Population, Labor Force, And Employment Status Employment, Hours, And Earnings Compensation Of Employee Consume Productivity And Costs Projections Of Labor Force And Employment By Industry And Occupation Prices And Living Conditions Labor Ma Occupational Safety And Health Foreign Labor And Price Statistics Population, Labor Force, And Employment Status Employment, Hours, And Earnings Compensation Of Employees Consumer Productivity And Costs Prices And Living Conditions Labor Man Occupational Safety And Health Foreign Labor And Price Statistics Population, Labor Force, And Employment Status Employment, Hours, And Earnings Compensation Of Employees Consumer Productivity And Costs Projections Of Labor Force And Employment By Industry And Occupation Prices And Living Conditions Labor Man Occupational Safety And Health Foreign Labor And Price Statistics Population, Labor Force, And Employment Status Employment, Hours, And Earnings Compensation Of Employees Consumer Productivity And Costs Prices And Living Conditions Labor Man Occupational Safety And Health Foreign Labor And Price Statistics Population, Labor Force, And Employment Status Employment, Hours, And Earnings Compensation Of Employees Consumer Productivity And Costs Projections Of Labor Force And Employment By Industry And Occupation Prices And Living Conditions Labor Man Occupational Safety And Health Foreign Labor And Price Statistics Population, Labor Force, And Employment Status Employment, Hours, And Earnings Compensation Of Employees Consumer Expe Productivity And Costs Projections Of Labor Force And Employment By Industry And Occupation Prices And Living Conditions Labor Managem Occupational Safety And Health Foreign Labor And Price Statistics Population, Labor Force, And Employment Status Employment, Hours, And Earnings Compensation Of Employees Consumer Productivity And Costs Projections Of Labor Force And Employment By Industry And Occupation Prices And Living Conditions Labor Man Occupational Safety And Health Foreign Labor And Price Statistics Population, Labor Force, And Employment Status Employment, Hours, And Earnings Compensation Of Employees Consumer Productivity And Costs Projections Of Labor Force And Employment By Industry And Occupation Prices And Living Conditions Labor Man Occupational Safety And Health Foreign Labor And Price Statistics Population, Labor Force, And Employment Status Employment, Hours, And Earnings Compensation Of Employees INTH DITION Consumer Productivity And Costs Prices And Living Conditions Labor Man Occupational Safety And Health Foreign Labor And Price Statistics Population, Labor Force, And Employment Employment, Hours, And Earnings Compensation Of Employee Edited by Eva E.Status Jacobs Consume Productivity And Costs Projections Of Labor Force And Employment By Industry And Occupation Prices And Living Conditions Labor Ma Occupational Safety And Health Foreign Labor And Price Statistics Population, Labor Force, And Employment Status Employment, Hours, And Earnings Compensation Of Employee Consume Productivity And Costs Prices And Living Conditions Labor Ma Occupational Safety And Health Foreign Labor And Price Statistics Population, Labor Force, And Employment Status Employment, Hours, And Earnings Compensation Of Employee Consumer Productivity And Costs Projections Of Labor Force And Employment By Industry And Occupation Prices And Living Conditions Labor Ma Occupational Safety And Health Foreign Labor And Price Statistics Population, Labor Force, And Employment Status Employment, Hours, And Earnings Compensation™ Of Employees Consumer Productivity And Costs Projections Of Labor Force And Employment By Industry And Occupation Prices And Living Conditions Labor Man Occupational Safety And Health Foreign Labor And Price Statistics Population, Labor Force, And Employment Status Employment, Hours, And Earnings Compensation Of Employees Consumer Productivity And Costs Prices And Living Conditions Labor Man Occupational Safety And Health Foreign Labor And Price Statistics Population, Labor Force, And Employment Status Employment, Hours, And Earnings Compensation Of Employee Consume Productivity And Costs Projections Of Labor Force And Employment By Industry And Occupation Prices And Living Conditions Labor Ma Occupational Safety And Health Foreign Labor And Price Statistics
H ANDBOOK OF U.S. L ABOR
S TATISTICS
EMPLOYMENT, EARNINGS, PRICES, PRODUCTIVITY, AND OTHER LABOR DATA N
E
2006
BERNAN PRESS
Handbook of
U.S. Labor Statistics Employment, Earnings, Prices, Productivity, and Other Labor Data
Ninth Edition, 2006
Handbook of
U.S. Labor Statistics Employment, Earnings, Prices, Productivity, and Other Labor Data
Ninth Edition, 2006 EDITOR
Eva E. Jacobs ASSOCIATE EDITOR
Mary Meghan Ryan
© 2006 Bernan Press, an imprint of Bernan Associates, a division of The Kraus Organization Limited. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright holder. Bernan Press does not claim copyright in U.S. government information. ISBN: 1-59888-005-5 ISSN: 1526-2553 Printed by Automated Graphic Systems, Inc., White Plains, MD, on acid-free paper that meets the American National Standards Institute Z39-48 standard. 2006 2005
BERNAN PRESS 4611-F Assembly Drive Lanham, MD 20706 800-274-4447 email:
[email protected] www.bernanpress.com
4 3 2 1
CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .vii LIST OF CHARTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xvi ABOUT THE EDITORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xvii PREFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xix ARTICLE 1: EMPLOYMENT FROM THE BLS HOUSEHOLD AND PAYROLL SURVEYS: SUMMARY OF RECENT TRENDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xxi ARTICLE 2: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LABOR COSTS AND INFLATION: A CYCLICAL VIEWPOINT . . . . . .xxv ARTICLE 3: HOW BLS MEASURES PRICE CHANGE FOR MOTOR FUELS IN THE CONSUMER PRICE INDEX . . .xxix SUMMARY OF SELECTED ECONOMIC INDICATORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xxxi PART 1: POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Notes and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Tables Population, Labor Force, and Employment Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Employment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56 Unemployment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89 Work Experience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119 Labor Force and Employment Characteristics of Selected Family Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .133 Labor Force and Employment Characteristics of Foreign Born Workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141 Labor Force and Employment Characteristics by Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .148 Notes and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .158 Tables Contingent Workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .160 Notes and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .165 Tables Workers on Flexible and Shift Schedules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .166 PART 2: EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .175 Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .177 Notes and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .178 Tables Employment and Hours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181 Earnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .206 Employment, Hours, and Earnings by State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .217 Notes and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .235 Tables Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .236 Notes and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .240 Tables Business Employment Dynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .241 PART 3: OCCUPATIONAL EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245 Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .247 Notes and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .248 Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .249
v
vi
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
PART 4: PROJECTIONS OF LABOR FORCE AND EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION . . . . . . . . .265 Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .267 Notes and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .268 Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .270 PART 5: PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .295 Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .297 Notes and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .298 Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .301 PART 6: COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .317 Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .319 Notes and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .320 Tables Employment Cost Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .322 Notes and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .357 Tables Employee Benefits Survey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .358 PART 7: PRICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .363 Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .365 Notes and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .366 Tables Producer Price Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .368 Notes and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .376 Tables Consumer Price Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .378 Notes and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .389 Tables Export and Import Price Indexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .390 PART 8: CONSUMER EXPENDITURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .405 Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .407 Notes and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .408 Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .410 PART 9: OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .439 Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .441 Notes and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .442 Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .444 PART 10: LABOR MANAGEMENT RELATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 453 Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .455 Notes and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .456 Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .457 PART 11: FOREIGN LABOR AND PRICE STATISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .467 Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .469 Notes and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .470 Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .471 PART 12: AMERICAN TIME USE SURVEY (ATUS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .483 Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .485 Notes and Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .486 Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .488 INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .499
LIST OF TABLES PART 1: POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS POPULATION, LABOR FORCE,
AND
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-1. Employment Status of the Civilian Noninstitutional Population, 1947–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Table 1-2. Employment Status of the Civilian Noninstitutional Population by Sex, 1970–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 Table 1-3. Employment Status of the Civilian Noninstitutional Population by Sex, Race, Hispanic Origin, and Age, 1985–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Table 1-4. Employment Status of the Civilian Noninstitutional Population by Marital Status, Sex, and Race, 1985–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 Table 1-5. Employment Status of the Civilian Noninstitutional Population by Region, Division, and State, 2003–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 Table 1-6. Civilian Noninstitutional Population by Sex, Race, Age, and Hispanic Origin, 1948–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 Table 1-7. Civilian Labor Force by Sex, Race, Age, and Hispanic Origin, 1948–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 Table 1-8. Civilian Labor Force Participation Rates by Sex, Race, Age, and Hispanic Origin, 1948–2004 . . . . . . . . . . .41 Table 1-9. Employed and Unemployed Full- and Part-Time Workers by Age, Sex, and Race, 1994–2004 . . . . . . . . . 50 Table 1-10. Persons Not in the Labor Force by Desire and Availability for Work, Age, and Sex, 1999–2004 . . . . . . . 53 EMPLOYMENT Table 1-11. Employed Civilians by Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin, 1948–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Table 1-12. Civilian Employment to Population Ratios by Sex, Race, Hispanic Origin, and Age, 1948–2004 . . . . . . . 65 Table 1-13. Employed Civilians by Occupation, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin, New Series, 2002–2004 . . . . . . . . . . 68 Table 1-14. Employed Civilians by Occupation, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin, Old Series, 1984–1999 . . . . . . . . . . 69 Table 1-15. Employed Civilians by Industry and Occupation, New Series, 2002–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Table 1-16. Employed Civilians by Industry and Occupation, Old Series, 1990–1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Table 1-17. Employed Civilians in Agriculture and Nonagricultural Industries by Class of Worker and Sex, 1980–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76 Table 1-18. Number of Employed Persons 25 Years and Over by Educational Attainment, Race, Hispanic Origin, and Sex, 1994–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Table 1-19. Multiple Jobholders and Multiple Jobholding Rates by Selected Characteristics, May of Selected Years, 1970–2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Table 1-20. Multiple Jobholders by Sex, Age, Marital Status, Race, Hispanic Origin, and Job Status, 2001–2004 . . . .80 Table 1-21. Multiple Jobholders by Industry of Principal Secondary Job, and Sex, 2002–2004, Annual Averages . . . 81 Table 1-22. Employment and Unemployment in Families by Race and Hispanic Origin, 1995–2004, Annual Averages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Table 1-23. Families by Presence and Relationship of Employed Members and Family Type, 1999–2004, Annual Averages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Table 1-24. Unemployment in Families by Presence and Relationship of Employed Members and Family Type, 1999–2004, Annual Averages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Table 1-25. Employment Status of the Population by Sex, Marital Status, and Presence and Age of Own Children Under 18, 1999–2004, Annual Averages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Table 1-26. Employment Status of Mothers with Own Children Under 3 Years Old by Age of Youngest Child, and Marital Status, 2000–2004, Annual Averages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
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UNEMPLOYMENT Table 1-27. Unemployment Rate According to Selected Characteristics, 1948–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .89 Table 1-28. Unemployed Persons by Sex, Race, Age, and Hispanic Origin, 1948–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Table 1-29. Unemployment Rates of Civilian Workers by Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin, 1948–2004 . . . . . . . . 99 Table 1-30. Unemployed Persons and Unemployment Rates by Occupation, New Series, 2000–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Table 1-31. Unemployed Persons and Unemployment Rates by Occupation, Old Series, 1988–1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Table 1-32. Unemployed Persons by Industry and Class of Worker, New Series, 2000–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 Table 1-33. Unemployed Persons by Industry and Class of Worker, Old Series, 1948–1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 Table 1-34. Unemployment Rates by Industry and Class of Worker, New Series, 2000–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Table 1-35. Unemployment Rates by Industry and Class of Worker, Old Series, 1948–1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Table 1-36. Unemployed Persons by Duration of Unemployment, 1948–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .114 Table 1-37. Long-Term Unemployment by Industry and Occupation, New Series, 2000–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Table 1-38. Long-Term Unemployment by Industry and Occupation, Old Series, 1988–1999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 Table 1-39. Unemployed Persons and Unemployment Rates by Sex, Age, and Reason for Unemployment, 1970–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 WORK EXPERIENCE Table 1-40. Percentage of the Population with Work Experience During the Year by Sex and Age, 1987–2004 . . . .119 Table 1-41. Persons with Work Experience During the Year by Industry and Class of Worker of Job Held the Longest, 2002–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120 Table 1-42. Number of Persons with Work Experience During the Year by Sex and Extent of Employment, 1987–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .121 Table 1-43. Percentage Distribution of the Population with Work Experience During the Year by Sex and Extent of Employment, 1987–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122 Table 1-44. Extent of Unemployment During the Year by Sex, 1994–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .123 Table 1-45. Percentage Distribution of Persons with Unemployment During the Year by Sex and Extent of Unemployment, 1994–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .124 Table 1-46. Number and Median Annual Earnings of Year-Round Full-Time Wage and Salary Workers by Age, Sex, and Race, 1990–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .125 Table 1-47. Number and Median Annual Earnings of Year-Round Full-Time Wage and Salary Workers by Sex and Occupation of Job Held the Longest, 2002–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .126 Table 1-48. Wage and Salary Workers Paid Hourly Rates with Earnings at or Below the Prevailing Federal Minimum Wage by Selected Characteristics, 2003–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 Table 1-49. Absences from Work of Employed Full-Time Wage and Salary Workers by Age and Sex, 2002–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .130 Table 1-50. Median Years of Tenure with Current Employer for Employed Wage and Salary Workers by Age and Sex, Selected Years, 1983–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 Table 1-51. Median Years of Tenure with Current Employer for Employed Wage and Salary Workers by Industry, Selected Years, 2000–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 LABOR FORCE
AND
EMPLOYMENT CHARACTERISTICS
OF
SELECTED FAMILY TYPES
Table 1-52. Employment Status of the Population by Sex and Marital Status, March 1990–2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Table 1-53. Employment Status of All Women and Single Women by Presence and Age of Children, March 1990–2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Table 1-54. Employment Status of Ever-Married Women and Married Women, Spouse Present, by Presence and Age of Children, March 1990–2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 Table 1-55. Employment Status of Women Who Maintain Families by Marital Status and Presence and Age of Children, March 1990–2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Table 1-56. Number and Age of Children in Families by Type of Family and Labor Force Status of Mother, March 1990–2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Table 1-57. Number of Families and Median Family Income by Type of Family and Earner Status of Members, 1992–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
LIST OF TABLES LABOR FORCE
AND
EMPLOYMENT CHARACTERISTICS
OF
ix
FOREIGN BORN WORKERS
Table 1-58. Employment Status of the Foreign Born and Native Born Population by Selected Characteristics, 2003–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141 Table 1-59. Employment Status of the Foreign Born and Native Born Populations 16 Years and Over by Presence and Age of Youngest Child and Sex, 2003–2004 Averages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .143 Table 1-60. Employment Status of the Foreign Born and Native Born Population 25 Years and Over, by Educational Attainment, Race, and Hispanic or Latino Ethnicity, 2003–2004 Averages . . . . . . . . . . . . . .145 Table 1-61. Employed Foreign Born and Native Born Persons 16 Years and Over by Occupation and Sex, 2003–2004 Averages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .146 Table 1-62. Median Usual Weekly Earnings of Full-Time Wage and Salary Workers for the Foreign Born and Native Born by Selected Characteristics, 2003–2004 Averages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .147 LABOR FORCE
AND
EMPLOYMENT CHARACTERISTICS
BY
EDUCATION
Table 1-63. Percentage Distribution of the Civilian Labor Force 25 to 64 Years of Age by Educational Attainment, Sex, and Race, March 1990–2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .148 Table 1-64. Labor Force Participation Rates of Persons 25 to 64 Years of Age by Educational Attainment, Sex, and Race, March 1990–2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .150 Table 1-65. Unemployment Rates of Persons 25 to 64 Years of Age by Educational Attainment and Sex, March 1990–2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .152 Table 1-66. Workers Age 25 to 64 by Educational Attainment, Occupation of Longest Job Held, and Sex, 2003–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153 Table 1-67. Percent Distribution of Workers Age 25 to 64 by Educational Attainment, Occupation of Longest Job Held, and Sex, 2003–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .155 Table 1-68. Median Annual Earnings by Educational Attainment and Sex, Year-Round Full-Time Wage and Salary Workers, Age 25 to 64, 2000–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .157 CONTINGENT WORKERS Table 1-69. Employed Contingent and Noncontingent Workers by Selected Characteristics, February 2005 . . . . . . .160 Table 1-70. Employed Contingent and Noncontingent Workers by Occupation and Industry, February 2005 . . . . . .161 Table 1-71. Employed Workers with Alternative and Traditional Work Arrangements by Selected Characteristics, February 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .162 Table 1-72. Employed Contingent and Noncontingent Workers and Those with Alternative and Traditional Work Arrangements by Health Insurance Coverage and Eligibility for Employer Provided Pension Plans, February 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .163 Table 1-73. Median Usual Weekly Earnings of Full and Part-Time Contingent Wage and Salary Workers and Those with Alternative Work Arrangements by Sex, Race, and Hispanic or Latino Ethnicity, February 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .164 WORKERS
ON
FLEXIBLE
AND
SHIFT SCHEDULES
Table 1-74. Flexible Schedules: Full-Time Wage and Salary Workers by Selected Characteristics, May 2004 . . . . . . .166 Table 1-75. Flexible Schedules: Full-Time Wage and Salary Workers by Sex, Occupation, and Industry, May 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .167 Table 1-76. Flexible Schedules: Full-Time Wage and Salary by Formal Flextime Program Status, Occupation, and Industry, May 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .169 Table 1-77. Shift Usually Worked: Full-Time Wage and Salary Workers by Selected Characteristics, May 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .171 Table 1-78. Shift Usually Worked: Full-Time Wage and Salary Workers by Occupation and Industry, May 2004 . . .172
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PART 2: EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS EMPLOYMENT
AND
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .175
HOURS
Table 2-1. Employees on Nonfarm Payrolls by Super Sector and Selected Component Groups, NAICS Basis, 1994–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .181 Table 2-2. Employees on Nonfarm Payrolls by Major Industry Groups, SIC Basis, 1948–1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 Table 2-3. Women Employees on Nonfarm Payrolls by Super Sector and Selected Component Groups, NAICS Basis, 1990–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .184 Table 2-4. Women Employees on Nonfarm Payrolls by Major Industry, SIC Basis, 1959–1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .185 Table 2-5. Production or Nonsupervisory Workers on Private Nonfarm Payrolls by Super Sector, NAICS Basis, 1990–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .186 Table 2-6. Production or Nonsupervisory Workers on Private Nonfarm Payrolls by Major Industry, SIC Basis, 1947–1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .187 Table 2-7. Production Workers on Durable Goods Manufacturing Payrolls by Industry, NAICS Basis, 1990–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188 Table 2-8. Production Workers on Durable Goods Manufacturing Payrolls by Industry, Selected Years, SIC Basis, 1939–1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .189 Table 2-9. Production Workers on Nondurable Goods Manufacturing Payrolls by Industry, NAICS Basis, 1990–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .190 Table 2-10. Production Workers on Nondurable Goods Manufacturing Payrolls by Industry, Selected Years, SIC Basis, 1939–1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .191 Table 2-11. Average Weekly Hours of Production or Nonsupervisory Workers on Private Nonfarm Payrolls by Super Sector, NAICS Basis, 1990–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .192 Table 2-12. Average Weekly Hours of Production or Nonsupervisory Workers on Private Nonfarm Payrolls by Major Industry, SIC Basis, 1947–1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .193 Table 2-13. Average Weekly Hours of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by Industry, NAICS Basis, 1990–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .194 Table 2-14. Average Weekly Hours of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by Industry, SIC Basis, 1947–1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .195 Table 2-15. Average Weekly Overtime Hours of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by Industry, NAICS Basis, 1990–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .197 Table 2-16. Average Weekly Overtime Hours of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by Industry, SIC Basis, 1956–1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .198 Table 2-17. Indexes of Aggregate Weekly Hours of Production or Nonsupervisory Workers on Private Nonfarm Payrolls by Super Sector, NAICS Basis, 1990–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .200 Table 2-18. Indexes of Aggregate Weekly Hours of Production or Nonsupervisory Workers on Private Nonfarm Payrolls by Industry, SIC Basis, 1947–1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .201 Table 2-19. Indexes of Aggregate Weekly Hours of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by Industry, NAICS Basis, 1990–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .202 Table 2-20. Indexes of Aggregate Weekly Hours of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by Industry, SIC Basis, 1947–1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .203 EARNINGS Table 2-21. Average Hourly Earnings of Production or Nonsupervisory Workers on Private Nonfarm Payrolls by Super Sector, NAICS Basis, 1990–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .206 Table 2-22. Average Hourly Earnings of Production or Nonsupervisory Workers on Private Nonfarm Payrolls by Industry, SIC Basis, 1947–1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .207 Table 2-23. Average Hourly Earnings of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by Industry, NAICS Basis, 1990–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .208 Table 2-24. Average Hourly Earnings of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by Industry, SIC Basis, 1947–1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .209 Table 2-25. Average Weekly Earnings of Production or Nonsupervisory Workers on Nonfarm Payrolls by Industry in Current and Constant Dollars, NAICS Basis, 1990–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .211 Table 2-26. Average Weekly Earnings of Production or Nonsupervisory Workers on Nonfarm Payrolls by Industry in Current and Constant Dollars, SIC Basis, 1947–1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .212
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Table 2-27. Average Weekly Earnings of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by Industry, NAICS Basis, 1990–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .214 Table 2-28. Average Weekly Earnings of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by Industry, SIC Basis, 1947–1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .215 EMPLOYMENT, HOURS,
AND
EARNINGS
BY
STATE
Table 2-29. Employees on Total Nonfarm Payrolls by State, 1965–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .217 Table 2-30. Employees on Manufacturing Payrolls by State, NAICS Basis, 1990–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .220 Table 2-31. Employees on Manufacturing Payrolls by State, SIC Basis, 1964–1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .221 Table 2-32. Employees on Government Payrolls by State, NAICS Basis, 1990–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .223 Table 2-33. Employees on Government Payrolls by State, SIC Basis, 1964–1989 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .224 Table 2-34. Average Weekly Hours of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by State, NAICS Basis, 2001–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .226 Table 2-35. Average Weekly Hours of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by State, SIC Basis, 1973–2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .227 Table 2-36. Average Hourly Earnings of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by State, NAICS Basis, 2001–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .229 Table 2-37. Average Hourly Earnings of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by State, SIC Basis, 1973–2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .230 Table 2-38. Average Weekly Earnings of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by State, NAICS Basis, 2001–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .232 Table 2-39. Average Weekly Earnings of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by State, SIC Basis, 1973–2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .233 QUARTERLY CENSUS
OF
EMPLOYMENT
AND
WAGES
Table 2-40. Employment and Average Annual Pay for All Covered Workers, by State, 2001–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .236 Table 2-41. NAICS Industry Employment and Average Annual Pay for All Covered Workers, United States, 2001–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .237 Table 2-42. SIC Industry Employment and Average Annual Pay for All Covered Workers, United States, Old Series, 1997–2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .238 BUSINESS EMPLOYMENT DYNAMICS Table 2-43. Private Sector Gross Job Gains and Job Losses, Seasonally Adjusted, September 1992–December 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .241 Table 2-44. Private Sector Gross Job Gains and Job Losses, as a Percent of Employment, Seasonally Adjusted, September 1992–December 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .242 Table 2-45. Three-Month Private Sector Job Gains and Losses by Industry, Seasonally Adjusted, 2003–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .243 PART 3: OCCUPATIONAL EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .245
Table 3-1. Employment and Wages by Major Occupational Group, May 2003–May 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .249 Table 3-2. Distribution of Employment by Wage Range and Occupational Group, May 2003–May 2004 . . . . . . . . .250 Table 3-3. Employment and Wages by Occupation, May 2003–May 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .251 PART 4: PROJECTIONS OF LABOR FORCE AND EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION . . . . . . . . .265 Table 4-1. Civilian Labor Force by Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin, 1982, 1992, 2002, and Projected 2012 . . . .270 Table 4-2. Fastest Growing Occupations, 2002–2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .274 Table 4-3. Industries with the Largest Output Growth and Declines, 2000–2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .275 Table 4-4. Percentage of Employees and Projected Net Employment Change in Selected Occupations, by Age Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .276 Table 4-5. Employment and Output by Industry, 1992, 2002, and Projected 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .277 Table 4-6. Employment by Occupation, 2002 and Projected 2012 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .282
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PART 5: PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .295 Table 5-1. Indexes of Productivity and Related Data, 1947–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .301 Table 5-2. Average Annual Percent Change in Output per Hour and Related Series, 1987–2003 and 2002–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .305 Table 5-3. Average Annual Percent Change in Output per Hour and Related Series, Retail Trade, Wholesale Trade, and Food Services and Drinking Places Industries, 1987–2004 and 2003–2004 . . . . . . . .309 Table 5-4. Indexes of Multifactor Productivity and Related Measures, Selected Years, 1960–2002 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .310 Table 5-5. Indexes of Multifactor Productivity and Related Measures, Manufacturing Industries, 1985–2001 . . . . . .312 PART 6: COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .317
EMPLOYMENT COST INDEX Table 6-1. Employment Cost Index, Private Industry Workers, Total Compensation and Wages and Salaries by Occupation and Industry, 1990–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .322 Table 6-2. Employment Cost Index, State and Local Government Workers, Total Compensation and Wages and Salaries by Occupation and Industry, 1990–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339 Table 6-3. Employment Cost Index, Benefits, by Occupation, Industry, and Bargaining Status, 1990–2004 . . . . . . . .343 Table 6-4. Employment Cost Index, Private Industry Workers, Total Compensation and Wages and Salaries by Bargaining Status, Industry, Region, and Area Size, 1990–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .347 Table 6-5. Employer Compensation Costs per Hour Worked for Employee Compensation and Costs as a Percent of Total Compensation: Private Industry Workers, by Major Industry Group, March 2005 . . . . .352 Table 6-6. Employer Compensation Costs per Hour Worked for Employee Compensation and Costs as a Percent of Total Compensation: Private Industry Workers, by Census Area and Region, March 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .354 Table 6-7. Employer Compensation Costs per Hour Worked for Employee Compensation and Costs as a Percent of Total Compensation: State and Local Government, by Major Occupational and Industry Group, March 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .355 Table 6-8. Employer Compensation Costs Per Hour Worked for Employee Compensation and Costs as a Percent of Total Compensation: State and Local Government Workers, by Occupational and Industry Workers, March 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .356 EMPLOYEE BENEFITS SURVEY Table 6-9. Percent of Workers that are Participating in or with Access to Selected Benefits, March 2005 . . . . . . . . .358 Table 6-10. Medical Care Benefits: Percent of Participants Required to Contribute and Average Employee Contribution, Private Industry, March 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .359 Table 6-11. Mean Hourly Earnings and Weekly Hours by Selected Characteristics, Private Industry and State and Local Government, National Compensation Survey, July 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .360 Table 6-12. Mean Hourly Earnings and Weekly Hours for Selected Characteristics, Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Areas, National Compensation Survey, July 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361 Table 6-13. Mean Hourly Earnings and Weekly Hours for Selected Occupations, Full-Time and Part-Time Workers, National Compensation Survey, July 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .362 PART 7: PRICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .363 PRODUCER PRICE INDEX Table 7-1. Producer Price Indexes by Stage of Processing, 1947–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .368 Table 7-2. Producer Price Indexes by Commodity Groups, 1913–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .369 Table 7-3. Producer Price Indexes for the Net Output of Selected Industries, 1994–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .371
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CONSUMER PRICE INDEX Table 7-4. Consumer Price Indexes, All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. City Average, Major Groups, 1967–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .378 Table 7-5. Consumer Price Indexes, All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. City Average, Commodity, Service, and Special Groups, 1967–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .379 Table 7-6. Consumer Price Indexes, All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. City Average, Selected Groups, and Purchasing Power of the Consumer Dollar, 1913–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .381 Table 7-7. Consumer Price Indexes, Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W): U.S. City Average, Major Groups, 1913–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .383 Table 7-8. Consumer Price Indexes, All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. City Average, by Expenditure Category, 1990–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .386 Table 7-9. Relative Importance of Components in the Consumer Price Index: U.S. City Average, December 1997–December 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .387 Table 7-10. Consumer Price Indexes, All Urban Consumers, All Items: Selected Areas, Selected Years, 1965–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .388 EXPORT
AND IMPORT
PRICE INDEXES
Table 7-11. U.S. Export Price Indexes for Selected Categories of Goods, by Standard International Trade Classification, 1990–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .390 Table 7-12. U.S. Import Price Indexes for Selected Categories of Goods, by Standard International Trade Classification, 1990–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .395 Table 7-13. U.S. Import Price Indexes for Selected Categories of Goods, by Locality of Origin, 1994–2004 . . . . . . . .400 Table 7-14. U.S. Import and Export Price Indexes and Percent Changes for Selected Categories of Services, December 2003–December 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .403 PART 8: CONSUMER EXPENDITURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .405 Table 8-1. Consumer Expenditures, Average Annual of All Consumer Units, 1993–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .410 Table 8-2. Shares of Average Annual Expenditures and Characteristics of All Consumer Units, 1993–2003 . . . . . . .411 Table 8-3. Consumer Expenditures, Averages by Income Before Taxes, 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .412 Table 8-4. Consumer Expenditures, Averages by Higher Income Before Taxes, 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .413 Table 8-5. Consumer Expenditures, Averages by Quintiles of Income Before Taxes, 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .414 Table 8-6. Consumer Expenditures, Averages by Age of Reference Person, 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .415 Table 8-7. Consumer Expenditures, Averages by Size of Consumer Unit, 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .416 Table 8-8. Consumer Expenditures, Averages by Composition of Consumer Unit, 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .417 Table 8-9. Consumer Expenditures, Averages by Number of Earners, 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .418 Table 8-10. Consumer Expenditures, Averages by Occupation of Reference Person, 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .419 Table 8-11. Consumer Expenditures, Averages by Housing Tenure and Type of Area, 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .420 Table 8-12. Consumer Expenditures, Averages by Region of Residence, 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .421 Table 8-13. Consumer Expenditures, Averages by Population Size of Area of Residence, 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .422 Table 8-14. Consumer Expenditures, Averages by Race of Reference Person, 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .423 Table 8-15. Consumer Expenditures, Averages by Hispanic or Latino Origin of Reference Person, 2003 . . . . . . . . .424 Table 8-16. Consumer Expenditures, Averages by Education of Reference Person, 2002–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .425 Table 8-17. Consumer Expenditures, Averages for Age Groups by Income Before Taxes, 2002–2003: Reference Person Under Age 25 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .426 Table 8-18. Consumer Expenditures, Averages for Age Groups by Income Before Taxes, 2002–2003: Reference Person Age 25–34 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .427 Table 8-19. Consumer Expenditures, Averages for Age Groups by Income Before Taxes, 2002–2003: Reference Person Age 35–44 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .428 Table 8-20. Consumer Expenditures, Averages for Age Groups by Income Before Taxes, 2002–2003: Reference Person Age 45–54 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .429 Table 8-21. Consumer Expenditures, Averages for Age Groups by Income Before Taxes, 2002–2003: Reference Person Age 55–64 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .430 Table 8-22. Consumer Expenditures, Averages for Age Groups by Income Before Taxes, 2002–2003: Reference Person Age 65 and Over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .431
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Table 8-23. Consumer Expenditures, Averages for Single Men by Income Before Taxes, 2002–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . .432 Table 8-24. Consumer Expenditures, Averages for Single Women by Income Before Taxes, 2002–2003 . . . . . . . . . . .433 Table 8-25. Consumer Expenditures, Averages by Selected Metropolitan Statistical Areas, 2002–2003: Northeast Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .434 Table 8-26. Consumer Expenditures, Averages by Selected Metropolitan Statistical Areas, 2002–2003: South Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .435 Table 8-27. Consumer Expenditures, Averages by Selected Metropolitan Statistical Areas, 2002–2003: Midwest Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .436 Table 8-28. Consumer Expenditures, Averages by Selected Metropolitan Statistical Areas, 2002–2003: West Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .437 PART 9: OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .439
Table 9-1. Incidence Rates of Nonfatal Occupational Injuries and Illnesses by Selected Industries and Case Types, 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .444 Table 9-2. Number of Nonfatal Occupational Injuries and Illnesses Involving Days Away from Work by Selected Worker Characteristics and Industry Division, Private Industry, 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .447 Table 9-3. Number and Percent Distribution of Nonfatal Occupational Injuries and Illnesses Involving Days Away from Work by Selected Occupation and Number of Days Away from Work, Private Industry, 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .449 Table 9-4. Fatal Occupational Injuries by Selected Worker Characteristics and Selected Event or Exposure, 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .450 Table 9-5. Fatal Occupational Injuries by Occupation and Selected Event or Exposure, 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .451 PART 10: LABOR MANAGEMENT RELATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .453 Table 10-1. Work Stoppages Involving 1,000 Workers or More, 1947–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .457 Table 10-2. Union Affiliation of Employed Wage and Salary Workers by Selected Characteristics, 1999–2004 . . . . .458 Table 10-3. Union Affiliation of Wage and Salary Workers by Occupation and Industry, 2003–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . .460 Table 10-4. Median Weekly Earnings of Full-Time Wage and Salary Workers by Union Affiliation, Occupation, and Industry, 2003–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .462 Table 10-5. Union or Employee Association Members Among Wage and Salary Employees, 1977–2004 . . . . . . . . . .464 Table 10-6. Union Affiliation of Employed Wage and Salary Workers by State, 2003–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .465 PART 11: FOREIGN LABOR AND PRICE STATISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467 Table 11-1. Employment Status of the Working-Age Population, Approximating U.S. Concepts, 10 Countries, 1970–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .471 Table 11-2. Indexes of Manufacturing Productivity and Related Measures, 15 Countries, 1970 and 1990–2004 . . . . .473 Table 11-3. Hourly Compensation Costs in U.S. Dollars for Production Workers in Manufacturing, 30 Countries and Selected Areas, Selected Years, 1975–2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .475 Table 11-4. Consumer Price Indexes, 16 Countries, 1950–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .476 Table 11-5. Consumer Price Indexes, 16 Countries, Percent Change from Previous Year, 1956–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . .477 Table 11-6. Real GDP Per Capita, 15 Countries, 1960–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .478 Table 11-7. Real GDP per Employed Person, 15 Countries, 1960–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .479 Table 11-8. Employment–Population Ratios, 15 Countries, 1960–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .480 Table 11-9. Real GDP Per Capita and per Employed Person, 15 Countries, 1980–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .481 PART 12: AMERICAN TIME USE SURVEY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .483 Table 12-1. Average Hours per Day Spent in Primary Activities for the Total Population and for Persons Reporting the Activity on the Diary Day by Activity Category and Sex, 2004 Annual Averages . . . . . .488 Table 12-2. Average Hours per Day Spent in Primary Activities for the Total Population by Age, Sex, Race, Hispanic or Latino Ethnicity, and Educational Attainment, 2004 Annual Averages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .489 Table 12-3. Average Hours Worked per Day by Employed Persons on Weekdays and Weekends by Selected Characteristics, 2004 Annual Averages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .490
LIST OF TABLES
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Table 12-4. Average Hours Worked per Day at Main Job Only Spent by Employed Persons on Weekdays and Weekend Days by Selected Characteristics, 2004 Annual Averages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .491 Table 12-5. Average Hours Worked per Day at All Jobs by Employed Persons at Workplace or Home by Selected Characteristics, 2004 Annual Averages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .492 Table 12-6. Average Hours Worked per Day at Main Job Only by Employed Persons at Workplace or Home by Selected Characteristics, 2004 Annual Averages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .493 Table 12-7. Average Hours per Day Spent by Persons 18 Years and Over, Caring for Household Children Under 18 Years, by Sex of Respondent and Age of Youngest Household Child, 2004 Annual Averages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .494 Table 12-8. Average Hours per Day Spent in Primary Activities for the Total Population Age 18 Years and Older by Activity Category, Employment Status, Presence and Age of Household Children, and Sex, 2004 Annual Averages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .495 Table 12-9. Average Hours per Day Spent in Leisure and Sports Activities for the Total Population by Selected Characteristics, 2004 Annual Averages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .497
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LIST OF CHARTS PART 1: POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS Percentage Increase of the Civilian Labor Force by Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin, 1994–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 Percent Distribution of Employed Civilians by Age, 1994 and 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55 Unemployment Rate for Men by Race and Hispanic Origin, 1994–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87 Unemployment Rate for Women by Race and Hispanic Origin, 1994–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87 PART 2: EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS Percent Change in Nonfarm Payroll Employment, 1994–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Average Weekly Earnings of Production or Nonsupervisory Workers on Total Private Nonfarm Payrolls, in Current and Constant Dollars, 1994–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .205 Private Sector Gross Job Gains and Gross Job Losses, Seasonally Adjusted, September 1992–December 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 Components of Private Sector Gross Job Gains and Job Losses, Seasonally Adjusted, September 1992–December 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 PART 3: OCCUPATIONAL EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES Percentage of Total Employment and Mean Hourly Wages of Selected Major Occupational Groups, May 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .247 PART 4: PROJECTIONS OF LABOR FORCE AND EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION Percent Change and Projected Percent Change in the Labor Force, 1992–2002 and 2002–2012 . . . . . . . . . . . 267 The 10 Fastest Growing Occupations, 2002–2012 (Percent Change) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .273 PART 5: PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS Indexes of Productivity, Business, 1994–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297 Indexes of Productivity, Manufacturing, 1994–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297 PART 6: COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES Private Industry Wages, Salaries, and Benefits, Percent Change, 1994–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .319 State and Local Government Wages, Salaries, and Benefits, Percent Change, 1994–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319 PART 7: PRICES Producer and Consumer Price Indexes, Energy Commodities, 1994–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 Consumer Price Index, All Items and Medical Care, 1994–2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385 PART 8: CONSUMER EXPENDITURES Percent Distribution of Major Consumer Expenditures by Selected Age Groups, 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 407 PART 9: OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH Nonfatal Occupational Injuries and Illness Rates by Major Industry, 2003 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441 PART 10: LABOR MANAGEMENT RELATIONS Median Weekly Earnings of Full-Time Wage and Salary Workers by Union Affiliation, Sector, and Occupation, 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455 PART 11: FOREIGN LABOR AND PRICE STATISTICS Unemployment Rate, 10 Countries, 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .469 PART 12: AMERICAN TIME USE SURVEY Average Hours Spent per Day in Primary Activities for Persons Reporting the Activity on the Diary Day, 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 485
ABOUT THE EDITORS
Eva E. Jacobs, editor of Handbook of U.S. Labor Statistics since the first edition, served as Chief of the Division of Consumer Expenditure Surveys at the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) for over 20 years. As manager of this division, Ms. Jacobs was responsible for the ongoing Consumer Expenditure Survey, which tracked the expenditure patterns of U.S. households over time. Ms. Jacobs also held positions in the Productivity Division and the Economic Growth Division. More recently, she acted as advisor on cost of living projects for both government and private consultants. Currently, Ms. Jacobs serves as chair of a panel advising the Safe Harbor Working Group on issues related to cost of living adjustments for federal employees in Alaska, Hawaii, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands. Ms. Jacobs was the 1998 recipient of the Julius Shiskin Award, given by the National Association of Business Economists and the Washington Statistical Society for distinguished contributions to economic statistics.
Mary Meghan Ryan is a data analyst with Bernan Press. She received her bachelor’s degree in economics from the University of Maryland and is a former economist with the American Economics Group. Additionally, Ms. Ryan has worked as a research assistant for FRANDATA. Ms. Ryan is also an associate editor of the eighth edition of Business Statistics of the United States and the first edition of Vital Statistics of the United States, both published by Bernan Press.
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PREFACE A changing economy brings different problems to the economic forefront. During the period of recession and slow growth from 2000-2003, attention was focused on employment, unemployment, and the weakening manufacturing sector. Prior to the recession and during the recovery period, it was the possibility of inflation and the movement of the Producer and Consumer Price Indexes that were the subject of scrutiny. More recently, the sharp rise in oil prices and the possible ramifications through the entire economy have demanded the attention of policy makers and analysts.
which derives data from establishments. The difference in trends between the surveys over certain periods has disturbed users for some time. The article concludes that an inexplicable difference remains in place, even after making numerous adjustments to account for dissimilarities in methodology and definitions. The second article, “The Relationship Between Labor Costs and Inflation: A Cyclical Viewpoint,” examines how well various BLS measures of labor cost inflation have anticipated cyclical ups and downs in consumer price inflation. The author concludes that the comparisons suggest that labor cost inflation is not a consistent predictor of cyclical upswings and downswings in general consumer price inflation.
Other problems are persistent and continue to be debated. One is the increasing cost of medical care faced by government, industry, and individuals. How much have prescription drugs and medical services increased in price? What are the factors driving these costs? How do these costs affect medical benefits provided by employers to employees and retirees? At the same time, various non-cyclical changes are taking place that raise questions and require analysis and policy decisions. What has been the impact of immigration on the structure of the labor force? Which industries are expected to provide employment growth in the future? How will technology change the occupational and educational requirements of industry? How have the demographic changes in population affected the pattern of pension plans offered by employers? How have the consumption patterns of various groups in the population changed? Answering questions such as these for the future requires information about the present and the past. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) provides a treasure trove of historical information about the labor market, prices, and productivity. Bernan Press is pleased to present a compilation of such BLS data this ninth edition of its awardwinning Handbook of U.S. Labor Statistics. The current publication maintains and updates the content of the previous editions and adds additional data and new features. FEATURES OF THIS PUBLICATION •
Approximately 200 tables present authoritative data on workers, industries, wages, prices, productivity, and international comparisons.
•
Each Handbook begins with articles that introduce new surveys or present current research that applies the data within to users’ areas of interest. Three articles in this Handbook illustrate the uses of the data related to public policy issues:
The third article, “How BLS Measures Price Change for Motor Fuels in the Consumer Price Index,” is particularly topical in view of the recent rapid increases in the price of gasoline. Previous editions of the Handbook have described the new American Time Use Survey (sixth edition) and introduced the new classification systems for occupations (SOC, third edition) and industries (NAICS, sixth edition). •
An introduction to each part highlights salient data in the numerous tables.
•
One or more charts in each part that call attention to noteworthy trends. A summary of important economic trends can be found at the beginning of the Handbook.
•
Each major section is preceded by a concise description of the data sources, concepts, definitions, and methodology from which the tables are derived.
•
The introductory notes also contain references to more comprehensive reports that provide more data and more detailed descriptions of estimation methods and reliability measures.
NEW TABLES IN THIS EDITION
The first article, “Employment from the BLS Household and Payroll Surveys: Summary of Recent Trends,” is an examination of the differences in the trends of employment as estimated from the Current Population Survey, which surveys households, and the Current Employment Survey,
Contingent workers. These tables were discontinued in the eighth edition of this Handbook because the survey had not been conducted since 2001. The survey was resumed as a supplement to the Current Population Survey in 2004 and the new data are now included in five new tables. Foreign-born workers. Previous editions of this Handbook showed employment by citizenship. The five new tables show the labor force status of foreign-born workers and their characteristics. This is more comprehensive than citi-
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zenship, as it includes both illegal residents and foreignborn workers who are not citizens but are legal residents. Flexible schedules. Five new tables show the number of workers on various kinds of flexible schedules and shift arrangements and their characteristics. These are the first data on this subject since 2001. Consumer Expenditures Survey. More tables were added and modifications were made to this survey in order to conform to new classifications of race and ethnicity and to permit publishing more information with additional classes. For example, a new column showing information for Asians is included in the race table. American Time Use Survey. A second year of experience with this survey has led to the inclusion of three new tables with more data about time spent at work. Other additional information. More tables by industry and occupation now use the new industry and occupation classifications. All data are updated to what was available at the time of preparation. The notes and definitions and sources of additional information are also updated.
are available on the BLS Web site. Other sources of current data and analytical are on the Monthly Labor Review and a daily Internet publication, The Editor’s Desk (TED). The Web site for the BLS home page is
. Other relevant publications are noted at the end of each individual part. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Preparation of this book was very much a team activity. Mary Meghan Ryan capably researched the data and compiled the tables. Deirdre Gaquin prepared the special tabulations of data from the Current Population Survey. Jo A. Wilson, assisted by Rebecca Zayas, prepared the graphics and layout. Shana Hertz copyedited this edition. I extend my sincere gratitude to these individuals for their skills, professionalism, and cooperative effort—all of which made this publication possible. Particular thanks go to the BLS staff members too numerous to mention by name who patiently answered questions and provided material. OTHER PUBLICATIONS BY BERNAN PRESS
SOURCES OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION The Handbook of U.S. Labor Statistics is one of a number of publications in Bernan Press’ award-winning U.S. DataBook Series. Other titles in the U.S. DataBook Series include Business Statistics of the United States: Patterns of Economic Change; Vital Statistics of the United States: Births, Life Expectancy, Deaths, and Selected Health Data; The Almanac of American Education; and United States Foreign Trade Highlights. Each of these titles provides the public with statistical information from official government sources.
For the most part, BLS data are derived from surveys conducted by the federal government or through federal-state cooperative arrangements. The comparability of data over time can be affected by changes in the surveys, which are needed to keep pace with the current structure of economic institutions or to take advantage of improved survey techniques. Revisions of current data are also periodically made as a result of the availability of new information. In addition, some tables in this Handbook were dropped due to the data being from a one-time survey that is now outdated, such as the data on training (1995), or the survey being entirely restructured. Introductory notes to each part summarize specific factors that may affect the data. In the tables, the ellipsis character (“…”) has been used to indicate data that are not available.
Other publications published by Bernan Press include The Encyclopedia of the Library of Congress: For Congress, the Nation & the World and Datapedia of the United States: American History in Numbers.
More extensive methodological information, including sampling and estimation procedures for all BLS programs, is contained in the BLS Handbook of Methods, BLS Bulletin 2490, April 1997. That publication is being updated as each chapter is completed. The completed chapters
If you have any questions or suggestions on how we may make future editions even more useful, please contact us by email at [email protected] or write us at Bernan Press, 4611-F Assembly Dr., Lanham, MD 20706. Visit our Web site at .
ARTICLE 1 EMPLOYMENT FROM THE BLS HOUSEHOLD AND PAYROLL SURVEYS: SUMMARY OF RECENT TRENDS This article is adapted from one that appeared on the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Website on June 3, 2005. The original article is considerably longer and more detailed. The original article also refers the reader to additional articles describing the extensive research BLS has done on this subject. The complete article can be found at . OVERVIEW The BLS has two monthly surveys that measure employment levels and trends: the Current Population Survey (CPS), also known as the household survey, and the Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey, also known as the payroll or establishment survey. (Data from the CPS appear in Part 1 of this Handbook and data from the CES appear in Part 2.)
household and payroll surveys use different definitions of employment and distinct survey and estimation methods. This article is designed to help data users better understand the differences in the surveys’ employment measures and the divergences that sometimes occur in their trends. The following information includes summary comparison of household and payroll survey concepts, definitions, and methodologies; employment trends as measured by the payroll and household surveys; and possible causes of differences in employment trends.
Estimates from both surveys are published in the “Employment Situation” news release each month. The
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TABLE 1. SUMMARY COMPARISON OF THE HOUSEHOLD AND PAYROLL SURVEYS Comparison by
Household Survey
Payroll Survey
Universe
Civilian noninstitutional population age 16 and over
Nonfarm wage and salary jobs
Type of survey
Monthly sample survey of approximately 60,000 households
Monthly sample survey of about 160,000 businesses and government agencies covering approximately 400,000 establishments
Major outputs
Labor force, employment, unemployment, and associated rates with significant demographic detail
Employment, hours, and earnings with significant industry and geographic detail
Reference period
Calendar week that includes the 12th of the month
Employer pay period that includes the 12th of the month (could be weekly, biweekly, monthly, or other)
Employment concept
Estimate of employed persons (multiple jobholders are counted only once)
Estimate of jobs (multiple jobholders counted for each nonfarm payroll job)
Employment definition differences
Includes the unincorporated selfemployed, unpaid family members, agriculture and related workers, private household workers, and workers absent without pay
Excludes all of the groups listed at left, except for the logging component of agriculture and related industries
±436,0001
±108,000
No direct benchmark for employment—adjustments to underlying population base revised annually to intercensal estimates, and every 10 years to the decennial census
Employment benchmarked annually to employment counts derived primarily from unemployment insurance (UI) tax records
Size of over-the-month change in employment required for a statistically significant movement Benchmark adjustments to survey results
1This
figure is updated periodically to incorporate more current data. The latest update (March 2005) also included a correction in the program used to calculate it.
HOUSEHOLD AND PAYROLL SURVEYS
EMPLOYMENT TRENDS AS MEASURED BY THE HOUSEHOLD AND PAYROLL SURVEYS The household survey employment level normally exceeds that of the payroll survey. When the household survey is adjusted to more closely match the payroll survey definition, trend discrepancies between the two surveys are more discernible. In particular, there is a multi-year period from the late 1990s through the onset of the 2001 recession
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in which payroll employment was growing significantly faster than household survey employment. More recently, the two series converged. Table 2 shows recent employment trends in the payroll and household surveys. This table uses an adjusted household employment that is more comparable with the payroll survey. Even with this adjustment, the difference in employment change as measured by the two surveys is significant.
TABLE 2. RECENT TRENDS IN PAYROLL EMPLOYMENT AND HOUSEHOLD SURVEY EMPLOYMENT ADJUSTED TO AN EMPLOYMENT CONCEPT MORE SIMILAR TO THAT OF THE PAYROLL SURVEY (NUMBERS IN THOUSANDS)
Payroll survey: Total nonfarm employment, seasonally adjusted2 Household survey: Total employment, smoothed for population control revisions, adjusted to be more like the payroll survey, and seasonally adjusted Difference 2Payroll
April 2005–May 2005
May 2004–May 2005
March 2001 (peak)–May 2005
November 2001 (trough)– May 2005
78
1,974
836
2,468
210
2,279
3,381
4,626
132
305
2,545
2,158
employment for May 2005 is preliminary and subject to revision.
POSSIBLE CAUSES OF DIFFERENCES IN EMPLOYMENT TRENDS The following summarizes some issues with the surveys that are important to consider when comparing changes in employment from the two sources.
(UI) tax records that nearly all employers are required to file. Payroll employment thus continues to track closely with the universe of nonfarm payroll employment. With regard to the benchmark source data, BLS has reviewed information from publicly available UI management reports concerning the timeliness of new business enrollments into the UI system.
Sampling error – The payroll survey has a much larger sample size than the household survey. Household survey employment is therefore subject to larger sampling error—about four times that of the payroll survey on a monthly basis. (Table 1)
New business births in the payroll survey – The payroll survey sample does not include new firms immediately. They are incorporated with a lag.
Payroll survey benchmark – The payroll survey estimates are benchmarked once a year against a full universe count of employment derived from unemployment insurance
Job changing - Employment estimates from the payroll survey are a count of jobs. This is different than the household survey, which provides a count of employed persons.
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If a person changes jobs within a payroll survey reference period, which is defined as the pay period including the 12th of the month, both jobs will be counted by the payroll survey estimates. If the rate of job-to-job movement changes substantially over time, it could impact trends produced from the payroll survey. Population controls in the household survey – Population controls determine the weights used in the household survey to adjust the sample results to the overall level of the U.S. population. There are limitations to the population control estimates primarily due to the difficulties associated with estimating the net international migration component. Worker classification in the household survey – Adjusting for the measurable differences in the surveys’ employment definitions resolves only a portion of the discrepancy. The adjustment process is imperfect because precise data are not available in many cases. This type of reporting issue limits BLS’ ability to fully reconcile the two employment measures. (Table 2) “Off-the-books” employment – Workers who are paid “off-the-books” are not reported in the payroll survey. The household survey may include some of these workers, but BLS cannot determine the extent to which they might affect the results for household survey employment. SUMMARY BLS has estimated the measurable definitional differences between the household and payroll surveys and found
they provide a partial explanation for the employment trend differences. There are a number of definitional differences between the surveys that cannot be readily measured or quantified. These differences may contribute to divergences in the surveys’ trends, but their effects are either unknown or can only be conjectured. In addition, although BLS has devoted considerable attention to this issue, there may be other contributing factors that have not been identified. BLS is continuing to investigate possible causes of the recent divergences in employment growth between the payroll and household surveys. BLS also has implemented improvements to address past limitations. The redesign of the payroll survey, for example, has led to the use of a probability sample, the increased updating of the survey sample frame, and the development of a more effective means for estimating business births and deaths. Both the payroll and household surveys are needed for a complete picture of the labor market. The payroll survey provides a highly reliable gauge of monthly change in nonfarm wage and salary employment. This survey has a large probability sample and is benchmarked annually to a universe count of jobs derived from the unemployment insurance tax system. The payroll survey offers detailed levels of industry and geographic information. The household survey provides a broader picture of employment including agriculture and the self-employed. This survey also provides detailed information on the demographic composition of the employed and the unemployed.
ARTICLE 2 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LABOR COSTS AND INFLATION: A CYCLICAL VIEWPOINT This article, authored by Anirvan Banerji1, was abstracted from the May 2005 edition of “Compensation and Working Conditions” and is available online on at the BLS Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Web site at . This study examines how well various BLS measures of labor cost inflation have anticipated cyclical ups and downs in consumer price inflation. to specifically assess the ability of economic indicators to predict turns in the inflation cycle.
CONVENTIONAL WISDOM It is commonly believed that labor costs are a key predictor of inflation, because they represent roughly two-thirds of the total costs to private U.S. businesses.2 This view implies a cost-push model of inflation, which is based on the idea that the primary determinant of higher prices is higher costs. An alternative view is that firms will charge whatever the market will bear, regardless of their actual costs. If the market’s acceptance of higher prices is the dominant determinant of inflation, the cost-push model would have less validity.
Labor cost inflation, as measured by the growth rates of various measures of labor costs, is also cyclical in nature. While there is obviously some rough correspondence between labor cost inflation and consumer price inflation, the question is whether, empirically, cyclical turns in the former systematically anticipate cyclical turns in the latter. If so, labor cost inflation would be an important predictor of consumer price inflation, thus validating the cost-push model of inflation.
One way to test the cost-push model’s validity is to examine the historical record to see how well traditional measures of labor cost inflation have anticipated the cyclical ups and downs in of general inflation. This article compares various BLS measures of labor costs with the Consumer Price Index (CPI)—a standard measure of inflation—for the 1982–2004 period. The record turns out to be mixed on this issue.
The critical test for any predictor of inflation is whether it can systematically anticipate the cyclical peaks and troughs in the inflation cycle. In other words, is it a leading indicator of inflation? In this article, the cyclical analysis is conducted in three steps. First, the cyclical turning points of each time series are determined using the BryBoschan procedure. Second, the data are charted against inflation cycles. Finally, the lead and lag characteristics are established.
INFLATION CYCLES Inflation has always had an important cyclical aspect. The late Geoffrey H. Moore, who served as the Commissioner of Labor Statistics from 1969 to 1973, and later founded the Economic Cycle Research Institute (ECRI), held the view that market-oriented economies exhibit inflation cycles, made up of alternating periods of rising and falling inflation. ECRI maintains a historical chronology of U.S. inflation cycles, which are determined using the kinds of rules that are used to date business cycles, such as those used in the Bry-Boschan “peak-trough” procedure for determining cyclical turning points.3 The Bry-Boschan procedure is an objective algorithmic formulation of the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) rules for identifying cyclical turns, and it remains the standard for turning-point determination procedures. While inflation is cyclical, inflation downturns do not always follow slowdowns in economic growth. A quarter of the time, inflation starts easing before a slowdown in growth.4 In addition, there are episodes—such as the stagflation of the late 1970s and the noninflationary growth of the late 1990s—when there appears to be no is no apparent connection between economic growth and inflation. Thus, inflation cycles are distinct from cycles in economic growth—one of the reasons why it is important
This article also examines three popular measures of labor cost inflation to see how well they predict peaks and troughs in consumer price inflation. Specifically, it compares the growth rates of the Employment Cost Index (ECI), Average Hourly Earnings (AHE), and Unit Labor Costs (ULC) with the growth rate of the Consumer Price Index–All Urban Consumers (CPI-U). Where there is any ambiguity about the best choice of the peaks and troughs in the inflation cycle based on the growth rate of the CPIU, evidence from alternative coincident measures of inflation is also considered, such as the personal consumption deflator or the GDP implicit price deflator. This procedure is analogous to that used by the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) for business cycle dating, which is based on the consensus of multiple coincident indicators of economic activity. Over the 1982–2004 period, there were five periods of inflation cycle downturns, with four peaks and five troughs in the growth rate of the CPI-U that can be included in this study. The reason for only four peaks is because the initial peak in the CPI-U growth rate occurs occured at the very beginning of the study period. Of the three comparisons, only the ULC comparison includes four peaks and five troughs. The ECI and AHE growth rate series only include three peaks and four troughs in the analysis. In the case of the ECI, the first trough in the CPI-U growth rate is left
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out of the analysis because the ECI series does not start until the second quarter of 1981.5 In addition, there is one CPI-U peak that the ECI missed. In the case of the AHE growth rate series, there simply is no corresponding trough and peak for the first trough and peak in price inflation.
cator of inflation troughs. Analysts thus cannot rule out an upcoming cyclical upturn in the inflation rate just because the ECI growth rate has not yet turned up.
GROWTH RATE METHODOLOGY
The BLS Average Hourly Earnings (AHE) series (from the Current Employment Statistics (CES) program) is a popular indicator of labor costs, because it is published monthly and is generally released on the first Friday of each month as part of the employment report. Thus, the figures are usually available less than a week after the end of the relevant month. On the other hand, AHE is a narrower gauge of labor costs than is the ECI, because it measures wage rates including overtime and does not include benefit costs and payroll taxes. In addition, unlike the ECI, only the earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers are included in the AHE series—it does not include managers’ earnings.
The six-month smoothed annualized rate (SMSAR) of growth is used throughout this analysis, because it has key advantages over the more common year-over-year growth rate (YOYGR) measure. The main advantages of the YOYGR method are that it is relatively simple and straightforward, and that it automatically performs a kind of seasonal adjustment on any time series to which it is applied. However, sophisticated seasonal adjustment procedures have been available for many decades, so there is no need for indirect seasonal adjustment using the YOYGR. More importantly, the YOYGR measure is subject to the vagaries of the base effect, in which whatever happened a year earlier can substantially affect the growth rate, either positively or negatively.6 In cyclical terms, the SMSAR method has the additional advantage that it compares the latest data point to a 1-year moving average centered 6.5 months before the current month, or 2.5 quarters before the current quarter. In other words, it is focused on the percent change over a 6.5month span or over a 2.5-quarter span. This is in contrast to the YOYGR, which focuses on the percent change over a 1-year time span. Therefore, when there is a cyclical turn in an indicator, its SMSAR tends to turn up or down more quickly than the YOYGR does, without adding more statistical noise or volatility. It is therefore particularly suitable for cyclical analysis. 7
AVERAGE HOURLY EARNINGS
A cyclical analysis shows that the growth rate of the AHE series has a median lead of 3 months at inflation cycle peaks, but a median lag of 3.5 months at inflation cycle troughs. In fact, downturns in AHE growth anticipate some two-thirds of the downturns in consumer price inflation, but upturns in AHE growth actually lag upturns in CPI inflation growth three-quarters of the time. This is because AHE growth peaked before CPI-U growth in 2 of 3 cases, while AHE growth reached a trough after CPI-U growth in 3 of 4 cases. Therefore, AHE growth is a leading indicator of inflation peaks but a lagging indicator of inflation troughs. As with the ECI, an upcoming cyclical upturn in the rate of inflation cannot be ruled out just because the AHE growth rate has not turned up. UNIT LABOR COSTS
THE EMPLOYMENT COST INDEX The BLS Employment Cost Index (ECI) measures changes in the cost of labor compensation (absent the influence of employment shifts among occupations and industries), including wages, benefits, and payroll taxes. The ECI covers managers as well as production or nonsupervisory workers. A potential drawback of the ECI is that it is a quarterly series, unlike the Average Hourly Earnings (AHE) series used in this article. It generally is released almost a month after the end of the relevant quarter. A cyclical analysis shows that the growth rate of the ECI has a median lead of 5 months at inflation cycle peaks, and a median lag of 11 months at inflation cycle troughs. In fact, downturns in ECI growth anticipate two-thirds of the downturns in consumer price inflation, but upturns in ECI growth actually lag 100 percent of the upturns in CPI inflation. This is because ECI growth peaked before CPI-U growth in 2 of 3 cases, but ECI growth reached a trough after CPI-U growth in 4 of 4 cases. Therefore, ECI growth is a leading indicator of inflation peaks but a lagging indi-
Many economists prefer to examine growth in the BLS Unit Labor Costs (ULC) series as a predictor of inflation because this series, a product of the productivity and costs program, measures the cost of labor per unit of production (rather than per hour), allows analysts to determine how much the labor cost of an employer increases with each additional unit produced. The ULC measure takes into account variations in productivity growth in determining how much employer costs are rising. Like the ECI, the ULC series is published quarterly, and it generally is released about 5 weeks after the end of the relevant quarter.8 A cyclical analysis shows that ULC growth has a median lead of 5 months at inflation cycle peaks, but a median lag of 2 months at inflation cycle troughs. In fact, downturns in ULC growth anticipate about half of the downturns in consumer price inflation, but upturns in ULC growth actually lag upturns in CPI inflation 80 percent of the time. This is because ULC growth peaked before CPI-U growth in one-half of cases, but ULC growth reached a trough after CPI-U growth in 4 of 5 cases. Therefore, ULC growth
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LABOR COSTS AND INFLATION
often is a leading indicator of inflation peaks, but it is a lagging indicator of inflation troughs. Regardless of its conceptual advantages, then, the ULC series, like the ECI and AHE series, cannot be relied upon as an accurate predictor of cyclical upturns in inflation.
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2According to data from the BLS multifactor productivity (MFP) program, for example, the labor share in costs for the private business sector (excluding government enterprises) averaged 67 percent over the 20-year period from 1982 to 2001. For more information on this series, see “Private Business and Private Nonfarm Business MFP Tables,” on the Multifactor Productivity Trends page of the BLS Web site at .
CYCLICAL ASYMMETRY OF LEADS 3Gerhard Bry and Charlotte Boschan, Cyclical Analysis of Time Series: Selected
No matter what standard econometric models might suggest, the empirical cyclical evidence indicates that labor cost inflation is not a consistent predictor of cyclical upturns in inflation. In fact, a fair amount of asymmetry exists in the cyclical behavior of the growth rates of the ECI, AHE, and ULC when compared with inflation cycles. All three series lead consumer price inflation at peaks, and lag it at troughs.
Procedures and Computer Programs (New York, National Bureau of Economic Research, 1971). 4Dimitra Visviki, “Growth and Inflation: Insights into a Troubled Relationship,” presented at the Eastern Economic Association Annual Conference, New York City, March 4-6, 2005. 5The growth rate methodology used in this study requires a year of data prior to the year being considered; hence, because 1982 is the first full year for which ECI data
Specifically, the three labor cost measures lead about half to two-thirds of the cyclical downturns in general inflation, and their median lead varies between 3 and 5 months. In other words, labor cost inflation is a somewhat inconsistent leading indicator of downturns in the general rate of inflation. Moreover, the three measures lag between 75 percent and 100 percent of the cyclical upturns in general inflation, and their median lag varies between 2 and 11 months. Therefore, labor cost inflation is a fairly consistent lagging indicator of upturns in general inflation.
are available, the ECI portion of the analysis begins in 1983. 6 This is why analysts so frequently talk about favorable and unfavorable comparisons when interpreting the YOYGR, because idiosyncrasies in the data from a year earlier can distort the YOYGR measure of growth. This is a moot issue with the SMSAR, which is based on a comparison of the latest month’s data to the average over the previous year, which smooths out the idiosyncratic month-to-month fluctuations. 7For more information on the SMSAR method’s advantages in cyclical analysis, see Anirvan Banerji, “The Three Ps: Simple Tools for Monitoring Economic Cycles,”
These comparisons suggest that labor cost inflation is not a consistent predictor of cyclical upswings and downswings in general consumer price inflation. As a result, analysts should use caution when interpreting cyclical swings in labor costs growth rates–as recent history shows, price inflation may enter a cyclical upturn before labor cost inflation does. ENDNOTES 1Anirvan Banerji is the Director of Research with the Economic Cycle Research Institute.
Business Economics, October 1999, pp. 72-76. 8Although both the Employment Cost Index (ECI) and the Unit Labor Costs (ULC) series are published quarterly, the ULC series generally is published 5 to 7 days later than the ECI.
ARTICLE 3 HOW BLS MEASURES PRICE CHANGE FOR MOTOR FUELS IN THE CONSUMER PRICE INDEX This article is relevant to current analyses of the volatile oil price situation and appeared in July 2005 on the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Web site at <www.bls.gov/cpi/cpigasfac.htm>. Data on CPI indexes for motor fuel appear in Part 7 of this Handbook. INTRODUCTION The motor fuel index, a component of the private transportation index, is included in the transportation group of the Consumer Price Index (CPI). Together with the index for household fuels, it makes up the special energy index. The motor fuel index is published on a monthly basis for all areas that provide data for the CPI. RELATIVE IMPORTANCE The individual items, which make up the motor fuel index, together with their relative importance values within the U.S. city average of the CPI for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U), as of December 2004 are as follows:
collected are classified as a per-gallon pricing unit. Prices include both excise and sales taxes. The monthly price change in the motor fuel index is determined by the price changes reported for selected items in the selected outlets. The current CPI outlet sample for all grades of gasoline is approximately 630 outlets. CPI field staff must first determine the type of motor fuel priced by observing the motor fuel pump at the outlet. The following are characteristics that need to be identified: • • • • •
TABLE 1: RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF SELECTED TRANSPORTATION COMPONENTS OF THE CPI FOR ALL URBAN CONSUMERS (CPI-U): U.S. CITY AVERAGE, DECEMBER 2004 Item
Relative importance
Motor fuel
3.969
Gasoline
3.934
Other motor fuels
0.035
NOTES ON ADJUSTMENTS
• •
SUBSTITUTION
AND
QUALITY
Since motor fuels are generally always available, there are very few item substitutions due to lack of item availability. Additionally, octane level changes, within a specified range, and outlet or brand name changes are situations where there would be no need for item substitutions. A scenario that would precipitate the need for an item substitution would be a change in the level of service (full service versus self-service) available at the outlet.
The gasoline (all types) index, which carries the majority in the weight of the motor fuel index, is composed of three types of grades of gasoline: •
Type of service – self-service or full service Payment type – cash, credit card, debit card, etc. Brand name – the specific name of gasoline company Pricing unit – usually per gallon Octane rating – as specified on pump (usually between 85 and 93)
There are no explicit quality adjustments made for changes in fuel or service quality. Adjustments are not made for switches in gasoline content due to mandated air quality requirements.1
Unleaded regular gasoline—gasoline with an octane rating greater than or equal to 85 and less than 88; Midgrade gasoline—gasoline with an octane rating greater than or equal to 88 and less than or equal to 90; Premium gasoline—gasoline with an octane rating greater than 90.
TABLE 2: DISTRIBUTION OF OBSERVATIONS
High altitude areas of the country may have gasoline octane ratings that are different than the ranges given above. The other motor fuels index is composed of automotive diesel fuel and alternative automotive fuels.
Item
Number of Observations
Gasoline (all types)
1892
Other motor fuels
238
SELECTION AND IDENTIFYING CHARACTERISTICS TO BE PRICED
OTHER SOURCES OF INFORMATION ON MOTOR FUEL PRICE CHANGES
Information from the Telephone Point-of-Purchase Survey (TPOPS) is used to select the outlets surveyed for the motor fuel index. Prices are collected for every grade of gasoline available at each selected outlet. The prices
Although the CPI for motor fuel is reported monthly, there are numerous government agencies and independent associations that report motor fuel data using different time periods. In addition, sampling techniques and sam-
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pling methodology differ for the various groups reporting data. Three of the better-known agencies reporting motor gasoline prices are:
price data daily. Price data are derived from credit card transactions at over 60,000 gasoline stations throughout the country.
Energy Information Administration (EIA)—a division of the U.S. Department of Energy which publishes retail gasoline prices weekly for all three grades of gasoline from a sample of approximately 800 retail gasoline outlets. The prices collected represent self-service, except in areas having only full service. The sampling methodology used by EIA is as follows: “The sample for the Motor Gasoline Price Survey was drawn from a frame of approximately 115,000 retail gasoline outlets. The gasoline outlet frame was constructed by combining information purchased from a private commercial source with information contained on existing EIA petroleum product frames and surveys. Outlet names and zip codes were obtained from the private commercial data source. Additional information was obtained directly from companies selling retail gasoline to supplement information on the frame. The individual frame outlets were mapped to counties using their zip codes. The outlets were then assigned to the published geographic areas as defined by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) program area, or for conventional gasoline areas, as defined by the Census Bureau’s Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SMSA) by using their county assignment.” 2
Lundberg Survey—an independent market research company offering local and national coverage of fuel prices and fuel taxes. Retail prices of gasoline and diesel fuel are gathered twice monthly in 68 markets, in all 50 states and Washington, D.C. Data are also gathered on special request in other areas and frequencies. Although these other sources may appear to show different fuel price movements than the CPI, these apparent differences are due to timing. For example, the EIA data are released each week and correspond to prices on a particular day. The CPI motor fuels index corresponds to average prices over a calendar month. BLS research has consistently shown that when timing differences are taken into account, the CPI and EIA are extremely similar in their movements. ENDNOTES 1CPI Detailed Report, “Treatment of Mandated Pollution Control Measures in the CPI,” (September 1998). 2Energy Information Association, “Sampling Methodology,” available at
American Automobile Association (AAA)—an independent agency which publishes updated retail gasoline
(visited June 25, 2005).
SUMMARY OF SELECTED ECONOMIC INDICATORS These charts, which appear in the relevant parts of this book, show the significant changes that took place during the recovery from the recession of 2000. They are also important indicators of factors that will affect the economy in the future. While employment has recovered, manufacturing employment is still declining—though at a much slower rate than the previous three years. The costs of providing employee benefits continue to have important implications for total compensation costs, as real wages stagnate and the labor force ages. Finally, there are problems created by the rapid rise of fuel prices. Percent Distribution of Employed Civilians by Age, 1994 and 2004
Percent Change in Nonfarm Payroll Employment, 1994–2004
6.0 30.0
4.0 25.0
2.0
Percent
Percent
20.0 15.0
0.0 -2.0 -4.0
10.0
-6.0
5.0
-8.0 0.0
1994 16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
1995
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Year
Age 1994
1996
65 years and over
Total private
Manufacturing
Private service-providing
2004
Average Weekly Earnings of Production or Nonsupervisory Workers on Total Private Nonfarm Payrolls, in Current and Constant Dollars, 1994–2004
Indexes of Productivity, Business, 1994–2004 170.0 160.0
600
150.0
Index (1992=100)
500
Dollars
400
300
200
140.0 130.0 120.0 110.0 100.0
100
90.0 80.0
0 1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
1994
2004
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Year
Year Current dollars
Output per hour
Constant dollars
Output
Hours
Producer and Consumer Price Indexes, Energy Commodities, 1994–2004
Private Industry Wages, Salaries and Benefits, Percent Change, 1994–2004
175.0
8.0 150.0
6.0
125.0
5.0
100.0
Index
Percent
7.0
4.0
75.0
3.0 50.0
2.0 25.0
1.0
0.0
0.0 1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
1994
2004
Wages and salaries
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
Year
Year Benefits
Produce Price Index: Fuels and related products and power Consumer Price Index: Energy commodities
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2004
PART ONE POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS HIGHLIGHTS This part presents detailed historical information collected in the Current Population Survey (CPS), a survey of households that collects data on the employment status of the population. Basic data on labor force, employment, and unemployment are shown for various characteristics of the population such as age, sex, race, and marital status.
Percentage Increase of the Civilian Labor Force by Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin, 1994–2004 70.0 60.0
Percent
50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0
White men
White women
Black men
Black women
Hispanic men Hispanic women
Sex, race, and Hispanic origin
The rapid rise of Hispanics in the labor force continued in 2004. Although the total labor force increased only 0.6 percent from 2003 to 2004, the number of Hispanics in the labor force increased 2.4 percent. (Hispanics may be White or Black.) (Table 1-3) OTHER HIGHLIGHTS: • The share of both White men and White women in the labor force declined between 1994 and 2004. The percentage of Black men in the labor force also declined during this period, but at a slower rate. However, the share of Black women in the labor force increased from 5.7 percent to 6.0 percent over the same period. (Table 1-3) • In 1994, there were approximately 324,000 more Black women than Black men in the labor force. By 2004, nearly 1.1 million more Black women than Black men were in the labor force. (Table 1-3) • The labor force participation rate declined for both men and women in 2004. Women’s participation has dropped every year since 2000. For men, it has been gradually declining since the 1970s. Education is one reason for the decline; as people stay in school longer, they delay their entry into the labor force. Among women, the increasing number of entrants into the labor force typically compensated for that. However, even that trend seems to have slowed recently. (Table 1-8) • A decline in the labor force participation rate can also be associated with a downturn in the economy and with discouraged workers leaving the labor force. However, the recovery of 2004 has not yet been reflected in increased labor force participation. The total participation rate declined to 66 percent in 2004, down from 67.1 percent in 2000. (Table 1-1) • In 2004, the Midwest had the highest labor force participation rate (68.4 percent, which was 2.4 points above the national average). The West followed with a 66.6 percent participation rate, the Northeast was next at 64.9 percent, and the South was last with a 64.7 percent labor force participation rate. (Table 1-5) 3
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HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
NOTES AND DEFINITIONS CURRENT POPULATION SURVEY OF HOUSEHOLDS Collection and Coverage The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) uses data from the Current Population Survey (CPS) to compile statistics on the employment status of the population and related data. The Census Bureau—using a scientifically selected sample of the civilian noninstitutional population—conducts the CPS, a monthly survey of households, for the BLS. The CPS sample has been increased from 50,000 to 60,000 households. The new sample was introduced beginning September 2, 2000. However, in order to evaluate the impact of the change, the estimates of the national labor force from the additional sample were not introduced at that time. Since the estimates from the two samples were virtually the same, BLS began incorporating the additional sample into official national estimates in July 2001. Respondents are interviewed to obtain information about the employment status of each household member 16 years of age and over. The inquiry relates to the household member’s status during the calendar week, Sunday through Saturday, that includes the 12th day of the month. This is known as the “reference week.” Actual field interviewing is conducted during the following week, referred to as the “survey week.” Part of the sample is changed each month. The rotation plan provides for three-fourths of the sample to be common from one month to the next, and one-half to be common with the same month a year earlier. Concepts and Definitions The concepts and definitions underlying labor force data have been modified—but not substantially altered—since the inception of the survey in 1940. Current definitions of some of the major concepts used in the CPS are given below. The civilian noninstitutional population includes persons 16 years of age and older residing in the 50 states and the District of Columbia who are not inmates of institutions (such as penal and mental facilities and homes for the aged), and who are not on active duty in the armed forces. Employed persons are all persons who, during the reference week, (1) did any work at all (at least one hour) as paid employees; worked in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or who worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers in an enterprise operated by a member of the family; and (2) all those who were not working but who had jobs or businesses from which they were temporarily absent due to vacation, illness, bad weather, child
care problems, maternity or paternity leave, labor-management disputes, job training, or other family or personal reasons, despite whether they were paid for the time off or were seeking other jobs. Each employed person is counted only once, even if he or she holds more than one job. For purposes of occupation and industry classification, multiple jobholders are counted as being in the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours during the reference week. Included in the total are employed citizens of foreign countries who are temporarily in the United States but not living on the premises of an embassy. Excluded are persons whose only activity consisted of work around their own house (painting, repairing, or own home housework) or volunteer work for religious, charitable, and other organizations. Unemployed persons are all persons who had no employment during the reference week, but who were available for work (except for temporary illness), and who had made specific efforts to find employment some time during the four-week period ending with the reference week. Persons who were waiting to be recalled to a job from which they had been laid off need not have been looking for work to be classified as unemployed. Duration of unemployment represents the length of time (through the current reference week) that persons classified as unemployed had been looking for work. For persons on layoff, duration of unemployment represents the number of full weeks they had been on layoff. Mean duration is the arithmetic average computed from single weeks of unemployment; median duration is the midpoint of a distribution of weeks of unemployment. Reasons for unemployment are divided into four major groups: (1) Job losers, defined as (a) persons on temporary layoff, who have been given a date to return to work or who expect to return within six months (persons on layoff need not be looking for work to be classified as unemployed); (b) permanent job losers, whose employment ended involuntarily and who began looking for work; and (c) persons who completed a temporary job, and who began looking for work after the job ended; (2) Job leavers, defined as persons who quit or otherwise terminated their employment voluntarily and immediately began looking for work; (3) Reentrants, defined as persons who previously worked but were out of the labor force prior to beginning their job search; and (4) New entrants, defined as persons who had never worked but were searching for work. The civilian labor force comprises all civilians classified as employed or unemployed.
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
5
The unemployment rate is the number of unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force.
calculated using the concepts of the full- and part-time labor force.
The participation rate represents the proportion of the civilian noninstitutional population currently in the labor force.
Occupation, industry, and class of worker for the employed is determined by the job held in the reference week. Persons with two or more jobs are classified as being in the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours. The unemployed are classified according to their last job. Beginning in 2003, the occupational and industrial classifications of CPS data are based on the 2002 Census Bureau occupational and industrial classification systems, which are derived from the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system and the 2002 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). (See the following section on historical comparability for a discussion of previous classification systems used in the CPS.) The class-of-worker breakdown assigns workers to the following categories: private and government wage and salary workers, self-employed workers, and unpaid family workers. Wage and salary workers receive wages, salaries, commissions, tips, or pay in kind from a private employer or from a government unit. Self-employed persons are those who work for profit or fees in their own business, profession, trade, or farm. Only the unincorporated selfemployed are included in the self-employed category in the class-of-worker typology. Self-employed persons who respond that their businesses are incorporated are included among wage and salary workers, because they are technically paid employees of a corporation. Unpaid family workers are persons working without pay for 15 hours a week or more on a farm or in a business operated by a member of the household to whom they are related by birth or marriage.
The employment to population ratio represents the proportion of the population that is employed. Persons not in the labor force are all persons in the civilian noninstitutional population who are neither employed nor unemployed. Information is collected about their desire for and availability to take a job at the time of the CPS interview, job search activity in the prior year, and reason for not looking for work in the four-week period ending with the reference week. Persons not in the labor force who want and are available for a job and who have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months (or since the end of their last job if they held one within the past 12 months), but who are not currently looking, are designated as “marginally attached to the labor force.” The marginally attached are divided into those not currently looking because they believe their search would be futile—socalled discouraged workers—and those not currently looking for other reasons such as family responsibilities, ill health, or lack of transportation. Discouraged workers are defined as persons not in the labor force who want and are available for a job and who have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months (or since the end of their last job if they held one within the past 12 months), but are not currently looking, because they believe there are no jobs available or there are none for which they would qualify. The reasons for not currently looking for work are that the individual believes that no work is available in his or her line of work or area; he or she could not find any work; he or she lacks necessary schooling, training, skills, or experience; employers would think he or she is too young or too old; or he or she would encounter hiring discrimination. Usual full- or part-time status refers to hours usually worked per week. Full-time workers are those who usually work 35 hours or more. This group includes some individuals who worked less than 35 hours during the reference week for either economic or noneconomic reasons. Part-time workers are those who usually work less than 35 hours per week (at all jobs), regardless of the number of hours worked during the reference week. These concepts are used to differentiate a person’s normal schedule from their specific activity during the reference week. Unemployed persons who are looking for full-time work or are on layoff from full-time jobs are counted as part of the full-time labor force; unemployed persons who are seeking or who are on layoff from part-time jobs are counted as part of the part-time labor force. Unemployment rates for full- and part-time workers are
Multiple jobholders are employed persons who, during the reference week, had two or more jobs as a wage and salary worker, were self-employed and also held a wage and salary job, or worked as an unpaid family worker and also held a wage and salary job. A person employed only in private households (cleaner, gardener, babysitter, etc.) who worked for two or more employers during the reference week is not counted as a multiple jobholder, since working for several employers is considered an inherent characteristic of private household work. Also excluded are self-employed persons with multiple businesses and persons with multiple jobs as unpaid family workers. At work part-time for economic reasons, sometimes referred to as involuntary part-time, describes individuals who gave an economic reason for working 1 to 34 hours during the reference week. Economic reasons include slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, and seasonal declines in demand. Those who usually work part-time must also indicate that they want and are available to work full-time to be classified as part-time for economic reasons. At work part-time for noneconomic reasons refers to persons who usually work part-time and were at work 1 to 34
6
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
hours during the reference week for a noneconomic reason. Noneconomic reasons include illness or other medical limitations; child care problems or other family or personal obligations; school or training; retirement or Social Security limits on earnings; and being in a job where fulltime work is less than 35 hours. The group also includes those who gave an economic reason for usually working 1 to 34 hours but said they do not want to work full-time or were unavailable for such work. White, Black, and Asian are terms used to describe the race of persons. Persons in these categories are those who selected that race only. Persons in the remaining race categories—American Indian or Alaskan Native, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, and persons who selected more than one race category—are included in the estimates of total employment and unemployment but are not shown separately because the number of survey respondents is too small to develop estimates of sufficient quality for monthly publication. In the enumeration process, the household respondent determines race. Hispanic origin refers to persons who identified themselves in the enumeration process as being Spanish, Hispanic, or Latino. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Single, never married; married, spouse present; and other marital status are the terms used to define the marital status of individuals at the time of interview. Married, spouse present, applies to husband and wife if both were living in the same household, even though one may be temporarily absent on business, vacation, on a visit, in a hospital, etc. Other marital status applies to persons who are married, spouse absent; widowed; or divorced. Married, spouse absent, relates to persons who are separated due to marital problems, as well as husbands and wives who are living apart because one or the other was employed elsewhere, on duty with the armed forces, or any other reasons. A household consists of all persons—related family members and all unrelated persons—who occupy a housing unit and have no other usual address. A house, an apartment, a group of rooms, or a single room is regarded as a housing unit when occupied or intended for occupancy as separate living quarters. A householder is the person (or one of the persons) in whose name the housing unit is owned or rented. The term is not applied to either husbands or wives in married-couple families but only to persons in families maintained by either men or women without a spouse. Family is defined as a group of two or more persons residing together who are related by birth, marriage, or adoption. All such persons are considered as members of one family. Families are classified as either married-couple families or families maintained by women or men without spouses. A family maintained by a woman or a man is one
in which the householder is single; widowed; divorced; or married, spouse absent. The annual CPS data on the employment characteristics of families and family members begin with data for 1995. These data are not strictly comparable with family data derived from the March CPS. The annual data are derived by averaging the data for each month of the year, whereas the March data refer to that particular month. The annual average data provide a larger sample size, while the March family data provide a longer historical series. Additional Concepts and Definitions: CPS Supplements In addition to the above concepts and definitions, the definitions below apply to the special labor force data collected annually in the March supplement to the monthly CPS and to the data on tenure usually collected in the February supplement. Persons with work experience are civilians who worked at any time during the preceding calendar year at full- or part-time jobs for pay or profit (including paid vacations and sick leave) or who worked without pay on a farm or in a business that was family operated. From 1989 forward, these supplementary tables also include members of the armed forces within the United States. Tenure refers to length of time a worker has been continuously employed by his or her current employer. The data were collected through a supplement to the CPS. All employed persons were asked how long he or she has been working continuously for their present employer and, if the length of time was one or two years, the exact number of months. The follow-up question was asked for the first time in the 1998 February supplement. Prior to 1983, the question was asked differently. Data prior to 1983 thus are not strictly comparable to data for subsequent years. Year-round full-time workers are workers who worked primarily at full-time jobs for 50 weeks or more during the preceding calendar year. Part-year workers worked either full- or part-time for 1 to 49 weeks. Spell of unemployment is a continuous period of unemployment of at least one week’s duration. A spell is terminated by either employment or withdrawal from the labor force. Extent of unemployment refers to the number and proportion of the labor force that were unemployed at some time during the year. The number of weeks unemployed is the total number of weeks accumulated during the entire year. Children refer to “own” children of the husband, wife, or person maintaining the family, including sons and daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children. Excluded are
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
other related children, such as grandchildren, nieces, nephews, cousins, and unrelated children. Earnings are all money income of $1 or more from wages and salaries and net money income of $1 or more from farm and nonfarm self-employment. Educational attainment refers to years of school completed in regular schools, which include graded public, private, and parochial elementary and high schools, whether day or night school; and also colleges, universities, and professional schools. Minimum wages refers to the prevailing federal minimum wage, which was $5.15 per hour in 2004. Data are for wage and salary workers who are paid hourly rates. They refer to a person’s earnings at their sole or principal job. Absences are defined as instances when persons who usually work 35 or more hours a week worked less than that during the reference period for reasons of illness or family obligations. Excluded are situations in which work was missed for vacation, holidays, or other non-illness or family reasons. The estimates are based on one-fourth of the sample only. Historical Comparability While current survey concepts and methods are very similar to those introduced at the inception of the survey in 1940, a number of changes have been made over the years to improve the accuracy and usefulness of the data. Only the latest changes are described here. Major changes to the CPS were introduced in 1994, such as a complete redesign of the questionnaire and the use of computer-assisted interviewing for the entire survey. In addition, there were revisions to some of the labor force concepts and definitions, including the implementation of changes recommended in 1979 by the National Commission on Employment and Unemployment Statistics (NCEUS, also known as the Levitan Commission). Some of the major changes to the survey were: 1) The introduction of a redesigned and automated questionnaire. The CPS questionnaire was totally redesigned in order to obtain more accurate, comprehensive, and relevant information, and to take advantage of state-of-the-art computer interviewing techniques. 2) The addition of two criteria to make the definition of discouraged workers more objective. Beginning in 1994, persons classified as discouraged must have looked for a job within the past year (or since their last job, if they worked during the year), and must have been available for work during the reference week (a direct question on availability was added in 1994). These changes were made because the NCEUS and others felt that the previous def-
7
inition of discouraged workers was too subjective, relying mainly on an individual’s stated desire for a job and not on prior testing of the labor market. 3) Similarly, the identification of persons employed parttime for economic reasons (working less than 35 hours in the reference week because of poor business conditions or because of an inability to find full-time work) was tightened by adding two new criteria for persons who usually work part-time: they must want and be available for fulltime work. (Persons who usually work full-time but worked part-time for economic reasons during the reference week are assumed to meet these criteria.) 4) Specific questions were added about the expectation of recall for persons who indicate that they are on layoff. To be classified as “on temporary layoff,” persons must expect to be recalled to their jobs. 5) Persons volunteering that they were waiting to start a new job within 30 days must have looked for work in the four weeks prior to the survey in order to be classified as unemployed. Comparability of Labor Force Levels In addition to the refinements in concepts, definitions, and methodology made over the years, other changes—made to improve the accuracy of the estimates—have also affected the comparability of the labor force data. The most important of these is the adjustment of the population totals as a result of new information from the decennial censuses. It is also crucial to correct for estimating errors during the intercensal years. Those changes affecting the most recent decade are described below. Beginning in January 1997, updated information on the demographic characteristics of immigrants and emigrants was introduced. This raised the overall population by about 470,000, the labor force by 320,000, and employment by 290,000, with similar upward adjustments for Hispanics. Unemployment and other percentage rates were not affected. Beginning in January 1998, new estimating procedures were introduced, which reduced the labor force by about 229,000 and employment by 256,000. However, these new procedures raised unemployment by 27,000. New information about immigration and emigration was also incorporated, which increased the Hispanic population by about 57,000. Unemployment rates were not significantly affected. Beginning in January 1999, new information on immigration raised the population by about 310,000, with differing impacts on different demographic groups. The population of men was lowered by about 185,000, but the population of women was raised by 490,000. The Hispanic population was lowered by about 165,000, while the rest of the popu-
8
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
lation was raised by about 470,000. Hispanic labor force and employment estimates were each reduced by over 200,000. The impact on unemployment rates and other percentages was small. Beginning in January 2003, several other changes were introduced into the CPS. These changes included: 1) Population controls that reflected the results of Census 2000 were introduced into the monthly CPS estimation process. These new population size controls substantially increased the size of the civilian noninstitutional population and the civilian labor force. Data from January 2000 through December 2002 were revised to reflect the higher population estimates from Census 2000 and the higher rates of population growth since the census. The entire amount of this adjustment was added to the labor force data in January 2003, resulting in increases of 941,000 to the civilian noninstitutional population and 615,000 to the civilian labor force. The unemployment rate and other ratios were not substantially affected by either of these population control adjustments. 2) Questions on race and Hispanic origin were modified to comply with the new standards for maintaining, collecting, and presenting federal data on race and ethnicity for federal statistical agencies. The questions were reworded to indicate that individuals could select more than once race category and to convey more clearly that individuals should report their own perception of what race is. These changes had no impact on the overall civilian noninstitutional population and civilian labor force. However, they did reduce the population and labor force levels of Whites, Blacks, and Asians, beginning in January 2003. Changes in the Occupational and Industrial Classification System Beginning in January 1983, the occupational and industrial classification systems used in the 1980 census were introduced into the CPS. The 1980 census occupational classification system was so radically different in concepts and nomenclature from the 1970 system that comparisons of historical data are not possible without major adjustments.
The industrial classification system used in the 1980 census was based on the 1972 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system, as modified in 1977. The adoption of the new industrial system had much less of an adverse effect on historical comparability than did the new occupational system. Beginning in January 1992, the occupational and industrial classification systems used in the 1990 census were introduced into the CPS. There were a few breaks in comparability between the 1980 and 1990 census-based systems, particularly within the “technical, sales, and administrative support” categories. The most notable changes in industry classification were the shift of several industries from “business services” to “professional services” and the splitting of some industries into smaller, more detailed categories. Beginning in January 2003, the 2002 Census Bureau occupational and industrial classification system were introduced into the CPS and re-estimated for 2000 and 2001. These systems were derived from the 2000 SOC and the 2002 NAICS, which were described in the third and sixth editions of this Handbook, respectively. The composition of detailed occupational and industrial classification in the new systems was substantially changes from the previous systems in use as was the structure for aggregating them into broad groups. Consequently, the use of the new data classification systems created breaks in existing data series at all levels of aggregation beginning with the year 2000. Sources of Additional Information A complete description of sampling and estimation procedures and further information on the impact of historical changes in the survey can be found in Employment and Earnings, February 2003 and February 2004, and the updated Chapter 1 of the BLS Handbook of Methods, April 17, 2003, available on line at the BLS Web site. Technical papers, which describe revisions and adjustments, are also available on the BLS Web site.
9
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-1. Employment Status of the Civilian Noninstitutional Population, 1947–2004 (Thousands of people, percent.) Civilian labor force Year
Civilian noninstitutional population
Employed Total
Participation rate
Total
Percent of population
Unemployed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Number
Not in labor force
Unemployment rate
1947 ................................. 1948 ................................. 1949 .................................
101 827 103 068 103 994
59 350 60 621 61 286
58.3 58.8 58.9
57 038 58 343 57 651
56.0 56.6 55.4
7 890 7 629 7 658
49 148 50 714 49 993
2 311 2 276 3 637
3.9 3.8 5.9
42 477 42 447 42 708
1950 ................................. 1951 ................................. 1952 ................................. 1953 1 .............................. 1954 .................................
104 995 104 621 105 231 107 056 108 321
62 208 62 017 62 138 63 015 63 643
59.2 59.2 59.0 58.9 58.8
58 918 59 961 60 250 61 179 60 109
56.1 57.3 57.3 57.1 55.5
7 160 6 726 6 500 6 260 6 205
51 758 53 235 53 749 54 919 53 904
3 288 2 055 1 883 1 834 3 532
5.3 3.3 3.0 2.9 5.5
42 787 42 604 43 093 44 041 44 678
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
................................. ................................. ................................. ................................. .................................
109 683 110 954 112 265 113 727 115 329
65 023 66 552 66 929 67 639 68 369
59.3 60.0 59.6 59.5 59.3
62 170 63 799 64 071 63 036 64 630
56.7 57.5 57.1 55.4 56.0
6 450 6 283 5 947 5 586 5 565
55 722 57 514 58 123 57 450 59 065
2 852 2 750 2 859 4 602 3 740
4.4 4.1 4.3 6.8 5.5
44 660 44 402 45 336 46 088 46 960
1960 1 .............................. 1961 ................................. 1962 1 .............................. 1963 ................................. 1964 .................................
117 245 118 771 120 153 122 416 124 485
69 628 70 459 70 614 71 833 73 091
59.4 59.3 58.8 58.7 58.7
65 778 65 746 66 702 67 762 69 305
56.1 55.4 55.5 55.4 55.7
5 458 5 200 4 944 4 687 4 523
60 318 60 546 61 759 63 076 64 782
3 852 4 714 3 911 4 070 3 786
5.5 6.7 5.5 5.7 5.2
47 617 48 312 49 539 50 583 51 394
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
................................. ................................. ................................. ................................. .................................
126 513 128 058 129 874 132 028 134 335
74 455 75 770 77 347 78 737 80 734
58.9 59.2 59.6 59.6 60.1
71 088 72 895 74 372 75 920 77 902
56.2 56.9 57.3 57.5 58.0
4 361 3 979 3 844 3 817 3 606
66 726 68 915 70 527 72 103 74 296
3 366 2 875 2 975 2 817 2 832
4.5 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.5
52 058 52 288 52 527 53 291 53 602
1970 ................................. 1971 ................................. 1972 1 .............................. 1973 1 .............................. 1974 .................................
137 085 140 216 144 126 147 096 150 120
82 771 84 382 87 034 89 429 91 949
60.4 60.2 60.4 60.8 61.3
78 678 79 367 82 153 85 064 86 794
57.4 56.6 57.0 57.8 57.8
3 463 3 394 3 484 3 470 3 515
75 215 75 972 78 669 81 594 83 279
4 093 5 016 4 882 4 365 5 156
4.9 5.9 5.6 4.9 5.6
54 315 55 834 57 091 57 667 58 171
1975 ................................. 1976 ................................. 1977 ................................. 1978 1 .............................. 1979 .................................
153 153 156 150 159 033 161 910 164 863
93 774 96 158 99 008 102 250 104 962
61.2 61.6 62.3 63.2 63.7
85 846 88 752 92 017 96 048 98 824
56.1 56.8 57.9 59.3 59.9
3 408 3 331 3 283 3 387 3 347
82 438 85 421 88 734 92 661 95 477
7 929 7 406 6 991 6 202 6 137
8.5 7.7 7.1 6.1 5.8
59 377 59 991 60 025 59 659 59 900
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
................................. ................................. ................................. ................................. .................................
167 745 170 130 172 271 174 215 176 383
106 940 108 670 110 204 111 550 113 544
63.8 63.9 64.0 64.0 64.4
99 302 100 397 99 526 100 834 105 005
59.2 59.0 57.8 57.9 59.5
3 364 3 368 3 401 3 383 3 321
95 938 97 030 96 125 97 450 101 685
7 637 8 273 10 678 10 717 8 539
7.1 7.6 9.7 9.6 7.5
60 806 61 460 62 067 62 665 62 839
1985 ................................. 1986 1 .............................. 1987 ................................. 1988 ................................. 1989 .................................
178 206 180 587 182 753 184 613 186 393
115 461 117 834 119 865 121 669 123 869
64.8 65.3 65.6 65.9 66.5
107 150 109 597 112 440 114 968 117 342
60.1 60.7 61.5 62.3 63.0
3 179 3 163 3 208 3 169 3 199
103 971 106 434 109 232 111 800 114 142
8 312 8 237 7 425 6 701 6 528
7.2 7.0 6.2 5.5 5.3
62 744 62 752 62 888 62 944 62 523
1990 1 .............................. 1991 ................................. 1992 ................................. 1993 ................................. 1994 1 ..............................
