. • Customs and trade regulations. • Economic and regulatory policy uncertainty. • Electricity. • Labor regulations. • Legal system and conflict resolution. • Skills and education of available workers. • Tax administration. • Tax rates. • Transportation system. The surveys have not been conducted in all countries, so this set of indicators is blank in some tables. For more information on the investment climate and Enterprise Surveys, see www.enterprisesurveys.org and www.worldbank. org/eca/econ. (World Bank) Total financial system deposits are the demand, time, and saving deposits in deposit money banks and other financial institutions. (International Monetary Fund) Total tax rate is the total amount of taxes payable by the business (except for labor taxes) after accounting for deductions and exemptions as a percentage of profit. For further details on the method used for assessing the total tax payable, see the World Bank’s Doing Business 2007: How to Reform. Information is benchmarked to April 2006. (World Bank) Unemployment rate is the share of the labor force without work but available for and seeking employment. Definitions of labor force and unemployment differ by country. (International Labour Organization)

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AFGHANISTAN ALBANIA ALGERIA AMERICAN SAMOA ANDORRA ANGOLA ANTIGUA A BARBUDA ARGENTINA ARMENIA ARUBA AUSTRALIA AUSTRIA AZERBAIJAN BAHAM BAHRAIN BANGLADESH BARBADOS BELARUS BELGIUM BELIZE BENIN BERMUDA BHUT BOLIVIA BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA BOTSWANA BRAZIL BRUNEI DARUSSALAM BULGAR BURKINA FASO BURUNDI CAMBODIA CAMEROON CANADA CAPE VERDE CAYMAN ISLAN CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC CHAD CHANNEL ISLANDS CHILE CHINA COLOMBIA COMOR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO REPUBLIC OF CONGO COSTA RICA CÔTE D'IVOI CROATIA CUBA CYPRUS CZECH REPUBLIC DENMARK DJIBOUTI DOMINICA DOMINIC REPUBLIC ECUADOR ARAB REPUBLIC OF EGYPT EL SALVADOR EQUATORIAL GUINEA ERITR ESTONIA ETHIOPIA FAEROE ISLANDS FIJI FINLAND FRANCE FRENCH POLYNESIA GABON T GAMBIA GEORGIA GERMANY GHANA GREECE GREENLAND GRENADA GUAM GUATEMA GUINEA GUINEA-BISSAU GUYANA HAITI HONDURAS HONG KONG, CHINA, HUNGARY ICELA INDIA INDONESIA ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN IRAQ IRELAND ISLE OF MAN ISRAEL ITA JAMAICA JAPAN JORDAN KAZAKHSTAN KENYA KIRIBATI DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF KOR REPUBLIC OF KOREA KUWAIT KYRGYZ REPUBLIC LAO PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC REPUBL LATVIA LEBANON LESOTHO LIBERIA LIBYA LIECHTENSTEIN LITHUANIA LUXEMBOURG MACA CHINA, FYR MACEDONIA MADAGASCAR MALAWI MALAYSIA MALDIVES MALI MAL MARSHALL ISLANDS MAURITANIA MAURITIUS MAYOTTE MEXICO FEDERATED STATES MICRONESIA MOLDOVA MONACO MONGOLIA MOROCCO MOZAMBIQUE MYANMAR NAMIB NEPAL NETHERLANDS NETHERLANDS ANTILLES NEW CALEDONIA NEW ZEALAND NICARAG NIGER NIGERIA NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS NORWAY OMAN PAKISTAN PALAU PANAM PAPUA NEW GUINEA PARAGUAY PERU PHILIPPINES POLAND PORTUGAL PUERTO RICO QAT ROMANIA RUSSIAN FEDERATION RWANDA SAMOA SAN MARINO SÃO TOMÉ AND PRINCI SAUDI ARABIA SENEGAL SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO SEYCHELLES SIERRA LEONE SINGAPO SLOVAK REPUBLIC SLOVENIA SOLOMON ISLANDS SOMALIA SOUTH AFRICA SPAIN SRI LAN ST. KITTS AND NEVIS ST. LUCIA ST. VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES SUDAN SURINA SWAZILAND SWEDEN SWITZERLAND SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC TAJIKISTAN TANZAN THAILAND TIMOR-LESTE TOGO TONGA TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO TUNISIA TURK TURKMENISTAN UGANDA UKRAINE UNITED ARAB EMIRATES UNITED KINGDOM UNIT STATES URUGUAY UZBEKISTAN VANUATU REPÚBLICA BOLIVARIANA DE VENEZUELA VIETNA U.S. VIRGIN ISLANDS WEST BANK AND GAZA REPUBLIC OF YEMEN ZAMBIA ZIMBABW