189 164 190 925 192 805 194 838 196 814
125 840 126 346 128 105 129 200 131 056
66.5 66.2 66.4 66.3 66.6
118 793 117 718 118 492 120 259 123 060
62.8 61.7 61.5 61.7 62.5
3 223 3 269 3 247 3 115 3 409
115 570 114 449 115 245 117 144 119 651
7 047 8 628 9 613 8 940 7 996
5.6 6.8 7.5 6.9 6.1
63 324 64 578 64 700 65 638 65 758
1995 ................................. 1996 ................................. 1997 1 .............................. 1998 1 .............................. 1999 1 ..............................
198 584 200 591 203 133 205 220 207 753
132 304 133 943 136 297 137 673 139 368
66.6 66.8 67.1 67.1 67.1
124 900 126 708 129 558 131 463 133 488
62.9 63.2 63.8 64.1 64.3
3 440 3 443 3 399 3 378 3 281
121 460 123 264 126 159 128 085 130 207
7 404 7 236 6 739 6 210 5 880
5.6 5.4 4.9 4.5 4.2
66 280 66 647 66 836 67 547 68 385
2000 1 .............................. 2001 ................................. 2002 ................................. 2003 1 .............................. 2004 1 ..............................
212 577 215 092 217 570 221 168 223 357
142 583 143 734 144 863 146 510 147 401
67.1 66.8 66.6 66.2 66.0
136 891 136 933 136 485 137 736 139 252
64.4 63.7 62.7 62.3 62.3
2 464 2 299 2 311 2 275 2 232
134 427 134 635 134 174 135 461 137 020
5 692 6 801 8 378 8 774 8 149
4.0 4.7 5.8 6.0 5.5
69 994 71 359 72 707 74 658 75 956
1Not
strictly comparable with data for prior years. See "Notes and Definitions" for information on historical comparability.
10
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-2. Employment Status of the Civilian Noninstitutional Population by Sex, 1970–2004 (Thousands of people, percent.) Civilian labor force Year
Civilian noninstitutional population
Employed Total
Participation rate
Total
Percent of population
Unemployed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Number
Not in labor force
Unemployment rate
Men 1970 ........................................... 1971 ........................................... 1972 1 ......................................... 1973 1 ......................................... 1974 ...........................................
64 304 65 942 67 835 69 292 70 808
51 228 52 180 53 555 54 624 55 739
79.7 79.1 78.9 78.8 78.7
48 990 49 390 50 896 52 349 53 024
76.2 74.9 75.0 75.5 74.9
2 862 2 795 2 849 2 847 2 919
46 128 46 595 48 047 49 502 50 105
2 238 2 789 2 659 2 275 2 714
4.4 5.3 5.0 4.2 4.9
13 076 13 762 14 280 14 667 15 069
1975 ........................................... 1976 ........................................... 1977 ........................................... 1978 1 ......................................... 1979 ...........................................
72 291 73 759 75 193 76 576 78 020
56 299 57 174 58 396 59 620 60 726
77.9 77.5 77.7 77.9 77.8
51 857 53 138 54 728 56 479 57 607
71.7 72.0 72.8 73.8 73.8
2 824 2 744 2 671 2 718 2 686
49 032 50 394 52 057 53 761 54 921
4 442 4 036 3 667 3 142 3 120
7.9 7.1 6.3 5.3 5.1
15 993 16 585 16 797 16 956 17 293
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
........................................... ........................................... ........................................... ........................................... ...........................................
79 398 80 511 81 523 82 531 83 605
61 453 61 974 62 450 63 047 63 835
77.4 77.0 76.6 76.4 76.4
57 186 57 397 56 271 56 787 59 091
72.0 71.3 69.0 68.8 70.7
2 709 2 700 2 736 2 704 2 668
54 477 54 697 53 534 54 083 56 423
4 267 4 577 6 179 6 260 4 744
6.9 7.4 9.9 9.9 7.4
17 945 18 537 19 073 19 484 19 771
1985 ........................................... 1986 1 ......................................... 1987 ........................................... 1988 ........................................... 1989 ...........................................
84 469 85 798 86 899 87 857 88 762
64 411 65 422 66 207 66 927 67 840
76.3 76.3 76.2 76.2 76.4
59 891 60 892 62 107 63 273 64 315
70.9 71.0 71.5 72.0 72.5
2 535 2 511 2 543 2 493 2 513
57 356 58 381 59 564 60 780 61 802
4 521 4 530 4 101 3 655 3 525
7.0 6.9 6.2 5.5 5.2
20 058 20 376 20 692 20 930 20 923
1990 1 ......................................... 1991 ........................................... 1992 ........................................... 1993 ........................................... 1994 1 .........................................
90 377 91 278 92 270 93 332 94 354
69 011 69 168 69 964 70 404 70 817
76.4 75.8 75.8 75.4 75.1
65 104 64 223 64 440 65 349 66 450
72.0 70.4 69.8 70.0 70.4
2 546 2 589 2 575 2 478 2 554
62 559 61 634 61 866 62 871 63 896
3 906 4 946 5 523 5 055 4 367
5.7 7.2 7.9 7.2 6.2
21 367 22 110 22 306 22 927 23 538
1995 ........................................... 1996 ........................................... 1997 1 ......................................... 1998 1 ......................................... 1999 1 .........................................
95 178 96 206 97 715 98 758 99 722
71 360 72 086 73 261 73 959 74 512
75.0 74.9 75.0 74.9 74.7
67 377 68 207 69 685 70 693 71 446
70.8 70.9 71.3 71.6 71.6
2 559 2 573 2 552 2 553 2 432
64 818 65 634 67 133 68 140 69 014
3 983 3 880 3 577 3 266 3 066
5.6 5.4 4.9 4.4 4.1
23 818 24 119 24 454 24 799 25 210
2000 1 ......................................... 2001 ........................................... 2002 ........................................... 2003 1 ......................................... 2004 1 .........................................
101 964 103 282 104 585 106 435 107 710
76 280 76 886 77 500 78 238 78 980
74.8 74.4 74.1 73.5 73.3
73 305 73 196 72 903 73 332 74 524
71.9 70.9 69.7 68.9 69.2
1 861 1 708 1 724 1 695 1 687
71 444 71 488 71 179 71 636 72 838
2 975 3 690 4 597 4 906 4 456
3.9 4.8 5.9 6.3 5.6
25 684 26 396 27 085 28 197 28 730
Women 1970 ........................................... 1971 ........................................... 1972 1 ......................................... 1973 1 ......................................... 1974 ...........................................
72 782 74 274 76 290 77 804 79 312
31 543 32 202 33 479 34 804 36 211
43.3 43.4 43.9 44.7 45.7
29 688 29 976 31 257 32 715 33 769
40.8 40.4 41.0 42.0 42.6
601 599 635 622 596
29 087 29 377 30 622 32 093 33 173
1 855 2 227 2 222 2 089 2 441
5.9 6.9 6.6 6.0 6.7
41 239 42 072 42 811 43 000 43 101
1975 ........................................... 1976 ........................................... 1977 ........................................... 1978 1 ......................................... 1979 ...........................................
80 860 82 390 83 840 85 334 86 843
37 475 38 983 40 613 42 631 44 235
46.3 47.3 48.4 50.0 50.9
33 989 35 615 37 289 39 569 41 217
42.0 43.2 44.5 46.4 47.5
584 588 612 669 661
33 404 35 027 36 677 38 900 40 556
3 486 3 369 3 324 3 061 3 018
9.3 8.6 8.2 7.2 6.8
43 386 43 406 43 227 42 703 42 608
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
........................................... ........................................... ........................................... ........................................... ...........................................
88 348 89 618 90 748 91 684 92 778
45 487 46 696 47 755 48 503 49 709
51.5 52.1 52.6 52.9 53.6
42 117 43 000 43 256 44 047 45 915
47.7 48.0 47.7 48.0 49.5
656 667 665 680 653
41 461 42 333 42 591 43 367 45 262
3 370 3 696 4 499 4 457 3 794
7.4 7.9 9.4 9.2 7.6
42 861 42 922 42 993 43 181 43 068
1985 ........................................... 1986 1 ......................................... 1987 ........................................... 1988 ........................................... 1989 ...........................................
93 736 94 789 95 853 96 756 97 630
51 050 52 413 53 658 54 742 56 030
54.5 55.3 56.0 56.6 57.4
47 259 48 706 50 334 51 696 53 027
50.4 51.4 52.5 53.4 54.3
644 652 666 676 687
46 615 48 054 49 668 51 020 52 341
3 791 3 707 3 324 3 046 3 003
7.4 7.1 6.2 5.6 5.4
42 686 42 376 42 195 42 014 41 601
1990 1 ......................................... 1991 ........................................... 1992 ........................................... 1993 ........................................... 1994 1 .........................................
98 787 99 646 100 535 101 506 102 460
56 829 57 178 58 141 58 795 60 239
57.5 57.4 57.8 57.9 58.8
53 689 53 496 54 052 54 910 56 610
54.3 53.7 53.8 54.1 55.3
678 680 672 637 855
53 011 52 815 53 380 54 273 55 755
3 140 3 683 4 090 3 885 3 629
5.5 6.4 7.0 6.6 6.0
41 957 42 468 42 394 42 711 42 221
1995 ........................................... 1996 ........................................... 1997 1 ......................................... 1998 1 ......................................... 1999 1 .........................................
103 406 104 385 105 418 106 462 108 031
60 944 61 857 63 036 63 714 64 855
58.9 59.3 59.8 59.8 60.0
57 523 58 501 59 873 60 771 62 042
55.6 56.0 56.8 57.1 57.4
881 871 847 825 849
56 642 57 630 59 026 59 945 61 193
3 421 3 356 3 162 2 944 2 814
5.6 5.4 5.0 4.6 4.3
42 462 42 528 42 382 42 748 43 175
2000 1 ......................................... 2001 ........................................... 2002 ........................................... 2003 1 ......................................... 2004 1 .........................................
110 613 111 811 112 985 114 733 115 647
66 303 66 848 67 363 68 272 68 421
59.9 59.8 59.6 59.5 59.2
63 586 63 737 63 582 64 404 64 728
57.5 57.0 56.3 56.1 56.0
602 591 587 580 546
62 983 63 147 62 995 63 824 64 182
2 717 3 111 3 781 3 868 3 694
4.1 4.7 5.6 5.7 5.4
44 310 44 962 45 621 46 461 47 225
1Not
strictly comparable with data for prior years. See "Notes and Definitions" for information on historical comparability.
11
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-3. Employment Status of the Civilian Noninstitutional Population by Sex, Race, Hispanic Origin, and Age, 1985–2004 (Thousands of people.) Employment status, sex, and age
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
Total Civilian Noninstitutional Population Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................
178 206 115 461 107 150 3 179 103 971 8 312 62 744
180 587 117 834 109 597 3 163 106 434 8 237 62 752
182 753 119 865 112 440 3 208 109 232 7 425 62 888
184 613 121 669 114 968 3 169 111 800 6 701 62 944
186 393 123 869 117 342 3 199 114 142 6 528 62 523
189 164 125 840 118 793 3 223 115 570 7 047 63 324
190 925 126 346 117 718 3 269 114 449 8 628 64 578
192 805 128 105 118 492 3 247 115 245 9 613 64 700
194 838 129 200 120 259 3 115 117 144 8 940 65 638
196 814 131 056 123 060 3 409 119 651 7 996 65 758
Men, 16 Years and Older Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................
84 469 64 411 59 891 2 535 57 356 4 521 20 058
85 798 65 422 60 892 2 511 58 381 4 530 20 376
86 899 66 207 62 107 2 543 59 564 4 101 20 692
87 857 66 927 63 273 2 493 60 780 3 655 20 930
88 762 67 840 64 315 2 513 61 802 3 525 20 923
90 377 69 011 65 104 2 546 62 559 3 906 21 367
91 278 69 168 64 223 2 589 61 634 4 946 22 110
92 270 69 964 64 440 2 575 61 866 5 523 22 306
93 332 70 404 65 349 2 478 62 871 5 055 22 927
94 355 70 817 66 450 2 554 63 896 4 367 23 538
Men, 20 Years and Older Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................
77 195 60 277 56 562 2 278 54 284 3 715 16 918
78 523 61 320 57 569 2 292 55 277 3 751 17 203
79 565 62 095 58 726 2 329 56 397 3 369 17 470
80 553 62 768 59 781 2 271 57 510 2 987 17 785
81 619 63 704 60 837 2 307 58 530 2 867 17 915
83 030 64 916 61 678 2 329 59 349 3 239 18 114
84 144 65 374 61 178 2 383 58 795 4 195 18 770
85 247 66 213 61 496 2 385 59 111 4 717 19 034
86 256 66 642 62 355 2 293 60 063 4 287 19 613
87 151 66 921 63 294 2 351 60 943 3 627 20 230
Women, 16 Years and Older Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................
93 736 51 050 47 259 644 46 615 3 791 42 686
94 789 52 413 48 706 652 48 054 3 707 42 376
95 853 53 658 50 334 666 49 668 3 324 42 195
96 756 54 742 51 696 676 51 020 3 046 42 014
97 630 56 030 53 027 687 52 341 3 003 41 601
98 787 56 829 53 689 678 53 011 3 140 41 957
99 646 57 178 53 496 680 52 815 3 683 42 468
100 535 58 141 54 052 672 53 380 4 090 42 394
101 506 58 795 54 910 637 54 273 3 885 42 711
102 460 60 239 56 610 855 55 755 3 629 42 221
Women, 20 Years and Older Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................
86 506 47 283 44 154 596 43 558 3 129 39 222
87 567 48 589 45 556 614 44 943 3 032 38 979
88 583 49 783 47 074 622 46 453 2 709 38 800
89 532 50 870 48 383 625 47 757 2 487 38 662
90 550 52 212 49 745 642 49 103 2 467 38 339
91 614 53 131 50 535 631 49 904 2 596 38 483
92 708 53 708 50 634 639 49 995 3 074 39 000
93 718 54 796 51 328 625 50 702 3 469 38 922
94 647 55 388 52 099 598 51 501 3 288 39 260
95 467 56 655 53 606 809 52 796 3 049 38 813
Both Sexes, 16 to 19 Years Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................
14 506 7 901 6 434 305 6 129 1 468 6 604
14 496 7 926 6 472 258 6 215 1 454 6 570
14 606 7 988 6 640 258 6 382 1 347 6 618
14 527 8 031 6 805 273 6 532 1 226 6 497
14 223 7 954 6 759 250 6 510 1 194 6 270
14 520 7 792 6 581 264 6 317 1 212 6 727
14 073 7 265 5 906 247 5 659 1 359 6 808
13 840 7 096 5 669 237 5 432 1 427 6 745
13 935 7 170 5 805 224 5 580 1 365 6 765
14 196 7 481 6 161 249 5 912 1 320 6 715
12
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-3. Employment Status of the Civilian Noninstitutional Population by Sex, Race, Hispanic Origin, and Age, 1985–2004—Continued (Thousands of people.) Employment status, sex, and age
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Total Civilian Noninstitutional Population Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................
198 584 132 304 124 900 3 440 121 460 7 404 66 280
200 591 133 943 126 708 3 443 123 264 7 236 66 647
203 133 136 297 129 558 3 399 126 159 6 739 66 837
205 220 137 673 131 463 3 378 128 085 6 210 67 547
207 753 139 368 133 488 3 281 130 207 5 880 68 385
212 577 142 583 136 891 2 464 134 427 5 692 69 994
215 092 143 734 136 933 2 299 134 635 6 801 71 359
217 570 144 863 136 485 2 311 134 174 8 378 72 707
221 168 146 510 137 736 2 275 135 461 8 774 74 658
223 357 147 401 139 252 2 232 137 020 8 149 75 956
Men, 16 Years and Older Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................
95 178 71 360 67 377 2 559 64 818 3 983 23 818
96 206 72 087 68 207 2 573 65 634 3 880 24 119
97 715 73 261 69 685 2 552 67 133 3 577 24 454
98 758 73 959 70 693 2 553 68 140 3 266 24 799
99 722 74 512 71 446 2 432 69 014 3 066 25 210
101 964 76 280 73 305 1 861 71 444 2 975 25 684
103 282 76 886 73 196 1 708 71 488 3 690 26 396
104 585 77 500 72 903 1 724 71 179 4 597 27 085
106 435 78 238 73 332 1 695 71 636 4 906 28 197
107 710 78 980 74 524 1 688 72 836 4 456 28 730
Men, 20 Years and Older Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................
87 811 67 324 64 085 2 335 61 750 3 239 20 487
88 606 68 044 64 897 2 356 62 541 3 146 20 563
89 879 69 166 66 284 2 356 63 927 2 882 20 713
90 790 69 715 67 135 2 350 64 785 2 580 21 075
91 555 70 194 67 761 2 244 65 517 2 433 21 362
93 875 72 010 69 634 1 756 67 878 2 376 21 864
95 181 72 816 69 776 1 613 68 163 3 040 22 365
96 439 73 630 69 734 1 629 68 104 3 896 22 809
98 272 74 623 70 415 1 614 68 801 4 209 23 649
99 476 75 364 71 572 1 596 69 976 3 791 24 113
Women, 16 Years and Older Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................
103 406 60 944 57 523 881 56 642 3 421 42 462
104 385 61 857 58 501 871 57 630 3 356 42 528
105 418 63 036 59 873 847 59 026 3 162 42 382
106 462 63 714 60 771 825 59 945 2 944 42 748
108 031 64 855 62 042 849 61 193 2 814 43 175
110 613 66 303 63 586 602 62 983 2 717 44 310
111 811 66 848 63 737 591 63 147 3 111 44 962
112 985 67 363 63 582 587 62 995 3 781 45 621
114 733 68 272 64 404 580 63 824 3 868 46 461
115 647 68 421 64 728 547 64 181 3 694 47 225
Women, 20 Years and Older Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................
96 262 57 215 54 396 830 53 566 2 819 39 047
97 050 58 094 55 311 827 54 484 2 783 38 956
97 889 59 198 56 613 798 55 815 2 585 38 691
98 786 59 702 57 278 768 56 510 2 424 39 084
100 158 60 840 58 555 803 57 752 2 285 39 318
102 790 62 301 60 067 567 59 500 2 235 40 488
103 983 63 016 60 417 558 59 860 2 599 40 967
105 136 63 648 60 420 557 59 863 3 228 41 488
106 800 64 716 61 402 550 60 852 3 314 42 083
107 658 64 923 61 773 515 61 258 3 150 42 735
Both Sexes, 16 to 19 Years Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................
14 511 7 765 6 419 275 6 144 1 346 6 746
14 934 7 806 6 500 261 6 239 1 306 7 128
15 365 7 932 6 661 244 6 417 1 271 7 433
15 644 8 256 7 051 261 6 790 1 205 7 388
16 040 8 333 7 172 234 6 938 1 162 7 706
15 912 8 271 7 189 141 7 049 1 081 7 642
15 929 7 902 6 740 128 6 611 1 162 8 027
15 994 7 585 6 332 124 6 207 1 253 8 409
16 096 7 170 5 919 111 5 808 1 251 8 926
16 222 7 114 5 907 121 5 786 1 208 9 108
13
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-3. Employment Status of the Civilian Noninstitutional Population by Sex, Race, Hispanic Origin, and Age, 1985–2004—Continued (Thousands of people.)
Employment status, sex, and age
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
Total, White1 Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................
153 679 99 926 93 736 2 936 90 799 6 191 53 753
155 432 101 801 95 660 2 958 92 703 6 140 53 631
156 958 103 290 97 789 2 986 94 803 5 501 53 669
158 194 104 756 99 812 2 965 96 846 4 944 53 349
159 338 106 355 101 584 2 996 98 588 4 770 52 983
160 625 107 447 102 261 2 998 99 263 5 186 53 178
161 759 107 743 101 182 3 026 98 157 6 560 54 061
162 972 108 837 101 669 3 018 98 650 7 169 54 135
164 289 109 700 103 045 2 895 100 150 6 655 54 589
165 555 111 082 105 190 3 162 102 027 5 892 54 473
White Men, 16 Years and Older1 Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................
73 373 56 472 53 046 2 325 50 720 3 426 16 901
74 390 57 217 53 785 2 340 51 444 3 433 17 173
75 189 57 779 54 647 2 354 52 293 3 132 17 410
75 855 58 317 55 550 2 318 53 232 2 766 17 538
76 468 58 988 56 352 2 345 54 007 2 636 17 480
77 369 59 638 56 703 2 353 54 350 2 935 17 731
77 977 59 656 55 797 2 384 53 413 3 859 18 321
78 651 60 168 55 959 2 378 53 580 4 209 18 484
79 371 60 484 56 656 2 286 54 370 3 828 18 887
80 059 60 727 57 452 2 347 55 104 3 275 19 332
White Men, 20 Years and Older1 Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................
67 386 52 895 50 061 2 085 47 976 2 834 14 490
68 413 53 675 50 818 2 131 48 687 2 857 14 738
69 175 54 232 51 649 2 150 49 499 2 584 14 942
69 887 54 734 52 466 2 104 50 362 2 268 15 153
70 654 55 441 53 292 2 149 51 143 2 149 15 213
71 457 56 116 53 685 2 148 51 537 2 431 15 340
72 274 56 387 53 103 2 192 50 912 3 284 15 887
73 040 56 976 53 357 2 197 51 160 3 620 16 064
73 721 57 284 54 021 2 114 51 907 3 263 16 436
74 311 57 411 54 676 2 151 52 525 2 735 16 900
White Women, 16 Years and Older1 Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................
80 306 43 455 40 690 611 40 079 2 765 36 852
81 042 44 584 41 876 617 41 259 2 708 36 458
81 769 45 510 43 142 632 42 509 2 369 36 258
82 340 46 439 44 262 648 43 614 2 177 35 901
82 871 47 367 45 232 651 44 581 2 135 35 504
83 256 47 809 45 558 645 44 913 2 251 35 447
83 781 48 087 45 385 641 44 744 2 701 35 695
84 321 48 669 45 710 640 45 070 2 959 35 651
84 918 49 216 46 390 609 45 780 2 827 35 702
85 496 50 356 47 738 815 46 923 2 617 35 141
White Women, 20 Years and Older1 Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................
74 394 40 190 37 907 566 37 341 2 283 34 204
75 140 41 264 39 050 580 38 471 2 213 33 876
75 845 42 164 40 242 590 39 652 1 922 33 681
76 470 43 081 41 316 599 40 717 1 766 33 389
77 154 44 105 42 346 608 41 738 1 758 33 050
77 539 44 648 42 796 598 42 198 1 852 32 891
78 285 45 111 42 862 601 42 261 2 248 33 174
78 928 45 839 43 327 594 42 733 2 512 33 089
79 490 46 311 43 910 572 43 339 2 400 33 179
79 980 47 314 45 116 772 44 344 2 197 32 666
White, Both Sexes, 16 to 19 Years1 Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................
11 900 6 841 5 768 285 5 483 1 074 5 058
11 879 6 862 5 792 247 5 545 1 070 5 017
11 939 6 893 5 898 246 5 652 995 5 045
11 838 6 940 6 030 263 5 767 910 4 897
11 530 6 809 5 946 239 5 707 863 4 721
11 630 6 683 5 779 252 5 528 903 4 947
11 200 6 245 5 216 233 4 984 1 029 4 955
11 004 6 022 4 985 228 4 757 1 037 4 982
11 078 6 105 5 113 209 4 904 992 4 973
11 264 6 357 5 398 239 5 158 960 4 907
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
14
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-3. Employment Status of the Civilian Noninstitutional Population by Sex, Race, Hispanic Origin, and Age, 1985–2004—Continued (Thousands of people.)
Employment status, sex, and age
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Total, White1 Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................
166 914 111 950 106 490 3 194 103 296 5 459 54 965
168 317 113 108 107 808 3 276 104 532 5 300 55 209
169 993 114 693 109 856 3 208 106 648 4 836 55 301
171 478 115 415 110 931 3 160 107 770 4 484 56 064
173 085 116 509 112 235 3 083 109 152 4 273 56 577
176 220 118 545 114 424 2 320 112 104 4 121 57 675
178 111 119 399 114 430 2 174 112 256 4 969 58 713
179 783 120 150 114 013 2 171 111 841 6 137 59 633
181 292 120 546 114 235 2 148 112 087 6 311 60 746
182 643 121 086 115 239 2 103 113 136 5 847 61 558
White Men, 16 Years and Older1 Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................
80 733 61 146 58 146 2 347 55 800 2 999 19 587
81 489 61 783 58 888 2 436 56 452 2 896 19 706
82 577 62 639 59 998 2 389 57 608 2 641 19 938
83 352 63 034 60 604 2 376 58 228 2 431 20 317
83 930 63 413 61 139 2 273 58 866 2 274 20 517
85 370 64 466 62 289 1 743 60 546 2 177 20 905
86 452 64 966 62 212 1 606 60 606 2 754 21 486
87 361 65 308 61 849 1 611 60 238 3 459 22 053
88 249 65 509 61 866 1 597 60 269 3 643 22 740
89 044 65 994 62 712 1 583 61 129 3 282 23 050
White Men, 20 Years and Older1 Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................
74 879 57 719 55 254 2 132 53 122 2 465 17 161
75 454 58 340 55 977 2 224 53 753 2 363 17 114
76 320 59 126 56 986 2 201 54 785 2 140 17 194
76 966 59 421 57 500 2 182 55 319 1 920 17 545
77 432 59 747 57 934 2 094 55 839 1 813 17 685
78 966 60 850 59 119 1 640 57 479 1 731 18 116
80 029 61 519 59 245 1 512 57 733 2 275 18 510
80 922 62 067 59 124 1 519 57 605 2 943 18 855
81 860 62 473 59 348 1 517 57 831 3 125 19 386
82 615 62 944 60 159 1 495 58 664 2 785 19 671
White Women, 16 Years and Older1 Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................
86 181 50 804 48 344 847 47 497 2 460 35 377
86 828 51 325 48 920 840 48 080 2 404 35 503
87 417 52 054 49 859 819 49 040 2 195 35 363
88 126 52 380 50 327 784 49 543 2 053 35 746
89 156 53 096 51 096 810 50 286 1 999 36 060
90 850 54 079 52 136 578 51 558 1 944 36 770
91 660 54 433 52 218 568 51 650 2 215 37 227
92 422 54 842 52 164 560 51 604 2 678 37 581
93 043 55 037 52 369 551 51 818 2 668 38 006
93 599 55 092 52 527 520 52 007 2 565 38 508
White Women, 20 Years and Older1 Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................
80 567 47 686 45 643 799 44 844 2 042 32 881
81 041 48 162 46 164 798 45 366 1 998 32 879
81 492 48 847 47 063 771 46 292 1 784 32 645
82 073 49 029 47 342 729 46 612 1 688 33 044
82 953 49 714 48 098 765 47 333 1 616 33 239
84 718 50 740 49 145 546 48 599 1 595 33 978
85 526 51 218 49 369 537 48 831 1 849 34 308
86 266 51 717 49 448 532 48 916 2 269 34 548
86 905 52 099 49 823 522 49 301 2 276 34 806
87 430 52 212 50 040 488 49 552 2 172 35 218
White, Both Sexes, 16 to 19 Years1 Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................
11 468 6 545 5 593 262 5 331 952 4 923
11 822 6 607 5 667 254 5 413 939 5 215
12 181 6 720 5 807 236 5 571 912 5 462
12 439 6 965 6 089 250 5 839 876 5 475
12 700 7 048 6 204 224 5 980 844 5 652
12 535 6 955 6 160 135 6 025 795 5 581
12 556 6 661 5 817 125 5 692 845 5 894
12 596 6 366 5 441 121 5 320 925 6 230
12 527 5 973 5 064 109 4 955 909 6 554
12 599 5 929 5 039 116 4 923 890 6 669
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
15
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-3. Employment Status of the Civilian Noninstitutional Population by Sex, Race, Hispanic Origin, and Age, 1985–2004—Continued (Thousands of people.)
Employment status, sex, and age
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
Total, Black1 Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................
19 664 12 364 10 501 189 10 312 1 864 7 299
19 989 12 654 10 814 155 10 659 1 840 7 335
20 352 12 993 11 309 164 11 145 1 684 7 359
20 692 13 205 11 658 153 11 505 1 547 7 487
21 021 13 497 11 953 150 11 803 1 544 7 524
21 477 13 740 12 175 142 12 034 1 565 7 737
21 799 13 797 12 074 160 11 914 1 723 8 002
22 147 14 162 12 151 153 11 997 2 011 7 985
22 521 14 225 12 382 143 12 239 1 844 8 296
22 879 14 502 12 835 136 12 699 1 666 8 377
Black Men, 16 Years and Older1 Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................
8 790 6 220 5 270 167 5 103 951 2 570
8 956 6 373 5 428 133 5 295 946 2 583
9 128 6 486 5 661 142 5 519 826 2 642
9 289 6 596 5 824 133 5 691 771 2 694
9 439 6 701 5 928 127 5 802 773 2 738
9 573 6 802 5 995 124 5 872 806 2 772
9 725 6 851 5 961 139 5 822 890 2 874
9 896 6 997 5 930 138 5 791 1 067 2 899
10 083 7 019 6 047 128 5 919 971 3 064
10 258 7 089 6 241 118 6 122 848 3 169
Black Men, 20 Years and Older1 Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................
7 731 5 749 4 992 154 4 837 757 1 982
7 907 5 915 5 150 125 5 025 765 1 991
8 063 6 023 5 357 135 5 222 666 2 040
8 063 6 023 5 357 135 5 222 666 2 040
8 215 6 127 5 509 129 5 381 617 2 089
8 364 6 221 5 602 119 5 483 619 2 143
8 479 6 357 5 692 117 5 576 664 2 122
8 652 6 451 5 706 131 5 575 745 2 202
8 840 6 568 5 681 131 5 550 886 801
9 171 6 646 5 964 115 5 849 682 2 525
Black Women, 16 Years and Older1 Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................
10 873 6 144 5 231 22 5 209 913 4 729
11 033 6 281 5 386 22 5 364 894 4 752
11 224 6 507 5 648 22 5 626 858 4 717
11 402 6 609 5 834 20 5 814 776 4 793
11 582 6 796 6 025 24 6 001 772 4 786
11 904 6 938 6 180 18 6 162 758 4 965
12 074 6 946 6 113 21 6 092 833 5 129
12 251 7 166 6 221 15 6 206 944 5 086
12 438 7 206 6 334 15 6 320 872 5 231
12 621 7 413 6 595 18 6 577 818 5 208
Black Women, 20 Years and Older1 Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................
9 773 5 727 4 977 19 4 959 750 4 046
9 945 5 855 5 128 22 5 106 728 4 090
10 126 6 071 5 365 20 5 345 706 4 054
10 298 6 190 5 548 18 5 530 642 4 108
10 482 6 352 5 727 23 5 703 625 4 130
10 760 6 517 5 884 18 5 867 633 4 243
10 959 6 572 5 874 20 5 853 698 4 388
11 152 6 778 5 978 15 5 963 800 4 374
11 332 6 824 6 095 14 6 081 729 4 508
11 496 7 004 6 320 17 6 303 685 4 492
Black, Both Sexes, 16 to 19 Years1 Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................
2 160 889 532 16 516 357 1 271
2 137 883 536 8 529 347 1 254
2 163 899 587 9 578 312 1 264
2 179 889 601 7 594 288 1 291
2 176 925 625 8 617 300 1 251
2 238 866 598 7 591 268 1 372
2 187 774 494 8 486 280 1 413
2 155 816 492 7 485 324 1 339
2 181 807 494 9 485 313 1 374
2 211 852 552 1 547 300 1 360
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
16
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-3. Employment Status of the Civilian Noninstitutional Population by Sex, Race, Hispanic Origin, and Age, 1985–2004—Continued (Thousands of people.)
Employment status, sex, and age
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Total, Black1 Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................
23 246 14 817 13 279 101 13 178 1 538 8 429
23 604 15 134 13 542 98 13 444 1 592 8 470
24 003 15 529 13 969 117 13 852 1 560 8 474
24 373 15 982 14 556 138 14 417 1 426 8 391
24 855 16 365 15 056 117 14 939 1 309 8 490
24 902 16 397 15 156 77 15 079 1 241 8 505
25 138 16 421 15 006 62 14 944 1 416 8 717
25 578 16 565 14 872 69 14 804 1 693 9 013
25 686 16 526 14 739 63 14 676 1 787 9 161
26 065 16 638 14 909 50 14 859 1 729 9 428
Black Men, 16 Years and Older1 Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................
10 411 7 183 6 422 93 6 329 762 3 228
10 575 7 264 6 456 86 6 371 808 3 311
10 763 7 354 6 607 103 6 504 747 3 409
10 927 7 542 6 871 118 6 752 671 3 386
11 143 7 652 7 027 99 6 952 671 3 386
11 129 7 702 7 082 67 7 015 620 3 427
11 172 7 647 6 938 56 6 882 709 3 525
11 391 7 794 6 959 63 6 896 835 3 597
11 454 7 711 6 820 52 6 768 891 3 743
11 656 7 773 6 912 43 6 869 860 3 884
Black Men, 20 Years and Older1 Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................
9 280 6 730 6 137 89 6 048 593 2 550
9 414 6 806 6 167 83 6 084 639 2 608
9 575 6 910 6 325 101 6 224 585 2 665
9 727 7 053 6 530 112 6 418 524 2 673
9 926 7 182 6 702 96 6 606 480 2 743
9 952 7 240 6 741 67 6 675 499 2 711
9 993 7 200 6 627 55 55 573 2 792
10 196 7 347 6 652 62 6 591 695 2 848
10 278 7 346 6 586 51 6 535 760 2 932
10 461 7 414 6 681 43 6 638 733 3 047
Black Women, 16 Years and Older1 Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................
12 835 7 634 6 857 8 6 849 777 5 201
13 029 7 869 7 086 13 7 073 784 5 159
13 241 8 175 7 362 14 7 348 813 5 066
13 446 8 441 7 685 20 7 665 756 5 005
13 711 8 713 8 029 18 8 011 684 4 999
13 772 8 695 8 073 10 8 064 621 5 078
13 966 8 774 8 068 6 8 062 706 5 192
14 187 8 772 7 914 6 7 907 858 5 415
14 232 8 815 7 919 11 7 908 895 5 418
14 409 8 865 7 997 7 990 7 868 5 544
Black Women, 20 Years and Older1 Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................
11 682 7 175 6 556 7 6 548 620 4 507
11 833 7 405 6 762 12 6 749 643 4 428
12 016 7 686 7 013 13 7 000 673 4 330
12 023 7 912 7 290 19 7 272 622 4 291
12 451 8 224 7 663 17 7 646 561 4 226
12 561 8 215 7 703 9 7 694 512 4 346
12 758 8 323 7 741 6 7 735 582 4 434
12 966 8 348 7 610 5 7 604 738 4 618
13 026 8 409 7 636 10 7 626 772 4 618
13 182 8 462 7 707 7 701 6 755 4 720
Black, Both Sexes, 16 to 19 Years1 Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................
2 284 911 586 5 581 325 1 372
2 356 923 613 3 611 310 1 434
2 412 933 631 3 611 310 1 434
2 443 1 017 736 8 728 281 1 427
2 479 959 691 4 687 268 1 520
2 389 941 711 1 710 230 1 448
2 388 898 637 1 637 260 1 490
2 416 870 611 2 609 260 1 546
2 382 771 516 1 515 255 1 611
2 423 762 520 0 520 241 1 661
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
17
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-3. Employment Status of the Civilian Noninstitutional Population by Sex, Race, Hispanic Origin, and Age, 1985–2004—Continued (Thousands of people.)
Employment status, sex, and age
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
Total, Hispanic Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................
11 915 7 698 6 888 302 6 586 811 4 217
12 344 8 076 7 219 329 6 890 857 4 268
12 867 8 541 7 790 398 7 391 751 4 327
13 325 8 982 8 250 407 7 843 732 4 342
13 791 9 323 8 573 440 8 133 750 4 468
15 904 10 720 9 845 517 9 328 876 5 184
16 425 10 920 9 828 512 9 315 1 092 5 506
16 961 11 338 10 027 524 9 503 1 311 5 623
17 532 11 610 10 361 523 9 838 1 248 5 922
18 117 11 975 10 788 560 10 227 1 187 6 142
Hispanic Men, 16 Years and Older Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................
5 885 4 729 4 245 264 3 981 483 1 157
6 106 4 948 4 428 287 4 140 520 1 158
6 371 5 163 4 713 351 4 361 451 1 208
6 604 5 409 4 972 356 4 616 437 1 195
6 825 5 595 5 172 393 4 779 423 1 230
8 041 6 546 6 021 449 5 572 524 1 495
8 296 6 664 5 979 453 5 526 685 1 632
8 553 6 900 6 093 468 5 625 807 1 654
8 824 7 076 6 328 469 5 860 747 1 749
9 104 7 210 6 530 494 6 036 680 1 894
Hispanic Men, 20 Years and Older Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................
5 232 4 395 3 994 239 3 754 401 837
5 451 4 612 4 174 263 3 911 438 839
5 700 4 818 4 444 327 4 118 374 882
5 921 5 031 4 680 327 4 353 351 890
6 114 5 195 4 853 366 4 487 342 919
7 126 6 034 5 609 415 5 195 425 1 092
7 392 6 198 5 623 419 5 204 575 1 194
7 655 6 432 5 757 437 5 320 675 1 223
7 930 6 621 5 992 441 5 551 629 1 309
8 178 6 747 6 189 466 5 722 558 1 431
Hispanic Women, 16 Years and Older Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................
6 029 2 970 2 642 38 2 604 327 3 059
6 238 3 128 2 791 42 2 749 337 3 110
6 496 3 377 3 077 47 3 030 300 3 119
6 721 3 573 3 278 51 3 227 296 3 147
6 965 3 728 3 401 48 3 353 327 3 237
7 863 4 174 3 823 68 3 755 351 3 689
8 130 4 256 3 848 59 3 789 407 3 874
8 408 4 439 3 934 57 3 877 504 3 969
8 708 4 534 4 033 55 3 978 501 4 174
9 014 4 765 4 258 66 4 191 508 4 248
Hispanic Women, 20 Years and Older Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................
5 385 2 893 2 456 31 2 424 269 2 660
5 591 3 112 2 615 39 2 576 278 2 698
5 835 3 281 2 872 45 2 827 241 2 723
6 050 3 448 3 047 49 2 998 234 2 769
6 278 3 857 3 172 44 3 128 276 2 830
7 041 3 941 3 567 62 3 505 289 3 184
7 301 4 110 3 603 53 3 549 339 3 360
7 569 4 218 3 693 51 3 642 418 3 459
7 846 4 421 3 800 49 3 751 418 3 628
8 122 4 520 3 989 61 3 928 431 3 701
Hispanic Both Sexes, 16 to 19 Years Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................
1 298 579 438 31 407 141 719
1 302 571 430 27 403 141 730
1 332 610 474 27 447 136 722
1 354 671 523 32 492 148 683
1 399 680 548 31 517 132 719
1 737 829 668 40 628 161 907
1 732 781 602 41 562 179 951
1 737 796 577 36 541 219 941
1 756 771 570 33 537 201 985
1 818 807 609 32 577 198 1 010
18
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-3. Employment Status of the Civilian Noninstitutional Population by Sex, Race, Hispanic Origin, and Age, 1985–2004—Continued (Thousands of people.)
Employment status, sex, and age
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Total, Hispanic Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................
18 629 12 267 11 127 604 10 524 1 140 6 362
19 213 12 774 11 642 609 11 033 1 132 6 439
20 321 13 796 12 726 660 12 067 1 069 6 526
21 070 14 317 13 291 742 12 549 1 026 6 753
21 650 14 665 13 720 734 12 986 945 6 985
23 938 16 689 15 735 536 15 199 954 7 249
24 942 17 328 16 190 423 15 767 1 138 7 614
25 963 17 943 16 590 448 16 141 1 353 8 020
27 551 18 813 17 372 446 16 927 1 441 8 738
28 109 19 272 17 930 441 17 489 1 342 8 837
Hispanic Men, 16 Years and Older Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................
9 329 7 376 6 725 527 6 198 651 1 952
9 604 7 646 7 039 537 6 502 607 1 957
10 368 8 309 7 728 571 7 157 582 2 059
10 734 8 571 8 018 651 7 367 552 2 164
10 713 8 546 8 067 642 7 425 480 2 167
12 174 9 923 9 428 449 8 979 494 2 252
12 695 10 279 9 668 345 9 323 611 2 416
13 221 10 609 9 845 361 9 484 764 2 613
14 098 11 288 10 479 350 10 129 809 2 810
14 417 11 587 10 832 356 10 476 755 2 831
Hispanic Men, 20 Years and Older Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................
8 375 6 898 6 367 501 5 866 530 1 477
8 611 7 150 6 655 510 6 145 495 1 461
9 250 7 779 7 307 544 6 763 471 1 471
9 573 8 005 7 570 621 6 949 436 1 568
9 523 7 950 7 576 602 6 974 374 1 573
10 841 9 247 8 859 423 8 435 388 1 595
11 386 9 595 9 100 328 8 773 495 1 791
11 928 9 977 9 341 345 8 996 636 1 951
12 797 10 756 10 063 336 9 727 693 2 041
13 082 11 020 10 385 335 10 050 635 2 061
Hispanic Women, 16 Years and Older Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................
9 300 4 891 4 403 76 4 326 488 4 409
9 610 5 128 4 602 72 4 531 525 4 482
9 953 5 486 4 999 89 4 910 488 4 466
10 335 5 746 5 273 91 5 182 473 4 589
10 937 6 119 5 653 92 5 561 466 4 819
11 764 6 767 6 307 87 6 220 460 4 997
12 247 7 049 6 522 77 6 445 527 5 198
12 742 7 334 6 744 87 6 657 590 5 408
13 452 7 525 6 894 96 6 798 631 5 928
13 692 7 685 7 098 85 7 013 587 6 007
Hispanic Women, 20 Years and Older Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................
8 382 4 779 4 116 72 4 044 404 3 863
8 654 5 106 4 341 69 4 272 438 3 875
8 950 5 304 4 705 83 4 622 401 3 845
9 292 5 666 4 928 85 4 843 376 3 988
9 821 6 275 5 290 88 5 202 376 4 155
10 574 6 557 5 903 81 5 822 371 4 299
11 049 6 863 6 121 73 6 048 436 4 492
11 528 7 096 6 367 84 6 283 496 4 666
12 211 7 096 6 541 91 6 450 555 5 114
12 420 7 257 6 752 78 6 674 504 5 163
Hispanic Both Sexes, 16 to 19 Years Civilian noninstitutional population ..................................... Civilian labor force .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................ Agriculture ...................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Unemployed ....................................................................... Not in labor force ................................................................
1 872 850 645 31 614 205 1 022
1 948 845 646 29 617 199 1 103
2 121 911 714 33 682 197 1 210
2 204 1 007 793 36 757 214 1 197
2 307 1 049 854 45 809 196 1 257
2 523 1 168 973 31 942 194 1 355
2 508 1 176 969 22 947 208 1 331
2 507 1 103 882 19 863 221 1 404
2 543 960 768 19 749 192 1 583
2 608 995 792 25 767 203 1 612
Note: Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race.
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
19
Table 1-4. Employment Status of the Civilian Noninstitutional Population by Marital Status, Sex, and Race, 1985–2004 (Thousands of people.) Men Year
Civilian noninstitutional population
Women
Civilian labor force Total
Employed
Unemployed
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force Total
Employed
Unemployed
Total: Single 1985 ........................................................................ 1986 ........................................................................ 1987 ........................................................................ 1988 ........................................................................ 1989 ........................................................................
23 328 23 662 23 947 24 572 24 831
17 208 17 553 17 772 18 345 18 738
15 022 15 407 15 794 16 521 16 936
2 186 2 146 1 978 1 824 1 801
19 768 20 113 20 596 20 961 21 141
13 163 13 512 13 885 14 194 14 377
11 758 12 071 12 561 12 979 13 175
1 404 1 442 1 323 1 215 1 202
1990 ........................................................................ 1991 ........................................................................ 1992 ........................................................................ 1993 ........................................................................ 1994 ........................................................................
25 870 26 197 26 436 26 570 26 786
19 357 19 411 19 709 19 706 19 786
17 405 17 011 17 098 17 261 17 604
1 952 2 400 2 611 2 445 2 181
21 901 22 173 22 475 22 713 23 000
14 612 14 681 14 872 15 031 15 333
13 336 13 198 13 263 13 484 13 847
1 276 1 482 1 609 1 547 1 486
1995 ........................................................................ 1996 ........................................................................ 1997 ........................................................................ 1998 ........................................................................ 1999 ........................................................................
26 918 27 387 28 311 28 693 29 104
19 841 20 071 20 689 21 037 21 351
17 833 18 055 18 783 19 240 19 686
2 007 2 016 1 906 1 798 1 665
23 151 23 623 24 285 24 941 25 576
15 467 15 842 16 492 17 087 17 575
14 053 14 403 15 037 15 755 16 267
1 413 1 439 1 455 1 332 1 308
2000 ........................................................................ 2001 ........................................................................ 2002 ........................................................................ 2003 ........................................................................ 2004 ........................................................................
29 887 30 646 31 072 31 691 32 422
22 002 22 285 22 289 22 297 22 776
20 339 20 298 19 983 19 841 20 395
1 663 1 988 2 306 2 457 2 381
25 920 26 462 26 999 27 802 28 228
17 849 18 021 18 203 18 397 18 616
16 628 16 635 16 583 16 723 16 995
1 221 1 386 1 621 1 674 1 621
Total: Married, Spouse Present 1985 ........................................................................ 1986 ........................................................................ 1987 ........................................................................ 1988 ........................................................................ 1989 ........................................................................
52 128 52 769 53 223 53 246 53 530
41 014 41 477 41 889 41 832 42 036
39 248 39 658 40 265 40 472 40 760
1 767 1 819 1 625 1 360 1 276
51 832 52 158 52 532 52 775 52 885
27 894 28 623 29 381 29 921 30 548
26 336 27 144 28 107 28 756 29 404
1 558 1 479 1 273 1 166 1 145
1990 ........................................................................ 1991 ........................................................................ 1992 ........................................................................ 1993 ........................................................................ 1994 ........................................................................
53 793 54 158 54 509 55 178 55 560
42 275 42 303 42 491 42 834 43 005
40 829 40 429 40 341 40 935 41 414
1 446 1 875 2 150 1 899 1 592
52 917 53 169 53 501 53 838 54 155
30 901 31 112 31 700 31 980 32 888
29 714 29 698 30 100 30 499 31 536
1 188 1 415 1 600 1 482 1 352
1995 ........................................................................ 1996 ........................................................................ 1997 ........................................................................ 1998 ........................................................................ 1999 ........................................................................
56 100 56 363 56 396 56 670 57 089
43 472 43 739 43 808 43 957 44 244
42 048 42 417 42 642 42 923 43 254
1 424 1 322 1 167 1 034 990
54 716 54 970 54 915 55 331 56 178
33 359 33 618 33 802 33 857 34 372
32 063 32 406 32 755 32 872 33 450
1 296 1 211 1 047 985 921
2000 ........................................................................ 2001 ........................................................................ 2002 ........................................................................ 2003 ........................................................................ 2004 ........................................................................
58 167 58 448 59 102 60 063 60 412
44 987 45 233 45 766 46 404 46 550
44 078 44 007 44 116 44 653 45 084
908 1 226 1 650 1 751 1 466
57 557 57 610 58 165 59 069 59 278
35 146 35 236 35 477 36 046 35 845
34 209 34 153 34 153 34 695 34 600
937 1 083 1 323 1 352 1 244
Total: Divorced, Widowed, or Separated 1985 ........................................................................ 1986 ........................................................................ 1987 ........................................................................ 1988 ........................................................................ 1989 ........................................................................
9 013 9 367 9 729 10 039 10 401
6 190 6 392 6 546 6 751 7 066
5 621 5 827 6 048 6 280 6 618
568 565 498 471 448
22 136 22 518 22 726 23 020 23 604
9 993 10 277 10 393 10 627 11 104
9 165 9 491 9 665 9 962 10 448
828 787 727 665 656
1990 ........................................................................ 1991 ........................................................................ 1992 ........................................................................ 1993 ........................................................................ 1994 ........................................................................
10 714 10 924 11 325 11 584 12 008
7 378 7 454 7 763 7 864 2 076
6 871 6 783 7 001 7 153 7 432
508 671 762 711 594
23 968 24 304 24 559 24 955 25 304
11 315 11 385 11 570 11 784 12 018
10 639 10 600 10 689 10 927 11 227
676 786 881 856 791
1995 ........................................................................ 1996 ........................................................................ 1997 ........................................................................ 1998 ........................................................................ 1999 ........................................................................
12 160 12 456 13 009 13 394 13 528
2 018 2 103 2 316 2 332 2 290
7 496 7 735 8 260 8 530 8 507
551 541 504 435 411
25 539 25 791 26 218 26 190 26 276
12 118 12 397 12 742 12 771 12 909
11 407 11 691 12 082 12 143 12 324
712 706 660 628 585
2000 ........................................................................ 2001 ........................................................................ 2002 ........................................................................ 2003 ........................................................................ 2004 ........................................................................
13 910 14 188 14 411 14 680 14 875
9 291 9 367 9 445 9 537 9 654
8 888 8 892 8 804 8 838 9 045
403 476 641 699 608
27 135 27 738 27 821 27 862 28 141
13 308 13 592 13 683 13 828 13 961
12 748 12 949 12 846 12 986 13 133
559 642 837 842 828
20
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-4. Employment Status of the Civilian Noninstitutional Population by Marital Status, Sex, and Race, 1985–2004—Continued (Thousands of people.) Men Year
Civilian noninstitutional population
Women
Civilian labor force Total
Employed
Unemployed
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force Total
Employed
Unemployed
White: Single1 1985 ........................................................................ 1986 ........................................................................ 1987 ........................................................................ 1988 ........................................................................ 1989 ........................................................................
19 100 19 316 19 526 19 966 20 076
14 426 14 672 14 850 15 279 15 511
12 875 13 162 13 449 13 982 14 249
1 550 1 510 1 401 1 297 1 263
15 472 15 686 15 990 16 218 16 289
10 705 10 965 11 196 11 428 11 474
9 828 10 060 10 382 10 674 10 741
877 906 815 754 734
1990 ........................................................................ 1991 ........................................................................ 1992 ........................................................................ 1993 ........................................................................ 1994 ........................................................................
20 746 20 899 21 025 20 974 21 071
15 993 15 989 16 129 16 033 16 074
14 617 14 233 14 285 14 303 14 539
1 376 1 756 1 844 1 730 1 535
16 555 16 569 16 684 16 768 16 936
11 522 11 497 11 502 11 613 11 805
10 729 10 557 10 526 10 633 10 885
794 939 976 980 920
1995 ........................................................................ 1996 ........................................................................ 1997 ........................................................................ 1998 ........................................................................ 1999 ........................................................................
21 132 21 454 22 236 22 513 22 788
16 080 16 285 16 810 17 007 17 272
14 674 14 891 15 507 15 746 16 116
1 406 1 394 1 303 1 261 1 157
17 046 17 282 17 728 18 247 18 635
11 830 11 977 12 322 12 742 13 029
10 967 11 099 11 443 11 945 12 206
864 878 879 797 823
2000 ........................................................................ 2001 ........................................................................ 2002 ........................................................................ 2003 ........................................................................ 2004 ........................................................................
23 266 23 979 24 289 24 419 24 929
17 659 17 970 17 924 17 755 18 090
16 504 16 561 16 289 16 031 16 435
1 154 1 409 1 635 1 723 1 655
18 808 19 253 19 625 19 924 20 210
13 215 13 368 13 556 13 462 13 597
12 449 12 491 12 550 12 461 12 628
766 877 1 006 1 001 969
White: Married, Spouse Present1 1985 ........................................................................ 1986 ........................................................................ 1987 ........................................................................ 1988 ........................................................................ 1989 ........................................................................
46 925 47 399 47 690 47 685 47 883
36 934 37 230 37 486 37 429 37 589
35 472 35 727 36 127 36 304 36 545
1 462 1 503 1 359 1 125 1 044
46 728 46 892 47 180 47 364 47 382
24 777 25 368 26 014 26 499 27 030
23 468 24 141 24 969 25 540 26 083
1 308 1 226 1 045 959 947
1990 ........................................................................ 1991 ........................................................................ 1992 ........................................................................ 1993 ........................................................................ 1994 ........................................................................
47 841 48 137 48 416 48 937 49 169
37 515 37 507 37 671 37 953 38 008
36 338 35 923 35 886 36 396 36 719
1 177 1 585 1 785 1 557 1 288
47 240 47 456 47 705 47 944 48 120
27 271 27 479 27 951 28 221 29 017
26 285 26 290 26 623 26 993 27 888
986 1 189 1 329 1 228 1 129
1995 ........................................................................ 1996 ........................................................................ 1997 ........................................................................ 1998 ........................................................................ 1999 ........................................................................
49 597 49 800 49 719 49 901 50 091
38 376 38 616 38 593 38 629 38 765
37 211 37 522 37 636 37 793 37 968
1 165 1 094 957 836 797
48 497 48 684 48 542 48 722 49 296
29 360 29 517 29 664 29 534 29 806
28 290 28 496 28 809 28 727 29 056
1 070 1 020 855 808 749
2000 ........................................................................ 2001 ........................................................................ 2002 ........................................................................ 2003 ........................................................................ 2004 ........................................................................
50 775 50 850 51 284 51 859 51 992
39 169 39 246 39 580 39 908 39 935
38 451 38 265 38 261 38 529 38 774
717 981 1 319 1 379 1 161
50 194 50 077 50 489 50 957 50 939
30 344 30 336 30 511 30 805 30 544
29 582 29 472 29 463 29 740 29 549
762 864 1 048 1 065 996
White: Divorced, Widowed, or Separated1 1985 ........................................................................ 1986 ........................................................................ 1987 ........................................................................ 1988 ........................................................................ 1989 ........................................................................
7 348 7 675 7 974 8 204 8 509
5 112 5 315 5 443 5 608 5 887
4 698 4 896 5 070 5 265 5 558
414 420 373 344 329
18 106 18 463 18 599 18 758 19 200
7 973 8 251 8 300 8 512 8 863
7 393 7 675 7 791 8 047 8 409
580 576 509 464 454
1990 ........................................................................ 1991 ........................................................................ 1992 ........................................................................ 1993 ........................................................................ 1994 ........................................................................
8 782 8 941 9 210 9 459 9 819
6 131 6 159 6 368 6 498 6 644
5 748 5 641 5 788 5 957 6 193
382 518 580 541 451
19 461 19 757 19 931 20 206 20 439
9 016 9 111 9 216 9 382 9 533
8 544 8 538 8 561 8 764 8 965
471 573 654 618 569
1995 ........................................................................ 1996 ........................................................................ 1997 ........................................................................ 1998 ........................................................................ 1999 ........................................................................
10 005 10 234 10 622 10 937 11 050
6 689 6 883 7 236 7 398 7 375
6 261 6 474 6 855 7 064 7 056
428 408 382 334 320
20 638 20 862 21 147 21 157 21 225
9 613 9 831 10 068 10 104 10 261
9 087 9 325 9 607 9 656 9 834
526 506 461 449 427
2000 ........................................................................ 2001 ........................................................................ 2002 ........................................................................ 2003 ........................................................................ 2004 ........................................................................
11 329 11 623 11 789 11 971 12 124
7 638 7 750 7 804 7 846 7 969
7 333 7 386 7 299 7 305 7 503
305 364 505 541 466
21 847 22 330 22 308 22 162 22 450
10 521 10 729 10 775 10 769 10 950
10 105 10 255 10 151 10 168 10 350
416 474 624 602 600
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
21
Table 1-4. Employment Status of the Civilian Noninstitutional Population by Marital Status, Sex, and Race, 1985–2004—Continued (Thousands of people.) Men Year
Civilian noninstitutional population
Women
Civilian labor force Total
Employed
Unemployed
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force Total
Employed
Unemployed
Black and Other Races: Single1 1985 ........................................................................ 1986 ........................................................................ 1987 ........................................................................ 1988 ........................................................................ 1989 ........................................................................
4 228 4 345 4 421 4 606 4 755
2 782 2 881 2 922 3 066 3 227
2 147 2 245 2 345 2 539 2 687
635 636 577 527 538
4 297 4 427 4 606 4 743 4 852
2 458 2 547 2 688 2 766 2 903
1 930 2 011 2 179 2 304 2 434
528 536 509 461 468
1990 ........................................................................ 1991 ........................................................................ 1992 ........................................................................ 1993 ........................................................................ 1994 ........................................................................
5 124 5 298 5 411 5 596 5 715
3 364 3 422 3 580 3 673 3 712
2 788 2 778 2 813 2 958 3 065
576 644 767 715 646
5 346 5 604 5 791 5 945 6 064
3 090 3 184 3 370 3 418 3 528
2 607 2 641 2 737 2 851 2 962
482 543 633 567 566
1995 ........................................................................ 1996 ........................................................................ 1997 ........................................................................ 1998 ........................................................................ 1999 ........................................................................
5 786 5 933 6 075 6 180 6 316
3 761 3 786 3 879 4 030 4 079
3 159 3 164 3 276 3 494 3 570
601 622 603 537 508
6 105 6 341 6 557 6 694 6 941
3 637 3 865 4 170 4 345 4 546
3 086 3 304 3 594 3 810 4 061
549 561 576 535 485
2000 ........................................................................ 2001 ........................................................................ 2002 ........................................................................ 2003 ........................................................................ 2004 ........................................................................
6 621 6 667 6 783 7 272 7 493
4 343 4 315 4 365 4 542 4 686
3 835 3 737 3 694 3 810 3 960
509 579 671 734 726
7 112 7 209 7 374 7 878 8 018
4 634 4 653 4 647 4 935 5 019
4 179 4 144 4 033 4 262 4 367
455 509 615 673 652
Black and Other Races: Married, Spouse Present1 1985 ........................................................................ 1986 ........................................................................ 1987 ........................................................................ 1988 ........................................................................ 1989 ........................................................................
5 203 5 370 5 534 5 560 5 647
4 080 4 247 4 403 4 403 4 447
3 775 3 931 4 137 4 168 4 215
305 316 266 234 232
5 104 5 266 5 352 5 411 5 503
3 118 3 255 3 367 3 422 3 518
2 868 3 003 3 138 3 215 3 321
250 253 228 207 198
1990 ........................................................................ 1991 ........................................................................ 1992 ........................................................................ 1993 ........................................................................ 1994 ........................................................................
5 952 6 021 6 093 6 241 6 391
4 760 4 796 4 820 4 881 4 997
4 491 4 506 4 455 4 539 4 695
269 290 365 342 304
5 677 5 713 5 796 5 894 6 035
3 630 3 633 3 749 3 759 3 871
3 429 3 408 3 477 3 506 3 648
202 226 271 254 223
1995 ........................................................................ 1996 ........................................................................ 1997 ........................................................................ 1998 ........................................................................ 1999 ........................................................................
6 503 6 563 6 677 6 769 6 998
5 096 5 123 5 215 5 328 5 479
4 837 4 895 5 006 5 130 5 286
259 228 210 198 193
6 219 6 286 6 373 6 609 6 882
3 999 4 101 4 138 4 323 4 566
3 773 3 910 3 946 4 145 4 394
226 191 192 177 172
2000 ........................................................................ 2001 ........................................................................ 2002 ........................................................................ 2003 ........................................................................ 2004 ........................................................................
7 392 7 598 7 818 8 204 8 420
5 818 5 987 6 186 6 496 6 615
5 627 5 742 5 855 6 124 6 310
191 245 331 372 305
7 363 7 533 7 676 8 112 8 339
4 802 4 900 4 966 5 241 5 301
4 627 4 681 4 690 4 955 5 051
175 219 275 287 248
Black and Other Races: Divorced, Widowed or Separated1 1985 ........................................................................ 1986 ........................................................................ 1987 ........................................................................ 1988 ........................................................................ 1989 ........................................................................
1 665 1 692 1 755 1 836 1 892
1 078 1 076 1 103 1 142 1 179
923 931 977 1 015 1 060
155 146 125 127 119
4 030 4 055 4 127 4 262 4 404
2 020 2 026 2 093 2 115 2 241
1 772 1 816 1 875 1 914 2 039
248 210 218 201 202
1990 ........................................................................ 1991 ........................................................................ 1992 ........................................................................ 1993 ........................................................................ 1994 ........................................................................
1 932 1 983 2 115 2 125 2 189
1 247 1 295 1 395 1 366 1 382
1 123 1 142 1 213 1 196 1 239
126 153 182 170 143
4 507 4 547 4 628 4 749 4 865
2 299 2 274 2 354 2 402 2 485
2 095 2 062 2 128 2 163 2 262
205 213 227 238 222
1995 ........................................................................ 1996 ........................................................................ 1997 ........................................................................ 1998 ........................................................................ 1999 ........................................................................
2 155 2 222 2 387 2 457 2 478
1 358 1 394 1 528 1 567 1 543
1 235 1 261 1 405 1 466 1 451
123 133 122 101 91
4 901 4 929 5 071 5 033 5 051
2 505 2 566 2 674 2 667 2 648
2 320 2 366 2 475 2 487 2 490
186 200 199 179 158
2000 ........................................................................ 2001 ........................................................................ 2002 ........................................................................ 2003 ........................................................................ 2004 ........................................................................
2 581 2 565 2 622 2 709 2 751
1 653 1 617 1 641 1 691 1 685
1 555 1 506 1 505 1 533 1 542
98 112 136 158 142
5 288 5 408 5 513 5 700 5 691
2 787 2 863 2 908 3 059 3 011
2 643 2 694 2 695 2 818 2 783
143 168 213 240 228
Note: See "Notes and Definitions" for information on historical comparability. 1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
22
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-5. Employment Status of the Civilian Noninstitutional Population by Region, Division, and State, 2003–2004 (Thousands of people, percent.) 2003
Region, division, and state
UNITED STATES 1 .................
Civilian noninstitutional population
2004
Civilian labor force Total
221 168 146 510
Participation Employed Unemployed rate
Unemployment rate
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force Total
223 357 147 401
Participation Employed Unemployed rate
Unemployment rate
66.2
137 736
8 774
6.0
66.0
139 252
8 149
5.5
Northeast ............................... New England .......................... Connecticut ......................... Maine .................................. Massachusetts .................... New Hampshire .................. Rhode Island ...................... Vermont .............................. Middle Atlantic ........................ New Jersey ......................... New York ............................ Pennsylvania ......................
42 237 11 091 2 680 1 042 5 027 1 005 844 494 31 146 6 618 14 875 9 653
27 408 7 551 1 805 694 3 414 717 569 352 19 857 4 371 9 300 6 186
64.9 68.1 67.4 66.6 67.9 71.3 67.4 71.3 63.8 66.0 62.5 64.1
25 796 7 140 1 706 660 3 216 685 538 336 18 656 4 115 8 705 5 835
1 612 410 99 35 198 32 31 16 1 202 256 595 351
5.9 5.4 5.5 5.0 5.8 4.5 5.4 4.5 6.1 5.9 6.4 5.7
42 429 11 155 2 700 1 055 5 036 1 018 848 499 31 274 6 666 14 906 9 702
27 546 7 529 1 797 699 3 393 723 562 353 20 018 4 388 9 355 6 275
64.9 67.5 66.6 66.3 67.4 71.0 66.3 70.7 64.0 65.8 62.8 64.7
26 081 7 166 1 710 667 3 219 696 533 340 18 915 4 176 8 812 5 927
1 466 363 88 32 174 27 29 13 1 103 212 543 348
5.3 4.8 4.9 4.6 5.1 3.8 5.2 3.7 5.5 4.8 5.8 5.5
Midwest ................................. East North Central .................. Illinois .................................. Indiana ................................ Michigan ............................. Ohio .................................... Wisconsin ........................... West North Central ................. Iowa .................................... Kansas ................................ Minnesota ........................... Missouri .............................. Nebraska ............................ North Dakota ...................... South Dakota ......................
49 984 34 981 9 576 4 687 7 703 8 781 4 233 15 003 2 287 2 053 3 898 4 378 1 318 492 578
34 284 23 522 6 361 3 169 5 054 5 869 3 069 10 762 1 620 1 447 2 929 3 014 976 351 424
68.6 67.2 66.4 67.6 65.6 66.8 72.5 71.7 70.8 70.5 75.1 68.8 74.1 71.3 73.4
32 263 22 033 5 934 3 001 4 695 5 506 2 897 10 231 1 548 1 366 2 786 2 846 937 339 409
2 020 1 489 427 168 358 363 172 531 72 81 143 168 39 13 15
5.9 6.3 6.7 5.3 7.1 6.2 5.6 4.9 4.4 5.6 4.9 5.6 4.0 3.6 3.5
50 378 35 222 9 641 4 725 7 748 8 828 4 280 15 156 2 307 2 069 3 943 4 424 1 331 497 586
34 440 23 601 6 396 3 170 5 079 5 885 3 071 10 838 1 624 1 464 2 952 3 031 985 354 428
68.4 67.0 66.3 67.1 65.6 66.7 71.8 71.5 70.4 70.8 74.9 68.5 74.0 71.2 73.0
32 472 22 167 6 000 3 005 4 719 5 523 2 919 10 305 1 545 1 384 2 814 2 859 948 342 413
1 968 1 434 396 165 360 362 152 533 78 80 138 172 37 12 15
5.7 6.1 6.2 5.2 7.1 6.1 4.9 4.9 4.8 5.5 4.7 5.7 3.8 3.4 3.5
South ..................................... South Atlantic ......................... Delaware ............................ District of Columbia ............ Florida ................................. Georgia ............................... Maryland ............................. North Carolina .................... South Carolina .................... Virginia ................................ West Virginia ...................... East South Central ................. Alabama ............................. Kentucky ............................. Mississippi .......................... Tennessee .......................... West South Central ................ Arkansas ............................. Louisiana ............................ Oklahoma ........................... Texas ..................................
78 713 41 316 630 448 13 197 6 416 4 178 6 340 3 147 5 516 1 445 13 267 3 451 3 163 2 146 4 507 24 129 2 076 3 349 2 647 16 057
51 235 26 939 420 298 8 195 4 341 2 880 4 230 2 013 3 767 796 8 337 2 133 1 979 1 322 2 903 15 959 1 279 2 042 1 710 10 927
65.1 65.2 66.7 66.5 62.1 67.7 68.9 66.7 64.0 68.3 55.1 62.8 61.8 62.6 61.6 64.4 66.1 61.6 61.0 64.6 68.1
48 300 25 526 404 277 7 764 4 135 2 751 3 957 1 878 3 612 748 7 845 2 009 1 856 1 237 2 742 14 929 1 205 1 915 1 614 10 196
2 935 1 414 17 21 431 206 128 273 135 155 48 492 124 123 85 161 1 030 75 128 95 731
5.7 5.2 4.0 7.2 5.3 4.7 4.5 6.5 6.7 4.1 6.0 5.9 5.8 6.2 6.4 5.5 6.5 5.9 6.3 5.6 6.7
80 003 42 053 643 443 13 521 6 534 4 223 6 439 3 193 5 605 1 452 13 411 3 484 3 194 2 169 4 564 24 539 2 102 3 377 2 671 16 388
51 767 27 297 423 299 8 396 4 390 2 883 4 256 2 046 3 815 788 8 361 2 149 1 974 1 330 2 908 16 110 1 306 2 058 1 710 11 035
64.7 64.9 65.8 67.5 62.1 67.2 68.3 66.1 64.1 68.1 54.3 62.3 61.7 61.8 61.3 63.7 65.7 62.1 60.9 64.0 67.3
49 037 25 975 406 274 7 997 4 188 2 761 4 021 1 907 3 674 747 7 899 2 029 1 870 1 248 2 752 15 163 1 232 1 940 1 628 10 363
2 730 1 322 17 24 399 202 122 236 140 140 42 461 119 104 82 156 946 74 117 83 672
5.3 4.8 4.1 8.2 4.8 4.6 4.2 5.5 6.8 3.7 5.3 5.5 5.6 5.3 6.2 5.4 5.9 5.7 5.7 4.8 6.1
West ....................................... Mountain ................................. Arizona ............................... Colorado ............................. Idaho ................................... Montana .............................. Nevada ............................... New Mexico ........................ Utah .................................... Wyoming ............................. Pacific ..................................... Alaska ................................. California ............................ Hawaii ................................. Oregon ................................ Washington .........................
49 706 14 441 4 137 3 427 1 014 717 1 686 1 407 1 664 389 35 266 457 26 412 932 2 768 4 696
33 228 9 859 2 707 2 480 691 473 1 149 893 1 188 277 23 370 331 17 414 612 1 852 3 160
66.8 68.3 65.4 72.4 68.1 66.0 68.1 63.5 71.4 71.2 66.3 72.4 65.9 65.7 66.9 67.3
31 048 9 302 2 553 2 325 654 452 1 090 841 1 121 265 21 746 305 16 223 589 1 702 2 927
2 181 557 154 155 37 21 59 53 67 12 1 624 26 1 190 24 151 233
6.6 5.6 5.7 6.2 5.3 4.4 5.1 5.9 5.7 4.4 6.9 7.7 6.8 3.9 8.1 7.4
50 546 14 790 4 266 3 468 1 039 730 1 759 1 436 1 697 395 35 755 465 26 768 946 2 800 4 777
33 648 10 057 2 774 2 522 703 483 1 178 912 1 203 282 23 591 333 17 552 616 1 856 3 234
66.6 68.0 65.0 72.7 67.7 66.2 67.0 63.5 70.9 71.4 66.0 71.6 65.6 65.1 66.3 67.7
31 663 9 549 2 637 2 383 670 462 1 126 860 1 140 271 22 114 308 16 460 596 1 719 3 032
1 985 509 137 139 33 21 51 52 63 11 1 476 25 1 092 20 138 201
5.9 5.1 5.0 5.5 4.7 4.4 4.3 5.7 5.2 3.9 6.3 7.5 6.2 3.3 7.4 6.2
Puerto Rico 2 ...........................
2 918
1 364
46.7
1 200
163
12.0
2 938
1 371
46.7
1 226
145
10.6
Note: Data refer to place of residence. Region and division data are derived from summing the component states. Sub-national data except for Puerto Rico incorporate updated Census 2000-based population controls. 1Due to separate processing and weighing procedures, totals for the United States differ from the results obtained by aggregating 2Data from Puerto Rico are derived from a monthly household survey similar to the Current Population Survey (CPS).
data for regions, divisions, or states.
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
23
Table 1-6. Civilian Noninstitutional Population by Sex, Race, Age, and Hispanic Origin, 1948–2004 (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Total 1948 ............................................ 1949 ............................................
103 068 103 994
8 449 8 215
4 265 4 139
4 185 4 079
94 618 95 778
11 530 11 312
22 610 22 822
20 097 20 401
16 771 17 002
12 885 13 201
10 720 11 035
1950 ............................................ 1951 ............................................ 1952 ............................................ 1953 ............................................ 1954 ............................................
104 995 104 621 105 231 107 056 108 321
8 143 7 865 7 922 8 014 8 224
4 076 4 096 4 234 4 241 4 336
4 068 3 771 3 689 3 773 3 889
96 851 96 755 97 305 99 041 100 095
11 080 10 167 9 389 8 960 8 885
23 013 22 843 23 044 23 266 23 304
20 681 20 863 21 137 21 922 22 135
17 240 17 464 17 716 17 991 18 305
13 469 13 692 13 889 13 830 14 085
11 363 11 724 12 126 13 075 13 375
1955 ............................................ 1956 ............................................ 1957 ............................................ 1958 ............................................ 1959 ............................................
109 683 110 954 112 265 113 727 115 329
8 364 8 434 8 612 8 986 9 618
4 440 4 482 4 587 4 872 5 337
3 925 3 953 4 026 4 114 4 282
101 318 102 518 103 653 104 737 105 711
9 036 9 271 9 486 9 733 9 975
23 249 23 072 22 849 22 563 22 201
22 348 22 567 22 786 23 025 23 207
18 643 19 012 19 424 19 832 20 203
14 309 14 516 14 727 14 923 15 134
13 728 14 075 14 376 14 657 14 985
1960 ............................................ 1961 ............................................ 1962 ............................................ 1963 ............................................ 1964 ............................................
117 245 118 771 120 153 122 416 124 485
10 187 10 513 10 652 11 370 12 111
5 573 5 462 5 503 6 301 6 974
4 615 5 052 5 150 5 070 5 139
107 056 108 255 109 500 111 045 112 372
10 273 10 583 10 852 11 464 12 017
21 998 21 829 21 503 21 400 21 367
23 437 23 585 23 797 23 948 23 940
20 601 20 893 20 916 21 144 21 452
15 409 15 675 15 874 16 138 16 442
15 336 15 685 16 554 16 945 17 150
1965 ............................................ 1966 ............................................ 1967 ............................................ 1968 ............................................ 1969 ............................................
126 513 128 058 129 874 132 028 134 335
12 930 13 592 13 480 13 698 14 095
6 936 6 914 7 003 7 200 7 422
5 995 6 679 6 480 6 499 6 673
113 582 114 463 116 391 118 328 120 238
12 442 12 638 13 421 13 891 14 488
21 417 21 543 22 057 22 912 23 645
23 832 23 579 23 313 23 036 22 709
21 728 21 977 22 256 22 534 22 806
16 727 17 007 17 310 17 614 17 930
17 432 17 715 18 029 18 338 18 657
1970 ............................................ 1971 ............................................ 1972 ............................................ 1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
137 085 140 216 144 126 147 096 150 120
14 519 15 022 15 510 15 840 16 180
7 643 7 849 8 076 8 227 8 373
6 876 7 173 7 435 7 613 7 809
122 566 125 193 128 614 131 253 133 938
15 323 16 345 17 143 17 692 17 994
24 435 25 337 26 740 28 172 29 439
22 489 22 274 22 358 22 287 22 461
23 059 23 244 23 338 23 431 23 578
18 250 18 581 19 007 19 281 19 517
19 007 19 406 20 023 20 389 20 945
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
153 153 156 150 159 033 161 910 164 863
16 418 16 614 16 688 16 695 16 657
8 419 8 442 8 482 8 484 8 389
7 999 8 171 8 206 8 211 8 268
136 733 139 536 142 345 145 216 148 205
18 595 19 109 19 582 20 007 20 353
30 710 31 953 33 117 34 091 35 261
22 526 22 796 23 296 24 099 24 861
23 535 23 409 23 197 22 977 22 752
19 844 20 185 20 557 20 875 21 210
21 525 22 083 22 597 23 166 23 767
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
167 745 170 130 172 271 174 215 176 383
16 543 16 214 15 763 15 274 14 735
8 279 8 068 7 714 7 385 7 196
8 264 8 145 8 049 7 889 7 538
151 202 153 916 156 508 158 941 161 648
20 635 20 820 20 845 20 799 20 688
36 558 37 777 38 492 39 147 39 999
25 578 26 291 27 611 28 932 30 251
22 563 22 422 22 264 22 167 22 226
21 520 21 756 21 909 22 003 22 052
24 350 24 850 25 387 25 892 26 433
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
178 206 180 587 182 753 184 613 186 393
14 506 14 496 14 606 14 527 14 223
7 232 7 386 7 501 7 284 6 886
7 274 7 110 7 104 7 243 7 338
163 700 166 091 168 147 170 085 172 169
20 097 19 569 18 970 18 434 18 025
40 670 41 731 42 297 42 611 42 845
31 379 32 550 33 755 34 784 35 977
22 418 22 732 23 183 24 004 24 744
22 140 22 011 21 835 21 641 21 406
26 997 27 497 28 108 28 612 29 173
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
189 164 190 925 192 805 194 838 196 814
14 520 14 073 13 840 13 935 14 196
6 893 6 901 6 907 7 010 7 245
7 626 7 173 6 933 6 925 6 951
174 644 176 852 178 965 180 903 182 619
18 902 18 963 18 846 18 642 18 353
42 976 42 688 42 278 41 771 41 306
37 719 39 116 39 852 40 733 41 534
25 081 25 709 27 206 28 549 29 778
20 719 20 675 20 604 20 574 20 635
29 247 29 700 30 179 30 634 31 012
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
198 584 200 591 203 133 205 220 207 753
14 511 14 934 15 365 15 644 16 040
7 407 7 678 7 861 7 895 8 060
7 104 7 256 7 504 7 749 7 979
184 073 185 656 187 769 189 576 191 713
17 864 17 409 17 442 17 593 17 968
40 798 40 252 39 559 38 778 37 976
42 254 43 086 43 883 44 299 44 635
30 974 32 167 33 391 34 373 35 587
20 735 20 990 21 505 22 296 23 064
31 448 31 751 31 989 32 237 32 484
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................ 2004 ............................................
212 577 215 092 217 570 221 168 223 357
15 912 15 929 15 994 16 096 16 222
7 978 8 020 8 099 8 561 8 574
7 934 7 909 7 895 7 535 7 648
196 664 199 164 201 576 205 072 207 134
18 311 18 877 19 348 19 801 20 197
38 703 38 505 38 472 39 021 38 939
44 312 44 195 43 894 43 746 43 226
37 642 38 904 39 711 40 522 41 245
24 230 25 011 26 343 27 728 28 919
33 466 33 672 33 808 34 253 34 609
24
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-6. Civilian Noninstitutional Population by Sex, Race, Age, and Hispanic Origin, 1948–2004 —Continued (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Men 1948 ............................................ 1949 ............................................
49 996 50 321
4 078 3 946
2 128 2 062
1 951 1 884
45 918 46 378
5 527 5 405
10 767 10 871
9 798 9 926
8 290 8 379
6 441 6 568
5 093 5 226
1950 ............................................ 1951 ............................................ 1952 ............................................ 1953 ............................................ 1954 ............................................
50 725 49 727 49 700 50 750 51 395
3 962 3 725 3 767 3 823 3 953
2 043 2 039 2 121 2 122 2 174
1 920 1 687 1 647 1 701 1 780
46 763 46 001 45 932 46 927 47 441
5 270 4 451 3 788 3 482 3 509
10 963 10 709 10 855 11 020 11 067
10 034 10 049 10 164 10 632 10 718
8 472 8 551 8 655 8 878 9 018
6 664 6 737 6 798 6 798 6 885
5 357 5 503 5 670 6 119 6 241
1955 ............................................ 1956 ............................................ 1957 ............................................ 1958 ............................................ 1959 ............................................
52 109 52 723 53 315 54 033 54 793
4 022 4 020 4 083 4 293 4 652
2 225 2 238 2 284 2 435 2 681
1 798 1 783 1 800 1 858 1 971
48 086 48 704 49 231 49 740 50 140
3 708 3 970 4 166 4 339 4 488
11 068 10 983 10 889 10 787 10 625
10 804 10 889 10 965 11 076 11 149
9 164 9 322 9 499 9 675 9 832
6 960 7 032 7 109 7 179 7 259
6 380 6 505 6 602 6 683 6 785
1960 ............................................ 1961 ............................................ 1962 ............................................ 1963 ............................................ 1964 ............................................
55 662 56 286 56 831 57 921 58 847
4 963 5 112 5 150 5 496 5 866
2 805 2 742 2 764 3 162 3 503
2 159 2 371 2 386 2 334 2 364
50 698 51 173 51 681 52 425 52 981
4 679 4 844 4 925 5 240 5 520
10 514 10 440 10 207 10 165 10 144
11 230 11 286 11 389 11 476 11 466
10 000 10 112 10 162 10 274 10 402
7 373 7 483 7 610 7 740 7 873
6 901 7 006 7 386 7 526 7 574
1965 ............................................ 1966 ............................................ 1967 ............................................ 1968 ............................................ 1969 ............................................
59 782 60 262 60 905 61 847 62 898
6 318 6 658 6 537 6 683 6 928
3 488 3 478 3 528 3 634 3 741
2 831 3 180 3 010 3 049 3 187
53 463 53 603 54 367 55 165 55 969
5 701 5 663 5 977 6 127 6 379
10 182 10 224 10 495 10 944 11 309
11 427 11 294 11 161 11 040 10 890
10 512 10 598 10 705 10 819 10 935
7 990 8 099 8 218 8 336 8 464
7 649 7 723 7 809 7 897 7 990
1970 ............................................ 1971 ............................................ 1972 ............................................ 1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
64 304 65 942 67 835 69 292 70 808
7 145 7 430 7 705 7 855 8 012
3 848 3 954 4 081 4 152 4 231
3 299 3 477 3 624 3 703 3 781
57 157 58 511 60 130 61 436 62 796
6 861 7 511 8 061 8 429 8 600
11 750 12 227 12 911 13 641 14 262
10 810 10 721 10 762 10 746 10 834
11 052 11 129 11 167 11 202 11 315
8 590 8 711 8 895 8 990 9 140
8 093 8 208 8 330 8 426 8 641
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
72 291 73 759 75 193 76 576 78 020
8 134 8 244 8 288 8 309 8 310
4 252 4 266 4 290 4 295 4 251
3 882 3 978 4 000 4 014 4 060
64 158 65 515 66 904 68 268 69 709
8 950 9 237 9 477 9 693 9 873
14 899 15 528 16 108 16 598 17 193
10 874 11 010 11 260 11 665 12 046
11 298 11 243 11 144 11 045 10 944
9 286 9 444 9 616 9 758 9 907
8 852 9 053 9 297 9 509 9 746
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
79 398 80 511 81 523 82 531 83 605
8 260 8 092 7 879 7 659 7 386
4 195 4 087 3 911 3 750 3 655
4 064 4 005 3 968 3 908 3 731
71 138 72 419 73 644 74 872 76 219
10 023 10 116 10 136 10 140 10 108
17 833 18 427 18 787 19 143 19 596
12 400 12 758 13 410 14 067 14 719
10 861 10 797 10 726 10 689 10 724
10 042 10 151 10 215 10 261 10 285
9 979 10 170 10 371 10 573 10 788
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
84 469 85 798 86 899 87 857 88 762
7 275 7 275 7 335 7 304 7 143
3 689 3 768 3 824 3 715 3 524
3 586 3 507 3 510 3 588 3 619
77 195 78 523 79 565 80 553 81 619
9 746 9 498 9 195 8 931 8 743
19 864 20 498 20 781 20 937 21 080
15 265 15 858 16 475 17 008 17 590
10 844 10 986 11 215 11 625 11 981
10 392 10 336 10 267 10 193 10 092
11 084 11 347 11 632 11 859 12 134
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
90 377 91 278 92 270 93 332 94 355
7 347 7 134 7 023 7 076 7 203
3 534 3 548 3 542 3 595 3 718
3 813 3 586 3 481 3 481 3 486
83 030 84 144 85 247 86 256 87 151
9 320 9 367 9 326 9 216 9 074
21 117 20 977 20 792 20 569 20 361
18 529 19 213 19 585 20 037 20 443
12 238 12 554 13 271 13 944 14 545
9 778 9 780 9 776 9 773 9 810
12 049 12 254 12 496 12 717 12 918
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
95 178 96 206 97 715 98 758 99 722
7 367 7 600 7 836 7 968 8 167
3 794 3 955 4 053 4 059 4 143
3 573 3 645 3 783 3 909 4 024
87 811 88 606 89 879 90 790 91 555
8 835 8 611 8 706 8 804 8 899
20 079 19 775 19 478 19 094 18 565
20 800 21 222 21 669 21 857 21 969
15 111 15 674 16 276 16 773 17 335
9 856 9 997 10 282 10 649 11 008
13 130 13 327 13 469 13 613 13 779
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................ 2004 ............................................
101 964 103 282 104 585 106 435 107 710
8 089 8 101 8 146 8 163 8 234
4 096 4 102 4 140 4 365 4 318
3 993 3 999 4 006 3 797 3 916
93 875 95 181 96 439 98 272 99 476
9 101 9 368 9 627 9 878 10 125
19 106 19 056 19 037 19 347 19 358
21 683 21 643 21 523 21 463 21 255
18 365 18 987 19 379 19 784 20 160
11 583 11 972 12 641 13 305 13 894
14 037 14 155 14 233 14 496 14 684
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
25
Table 1-6. Civilian Noninstitutional Population by Sex, Race, Age, and Hispanic Origin, 1948–2004 —Continued (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Women 1948 ............................................ 1949 ............................................
53 071 53 670
4 371 4 269
2 137 2 077
2 234 2 195
48 700 49 400
6 003 5 907
11 843 11 951
10 299 10 475
8 481 8 623
6 444 6 633
5 627 5 809
1950 ............................................ 1951 ............................................ 1952 ............................................ 1953 ............................................ 1954 ............................................
54 270 54 895 55 529 56 305 56 925
4 181 4 140 4 155 4 191 4 271
2 033 2 057 2 113 2 119 2 162
2 148 2 084 2 042 2 072 2 109
50 088 50 754 51 373 52 114 52 654
5 810 5 716 5 601 5 478 5 376
12 050 12 134 12 189 12 246 12 237
10 647 10 814 10 973 11 290 11 417
8 768 8 913 9 061 9 113 9 287
6 805 6 955 7 091 7 032 7 200
6 006 6 221 6 456 6 956 7 134
1955 ............................................ 1956 ............................................ 1957 ............................................ 1958 ............................................ 1959 ............................................
57 574 58 228 58 951 59 690 60 534
4 342 4 414 4 529 4 693 4 966
2 215 2 244 2 303 2 437 2 656
2 127 2 170 2 226 2 256 2 311
53 232 53 814 54 421 54 997 55 570
5 328 5 301 5 320 5 394 5 487
12 181 12 089 11 960 11 776 11 576
11 544 11 678 11 821 11 949 12 058
9 479 9 690 9 925 10 157 10 371
7 349 7 484 7 618 7 744 7 875
7 348 7 570 7 774 7 974 8 200
1960 ............................................ 1961 ............................................ 1962 ............................................ 1963 ............................................ 1964 ............................................
61 582 62 484 63 321 64 494 65 637
5 224 5 401 5 502 5 874 6 245
2 768 2 720 2 739 3 139 3 471
2 456 2 681 2 764 2 736 2 775
56 358 57 082 57 819 58 620 59 391
5 594 5 739 5 927 6 224 6 497
11 484 11 389 11 296 11 235 11 223
12 207 12 299 12 408 12 472 12 474
10 601 10 781 10 754 10 870 11 050
8 036 8 192 8 264 8 398 8 569
8 435 8 679 9 168 9 419 9 576
1965 ............................................ 1966 ............................................ 1967 ............................................ 1968 ............................................ 1969 ............................................
66 731 67 795 68 968 70 179 71 436
6 612 6 934 6 943 7 015 7 167
3 448 3 436 3 475 3 566 3 681
3 164 3 499 3 470 3 450 3 486
60 119 60 860 62 026 63 164 64 269
6 741 6 975 7 445 7 764 8 109
11 235 11 319 11 562 11 968 12 336
12 405 12 285 12 152 11 996 11 819
11 216 11 379 11 551 11 715 11 871
8 737 8 908 9 092 9 278 9 466
9 783 9 992 10 220 10 441 10 667
1970 ............................................ 1971 ............................................ 1972 ............................................ 1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
72 782 74 274 76 290 77 804 79 312
7 373 7 591 7 805 7 985 8 168
3 796 3 895 3 994 4 076 4 142
3 578 3 697 3 811 3 909 4 028
65 408 66 682 68 484 69 819 71 144
8 462 8 834 9 082 9 263 9 393
12 684 13 110 13 829 14 531 15 177
11 679 11 553 11 597 11 541 11 627
12 008 12 115 12 171 12 229 12 263
9 659 9 870 10 113 10 290 10 377
10 914 11 198 11 693 11 963 12 304
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
80 860 82 390 83 840 85 334 86 843
8 285 8 370 8 400 8 386 8 347
4 168 4 176 4 193 4 189 4 139
4 117 4 194 4 206 4 197 4 208
72 576 74 020 75 441 76 948 78 496
9 645 9 872 10 103 10 315 10 480
15 811 16 425 17 008 17 493 18 070
11 652 11 786 12 036 12 435 12 815
12 237 12 166 12 053 11 932 11 808
10 558 10 742 10 940 11 118 11 303
12 673 13 030 13 300 13 658 14 021
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
88 348 89 618 90 748 91 684 92 778
8 283 8 121 7 884 7 616 7 349
4 083 3 981 3 804 3 635 3 542
4 200 4 140 4 081 3 981 3 807
80 065 81 497 82 864 84 069 85 429
10 612 10 705 10 709 10 660 10 580
18 725 19 350 19 705 20 004 20 403
13 177 13 533 14 201 14 865 15 532
11 701 11 625 11 538 11 478 11 501
11 478 11 605 11 694 11 742 11 768
14 372 14 680 15 017 15 319 15 645
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
93 736 94 789 95 853 96 756 97 630
7 231 7 221 7 271 7 224 7 080
3 543 3 618 3 677 3 569 3 361
3 688 3 603 3 594 3 655 3 719
86 506 87 567 88 583 89 532 90 550
10 351 10 072 9 776 9 503 9 282
20 805 21 233 21 516 21 674 21 765
16 114 16 692 17 279 17 776 18 387
11 574 11 746 11 968 12 378 12 763
11 748 11 675 11 567 11 448 11 314
15 913 16 150 16 476 16 753 17 039
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
98 787 99 646 100 535 101 506 102 460
7 173 6 939 6 818 6 859 6 993
3 359 3 353 3 366 3 415 3 528
3 813 3 586 3 452 3 444 3 465
91 614 92 708 93 718 94 647 95 467
9 582 9 597 9 520 9 426 9 279
21 859 21 711 21 486 21 202 20 945
19 190 19 903 20 267 20 696 21 091
12 843 13 155 13 935 14 605 15 233
10 941 10 895 10 828 10 801 10 825
17 198 17 446 17 682 17 917 18 094
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
103 406 104 385 105 418 106 462 108 031
7 144 7 335 7 528 7 676 7 873
3 613 3 723 3 808 3 835 3 917
3 531 3 612 3 721 3 840 3 955
96 262 97 050 97 889 98 786 100 158
9 029 8 798 8 736 8 790 9 069
20 719 20 477 20 081 19 683 19 411
21 454 21 865 22 214 22 442 22 666
15 862 16 493 17 115 17 600 18 251
10 879 10 993 11 224 11 646 12 056
18 318 18 424 18 520 18 625 18 705
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................ 2004 ............................................
110 613 111 811 112 985 114 733 115 647
7 823 7 828 7 848 7 934 7 989
3 882 3 917 3 959 4 195 4 257
3 941 3 910 3 889 3 738 3 732
102 790 103 983 105 136 106 800 107 658
9 211 9 509 9 721 9 924 10 072
19 597 19 449 19 435 19 674 19 581
22 628 22 552 22 371 22 283 21 970
19 276 19 917 20 332 20 738 21 085
12 647 13 039 13 703 14 423 15 025
19 430 19 517 19 575 19 758 19 925
26
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-6. Civilian Noninstitutional Population by Sex, Race, Age, and Hispanic Origin, 1948–2004 —Continued (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
White1 1954 ............................................
97 705
7 180
3 786
3 394
90 524
7 794
20 818
19 915
16 569
12 993
12 438
1955 ............................................ 1956 ............................................ 1957 ............................................ 1958 ............................................ 1959 ............................................
98 880 99 976 101 119 102 392 103 803
7 292 7 346 7 505 7 843 8 430
3 874 3 908 4 007 4 271 4 707
3 419 3 438 3 498 3 573 3 725
91 586 92 629 93 612 94 547 95 370
7 912 8 106 8 293 8 498 8 697
20 742 20 564 20 342 20 063 19 715
20 110 20 314 20 514 20 734 20 893
16 869 17 198 17 562 17 924 18 257
13 169 13 341 13 518 13 681 13 858
12 785 13 105 13 383 13 645 13 951
1960 ............................................ 1961 ............................................ 1962 ............................................ 1963 ............................................ 1964 ............................................
105 282 106 604 107 715 109 705 111 534
8 924 9 211 9 343 9 978 10 616
4 909 4 785 4 818 5 549 6 137
4 016 4 427 4 526 4 430 4 481
96 355 97 390 98 371 99 725 100 916
8 927 9 203 9 484 10 069 10 568
19 470 19 289 18 974 18 867 18 838
21 049 21 169 21 293 21 398 21 375
18 578 18 845 18 872 19 082 19 360
14 070 14 304 14 450 14 681 14 957
14 260 14 581 15 297 15 629 15 816
1965 ............................................ 1966 ............................................ 1967 ............................................ 1968 ............................................ 1969 ............................................
113 284 114 566 116 100 117 948 119 913
11 319 11 862 11 682 11 840 12 179
6 049 5 993 6 051 6 225 6 418
5 271 5 870 5 632 5 616 5 761
101 963 102 702 104 417 106 107 107 733
10 935 11 094 11 797 12 184 12 677
18 882 18 989 19 464 20 245 20 892
21 258 21 005 20 745 20 474 20 156
19 604 19 822 20 067 20 310 20 546
15 215 15 469 15 745 16 018 16 305
16 070 16 322 16 602 16 875 17 156
1970 ............................................ 1971 ............................................ 1972 ............................................ 1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
122 174 124 758 127 906 130 097 132 417
12 521 12 937 13 301 13 533 13 784
6 591 6 750 6 910 7 021 7 114
5 931 6 189 6 392 6 512 6 671
109 652 111 821 114 603 116 563 118 632
13 359 14 208 14 897 15 264 15 502
21 546 22 295 23 555 24 685 25 711
19 929 19 694 19 673 19 532 19 628
20 760 20 907 20 950 20 991 21 061
16 591 16 884 17 250 17 484 17 645
17 469 17 833 18 278 18 607 19 085
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
134 790 137 106 139 380 141 612 143 894
13 941 14 055 14 095 14 060 13 994
7 132 7 125 7 150 7 132 7 029
6 808 6 930 6 944 6 928 6 964
120 849 123 050 125 285 127 552 129 900
15 980 16 368 16 728 17 038 17 284
26 746 27 757 28 703 29 453 30 371
19 641 19 827 20 231 20 932 21 579
20 981 20 816 20 575 20 322 20 058
17 918 18 220 18 540 18 799 19 071
19 587 20 064 20 508 21 007 21 538
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
146 122 147 908 149 441 150 805 152 347
13 854 13 516 13 076 12 623 12 147
6 912 6 704 6 383 6 089 5 918
6 943 6 813 6 693 6 534 6 228
132 268 134 392 136 366 138 183 140 200
17 484 17 609 17 579 17 492 17 304
31 407 32 367 32 863 33 286 33 889
22 174 22 778 23 910 25 027 26 124
19 837 19 666 19 478 19 349 19 348
19 316 19 485 19 591 19 625 19 629
22 050 22 487 22 945 23 403 23 906
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
153 679 155 432 156 958 158 194 159 338
11 900 11 879 11 939 11 838 11 530
5 922 6 036 6 110 5 893 5 506
5 978 5 843 5 829 5 945 6 023
141 780 143 553 145 020 146 357 147 809
16 853 16 353 15 808 15 276 14 879
34 450 35 293 35 667 35 876 35 951
27 100 28 062 29 036 29 818 30 774
19 405 19 587 19 965 20 652 21 287
19 620 19 477 19 242 18 996 18 743
24 352 24 780 25 301 25 739 26 175
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
160 625 161 759 162 972 164 289 165 555
11 630 11 200 11 004 11 078 11 264
5 464 5 451 5 478 5 562 5 710
6 166 5 749 5 526 5 516 5 554
148 996 150 558 151 968 153 210 154 291
15 538 15 516 15 354 15 087 14 708
35 661 35 342 34 885 34 365 33 865
31 739 32 854 33 305 33 919 34 582
21 535 22 052 23 364 24 456 25 435
18 204 18 074 17 951 17 892 17 924
26 319 26 721 27 108 27 493 27 776
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
166 914 168 317 169 993 171 478 173 085
11 468 11 822 12 181 12 439 12 700
5 822 6 026 6 213 6 264 6 342
5 646 5 796 5 968 6 176 6 358
155 446 156 495 157 812 159 039 160 385
14 313 13 907 13 983 14 138 14 394
33 355 32 852 32 091 31 286 30 516
35 222 35 810 36 325 36 610 36 755
26 418 27 403 28 388 29 132 30 048
17 986 18 136 18 511 19 231 19 855
28 153 28 387 28 514 28 642 28 818
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................ 2004 ............................................
176 220 178 111 179 783 181 292 182 643
12 535 12 556 12 596 12 527 12 599
6 264 6 291 6 346 6 629 6 561
6 271 6 265 6 250 5 898 6 038
163 685 165 556 167 187 168 765 170 045
14 552 15 001 15 360 15 536 15 817
30 948 30 770 30 676 30 789 30 585
36 261 36 113 35 750 35 352 34 845
31 550 32 475 33 012 33 466 34 005
20 757 21 434 22 540 23 589 24 549
29 617 29 762 29 849 30 033 30 245
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
27
Table 1-6. Civilian Noninstitutional Population by Sex, Race, Age, and Hispanic Origin, 1948–2004 —Continued (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Black1 1972 ............................................ 1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
14 526 14 917 15 329
2 018 2 095 2 137
1 061 1 095 1 122
956 1 000 1 014
12 508 12 823 13 192
2 027 2 132 2 137
2 809 2 957 3 103
2 329 2 333 2 382
2 139 2 156 2 202
1 601 1 616 1 679
1 605 1 628 1 689
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
15 751 16 196 16 605 16 970 17 397
2 191 2 264 2 273 2 270 2 276
1 146 1 165 1 175 1 169 1 167
1 046 1 098 1 097 1 101 1 109
13 560 13 932 14 332 14 701 15 121
2 228 2 303 2 400 2 483 2 556
3 258 3 412 3 566 3 717 3 899
2 395 2 435 2 493 2 547 2 615
2 211 2 220 2 225 2 226 2 240
1 717 1 736 1 765 1 794 1 831
1 755 1 826 1 883 1 932 1 980
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
17 824 18 219 18 584 18 925 19 348
2 289 2 288 2 252 2 225 2 161
1 171 1 161 1 119 1 092 1 056
1 119 1 127 1 134 1 133 1 105
15 535 15 931 16 332 16 700 17 187
2 606 2 642 2 697 2 734 2 783
4 095 4 290 4 438 4 607 4 789
2 687 2 758 2 887 2 999 3 167
2 249 2 260 2 263 2 260 2 288
1 870 1 913 1 935 1 964 1 977
2 030 2 069 2 113 2 135 2 183
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
19 664 19 989 20 352 20 692 21 021
2 160 2 137 2 163 2 179 2 176
1 083 1 090 1 123 1 130 1 116
1 077 1 048 1 040 1 049 1 060
17 504 17 852 18 189 18 513 18 846
2 649 2 625 2 578 2 527 2 479
4 873 5 026 5 139 5 234 5 308
3 290 3 410 3 563 3 716 3 900
2 372 2 413 2 460 2 524 2 587
2 060 2 079 2 097 2 110 2 118
2 259 2 298 2 352 2 402 2 454
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
21 477 21 799 22 147 22 521 22 879
2 238 2 187 2 155 2 181 2 211
1 101 1 085 1 086 1 113 1 168
1 138 1 102 1 069 1 069 1 044
19 239 19 612 19 992 20 339 20 668
2 554 2 585 2 615 2 600 2 616
5 407 5 419 5 404 5 409 5 362
4 328 4 538 4 722 4 886 5 038
2 618 2 682 2 809 2 941 3 084
1 970 1 985 1 996 2 016 2 045
2 362 2 403 2 446 2 487 2 524
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
23 246 23 604 24 003 24 373 24 855
2 284 2 356 2 412 2 443 2 479
1 198 1 238 1 255 1 241 1 250
1 086 1 118 1 158 1 202 1 229
20 962 21 248 21 591 21 930 22 376
2 554 2 519 2 515 2 546 2 615
5 337 5 311 5 279 5 221 5 197
5 178 5 290 5 410 5 510 5 609
3 244 3 408 3 571 3 735 3 919
2 079 2 110 2 164 2 224 2 295
2 571 2 609 2 653 2 695 2 741
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................ 2004 ............................................
24 902 25 138 25 578 25 686 26 065
2 389 2 388 2 416 2 382 2 423
1 205 1 212 1 235 1 309 1 350
1 183 1 176 1 181 1 074 1 072
22 513 22 750 23 162 23 304 23 643
2 611 2 686 2 779 2 773 2 821
5 089 5 003 5 015 4 978 5 020
5 488 5 467 5 460 5 387 5 335
4 168 4 343 4 513 4 628 4 739
2 407 2 478 2 571 2 692 2 827
2 750 2 775 2 823 2 846 2 899
Hispanic 1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
6 104 6 564
867 926
... ...
... ...
5 238 5 645
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
6 862 6 910 7 362 7 912 8 207
962 953 1 024 1 076 1 095
... 494 513 561 544
... 480 508 515 551
5 900 6 075 6 376 6 836 7 113
... 1 053 1 163 1 265 1 296
... 1 775 1 869 2 004 2 117
... 1 261 1 283 1 378 1 458
... 936 989 1 033 1 015
... 570 587 627 659
... 479 485 529 566
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
9 598 10 120 10 580 11 029 11 478
1 281 1 301 1 307 1 304 1 300
638 641 639 635 633
643 660 668 670 667
8 317 8 819 9 273 9 725 10 178
1 564 1 650 1 724 1 790 1 839
2 508 2 698 2 871 3 045 3 224
1 575 1 680 1 779 1 883 1 996
1 190 1 231 1 264 1 298 1 336
782 832 880 928 973
698 728 755 781 810
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
11 915 12 344 12 867 13 325 13 791
1 298 1 302 1 332 1 354 1 399
638 658 651 662 672
661 644 681 692 727
10 617 11 042 11 536 11 970 12 392
1 864 1 899 1 910 1 948 1 950
3 401 3 510 3 714 3 807 3 953
2 117 2 239 2 464 2 565 2 658
1 377 1 496 1 492 1 571 1 649
1 015 1 023 1 061 1 159 1 182
843 875 895 920 1 001
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
15 904 16 425 16 961 17 532 18 117
1 737 1 732 1 737 1 756 1 818
821 819 836 855 902
915 913 901 901 916
14 167 14 693 15 224 15 776 16 300
2 428 2 481 2 444 2 487 2 518
4 589 4 674 4 806 4 887 5 000
3 001 3 243 3 458 3 632 3 756
1 817 1 879 1 980 2 094 2 223
1 247 1 283 1 321 1 324 1 401
1 084 1 134 1 216 1 353 1 401
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
18 629 19 213 20 321 21 070 21 650
1 872 1 948 2 121 2 204 2 307
903 962 1 088 1 070 1 113
969 986 1 033 1 135 1 194
16 757 17 265 18 200 18 865 19 344
2 528 2 524 2 623 2 731 2 700
5 050 5 181 5 405 5 447 5 512
3 965 4 227 4 453 4 636 4 833
2 294 2 275 2 581 2 775 2 868
1 483 1 546 1 580 1 615 1 713
1 437 1 512 1 558 1 662 1 718
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................ 2004 ............................................
23 938 24 942 25 963 27 551 28 109
2 523 2 508 2 507 2 543 2 608
1 214 1 173 1 216 1 346 1 337
1 309 1 334 1 291 1 197 1 270
21 415 22 435 23 456 25 008 25 502
3 255 3 417 3 508 3 533 3 666
6 466 6 726 7 010 7 506 7 470
5 189 5 346 5 606 6 003 6 055
3 061 3 339 3 494 3 845 3 987
1 736 1 816 1 953 2 093 2 208
1 708 1 792 1 885 2 027 2 115
1Beginning in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race. . . . = Not available.
28
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-6. Civilian Noninstitutional Population by Sex, Race, Age, and Hispanic Origin, 1948–2004 —Continued (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
White Men1 1954 ............................................
46 462
3 455
1 902
1 553
43 007
3 074
9 948
9 688
8 172
6 341
5 787
1955 ............................................ 1956 ............................................ 1957 ............................................ 1958 ............................................ 1959 ............................................
47 076 47 602 48 119 48 745 49 408
3 507 3 500 3 556 3 747 4 079
1 945 1 955 2 000 2 140 2 370
1 563 1 546 1 557 1 607 1 710
43 569 44 102 44 563 44 998 45 329
3 241 3 464 3 638 3 783 3 903
9 936 9 851 9 758 9 656 9 499
9 768 9 848 9 917 10 018 10 081
8 303 8 446 8 605 8 765 8 909
6 398 6 455 6 518 6 574 6 639
5 923 6 038 6 127 6 203 6 298
1960 ............................................ 1961 ............................................ 1962 ............................................ 1963 ............................................ 1964 ............................................
50 065 50 608 51 054 52 031 52 869
4 349 4 479 4 520 4 827 5 148
2 476 2 407 2 426 2 792 3 090
1 874 2 073 2 094 2 036 2 059
45 716 46 129 46 534 47 204 47 721
4 054 4 204 4 306 4 610 4 862
9 373 9 290 9 080 9 039 9 024
10 131 10 178 10 239 10 309 10 301
9 042 9 148 9 191 9 297 9 417
6 721 6 819 6 917 7 031 7 153
6 395 6 490 6 801 6 919 6 963
1965 ............................................ 1966 ............................................ 1967 ............................................ 1968 ............................................ 1969 ............................................
53 681 54 061 54 608 55 434 56 348
5 541 5 820 5 671 5 787 6 005
3 050 3 023 3 058 3 153 3 246
2 492 2 798 2 613 2 635 2 759
48 140 48 241 48 937 49 647 50 343
5 017 4 974 5 257 5 376 5 589
9 056 9 085 9 339 9 752 10 074
10 262 10 136 10 013 9 902 9 760
9 516 9 592 9 688 9 790 9 895
7 261 7 362 7 474 7 585 7 705
7 028 7 092 7 167 7 242 7 320
1970 ............................................ 1971 ............................................ 1972 ............................................ 1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
57 516 58 900 60 473 61 577 62 791
6 179 6 420 6 627 6 737 6 851
3 329 3 412 3 503 3 555 3 604
2 851 3 008 3 125 3 182 3 247
51 336 52 481 53 845 54 842 55 942
5 988 6 546 7 042 7 312 7 476
10 441 10 841 11 495 12 075 12 599
9 678 9 578 9 568 9 514 9 564
9 999 10 066 10 078 10 099 10 165
7 822 7 933 8 089 8 178 8 288
7 409 7 517 7 573 7 664 7 849
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
63 981 65 132 66 301 67 401 68 547
6 929 6 993 7 024 7 022 7 007
3 609 3 609 3 625 3 619 3 568
3 320 3 384 3 399 3 404 3 439
57 052 58 138 59 278 60 378 61 540
7 766 7 987 8 175 8 335 8 470
13 131 13 655 14 139 14 528 15 008
9 578 9 674 9 880 10 236 10 563
10 134 10 063 9 957 9 845 9 730
8 413 8 556 8 708 8 826 8 949
8 031 8 203 8 420 8 608 8 820
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
69 634 70 480 71 211 71 922 72 723
6 941 6 764 6 556 6 340 6 113
3 508 3 401 3 249 3 098 3 019
3 433 3 363 3 307 3 242 3 094
62 694 63 715 64 655 65 581 66 610
8 581 8 644 8 621 8 597 8 522
15 529 16 005 16 260 16 499 16 816
10 863 11 171 11 756 12 314 12 853
9 636 9 560 9 463 9 408 9 434
9 059 9 139 9 188 9 208 9 217
9 027 9 195 9 367 9 556 9 768
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
73 373 74 390 75 189 75 855 76 468
5 987 5 977 6 015 5 968 5 813
3 026 3 084 3 125 3 015 2 817
2 961 2 894 2 890 2 953 2 996
67 386 68 413 69 175 69 887 70 654
8 246 8 002 7 729 7 473 7 279
17 042 17 564 17 754 17 867 17 908
13 337 13 840 14 338 14 743 15 237
9 488 9 578 9 771 10 114 10 434
9 262 9 201 9 101 9 001 8 900
10 010 10 229 10 481 10 688 10 897
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
77 369 77 977 78 651 79 371 80 059
5 913 5 704 5 611 5 650 5 748
2 809 2 805 2 819 2 862 2 938
3 103 2 899 2 792 2 788 2 810
71 457 72 274 73 040 73 721 74 311
7 764 7 748 7 676 7 545 7 357
17 766 17 615 17 403 17 158 16 915
15 770 16 340 16 579 16 900 17 247
10 598 10 856 11 513 12 058 12 545
8 680 8 640 8 602 8 590 8 618
10 879 11 074 11 268 11 470 11 629
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
80 733 81 489 82 577 83 352 83 930
5 854 6 035 6 257 6 386 6 498
2 995 3 099 3 209 3 233 3 266
2 859 2 936 3 048 3 153 3 232
74 879 75 454 76 320 76 966 77 432
7 163 6 971 7 087 7 170 7 244
16 653 16 395 16 043 15 644 15 150
17 567 17 868 18 163 18 310 18 340
13 028 13 518 14 030 14 400 14 834
8 653 8 734 8 929 9 286 9 581
11 815 11 968 12 067 12 155 12 283
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................ 2004 ............................................
85 370 86 452 87 361 88 249 89 044
6 404 6 422 6 439 6 390 6 429
3 224 3 229 3 251 3 378 3 301
3 181 3 194 3 189 3 012 3 129
78 966 80 029 80 922 81 860 82 615
7 329 7 564 7 750 7 856 8 024
15 528 15 486 15 470 15 569 15 486
18 003 17 960 17 792 17 620 17 404
15 578 16 047 16 317 16 555 16 834
10 028 10 369 10 918 11 442 11 922
12 501 12 604 12 676 12 818 12 946
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
29
Table 1-6. Civilian Noninstitutional Population by Sex, Race, Age, and Hispanic Origin, 1948–2004 —Continued (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
White Women1 1954 ............................................
51 242
3 725
1 884
1 841
47 517
4 720
10 870
10 227
8 397
6 652
6 651
1955 ............................................ 1956 ............................................ 1957 ............................................ 1958 ............................................ 1959 ............................................
51 802 52 373 52 998 53 645 54 392
3 785 3 846 3 949 4 096 4 351
1 929 1 953 2 007 2 131 2 337
1 856 1 892 1 941 1 966 2 015
48 017 48 527 49 049 49 549 50 041
4 671 4 642 4 655 4 715 4 794
10 806 10 713 10 584 10 407 10 216
10 342 10 466 10 597 10 716 10 812
8 566 8 752 8 957 9 159 9 348
6 771 6 886 7 000 7 107 7 219
6 862 7 067 7 256 7 442 7 653
1960 ............................................ 1961 ............................................ 1962 ............................................ 1963 ............................................ 1964 ............................................
55 214 55 993 56 660 57 672 58 663
4 575 4 732 4 823 5 151 5 468
2 433 2 378 2 392 2 757 3 047
2 142 2 354 2 432 2 394 2 422
50 639 51 261 51 837 52 521 53 195
4 873 4 999 5 178 5 459 5 706
10 097 9 999 9 894 9 828 9 814
10 918 10 991 11 054 11 089 11 074
9 536 9 697 9 681 9 785 9 943
7 349 7 485 7 533 7 650 7 804
7 865 8 091 8 496 8 710 8 853
1965 ............................................ 1966 ............................................ 1967 ............................................ 1968 ............................................ 1969 ............................................
59 601 60 503 61 491 62 512 63 563
5 778 6 042 6 011 6 053 6 174
2 999 2 970 2 993 3 072 3 172
2 779 3 072 3 019 2 981 3 002
53 823 54 461 55 480 56 460 57 390
5 918 6 120 6 540 6 809 7 089
9 826 9 904 10 125 10 493 10 818
10 996 10 869 10 732 10 572 10 396
10 088 10 230 10 379 10 520 10 651
7 954 8 107 8 271 8 433 8 600
9 042 9 230 9 435 9 633 9 836
1970 ............................................ 1971 ............................................ 1972 ............................................ 1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
64 656 65 857 67 431 68 517 69 623
6 342 6 518 6 673 6 796 6 933
3 262 3 338 3 407 3 466 3 510
3 080 3 180 3 267 3 331 3 424
58 315 59 340 60 758 61 721 62 690
7 370 7 662 7 855 7 951 8 026
11 105 11 454 12 060 12 610 13 112
10 251 10 117 10 105 10 018 10 064
10 761 10 841 10 872 10 891 10 896
8 769 8 951 9 161 9 306 9 356
10 060 10 315 10 705 10 943 11 236
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
70 810 71 974 73 077 74 213 75 347
7 011 7 062 7 071 7 038 6 987
3 523 3 516 3 525 3 513 3 460
3 488 3 546 3 545 3 524 3 527
63 798 64 912 66 007 67 174 68 360
8 214 8 381 8 553 8 704 8 815
13 615 14 102 14 564 14 926 15 363
10 063 10 153 10 351 10 696 11 017
10 847 10 752 10 618 10 476 10 327
9 505 9 664 9 832 9 974 10 122
11 556 11 860 12 088 12 399 12 717
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
76 489 77 428 78 230 78 884 79 624
6 914 6 752 6 519 6 282 6 034
3 403 3 303 3 134 2 991 2 899
3 511 3 449 3 385 3 292 3 135
69 575 70 677 71 711 72 601 73 590
8 904 8 965 8 959 8 895 8 782
15 878 16 362 16 603 16 788 17 073
11 313 11 606 12 154 12 714 13 271
10 201 10 106 10 015 9 941 9 914
10 256 10 346 10 402 10 418 10 412
13 022 13 292 13 579 13 847 14 138
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
80 306 81 042 81 769 82 340 82 871
5 912 5 902 5 924 5 869 5 716
2 895 2 953 2 985 2 878 2 690
3 017 2 949 2 939 2 991 3 027
74 394 75 140 75 845 76 470 77 154
8 607 8 351 8 079 7 804 7 600
17 409 17 728 17 913 18 009 18 043
13 762 14 223 14 698 15 074 15 537
9 917 10 009 10 194 10 537 10 853
10 358 10 277 10 141 9 994 9 843
14 342 14 551 14 820 15 052 15 278
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
83 256 83 781 84 321 84 918 85 496
5 717 5 497 5 393 5 428 5 516
2 654 2 646 2 659 2 700 2 772
3 063 2 850 2 734 2 728 2 744
77 539 78 285 78 928 79 490 79 980
7 774 7 768 7 678 7 542 7 351
17 895 17 726 17 482 17 206 16 950
15 969 16 514 16 727 17 019 17 335
10 937 11 196 11 851 12 398 12 890
9 524 9 435 9 350 9 302 9 306
15 440 15 647 15 841 16 023 16 148
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
86 181 86 828 87 417 88 126 89 156
5 614 5 787 5 924 6 053 6 202
2 827 2 927 3 004 3 031 3 076
2 787 2 860 2 920 3 023 3 127
80 567 81 041 81 492 82 073 82 953
7 150 6 936 6 896 6 969 7 150
16 702 16 457 16 047 15 642 15 366
17 654 17 943 18 162 18 300 18 415
13 390 13 884 14 357 14 732 15 214
9 333 9 402 9 582 9 944 10 274
16 337 16 419 16 447 16 486 16 536
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................ 2004 ............................................
90 850 91 660 92 422 93 043 93 599
6 131 6 134 6 157 6 137 6 169
3 041 3 062 3 096 3 251 3 260
3 090 3 071 3 061 2 886 2 909
84 718 85 526 86 266 86 905 87 430
7 223 7 438 7 611 7 680 7 794
15 420 15 284 15 207 15 220 15 099
18 258 18 153 17 958 17 731 17 441
15 972 16 428 16 695 16 911 17 170
10 729 11 065 11 622 12 147 12 627
17 116 17 158 17 173 17 216 17 299
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
30
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-6. Civilian Noninstitutional Population by Sex, Race, Age, and Hispanic Origin, 1948–2004 —Continued (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Black Men1 1972 ............................................ 1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
6 538 6 704 6 875
978 1 007 1 027
525 539 554
453 468 471
5 559 5 697 5 848
921 979 956
1 251 1 327 1 381
1 026 1 027 1 055
963 962 997
720 718 753
679 684 707
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
7 060 7 265 7 431 7 577 7 761
1 051 1 099 1 102 1 093 1 100
565 579 586 579 581
486 518 516 514 519
6 009 6 167 6 329 6 484 6 661
1 002 1 036 1 080 1 120 1 151
1 452 1 521 1 589 1 657 1 738
1 060 1 077 1 102 1 128 1 159
997 999 998 995 998
769 774 786 794 809
730 756 774 789 804
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
7 944 8 117 8 283 8 447 8 654
1 110 1 110 1 097 1 087 1 055
583 577 556 542 524
526 534 542 545 531
6 834 7 007 7 186 7 360 7 599
1 171 1 189 1 225 1 254 1 292
1 828 1 914 1 983 2 068 2 164
1 191 1 224 1 282 1 333 1 411
999 1 003 1 003 1 000 1 012
825 844 848 857 858
822 835 846 847 861
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
8 790 8 956 9 128 9 289 9 439
1 059 1 049 1 065 1 074 1 075
543 548 566 569 575
517 503 499 505 501
7 731 7 907 8 063 8 215 8 364
1 202 1 195 1 173 1 151 1 128
2 180 2 264 2 320 2 367 2 403
1 462 1 517 1 587 1 656 1 741
1 060 1 072 1 092 1 121 1 145
924 934 944 951 956
902 924 947 970 989
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
9 573 9 725 9 896 10 083 10 258
1 094 1 072 1 056 1 075 1 087
555 546 544 559 586
540 526 512 516 501
8 479 8 652 8 840 9 008 9 171
1 144 1 168 1 194 1 181 1 207
2 412 2 417 2 409 2 425 2 399
1 968 2 060 2 150 2 228 2 300
1 183 1 211 1 268 1 330 1 392
855 864 868 874 889
917 933 951 969 985
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
10 411 10 575 10 763 10 927 11 143
1 131 1 161 1 188 1 201 1 218
601 623 634 623 628
530 538 553 578 589
9 280 9 414 9 575 9 727 9 926
1 161 1 154 1 153 1 166 1 197
2 388 2 373 2 363 2 335 2 321
2 362 2 413 2 471 2 520 2 566
1 462 1 534 1 607 1 682 1 765
901 914 936 956 986
1 006 1 025 1 045 1 068 1 091
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................ 2004 ............................................
11 129 11 172 11 391 11 454 11 656
1 178 1 179 1 195 1 176 1 195
605 606 615 661 680
572 573 580 515 516
9 952 9 993 10 196 10 278 10 461
1 195 1 224 1 281 1 291 1 326
2 277 2 212 2 223 2 210 2 242
2 471 2 440 2 437 2 401 2 382
1 889 1 960 2 042 2 094 2 150
1 067 1 096 1 137 1 189 1 250
1 053 1 060 1 075 1 093 1 111
Black Women1 1972 ............................................ 1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
7 988 8 214 8 454
1 040 1 088 1 110
536 556 567
503 532 542
6 948 7 126 7 344
1 106 1 153 1 181
1 558 1 631 1 723
1 302 1 306 1 327
1 176 1 194 1 206
881 898 926
925 944 981
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
8 691 8 931 9 174 9 394 9 636
1 141 1 165 1 171 1 177 1 176
581 585 590 589 586
560 580 581 588 589
7 550 7 765 8 003 8 217 8 460
1 226 1 266 1 320 1 363 1 405
1 806 1 890 1 978 2 061 2 160
1 334 1 357 1 390 1 419 1 455
1 213 1 220 1 228 1 231 1 242
948 962 979 999 1 022
1 025 1 070 1 108 1 143 1 176
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
9 880 10 102 10 300 10 477 10 694
1 180 1 178 1 155 1 138 1 106
587 584 563 550 532
593 593 592 588 574
8 700 8 924 9 146 9 340 9 588
1 435 1 453 1 472 1 480 1 491
2 267 2 376 2 455 2 539 2 625
1 496 1 534 1 605 1 666 1 756
1 250 1 257 1 260 1 260 1 276
1 045 1 069 1 087 1 107 1 119
1 208 1 234 1 267 1 288 1 322
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
10 873 11 033 11 224 11 402 11 582
1 101 1 088 1 098 1 105 1 100
540 542 557 561 541
560 545 541 544 559
9 773 9 945 10 126 10 298 10 482
1 447 1 430 1 405 1 376 1 351
2 693 2 762 2 819 2 867 2 905
1 828 1 893 1 976 2 060 2 159
1 312 1 341 1 368 1 403 1 441
1 136 1 145 1 153 1 159 1 162
1 357 1 374 1 405 1 432 1 464
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
11 904 12 074 12 251 12 438 12 621
1 144 1 115 1 099 1 106 1 125
546 539 542 554 582
598 576 557 552 543
10 760 10 959 11 152 11 332 11 496
1 410 1 417 1 421 1 419 1 410
2 995 3 003 2 995 2 983 2 963
2 360 2 478 2 573 2 659 2 738
1 435 1 471 1 542 1 611 1 692
1 114 1 121 1 127 1 142 1 156
1 446 1 470 1 495 1 518 1 538
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
12 835 13 029 13 241 13 446 13 711
1 153 1 195 1 225 1 243 1 261
597 615 620 618 621
556 580 604 624 640
11 682 11 833 12 016 12 203 12 451
1 392 1 364 1 362 1 380 1 418
2 948 2 938 2 916 2 886 2 876
2 816 2 877 2 939 2 991 3 043
1 782 1 874 1 964 2 053 2 153
1 178 1 196 1 228 1 268 1 310
1 565 1 584 1 608 1 626 1 650
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................ 2004 ............................................
13 772 13 966 14 187 14 232 14 409
1 211 1 209 1 221 1 206 1 227
600 606 620 648 670
611 603 601 558 557
12 561 12 758 12 966 13 026 13 182
1 416 1 462 1 498 1 482 1 495
2 812 2 790 2 792 2 768 2 778
3 017 3 026 3 023 2 986 2 954
2 279 2 383 2 471 2 534 2 590
1 340 1 382 1 434 1 504 1 577
1 697 1 714 1 747 1 753 1 789
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
31
Table 1-6. Civilian Noninstitutional Population by Sex, Race, Age, and Hispanic Origin, 1948–2004 —Continued (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
16 years and over
16 to 17 years
Total
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Hispanic Men 1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
2 891 3 130
... ...
... ...
... ...
2 472 2 680
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
3 219 3 241 3 483 3 750 3 917
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
2 741 2 764 2 982 3 228 3 362
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
4 689 4 968 5 203 5 432 5 661
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
4 036 4 306 4 539 4 771 5 005
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
5 885 6 106 6 371 6 604 6 825
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
5 232 5 451 5 700 5 921 6 114
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
8 041 8 296 8 553 8 824 9 104
... ... ... ... 926
... ... ... ... 472
... ... ... ... 454
7 126 7 392 7 655 7 930 8 178
... ... ... ... 1 346
... ... ... ... 2 627
... ... ... ... 1 871
... ... ... ... 1 076
... ... ... ... 644
... ... ... ... 614
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
9 329 9 604 10 368 10 734 10 713
954 992 1 119 1 161 1 190
481 485 585 586 571
473 507 534 575 619
8 375 8 611 9 250 9 573 9 523
1 337 1 321 1 439 1 462 1 398
2 657 2 692 2 872 2 907 2 805
1 966 2 144 2 275 2 377 2 407
1 127 1 111 1 266 1 342 1 397
668 712 747 771 767
619 630 651 714 749
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................ 2004 ............................................
12 174 12 695 13 221 14 098 14 417
1 333 1 310 1 293 1 301 1 336
640 619 615 674 664
693 690 678 627 672
10 841 11 386 11 928 12 797 13 082
1 784 1 846 1 890 1 905 1 981
3 380 3 529 3 727 4 033 4 024
2 626 2 765 2 875 3 098 3 147
1 527 1 650 1 716 1 910 1 990
799 848 902 989 1 046
725 749 817 862 894
Hispanic Women 1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
3 213 3 434
... ...
... ...
... ...
2 766 2 959
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
3 644 3 669 3 879 4 159 4 291
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
3 161 3 263 3 377 3 608 3 751
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
4 909 5 151 5 377 5 597 5 816
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
4 281 4 513 4 734 4 954 5 173
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
6 029 6 238 6 496 6 721 6 965
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
5 385 5 591 5 835 6 050 6 278
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
7 863 8 130 8 408 8 708 9 014
... ... ... ... 892
... ... ... ... 430
... ... ... ... 462
7 041 7 301 7 569 7 846 8 122
... ... ... ... 1 173
... ... ... ... 2 373
... ... ... ... 1 885
... ... ... ... 1 147
... ... ... ... 757
... ... ... ... 787
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
9 300 9 610 9 953 10 335 10 937
918 956 1 003 1 044 1 116
422 477 503 483 542
496 479 500 560 575
8 382 8 654 8 950 9 292 9 821
1 191 1 203 1 184 1 269 1 302
2 393 2 489 2 533 2 539 2 707
1 999 2 082 2 178 2 259 2 425
1 167 1 164 1 315 1 433 1 470
815 834 833 844 947
818 882 907 948 969
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................ 2004 ............................................
11 764 12 247 12 742 13 452 13 692
1 190 1 198 1 214 1 242 1 272
574 554 601 672 674
616 644 613 570 598
10 574 11 049 11 528 12 211 12 420
1 471 1 571 1 617 1 628 1 685
3 086 3 198 3 283 3 473 3 447
2 564 2 581 2 732 2 905 2 908
1 534 1 689 1 777 1 935 1 997
937 968 1 051 1 105 1 162
982 1 043 1 068 1 166 1 221
Note: Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. . . . = Not available.
32
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-7. Civilian Labor Force by Sex, Race, Age, and Hispanic Origin, 1948–2004 (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Total 1948 ............................................ 1949 ............................................
60 621 61 286
4 435 4 288
1 780 1 704
2 654 2 583
56 187 57 000
7 392 7 340
14 258 14 415
13 397 13 711
10 914 11 107
7 329 7 426
2 897 3 010
1950 ............................................ 1951 ............................................ 1952 ............................................ 1953 ............................................ 1954 ............................................
62 208 62 017 62 138 63 015 63 643
4 216 4 103 4 064 4 027 3 976
1 659 1 743 1 806 1 727 1 643
2 557 2 360 2 257 2 299 2 300
57 994 57 914 58 075 58 989 59 666
7 307 6 594 5 840 5 481 5 475
14 619 14 668 14 904 14 898 14 983
13 954 14 100 14 383 15 099 15 221
11 444 11 739 11 961 12 249 12 524
7 633 7 796 7 980 8 024 8 269
3 036 3 020 3 005 3 236 3 192
1955 ............................................ 1956 ............................................ 1957 ............................................ 1958 ............................................ 1959 ............................................
65 023 66 552 66 929 67 639 68 369
4 092 4 296 4 275 4 260 4 492
1 711 1 878 1 843 1 818 1 971
2 382 2 418 2 433 2 442 2 522
60 931 62 257 62 653 63 377 63 876
5 666 5 940 6 071 6 272 6 413
15 058 14 961 14 826 14 668 14 435
15 400 15 694 15 847 16 028 16 127
12 992 13 407 13 768 14 179 14 518
8 513 8 830 8 853 9 031 9 227
3 305 3 423 3 290 3 199 3 158
1960 ............................................ 1961 ............................................ 1962 ............................................ 1963 ............................................ 1964 ............................................
69 628 70 459 70 614 71 833 73 091
4 841 4 936 4 916 5 139 5 388
2 095 1 984 1 919 2 171 2 449
2 747 2 951 2 997 2 966 2 940
64 788 65 524 65 699 66 695 67 702
6 702 6 950 7 082 7 473 7 963
14 382 14 319 14 023 14 050 14 056
16 269 16 402 16 589 16 788 16 771
14 852 15 071 15 096 15 338 15 637
9 385 9 636 9 757 10 006 10 182
3 195 3 146 3 154 3 041 3 090
1965 ............................................ 1966 ............................................ 1967 ............................................ 1968 ............................................ 1969 ............................................
74 455 75 770 77 347 78 737 80 734
5 910 6 558 6 521 6 619 6 970
2 486 2 664 2 734 2 817 3 009
3 425 3 893 3 786 3 803 3 959
68 543 69 219 70 825 72 118 73 763
8 259 8 410 9 010 9 305 9 879
14 233 14 458 15 055 15 708 16 336
16 840 16 738 16 703 16 591 16 458
15 756 15 984 16 172 16 397 16 730
10 350 10 575 10 792 10 964 11 135
3 108 3 053 3 097 3 153 3 227
1970 ............................................ 1971 ............................................ 1972 ............................................ 1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
82 771 84 382 87 034 89 429 91 949
7 249 7 470 8 054 8 507 8 871
3 135 3 192 3 420 3 665 3 810
4 115 4 278 4 636 4 839 5 059
75 521 76 913 78 980 80 924 83 080
10 597 11 331 12 130 12 846 13 314
17 036 17 714 18 960 20 376 21 654
16 437 16 305 16 398 16 492 16 763
16 949 17 024 16 967 16 983 17 131
11 283 11 390 11 412 11 256 11 284
3 222 3 149 3 114 2 974 2 934
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
93 775 96 158 99 009 102 251 104 962
8 870 9 056 9 351 9 652 9 638
3 740 3 767 3 919 4 127 4 079
5 131 5 288 5 431 5 526 5 559
84 904 87 103 89 658 92 598 95 325
13 750 14 284 14 825 15 370 15 769
22 864 24 203 25 500 26 703 27 938
16 903 17 317 17 943 18 821 19 685
17 084 16 982 16 878 16 891 16 897
11 346 11 422 11 577 11 744 11 931
2 956 2 895 2 934 3 070 3 104
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
106 940 108 670 110 204 111 550 113 544
9 378 8 988 8 526 8 171 7 943
3 883 3 647 3 336 3 073 3 050
5 496 5 340 5 189 5 098 4 894
97 561 99 682 101 679 103 379 105 601
15 922 16 099 16 082 16 052 16 046
29 227 30 392 31 186 31 834 32 723
20 463 21 211 22 431 23 611 24 933
16 910 16 970 16 889 16 851 17 006
11 985 11 969 12 062 11 992 11 961
3 054 3 042 3 030 3 040 2 933
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
115 461 117 834 119 865 121 669 123 869
7 901 7 926 7 988 8 031 7 954
3 154 3 287 3 384 3 286 3 125
4 747 4 639 4 604 4 745 4 828
107 560 109 908 111 878 113 638 115 916
15 718 15 441 14 977 14 505 14 180
33 550 34 591 35 233 35 503 35 896
26 073 27 232 28 460 29 435 30 601
17 322 17 739 18 210 19 104 19 916
11 991 11 894 11 877 11 808 11 877
2 907 3 010 3 119 3 284 3 446
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
125 840 126 346 128 105 129 200 131 056
7 792 7 265 7 096 7 170 7 481
2 937 2 789 2 769 2 831 3 134
4 856 4 476 4 327 4 338 4 347
118 047 119 082 121 009 122 030 123 576
14 700 14 548 14 521 14 354 14 131
35 929 35 507 35 369 34 780 34 353
32 145 33 312 33 899 34 562 35 226
20 248 20 828 22 160 23 296 24 318
11 575 11 473 11 587 11 599 11 713
3 451 3 413 3 473 3 439 3 834
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
132 304 133 943 136 297 137 673 139 368
7 765 7 806 7 932 8 256 8 333
3 225 3 263 3 237 3 335 3 337
4 540 4 543 4 695 4 921 4 996
124 539 126 137 128 365 129 417 131 034
13 688 13 377 13 532 13 638 13 933
34 198 33 833 33 380 32 813 32 143
35 751 36 556 37 326 37 536 37 882
25 223 26 397 27 574 28 368 29 388
11 860 12 146 12 665 13 215 13 682
3 819 3 828 3 887 3 847 4 005
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................ 2004 ............................................
142 583 143 734 144 863 146 510 147 401
8 271 7 902 7 585 7 170 7 114
3 261 3 088 2 870 2 857 2 747
5 010 4 814 4 715 4 313 4 367
134 312 135 832 137 278 139 340 140 287
14 250 14 557 14 781 14 928 15 154
32 755 32 361 32 196 32 343 32 207
37 567 37 404 36 926 36 695 36 158
31 071 32 025 32 597 33 270 33 758
14 356 15 104 16 309 17 312 18 013
4 312 4 382 4 469 4 792 4 998
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
33
Table 1-7. Civilian Labor Force by Sex, Race, Age, and Hispanic Origin, 1948–2004—Continued (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Men 1948 ............................................ 1949 ............................................
43 286 43 498
2 600 2 477
1 109 1 056
1 490 1 420
40 687 41 022
4 673 4 682
10 327 10 418
9 596 9 722
7 943 8 008
5 764 5 748
2 384 2 454
1950 ............................................ 1951 ............................................ 1952 ............................................ 1953 ............................................ 1954 ............................................
43 819 43 001 42 869 43 633 43 965
2 504 2 347 2 312 2 320 2 295
1 048 1 081 1 101 1 070 1 023
1 456 1 266 1 210 1 249 1 272
41 316 40 655 40 558 41 315 41 669
4 632 3 935 3 338 3 053 3 051
10 527 10 375 10 585 10 736 10 771
9 793 9 799 9 945 10 437 10 513
8 117 8 205 8 326 8 570 8 702
5 794 5 873 5 949 5 975 6 105
2 453 2 469 2 416 2 543 2 526
1955 ............................................ 1956 ............................................ 1957 ............................................ 1958 ............................................ 1959 ............................................
44 475 45 091 45 197 45 521 45 886
2 369 2 433 2 415 2 428 2 596
1 070 1 142 1 127 1 133 1 206
1 299 1 291 1 289 1 295 1 390
42 106 42 658 42 780 43 092 43 289
3 221 3 485 3 629 3 771 3 940
10 806 10 685 10 571 10 475 10 346
10 595 10 663 10 731 10 843 10 899
8 838 9 002 9 153 9 320 9 438
6 122 6 220 6 222 6 304 6 345
2 526 2 602 2 477 2 378 2 322
1960 ............................................ 1961 ............................................ 1962 ............................................ 1963 ............................................ 1964 ............................................
46 388 46 653 46 600 47 129 47 679
2 787 2 794 2 770 2 907 3 074
1 290 1 210 1 178 1 321 1 499
1 496 1 583 1 592 1 586 1 575
43 603 43 860 43 831 44 222 44 604
4 123 4 253 4 279 4 514 4 754
10 251 10 176 9 920 9 876 9 876
10 967 11 012 11 115 11 187 11 156
9 574 9 668 9 715 9 836 9 956
6 399 6 530 6 560 6 675 6 741
2 287 2 220 2 241 2 135 2 124
1965 ............................................ 1966 ............................................ 1967 ............................................ 1968 ............................................ 1969 ............................................
48 255 48 471 48 987 49 533 50 221
3 397 3 685 3 634 3 681 3 870
1 532 1 609 1 658 1 687 1 770
1 866 2 075 1 976 1 995 2 100
44 857 44 788 45 354 45 852 46 351
4 894 4 820 5 043 5 070 5 282
9 903 9 948 10 207 10 610 10 941
11 120 10 983 10 859 10 725 10 556
10 045 10 100 10 189 10 267 10 344
6 763 6 847 6 937 7 025 7 058
2 132 2 089 2 118 2 154 2 170
1970 ............................................ 1971 ............................................ 1972 ............................................ 1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
51 228 52 180 53 555 54 624 55 739
4 008 4 172 4 476 4 693 4 861
1 810 1 856 1 955 2 073 2 138
2 199 2 315 2 522 2 618 2 721
47 220 48 009 49 079 49 932 50 879
5 717 6 233 6 766 7 183 7 387
11 327 11 731 12 350 13 056 13 665
10 469 10 347 10 372 10 338 10 401
10 417 10 451 10 412 10 416 10 431
7 126 7 155 7 155 7 028 7 063
2 165 2 090 2 026 1 913 1 932
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
56 299 57 174 58 396 59 620 60 726
4 805 4 886 5 048 5 149 5 111
2 065 2 069 2 155 2 227 2 192
2 740 2 817 2 893 2 923 2 919
51 494 52 288 53 348 54 471 55 615
7 565 7 866 8 109 8 327 8 535
14 192 14 784 15 353 15 814 16 387
10 398 10 500 10 771 11 159 11 531
10 401 10 293 10 158 10 083 10 008
7 023 7 020 7 100 7 151 7 212
1 914 1 826 1 857 1 936 1 943
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
61 453 61 974 62 450 63 047 63 835
4 999 4 777 4 470 4 303 4 134
2 102 1 957 1 776 1 621 1 591
2 897 2 820 2 694 2 682 2 542
56 455 57 197 57 980 58 744 59 701
8 607 8 648 8 604 8 601 8 594
16 971 17 479 17 793 18 038 18 488
11 836 12 166 12 781 13 398 14 037
9 905 9 868 9 784 9 746 9 776
7 242 7 170 7 174 7 119 7 050
1 893 1 866 1 845 1 842 1 755
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
64 411 65 422 66 207 66 927 67 840
4 134 4 102 4 112 4 159 4 136
1 663 1 707 1 745 1 714 1 630
2 471 2 395 2 367 2 445 2 505
60 277 61 320 62 095 62 768 63 704
8 283 8 148 7 837 7 594 7 458
18 808 19 383 19 656 19 742 19 905
14 506 15 029 15 587 16 074 16 622
9 870 9 994 10 176 10 566 10 919
7 060 6 954 6 940 6 831 6 783
1 750 1 811 1 899 1 960 2 017
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
69 011 69 168 69 964 70 404 70 817
4 094 3 795 3 751 3 762 3 896
1 537 1 452 1 453 1 497 1 630
2 557 2 343 2 297 2 265 2 266
64 916 65 374 66 213 66 642 66 921
7 866 7 820 7 770 7 671 7 540
19 872 19 641 19 495 19 214 18 854
17 481 18 077 18 347 18 713 18 966
11 103 11 362 12 040 12 562 12 962
6 627 6 550 6 551 6 502 6 423
1 967 1 924 2 010 1 980 2 176
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
71 360 72 087 73 261 73 959 74 512
4 036 4 043 4 095 4 244 4 318
1 668 1 665 1 676 1 728 1 732
2 368 2 378 2 419 2 516 2 587
67 324 68 044 69 166 69 715 70 194
7 338 7 104 7 184 7 221 7 291
18 670 18 430 18 110 17 796 17 318
19 189 19 602 20 058 20 242 20 382
13 421 13 967 14 564 14 963 15 394
6 504 6 693 6 952 7 253 7 477
2 201 2 247 2 298 2 240 2 333
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................ 2004 ............................................
76 280 76 886 77 500 78 238 78 980
4 269 4 070 3 870 3 614 3 616
1 676 1 568 1 431 1 405 1 329
2 594 2 501 2 439 2 209 2 288
72 010 72 816 73 630 74 623 75 364
7 521 7 640 7 769 7 906 8 057
17 844 17 671 17 596 17 767 17 798
20 093 20 018 19 828 19 762 19 539
16 269 16 804 17 143 17 352 17 635
7 795 8 171 8 751 9 144 9 547
2 488 2 511 2 542 2 692 2 787
34
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-7. Civilian Labor Force by Sex, Race, Age, and Hispanic Origin, 1948–2004—Continued (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Women 1948 ............................................ 1949 ............................................
17 335 17 788
1 835 1 811
671 648
1 164 1 163
15 500 15 978
2 719 2 658
3 931 3 997
3 801 3 989
2 971 3 099
1 565 1 678
513 556
1950 ............................................ 1951 ............................................ 1952 ............................................ 1953 ............................................ 1954 ............................................
18 389 19 016 19 269 19 382 19 678
1 712 1 756 1 752 1 707 1 681
611 662 705 657 620
1 101 1 094 1 047 1 050 1 028
16 678 17 259 17 517 17 674 17 997
2 675 2 659 2 502 2 428 2 424
4 092 4 293 4 319 4 162 4 212
4 161 4 301 4 438 4 662 4 708
3 327 3 534 3 635 3 679 3 822
1 839 1 923 2 031 2 049 2 164
583 551 589 693 666
1955 ............................................ 1956 ............................................ 1957 ............................................ 1958 ............................................ 1959 ............................................
20 548 21 461 21 732 22 118 22 483
1 723 1 863 1 860 1 832 1 896
641 736 716 685 765
1 083 1 127 1 144 1 147 1 132
18 825 19 599 19 873 20 285 20 587
2 445 2 455 2 442 2 501 2 473
4 252 4 276 4 255 4 193 4 089
4 805 5 031 5 116 5 185 5 228
4 154 4 405 4 615 4 859 5 080
2 391 2 610 2 631 2 727 2 882
779 821 813 821 836
1960 ............................................ 1961 ............................................ 1962 ............................................ 1963 ............................................ 1964 ............................................
23 240 23 806 24 014 24 704 25 412
2 054 2 142 2 146 2 232 2 314
805 774 741 850 950
1 251 1 368 1 405 1 380 1 365
21 185 21 664 21 868 22 473 23 098
2 579 2 697 2 803 2 959 3 209
4 131 4 143 4 103 4 174 4 180
5 302 5 390 5 474 5 601 5 615
5 278 5 403 5 381 5 502 5 681
2 986 3 106 3 197 3 331 3 441
908 926 913 906 966
1965 ............................................ 1966 ............................................ 1967 ............................................ 1968 ............................................ 1969 ............................................
26 200 27 299 28 360 29 204 30 513
2 513 2 873 2 887 2 938 3 100
954 1 055 1 076 1 130 1 239
1 559 1 818 1 810 1 808 1 859
23 686 24 431 25 475 26 266 27 413
3 365 3 590 3 966 4 235 4 597
4 330 4 510 4 848 5 098 5 395
5 720 5 755 5 844 5 866 5 902
5 711 5 884 5 983 6 130 6 386
3 587 3 728 3 855 3 939 4 077
976 964 979 999 1 057
1970 ............................................ 1971 ............................................ 1972 ............................................ 1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
31 543 32 202 33 479 34 804 36 211
3 241 3 298 3 578 3 814 4 010
1 325 1 336 1 464 1 592 1 672
1 916 1 963 2 114 2 221 2 338
28 301 28 904 29 901 30 991 32 201
4 880 5 098 5 364 5 663 5 926
5 708 5 983 6 610 7 320 7 989
5 968 5 957 6 027 6 154 6 362
6 532 6 573 6 555 6 567 6 699
4 157 4 234 4 257 4 228 4 221
1 056 1 059 1 089 1 061 1 002
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
37 475 38 983 40 613 42 631 44 235
4 065 4 170 4 303 4 503 4 527
1 674 1 698 1 765 1 900 1 887
2 391 2 470 2 538 2 603 2 639
33 410 34 814 36 310 38 128 39 708
6 185 6 418 6 717 7 043 7 234
8 673 9 419 10 149 10 888 11 551
6 505 6 817 7 171 7 662 8 154
6 683 6 689 6 720 6 807 6 889
4 323 4 402 4 477 4 593 4 719
1 042 1 069 1 078 1 134 1 161
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
45 487 46 696 47 755 48 503 49 709
4 381 4 211 4 056 3 868 3 810
1 781 1 691 1 561 1 452 1 458
2 599 2 520 2 495 2 416 2 351
41 106 42 485 43 699 44 636 45 900
7 315 7 451 7 477 7 451 7 451
12 257 12 912 13 393 13 796 14 234
8 627 9 045 9 651 10 213 10 896
7 004 7 101 7 105 7 105 7 230
4 742 4 799 4 888 4 873 4 911
1 161 1 176 1 185 1 198 1 177
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
51 050 52 413 53 658 54 742 56 030
3 767 3 824 3 875 3 872 3 818
1 491 1 580 1 638 1 572 1 495
2 276 2 244 2 237 2 300 2 323
47 283 48 589 49 783 50 870 52 212
7 434 7 293 7 140 6 910 6 721
14 742 15 208 15 577 15 761 15 990
11 567 12 204 12 873 13 361 13 980
7 452 7 746 8 034 8 537 8 997
4 932 4 940 4 937 4 977 5 095
1 156 1 199 1 221 1 324 1 429
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
56 829 57 178 58 141 58 795 60 239
3 698 3 470 3 345 3 408 3 585
1 400 1 337 1 316 1 335 1 504
2 298 2 133 2 030 2 073 2 081
53 131 53 708 54 796 55 388 56 655
6 834 6 728 6 750 6 683 6 592
16 058 15 867 15 875 15 566 15 499
14 663 15 235 15 552 15 849 16 259
9 145 9 465 10 120 10 733 11 357
4 948 4 924 5 035 5 097 5 289
1 483 1 489 1 464 1 459 1 658
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
60 944 61 857 63 036 63 714 64 855
3 729 3 763 3 837 4 012 4 015
1 557 1 599 1 561 1 607 1 606
2 172 2 164 2 277 2 405 2 410
57 215 58 094 59 198 59 702 60 840
6 349 6 273 6 348 6 418 6 643
15 528 15 403 15 271 15 017 14 826
16 562 16 954 17 268 17 294 17 501
11 801 12 430 13 010 13 405 13 994
5 356 5 452 5 713 5 962 6 204
1 618 1 581 1 590 1 607 1 673
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................ 2004 ............................................
66 303 66 848 67 363 68 272 68 421
4 002 3 832 3 715 3 556 3 498
1 585 1 520 1 439 1 452 1 418
2 416 2 313 2 277 2 104 2 080
62 301 63 016 63 648 64 716 64 923
6 730 6 917 7 012 7 021 7 097
14 912 14 690 14 600 14 576 14 409
17 473 17 386 17 098 16 933 16 619
14 802 15 221 15 454 15 919 16 123
6 561 6 932 7 559 8 168 8 466
1 823 1 870 1 926 2 099 2 211
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
35
Table 1-7. Civilian Labor Force by Sex, Race, Age, and Hispanic Origin, 1948–2004—Continued (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
White1 1954 ............................................
56 816
3 501
1 448
2 054
53 315
4 752
13 226
13 540
11 258
7 591
2 946
1955 ............................................ 1956 ............................................ 1957 ............................................ 1958 ............................................ 1959 ............................................
58 085 59 428 59 754 60 293 60 952
3 598 3 771 3 775 3 757 4 000
1 511 1 656 1 637 1 615 1 775
2 087 2 113 2 135 2 144 2 225
54 487 55 657 55 979 56 536 56 952
4 941 5 194 5 283 5 449 5 544
13 267 13 154 13 044 12 884 12 670
13 729 14 000 14 117 14 257 14 355
11 680 12 061 12 382 12 727 13 048
7 810 8 080 8 091 8 254 8 411
3 062 3 166 3 049 2 964 2 925
1960 ............................................ 1961 ............................................ 1962 ............................................ 1963 ............................................ 1964 ............................................
61 915 62 656 62 750 63 830 64 921
4 275 4 362 4 354 4 559 4 784
1 871 1 767 1 709 1 950 2 211
2 405 2 594 2 645 2 608 2 572
57 640 58 294 58 396 59 271 60 137
5 787 6 026 6 164 6 537 6 952
12 594 12 503 12 218 12 229 12 235
14 450 14 557 14 695 14 859 14 852
13 322 13 517 13 551 13 789 14 043
8 522 8 773 8 856 9 067 9 239
2 964 2 917 2 912 2 790 2 817
1965 ............................................ 1966 ............................................ 1967 ............................................ 1968 ............................................ 1969 ............................................
66 137 67 276 68 699 69 976 71 778
5 267 5 827 5 749 5 839 6 168
2 221 2 367 2 432 2 519 2 698
3 044 3 460 3 318 3 320 3 470
60 870 61 449 62 950 64 137 65 611
7 189 7 324 7 886 8 109 8 614
12 391 12 591 13 123 13 740 14 289
14 900 14 785 14 765 14 683 14 564
14 162 14 370 14 545 14 756 15 057
9 392 9 583 9 817 9 968 10 132
2 839 2 793 2 821 2 884 2 954
1970 ............................................ 1971 ............................................ 1972 ............................................ 1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
73 556 74 963 77 275 79 151 81 281
6 442 6 681 7 193 7 579 7 899
2 824 2 894 3 096 3 320 3 441
3 617 3 787 4 098 4 260 4 459
67 113 68 282 70 082 71 572 73 381
9 238 9 889 10 605 11 182 11 600
14 896 15 445 16 584 17 764 18 862
14 525 14 374 14 399 14 440 14 644
15 269 15 343 15 283 15 256 15 375
10 255 10 351 10 402 10 240 10 241
2 930 2 880 2 809 2 687 2 656
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
82 831 84 767 87 141 89 634 91 923
7 899 8 088 8 352 8 555 8 548
3 375 3 410 3 562 3 715 3 668
4 525 4 679 4 790 4 839 4 881
74 932 76 678 78 789 81 079 83 375
12 019 12 444 12 892 13 309 13 632
19 897 20 990 22 099 23 067 24 101
14 753 15 088 15 604 16 353 17 123
15 308 15 187 15 053 15 004 14 965
10 287 10 371 10 495 10 602 10 767
2 668 2 599 2 647 2 745 2 787
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
93 600 95 052 96 143 97 021 98 492
8 312 7 962 7 518 7 186 6 952
3 485 3 274 3 001 2 765 2 720
4 827 4 688 4 518 4 421 4 232
85 286 87 089 88 625 89 835 91 540
13 769 13 926 13 866 13 816 13 733
25 181 26 208 26 814 27 237 27 958
17 811 18 445 19 491 20 488 21 588
14 956 14 993 14 879 14 798 14 899
10 812 10 764 10 832 10 732 10 701
2 759 2 753 2 742 2 766 2 660
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
99 926 101 801 103 290 104 756 106 355
6 841 6 862 6 893 6 940 6 809
2 777 2 895 2 963 2 861 2 685
4 065 3 967 3 931 4 079 4 124
93 085 94 939 96 396 97 815 99 546
13 469 13 176 12 764 12 311 11 940
28 640 29 497 29 956 30 167 30 388
22 591 23 571 24 581 25 358 26 312
15 101 15 379 15 792 16 573 17 278
10 679 10 583 10 497 10 462 10 533
2 605 2 732 2 806 2 943 3 094
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
107 447 107 743 108 837 109 700 111 082
6 683 6 245 6 022 6 105 6 357
2 543 2 432 2 388 2 458 2 681
4 140 3 813 3 633 3 647 3 677
100 764 101 498 102 815 103 595 104 725
12 397 12 248 12 187 11 987 11 688
30 174 29 794 29 518 29 027 28 580
27 265 28 213 28 580 29 056 29 626
17 515 18 028 19 200 20 181 21 026
10 290 10 129 10 196 10 215 10 319
3 123 3 086 3 135 3 129 3 486
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
111 950 113 108 114 693 115 415 116 509
6 545 6 607 6 720 6 965 7 048
2 749 2 780 2 779 2 860 2 849
3 796 3 826 3 941 4 105 4 199
105 404 106 502 107 973 108 450 109 461
11 266 11 003 11 127 11 244 11 436
28 325 27 901 27 362 26 707 25 978
30 112 30 683 31 171 31 221 31 391
21 804 22 781 23 709 24 282 25 102
10 432 10 648 11 086 11 548 11 960
3 466 3 485 3 517 3 448 3 595
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................ 2004 ............................................
118 545 119 399 120 150 120 546 121 086
6 955 6 661 6 366 5 973 5 929
2 768 2 626 2 445 2 414 2 309
4 186 4 035 3 921 3 560 3 620
111 590 112 737 113 784 114 572 115 156
11 626 11 883 12 073 12 064 12 192
26 336 26 010 25 908 25 752 25 548
30 968 30 778 30 286 29 788 29 305
26 353 27 062 27 405 27 786 28 181
12 463 13 121 14 148 14 944 15 522
3 846 3 883 3 965 4 238 4 408
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
36
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-7. Civilian Labor Force by Sex, Race, Age, and Hispanic Origin, 1948–2004—Continued (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Total
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Black1 1972 ............................................ 1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
8 707 8 976 9 167
788 833 851
293 307 317
496 525 534
7 919 8 143 8 317
1 393 1 489 1 492
2 107 2 242 2 358
1 735 1 741 1 777
1 496 1 513 1 517
909 901 917
281 258 253
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
9 263 9 561 9 932 10 432 10 678
838 837 861 930 912
312 304 304 341 340
524 532 557 589 572
8 426 8 724 9 072 9 501 9 766
1 477 1 544 1 641 1 739 1 793
2 466 2 646 2 798 2 961 3 094
1 775 1 824 1 894 1 975 2 039
1 519 1 518 1 530 1 560 1 584
929 925 943 978 974
258 268 267 289 281
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
10 865 11 086 11 331 11 647 12 033
891 862 824 809 827
326 308 268 248 268
565 554 556 561 558
9 975 10 224 10 507 10 838 11 206
1 802 1 828 1 849 1 871 1 926
3 259 3 365 3 492 3 675 3 800
2 081 2 164 2 303 2 406 2 565
1 596 1 608 1 610 1 630 1 671
978 1 009 1 012 1 032 1 020
257 249 243 224 224
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
12 364 12 654 12 993 13 205 13 497
889 883 899 889 925
311 322 336 344 353
578 562 563 545 572
11 476 11 770 12 094 12 316 12 573
1 854 1 881 1 818 1 782 1 789
3 888 4 028 4 147 4 226 4 295
2 681 2 793 2 942 3 069 3 227
1 742 1 793 1 838 1 894 1 954
1 059 1 051 1 098 1 069 1 023
252 224 251 276 285
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
13 740 13 797 14 162 14 225 14 502
866 774 816 807 852
306 266 285 283 351
560 508 532 524 501
12 874 13 023 13 346 13 418 13 650
1 758 1 750 1 763 1 764 1 800
4 307 4 254 4 309 4 232 4 199
3 566 3 719 3 843 3 960 4 068
2 003 2 042 2 142 2 212 2 308
977 1 001 1 029 1 013 1 007
262 256 259 237 267
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
14 817 15 134 15 529 15 982 16 365
911 923 933 1 017 959
366 366 352 370 352
545 556 580 646 607
13 906 14 211 14 596 14 966 15 406
1 754 1 738 1 783 1 797 1 866
4 267 4 305 4 329 4 332 4 430
4 165 4 287 4 401 4 531 4 653
2 404 2 553 2 724 2 863 2 992
1 046 1 073 1 093 1 163 1 180
271 255 265 278 285
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................ 2004 ............................................
16 397 16 421 16 565 16 526 16 638
941 898 870 771 762
356 332 297 289 272
585 565 574 482 489
15 456 15 524 15 695 15 755 15 876
1 873 1 878 1 908 1 892 1 926
4 281 4 180 4 134 4 060 4 076
4 515 4 483 4 458 4 465 4 380
3 203 3 298 3 435 3 506 3 578
1 264 1 335 1 407 1 466 1 538
320 350 353 366 380
Hispanic 1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
3 673 4 012
407 442
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
4 171 4 205 4 536 4 979 5 219
444 447 493 533 551
... 176 184 221 207
... 285 305 312 343
... 3 820 4 059 4 446 4 668
... 729 813 901 960
... 1 248 1 325 1 446 1 532
... 875 916 1 008 1 062
... 625 656 701 704
... 294 293 323 339
... 48 55 67 72
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
6 146 6 492 6 734 7 033 7 451
645 603 585 590 618
241 215 192 189 209
404 388 393 401 409
5 502 5 888 6 148 6 442 6 833
1 136 1 231 1 251 1 282 1 325
1 843 2 015 2 163 2 267 2 436
1 163 1 239 1 313 1 380 1 509
860 886 891 931 954
414 430 444 495 524
85 87 85 86 84
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
7 698 8 076 8 541 8 982 9 323
579 571 610 671 680
199 203 206 234 224
379 368 404 437 456
7 119 7 505 7 931 8 311 8 643
1 358 1 414 1 425 1 486 1 483
2 571 2 685 2 890 2 957 3 118
1 595 1 713 1 904 1 996 2 092
985 1 097 1 086 1 147 1 205
527 511 545 621 625
82 84 81 103 120
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
10 720 10 920 11 338 11 610 11 975
829 781 796 771 807
276 249 263 246 285
554 532 533 525 522
9 891 10 139 10 542 10 839 11 168
1 839 1 835 1 815 1 811 1 863
3 590 3 596 3 740 3 800 3 865
2 386 2 539 2 735 2 865 2 965
1 320 1 376 1 442 1 534 1 626
647 681 687 684 698
110 111 122 145 151
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
12 267 12 774 13 796 14 317 14 665
850 845 911 1 007 1 049
291 284 315 320 333
559 561 596 688 717
11 417 11 929 12 884 13 310 13 616
1 818 1 845 2 004 2 077 2 052
3 943 4 054 4 298 4 372 4 330
3 113 3 361 3 601 3 707 3 929
1 671 1 697 1 945 2 090 2 178
720 806 850 894 927
152 166 186 169 199
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................ 2004 ............................................
16 689 17 328 17 943 18 813 19 272
1 168 1 176 1 103 960 995
368 352 335 322 297
800 824 769 638 698
15 521 16 152 16 840 17 853 18 277
2 546 2 616 2 678 2 672 2 732
5 197 5 380 5 645 5 960 5 931
4 241 4 377 4 545 4 867 4 931
2 387 2 583 2 657 2 894 3 093
940 1 000 1 091 1 201 1 284
209 195 224 259 306
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race. . . . = Not available.
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
37
Table 1-7. Civilian Labor Force by Sex, Race, Age, and Hispanic Origin, 1948–2004—Continued (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
White Men1 1954 ............................................
39 759
1 989
896
1 095
37 770
2 654
9 695
9 516
7 913
5 653
2 339
1955 ............................................ 1956 ............................................ 1957 ............................................ 1958 ............................................ 1959 ............................................
40 197 40 734 40 826 41 080 41 397
2 056 2 114 2 108 2 116 2 279
935 1 002 992 1 001 1 077
1 121 1 110 1 114 1 116 1 202
38 141 38 620 38 718 38 964 39 118
2 803 3 036 3 152 3 278 3 409
9 721 9 595 9 483 9 386 9 261
9 597 9 661 9 719 9 822 9 876
8 025 8 175 8 317 8 465 8 581
5 654 5 736 5 735 5 800 5 833
2 343 2 417 2 307 2 213 2 158
1960 ............................................ 1961 ............................................ 1962 ............................................ 1963 ............................................ 1964 ............................................
41 743 41 986 41 931 42 404 42 894
2 433 2 439 2 432 2 563 2 716
1 140 1 067 1 041 1 183 1 345
1 293 1 372 1 391 1 380 1 371
39 310 39 547 39 499 39 841 40 178
3 559 3 681 3 726 3 955 4 166
9 153 9 072 8 846 8 805 8 800
9 919 9 961 10 029 10 079 10 055
8 689 8 776 8 820 8 944 9 053
5 861 5 988 5 995 6 090 6 161
2 129 2 068 2 082 1 967 1 942
1965 ............................................ 1966 ............................................ 1967 ............................................ 1968 ............................................ 1969 ............................................
43 400 43 572 44 041 44 553 45 185
2 999 3 253 3 191 3 236 3 413
1 359 1 423 1 464 1 504 1 583
1 639 1 830 1 727 1 732 1 830
40 401 40 319 40 851 41 318 41 772
4 279 4 200 4 416 4 432 4 615
8 824 8 859 9 102 9 477 9 773
10 023 9 892 9 785 9 662 9 509
9 130 9 189 9 260 9 340 9 413
6 188 6 250 6 348 6 427 6 467
1 959 1 928 1 944 1 981 1 996
1970 ............................................ 1971 ............................................ 1972 ............................................ 1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
46 035 46 904 48 118 48 920 49 843
3 551 3 719 3 980 4 174 4 312
1 629 1 681 1 758 1 875 1 922
1 922 2 039 2 223 2 300 2 391
42 483 43 185 44 138 44 747 45 532
4 988 5 448 5 937 6 274 6 470
10 099 10 444 11 039 11 621 12 135
9 414 9 294 9 278 9 212 9 246
9 487 9 528 9 473 9 445 9 455
6 517 6 550 6 562 6 452 6 464
1 978 1 922 1 846 1 740 1 759
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
50 324 51 033 52 033 52 955 53 856
4 290 4 357 4 496 4 565 4 537
1 871 1 869 1 949 2 002 1 974
2 418 2 489 2 548 2 563 2 563
46 034 46 675 47 537 48 390 49 320
6 642 6 890 7 097 7 274 7 421
12 579 13 092 13 575 13 939 14 415
9 231 9 289 9 509 9 858 10 183
9 415 9 310 9 175 9 068 8 968
6 425 6 437 6 492 6 508 6 571
1 742 1 657 1 688 1 744 1 761
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
54 473 54 895 55 133 55 480 56 062
4 424 4 224 3 933 3 764 3 609
1 881 1 751 1 602 1 452 1 420
2 543 2 473 2 331 2 312 2 189
50 049 50 671 51 200 51 716 52 453
7 479 7 521 7 438 7 406 7 370
14 893 15 340 15 549 15 707 16 037
10 455 10 740 11 289 11 817 12 348
8 877 8 836 8 727 8 649 8 683
6 618 6 530 6 520 6 446 6 410
1 727 1 704 1 677 1 691 1 606
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
56 472 57 217 57 779 58 317 58 988
3 576 3 542 3 547 3 583 3 546
1 467 1 502 1 524 1 487 1 401
2 109 2 040 2 023 2 095 2 146
52 895 53 675 54 232 54 734 55 441
7 122 6 986 6 717 6 468 6 316
16 306 16 769 16 963 17 018 17 077
12 767 13 207 13 674 14 068 14 516
8 730 8 791 8 945 9 285 9 615
6 376 6 260 6 200 6 108 6 082
1 595 1 663 1 733 1 787 1 835
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
59 638 59 656 60 168 60 484 60 727
3 522 3 269 3 192 3 200 3 315
1 333 1 266 1 260 1 292 1 403
2 189 2 003 1 932 1 908 1 912
56 116 56 387 56 976 57 284 57 411
6 688 6 619 6 542 6 449 6 294
16 920 16 709 16 512 16 244 15 879
15 026 15 523 15 701 15 971 16 188
9 713 9 926 10 570 11 010 11 327
5 957 5 847 5 821 5 784 5 726
1 811 1 763 1 830 1 825 1 998
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
61 146 61 783 62 639 63 034 63 413
3 427 3 444 3 513 3 614 3 666
1 429 1 421 1 440 1 487 1 478
1 998 2 023 2 073 2 127 2 188
57 719 58 340 59 126 59 421 59 747
6 096 5 922 6 029 6 063 6 151
15 669 15 475 15 120 14 770 14 292
16 414 16 728 17 019 17 157 17 201
11 730 12 217 12 710 13 003 13 368
5 809 5 943 6 154 6 415 6 618
2 000 2 054 2 094 2 013 2 117
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................ 2004 ............................................
64 466 64 966 65 308 65 509 65 994
3 615 3 446 3 241 3 036 3 050
1 422 1 334 1 215 1 193 1 127
2 193 2 112 2 026 1 843 1 923
60 850 61 519 62 067 62 473 62 944
6 244 6 363 6 444 6 479 6 586
14 666 14 536 14 499 14 529 14 429
16 880 16 809 16 583 16 398 16 192
13 977 14 400 14 615 14 708 14 934
6 840 7 169 7 665 7 973 8 326
2 243 2 241 2 261 2 386 2 478
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
38
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-7. Civilian Labor Force by Sex, Race, Age, and Hispanic Origin, 1948–2004—Continued (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
White Women1 1954 ............................................
17 057
1 512
552
959
15 545
2 098
3 531
4 024
3 345
1 938
607
1955 ............................................ 1956 ............................................ 1957 ............................................ 1958 ............................................ 1959 ............................................
17 888 18 694 18 928 19 213 19 555
1 542 1 657 1 667 1 641 1 721
576 654 645 614 698
966 1 003 1 021 1 028 1 023
16 346 17 037 17 261 17 572 17 834
2 138 2 158 2 131 2 171 2 135
3 546 3 559 3 561 3 498 3 409
4 132 4 339 4 398 4 435 4 479
3 655 3 886 4 065 4 262 4 467
2 156 2 344 2 356 2 454 2 578
719 749 742 751 767
1960 ............................................ 1961 ............................................ 1962 ............................................ 1963 ............................................ 1964 ............................................
20 172 20 670 20 819 21 426 22 027
1 842 1 923 1 922 1 996 2 068
731 700 668 767 866
1 112 1 222 1 254 1 228 1 201
18 330 18 747 18 897 19 430 19 959
2 228 2 345 2 438 2 582 2 786
3 441 3 431 3 372 3 424 3 435
4 531 4 596 4 666 4 780 4 797
4 633 4 741 4 731 4 845 4 990
2 661 2 785 2 861 2 977 3 078
835 849 830 823 875
1965 ............................................ 1966 ............................................ 1967 ............................................ 1968 ............................................ 1969 ............................................
22 737 23 704 24 658 25 423 26 593
2 268 2 574 2 558 2 603 2 755
862 944 968 1 015 1 115
1 405 1 630 1 591 1 588 1 640
20 469 21 130 22 100 22 821 23 839
2 910 3 124 3 471 3 677 3 999
3 567 3 732 4 021 4 263 4 516
4 877 4 893 4 980 5 021 5 055
5 032 5 181 5 285 5 416 5 644
3 204 3 333 3 469 3 541 3 665
880 865 877 903 958
1970 ............................................ 1971 ............................................ 1972 ............................................ 1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
27 521 28 060 29 157 30 231 31 437
2 891 2 962 3 213 3 405 3 588
1 195 1 213 1 338 1 445 1 520
1 695 1 748 1 875 1 960 2 068
24 630 25 097 25 945 26 825 27 850
4 250 4 441 4 668 4 908 5 131
4 797 5 001 5 544 6 143 6 727
5 111 5 080 5 121 5 228 5 399
5 781 5 816 5 810 5 811 5 920
3 738 3 801 3 839 3 788 3 777
952 958 963 947 897
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
32 508 33 735 35 108 36 679 38 067
3 610 3 731 3 856 3 990 4 011
1 504 1 541 1 614 1 713 1 694
2 107 2 189 2 243 2 276 2 318
28 898 30 004 31 253 32 689 34 056
5 378 5 554 5 795 6 035 6 211
7 318 7 898 8 523 9 128 9 687
5 522 5 799 6 095 6 495 6 940
5 892 5 877 5 877 5 936 5 997
3 862 3 935 4 003 4 094 4 196
926 940 959 1 001 1 024
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
39 127 40 157 41 010 41 541 42 431
3 888 3 739 3 585 3 422 3 343
1 605 1 523 1 399 1 314 1 300
2 284 2 216 2 186 2 109 2 043
35 239 36 418 37 425 38 119 39 087
6 290 6 406 6 428 6 410 6 363
10 289 10 868 11 264 11 530 11 922
7 356 7 704 8 202 8 670 9 240
6 079 6 157 6 152 6 149 6 217
4 194 4 235 4 313 4 285 4 292
1 032 1 049 1 065 1 074 1 054
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
43 455 44 584 45 510 46 439 47 367
3 265 3 320 3 347 3 358 3 262
1 310 1 393 1 439 1 374 1 284
1 955 1 927 1 908 1 984 1 978
40 190 41 264 42 164 43 081 44 105
6 348 6 191 6 047 5 844 5 625
12 334 12 729 12 993 13 149 13 311
9 824 10 364 10 907 11 291 11 796
6 371 6 588 6 847 7 288 7 663
4 303 4 323 4 297 4 354 4 451
1 010 1 069 1 073 1 156 1 259
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
47 809 48 087 48 669 49 216 50 356
3 161 2 976 2 830 2 905 3 042
1 210 1 166 1 128 1 167 1 278
1 951 1 810 1 702 1 739 1 764
44 648 45 111 45 839 46 311 47 314
5 709 5 629 5 645 5 539 5 394
13 254 13 085 13 006 12 783 12 702
12 239 12 689 12 879 13 085 13 439
7 802 8 101 8 630 9 171 9 699
4 333 4 282 4 375 4 430 4 593
1 312 1 324 1 305 1 304 1 487
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
50 804 51 325 52 054 52 380 53 096
3 118 3 163 3 207 3 351 3 382
1 320 1 360 1 339 1 373 1 371
1 798 1 803 1 867 1 977 2 010
47 686 48 162 48 847 49 029 49 714
5 170 5 081 5 099 5 180 5 285
12 656 12 426 12 242 11 937 11 685
13 697 13 955 14 153 14 064 14 190
10 074 10 563 10 999 11 279 11 734
4 622 4 706 4 932 5 133 5 342
1 466 1 431 1 422 1 435 1 478
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................ 2004 ............................................
54 079 54 433 54 842 55 037 55 092
3 339 3 215 3 125 2 937 2 879
1 346 1 292 1 229 1 221 1 182
1 993 1 923 1 895 1 716 1 697
50 740 51 218 51 717 52 099 52 212
5 381 5 519 5 628 5 584 5 606
11 669 11 474 11 409 11 223 11 119
14 088 13 969 13 703 13 390 13 114
12 376 12 662 12 790 13 078 13 247
5 623 5 952 6 482 6 970 7 197
1 602 1 642 1 704 1 852 1 930
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
39
Table 1-7. Civilian Labor Force by Sex, Race, Age, and Hispanic Origin, 1948–2004—Continued (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Black Men1 1972 ............................................ 1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
4 816 4 924 5 020
453 460 480
180 175 189
272 286 291
4 364 4 464 4 540
761 819 798
1 158 1 217 1 279
935 935 953
824 842 838
522 499 519
165 153 152
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
5 016 5 101 5 263 5 435 5 559
447 454 476 491 480
168 168 178 186 179
279 285 299 306 301
4 569 4 648 4 787 4 943 5 079
790 820 856 883 928
1 328 1 383 1 441 1 504 1 577
948 969 1 003 1 022 1 049
833 824 818 829 844
520 504 515 540 524
150 149 154 166 156
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
5 612 5 685 5 804 5 966 6 126
479 462 436 433 440
181 169 137 134 141
298 293 300 300 299
5 134 5 223 5 368 5 533 5 686
935 940 964 997 1 022
1 659 1 702 1 769 1 840 1 924
1 061 1 093 1 152 1 196 1 270
830 829 824 845 847
509 524 525 536 505
138 134 135 119 118
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
6 220 6 373 6 486 6 596 6 701
471 458 463 469 480
162 164 179 186 190
310 294 284 283 291
5 749 5 915 6 023 6 127 6 221
950 957 914 913 904
1 937 2 029 2 074 2 114 2 157
1 313 1 359 1 406 1 459 1 544
879 901 915 936 945
544 552 586 565 530
125 116 130 139 141
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
6 802 6 851 6 997 7 019 7 089
445 400 429 425 443
161 140 149 154 176
284 260 280 270 266
6 357 6 451 6 568 6 594 6 646
879 896 900 875 891
2 142 2 111 2 121 2 118 2 068
1 733 1 806 1 859 1 918 1 975
988 1 010 1 037 1 065 1 102
496 507 521 506 484
119 122 130 112 125
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
7 183 7 264 7 354 7 542 7 652
453 458 444 488 470
184 182 178 181 180
269 276 266 307 291
6 730 6 806 6 910 7 053 7 182
866 848 832 837 835
2 089 2 077 2 052 2 034 2 069
1 987 2 036 2 096 2 142 2 206
1 148 1 204 1 287 1 343 1 387
490 509 508 548 547
150 132 134 150 138
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................ 2004 ............................................
7 702 7 647 7 794 7 711 7 773
462 447 446 365 359
181 166 149 138 128
281 281 297 228 231
7 240 7 200 7 347 7 346 7 414
875 853 906 918 927
1 999 1 915 1 909 1 872 1 931
2 105 2 073 2 064 2 058 2 000
1 497 1 537 1 623 1 627 1 654
612 645 664 685 714
151 177 181 186 188
Black Women1 1972 ............................................ 1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
3 890 4 052 4 148
335 373 371
113 133 128
224 240 243
3 555 3 678 3 777
632 670 694
949 1 026 1 079
800 806 824
672 670 679
387 402 398
116 105 100
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
4 247 4 460 4 670 4 997 5 119
391 384 385 439 432
144 136 127 155 161
245 247 258 283 271
3 857 4 076 4 286 4 558 4 687
687 723 785 856 865
1 138 1 264 1 357 1 456 1 517
827 855 891 953 990
686 694 712 731 740
409 421 429 439 451
108 119 113 124 124
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
5 253 5 401 5 527 5 681 5 907
412 400 387 375 387
144 139 131 114 127
267 261 256 261 260
4 841 5 001 5 140 5 306 5 520
867 888 885 874 904
1 600 1 663 1 723 1 835 1 876
1 020 1 071 1 151 1 210 1 294
767 779 786 785 823
469 485 487 496 515
119 115 108 105 106
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
6 144 6 281 6 507 6 609 6 796
417 425 435 419 445
149 157 157 158 163
268 268 278 262 281
5 727 5 855 6 071 6 190 6 352
904 924 904 869 885
1 951 1 999 2 073 2 112 2 138
1 368 1 434 1 537 1 610 1 683
862 892 924 958 1 009
515 499 512 504 493
127 107 121 137 144
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
6 938 6 946 7 166 7 206 7 413
421 374 387 383 409
145 126 135 129 174
276 248 252 254 235
6 517 6 572 6 778 6 824 7 004
879 854 863 889 909
2 165 2 143 2 188 2 115 2 131
1 833 1 913 1 985 2 042 2 093
1 015 1 032 1 105 1 147 1 206
481 494 508 506 523
143 135 129 125 142
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
7 634 7 869 8 175 8 441 8 713
458 464 489 528 489
182 184 175 189 172
276 280 314 339 316
7 175 7 405 7 686 7 912 8 224
887 890 951 960 1 031
2 177 2 228 2 277 2 298 2 360
2 178 2 251 2 305 2 390 2 447
1 256 1 349 1 437 1 520 1 606
556 565 585 615 633
121 122 131 128 147
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................ 2004 ............................................
8 695 8 774 8 772 8 815 8 865
479 451 424 406 403
175 166 148 151 144
305 284 276 255 259
8 215 8 323 8 348 8 409 8 462
998 1 025 1 002 973 999
2 282 2 265 2 225 2 188 2 144
2 409 2 410 2 394 2 407 2 380
1 706 1 762 1 812 1 879 1 924
652 690 743 781 824
168 173 171 180 192
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
40
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-7. Civilian Labor Force by Sex, Race, Age, and Hispanic Origin, 1948–2004—Continued (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
16 years and over
16 to 17 years
Total
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Hispanic Men 1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
2 356 2 556
... ...
... ...
... ...
2 124 2 306
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
2 597 2 580 2 817 3 041 3 184
... 260 285 299 315
... 104 105 129 121
... 155 179 171 194
2 343 2 326 2 530 2 742 2 869
... 433 485 546 562
... 771 828 882 941
... 541 567 620 648
... 398 416 425 445
... 189 197 217 216
... 34 42 52 56
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
3 818 4 005 4 148 4 362 4 563
392 359 333 348 345
147 130 111 109 113
245 229 221 239 232
3 426 3 647 3 815 4 014 4 218
697 747 759 789 822
1 161 1 269 1 361 1 447 1 540
713 756 808 852 910
522 535 539 557 570
270 278 290 311 325
62 61 58 58 51
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
4 729 4 948 5 163 5 409 5 595
334 336 345 378 400
116 114 112 123 129
218 222 233 255 271
4 395 4 612 4 818 5 031 5 195
835 888 865 897 909
1 629 1 669 1 801 1 834 1 899
957 1 015 1 121 1 189 1 221
591 661 652 686 719
331 323 325 355 375
53 56 55 69 71
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
6 546 6 664 6 900 7 076 7 210
512 466 468 455 463
165 141 154 145 163
346 325 314 310 300
6 034 6 198 6 432 6 621 6 747
1 182 1 202 1 141 1 147 1 184
2 230 2 260 2 366 2 417 2 430
1 403 1 487 1 593 1 675 1 713
775 780 844 900 922
380 401 414 394 410
65 67 74 88 89
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
7 376 7 646 8 309 8 571 8 546
479 496 531 565 596
168 156 177 188 181
311 340 354 377 415
6 898 7 150 7 779 8 005 7 950
1 153 1 132 1 267 1 288 1 231
2 469 2 510 2 684 2 733 2 633
1 795 1 966 2 091 2 173 2 219
965 967 1 112 1 164 1 205
417 469 511 541 526
98 105 113 106 136
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................ 2004 ............................................
9 923 10 279 10 609 11 288 11 587
676 684 632 532 567
204 200 183 164 156
471 484 449 368 410
9 247 9 595 9 977 10 756 11 020
1 590 1 602 1 627 1 642 1 671
3 181 3 294 3 484 3 776 3 765
2 451 2 562 2 647 2 877 2 934
1 337 1 430 1 478 1 630 1 736
555 582 607 680 728
134 125 134 150 186
Hispanic Women 1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
1 317 1 456
... ...
... ...
... ...
1 142 1 264
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
1 574 1 625 1 720 1 938 2 035
... 201 204 233 235
... 71 80 93 86
... 130 125 142 149
1 384 1 454 1 523 1 704 1 800
... 295 327 354 397
... 479 497 564 590
... 334 349 388 413
... 227 240 275 258
... 105 96 106 124
... 13 13 16 15
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
2 328 2 486 2 586 2 671 2 888
252 244 252 242 273
93 85 81 80 96
159 159 172 162 177
2 076 2 242 2 333 2 429 2 615
439 484 492 493 503
682 745 802 820 896
450 483 504 529 599
337 351 352 374 384
144 152 155 184 199
22 27 28 29 34
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
2 970 3 128 3 377 3 573 3 728
245 236 265 293 280
84 89 94 111 95
161 147 171 182 185
2 725 2 893 3 112 3 281 3 448
524 526 559 589 574
943 1 016 1 090 1 123 1 219
639 698 783 806 871
394 436 434 461 486
196 189 220 267 251
29 28 27 34 49
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
4 174 4 256 4 439 4 534 4 765
318 315 328 316 345
110 107 110 101 122
207 207 219 215 222
3 857 3 941 4 110 4 218 4 421
657 633 674 664 679
1 360 1 336 1 374 1 383 1 435
983 1 052 1 142 1 190 1 252
545 596 599 633 704
268 279 273 290 288
45 44 48 57 62
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
4 891 5 128 5 486 5 746 6 119
371 349 381 442 453
123 128 138 132 151
249 221 242 310 302
4 520 4 779 5 106 5 304 5 666
666 713 737 789 821
1 473 1 544 1 614 1 639 1 698
1 318 1 395 1 510 1 533 1 710
706 729 833 927 973
303 338 338 353 401
54 61 73 62 63
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................ 2004 ............................................
6 767 7 049 7 334 7 525 7 685
492 492 471 428 429
164 152 152 158 141
328 340 320 271 288
6 275 6 557 6 863 7 096 7 257
956 1 014 1 051 1 030 1 060
2 016 2 086 2 161 2 183 2 166
1 791 1 815 1 897 1 990 1 998
1 051 1 153 1 179 1 264 1 357
386 418 484 520 556
75 70 90 109 119
Note: Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. . . . = Not available.
41
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-8. Civilian Labor Force Participation Rates by Sex, Race, Age, and Hispanic Origin, 1948–2004 (Percent.) 20 years and over Year, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
16 years and over
16 to 19 years Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Total 1948 ............................................ 1949 ............................................
58.8 58.9
52.5 52.2
59.4 59.5
64.1 64.9
63.1 63.2
66.7 67.2
65.1 65.3
56.9 56.2
27.0 27.3
1950 ............................................ 1951 ............................................ 1952 ............................................ 1953 ............................................ 1954 ............................................
59.2 59.2 59.0 58.9 58.8
51.8 52.2 51.3 50.2 48.3
59.9 59.8 59.7 59.6 59.6
65.9 64.8 62.2 61.2 61.6
63.5 64.2 64.7 64.0 64.3
67.5 67.6 68.0 68.9 68.8
66.4 67.2 67.5 68.1 68.4
56.7 56.9 57.5 58.0 58.7
26.7 25.8 24.8 24.8 23.9
1955 ............................................ 1956 ............................................ 1957 ............................................ 1958 ............................................ 1959 ............................................
59.3 60.0 59.6 59.5 59.3
48.9 50.9 49.6 47.4 46.7
60.1 60.7 60.4 60.5 60.4
62.7 64.1 64.0 64.4 64.3
64.8 64.8 64.9 65.0 65.0
68.9 69.5 69.5 69.6 69.5
69.7 70.5 70.9 71.5 71.9
59.5 60.8 60.1 60.5 61.0
24.1 24.3 22.9 21.8 21.1
1960 ............................................ 1961 ............................................ 1962 ............................................ 1963 ............................................ 1964 ............................................
59.4 59.3 58.8 58.7 58.7
47.5 46.9 46.1 45.2 44.5
60.5 60.5 60.0 60.1 60.2
65.2 65.7 65.3 65.1 66.3
65.4 65.6 65.2 65.6 65.8
69.4 69.5 69.7 70.1 70.0
72.2 72.1 72.2 72.5 72.9
60.9 61.5 61.5 62.0 61.9
20.8 20.1 19.1 17.9 18.0
1965 ............................................ 1966 ............................................ 1967 ............................................ 1968 ............................................ 1969 ............................................
58.9 59.2 59.6 59.6 60.1
45.7 48.2 48.4 48.3 49.4
60.3 60.5 60.9 60.9 61.3
66.4 66.5 67.1 67.0 68.2
66.4 67.1 68.2 68.6 69.1
70.7 71.0 71.6 72.0 72.5
72.5 72.7 72.7 72.8 73.4
61.9 62.2 62.3 62.2 62.1
17.8 17.2 17.2 17.2 17.3
1970 ............................................ 1971 ............................................ 1972 ............................................ 1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
60.4 60.2 60.4 60.8 61.3
49.9 49.7 51.9 53.7 54.8
61.6 61.4 61.4 61.7 62.0
69.2 69.3 70.8 72.6 74.0
69.7 69.9 70.9 72.3 73.6
73.1 73.2 73.3 74.0 74.6
73.5 73.2 72.7 72.5 72.7
61.8 61.3 60.0 58.4 57.8
17.0 16.2 15.6 14.6 14.0
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
61.2 61.6 62.3 63.2 63.7
54.0 54.5 56.0 57.8 57.9
62.1 62.4 63.0 63.8 64.3
73.9 74.7 75.7 76.8 77.5
74.4 75.7 77.0 78.3 79.2
75.0 76.0 77.0 78.1 79.2
72.6 72.5 72.8 73.5 74.3
57.2 56.6 56.3 56.3 56.2
13.7 13.1 13.0 13.3 13.1
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
63.8 63.9 64.0 64.0 64.4
56.7 55.4 54.1 53.5 53.9
64.5 64.8 65.0 65.0 65.3
77.2 77.3 77.1 77.2 77.6
79.9 80.5 81.0 81.3 81.8
80.0 80.7 81.2 81.6 82.4
74.9 75.7 75.9 76.0 76.5
55.7 55.0 55.1 54.5 54.2
12.5 12.2 11.9 11.7 11.1
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
64.8 65.3 65.6 65.9 66.5
54.5 54.7 54.7 55.3 55.9
65.7 66.2 66.5 66.8 67.3
78.2 78.9 78.9 78.7 78.7
82.5 82.9 83.3 83.3 83.8
83.1 83.7 84.3 84.6 85.1
77.3 78.0 78.6 79.6 80.5
54.2 54.0 54.4 54.6 55.5
10.8 10.9 11.1 11.5 11.8
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
66.5 66.2 66.4 66.3 66.6
53.7 51.6 51.3 51.5 52.7
67.6 67.3 67.6 67.5 67.7
77.8 76.7 77.0 77.0 77.0
83.6 83.2 83.7 83.3 83.2
85.2 85.2 85.1 84.9 84.8
80.7 81.0 81.5 81.6 81.7
55.9 55.5 56.2 56.4 56.8
11.8 11.5 11.5 11.2 12.4
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
66.6 66.8 67.1 67.1 67.1
53.5 52.3 51.6 52.8 52.0
67.7 67.9 68.4 68.3 68.3
76.6 76.8 77.6 77.5 77.5
83.8 84.1 84.4 84.6 84.6
84.6 84.8 85.1 84.7 84.9
81.4 82.1 82.6 82.5 82.6
57.2 57.9 58.9 59.3 59.3
12.1 12.1 12.2 11.9 12.3
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................ 2004 ............................................
67.1 66.8 66.6 66.2 66.0
52.0 49.6 47.4 44.5 43.9
68.3 68.2 68.1 67.9 67.7
77.8 77.1 76.4 75.4 75.0
84.6 84.0 83.7 82.9 82.7
84.8 84.6 84.1 83.9 83.6
82.5 82.3 82.1 82.1 81.8
59.2 60.4 61.9 62.4 62.3
12.9 13.0 13.2 14.0 14.4
42
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-8. Civilian Labor Force Participation Rates by Sex, Race, Age, and Hispanic Origin, 1948–2004 —Continued (Percent.) 20 years and over Year, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
16 years and over
16 to 19 years Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Men 1948 ............................................ 1949 ............................................
86.6 86.4
63.7 62.8
88.6 88.5
84.6 86.6
95.9 95.8
97.9 97.9
95.8 95.6
89.5 87.5
46.8 47.0
1950 ............................................ 1951 ............................................ 1952 ............................................ 1953 ............................................ 1954 ............................................
86.4 86.3 86.3 86.0 85.5
63.2 63.0 61.3 60.7 58.0
88.4 88.2 88.3 88.0 87.8
87.9 88.4 88.1 87.7 86.9
96.0 96.9 97.5 97.4 97.3
97.6 97.5 97.8 98.2 98.1
95.8 95.9 96.2 96.5 96.5
86.9 87.2 87.5 87.9 88.7
45.8 44.9 42.6 41.6 40.5
1955 ............................................ 1956 ............................................ 1957 ............................................ 1958 ............................................ 1959 ............................................
85.4 85.5 84.8 84.2 83.7
58.9 60.5 59.1 56.6 55.8
87.6 87.6 86.9 86.6 86.3
86.9 87.8 87.1 86.9 87.8
97.6 97.3 97.1 97.1 97.4
98.1 97.9 97.9 97.9 97.8
96.4 96.6 96.3 96.3 96.0
87.9 88.5 87.5 87.8 87.4
39.6 40.0 37.5 35.6 34.2
1960 ............................................ 1961 ............................................ 1962 ............................................ 1963 ............................................ 1964 ............................................
83.3 82.9 82.0 81.4 81.0
56.1 54.6 53.8 52.9 52.4
86.0 85.7 84.8 84.4 84.2
88.1 87.8 86.9 86.1 86.1
97.5 97.5 97.2 97.1 97.3
97.7 97.6 97.6 97.5 97.3
95.7 95.6 95.6 95.7 95.7
86.8 87.3 86.2 86.2 85.6
33.1 31.7 30.3 28.4 28.0
1965 ............................................ 1966 ............................................ 1967 ............................................ 1968 ............................................ 1969 ............................................
80.7 80.4 80.4 80.1 79.8
53.8 55.3 55.6 55.1 55.9
83.9 83.6 83.4 83.1 82.8
85.8 85.1 84.4 82.8 82.8
97.2 97.3 97.2 96.9 96.7
97.3 97.2 97.3 97.1 96.9
95.6 95.3 95.2 94.9 94.6
84.6 84.5 84.4 84.3 83.4
27.9 27.1 27.1 27.3 27.2
1970 ............................................ 1971 ............................................ 1972 ............................................ 1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
79.7 79.1 78.9 78.8 78.7
56.1 56.1 58.1 59.7 60.7
82.6 82.1 81.6 81.3 81.0
83.3 83.0 83.9 85.2 85.9
96.4 95.9 95.7 95.7 95.8
96.9 96.5 96.4 96.2 96.0
94.3 93.9 93.2 93.0 92.2
83.0 82.1 80.4 78.2 77.3
26.8 25.5 24.3 22.7 22.4
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
77.9 77.5 77.7 77.9 77.8
59.1 59.3 60.9 62.0 61.5
80.3 79.8 79.7 79.8 79.8
84.5 85.2 85.6 85.9 86.4
95.2 95.2 95.3 95.3 95.3
95.6 95.4 95.7 95.7 95.7
92.1 91.6 91.1 91.3 91.4
75.6 74.3 73.8 73.3 72.8
21.6 20.2 20.0 20.4 19.9
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
77.4 77.0 76.6 76.4 76.4
60.5 59.0 56.7 56.2 56.0
79.4 79.0 78.7 78.5 78.3
85.9 85.5 84.9 84.8 85.0
95.2 94.9 94.7 94.2 94.4
95.5 95.4 95.3 95.2 95.4
91.2 91.4 91.2 91.2 91.2
72.1 70.6 70.2 69.4 68.5
19.0 18.4 17.8 17.4 16.3
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
76.3 76.3 76.2 76.2 76.4
56.8 56.4 56.1 56.9 57.9
78.1 78.1 78.0 77.9 78.1
85.0 85.8 85.2 85.0 85.3
94.7 94.6 94.6 94.3 94.4
95.0 94.8 94.6 94.5 94.5
91.0 91.0 90.7 90.9 91.1
67.9 67.3 67.6 67.0 67.2
15.8 16.0 16.3 16.5 16.6
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
76.4 75.8 75.8 75.4 75.1
55.7 53.2 53.4 53.2 54.1
78.2 77.7 77.7 77.3 76.8
84.4 83.5 83.3 83.2 83.1
94.1 93.6 93.8 93.4 92.6
94.3 94.1 93.7 93.4 92.8
90.7 90.5 90.7 90.1 89.1
67.8 67.0 67.0 66.5 65.5
16.3 15.7 16.1 15.6 16.8
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
75.0 74.9 75.0 74.9 74.7
54.8 53.2 52.3 53.3 52.9
76.7 76.8 77.0 76.8 76.7
83.1 82.5 82.5 82.0 81.9
93.0 93.2 93.0 93.2 93.3
92.3 92.4 92.6 92.6 92.8
88.8 89.1 89.5 89.2 88.8
66.0 67.0 67.6 68.1 67.9
16.8 16.9 17.1 16.5 16.9
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................ 2004 ............................................
74.8 74.4 74.1 73.5 73.3
52.8 50.2 47.5 44.3 43.9
76.7 76.5 76.3 75.9 75.8
82.6 81.6 80.7 80.0 79.6
93.4 92.7 92.4 91.8 91.9
92.7 92.5 92.1 92.1 91.9
88.6 88.5 88.5 87.7 87.5
67.3 68.3 69.2 68.7 68.7
17.7 17.7 17.9 18.6 19.0
43
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-8. Civilian Labor Force Participation Rates by Sex, Race, Age, and Hispanic Origin, 1948–2004 —Continued (Percent.) 20 years and over Year, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
16 years and over
16 to 19 years Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Women 1948 ............................................ 1949 ............................................
32.7 33.1
42.0 42.4
31.8 32.3
45.3 45.0
33.2 33.4
36.9 38.1
35.0 35.9
24.3 25.3
9.1 9.6
1950 ............................................ 1951 ............................................ 1952 ............................................ 1953 ............................................ 1954 ............................................
33.9 34.6 34.7 34.4 34.6
41.0 42.4 42.2 40.7 39.4
33.3 34.0 34.1 33.9 34.2
46.0 46.5 44.7 44.3 45.1
34.0 35.4 35.4 34.0 34.4
39.1 39.8 40.4 41.3 41.2
37.9 39.7 40.1 40.4 41.2
27.0 27.6 28.7 29.1 30.0
9.7 8.9 9.1 10.0 9.3
1955 ............................................ 1956 ............................................ 1957 ............................................ 1958 ............................................ 1959 ............................................
35.7 36.9 36.9 37.1 37.1
39.7 42.2 41.1 39.0 38.2
35.4 36.4 36.5 36.9 37.1
45.9 46.3 45.9 46.3 45.1
34.9 35.4 35.6 35.6 35.3
41.6 43.1 43.3 43.4 43.4
43.8 45.5 46.5 47.8 49.0
32.5 34.9 34.5 35.2 36.6
10.6 10.8 10.5 10.3 10.2
1960 ............................................ 1961 ............................................ 1962 ............................................ 1963 ............................................ 1964 ............................................
37.7 38.1 37.9 38.3 38.7
39.3 39.7 39.0 38.0 37.0
37.6 38.0 37.8 38.3 38.9
46.1 47.0 47.3 47.5 49.4
36.0 36.4 36.3 37.2 37.2
43.4 43.8 44.1 44.9 45.0
49.9 50.1 50.0 50.6 51.4
37.2 37.9 38.7 39.7 40.2
10.8 10.7 10.0 9.6 10.1
1965 ............................................ 1966 ............................................ 1967 ............................................ 1968 ............................................ 1969 ............................................
39.3 40.3 41.1 41.6 42.7
38.0 41.4 41.6 41.9 43.2
39.4 40.1 41.1 41.6 42.7
49.9 51.5 53.3 54.5 56.7
38.5 39.8 41.9 42.6 43.7
46.1 46.8 48.1 48.9 49.9
50.9 51.7 51.8 52.3 53.8
41.1 41.8 42.4 42.4 43.1
10.0 9.6 9.6 9.6 9.9
1970 ............................................ 1971 ............................................ 1972 ............................................ 1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
43.3 43.4 43.9 44.7 45.7
44.0 43.4 45.8 47.8 49.1
43.3 43.3 43.7 44.4 45.3
57.7 57.7 59.1 61.1 63.1
45.0 45.6 47.8 50.4 52.6
51.1 51.6 52.0 53.3 54.7
54.4 54.3 53.9 53.7 54.6
43.0 42.9 42.1 41.1 40.7
9.7 9.5 9.3 8.9 8.1
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
46.3 47.3 48.4 50.0 50.9
49.1 49.8 51.2 53.7 54.2
46.0 47.0 48.1 49.6 50.6
64.1 65.0 66.5 68.3 69.0
54.9 57.3 59.7 62.2 63.9
55.8 57.8 59.6 61.6 63.6
54.6 55.0 55.8 57.1 58.3
40.9 41.0 40.9 41.3 41.7
8.2 8.2 8.1 8.3 8.3
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
51.5 52.1 52.6 52.9 53.6
52.9 51.8 51.4 50.8 51.8
51.3 52.1 52.7 53.1 53.7
68.9 69.6 69.8 69.9 70.4
65.5 66.7 68.0 69.0 69.8
65.5 66.8 68.0 68.7 70.1
59.9 61.1 61.6 61.9 62.9
41.3 41.4 41.8 41.5 41.7
8.1 8.0 7.9 7.8 7.5
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
54.5 55.3 56.0 56.6 57.4
52.1 53.0 53.3 53.6 53.9
54.7 55.5 56.2 56.8 57.7
71.8 72.4 73.0 72.7 72.4
70.9 71.6 72.4 72.7 73.5
71.8 73.1 74.5 75.2 76.0
64.4 65.9 67.1 69.0 70.5
42.0 42.3 42.7 43.5 45.0
7.3 7.4 7.4 7.9 8.4
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
57.5 57.4 57.8 57.9 58.8
51.6 50.0 49.1 49.7 51.3
58.0 57.9 58.5 58.5 59.3
71.3 70.1 70.9 70.9 71.0
73.5 73.1 73.9 73.4 74.0
76.4 76.5 76.7 76.6 77.1
71.2 72.0 72.6 73.5 74.6
45.2 45.2 46.5 47.2 48.9
8.6 8.5 8.3 8.1 9.2
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
58.9 59.3 59.8 59.8 60.0
52.2 51.3 51.0 52.3 51.0
59.4 59.9 60.5 60.4 60.7
70.3 71.3 72.7 73.0 73.2
74.9 75.2 76.0 76.3 76.4
77.2 77.5 77.7 77.1 77.2
74.4 75.4 76.0 76.2 76.7
49.2 49.6 50.9 51.2 51.5
8.8 8.6 8.6 8.6 8.9
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................ 2004 ............................................
59.9 59.8 59.6 59.5 59.2
51.2 49.0 47.3 44.8 43.8
60.6 60.6 60.5 60.6 60.3
73.1 72.7 72.1 70.8 70.5
76.1 75.5 75.1 74.1 73.6
77.2 77.1 76.4 76.0 75.6
76.8 76.4 76.0 76.8 76.5
51.9 53.2 55.2 56.6 56.3
9.4 9.6 9.8 10.6 11.1
44
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-8. Civilian Labor Force Participation Rates by Sex, Race, Age, and Hispanic Origin, 1948–2004 —Continued (Percent.) 20 years and over Year, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
16 years and over
16 to 19 years Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
White1 1954 ............................................
58.2
48.8
58.9
61.0
63.5
68.0
67.9
58.4
23.7
1955 ............................................ 1956 ............................................ 1957 ............................................ 1958 ............................................ 1959 ............................................
58.7 59.4 59.1 58.9 58.7
49.3 51.3 50.3 47.9 47.4
59.5 60.1 59.8 59.8 59.7
62.4 64.1 63.7 64.1 63.7
64.0 64.0 64.1 64.2 64.3
68.3 68.9 68.8 68.8 68.7
69.2 70.1 70.5 71.0 71.5
59.3 60.6 59.9 60.3 60.7
23.9 24.2 22.8 21.7 21.0
1960 ............................................ 1961 ............................................ 1962 ............................................ 1963 ............................................ 1964 ............................................
58.8 58.8 58.3 58.2 58.2
47.9 47.4 46.6 45.7 45.1
59.8 59.9 59.4 59.4 59.6
64.8 65.5 65.0 64.9 65.8
64.7 64.8 64.4 64.8 64.9
68.6 68.8 69.0 69.4 69.5
71.7 71.7 71.8 72.3 72.5
60.6 61.3 61.3 61.8 61.8
20.8 20.0 19.0 17.9 17.8
1965 ............................................ 1966 ............................................ 1967 ............................................ 1968 ............................................ 1969 ............................................
58.4 58.7 59.2 59.3 59.9
46.5 49.1 49.2 49.3 50.6
59.7 59.8 60.3 60.4 60.9
65.7 66.0 66.8 66.6 67.9
65.6 66.3 67.4 67.9 68.4
70.1 70.4 71.2 71.7 72.3
72.2 72.5 72.5 72.7 73.3
61.7 61.9 62.3 62.2 62.1
17.7 17.1 17.0 17.1 17.2
1970 ............................................ 1971 ............................................ 1972 ............................................ 1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
60.2 60.1 60.4 60.8 61.4
51.4 51.6 54.1 56.0 57.3
61.2 61.1 61.2 61.4 61.9
69.2 69.6 71.2 73.3 74.8
69.1 69.3 70.4 72.0 73.4
72.9 73.0 73.2 73.9 74.6
73.5 73.4 72.9 72.7 73.0
61.8 61.3 60.3 58.6 58.0
16.8 16.1 15.4 14.4 13.9
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
61.5 61.8 62.5 63.3 63.9
56.7 57.5 59.3 60.8 61.1
62.0 62.3 62.9 63.6 64.2
75.2 76.0 77.1 78.1 78.9
74.4 75.6 77.0 78.3 79.4
75.1 76.1 77.1 78.1 79.3
73.0 73.0 73.2 73.8 74.6
57.4 56.9 56.6 56.4 56.5
13.6 13.0 12.9 13.1 12.9
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
64.1 64.3 64.3 64.3 64.6
60.0 58.9 57.5 56.9 57.2
64.5 64.8 65.0 65.0 65.3
78.7 79.1 78.9 79.0 79.4
80.2 81.0 81.6 81.8 82.5
80.3 81.0 81.5 81.9 82.6
75.4 76.2 76.4 76.5 77.0
56.0 55.2 55.3 54.7 54.5
12.5 12.2 12.0 11.8 11.1
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
65.0 65.5 65.8 66.2 66.7
57.5 57.8 57.7 58.6 59.1
65.7 66.1 66.5 66.8 67.3
79.9 80.6 80.7 80.6 80.2
83.1 83.6 84.0 84.1 84.5
83.4 84.0 84.7 85.0 85.5
77.8 78.5 79.1 80.3 81.2
54.4 54.3 54.6 55.1 56.2
10.7 11.0 11.1 11.4 11.8
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
66.9 66.6 66.8 66.8 67.1
57.5 55.8 54.7 55.1 56.4
67.6 67.4 67.7 67.6 67.9
79.8 78.9 79.4 79.5 79.5
84.6 84.3 84.6 84.5 84.4
85.9 85.9 85.8 85.7 85.7
81.3 81.8 82.2 82.5 82.7
56.5 56.0 56.8 57.1 57.6
11.9 11.6 11.6 11.4 12.5
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
67.1 67.2 67.5 67.3 67.3
57.1 55.9 55.2 56.0 55.5
67.8 68.1 68.4 68.2 68.2
78.7 79.1 79.6 79.5 79.5
84.9 84.9 85.3 85.4 85.1
85.5 85.7 85.8 85.3 85.4
82.5 83.1 83.5 83.4 83.5
58.0 58.7 59.9 60.1 60.2
12.3 12.3 12.3 12.0 12.5
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................ 2004 ............................................
67.3 67.0 66.8 66.5 66.3
55.5 53.1 50.5 47.7 47.1
68.2 68.1 68.1 67.9 67.7
79.9 79.2 78.6 77.7 77.1
85.1 84.5 84.5 83.6 83.5
85.4 85.2 84.7 84.3 84.1
83.5 83.3 83.0 83.0 82.9
60.0 61.2 62.8 63.3 63.2
13.0 13.0 13.3 14.1 14.6
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
45
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-8. Civilian Labor Force Participation Rates by Sex, Race, Age, and Hispanic Origin, 1948–2004 —Continued (Percent.) 20 years and over Year, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
16 years and over
16 to 19 years Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Black1 1972 ............................................ 1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
59.9 60.2 59.8
39.1 39.8 39.8
63.3 63.4 63.0
68.6 69.7 69.8
74.9 75.7 75.8
74.4 74.5 74.6
70.0 70.3 69.1
56.9 55.9 54.7
17.5 16.0 15.1
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
58.8 59.0 59.8 61.5 61.4
38.2 37.0 37.9 41.0 40.1
62.0 62.5 63.2 64.5 64.5
66.1 66.8 68.2 69.9 70.0
75.6 77.4 78.3 79.6 79.2
74.1 74.9 75.9 77.4 77.9
69.0 68.6 69.0 70.4 71.1
54.3 53.4 53.7 54.8 53.5
14.9 14.9 14.5 15.3 14.5
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
61.0 60.8 61.0 61.5 62.2
38.9 37.7 36.6 36.4 38.3
64.1 64.2 64.3 64.9 65.2
69.0 69.2 68.6 68.4 69.2
79.5 78.5 78.7 79.8 79.3
77.4 78.4 79.8 80.2 81.0
71.4 71.2 71.1 72.1 73.0
52.6 52.8 52.3 52.5 51.6
13.0 12.0 11.5 10.5 10.3
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
62.9 63.3 63.8 63.8 64.2
41.2 41.3 41.6 40.8 42.5
65.6 65.9 66.5 66.5 66.7
70.0 71.7 70.5 70.5 72.2
79.8 80.1 80.7 80.8 80.9
81.5 81.9 82.6 82.6 82.7
73.4 74.3 74.7 75.0 75.5
51.4 50.6 52.4 50.6 48.3
11.2 9.7 10.7 11.5 11.6
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
64.0 63.3 63.9 63.2 63.4
38.7 35.4 37.9 37.0 38.5
66.9 66.4 66.8 66.0 66.0
68.8 67.7 67.4 67.8 68.8
79.7 78.5 79.7 78.3 78.3
82.4 82.0 81.4 81.0 80.8
76.5 76.2 76.2 75.2 74.8
49.6 50.4 51.6 50.2 49.3
11.1 10.7 10.6 9.5 10.6
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
63.7 64.1 64.7 65.6 65.8
39.9 39.2 38.7 41.6 38.7
66.3 66.9 67.6 68.2 68.9
68.7 69.0 70.9 70.6 71.4
80.0 81.1 82.0 83.0 85.2
80.4 81.0 81.4 82.2 83.0
74.1 74.9 76.3 76.7 76.4
50.3 50.9 50.5 52.3 51.4
10.5 9.8 10.0 10.3 10.4
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................ 2004 ............................................
65.8 65.3 64.8 64.3 63.8
39.4 37.6 36.0 32.4 31.4
68.7 68.2 67.8 67.6 67.2
71.8 69.9 68.6 68.2 68.3
84.1 83.6 82.4 81.6 81.2
82.3 82.0 81.6 82.9 82.1
76.9 75.9 76.1 75.8 75.5
52.5 53.9 54.7 54.4 54.4
11.6 12.6 12.5 12.9 13.1
Hispanic 1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
60.2 61.1
46.9 47.7
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
60.8 60.8 61.6 62.9 63.6
46.2 46.9 48.2 49.6 50.3
... 62.9 63.7 65.0 65.6
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
64.0 64.1 63.6 63.8 64.9
50.3 46.4 44.8 45.3 47.5
66.2 66.8 66.3 66.2 67.1
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
64.6 65.4 66.4 67.4 67.6
44.6 43.9 45.8 49.6 48.6
67.1 68.0 68.8 69.4 69.7
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
67.4 66.5 66.8 66.2 66.1
47.8 45.1 45.8 43.9 44.4
69.8 69.0 69.2 68.7 68.5
... ... ... ... 74.0
... ... ... ... 77.3
... ... ... ... 78.9
... ... ... ... 73.1
... ... ... ... 49.8
... ... ... ... 10.7
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
65.8 66.5 67.9 67.9 67.7
45.4 43.4 43.0 45.7 45.5
68.1 69.1 70.8 70.6 70.4
71.9 73.1 76.4 76.1 76.0
78.1 78.2 79.5 80.3 78.6
78.5 79.5 80.9 80.0 81.3
72.8 74.6 75.4 75.3 75.9
48.6 52.2 53.8 55.4 54.1
10.5 11.0 11.9 10.1 11.6
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................ 2004 ............................................
69.7 69.5 69.1 68.3 68.6
46.3 46.9 44.0 37.7 38.2
72.5 72.0 71.8 71.4 71.7
78.2 76.6 76.3 75.6 74.5
80.4 80.0 80.5 79.4 79.4
81.7 81.9 81.1 81.1 81.4
78.0 77.4 76.1 75.3 77.6
54.2 55.1 55.8 57.4 58.1
12.3 10.9 11.9 12.8 14.5
1Beginning in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race. . . . = Not available.
46
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-8. Civilian Labor Force Participation Rates by Sex, Race, Age, and Hispanic Origin, 1948–2004 —Continued (Percent.) 20 years and over Year, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
16 years and over
16 to 19 years Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
White Men1 1954 ............................................
85.6
57.6
87.8
86.3
97.5
98.2
96.8
89.1
40.4
1955 ............................................ 1956 ............................................ 1957 ............................................ 1958 ............................................ 1959 ............................................
85.4 85.6 84.8 84.3 83.8
58.6 60.4 59.2 56.5 55.9
87.5 87.6 86.9 86.6 86.3
86.5 87.6 86.6 86.7 87.3
97.8 97.4 97.2 97.2 97.5
98.2 98.1 98.0 98.0 98.0
96.7 96.8 96.7 96.6 96.3
88.4 88.9 88.0 88.2 87.9
39.6 40.0 37.7 35.7 34.3
1960 ............................................ 1961 ............................................ 1962 ............................................ 1963 ............................................ 1964 ............................................
83.4 83.0 82.1 81.5 81.1
55.9 54.5 53.8 53.1 52.7
86.0 85.7 84.9 84.4 84.2
87.8 87.6 86.5 85.8 85.7
97.7 97.7 97.4 97.4 97.5
97.9 97.9 97.9 97.8 97.6
96.1 95.9 96.0 96.2 96.1
87.2 87.8 86.7 86.6 86.1
33.3 31.9 30.6 28.4 27.9
1965 ............................................ 1966 ............................................ 1967 ............................................ 1968 ............................................ 1969 ............................................
80.8 80.6 80.6 80.4 80.2
54.1 55.9 56.3 55.9 56.8
83.9 83.6 83.5 83.2 83.0
85.3 84.4 84.0 82.4 82.6
97.4 97.5 97.5 97.2 97.0
97.7 97.6 97.7 97.6 97.4
95.9 95.8 95.6 95.4 95.1
85.2 84.9 84.9 84.7 83.9
27.9 27.2 27.1 27.4 27.3
1970 ............................................ 1971 ............................................ 1972 ............................................ 1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
80.0 79.6 79.6 79.4 79.4
57.5 57.9 60.1 62.0 62.9
82.8 82.3 82.0 81.6 81.4
83.3 83.2 84.3 85.8 86.6
96.7 96.3 96.0 96.2 96.3
97.3 97.0 97.0 96.8 96.7
94.9 94.7 94.0 93.5 93.0
83.3 82.6 81.1 78.9 78.0
26.7 25.6 24.4 22.7 22.4
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
78.7 78.4 78.5 78.6 78.6
61.9 62.3 64.0 65.0 64.8
80.7 80.3 80.2 80.1 80.1
85.5 86.3 86.8 87.3 87.6
95.8 95.9 96.0 95.9 96.0
96.4 96.0 96.2 96.3 96.4
92.9 92.5 92.1 92.1 92.2
76.4 75.2 74.6 73.7 73.4
21.7 20.2 20.0 20.3 20.0
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
78.2 77.9 77.4 77.1 77.1
63.7 62.4 60.0 59.4 59.0
79.8 79.5 79.2 78.9 78.7
87.2 87.0 86.3 86.1 86.5
95.9 95.8 95.6 95.2 95.4
96.2 96.1 96.0 96.0 96.1
92.1 92.4 92.2 91.9 92.0
73.1 71.5 71.0 70.0 69.5
19.1 18.5 17.9 17.7 16.4
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
77.0 76.9 76.8 76.9 77.1
59.7 59.3 59.0 60.0 61.0
78.5 78.5 78.4 78.3 78.5
86.4 87.3 86.9 86.6 86.8
95.7 95.5 95.5 95.2 95.4
95.7 95.4 95.4 95.4 95.3
92.0 91.8 91.6 91.8 92.2
68.8 68.0 68.1 67.9 68.3
15.9 16.3 16.5 16.7 16.8
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
77.1 76.5 76.5 76.2 75.9
59.6 57.3 56.9 56.6 57.7
78.5 78.0 78.0 77.7 77.3
86.2 85.4 85.2 85.5 85.5
95.2 94.9 94.9 94.7 93.9
95.3 95.0 94.7 94.5 93.9
91.7 91.4 91.8 91.3 90.3
68.6 67.7 67.7 67.3 66.4
16.6 15.9 16.2 15.9 17.2
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
75.7 75.8 75.9 75.6 75.6
58.5 57.1 56.1 56.6 56.4
77.1 77.3 77.5 77.2 77.2
85.1 85.0 85.1 84.6 84.9
94.1 94.4 94.2 94.4 94.3
93.4 93.6 93.7 93.7 93.8
90.0 90.4 90.6 90.3 90.1
67.1 68.0 68.9 69.1 69.1
16.9 17.2 17.4 16.6 17.2
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................ 2004 ............................................
75.5 75.1 74.8 74.2 74.1
56.5 53.7 50.3 47.5 47.4
77.1 76.9 76.7 76.3 76.2
85.2 84.1 83.2 82.5 82.1
94.5 93.9 93.7 93.3 93.2
93.8 93.6 93.2 93.1 93.0
89.7 89.7 89.6 88.8 88.7
68.2 69.1 70.2 69.7 69.8
17.9 17.8 17.8 18.6 19.1
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
47
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-8. Civilian Labor Force Participation Rates by Sex, Race, Age, and Hispanic Origin, 1948–2004 —Continued (Percent.) 20 years and over Year, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
16 years and over
16 to 19 years Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
White Women1 1954 ............................................
33.3
40.6
32.7
44.4
32.5
39.3
39.8
29.1
9.1
1955 ............................................ 1956 ............................................ 1957 ............................................ 1958 ............................................ 1959 ............................................
34.5 35.7 35.7 35.8 36.0
40.7 43.1 42.2 40.1 39.6
34.0 35.1 35.2 35.5 35.6
45.8 46.5 45.8 46.0 44.5
32.8 33.2 33.6 33.6 33.4
40.0 41.5 41.5 41.4 41.4
42.7 44.4 45.4 46.5 47.8
31.8 34.0 33.7 34.5 35.7
10.5 10.6 10.2 10.1 10.0
1960 ............................................ 1961 ............................................ 1962 ............................................ 1963 ............................................ 1964 ............................................
36.5 36.9 36.7 37.2 37.5
40.3 40.6 39.8 38.7 37.8
36.2 36.6 36.5 37.0 37.5
45.7 46.9 47.1 47.3 48.8
34.1 34.3 34.1 34.8 35.0
41.5 41.8 42.2 43.1 43.3
48.6 48.9 48.9 49.5 50.2
36.2 37.2 38.0 38.9 39.4
10.6 10.5 9.8 9.4 9.9
1965 ............................................ 1966 ............................................ 1967 ............................................ 1968 ............................................ 1969 ............................................
38.1 39.2 40.1 40.7 41.8
39.2 42.6 42.5 43.0 44.6
38.0 38.8 39.8 40.4 41.5
49.2 51.0 53.1 54.0 56.4
36.3 37.7 39.7 40.6 41.7
44.4 45.0 46.4 47.5 48.6
49.9 50.6 50.9 51.5 53.0
40.3 41.1 41.9 42.0 42.6
9.7 9.4 9.3 9.4 9.7
1970 ............................................ 1971 ............................................ 1972 ............................................ 1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
42.6 42.6 43.2 44.1 45.2
45.6 45.4 48.1 50.1 51.7
42.2 42.3 42.7 43.5 44.4
57.7 58.0 59.4 61.7 63.9
43.2 43.7 46.0 48.7 51.3
49.9 50.2 50.7 52.2 53.6
53.7 53.6 53.4 53.4 54.3
42.6 42.5 41.9 40.7 40.4
9.5 9.3 9.0 8.7 8.0
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
45.9 46.9 48.0 49.4 50.5
51.5 52.8 54.5 56.7 57.4
45.3 46.2 47.3 48.7 49.8
65.5 66.3 67.8 69.3 70.5
53.8 56.0 58.5 61.2 63.1
54.9 57.1 58.9 60.7 63.0
54.3 54.7 55.3 56.7 58.1
40.6 40.7 40.7 41.1 41.5
8.0 7.9 7.9 8.1 8.1
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
51.2 51.9 52.4 52.7 53.3
56.2 55.4 55.0 54.5 55.4
50.6 51.5 52.2 52.5 53.1
70.6 71.5 71.8 72.1 72.5
64.8 66.4 67.8 68.7 69.8
65.0 66.4 67.5 68.2 69.6
59.6 60.9 61.4 61.9 62.7
40.9 40.9 41.5 41.1 41.2
7.9 7.9 7.8 7.8 7.5
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
54.1 55.0 55.7 56.4 57.2
55.2 56.3 56.5 57.2 57.1
54.0 54.9 55.6 56.3 57.2
73.8 74.1 74.8 74.9 74.0
70.9 71.8 72.5 73.0 73.8
71.4 72.9 74.2 74.9 75.9
64.2 65.8 67.2 69.2 70.6
41.5 42.1 42.4 43.6 45.2
7.0 7.3 7.2 7.7 8.2
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
57.4 57.4 57.7 58.0 58.9
55.3 54.1 52.5 53.5 55.1
57.6 57.6 58.1 58.3 59.2
73.4 72.5 73.5 73.4 73.4
74.1 73.8 74.4 74.3 74.9
76.6 76.8 77.0 76.9 77.5
71.3 72.4 72.8 74.0 75.2
45.5 45.4 46.8 47.6 49.4
8.5 8.5 8.2 8.1 9.2
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
59.0 59.1 59.5 59.4 59.6
55.5 54.7 54.1 55.4 54.5
59.2 59.4 59.9 59.7 59.9
72.3 73.3 73.9 74.3 73.9
75.8 75.5 76.3 76.3 76.0
77.6 77.8 77.9 76.9 77.1
75.2 76.1 76.6 76.6 77.1
49.5 50.1 51.5 51.6 52.0
9.0 8.7 8.6 8.7 8.9
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................ 2004 ............................................
59.5 59.4 59.3 59.2 58.9
54.5 52.4 50.8 47.9 46.7
59.9 59.9 60.0 59.9 59.7
74.5 74.2 74.0 72.7 71.9
75.7 75.1 75.0 73.7 73.6
77.2 77.0 76.3 75.5 75.2
77.5 77.1 76.6 77.3 77.1
52.4 53.8 55.8 57.4 57.0
9.4 9.6 9.9 10.8 11.2
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
48
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-8. Civilian Labor Force Participation Rates by Sex, Race, Age, and Hispanic Origin, 1948–2004 —Continued (Percent.) 20 years and over Year, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
16 years and over
16 to 19 years Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Black Men1 1972 ............................................ 1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
73.6 73.4 72.9
46.3 45.7 46.7
78.5 78.4 77.6
82.7 83.7 83.6
92.7 91.8 92.8
91.1 91.0 90.4
85.4 87.4 84.0
72.5 69.5 68.9
24.2 22.3 21.6
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
70.9 70.0 70.6 71.5 71.3
42.6 41.3 43.2 44.9 43.6
76.0 75.4 75.6 76.2 76.3
78.7 79.0 79.2 78.8 80.7
91.6 90.9 90.7 90.9 90.8
89.4 89.9 91.0 90.5 90.4
83.5 82.4 82.0 83.2 84.5
67.7 65.1 65.5 67.9 64.8
20.7 19.8 20.0 21.1 19.5
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
70.3 70.0 70.1 70.6 70.8
43.2 41.6 39.8 39.9 41.7
75.1 74.5 74.7 75.2 74.8
79.9 79.2 78.7 79.4 79.1
90.9 88.9 89.2 89.0 88.9
89.1 89.3 89.8 89.7 90.0
83.0 82.7 82.2 84.5 83.7
61.9 62.1 61.9 62.6 58.9
16.9 16.0 15.9 14.0 13.7
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
70.8 71.2 71.1 71.0 71.0
44.6 43.7 43.6 43.8 44.6
74.4 74.8 74.7 74.6 74.4
79.0 80.1 77.8 79.3 80.2
88.8 89.6 89.4 89.3 89.7
89.8 89.6 88.6 88.2 88.7
83.0 84.1 83.7 83.5 82.5
58.9 59.1 62.1 59.4 55.5
13.9 12.6 13.7 14.3 14.3
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
71.0 70.4 70.7 69.6 69.1
40.7 37.3 40.6 39.5 40.8
75.0 74.6 74.3 73.2 72.5
76.8 76.7 75.4 74.1 73.9
88.8 87.3 88.0 87.3 86.2
88.1 87.7 86.5 86.1 85.9
83.5 83.4 81.8 80.0 79.1
58.0 58.7 60.0 57.9 54.5
13.0 13.0 13.7 11.6 12.7
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
69.0 68.7 68.3 69.0 68.7
40.1 39.5 37.4 40.7 38.6
72.5 72.3 72.2 72.5 72.4
74.6 73.4 72.1 71.8 69.8
87.5 87.5 86.8 87.1 89.2
84.1 84.4 84.8 85.0 86.0
78.5 78.5 80.1 79.9 78.5
54.4 55.6 54.3 57.3 55.5
14.9 12.9 12.9 14.0 12.7
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................ 2004 ............................................
69.2 68.4 68.4 67.3 66.7
39.2 37.9 37.3 31.1 30.0
72.8 72.1 72.1 71.5 70.9
73.3 69.7 70.7 71.1 69.9
87.8 86.6 85.9 84.7 86.1
85.2 84.9 84.7 85.7 84.0
79.2 78.4 79.5 77.7 76.9
57.4 58.9 58.4 57.6 57.1
14.4 16.7 16.9 17.0 17.0
Black Women1 1972 ............................................ 1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
48.7 49.3 49.0
32.2 34.2 33.4
51.2 51.6 51.4
57.0 58.0 58.8
60.8 62.7 62.4
61.4 61.7 62.2
57.2 56.1 56.4
44.0 44.7 42.8
12.6 11.4 10.4
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
48.8 49.8 50.8 53.1 53.1
34.2 32.9 32.9 37.3 36.8
51.1 52.5 53.6 55.5 55.4
55.9 56.9 59.3 62.7 61.5
62.8 66.7 68.5 70.6 70.1
62.0 63.0 64.1 67.2 68.0
56.6 56.8 57.9 59.4 59.6
43.1 43.7 43.7 43.8 44.0
10.7 11.3 10.5 11.1 10.9
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
53.1 53.5 53.7 54.2 55.2
34.9 34.0 33.5 33.0 35.0
55.6 56.0 56.2 56.8 57.6
60.2 61.1 60.1 59.1 60.7
70.5 70.0 70.2 72.3 71.5
68.1 69.8 71.7 72.6 73.7
61.4 62.0 62.4 62.3 64.5
44.8 45.4 44.8 44.8 46.1
10.2 9.3 8.5 8.2 8.0
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
56.5 56.9 58.0 58.0 58.7
37.9 39.1 39.6 37.9 40.4
58.6 58.9 60.0 60.1 60.6
62.5 64.6 64.4 63.2 65.5
72.4 72.4 73.5 73.7 73.6
74.8 75.8 77.8 78.1 78.0
65.7 66.5 67.5 68.3 70.0
45.3 43.6 44.4 43.4 42.4
9.4 7.8 8.6 9.6 9.8
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
58.3 57.5 58.5 57.9 58.7
36.8 33.5 35.2 34.6 36.3
60.6 60.0 60.8 60.2 60.9
62.4 60.3 60.8 62.6 64.5
72.3 71.4 73.1 70.9 71.9
77.7 77.2 77.1 76.8 76.4
70.7 70.2 71.7 71.2 71.3
43.2 44.1 45.1 44.4 45.3
9.9 9.2 8.6 8.3 9.2
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
59.5 60.4 61.7 62.8 63.5
39.8 38.9 39.9 42.5 38.8
61.4 62.6 64.0 64.8 66.1
63.7 65.2 69.9 69.6 72.7
73.9 75.9 78.1 79.6 82.1
77.3 78.2 78.4 79.9 80.4
70.5 72.0 73.2 74.0 74.6
47.2 47.2 47.6 48.5 48.4
7.7 7.7 8.2 7.9 8.9
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................ 2004 ............................................
63.1 62.8 61.8 61.9 61.5
39.6 37.3 34.7 33.7 32.8
65.4 65.2 64.4 64.6 64.2
70.5 70.1 66.9 65.7 66.8
81.1 81.2 79.7 79.1 77.2
79.9 79.6 79.2 80.6 80.6
74.9 73.9 73.3 74.2 74.3
48.6 49.9 51.8 51.9 52.3
9.9 10.1 9.8 10.3 10.7
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
49
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-8. Civilian Labor Force Participation Rates by Sex, Race, Age, and Hispanic Origin, 1948–2004 —Continued (Percent.) 20 years and over Year, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
16 years and over
16 to 19 years Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Hispanic Men 1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
81.5 81.7
... ...
85.9 86.0
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
80.7 79.6 80.9 81.1 81.3
... ... ... ... ...
85.5 84.2 84.8 84.9 85.3
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
81.4 80.6 79.7 80.3 80.6
... ... ... ... ...
84.9 84.7 84.0 84.1 84.3
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
80.3 81.0 81.0 81.9 82.0
... ... ... ... ...
84.0 84.6 84.5 85.0 85.0
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
81.4 80.3 80.7 80.2 79.2
... ... ... ... 50.0
84.7 83.8 84.0 83.5 82.5
... ... ... ... 88.0
... ... ... ... 92.5
... ... ... ... 91.5
... ... ... ... 85.7
... ... ... ... 63.6
... ... ... ... 14.4
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
79.1 79.6 80.1 79.8 79.8
50.2 50.0 47.4 48.7 50.1
82.4 83.0 84.1 83.6 83.5
86.2 85.7 88.1 88.1 88.1
92.9 93.2 93.5 94.0 93.9
91.3 91.7 91.9 91.4 92.2
85.6 87.0 87.8 86.7 86.2
62.4 65.9 68.4 70.2 68.6
15.8 16.7 17.3 14.9 18.2
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................ 2004 ............................................
81.5 81.0 80.2 80.1 80.4
50.7 52.2 48.8 40.9 42.4
85.3 84.3 83.6 84.1 84.2
89.1 86.8 86.1 86.2 84.4
94.1 93.4 93.5 93.6 93.6
93.3 92.7 92.1 92.9 93.2
87.6 86.7 86.1 85.4 87.2
69.4 68.6 67.3 68.8 69.6
18.5 16.8 16.3 17.4 20.8
Hispanic Women 1973 ............................................ 1974 ............................................
41.0 42.4
... ...
41.3 42.7
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
1975 ............................................ 1976 ............................................ 1977 ............................................ 1978 ............................................ 1979 ............................................
43.2 44.3 44.3 46.6 47.4
... ... ... ... ...
43.8 44.6 45.1 47.2 48.0
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1980 ............................................ 1981 ............................................ 1982 ............................................ 1983 ............................................ 1984 ............................................
47.4 48.3 48.1 47.7 49.6
... ... ... ... ...
48.5 49.7 49.3 49.0 50.5
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1985 ............................................ 1986 ............................................ 1987 ............................................ 1988 ............................................ 1989 ............................................
49.3 50.1 52.0 53.2 53.5
... ... ... ... ...
50.6 51.7 53.3 54.2 54.9
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1990 ............................................ 1991 ............................................ 1992 ............................................ 1993 ............................................ 1994 ............................................
53.1 52.4 52.8 52.1 52.9
... ... ... ... 38.7
54.8 54.0 54.3 53.8 54.4
... ... ... ... 57.9
... ... ... ... 60.5
... ... ... ... 66.4
... ... ... ... 61.4
... ... ... ... 38.1
... ... ... ... 7.9
1995 ............................................ 1996 ............................................ 1997 ............................................ 1998 ............................................ 1999 ............................................
52.6 53.4 55.1 55.6 55.9
40.4 36.5 38.0 42.4 40.6
53.9 55.2 57.0 57.1 57.7
55.9 59.2 62.3 62.2 63.0
61.6 62.0 63.7 64.5 62.7
65.9 67.0 69.3 67.9 70.5
60.5 62.7 63.3 64.7 66.2
37.2 40.5 40.6 41.9 42.4
6.6 6.9 8.1 6.6 6.5
2000 ............................................ 2001 ............................................ 2002 ............................................ 2003 ............................................ 2004 ............................................
57.5 57.6 57.6 55.9 56.1
41.4 41.1 38.8 34.5 33.7
59.3 59.3 59.5 58.1 58.4
65.0 64.6 65.0 63.3 62.9
65.3 65.2 65.8 62.9 62.9
69.9 70.3 69.5 68.5 68.7
68.5 68.3 66.3 65.3 67.9
41.2 43.2 46.1 47.1 47.8
7.7 6.7 8.5 9.4 9.8
Note: Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. . . . = Not available.
50
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-9. Employed and Unemployed Full- and Part-Time Workers by Age, Sex, and Race, 1994–2004 (Thousands of people.) Employed 1
Unemployed
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
At work
At work 2
Year, age, sex, and race Total
1 to 34 hours for 35 hours or economic or more noneconomic reasons
Not at work
Total
Part-time for economic reasons
Part-time for noneconomic reasons
Not at work
Looking for full-time work
Looking for part-time work
Total, 16 Years and Over 1994 ............................................................. 1995 ............................................................. 1996 ............................................................. 1997 ............................................................. 1998 ............................................................. 1999 .............................................................
99 772 101 679 103 537 106 334 108 202 110 302
85 686 87 736 89 020 92 399 91 880 96 276
9 980 9 924 10 381 9 922 12 260 10 079
4 106 4 020 4 137 4 013 4 062 3 947
23 288 23 220 23 170 23 224 23 261 23 186
3 453 3 215 3 080 2 826 2 497 2 216
18 321 18 443 18 459 18 856 19 239 19 509
1 513 1 562 1 631 1 542 1 524 1 461
6 513 5 909 5 803 5 395 4 916 4 669
1 483 1 495 1 433 1 344 1 293 1 211
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
113 846 113 573 112 700 113 324 114 518
100 533 99 047 99 042 99 539 100 496
9 125 10 464 9 746 9 841 10 053
4 188 4 061 3 912 3 944 3 969
23 044 23 361 23 785 24 412 24 734
2 003 2 297 2 755 3 184 3 113
19 548 19 494 19 549 19 702 20 109
1 493 1 570 1 481 1 525 1 513
4 538 5 546 7 063 7 361 6 762
1 154 1 254 1 314 1 413 1 388
Total, 20 Years and Over 1994 ............................................................. 1995 ............................................................. 1996 ............................................................. 1997 ............................................................. 1998 ............................................................. 1999 .............................................................
97 890 99 651 101 496 104 168 105 882 107 917
84 126 86 043 87 344 90 613 89 966 94 270
9 711 9 643 10 070 9 601 11 915 9 754
4 052 3 965 4 083 3 954 4 001 3 893
19 010 18 830 18 712 18 729 18 530 18 399
3 094 2 853 2 733 2 500 2 197 1 939
14 580 14 613 14 556 14 872 15 007 15 187
1 337 1 365 1 423 1 357 1 326 1 273
5 865 5 253 5 157 4 748 4 332 4 094
811 806 773 719 672 624
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
111 353 111 323 110 679 111 578 112 747
98 439 97 161 97 342 98 087 99 034
8 787 10 156 9 474 9 587 9 789
4 127 4 006 3 862 3 904 3 924
18 348 18 870 19 475 20 239 20 598
1 747 2 013 2 448 2 875 2 817
15 297 15 486 15 704 16 001 16 436
1 304 1 371 1 322 1 363 1 345
3 978 4 956 6 395 6 705 6 178
632 682 730 818 764
Men, 16 Years and Over 1994 ............................................................. 1995 ............................................................. 1996 ............................................................. 1997 ............................................................. 1998 ............................................................. 1999 .............................................................
58 832 59 936 60 762 62 258 63 189 63 930
51 615 52 833 53 425 55 216 55 080 57 034
5 144 5 120 5 290 5 040 6 136 4 971
2 073 1 984 2 047 2 001 1 973 1 924
7 617 7 441 7 445 7 427 7 504 7 516
1 524 1 401 1 322 1 187 1 063 946
5 691 5 626 5 692 5 821 6 026 6 178
403 414 431 418 416 392
3 745 3 374 3 276 3 012 2 707 2 548
622 609 604 564 559 518
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
65 930 65 623 65 205 65 379 66 444
59 345 58 386 58 318 58 428 59 363
4 555 5 241 4 971 5 023 5 148
2 030 1 996 1 916 1 927 1 933
7 375 7 573 7 697 7 953 8 080
856 1 021 1 246 1 473 1 405
6 105 6 129 6 050 6 056 6 258
414 424 401 423 417
2 486 3 144 4 029 4 291 3 843
488 546 568 615 613
Men, 20 Years and Over 1994 ............................................................. 1995 ............................................................. 1996 ............................................................. 1997 ............................................................. 1998 ............................................................. 1999 .............................................................
57 707 58 707 59 543 60 974 61 837 62 514
50 678 51 793 52 411 54 148 53 947 55 827
4 989 4 960 5 117 4 857 5 950 4 790
2 040 1 955 2 015 1 969 1 940 1 897
5 587 5 377 5 354 5 310 5 297 5 247
1 351 1 228 1 155 1 023 925 809
3 908 3 828 3 859 3 944 4 050 4 127
329 322 341 343 322 311
3 359 2 988 2 899 2 644 2 366 2 222
269 251 248 239 214 211
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
64 464 64 311 64 006 64 364 65 377
58 095 57 273 57 302 57 580 58 471
4 370 5 072 4 815 4 879 5 000
2 000 1 966 1 889 1 905 1 906
5 170 5 465 5 728 6 051 6 196
733 881 1 093 1 314 1 251
4 109 4 253 4 299 4 388 4 600
328 331 336 348 345
2 162 2 801 3 642 3 906 3 511
214 239 254 302 281
Women, 16 Years and Over 1994 ............................................................. 1995 ............................................................. 1996 ............................................................. 1997 ............................................................. 1998 ............................................................. 1999 .............................................................
40 940 41 743 42 776 44 076 45 014 46 372
34 071 34 903 35 594 37 183 36 800 39 242
4 836 4 805 5 091 4 882 6 124 5 108
2 033 2 036 2 090 2 011 2 090 2 022
15 670 15 779 15 725 15 797 15 757 15 670
1 929 1 814 1 758 1 638 1 435 1 270
12 631 12 817 12 767 13 035 13 214 13 330
1 111 1 148 1 200 1 124 1 108 1 069
2 768 2 535 2 527 2 383 2 210 2 121
861 886 829 779 734 693
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
47 916 47 950 47 494 47 946 48 073
41 188 40 661 40 723 41 111 41 133
4 570 5 223 4 775 4 818 4 905
2 158 2 065 1 996 2 017 2 036
15 670 15 788 16 088 16 459 16 654
1 147 1 276 1 509 1 711 1 708
13 443 13 365 13 498 13 646 13 851
1 080 1 146 1 080 1 102 1 096
2 052 2 402 3 034 3 070 2 919
666 709 747 798 775
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
1Employed
persons are classified as full- or part-time workers based on their usual weekly hours at all jobs, regardless of the number of hours they are at work during the reference week. Persons absent from work also are classified according to their usual status. some persons at work 35 hours or more classified by their reason for working part-time.
2Includes
51
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-9. Employed and Unemployed Full- and Part-Time Workers by Age, Sex, and Race, 1994–2004—Continued (Thousands of people.) Employed 1
Unemployed
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
At work
At work 2
Year, age, sex, and race Total
1 to 34 hours for 35 hours or economic or more noneconomic reasons
Not at work
Total
Part-time for economic reasons
Part-time for noneconomic reasons
Not at work
Looking for full-time work
Looking for part-time work
Women, 20 Years and Over 1994 ............................................................. 1995 ............................................................. 1996 ............................................................. 1997 ............................................................. 1998 ............................................................. 1999 .............................................................
40 183 40 943 41 953 43 194 44 045 45 403
33 449 34 250 34 933 36 465 36 019 38 443
4 722 4 683 4 953 4 744 5 965 4 964
2 012 2 010 2 068 1 985 2 061 1 996
13 423 13 453 13 357 13 419 13 233 13 152
1 743 1 623 1 579 1 477 1 272 1 131
10 672 10 785 10 697 10 927 10 957 11 059
1 008 1 043 1 082 1 015 1 004 962
2 506 2 265 2 258 2 105 1 966 1 872
543 554 525 480 458 413
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
46 889 47 012 46 673 47 215 47 371
40 344 39 889 40 040 40 507 40 563
4 417 5 083 4 660 4 708 4 790
2 128 2 040 1 973 2 000 2 017
13 178 13 405 13 747 14 188 14 402
1 013 1 132 1 355 1 560 1 567
11 188 11 233 11 406 11 613 11 836
976 1 040 986 1 015 1 000
1 816 2 155 2 752 2 799 2 667
419 444 476 515 483
White Men, 16 Years and Over 3 1994 ............................................................. 1995 ............................................................. 1996 ............................................................. 1997 ............................................................. 1998 ............................................................. 1999 .............................................................
50 964 51 768 52 527 53 640 54 206 54 756
44 750 45 634 46 208 47 563 47 239 48 834
4 431 4 406 4 547 4 358 5 257 4 274
1 783 1 728 1 772 1 719 1 709 1 647
6 487 6 378 6 361 6 358 6 398 6 383
1 192 1 100 1 046 909 829 730
4 946 4 921 4 941 5 084 5 209 5 314
350 357 374 365 360 339
2 800 2 525 2 426 2 202 1 999 1 883
475 475 470 440 432 391
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
56 068 55 830 55 369 55 216 55 926
50 434 49 625 49 459 49 323 49 891
3 896 4 504 4 267 4 266 4 396
1 738 1 701 1 644 1 628 1 638
6 221 6 381 6 480 6 650 6 786
656 793 980 1 146 1 092
5 213 5 225 5 150 5 148 5 331
351 364 350 357 363
1 798 2 323 3 017 3 164 2 805
379 431 443 479 477
White Men, 20 Years and Over 3 1994 ............................................................. 1995 ............................................................. 1996 ............................................................. 1997 ............................................................. 1998 ............................................................. 1999 .............................................................
49 959 50 691 51 442 52 498 53 017 53 513
43 912 44 726 45 300 46 609 46 240 47 764
4 291 4 263 4 397 4 199 5 095 4 124
1 756 1 702 1 745 1 691 1 682 1 626
4 717 4 563 4 534 4 488 4 483 4 420
1 048 958 907 771 716 618
3 382 3 330 3 330 3 419 3 487 3 534
287 275 297 298 280 268
2 533 2 260 2 167 1 946 1 756 1 651
203 204 197 194 164 162
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
54 778 54 666 54 333 54 339 55 005
49 335 48 636 48 581 48 585 49 124
3 733 4 354 4 133 4 145 4 267
1 710 1 676 1 619 1 609 1 614
4 341 4 579 4 790 5 010 5 154
558 677 857 1 016 961
3 505 3 616 3 640 3 703 3 895
278 285 293 291 299
1 566 2 080 2 743 2 893 2 567
165 195 200 231 217
White Women, 16 Years and Over 3 1994 ............................................................. 1995 ............................................................. 1996 ............................................................. 1997 ............................................................. 1998 ............................................................. 1999 .............................................................
33 906 34 422 35 057 35 965 36 553 37 417
28 170 28 685 29 124 30 286 29 792 31 577
4 031 4 039 4 196 4 036 5 039 4 157
1 705 1 697 1 737 1 643 1 722 1 684
13 832 13 922 13 863 13 894 13 774 13 679
1 517 1 431 1 388 1 260 1 089 947
11 316 11 448 11 398 11 623 11 695 11 768
1 000 1 043 1 077 1 011 990 964
1 935 1 755 1 749 1 587 1 481 1 469
682 705 656 608 572 530
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
38 438 38 445 38 152 38 249 38 240
32 942 32 491 32 623 32 659 32 555
3 729 4 252 3 896 3 939 4 018
1 767 1 702 1 633 1 652 1 667
13 698 13 773 14 011 14 120 14 287
867 971 1 152 1 304 1 280
11 870 11 787 11 903 11 860 12 038
961 1 015 956 956 969
1 422 1 664 2 084 2 038 1 968
521 551 595 629 597
White Women, 20 Years and Over 3 1994 ............................................................. 1995 ............................................................. 1996 ............................................................. 1997 ............................................................. 1998 ............................................................. 1999 .............................................................
33 250 33 728 34 350 35 216 35 738 36 602
27 628 28 116 28 553 29 677 29 130 30 905
3 936 3 938 4 078 3 919 4 910 4 036
1 686 1 674 1 719 1 620 1 698 1 662
11 866 11 916 11 814 11 847 11 604 11 496
1 359 1 277 1 243 1 136 953 839
9 596 9 690 9 598 9 788 9 749 9 789
912 949 973 923 902 867
1 754 1 579 1 570 1 396 1 318 1 297
443 463 427 388 370 319
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
37 585 37 658 37 467 37 640 37 663
32 242 31 839 32 049 32 158 32 085
3 600 4 139 3 803 3 845 3 927
1 743 1 680 1 615 1 637 1 652
11 560 11 711 11 981 12 183 12 377
754 853 1 029 1 180 1 166
9 935 9 933 10 079 10 124 10 326
872 924 873 879 885
1 256 1 492 1 888 1 866 1 795
339 357 381 411 377
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
1Employed
persons are classified as full- or part-time workers based on their usual weekly hours at all jobs, regardless of the number of hours they are at work during the reference week. Persons absent from work also are classified according to their usual status.
2Includes some persons at work 35 hours or more classified by their reason for working part-time. 3Beginning in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one
race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one
52
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-9. Employed and Unemployed Full- and Part-Time Workers by Age, Sex, and Race, 1994–2004—Continued (Thousands of people.) Employed 1
Unemployed
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
At work
At work 2
Year, age, sex, and race Total
1 to 34 hours for 35 hours or economic or more noneconomic reasons
Not at work
Total
Part-time for economic reasons
Part-time for noneconomic reasons
Not at work
Looking for full-time work
Looking for part-time work
Black Men, 16 Years and Over 3 1994 ............................................................. 1995 ............................................................. 1996 ............................................................. 1997 ............................................................. 1998 ............................................................. 1999 .............................................................
5 452 5 685 5 723 5 894 6 148 6 263
4 723 4 995 4 971 5 193 5 322 5 574
520 513 547 490 637 494
209 177 206 211 189 196
788 737 733 713 723 764
247 216 199 203 168 163
504 479 494 474 520 568
38 43 40 36 34 33
738 660 705 648 572 528
111 101 103 98 99 97
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
6 350 6 178 6 194 6 055 6 177
5 704 5 509 5 541 5 414 5 538
445 468 480 453 460
202 200 173 188 179
732 761 765 765 736
144 165 188 221 205
548 557 546 505 499
41 39 30 39 32
542 626 749 804 763
78 83 86 87 98
Black Men, 20 Years and Over 3 1994 ............................................................. 1995 ............................................................. 1996 ............................................................. 1997 ............................................................. 1998 ............................................................. 1999 .............................................................
5 369 5 582 5 622 5 790 6 023 6 140
4 655 4 906 4 892 5 111 5 218 5 477
509 502 528 471 620 471
205 175 201 208 185 192
595 554 545 535 507 561
223 193 177 179 147 142
343 326 338 326 334 392
29 36 30 30 25 27
634 558 602 549 487 446
47 35 37 35 37 35
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
6 222 6 069 6 073 5 980 6 089
5 594 5 417 5 437 5 355 5 463
429 455 465 439 449
199 197 171 185 177
520 558 579 607 592
125 145 166 201 189
363 382 387 372 376
32 31 26 34 27
468 542 660 717 689
31 31 35 43 44
Black Women, 16 Years and Over 3 1994 ............................................................. 1995 ............................................................. 1996 ............................................................. 1997 ............................................................. 1998 ............................................................. 1999 .............................................................
5 289 5 542 5 776 6 026 6 281 6 641
4 408 4 679 4 785 5 085 5 166 5 651
627 594 710 652 828 734
253 268 280 289 288 256
1 306 1 315 1 310 1 336 1 404 1 388
319 290 289 305 278 257
906 952 933 952 1 045 1 059
79 74 88 79 81 72
678 637 652 677 624 554
140 140 132 136 131 130
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
6 780 6 761 6 588 6 552 6 597
5 862 5 777 5 685 5 709 5 740
632 715 640 595 611
287 270 263 247 246
1 293 1 307 1 326 1 367 1 399
211 223 259 274 306
1 005 998 991 1 017 1 022
77 85 76 76 71
515 584 744 774 744
106 122 114 121 124
Black Women, 20 Years and Over 3 1994 ............................................................. 1995 ............................................................. 1996 ............................................................. 1997 ............................................................. 1998 ............................................................. 1999 .............................................................
5 211 5 469 5 684 5 921 6 159 6 519
4 346 4 623 4 714 5 001 5 073 5 549
612 580 693 634 803 717
251 266 277 286 283 252
1 108 1 087 1 078 1 092 1 131 1 145
300 263 263 273 256 230
740 757 737 755 807 850
69 66 79 64 68 65
608 553 570 603 555 486
76 66 73 70 66 75
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
6 651 6 647 6 492 6 468 6 512
5 753 5 684 5 605 5 639 5 674
615 695 626 583 595
283 268 261 246 243
1 052 1 094 1 117 1 168 1 195
197 203 234 257 287
788 816 816 842 844
67 75 68 69 64
456 521 671 698 679
56 61 67 75 76
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
Note: Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. See "Notes and Definitions" for information on historical comparability. 1Employed
persons are classified as full- or part-time workers based on their usual weekly hours at all jobs, regardless of the number of hours they are at work during the reference week. Persons absent from work also are classified according to their usual status.
2Includes some persons at work 35 hours or more classified by their reason for working part-time. 3Beginning in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one
race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one
53
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-10. Persons Not in the Labor Force by Desire and Availability for Work, Age, and Sex, 1999–2004 (Thousands of people.) Total
Age
Category
16 to 24 years 1999
TOTAL, NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE ..................................... Now 1
........................................................ Do Not Want a Job Want a Job 1 .............................................................................. Did not search for work in the previous year .............................. Searched for work in the previous year 2 ................................... Not available to work now ...................................................... Available to work now ............................................................ Reason not currently looking: Discouragement over job prospects 3 ............................ Reasons other than discouragement ............................. Family responsibilities ................................................ In school or training .................................................... Ill health or disability ................................................... Other 4 ........................................................................
Women
1999
2000
1999
2000
1999
2000
1999
2000
1999
2000
69 994
11 740
11 702
18 785
19 263
37 861
39 029
25 210
25 684
43 175
44 310
63 818 4 568 2 723 1 844 644 1 201
65 581 4 413 2 705 1 708 552 1 157
9 938 1 802 981 822 345 477
10 083 1 619 899 720 276 444
16 814 1 971 1 144 827 258 569
17 286 1 977 1 164 813 242 571
37 066 795 599 196 41 155
38 212 817 642 175 34 142
23 307 1 903 1 083 820 249 571
23 818 1 866 1 076 789 216 573
40 511 2 665 1 640 1 024 395 629
41 762 2 547 1 628 919 335 584
273 927 132 214 97 485
266 891 120 184 96 491
86 391 29 176 13 173
79 365 26 157 15 167
146 423 92 34 57 239
148 423 84 27 58 254
41 114 11 4 26 73
40 102 10 1 22 69
161 411 29 110 39 234
164 409 23 97 49 240
113 517 103 104 58 251
102 482 96 88 47 251
Age 16 to 24 years
2001
Do Not Want a Job ........................................................ Want a Job 1 .............................................................................. Did not search for work in the previous year .............................. Searched for work in the previous year 2 ................................... Not available to work now ...................................................... Available to work now ............................................................ Reason not currently looking: Discouragement over job prospects 3 ............................ Reasons other than discouragement ............................. Family responsibilities ................................................ In school or training .................................................... Ill health or disability ................................................... Other 4 ........................................................................
Men
68 385
Category
Now 1
55 and over
2000
Total
TOTAL, NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE .....................................
Sex
25 to 54 years
Sex
25 to 54 years
55 and over
Men
Women
2002 2001
2002
2001
2002
2001
2002
2001
2002
2001
2002
71 359
72 707
12 347
12 976
19 814
20 358
39 198
39 373
26 396
27 085
44 962
45 621
66 769 4 590 2 731 1 859 593 1 266
68 029 4 677 2 673 2 004 565 1 439
10 616 1 730 939 791 300 492
11 254 1 722 910 812 272 540
17 797 2 017 1 150 867 256 611
18 286 2 071 1 112 960 252 708
38 355 842 642 201 37 163
38 489 884 651 233 41 191
24 403 1 993 1 134 859 228 631
24 994 2 091 1 135 956 227 729
42 366 2 597 1 597 1 000 365 634
43 035 2 586 1 538 1 048 338 710
321 945 133 203 96 513
369 1 070 150 238 107 575
104 388 32 172 16 168
110 430 31 195 16 188
170 441 89 30 56 266
209 499 99 41 61 299
47 116 13 1 25 77
51 141 20 2 30 88
192 440 29 111 45 255
226 503 34 126 50 292
129 505 105 92 51 257
143 567 116 112 56 283
Total
Age
Category
16 to 24 years 2003
Sex
25 to 54 years
55 and over
Men
Women
2004 2003
2004
2003
2004
2003
2004
2003
2004
2003
2004
TOTAL, NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE .....................................
74 658
75 956
13 800
14 151
20 980
21 288
39 878
40 517
28 197
28 730
46 461
47 225
Do Not Want a Job Now 1 ........................................................ Want a Job 1 .............................................................................. Did not search for work in the previous year .............................. Searched for work in the previous year 2 ................................... Not available to work now ...................................................... Available to work now ............................................................ Reason not currently looking: Discouragement over job prospects 3 ............................ Reasons other than discouragement ............................. Family responsibilities ................................................ In school or training .................................................... Ill health or disability ................................................... Other 4 ........................................................................
69 932 4 726 2 631 2 096 564 1 531
71 103 4 852 2 715 2 137 563 1 574
12 079 1 721 882 838 274 565
12 422 1 729 886 843 279 565
18 857 2 124 1 129 995 248 747
19 136 2 152 1 145 1 006 242 764
38 996 882 620 262 43 220
39 545 971 684 288 42 245
26 073 2 124 1 127 996 231 765
26 565 2 165 1 126 1 040 230 809
43 859 2 603 1 503 1 099 333 766
44 538 2 687 1 590 1 097 333 765
457 1 075 153 239 113 570
466 1 108 157 244 123 584
134 431 37 194 15 184
142 423 28 199 18 178
248 499 94 42 72 292
240 524 104 43 71 306
75 145 22 3 26 94
84 161 24 2 35 100
266 499 35 125 51 288
288 521 38 131 56 296
190 576 118 114 62 282
178 587 119 112 67 288
Note: Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. See "Notes and Definitions" for information on historical comparability. 1Includes some persons who are not asked if they want a job. 2Persons who had a job in the prior 12 months must have searched since the end of that job. 3Includes believes no work available, could not find work, lacks necessary schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. 4Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior four weeks for such reasons as child care and transportation problems, as well as a small number for which
nonparticipation was not ascertained.
reason for
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
55
EMPLOYMENT
Percent Distribution of Employed Civilians by Age, 1994 and 2004 30.0 25.0
Percent
20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 16 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Age 1994
2004
The aging of the working population is shown dramatically in this chart. For all age groups up to 35 to 44 years old, the proportion of employed civilians is lower in 2004 than it was in 1994. At the same time, the percentage of employed civilians aged 45 and over is considerably higher for 2004 than for 1994. Even the proportion of employed civilians aged 65 and over rose in 2004. (Table 1-11) OTHER HIGHLIGHTS: • The number of employed men age 25 to 44 years old actually declined between 1994 and 2004. Conversely, the number of employed men age 45 and over increased by over 8 million—a gain of almost 40 percent. For women, the change is even more striking. The number of employed women age 45 and over increased nearly 47 percent from 1994 to 2004. (Table 1-11) • The Hispanic working population is younger than average. 13.8 percent of total Hispanic employment is made up of 20 to 24 years olds, compared to less than 10 percent for the total population. Among 25 to 34 year olds, the difference is even greater: 31 percent, compared to the national average of 21.8 percent. In contrast, only 6.7 percent of Hispanic employment is made up of 55 to 64 year olds (compared to 12.4 percent of the total population). (Table 1-11) • In management, professional, and related occupations, about half of those employed in 2004 were men and half were women. Within this group, 58 percent of those in management, business, and financial operations were men and 56 percent of those in professional and related occupations, which included teachers, were women. (Table 1-13) • While total employment only increased 1.1 percent from 2003 to 2004, employment in construction increased 6.2 percent. Among the major industries, employment in manufacturing continued to decline but still accounted for nearly 12 percent of the total. Employment increased in most other industries by a small amount, although it declined by nearly 6.1 percent in the information industry. (Table 1-15)
56
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-11. Employed Civilians by Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin, 1948–2004 (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Total 1948 ...................................................... 1949 ......................................................
58 343 57 651
4 026 3 712
1 600 1 466
2 426 2 246
54 318 53 940
6 937 6 660
13 801 13 639
13 050 13 108
10 624 10 636
7 103 7 042
2 804 2 864
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
58 918 59 961 60 250 61 179 60 109
3 703 3 767 3 719 3 720 3 475
1 433 1 575 1 626 1 577 1 422
2 270 2 192 2 092 2 142 2 053
55 218 56 196 56 536 57 460 56 634
6 746 6 321 5 572 5 225 4 971
13 917 14 233 14 515 14 519 14 190
13 424 13 746 14 058 14 774 14 541
10 966 11 421 11 687 11 969 11 976
7 265 7 558 7 785 7 806 7 895
2 899 2 917 2 919 3 166 3 060
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
62 170 63 799 64 071 63 036 64 630
3 642 3 818 3 778 3 582 3 838
1 500 1 647 1 613 1 519 1 670
2 143 2 171 2 167 2 063 2 168
58 528 59 983 60 291 59 454 60 791
5 270 5 545 5 641 5 571 5 870
14 481 14 407 14 253 13 675 13 709
14 879 15 218 15 348 15 157 15 454
12 556 12 978 13 320 13 448 13 915
8 158 8 519 8 553 8 559 8 822
3 185 3 314 3 179 3 045 3 023
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
65 778 65 746 66 702 67 762 69 305
4 129 4 108 4 195 4 255 4 516
1 770 1 621 1 607 1 751 2 013
2 360 2 486 2 588 2 504 2 503
61 648 61 638 62 508 63 508 64 789
6 119 6 227 6 446 6 815 7 303
13 630 13 429 13 311 13 318 13 449
15 598 15 552 15 901 16 114 16 166
14 238 14 320 14 491 14 749 15 094
8 989 9 120 9 346 9 596 9 804
3 073 2 987 3 013 2 915 2 973
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
71 088 72 895 74 372 75 920 77 902
5 036 5 721 5 682 5 781 6 117
2 075 2 269 2 334 2 403 2 573
2 962 3 452 3 348 3 377 3 543
66 052 67 178 68 690 70 141 71 785
7 702 7 964 8 499 8 762 9 319
13 704 14 017 14 575 15 265 15 883
16 294 16 312 16 281 16 220 16 100
15 320 15 615 15 789 16 083 16 410
10 028 10 310 10 536 10 745 10 919
3 005 2 961 3 011 3 065 3 155
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
78 678 79 367 82 153 85 064 86 794
6 144 6 208 6 746 7 271 7 448
2 598 2 596 2 787 3 032 3 111
3 546 3 613 3 959 4 239 4 338
72 534 73 158 75 407 77 793 79 347
9 731 10 201 10 999 11 839 12 101
16 318 16 781 18 082 19 509 20 610
15 922 15 675 15 822 16 041 16 203
16 473 16 451 16 457 16 553 16 633
10 974 11 009 11 044 10 966 10 964
3 118 3 040 3 003 2 886 2 835
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
85 846 88 752 92 017 96 048 98 824
7 104 7 336 7 688 8 070 8 083
2 941 2 972 3 138 3 330 3 340
4 162 4 363 4 550 4 739 4 743
78 744 81 416 84 329 87 979 90 741
11 885 12 570 13 196 13 887 14 327
21 087 22 493 23 850 25 281 26 492
15 953 16 468 17 157 18 128 18 981
16 190 16 224 16 212 16 338 16 357
10 827 10 912 11 126 11 400 11 585
2 801 2 747 2 787 2 946 2 999
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
99 303 100 397 99 526 100 834 105 005
7 710 7 225 6 549 6 342 6 444
3 106 2 866 2 505 2 320 2 404
4 605 4 359 4 044 4 022 4 040
91 593 93 172 92 978 94 491 98 562
14 087 14 122 13 690 13 722 14 207
27 204 28 180 28 149 28 756 30 348
19 523 20 145 20 879 21 960 23 598
16 234 16 255 15 923 15 812 16 178
11 586 11 525 11 414 11 315 11 395
2 960 2 945 2 923 2 927 2 835
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
107 150 109 597 112 440 114 968 117 342
6 434 6 472 6 640 6 805 6 759
2 492 2 622 2 736 2 713 2 588
3 941 3 850 3 905 4 092 4 172
100 716 103 125 105 800 108 164 110 582
13 980 13 790 13 524 13 244 12 962
31 208 32 201 33 105 33 574 34 045
24 732 25 861 27 179 28 269 29 443
16 509 16 949 17 487 18 447 19 279
11 474 11 405 11 465 11 433 11 499
2 813 2 919 3 041 3 197 3 355
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
118 793 117 718 118 492 120 259 123 060
6 581 5 906 5 669 5 805 6 161
2 410 2 202 2 128 2 226 2 510
4 171 3 704 3 540 3 579 3 651
112 213 111 812 112 824 114 455 116 899
13 401 12 975 12 872 12 840 12 758
33 935 33 061 32 667 32 385 32 286
30 817 31 593 31 923 32 666 33 599
19 525 19 882 21 022 22 175 23 348
11 189 11 001 10 998 11 058 11 228
3 346 3 300 3 341 3 331 3 681
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
124 900 126 708 129 558 131 463 133 488
6 419 6 500 6 661 7 051 7 172
2 573 2 646 2 648 2 762 2 793
3 846 3 853 4 012 4 289 4 379
118 481 120 208 122 897 124 413 126 316
12 443 12 138 12 380 12 557 12 891
32 356 32 077 31 809 31 394 30 865
34 202 35 051 35 908 36 278 36 728
24 378 25 514 26 744 27 587 28 635
11 435 11 739 12 296 12 872 13 315
3 666 3 690 3 761 3 725 3 882
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
136 891 136 933 136 485 137 736 139 252
7 189 6 740 6 332 5 919 5 907
2 759 2 558 2 330 2 312 2 193
4 431 4 182 4 002 3 607 3 714
129 701 130 194 130 154 131 817 133 345
13 229 13 348 13 351 13 433 13 723
31 549 30 863 30 306 30 383 30 423
36 433 36 049 35 235 34 881 34 580
30 310 31 036 31 281 31 914 32 469
14 002 14 645 15 674 16 598 17 331
4 179 4 253 4 306 4 608 4 819
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
57
Table 1-11. Employed Civilians by Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin, 1948–2004—Continued (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Men 1948 ...................................................... 1949 ......................................................
41 725 40 925
2 344 2 124
996 911
1 348 1 213
39 382 38 803
4 349 4 197
10 038 9 879
9 363 9 308
7 742 7 661
5 587 5 438
2 303 2 329
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
41 578 41 780 41 682 42 430 41 619
2 186 2 156 2 107 2 136 1 985
909 979 985 976 881
1 277 1 177 1 121 1 159 1 104
39 394 39 626 39 578 40 296 39 634
4 255 3 780 3 183 2 901 2 724
10 060 10 134 10 352 10 500 10 254
9 445 9 607 9 753 10 229 10 082
7 790 8 012 8 144 8 374 8 330
5 508 5 711 5 804 5 808 5 830
2 336 2 382 2 343 2 483 2 414
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
42 621 43 379 43 357 42 423 43 466
2 095 2 164 2 115 2 012 2 198
936 1 008 987 948 1 015
1 159 1 156 1 130 1 064 1 183
40 526 41 216 41 239 40 411 41 267
2 973 3 245 3 346 3 293 3 597
10 453 10 337 10 222 9 790 9 862
10 267 10 385 10 427 10 291 10 492
8 553 8 732 8 851 8 828 9 048
5 857 6 004 6 002 5 955 6 058
2 424 2 512 2 394 2 254 2 210
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
43 904 43 656 44 177 44 657 45 474
2 361 2 315 2 362 2 406 2 587
1 090 989 990 1 073 1 242
1 271 1 325 1 372 1 334 1 345
41 543 41 342 41 815 42 251 42 886
3 754 3 795 3 898 4 118 4 370
9 759 9 591 9 475 9 431 9 531
10 552 10 505 10 711 10 801 10 832
9 182 9 195 9 333 9 478 9 637
6 105 6 155 6 260 6 385 6 478
2 191 2 098 2 138 2 038 2 039
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
46 340 46 919 47 479 48 114 48 818
2 918 3 253 3 186 3 255 3 430
1 285 1 389 1 417 1 453 1 526
1 634 1 863 1 769 1 802 1 904
43 422 43 668 44 294 44 859 45 388
4 583 4 599 4 809 4 812 5 012
9 611 9 709 9 988 10 405 10 736
10 837 10 764 10 674 10 554 10 401
9 792 9 904 9 990 10 102 10 187
6 542 6 668 6 774 6 893 6 931
2 057 2 024 2 058 2 093 2 122
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
48 990 49 390 50 896 52 349 53 024
3 409 3 478 3 765 4 039 4 103
1 504 1 510 1 598 1 721 1 744
1 905 1 968 2 167 2 318 2 359
45 581 45 912 47 130 48 310 48 922
5 237 5 593 6 138 6 655 6 739
10 936 11 218 11 884 12 617 13 119
10 216 10 028 10 088 10 126 10 135
10 170 10 139 10 139 10 197 10 181
6 928 6 916 6 929 6 857 6 880
2 094 2 019 1 953 1 856 1 869
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
51 857 53 138 54 728 56 479 57 607
3 839 3 947 4 174 4 336 4 300
1 621 1 626 1 733 1 800 1 799
2 219 2 321 2 441 2 535 2 501
48 018 49 190 50 555 52 143 53 308
6 484 6 915 7 232 7 559 7 791
13 205 13 869 14 483 15 124 15 688
9 891 10 069 10 399 10 845 11 202
9 902 9 881 9 832 9 806 9 735
6 722 6 724 6 848 6 954 7 015
1 811 1 732 1 761 1 855 1 876
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
57 186 57 397 56 271 56 787 59 091
4 085 3 815 3 379 3 300 3 322
1 672 1 526 1 307 1 213 1 244
2 412 2 289 2 072 2 087 2 078
53 101 53 582 52 891 53 487 55 769
7 532 7 504 7 197 7 232 7 571
15 832 16 266 16 002 16 216 17 166
11 355 11 613 11 902 12 450 13 309
9 548 9 478 9 234 9 133 9 326
6 999 6 909 6 781 6 686 6 694
1 835 1 812 1 776 1 770 1 703
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
59 891 60 892 62 107 63 273 64 315
3 328 3 323 3 381 3 492 3 477
1 300 1 352 1 393 1 403 1 327
2 029 1 971 1 988 2 089 2 150
56 562 57 569 58 726 59 781 60 837
7 339 7 250 7 058 6 918 6 799
17 564 18 092 18 487 18 702 18 952
13 800 14 266 14 898 15 457 16 002
9 411 9 554 9 750 10 201 10 569
6 753 6 654 6 682 6 591 6 548
1 695 1 753 1 850 1 911 1 968
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
65 104 64 223 64 440 65 349 66 450
3 427 3 044 2 944 2 994 3 156
1 254 1 135 1 096 1 155 1 288
2 173 1 909 1 848 1 839 1 868
61 678 61 178 61 496 62 355 63 294
7 151 6 909 6 819 6 805 6 771
18 779 18 265 17 966 17 877 17 741
16 771 17 086 17 230 17 665 18 111
10 690 10 813 11 365 11 927 12 439
6 378 6 245 6 173 6 166 6 142
1 909 1 860 1 943 1 916 2 089
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
67 377 68 207 69 685 70 693 71 446
3 292 3 310 3 401 3 558 3 685
1 316 1 318 1 355 1 398 1 437
1 977 1 992 2 045 2 161 2 249
64 085 64 897 66 284 67 135 67 761
6 665 6 429 6 548 6 638 6 729
17 709 17 527 17 338 17 097 16 694
18 374 18 816 19 327 19 634 19 811
12 958 13 483 14 107 14 544 14 991
6 272 6 470 6 735 7 052 7 274
2 108 2 172 2 229 2 171 2 263
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
73 305 73 196 72 903 73 332 74 524
3 671 3 420 3 169 2 917 2 952
1 394 1 268 1 130 1 115 1 037
2 276 2 151 2 040 1 802 1 915
69 634 69 776 69 734 70 415 71 572
6 974 6 952 6 978 7 065 7 246
17 241 16 915 16 573 16 670 16 818
19 537 19 305 18 932 18 774 18 700
15 871 16 268 16 419 16 588 16 951
7 606 7 900 8 378 8 733 9 174
2 406 2 437 2 455 2 585 2 683
58
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-11. Employed Civilians by Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin, 1948–2004—Continued (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Women 1948 ...................................................... 1949 ......................................................
16 617 16 723
1 682 1 588
604 555
1 078 1 033
14 936 15 137
2 588 2 463
3 763 3 760
3 687 3 800
2 882 2 975
1 516 1 604
501 535
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
17 340 18 181 18 568 18 749 18 490
1 517 1 611 1 612 1 584 1 490
524 596 641 601 541
993 1 015 971 983 949
15 824 16 570 16 958 17 164 17 000
2 491 2 541 2 389 2 324 2 247
3 857 4 099 4 163 4 019 3 936
3 979 4 139 4 305 4 545 4 459
3 176 3 409 3 543 3 595 3 646
1 757 1 847 1 981 1 998 2 065
563 535 576 683 646
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
19 551 20 419 20 714 20 613 21 164
1 547 1 654 1 663 1 570 1 640
564 639 626 571 655
984 1 015 1 037 999 985
18 002 18 767 19 052 19 043 19 524
2 297 2 300 2 295 2 278 2 273
4 028 4 070 4 031 3 885 3 847
4 612 4 833 4 921 4 866 4 962
4 003 4 246 4 469 4 620 4 867
2 301 2 515 2 551 2 604 2 764
761 802 785 791 813
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
21 874 22 090 22 525 23 105 23 831
1 768 1 793 1 833 1 849 1 929
680 632 617 678 771
1 089 1 161 1 216 1 170 1 158
20 105 20 296 20 693 21 257 21 903
2 365 2 432 2 548 2 697 2 933
3 871 3 838 3 836 3 887 3 918
5 046 5 047 5 190 5 313 5 334
5 056 5 125 5 158 5 271 5 457
2 884 2 965 3 086 3 211 3 326
882 889 875 877 934
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
24 748 25 976 26 893 27 807 29 084
2 118 2 468 2 496 2 526 2 687
790 880 917 950 1 047
1 328 1 589 1 579 1 575 1 639
22 630 23 510 24 397 25 281 26 397
3 119 3 365 3 690 3 950 4 307
4 093 4 308 4 587 4 860 5 147
5 457 5 548 5 607 5 666 5 699
5 528 5 711 5 799 5 981 6 223
3 486 3 642 3 762 3 852 3 988
948 937 953 972 1 033
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
29 688 29 976 31 257 32 715 33 769
2 735 2 730 2 980 3 231 3 345
1 094 1 086 1 188 1 310 1 367
1 641 1 645 1 792 1 920 1 978
26 952 27 246 28 276 29 484 30 424
4 494 4 609 4 861 5 184 5 363
5 382 5 563 6 197 6 893 7 492
5 706 5 647 5 734 5 915 6 068
6 303 6 313 6 318 6 356 6 451
4 046 4 093 4 115 4 109 4 084
1 023 1 021 1 051 1 029 966
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
33 989 35 615 37 289 39 569 41 217
3 263 3 389 3 514 3 734 3 783
1 320 1 346 1 403 1 530 1 541
1 943 2 043 2 110 2 204 2 242
30 726 32 226 33 775 35 836 37 434
5 401 5 655 5 965 6 328 6 538
7 882 8 624 9 367 10 157 10 802
6 061 6 400 6 758 7 282 7 779
6 288 6 343 6 380 6 532 6 622
4 105 4 188 4 279 4 446 4 569
989 1 017 1 027 1 091 1 124
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
42 117 43 000 43 256 44 047 45 915
3 625 3 411 3 170 3 043 3 122
1 433 1 340 1 198 1 107 1 161
2 192 2 070 1 972 1 935 1 962
38 492 39 590 40 086 41 004 42 793
6 555 6 618 6 492 6 490 6 636
11 370 11 914 12 147 12 540 13 182
8 168 8 532 8 977 9 510 10 289
6 686 6 777 6 689 6 678 6 852
4 587 4 616 4 634 4 629 4 700
1 125 1 133 1 147 1 157 1 133
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
47 259 48 706 50 334 51 696 53 027
3 105 3 149 3 260 3 313 3 282
1 193 1 270 1 343 1 310 1 261
1 913 1 879 1 917 2 003 2 021
44 154 45 556 47 074 48 383 49 745
6 640 6 540 6 466 6 326 6 163
13 644 14 109 14 617 14 872 15 093
10 933 11 595 12 281 12 811 13 440
7 097 7 395 7 737 8 246 8 711
4 721 4 751 4 783 4 841 4 950
1 118 1 165 1 191 1 286 1 388
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
53 689 53 496 54 052 54 910 56 610
3 154 2 862 2 724 2 811 3 005
1 156 1 067 1 032 1 071 1 222
1 998 1 794 1 692 1 740 1 783
50 535 50 634 51 328 52 099 53 606
6 250 6 066 6 053 6 035 5 987
15 155 14 796 14 701 14 508 14 545
14 046 14 507 14 693 15 002 15 488
8 835 9 069 9 657 10 248 10 908
4 811 4 756 4 825 4 892 5 085
1 437 1 440 1 398 1 414 1 592
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
57 523 58 501 59 873 60 771 62 042
3 127 3 190 3 260 3 493 3 487
1 258 1 328 1 293 1 364 1 357
1 869 1 862 1 967 2 128 2 130
54 396 55 311 56 613 57 278 58 555
5 779 5 709 5 831 5 919 6 163
14 647 14 549 14 471 14 298 14 171
15 828 16 235 16 581 16 644 16 917
11 421 12 031 12 637 13 043 13 644
5 163 5 269 5 561 5 820 6 041
1 558 1 518 1 532 1 554 1 619
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
63 586 63 737 63 582 64 404 64 728
3 519 3 320 3 162 3 002 2 955
1 364 1 289 1 200 1 197 1 156
2 154 2 031 1 962 1 805 1 799
60 067 60 417 60 420 61 402 61 773
6 255 6 396 6 374 6 367 6 477
14 308 13 948 13 733 13 714 13 605
16 897 16 744 16 303 16 106 15 880
14 438 14 768 14 863 15 326 15 518
6 396 6 745 7 296 7 866 8 157
1 773 1 815 1 851 2 023 2 135
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
59
Table 1-11. Employed Civilians by Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin, 1948–2004—Continued (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
White1 1954 ......................................................
53 957
3 078
1 257
1 822
50 879
4 358
12 616
13 000
10 811
7 262
2 831
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
55 833 57 269 57 465 56 613 58 006
3 225 3 389 3 374 3 216 3 475
1 330 1 465 1 442 1 370 1 520
1 896 1 922 1 931 1 847 1 955
52 608 53 880 54 091 53 397 54 531
4 637 4 897 4 952 4 908 5 138
12 855 12 748 12 619 12 128 12 144
13 327 13 637 13 716 13 571 13 830
11 322 11 706 12 009 12 113 12 552
7 510 7 822 7 829 7 849 8 063
2 957 3 068 2 951 2 828 2 805
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
58 850 58 913 59 698 60 622 61 922
3 700 3 693 3 774 3 851 4 076
1 598 1 472 1 447 1 600 1 846
2 103 2 220 2 327 2 250 2 230
55 150 55 220 55 924 56 771 57 846
5 331 5 460 5 676 6 036 6 444
12 021 11 835 11 703 11 689 11 794
13 930 13 905 14 173 14 341 14 380
12 820 12 906 13 066 13 304 13 596
8 192 8 335 8 511 8 718 8 916
2 855 2 778 2 795 2 683 2 717
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
63 446 65 021 66 361 67 750 69 518
4 562 5 176 5 114 5 195 5 508
1 892 2 052 2 121 2 193 2 347
2 670 3 124 2 993 3 002 3 161
58 884 59 845 61 247 62 555 64 010
6 752 6 986 7 493 7 687 8 182
11 992 12 268 12 763 13 410 13 935
14 473 14 449 14 429 14 386 14 270
13 804 14 072 14 224 14 487 14 788
9 116 9 356 9 596 9 781 9 947
2 748 2 713 2 746 2 804 2 888
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
70 217 70 878 73 370 75 708 77 184
5 571 5 670 6 173 6 623 6 796
2 386 2 404 2 581 2 806 2 881
3 185 3 266 3 592 3 816 3 916
64 645 65 208 67 197 69 086 70 388
8 559 9 000 9 718 10 424 10 676
14 326 14 713 15 904 17 099 18 040
14 092 13 858 13 940 14 083 14 196
14 854 14 843 14 845 14 886 14 948
9 979 10 014 10 077 9 983 9 958
2 835 2 780 2 714 2 610 2 568
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
76 411 78 853 81 700 84 936 87 259
6 487 6 724 7 068 7 367 7 356
2 721 2 762 2 926 3 085 3 079
3 770 3 962 4 142 4 282 4 278
69 924 72 129 74 632 77 569 79 904
10 546 11 119 11 696 12 251 12 594
18 485 19 662 20 844 22 008 23 033
13 979 14 407 14 984 15 809 16 578
14 555 14 549 14 483 14 550 14 522
9 827 9 923 10 107 10 311 10 477
2 533 2 470 2 518 2 642 2 699
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
87 715 88 709 87 903 88 893 92 120
7 021 6 588 5 984 5 799 5 836
2 861 2 645 2 317 2 156 2 209
4 161 3 943 3 667 3 643 3 627
80 694 82 121 81 918 83 094 86 284
12 405 12 477 12 097 12 138 12 451
23 653 24 551 24 531 24 955 26 235
17 071 17 617 18 268 19 194 20 552
14 405 14 414 14 083 13 961 14 239
10 475 10 386 10 283 10 169 10 227
2 684 2 676 2 656 2 678 2 580
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
93 736 95 660 97 789 99 812 101 584
5 768 5 792 5 898 6 030 5 946
2 270 2 386 2 468 2 424 2 278
3 498 3 406 3 431 3 606 3 668
87 968 89 869 91 890 93 782 95 638
12 235 12 027 11 748 11 438 11 084
26 945 27 746 28 429 28 796 29 091
21 552 22 515 23 596 24 468 25 442
14 459 14 750 15 216 16 054 16 775
10 247 10 176 10 164 10 153 10 223
2 530 2 654 2 738 2 874 3 024
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
102 261 101 182 101 669 103 045 105 190
5 779 5 216 4 985 5 113 5 398
2 141 1 971 1 904 1 990 2 210
3 638 3 246 3 081 3 123 3 188
96 481 95 966 96 684 97 932 99 792
11 498 11 116 11 031 10 931 10 736
28 773 27 989 27 552 27 274 27 101
26 282 26 883 27 097 27 645 28 442
16 933 17 269 18 285 19 273 20 247
9 960 9 719 9 701 9 772 9 912
3 035 2 990 3 019 3 037 3 354
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
106 490 107 808 109 856 110 931 112 235
5 593 5 667 5 807 6 089 6 204
2 273 2 325 2 341 2 436 2 435
3 320 3 343 3 466 3 653 3 769
100 897 102 141 104 049 104 842 106 032
10 400 10 149 10 362 10 512 10 716
27 014 26 678 26 294 25 729 25 113
28 951 29 566 30 137 30 320 30 548
21 127 22 071 23 061 23 662 24 507
10 070 10 313 10 785 11 272 11 657
3 335 3 364 3 411 3 347 3 491
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
114 424 114 430 114 013 114 235 115 239
6 160 5 817 5 441 5 064 5 039
2 383 2 224 2 037 1 999 1 895
3 777 3 593 3 404 3 065 3 145
108 264 108 613 108 572 109 171 110 199
10 944 11 054 11 096 11 052 11 233
25 500 24 948 24 568 24 399 24 337
30 151 29 793 29 049 28 501 28 176
25 762 26 301 26 401 26 762 27 228
12 169 12 743 13 630 14 375 14 965
3 738 3 774 3 828 4 083 4 260
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
60
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-11. Employed Civilians by Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin, 1948–2004—Continued (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Total
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Black1 1972 ...................................................... 1973 ...................................................... 1974 ......................................................
7 802 8 128 8 203
509 570 554
180 194 190
329 378 364
7 292 7 559 7 649
1 166 1 258 1 231
1 924 2 062 2 157
1 629 1 659 1 682
1 434 1 460 1 452
872 872 884
269 249 243
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
7 894 8 227 8 540 9 102 9 359
507 508 508 571 579
183 170 169 191 204
325 338 339 380 376
7 386 7 719 8 031 8 531 8 780
1 115 1 193 1 244 1 359 1 424
2 145 2 309 2 443 2 641 2 759
1 617 1 679 1 754 1 848 1 902
1 393 1 416 1 448 1 479 1 502
874 870 892 932 927
241 252 251 273 266
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
9 313 9 355 9 189 9 375 10 119
547 505 428 416 474
192 170 138 123 146
356 335 290 294 328
8 765 8 849 8 761 8 959 9 645
1 376 1 346 1 283 1 280 1 423
2 827 2 872 2 830 2 976 3 223
1 910 1 957 2 025 2 107 2 311
1 487 1 489 1 469 1 456 1 533
925 954 928 937 945
239 231 225 204 209
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
10 501 10 814 11 309 11 658 11 953
532 536 587 601 625
175 183 203 223 237
356 353 385 378 388
9 969 10 278 10 722 11 057 11 328
1 399 1 429 1 421 1 433 1 467
3 325 3 464 3 614 3 725 3 801
2 427 2 524 2 695 2 839 2 981
1 598 1 666 1 714 1 783 1 844
985 982 1 036 1 018 970
235 214 241 261 265
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
12 175 12 074 12 151 12 382 12 835
598 494 492 494 552
194 161 157 171 224
404 334 335 323 328
11 577 11 580 11 659 11 888 12 284
1 409 1 373 1 343 1 377 1 449
3 803 3 714 3 699 3 700 3 732
3 287 3 401 3 441 3 584 3 722
1 897 1 892 1 964 2 059 2 178
933 957 965 941 953
248 243 246 226 251
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
13 279 13 542 13 969 14 556 15 056
586 613 631 736 691
223 233 229 246 243
363 380 401 490 448
12 693 12 929 13 339 13 820 14 365
1 443 1 411 1 456 1 496 1 594
3 844 3 851 3 903 3 967 4 091
3 861 3 974 4 094 4 238 4 404
2 288 2 426 2 588 2 739 2 872
1 004 1 025 1 048 1 118 1 134
253 241 249 262 271
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
15 156 15 006 14 872 14 739 14 909
711 637 611 516 520
260 230 193 196 169
451 408 417 320 351
14 444 14 368 14 262 14 222 14 389
1 593 1 571 1 543 1 516 1 572
3 993 3 840 3 726 3 618 3 635
4 261 4 200 4 109 4 080 4 039
3 073 3 139 3 220 3 289 3 332
1 226 1 283 1 332 1 373 1 452
300 335 332 346 359
Hispanic 1973 ...................................................... 1974 ......................................................
3 396 3 687
325 355
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3 663 3 720 4 079 4 527 4 785
322 341 381 423 445
... 124 135 159 152
... 230 245 264 292
... 3 436 3 715 4 104 4 340
... 614 715 803 860
... 1 135 1 212 1 330 1 430
... 803 860 942 996
... 573 608 661 666
... 269 269 307 319
... 42 50 62 69
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5 527 5 813 5 805 6 072 6 651
500 459 410 423 468
174 155 119 125 148
325 304 291 297 320
5 028 5 354 5 394 5 649 6 182
998 1 060 1 030 1 068 1 160
1 675 1 837 1 896 1 997 2 201
1 074 1 147 1 173 1 224 1 385
811 829 816 837 883
389 399 399 441 474
80 82 80 81 79
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
6 888 7 219 7 790 8 250 8 573
438 430 474 523 548
144 146 149 171 165
294 284 325 353 383
6 449 6 789 7 316 7 727 8 025
1 187 1 231 1 273 1 341 1 325
2 316 2 427 2 668 2 749 2 900
1 473 1 570 1 775 1 876 1 968
913 1 011 1 010 1 078 1 129
486 474 512 585 589
75 76 76 97 114
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
9 845 9 828 10 027 10 361 10 788
668 602 577 570 609
208 169 169 160 195
460 433 408 410 415
9 177 9 225 9 450 9 792 10 178
1 672 1 622 1 575 1 574 1 643
3 327 3 264 3 350 3 446 3 517
2 229 2 333 2 468 2 605 2 737
1 235 1 266 1 316 1 402 1 495
611 637 628 630 647
103 103 112 135 139
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
11 127 11 642 12 726 13 291 13 720
645 646 714 793 854
194 199 228 230 254
450 447 487 563 600
10 483 10 996 12 012 12 498 12 866
1 609 1 628 1 798 1 883 1 881
3 618 3 758 4 029 4 113 4 097
2 889 3 115 3 371 3 504 3 738
1 565 1 595 1 846 1 994 2 074
666 748 794 846 886
135 152 173 158 190
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
15 735 16 190 16 590 17 372 17 930
973 969 882 768 792
285 268 254 242 211
688 701 628 525 581
14 762 15 221 15 708 16 604 17 138
2 356 2 404 2 413 2 399 2 477
4 950 5 065 5 272 5 541 5 560
4 052 4 149 4 273 4 573 4 671
2 308 2 472 2 511 2 711 2 932
898 944 1 029 1 132 1 210
197 187 209 249 288
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race. . . . = Not available.
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
61
Table 1-11. Employed Civilians by Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin, 1948–2004—Continued (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
White Men1 1954 ......................................................
37 846
1 723
771
953
36 123
2 394
9 287
9 175
7 614
5 412
2 241
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
38 719 39 368 39 349 38 591 39 494
1 824 1 893 1 865 1 783 1 961
821 890 874 852 915
1 004 1 002 990 932 1 046
36 895 37 475 37 484 36 808 37 533
2 607 2 850 2 930 2 896 3 153
9 461 9 330 9 226 8 861 8 911
9 351 9 449 9 480 9 386 9 560
7 792 7 950 8 067 8 061 8 261
5 431 5 559 5 542 5 501 5 588
2 254 2 336 2 234 2 103 2 060
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
39 755 39 588 40 016 40 428 41 115
2 092 2 055 2 098 2 156 2 316
973 891 883 972 1 128
1 119 1 164 1 215 1 184 1 188
37 663 37 533 37 918 38 272 38 799
3 264 3 311 3 426 3 646 3 856
8 777 8 630 8 514 8 463 8 538
9 589 9 566 9 718 9 782 9 800
8 372 8 394 8 512 8 650 8 787
5 618 5 670 5 749 5 844 5 945
2 043 1 961 1 998 1 887 1 872
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
41 844 42 331 42 833 43 411 44 048
2 612 2 913 2 849 2 908 3 070
1 159 1 245 1 278 1 319 1 385
1 453 1 668 1 571 1 589 1 685
39 232 39 418 39 985 40 503 40 978
4 025 4 028 4 231 4 226 4 401
8 598 8 674 8 931 9 315 9 608
9 795 9 719 9 632 9 522 9 379
8 924 9 029 9 093 9 198 9 279
5 998 6 096 6 208 6 316 6 359
1 892 1 871 1 892 1 926 1 953
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
44 178 44 595 45 944 47 085 47 674
3 066 3 157 3 416 3 660 3 728
1 374 1 393 1 470 1 590 1 611
1 692 1 764 1 947 2 071 2 117
41 112 41 438 42 528 43 424 43 946
4 601 4 935 5 431 5 863 5 965
9 784 10 026 10 664 11 268 11 701
9 202 9 026 9 047 9 046 9 027
9 271 9 256 9 236 9 257 9 242
6 340 6 339 6 363 6 299 6 304
1 914 1 856 1 786 1 689 1 706
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
46 697 47 775 49 150 50 544 51 452
3 505 3 604 3 824 3 950 3 904
1 502 1 501 1 607 1 664 1 654
2 002 2 103 2 217 2 286 2 250
43 192 44 171 45 326 46 594 47 546
5 770 6 140 6 437 6 717 6 868
11 783 12 362 12 893 13 413 13 888
8 818 8 944 9 212 9 608 9 930
9 005 8 968 8 898 8 840 8 748
6 160 6 176 6 279 6 339 6 406
1 656 1 579 1 605 1 677 1 707
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
51 127 51 315 50 287 50 621 52 462
3 708 3 469 3 079 3 003 3 001
1 534 1 402 1 214 1 124 1 140
2 174 2 066 1 865 1 879 1 861
47 419 47 846 47 209 47 618 49 461
6 652 6 652 6 372 6 386 6 647
14 009 14 398 14 164 14 297 15 045
10 077 10 307 10 593 11 062 11 776
8 586 8 518 8 267 8 152 8 320
6 412 6 309 6 188 6 084 6 108
1 684 1 662 1 624 1 637 1 564
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
53 046 53 785 54 647 55 550 56 352
2 985 2 966 2 999 3 084 3 060
1 185 1 225 1 252 1 248 1 171
1 800 1 741 1 747 1 836 1 889
50 061 50 818 51 649 52 466 53 292
6 428 6 340 6 150 5 987 5 839
15 374 15 790 16 084 16 241 16 383
12 214 12 620 13 138 13 590 14 046
8 374 8 442 8 596 8 992 9 335
6 118 6 012 5 991 5 909 5 891
1 552 1 612 1 690 1 748 1 797
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
56 703 55 797 55 959 56 656 57 452
3 018 2 694 2 602 2 634 2 776
1 119 1 017 990 1 031 1 144
1 899 1 677 1 612 1 603 1 632
53 685 53 103 53 357 54 021 54 676
6 179 5 942 5 855 5 830 5 738
16 124 15 644 15 357 15 230 15 052
14 496 14 743 14 842 15 178 15 562
9 383 9 488 10 027 10 497 10 910
5 744 5 578 5 503 5 514 5 490
1 760 1 707 1 772 1 772 1 925
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
58 146 58 888 59 998 60 604 61 139
2 892 2 911 3 011 3 103 3 205
1 169 1 161 1 206 1 233 1 254
1 723 1 750 1 806 1 870 1 951
55 254 55 977 56 986 57 500 57 934
5 613 5 444 5 590 5 659 5 753
14 958 14 820 14 567 14 259 13 851
15 793 16 136 16 470 16 715 16 781
11 359 11 834 12 352 12 661 13 046
5 609 5 755 5 972 6 251 6 447
1 921 1 987 2 037 1 955 2 056
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
62 289 62 212 61 849 61 866 62 712
3 169 2 967 2 725 2 518 2 553
1 205 1 102 987 972 903
1 965 1 865 1 738 1 546 1 650
59 119 59 245 59 124 59 348 60 159
5 876 5 870 5 882 5 890 6 026
14 238 13 989 13 727 13 731 13 735
16 477 16 280 15 910 15 675 15 572
13 675 13 987 14 060 14 117 14 418
6 678 6 941 7 360 7 640 8 018
2 175 2 178 2 184 2 295 2 390
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
62
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-11. Employed Civilians by Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin, 1948–2004—Continued (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
White Women1 1954 ......................................................
16 111
1 355
486
869
14 756
1 964
3 329
3 825
3 197
1 850
590
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
17 114 17 901 18 116 18 022 18 512
1 401 1 496 1 509 1 433 1 514
509 575 568 518 605
892 920 941 915 909
15 713 16 405 16 607 16 589 16 998
2 030 2 047 2 022 2 012 1 985
3 394 3 418 3 393 3 267 3 233
3 976 4 188 4 236 4 185 4 270
3 530 3 756 3 942 4 052 4 291
2 079 2 263 2 287 2 348 2 475
703 732 717 725 745
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
19 095 19 325 19 682 20 194 20 807
1 608 1 638 1 676 1 695 1 760
625 581 564 628 718
984 1 056 1 112 1 066 1 042
17 487 17 687 18 006 18 499 19 047
2 067 2 149 2 250 2 390 2 588
3 244 3 205 3 189 3 226 3 256
4 341 4 339 4 455 4 559 4 580
4 448 4 512 4 554 4 654 4 809
2 574 2 665 2 762 2 874 2 971
812 817 797 796 845
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
21 602 22 690 23 528 24 339 25 470
1 950 2 263 2 265 2 287 2 438
733 807 843 874 962
1 217 1 456 1 422 1 413 1 476
19 652 20 427 21 263 22 052 23 032
2 727 2 958 3 262 3 461 3 781
3 394 3 594 3 832 4 095 4 327
4 678 4 730 4 797 4 864 4 891
4 880 5 043 5 131 5 289 5 509
3 118 3 260 3 388 3 465 3 588
856 842 854 878 935
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
26 039 26 283 27 426 28 623 29 511
2 505 2 513 2 755 2 962 3 069
1 012 1 011 1 111 1 217 1 269
1 493 1 502 1 645 1 746 1 799
23 534 23 770 24 669 25 661 26 442
3 959 4 065 4 286 4 562 4 711
4 542 4 687 5 240 5 831 6 340
4 890 4 831 4 893 5 036 5 169
5 582 5 588 5 608 5 628 5 706
3 640 3 675 3 714 3 684 3 654
921 924 928 920 862
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
29 714 31 078 32 550 34 392 35 807
2 983 3 120 3 244 3 416 3 451
1 215 1 260 1 319 1 420 1 423
1 767 1 860 1 923 1 996 2 027
26 731 27 958 29 306 30 975 32 357
4 775 4 978 5 259 5 535 5 726
6 701 7 300 7 950 8 595 9 145
5 161 5 462 5 772 6 201 6 648
5 550 5 580 5 585 5 710 5 773
3 667 3 746 3 829 3 972 4 071
877 891 912 964 993
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
36 587 37 394 37 615 38 272 39 659
3 314 3 119 2 905 2 796 2 835
1 327 1 242 1 103 1 032 1 069
1 986 1 877 1 802 1 764 1 766
33 275 34 275 34 710 35 476 36 823
5 753 5 826 5 724 5 751 5 804
9 644 10 153 10 367 10 659 11 190
6 994 7 311 7 675 8 132 8 776
5 818 5 896 5 816 5 809 5 920
4 064 4 077 4 095 4 084 4 118
1 001 1 013 1 032 1 041 1 015
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
40 690 41 876 43 142 44 262 45 232
2 783 2 825 2 900 2 946 2 886
1 085 1 160 1 216 1 176 1 107
1 698 1 665 1 684 1 770 1 779
37 907 39 050 40 242 41 316 42 346
5 807 5 687 5 598 5 450 5 245
11 571 11 956 12 345 12 555 12 708
9 338 9 895 10 459 10 878 11 395
6 084 6 307 6 620 7 062 7 440
4 128 4 164 4 172 4 244 4 332
978 1 042 1 047 1 126 1 227
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
45 558 45 385 45 710 46 390 47 738
2 762 2 523 2 383 2 479 2 622
1 023 954 915 959 1 066
1 739 1 569 1 468 1 520 1 556
42 796 42 862 43 327 43 910 45 116
5 319 5 174 5 176 5 101 4 997
12 649 12 344 12 195 12 044 12 049
11 785 12 139 12 254 12 467 12 880
7 551 7 781 8 258 8 776 9 338
4 217 4 141 4 198 4 258 4 423
1 275 1 283 1 246 1 265 1 429
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
48 344 48 920 49 859 50 327 51 096
2 701 2 756 2 796 2 986 2 999
1 104 1 164 1 136 1 203 1 181
1 597 1 592 1 660 1 783 1 817
45 643 46 164 47 063 47 342 48 098
4 787 4 705 4 773 4 853 4 963
12 056 11 858 11 727 11 470 11 262
13 157 13 430 13 667 13 604 13 767
9 768 10 237 10 709 11 001 11 461
4 461 4 558 4 813 5 021 5 211
1 415 1 376 1 374 1 392 1 435
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
52 136 52 218 52 164 52 369 52 527
2 991 2 850 2 716 2 546 2 486
1 178 1 122 1 050 1 027 991
1 813 1 727 1 665 1 519 1 495
49 145 49 369 49 448 49 823 50 040
5 068 5 184 5 214 5 161 5 207
11 262 10 959 10 842 10 668 10 602
13 674 13 513 13 138 12 826 12 604
12 087 12 314 12 341 12 645 12 810
5 490 5 802 6 269 6 735 6 947
1 564 1 597 1 644 1 788 1 870
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
63
Table 1-11. Employed Civilians by Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin, 1948–2004—Continued (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Black Men1 1972 ...................................................... 1973 ...................................................... 1974 ......................................................
4 368 4 527 4 527
309 330 322
114 112 114
195 220 209
4 058 4 197 4 204
648 711 668
1 074 1 142 1 176
890 898 912
793 816 803
499 483 500
156 148 145
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
4 275 4 404 4 565 4 796 4 923
276 283 291 312 316
98 100 105 106 111
179 184 186 206 205
3 998 4 120 4 273 4 483 4 606
595 635 659 697 754
1 159 1 217 1 271 1 357 1 425
865 897 940 969 983
755 763 777 788 801
487 472 484 516 498
137 137 143 155 147
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
4 798 4 794 4 637 4 753 5 124
299 273 223 222 252
109 95 65 64 79
191 178 158 158 173
4 498 4 520 4 414 4 531 4 871
713 693 660 684 750
1 438 1 457 1 414 1 483 1 635
975 991 997 1 034 1 138
770 764 750 749 780
478 492 471 477 460
126 123 122 105 108
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5 270 5 428 5 661 5 824 5 928
278 278 304 316 327
92 96 109 122 124
186 182 195 193 202
4 992 5 150 5 357 5 509 5 602
726 732 728 736 742
1 669 1 756 1 821 1 881 1 931
1 187 1 211 1 283 1 348 1 415
795 831 853 878 886
501 507 547 536 498
114 112 124 131 131
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5 995 5 961 5 930 6 047 6 241
303 255 249 254 276
99 85 78 88 107
204 170 170 166 169
5 692 5 706 5 681 5 793 5 964
702 695 679 674 718
1 895 1 859 1 819 1 858 1 850
1 586 1 634 1 650 1 717 1 795
926 923 930 978 1 030
469 481 478 461 455
114 114 124 106 115
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
6 422 6 456 6 607 6 871 7 027
285 289 282 341 325
111 109 108 120 120
174 180 174 221 205
6 137 6 167 6 325 6 530 6 702
714 685 668 686 700
1 895 1 867 1 874 1 886 1 926
1 836 1 878 1 955 2 008 2 092
1 085 1 129 1 215 1 284 1 327
468 482 487 524 525
138 126 127 142 131
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
7 082 6 938 6 959 6 820 6 912
341 311 306 234 231
129 115 95 89 76
211 196 212 145 155
6 741 6 627 6 652 6 586 6 681
730 703 725 726 739
1 865 1 757 1 729 1 660 1 720
1 984 1 931 1 899 1 868 1 840
1 425 1 452 1 503 1 518 1 534
596 614 624 638 668
142 170 172 176 180
Black Women1 1972 ...................................................... 1973 ...................................................... 1974 ......................................................
3 433 3 601 3 677
200 239 232
65 81 77
134 158 155
3 233 3 362 3 445
519 546 562
850 920 981
739 761 770
641 644 649
373 389 383
113 101 98
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3 618 3 823 3 975 4 307 4 436
231 224 217 260 263
85 70 64 85 92
146 154 153 175 171
3 388 3 599 3 758 4 047 4 174
520 558 585 662 670
985 1 092 1 172 1 283 1 333
752 782 814 879 919
638 653 671 691 702
387 398 408 416 428
104 115 109 118 119
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
4 515 4 561 4 552 4 622 4 995
248 232 205 194 222
82 75 73 59 67
165 157 132 136 155
4 267 4 329 4 347 4 428 4 773
663 653 623 596 673
1 389 1 415 1 416 1 493 1 588
936 966 1 028 1 073 1 173
717 725 719 707 753
448 462 457 460 485
113 108 103 99 101
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5 231 5 386 5 648 5 834 6 025
254 259 283 285 298
83 87 93 101 113
171 171 190 184 185
4 977 5 128 5 365 5 548 5 727
673 696 693 697 725
1 656 1 708 1 793 1 844 1 870
1 240 1 313 1 412 1 491 1 566
804 835 860 905 959
484 475 489 482 472
121 102 117 129 134
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
6 180 6 113 6 221 6 334 6 595
296 239 243 239 275
96 76 79 82 117
200 164 164 157 158
5 884 5 874 5 978 6 095 6 320
707 677 664 703 731
1 907 1 855 1 880 1 842 1 882
1 701 1 768 1 791 1 867 1 926
971 969 1 034 1 081 1 147
464 476 487 480 497
135 129 123 121 136
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
6 857 7 086 7 362 7 685 8 029
301 324 349 395 366
112 124 122 126 123
189 200 227 268 243
6 556 6 762 7 013 7 290 7 663
729 726 789 810 893
1 949 1 984 2 029 2 081 2 165
2 025 2 096 2 139 2 230 2 312
1 202 1 297 1 373 1 455 1 545
536 543 561 594 609
114 115 122 120 139
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
8 073 8 068 7 914 7 919 7 997
370 327 304 283 289
131 115 99 107 93
240 212 205 175 196
7 703 7 741 7 610 7 636 7 707
862 868 819 790 833
2 128 2 084 1 997 1 959 1 914
2 277 2 269 2 209 2 211 2 199
1 647 1 686 1 717 1 770 1 798
630 668 708 735 784
158 165 160 171 179
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
64
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-11. Employed Civilians by Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin, 1948–2004—Continued (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
16 years and over
16 to 17 years
Total
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Hispanic Men 1973 ...................................................... 1974 ......................................................
2 198 2 369
... ...
... ...
... ...
2 010 2 165
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
2 301 2 303 2 564 2 808 2 962
... 199 225 241 260
... 74 78 93 93
... 125 147 147 168
2 117 2 109 2 335 2 568 2 701
... 364 427 494 511
... 708 763 824 891
... 504 540 590 615
... 369 394 405 427
... 173 184 207 205
... ... ... ... ...
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3 448 3 597 3 583 3 771 4 083
306 272 229 248 258
109 90 66 71 78
198 182 162 177 180
3 142 3 325 3 354 3 523 3 825
611 642 621 655 718
1 065 1 157 1 192 1 280 1 398
662 707 729 760 841
491 504 498 499 530
254 259 261 275 292
... ... ... ... ...
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
4 245 4 428 4 713 4 972 5 172
251 254 268 292 319
82 82 81 87 94
169 172 188 205 225
3 994 4 174 4 444 4 680 4 853
727 773 777 815 821
1 473 1 510 1 664 1 706 1 787
888 929 1 044 1 120 1 152
550 614 606 645 676
308 297 303 331 350
... ... ... ... ...
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
6 021 5 979 6 093 6 328 6 530
412 356 336 337 341
126 94 97 95 109
286 263 238 242 233
5 609 5 623 5 757 5 992 6 189
1 083 1 063 985 1 003 1 056
2 076 2 050 2 127 2 200 2 227
1 312 1 360 1 437 1 527 1 600
722 719 768 822 847
355 369 372 360 379
... ... ... ... 79
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
6 725 7 039 7 728 8 018 8 067
358 384 420 449 491
110 107 130 133 139
248 277 290 315 352
6 367 6 655 7 307 7 570 7 576
1 030 1 015 1 142 1 173 1 135
2 284 2 345 2 547 2 592 2 524
1 675 1 842 1 978 2 077 2 135
908 918 1 059 1 115 1 151
384 438 477 512 502
85 96 105 101 130
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
9 428 9 668 9 845 10 479 10 832
570 568 504 415 446
159 149 141 121 108
411 419 363 294 338
8 859 9 100 9 341 10 063 10 385
1 486 1 473 1 476 1 485 1 514
3 063 3 142 3 271 3 537 3 557
2 358 2 446 2 503 2 724 2 801
1 295 1 375 1 396 1 533 1 654
532 545 569 639 687
126 119 125 144 174
Hispanic Women 1973 ...................................................... 1974 ......................................................
1 198 1 319
... ...
... ...
... ...
1 060 1 166
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1 362 1 417 1 516 1 719 1 824
... 155 155 182 185
... 50 57 65 60
... 106 98 117 125
1 224 1 288 1 370 1 537 1 638
... 249 288 308 349
... 427 449 506 539
... 300 320 352 381
... 204 214 256 241
... 96 86 99 115
... ... ... ... ...
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
2 079 2 216 2 222 2 301 2 568
193 187 181 175 211
65 65 52 54 71
128 122 129 120 140
1 886 2 029 2 040 2 127 2 357
387 418 409 413 442
610 680 704 717 804
412 440 444 464 544
320 326 318 338 354
136 139 139 166 181
... ... ... ... ...
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
2 642 2 791 3 077 3 278 3 401
187 176 206 231 229
62 64 69 84 71
125 112 137 147 158
2 456 2 615 2 872 3 047 3 172
460 458 496 526 504
843 917 1 004 1 042 1 114
585 641 732 756 816
362 397 405 434 453
178 177 209 254 239
... ... ... ... ...
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3 823 3 848 3 934 4 033 4 258
256 246 242 233 268
82 76 72 65 86
174 170 170 168 182
3 567 3 603 3 693 3 800 3 989
588 559 591 571 587
1 251 1 214 1 223 1 246 1 290
917 972 1 031 1 077 1 137
513 548 548 581 648
256 268 256 269 268
... ... ... ... 59
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
4 403 4 602 4 999 5 273 5 653
287 261 294 345 363
85 92 98 97 115
202 169 196 247 248
4 116 4 341 4 705 4 928 5 290
579 612 656 710 746
1 334 1 412 1 482 1 521 1 574
1 213 1 273 1 393 1 428 1 603
657 677 787 879 923
282 310 318 334 384
50 56 69 57 60
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
6 307 6 522 6 744 6 894 7 098
404 401 378 353 346
127 119 113 121 103
277 282 265 231 243
5 903 6 121 6 367 6 541 6 752
870 931 937 914 964
1 887 1 923 2 001 2 004 2 003
1 695 1 703 1 770 1 849 1 870
1 013 1 097 1 114 1 178 1 279
366 398 460 493 523
72 67 84 105 114
Note: Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. . . . = Not available.
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
65
Table 1-12. Civilian Employment to Population Ratios by Sex, Race, Hispanic Origin, and Age, 1948–2004 (Percent.) Total Year, race, and Hispanic origin
16 years and over
Men
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
16 years and over
Women
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
Total 1948 ...................................................... 1949 ......................................................
56.6 55.4
47.7 45.2
57.4 56.3
83.5 81.3
57.5 53.8
85.8 83.7
31.3 31.2
38.5 37.2
30.7 30.6
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
56.1 57.3 57.3 57.1 55.5
45.5 47.9 46.9 46.4 42.3
57.0 58.1 58.1 58.0 56.6
82.0 84.0 83.9 83.6 81.0
55.2 57.9 55.9 55.9 50.2
84.2 86.1 86.2 85.9 83.5
32.0 33.1 33.4 33.3 32.5
36.3 38.9 38.8 37.8 34.9
31.6 32.6 33.0 32.9 32.3
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
56.7 57.5 57.1 55.4 56.0
43.5 45.3 43.9 39.9 39.9
57.8 58.5 58.2 56.8 57.5
81.8 82.3 81.3 78.5 79.3
52.1 53.8 51.8 46.9 47.2
84.3 84.6 83.8 81.2 82.3
34.0 35.1 35.1 34.5 35.0
35.6 37.5 36.7 33.5 33.0
33.8 34.9 35.0 34.6 35.1
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
56.1 55.4 55.5 55.4 55.7
40.5 39.1 39.4 37.4 37.3
57.6 56.9 57.1 57.2 57.7
78.9 77.6 77.7 77.1 77.3
47.6 45.3 45.9 43.8 44.1
81.9 80.8 80.9 80.6 80.9
35.5 35.4 35.6 35.8 36.3
33.8 33.2 33.3 31.5 30.9
35.7 35.6 35.8 36.3 36.9
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
56.2 56.9 57.3 57.5 58.0
38.9 42.1 42.2 42.2 43.4
58.2 58.7 59.0 59.3 59.7
77.5 77.9 78.0 77.8 77.6
46.2 48.9 48.7 48.7 49.5
81.2 81.5 81.5 81.3 81.1
37.1 38.3 39.0 39.6 40.7
32.0 35.6 35.9 36.0 37.5
37.6 38.6 39.3 40.0 41.1
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
57.4 56.6 57.0 57.8 57.8
42.3 41.3 43.5 45.9 46.0
59.2 58.4 58.6 59.3 59.2
76.2 74.9 75.0 75.5 74.9
47.7 46.8 48.9 51.4 51.2
79.7 78.5 78.4 78.6 77.9
40.8 40.4 41.0 42.0 42.6
37.1 36.0 38.2 40.5 41.0
41.2 40.9 41.3 42.2 42.8
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
56.1 56.8 57.9 59.3 59.9
43.3 44.2 46.1 48.3 48.5
57.6 58.3 59.2 60.6 61.2
71.7 72.0 72.8 73.8 73.8
47.2 47.9 50.4 52.2 51.7
74.8 75.1 75.6 76.4 76.5
42.0 43.2 44.5 46.4 47.5
39.4 40.5 41.8 44.5 45.3
42.3 43.5 44.8 46.6 47.7
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
59.2 59.0 57.8 57.9 59.5
46.6 44.6 41.5 41.5 43.7
60.6 60.5 59.4 59.5 61.0
72.0 71.3 69.0 68.8 70.7
49.5 47.1 42.9 43.1 45.0
74.6 74.0 71.8 71.4 73.2
47.7 48.0 47.7 48.0 49.5
43.8 42.0 40.2 40.0 42.5
48.1 48.6 48.4 48.8 50.1
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
60.1 60.7 61.5 62.3 63.0
44.4 44.6 45.5 46.8 47.5
61.5 62.1 62.9 63.6 64.2
70.9 71.0 71.5 72.0 72.5
45.7 45.7 46.1 47.8 48.7
73.3 73.3 73.8 74.2 74.5
50.4 51.4 52.5 53.4 54.3
42.9 43.6 44.8 45.9 46.4
51.0 52.0 53.1 54.0 54.9
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
62.8 61.7 61.5 61.7 62.5
45.3 42.0 41.0 41.7 43.4
64.3 63.2 63.0 63.3 64.0
72.0 70.4 69.8 70.0 70.4
46.6 42.7 41.9 42.3 43.8
74.3 72.7 72.1 72.3 72.6
54.3 53.7 53.8 54.1 55.3
44.0 41.2 40.0 41.0 43.0
55.2 54.6 54.8 55.0 56.2
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
62.9 63.2 63.8 64.1 64.3
44.2 43.5 43.4 45.1 44.7
64.4 64.7 65.5 65.6 65.9
70.8 70.9 71.3 71.6 71.6
44.7 43.6 43.4 44.7 45.1
73.0 73.2 73.7 73.9 74.0
55.6 56.0 56.8 57.1 57.4
43.8 43.5 43.3 45.5 44.3
56.5 57.0 57.8 58.0 58.5
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
64.4 63.7 62.7 62.3 62.3
45.2 42.3 39.6 36.8 36.4
66.0 65.4 64.6 64.3 64.4
71.9 70.9 69.7 68.9 69.2
45.4 42.2 38.9 35.7 35.9
74.2 73.3 72.3 71.7 71.9
57.5 57.0 56.3 56.1 56.0
45.0 42.4 40.3 37.8 37.0
58.4 58.1 57.5 57.5 57.4
66
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-12. Civilian Employment to Population Ratios by Sex, Race, Hispanic Origin, and Age, 1948–2004—Continued (Percent.) Total Year, race, and Hispanic origin
16 years and over
Men
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
16 years and over
Women
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
White1 1954 ......................................................
55.2
42.9
56.2
81.5
49.9
84.0
31.4
36.4
31.1
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
56.5 57.3 56.8 55.3 55.9
44.2 46.1 45.0 41.0 41.2
57.4 58.2 57.8 56.5 57.2
82.2 82.7 81.8 79.2 79.9
52.0 54.1 52.4 47.6 48.1
84.7 85.0 84.1 81.8 82.8
33.0 34.2 34.2 33.6 34.0
37.0 38.9 38.2 35.0 34.8
32.7 33.8 33.9 33.5 34.0
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
55.9 55.3 55.4 55.3 55.5
41.5 40.1 40.4 38.6 38.4
57.2 56.7 56.9 56.9 57.3
79.4 78.2 78.4 77.7 77.8
48.1 45.9 46.4 44.7 45.0
82.4 81.4 81.5 81.1 81.3
34.6 34.5 34.7 35.0 35.5
35.1 34.6 34.8 32.9 32.2
34.5 34.5 34.7 35.2 35.8
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
56.0 56.8 57.2 57.4 58.0
40.3 43.6 43.8 43.9 45.2
57.8 58.3 58.7 59.0 59.4
77.9 78.3 78.4 78.3 78.2
47.1 50.1 50.2 50.3 51.1
81.5 81.7 81.7 81.6 81.4
36.2 37.5 38.3 38.9 40.1
33.7 37.5 37.7 37.8 39.5
36.5 37.5 38.3 39.1 40.1
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
57.5 56.8 57.4 58.2 58.3
44.5 43.8 46.4 48.9 49.3
59.0 58.3 58.6 59.3 59.3
76.8 75.7 76.0 76.5 75.9
49.6 49.2 51.5 54.3 54.4
80.1 79.0 79.0 79.2 78.6
40.3 39.9 40.7 41.8 42.4
39.5 38.6 41.3 43.6 44.3
40.4 40.1 40.6 41.6 42.2
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
56.7 57.5 58.6 60.0 60.6
46.5 47.8 50.1 52.4 52.6
57.9 58.6 59.6 60.8 61.5
73.0 73.4 74.1 75.0 75.1
50.6 51.5 54.4 56.3 55.7
75.7 76.0 76.5 77.2 77.3
42.0 43.2 44.5 46.3 47.5
42.5 44.2 45.9 48.5 49.4
41.9 43.1 44.4 46.1 47.3
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
60.0 60.0 58.8 58.9 60.5
50.7 48.7 45.8 45.9 48.0
61.0 61.1 60.1 60.1 61.5
73.4 72.8 70.6 70.4 72.1
53.4 51.3 47.0 47.4 49.1
75.6 75.1 73.0 72.6 74.3
47.8 48.3 48.1 48.5 49.8
47.9 46.2 44.6 44.5 47.0
47.8 48.5 48.4 48.9 50.0
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
61.0 61.5 62.3 63.1 63.8
48.5 48.8 49.4 50.9 51.6
62.0 62.6 63.4 64.1 64.7
72.3 72.3 72.7 73.2 73.7
49.9 49.6 49.9 51.7 52.6
74.3 74.3 74.7 75.1 75.4
50.7 51.7 52.8 53.8 54.6
47.1 47.9 49.0 50.2 50.5
51.0 52.0 53.1 54.0 54.9
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
63.7 62.6 62.4 62.7 63.5
49.7 46.6 45.3 46.2 47.9
64.8 63.7 63.6 63.9 64.7
73.3 71.6 71.1 71.4 71.8
51.0 47.2 46.4 46.6 48.3
75.1 73.5 73.1 73.3 73.6
54.7 54.2 54.2 54.6 55.8
48.3 45.9 44.2 45.7 47.5
55.2 54.8 54.9 55.2 56.4
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
63.8 64.1 64.6 64.7 64.8
48.8 47.9 47.7 48.9 48.8
64.9 65.3 65.9 65.9 66.1
72.0 72.3 72.7 72.7 72.8
49.4 48.2 48.1 48.6 49.3
73.8 74.2 74.7 74.7 74.8
56.1 56.3 57.0 57.1 57.3
48.1 47.6 47.2 49.3 48.3
56.7 57.0 57.8 57.7 58.0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
64.9 64.2 63.4 63.0 63.1
49.1 46.3 43.2 40.4 40.0
66.1 65.6 64.9 64.7 64.8
73.0 72.0 70.8 70.1 70.4
49.5 46.2 42.3 39.4 39.7
74.9 74.0 73.1 72.5 72.8
57.4 57.0 56.4 56.3 56.1
48.8 46.5 44.1 41.5 40.3
58.0 57.7 57.3 57.3 57.2
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
67
Table 1-12. Civilian Employment to Population Ratios by Sex, Race, Hispanic Origin, and Age, 1948–2004—Continued (Percent.) Total
Year, race, and Hispanic origin
16 years and over
Men
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
16 years and over
Women
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
16 years and over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
Black1 1972 ...................................................... 1973 ...................................................... 1974 ......................................................
53.7 54.5 53.5
25.2 27.2 25.9
58.3 58.9 58.0
66.8 67.5 65.8
31.6 32.8 31.4
73.0 73.7 71.9
43.0 43.8 43.5
19.2 22.0 20.9
46.5 47.2 46.9
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
50.1 50.8 51.4 53.6 53.8
23.1 22.4 22.3 25.2 25.4
54.5 55.4 56.0 58.0 58.1
60.6 60.6 61.4 63.3 63.4
26.3 25.8 26.4 28.5 28.7
66.5 66.8 67.5 69.1 69.1
41.6 42.8 43.3 45.8 46.0
20.2 19.2 18.5 22.1 22.4
44.9 46.4 47.0 49.3 49.3
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
52.3 51.3 49.4 49.5 52.3
23.9 22.1 19.0 18.7 21.9
56.4 55.5 53.6 53.6 56.1
60.4 59.1 56.0 56.3 59.2
27.0 24.6 20.3 20.4 23.9
65.8 64.5 61.4 61.6 64.1
45.7 45.1 44.2 44.1 46.7
21.0 19.7 17.7 17.0 20.1
49.1 48.5 47.5 47.4 49.8
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
53.4 54.1 55.6 56.3 56.9
24.6 25.1 27.1 27.6 28.7
57.0 57.6 58.9 59.7 60.1
60.0 60.6 62.0 62.7 62.8
26.3 26.5 28.5 29.4 30.4
64.6 65.1 66.4 67.1 67.0
48.1 48.8 50.3 51.2 52.0
23.1 23.8 25.8 25.8 27.1
50.9 51.6 53.0 53.9 54.6
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
56.7 55.4 54.9 55.0 56.1
26.7 22.6 22.8 22.6 24.9
60.2 59.0 58.3 58.4 59.4
62.6 61.3 59.9 60.0 60.8
27.7 23.8 23.6 23.6 25.4
67.1 65.9 64.3 64.3 65.0
51.9 50.6 50.8 50.9 52.3
25.8 21.5 22.1 21.6 24.5
54.7 53.6 53.6 53.8 55.0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
57.1 57.4 58.2 59.7 60.6
25.7 26.0 26.1 30.1 27.9
60.5 60.8 61.8 63.0 64.2
61.7 61.1 61.4 62.9 63.1
25.2 24.9 23.7 28.4 26.7
66.1 65.5 66.1 67.1 67.5
53.4 54.4 55.6 57.2 58.6
26.1 27.1 28.5 31.8 29.0
56.1 57.1 58.4 59.7 61.5
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
60.9 59.7 58.1 57.4 57.2
29.8 26.7 25.3 21.7 21.5
64.2 63.2 61.6 61.0 60.9
63.6 62.1 61.1 59.5 59.3
28.9 26.4 25.6 19.9 19.3
67.7 66.3 65.2 64.1 63.9
58.6 57.8 55.8 55.6 55.5
30.6 27.0 24.9 23.4 23.6
61.3 60.7 58.7 58.6 58.5
Hispanic 1973 ...................................................... 1974 ......................................................
55.6 56.2
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
53.4 53.8 55.4 57.2 58.3
... ... ... ... ...
... 56.6 58.3 60.0 61.0
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
57.6 57.4 54.9 55.1 57.9
... ... ... ... ...
60.5 60.7 58.2 58.1 60.7
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
57.8 58.5 60.5 61.9 62.2
... ... ... ... ...
60.7 61.5 63.4 64.6 64.8
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
61.9 59.8 59.1 59.1 59.5
... ... ... ... 33.5
64.8 62.8 62.1 62.1 62.4
... ... ... ... 71.7
... ... ... ... 36.8
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... 47.2
... ... ... ... 30.1
... ... ... ... ...
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
59.7 60.6 62.6 63.1 63.4
34.4 33.1 33.7 36.0 37.0
62.6 63.7 66.0 66.2 66.5
72.1 73.3 74.5 74.7 75.3
37.5 38.8 37.6 38.6 41.2
... ... ... ... ...
47.3 47.9 50.2 51.0 51.7
31.3 27.3 29.3 33.0 32.5
... ... ... ... ...
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
65.7 64.9 63.9 63.1 63.8
38.6 38.6 35.2 30.2 30.4
... 67.8 67.0 66.4 67.2
77.4 76.2 74.5 74.3 75.1
42.8 43.3 39.0 31.9 33.4
81.7 79.9 78.3 78.6 79.4
53.6 53.3 52.9 51.2 51.8
33.9 33.5 31.1 28.4 27.2
55.8 55.4 55.2 53.6 54.4
Note: Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. 1Beginning in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race. . . . = Not available.
68
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-13. Employed Civilians by Occupation, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin, New Series, 2002–2004 (Thousands of people.) Occupation
Women
White1
Black1
Total
Men
Hispanic
136 485 47 180 19 823 27 358 1 287 2 151 21 766 2 694 2 696 6 968 5 050 4 358 35 408 19 580 13 562 1 040 7 898 4 623 18 569 8 488
72 903 23 612 11 619 11 993 741 836 9 504 260 2 139 3 077 3 094 934 12 821 4 690 12 874 788 7 674 4 412 14 091 7 228
63 582 23 568 8 204 15 364 545 1 315 12 261 2 434 557 3 891 1 956 3 424 22 587 14 890 688 252 224 212 4 478 1 260
114 013 40 318 17 435 22 883 1 079 1 675 16 962 1 836 2 082 5 647 4 000 3 397 29 745 16 123 12 071 928 7 076 4 067 14 918 6 797
14 872 3 818 1 364 2 454 67 662 3 519 712 522 823 819 643 3 872 2 515 1 009 58 573 377 2 654 1 348
16 590 2 822 1 142 1 679 27 175 3 979 324 276 1 342 1 492 545 3 632 2 058 2 747 430 1 754 563 3 410 1 400
137 736 47 929 19 934 27 995 1 375 2 184 22 086 2 926 2 727 7 254 4 947 4 232 35 496 19 536 14 205 1 050 8 114 5 041 18 020 8 320
73 332 23 735 11 534 12 201 783 862 9 460 311 2 164 3 151 2 920 915 12 851 4 714 13 541 819 7 891 4 830 13 745 7 049
64 404 24 194 8 400 15 794 592 1 323 12 626 2 616 563 4 104 2 027 3 316 22 645 14 823 665 231 223 211 4 274 1 270
114 235 40 558 17 377 23 181 1 113 1 663 17 132 1 996 2 098 5 797 3 920 3 321 29 555 15 968 12 600 954 7 242 4 404 14 391 6 625
14 739 3 923 1 368 2 555 86 408 3 408 738 511 842 740 578 3 881 2 465 1 022 49 578 395 2 504 1 301
17 372 2 925 1 176 1 749 81 184 4 175 365 276 1 441 1 542 550 3 820 2 167 3 023 423 1 926 674 3 430 8 320
139 252 48 532 20 235 28 297 1 365 2 170 22 720 2 921 2 847 7 279 5 185 4 488 35 464 19 481 14 582 991 8 522 5 069 17 954 8 491
74 524 24 136 11 718 12 418 777 845 9 826 311 2 230 3 196 3 085 1 004 12 805 4 700 13 930 786 8 306 4 838 13 827 7 240
64 728 24 396 8 517 15 879 588 1 325 12 894 2 609 616 4 084 2 100 3 484 22 660 14 781 652 204 216 231 4 126 1 251
115 239 41 027 17 590 23 438 1 143 1 650 17 544 1 991 2 197 5 854 4 094 3 407 29 399 15 842 12 928 885 7 642 4 401 14 340 6 746
14 909 3 949 1 408 2 541 76 415 3 543 758 510 835 773 667 3 918 2 487 1 012 53 572 387 2 488 1 364
17 930 3 101 1 290 1 811 69 203 4 336 384 315 1 405 1 661 571 3 818 2 164 3 229 387 2 127 715 3 446 1 552
2002 Total ................................................................................................. Management, professional, and related occupations ....................... Management, business, and financial operations occupations .... Professional and related occupations ........................................... Life, physical, and social science occupations ................................. Community and social services occupations ................................ Service occupations ......................................................................... Healthcare support occupations ................................................... Protective service occupations ..................................................... Food preparation and serving related occupations ...................... Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations ..... Personal care and service occupations ........................................ Sales and office occupations ............................................................ Office and administrative support occupations ............................. Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations ...... Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ................................... Construction and extraction occupations ...................................... Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ....................... Production, transportation, and material moving occupations .......... Transportation and material moving occupations .........................
2003 Total ................................................................................................. Management, professional, and related occupations ....................... Management, business, and financial operations occupations .... Professional and related occupations ........................................... Life, physical, and social science occupations ................................. Community and social services occupations ................................ Service occupations ......................................................................... Healthcare support occupations ................................................... Protective service occupations ..................................................... Food preparation and serving related occupations ...................... Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations ..... Personal care and service occupations ........................................ Sales and office occupations ............................................................ Office and administrative support occupations ............................. Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations ...... Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ................................... Construction and extraction occupations ...................................... Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ....................... Production, transportation, and material moving occupations .......... Transportation and material moving occupations .........................
2004 Total ................................................................................................. Management, professional, and related occupations ....................... Management, business, and financial operations occupations .... Professional and related occupations ........................................... Life, physical, and social science occupations ................................. Community and social services occupations ................................ Service occupations ......................................................................... Healthcare support occupations ................................................... Protective service occupations ..................................................... Food preparation and serving related occupations ...................... Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations ..... Personal care and service occupations ........................................ Sales and office occupations ............................................................ Office and administrative support occupations ............................. Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations ...... Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ................................... Construction and extraction occupations ...................................... Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ....................... Production, transportation, and material moving occupations .......... Transportation and material moving occupations .........................
Note: Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. 1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
69
Table 1-14. Employed Civilians by Occupation, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin, Old Series, 1984–1999 (Thousands of people.) 1984
1985
Occupation Total
Total ......................................................................................... 118 793 Managerial and professional specialty ..................................... 30 602 Executive, administrative, and managerial ........................... 14 802 Professional specialty ........................................................... 15 800 Technical, sales, and administrative support ............................ 36 913 Technicians and related support .......................................... 3 866 Sales occupations ................................................................. 14 285 Administrative support, including clerical .............................. 18 762 Service occupations .................................................................. 16 012 Private household ................................................................. 792 Protective service ................................................................. 2 000 Service, except private household and protective ............... 13 220 Precision production, craft, and repair ...................................... 13 745 Operators, fabricators, and laborers ......................................... 18 071 Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .................. 8 200 Transportation and material moving occupations ................. 4 886 Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ......... 4 985 Farming, forestry, and fishing ................................................... 3 450
Men
65 104 16 601 8 872 7 729 13 054 1 973 7 247 3 834 6 470 29 1 708 4 732 12 580 13 494 4 931 4 449 4 114 2 907
Women
53 689 14 001 5 931 8 071 23 859 1 893 7 038 14 928 9 543 763 293 8 488 1 166 4 577 3 269 436 871 544
White
102 261 27 416 13 432 13 984 32 136 3 298 12 871 15 967 12 565 571 1 618 10 376 12 255 14 732 6 668 4 010 4 054 3 157
Black
12 175 1 945 869 1 076 3 465 357 937 2 170 2 757 191 334 2 233 1 083 2 715 1 184 757 775 209
Hispanic
9 845 1 208 630 578 2 366 182 848 1 336 1 984 168 131 1 685 1 301 2 436 1 249 466 721 550
Total
117 718 30 934 14 904 16 030 36 318 3 814 14 052 18 452 16 254 799 2 083 13 372 13 250 17 456 7 820 4 913 4 723 3 506
Men
64 223 16 623 8 858 7 765 12 852 1 937 7 180 3 735 6 610 33 1 765 4 812 12 112 13 075 4 693 4 476 3 906 2 951
1986
Women
53 496 14 311 6 046 8 265 23 466 1 877 6 872 14 717 9 644 766 318 8 560 1 138 4 380 3 127 437 816 556
White
101 182 27 706 13 513 14 193 31 524 3 257 12 590 15 677 12 739 608 1 682 10 449 11 824 14 205 6 284 4 022 3 899 3 184
Black
12 074 1 972 875 1 097 3 443 344 955 2 145 2 783 162 351 2 270 1 039 2 613 1 159 774 680 224
Hispanic
9 828 1 259 653 606 2 413 196 867 1 349 2 005 179 144 1 682 1 269 2 311 1 142 462 707 570
1987
Occupation Total
Total ......................................................................................... 118 492 Managerial and professional specialty ..................................... 31 085 Executive, administrative, and managerial ........................... 14 722 Professional specialty ........................................................... 16 363 Technical, sales, and administrative support ............................ 37 048 Technicians and related support .......................................... 4 277 Sales occupations ................................................................. 14 014 Administrative support, including clerical .............................. 18 757 Service occupations .................................................................. 16 377 Private household ................................................................. 891 Protective service ................................................................. 2 114 Service, except private household and protective ............... 13 373 Precision production, craft, and repair ...................................... 13 225 Operators, fabricators, and laborers ......................................... 17 247 Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .................. 7 658 Transportation and material moving occupations ................. 4 908 Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ......... 4 682 Farming, forestry, and fishing ................................................... 3 510
Men
64 440 16 387 8 612 7 775 13 379 2 185 7 286 3 908 6 676 37 1 760 4 879 12 087 12 954 4 623 4 482 3 850 2 957
Women
54 052 14 698 6 110 8 588 23 669 2 092 6 728 14 849 9 701 854 354 8 493 1 137 4 294 3 035 426 832 553
White
101 669 27 719 13 327 14 393 32 167 3 620 12 576 15 971 12 778 695 1 669 10 414 11 798 14 018 6 141 4 069 3 808 3 188
Black
12 151 2 044 872 1 172 3 423 418 891 2 114 2 843 162 383 2 298 1 016 2 599 1 153 730 716 226
Hispanic
10 027 1 322 683 639 2 492 216 882 1 395 2 037 187 168 1 682 1 345 2 243 1 130 460 653 588
Total
120 259 32 231 15 338 16 893 37 058 4 039 14 342 18 677 16 821 928 2 165 13 727 13 429 17 341 7 553 5 036 4 753 3 379
Men
65 349 16 811 8 897 7 915 13 417 2 000 7 418 3 999 6 867 45 1 792 5 030 12 279 13 109 4 642 4 570 3 897 2 864
1988
Women
54 910 15 419 6 441 8 978 23 641 2 039 6 924 14 679 9 953 883 373 8 697 1 150 4 232 2 911 465 856 515
White
103 045 28 647 13 783 14 863 32 096 3 433 12 824 15 839 13 145 735 1 729 10 681 11 990 14 090 6 066 4 195 3 829 3 078
Black
12 382 2 181 977 1 204 3 501 395 974 2 132 2 901 154 380 2 367 1 006 2 580 1 117 706 757 212
Hispanic
10 361 1 437 762 675 2 578 223 940 1 415 2 069 214 160 1 695 1 372 2 310 1 140 481 689 596
1989
Occupation Total
Total ......................................................................................... 123 060 Managerial and professional specialty ..................................... 33 847 Executive, administrative, and managerial ........................... 16 312 Professional specialty ........................................................... 17 536 Technical, sales, and administrative support ............................ 37 306 Technicians and related support .......................................... 3 869 Sales occupations ................................................................. 14 817 Administrative support, including clerical .............................. 18 620 Service occupations .................................................................. 16 912 Private household ................................................................. 817 Protective service ................................................................. 2 249 Service, except private household and protective ............... 13 847 Precision production, craft, and repair ...................................... 13 489 Operators, fabricators, and laborers ......................................... 17 876 Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .................. 7 754 Transportation and material moving occupations ................. 5 136 Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ......... 4 986 Farming, forestry, and fishing ................................................... 3 629
Men
66 450 17 583 9 298 8 285 13 322 1 856 7 543 3 923 6 840 30 1 873 4 938 12 241 13 535 4 800 4 654 4 081 2 928
Women
56 610 16 264 7 014 9 250 23 984 2 013 7 273 14 697 10 072 787 376 8 909 1 248 4 341 2 954 483 904 701
White
105 190 30 045 14 605 15 439 32 232 3 301 13 235 15 696 13 207 643 1 778 10 787 11 974 14 416 6 166 4 227 4 023 3 315
Black
12 835 2 405 1 103 1 302 3 637 376 1 056 2 205 2 890 136 407 2 346 1 040 2 677 1 167 749 760 187
Hispanic
10 788 1 517 807 709 2 639 205 1 010 1 424 2 131 223 167 1 741 1 407 2 474 1 151 511 811 620
Total
124 900 35 318 17 186 18 132 37 417 3 909 15 119 18 389 16 930 821 2 237 13 872 13 524 18 068 7 907 5 171 4 990 3 642
Men
67 377 18 378 9 840 8 539 13 310 1 900 7 634 3 776 6 774 37 1 881 4 857 12 323 13 675 4 958 4 682 4 035 2 916
Women
57 523 16 940 7 346 9 593 24 107 2 009 7 485 14 613 10 155 784 356 9 015 1 201 4 393 2 949 490 955 726
White
106 490 31 323 15 398 15 924 32 184 3 361 13 366 15 457 13 208 638 1 772 10 799 11 949 14 496 6 221 4 254 4 022 3 330
Black
13 279 2 651 1 233 1 418 3 808 378 1 183 2 248 2 880 137 406 2 337 1 073 2 712 1 218 760 734 154
Hispanic
11 127 1 548 821 727 2 719 240 1 048 1 431 2 195 204 166 1 825 1 430 2 577 1 250 512 816 658
70
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-14. Employed Civilians by Occupation, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin, Old Series, 1984–1999 —Continued (Thousands of people.) 1990
1991
Occupation Total
Total ......................................................................................... 118 793 Managerial and professional specialty ..................................... 30 602 Executive, administrative, and managerial ........................... 14 802 Professional specialty ........................................................... 15 800 Technical, sales, and administrative support ............................ 36 913 Technicians and related support .......................................... 3 866 Sales occupations ................................................................ 14 285 Administrative support, including clerical .............................. 18 762 Service occupations ................................................................. 16 012 Private household ................................................................. 792 Protective service ................................................................. 2 000 Service, except private household and protective ............... 13 220 Precision production, craft, and repair ...................................... 13 745 Operators, fabricators, and laborers ......................................... 18 071 Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .................. 8 200 Transportation and material moving occupations ................. 4 886 Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ......... 4 985 Farming, forestry, and fishing ................................................... 3 450
Men
65 104 16 601 8 872 7 729 13 054 1 973 7 247 3 834 6 470 29 1 708 4 732 12 580 13 494 4 931 4 449 4 114 2 907
Women
53 689 14 001 5 931 8 071 23 859 1 893 7 038 14 928 9 543 763 293 8 488 1 166 4 577 3 269 436 871 544
White
102 261 27 416 13 432 13 984 32 136 3 298 12 871 15 967 12 565 571 1 618 10 376 12 255 14 732 6 668 4 010 4 054 3 157
Black
12 175 1 945 869 1 076 3 465 357 937 2 170 2 757 191 334 2 233 1 083 2 715 1 184 757 775 209
Hispanic
9 845 1 208 630 578 2 366 182 848 1 336 1 984 168 131 1 685 1 301 2 436 1 249 466 721 550
Total
117 718 30 934 14 904 16 030 36 318 3 814 14 052 18 452 16 254 799 2 083 13 372 13 250 17 456 7 820 4 913 4 723 3 506
Men
64 223 16 623 8 858 7 765 12 852 1 937 7 180 3 735 6 610 33 1 765 4 812 12 112 13 075 4 693 4 476 3 906 2 951
1992
Women
53 496 14 311 6 046 8 265 23 466 1 877 6 872 14 717 9 644 766 318 8 560 1 138 4 380 3 127 437 816 556
White
101 182 27 706 13 513 14 193 31 524 3 257 12 590 15 677 12 739 608 1 682 10 449 11 824 14 205 6 284 4 022 3 899 3 184
Black
12 074 1 972 875 1 097 3 443 344 955 2 145 2 783 162 351 2 270 1 039 2 613 1 159 774 680 224
Hispanic
9 828 1 259 653 606 2 413 196 867 1 349 2 005 179 144 1 682 1 269 2 311 1 142 462 707 570
1993
Occupation Total
Total ......................................................................................... 118 492 Managerial and professional specialty ..................................... 31 085 Executive, administrative, and managerial ........................... 14 722 Professional specialty ........................................................... 16 363 Technical, sales, and administrative support ............................ 37 048 Technicians and related support .......................................... 4 277 Sales occupations ................................................................ 14 014 Administrative support, including clerical .............................. 18 757 Service occupations ................................................................. 16 377 Private household ................................................................. 891 Protective service ................................................................. 2 114 Service, except private household and protective ............... 13 373 Precision production, craft, and repair ...................................... 13 225 Operators, fabricators, and laborers ......................................... 17 247 Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .................. 7 658 Transportation and material moving occupations ................. 4 908 Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ......... 4 682 Farming, forestry, and fishing ................................................... 3 510
Men
64 440 16 387 8 612 7 775 13 379 2 185 7 286 3 908 6 676 37 1 760 4 879 12 087 12 954 4 623 4 482 3 850 2 957
Women
54 052 14 698 6 110 8 588 23 669 2 092 6 728 14 849 9 701 854 354 8 493 1 137 4 294 3 035 426 832 553
White
101 669 27 719 13 327 14 393 32 167 3 620 12 576 15 971 12 778 695 1 669 10 414 11 798 14 018 6 141 4 069 3 808 3 188
Black
12 151 2 044 872 1 172 3 423 418 891 2 114 2 843 162 383 2 298 1 016 2 599 1 153 730 716 226
Hispanic
10 027 1 322 683 639 2 492 216 882 1 395 2 037 187 168 1 682 1 345 2 243 1 130 460 653 588
Total
120 259 32 231 15 338 16 893 37 058 4 039 14 342 18 677 16 821 928 2 165 13 727 13 429 17 341 7 553 5 036 4 753 3 379
Men
65 349 16 811 8 897 7 915 13 417 2 000 7 418 3 999 6 867 45 1 792 5 030 12 279 13 109 4 642 4 570 3 897 2 864
1994
Women
54 910 15 419 6 441 8 978 23 641 2 039 6 924 14 679 9 953 883 373 8 697 1 150 4 232 2 911 465 856 515
White
103 045 28 647 13 783 14 863 32 096 3 433 12 824 15 839 13 145 735 1 729 10 681 11 990 14 090 6 066 4 195 3 829 3 078
Black
12 382 2 181 977 1 204 3 501 395 974 2 132 2 901 154 380 2 367 1 006 2 580 1 117 706 757 212
Hispanic
10 361 1 437 762 675 2 578 223 940 1 415 2 069 214 160 1 695 1 372 2 310 1 140 481 689 596
1995
Occupation Total
Total ......................................................................................... 123 060 Managerial and professional specialty ..................................... 33 847 Executive, administrative, and managerial ........................... 16 312 Professional specialty ........................................................... 17 536 Technical, sales, and administrative support ............................ 37 306 Technicians and related support .......................................... 3 869 Sales occupations ................................................................ 14 817 Administrative support, including clerical .............................. 18 620 Service occupations ................................................................. 16 912 Private household ................................................................. 817 Protective service ................................................................. 2 249 Service, except private household and protective ............... 13 847 Precision production, craft, and repair ...................................... 13 489 Operators, fabricators, and laborers ......................................... 17 876 Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .................. 7 754 Transportation and material moving occupations ................. 5 136 Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ......... 4 986 Farming, forestry, and fishing ................................................... 3 629
Men
66 450 17 583 9 298 8 285 13 322 1 856 7 543 3 923 6 840 30 1 873 4 938 12 241 13 535 4 800 4 654 4 081 2 928
Women
56 610 16 264 7 014 9 250 23 984 2 013 7 273 14 697 10 072 787 376 8 909 1 248 4 341 2 954 483 904 701
White
105 190 30 045 14 605 15 439 32 232 3 301 13 235 15 696 13 207 643 1 778 10 787 11 974 14 416 6 166 4 227 4 023 3 315
Black
12 835 2 405 1 103 1 302 3 637 376 1 056 2 205 2 890 136 407 2 346 1 040 2 677 1 167 749 760 187
Hispanic
10 788 1 517 807 709 2 639 205 1 010 1 424 2 131 223 167 1 741 1 407 2 474 1 151 511 811 620
Total
124 900 35 318 17 186 18 132 37 417 3 909 15 119 18 389 16 930 821 2 237 13 872 13 524 18 068 7 907 5 171 4 990 3 642
Men
67 377 18 378 9 840 8 539 13 310 1 900 7 634 3 776 6 774 37 1 881 4 857 12 323 13 675 4 958 4 682 4 035 2 916
Women
57 523 16 940 7 346 9 593 24 107 2 009 7 485 14 613 10 155 784 356 9 015 1 201 4 393 2 949 490 955 726
White
106 490 31 323 15 398 15 924 32 184 3 361 13 366 15 457 13 208 638 1 772 10 799 11 949 14 496 6 221 4 254 4 022 3 330
Black
13 279 2 651 1 233 1 418 3 808 378 1 183 2 248 2 880 137 406 2 337 1 073 2 712 1 218 760 734 154
Hispanic
11 127 1 548 821 727 2 719 240 1 048 1 431 2 195 204 166 1 825 1 430 2 577 1 250 512 816 658
71
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-14. Employed Civilians by Occupation, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin, Old Series, 1984–1999 —Continued (Thousands of people.) 1996
1997
Occupation Total
Total .......................................................................................... 126 708 Managerial and professional specialty ..................................... 36 497 Executive, administrative, and managerial ........................... 17 746 Professional specialty ........................................................... 18 752 Technical, sales, and administrative support ............................ 37 683 Technicians and related support .......................................... 3 926 Sales occupations ................................................................ 15 404 Administrative support, including clerical .............................. 18 353 Service occupations ................................................................. 17 177 Private household ................................................................. 804 Protective service ................................................................. 2 187 Service, except private household and protective ............... 14 186 Precision production, craft, and repair ...................................... 13 587 Operators, fabricators, and laborers ......................................... 18 197 Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .................. 7 874 Transportation and material moving occupations ................. 5 302 Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ......... 5 021 Farming, forestry, and fishing ................................................... 3 566
Men
68 207 18 744 9 979 8 764 13 489 1 865 7 782 3 842 6 967 41 1 811 5 115 12 368 13 750 4 902 4 799 4 049 2 889
Women
58 501 17 754 7 767 9 987 24 194 2 061 7 622 14 511 10 210 764 375 9 071 1 219 4 447 2 972 504 971 677
White
107 808 32 116 15 807 16 309 32 177 3 334 13 519 15 323 13 447 637 1 748 11 062 12 020 14 697 6 270 4 412 4 016 3 350
Black
13 542 2 706 1 218 1 488 3 877 368 1 218 2 291 2 962 139 389 2 435 1 069 2 789 1 193 772 824 139
Hispanic
11 642 1 654 854 799 2 849 248 1 085 1 516 2 349 211 175 1 963 1 498 2 607 1 295 548 764 685
Total
129 558 37 686 18 440 19 245 38 309 4 214 15 734 18 361 17 537 795 2 300 14 442 14 124 18 399 7 962 5 389 5 048 3 503
Men
69 685 19 249 10 271 8 978 13 760 2 028 7 840 3 892 7 122 37 1 890 5 195 12 868 13 858 4 962 4 872 4 025 2 828
1998
Women
59 873 18 437 8 170 10 267 24 549 2 186 7 894 14 469 10 416 758 411 9 247 1 256 4 540 3 000 518 1 023 675
White
109 856 33 089 16 420 16 669 32 624 3 571 13 730 15 323 13 604 642 1 800 11 162 12 472 14 813 6 322 4 435 4 057 3 254
Black
13 969 2 764 1 267 1 497 4 032 410 1 271 2 352 3 092 129 430 2 533 1 144 2 781 1 178 819 784 156
Hispanic
12 726 1 867 1 001 866 3 026 256 1 198 1 572 2 560 212 202 2 146 1 714 2 839 1 426 592 821 721
1999
Occupation Total
Total .......................................................................................... 131 463 Managerial and professional specialty ..................................... 38 937 Executive, administrative, and managerial ........................... 19 054 Professional specialty ........................................................... 19 883 Technical, sales, and administrative support ............................ 38 521 Technicians and related support .......................................... 4 261 Sales occupations ................................................................ 15 850 Administrative support, including clerical .............................. 18 410 Service occupations ................................................................. 17 836 Private household ................................................................. 847 Protective service ................................................................. 2 417 Service, except private household and protective ............... 14 572 Precision production, craft, and repair ...................................... 14 411 Operators, fabricators, and laborers ......................................... 18 256 Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .................. 7 791 Transportation and material moving occupations ................. 5 363 Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ......... 5 102 Farming, forestry, and fishing ................................................... 3 502
Men
70 693 19 867 10 585 9 282 13 792 1 976 7 875 3 941 7 222 46 1 986 5 190 13 208 13 769 4 882 4 818 4 069 2 835
Women
60 771 19 070 8 469 10 602 24 728 2 285 7 975 14 469 10 614 801 431 9 382 1 203 4 487 2 909 545 1 033 668
White
110 931 34 063 16 903 17 160 32 490 3 557 13 704 15 229 13 807 704 1 892 11 211 12 729 14 609 6 146 4 351 4 112 3 233
Black
14 556 2 947 1 368 1 579 4 264 441 1 415 2 408 3 148 116 463 2 569 1 158 2 866 1 200 872 795 172
Hispanic
13 291 1 933 1 028 905 3 186 283 1 245 1 657 2 670 262 204 2 204 1 793 2 917 1 340 640 938 792
Total
133 488 40 467 19 584 20 883 38 921 4 355 16 118 18 448 17 915 831 2 440 14 644 14 593 18 167 7 386 5 516 5 265 3 426
Men
71 446 20 446 10 744 9 702 14 079 2 094 8 049 3 936 7 093 40 1 980 5 074 13 286 13 793 4 637 4 968 4 188 2 749
Women
62 042 20 021 8 840 11 181 24 842 2 261 8 069 14 512 10 822 791 460 9 570 1 307 4 374 2 749 548 1 077 676
White
112 235 35 125 17 235 17 890 32 779 3 622 13 956 15 201 13 725 670 1 886 11 168 12 908 14 535 5 824 4 488 4 223 3 165
Black
15 056 3 233 1 484 1 749 4 356 467 1 405 2 484 3 275 126 484 2 666 1 174 2 847 1 143 879 825 172
Hispanic
13 720 2 040 1 097 943 3 286 279 1 267 1 740 2 716 244 200 2 271 1 871 3 014 1 364 659 992 793
Note: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "Other" races group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the White and Black population groups. See "Notes and Definitions" for information on historical comparability.
72
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-15. Employed Civilians by Industry and Occupation, New Series, 2002–2004 (Thousands of people.)
Industry
Life, physical, and social science occupations
136 485 2 311 502 9 981 17 233 10 833 6 400 4 144 15 663 5 971 1 273 3 691 6 749 2 816 8 408 5 607 11 724 15 900 2 639 8 902 6 665 6 307
47 180 1 173 127 1 673 4 626 3 116 1 510 668 1 634 636 387 1 778 3 051 850 6 344 1 118 8 695 8 297 836 1 347 1 452 2 489
1 287 24 15 8 272 71 201 20 14 4 30 11 20 6 288 22 161 184 11 3 15 181
21 766 69 9 82 280 136 144 53 589 281 34 87 63 345 110 2 285 1 281 4 725 1 233 6 060 2 269 1 912
35 408 108 47 764 2 447 1 452 995 2 286 10 892 1 601 269 1 270 3 560 1 346 1 659 1 325 1 261 2 486 410 1 079 1 141 1 455
13 562 864 202 6 940 1 250 854 395 242 815 374 297 380 29 141 127 228 158 99 91 54 1 008 263
18 569 96 117 522 8 630 5 274 3 356 895 1 733 3 078 287 175 46 133 170 651 329 294 68 362 794 189
137 736 2 275 525 10 138 16 902 10 520 6 382 4 486 16 220 5 758 1 193 3 687 6 834 2 914 8 243 5 636 11 826 16 434 2 587 9 021 6 815 6 243
47 929 1 088 133 1 590 4 733 3 207 1 526 782 1 679 630 376 1 852 3 142 881 6 237 1 131 8 808 8 665 891 1 267 1 482 2 563
1 375 29 18 6 287 58 229 20 15 6 28 12 26 6 320 25 170 201 9 2 14 182
22 086 80 6 60 252 128 123 47 569 268 21 91 67 304 122 2 321 1 274 4 785 1 193 6 393 2 321 1 912
35 496 112 57 693 2 340 1 370 970 2 477 11 273 1 614 252 1 188 3 561 1 421 1 627 1 286 1 236 2 565 361 988 1 064 1 384
14 205 901 203 7 277 1 150 756 394 239 888 401 293 380 36 194 130 262 187 127 92 57 1 144 245
18 020 94 127 519 8 428 5 060 3 368 941 1 811 2 845 251 176 29 114 128 637 322 291 50 315 804 138
139 252 2 232 539 10 768 16 484 10 329 6 155 4 600 16 269 5 844 1 168 3 463 6 940 3 029 8 386 5 722 12 058 16 661 2 690 9 131 6 903 6 365
48 532 1 092 118 1 696 4 719 3 202 1 517 754 1 759 593 373 1 766 3 311 931 6 333 1 050 9 036 8 756 898 1 286 1 467 2 594
1 365 28 13 5 265 53 212 12 16 3 35 19 17 2 326 26 170 211 15 4 16 181
22 720 95 5 70 225 113 113 60 571 277 22 93 69 280 108 2 503 1 298 4 860 1 266 6 487 2 408 2 021
35 464 106 51 732 2 185 1 247 938 2 553 11 295 1 636 266 1 102 3 495 1 502 1 651 1 249 1 201 2 634 372 1 000 1 082 1 354
14 582 837 232 7 743 1 151 771 380 292 815 383 276 341 34 201 139 278 184 127 86 70 1 134 259
17 954 103 133 527 8 203 4 996 3 207 940 1 830 2 955 231 161 30 115 156 642 338 285 67 289 812 138
Total employed
Service occupations
Sales and office occupations
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations
Production, transportation, and material moving occupations
Management, professional, and related occupations
2002 Total ........................................................................... Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting .................... Mining ......................................................................... Construction ................................................................ Manufacturing ............................................................. Durable goods ......................................................... Nondurable goods ................................................... Wholesale trade .......................................................... Retail trade .................................................................. Transportation and warehousing ................................ Utilities ........................................................................ Information .................................................................. Finance and insurance ................................................ Real estate and rental and leasing ............................. Professional and technical services ............................ Management, administrative, and waste services ...... Educational services ................................................... Healthcare and social assistance ............................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation ............................. Accommodation and food services ............................. Other services ............................................................. Public administration ................................................... 2003 Total ........................................................................... Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting .................... Mining ......................................................................... Construction ................................................................ Manufacturing ............................................................. Durable goods ......................................................... Nondurable goods ................................................... Wholesale trade .......................................................... Retail trade .................................................................. Transportation and warehousing ................................ Utilities ........................................................................ Information .................................................................. Finance and insurance ................................................ Real estate and rental and leasing ............................. Professional and technical services ............................ Management, administrative, and waste services ...... Educational services ................................................... Healthcare and social assistance ............................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation ............................. Accommodation and food services ............................. Other services ............................................................. Public administration ................................................... 2004 Total ........................................................................... Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting .................... Mining ......................................................................... Construction ................................................................ Manufacturing ............................................................. Durable goods ......................................................... Nondurable goods ................................................... Wholesale trade .......................................................... Retail trade .................................................................. Transportation and warehousing ................................ Utilities ........................................................................ Information .................................................................. Finance and insurance ................................................ Real estate and rental and leasing ............................. Professional and technical services ............................ Management, administrative, and water services ....... Educational services ................................................... Healthcare and social assistance ............................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation ............................. Accommodation and food services ............................. Other services ............................................................. Public administration ...................................................
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
73
Table 1-16. Employed Civilians by Industry and Occupation, Old Series, 1990–1999 (Thousands of people.) Managerial and professional specialty
Industry
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Executive, Total Techniemployed adminisProfescians and trative, sional related and man- specialty support agerial
Sales
Administrative support, including clerical
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Service occupations
Handlers, Precision producMachine equipOther Transporment tion, craft, operators, services, tation and Private cleaners, and repair assemmaterial household including blers, and helpers, protective moving and inspectors laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
1990 Agriculture ............................................... Mining ...................................................... Construction ............................................ Manufacturing .......................................... Durable goods ..................................... Nondurable goods ............................... Transportation and public utilities ............ Wholesale trade ...................................... Retail trade .............................................. Finance, insurance, and real estate ........ Services ................................................... Services, except private households ... Professional services ...................... Public administration ...............................
3 223 724 7 764 21 346 12 630 8 717 8 168 4 669 19 953 8 051 39 267 38 231 25 351 5 627
95 110 1 034 2 530 1 521 1 010 915 528 1 557 2 087 4 745 4 742 2 642 1 199
85 63 133 1 794 1 225 569 459 88 379 225 11 786 11 773 10 425 788
30 32 64 765 533 232 306 50 89 155 2 125 2 121 1 719 251
23 9 75 779 326 453 340 1 862 8 295 1 904 971 969 162 26
108 72 426 2 363 1 363 1 000 2 166 788 1 633 3 097 6 561 6 552 4 763 1 549
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 792 ... ... ...
17 9 35 374 197 178 293 39 4 584 296 8 194 8 098 4 545 1 380
42 243 4 445 3 964 2 721 1 243 1 259 323 1 181 155 1 898 1 881 400 235
13 26 114 6 696 3 685 3 011 122 138 197 19 831 829 228 43
49 123 524 805 416 389 1 812 464 512 17 521 514 276 60
21 36 890 1 173 552 621 481 380 1 498 25 436 417 101 44
2 740 2 23 102 91 11 14 10 27 71 408 336 91 53
3 269 732 7 140 20 580 12 015 8 565 8 234 4 660 19 758 7 806 39 884 38 868 25 853 5 655
91 112 969 2 499 1 489 1 010 973 537 1 591 2 027 4 873 4 871 2 706 1 231
78 65 137 1 777 1 178 599 474 77 372 216 12 035 12 029 10 629 798
31 37 53 749 512 237 301 37 103 133 2 148 2 144 1 742 223
22 8 71 729 292 437 331 1 868 8 181 1 849 967 966 162 27
102 81 386 2 283 1 260 1 023 2 170 776 1 589 3 022 6 534 6 522 4 788 1 508
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 799 ... ... ...
18 12 29 355 185 170 262 36 4 605 270 8 455 8 375 4 749 1 414
41 244 4 077 3 837 2 630 1 207 1 285 319 1 142 167 1 884 1 870 393 253
12 24 100 6 402 3 459 2 943 125 135 173 18 792 791 211 41
54 115 497 780 404 376 1 833 490 530 14 537 531 295 62
16 34 797 1 076 525 551 465 374 1 450 20 444 422 87 46
2 803 1 24 92 80 13 16 11 23 69 416 346 92 51
3 247 666 7 063 20 124 11 561 8 563 8 284 4 783 19 938 7 780 40 967 39 821 27 713 5 640
91 100 892 2 401 1 405 996 946 556 1 603 1 966 4 937 4 933 3 150 1 231
74 58 147 1 640 1 069 571 461 85 374 224 12 473 12 463 11 168 829
44 31 67 758 525 234 375 46 146 162 2 379 2 373 2 040 268
21 7 73 768 306 462 250 1 883 8 229 1 851 908 906 175 25
118 79 410 2 268 1 251 1 017 2 281 820 1 591 2 991 6 728 6 714 5 032 1 472
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 891 ... ... ...
17 12 34 330 158 172 274 42 4 717 290 9 259 8 368 5 017 1 404
45 214 4 073 3 808 2 569 1 239 1 227 302 1 117 171 2 022 2 007 411 246
10 28 99 6 244 3 344 2 901 114 118 180 19 810 807 208 37
44 106 480 749 374 375 1 874 490 530 13 563 555 314 59
19 31 762 1 074 485 589 464 405 1 428 22 440 421 102 38
2 764 1 28 84 75 8 18 38 25 73 449 372 95 31
3 115 672 7 276 19 711 11 385 8 326 8 526 4 622 20 521 7 975 42 059 40 924 28 365 5 782
99 102 928 2 432 1 415 1 017 975 533 1 652 2 089 5 234 5 231 3 299 1 294
87 75 137 1 688 1 085 603 500 85 351 244 12 864 12 857 11 476 862
39 24 46 693 463 231 329 49 129 161 2 300 2 298 1 969 270
14 4 74 739 282 457 241 1 819 8 543 1 918 963 961 176 26
114 73 390 2 161 1 181 981 2 318 771 1 571 2 967 6 841 6 830 5 111 1 469
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 928 ... ... ...
15 8 35 312 161 151 266 40 4 873 290 8 579 8 497 5 163 1 475
45 233 4 292 3 744 2 553 1 191 1 271 296 1 095 183 2 047 2 035 419 224
8 25 79 6 124 3 352 2 772 131 115 179 21 831 831 223 39
53 103 517 710 361 349 2 000 492 543 13 551 547 314 54
20 25 753 1 012 446 566 479 378 1 563 19 467 446 108 39
2 621 ... 25 95 87 9 18 44 23 70 453 392 105 31
1991 Agriculture ............................................... Mining ...................................................... Construction ............................................ Manufacturing .......................................... Durable goods ..................................... Nondurable goods ............................... Transportation and public utilities ............ Wholesale trade ...................................... Retail trade .............................................. Finance, insurance, and real estate ........ Services ................................................... Services, except private households ... Professional services ...................... Public administration ............................... 1992 Agriculture ............................................... Mining ...................................................... Construction ............................................ Manufacturing .......................................... Durable goods ..................................... Nondurable goods ............................... Transportation and public utilities ............ Wholesale trade ...................................... Retail trade .............................................. Finance, insurance, and real estate ........ Services ................................................... Services, except private households .... Professional services ...................... Public administration ............................... 1993 Agriculture ............................................... Mining ...................................................... Construction ............................................ Manufacturing .......................................... Durable goods ..................................... Nondurable goods ............................... Transportation and public utilities ............ Wholesale trade ...................................... Retail trade .............................................. Finance, insurance, and real estate ........ Services ................................................... Services, except private households ... Professional services ...................... Public administration ...............................
. . . = Not available.
74
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-16. Employed Civilians by Industry and Occupation, Old Series, 1990–1999—Continued (Thousands of people.) Managerial and professional specialty
Industry
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Executive, Total Techniemployed adminisProfescians and trative, sional related and man- specialty support agerial
Sales
Administrative support, including clerical
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Service occupations
Handlers, Precision producMachine equipOther Transporment tion, craft, operators, services, tation and Private cleaners, and repair assemmaterial household including blers, and helpers, protective moving and inspectors laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
1994 Agriculture ............................................... Mining ...................................................... Construction ............................................ Manufacturing .......................................... Durable goods ..................................... Nondurable goods ............................... Transportation and public utilities ............ Wholesale trade ...................................... Retail trade .............................................. Finance, insurance, and real estate ........ Services ................................................... Services, except private households ... Professional services ...................... Public administration ...............................
3 409 669 7 493 20 157 11 792 8 365 8 692 4 713 20 986 8 141 42 986 42 009 29 030 5 814
97 110 1 055 2 588 1 555 1 033 1 065 531 1 704 2 198 5 649 5 645 3 559 1 315
88 76 138 1 814 1 170 644 486 89 402 272 13 319 13 311 11 888 853
38 22 60 611 412 200 329 37 119 160 2 274 2 272 1 968 221
14 10 59 745 310 435 248 1 880 8 772 2 029 1 032 1 031 193 28
145 67 429 2 093 1 146 946 2 337 775 1 555 2 915 6 864 6 855 5 083 1 440
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 817 ... ... ...
18 9 34 290 152 138 246 34 4 948 282 8 654 8 584 5 134 1 579
42 222 4 263 3 803 2 622 1 181 1 270 296 1 145 167 2 071 2 063 470 211
5 21 86 6 298 3 415 2 883 120 150 197 18 825 825 222 32
45 109 529 744 416 328 2 049 464 548 17 567 564 314 64
19 21 818 1 082 514 569 528 398 1 569 18 493 480 94 39
2 897 1 22 89 80 9 15 60 27 66 421 380 105 30
3 440 627 7 668 20 493 12 015 8 478 8 709 4 986 21 086 7 983 43 953 42 982 29 661 5 957
105 100 1 117 2 804 1 683 1 121 1 124 554 1 740 2 258 6 029 6 023 3 721 1 356
92 60 145 1 787 1 160 627 510 108 425 268 13 755 13 746 12 233 981
45 22 43 615 404 211 310 48 141 148 2 307 2 305 1 974 230
15 4 63 756 311 445 259 1 979 8 949 1 985 1 086 1 086 199 24
145 53 431 2 108 1 117 991 2 337 792 1 501 2 757 6 848 6 838 5 114 1 417
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 821 ... ... ...
16 5 33 294 156 138 247 37 4 844 269 8 788 8 719 5 284 1 577
35 228 4 362 3 837 2 660 1 177 1 223 308 1 111 183 2 008 2 002 465 229
17 28 85 6 386 3 498 2 888 121 187 214 14 824 822 178 32
45 101 513 728 390 338 2 079 488 578 14 572 569 312 52
19 25 858 1 067 535 532 487 423 1 548 19 510 497 87 35
2 907 2 18 111 100 11 12 62 34 68 405 374 94 25
3 443 569 7 943 20 518 12 202 8 316 8 817 4 956 21 541 8 076 45 043 44 107 30 085 5 802
108 90 1 221 2 840 1 690 1 150 1 159 563 1 818 2 274 6 347 6 343 3 853 1 325
88 44 165 1 882 1 204 678 529 100 410 271 14 312 14 302 12 592 951
40 21 45 631 425 206 332 52 123 162 2 312 2 310 1 941 208
19 10 65 766 337 429 288 2 005 9 055 2 052 1 120 1 119 204 25
174 47 452 2 033 1 131 903 2 319 749 1 577 2 744 6 905 6 900 5 090 1 353
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 804 ... ... ...
28 7 32 264 144 120 251 48 4 983 298 8 876 8 821 5 340 1 585
41 208 4 442 3 814 2 677 1 137 1 185 320 1 137 165 2 055 2 048 417 221
11 21 96 6 350 3 561 2 789 132 142 204 15 875 875 190 28
34 105 513 767 425 342 2 126 515 614 13 573 572 301 43
13 17 890 1 069 518 551 489 400 1 583 28 496 484 88 37
2 888 1 21 101 90 11 7 62 39 54 367 335 69 25
1995 Agriculture ............................................... Mining ...................................................... Construction ............................................ Manufacturing .......................................... Durable goods ..................................... Nondurable goods ............................... Transportation and public utilities ............ Wholesale trade ...................................... Retail trade .............................................. Finance, insurance, and real estate ........ Services ................................................... Services, except private households ... Professional services ...................... Public administration ............................... 1996 Agriculture ............................................... Mining ...................................................... Construction ............................................ Manufacturing .......................................... Durable goods ..................................... Nondurable goods ............................... Transportation and public utilities ............ Wholesale trade ...................................... Retail trade .............................................. Finance, insurance, and real estate ........ Services ................................................... Services, except private households ... Professional services ...................... Public administration ...............................
. . . = Not available.
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
75
Table 1-16. Employed Civilians by Industry and Occupation, Old Series, 1990–1999—Continued (Thousands of people.) Managerial and professional specialty
Industry
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Executive, Total Techniemployed adminisProfescians and trative, sional related and man- specialty support agerial
Sales
Administrative support, including clerical
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Service occupations
Handlers, Precision producMachine equipOther Transporment tion, craft, operators, services, tation and Private cleaners, and repair assemmaterial household including blers, and helpers, protective moving and inspectors laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
1997 Agriculture ............................................... Mining ...................................................... Construction ............................................ Manufacturing .......................................... Durable goods ..................................... Nondurable goods ............................... Transportation and public utilities ............ Wholesale trade ...................................... Retail trade .............................................. Finance, insurance, and real estate ........ Services ................................................... Services, except private households ... Professional services ...................... Public administration ...............................
3 399 634 8 302 20 835 12 437 8 399 9 182 4 907 21 869 8 297 46 393 45 472 30 935 5 738
124 92 1 274 2 882 1 699 1 183 1 230 589 1 893 2 428 6 642 6 638 4 057 1 287
83 51 158 1 938 1 261 677 562 110 427 308 14 677 14 671 12 846 932
48 25 45 689 441 249 342 47 155 151 2 490 2 485 2 110 221
19 10 72 785 316 469 283 1 928 9 303 2 092 1 210 1 210 225 32
160 66 425 2 029 1 133 896 2 297 740 1 480 2 749 7 113 7 107 5 177 1 303
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 795 ... ... ...
24 4 35 268 145 123 301 56 5 048 307 9 055 8 988 5 432 1 644
34 236 4 731 3 887 2 753 1 134 1 257 326 1 173 175 2 115 2 109 420 191
10 24 97 6 471 3 685 2 786 133 133 202 12 854 853 207 27
51 101 558 762 406 356 2 230 520 572 11 537 537 279 46
26 24 884 1 027 512 515 531 393 1 580 28 521 514 89 33
2 821 1 22 96 87 9 16 66 36 38 384 359 93 23
3 378 620 8 518 20 733 12 566 8 168 9 307 5 090 22 113 8 605 47 212 46 244 31 392 5 887
110 101 1 380 3 008 1 796 1 212 1 307 622 1 916 2 489 6 793 6 787 4 164 1 329
105 63 144 2 007 1 351 656 561 131 459 356 15 090 15 084 13 122 968
51 19 47 646 430 217 324 43 188 166 2 541 2 540 2 132 234
23 11 56 764 318 446 273 2 054 9 306 2 143 1 197 1 196 213 25
136 53 415 1 982 1 127 856 2 349 756 1 438 2 860 7 118 7 109 5 132 1 302
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 847 ... ... ...
21 8 28 291 150 141 296 57 5 125 323 9 117 9 061 5 485 1 722
39 208 4 889 3 956 2 807 1 150 1 285 346 1 177 177 2 154 2 151 473 182
20 31 94 6 219 3 594 2 625 135 137 230 12 887 887 195 27
42 105 535 765 415 350 2 243 493 575 13 551 548 294 40
19 18 910 1 019 509 510 522 380 1 670 17 516 509 99 30
2 814 1 21 76 71 5 13 71 30 49 399 374 85 27
3 281 565 8 987 20 070 12 283 7 787 9 554 5 189 22 383 8 815 48 687 47 747 32 370 5 958
118 83 1 379 2 955 1 799 1 156 1 340 630 1 967 2 664 7 061 7 056 4 307 1 386
97 69 159 1 981 1 286 694 557 158 461 380 16 031 16 026 13 796 992
53 19 60 645 440 205 359 50 207 200 2 533 2 530 2 074 229
15 7 67 736 351 385 275 2 047 9 489 2 224 1 230 1 230 210 28
149 35 406 1 883 1 067 816 2 386 819 1 495 2 780 7 242 7 234 5 333 1 253
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 831 ... ... ...
15 6 33 242 125 117 304 52 5 122 294 9 275 9 219 5 536 1 741
36 198 5 224 3 883 2 715 1 168 1 335 324 1 108 177 2 119 2 116 463 189
10 24 108 5 896 3 504 2 391 123 118 229 10 847 847 167 22
48 102 543 726 394 332 2 318 523 625 12 575 573 301 42
18 21 984 1 035 520 515 546 406 1 643 23 547 535 91 42
2 722 1 22 88 82 7 14 62 38 50 395 382 90 34
1998 Agriculture ............................................... Mining ...................................................... Construction ............................................ Manufacturing .......................................... Durable goods ..................................... Nondurable goods ............................... Transportation and public utilities ............ Wholesale trade ...................................... Retail trade .............................................. Finance, insurance, and real estate ........ Services ................................................... Services, except private households ... Professional services ...................... Public administration ............................... 1999 Agriculture ............................................... Mining ...................................................... Construction ............................................ Manufacturing .......................................... Durable goods ..................................... Nondurable goods ............................... Transportation and public utilities ............ Wholesale trade ...................................... Retail trade .............................................. Finance, insurance, and real estate ........ Services ................................................... Services, except private households .... Professional services ...................... Public administration ...............................
Note: See "Notes and Definitions" for information on historical comparability. . . . = Not available.
76
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-17. Employed Civilians in Agriculture and Nonagricultural Industries by Class of Worker and Sex, 1980–2004 (Thousands of people.) Agriculture
Year and sex
Total employed
Total
Nonagricultural industries
Wage and salary workers
Selfemployed workers
Unpaid family workers
Wage and salary workers
Total Total
Government
Private household
Other private
Selfemployed workers
Unpaid family workers
Total 1980 ........................................ 1981 ........................................ 1982 ........................................ 1983 ........................................ 1984 ........................................
99 302 100 398 99 526 100 833 105 006
3 364 3 368 3 401 3 383 3 321
1 425 1 464 1 505 1 579 1 555
1 642 1 638 1 636 1 565 1 553
297 266 261 240 213
95 938 97 030 96 125 97 450 101 685
88 525 89 543 88 462 89 500 93 565
15 912 15 689 15 516 15 537 15 770
1 192 1 208 1 207 1 244 1 238
71 421 72 646 71 739 72 719 76 557
7 000 7 097 7 262 7 575 7 785
413 390 401 376 335
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
........................................ ........................................ ........................................ ........................................ ........................................
107 150 109 597 112 440 114 969 117 341
3 179 3 163 3 208 3 169 3 199
1 535 1 547 1 632 1 621 1 665
1 458 1 447 1 423 1 398 1 403
185 169 153 150 131
103 971 106 434 109 232 111 800 114 142
95 871 98 299 100 771 103 021 105 259
16 031 16 342 16 800 17 114 17 469
1 249 1 235 1 208 1 153 1 101
78 591 80 722 82 763 84 754 86 689
7 811 7 881 8 201 8 519 8 605
289 255 260 260 279
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
........................................ ........................................ ........................................ ........................................ ........................................
118 793 117 718 118 492 120 259 123 060
3 223 3 269 3 247 3 115 3 409
1 740 1 729 1 750 1 689 1 715
1 378 1 423 1 385 1 320 1 645
105 118 112 106 49
115 570 114 449 115 245 117 144 119 651
106 598 105 373 106 437 107 966 110 517
17 769 17 934 18 136 18 579 18 293
1 027 1 010 1 135 1 126 966
87 802 86 429 87 166 88 261 91 258
8 719 8 851 8 575 8 959 9 003
253 226 233 218 131
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
........................................ ........................................ ........................................ ........................................ ........................................
124 900 126 707 129 558 131 463 133 488
3 440 3 443 3 399 3 378 3 281
1 814 1 869 1 890 2 000 1 944
1 580 1 518 1 457 1 341 1 297
45 56 51 38 40
121 460 123 264 126 159 128 085 130 207
112 448 114 171 116 983 119 019 121 323
18 362 18 217 18 131 18 383 18 903
963 928 915 962 933
93 123 95 026 97 937 99 674 101 487
8 902 8 971 9 056 8 962 8 790
110 122 120 103 95
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
........................................ ........................................ ........................................ ........................................ ........................................
136 891 136 933 136 485 137 736 139 252
2 464 2 299 2 311 2 275 2 232
1 421 1 283 1 282 1 299 1 242
1 010 988 1 003 951 964
33 28 26 25 27
134 427 134 635 134 174 135 461 137 020
125 114 125 407 125 156 126 015 127 463
19 248 19 335 19 636 19 634 19 983
718 694 757 764 779
105 148 105 378 104 764 105 616 106 701
9 205 9 121 8 923 9 344 9 467
108 107 95 101 90
Men 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
........................................ ........................................ ........................................ ........................................ ........................................
57 186 57 397 56 270 56 787 59 091
2 709 2 700 2 736 2 704 2 668
1 149 1 168 1 208 1 265 1 254
1 458 1 442 1 433 1 355 1 350
101 91 95 84 65
54 477 54 697 53 534 54 083 56 423
49 517 49 745 48 529 48 896 51 151
7 822 7 676 7 598 7 623 7 720
149 192 188 208 178
41 546 41 877 40 743 41 065 43 253
4 904 4 905 4 954 5 136 5 219
56 47 52 51 52
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
........................................ ........................................ ........................................ ........................................ ........................................
59 891 60 892 62 107 63 273 64 315
2 535 2 511 2 543 2 493 2 513
1 230 1 230 1 290 1 268 1 302
1 244 1 227 1 194 1 174 1 167
60 54 58 50 44
57 356 58 381 59 564 60 780 61 802
52 111 53 075 54 102 55 177 56 202
7 757 7 805 8 013 8 074 8 116
170 180 180 157 156
44 184 45 090 45 909 46 946 47 930
5 207 5 271 5 423 5 564 5 562
38 35 39 39 38
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
........................................ ........................................ ........................................ ........................................ ........................................
65 105 64 223 64 441 65 349 66 450
2 546 2 589 2 575 2 478 2 554
1 355 1 359 1 371 1 323 1 330
1 151 1 185 1 164 1 117 1 197
39 45 40 39 27
62 559 61 634 61 866 62 871 63 896
56 913 55 899 56 212 56 926 58 300
8 245 8 300 8 348 8 435 8 327
149 143 156 146 99
48 519 47 456 47 708 48 345 49 874
5 597 5 700 5 613 5 894 5 560
48 35 41 50 37
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
........................................ ........................................ ........................................ ........................................ ........................................
67 377 68 207 69 685 70 693 71 446
2 559 2 573 2 552 2 553 2 432
1 395 1 418 1 439 1 526 1 450
1 138 1 124 1 084 1 005 962
26 31 29 23 20
64 818 65 634 67 133 68 140 69 014
59 332 60 133 61 595 62 630 63 624
8 267 8 110 8 015 8 178 8 278
96 99 81 86 74
50 969 51 924 53 499 54 366 55 272
5 461 5 465 5 506 5 480 5 366
25 36 31 29 25
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
........................................ ........................................ ........................................ ........................................ ........................................
73 305 73 196 72 903 73 332 74 525
1 861 1 708 1 724 1 695 1 687
1 116 990 979 991 970
725 703 731 694 702
20 15 14 11 15
71 444 71 488 71 179 71 636 72 838
65 838 65 930 65 726 65 871 66 951
8 309 8 342 8 437 8 368 8 616
71 63 76 59 60
57 458 57 524 57 212 57 444 58 275
5 573 5 527 5 425 5 736 5 860
33 31 29 30 27
Women 1980 ........................................ 1981 ........................................ 1982 ........................................ 1983 ........................................ 1984 ........................................
42 117 43 000 43 256 44 047 45 915
656 667 665 680 653
275 296 296 314 301
184 196 203 210 203
197 176 166 156 148
41 461 42 333 42 591 43 367 45 262
39 007 39 798 39 934 40 603 42 413
8 090 8 013 7 918 7 913 8 050
1 044 1 016 1 019 1 036 1 061
29 873 30 769 30 997 31 654 33 302
2 097 2 192 2 309 2 439 2 566
357 343 348 325 283
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
........................................ ........................................ ........................................ ........................................ ........................................
47 259 48 706 50 334 51 696 53 028
644 652 666 676 687
305 317 342 353 363
214 220 229 224 236
125 115 95 99 87
46 615 48 054 49 668 51 020 52 341
43 761 45 225 46 669 47 844 49 057
8 274 8 537 8 788 9 039 9 353
1 078 1 055 1 029 996 945
34 409 35 633 36 852 37 809 38 759
2 603 2 610 2 778 2 955 3 043
251 219 221 220 240
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
........................................ ........................................ ........................................ ........................................ ........................................
53 689 53 495 54 052 54 910 56 610
678 680 672 637 855
385 369 379 367 384
227 237 221 204 448
66 73 73 67 23
53 011 52 815 53 380 54 273 55 755
49 685 49 474 50 225 51 040 52 217
9 524 9 635 9 788 10 144 9 965
879 867 979 980 867
39 282 38 972 39 458 39 916 41 385
3 122 3 150 2 963 3 065 3 443
205 191 192 168 95
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
........................................ ........................................ ........................................ ........................................ ........................................
57 523 58 501 59 873 60 770 62 042
881 871 847 825 849
419 452 451 474 494
442 394 373 336 335
20 25 23 15 20
56 642 57 630 59 026 59 945 61 193
53 115 54 037 55 388 56 389 57 699
10 095 10 107 10 116 10 205 10 625
867 830 834 876 859
42 153 43 100 44 438 45 308 46 215
3 440 3 506 3 550 3 482 3 424
86 87 89 74 70
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
........................................ ........................................ ........................................ ........................................ ........................................
63 586 63 737 63 582 64 404 64 728
602 591 587 580 546
305 293 303 309 271
285 284 272 257 262
12 13 12 14 12
62 983 63 147 62 995 63 824 64 182
59 277 59 477 59 431 60 144 60 512
10 939 10 993 11 199 11 267 11 367
647 630 680 705 719
47 690 47 853 47 552 48 172 48 426
3 631 3 594 3 499 3 609 3 607
76 75 66 72 63
Note: See "Notes and Definitions" for information on historical comparabilty.
77
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-18. Number of Employed Persons 25 Years and Over by Educational Attainment, Race, Hispanic Origin, and Sex, 1994–2004 (Thousands of people.) Year, race, Hispanic origin, and sex
Less than a high school diploma
Total
High school graduates, no college
College graduates Some college, no degree
Associate degree
Bachelor’s degree only
Total
Total 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
104 141 106 037 108 070 110 518 111 855 113 425
11 053 10 945 11 317 11 546 11 673 11 294
35 135 34 999 36 300 36 163 35 976 36 017
19 861 20 436 20 590 20 678 20 626 21 129
8 834 9 245 9 404 9 643 9 850 10 079
29 257 30 412 31 459 32 488 33 730 34 905
19 225 19 924 20 742 21 524 22 260 22 973
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
116 473 116 846 116 802 118 385 119 622
11 692 11 669 11 535 11 537 11 408
36 452 36 078 35 779 35 857 35 944
21 601 21 459 20 928 21 107 21 284
10 707 11 127 11 166 11 313 11 693
36 020 36 514 37 395 38 570 39 293
23 706 23 907 24 570 25 188 25 484
White1 1994 ...................................................... 1995 ...................................................... 1996 ...................................................... 1997 ...................................................... 1998 ...................................................... 1999 ......................................................
89 057 90 498 91 992 93 687 94 330 95 316
8 879 8 690 9 258 9 414 9 510 9 235
30 004 29 776 30 042 30 552 30 249 30 211
16 893 17 265 17 249 17 302 17 101 17 388
7 622 7 970 8 072 8 271 8 426 8 556
25 658 26 796 27 371 28 148 29 044 29 925
16 719 17 434 17 978 18 801 19 107 19 668
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
97 320 97 560 97 476 98 120 98 967
9 544 9 550 9 394 9 437 9 335
30 438 30 126 29 836 29 645 29 571
17 770 17 671 17 209 17 227 17 445
9 075 9 393 9 440 9 476 9 817
30 493 30 821 31 597 32 335 32 799
20 078 20 136 20 670 21 103 21 299
Black1 1994 ...................................................... 1995 ...................................................... 1996 ...................................................... 1997 ...................................................... 1998 ...................................................... 1999 ......................................................
10 834 11 249 11 518 11 882 12 324 12 771
1 543 1 482 1 534 1 578 1 579 1 488
4 016 4 142 4 192 4 409 4 504 4 631
2 340 2 517 2 640 2 681 2 776 2 924
902 960 969 984 1 020 1 108
2 034 2 149 2 183 2 230 2 446 2 621
1 483 1 538 1 539 1 591 1 741 1 814
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
12 852 12 797 12 719 12 706 12 817
1 499 1 492 1 498 1 376 1 326
4 571 4 492 4 453 4 465 4 606
2 910 2 871 2 843 2 780 2 717
1 160 1 216 1 210 1 199 1 195
2 713 2 727 2 715 2 887 2 973
1 866 1 921 1 955 2 056 2 097
Hispanic 1994 ...................................................... 1995 ...................................................... 1996 ...................................................... 1997 ...................................................... 1998 ...................................................... 1999 ......................................................
8 535 8 873 9 368 10 214 10 615 10 985
3 078 3 204 3 450 3 738 3 889 3 926
2 503 2 624 2 746 2 945 3 018 3 213
1 353 1 427 1 453 1 603 1 622 1 696
530 534 568 611 660 660
1 071 1 084 1 151 1 316 1 427 1 491
740 759 813 926 1 007 1 034
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
12 406 12 817 13 294 14 205 14 661
4 468 4 601 4 744 5 073 5 135
3 658 3 796 3 921 4 169 4 330
1 828 1 916 1 900 2 037 2 137
756 781 823 889 931
1 696 1 723 1 906 2 039 2 127
1 198 1 223 1 370 1 468 1 538
Men 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
56 523 57 420 58 468 59 736 60 497 61 032
6 851 6 691 7 058 7 210 7 238 6 921
18 418 18 426 18 639 19 124 19 188 19 125
10 402 10 653 10 759 10 876 10 684 10 941
4 184 4 394 4 416 4 517 4 731 4 838
16 668 17 255 17 596 18 010 18 656 19 208
10 672 10 983 11 266 11 587 12 028 12 343
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
62 661 62 824 62 756 63 349 64 326
7 199 7 188 7 220 7 290 7 276
19 388 19 274 19 154 19 200 19 535
11 260 11 076 10 811 10 858 10 896
5 013 5 226 5 221 5 231 5 426
19 800 20 060 20 350 20 770 21 192
12 742 12 872 13 076 13 354 13 575
Women 1994 ...................................................... 1995 ...................................................... 1996 ...................................................... 1997 ...................................................... 1998 ...................................................... 1999 ......................................................
47 618 48 617 49 602 50 782 51 359 52 392
4 202 4 254 4 259 4 336 4 435 4 372
16 717 16 573 16 661 17 039 16 788 16 893
9 459 9 783 9 831 9 802 9 943 10 189
4 650 4 851 4 988 5 126 5 119 5 242
12 589 13 157 13 863 14 478 15 074 15 697
8 553 8 941 9 475 9 937 10 231 10 630
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
53 812 54 021 54 046 55 035 55 296
4 493 4 480 4 315 4 248 4 132
17 064 16 804 16 624 16 657 16 409
10 341 10 383 10 117 10 249 10 387
5 694 5 901 5 945 6 081 6 267
16 220 16 453 17 045 17 800 18 101
10 964 11 035 11 493 11 834 11 908
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
78
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-18. Number of Employed Persons 25 Years and Over by Educational Attainment, Race, Hispanic Origin, and Sex, 1994–2004—Continued (Thousands of people.) Year, race, Hispanic origin, and sex
Less than a high school diploma
Total
High school graduates, no college
College graduates Some college, no degree
Associate degree
Bachelor’s degree only
Total
White Men1 1994 ...................................................... 1995 ...................................................... 1996 ...................................................... 1997 ...................................................... 1998 ...................................................... 1999 ......................................................
48 938 49 641 50 533 51 397 51 842 52 180
5 633 5 444 5 920 6 049 6 123 5 883
15 833 15 760 15 995 16 330 16 308 16 193
8 990 9 155 9 197 9 245 9 009 9 182
3 667 3 856 3 861 3 941 4 118 4 160
14 814 15 426 15 559 15 832 16 284 16 763
9 435 9 780 9 965 10 191 10 490 10 806
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
53 243 53 375 53 242 53 458 54 133
6 085 6 080 6 072 6 192 6 188
16 373 16 292 16 148 16 068 16 297
9 435 9 344 9 102 9 042 9 125
4 320 4 501 4 497 4 431 4 613
17 030 17 158 17 423 17 725 17 910
11 029 11 060 11 217 11 461 11 555
White Women1 1994 ...................................................... 1995 ...................................................... 1996 ...................................................... 1997 ...................................................... 1998 ...................................................... 1999 ......................................................
40 119 40 857 41 459 42 290 42 488 43 135
3 246 3 246 3 337 3 365 3 387 3 352
14 171 14 016 14 046 14 222 13 941 14 018
7 902 8 110 8 052 8 058 8 092 8 207
3 955 4 115 4 211 4 330 4 308 4 396
10 844 11 370 11 812 12 316 12 760 13 162
7 285 7 655 8 012 8 410 8 618 8 862
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
44 077 44 184 44 234 44 662 44 834
3 459 3 469 3 322 3 245 3 146
14 065 13 834 13 688 13 576 13 275
8 335 8 327 8 107 8 185 8 320
4 755 4 891 4 944 5 045 5 203
13 463 13 663 14 173 14 610 14 888
9 049 9 075 9 453 9 643 9 744
Black Men1 1994 ...................................................... 1995 ...................................................... 1996 ...................................................... 1997 ...................................................... 1998 ...................................................... 1999 ......................................................
5 246 5 423 5 483 5 658 5 844 6 001
844 778 861 868 811 741
2 001 2 101 2 104 2 181 2 248 2 339
1 057 1 142 1 177 1 241 1 267 1 313
373 393 382 385 413 469
970 1 010 960 983 1 104 1 140
712 717 666 710 802 789
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
6 011 5 924 5 928 5 860 5 942
755 762 785 693 676
2 253 2 232 2 212 2 190 2 287
1 326 1 258 1 264 1 256 1 172
466 486 482 492 503
1 210 1 186 1 185 1 230 1 305
828 834 855 890 931
Black Women1 1994 ...................................................... 1995 ...................................................... 1996 ...................................................... 1997 ...................................................... 1998 ...................................................... 1999 ......................................................
5 589 5 826 6 035 6 225 6 480 6 770
699 704 673 710 768 746
2 015 2 042 2 088 2 229 2 256 2 292
1 283 1 375 1 463 1 439 1 509 1 612
529 566 587 600 607 639
1 064 1 139 1 224 1 247 1 341 1 481
771 822 873 882 939 1 025
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
6 841 6 873 6 791 6 846 6 874
743 730 713 683 650
2 318 2 260 2 241 2 275 2 319
1 583 1 612 1 579 1 524 1 545
694 729 729 707 691
1 503 1 541 1 530 1 657 1 668
1 038 1 087 1 101 1 166 1 166
Hispanic Men 1994 ...................................................... 1995 ...................................................... 1996 ...................................................... 1997 ...................................................... 1998 ...................................................... 1999 ......................................................
5 133 5 337 5 640 6 165 6 397 6 441
2 059 2 125 2 320 2 502 2 594 2 554
1 416 1 501 1 588 1 714 1 764 1 839
761 818 790 899 913 917
287 279 271 302 336 334
610 615 671 747 790 797
413 408 456 502 547 540
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
7 373 7 628 7 865 8 578 8 872
2 937 3 041 3 141 3 424 3 508
2 128 2 174 2 244 2 461 2 583
995 1 082 1 029 1 105 1 158
397 386 415 451 468
916 945 1 035 1 137 1 155
634 669 732 806 837
Hispanic Women 1994 ...................................................... 1995 ...................................................... 1996 ...................................................... 1997 ...................................................... 1998 ...................................................... 1999 ......................................................
3 402 3 536 3 729 4 049 4 219 4 544
1 019 1 079 1 131 1 236 1 295 1 372
1 087 1 123 1 159 1 231 1 254 1 373
592 609 663 704 708 778
242 255 297 309 325 327
461 470 480 569 637 694
327 351 357 425 459 494
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
5 033 5 190 5 429 5 627 5 789
1 531 1 560 1 604 1 649 1 628
1 529 1 622 1 676 1 708 1 746
833 834 871 932 980
359 395 408 438 463
780 778 871 901 972
564 553 638 661 701
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
Note: Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. 1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
79
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-19. Multiple Jobholders and Multiple Jobholding Rates by Selected Characteristics, May of Selected Years, 1970–2005 (Thousands of people, percent, not seasonally adjusted.) Multiple jobholding rate 1
Multiple jobholders Total employed
Year
Women Total
Men Number
Percent of all multiple jobholders
Total
Men
Women
Black 2
White
1970 ................................................. 1971 ................................................. 1972 ................................................. 1973 ................................................. 1974 .................................................
78 358 78 708 81 224 83 758 85 786
4 048 4 035 3 770 4 262 3 889
3 412 3 270 3 035 3 393 3 022
636 765 735 869 867
15.7 19.0 19.5 20.4 22.3
5.2 5.1 4.6 5.1 4.5
7.0 6.7 6.0 6.6 5.8
2.2 2.6 2.4 2.7 2.6
5.3 5.3 4.8 5.1 4.6
4.4 3.8 3.7 4.7 3.8
1975 ................................................. 1976 ................................................. 1977 ................................................. 1978 ................................................. 1979 .................................................
84 146 87 278 90 482 93 904 96 327
3 918 3 948 4 558 4 493 4 724
2 962 3 037 3 317 3 212 3 317
956 911 1 241 1 281 1 407
24.4 23.1 27.2 28.5 29.8
4.7 4.5 5.0 4.8 4.9
5.8 5.8 6.2 5.8 5.9
2.9 2.6 3.4 3.3 3.5
4.8 4.7 5.3 5.0 5.1
3.7 2.8 2.6 3.1 3.0
1980 ................................................. 1985 ................................................. 1989 ................................................. 1991 ................................................. 1994 .................................................
96 809 106 878 117 084 116 626 122 946
4 759 5 730 7 225 7 183 7 316
3 210 3 537 4 115 4 054 3 973
1 549 2 192 3 109 3 129 3 343
32.5 38.3 43.0 43.6 45.7
4.9 5.4 6.2 6.2 6.0
5.8 5.9 6.4 6.4 6.0
3.8 4.7 5.9 5.9 5.9
5.1 5.7 6.5 6.4 6.1
3.2 3.2 4.3 4.9 4.9
1995 ................................................. 1996 ................................................. 1997 ................................................. 1998 ................................................. 1999 .................................................
124 554 126 391 129 565 131 476 133 411
7 952 7 846 8 197 8 126 7 895
4 225 4 352 4 398 4 438 4 117
3 727 3 494 3 800 3 688 3 778
46.9 44.5 46.4 45.4 47.9
6.4 6.2 6.3 6.2 5.9
6.3 6.4 6.3 6.3 5.8
6.5 6.0 6.4 6.1 6.1
6.6 6.4 6.5 6.3 6.0
5.2 5.1 5.7 5.5 5.5
2000 ................................................. 2001 ................................................. 2002 ................................................. 2003 ................................................. 2004 ................................................. 2005 .................................................
136 685 137 121 136 559 137 567 138 867 141 591
7 751 7 540 7 247 7 338 7 258 7 348
4 084 3 914 3 736 3 841 3 653 3 741
3 667 3 626 3 511 3 498 3 605 3 607
47.3 48.1 48.4 47.7 49.7 49.1
5.7 5.5 5.3 5.3 5.2 5.2
5.6 5.3 5.1 5.3 4.9 4.9
5.8 5.7 5.6 5.4 5.6 5.5
5.9 5.6 5.5 5.5 5.3 5.4
4.9 5.3 4.7 4.3 5.1 4.4
Note: Data prior to 1985 reflect 1970 census-based population controls; for 1985–1991, 1980 census-based controls; for 1994–1997, 19 90 census-based controls adjusted for the estimated undercount. Beginning in 1994, data reflect the introduction of a major redesign of the Current Population Survey (CPS). Beginning in 1997, data reflect revised population controls. Beginning in 1998, data reflect new composite estimation procedures and revised population controls. Beginning in 1999, 2000, and 2004 data reflect revised population controls. These changes affect comparability with data for prior periods. Comprehensive surveys of multiple jobholders were not conducted in 1981–1984, 1986–1988, 1990, and 1992–1993. 1Multiple jobholders as 2Data for years prior to
a percent of all employed persons in specified group. 1977 refer to the Black-and-Other population group.
80
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-20. Multiple Jobholders by Sex, Age, Marital Status, Race, Hispanic Origin, and Job Status, 2001–2004 (Thousands of people, percent.) Both sexes Characteristic
Number 2001
Men Rate 1
2002
2001
Number
2002
2001
Women Rate 1
2002
2001
Rate 1
Number
2002
2001
2002
2001
2002
Age Total, 16 years and over 2 .......................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................................................ 65 years and over ..................................................................
7 357 303 736 1 644 2 046 1 762 716 150
7 291 286 740 1 551 2 016 1 808 752 139
5.4 4.5 5.5 5.3 5.7 5.7 4.9 3.5
5.3 4.5 5.5 5.1 5.7 5.8 4.8 3.2
3 834 124 331 895 1 099 901 391 95
3 734 114 335 833 1 055 927 394 76
5.2 3.6 4.8 5.3 5.7 5.5 4.9 3.9
5.1 3.6 4.8 5.0 5.6 5.6 4.7 3.1
3 523 179 404 750 947 862 326 55
3 557 171 405 718 961 881 358 63
5.5 5.4 6.3 5.4 5.7 5.8 4.8 3.0
5.6 5.4 6.4 5.2 5.9 5.9 4.9 3.4
Marital Status Single ......................................................................................... Married, spouse present ............................................................ Widowed, divorced, or separated ..............................................
1 981 4 073 1 304
1 980 3 998 1 313
5.4 5.2 6.0
5.4 5.1 6.1
950 2 408 477
920 2 362 452
4.7 5.5 5.4
4.6 5.4 5.1
1 031 1 665 827
1 060 1 636 861
6.2 4.9 6.4
6.4 4.8 6.7
Race and Hispanic Origin White 3 ........................................................................................ Black 3 ........................................................................................ Hispanic origin ...........................................................................
6 300 747 551
6 270 709 579
5.5 5.0 3.4
5.5 4.8 3.5
3 298 380 328
3 233 343 347
5.3 5.5 3.4
5.2 4.9 3.5
3 002 367 223
3 037 366 232
5.7 4.5 3.4
5.8 4.6 3.4
Full-or Part-time Status Primary job full-time, secondary job part-time ............................ Primary and secondary jobs both part-time ............................... Primary and secondary jobs both full-time ................................. Hours vary on primary or secondary job ....................................
4 019 1 578 283 1 437
3 937 1 590 276 1 449
... ... ... ...
... ... ... ...
2 327 510 184 793
2 235 493 186 801
... ... ... ...
... ... ... ...
1 692 1 068 100 644
1 701 1 097 90 647
... ... ... ...
... ... ... ...
Both sexes Characteristic
Number 2003
2004
Men Rate 1
2003
Number
2004
2003
2004
Women Rate 1 2003
Number
2004
2003
2004
Rate 1 2003
2004
Age Total, 16 years and over 2 .......................................................... 16 to 19 years ........................................................................ 20 to 24 years ........................................................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................................................ 65 years and over ..................................................................
7 315 280 778 1 513 1 918 1 835 837 154
7 473 274 795 1 608 1 898 1 855 869 173
5.3 4.7 5.8 5.0 5.5 5.8 5.0 3.3
5.4 4.6 5.8 5.3 5.5 5.7 5.0 3.6
3 716 107 350 817 998 927 430 87
3 835 107 377 853 1 012 935 451 100
5.1 3.7 5.0 4.9 5.3 5.6 4.9 3.4
5.1 3.6 5.2 5.1 5.4 5.5 4.9 3.7
3 599 173 428 696 920 908 407 67
3 638 167 419 755 886 920 417 74
5.6 5.7 6.7 5.1 5.7 5.9 5.2 3.3
5.6 5.7 6.5 5.6 5.6 5.9 5.1 3.4
Marital Status Single ......................................................................................... Married, spouse present ............................................................ Widowed, divorced, or separated ..............................................
1 978 4 067 1 270
2 044 4 125 1 303
5.4 5.1 5.8
5.5 5.2 5.9
907 2 398 410
964 2 408 463
4.6 5.4 4.6
4.7 5.3 5.1
1 070 1 669 860
1 080 1 718 840
6.4 4.8 6.6
6.4 5.0 6.4
Race and Hispanic Origin White 3 ........................................................................................ Black 3 ........................................................................................ Hispanic origin ...........................................................................
6 273 645 554
6 357 705 612
5.5 4.4 3.2
5.5 4.7 3.4
3 190 328 325
3 266 360 363
5.2 4.8 3.1
5.2 5.2 3.4
3 083 317 229
3 091 345 248
5.9 4.0 3.3
5.9 4.3 3.5
Full-or Part-time Status Primary job full-time, secondary job part-time ............................ Primary and secondary jobs both part-time ............................... Primary and secondary jobs both full-time ................................. Hours vary on primary or secondary job ....................................
3 825 1 651 273 1 523
3 908 1 678 286 1 564
... ... ... ...
... ... ... ...
2 164 510 187 831
2 210 540 187 879
... ... ... ...
... ... ... ...
1 661 1 141 86 692
1 697 1 138 100 685
... ... ... ...
... ... ... ...
Note: Estimates for the above race groups (White or Black) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. In addition, persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race and, therefore, are classified by ethnicity as well as by race. Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. 1Multiple jobholders as a percent of all employed persons in specified group. 2Includes a small number of persons who work part-time on their primary job and full-time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately. 3Beginning in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003,
group were included in the group they identified as the main race. . . . = Not available.
persons who reported more than one race
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
81
Table 1-21. Multiple Jobholders by Industry of Principal Secondary Job and Sex, 2002–2004, Annual Averages (Thousands of people.) Industry of secondary job
Total
Men
Women
2002 Nonagricultural Industries, Wage and Salary Workers ................................. Mining .................................................................................................................. Construction ........................................................................................................ Manufacturing ...................................................................................................... Durable goods ................................................................................................. Nondurable goods ........................................................................................... Wholesale and retail trade ................................................................................... Wholesale trade .............................................................................................. Retail trade ...................................................................................................... Transportation and warehousing ......................................................................... Utilities ................................................................................................................. Information .......................................................................................................... Financial activities ............................................................................................... Professional and business services .................................................................... Education and health services ............................................................................ Leisure and hospitality ......................................................................................... Other services ...................................................................................................... Other services, except private households ...................................................... Other servces, private households .................................................................. Public administration ............................................................................................
5 066 4 240 174 100 74 1 106 104 1 003 177 10 184 342 874 1 425 1 071 545 473 71 191
2 333 2 197 110 71 40 473 63 410 121 7 117 197 513 500 499 253 249 4 129
2 733 2 43 64 29 35 633 40 593 56 3 67 145 361 925 572 292 225 67 63
5 134 3 141 147 80 67 875 76 799 173 13 144 251 483 1 296 966 439 364 75 217
2 402 2 90 94 55 39 382 57 325 122 10 92 142 270 437 444 181 175 6 146
2 732 1 51 53 25 28 493 19 474 51 4 52 109 213 859 521 258 189 68 71
5 149 9 246 169 92 77 1 137 89 1 048 172 13 197 371 850 1 455 1 114 533 455 79 196
2 444 6 196 102 60 42 488 48 440 127 10 123 224 483 511 560 235 228 7 133
2 705 4 49 67 32 35 648 40 608 45 3 74 147 366 945 554 298 226 71 63
2003 Nonagricultural Industries, Wage and Salary Workers ................................. Mining .................................................................................................................. Construction ........................................................................................................ Manufacturing ...................................................................................................... Durable goods ................................................................................................. Nondurable goods ........................................................................................... Wholesale and retail trade ................................................................................... Wholesale trade .............................................................................................. Retail trade ...................................................................................................... Transportation and warehousing ......................................................................... Utilities ................................................................................................................. Information .......................................................................................................... Financial activities ............................................................................................... Professional and business services .................................................................... Education and health services ............................................................................ Leisure and hospitality ......................................................................................... Other services ...................................................................................................... Other services, except private households ...................................................... Other servces, private households .................................................................. Public administration ............................................................................................ 2004 Nonagricultural Industries, Wage and Salary Workers ................................. Mining .................................................................................................................. Construction ........................................................................................................ Manufacturing ...................................................................................................... Durable goods ................................................................................................. Nondurable goods ........................................................................................... Wholesale and retail trade ................................................................................... Wholesale trade .............................................................................................. Retail trade ...................................................................................................... Transportation and warehousing ......................................................................... Utilities ................................................................................................................. Information .......................................................................................................... Financial activities ............................................................................................... Professional and business services .................................................................... Education and health services ............................................................................ Leisure and hospitality ......................................................................................... Other services ...................................................................................................... Other services, except private households ...................................................... Other servces, private households .................................................................. Public administration ............................................................................................
82
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-22. Employment and Unemployment in Families by Race and Hispanic Origin, 1995–2004, Annual Averages (Thousands of people, percent.) Characteristic
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
TOTAL Total Families ..................................................................... With employed member(s) .................................................. As percent of total families .................................................. Some usually work full time 1 ........................................... With no employed member .................................................. As percent of total families ..................................................
68 552 55 633 81.2 51 473 12 919 18.8
69 203 56 342 81.4 52 249 12 860 18.6
69 714 57 289 82.2 53 226 12 425 17.8
70 218 57 986 82.6 53 945 12 232 17.4
71 250 59 185 83.1 55 123 12 065 16.9
71 680 59 626 83.2 55 683 12 054 16.8
73 306 60 707 82.8 56 519 12 600 17.2
74 169 61 121 82.4 56 742 13 048 17.6
75 301 61 761 82.0 57 229 13 540 18.0
75 872 62 424 82.3 57 813 13 447 17.7
With unemployed member(s) .............................................. As percent of total families .................................................. Some member(s) employed ............................................ As percent of families with unemployed member(s) ........ Some usually work full time 1 ....................................... As percent of families with unemployed member(s) ....
5 404 7.9 3 795 70.2 3 334 61.7
5 270 7.6 3 678 69.8 3 265 62.0
4 913 7.0 3 445 70.1 3 070 62.5
4 503 6.4 3 177 70.6 2 830 62.8
4 260 6.0 3 091 72.6 2 771 65.0
4 110 5.7 2 973 72.3 2 675 65.1
4 847 6.6 3 494 72.1 3 122 64.4
5 809 7.8 4 126 71.0 3 668 63.1
6 079 8.1 4 285 70.5 3 790 62.3
5 593 7.4 3 915 70.0 3 494 62.5
Total Families ..................................................................... With employed member(s) .................................................. As percent of total families .................................................. Some usually work full time 1 ........................................... With no employed member .................................................. As percent of total families ..................................................
57 650 47 216 81.9 43 804 10 433 18.1
58 315 47 882 82.1 44 522 10 434 17.9
58 514 48 378 82.7 45 069 10 135 17.3
58 930 48 850 82.9 45 567 10 080 17.1
59 661 49 632 83.2 46 333 10 029 16.8
59 918 49 877 83.2 46 639 10 042 16.8
60 921 50 505 83.0 47 060 10 416 17.0
61 494 50 785 82.6 47 193 10 709 17.4
61 995 51 002 82.3 47 356 10 993 17.7
62 250 51 350 82.5 47 620 10 900 17.5
With unemployed member(s) .............................................. As percent of total families .................................................. Some member(s) employed ............................................ As percent of families with unemployed member(s) ........ Some usually work full time 1 ....................................... As percent of families with unemployed member(s) ....
4 002 6.9 2 934 73.3 2 579 64.4
3 896 6.7 2 875 73.8 2 557 65.6
3 566 6.1 2 632 73.8 2 353 66.0
3 299 5.6 2 463 74.7 2 204 66.8
3 134 5.3 2 374 75.8 2 132 68.0
3 010 5.0 2 276 75.6 2 052 68.2
3 553 5.8 2 661 74.9 2 379 67.0
4 275 7.0 3 164 74.0 2 808 65.7
4 411 7.1 3 245 73.6 2 873 65.1
4 078 6.6 3 000 73.6 2 677 65.7
Total Families ..................................................................... With employed member(s) .................................................. As percent of total families .................................................. Some usually work full time 1 ........................................... With no employed member .................................................. As percent of total families ..................................................
8 015 5 991 74.7 5 419 2 024 25.3
8 149 6 137 75.3 5 563 2 012 24.7
8 308 6 409 77.1 5 810 1 899 22.9
8 317 6 554 78.8 5 953 1 763 21.2
8 498 6 847 80.6 6 249 1 652 19.4
8 600 6 964 81.0 6 401 1 636 19.0
8 674 6 933 80.0 6 373 1 742 20.1
8 845 6 987 79.0 6 390 1 858 21.0
8 869 6 906 77.9 6 270 1 963 22.1
8 860 6 920 78.1 6 292 1 940 21.9
With unemployed member(s) .............................................. As percent of total families .................................................. Some member(s) employed ............................................ As percent of families with unemployed member(s) ........ Some usually work full time 1 ....................................... As percent of families with unemployed member(s) ....
1 080 13.5 631 58.4 556 51.5
1 121 13.8 627 55.9 553 49.3
1 104 13.3 631 57.2 553 50.1
984 11.8 555 56.4 485 49.3
905 10.6 551 60.9 486 53.7
881 10.2 535 60.8 476 54.1
990 11.4 596 60.2 533 53.8
1 162 13.1 689 59.3 611 52.6
1 213 13.7 695 57.3 612 50.5
1 127 12.7 625 55.5 556 49.3
Total Families ..................................................................... With employed member(s) .................................................. As percent of total families .................................................. Some usually work full time 1 ........................................... With no employed member .................................................. As percent of total families ..................................................
6 233 5 086 81.6 4 673 1 147 18.4
6 465 5 312 82.2 4 917 1 153 17.8
6 779 5 701 84.1 5 285 1 078 15.9
7 025 5 947 84.7 5 545 1 078 15.3
7 403 6 405 86.5 6 017 998 13.5
7 581 6 633 87.5 6 255 947 12.5
8 140 7 100 87.2 6 692 1 040 12.8
8 650 7 485 86.5 6 989 1 165 13.5
9 185 7 907 86.1 7 383 1 277 13.9
9 305 8 071 86.7 7 566 1 235 13.3
With unemployed member(s) .............................................. As percent of total families .................................................. Some member(s) employed ............................................ As percent of families with unemployed member(s) ........ Some usually work full time 1 ....................................... As percent of families with unemployed member(s) ....
841 13.5 568 67.5 490 58.3
841 13.0 563 66.9 497 59.1
789 11.6 532 67.4 473 59.9
744 10.6 522 70.2 467 62.8
715 9.7 518 72.4 467 65.3
679 9.0 493 72.7 446 65.8
809 9.9 592 73.2 537 66.4
965 11.2 686 71.1 615 63.7
1 020 11.1 715 70.1 640 62.7
950 10.2 664 69.9 594 62.5
WHITE 2
BLACK 2
HISPANIC
Note: The race or ethnicity of the family is determined by that of the householder. Estimates for the above race groups (White or Black) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. In addition, persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race and, therefore, are classified by ethnicity as well as by race. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. Data for 2003 reflect revised population controls used in the Current Population Survey (CPS). 1Usually work 35 hours or more a week at all jobs. 2Beginning in 2003, families where the householder
selected this race group only; families where the householder selected more than one race group are excluded. Prior to 2003, families where the householder selected more than one race group were included in the group that the householder identified as their main race.
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
83
Table 1-23. Families by Presence and Relationship of Employed Members and Family Type, 1999–2004, Annual Averages (Thousands of people, percent.) Number
Percent distribution
Characteristic 1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
54 468 45 800 10 533 2 980 28 882 3 404 8 668
54 704 45 967 10 500 2 946 29 128 3 394 8 737
55 749 46 680 10 833 3 257 29 241 3 350 9 068
56 280 46 976 11 174 3 613 28 873 3 317 9 303
57 074 47 535 11 403 3 863 29 077 3 193 9 539
57 188 47 767 11 712 3 843 28 991 3 222 9 420
100.0 84.1 19.3 5.5 53.0 6.2 15.9
100.0 84.0 19.2 5.4 53.2 6.2 16.0
100.0 83.7 19.4 5.8 52.5 6.0 16.3
100.0 83.5 19.9 6.4 51.3 5.9 16.5
100.0 83.3 20.0 6.8 50.9 5.6 16.7
100.0 83.5 20.5 6.7 50.7 5.6 16.5
12 625 9 797 5 566 2 663 1 568 2 827
12 775 10 026 5 581 2 806 1 639 2 749
13 037 10 131 5 667 2 778 1 686 2 906
13 215 10 169 5 944 2 559 1 666 3 047
13 450 10 187 5 987 2 539 1 660 3 263
13 614 10 358 6 021 2 701 1 636 3 255
100.0 77.6 44.1 21.1 12.4 22.4
100.0 78.5 43.7 22.0 12.8 21.5
100.0 77.7 43.5 21.3 12.9 22.3
100.0 77.0 45.0 19.4 12.6 23.1
100.0 75.7 44.5 18.9 12.3 24.3
100.0 76.1 44.2 19.8 12.0 23.9
4 158 3 588 1 718 1 353 517 569
4 200 3 632 1 761 1 358 514 567
4 521 3 895 1 875 1 450 570 625
4 674 3 976 1 939 1 440 598 698
4 777 4 039 1 954 1 427 658 739
5 071 4 299 2 060 1 557 682 772
100.0 86.3 41.3 32.5 12.4 13.7
100.0 86.5 41.9 32.3 12.2 13.5
100.0 86.2 41.5 32.1 12.6 13.8
100.0 85.1 41.5 30.8 12.8 14.9
100.0 84.6 40.9 29.9 13.8 15.5
100.0 84.8 40.6 30.7 13.5 15.2
MARRIED-COUPLE FAMILIES Total ........................................................................... Member(s) employed, total ......................................... Husband only .......................................................... Wife only ................................................................. Husband and wife ................................................... Other employment combinations ............................ No member(s) employed ............................................ FAMILIES MAINTAINED BY WOMEN 1 Total ........................................................................... Member(s) employed, total ......................................... Householder only .................................................... Householder and other member(s) ......................... Other member(s), not householder ......................... No member(s) employed ............................................ FAMILIES MAINTAINED BY MEN 1 Total ........................................................................... Member(s) employed, total ......................................... Householder only .................................................... Householder and other member(s) ......................... Other member(s), not householder ......................... No member(s) employed ............................................
Note: Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. Data for 2003 reflect revised population controls used in the Current Population Survey (CPS). 1No
spouse present.
84
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-24. Unemployment in Families by Presence and Relationship of Employed Members and Family Type, 1999–2004, Annual Averages (Thousands of people, percent.) Number
Percent distribution
Characteristic 1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
MARRIED-COUPLE FAMILIES With Unemployed Member(s),Total ......................... No member employed ................................................. Some member(s) employed ........................................
2 705 440 2 265
2 584 411 2 174
3 081 531 2 550
3 772 676 3 096
3 857 713 3 144
3 521 615 2 906
100.0 16.3 83.7
100.0 15.9 84.1
100.0 17.2 82.8
100.0 17.9 82.1
100.0 18.5 81.5
100.0 17.5 82.5
Husband unemployed ................................................. Wife employed ........................................................ Wife unemployed ........................................................ Husband employed ................................................. Other family member unemployed ..............................
924 589 790 696 991
836 531 789 694 959
1 160 736 918 809 1 003
1 523 993 1 117 969 1 133
1 600 1 023 1 129 991 1 129
1 333 850 1 041 913 1 147
34.2 21.8 29.2 25.8 36.6
32.3 20.5 30.5 26.8 37.1
37.7 23.9 29.8 26.3 32.6
40.4 26.3 29.6 25.7 30.0
41.5 26.5 29.3 25.7 29.3
37.9 24.2 29.6 25.9 32.6
1 222 613 609 560 110 662
1 194 587 607 522 102 672
1 324 643 681 593 129 731
1 504 787 717 737 147 767
1 612 842 770 791 162 821
1 521 829 692 758 146 764
100.0 50.2 49.8 45.8 9.0 54.2
100.0 49.1 50.9 43.7 8.5 56.3
100.0 48.6 51.4 44.8 9.7 55.2
100.0 52.3 47.7 49.0 9.8 51.0
100.0 52.2 47.8 49.1 10.0 50.9
100.0 54.5 45.5 49.8 9.6 50.2
333 115 218 154 71 178
331 139 192 173 67 158
442 178 264 234 96 208
533 220 313 303 129 230
610 239 371 340 158 270
551 234 316 296 117 255
100.0 34.6 65.4 46.4 21.4 53.6
100.0 42.0 58.0 52.2 20.4 47.8
100.0 40.3 59.7 52.9 21.7 47.1
100.0 41.3 58.7 56.8 24.2 43.2
100.0 39.2 60.8 55.7 25.9 44.3
100.0 42.5 57.5 53.7 21.3 46.3
FAMILIES MAINTAINED BY WOMEN 1 With Unemployed Member(s), Total ........................ No member employed ................................................. Some member(s) employed ........................................ Householder unemployed ....................................... Other member(s) employed ................................ Other member(s) unemployed ................................ FAMILIES MAINTAINED BY MEN 1 With Unemployed Member(s), Total ........................ No member employed ................................................. Some member(s) employed ........................................ Householder unemployed ....................................... Other member(s) employed ................................ Other member(s) unemployed ................................
Note: Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. Data for 2003 reflect revised population controls used in the Current Population Survey (CPS). 1No
spouse present.
85
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-25. Employment Status of the Population by Sex, Marital Status, and Presence and Age of Own Children Under 18, 1999–2004, Annual Averages (Thousands of people, percent.) 1999
2000
2001
Characteristic Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
With Own Children Under 18 Years, Total Civilian noninstitutional population .......................................................... Civilian labor force ................................................................................... Participation rate ..................................................................................... Employed ............................................................................................ Employment-population ratio ............................................................... Full-time workers 1 ........................................................................... Part-time workers 2 .......................................................................... Unemployed ........................................................................................ Unemployment rate .............................................................................
63 158 51 778 82.0 50 010 79.2 43 033 6 977 1 768 3.4
27 573 26 092 94.6 25 472 92.4 24 712 761 620 2.4
35 585 25 686 72.2 24 538 69.0 18 321 6 216 1 149 4.5
63 267 51 944 82.1 50 259 79.4 43 365 6 894 1 685 3.2
27 673 26 202 94.7 25 622 92.6 24 922 699 581 2.2
35 595 25 742 72.3 24 637 69.2 18 443 6 195 1 104 4.3
64 100 52 489 81.9 50 455 78.7 43 424 7 031 2 034 3.9
28 076 26 551 94.6 25 750 91.7 24 964 787 801 3.0
36 024 25 938 72.0 24 704 68.6 18 460 6 244 1 233 4.8
Married, Spouse Present Civilian noninstitutional population .......................................................... Civilian labor force ................................................................................... Participation rate ..................................................................................... Employed ............................................................................................ Employment-population ratio ............................................................... Full-time workers 1 ........................................................................... Part-time workers 2 .......................................................................... Unemployed ........................................................................................ Unemployment rate .............................................................................
51 302 42 260 82.4 41 193 80.3 35 568 5 625 1 067 2.5
25 462 24 222 95.1 23 688 93.0 23 024 664 534 2.2
25 840 18 038 69.8 17 505 67.7 12 544 4 961 533 3.0
51 415 42 361 82.4 41 357 80.4 35 793 5 564 1 004 2.4
25 540 24 290 95.1 23 816 93.2 23 212 604 474 2.0
25 874 18 072 69.8 17 541 67.8 12 581 4 960 531 2.9
51 981 42 712 82.2 41 431 79.7 35 772 5 659 1 282 3.0
25 796 24 512 95.0 23 849 92.5 23 169 680 662 2.7
26 185 18 201 69.5 17 581 67.1 12 603 4 979 619 3.4
Other Marital Status 3 Civilian noninstitutional population .......................................................... Civilian labor force ................................................................................... Participation rate ..................................................................................... Employed ............................................................................................ Employment-population ratio ............................................................... Full-time workers 1 ........................................................................... Part-time workers 2 .......................................................................... Unemployed ........................................................................................ Unemployment rate .............................................................................
11 856 9 518 80.3 8 817 74.4 7 465 1 352 702 7.4
2 110 1 870 88.6 1 784 84.6 1 687 97 86 4.6
9 746 7 648 78.5 7 032 72.2 5 777 1 255 616 8.1
11 853 9 583 80.8 8 902 75.1 7 572 1 330 681 7.1
2 132 1 913 89.7 1 806 84.7 1 710 96 107 5.6
9 720 7 670 78.9 7 096 73.0 5 862 1 234 574 7.5
12 119 9 777 80.7 9 024 74.5 7 652 1 372 752 7.7
2 280 2 039 89.4 1 902 83.4 1 795 107 138 6.8
9 839 7 737 78.6 7 123 72.4 5 857 1 265 614 7.9
With Own Children 6 to 17 Years, None Younger Civilian noninstitutional population .......................................................... Civilian labor force ................................................................................... Participation rate ..................................................................................... Employed ............................................................................................ Employment-population ratio ............................................................... Full-time workers 1 ........................................................................... Part-time workers 2 .......................................................................... Unemployed ........................................................................................ Unemployment rate .............................................................................
34 662 29 403 84.8 28 528 82.3 24 807 3 722 875 3.0
15 090 14 092 93.4 13 782 91.3 13 385 397 310 2.2
19 572 15 311 78.2 14 747 75.3 11 422 3 325 564 3.7
34 737 29 576 85.1 28 744 82.7 25 042 3 703 832 2.8
15 165 14 178 93.5 13 877 91.5 13 513 364 302 2.1
19 572 15 398 78.7 14 868 76.0 11 529 3 339 530 3.4
35 523 30 182 85.0 29 174 82.1 25 382 3 792 1 008 3.3
15 486 14 489 93.6 14 096 91.0 13 689 407 393 2.7
20 038 15 693 78.3 15 078 75.2 11 693 3 385 615 3.9
With Own Children Under 6 Years Civilian noninstitutional population .......................................................... Civilian labor force ................................................................................... Participation rate ..................................................................................... Employed ............................................................................................ Employment-population ratio ............................................................... Full-time workers 1 ........................................................................... Part-time workers 2 .......................................................................... Unemployed ........................................................................................ Unemployment rate .............................................................................
28 496 22 375 78.5 21 482 75.4 18 227 3 255 894 4.0
12 482 12 000 96.1 11 691 93.7 11 327 364 310 2.6
16 014 10 375 64.8 9 791 61.1 6 900 2 891 584 5.6
28 530 22 368 78.4 21 515 75.4 18 323 3 191 853 3.8
12 508 12 024 96.1 11 745 93.9 11 410 335 279 2.3
16 022 10 344 64.6 9 770 61.0 6 914 2 856 574 5.6
28 577 22 307 78.1 21 280 74.5 18 041 3 239 1 026 4.6
12 590 12 062 95.8 11 654 92.6 11 274 380 408 3.4
15 986 10 245 64.1 9 626 60.2 6 767 2 859 619 6.0
With No Children Under 18 Years Civilian noninstitutional population .......................................................... Civilian labor force ................................................................................... Participation rate ..................................................................................... Employed ............................................................................................ Employment-population ratio ............................................................... Full-time workers 1 ........................................................................... Part-time workers 2 .......................................................................... Unemployed ........................................................................................ Unemployment rate .............................................................................
143 160 86 424 60.4 82 333 57.5 66 136 16 196 4 091 4.7
70 714 47 255 66.8 44 828 63.4 38 086 6 743 2 426 5.1
72 446 39 169 54.1 37 504 51.8 28 051 9 454 1 665 4.3
145 199 88 014 60.6 84 058 57.9 68 046 16 012 3 956 4.5
71 825 48 140 67.0 45 781 63.7 39 136 6 645 2 359 4.9
73 374 39 874 54.3 38 278 52.2 28 910 9 367 1 596 4.0
149 643 90 171 60.3 85 421 57.1 69 074 16 347 4 750 5.3
73 857 49 249 66.7 46 371 62.8 39 596 6 776 2 878 5.8
75 786 40 922 54.0 39 050 51.5 29 478 9 572 1 872 4.6
1Usually work 35 hours or more a week at all jobs. 2Usually work less than 35 hours a week at all jobs. 3Includes never-married, divorced, separated, and widowed
persons.
86
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-25. Employment Status of the Population by Sex, Marital Status, and Presence and Age of Own Children Under 18, 1999–2004, Annual Averages—Continued (Thousands of people, percent.) 2002
2003
2004
Characteristic Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
With Own Children Under 18 Years, Total Civilian noninstitutional population .......................................................... Civilian labor force ................................................................................... Participation rate ..................................................................................... Employed ............................................................................................ Employment-population ratio ............................................................... Full-time workers 1 ........................................................................... Part-time workers 2 .......................................................................... Unemployed ........................................................................................ Unemployment rate .............................................................................
64 399 52 566 81.6 50 022 77.7 42 884 7 138 2 543 4.8
28 137 26 529 94.3 25 474 90.5 24 644 829 1 056 4.0
36 263 26 036 71.8 24 549 67.7 18 240 6 308 1 488 5.7
64 932 52 727 81.2 50 103 77.2 42 880 7 223 2 624 5.0
28 402 26 739 94.1 25 638 90.3 24 762 876 1 101 4.1
36 530 25 988 71.1 24 466 67.0 18 118 6 347 1 523 5.9
64 758 52 288 80.7 49 957 77.1 42 758 7 200 2 331 4.5
28 272 26 607 94.1 25 696 90.9 24 794 902 911 3.4
36 486 25 681 70.4 24 261 66.5 17 964 6 298 1 420 5.5
Married, Spouse Present Civilian noninstitutional population .......................................................... Civilian labor force ................................................................................... Participation rate ..................................................................................... Employed ............................................................................................ Employment-population ratio ............................................................... Full-time workers 1 ........................................................................... Part-time workers 2 .......................................................................... Unemployed ........................................................................................ Unemployment rate .............................................................................
51 947 42 492 81.8 40 867 78.7 35 180 5 687 1 625 3.8
25 781 24 425 94.7 23 533 91.3 22 825 708 893 3.7
26 166 18 067 69.0 17 334 66.2 12 356 4 979 733 4.1
52 476 42 776 81.5 41 128 78.4 35 315 5 813 1 648 3.9
26 049 24 638 94.6 23 712 91.0 22 954 757 926 3.8
26 427 18 138 68.6 17 416 65.9 12 360 5 056 722 4.0
52 109 42 247 81.1 40 847 78.4 35 141 5 706 1 400 3.3
25 852 24 449 94.6 23 703 91.7 22 935 768 747 3.1
26 258 17 798 67.8 17 144 65.3 12 206 4 938 653 3.7
Other Marital Status 3 Civilian noninstitutional population .......................................................... Civilian labor force ................................................................................... Participation rate ..................................................................................... Employed ............................................................................................ Employment-population ratio ............................................................... Full-time workers 1 ........................................................................... Part-time workers 2 .......................................................................... Unemployed ........................................................................................ Unemployment rate .............................................................................
12 452 10 073 80.9 9 155 73.5 7 704 1 451 918 9.1
2 355 2 103 89.3 1 941 82.4 1 820 122 163 7.8
10 096 7 970 78.9 7 215 71.5 5 885 1 329 755 9.5
12 455 9 950 79.9 8 975 72.1 7 566 1 411 976 9.8
2 354 2 100 89.2 1 926 81.8 1 807 118 175 8.3
10 102 7 850 77.7 7 050 69.8 5 759 1 291 800 10.2
12 649 10 042 79.4 9 110 72.0 7 617 1 494 931 9.3
2 420 2 158 89.2 1 993 82.4 1 859 134 165 7.6
10 229 7 883 77.1 7 117 69.6 5 757 1 360 766 9.7
With Own Children 6 to 17 Years, None Younger Civilian noninstitutional population .......................................................... Civilian labor force ................................................................................... Participation rate ..................................................................................... Employed ............................................................................................ Employment-population ratio ............................................................... Full-time workers 1 ........................................................................... Part-time workers 2 .......................................................................... Unemployed ........................................................................................ Unemployment rate .............................................................................
35 829 30 371 84.8 29 122 81.3 25 225 3 898 1 249 4.1
15 580 14 541 93.3 14 023 90.0 13 586 437 518 3.6
20 250 15 830 78.2 15 099 74.6 11 638 3 461 731 4.6
35 943 30 362 84.5 29 040 80.8 25 116 3 925 1 322 4.4
15 653 14 572 93.1 14 008 89.5 13 558 450 564 3.9
20 290 15 790 77.8 15 032 74.1 11 557 3 475 758 4.8
35 874 30 182 84.1 29 013 80.9 25 069 3 944 1 170 3.9
15 597 14 516 93.1 14 056 90.1 13 597 459 460 3.2
20 277 15 666 77.3 14 957 73.8 11 473 3 485 709 4.5
With Own Children Under 6 Years Civilian noninstitutional population .......................................................... Civilian labor force ................................................................................... Participation rate ..................................................................................... Employed ............................................................................................ Employment-population ratio ............................................................... Full-time workers 1 ........................................................................... Part-time workers 2 .......................................................................... Unemployed ........................................................................................ Unemployment rate .............................................................................
28 570 22 194 77.7 20 900 73.2 17 660 3 240 1 294 5.8
12 557 11 988 95.5 11 450 91.2 11 058 392 538 4.5
16 013 10 206 63.7 9 450 59.0 6 602 2 848 757 7.4
28 988 22 365 77.2 21 063 72.7 17 764 3 299 1 302 5.8
12 749 12 167 95.4 11 630 91.2 11 203 426 538 4.4
16 240 10 198 62.8 9 433 58.1 6 561 2 872 765 7.5
28 884 22 106 76.5 20 944 72.5 17 689 3 256 1 162 5.3
12 675 12 091 95.4 11 640 91.8 11 197 443 451 3.7
16 210 10 014 61.8 9 304 57.4 6 491 2 813 710 7.1
With No Children Under 18 Years Civilian noninstitutional population .......................................................... Civilian labor force ................................................................................... Participation rate ..................................................................................... Employed ............................................................................................ Employment-population ratio ............................................................... Full-time workers 1 ........................................................................... Part-time workers 2 .......................................................................... Unemployed ........................................................................................ Unemployment rate .............................................................................
151 715 90 971 60.0 85 187 56.1 68 574 16 614 5 784 6.4
74 993 49 644 66.2 46 154 61.5 39 319 6 834 3 491 7.0
76 722 41 327 53.9 39 034 50.9 29 254 9 779 2 293 5.5
154 714 92 319 59.7 86 233 55.7 69 073 17 160 6 087 6.6
76 510 50 036 65.4 46 294 60.5 39 245 7 049 3 741 7.5
78 204 42 284 54.1 39 939 51.1 29 827 10 111 2 345 5.5
156 900 93 511 59.6 87 748 55.9 70 244 17 505 5 763 6.2
77 739 50 771 65.3 47 282 60.8 40 134 7 148 3 489 6.9
79 160 42 740 54.0 40 467 51.1 30 110 10 357 2 274 5.3
Note: Own children include sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children. Not included are nieces, nephews, grandchildren, and other related and unrelated children. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. Data for 2003 reflect revised population controls used in the Current Population Survey (CPS). 1Usually work 35 hours or more a week at all jobs. 2Usually work less than 35 hours a week at all jobs. 3Includes never-married, divorced, separated, and widowed
persons.
87
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
UNEMPLOYMENT
Unemployment Rate for Women by Race and Hispanic Origin, 1994–2004
14.0
14.0
12.0
12.0
10.0
10.0
8.0
8.0
Percent
Percent
Unemployment Rate for Men by Race and Hispanic Origin, 1994–2004
6.0
6.0
4.0
4.0
2.0
2.0
0.0
0.0 1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
1994
1995
1996
Total men
White men
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Year
Year Black men
Hispanic men
Total women
White women
Black women
Hispanic women
As the economy continued to recover, the unemployment rate fell for all groups in 2004. Overall, it dropped 0.5 percentage points to 5.5 percent between 2003 and 2004. The decline for White women was very small during this period, (4.8 percent to 4.7 percent). While the unemployment rate dropped much more significantly for Black men and Black women, it remained more than double that of White men and White women. (Table 1-29) OTHER HIGHLIGHTS: • From 2003 to 2004, the number of unemployed persons dropped 7.1 percent to 8.1 million. In contrast, the number of unemployed increased by over 3 million, or 54 percent, from 2000 to 2003. (Table 1-30) • The differences in the unemployment rate between the various age groups continued to be substantial. Among all 16 to 19 year olds, the unemployment rate was 17.0 percent—more than three times the overall unemployment rate. The unemployment rate was even higher for 16 to 19 year old males (18.4 percent). Women typically had lower unemployment rates than men in all age groups. (Table 1-29) • The average duration of unemployment increased from 19.2 to 19.6 weeks. However, the median length of unemployment dropped from 10.1 to 9.8 weeks. Those unemployed for 27 weeks or more still accounted for more than 20 percent of the total unemployed. (Table 1-36) • In 2004, most states experienced a lower unemployment rate than in 2003. Even states with relatively high unemployment rates, such as Washington, showed declines. In Washington, the unemployment rate dropped from 7.4 percent to 6.2 percent; in Oregon, it fell from 8.1 percent to 7.4 percent; and in Alaska, it declined from 7.7 percent to 7.5 percent. A few states, such as Michigan and South Dakota, saw no change in their unemployment rates from 2003 to 2004. In Delaware and South Carolina, the unemployment rate increased slightly. (Table 1-5)
88
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-26. Employment Status of Mothers with Own Children Under 3 Years Old by Age of Youngest Child, and Marital Status, 2000–2004, Annual Averages (Thousands of people, percent.) Civilian labor force
Civilian noninstitutional population
Year and characteristic
Unemployed
Employed
Total
Percent of population
Total
Percent of population
Full-time workers 1
Part-time workers 2
Number
Percent of labor force
2000 Total Mothers with Own Children Under 3 Years .............................. 2 years ..................................................................................................... 1 year ...................................................................................................... Under 1 year ............................................................................................
9 356 2 803 3 300 3 253
5 653 1 807 2 069 1 777
60.4 64.5 62.7 54.6
5 311 1 712 1 939 1 660
56.8 61.1 58.8 51.0
3 614 1 193 1 310 1 112
1 697 519 629 548
342 95 130 117
6.0 5.3 6.3 6.6
Married, Spouse Present with Own Children Under 3 Years ............ 2 years ..................................................................................................... 1 year ...................................................................................................... Under 1 year ............................................................................................
7 056 2 096 2 499 2 461
4 090 1 276 1 503 1 312
58.0 60.9 60.1 53.3
3 940 1 233 1 448 1 259
55.8 58.9 57.9 51.1
2 613 823 953 837
1 327 411 495 421
150 42 55 53
3.7 3.3 3.6 4.1
Other Marital Status with Own Children Under 3 Years 3 .................. 2 years ..................................................................................................... 1 year ...................................................................................................... Under 1 year ............................................................................................
2 300 707 801 792
1 563 531 566 465
67.9 75.1 70.7 58.8
1 371 478 491 402
59.6 67.6 61.3 50.7
1 002 370 357 275
370 108 134 127
191 53 75 64
12.2 9.9 13.2 13.7
Total Mothers with Own Children Under 3 Years .............................. 2 years ..................................................................................................... 1 year ...................................................................................................... Under 1 year ............................................................................................
9 352 2 844 3 405 3 103
5 613 1 868 2 050 1 695
60.0 65.7 60.2 54.6
5 227 1 751 1 911 1 565
55.9 61.6 56.1 50.4
3 591 1 218 1 308 1 065
1 636 533 603 500
387 117 140 130
6.9 6.3 6.8 7.7
Married, Spouse Present with Own Children Under 3 Years ............ 2 years ..................................................................................................... 1 year ...................................................................................................... Under 1 year ............................................................................................
7 079 2 120 2 589 2 370
4 058 1 310 1 479 1 269
57.3 61.8 57.1 53.5
3 884 1 258 1 416 1 210
54.9 59.3 54.7 51.1
2 601 839 940 822
1 282 419 475 388
175 53 63 59
4.3 4.0 4.3 4.6
Other Marital Status with Own Children Under 3 Years 3 .................. 2 years ..................................................................................................... 1 year ...................................................................................................... Under 1 year ............................................................................................
2 269 723 814 732
1 555 558 571 426
68.5 77.2 70.1 58.2
1 343 493 495 355
59.2 68.2 60.8 48.5
989 379 367 243
352 114 127 111
212 65 76 71
13.6 11.6 13.3 16.7
Total Mothers with Own Children Under 3 Years .............................. 2 years ..................................................................................................... 1 year ...................................................................................................... Under 1 year ............................................................................................
9 350 2 949 3 310 3 091
5 632 1 895 2 003 1 734
60.2 64.3 60.5 56.1
5 181 1 758 1 852 1 571
55.4 59.6 56.0 50.8
3 513 1 234 1 241 1 038
1 667 524 610 533
451 137 151 163
8.0 7.2 7.5 9.4
Married, Spouse Present with Own Children Under 3 Years ............ 2 years ..................................................................................................... 1 year ...................................................................................................... Under 1 year ............................................................................................
7 073 2 201 2 509 2 363
4 071 1 333 1 446 1 292
57.6 60.6 57.6 54.7
3 869 1 274 1 379 1 216
54.7 57.9 55.0 51.5
2 572 870 902 800
1 297 404 477 416
203 59 67 77
5.0 4.4 4.6 6.0
Other Marital Status with Own Children Under 3 Years 3 .................. 2 years ..................................................................................................... 1 year ...................................................................................................... Under 1 year ............................................................................................
2 278 748 802 728
1 562 562 557 443
68.6 75.1 69.5 60.9
1 313 484 473 356
57.6 64.7 59.0 48.9
941 364 340 237
372 120 134 118
248 77 84 87
15.9 13.7 15.1 19.6
Total Mothers with Own Children Under 3 Years .............................. 2 years ..................................................................................................... 1 year ...................................................................................................... Under 1 year ............................................................................................
9 450 2 987 3 353 3 110
5 563 1 896 1 997 1 670
58.9 63.5 59.6 53.7
5 115 1 752 1 842 1 521
54.1 58.7 54.9 48.9
3 430 1 205 1 223 1 002
1 685 547 619 519
446 143 154 149
8.0 7.5 7.7 8.9
Married, Spouse Present with Own Children Under 3 Years ............ 2 years ..................................................................................................... 1 year ...................................................................................................... Under 1 year ............................................................................................
7 165 2 243 2 541 2 381
4 068 1 350 1 458 1 260
56.8 60.2 57.4 52.9
3 872 1 281 1 395 1 196
54.0 57.1 54.9 50.2
2 529 853 906 770
1 342 428 488 426
197 69 64 64
4.8 5.1 4.4 5.1
Other Marital Status with Own Children Under 3 Years 3 .................. 2 years ..................................................................................................... 1 year ...................................................................................................... Under 1 year ............................................................................................
2 287 744 813 730
1 495 546 539 410
65.4 73.4 66.3 56.2
1 244 471 448 325
54.4 63.3 55.1 44.5
902 352 317 233
341 118 131 92
250 75 91 84
16.7 13.7 16.9 20.5
Total Mothers with Own Children Under 3 Years .............................. 2 years ..................................................................................................... 1 year ...................................................................................................... Under 1 year ............................................................................................
9 345 2 813 3 273 3 259
5 377 1 746 1 906 1 725
57.5 62.1 58.2 52.9
4 964 1 630 1 759 1 575
53.1 57.9 53.7 48.3
3 360 1 152 1 172 1 035
1 604 477 587 540
414 116 147 151
7.7 6.6 7.7 8.7
Married, Spouse Present with Own Children Under 3 Years ............ 2 years ..................................................................................................... 1 year ...................................................................................................... Under 1 year ............................................................................................
7 071 2 111 2 519 2 441
3 910 1 246 1 401 1 262
55.3 59.0 55.6 51.7
3 740 1 200 1 337 1 203
52.9 56.8 53.1 49.3
2 513 839 877 797
1 227 361 459 406
170 46 65 59
4.4 3.7 4.6 4.7
Other Marital Status with Own Children Under 3 Years 3 .................. 2 years ..................................................................................................... 1 year ...................................................................................................... Under 1 year ............................................................................................
2 274 702 754 818
1 467 499 505 463
64.5 71.1 66.9 56.6
1 224 430 422 372
53.8 61.2 56.0 45.4
847 314 295 238
377 116 127 134
243 70 82 91
16.6 13.9 16.3 19.7
2001
2002
2003
2004
Note: Own children include sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children. Not included are nieces, nephews, grandchildren, and other related and unrelated children. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. Data for 2003 reflect revised population controls used in the Current Population Survey (CPS). 1Usually work 35 hours or more a week at all jobs. 2Usually work less than 35 hours a week at all jobs. 3Includes never-married, divorced, separated, and widowed
persons.
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-27. Unemployment Rate According to Selected Characteristics, 1948–2004 (Unemployment as a percent of civilian labor force.) Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families
All civilian workers
Both sexes 16 to 19 years
Men 20 years and over
Women 20 years and over
1948 .................................................. 1949 ..................................................
3.8 5.9
9.2 13.4
3.2 5.4
3.6 5.3
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ..................................................
5.3 3.3 3.0 2.9 5.5
12.2 8.2 8.5 7.6 12.6
4.7 2.5 2.4 2.5 4.9
5.1 4.0 3.2 2.9 5.5
... ... ... ... 5.0
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ..................................................
4.4 4.1 4.3 6.8 5.5
11.0 11.1 11.6 15.9 14.6
3.8 3.4 3.6 6.2 4.7
4.4 4.2 4.1 6.1 5.2
3.9 3.6 3.8 6.1 4.8
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
2.6 2.3 2.8 5.1 3.6
3.7 3.6 4.3 6.5 5.2
... ... ... ... ...
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ..................................................
5.5 6.7 5.5 5.7 5.2
14.7 16.8 14.7 17.2 16.2
4.7 5.7 4.6 4.5 3.9
5.1 6.3 5.4 5.4 5.2
5.0 6.0 4.9 5.0 4.6
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
3.7 4.6 3.6 3.4 2.8
5.2 6.4 5.4 5.4 5.1
... ... ... ... ...
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ..................................................
4.5 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.5
14.8 12.8 12.9 12.7 12.2
3.2 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.1
4.5 3.8 4.2 3.8 3.7
4.1 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.1
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
2.4 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.5
4.5 3.7 4.5 3.9 3.9
... ... 4.9 4.4 4.4
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ..................................................
4.9 5.9 5.6 4.9 5.6
15.3 16.9 16.2 14.5 16.0
3.5 4.4 4.0 3.3 3.8
4.8 5.7 5.4 4.9 5.5
4.5 5.4 5.1 4.3 5.0
... ... 10.4 9.4 10.5
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... 7.5 8.1
2.6 3.2 2.8 2.3 2.7
4.9 5.7 5.4 4.7 5.3
5.4 7.3 7.2 7.1 7.0
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ..................................................
8.5 7.7 7.1 6.1 5.8
19.9 19.0 17.8 16.4 16.1
6.8 5.9 5.2 4.3 4.2
8.0 7.4 7.0 6.0 5.7
7.8 7.0 6.2 5.2 5.1
14.8 14.0 14.0 12.8 12.3
... ... ... ... ...
12.2 11.5 10.1 9.1 8.3
5.1 4.2 3.6 2.8 2.8
7.9 7.1 6.5 5.5 5.1
10.0 10.1 9.4 8.5 8.3
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ..................................................
7.1 7.6 9.7 9.6 7.5
17.8 19.6 23.2 22.4 18.9
5.9 6.3 8.8 8.9 6.6
6.4 6.8 8.3 8.1 6.8
6.3 6.7 8.6 8.4 6.5
14.3 15.6 18.9 19.5 15.9
... ... ... ... ...
10.1 10.4 13.8 13.7 10.7
4.2 4.3 6.5 6.5 4.6
5.8 6.0 7.4 7.0 5.7
9.2 10.4 11.7 12.2 10.3
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ..................................................
7.2 7.0 6.2 5.5 5.3
18.6 18.3 16.9 15.3 15.0
6.2 6.1 5.4 4.8 4.5
6.6 6.2 5.4 4.9 4.7
6.2 6.0 5.3 4.7 4.5
15.1 14.5 13.0 11.7 11.4
... ... ... ... ...
10.5 10.6 8.8 8.2 8.0
4.3 4.4 3.9 3.3 3.0
5.6 5.2 4.3 3.9 3.7
10.4 9.8 9.2 8.1 8.1
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ..................................................
5.6 6.8 7.5 6.9 6.1
15.5 18.7 20.1 19.0 17.6
5.0 6.4 7.1 6.4 5.4
4.9 5.7 6.3 5.9 5.4
4.8 6.1 6.6 6.1 5.3
11.4 12.5 14.2 13.0 11.5
... ... ... ... ...
8.2 10.0 11.6 10.8 9.9
3.4 4.4 5.1 4.4 3.7
3.8 4.5 5.0 4.6 4.1
8.3 9.3 10.0 9.7 8.9
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ..................................................
5.6 5.4 4.9 4.5 4.2
17.3 16.7 16.0 14.6 13.9
4.8 4.6 4.2 3.7 3.5
4.9 4.8 4.4 4.1 3.8
4.9 4.7 4.2 3.9 3.7
10.4 10.5 10.0 8.9 8.0
... ... ... ... ...
9.3 8.9 7.7 7.2 6.4
3.3 3.0 2.7 2.4 2.2
3.9 3.6 3.1 2.9 2.7
8.0 8.2 8.1 7.2 6.4
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ..................................................
4.0 4.7 5.8 6.0 5.5
13.1 14.7 16.5 17.5 17.0
3.3 4.2 5.3 5.6 5.0
3.6 4.1 5.1 5.1 4.9
3.5 4.2 5.1 5.2 4.8
7.6 8.6 10.2 10.8 10.4
3.6 4.5 5.9 6.0 4.4
5.7 6.6 7.5 7.7 7.0
2.0 2.7 3.6 3.8 3.1
2.7 3.1 3.7 3.7 3.5
5.9 6.6 8.0 8.5 8.0
Year
White
Black
Asian
Note: Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. See "Notes and Definitions" for information on historical comparability. . . . = Not available.
Hispanic
89
90
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-28. Unemployed Persons by Sex, Race, Age, and Hispanic Origin, 1948–2004 (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Total 1948 ...................................................... 1949 ......................................................
2 276 3 637
409 576
180 238
228 337
1 869 3 060
455 680
457 776
347 603
290 471
226 384
93 146
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3 288 2 055 1 883 1 834 3 532
513 336 345 307 501
226 168 180 150 221
287 168 165 157 247
2 776 1 718 1 539 1 529 3 032
561 273 268 256 504
702 435 389 379 793
530 354 325 325 680
478 318 274 280 548
368 238 195 218 374
137 103 86 70 132
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
2 852 2 750 2 859 4 602 3 740
450 478 497 678 654
211 231 230 299 301
239 247 266 379 354
2 403 2 274 2 362 3 923 3 085
396 395 430 701 543
577 554 573 993 726
521 476 499 871 673
436 429 448 731 603
355 311 300 472 405
120 109 111 154 135
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3 852 4 714 3 911 4 070 3 786
712 828 721 884 872
325 363 312 420 436
387 465 409 462 437
3 140 3 886 3 191 3 187 2 913
583 723 636 658 660
752 890 712 732 607
671 850 688 674 605
614 751 605 589 543
396 516 411 410 378
122 159 141 126 117
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3 366 2 875 2 975 2 817 2 832
874 837 839 838 853
411 395 400 414 436
463 441 438 426 416
2 491 2 041 2 140 1 978 1 978
557 446 511 543 560
529 441 480 443 453
546 426 422 371 358
436 369 383 314 320
322 265 256 219 216
103 92 86 88 72
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
4 093 5 016 4 882 4 365 5 156
1 106 1 262 1 308 1 235 1 422
537 596 633 634 699
569 665 676 600 722
2 987 3 755 3 573 3 130 3 733
866 1 130 1 132 1 008 1 212
718 933 878 866 1 044
515 630 576 451 559
476 573 510 430 498
309 381 368 290 321
104 109 111 88 99
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
7 929 7 406 6 991 6 202 6 137
1 767 1 719 1 663 1 583 1 555
799 796 781 796 739
968 924 881 787 816
6 161 5 687 5 330 4 620 4 583
1 865 1 714 1 629 1 483 1 442
1 776 1 710 1 650 1 422 1 446
951 849 785 694 705
893 758 666 552 540
520 510 450 345 346
155 147 147 123 104
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
7 637 8 273 10 678 10 717 8 539
1 669 1 763 1 977 1 829 1 499
778 781 831 753 646
890 981 1 145 1 076 854
5 969 6 510 8 701 8 888 7 039
1 835 1 976 2 392 2 330 1 838
2 024 2 211 3 037 3 078 2 374
940 1 065 1 552 1 650 1 335
676 715 966 1 039 828
399 444 647 677 566
94 98 107 114 97
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
8 312 8 237 7 425 6 701 6 528
1 468 1 454 1 347 1 226 1 194
662 665 648 573 537
806 789 700 653 657
6 844 6 783 6 077 5 475 5 333
1 738 1 651 1 453 1 261 1 218
2 341 2 390 2 129 1 929 1 851
1 340 1 371 1 281 1 166 1 159
813 790 723 657 637
518 489 412 375 379
93 91 78 87 91
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
7 047 8 628 9 613 8 940 7 996
1 212 1 359 1 427 1 365 1 320
527 587 641 606 624
685 772 787 759 696
5 835 7 269 8 186 7 575 6 676
1 299 1 573 1 649 1 514 1 373
1 995 2 447 2 702 2 395 2 067
1 328 1 719 1 976 1 896 1 627
723 946 1 138 1 121 971
386 473 589 541 485
105 113 132 108 153
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
7 404 7 236 6 739 6 210 5 880
1 346 1 306 1 271 1 205 1 162
652 617 589 573 544
695 689 683 632 618
6 058 5 929 5 467 5 005 4 718
1 244 1 239 1 152 1 081 1 042
1 841 1 757 1 571 1 419 1 278
1 549 1 505 1 418 1 258 1 154
844 883 830 782 753
425 406 369 343 367
153 139 127 122 124
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5 692 6 801 8 378 8 774 8 149
1 081 1 162 1 253 1 251 1 208
502 531 540 545 554
579 632 714 706 653
4 611 5 638 7 124 7 523 6 942
1 022 1 209 1 430 1 495 1 431
1 207 1 498 1 890 1 960 1 784
1 133 1 355 1 691 1 815 1 578
762 989 1 315 1 356 1 288
355 458 635 713 682
132 129 163 183 179
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
91
Table 1-28. Unemployed Persons by Sex, Race, Age, and Hispanic Origin, 1948–2004—Continued (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Men 1948 ...................................................... 1949 ......................................................
1 559 2 572
256 353
113 145
142 207
1 305 2 219
324 485
289 539
233 414
201 347
177 310
81 125
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
2 239 1 221 1 185 1 202 2 344
318 191 205 184 310
139 102 116 94 142
179 89 89 90 168
1 922 1 029 980 1 019 2 035
377 155 155 152 327
467 241 233 236 517
348 192 192 208 431
327 193 182 196 372
286 162 145 167 275
117 87 73 60 112
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1 854 1 711 1 841 3 098 2 420
274 269 300 416 398
134 134 140 185 191
140 135 159 231 207
1 580 1 442 1 541 2 681 2 022
248 240 283 478 343
353 348 349 685 484
328 278 304 552 407
285 270 302 492 390
265 216 220 349 287
102 90 83 124 112
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
2 486 2 997 2 423 2 472 2 205
426 479 408 501 487
200 221 188 248 257
225 258 220 252 230
2 060 2 518 2 016 1 971 1 718
369 458 381 396 384
492 585 445 445 345
415 507 404 386 324
392 473 382 358 319
294 375 300 290 263
96 122 103 97 85
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1 914 1 551 1 508 1 419 1 403
479 432 448 426 440
247 220 241 234 244
232 212 207 193 196
1 435 1 120 1 060 993 963
311 221 235 258 270
292 239 219 205 205
283 219 185 171 155
253 196 199 165 157
221 179 163 132 127
75 65 60 61 48
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
2 238 2 789 2 659 2 275 2 714
599 693 711 653 757
306 346 357 352 394
294 347 355 300 362
1 638 2 097 1 948 1 624 1 957
479 640 628 528 649
391 513 466 439 546
253 320 284 211 266
247 313 272 219 250
198 239 227 171 183
71 71 73 57 63
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
4 442 4 036 3 667 3 142 3 120
966 939 874 813 811
445 443 421 426 393
521 496 453 388 418
3 476 3 098 2 794 2 328 2 308
1 081 951 877 768 744
986 914 869 691 699
507 431 373 314 329
499 411 326 277 272
302 296 252 198 196
103 94 97 81 67
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
4 267 4 577 6 179 6 260 4 744
913 962 1 090 1 003 812
429 431 469 408 348
485 531 621 595 464
3 353 3 615 5 089 5 257 3 932
1 076 1 144 1 407 1 369 1 023
1 137 1 213 1 791 1 822 1 322
482 552 879 947 728
357 390 550 613 450
243 261 393 433 356
58 55 69 73 53
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
4 521 4 530 4 101 3 655 3 525
806 779 732 667 658
363 355 353 311 303
443 424 379 356 355
3 715 3 751 3 369 2 987 2 867
944 899 779 676 660
1 244 1 291 1 169 1 040 953
706 763 689 617 619
459 440 426 366 351
307 301 258 240 234
55 58 49 49 49
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3 906 4 946 5 523 5 055 4 367
667 751 806 768 740
283 317 357 342 342
384 433 449 426 398
3 239 4 195 4 717 4 287 3 627
715 911 951 865 768
1 092 1 375 1 529 1 338 1 113
711 990 1 118 1 049 855
413 550 675 636 522
249 305 378 336 281
59 64 67 64 88
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3 983 3 880 3 577 3 266 3 066
744 733 694 686 633
352 347 321 330 295
391 387 373 355 338
3 239 3 146 2 882 2 580 2 433
673 675 636 583 562
961 903 772 699 624
815 786 732 609 571
464 484 457 420 403
233 223 217 201 203
94 76 69 69 70
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
2 975 3 690 4 597 4 906 4 456
599 650 700 697 664
281 300 301 291 292
317 350 399 407 372
2 376 3 040 3 896 4 209 3 791
547 688 792 841 811
602 756 1 023 1 097 980
557 714 897 988 839
398 536 725 764 684
189 272 373 412 373
83 74 87 107 104
92
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-28. Unemployed Persons by Sex, Race, Age, and Hispanic Origin, 1948–2004—Continued (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Women 1948 ...................................................... 1949 ......................................................
717 1 065
153 223
67 93
86 130
564 841
131 195
168 237
114 189
89 124
49 74
12 21
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1 049 834 698 632 1 188
195 145 140 123 191
87 66 64 56 79
108 79 76 67 79
854 689 559 510 997
184 118 113 104 177
235 194 156 143 276
182 162 133 117 249
151 125 92 84 176
82 76 50 51 99
20 16 13 10 20
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
998 1 039 1 018 1 504 1 320
176 209 197 262 256
77 97 90 114 110
99 112 107 148 147
823 832 821 1 242 1 063
148 155 147 223 200
224 206 224 308 242
193 198 195 319 266
151 159 146 239 213
90 95 80 123 118
18 19 28 30 23
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1 366 1 717 1 488 1 598 1 581
286 349 313 383 385
125 142 124 172 179
162 207 189 210 207
1 080 1 368 1 175 1 216 1 195
214 265 255 262 276
260 305 267 287 262
256 343 284 288 281
222 278 223 231 224
102 141 111 120 115
26 37 38 29 32
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1 452 1 324 1 468 1 397 1 429
395 405 391 412 413
164 175 159 180 192
231 229 231 233 220
1 056 921 1 078 985 1 015
246 225 277 285 290
237 202 261 238 248
263 207 237 200 203
183 173 184 149 163
101 86 93 87 89
28 27 26 27 24
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1 855 2 227 2 222 2 089 2 441
506 568 598 583 665
231 250 276 282 305
275 318 322 301 360
1 349 1 658 1 625 1 507 1 777
387 489 503 480 564
327 420 413 427 497
262 310 293 240 294
229 260 237 212 248
111 142 141 119 137
33 38 38 31 36
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3 486 3 369 3 324 3 061 3 018
802 780 789 769 743
355 352 361 370 346
447 429 428 399 396
2 684 2 588 2 535 2 292 2 276
783 763 752 714 697
791 795 782 731 748
444 417 412 381 375
395 346 340 275 268
219 214 198 148 150
52 53 50 43 38
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3 370 3 696 4 499 4 457 3 794
755 800 886 825 687
349 350 362 344 298
407 450 524 481 390
2 615 2 895 3 613 3 632 3 107
760 833 985 961 815
886 998 1 246 1 255 1 052
459 513 673 703 607
318 325 416 427 378
155 184 254 244 211
36 43 38 41 45
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3 791 3 707 3 324 3 046 3 003
661 675 616 558 536
298 310 295 262 234
363 365 321 297 302
3 129 3 032 2 709 2 487 2 467
794 752 674 585 558
1 098 1 099 960 889 897
634 609 592 550 540
355 350 298 291 286
211 189 155 136 144
39 33 30 38 41
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3 140 3 683 4 090 3 885 3 629
544 608 621 597 580
243 270 283 264 282
301 338 338 333 298
2 596 3 074 3 469 3 288 3 049
584 662 698 648 605
902 1 071 1 173 1 058 954
617 728 858 847 772
310 396 463 485 449
137 168 210 205 204
46 49 66 45 66
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3 421 3 356 3 162 2 944 2 814
602 573 577 519 529
299 270 268 242 249
303 303 310 277 280
2 819 2 783 2 585 2 424 2 285
571 564 516 498 480
880 854 800 720 654
735 720 686 650 584
381 399 373 362 350
193 183 152 141 163
60 63 58 53 54
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
2 717 3 111 3 781 3 868 3 694
483 512 553 554 543
221 230 238 255 262
262 282 315 299 281
2 235 2 599 3 228 3 314 3 150
475 521 638 654 619
604 742 866 863 804
577 641 795 827 739
364 453 591 592 605
165 187 263 302 309
50 55 76 76 75
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
93
Table 1-28. Unemployed Persons by Sex, Race, Age, and Hispanic Origin, 1948–2004—Continued (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
White1 1954 ......................................................
2 859
423
191
232
2 436
394
610
540
447
329
115
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
2 252 2 159 2 289 3 680 2 946
373 382 401 541 525
181 191 195 245 255
191 191 204 297 270
1 879 1 777 1 888 3 139 2 421
304 297 331 541 406
412 406 425 756 526
402 363 401 686 525
358 355 373 614 496
300 258 262 405 348
105 98 98 136 120
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3 065 3 743 3 052 3 208 2 999
575 669 580 708 708
273 295 262 350 365
302 374 318 358 342
2 490 3 074 2 472 2 500 2 291
456 566 488 501 508
573 668 515 540 441
520 652 522 518 472
502 611 485 485 447
330 438 345 349 323
109 139 117 107 100
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
2 691 2 255 2 338 2 226 2 260
705 651 635 644 660
329 315 311 326 351
374 336 325 318 309
1 986 1 604 1 703 1 582 1 601
437 338 393 422 432
399 323 360 330 354
427 336 336 297 294
358 298 321 269 269
276 227 221 187 185
91 80 75 80 66
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3 339 4 085 3 906 3 442 4 097
871 1 011 1 021 955 1 104
438 491 515 513 561
432 521 506 443 544
2 468 3 074 2 885 2 486 2 993
679 887 887 758 925
570 732 679 664 821
433 517 459 358 448
415 500 439 371 427
275 338 324 257 283
95 100 95 77 88
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
6 421 5 914 5 441 4 698 4 664
1 413 1 364 1 284 1 189 1 193
657 649 636 631 589
755 715 648 558 603
5 007 4 550 4 157 3 509 3 472
1 474 1 326 1 195 1 059 1 038
1 413 1 329 1 255 1 059 1 068
774 682 621 543 545
753 637 569 453 443
460 448 388 290 290
136 128 129 104 87
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5 884 6 343 8 241 8 128 6 372
1 291 1 374 1 534 1 387 1 116
625 629 683 609 510
666 745 851 778 605
4 593 4 968 6 707 6 741 5 256
1 364 1 449 1 770 1 678 1 282
1 528 1 658 2 283 2 282 1 723
740 827 1 223 1 294 1 036
550 578 796 837 660
335 379 549 563 475
74 77 86 88 81
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
6 191 6 140 5 501 4 944 4 770
1 074 1 070 995 910 863
507 509 495 437 407
567 561 500 473 456
5 117 5 070 4 506 4 033 3 908
1 235 1 149 1 017 874 856
1 695 1 751 1 527 1 371 1 297
1 039 1 056 984 890 871
642 629 576 520 503
432 407 333 309 311
75 78 68 69 70
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5 186 6 560 7 169 6 655 5 892
903 1 029 1 037 992 960
401 461 484 468 471
502 568 553 523 489
4 283 5 532 6 132 5 663 4 933
899 1 132 1 156 1 057 952
1 401 1 805 1 967 1 754 1 479
983 1 330 1 483 1 411 1 184
582 759 915 907 779
330 410 495 442 407
88 96 116 92 132
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5 459 5 300 4 836 4 484 4 273
952 939 912 876 844
476 456 438 424 414
476 484 475 451 430
4 507 4 361 3 924 3 608 3 429
866 854 765 731 720
1 311 1 223 1 068 978 865
1 161 1 117 1 035 901 843
676 709 648 620 595
362 336 302 276 303
131 122 106 101 104
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
4 121 4 969 6 137 6 311 5 847
795 845 925 909 890
386 402 407 414 414
409 443 518 495 476
3 326 4 124 5 212 5 401 4 957
682 829 977 1 012 959
835 1 062 1 340 1 354 1 211
817 985 1 237 1 287 1 130
591 761 1 004 1 025 953
294 378 518 569 557
107 109 137 155 148
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
94
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-28. Unemployed Persons by Sex, Race, Age, and Hispanic Origin, 1948–2004—Continued (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
Black1 1972 ...................................................... 1973 ...................................................... 1974 ......................................................
16 years and over
16 to 17 years
Total
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Total
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
906 846 965
279 262 297
113 114 127
167 148 170
627 584 666
226 231 261
183 181 201
106 82 95
62 53 65
37 29 33
12 9 10
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1 369 1 334 1 393 1 330 1 319
330 330 354 360 333
130 134 135 150 137
200 195 218 210 197
1 040 1 005 1 040 972 986
362 350 397 379 369
321 338 355 320 335
157 145 140 127 137
126 101 81 82 82
54 54 51 47 48
17 16 16 17 15
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1 553 1 731 2 142 2 272 1 914
343 357 396 392 353
134 138 130 125 122
210 219 266 267 230
1 209 1 374 1 747 1 879 1 561
426 483 565 591 504
433 493 662 700 577
171 207 278 299 253
109 119 141 174 138
53 55 84 95 75
18 17 17 21 15
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1 864 1 840 1 684 1 547 1 544
357 347 312 288 300
135 138 134 121 116
221 209 178 167 184
1 507 1 493 1 373 1 259 1 245
455 453 397 349 322
562 564 533 502 494
254 269 247 230 246
143 127 124 111 109
74 69 62 51 53
18 10 10 15 20
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1 565 1 723 2 011 1 844 1 666
268 280 324 313 300
112 105 127 112 127
156 175 197 201 173
1 297 1 443 1 687 1 530 1 366
349 378 421 387 351
505 539 610 532 468
278 318 402 376 346
106 151 178 153 130
44 44 64 72 55
14 13 13 11 16
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1 538 1 592 1 560 1 426 1 309
325 310 302 281 268
143 133 123 124 109
182 177 179 156 159
1 213 1 282 1 258 1 146 1 041
311 327 327 301 273
423 454 426 366 339
303 313 307 294 249
116 127 136 125 121
42 48 45 45 46
18 13 16 16 14
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1 241 1 416 1 693 1 787 1 729
230 260 260 255 241
96 102 103 93 103
134 158 156 162 138
1 011 1 155 1 433 1 532 1 487
281 307 365 375 353
289 340 407 442 441
254 283 349 385 341
131 159 215 217 245
38 52 76 93 86
20 15 21 20 21
Hispanic 1973 ...................................................... 1974 ......................................................
277 325
80 88
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
508 485 456 452 434
123 106 113 110 106
... 51 50 63 54
... 55 60 47 51
... 385 344 342 329
... 116 98 98 100
... 113 114 116 102
... 72 56 65 65
... 53 48 41 37
... 26 24 16 20
... 6 5 5 4
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
620 678 929 961 800
145 144 175 167 149
66 60 73 64 60
79 84 102 104 88
474 533 754 793 651
138 171 221 214 164
168 178 267 270 235
90 92 140 156 124
49 57 75 93 71
24 31 45 54 51
5 5 6 5 5
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
811 857 751 732 750
141 141 136 148 132
55 57 57 63 59
85 84 79 84 73
670 716 615 585 618
171 183 152 145 158
256 258 222 209 218
123 143 128 120 124
73 85 75 69 76
41 38 33 36 36
7 9 5 6 6
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
876 1 092 1 311 1 248 1 187
161 179 219 201 198
68 79 94 86 90
94 99 124 115 108
714 913 1 093 1 047 989
167 214 240 237 220
263 332 390 354 348
156 206 267 261 227
85 110 126 132 132
36 44 59 54 51
7 8 10 10 12
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1 140 1 132 1 069 1 026 945
205 199 197 214 196
96 85 87 89 79
109 114 110 125 117
934 933 872 812 750
209 217 206 194 171
325 296 269 260 233
224 246 229 203 190
106 101 99 96 104
54 59 56 48 42
16 14 13 11 10
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
954 1 138 1 353 1 441 1 342
194 208 221 192 203
83 84 81 79 86
112 123 140 113 117
759 931 1 132 1 249 1 139
190 212 265 273 255
247 315 373 419 371
189 228 271 294 261
79 111 146 183 161
42 56 62 69 74
12 9 15 10 18
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race. . . . = Not available.
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
95
Table 1-28. Unemployed Persons by Sex, Race, Age, and Hispanic Origin, 1948–2004—Continued (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
White Men1 1954 ......................................................
1 913
266
125
142
1 647
260
408
341
299
241
98
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1 478 1 366 1 477 2 489 1 903
232 221 243 333 318
114 112 118 149 162
117 108 124 184 156
1 246 1 145 1 234 2 156 1 585
196 186 222 382 256
260 265 257 525 350
246 212 239 436 316
233 225 250 404 320
223 177 193 299 245
89 81 73 110 98
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1 988 2 398 1 915 1 976 1 779
341 384 334 407 400
167 176 158 211 217
174 208 176 196 183
1 647 2 014 1 581 1 569 1 379
295 370 300 309 310
376 442 332 342 262
330 395 311 297 255
317 382 308 294 266
243 318 246 246 216
86 107 84 80 70
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1 556 1 241 1 208 1 142 1 137
387 340 342 328 343
200 178 186 185 198
186 162 156 143 145
1 169 901 866 814 794
254 172 185 206 214
226 185 171 162 165
228 173 153 140 130
206 160 167 142 134
190 154 140 111 108
67 57 52 55 43
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1 857 2 309 2 173 1 836 2 169
485 562 564 513 584
255 288 288 284 311
230 275 276 229 274
1 372 1 747 1 610 1 323 1 585
388 513 506 411 505
316 418 375 353 434
212 268 231 166 218
216 272 237 188 213
177 211 199 153 161
64 66 60 51 53
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3 627 3 258 2 883 2 411 2 405
785 754 672 615 633
369 368 342 338 319
416 385 330 277 313
2 841 2 504 2 211 1 797 1 773
871 750 660 558 553
796 730 682 525 526
412 346 297 250 253
411 341 276 227 220
265 259 213 169 165
86 78 82 68 56
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3 345 3 580 4 846 4 859 3 600
716 755 854 761 608
347 349 387 328 280
369 406 467 433 328
2 629 2 825 3 991 4 098 2 992
827 869 1 066 1 019 722
884 943 1 385 1 410 991
378 433 696 755 572
291 317 460 497 363
206 221 331 362 302
44 42 53 54 42
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3 426 3 433 3 132 2 766 2 636
592 576 548 499 487
282 276 272 239 230
310 299 276 260 257
2 834 2 857 2 584 2 268 2 149
694 645 568 480 476
931 978 879 777 694
553 586 536 477 470
356 349 350 293 280
257 248 209 200 191
43 51 43 40 38
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
2 935 3 859 4 209 3 828 3 275
504 575 590 565 540
214 249 270 261 259
290 327 319 305 280
2 431 3 284 3 620 3 263 2 735
510 677 686 619 555
796 1 064 1 155 1 015 827
530 780 858 793 626
330 438 543 512 417
214 269 318 270 236
51 55 58 53 74
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
2 999 2 896 2 641 2 431 2 274
535 532 502 510 461
260 260 234 254 223
275 273 268 257 237
2 465 2 363 2 140 1 920 1 813
483 478 439 405 398
711 655 553 512 441
621 592 549 441 419
371 383 358 342 322
200 188 182 164 172
79 67 58 58 61
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
2 177 2 754 3 459 3 643 3 282
446 479 516 518 497
217 232 228 221 224
229 247 288 298 274
1 731 2 275 2 943 3 125 2 785
368 494 562 589 560
428 547 772 798 694
403 529 672 723 620
302 413 554 591 516
162 229 305 333 307
68 64 77 91 88
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
96
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-28. Unemployed Persons by Sex, Race, Age, and Hispanic Origin, 1948–2004—Continued (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
White Women1 1954 ......................................................
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
946
157
66
90
789
134
202
199
148
88
17
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
774 793 812 1 191 1 043
141 161 158 208 207
67 79 77 96 93
74 83 80 113 114
633 632 654 983 836
108 111 109 159 150
152 141 168 231 176
156 151 162 250 209
125 130 123 210 176
77 81 69 106 103
16 17 25 26 22
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1 077 1 345 1 137 1 232 1 220
234 285 246 301 308
106 119 104 139 148
128 166 142 162 159
843 1 060 891 931 912
161 196 188 192 198
197 226 183 198 179
190 257 211 221 217
185 229 177 191 181
87 120 99 103 107
23 32 33 27 30
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1 135 1 014 1 130 1 084 1 123
318 311 293 316 317
129 137 125 141 153
188 174 169 175 164
817 703 837 768 806
183 166 209 216 218
173 138 189 168 189
199 163 183 157 164
152 138 154 127 135
86 73 81 76 77
24 23 23 25 23
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1 482 1 777 1 733 1 606 1 927
386 449 457 442 519
183 203 227 228 250
202 246 230 214 270
1 096 1 328 1 275 1 164 1 408
291 376 381 347 420
254 314 304 311 387
221 249 227 192 230
199 228 202 183 214
98 126 125 104 122
31 34 35 26 35
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
2 794 2 656 2 558 2 287 2 260
628 611 612 574 560
288 280 294 292 270
340 330 318 281 290
2 166 2 045 1 946 1 713 1 699
602 577 536 500 485
617 598 573 533 542
362 336 323 294 293
342 296 293 226 223
195 188 175 122 125
49 49 47 37 32
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
2 540 2 762 3 395 3 270 2 772
576 620 680 626 508
278 281 296 282 231
298 339 384 345 277
1 964 2 143 2 715 2 643 2 264
537 580 704 659 559
645 715 898 872 731
362 394 527 539 464
259 261 337 340 297
129 158 217 201 173
31 36 33 33 39
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
2 765 2 708 2 369 2 177 2 135
482 495 447 412 376
225 233 223 198 177
257 262 224 214 199
2 283 2 213 1 922 1 766 1 758
541 504 449 393 380
763 773 648 594 603
486 470 448 413 401
286 281 227 227 223
175 159 124 110 120
32 27 25 30 32
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
2 251 2 701 2 959 2 827 2 617
399 453 447 426 420
187 212 214 208 211
212 241 233 219 208
1 852 2 248 2 512 2 400 2 197
389 455 469 438 397
605 741 811 739 652
453 550 625 618 558
251 320 372 395 361
116 141 177 172 170
37 41 58 39 58
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
2 460 2 404 2 195 2 053 1 999
418 407 411 365 383
216 196 204 171 190
201 211 207 195 193
2 042 1 998 1 784 1 688 1 616
384 376 326 327 322
600 568 515 467 423
540 525 486 460 423
306 326 290 279 273
162 148 119 112 131
52 55 49 43 43
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1 944 2 215 2 678 2 668 2 565
349 366 409 391 393
168 170 179 194 191
180 196 230 197 202
1 595 1 849 2 269 2 276 2 172
314 335 415 423 399
407 515 567 555 516
414 456 565 564 510
289 348 449 434 437
133 150 213 235 250
39 45 60 64 60
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
97
Table 1-28. Unemployed Persons by Age, Sex, Race, Sex, Race, Age, and Hispanic Origin, 1948–2004—Continued (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
Total
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Black Men1 1972 ...................................................... 1973 ...................................................... 1974 ......................................................
448 395 494
143 128 159
66 62 75
77 66 82
305 267 336
113 108 129
84 75 103
45 37 41
31 27 35
23 16 19
9 5 8
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
741 698 698 641 636
170 170 187 180 164
71 69 73 80 68
100 103 114 101 97
571 528 512 462 473
195 185 197 185 174
169 166 170 148 152
83 73 63 53 66
78 60 40 40 44
33 32 31 24 27
13 13 12 11 10
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
815 891 1 167 1 213 1 003
179 188 213 211 188
72 73 72 70 62
108 115 141 142 126
636 703 954 1 002 815
222 248 304 313 272
222 245 355 358 289
88 102 154 162 132
60 65 74 96 67
32 32 54 59 45
12 10 12 14 9
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
951 946 826 771 773
193 180 160 154 153
69 68 70 64 65
124 112 90 90 88
757 765 666 617 619
224 225 186 177 162
268 273 253 233 226
127 148 122 111 129
85 70 61 58 59
43 44 39 30 33
11 5 6 8 10
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
806 890 1 067 971 848
142 145 180 170 167
62 54 71 66 69
80 91 109 104 97
664 745 886 801 682
177 201 221 201 173
247 252 301 260 218
146 172 208 201 180
62 87 107 87 72
27 25 42 46 29
6 7 6 7 10
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
762 808 747 671 626
168 169 162 147 145
73 73 70 61 60
95 96 92 86 85
593 639 585 524 480
153 163 165 151 135
195 210 178 148 143
150 158 141 133 114
63 75 72 60 60
21 26 22 24 22
11 7 7 8 7
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
620 709 835 891 860
121 136 140 132 128
52 51 54 49 52
70 85 85 83 75
499 573 695 760 733
145 150 181 192 188
134 159 180 212 211
121 142 165 189 160
72 84 120 109 120
17 31 40 47 46
9 7 9 10 8
Black Women1 1972 ...................................................... 1973 ...................................................... 1974 ......................................................
458 451 470
136 134 139
47 51 51
90 82 87
322 317 331
113 123 132
99 105 98
61 45 55
31 26 30
14 13 14
3 4 2
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
629 637 695 690 683
160 160 167 179 169
60 66 63 70 69
100 93 104 110 100
469 477 528 510 513
167 165 200 194 195
153 172 185 173 183
75 73 77 74 71
48 41 41 41 38
22 23 21 23 21
4 3 4 6 5
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
738 840 975 1 059 911
164 169 182 181 165
62 65 58 56 60
102 104 124 125 104
574 671 793 878 747
204 235 261 278 231
211 248 307 342 288
83 105 123 137 121
49 54 67 77 71
21 23 29 36 30
6 7 5 7 5
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
913 894 858 776 772
164 167 152 134 147
66 70 64 57 51
98 97 88 78 96
750 728 706 642 625
231 228 211 172 160
295 291 280 269 267
127 121 125 118 118
58 57 63 53 50
31 25 23 22 21
7 5 4 7 9
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
758 833 944 872 818
126 135 144 143 133
49 51 56 46 57
76 84 88 97 76
633 698 800 729 685
172 177 200 186 178
258 288 308 272 249
132 145 194 175 166
44 64 71 66 59
17 19 22 26 26
8 6 6 5 6
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
777 784 813 756 684
157 141 140 134 123
... 60 53 63 49
87 80 87 71 74
620 643 673 622 561
158 164 163 150 138
228 244 248 218 196
153 155 166 160 135
53 52 64 65 61
20 21 24 21 25
... 7 9 8 7
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
621 706 858 895 868
109 124 120 123 114
44 52 49 44 51
65 72 71 79 63
512 582 738 772 755
136 157 183 183 166
154 181 228 230 230
132 141 185 195 180
59 75 95 109 126
22 21 35 46 40
10 8 12 10 13
1Beginning in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race. . . . = Not available.
98
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-28. Unemployed Persons by Sex, Race, Age, and Hispanic Origin, 1948–2004—Continued (Thousands of people.) 16 to 19 years Year, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
16 years and over
16 to 17 years
Total
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Total
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Hispanic Men 1973 ...................................................... 1974 ......................................................
158 187
... ...
... ...
... ...
114 139
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
296 278 253 234 223
... 60 60 59 55
... 30 27 35 29
... 31 33 24 27
225 217 195 175 168
... 69 57 51 52
... 63 65 59 50
... 38 28 30 33
... 29 22 20 19
... 16 15 10 11
... ... ... ... ...
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
370 408 565 591 480
86 87 104 100 87
39 40 45 38 36
47 47 59 62 51
284 321 461 491 393
85 105 138 134 103
96 113 169 168 142
51 49 80 92 69
31 31 40 57 41
16 19 29 36 33
... ... ... ... ...
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
483 520 451 437 423
82 82 77 86 81
34 33 32 36 36
49 50 45 50 45
401 438 374 351 342
108 115 88 83 88
156 159 137 128 113
69 86 77 70 69
40 46 46 42 43
23 26 22 24 25
... ... ... ... ...
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
524 685 807 747 680
100 110 132 118 121
40 47 56 50 54
60 62 75 68 67
425 575 675 629 558
99 139 156 144 128
154 210 239 217 203
91 126 156 148 113
53 62 75 79 75
25 33 42 33 30
... ... ... ... 9
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
651 607 582 552 480
121 112 110 117 106
59 49 47 54 42
63 63 63 62 63
530 495 471 436 374
123 117 125 115 96
185 165 137 142 109
120 124 113 97 83
57 49 54 49 54
33 31 35 29 24
13 9 8 5 7
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
494 611 764 809 755
106 117 127 116 120
46 52 42 42 48
60 65 86 74 72
388 495 636 693 635
105 129 151 157 158
118 152 213 239 207
93 116 144 153 133
42 55 82 98 82
23 36 38 41 41
8 6 8 5 13
Hispanic Women 1973 ...................................................... 1974 ......................................................
119 137
... ...
... ...
... ...
83 98
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
212 207 204 219 211
... 45 50 51 50
... 22 23 28 26
... 24 27 23 24
160 166 153 168 160
... 47 40 46 48
... 52 49 58 52
... 33 28 36 32
... 22 25 20 18
... 10 11 8 10
... ... ... ... ...
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
249 269 364 369 320
59 57 71 68 62
28 20 28 26 25
31 37 43 42 37
190 212 293 302 258
53 65 83 80 61
72 65 98 102 93
39 43 60 65 55
18 25 35 36 30
8 13 16 18 17
... ... ... ... ...
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
327 337 300 296 327
58 59 59 62 51
22 25 25 27 23
37 35 34 34 28
269 278 241 234 276
63 68 64 63 70
100 99 85 81 105
54 57 51 50 55
32 39 29 27 33
18 12 11 12 11
... ... ... ... ...
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
351 407 504 501 508
62 69 87 83 77
28 32 38 36 36
34 37 49 47 40
289 339 418 418 431
68 74 84 93 92
109 122 151 136 145
65 80 111 113 115
32 48 51 53 57
11 12 17 21 21
... ... ... ... 2
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
488 525 488 473 466
84 88 87 98 90
38 36 40 35 36
46 52 46 63 54
404 438 401 376 376
86 100 81 80 75
140 131 132 118 124
104 122 117 106 107
50 52 46 48 50
21 27 21 19 17
3 5 4 5 3
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
460 527 590 631 587
88 91 94 76 83
37 33 39 37 38
51 58 54 39 45
371 436 496 555 504
86 83 113 116 97
129 163 160 180 164
96 112 127 141 128
38 56 65 86 78
19 20 24 28 32
4 3 7 5 5
Note: Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. . . . = Not available.
99
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-29. Unemployment Rates of Civilian Workers by Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin, 1948–2004 (Percent of labor force.) 16 to 19 years Year, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Total
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Total 1948 ...................................................... 1949 ......................................................
3.8 5.9
9.2 13.4
10.1 14.0
8.6 13.0
3.3 5.4
6.2 9.3
3.2 5.4
2.6 4.4
2.7 4.2
3.1 5.2
3.2 4.9
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5.3 3.3 3.0 2.9 5.5
12.2 8.2 8.5 7.6 12.6
13.6 9.6 10.0 8.7 13.5
11.2 7.1 7.3 6.8 10.7
4.8 3.0 2.7 2.6 5.1
7.7 4.1 4.6 4.7 9.2
4.8 3.0 2.6 2.5 5.3
3.8 2.5 2.3 2.2 4.5
4.2 2.7 2.3 2.3 4.4
4.8 3.1 2.4 2.7 4.5
4.5 3.4 2.9 2.2 4.1
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
4.4 4.1 4.3 6.8 5.5
11.0 11.1 11.6 15.9 14.6
12.3 12.3 12.5 16.4 15.3
10.0 10.2 10.9 15.5 14.0
3.9 3.7 3.8 6.2 4.8
7.0 6.6 7.1 11.2 8.5
3.8 3.7 3.9 6.8 5.0
3.4 3.0 3.1 5.4 4.2
3.4 3.2 3.3 5.2 4.2
4.2 3.5 3.4 5.2 4.4
3.6 3.2 3.4 4.8 4.3
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5.5 6.7 5.5 5.7 5.2
14.7 16.8 14.7 17.2 16.2
15.5 18.3 16.3 19.3 17.8
14.1 15.8 13.6 15.6 14.9
4.8 5.9 4.9 4.8 4.3
8.7 10.4 9.0 8.8 8.3
5.2 6.2 5.1 5.2 4.3
4.1 5.2 4.1 4.0 3.6
4.1 5.0 4.0 3.8 3.5
4.2 5.4 4.2 4.1 3.7
3.8 5.1 4.5 4.1 3.8
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
4.5 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.5
14.8 12.8 12.9 12.7 12.2
16.5 14.8 14.6 14.7 14.5
13.5 11.3 11.6 11.2 10.5
3.6 2.9 3.0 2.7 2.7
6.7 5.3 5.7 5.8 5.7
3.7 3.1 3.2 2.8 2.8
3.2 2.5 2.5 2.2 2.2
2.8 2.3 2.4 1.9 1.9
3.1 2.5 2.4 2.0 1.9
3.3 3.0 2.8 2.8 2.2
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
4.9 5.9 5.6 4.9 5.6
15.3 16.9 16.2 14.5 16.0
17.1 18.7 18.5 17.3 18.3
13.8 15.5 14.6 12.4 14.3
4.0 4.9 4.5 3.9 4.5
8.2 10.0 9.3 7.8 9.1
4.2 5.3 4.6 4.2 4.8
3.1 3.9 3.5 2.7 3.3
2.8 3.4 3.0 2.5 2.9
2.7 3.3 3.2 2.6 2.8
3.2 3.5 3.6 3.0 3.4
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
8.5 7.7 7.1 6.1 5.8
19.9 19.0 17.8 16.4 16.1
21.4 21.1 19.9 19.3 18.1
18.9 17.5 16.2 14.2 14.7
7.3 6.5 5.9 5.0 4.8
13.6 12.0 11.0 9.6 9.1
7.8 7.1 6.5 5.3 5.2
5.6 4.9 4.4 3.7 3.6
5.2 4.5 3.9 3.3 3.2
4.6 4.5 3.9 2.9 2.9
5.2 5.1 5.0 4.0 3.4
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
7.1 7.6 9.7 9.6 7.5
17.8 19.6 23.2 22.4 18.9
20.0 21.4 24.9 24.5 21.2
16.2 18.4 22.1 21.1 17.4
6.1 6.5 8.6 8.6 6.7
11.5 12.3 14.9 14.5 11.5
6.9 7.3 9.7 9.7 7.3
4.6 5.0 6.9 7.0 5.4
4.0 4.2 5.7 6.2 4.9
3.3 3.7 5.4 5.6 4.7
3.1 3.2 3.5 3.7 3.3
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
7.2 7.0 6.2 5.5 5.3
18.6 18.3 16.9 15.3 15.0
21.0 20.2 19.1 17.4 17.2
17.0 17.0 15.2 13.8 13.6
6.4 6.2 5.4 4.8 4.6
11.1 10.7 9.7 8.7 8.6
7.0 6.9 6.0 5.4 5.2
5.1 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.8
4.7 4.5 4.0 3.4 3.2
4.3 4.1 3.5 3.2 3.2
3.2 3.0 2.5 2.7 2.6
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5.6 6.8 7.5 6.9 6.1
15.5 18.7 20.1 19.0 17.6
17.9 21.0 23.1 21.4 19.9
14.1 17.2 18.2 17.5 16.0
4.9 6.1 6.8 6.2 5.4
8.8 10.8 11.4 10.5 9.7
5.6 6.9 7.6 6.9 6.0
4.1 5.2 5.8 5.5 4.6
3.6 4.5 5.1 4.8 4.0
3.3 4.1 5.1 4.7 4.1
3.0 3.3 3.8 3.2 4.0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5.6 5.4 4.9 4.5 4.2
17.3 16.7 16.0 14.6 13.9
20.2 18.9 18.2 17.2 16.3
15.3 15.2 14.5 12.8 12.4
4.9 4.7 4.3 3.9 3.6
9.1 9.3 8.5 7.9 7.5
5.4 5.2 4.7 4.3 4.0
4.3 4.1 3.8 3.4 3.0
3.3 3.3 3.0 2.8 2.6
3.6 3.3 2.9 2.6 2.7
4.0 3.6 3.3 3.2 3.1
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
4.0 4.7 5.8 6.0 5.5
13.1 14.7 16.5 17.5 17.0
15.4 17.2 18.8 19.1 20.2
11.6 13.1 15.1 16.4 15.0
3.4 4.2 5.2 5.4 4.9
7.2 8.3 9.7 10.0 9.4
3.7 4.6 5.9 6.1 5.5
3.0 3.6 4.6 4.9 4.4
2.5 3.1 4.0 4.1 3.8
2.5 3.0 3.9 4.1 3.8
3.1 2.9 3.6 3.8 3.6
100
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-29. Unemployment Rates of Civilian Workers by Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin, 1948–2004 —Continued (Percent of labor force.) 16 to 19 years Year, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Total
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Men 1948 ...................................................... 1949 ......................................................
3.6 5.9
9.8 14.3
10.2 13.7
9.5 14.6
3.2 5.4
6.9 10.4
2.8 5.2
2.4 4.3
2.5 4.3
3.1 5.4
3.4 5.1
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5.1 2.8 2.8 2.8 5.3
12.7 8.1 8.9 7.9 13.5
13.3 9.4 10.5 8.8 13.9
12.3 7.0 7.4 7.2 13.2
4.7 2.5 2.4 2.5 4.9
8.1 3.9 4.6 5.0 10.7
4.4 2.3 2.2 2.2 4.8
3.6 2.0 1.9 2.0 4.1
4.0 2.4 2.2 2.3 4.3
4.9 2.8 2.4 2.8 4.5
4.8 3.5 3.0 2.4 4.4
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
4.2 3.8 4.1 6.8 5.2
11.6 11.1 12.4 17.1 15.3
12.5 11.7 12.4 16.3 15.8
10.8 10.5 12.3 17.8 14.9
3.8 3.4 3.6 6.2 4.7
7.7 6.9 7.8 12.7 8.7
3.3 3.3 3.3 6.5 4.7
3.1 2.6 2.8 5.1 3.7
3.2 3.0 3.3 5.3 4.1
4.3 3.5 3.5 5.5 4.5
4.0 3.5 3.4 5.2 4.8
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5.4 6.4 5.2 5.2 4.6
15.3 17.1 14.7 17.2 15.8
15.5 18.3 16.0 18.8 17.1
15.0 16.3 13.8 15.9 14.6
4.7 5.7 4.6 4.5 3.9
8.9 10.8 8.9 8.8 8.1
4.8 5.7 4.5 4.5 3.5
3.8 4.6 3.6 3.5 2.9
4.1 4.9 3.9 3.6 3.2
4.6 5.7 4.6 4.3 3.9
4.2 5.5 4.6 4.5 4.0
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
4.0 3.2 3.1 2.9 2.8
14.1 11.7 12.3 11.6 11.4
16.1 13.7 14.5 13.9 13.8
12.4 10.2 10.5 9.7 9.3
3.2 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.1
6.4 4.6 4.7 5.1 5.1
2.9 2.4 2.1 1.9 1.9
2.5 2.0 1.7 1.6 1.5
2.5 1.9 2.0 1.6 1.5
3.3 2.6 2.3 1.9 1.8
3.5 3.1 2.8 2.8 2.2
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
4.4 5.3 5.0 4.2 4.9
15.0 16.6 15.9 13.9 15.6
16.9 18.7 18.3 17.0 18.4
13.4 15.0 14.1 11.4 13.3
3.5 4.4 4.0 3.3 3.8
8.4 10.3 9.3 7.3 8.8
3.5 4.4 3.8 3.4 4.0
2.4 3.1 2.7 2.0 2.6
2.4 3.0 2.6 2.1 2.4
2.8 3.3 3.2 2.4 2.6
3.3 3.4 3.6 3.0 3.3
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
7.9 7.1 6.3 5.3 5.1
20.1 19.2 17.3 15.8 15.9
21.6 21.4 19.5 19.1 17.9
19.0 17.6 15.6 13.3 14.3
6.8 5.9 5.2 4.3 4.2
14.3 12.1 10.8 9.2 8.7
6.9 6.2 5.7 4.4 4.3
4.9 4.1 3.5 2.8 2.9
4.8 4.0 3.2 2.7 2.7
4.3 4.2 3.6 2.8 2.7
5.4 5.1 5.2 4.2 3.4
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
6.9 7.4 9.9 9.9 7.4
18.3 20.1 24.4 23.3 19.6
20.4 22.0 26.4 25.2 21.9
16.7 18.8 23.1 22.2 18.3
5.9 6.3 8.8 8.9 6.6
12.5 13.2 16.4 15.9 11.9
6.7 6.9 10.1 10.1 7.2
4.1 4.5 6.9 7.1 5.2
3.6 4.0 5.6 6.3 4.6
3.4 3.6 5.5 6.1 5.0
3.1 2.9 3.7 3.9 3.0
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
7.0 6.9 6.2 5.5 5.2
19.5 19.0 17.8 16.0 15.9
21.9 20.8 20.2 18.2 18.6
17.9 17.7 16.0 14.6 14.2
6.2 6.1 5.4 4.8 4.5
11.4 11.0 9.9 8.9 8.8
6.6 6.7 5.9 5.3 4.8
4.9 5.1 4.4 3.8 3.7
4.6 4.4 4.2 3.5 3.2
4.3 4.3 3.7 3.5 3.5
3.1 3.2 2.6 2.5 2.4
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5.7 7.2 7.9 7.2 6.2
16.3 19.8 21.5 20.4 19.0
18.4 21.8 24.6 22.9 21.0
15.0 18.5 19.5 18.8 17.6
5.0 6.4 7.1 6.4 5.4
9.1 11.6 12.2 11.3 10.2
5.5 7.0 7.8 7.0 5.9
4.1 5.5 6.1 5.6 4.5
3.7 4.8 5.6 5.1 4.0
3.8 4.6 5.8 5.2 4.4
3.0 3.3 3.3 3.2 4.0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5.6 5.4 4.9 4.4 4.1
18.4 18.1 16.9 16.2 14.7
21.1 20.8 19.1 19.1 17.0
16.5 16.3 15.4 14.1 13.1
4.8 4.6 4.2 3.7 3.5
9.2 9.5 8.9 8.1 7.7
5.1 4.9 4.3 3.9 3.6
4.2 4.0 3.6 3.0 2.8
3.5 3.5 3.1 2.8 2.6
3.6 3.3 3.1 2.8 2.7
4.3 3.4 3.0 3.1 3.0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3.9 4.8 5.9 6.3 5.6
14.0 16.0 18.1 19.3 18.4
16.8 19.1 21.1 20.7 22.0
12.2 14.0 16.4 18.4 16.3
3.3 4.2 5.3 5.6 5.0
7.3 9.0 10.2 10.6 10.1
3.4 4.3 5.8 6.2 5.5
2.8 3.6 4.5 5.0 4.3
2.4 3.2 4.2 4.4 3.9
2.4 3.3 4.3 4.5 3.9
3.3 3.0 3.4 4.0 3.7
101
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-29. Unemployment Rates of Civilian Workers by Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin, 1948–2004 —Continued (Percent of labor force.) 16 to 19 years Year, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Total
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Women 1948 ...................................................... 1949 ......................................................
4.1 6.0
8.3 12.3
10.0 14.4
7.4 11.2
3.6 5.3
4.8 7.3
4.3 5.9
3.0 4.7
3.0 4.0
3.1 4.4
2.3 3.8
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5.7 4.4 3.6 3.3 6.0
11.4 8.3 8.0 7.2 11.4
14.2 10.0 9.1 8.5 12.7
9.8 7.2 7.3 6.4 7.7
5.1 4.0 3.2 2.9 5.5
6.9 4.4 4.5 4.3 7.3
5.7 4.5 3.6 3.4 6.6
4.4 3.8 3.0 2.5 5.3
4.5 3.5 2.5 2.3 4.6
4.5 4.0 2.5 2.5 4.6
3.4 2.9 2.2 1.4 3.0
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
4.9 4.8 4.7 6.8 5.9
10.2 11.2 10.6 14.3 13.5
12.0 13.2 12.6 16.6 14.4
9.1 9.9 9.4 12.9 13.0
4.4 4.2 4.1 6.1 5.2
6.1 6.3 6.0 8.9 8.1
5.3 4.8 5.3 7.3 5.9
4.0 3.9 3.8 6.2 5.1
3.6 3.6 3.2 4.9 4.2
3.8 3.6 3.0 4.5 4.1
2.3 2.3 3.4 3.7 2.8
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5.9 7.2 6.2 6.5 6.2
13.9 16.3 14.6 17.2 16.6
15.5 18.3 16.7 20.2 18.8
12.9 15.1 13.5 15.2 15.2
5.1 6.3 5.4 5.4 5.2
8.3 9.8 9.1 8.9 8.6
6.3 7.4 6.5 6.9 6.3
4.8 6.4 5.2 5.1 5.0
4.2 5.1 4.1 4.2 3.9
3.4 4.5 3.5 3.6 3.3
2.9 4.0 4.2 3.2 3.3
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5.5 4.8 5.2 4.8 4.7
15.7 14.1 13.5 14.0 13.3
17.2 16.6 14.8 15.9 15.5
14.8 12.6 12.8 12.9 11.8
4.5 3.8 4.2 3.8 3.7
7.3 6.3 7.0 6.7 6.3
5.5 4.5 5.4 4.7 4.6
4.6 3.6 4.1 3.4 3.4
3.2 2.9 3.1 2.4 2.6
2.8 2.3 2.4 2.2 2.2
2.9 2.8 2.7 2.7 2.3
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5.9 6.9 6.6 6.0 6.7
15.6 17.2 16.7 15.3 16.6
17.4 18.7 18.8 17.7 18.2
14.4 16.2 15.2 13.5 15.4
4.8 5.7 5.4 4.9 5.5
7.9 9.6 9.4 8.5 9.5
5.7 7.0 6.2 5.8 6.2
4.4 5.2 4.9 3.9 4.6
3.5 4.0 3.6 3.2 3.7
2.7 3.3 3.3 2.8 3.2
3.1 3.6 3.5 2.9 3.6
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
9.3 8.6 8.2 7.2 6.8
19.7 18.7 18.3 17.1 16.4
21.2 20.8 20.5 19.5 18.3
18.7 17.4 16.9 15.3 15.0
8.0 7.4 7.0 6.0 5.7
12.7 11.9 11.2 10.1 9.6
9.1 8.4 7.7 6.7 6.5
6.8 6.1 5.7 5.0 4.6
5.9 5.2 5.1 4.0 3.9
5.1 4.9 4.4 3.2 3.2
5.0 5.0 4.7 3.8 3.3
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
7.4 7.9 9.4 9.2 7.6
17.2 19.0 21.9 21.3 18.0
19.6 20.7 23.2 23.7 20.4
15.6 17.9 21.0 19.9 16.6
6.4 6.8 8.3 8.1 6.8
10.4 11.2 13.2 12.9 10.9
7.2 7.7 9.3 9.1 7.4
5.3 5.7 7.0 6.9 5.6
4.5 4.6 5.9 6.0 5.2
3.3 3.8 5.2 5.0 4.3
3.1 3.6 3.2 3.4 3.8
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
7.4 7.1 6.2 5.6 5.4
17.6 17.6 15.9 14.4 14.0
20.0 19.6 18.0 16.6 15.7
16.0 16.3 14.3 12.9 13.0
6.6 6.2 5.4 4.9 4.7
10.7 10.3 9.4 8.5 8.3
7.4 7.2 6.2 5.6 5.6
5.5 5.0 4.6 4.1 3.9
4.8 4.5 3.7 3.4 3.2
4.3 3.8 3.1 2.7 2.8
3.3 2.8 2.4 2.9 2.9
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5.5 6.4 7.0 6.6 6.0
14.7 17.5 18.6 17.5 16.2
17.4 20.2 21.5 19.8 18.7
13.1 15.9 16.6 16.1 14.3
4.9 5.7 6.3 5.9 5.4
8.5 9.8 10.3 9.7 9.2
5.6 6.8 7.4 6.8 6.2
4.2 4.8 5.5 5.3 4.7
3.4 4.2 4.6 4.5 4.0
2.8 3.4 4.2 4.0 3.9
3.1 3.3 4.5 3.1 4.0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5.6 5.4 5.0 4.6 4.3
16.1 15.2 15.0 12.9 13.2
19.2 16.9 17.2 15.1 15.5
14.0 14.0 13.6 11.5 11.6
4.9 4.8 4.4 4.1 3.8
9.0 9.0 8.1 7.8 7.2
5.7 5.5 5.2 4.8 4.4
4.4 4.2 4.0 3.8 3.3
3.2 3.2 2.9 2.7 2.5
3.6 3.4 2.7 2.4 2.6
3.7 4.0 3.6 3.3 3.2
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
4.1 4.7 5.6 5.7 5.4
12.1 13.4 14.9 15.6 15.5
13.9 15.2 16.6 17.5 18.5
10.8 12.2 13.8 14.2 13.5
3.6 4.1 5.1 5.1 4.9
7.1 7.5 9.1 9.3 8.7
4.1 5.1 5.9 5.9 5.6
3.3 3.7 4.6 4.9 4.4
2.5 3.0 3.8 3.7 3.7
2.5 2.7 3.5 3.7 3.6
2.7 2.9 3.9 3.6 3.4
102
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-29. Unemployment Rates of Civilian Workers by Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin, 1948–2004 —Continued (Percent of labor force.) 16 to 19 years Year, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Total
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
White1 1954 ......................................................
5.0
12.1
13.2
11.3
4.6
8.3
4.6
4.0
4.0
4.3
3.9
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3.9 3.6 3.8 6.1 4.8
10.4 10.1 10.6 14.4 13.1
12.0 11.5 11.9 15.2 14.4
9.2 9.0 9.6 13.9 12.1
3.4 3.2 3.4 5.6 4.3
6.2 5.7 6.3 9.9 7.3
3.1 3.1 3.3 5.9 4.2
2.9 2.6 2.8 4.8 3.7
3.1 2.9 3.0 4.8 3.8
3.8 3.2 3.2 4.9 4.1
3.4 3.1 3.2 4.6 4.1
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5.0 6.0 4.9 5.0 4.6
13.5 15.3 13.3 15.5 14.8
14.6 16.7 15.3 17.9 16.5
12.6 14.4 12.0 13.7 13.3
4.3 5.3 4.2 4.2 3.8
7.9 9.4 7.9 7.7 7.3
4.5 5.3 4.2 4.4 3.6
3.6 4.5 3.6 3.5 3.2
3.8 4.5 3.6 3.5 3.2
3.9 5.0 3.9 3.8 3.5
3.7 4.8 4.0 3.8 3.5
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
4.1 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.1
13.4 11.2 11.0 11.0 10.7
14.8 13.3 12.8 12.9 13.0
12.3 9.7 9.8 9.6 8.9
3.3 2.6 2.7 2.5 2.4
6.1 4.6 5.0 5.2 5.0
3.2 2.6 2.7 2.4 2.5
2.9 2.3 2.3 2.0 2.0
2.5 2.1 2.2 1.8 1.8
2.9 2.4 2.3 1.9 1.8
3.2 2.9 2.7 2.8 2.2
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
4.5 5.4 5.1 4.3 5.0
13.5 15.1 14.2 12.6 14.0
15.5 17.0 16.6 15.4 16.3
11.9 13.8 12.3 10.4 12.2
3.7 4.5 4.1 3.5 4.1
7.3 9.0 8.4 6.8 8.0
3.8 4.7 4.1 3.7 4.4
3.0 3.6 3.2 2.5 3.1
2.7 3.3 2.9 2.4 2.8
2.7 3.3 3.1 2.5 2.8
3.2 3.5 3.4 2.9 3.3
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
7.8 7.0 6.2 5.2 5.1
17.9 16.9 15.4 13.9 14.0
19.5 19.0 17.9 17.0 16.1
16.7 15.3 13.5 11.5 12.4
6.7 5.9 5.3 4.3 4.2
12.3 10.7 9.3 8.0 7.6
7.1 6.3 5.7 4.6 4.4
5.2 4.5 4.0 3.3 3.2
4.9 4.2 3.8 3.0 3.0
4.5 4.3 3.7 2.7 2.7
5.1 4.9 4.9 3.8 3.1
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
6.3 6.7 8.6 8.4 6.5
15.5 17.3 20.4 19.3 16.0
17.9 19.2 22.8 22.0 18.8
13.8 15.9 18.8 17.6 14.3
5.4 5.7 7.6 7.5 5.7
9.9 10.4 12.8 12.1 9.3
6.1 6.3 8.5 8.4 6.2
4.2 4.5 6.3 6.3 4.8
3.7 3.9 5.4 5.7 4.4
3.1 3.5 5.1 5.2 4.4
2.7 2.8 3.1 3.2 3.0
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
6.2 6.0 5.3 4.7 4.5
15.7 15.6 14.4 13.1 12.7
18.3 17.6 16.7 15.3 15.2
13.9 14.1 12.7 11.6 11.1
5.5 5.3 4.7 4.1 3.9
9.2 8.7 8.0 7.1 7.2
5.9 5.9 5.1 4.5 4.3
4.6 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.3
4.3 4.1 3.7 3.1 2.9
4.0 3.8 3.2 3.0 3.0
2.9 2.9 2.4 2.4 2.3
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
4.8 6.1 6.6 6.1 5.3
13.5 16.5 17.2 16.2 15.1
15.8 19.0 20.3 19.0 17.6
12.1 14.9 15.2 14.4 13.3
4.3 5.5 6.0 5.5 4.7
7.3 9.2 9.5 8.8 8.1
4.6 6.1 6.7 6.0 5.2
3.6 4.7 5.2 4.9 4.0
3.3 4.2 4.8 4.5 3.7
3.2 4.0 4.9 4.3 3.9
2.8 3.1 3.7 3.0 3.8
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
4.9 4.7 4.2 3.9 3.7
14.5 14.2 13.6 12.6 12.0
17.3 16.4 15.8 14.8 14.5
12.5 12.6 12.0 11.0 10.2
4.3 4.1 3.6 3.3 3.1
7.7 7.8 6.9 6.5 6.3
4.6 4.4 3.9 3.7 3.3
3.9 3.6 3.3 2.9 2.7
3.1 3.1 2.7 2.6 2.4
3.5 3.2 2.7 2.4 2.5
3.8 3.5 3.0 2.9 2.9
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3.5 4.2 5.1 5.2 4.8
11.4 12.7 14.5 15.2 15.0
13.9 15.3 16.7 17.2 17.9
9.8 11.0 13.2 13.9 13.1
3.0 3.7 4.6 4.7 4.3
5.9 7.0 8.1 8.4 7.9
3.2 4.1 5.2 5.3 4.7
2.6 3.2 4.1 4.3 3.9
2.2 2.8 3.7 3.7 3.4
2.4 2.9 3.7 3.8 3.6
2.8 2.8 3.5 3.7 3.3
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
103
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-29. Unemployment Rates of Civilian Workers by Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin, 1948–2004 —Continued (Percent of labor force.) 16 to 19 years Year, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Total
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
Black1 1972 ...................................................... 1973 ...................................................... 1974 ......................................................
10.4 9.4 10.5
35.4 31.5 35.0
38.7 37.0 40.0
33.6 28.1 31.8
7.9 7.2 8.0
16.3 15.5 17.5
8.7 8.1 8.5
6.1 4.7 5.4
4.2 3.5 4.3
4.1 3.2 3.6
4.3 3.5 3.9
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
14.8 14.0 14.0 12.8 12.3
39.5 39.3 41.1 38.7 36.5
41.6 44.2 44.5 43.9 40.2
38.1 36.7 39.2 35.7 34.4
12.3 11.5 11.5 10.2 10.1
24.5 22.7 24.2 21.8 20.6
13.0 12.8 12.7 10.8 10.8
8.9 8.0 7.4 6.4 6.7
8.3 6.7 5.3 5.2 5.2
5.9 5.9 5.5 4.8 4.9
6.6 5.9 5.9 5.8 5.3
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
14.3 15.6 18.9 19.5 15.9
38.5 41.4 48.0 48.5 42.7
41.1 44.8 48.6 50.5 45.7
37.1 39.5 47.8 47.6 41.2
12.1 13.4 16.6 17.3 13.9
23.6 26.4 30.6 31.6 26.1
13.3 14.7 19.0 19.0 15.2
8.2 9.5 12.1 12.4 9.9
6.8 7.4 8.7 10.7 8.2
5.4 5.5 8.3 9.2 7.4
6.9 7.0 7.1 9.2 6.5
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
15.1 14.5 13.0 11.7 11.4
40.2 39.3 34.7 32.4 32.4
43.6 43.0 39.7 35.1 32.9
38.3 37.2 31.6 30.7 32.2
13.1 12.7 11.3 10.2 9.9
24.5 24.1 21.8 19.6 18.0
14.5 14.0 12.8 11.9 11.5
9.5 9.6 8.4 7.5 7.6
8.2 7.1 6.8 5.9 5.6
7.0 6.6 5.6 4.8 5.2
7.0 4.5 3.9 5.5 6.9
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
11.4 12.5 14.2 13.0 11.5
30.9 36.1 39.7 38.8 35.2
36.5 39.5 44.7 39.7 36.1
27.8 34.4 37.1 38.4 34.6
10.1 11.1 12.6 11.4 10.0
19.9 21.6 23.8 21.9 19.5
11.7 12.7 14.2 12.6 11.1
7.8 8.5 10.5 9.5 8.5
5.3 7.4 8.3 6.9 5.6
4.6 4.4 6.2 7.1 5.4
5.3 5.2 4.9 4.7 6.2
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
10.4 10.5 10.0 8.9 8.0
35.7 33.6 32.4 27.6 27.9
39.1 36.3 35.0 33.6 31.0
33.4 31.7 30.8 24.2 26.2
8.7 9.0 8.6 7.7 6.8
17.7 18.8 18.3 16.8 14.6
9.9 10.5 9.9 8.4 7.6
7.3 7.3 7.0 6.5 5.3
4.8 5.0 5.0 4.4 4.0
4.0 4.4 4.2 3.9 3.9
6.7 5.3 6.1 5.6 5.0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
7.6 8.6 10.2 10.8 10.4
24.5 29.0 29.8 33.0 31.7
26.9 30.8 34.9 32.2 37.8
22.9 27.9 27.2 33.5 28.3
6.5 7.4 9.1 9.7 9.4
15.0 16.3 19.1 19.8 18.4
6.7 8.1 9.9 10.9 10.8
5.6 6.3 7.8 8.6 7.8
4.1 4.8 6.3 6.2 6.9
3.0 3.9 5.4 6.3 5.6
6.1 4.3 5.9 5.4 5.5
Hispanic 1973 ...................................................... 1974 ......................................................
7.5 8.1
19.7 19.8
23.4 23.5
17.3 17.2
6.0 6.6
8.5 9.8
5.7 6.3
5.6 5.9
4.7 4.6
5.5 6.1
3.9 6.3
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
12.2 11.5 10.1 9.1 8.3
27.7 23.8 22.9 20.7 19.2
30.0 29.2 27.0 28.3 26.0
26.5 19.2 19.6 15.1 14.9
10.3 10.1 8.5 7.7 7.0
16.7 15.9 12.0 10.9 10.4
9.9 9.1 8.6 8.0 6.7
8.6 8.2 6.1 6.5 6.2
8.1 8.4 7.3 5.8 5.2
7.7 8.8 8.2 5.0 6.0
9.9 12.6 9.2 7.5 5.7
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
10.1 10.4 13.8 13.7 10.7
22.5 23.9 29.9 28.4 24.1
27.6 28.0 38.1 33.8 28.9
19.5 21.7 25.9 25.8 21.6
8.6 9.1 12.3 12.3 9.5
12.1 13.9 17.7 16.7 12.4
9.1 8.8 12.3 11.9 9.7
7.7 7.4 10.7 11.3 8.2
5.7 6.4 8.4 10.0 7.5
5.9 7.3 10.1 10.9 9.7
6.0 5.4 6.5 5.8 6.1
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
10.5 10.6 8.8 8.2 8.0
24.3 24.7 22.3 22.0 19.4
27.8 28.1 27.7 27.1 26.4
22.5 22.9 19.5 19.3 16.0
9.4 9.5 7.8 7.0 7.2
12.6 12.9 10.6 9.8 10.7
9.9 9.6 7.7 7.1 7.0
7.7 8.4 6.7 6.0 5.9
7.4 7.8 6.9 6.0 6.3
7.8 7.3 6.0 5.8 5.8
8.1 10.1 6.5 5.6 5.3
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
8.2 10.0 11.6 10.8 9.9
19.5 22.9 27.5 26.1 24.5
24.5 31.9 35.7 35.1 31.7
16.9 18.7 23.4 21.8 20.6
7.2 9.0 10.4 9.7 8.9
9.1 11.6 13.2 13.1 11.8
7.3 9.2 10.4 9.3 9.0
6.6 8.1 9.8 9.1 7.7
6.4 8.0 8.8 8.6 8.1
5.6 6.5 8.6 8.0 7.3
6.0 7.0 8.1 6.6 7.9
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
9.3 8.9 7.7 7.2 6.4
24.1 23.6 21.6 21.3 18.6
33.1 30.0 27.7 28.0 23.7
19.5 20.3 18.4 18.1 16.3
8.2 7.8 6.8 6.1 5.5
11.5 11.8 10.3 9.4 8.3
8.2 7.3 6.3 5.9 5.4
7.2 7.3 6.4 5.5 4.8
6.4 6.0 5.1 4.6 4.8
7.5 7.3 6.5 5.3 4.5
10.6 8.2 6.8 6.4 5.0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5.7 6.6 7.5 7.7 7.0
16.6 17.7 20.1 20.0 20.4
22.5 24.0 24.2 24.6 29.0
13.9 15.0 18.2 17.7 16.8
4.9 5.8 6.7 7.0 6.2
7.5 8.1 9.9 10.2 9.3
4.8 5.9 6.6 7.0 6.3
4.5 5.2 6.0 6.0 5.3
3.3 4.3 5.5 6.3 5.2
4.5 5.6 5.7 5.7 5.8
5.7 4.5 6.8 3.9 6.0
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
104
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-29. Unemployment Rates of Civilian Workers by Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin, 1948–2004 —Continued (Percent of labor force.) 16 to 19 years Year, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Total
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
White Men1 1954 ......................................................
4.8
13.4
14.0
13.0
4.4
9.8
4.2
3.6
3.8
4.3
4.2
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3.7 3.4 3.6 6.1 4.6
11.3 10.5 11.5 15.7 14.0
12.2 11.2 11.9 14.9 15.0
10.4 9.7 11.1 16.5 13.0
3.3 3.0 3.2 5.5 4.1
7.0 6.1 7.0 11.7 7.5
2.7 2.8 2.7 5.6 3.8
2.6 2.2 2.5 4.4 3.2
2.9 2.8 3.0 4.8 3.7
3.9 3.1 3.4 5.2 4.2
3.8 3.4 3.2 5.0 4.5
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
4.8 5.7 4.6 4.7 4.1
14.0 15.7 13.7 15.9 14.7
14.6 16.5 15.2 17.8 16.1
13.5 15.2 12.7 14.2 13.3
4.2 5.1 4.0 3.9 3.4
8.3 10.1 8.1 7.8 7.4
4.1 4.9 3.8 3.9 3.0
3.3 4.0 3.1 2.9 2.5
3.6 4.4 3.5 3.3 2.9
4.1 5.3 4.1 4.0 3.5
4.0 5.2 4.0 4.1 3.6
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3.6 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.5
12.9 10.5 10.7 10.1 10.0
14.7 12.5 12.7 12.3 12.5
11.3 8.9 9.0 8.3 7.9
2.9 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.9
5.9 4.1 4.2 4.6 4.6
2.6 2.1 1.9 1.7 1.7
2.3 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.4
2.3 1.7 1.8 1.5 1.4
3.1 2.5 2.2 1.7 1.7
3.4 3.0 2.7 2.8 2.2
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
4.0 4.9 4.5 3.8 4.4
13.7 15.1 14.2 12.3 13.5
15.7 17.1 16.4 15.2 16.2
12.0 13.5 12.4 10.0 11.5
3.2 4.0 3.6 3.0 3.5
7.8 9.4 8.5 6.6 7.8
3.1 4.0 3.4 3.0 3.6
2.3 2.9 2.5 1.8 2.4
2.3 2.9 2.5 2.0 2.2
2.7 3.2 3.0 2.4 2.5
3.2 3.4 3.3 2.9 3.0
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
7.2 6.4 5.5 4.6 4.5
18.3 17.3 15.0 13.5 13.9
19.7 19.7 17.6 16.9 16.1
17.2 15.5 13.0 10.8 12.2
6.2 5.4 4.7 3.7 3.6
13.1 10.9 9.3 7.7 7.5
6.3 5.6 5.0 3.8 3.7
4.5 3.7 3.1 2.5 2.5
4.4 3.7 3.0 2.5 2.5
4.1 4.0 3.3 2.6 2.5
5.0 4.7 4.9 3.9 3.2
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
6.1 6.5 8.8 8.8 6.4
16.2 17.9 21.7 20.2 16.8
18.5 19.9 24.2 22.6 19.7
14.5 16.4 20.0 18.7 15.0
5.3 5.6 7.8 7.9 5.7
11.1 11.6 14.3 13.8 9.8
5.9 6.1 8.9 9.0 6.2
3.6 4.0 6.2 6.4 4.6
3.3 3.6 5.3 5.7 4.2
3.1 3.4 5.1 5.6 4.7
2.5 2.4 3.2 3.2 2.6
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
6.1 6.0 5.4 4.7 4.5
16.5 16.3 15.5 13.9 13.7
19.2 18.4 17.9 16.1 16.4
14.7 14.7 13.7 12.4 12.0
5.4 5.3 4.8 4.1 3.9
9.7 9.2 8.4 7.4 7.5
5.7 5.8 5.2 4.6 4.1
4.3 4.4 3.9 3.4 3.2
4.1 4.0 3.9 3.2 2.9
4.0 4.0 3.4 3.3 3.1
2.7 3.0 2.5 2.2 2.1
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
4.9 6.5 7.0 6.3 5.4
14.3 17.6 18.5 17.7 16.3
16.1 19.7 21.5 20.2 18.5
13.2 16.3 16.5 16.0 14.7
4.3 5.8 6.4 5.7 4.8
7.6 10.2 10.5 9.6 8.8
4.7 6.4 7.0 6.2 5.2
3.5 5.0 5.5 5.0 3.9
3.4 4.4 5.1 4.7 3.7
3.6 4.6 5.5 4.7 4.1
2.8 3.1 3.2 2.9 3.7
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
4.9 4.7 4.2 3.9 3.6
15.6 15.5 14.3 14.1 12.6
18.2 18.3 16.3 17.1 15.1
13.8 13.5 12.9 12.1 10.8
4.3 4.1 3.6 3.2 3.0
7.9 8.1 7.3 6.7 6.5
4.5 4.2 3.7 3.5 3.1
3.8 3.5 3.2 2.6 2.4
3.2 3.1 2.8 2.6 2.4
3.4 3.2 3.0 2.6 2.6
4.0 3.2 2.7 2.9 2.9
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3.4 4.2 5.3 5.6 5.0
12.3 13.9 15.9 17.1 16.3
15.3 17.4 18.8 18.5 19.8
10.4 11.7 14.2 16.1 14.2
2.8 3.7 4.7 5.0 4.4
5.9 7.8 8.7 9.1 8.5
2.9 3.8 5.3 5.5 4.8
2.4 3.1 4.1 4.4 3.8
2.2 2.9 3.8 4.0 3.5
2.4 3.2 4.0 4.2 3.7
3.0 2.8 3.4 3.8 3.5
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
105
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-29. Unemployment Rates of Civilian Workers by Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin, 1948–2004 —Continued (Percent of labor force.) 16 to 19 years Year, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Total
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
White Women1 1954 ......................................................
5.5
10.4
12.0
9.4
5.1
6.4
5.7
4.9
4.4
4.5
2.8
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
4.3 4.2 4.3 6.2 5.3
9.1 9.7 9.5 12.7 12.0
11.6 12.1 11.9 15.6 13.3
7.7 8.3 7.8 11.0 11.1
3.9 3.7 3.8 5.6 4.7
5.1 5.1 5.1 7.3 7.0
4.3 4.0 4.7 6.6 5.2
3.8 3.5 3.7 5.6 4.7
3.4 3.3 3.0 4.9 3.9
3.6 3.5 2.9 4.3 4.0
2.2 2.3 3.4 3.5 2.9
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5.3 6.5 5.5 5.8 5.5
12.7 14.8 12.8 15.1 14.9
14.5 17.0 15.6 18.1 17.1
11.5 13.6 11.3 13.2 13.2
4.6 5.7 4.7 4.8 4.6
7.2 8.4 7.7 7.4 7.1
5.7 6.6 5.4 5.8 5.2
4.2 5.6 4.5 4.6 4.5
4.0 4.8 3.7 3.9 3.6
3.3 4.3 3.5 3.5 3.5
2.8 3.8 4.0 3.3 3.4
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5.0 4.3 4.6 4.3 4.2
14.0 12.1 11.5 12.1 11.5
15.0 14.5 12.9 13.9 13.7
13.4 10.7 10.6 11.0 10.0
4.0 3.3 3.8 3.4 3.4
6.3 5.3 6.0 5.9 5.5
4.9 3.7 4.7 3.9 4.2
4.1 3.3 3.7 3.1 3.2
3.0 2.7 2.9 2.3 2.4
2.7 2.2 2.3 2.1 2.1
2.7 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.4
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5.4 6.3 5.9 5.3 6.1
13.4 15.1 14.2 13.0 14.5
15.3 16.7 17.0 15.8 16.4
11.9 14.1 12.3 10.9 13.0
4.4 5.3 4.9 4.3 5.1
6.9 8.5 8.2 7.1 8.2
5.3 6.3 5.5 5.1 5.8
4.3 4.9 4.4 3.7 4.3
3.4 3.9 3.5 3.2 3.6
2.6 3.3 3.3 2.7 3.2
3.3 3.6 3.7 2.8 3.9
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
8.6 7.9 7.3 6.2 5.9
17.4 16.4 15.9 14.4 14.0
19.2 18.2 18.2 17.1 15.9
16.1 15.1 14.2 12.4 12.5
7.5 6.8 6.2 5.2 5.0
11.2 10.4 9.3 8.3 7.8
8.4 7.6 6.7 5.8 5.6
6.5 5.8 5.3 4.5 4.2
5.8 5.0 5.0 3.8 3.7
5.0 4.8 4.4 3.0 3.0
5.3 5.3 4.9 3.7 3.1
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
6.5 6.9 8.3 7.9 6.5
14.8 16.6 19.0 18.3 15.2
17.3 18.4 21.2 21.4 17.8
13.1 15.3 17.6 16.4 13.6
5.6 5.9 7.3 6.9 5.8
8.5 9.1 10.9 10.3 8.8
6.3 6.6 8.0 7.6 6.1
4.9 5.1 6.4 6.2 5.0
4.3 4.2 5.5 5.5 4.8
3.1 3.7 5.0 4.7 4.0
3.0 3.4 3.1 3.1 3.7
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
6.4 6.1 5.2 4.7 4.5
14.8 14.9 13.4 12.3 11.5
17.2 16.7 15.5 14.4 13.8
13.1 13.6 11.7 10.8 10.1
5.7 5.4 4.6 4.1 4.0
8.5 8.1 7.4 6.7 6.8
6.2 6.1 5.0 4.5 4.5
4.9 4.5 4.1 3.7 3.4
4.5 4.3 3.3 3.1 2.9
4.1 3.7 2.9 2.5 2.7
3.1 2.6 2.4 2.6 2.5
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
4.7 5.6 6.1 5.7 5.2
12.6 15.2 15.8 14.7 13.8
15.5 18.2 18.9 17.8 16.6
10.9 13.3 13.7 12.6 11.8
4.1 5.0 5.5 5.2 4.6
6.8 8.1 8.3 7.9 7.4
4.6 5.7 6.2 5.8 5.1
3.7 4.3 4.9 4.7 4.2
3.2 4.0 4.3 4.3 3.7
2.7 3.3 4.0 3.9 3.7
2.8 3.1 4.5 3.0 3.9
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
4.8 4.7 4.2 3.9 3.8
13.4 12.9 12.8 10.9 11.3
16.4 14.4 15.2 12.4 13.9
11.2 11.7 11.1 9.8 9.6
4.3 4.1 3.7 3.4 3.3
7.4 7.4 6.4 6.3 6.1
4.7 4.6 4.2 3.9 3.6
3.9 3.8 3.4 3.3 3.0
3.0 3.1 2.6 2.5 2.3
3.5 3.1 2.4 2.2 2.5
3.5 3.8 3.4 3.0 2.9
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3.6 4.1 4.9 4.8 4.7
10.4 11.4 13.1 13.3 13.6
12.5 13.1 14.6 15.9 16.1
9.0 10.2 12.1 11.5 11.9
3.1 3.6 4.4 4.4 4.2
5.8 6.1 7.4 7.6 7.1
3.5 4.5 5.0 4.9 4.6
2.9 3.3 4.1 4.2 3.9
2.3 2.7 3.5 3.3 3.3
2.4 2.5 3.3 3.4 3.5
2.4 2.7 3.5 3.5 3.1
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
106
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-29. Unemployment Rates of Civilian Workers by Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin, 1948–2004 —Continued (Percent of labor force.) 16 to 19 years
Year, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
Black Men1 1972 ...................................................... 1973 ...................................................... 1974 ......................................................
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Total
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
9.3 8.0 9.8
31.7 27.8 33.1
36.7 35.7 39.9
28.4 23.0 28.3
7.0 6.0 7.4
14.9 13.2 16.2
7.2 6.2 8.1
4.8 3.9 4.3
3.8 3.2 4.2
4.4 3.2 3.6
5.4 3.3 5.3
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
14.8 13.7 13.3 11.8 11.4
38.1 37.5 39.2 36.7 34.2
41.9 40.8 41.0 43.0 37.9
35.9 36.0 38.2 32.9 32.2
12.5 11.4 10.7 9.3 9.3
24.7 22.6 23.0 21.0 18.7
12.7 12.0 11.8 9.8 9.6
8.7 7.5 6.2 5.1 6.3
9.3 7.3 4.9 4.9 5.2
6.3 6.3 6.0 4.4 5.1
8.7 8.7 7.8 6.6 6.4
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
14.5 15.7 20.1 20.3 16.4
37.5 40.7 48.9 48.8 42.7
39.7 43.2 52.7 52.2 44.0
36.2 39.2 47.1 47.3 42.2
12.4 13.5 17.8 18.1 14.3
23.7 26.4 31.5 31.4 26.6
13.4 14.4 20.1 19.4 15.0
8.2 9.3 13.4 13.5 10.4
7.2 7.8 9.0 11.4 7.9
6.2 6.1 10.3 11.0 8.9
8.7 7.5 9.3 11.8 7.9
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
15.3 14.8 12.7 11.7 11.5
41.0 39.3 34.4 32.7 31.9
42.9 41.4 39.0 34.4 34.4
40.0 38.2 31.6 31.7 30.3
13.2 12.9 11.1 10.1 10.0
23.5 23.5 20.3 19.4 17.9
13.8 13.5 12.2 11.0 10.5
9.6 10.9 8.7 7.6 8.4
9.7 7.8 6.7 6.2 6.2
7.9 8.0 6.6 5.2 6.2
8.9 4.3 4.3 5.6 7.4
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
11.9 13.0 15.2 13.8 12.0
31.9 36.3 42.0 40.1 37.6
38.8 39.0 47.5 42.7 39.3
28.0 34.8 39.1 38.6 36.5
10.4 11.5 13.5 12.1 10.3
20.1 22.4 24.6 23.0 19.4
11.5 11.9 14.2 12.3 10.6
8.4 9.5 11.2 10.5 9.1
6.3 8.6 10.3 8.1 6.5
5.4 5.0 8.1 9.0 6.0
4.6 6.1 4.9 5.8 8.2
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
10.6 11.1 10.2 8.9 8.2
37.1 36.9 36.5 30.1 30.9
39.7 39.9 39.5 33.9 33.3
35.4 34.9 34.4 27.9 29.4
8.8 9.4 8.5 7.4 6.7
17.6 19.2 19.8 18.0 16.2
9.3 10.1 8.7 7.3 6.9
7.6 7.8 6.7 6.2 5.2
5.5 6.3 5.6 4.4 4.3
4.4 5.2 4.2 4.5 3.9
7.6 5.0 5.5 5.2 5.0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
8.0 9.3 10.7 11.6 11.1
26.2 30.4 31.3 36.0 35.6
28.5 30.5 36.6 35.6 40.8
24.7 30.4 28.7 36.3 32.7
6.9 8.0 9.5 10.3 9.9
16.6 17.6 20.0 20.9 20.3
6.7 8.3 9.4 11.3 10.9
5.8 6.9 8.0 9.2 8.0
4.8 5.5 7.4 6.7 7.2
2.7 4.8 6.1 6.8 6.4
6.3 4.0 5.0 5.6 4.2
Black Women1 1972 ...................................................... 1973 ...................................................... 1974 ......................................................
11.8 11.1 11.3
40.5 36.1 37.4
42.0 38.6 40.2
40.1 34.2 36.0
9.0 8.6 8.8
17.9 18.4 19.0
10.5 10.3 9.0
7.6 5.6 6.6
4.6 3.9 4.4
3.7 3.3 3.6
2.6 3.7 1.9
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
14.8 14.3 14.9 13.8 13.3
41.0 41.6 43.4 40.8 39.1
41.2 48.4 49.5 45.0 42.7
40.6 37.6 40.4 38.7 36.9
12.2 11.7 12.3 11.2 10.9
24.3 22.8 25.5 22.7 22.6
13.4 13.6 13.6 11.9 12.1
9.0 8.5 8.7 7.8 7.2
7.0 5.9 5.8 5.6 5.2
5.3 5.4 4.8 5.2 4.7
3.6 2.4 3.4 4.7 3.9
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
14.0 15.6 17.6 18.6 15.4
39.8 42.2 47.1 48.2 42.6
42.9 46.5 44.2 48.6 47.5
38.2 39.8 48.6 48.0 40.2
11.9 13.4 15.4 16.5 13.5
23.5 26.4 29.6 31.8 25.6
13.2 14.9 17.8 18.6 15.4
8.2 9.8 10.7 11.4 9.4
6.4 6.9 8.5 9.9 8.6
4.5 4.7 6.1 7.3 5.9
4.9 6.0 4.5 6.3 4.9
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
14.9 14.2 13.2 11.7 11.4
39.2 39.2 34.9 32.0 33.0
44.3 44.6 40.5 35.9 31.1
36.4 36.1 31.7 29.6 34.0
13.1 12.4 11.6 10.4 9.8
25.6 24.7 23.3 19.8 18.1
15.1 14.6 13.5 12.7 12.5
9.3 8.5 8.1 7.4 7.0
6.8 6.4 6.9 5.6 5.0
6.0 5.0 4.5 4.3 4.2
5.2 4.9 3.4 5.4 6.4
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
10.9 12.0 13.2 12.1 11.0
29.9 36.0 37.2 37.4 32.6
34.1 40.1 41.7 36.1 32.9
27.6 33.9 34.8 38.1 32.5
9.7 10.6 11.8 10.7 9.8
19.6 20.7 23.1 20.9 19.6
11.9 13.4 14.1 12.9 11.7
7.2 7.6 9.8 8.6 8.0
4.3 6.2 6.4 5.8 4.9
3.6 3.8 4.2 5.1 4.9
5.9 4.4 5.0 3.6 4.4
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
10.2 10.0 9.9 9.0 7.8
34.3 30.3 28.7 25.3 25.1
38.5 32.8 30.3 33.2 28.5
31.5 28.6 27.8 20.9 23.3
8.6 8.7 8.8 7.9 6.8
17.8 18.4 17.1 15.7 13.4
10.5 11.0 10.9 9.5 8.3
7.0 6.9 7.2 6.7 5.5
4.2 3.8 4.4 4.3 3.8
3.6 3.8 4.1 3.4 3.9
... 5.6 6.6 6.1 5.0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
7.1 8.1 9.8 10.2 9.8
22.8 27.5 28.3 30.3 28.2
25.3 31.2 33.2 29.1 35.2
21.3 25.4 25.6 31.1 24.3
6.2 7.0 8.8 9.2 8.9
13.6 15.3 18.3 18.8 16.6
6.8 8.0 10.2 10.5 10.7
5.5 5.8 7.7 8.1 7.6
3.4 4.3 5.3 5.8 6.5
3.3 3.1 4.7 5.9 4.8
6.0 4.6 6.9 5.3 6.8
1Beginning in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race. . . . = Not available.
107
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-29. Unemployment Rates of Civilian Workers by Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin, 1948–2004 —Continued (Percent of labor force.) 16 to 19 years Year, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
Hispanic Men 1973 ...................................................... 1974 ......................................................
16 years and over
Total
16 to 17 years
20 years and over 18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
Total
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 years and over
6.7 7.3
19.0 19.0
20.9 22.0
17.7 17.1
5.4 6.0
8.2 9.9
5.0 5.5
4.2 5.0
4.5 4.3
5.4 5.4
... ...
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
11.4 10.8 9.0 7.7 7.0
27.6 23.3 20.9 19.7 17.5
29.3 28.7 25.9 27.5 23.5
26.5 19.7 18.2 13.9 13.8
9.6 9.4 7.7 6.4 5.8
16.3 16.0 11.7 9.4 9.2
9.6 8.1 7.9 6.6 5.3
7.9 7.0 4.9 4.8 5.1
7.0 7.4 5.4 4.8 4.4
6.8 8.7 7.4 4.4 5.0
... ... ... ... ...
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
9.7 10.2 13.6 13.6 10.5
21.9 24.3 31.3 28.7 25.2
26.2 30.9 40.2 34.7 31.5
19.3 20.3 26.8 25.9 22.2
8.3 8.8 12.1 12.2 9.3
12.2 14.1 18.2 17.0 12.5
8.3 8.9 12.4 11.6 9.2
7.1 6.5 9.9 10.8 7.6
6.0 5.9 7.5 10.3 7.2
5.9 6.7 10.0 11.7 10.2
... ... ... ... ...
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
10.2 10.5 8.7 8.1 7.6
24.7 24.5 22.2 22.7 20.2
29.1 28.5 28.2 29.5 27.6
22.4 22.4 19.3 19.5 16.8
9.1 9.5 7.8 7.0 6.6
12.9 13.0 10.2 9.2 9.7
9.6 9.5 7.6 7.0 5.9
7.2 8.5 6.9 5.9 5.7
6.8 7.0 7.1 6.1 6.0
7.0 8.0 6.7 6.7 6.6
... ... ... ... ...
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
8.0 10.3 11.7 10.6 9.4
19.5 23.5 28.2 25.9 26.3
24.0 33.6 36.6 34.5 33.3
17.4 19.2 24.0 21.9 22.5
7.0 9.3 10.5 9.5 8.3
8.4 11.6 13.7 12.6 10.8
6.9 9.3 10.1 9.0 8.4
6.5 8.5 9.8 8.8 6.6
6.8 7.9 8.9 8.8 8.1
6.5 8.1 10.2 8.5 7.4
... ... ... ... 10.5
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
8.8 7.9 7.0 6.4 5.6
25.3 22.5 20.8 20.6 17.8
34.8 31.5 26.5 29.0 23.4
20.2 18.4 17.9 16.4 15.3
7.7 6.9 6.1 5.4 4.7
10.6 10.3 9.8 8.9 7.8
7.5 6.6 5.1 5.2 4.1
6.7 6.3 5.4 4.5 3.8
5.9 5.1 4.8 4.2 4.5
7.9 6.7 6.8 5.3 4.6
12.9 8.3 7.2 5.0 5.0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5.0 5.9 7.2 7.2 6.5
15.7 17.1 20.2 21.9 21.2
22.3 25.8 22.9 25.9 30.7
12.8 13.4 19.1 20.1 17.6
4.2 5.2 6.4 6.4 5.8
6.6 8.1 9.3 9.6 9.4
3.7 4.6 6.1 6.3 5.5
3.8 4.5 5.4 5.3 4.5
3.1 3.8 5.5 6.0 4.7
4.1 6.3 6.2 6.0 5.7
6.2 4.8 6.3 3.6 6.9
Hispanic Women 1973 ...................................................... 1974 ......................................................
9.0 9.4
20.7 20.8
26.8 25.3
16.7 17.4
7.3 7.7
9.0 9.7
6.9 7.7
8.3 7.5
5.1 5.3
5.6 7.5
... ...
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
13.5 12.7 11.9 11.3 10.3
27.9 22.2 24.4 21.8 21.2
31.0 30.3 28.5 29.9 30.0
26.4 18.7 21.9 16.6 15.8
11.5 11.4 10.1 9.8 8.9
17.2 15.8 12.1 13.0 12.1
10.5 10.8 9.8 10.3 8.9
9.9 10.0 8.2 9.2 7.7
10.0 9.8 10.6 7.4 7.1
9.3 9.0 11.0 7.2 7.9
... ... ... ... ...
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
10.7 10.8 14.1 13.8 11.1
23.4 23.4 28.2 28.0 22.8
29.7 23.5 35.1 32.5 26.1
19.8 23.4 25.0 25.7 21.0
9.2 9.5 12.5 12.4 9.9
12.0 13.5 16.8 16.2 12.2
10.6 8.7 12.2 12.5 10.3
8.6 8.9 11.9 12.2 9.1
5.3 7.2 9.9 9.7 7.9
5.8 8.4 10.4 9.6 8.8
... ... ... ... ...
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
11.0 10.8 8.9 8.3 8.8
23.8 25.1 22.4 21.0 18.2
26.2 27.6 27.1 24.5 24.7
22.6 23.6 19.9 18.9 14.9
9.9 9.6 7.7 7.1 8.0
12.1 12.9 11.4 10.7 12.2
10.6 9.8 7.8 7.2 8.6
8.5 8.2 6.5 6.2 6.3
8.1 8.9 6.7 5.9 6.7
9.2 6.2 5.0 4.6 4.5
... ... ... ... ...
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
8.4 9.6 11.4 11.0 10.7
19.4 21.9 26.4 26.3 22.2
25.4 29.6 34.5 36.0 29.7
16.2 17.9 22.4 21.7 18.1
7.5 8.6 10.2 9.9 9.8
10.4 11.7 12.4 14.0 13.5
8.0 9.1 11.0 9.9 10.1
6.7 7.6 9.7 9.5 9.2
6.0 8.1 8.5 8.3 8.0
4.3 4.1 6.2 7.2 7.1
... ... ... ... 3.6
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
10.0 10.2 8.9 8.2 7.6
22.6 25.1 22.7 22.1 19.8
30.7 28.2 29.2 26.4 24.0
18.7 23.3 19.1 20.2 17.7
8.9 9.2 7.9 7.1 6.6
13.0 14.1 11.0 10.1 9.1
9.5 8.5 8.2 7.2 7.3
7.9 8.7 7.7 6.9 6.3
7.0 7.2 5.5 5.1 5.1
6.8 8.1 6.1 5.4 4.3
6.4 8.0 6.0 8.8 4.8
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
6.8 7.5 8.0 8.4 7.6
18.0 18.5 19.9 17.7 19.3
22.7 21.6 25.8 23.2 27.0
15.6 17.1 17.0 14.4 15.5
5.9 6.6 7.2 7.8 7.0
9.0 8.2 10.8 11.3 9.1
6.4 7.8 7.4 8.2 7.6
5.4 6.2 6.7 7.1 6.4
3.6 4.8 5.5 6.8 5.8
5.0 4.8 5.0 5.3 5.8
4.8 4.0 7.5 4.4 4.6
Note: Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. . . . = Not available.
108
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-30. Unemployed Persons and Unemployment Rates by Occupation, New Series, 2000–2004 (Thousands of people, percent of civilian labor force.) Occupation
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Total Unemployed Persons, 16 Years and Over 1 ............................ Management, professional, and related occupations ........................... Management, business, and financial operations occupations ......... Professional and related occupations ............................................... Service occupations .............................................................................. Sales and office occupations ................................................................ Sales and related occupations .......................................................... Office and administrative support occupations ................................. Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations .......... Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ...................................... Construction and extraction occupations .......................................... Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ............................ Production, transportation, and material moving occupations .............. Production occupations .................................................................... Transportation and material moving occupations .............................
5 692 827 320 507 1 132 1 446 673 773 758 133 507 119 1 081 575 505
6 801 1 102 455 647 1 311 1 652 779 873 943 163 626 154 1 318 759 559
8 378 1 482 622 859 1 544 2 110 998 1 112 1 155 142 788 225 1 530 848 682
8 774 1 556 627 929 1 681 2 070 995 1 076 1 244 136 814 295 1 555 807 748
8 149 1 346 544 801 1 617 1 937 912 1 025 1 140 132 786 222 1 393 714 679
Total Unemployment Rate, 16 Years and Over 1 .............................. Management, professional, and related occupations ........................... Management, business, and financial operations occupations ......... Professional and related occupations ............................................... Service occupations .............................................................................. Sales and office occupations ................................................................ Sales and related occupations .......................................................... Office and administrative support occupations ................................. Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations .......... Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ...................................... Construction and extraction occupations .......................................... Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ............................ Production, transportation, and material moving occupations .............. Production occupations .................................................................... Transportation and material moving occupations .............................
4.0 1.8 1.6 1.9 5.2 3.8 4.1 3.6 5.3 10.2 6.2 2.4 5.1 4.8 5.6
4.7 2.3 2.2 2.3 5.8 4.4 4.7 4.2 6.4 13.4 7.3 3.2 6.4 6.6 6.2
5.8 3.0 3.0 3.0 6.6 5.6 5.9 5.4 7.8 12.0 9.1 4.6 7.6 7.8 7.4
6.0 3.1 3.1 3.2 7.1 5.5 5.9 5.2 8.1 11.4 9.1 5.5 7.9 7.7 8.2
5.5 2.7 2.6 2.8 6.6 5.2 5.4 5.0 7.3 11.8 8.4 4.2 7.2 7.0 7.4
1Includes
people with no work experience and those whose last job was in the armed forces.
109
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-31. Unemployed Persons and Unemployment Rates by Occupation, Old Series, 1988–1999 (Thousands of people, percent of civilian labor force.) Occupation
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
Unemployed Persons, Total, 16 Years and Over 1 ................ Managerial and professional specialty ....................................... Executive, administrative, and managerial ............................. Professional specialty ............................................................. Technical, sales, and administrative support ............................. Technicians and related support ............................................ Sales occupations .................................................................. Administrative support, including clerical ............................... Service occupations ................................................................... Private household ................................................................... Protective service ................................................................... Service, except private household and protective .................. Precision production, craft, and repair ........................................ Mechanics and repairers ........................................................ Construction trades ................................................................ Other precision production, craft, and repair .......................... Operators, fabricators, and laborers ........................................... Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .................... Transportation and material moving occupations ................... Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ............ Construction laborers ......................................................... Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ............................................................................ Farming, forestry, and fishing .....................................................
6 701 577 311 266 1 479 95 652 732 1 136 54 81 1 000 773 166 405 202 1 620 673 317 630 192
6 528 614 348 265 1 470 90 643 738 1 088 55 74 960 762 161 428 173 1 578 678 306 594 152
7 047 666 350 316 1 641 116 720 804 1 139 47 74 1 018 861 175 483 202 1 714 727 329 657 177
8 628 889 494 395 1 977 133 857 988 1 330 56 101 1 172 1 149 246 655 248 2 062 903 398 761 204
9 613 1 009 576 433 2 308 176 985 1 147 1 461 66 108 1 287 1 294 281 730 284 2 151 922 428 802 200
8 940 984 527 457 2 111 165 927 1 020 1 401 65 108 1 228 1 155 258 631 266 1 926 816 404 706 172
7 996 907 454 453 1 962 127 907 928 1 471 91 96 1 285 910 201 518 191 1 761 672 364 725 172
7 404 880 420 460 1 744 113 795 836 1 378 99 86 1 193 860 182 501 177 1 618 629 329 660 179
7 236 869 431 438 1 766 114 843 810 1 334 79 84 1 170 795 174 456 165 1 570 654 292 625 158
6 739 761 359 403 1 646 104 814 728 1 255 73 89 1 093 719 167 406 145 1 490 551 306 633 167
6 210 722 343 380 1 550 96 745 710 1 216 74 85 1 057 630 149 338 143 1 304 494 279 531 136
5 880 770 376 394 1 477 101 714 662 1 081 67 72 943 607 136 330 142 1 207 440 235 532 140
439 260
442 234
481 237
556 299
601 320
534 310
552 333
481 311
467 293
467 267
395 244
392 249
Unemployment Rate, Total, 16 Years and Over 1 .................. Managerial and professional specialty ....................................... Executive, administrative, and managerial ............................. Professional specialty ............................................................. Technical, sales, and administrative support ............................. Technicians and related support ............................................ Sales occupations .................................................................. Administrative support, including clerical ............................... Service occupations ................................................................... Private household ................................................................... Protective service ................................................................... Service, except private household and protective .................. Precision production, craft, and repair ........................................ Mechanics and repairers ........................................................ Construction trades ................................................................ Other precision production, craft, and repair .......................... Operators, fabricators, and laborers ........................................... Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .................... Transportation and material moving occupations ................... Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ............ Construction laborers ......................................................... Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ............................................................................ Farming, forestry, and fishing .....................................................
5.5 1.9 2.1 1.7 4.0 2.6 4.5 3.9 6.9 5.7 4.0 7.4 5.4 3.6 7.4 4.7 8.3 7.7 6.2 11.5 19.4
5.3 2.0 2.3 1.7 3.9 2.4 4.4 3.9 6.5 5.9 3.6 7.0 5.2 3.4 7.7 4.0 8.0 7.6 5.9 10.8 16.8
5.6 2.1 2.3 2.0 4.3 2.9 4.8 4.1 6.6 5.6 3.6 7.1 5.9 3.8 8.5 4.7 8.7 8.1 6.3 11.6 18.1
6.8 2.8 3.2 2.4 5.2 3.4 5.7 5.1 7.6 6.5 4.6 8.1 8.0 5.2 11.9 5.9 10.6 10.4 7.5 13.9 22.1
7.5 3.1 3.8 2.6 5.9 4.0 6.6 5.8 8.2 6.9 4.9 8.8 8.9 5.9 13.1 6.7 11.1 10.7 8.0 14.6 22.9
6.9 3.0 3.3 2.6 5.4 3.9 6.1 5.2 7.7 6.5 4.7 8.2 7.9 5.5 11.1 6.3 10.0 9.7 7.4 12.9 20.3
6.1 2.6 2.7 2.5 5.0 3.2 5.8 4.7 8.0 10.0 4.1 8.5 6.3 4.3 9.4 4.5 9.0 8.0 6.6 12.7 18.9
5.6 2.4 2.4 2.5 4.5 2.8 5.0 4.3 7.5 10.7 3.7 7.9 6.0 4.0 9.0 4.2 8.2 7.4 6.0 11.7 18.7
5.4 2.3 2.4 2.3 4.5 2.8 5.2 4.2 7.2 9.0 3.7 7.6 5.5 3.7 8.2 4.0 7.9 7.7 5.2 11.1 16.3
4.9 2.0 1.9 2.1 4.1 2.4 4.9 3.8 6.7 8.4 3.7 7.0 4.8 3.5 7.0 3.4 7.5 6.5 5.4 11.1 17.1
4.5 1.8 1.8 1.9 3.9 2.2 4.5 3.7 6.4 8.0 3.4 6.8 4.2 3.0 5.7 3.4 6.7 6.0 4.9 9.4 14.2
4.2 1.9 1.9 1.9 3.7 2.3 4.2 3.5 5.7 7.4 2.9 6.0 4.0 2.7 5.4 3.5 6.2 5.6 4.1 9.2 13.2
9.7 7.0
9.7 6.4
10.3 6.4
12.2 7.9
13.0 8.3
11.6 8.4
11.5 8.4
10.3 7.9
10.0 7.6
9.9 7.1
8.4 6.5
8.3 6.8
1Includes
a small number of persons whose last job was in the armed forces.
110
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-32. Unemployed Persons by Industry and Class of Worker, New Series, 2000–2004 (Thousands of people.) Industry and class of worker
Total, 16 Years and Over ................................................................ Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers ............................. Mining ........................................................................................... Construction ................................................................................. Manufacturing ............................................................................... Durable goods .......................................................................... Nondurable goods .................................................................... Wholesale trade and retail trade ................................................... Transportation and utilities ........................................................... Information .................................................................................... Financial activities ........................................................................ Professional and business services ............................................. Education and health services ...................................................... Leisure and hospitality .................................................................. Other services .............................................................................. Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers ................. Government workers ........................................................................ Self-employed and unpaid family members .....................................
Note: See "Notes and Definitions" for information on historical comparability.
2000
2001
5 692 4 483 21 513 691 400 290 837 193 124 208 573 383 720 219 134 422 219
2002
6 801 5 540 23 609 992 630 362 945 236 190 252 768 463 833 229 153 430 218
2003
8 378 6 926 33 800 1 205 789 416 1 202 274 253 320 1 009 570 961 301 139 512 265
2004
8 774 7 131 37 810 1 166 762 404 1 237 283 246 319 1 042 640 1 006 347 140 568 294
8 149 6 484 21 769 966 590 375 1 197 236 189 332 861 617 972 324 129 548 303
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
111
Table 1-33. Unemployed Persons by Industry and Class of Worker, Old Series, 1948–1999 (Thousands of people.) Experienced wage and salary workers Wage and salary workers in private nonagricultural industries, except private households Manufacturing
Year Total 1
Agriculture Total
Mining
Construction
Total
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Finance, Wholesale insurance, and retail and real trade estate
Services, except private households
1948 ....................................................... 1949 .......................................................
2 046 3 310
96 132
1 756 2 871
28 73
232 380
678 1 242
339 652
339 590
149 252
415 578
30 36
224 310
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... .......................................................
2 990 1 857 1 707 1 671 3 230
162 71 73 81 133
2 512 1 578 1 453 1 419 2 827
61 36 35 45 106
348 218 218 227 386
981 637 573 536 1 232
466 271 266 253 720
515 366 307 283 512
189 95 95 90 231
580 373 326 315 549
40 27 33 34 46
313 192 173 172 277
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... .......................................................
2 568 2 443 2 542 4 096 3 252
124 126 118 180 158
2 188 2 081 2 181 3 584 2 782
69 50 41 72 59
337 313 349 523 466
821 832 901 1 605 1 055
436 448 502 1 036 611
385 384 399 569 444
163 127 139 246 178
464 459 461 705 617
49 39 42 68 63
285 261 248 365 344
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... .......................................................
3 337 4 061 3 342 3 415 3 134
159 173 127 158 158
2 847 3 516 2 889 2 916 2 643
59 67 46 41 37
463 544 466 456 390
1 103 1 376 1 045 1 061 941
626 835 575 573 498
477 541 470 488 443
193 218 166 170 143
637 783 678 689 649
63 91 82 75 75
329 437 406 424 408
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... .......................................................
2 732 2 331 2 489 2 356 2 372
114 89 96 86 76
2 320 1 957 2 098 1 971 1 997
29 20 19 16 15
364 286 257 247 225
775 651 775 691 705
382 325 418 368 382
393 326 357 323 323
118 88 100 87 99
585 528 521 513 530
70 62 80 74 73
379 322 346 343 350
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... .......................................................
3 526 4 300 4 122 3 646 4 391
94 100 103 95 110
3 070 3 731 3 537 3 091 3 769
16 23 19 19 20
380 428 450 407 486
1 195 1 401 1 154 939 1 257
719 841 653 500 703
475 559 501 439 554
150 178 168 143 162
732 948 994 896 1 058
102 128 138 117 139
495 625 613 570 648
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... .......................................................
6 970 6 387 5 915 5 220 5 217
151 180 171 142 148
6 110 5 421 4 987 4 359 4 391
31 37 33 37 45
807 694 593 530 541
2 333 1 700 1 474 1 244 1 306
1 431 987 805 661 702
902 714 669 583 603
278 246 242 201 206
1 493 1 527 1 473 1 295 1 250
217 200 186 161 165
952 1 017 986 891 879
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... .......................................................
6 634 7 129 9 275 9 276 7 236
175 201 260 300 243
5 710 6 089 8 128 7 985 6 145
65 70 154 182 103
740 809 1 031 1 005 817
1 991 1 915 2 771 2 454 1 654
1 254 1 139 1 788 1 562 955
736 777 983 892 699
280 304 397 424 330
1 443 1 609 2 066 2 109 1 710
188 199 276 272 232
1 004 1 182 1 433 1 539 1 299
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... .......................................................
7 074 7 019 6 313 5 718 5 616
233 222 191 192 176
6 088 6 097 5 434 4 943 4 866
96 134 87 62 42
778 809 724 669 634
1 694 1 559 1 305 1 161 1 140
1 004 910 749 653 634
690 650 556 508 506
316 313 277 246 251
1 679 1 706 1 582 1 433 1 412
228 239 225 221 230
1 297 1 336 1 234 1 151 1 157
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... .......................................................
6 104 7 512 8 361 7 708 7 092
190 231 251 224 218
5 354 6 593 7 344 6 751 6 113
36 60 56 52 37
718 946 1 020 874 724
1 289 1 572 1 663 1 487 1 154
762 950 979 842 630
527 621 685 645 524
252 353 373 352 340
1 551 1 851 2 097 1 964 1 899
221 290 332 303 271
1 287 1 522 1 802 1 719 1 688
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... .......................................................
6 533 6 389 5 900 5 477 5 202
225 213 190 180 189
5 636 5 532 5 131 4 781 4 511
34 30 24 20 33
737 666 623 532 520
1 030 1 013 885 816 739
534 563 445 426 434
496 450 440 390 305
314 291 260 254 235
1 682 1 679 1 645 1 493 1 422
240 201 229 197 191
1 599 1 653 1 465 1 470 1 371
Note: See "Notes and Definitions" for information on historical comparability. 1Includes
private household members, not shown separately.
112
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-34. Unemployment Rates 1 by Industry and Class of Worker, New Series, 2000–2004 (Percent of civilian labor force.) Industry and class of worker
2000
Total, 16 Years and Over ........................................................................ Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers ..................................... Mining .................................................................................................... Construction .......................................................................................... Manufacturing ....................................................................................... Durable goods ................................................................................... Nondurable goods ............................................................................. Wholesale trade and retail trade ........................................................... Transportation and utilities .................................................................... Information ............................................................................................ Financial activities ................................................................................. Professional and business services ...................................................... Education and health services .............................................................. Leisure and hospitality .......................................................................... Other services ....................................................................................... Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers ......................... Government workers ................................................................................. Self-employed and unpaid family members ..............................................
Note: See "Notes and Definitions" for information on historical comparability. 1Includes
people with no work experience and those whose last job was in the armed forces.
2001
4.0 4.1 4.4 6.2 3.5 3.2 4.0 4.3 3.4 3.2 2.4 4.8 2.5 6.6 3.9 9.0 2.1 2.1
2002
4.7 5.0 4.2 7.1 5.2 5.2 5.2 4.9 4.3 4.9 2.9 6.1 2.8 7.5 4.0 11.2 2.2 2.1
2003
5.8 6.2 6.3 9.2 6.7 6.9 6.2 6.1 4.9 6.9 3.5 7.9 3.4 8.4 5.1 10.1 2.5 2.6
2004
6.0 6.3 6.7 9.3 6.6 6.9 6.1 6.0 5.3 6.8 3.5 8.2 3.6 8.7 5.7 10.2 2.8 2.7
5.5 5.7 3.9 8.4 5.7 5.5 5.9 5.8 4.4 5.7 3.6 6.8 3.4 8.3 5.3 9.9 2.7 2.8
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
113
Table 1-35. Unemployment Rates by Industry and Class of Worker, Old Series, 1948–1999 (Percent of civilian labor force.) Experienced wage and salary workers Wage and salary workers in private nonagricultural industries, except private households Manufacturing
Year Total 1
Agriculture Total
Mining
Construction
Total
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Finance, Wholesale insurance, and retail and real trade estate
Services, except private households
1948 ....................................................... 1949 .......................................................
4.3 6.8
5.5 7.1
4.5 7.3
3.1 8.9
8.7 14.0
4.2 8.0
4.0 8.1
4.4 7.8
3.5 5.9
4.7 6.2
1.8 2.1
5.0 6.5
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... .......................................................
6.0 3.7 3.4 3.2 6.2
9.0 4.4 4.8 5.6 9.0
6.2 3.9 3.6 3.4 6.7
6.9 4.0 3.8 4.6 14.4
12.2 7.2 6.7 7.2 12.9
6.2 3.9 3.5 3.1 7.1
5.7 3.1 3.0 2.6 7.3
6.7 4.7 4.1 3.8 6.9
4.6 2.3 2.3 2.2 5.6
6.0 3.9 3.5 3.4 5.7
2.2 1.5 1.8 1.8 2.3
6.2 4.0 3.4 3.3 5.2
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... .......................................................
4.8 4.4 4.6 7.3 5.7
7.2 7.4 6.9 10.3 9.1
5.1 4.7 4.9 8.0 6.2
9.1 6.8 5.9 11.0 9.7
10.9 10.0 10.9 15.3 13.4
4.7 4.7 5.1 9.3 6.1
4.4 4.4 4.9 10.6 6.2
5.2 5.2 5.3 7.7 6.0
4.0 3.0 3.3 6.1 4.4
4.7 4.5 4.5 6.8 5.8
2.4 1.8 1.8 2.9 2.5
5.1 4.4 4.0 5.6 5.1
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... .......................................................
5.7 6.8 5.6 5.6 5.0
8.3 9.6 7.5 9.2 9.7
6.2 7.5 6.2 6.1 5.4
9.7 11.1 7.8 7.2 6.7
13.5 15.7 13.5 13.3 11.2
6.2 7.8 5.8 5.7 5.0
6.4 8.5 5.7 5.5 4.7
6.1 6.8 6.0 6.0 5.4
4.6 5.3 4.1 4.2 3.5
5.9 7.3 6.3 6.2 5.7
2.4 3.3 3.0 2.7 2.6
4.8 6.0 5.4 5.6 5.2
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... .......................................................
4.3 3.5 3.6 3.4 3.3
7.6 6.6 6.9 6.3 6.1
4.6 3.8 3.9 3.6 3.5
5.4 3.7 3.4 3.1 2.9
10.1 8.0 7.4 6.9 6.0
4.0 3.2 3.7 3.3 3.3
3.5 2.8 3.4 3.0 3.0
4.7 3.8 4.1 3.7 3.7
2.9 2.1 2.4 2.0 2.2
5.0 4.4 4.2 4.0 4.1
2.3 2.1 2.5 2.2 2.1
4.6 3.8 3.9 3.7 3.5
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... .......................................................
4.8 5.7 5.3 4.5 5.3
7.5 7.9 7.7 7.0 7.5
5.3 6.3 5.8 4.9 5.8
3.1 4.0 3.2 2.9 3.0
9.7 10.4 10.3 8.9 10.7
5.6 6.8 5.6 4.4 5.8
5.7 7.0 5.5 3.9 5.4
5.4 6.5 5.8 5.0 6.3
3.2 3.8 3.5 3.0 3.3
5.3 6.4 6.4 5.7 6.5
2.8 3.3 3.4 2.7 3.1
4.7 5.8 5.4 4.8 5.2
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... .......................................................
8.2 7.3 6.6 5.6 5.5
10.4 11.8 11.2 8.9 9.3
9.2 8.0 7.1 6.0 5.8
4.1 4.6 3.8 4.2 4.9
18.0 15.5 12.7 10.6 10.3
10.9 7.9 6.7 5.5 5.6
11.3 7.7 6.2 5.0 5.0
10.4 8.2 7.4 6.3 6.5
5.6 5.0 4.7 3.7 3.7
8.7 8.6 8.0 6.9 6.5
4.9 4.3 3.8 3.1 3.0
7.2 7.3 6.8 5.8 5.5
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... .......................................................
6.9 7.3 9.3 9.2 7.1
11.0 12.1 14.7 16.0 13.5
7.4 7.7 10.2 9.9 7.4
6.4 6.0 13.4 17.0 10.0
14.1 15.6 20.0 18.4 14.3
8.5 8.3 12.3 11.2 7.5
8.9 8.2 13.3 12.1 7.2
7.9 8.4 10.8 10.0 7.8
4.9 5.2 6.8 7.4 5.5
7.4 8.1 10.0 10.0 8.0
3.4 3.5 4.7 4.5 3.7
6.0 6.7 7.7 7.9 6.5
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... .......................................................
6.8 6.6 5.8 5.2 5.0
13.2 12.5 10.5 10.6 9.6
7.2 7.0 6.2 5.5 5.3
9.5 13.5 10.0 7.9 5.8
13.1 13.1 11.6 10.6 10.0
7.7 7.1 6.0 5.3 5.1
7.6 6.9 5.8 5.0 4.8
7.8 7.4 6.3 5.7 5.5
5.1 5.1 4.5 3.9 3.9
7.6 7.6 6.9 6.2 6.0
3.5 3.5 3.1 3.0 3.1
6.2 6.1 5.4 4.8 4.7
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... .......................................................
5.3 6.6 7.2 6.6 5.9
9.8 11.8 12.5 11.7 11.3
5.7 7.1 7.8 7.1 6.3
4.8 7.8 8.0 7.4 5.4
11.1 15.5 16.8 14.4 11.8
5.8 7.3 7.8 7.2 5.6
5.8 7.5 8.0 7.1 5.2
5.8 6.9 7.6 7.4 6.0
3.9 5.3 5.5 5.1 4.8
6.4 7.6 8.4 7.8 7.4
3.0 4.0 4.6 4.1 3.6
5.0 5.8 6.5 6.1 5.7
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... ....................................................... .......................................................
5.4 5.2 4.7 4.3 4.0
11.1 10.2 9.1 8.3 8.9
5.7 5.5 5.0 4.6 4.3
5.2 5.1 3.8 3.2 5.7
11.5 10.1 9.0 7.5 7.0
4.9 4.8 4.2 3.9 3.6
4.4 4.5 3.5 3.4 3.5
5.7 5.2 5.1 4.7 3.9
4.5 4.1 3.5 3.4 3.0
6.5 6.4 6.2 5.5 5.2
3.3 2.7 3.0 2.5 2.3
5.2 5.2 4.5 4.4 4.0
Note: See "Notes and Definitions" for information on historical comparability. 1Includes
private household members, not shown separately.
114
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-36. Unemployed Persons by Duration of Unemployment, 1948–2004 (Thousands of people.) Duration of unemployment Year
Total unemployed
15 weeks and over Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks Total
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks
1948 ............................................................................ 1949 ............................................................................
2 276 3 637
1 300 1 756
669 1 194
309 684
193 428
116 256
8.6 10.0
... ...
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................
3 288 2 055 1 883 1 834 3 532
1 450 1 177 1 135 1 142 1 605
1 055 574 516 482 1 116
782 303 232 210 812
425 166 148 132 495
357 137 84 78 317
12.1 9.7 8.4 8.0 11.8
... ... ... ... ...
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................
2 852 2 750 2 859 4 602 3 740
1 335 1 412 1 408 1 753 1 585
815 805 891 1 396 1 114
702 533 560 1 452 1 040
366 301 321 785 469
336 232 239 667 571
13.0 11.3 10.5 13.9 14.4
... ... ... ... ...
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................
3 852 4 714 3 911 4 070 3 786
1 719 1 806 1 663 1 751 1 697
1 176 1 376 1 134 1 231 1 117
957 1 532 1 119 1 088 973
503 728 534 535 491
454 804 585 553 482
12.8 15.6 14.7 14.0 13.3
... ... ... ... ...
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................
3 366 2 875 2 975 2 817 2 832
1 628 1 573 1 634 1 594 1 629
983 779 893 810 827
755 526 448 412 375
404 287 271 256 242
351 239 177 156 133
11.8 10.4 8.7 8.4 7.8
... ... 2.3 4.5 4.4
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................
4 093 5 016 4 882 4 365 5 156
2 139 2 245 2 242 2 224 2 604
1 290 1 585 1 472 1 314 1 597
663 1 187 1 167 826 955
428 668 601 483 574
235 519 566 343 381
8.6 11.3 12.0 10.0 9.8
4.9 6.3 6.2 5.2 5.2
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................
7 929 7 406 6 991 6 202 6 137
2 940 2 844 2 919 2 865 2 950
2 484 2 196 2 132 1 923 1 946
2 505 2 366 1 942 1 414 1 241
1 303 1 018 913 766 706
1 203 1 348 1 028 648 535
14.2 15.8 14.3 11.9 10.8
8.4 8.2 7.0 5.9 5.4
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................
7 637 8 273 10 678 10 717 8 539
3 295 3 449 3 883 3 570 3 350
2 470 2 539 3 311 2 937 2 451
1 871 2 285 3 485 4 210 2 737
1 052 1 122 1 708 1 652 1 104
820 1 162 1 776 2 559 1 634
11.9 13.7 15.6 20.0 18.2
6.5 6.9 8.7 10.1 7.9
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................
8 312 8 237 7 425 6 701 6 528
3 498 3 448 3 246 3 084 3 174
2 509 2 557 2 196 2 007 1 978
2 305 2 232 1 983 1 610 1 375
1 025 1 045 943 801 730
1 280 1 187 1 040 809 646
15.6 15.0 14.5 13.5 11.9
6.8 6.9 6.5 5.9 4.8
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................
7 047 8 628 9 613 8 940 7 996
3 265 3 480 3 376 3 262 2 728
2 257 2 791 2 830 2 584 2 408
1 525 2 357 3 408 3 094 2 860
822 1 246 1 453 1 297 1 237
703 1 111 1 954 1 798 1 623
12.0 13.7 17.7 18.0 18.8
5.3 6.8 8.7 8.3 9.2
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................
7 404 7 236 6 739 6 210 5 880
2 700 2 633 2 538 2 622 2 568
2 342 2 287 2 138 1 950 1 832
2 363 2 316 2 062 1 637 1 480
1 085 1 053 995 763 755
1 278 1 262 1 067 875 725
16.6 16.7 15.8 14.5 13.4
8.3 8.3 8.0 6.7 6.4
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................ ............................................................................
5 692 6 801 8 378 8 774 8 149
2 558 2 853 2 893 2 785 2 696
1 815 2 196 2 580 2 612 2 382
1 318 1 752 2 904 3 378 3 072
669 951 1 369 1 442 1 293
649 801 1 535 1 936 1 779
12.6 13.1 16.6 19.2 19.6
5.9 6.8 9.1 10.1 9.8
Note: Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. See "Notes and Definitions" for information on historical comparability. . . . = Not available.
115
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-37. Long-Term Unemployment by Industry and Occupation, New Series, 2000–2004 (Thousands of people.) Industry and occupation
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
UNEMPLOYED 15 WEEKS AND OVER Total ......................................................................................................
1 318
1 752
2 904
3 378
3 072
Wage and Salary Workers by Industry Agriculture and related industries ......................................................... Mining ................................................................................................... Construction .......................................................................................... Manufacturing ....................................................................................... Durable goods .................................................................................. Nondurable goods ............................................................................ Wholesale and retail trade .................................................................... Transportation and utilities .................................................................... Information ............................................................................................ Financial activities ................................................................................. Professional and business services ...................................................... Education and health services .............................................................. Leisure and hospitality .......................................................................... Other services ....................................................................................... Public administration .............................................................................
32 7 107 184 99 86 186 57 33 58 143 124 146 54 41
44 7 130 303 183 120 241 71 52 75 217 149 196 58 36
39 11 236 528 348 180 423 124 119 131 377 232 279 95 51
44 17 262 575 389 186 472 132 128 144 440 300 328 132 59
38 8 248 467 293 174 455 114 87 139 345 304 321 126 72
Experienced Workers by Occupation Management, professional, and related occupations ........................... Service occupations .............................................................................. Sales and office occupations ................................................................ Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations .......... Production, transportation, and material moving occupations ..............
213 246 331 161 273
313 323 419 212 360
603 447 759 346 575
692 564 810 424 654
571 565 750 386 561
Total ......................................................................................................
649
801
1 535
1 936
1 779
Wage and Salary Workers by Industry Agriculture and related industries ......................................................... Mining ................................................................................................... Construction .......................................................................................... Manufacturing ....................................................................................... Durable goods .................................................................................. Nondurable goods ............................................................................ Wholesale and retail trade .................................................................... Transportation and utilities .................................................................... Information ............................................................................................ Financial activities ................................................................................. Professional and business services ...................................................... Education and health services .............................................................. Leisure and hospitality .......................................................................... Other services ....................................................................................... Public administration .............................................................................
13 4 44 100 50 50 80 27 18 32 67 63 69 26 23
16 3 60 132 75 57 114 33 21 34 90 71 90 31 18
18 5 111 291 191 100 226 67 62 131 377 232 279 95 51
21 10 132 366 255 111 261 74 80 88 262 167 166 71 33
18 6 133 302 196 106 261 63 58 79 193 168 169 76 44
Experienced Workers by Occupation Management, professional, and related occupations ........................... Service occupations .............................................................................. Sales and office occupations ................................................................ Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations .......... Production, transportation, and material moving occupations ..............
101 128 151 74 140
135 156 185 96 162
340 225 397 164 313
429 295 459 229 388
356 307 419 221 336
UNEMPLOYED 27 WEEKS AND OVER
Note: Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. See "Notes and Definitions" for information on historical comparability.
116
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-38. Long-Term Unemployment by Industry and Occupation, Old Series, 1988–1999 (Thousands of people.) Industry and occupation
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
UNEMPLOYED 15 WEEKS AND OVER Total ................................................................................
1 610
1 375
1 525
2 357
3 408
3 094
2 860
2 363
2316
2 062
1 637
1480
Wage and Salary Workers by Industry 1 Agriculture ....................................................................... Mining .............................................................................. Construction .................................................................... Manufacturing ................................................................. Durable goods ............................................................. Nondurable goods ....................................................... Transportation and public utilities .................................... Wholesale and retail trade .............................................. Finance and services ...................................................... Public administration .......................................................
39 28 169 361 228 133 86 295 405 55
32 15 153 299 177 123 74 268 350 42
31 11 162 353 221 132 75 303 403 36
47 23 285 525 334 192 130 448 615 66
57 25 402 725 457 268 190 699 921 71
56 27 330 655 394 262 171 630 840 85
72 21 238 482 283 199 171 628 825 79
58 13 233 371 198 172 135 493 711 57
65 11 208 374 207 168 118 486 729 63
50 9 171 309 155 154 103 456 645 50
44 3 134 230 115 115 80 359 533 44
41 ... 127 221 137 84 74 318 460 45
Experienced Workers by Occupation Managerial and professional specialty ............................ Technical, sales, and administrative support .................. Service ............................................................................ Precision production, craft, and repair ............................ Operators, fabricators, and laborers ............................... Farming, forestry, and fishing ..........................................
164 338 232 215 462 63
156 281 209 193 376 48
184 352 215 211 413 43
310 543 308 363 618 62
473 858 427 533 810 75
429 773 404 460 722 82
371 699 470 335 640 113
320 553 407 287 517 81
316 558 396 262 516 91
258 487 376 222 457 75
211 393 320 161 341 63
214 347 271 147 322 57
Total ................................................................................
809
646
703
1 111
1 954
1 798
1 623
1 278
1 262
1 067
875
725
Wage and Salary Workers by Industry 1 Agriculture ....................................................................... Mining .............................................................................. Construction .................................................................... Manufacturing ................................................................. Durable goods ............................................................. Nondurable goods ....................................................... Transportation and public utilities .................................... Wholesale and retail trade .............................................. Finance and services ...................................................... Public administration .......................................................
16 17 78 194 128 66 46 154 191 28
13 8 66 146 85 62 39 120 160 22
13 5 69 168 102 65 34 139 179 20
17 13 125 255 160 95 67 203 293 32
26 19 219 455 294 162 120 378 527 45
26 16 188 392 237 155 102 368 492 53
36 14 125 282 170 113 107 350 452 50
27 9 125 203 108 95 77 259 380 32
29 7 105 207 116 90 62 251 409 37
25 4 78 167 84 83 53 218 333 30
20 2 66 113 58 56 49 191 282 27
17 ... 55 108 67 41 38 151 228 24
Experienced Workers by Occupation Managerial and professional specialty ............................ Technical, sales, and administrative support .................. Service ............................................................................ Precision production, craft, and repair ............................ Operators, fabricators, and laborers ............................... Farming, forestry, and fishing ..........................................
73 162 125 108 247 29
73 119 97 98 183 22
86 152 104 95 197 17
153 247 146 169 302 25
290 498 231 308 480 33
266 460 234 270 416 39
214 389 268 184 373 57
181 289 228 156 276 41
177 295 220 144 280 42
143 232 209 108 234 39
112 206 177 84 177 27
107 157 148 66 156 26
UNEMPLOYED 27 WEEKS AND OVER
Note: See "Notes and Definitions" for information on historical comparability. 1Includes wage and salary workers only. . . . = Not available.
117
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-39. Unemployed Persons and Unemployment Rates by Sex, Age, and Reason for Unemployment, 1970–2004 (Thousands of people, percent.) Number of unemployed Year and sex
Unemployed as a percent of the total civilian labor force Entrants
Total
Job losers
Entrants
Job leavers
Job losers Reentrants
Job leavers
New entrants
Reentrants
New entrants
Total 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
4 093 5 016 4 882 4 365 5 156
1 811 2 323 2 108 1 694 2 242
550 590 641 683 768
1 228 1 472 1 456 1 340 1 463
504 630 677 649 681
2.2 2.8 2.4 1.9 2.4
0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8
1.5 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.6
0.6 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
7 929 7 406 6 991 6 202 6 137
4 386 3 679 3 166 2 585 2 635
827 903 909 874 880
1 892 1 928 1 963 1 857 1 806
823 895 953 885 817
4.7 3.8 3.2 2.5 2.5
0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8
2.0 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.7
0.9 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.8
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
7 637 8 273 10 678 10 717 8 539
3 947 4 267 6 268 6 258 4 421
891 923 840 830 823
1 927 2 102 2 384 2 412 2 184
872 981 1 185 1 216 1 110
3.7 3.9 5.7 5.6 3.9
0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7
1.8 1.9 2.2 2.2 1.9
0.8 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.0
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
8 312 8 237 7 425 6 701 6 528
4 139 4 033 3 566 3 092 2 983
877 1 015 965 983 1 024
2 256 2 160 1 974 1 809 1 843
1 039 1 029 920 816 677
3.6 3.4 3.0 2.5 2.4
0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8
2.0 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.5
0.9 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.5
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
7 047 8 628 9 613 8 940 7 996
3 387 4 694 5 389 4 848 3 815
1 041 1 004 1 002 976 791
1 930 2 139 2 285 2 198 2 786
688 792 937 919 604
2.7 3.7 4.2 3.8 2.9
0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.6
1.5 1.7 1.8 1.7 2.1
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.5
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
7 404 7 236 6 739 6 210 5 880
3 476 3 370 3 037 2 822 2 622
824 774 795 734 783
2 525 2 512 2 338 2 132 2 005
579 580 569 520 469
2.6 2.5 2.2 2.1 1.9
0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6
1.9 1.9 1.7 1.5 1.4
0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5 692 6 801 8 378 8 774 8 149
2 517 3 476 4 607 4 838 4 197
780 835 866 818 858
1 961 2 031 2 368 2 477 2 408
434 459 536 641 686
1.8 2.4 3.2 3.3 2.8
0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6
1.4 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.6
0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5
Men, 20 Years and Over 1970 ...................................................... 1971 ...................................................... 1972 ...................................................... 1973 ...................................................... 1974 ......................................................
1 638 2 097 1 948 1 624 1 957
1 066 1 391 1 219 959 1 276
209 239 248 258 276
318 411 420 350 356
44 57 60 56 48
2.2 2.9 2.5 1.9 2.5
0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
0.7 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.7
0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3 476 3 098 2 794 2 328 2 308
2 598 2 167 1 816 1 433 1 464
298 323 335 337 325
506 521 540 471 446
76 86 103 86 73
5.0 4.1 3.4 2.6 2.6
0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6
1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.8
0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3 353 3 615 5 089 5 257 3 932
2 389 2 565 3 965 4 088 2 800
359 356 327 336 324
516 592 678 695 663
90 102 119 138 146
4.2 4.5 6.8 6.9 4.7
0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5
0.9 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.1
0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3 715 3 751 3 369 2 987 2 867
2 568 2 568 2 289 1 939 1 843
352 444 413 416 394
671 611 558 534 541
124 128 108 98 88
4.3 4.1 3.7 3.1 2.9
0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6
1.1 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8
0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3 239 4 195 4 717 4 287 3 627
2 100 2 982 3 420 2 996 2 296
431 411 421 429 367
626 698 765 747 898
82 105 111 114 65
3.2 4.6 5.2 4.5 3.4
0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5
1.0 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.3
0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3 239 3 146 2 882 2 580 2 433
2 051 2 043 1 795 1 588 1 459
356 322 358 318 336
775 731 675 611 592
57 51 55 63 46
3.0 3.0 2.6 2.3 2.1
0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8
0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
2 376 3 040 3 896 4 209 3 791
1 416 1 999 2 702 2 899 2 503
328 372 386 376 398
577 612 743 846 791
55 56 65 88 99
2.0 2.7 3.7 3.9 3.3
0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
0.8 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.0
0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
118
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-39. Unemployed Persons and Unemployment Rates by Sex, Age, and Reason for Unemployment, 1970–2004—Continued (Thousands of people, percent.) Number of unemployed Year and sex
Unemployed as a percent of the total civilian labor force Entrants
Total
Job losers
Entrants
Job leavers
Job losers Reentrants
Job leavers
New entrants
Reentrants
New entrants
Women, 20 Years and Over 1970 ...................................................... 1971 ...................................................... 1972 ...................................................... 1973 ...................................................... 1974 ......................................................
1 349 1 658 1 625 1 507 1 777
546 700 641 522 685
214 235 264 280 319
531 651 641 625 673
58 72 80 80 100
1.9 2.5 2.2 1.6 2.1
0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0
1.9 2.3 2.1 2.0 2.1
0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
2 684 2 588 2 535 2 292 2 276
1 339 1 124 1 031 852 851
375 427 419 371 370
858 912 945 930 908
114 126 140 138 145
4.0 3.2 2.8 2.2 2.1
1.1 1.2 1.2 1.0 0.9
2.6 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.3
0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
2 615 2 895 3 613 3 632 3 107
1 170 1 317 1 844 1 801 1 350
376 404 379 384 386
930 1 023 1 197 1 235 1 151
139 151 192 212 220
2.8 3.1 4.2 4.0 2.9
0.9 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.8
2.3 2.4 2.7 2.8 2.5
0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3 129 3 032 2 709 2 487 2 467
1 296 1 225 1 067 946 942
412 426 406 408 430
1 195 1 175 1 041 965 958
227 206 194 168 137
2.7 2.5 2.2 1.9 1.8
0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8
2.5 2.4 2.1 1.9 1.8
0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
2 596 3 074 3 469 3 288 3 049
1 054 1 423 1 710 1 619 1 334
429 413 433 395 339
966 1 075 1 142 1 098 1 253
146 163 183 176 122
2.0 2.6 3.1 2.9 2.4
0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6
1.8 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.2
0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
2 819 2 783 2 585 2 424 2 285
1 211 1 145 1 069 1 053 990
366 361 333 330 333
1 135 1 156 1 057 944 866
107 120 126 97 96
2.1 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.6
0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5
2.0 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4
0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
2 235 2 599 3 228 3 314 3 150
943 1 291 1 708 1 751 1 529
343 365 389 357 384
868 850 1 028 1 076 1 107
80 92 102 130 131
1.5 2.0 2.7 2.7 2.4
0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6
1.4 1.3 1.6 1.7 1.7
0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2
Both Sexes, 16 to 19 Years 1970 ...................................................... 1971 ...................................................... 1972 ...................................................... 1973 ...................................................... 1974 ......................................................
1 106 1 262 1 308 1 235 1 422
200 233 248 212 280
126 117 129 146 173
378 410 395 364 436
401 501 536 513 533
2.8 3.1 3.1 2.4 3.1
1.7 1.6 1.6 1.7 2.0
5.2 5.5 4.9 4.3 4.9
5.5 6.7 6.6 6.0 6.0
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1 767 1 719 1 663 1 583 1 555
450 387 318 300 319
155 153 156 167 184
529 496 477 455 452
634 683 711 660 599
5.1 4.3 3.4 3.1 3.3
1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.9
6.0 5.5 5.1 4.7 4.7
7.1 7.5 7.6 6.8 6.2
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1 669 1 763 1 977 1 829 1 499
388 385 460 370 271
156 162 134 110 114
481 487 509 482 370
643 728 874 867 745
4.1 4.3 5.4 4.6 3.4
1.7 1.8 1.6 1.3 1.4
5.1 5.4 6.0 5.9 4.7
6.9 8.1 10.2 10.6 9.4
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1 468 1 454 1 347 1 226 1 194
275 240 210 207 198
113 145 146 159 200
390 374 375 310 345
689 695 617 550 452
3.5 3.0 2.7 2.6 2.5
1.4 1.8 1.8 2.0 2.5
4.9 4.7 4.7 3.9 4.3
8.7 8.8 7.7 6.8 5.7
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1 212 1 359 1 427 1 365 1 320
233 289 259 233 185
181 180 149 151 84
338 365 377 353 634
460 524 643 628 416
3.0 4.0 3.6 3.3 2.5
2.3 2.5 2.1 2.1 1.1
4.3 5.0 5.3 4.9 8.5
5.9 7.2 9.1 8.8 5.6
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1 346 1 306 1 271 1 205 1 162
214 182 174 181 173
102 91 104 86 114
615 625 606 577 547
415 409 388 361 328
2.8 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.1
1.3 1.2 1.3 1.0 1.4
7.9 8.0 7.6 7.0 6.6
5.3 5.2 4.9 4.4 3.9
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1 081 1 162 1 253 1 251 1 208
157 185 197 188 165
109 98 91 85 76
516 568 597 554 510
299 311 368 424 456
1.9 2.3 2.6 2.6 2.3
1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1
6.2 7.2 7.9 7.7 7.2
3.6 3.9 4.9 5.9 6.4
Note: See "Notes and Definitions" for information on historical comparability.
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
119
Table 1-40. Percentage of the Population with Work Experience During the Year by Sex and Age, 1987–2004 (Percent.) Year
Total
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 to 69 years
70 years and over
Total 1987 ...................................................... 1988 ...................................................... 1989 ......................................................
69.7 70.2 70.5
51.8 50.6 51.9
76.6 75.5 75.4
85.5 85.7 84.9
85.7 86.0 86.6
86.1 86.8 86.9
81.6 82.2 82.8
69.4 70.5 70.4
51.3 52.2 52.5
26.2 27.9 28.4
10.2 10.3 10.0
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
70.2 69.5 69.1 69.2 69.6
48.6 43.4 43.8 42.1 44.1
74.2 70.8 69.9 70.4 71.5
84.1 83.4 82.7 82.0 82.5
86.2 85.9 85.2 85.0 85.5
87.0 86.6 85.9 85.3 85.6
82.8 83.0 82.8 82.8 83.8
70.9 70.3 70.8 71.6 72.2
53.4 52.9 53.5 51.6 52.8
28.3 27.2 25.5 27.5 27.5
10.2 9.8 9.8 10.7 10.0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
69.6 69.9 70.1 70.1 70.7
44.4 43.3 43.6 42.1 43.7
71.2 70.5 70.5 69.9 71.2
82.0 83.1 83.0 82.9 82.7
85.6 86.1 87.1 86.7 87.3
85.9 85.7 85.9 86.3 86.9
83.4 84.3 84.4 84.2 85.0
72.2 73.3 73.8 73.7 72.3
53.3 54.3 53.8 54.5 55.8
28.0 27.8 28.5 29.2 30.5
10.2 10.4 10.0 10.6 11.6
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
70.5 69.4 68.5 67.8 67.7
42.2 37.7 34.5 32.0 32.6
69.6 66.7 62.8 61.7 59.8
82.6 80.8 78.5 77.5 76.9
87.1 86.1 84.4 83.7 83.3
87.0 85.8 85.0 84.0 84.2
84.6 83.7 83.7 82.9 82.6
72.9 73.5 74.7 73.9 73.9
55.1 56.7 56.8 56.5 57.0
30.8 30.6 33.1 33.2 32.7
11.4 10.5 10.4 11.4 12.2
Men 1987 ...................................................... 1988 ...................................................... 1989 ......................................................
78.9 79.1 79.4
52.4 51.8 53.2
77.4 78.9 77.7
90.4 90.7 89.9
94.3 94.3 94.7
94.1 94.6 94.7
91.9 91.6 91.9
83.3 82.1 82.0
63.2 63.1 64.2
34.2 35.6 35.4
15.4 15.6 15.1
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
78.9 77.9 77.4 76.8 77.2
50.3 45.4 46.6 43.9 44.4
76.7 72.2 73.7 71.4 74.7
88.7 87.9 87.1 86.6 87.2
94.4 93.5 93.3 92.5 92.9
94.7 93.6 92.8 92.0 92.0
91.3 91.3 89.9 89.3 90.0
82.0 81.5 80.9 79.8 81.3
65.8 63.6 63.2 59.1 61.4
35.8 35.0 32.4 34.3 33.9
14.0 14.4 14.3 15.3 14.8
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
77.0 77.2 77.1 76.9 77.3
43.7 44.1 43.4 40.4 44.7
73.6 71.8 70.3 71.6 72.3
86.4 86.7 86.6 86.4 85.5
92.6 93.4 94.1 93.5 93.9
92.2 92.1 92.3 92.7 93.2
89.7 90.4 90.7 90.1 89.9
81.5 81.8 81.4 81.7 79.2
62.1 62.5 62.9 63.5 65.1
34.5 33.6 33.8 35.5 37.4
14.9 15.2 13.9 14.7 16.5
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
77.1 76.3 75.2 74.3 74.2
42.1 37.4 34.7 32.8 32.1
70.2 67.7 62.8 61.7 58.9
85.1 84.8 82.1 80.2 80.2
93.4 93.2 91.6 90.8 91.0
93.6 92.2 91.8 90.9 91.1
89.8 89.1 88.9 87.7 87.9
80.6 80.4 80.7 80.9 80.1
64.4 64.3 64.3 63.1 64.5
38.4 37.8 39.3 37.3 37.1
16.0 14.5 14.6 15.8 16.7
Women 1987 ...................................................... 1988 ...................................................... 1989 ......................................................
61.3 62.1 62.3
51.1 49.3 50.6
75.8 72.2 73.1
81.0 81.0 80.2
77.3 78.1 78.6
78.5 79.4 79.3
71.9 73.5 74.2
56.7 60.0 59.9
41.0 42.5 42.4
19.6 21.4 22.5
6.8 6.8 6.7
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
62.2 61.8 61.5 62.1 62.5
46.8 41.4 40.9 40.3 43.7
71.7 69.4 66.1 69.4 68.4
79.6 79.0 78.4 77.5 77.8
78.0 78.3 77.2 77.6 78.1
79.6 79.9 79.1 78.7 79.4
74.9 75.3 76.1 76.5 78.0
60.4 59.9 61.5 63.9 63.9
42.5 43.6 44.4 44.7 45.0
22.1 20.6 20.0 22.1 22.2
7.7 6.7 6.7 7.7 6.8
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
62.8 63.2 63.6 63.7 64.5
45.2 42.5 43.9 44.1 42.6
68.7 69.2 70.7 68.2 70.1
77.7 79.5 79.5 79.4 79.9
78.8 78.9 80.1 80.1 80.9
79.8 79.5 79.6 80.0 80.7
77.6 78.4 78.4 78.6 80.3
63.2 65.4 66.7 66.3 66.2
45.6 46.9 45.6 46.2 47.3
22.4 23.0 24.0 23.8 24.4
7.1 7.1 7.3 7.8 8.2
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
64.3 63.1 62.3 61.7 61.5
42.3 38.1 34.3 31.2 33.1
69.0 65.7 62.8 61.6 60.7
80.2 76.9 74.9 74.6 73.7
80.9 79.2 77.2 76.6 75.6
80.5 79.5 78.4 77.2 77.4
79.5 78.6 78.7 78.4 77.5
65.7 67.1 69.1 67.3 68.2
47.0 49.8 50.0 50.7 50.3
23.9 24.2 27.8 29.6 28.7
8.2 7.9 7.4 8.3 9.0
Note: See "Notes and Definitions" for information on historical comparability.
120
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-41. Persons with Work Experience During the Year by Industry and Class of Worker of Job Held the Longest, 2002–2004 (Thousands of people.) Industry and class of worker
2002
2003
2004
TOTAL ..................................................................................................
151 546
151 553
153 024
Agriculture ....................................................................................... Wage and salary workers ............................................................. Self-employed workers ................................................................. Unpaid family workers ..................................................................
2 490 1 583 875 33
2 521 1 605 894 22
2 492 1 549 918 25
Nonagricultural Industries ............................................................. Wage and salary workers ............................................................. Mining ....................................................................................... Construction .............................................................................. Manufacturing ........................................................................... Durable goods ...................................................................... Nondurable goods ................................................................ Wholesale and retail trade ........................................................ Wholesale trade .................................................................... Retail trade ........................................................................... Transportation and utilities ........................................................ Transportation and warehousing .......................................... Utilities .................................................................................. Information ................................................................................ Financial activities ..................................................................... Finance and insurance ......................................................... Real estate and rental and leasing ....................................... Professional and business services .......................................... Professional, scientific, and technical ................................... Management, administration, and waste management ........ Education and health services .................................................. Educational services ............................................................. Health care and social assistance ........................................ Leisure and hospitality .............................................................. Arts, entertainment, and recreation ...................................... Accommodation and food services ....................................... Other services and private household ...................................... Private households ............................................................... Public administration ................................................................. Self-employed workers ............................................................. Unpaid family workers ..............................................................
149 055 139 909 594 9 488 17 660 11 013 6 647 21 615 4 402 17 213 7 039 5 745 1 294 3 989 9 591 6 986 2 605 13 883 7 989 5 894 29 343 12 765 16 578 13 260 2 852 10 408 6 416 873 6 290 9 023 124
149 032 139 747 576 9 423 17 349 10 622 6 727 21 650 4 691 16 959 6 934 5 736 1 198 3 755 9 822 7 135 2 687 13 485 7 855 5 629 29 571 13 026 16 544 13 110 2 789 10 321 6 529 897 6 734 9 169 116
150 532 140 885 630 10 076 17 196 10 814 6 382 22 091 4 470 17 621 7 040 5 827 1 213 3 359 9 956 7 192 2 764 13 277 7 793 5 484 29 814 13 169 16 645 13 345 2 888 10 457 6 473 907 6 897 9 520 128
Note: See "Notes and Definitions" for information on historical comparability.
121
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-42. Number of Persons with Work Experience During the Year by Sex and Extent of Employment, 1987–2004 (Thousands of people.) Full-time Year and sex
Part-time
Total Total
50 to 52 weeks
27 to 49 weeks
1 to 26 weeks
Total
50 to 52 weeks
27 to 49 weeks
1 to 26 weeks
Total 1987 .............................................. 1988 .............................................. 1989 ..............................................
128 315 130 451 132 817
100 288 102 131 104 876
77 015 79 627 81 117
13 361 12 875 14 271
9 912 9 629 9 488
28 027 28 320 27 941
10 973 11 384 11 275
6 594 6 624 6 987
10 460 10 312 9 679
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
133 535 133 410 133 912 136 354 138 468
105 323 104 472 104 813 106 299 108 141
80 932 80 385 81 523 83 384 85 764
14 758 14 491 13 587 13 054 13 051
9 633 9 596 9 703 9 861 9 326
28 212 28 938 29 099 30 055 30 327
11 507 11 946 12 326 12 818 12 936
7 012 7 003 6 841 6 777 6 956
9 693 9 989 9 932 10 460 10 435
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
139 724 142 201 143 968 145 566 148 295
110 063 112 313 113 879 116 412 119 096
88 173 90 252 92 631 95 772 97 941
12 970 12 997 12 508 12 156 12 294
8 920 9 064 8 740 8 484 8 861
29 661 29 888 30 089 29 155 29 199
12 725 13 382 13 810 13 538 13 680
6 831 6 643 6 565 6 480 6 317
10 105 9 863 9 714 9 137 9 202
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
149 361 151 042 151 546 151 553 153 024
120 591 121 921 121 726 121 158 122 404
100 349 100 357 100 659 100 700 102 427
12 071 13 172 12 544 11 972 11 862
8 171 8 392 8 523 8 486 8 115
28 770 29 121 29 819 30 395 30 621
13 865 14 038 14 635 15 333 15 552
6 161 6 139 6 184 6 027 6 077
8 744 8 944 9 000 9 035 8 992
Men 1987 .............................................. 1988 .............................................. 1989 ..............................................
69 144 70 021 71 640
59 736 60 504 62 108
47 040 48 299 49 693
7 503 7 329 7 642
5 193 4 876 4 773
9 408 9 517 9 532
3 260 3 468 3 619
2 191 2 199 2 254
3 957 3 850 3 659
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
71 953 71 700 72 007 72 872 73 958
62 319 61 636 61 722 62 513 63 634
49 175 47 895 48 300 49 832 51 582
8 188 8 324 7 965 7 317 7 094
4 956 5 417 5 457 5 364 4 958
9 634 10 064 10 285 10 359 10 324
3 650 3 820 3 864 4 005 3 948
2 322 2 342 2 354 2 144 2 358
3 662 3 902 4 067 4 210 4 018
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
74 381 75 760 76 408 76 918 78 145
64 145 65 356 66 089 67 250 68 347
52 671 53 795 54 918 56 953 57 520
6 973 6 891 6 638 6 208 6 401
4 501 4 670 4 533 4 089 4 426
10 236 10 404 10 319 9 669 9 797
4 034 4 321 4 246 4 197 4 297
2 257 2 136 2 274 2 090 2 062
3 945 3 947 3 799 3 382 3 438
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
78 804 79 971 80 282 80 317 81 261
68 925 70 074 70 132 69 766 70 780
58 756 58 715 58 765 58 778 60 096
6 094 7 087 6 804 6 479 6 428
4 075 4 272 4 563 4 509 4 256
9 879 9 897 10 151 10 551 10 482
4 485 4 306 4 519 5 042 4 987
1 957 1 989 2 042 1 872 1 992
3 437 3 602 3 590 3 637 3 503
Women 1987 .............................................. 1988 .............................................. 1989 ..............................................
59 171 60 430 61 178
40 552 41 627 42 768
29 975 31 328 31 424
5 858 5 546 6 629
4 719 4 753 4 715
18 619 18 803 18 410
7 713 7 916 7 656
4 403 4 425 4 733
6 503 6 462 6 021
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
61 582 61 712 61 904 63 481 64 511
43 004 42 837 43 090 43 785 44 508
31 757 32 491 33 223 33 552 34 182
6 570 6 167 5 621 5 736 5 957
4 677 4 179 4 246 4 497 4 369
18 578 18 875 18 814 19 696 20 003
7 857 8 126 8 462 8 813 8 988
4 690 4 662 4 487 4 633 4 598
6 031 6 087 5 865 6 250 6 417
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
65 342 66 439 67 559 68 648 70 150
45 917 46 955 47 790 49 162 50 748
35 502 36 457 37 713 38 819 40 421
5 997 6 105 5 870 5 948 5 892
4 418 4 393 4 207 4 395 4 435
19 425 19 484 19 769 19 486 19 402
8 691 9 061 9 564 9 341 9 383
4 574 4 507 4 291 4 390 4 255
6 160 5 916 5 914 5 755 5 764
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
70 556 71 071 71 263 71 236 71 763
51 665 51 848 51 593 51 391 51 624
41 593 41 642 41 893 41 921 42 331
5 977 6 085 5 741 5 493 5 434
4 095 4 120 3 959 3 977 3 859
18 891 19 223 19 671 19 844 20 139
9 380 9 731 10 117 10 291 10 565
4 204 4 150 4 143 4 155 4 085
5 307 5 342 5 411 5 398 5 489
Note: See "Notes and Definitions" for information on historical comparability.
122
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-43. Percentage Distribution of the Population with Work Experience During the Year by Sex and Extent of Employment, 1987–2004 (Percent of total people with work experience.) Full-time Year and sex
Part-time
Total Total
50 to 52 weeks
27 to 49 weeks
1 to 26 weeks
Total
50 to 52 weeks
27 to 49 weeks
1 to 26 weeks
Total 1987 .............................................. 1988 .............................................. 1989 ..............................................
100.0 100.0 100.0
78.1 78.3 78.9
60.0 61.0 61.1
10.4 9.9 10.7
7.7 7.4 7.1
21.9 21.7 21.1
8.6 8.7 8.5
5.1 5.1 5.3
8.2 7.9 7.3
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
78.9 78.4 78.2 78.0 78.0
60.6 60.3 60.9 61.2 61.9
11.1 10.9 10.1 9.6 9.4
7.2 7.2 7.2 7.2 6.7
21.2 21.7 21.7 22.1 21.8
8.6 9.0 9.2 9.4 9.3
5.3 5.2 5.1 5.0 5.0
7.3 7.5 7.4 7.7 7.5
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
78.8 79.0 79.1 80.0 80.3
63.1 63.5 64.3 65.8 66.0
9.3 9.1 8.7 8.4 8.3
6.4 6.4 6.1 5.8 6.0
21.2 21.0 20.9 20.1 19.7
9.1 9.4 9.6 9.3 9.2
4.9 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.3
7.2 6.9 6.7 6.3 6.2
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
80.8 80.7 80.3 79.9 80.0
67.2 66.4 66.4 66.4 66.9
8.1 8.7 8.3 7.9 7.8
5.5 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.3
19.3 19.3 19.7 20.1 20.1
9.3 9.3 9.7 10.1 10.2
4.1 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.0
5.9 5.9 5.9 6.0 5.9
Men 1987 .............................................. 1988 .............................................. 1989 ..............................................
100.0 100.0 100.0
86.4 86.5 86.8
68.0 69.0 69.4
10.9 10.5 10.7
7.5 7.0 6.7
13.6 13.6 13.3
4.7 5.0 5.1
3.2 3.1 3.1
5.7 5.5 5.1
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
86.6 86.0 85.8 85.8 86.0
68.3 66.8 67.1 68.4 69.7
11.4 11.6 11.1 10.0 9.6
6.9 7.6 7.6 7.4 6.7
13.4 14.0 14.3 14.2 13.9
5.1 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.3
3.2 3.3 3.3 2.9 3.2
5.1 5.4 5.6 5.8 5.4
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
86.3 86.3 86.5 87.4 87.5
70.8 71.0 71.9 74.0 73.6
9.4 9.1 8.7 8.1 8.2
6.1 6.2 5.9 5.3 5.7
13.7 13.7 13.6 12.6 12.5
5.4 5.7 5.6 5.5 5.5
3.0 2.8 3.0 2.7 2.6
5.3 5.2 5.0 4.4 4.4
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
87.5 87.6 87.4 86.9 87.1
74.6 73.4 73.2 73.2 74.0
7.7 8.9 8.5 8.1 7.9
5.2 5.3 5.7 5.6 5.2
12.6 12.4 12.6 13.1 12.9
5.7 5.4 5.6 6.3 6.1
2.5 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.5
4.4 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.3
Women 1987 .............................................. 1988 .............................................. 1989 ..............................................
100.0 100.0 100.0
68.6 68.9 69.9
50.7 51.8 51.4
9.9 9.2 10.8
8.0 7.9 7.7
31.4 31.1 30.0
13.0 13.1 12.5
7.4 7.3 7.7
11.0 10.7 9.8
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
69.9 69.4 69.7 69.0 69.0
51.6 52.6 53.7 52.9 53.0
10.7 10.0 9.1 9.0 9.2
7.6 6.8 6.9 7.1 6.8
30.2 30.7 30.4 31.0 30.9
12.8 13.2 13.7 13.9 13.9
7.6 7.6 7.2 7.3 7.1
9.8 9.9 9.5 9.8 9.9
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
70.3 70.7 70.7 71.6 72.3
54.3 54.9 55.8 56.5 57.6
9.2 9.2 8.7 8.7 8.4
6.8 6.6 6.2 6.4 6.3
29.7 29.3 29.4 28.4 27.7
13.3 13.6 14.2 13.6 13.4
7.0 6.8 6.4 6.4 6.1
9.4 8.9 8.8 8.4 8.2
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
73.2 73.0 72.5 72.1 72.0
58.9 58.6 58.8 58.8 59.0
8.5 8.6 8.1 7.7 7.6
5.8 5.8 5.6 5.6 5.4
26.8 27.0 27.6 27.8 28.0
13.3 13.7 14.2 14.4 14.7
6.0 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.7
7.5 7.5 7.6 7.6 7.6
Note: See "Notes and Definitions" for information on historical comparability.
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
123
Table 1-44. Extent of Unemployment During the Year by Sex, 1994–2004 (Thousands of people, percent.) Sex and extent of unemployment
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
142 413 12.7
144 528 11.6
146 096 10.7
147 295 9.5
149 798 8.7
150 786 8.1
153 056 10.4
154 205 10.9
154 315 10.7
155 576 9.7
TOTAL Total Who Worked or Looked for Work ................................................... 141 325 Percent with unemployment ......................................................................... 13.4 Total with Unemployment ......................................................................... Did not work but looked for work .................................................................. Worked during the year ................................................................................ Year-round workers with 1 or 2 weeks of unemployment ........................ Part-year workers with unemployment ..................................................... 1 to 4 weeks ......................................................................................... 5 to 10 weeks ....................................................................................... 11 to 14 weeks ..................................................................................... 15 to 26 weeks ..................................................................................... 27 weeks or more ................................................................................
18 966 2 857 16 109 746 15 363 2 788 2 983 2 265 4 158 3 169
18 067 2 690 15 377 715 14 662 2 812 2 725 2 147 4 013 2 965
16 789 2 329 14 460 589 13 871 2 550 2 671 2 020 3 662 2 968
15 637 2 129 13 508 611 12 897 2 582 2 601 1 822 3 378 2 514
14 044 1 729 12 316 630 11 686 2 323 2 495 1 701 3 019 2 148
13 068 1 503 11 566 562 11 004 2 361 2 218 1 594 2 803 2 028
12 269 1 425 10 845 573 10 272 2 233 2 014 1 505 2 641 1 879
15 843 2 014 13 829 602 13 227 2 368 2 557 2 038 3 683 2 582
16 824 2 660 14 164 584 13 580 2 002 2 373 1 970 3 848 3 387
16 462 2 762 13 699 534 13 165 1 839 2 264 1 749 3 778 3 535
15 074 2 551 12 522 465 12 057 1 985 2 100 1 773 3 448 2 751
With 2 or more spells of unemployment ............................................... 2 spells ............................................................................................. 3 or more spells ..............................................................................
4 783 2 207 2 576
4 468 1 963 2 505
4 237 1 982 2 255
4 044 1 853 2 191
3 628 1 650 1 978
3 225 1 449 1 776
3 079 1 397 1 682
3 421 1 643 1 779
3 226 1 556 1 670
3 093 1 585 1 508
2 896 1 344 1 552
Total Who Worked or Looked for Work ................................................... Percent with unemployment .........................................................................
75 244 14.1
75 698 13.2
76 786 11.9
77 385 11.1
77 704 9.4
78 905 9.0
79 546 8.6
80 975 11.0
81 651 11.8
81 804 11.4
82 478 10.0
Total with Unemployment ......................................................................... Did not work but looked for work .................................................................. Worked during the year ................................................................................ Year-round workers with 1 or 2 weeks of unemployment ........................ Part-year workers with unemployment ..................................................... 1 to 4 weeks ......................................................................................... 5 to 10 weeks ....................................................................................... 11 to 14 weeks ..................................................................................... 15 to 26 weeks ..................................................................................... 27 weeks or more ................................................................................
10 582 1 286 9 296 527 8 769 1 365 1 666 1 370 2 449 1 919
9 996 1 317 8 679 462 8 217 1 398 1 434 1 253 2 439 1 693
9 157 1 026 8 130 395 7 735 1 272 1 478 1 258 2 076 1 651
8 604 978 7 626 382 7 244 1 275 1 474 1 068 1 949 1 478
7 284 787 6 497 386 6 111 1 085 1 363 980 1 585 1 098
7 091 760 6 332 373 5 959 1 166 1 168 937 1 655 1 033
6 806 742 6 064 379 5 685 1 070 1 135 880 1 595 1 005
8 928 1 004 7 924 421 7 502 1 247 1 446 1 207 2 191 1 412
9 621 1 369 8 252 365 7 887 1 075 1 342 1 186 2 282 2 002
9 339 1 487 7 854 359 7 495 958 1 314 1 039 2 178 2 006
8 256 1 217 7 039 289 6 750 1 028 1 170 1 021 2 065 1 466
With 2 or more spells of unemployment ............................................... 2 spells ............................................................................................. 3 or more spells ..............................................................................
2 940 1 266 1 674
2 793 1 110 1 683
2 554 1 109 1 445
2 437 1 078 1 359
2 014 880 1 134
1 845 787 1 058
1 809 804 1 005
2 100 1 002 1 099
1 920 914 1 006
1 882 946 936
1 828 808 1 020
Total Who Worked or Looked for Work ................................................... Percent with unemployment .........................................................................
66 081 12.7
66 716 12.1
67 742 11.3
68 710 10.2
69 591 9.7
70 893 8.4
71 240 7.7
72 081 9.6
72 554 9.9
72 511 9.8
73 097 9.3
Total with Unemployment ......................................................................... Did not work but looked for work .................................................................. Worked during the year ................................................................................ Year-round workers with 1 or 2 weeks of unemployment ........................ Part-year workers with unemployment ..................................................... 1 to 4 weeks ......................................................................................... 5 to 10 weeks ....................................................................................... 11 to 14 weeks ..................................................................................... 15 to 26 weeks ..................................................................................... 27 weeks or more ................................................................................
8 383 1 570 6 813 219 6 594 1 422 1 317 896 1 708 1 251
8 070 1 373 6 696 253 6 443 1 413 1 291 893 1 574 1 272
7 632 1 303 6 330 194 6 136 1 279 1 192 762 1 586 1 317
7 033 1 151 5 882 229 5 653 1 307 1 127 754 1 429 1 036
6 760 942 5 816 243 5 573 1 237 1 131 721 1 434 1 050
5 976 743 5 234 189 5 045 1 194 1 050 657 1 148 996
5 463 683 4 779 193 4 586 1 164 878 625 1 045 874
6 915 1 010 5 905 180 5 725 1 121 1 111 831 1 492 1 170
7 203 1 291 5 913 220 5 693 927 1 031 784 1 566 1 385
7 123 1 275 5 848 176 5 672 882 950 710 1 600 1 530
6 818 1 334 5 484 177 5 307 957 929 752 1 384 1 285
With 2 or more spells of unemployment ............................................... 2 spells ............................................................................................. 3 or more spells ..............................................................................
1 843 941 902
1 675 853 822
1 682 872 810
1 607 775 832
1 614 770 844
1 379 662 717
1 270 593 677
1 321 641 680
1 306 642 664
1 211 639 572
1 069 537 532
MEN
WOMEN
Note: See "Notes and Definitions" for information on historical comparability.
124
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-45. Percentage Distribution of Persons with Unemployment During the Year by Sex and Extent of Unemployment, 1994–2004 (Percent.) Sex and extent of unemployment
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
TOTAL Total with Unemployment Who Worked During the Year ...................... Year-round workers with 1 or 2 weeks of unemployment ............................ Part-year workers with unemployment ......................................................... 1 to 4 weeks ............................................................................................. 5 to 10 weeks ........................................................................................... 11 to 14 weeks ......................................................................................... 15 to 26 weeks ......................................................................................... 27 weeks or more ....................................................................................
100.0 4.6 95.4 17.3 18.5 14.1 25.8 19.7
100.0 4.6 95.4 18.3 17.7 14.0 26.1 19.3
100.0 4.1 96.0 17.6 18.5 14.0 25.3 20.6
100.0 4.5 95.5 19.1 19.3 13.5 25.0 18.6
100.0 5.1 95.0 18.9 20.3 13.8 24.5 17.5
100.0 4.9 95.1 20.4 19.2 13.8 24.2 17.5
100.0 5.3 94.8 20.6 18.6 13.9 24.4 17.3
100.0 4.4 95.6 17.1 18.5 14.7 26.6 18.7
100.0 4.1 95.9 14.1 16.8 13.9 27.2 23.9
100.0 3.9 96.1 13.4 16.5 12.8 27.6 25.8
100.0 3.7 96.3 15.9 16.8 14.2 27.5 22.0
With 2 or more spells of unemployment ................................................... 2 spells ................................................................................................. 3 or more spells ..................................................................................
29.7 13.7 16.0
29.1 12.8 16.3
29.3 13.7 15.6
29.9 13.7 16.2
29.5 13.4 16.1
27.9 12.5 15.4
28.4 12.9 15.5
24.8 11.9 12.9
22.8 11.0 11.8
22.6 11.6 11.0
23.1 10.7 12.4
Total with Unemployment Who Worked During the Year ...................... Year-round workers with 1 or 2 weeks of unemployment ............................ Part-year workers with unemployment ......................................................... 1 to 4 weeks ............................................................................................. 5 to 10 weeks ........................................................................................... 11 to 14 weeks ......................................................................................... 15 to 26 weeks ......................................................................................... 27 weeks or more ....................................................................................
100.0 5.7 94.3 14.7 17.9 14.7 26.4 20.6
100.0 5.3 94.7 16.1 16.5 14.4 28.1 19.5
100.0 4.9 95.1 15.6 18.2 15.5 25.5 20.3
100.0 5.0 95.1 16.7 19.3 14.0 25.6 19.4
100.0 5.9 94.1 16.7 21.0 15.1 24.4 16.9
100.0 5.9 94.0 18.4 18.4 14.8 26.1 16.3
100.0 6.3 93.6 17.6 18.7 14.5 26.3 16.5
100.0 5.3 94.7 15.7 18.2 15.2 27.6 17.8
100.0 4.4 95.6 13.0 16.3 14.4 27.7 24.3
100.0 4.6 95.4 12.2 16.7 13.2 27.7 25.5
100.0 4.1 95.9 14.6 16.6 14.5 29.3 20.8
With 2 or more spells of unemployment ................................................... 2 spells ................................................................................................. 3 or more spells ..................................................................................
31.6 13.6 18.0
32.2 12.8 19.4
31.4 13.6 17.8
31.9 14.1 17.8
31.0 13.5 17.5
29.1 12.4 16.7
29.9 13.3 16.6
26.5 12.6 13.9
23.3 11.1 12.2
24.0 12.1 11.9
26.0 11.5 14.5
Total With Unemployment Who Worked During the Year ...................... Year-round workers with 1 or 2 weeks of unemployment ............................ Part-year workers with unemployment ......................................................... 1 to 4 weeks ............................................................................................. 5 to 10 weeks ........................................................................................... 11 to 14 weeks ......................................................................................... 15 to 26 weeks ......................................................................................... 27 weeks or more ....................................................................................
99.9 3.2 96.7 20.9 19.3 13.1 25.1 18.3
100.0 3.8 96.2 21.1 19.3 13.3 23.5 19.0
100.0 3.1 96.9 20.2 18.8 12.0 25.1 20.8
100.0 3.9 96.1 22.2 19.2 12.8 24.3 17.6
100.0 4.2 95.8 21.3 19.4 12.4 24.7 18.0
100.0 3.6 96.4 22.8 20.1 12.6 21.9 19.0
100.0 4.0 96.0 24.3 18.4 13.1 21.9 18.3
100.0 3.1 96.9 19.0 18.8 14.1 25.3 19.8
100.0 3.7 96.3 15.7 17.4 13.3 26.5 23.4
100.0 3.0 97.0 15.1 16.2 12.1 27.4 26.2
100.0 3.2 96.8 17.4 16.9 13.7 25.2 23.5
With 2 or more spells of unemployment ................................................... 2 spells ................................................................................................. 3 or more spells ..................................................................................
27.0 13.8 13.2
25.0 12.7 12.3
26.6 13.8 12.8
27.3 13.2 14.1
27.7 13.2 14.5
26.3 12.6 13.7
26.6 12.4 14.2
22.4 10.9 11.5
22.1 10.9 11.2
20.7 10.9 9.8
19.5 9.8 9.7
MEN
WOMEN
Note: See "Notes and Definitions" for information on historical comparability.
125
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-46. Number and Median Annual Earnings of Year-Round Full-Time Wage and Salary Workers by Age, Sex, and Race, 1990–2004 (Thousands of people, dollars.) Age, sex and race
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Total, 16 Years and Over .................... 16 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 44 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years .................................... 35 to 44 years .................................... 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................
74 728 6 978 45 086 23 201 21 885 14 070 7 458 1 137
74 449 6 571 44 811 22 541 22 270 14 718 7 219 1 130
75 517 6 224 45 022 22 469 22 553 15 652 7 590 1 029
77 427 6 685 45 951 22 637 23 314 16 424 7 208 1 159
79 875 6 684 47 150 23 193 23 957 17 366 7 500 1 174
83 407 6 892 48 695 23 310 25 385 18 436 8 122 1 263
85 611 6 809 49 225 23 071 26 154 19 714 8 455 1 408
86 905 7 063 49 513 23 186 26 327 20 109 8 901 1 318
89 748 7 618 50 264 23 048 27 216 21 274 9 273 1 318
91 722 7 631 50 532 22 952 27 580 22 375 9 594 1 590
94 359 8 384 51 159 23 044 28 115 23 307 9 870 1 639
94 531 7 989 49 939 22 744 27 195 23 855 10 948 1 800
94 526 7 903 49 120 22 657 26 463 23 999 11 584 1 921
94 731 7 631 48 343 22 512 25 831 24 507 12 207 2 042
96 098 7 702 48 421 22 405 26 016 25 074 12 812 2 090
Men, 16 Years and Over ...................... 16 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 44 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years .................................... 35 to 44 years .................................... 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................
44 574 3 982 27 069 13 941 13 128 8 168 4 650 705
43 523 3 596 26 353 13 303 13 050 8 479 4 403 694
43 894 3 457 26 335 13 146 13 189 8 908 4 588 606
45 494 3 853 27 161 13 400 13 761 9 522 4 238 719
47 255 3 918 28 000 13 749 14 251 10 120 4 460 757
49 334 4 094 28 940 13 844 15 096 10 589 4 884 827
50 407 3 942 29 282 13 817 15 465 11 372 4 908 903
50 772 4 021 29 453 13 735 15 718 11 388 5 133 775
52 509 4 479 29 763 13 612 16 151 12 030 5 438 801
53 132 4 347 29 738 13 471 16 267 12 546 5 498 1 003
54 477 4 602 30 080 13 497 16 583 13 045 5 693 1 057
54 630 4 605 29 271 13 386 15 885 13 363 6 253 1 138
54 420 4 570 28 855 13 400 15 455 13 330 6 502 1 163
54 575 4 421 28 499 13 288 15 211 13 616 6 872 1 165
55 610 4 493 28 763 13 430 15 333 13 975 7 165 1 213
Women, 16 Years and Over ................ 16 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 44 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years .................................... 35 to 44 years .................................... 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................
30 155 2 995 18 017 9 260 8 757 5 902 2 808 433
30 925 2 976 18 458 9 238 9 220 6 239 2 816 436
31 622 2 767 18 688 9 323 9 365 6 744 3 002 423
31 933 2 832 18 790 9 237 9 553 6 902 2 970 439
32 619 2 767 19 150 9 444 9 706 7 246 3 040 417
34 073 2 798 19 755 9 467 10 288 7 847 3 238 436
35 203 2 867 19 942 9 254 10 688 8 343 3 547 505
36 133 3 041 20 060 9 451 10 609 8 721 3 767 543
37 239 3 140 20 503 9 437 11 066 9 244 3 836 517
38 591 3 285 20 794 9 481 11 313 9 829 4 096 586
39 887 3 782 21 081 9 548 11 533 10 263 4 178 583
39 901 3 384 20 668 9 358 11 310 10 493 4 695 662
40 106 3 333 20 264 9 257 11 007 10 669 5 082 758
40 156 3 210 19 844 9 224 10 620 10 891 5 335 877
40 488 3 209 19 656 8 974 10 682 11 099 5 647 877
White, 16 Years and Over ................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................
64 128 38 915 25 213
63 926 38 018 25 908
64 706 38 267 26 439
65 656 39 347 26 309
67 370 40 589 26 782
70 430 42 608 27 822
72 068 43 554 28 514
72 650 43 429 29 221
75 046 44 901 30 145
76 203 45 211 30 992
77 790 46 105 31 685
78 306 46 373 31 933
77 632 45 823 31 809
77 545 45 816 31 729
78 236 46 317 31 919
Black, 16 Years and Over ................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................
8 027 4 162 3 865
7 941 4 001 3 940
7 995 4 011 3 984
8 478 4 259 4 219
9 074 4 598 4 476
9 446 4 686 4 759
9 706 4 682 5 024
10 248 5 026 5 222
10 532 5 202 5 329
11 145 5 411 5 734
11 899 5 636 6 264
11 001 5 281 5 720
10 966 5 150 5 816
10 979 5 196 5 783
11 301 5 470 5 832
Total, 16 Years and Over .................... 16 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................
24 000 14 400 22 000 27 970 28 000 26 000 23 841
25 000 14 100 23 000 28 000 29 000 27 000 22 000
25 871 15 000 24 000 29 483 30 000 27 430 24 000
26 000 15 000 24 000 30 000 30 500 28 000 24 000
26 620 15 000 24 480 30 000 32 343 30 000 24 377
27 000 15 500 25 000 30 000 32 000 30 000 29 600
28 000 15 600 25 300 31 000 33 000 30 000 26 496
30 000 16 000 27 000 32 000 35 000 32 000 28 200
30 000 18 000 28 500 33 000 35 000 34 000 26 000
31 000 18 000 30 000 34 992 36 000 35 000 30 000
32 000 19 000 30 000 35 000 38 000 35 000 32 000
34 000 20 000 31 000 36 000 39 500 36 400 32 000
35 000 20 000 31 800 37 000 40 000 39 145 33 000
35 000 20 000 32 000 39 000 40 000 40 000 32 000
35 672 20 000 33 000 40 000 40 000 40 000 35 000
Men, 16 Years and Over ...................... 16 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................
28 000 15 000 25 000 32 000 35 000 31 875 29 000
29 120 15 000 25 000 33 000 36 000 33 000 28 000
30 000 15 000 26 000 34 000 37 000 33 000 30 000
30 000 15 000 25 000 35 000 38 000 34 000 28 000
30 000 15 000 26 000 35 000 40 000 36 000 30 000
31 000 16 000 27 000 35 000 40 000 36 000 36 000
32 000 17 000 28 000 36 000 40 000 36 000 33 000
34 000 17 000 29 852 37 000 41 000 39 000 36 400
35 000 18 720 30 000 38 000 42 000 40 000 35 000
36 000 19 000 32 000 40 000 44 616 40 853 36 000
37 600 20 000 33 500 40 000 45 000 44 000 35 999
38 500 20 000 34 000 42 000 45 000 45 000 35 000
40 000 20 000 34 740 43 000 47 000 47 000 37 861
40 000 20 800 35 000 43 900 48 000 50 000 42 000
40 000 20 800 35 000 45 000 48 000 50 000 40 000
Women, 16 Years and Over ................ 16 to 24 years ........................................ 25 to 34 years ........................................ 35 to 44 years ........................................ 45 to 54 years ........................................ 55 to 64 years ........................................ 65 years and over ..................................
20 000 13 392 19 500 22 000 21 000 19 000 18 586
20 000 13 800 20 000 22 510 22 000 20 000 17 000
21 500 14 000 21 000 23 397 24 000 22 000 18 500
22 000 14 872 21 000 24 000 24 000 21 500 20 000
22 150 14 560 22 000 25 000 25 000 22 000 19 000
23 000 15 000 22 000 25 000 25 000 22 500 23 290
24 000 15 000 23 000 25 000 26 000 24 000 20 800
25 000 15 000 24 000 26 000 27 040 24 800 24 000
25 000 17 000 25 000 27 200 28 132 25 775 22 000
26 000 17 000 26 000 28 000 30 000 27 000 20 800
27 500 18 000 27 000 29 000 30 000 28 000 24 000
29 000 19 000 28 080 30 000 32 000 30 000 25 000
30 000 19 000 29 500 30 400 32 000 31 410 28 000
30 000 20 000 30 000 32 000 33 466 32 000 26 000
30 001 20 000 30 000 32 800 34 771 33 000 27 000
White, 16 Years and Over ................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................
25 000 29 000 20 000
25 000 30 000 20 500
26 200 31 000 22 000
27 000 30 700 22 000
28 000 32 000 23 000
28 000 32 000 23 000
29 000 33 000 24 000
30 000 35 000 25 000
31 000 36 000 26 000
32 000 37 200 27 000
34 000 39 000 28 000
35 000 40 000 30 000
35 000 40 000 30 000
36 000 40 000 31 000
37 000 42 000 31 800
Black, 16 Years and Over ................... Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................
19 350 20 800 18 000
20 000 22 000 18 500
21 000 22 312 20 000
20 800 23 000 19 843
21 000 23 500 20 000
22 000 24 500 20 000
23 784 26 000 21 000
24 000 26 000 22 000
25 000 27 000 23 000
25 760 30 000 24 000
26 000 30 000 25 000
28 500 30 000 26 000
29 000 30 000 26 000
30 000 32 000 27 000
30 000 30 000 28 000
NUMBER
MEDIAN ANNUAL EARNINGS
Note: Detail for the above race groups will not sum to totals because data for the "Other" races group are not presented. See "Notes and Definitions" for information on historical comparability.
126
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-47. Number and Median Annual Earnings of Year-Round Full-Time Wage and Salary Workers by Sex and Occupation of Job Held the Longest, 2002–2004 (Thousands of people, dollars.) Occupation
2002
2003
2004
Total, Number of Workers Management, business, and financial operations occupations ................. Management occupations ..................................................................... Business and financial operations occupations .................................... Professional and related occupations ....................................................... Computer and mathematical occupations ............................................. Architecture and engineering occupations ............................................ Life, physical, and social science occupations ...................................... Community and social services occupations ........................................ Legal occupations ................................................................................. Education, training, and library occupations ......................................... Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations ................ Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations ................................ Service occupations .................................................................................. Healthcare support occupations ............................................................ Protective service occupations .............................................................. Food preparation and serving related occupations ............................... Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations ............. Personal care and service occupations ................................................ Sales and office occupations .................................................................... Sales and related occupations .............................................................. Office and administrative support occupations ..................................... Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations ............... Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ........................................... Construction and extraction occupations .............................................. Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ................................ Production, transportation, and material moving occupations .................. Production occupations ......................................................................... Transportation and material moving occupations ................................. Armed forces ............................................................................................
15 707 11 350 4 357 19 149 2 644 2 257 1 094 1 694 1 006 4 606 1 453 4 395 12 011 1 767 2 042 3 592 2 843 1 767 23 791 9 929 13 862 9 823 573 5 256 3 994 13 386 7 736 5 650 658
15 552 11 102 4 450 19 607 2 598 2 273 1 010 1 698 1 149 4 918 1 374 4 586 11 990 1 703 2 385 3 223 2 942 1 735 23 766 9 804 13 962 9 709 562 5 070 4 077 13 391 7 670 5 721 717
15 575 11 125 4 451 19 592 2 680 2 349 999 1 632 1 087 4 742 1 416 4 688 12 457 1 781 2 406 3 383 3 116 1 771 23 619 9 951 13 668 10 574 629 5 711 4 234 13 648 7 787 5 861 632
Total, Median Annual Earnings Management, business, and financial operations occupations ................. Management occupations ..................................................................... Business and financial operations occupations .................................... Professional and related occupations ....................................................... Computer and mathematical occupations ............................................. Architecture and engineering occupations ............................................ Life, physical, and social science occupations ...................................... Community and social services occupations ........................................ Legal occupations ................................................................................. Education, training, and library occupations ......................................... Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations ................ Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations ................................ Service occupations .................................................................................. Healthcare support occupations ............................................................ Protective service occupations .............................................................. Food preparation and serving related occupations ............................... Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations ............. Personal care and service occupations ................................................ Sales and office occupations .................................................................... Sales and related occupations .............................................................. Office and administrative support occupations ..................................... Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations ............... Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ........................................... Construction and extraction occupations .............................................. Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ................................ Production, transportation, and material moving occupations .................. Production occupations ......................................................................... Transportation and material moving occupations ................................. Armed forces .............................................................................................
50 000 55 000 44 000 46 000 60 000 59 400 50 000 34 000 61 860 38 000 43 500 46 000 22 000 22 100 38 000 18 000 20 000 21 840 30 000 35 000 28 000 33 000 20 000 31 200 36 000 28 704 28 000 29 000 36 000
52 000 58 000 45 000 46 000 60 000 62 000 50 000 34 349 75 000 39 000 40 000 48 000 22 000 22 000 42 000 18 000 20 000 20 678 30 000 35 000 29 000 34 000 20 000 32 000 38 000 30 000 30 000 30 000 36 000
55 000 60 000 45 000 48 000 62 000 60 000 50 000 36 000 70 000 40 000 40 000 50 000 22 000 22 000 42 000 18 000 20 000 22 537 30 000 35 000 30 000 35 000 20 000 33 000 38 300 30 000 30 000 30 000 40 000
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
127
Table 1-47. Number and Median Annual Earnings of Year-Round Full-Time Wage and Salary Workers by Sex and Occupation of Job Held the Longest, 2002–2004—Continued (Thousands of people, dollars.) Occupation
2002
2003
2004
Men, Number of Workers Management, business, and financial operations occupations ................. Management occupations ..................................................................... Business and financial operations occupations .................................... Professional and related occupations ....................................................... Computer and mathematical occupations ............................................. Architecture and engineering occupations ............................................ Life, physical, and social science occupations ...................................... Community and social services occupations ........................................ Legal occupations ................................................................................. Education, training, and library occupations ......................................... Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations ................ Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations ................................ Service occupations .................................................................................. Healthcare supporting occupations ....................................................... Protective service occupations .............................................................. Food preparation and serving related occupations ............................... Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations ............. Personal care and service occupations ................................................ Sales and office occupations .................................................................... Sales and related occupations .............................................................. Office and administrative support occupations ..................................... Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations ............... Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ........................................... Construction and extraction occupations .............................................. Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ................................ Production, transportation, and material moving occupations .................. Production occupations ......................................................................... Transportation and material moving occupations ................................. Armed forces .............................................................................................
9 178 7 145 2 033 9 299 1 953 1 984 667 726 490 1 407 847 1 225 5 988 181 1 689 1 836 1 788 494 9 453 5 933 3 520 9 434 463 5 156 3 815 10 472 5 517 4 955 600
8 961 6 991 1 970 9 535 1 913 2 004 668 730 610 1 476 811 1 323 6 204 178 1 967 1 638 1 914 508 9 398 5 891 3 507 9 348 470 4 972 3 905 10 492 5 513 4 979 636
8 849 6 911 1 938 9 497 1 972 2 049 626 705 537 1 386 848 1 374 6 314 208 1 906 1 716 2 002 482 9 380 5 892 3 488 10 178 536 5 576 4 065 10 812 5 637 5 176 580
Men, Median Annual Earnings Management, business, and financial operations occupations ................. Management occupations ..................................................................... Business and financial operations occupations .................................... Professional and related occupations ....................................................... Computer and mathematical occupations ............................................. Architecture and engineering occupations ............................................ Life, physical, and social science occupations ...................................... Community and social services occupations ........................................ Legal occupations ................................................................................. Education, training, and library occupations ......................................... Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations ................ Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations ................................ Service occupations .................................................................................. Healthcare support occupations ............................................................ Protective service occupations .............................................................. Food preparation and serving related occupations ............................... Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations ............. Personal care and service occupations ................................................ Sales and office occupations .................................................................... Sales and related occupations .............................................................. Office and administrative support occupations ..................................... Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations ............... Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ........................................... Construction and extraction occupations .............................................. Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ................................ Production, transportation, and material moving occupations .................. Production occupations ......................................................................... Transportation and material moving occupations ................................. Armed forces .............................................................................................
60 000 65 000 52 000 55 000 60 000 60 000 52 000 35 000 100 000 45 600 46 000 72 000 25 000 24 000 40 000 20 000 24 500 30 000 38 000 41 600 32 000 33 592 22 000 31 304 36 000 30 000 30 360 30 000 36 000
60 200 65 000 51 000 58 000 65 000 64 558 50 801 35 000 100 000 48 000 45 000 65 500 26 000 22 537 44 000 18 720 22 156 28 559 39 000 41 000 32 000 34 283 22 000 32 000 38 000 32 000 32 000 30 000 36 000
65 000 70 000 55 000 58 000 65 000 61 785 55 000 38 000 101 000 47 000 45 000 70 000 25 000 20 400 44 000 18 720 24 000 26 000 40 000 44 000 34 000 35 000 22 000 33 000 38 870 33 000 34 000 32 000 40 000
128
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-47. Number and Median Annual Earnings of Year-Round Full-Time Wage and Salary Workers by Sex and Occupation of Job Held the Longest, 2002–2004—Continued (Thousands of people, dollars.) Occupation
2002
2003
2004
Women, Number of Workers Management, business and financial operations occupations .................. Management occupations ..................................................................... Business and financial operations occupations .................................... Professional and related occupations ....................................................... Computer and mathematical occupations ............................................. Architecture and engineering occupations ............................................ Life, physical, and social science occupations ...................................... Community and social services occupations ........................................ Legal occupations ................................................................................. Education, training, and library occupations ......................................... Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations ................ Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations ................................ Service occupations .................................................................................. Healthcare support occupations ............................................................ Protective service occupations .............................................................. Food preparation and serving related occupations ............................... Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations ............. Personal care and service occupations ................................................ Sales and office occupations .................................................................... Sales and related occupations .............................................................. Office and administrative support occupations ..................................... Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations ............... Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ........................................... Construction and extraction occupations .............................................. Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ................................ Production, transportation, and material moving occupations .................. Production occupations ......................................................................... Transportation and material moving occupations ................................. Armed forces .............................................................................................
6 529 4 205 2 324 9 851 691 273 428 968 516 3 199 606 3 170 6 026 1 586 354 1 757 1 055 1 274 14 338 3 996 10 342 391 111 100 180 2 914 2 219 695 58
6 591 4 111 2 479 10 071 685 269 342 968 539 3 441 563 3 263 5 786 1 525 419 1 585 1 029 1 228 14 368 3 913 10 455 361 92 97 172 2 899 2 157 742 81
6 726 4 214 2 512 10 095 708 300 373 927 550 3 356 568 3 314 6 144 1 573 500 1 668 1 115 1 289 14 239 4 060 10 180 396 93 135 169 2 835 2 150 685 52
Women, Median Annual Earnings Management, business, and financial operations occupations ................. Management occupations ..................................................................... Business and financial operations occupations .................................... Professional and related occupations ....................................................... Computer and mathematical occupations ............................................. Architecture and engineering occupations ............................................ Life, physical, and social science occupations ...................................... Community and social services occupations ........................................ Legal occupations ................................................................................. Education, training, and library occupations ......................................... Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations ................ Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations ................................ Service occupations .................................................................................. Healthcare support occupations ............................................................ Protective service occupations .............................................................. Food preparation and serving related occupations ............................... Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations ............. Personal care and service occupations ................................................ Sales and office occupations .................................................................... Sales and related occupations .............................................................. Office and administrative support occupations ..................................... Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ................................... Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ........................................... Construction and extraction occupations .............................................. Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ................................ Production, transportation, and material moving occupations .................. Production occupations ......................................................................... Transportation and material moving occupations ................................. Armed forces .............................................................................................
41 000 44 000 38 500 40 000 51 627 50 000 44 000 33 000 45 000 35 000 40 000 41 000 20 000 22 000 30 900 16 160 16 491 20 000 26 989 25 000 27 000 26 000 17 000 26 000 34 000 22 000 21 632 22 000 40 000
43 000 47 000 40 000 40 000 52 000 48 000 45 000 33 000 45 000 35 000 35 000 43 000 20 000 22 000 32 000 17 000 16 000 20 000 28 000 26 000 28 000 28 000 16 000 29 500 37 000 22 100 22 000 22 710 32 000
43 000 46 000 40 000 40 000 57 000 47 500 45 995 35 000 46 000 37 000 36 000 45 000 20 000 22 000 32 000 16 000 16 866 21 000 28 000 26 000 28 000 30 000 15 700 40 000 33 000 23 000 23 000 23 000 35 100
Note: See "Notes and Definitions" for information on historical comparability.
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
129
Table 1-48. Wage and Salary Workers Paid Hourly Rates with Earnings at or Below the Prevailing Federal Minimum Wage by Selected Characteristics, 2003–2004 (Thousands of people, percent.) Workers paid hourly rates Total at or below prevailing federal minimum wage
Characteristic
Below prevailing federal minimum wage
Total
At prevailing federal minimum wage
Percent of hourly-paid workers
Number
2003 Sex and Age Total, 16 years and over ....................................................... 16 to 24 years ................................................................... 25 years and over ............................................................. Men, 16 years and over ........................................................ 16 to 24 years ................................................................... 25 years and over ............................................................. Women, 16 years and over ................................................... 16 to 24 years ................................................................... 25 years and over .............................................................
72 946 15 871 57 075 35 853 8 031 27 823 37 093 7 841 29 252
1 555 776 780 493 237 256 1 062 538 524
545 330 215 213 154 58 332 175 157
2 100 1 105 995 706 392 315 1 394 713 681
2.9 7.0 1.7 2.0 4.9 1.1 3.8 9.1 2.3
Race, Hispanic Origin, and Sex White, 16 years and over 1 .................................................... Men ................................................................................... Women ............................................................................. Black, 16 years and over 1 ..................................................... Men ................................................................................... Women ............................................................................. Hispanic origin, 16 years and over ....................................... Men ................................................................................... Women .............................................................................
59 109 29 441 29 668 9 419 4 246 5 173 11 462 6 775 4 687
1 325 390 935 145 71 74 214 89 125
421 163 257 105 41 64 94 39 55
1 746 553 1 193 249 112 138 308 128 180
3.0 1.9 4.0 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.7 1.9 3.8
Full-and Part-Time Status and Sex 2 Full-time workers .................................................................. Men ................................................................................... Women ............................................................................. Part-time workers .................................................................. Men ................................................................................... Women .............................................................................
54 887 30 141 24 745 17 932 5 651 12 282
639 243 396 910 249 661
156 60 97 388 153 235
796 303 493 1 299 402 896
1.4 1.0 2.0 7.2 7.1 7.3
Sex and Age Total, 16 years and over ....................................................... 16 to 24 years ................................................................... 25 years and over ............................................................. Men, 16 years and over ........................................................ 16 to 24 years ................................................................... 25 years and over ............................................................. Women, 16 years and over ................................................... 16 to 24 years ................................................................... 25 years and over .............................................................
73 939 16 174 57 765 36 806 8 305 28 500 37 133 7 869 29 265
1 483 750 733 470 239 231 1 013 510 502
520 272 249 210 127 83 310 145 166
2 003 1 021 982 680 366 314 1 323 655 668
2.7 6.3 1.7 1.8 4.4 1.1 3.6 8.3 2.3
Race, Hispanic Origin, and Sex White, 16 years and over 1 .................................................... Men ................................................................................... Women ............................................................................. Black, 16 years and over 1 ..................................................... Men ................................................................................... Women ............................................................................. Hispanic origin, 16 years and over ....................................... Men ................................................................................... Women .............................................................................
59 877 30 255 29 621 9 417 4 243 5 174 12 073 7 183 4 890
1 286 393 892 128 49 79 168 66 102
395 161 234 99 40 59 82 32 49
1 681 555 1 126 228 89 138 250 99 151
2.8 1.8 3.8 2.4 2.1 2.7 2.1 1.4 3.1
Full-and Part-Time Status and Sex 2 Full-time workers .................................................................. Men ................................................................................... Women ............................................................................. Part-time workers .................................................................. Men ................................................................................... Women .............................................................................
55 739 30 951 24 788 18 046 5 770 12 276
583 223 360 897 246 651
177 77 100 343 132 210
760 300 460 1 240 378 861
1.4 1.0 1.9 6.9 6.6 7.0
2004
Note: The prevailing federal minimum wage was $5.15 per hour in 2004. Data are for wage and salary workers, excluding the incorporated self-employed. They refer to a person’s earnings for their sole or principal job, and pertain only to workers who are paid hourly rates. Salaried workers and other non-hourly workers are not included. The presence of workers with hourly earnings below the minimum wage does not necessarily indicate violations of the Fair Labor Standards Act, as there are exceptions to the minimum wage provisions of the law. In addition, some survey respondents might have rounded hourly earnings to the nearest dollar, and, as a result, reported hourly earnings below the minimum wage even though they earned the minimum wage or higher. Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. 1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race. distinction between full- and part-time workers is based on the hours usually worked. These data will not sum to totals because full- or part-time status on the principal job is not identifiable for a small number of multiple jobholders.
2The
130
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-49. Absences from Work of Employed Full-Time Wage and Salary Workers by Age and Sex, 2002–2004 (Thousands of people, percent.) Age and sex
Total employed
Absence rate 1 Total
Illness or injury
Lost worktime rate 2 Other reasons
Total
Illness or injury
Other reasons
2002 Total, 16 Years and Over ......................................... 16 to 19 years ............................................................ 20 to 24 years ............................................................ 25 years and over ...................................................... 25 to 54 years ........................................................ 55 years and over ..................................................
100 228 1 902 9 267 89 060 76 585 12 475
3.5 2.9 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.8
2.5 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.4 3.1
1.0 0.9 1.2 1.0 1.1 0.7
1.9 1.3 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.1
1.3 0.8 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.8
0.6 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.3
Men, 16 Years and Over .......................................... 16 to 19 years ............................................................ 20 to 24 years ............................................................ 25 years and over ...................................................... 25 to 54 years ........................................................ 55 years and over ..................................................
56 458 1 139 5 210 50 109 43 220 6 889
2.6 2.2 2.3 2.6 2.5 3.2
2.0 1.7 1.8 2.0 1.9 2.7
0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5
1.4 0.9 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.9
1.1 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.7
0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2
Women, 16 Years and Over ..................................... 16 to 19 years ............................................................ 20 to 24 years ............................................................ 25 years and over ...................................................... 25 to 54 years ........................................................ 55 years and over ..................................................
43 771 763 4 057 38 951 33 365 5 586
4.8 4.1 4.9 4.8 4.8 4.5
3.2 2.7 2.9 3.3 3.2 3.7
1.6 1.5 2.1 1.5 1.6 0.9
2.6 1.8 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.4
1.7 1.1 1.3 1.7 1.6 2.0
0.9 0.8 1.4 0.9 1.0 0.4
Total, 16 Years and Over ......................................... 16 to 19 years ............................................................ 20 to 24 years ............................................................ 25 years and over ...................................................... 25 to 54 years ........................................................ 55 years and over ..................................................
100 198 1 633 9 183 89 382 76 216 13 166
3.3 2.8 3.1 3.4 3.3 3.6
2.4 2.0 2.0 2.4 2.3 2.9
1.0 0.8 1.1 0.9 1.0 0.6
1.8 1.4 1.5 1.8 1.8 2.1
1.3 0.9 0.9 1.3 1.2 1.8
0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.3
Men, 16 Years and Over .......................................... 16 to 19 years ............................................................ 20 to 24 years ............................................................ 25 years and over ...................................................... 25 to 54 years ........................................................ 55 years and over ..................................................
56 159 956 5 201 50 001 42 863 7 138
2.5 2.2 2.1 2.5 2.4 2.9
1.9 1.6 1.5 1.9 1.8 2.4
0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5
1.3 1.1 1.0 1.4 1.3 1.7
1.1 0.8 0.7 1.1 1.0 1.5
0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2
Women, 16 Years and Over ..................................... 16 to 19 years ............................................................ 20 to 24 years ............................................................ 25 years and over ...................................................... 25 to 54 years ........................................................ 55 years and over ..................................................
44 039 677 3 981 39 381 33 353 6 028
4.4 3.7 4.5 4.4 4.4 4.3
3.0 2.6 2.7 3.0 2.9 3.5
1.4 1.1 1.8 1.4 1.5 0.8
2.4 1.7 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.5
1.6 1.0 1.1 1.6 1.5 2.1
0.8 0.7 1.1 0.8 0.9 0.4
Total, 16 Years and Over ......................................... 16 to 19 years ............................................................ 20 to 24 years ............................................................ 25 years and over ...................................................... 25 to 54 years ........................................................ 55 years and over ..................................................
101 011 1 663 9 191 90 157 76 458 13 699
3.2 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.1 3.5
2.3 2.4 2.0 2.3 2.2 2.9
0.9 0.8 1.1 0.9 1.0 0.7
1.7 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.7 2.1
1.2 1.2 0.9 1.3 1.2 1.8
0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.3
Men, 16 Years and Over .......................................... 16 to 19 years ............................................................ 20 to 24 years ............................................................ 25 years and over ...................................................... 25 to 54 years ........................................................ 55 years and over ..................................................
56 922 1 015 5 242 50 665 43 177 7 489
2.3 2.9 2.2 2.3 2.2 3.0
1.8 2.4 1.6 1.8 1.7 2.4
0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5
1.2 1.7 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.9
1.0 1.4 0.8 1.0 0.9 1.6
0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2
Women, 16 Years and Over ..................................... 16 to 19 years ............................................................ 20 to 24 years ............................................................ 25 years and over ...................................................... 25 to 54 years ........................................................ 55 years and over ..................................................
44 088 648 3 949 39 492 33 282 6 210
4.4 3.7 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.2
2.9 2.3 2.6 3.0 2.9 3.4
1.4 1.3 1.8 1.4 1.5 0.9
2.4 1.8 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.4
1.5 0.9 1.1 1.6 1.5 2.0
0.9 0.9 1.2 0.8 0.9 0.4
2003
2004
Note: Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. 1Absences
are defined as instances when persons who usually work 35 or more hours a week worked less than 35 hours during the reference week for reasons including: own illness, injury, or medical problems; child care problems; other family or personal obligations; civic or military duty; and maternity or paternity leave. Excluded are situations in which work was missed due to vacation or personal days, holiday, labor dispute, and other reasons. For multiple jobholders, absence data refer only to work missed at their main jobs. The absence rate is the ratio of workers with absences to total full-time wage and salary employment. The estimates of full-time wage and salary employment shown in this table do not match those in other tables because the estimates in this table are based on the full Current Population Survey (CPS) sample. Those in the other tables are based on a quarter of the sample only. 2Hours absent as a percentage of the hours usually worked.
131
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-50. Median Years of Tenure with Current Employer for Employed Wage and Salary Workers by Age and Sex, Selected Years, 1983–2004 (Number.) Age and sex
January 1983
January 1987
January 1991
January 1996
February 1998
February 2000
January 2002
January 2004
Total 16 years and over ............................................... 16 to 17 years ................................................. 18 to 19 years ................................................. 20 to 24 years ................................................. 25 years and over ............................................... 25 to 34 years ................................................. 35 to 44 years ................................................. 45 to 54 years ................................................. 55 to 64 years ................................................. 65 years and over ...........................................
3.5 0.7 0.8 1.5 5.0 3.0 5.2 9.5 12.2 9.6
3.4 0.6 0.7 1.3 5.0 2.9 5.5 8.8 11.6 9.5
3.6 0.7 0.8 1.3 4.8 2.9 5.4 8.9 11.1 8.1
3.8 0.7 0.7 1.2 5.0 2.8 5.3 8.3 10.2 8.4
3.6 0.6 0.7 1.1 4.7 2.7 5.0 8.1 10.1 7.8
3.5 0.6 0.7 1.1 4.7 2.6 4.8 8.2 10.0 9.4
3.7 0.7 0.8 1.2 4.7 2.7 4.6 7.6 9.9 8.6
4.0 0.7 0.8 1.3 4.9 2.9 4.9 7.7 9.6 9.0
Men 16 years and over ............................................... 16 to 17 years ................................................. 18 to 19 years ................................................. 20 to 24 years ................................................. 25 years and over ............................................... 25 to 34 years ................................................. 35 to 44 years ................................................. 45 to 54 years ................................................. 55 to 64 years ................................................. 65 years and over ...........................................
4.1 0.7 0.8 1.5 5.9 3.2 7.3 12.8 15.3 8.3
4.0 0.6 0.7 1.3 5.7 3.1 7.0 11.8 14.5 8.3
4.1 0.7 0.8 1.4 5.4 3.1 6.5 11.2 13.4 7.0
4.0 0.6 0.7 1.2 5.3 3.0 6.1 10.1 10.5 8.3
3.8 0.6 0.7 1.2 4.9 2.8 5.5 9.4 11.2 7.1
3.8 0.6 0.7 1.2 4.9 2.7 5.3 9.5 10.2 9.0
3.9 0.8 0.8 1.4 4.9 2.8 5.0 9.1 10.2 8.1
4.1 0.7 0.8 1.3 5.1 3.0 5.2 9.6 9.8 8.2
Women 16 years and over ............................................... 16 to 17 years ................................................. 18 to 19 years ................................................. 20 to 24 years ................................................. 25 years and over ............................................... 25 to 34 years ................................................. 35 to 44 years ................................................. 45 to 54 years ................................................. 55 to 64 years ................................................. 65 years and over ...........................................
3.1 0.7 0.8 1.5 4.2 2.8 4.1 6.3 9.8 10.1
3.0 0.6 0.7 1.3 4.3 2.6 4.4 6.8 9.7 9.9
3.2 0.7 0.8 1.3 4.3 2.7 4.5 6.7 9.9 9.5
3.5 0.7 0.7 1.2 4.7 2.7 4.8 7.0 10.0 8.4
3.4 0.7 0.7 1.1 4.4 2.5 4.5 7.2 9.6 8.7
3.3 0.6 0.7 1.0 4.4 2.5 4.3 7.3 9.9 9.7
3.4 0.7 0.7 1.1 4.4 2.5 4.2 6.5 9.6 9.5
3.8 0.6 0.8 1.3 4.7 2.8 4.5 6.4 9.2 9.6
Note: Data beginning 2000 reflect the introduction of Census 2000 population controls in January 2003 and are not strictly comparable with data for prior years. In addition, data for 2004 reflect the introduction of revised population controls in January 2003 and January 2004. Data for 1996 and 1998 are based on population controls from the 1990 census. Data for the period 1983–1991 are based on population controls from the 1980 census. Also, beginning in 1996, the figures incorporate the effects of the redesign of the Current Population Survey (CPS) introduced in January 1994. Data exclude the incorporated and unincorporated self-employed.
132
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-51. Median Years of Tenure with Current Employer for Employed Wage and Salary Workers by Industry, Selected Years, 2000–2004 (Number.) Industry
February 2000
January 2002
January 2004
TOTAL, 16 YEARS AND OVER ............................................................................
3.5
3.7
4.0
Private sector ................................................................................................... Agriculture and related industries ................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ............................................................................... Mining ......................................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................................... Manufacturing ............................................................................................ Durable goods manufacturing ................................................................ Nonmetallic mineral products ............................................................. Primary metals and fabricated metal products ................................... Machinery manufacturing ................................................................... Computers and electronic products ................................................... Electrical equipment and appliances .................................................. Transportation equipment .................................................................. Wood products ................................................................................... Furniture and fixtures ......................................................................... Miscellaneous manufacturing ............................................................. Nondurable goods manufacturing .......................................................... Food manufacturing ........................................................................... Beverage and tobacco products ........................................................ Textiles, apparel, and leather ............................................................. Paper and printing .............................................................................. Petroleum and coal products ............................................................. Chemicals .......................................................................................... Plastics and rubber products .............................................................. Wholesale and retail trade ......................................................................... Wholesale trade ..................................................................................... Retail trade ............................................................................................. Transportation and utilities ......................................................................... Transportation and warehousing ............................................................ Utilities .................................................................................................... Information 1 ............................................................................................... Publishing, except Internet ..................................................................... Motion picture and sound recording industries ...................................... Broadcasting, except Internet ................................................................ Telecommunications .............................................................................. Financial activities ...................................................................................... Finance and insurance ........................................................................... Finance .................................................................................................. Insurance ............................................................................................... Real estate and rental and leasing ............................................................. Real estate ............................................................................................. Rental and leasing services ................................................................... Professional and business services ............................................................... Professional and technical services ........................................................... Management, administrative, and waste services 1 ................................... Administrative and support services ...................................................... Waste management and remediation services ...................................... Education and health services ....................................................................... Educational services .................................................................................. Health care and social assistance .............................................................. Hospitals ................................................................................................ Health services, except hospitals ........................................................... Social assistance ................................................................................... Leisure and hospitality ................................................................................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation ............................................................ Accommodation and food services ............................................................ Accommodation ..................................................................................... Food services and drinking places ......................................................... Other services ................................................................................................ Other services, except private households ................................................ Repair and maintenance ........................................................................ Personal and laundry services ............................................................... Membership associations and organizations ......................................... Other services, private households ............................................................
3.2 3.7 3.2 4.8 2.7 4.9 4.8 5.5 5.0 5.3 3.9 5.0 6.4 3.7 4.4 3.7 5.0 4.6 5.5 4.7 5.1 9.5 6.0 4.6 2.7 3.9 2.5 4.7 4.0 11.5 3.4 4.2 1.6 3.6 4.3 3.5 3.6 3.3 4.4 3.1 3.1 3.0 2.4 2.6 2.0 1.8 3.6 3.4 3.2 3.5 5.1 3.2 2.4 1.7 2.6 1.5 2.8 1.4 3.1 3.2 3.0 2.7 4.0 3.0
3.3 4.2 3.3 4.5 3.0 5.4 5.5 5.3 6.3 6.8 4.7 5.5 7.0 4.3 4.7 4.5 5.3 5.0 4.6 5.0 6.2 9.8 5.7 5.3 2.8 3.9 2.6 4.9 4.3 13.4 3.3 4.8 2.3 3.1 3.4 3.6 3.9 3.6 4.5 3.0 3.2 2.2 2.7 3.1 2.1 1.9 4.3 3.5 3.6 3.5 4.9 3.1 2.5 1.8 2.3 1.6 2.7 1.4 3.3 3.3 3.0 2.8 4.1 2.7
3.5 3.7 3.5 5.2 3.0 5.8 6.0 4.8 6.4 6.4 5.2 9.8 7.7 5.0 4.7 4.6 5.5 4.9 8.0 5.0 6.9 11.4 5.3 5.7 3.1 4.3 2.8 5.3 4.7 13.3 4.3 4.7 2.2 4.0 4.6 3.9 4.1 4.0 4.4 3.3 3.5 2.9 3.2 3.6 2.6 2.4 3.4 3.6 3.8 3.6 4.7 3.3 2.8 2.0 2.8 1.9 3.1 1.6 3.3 3.5 3.2 3.4 3.9 2.3
Public sector ..................................................................................................... Federal government ....................................................................................... State government ........................................................................................... Local government ...........................................................................................
7.1 11.5 5.5 6.7
6.7 11.3 5.4 6.2
6.9 10.4 6.4 6.4
Note: Data reflect the introduction of Census 2000 population controls in January 2003 and are not strictly comparable with data for prior years. In addition, data for 2004 reflect the introduction of additional revised population controls in January 2003 and January 2004. Industries reflect the introduction of the 2002 Census industry classification system derived from the 2002 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) into the Current Population Survey (CPS). Data refer to the sole or principal job of full- and part-time workers. Excluded are all self-employed workers, regardless of whether or not their businesses are incorporated. 1Includes
other industries, not shown separately.
133
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-52. Employment Status of the Population by Sex and Marital Status, March 1990–2005 (Thousands of people, percent.) Men
Women
Labor force Marital status and year Population
Total Number
Labor force Unemployed
Percent of population
Employed Number
Population
Percent of labor force
Total Number
Unemployed
Percent of population
Employed Number
Percent of labor force
Single 1990 ...................................................... 1991 ...................................................... 1992 ...................................................... 1993 ...................................................... 1994 ......................................................
25 757 26 220 26 529 26 951 28 350
18 829 19 014 19 229 19 625 20 365
73.1 72.5 72.5 72.8 71.8
16 893 16 418 16 401 16 858 17 826
1 936 2 596 2 828 2 767 2 539
10.3 13.7 14.7 14.1 12.5
21 088 21 688 21 738 21 848 22 885
14 003 14 125 14 072 14 091 14 903
66.4 65.1 64.7 64.5 65.1
12 856 12 887 12 793 12 711 13 419
1 147 1 238 1 279 1 380 1 484
8.2 8.8 9.1 9.8 10.0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
28 318 28 695 29 294 29 558 29 883
20 449 20 561 20 942 21 255 21 329
72.2 71.7 71.5 71.9 71.4
18 286 18 097 18 683 19 124 19 465
2 163 2 464 2 259 2 131 1 864
10.6 12.0 10.8 10.0 8.7
22 853 23 632 24 215 24 808 25 674
14 974 15 417 16 178 16 885 17 486
65.5 65.2 66.8 68.1 68.1
13 673 14 084 14 747 15 626 16 185
1 301 1 333 1 431 1 259 1 301
8.7 8.6 8.8 7.5 7.4
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
30 232 30 968 32 220 32 852 33 786 34 069
21 641 22 232 22 761 22 821 23 212 23 335
71.6 71.8 70.6 69.5 68.7 68.5
19 823 20 239 20 066 20 194 20 434 20 831
1 818 1 993 2 695 2 627 2 778 2 504
8.4 9.0 11.8 11.5 12.0 10.7
25 863 26 180 26 942 27 527 28 033 28 508
17 749 17 900 18 079 17 901 18 089 18 554
68.6 68.4 67.1 65.0 64.5 65.1
16 446 16 631 16 499 16 219 16 506 16 902
1 303 1 269 1 580 1 682 1 583 1 652
7.3 7.1 8.7 9.4 8.8 8.9
Married, Spouse Present 1990 ...................................................... 1991 ...................................................... 1992 ...................................................... 1993 ...................................................... 1994 ......................................................
52 464 52 460 52 780 53 488 53 436
41 020 40 883 40 930 41 255 40 993
78.2 77.9 77.5 77.1 76.7
39 562 38 843 38 650 39 069 39 085
1 458 2 040 2 280 2 186 1 908
3.6 5.0 5.6 5.3 4.7
53 207 53 176 53 464 54 146 54 198
30 967 31 103 31 686 32 158 32 863
58.2 58.5 59.3 59.4 60.6
29 870 29 668 30 130 30 757 31 397
1 097 1 435 1 556 1 401 1 466
3.5 4.6 4.9 4.4 4.5
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
54 166 53 996 53 981 54 685 55 256
41 806 41 837 41 967 42 288 42 557
77.2 77.5 77.7 77.3 77.0
40 262 40 356 40 628 41 039 41 476
1 544 1 481 1 339 1 249 1 081
3.7 3.5 3.2 3.0 2.5
54 902 54 640 54 611 55 241 55 801
33 563 33 382 33 907 34 136 34 349
61.1 61.1 62.1 61.8 61.6
32 267 32 258 32 836 33 028 33 403
1 296 1 124 1 071 1 108 946
3.9 3.4 3.2 3.2 2.8
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
55 897 56 152 57 325 57 940 58 395 58 854
43 254 43 463 44 271 44 700 44 860 45 263
77.4 77.4 77.2 77.1 76.8 76.9
42 261 42 245 42 508 42 797 43 247 43 763
993 1 218 1 763 1 903 1 613 1 500
2.3 2.8 4.0 4.3 3.6 3.3
56 432 56 740 57 883 58 545 59 008 59 449
34 959 35 234 35 624 36 185 35 918 35 809
61.9 62.1 61.5 61.8 60.9 60.2
33 998 34 273 34 295 34 806 34 582 34 738
961 961 1 329 1 379 1 336 1 071
2.7 2.7 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.0
Widowed, Divorced, or Separated 1990 ...................................................... 1991 ...................................................... 1992 ...................................................... 1993 ...................................................... 1994 ......................................................
11 152 11 588 11 927 11 861 12 239
7 513 7 804 8 049 7 956 8 156
67.4 67.3 67.5 67.1 66.6
6 959 6 985 7 140 7 055 7 382
554 819 909 901 774
7.4 10.5 11.3 11.3 9.5
23 857 24 105 24 582 24 661 25 098
11 168 11 145 11 486 11 308 11 879
46.8 46.2 46.7 45.9 47.3
10 530 10 386 10 610 10 528 10 995
638 759 876 780 884
5.7 6.8 7.6 6.9 7.4
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
12 410 13 176 14 113 14 166 14 225
8 315 8 697 9 420 9 482 9 449
67.0 66.0 66.7 66.9 66.4
7 632 7 976 8 715 8 954 8 971
683 721 705 528 478
8.2 8.3 7.5 5.6 5.1
25 373 25 786 26 301 26 092 26 199
12 001 12 430 12 814 12 880 12 951
47.3 48.2 48.7 49.4 49.4
11 308 11 742 12 071 12 235 12 307
693 688 743 645 644
5.8 5.5 5.8 5.0 5.0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
14 289 14 392 14 617 15 180 15 059 15 779
9 623 9 421 9 650 9 855 9 789 10 256
67.3 65.5 66.0 64.9 65.0 65.0
9 152 8 927 8 931 9 020 9 059 9 569
471 494 719 835 730 687
4.9 5.2 7.5 8.5 7.5 6.7
26 354 26 747 27 802 28 240 28 228 28 576
13 228 13 454 13 716 14 154 14 194 14 233
50.2 50.3 49.3 50.1 50.3 49.8
12 657 12 887 12 855 13 240 13 324 13 472
571 567 861 914 870 761
4.3 4.2 6.3 6.5 6.1 5.3
134
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-52. Employment Status of the Population by Sex and Marital Status, March 1990–2005—Continued (Thousands of people, percent.) Men
Women
Labor force Marital status and year Population
Total Number
Labor force Unemployed
Percent of population
Employed Number
Population
Percent of labor force
Total Number
Unemployed
Percent of population
Employed Number
Percent of labor force
Widowed 1990 ...................................................... 1991 ...................................................... 1992 ...................................................... 1993 ...................................................... 1994 ......................................................
2 331 2 385 2 529 2 468 2 220
519 486 566 596 474
22.3 20.4 22.4 24.1 21.4
490 448 501 535 440
29 38 65 61 34
5.6 7.8 11.5 10.2 7.2
11 477 11 288 11 325 11 214 11 073
2 243 2 150 2 131 1 961 1 945
19.5 19.0 18.8 17.5 17.6
2 149 2 044 2 029 1 856 1 825
94 106 102 105 120
4.2 4.9 4.8 5.4 6.2
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
2 282 2 476 2 686 2 567 2 540
496 487 559 563 562
21.7 19.7 20.8 21.9 22.1
469 466 529 551 532
27 21 30 12 30
5.4 4.3 5.4 2.1 5.3
11 080 11 070 11 058 11 027 10 943
1 941 1 916 2 018 2 157 2 039
17.5 17.3 18.2 19.6 18.6
1 844 1 820 1 926 2 071 1 942
97 96 92 86 97
5.0 5.0 4.6 4.0 4.8
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
2 601 2 638 2 635 2 694 2 651 2 729
583 568 629 628 581 618
22.4 21.5 23.9 23.3 21.9 22.6
547 546 581 588 558 590
36 22 48 40 23 28
6.2 3.9 7.6 6.4 4.0 4.5
11 061 11 182 11 411 11 295 11 159 11 125
2 011 2 137 2 001 2 087 2 157 2 111
18.2 19.1 17.5 18.5 19.3 19.0
1 911 2 045 1 887 1 991 2 048 2 005
100 92 114 96 109 106
5.0 4.3 5.7 4.6 5.1 5.0
Divorced 1990 ...................................................... 1991 ...................................................... 1992 ...................................................... 1993 ...................................................... 1994 ......................................................
6 256 6 586 6 743 6 770 7 222
5 004 5 262 5 418 5 330 5 548
80.0 79.9 80.3 78.7 76.8
4 639 4 722 4 823 4 736 5 028
365 540 595 594 520
7.3 10.3 11.0 11.1 9.4
8 845 9 152 9 569 9 879 10 113
6 678 6 779 7 076 7 183 7 473
75.5 74.1 73.9 72.7 73.9
6 333 6 365 6 578 6 736 6 962
345 414 498 447 511
5.2 6.1 7.0 6.2 6.8
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
7 343 7 734 8 191 8 307 8 529
5 739 5 954 6 298 6 378 6 481
78.2 77.0 76.9 76.8 76.0
5 266 5 468 5 851 6 045 6 151
473 486 447 333 330
8.2 8.2 7.1 5.2 5.1
10 262 10 508 11 102 11 065 11 130
7 559 7 829 8 092 8 038 8 171
73.7 74.5 72.9 72.6 73.4
7 206 7 468 7 666 7 687 7 841
353 361 426 351 330
4.7 4.6 5.3 4.4 4.0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
8 532 8 580 8 643 8 938 8 942 9 196
6 583 6 403 6 519 6 621 6 622 6 754
77.2 74.6 75.4 74.1 74.1 73.4
6 279 6 074 6 053 6 052 6 104 6 281
304 329 466 569 518 473
4.6 5.1 7.1 8.6 7.8 7.0
11 061 11 719 12 227 12 653 12 817 12 950
8 505 8 662 8 902 9 191 9 246 9 253
76.9 73.9 72.8 72.6 72.1 71.5
8 217 8 335 8 416 8 673 8 706 8 836
288 327 486 518 540 417
3.4 3.8 5.5 5.6 5.8 4.5
Separated 1990 ...................................................... 1991 ...................................................... 1992 ...................................................... 1993 ...................................................... 1994 ......................................................
2 565 2 616 2 655 2 623 2 797
1 990 2 057 2 065 2 030 2 134
77.6 78.6 77.8 77.4 76.3
1 830 1 816 1 816 1 784 1 914
160 241 249 246 220
8.0 11.7 12.1 12.1 10.3
3 535 3 665 3 688 3 568 3 911
2 247 2 216 2 279 2 165 2 461
63.6 60.5 61.8 60.7 62.9
2 048 1 977 2 003 1 937 2 208
199 239 276 228 253
8.9 10.8 12.1 10.5 10.3
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
2 784 2 966 3 236 3 293 3 156
2 081 2 255 2 563 2 542 2 405
74.7 76.0 79.2 77.2 76.2
1 898 2 041 2 335 2 358 2 287
183 214 228 184 118
8.8 9.5 8.9 7.2 4.9
4 031 4 209 4 141 4 000 4 126
2 501 2 684 2 705 2 683 2 740
62.0 63.8 65.3 67.1 66.4
2 258 2 453 2 480 2 476 2 523
243 231 225 207 217
9.7 8.6 8.3 7.7 7.9
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3 157 3 174 3 339 3 548 3 466 3 855
2 456 2 450 2 502 2 606 2 586 2 884
77.8 77.2 74.9 73.4 74.6 74.8
2 326 2 307 2 297 2 380 2 397 2 698
130 143 205 226 189 186
5.3 5.8 8.2 8.7 7.3 6.4
4 012 3 846 4 164 4 293 4 251 4 501
2 711 2 654 2 812 2 877 2 791 2 870
67.6 69.0 67.5 67.0 65.7 63.8
2 528 2 507 2 551 2 576 2 569 2 632
183 147 261 301 222 238
6.8 5.5 9.3 10.5 8.0 8.3
Note: See "Notes and Definitions" for information on historical comparability.
135
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-53. Employment Status of All Women and Single Women by Presence and Age of Children, March 1990–2005 (Thousands of people, percent.) All women
Age of children and year
Civilian labor force
Single women
Civilian Employed labor force as percent Percent Percent of Number full-time part-time population
Unemployed
Number
Percent of labor force
Civilian labor force
Civilian Employed labor force as percent Percent Percent of Number full-time part-time population
Unemployed
Number
Percent of labor force
Women with No Children Under 18 Years 1990 ....................................................... 1991 ....................................................... 1992 ....................................................... 1993 ....................................................... 1994 .......................................................
33 942 34 047 34 487 34 495 35 454
52.3 52.0 52.3 52.1 53.1
32 391 32 167 32 481 32 476 33 343
74.4 74.0 74.3 74.6 72.7
25.6 26.0 25.7 25.4 27.3
1 551 1 880 2 006 2 020 2 110
4.6 5.5 5.8 5.9 6.0
12 478 12 472 12 355 12 223 12 737
68.1 67.0 66.9 66.4 66.8
11 611 11 529 11 374 11 201 11 674
65.9 66.2 66.6 66.1 64.5
34.1 33.8 33.4 33.9 35.5
866 943 982 1 022 1 063
6.9 7.6 7.9 8.4 8.3
1995 ....................................................... 1996 ....................................................... 1997 ....................................................... 1998 ....................................................... 1999 .......................................................
35 843 36 509 37 295 38 253 39 316
52.9 53.0 53.6 54.1 54.3
34 054 34 698 35 572 36 680 37 589
72.9 73.3 73.7 74.1 74.6
27.1 26.7 26.3 25.9 25.4
1 789 1 811 1 723 1 573 1 727
5.0 5.0 4.6 4.1 4.4
12 870 13 172 13 405 13 888 14 435
67.1 66.1 66.5 67.2 67.1
11 919 12 255 12 442 13 082 13 491
64.5 64.6 64.0 64.8 65.6
35.5 35.4 36.0 35.2 34.4
951 918 964 806 944
7.4 7.0 7.2 5.8 6.5
2000 ....................................................... 2001 ....................................................... 2002 ....................................................... 2003 ....................................................... 2004 ....................................................... 2005 .......................................................
40 142 40 836 41 278 42 039 42 289 42 039
54.8 54.9 54.0 54.1 53.8 54.1
38 408 39 219 39 038 39 667 40 000 39 667
75.4 75.7 75.1 74.8 74.6 74.8
24.6 24.3 24.9 25.2 25.4 25.2
1 733 1 617 2 241 2 372 2 289 2 372
4.3 4.0 5.4 5.6 5.4 5.6
14 677 14 877 14 855 14 678 14 828 14 678
67.6 67.4 65.6 63.5 63.0 63.5
13 713 13 993 13 682 13 430 13 670 13 430
66.6 67.3 65.9 65.1 65.5 65.1
33.4 32.7 34.1 34.9 34.5 34.9
964 884 1 173 1 249 1 157 1 249
6.6 5.9 7.9 8.5 7.8 8.5
Women with Children Under 18 Years 1990 ....................................................... 1991 ....................................................... 1992 ....................................................... 1993 ....................................................... 1994 .......................................................
22 196 22 327 22 756 23 063 24 191
66.7 66.6 67.2 66.9 68.4
20 865 20 774 21 052 21 521 22 467
73.0 73.0 73.8 73.9 70.8
27.0 27.0 26.2 26.1 29.2
1 331 1 552 1 704 1 541 1 724
6.0 7.0 7.5 6.7 7.1
1 525 1 654 1 716 1 869 2 166
55.2 53.6 52.5 54.4 56.9
1 244 1 358 1 420 1 510 1 745
79.1 76.4 75.9 74.8 73.9
20.9 23.6 24.1 25.2 26.1
280 296 297 359 421
18.4 17.9 17.3 19.2 19.4
1995 ....................................................... 1996 ....................................................... 1997 ....................................................... 1998 ....................................................... 1999 .......................................................
24 695 24 720 25 604 25 647 25 469
69.7 70.2 72.1 72.3 72.1
23 195 23 386 24 082 24 209 24 305
71.7 72.6 74.1 74.0 74.1
28.3 27.4 25.9 26.0 25.9
1 500 1 334 1 522 1 438 1 165
6.1 5.4 5.9 5.6 4.6
2 104 2 245 2 772 2 997 3 051
57.5 60.5 68.1 72.5 73.4
1 754 1 829 2 305 2 544 2 694
73.6 73.5 76.6 75.6 75.8
26.4 26.5 23.4 24.4 24.2
350 416 467 453 357
16.6 18.5 16.8 15.1 11.7
2000 ....................................................... 2001 ....................................................... 2002 ....................................................... 2003 ....................................................... 2004 ....................................................... 2005 .......................................................
25 795 25 751 26 140 26 202 25 913 26 202
72.9 73.1 72.2 71.7 70.7 71.7
24 693 24 572 24 612 24 598 24 413 24 598
74.6 75.6 74.8 74.3 74.2 74.3
25.4 24.4 25.2 25.7 25.8 25.7
1 102 1 179 1 529 1 603 1 501 1 603
4.3 4.6 5.8 6.1 5.8 6.1
3 073 3 022 3 224 3 222 3 262 3 222
73.9 73.8 75.3 73.1 72.6 73.1
2 734 2 638 2 818 2 789 2 836 2 789
79.7 81.8 79.1 79.5 76.8 79.5
20.3 18.2 20.9 20.5 23.2 20.5
339 385 406 433 426 433
11.0 12.7 12.6 13.4 13.1 13.4
Women with Children Under 6 Years 1990 ....................................................... 1991 ....................................................... 1992 ....................................................... 1993 ....................................................... 1994 .......................................................
9 397 9 636 9 573 9 621 10 328
58.2 58.4 58.0 57.9 60.3
8 732 8 758 8 662 8 764 9 394
69.6 69.5 70.2 70.1 67.1
30.4 30.5 29.8 29.9 32.9
664 878 911 857 935
7.1 9.1 9.5 8.9 9.1
929 1 050 1 029 1 125 1 379
48.7 48.8 45.8 47.4 52.2
736 819 829 869 1 062
75.0 72.2 73.2 70.0 70.0
25.0 27.8 26.8 30.0 30.0
194 231 200 257 317
20.9 22.0 19.4 22.8 23.0
1995 ....................................................... 1996 ....................................................... 1997 ....................................................... 1998 ....................................................... 1999 .......................................................
10 395 10 293 10 610 10 619 10 322
62.3 62.3 65.0 65.2 64.4
9 587 9 592 9 800 9 839 9 674
67.5 68.4 70.5 69.8 69.0
32.5 31.6 29.5 30.2 31.0
809 701 810 780 648
7.8 6.8 7.6 7.3 6.3
1 328 1 378 1 755 1 755 1 811
53.0 55.1 65.1 67.3 68.1
1 069 1 099 1 424 1 448 1 565
68.6 67.3 71.6 71.7 71.0
31.4 32.7 28.4 28.3 29.0
259 279 330 307 246
19.5 20.2 18.8 17.5 13.6
2000 ....................................................... 2001 ....................................................... 2002 ....................................................... 2003 ....................................................... 2004 ....................................................... 2005 .......................................................
10 316 10 200 10 193 10 209 10 131 10 209
65.3 64.9 64.1 62.9 62.2 62.9
9 763 9 618 9 441 9 433 9 407 9 433
70.5 71.2 70.4 70.0 69.4 70.0
29.5 28.8 29.6 30.0 30.6 30.0
553 582 752 776 724 776
5.4 5.7 7.4 7.6 7.1 7.6
1 835 1 783 1 819 1 893 1 885 1 893
70.5 69.7 71.0 70.2 68.4 70.2
1 603 1 542 1 568 1 614 1 605 1 614
75.3 79.1 74.5 75.2 70.1 75.2
24.7 20.9 25.5 24.8 29.9 24.8
232 242 251 279 279 279
12.6 13.6 13.8 14.7 14.8 14.7
Note: See "Notes and Definitions" for information on historical comparability.
136
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-54. Employment Status of Ever-Married Women and Married Women, Spouse Present, by Presence and Age of Children, March 1990–2005 (Thousands of people, percent.) Ever-married women 1
Age of children and year
Civilian labor force
Married women, spouse present
Civilian Employed Unemployed labor force as percent Percent Percent Percent of Number Number of labor full-time part-time population force
Civilian labor force
Civilian Employed Unemployed labor force as percent Percent Percent Percent of Number Number of labor full-time part-time population force
Women with No Children Under 18 Years 1990 ...................................................... 1991 ...................................................... 1992 ...................................................... 1993 ...................................................... 1994 ......................................................
21 464 21 575 22 132 22 273 22 716
46.1 46.1 46.6 46.6 47.6
20 779 20 637 21 108 21 275 21 669
79.1 78.4 78.5 79.0 77.1
20.9 21.6 21.5 21.0 22.9
685 937 1 024 998 1 047
3.2 4.3 4.6 4.5 4.6
14 467 14 529 14 851 15 211 15 234
51.1 51.2 51.9 52.4 53.2
14 068 13 976 14 247 14 630 14 641
77.3 77.6 77.8 77.6 75.6
22.7 22.4 22.2 22.4 24.4
399 552 604 581 593
2.8 3.8 4.1 3.8 3.9
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
22 973 23 337 23 890 24 366 24 881
47.3 47.7 48.3 48.7 48.9
22 134 22 444 23 130 23 598 24 098
77.4 78.1 78.9 79.3 79.7
22.6 21.9 21.1 20.7 20.3
839 893 760 767 783
3.7 3.8 3.2 3.1 3.1
15 594 15 628 15 750 16 007 16 484
53.2 53.4 54.2 54.1 54.4
15 072 15 123 15 315 15 581 16 061
76.3 76.8 77.7 78.3 78.2
23.7 23.2 22.3 21.7 21.8
522 506 435 426 423
3.3 3.2 2.8 2.7 2.6
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
25 465 25 959 26 423 27 361 27 461 27 361
49.4 49.6 49.1 50.1 49.8 50.1
24 695 25 226 25 356 26 238 26 329 26 238
80.3 80.4 80.0 79.7 79.3 79.7
19.7 19.6 20.0 20.3 20.7 20.3
769 733 1 068 1 123 1 131 1 123
3.0 2.8 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.1
16 786 16 909 17 353 17 901 17 965 17 901
54.7 54.8 54.8 55.7 55.0 55.7
16 357 16 528 16 780 17 273 17 367 17 273
79.1 78.7 78.4 78.6 78.6 78.6
20.9 21.3 21.6 21.4 21.4 21.4
429 381 573 628 598 628
2.6 2.3 3.3 3.5 3.3 3.5
Women with Children Under 18 Years 1990 ...................................................... 1991 ...................................................... 1992 ...................................................... 1993 ...................................................... 1994 ......................................................
20 671 20 673 21 040 21 194 22 025
67.8 67.9 68.8 68.3 69.8
19 621 19 416 19 633 20 011 20 722
72.6 72.8 73.6 73.9 70.5
27.4 27.2 26.4 26.1 29.5
1 051 1 257 1 407 1 183 1 303
5.1 6.1 6.7 5.6 5.9
16 500 16 575 16 835 16 947 17 628
66.3 66.8 67.8 67.5 69.0
15 803 15 692 15 884 16 127 16 755
69.8 70.1 71.3 71.4 68.0
30.2 29.9 28.7 28.6 32.0
698 883 952 820 873
4.2 5.3 5.7 4.8 5.0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
22 591 22 475 22 831 22 650 22 419
71.1 71.4 72.6 72.3 71.9
21 441 21 556 21 777 21 665 21 611
71.5 72.5 73.9 73.8 73.9
28.5 27.5 26.1 26.2 26.1
1 150 919 1 054 985 808
5.1 4.1 4.6 4.3 3.6
17 969 17 754 18 157 18 129 17 865
70.2 70.0 71.1 70.6 70.1
17 195 17 136 17 521 17 447 17 342
68.8 69.6 71.6 71.5 71.5
31.2 30.4 28.4 28.5 28.5
774 618 636 682 523
4.3 3.5 3.5 3.8 2.9
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
22 722 22 729 22 917 22 979 22 651 22 979
72.7 73.0 71.8 71.5 70.5 71.5
21 960 21 934 21 794 21 809 21 576 21 809
74.0 74.9 74.3 73.7 73.8 73.7
26.0 25.1 25.7 26.3 26.2 26.3
763 795 1 122 1 170 1 075 1 170
3.4 3.5 4.9 5.1 4.7 5.1
18 174 18 325 18 271 18 284 17 953 18 284
70.6 70.8 69.6 69.2 68.2 69.2
17 641 17 745 17 515 17 533 17 215 17 533
71.7 72.6 71.7 71.0 71.3 71.0
28.3 27.4 28.3 29.0 28.7 29.0
533 580 756 751 738 751
2.9 3.2 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1
Women with Children Under 6 Years 1990 ...................................................... 1991 ...................................................... 1992 ...................................................... 1993 ...................................................... 1994 ......................................................
8 467 8 585 8 544 8 496 8 949
59.5 59.9 60.0 59.6 61.8
7 996 7 938 7 832 7 895 8 332
69.1 69.2 69.9 70.2 66.7
30.9 30.8 30.1 29.8 33.3
471 647 711 600 617
5.6 7.5 8.3 7.1 6.9
7 247 7 434 7 333 7 289 7 723
58.9 59.9 59.9 59.6 61.7
6 901 6 933 6 819 6 840 7 291
67.4 67.5 68.5 68.8 65.4
32.6 32.5 31.5 31.2 34.6
346 501 514 450 432
4.8 6.7 7.0 6.2 5.6
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
9 067 8 915 8 856 8 864 8 511
63.9 63.6 64.9 64.8 63.7
8 517 8 493 8 376 8 391 8 109
67.4 68.6 70.3 69.5 68.6
32.6 31.4 29.7 30.5 31.4
550 422 480 473 402
6.1 4.7 5.4 5.3 4.7
7 759 7 590 7 582 7 655 7 246
63.5 62.7 63.6 63.7 61.8
7 349 7 297 7 252 7 309 6 979
66.1 66.5 69.1 68.1 67.1
33.9 33.5 30.9 31.9 32.9
409 293 330 346 267
5.3 3.9 4.4 4.5 3.7
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
8 481 8 417 8 373 8 315 8 246 8 315
64.3 64.0 62.8 61.4 61.0 61.4
8 159 8 077 7 873 7 818 7 801 7 818
69.5 69.7 69.6 68.9 69.3 68.9
30.5 30.3 30.4 31.1 30.7 31.1
321 340 501 497 445 497
3.8 4.0 6.0 6.0 5.4 6.0
7 341 7 319 7 166 7 175 7 107 7 175
62.8 62.5 60.8 59.8 59.3 59.8
7 087 7 062 6 804 6 826 6 774 6 826
68.1 68.5 67.7 67.1 68.1 67.1
31.9 31.5 32.3 32.9 31.9 32.9
254 257 363 349 332 349
3.5 3.5 5.1 4.9 4.7 4.9
1Ever-married
women are women who are, or have been married.
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
137
Table 1-55. Employment Status of Women Who Maintain Families by Marital Status and Presence and Age of Children, March 1990–2005 (Thousands of people, percent.) Civilian labor force Family status, age of children, and year
Civilian noninstitutional population
Unemployed Percent of the population
Number
Employed
Not in the labor force
Percent of the labor force
Number
Women Who Maintain Families, Total 1990 ..................................................................................... 1991 ..................................................................................... 1992 ..................................................................................... 1993 ..................................................................................... 1994 .....................................................................................
11 309 11 765 12 214 12 489 12 963
7 088 7 329 7 517 7 777 8 214
62.7 62.3 61.5 62.3 63.4
6 471 6 657 6 798 7 093 7 413
617 672 719 684 801
8.7 9.2 9.6 8.8 9.8
4 221 4 436 4 697 4 712 4 750
1995 ..................................................................................... 1996 ..................................................................................... 1997 ..................................................................................... 1998 ..................................................................................... 1999 .....................................................................................
12 762 12 993 13 258 13 102 13 191
8 192 8 460 8 998 8 976 9 213
64.2 65.1 67.9 68.5 69.8
7 527 7 832 8 192 8 309 8 596
665 628 806 667 617
8.1 7.4 9.0 7.4 6.7
4 570 4 532 4 260 4 127 3 978
2000 ..................................................................................... 2001 ..................................................................................... 2002 ..................................................................................... 2003 ..................................................................................... 2004 ..................................................................................... 2005 .....................................................................................
13 145 12 930 13 489 14 000 14 165 14 391
9 226 9 034 9 523 9 759 9 869 9 941
70.2 69.9 70.6 69.7 69.7 69.1
8 592 8 453 8 755 8 898 9 054 9 140
634 581 768 861 815 801
6.9 6.4 8.1 8.8 8.3 8.1
3 918 3 897 3 966 4 241 4 297 4 450
Women with No Children Under 18 Years 1990 ..................................................................................... 1991 ..................................................................................... 1992 ..................................................................................... 1993 ..................................................................................... 1994 .....................................................................................
4 290 4 447 4 651 4 708 4 758
2 227 2 364 2 427 2 466 2 609
51.9 53.2 52.2 52.4 54.8
2 132 2 231 2 307 2 339 2 489
95 133 120 127 120
4.3 5.6 4.9 5.2 4.6
2 062 2 083 2 223 2 242 2 149
1995 ..................................................................................... 1996 ..................................................................................... 1997 ..................................................................................... 1998 ..................................................................................... 1999 .....................................................................................
4 610 4 847 4 909 4 952 4 942
2 471 2 552 2 663 2 649 2 667
53.6 52.7 54.2 53.5 54.0
2 394 2 462 2 571 2 578 2 556
77 90 92 71 111
3.1 3.5 3.5 2.7 4.2
2 139 2 295 2 246 2 303 2 275
2000 ..................................................................................... 2001 ..................................................................................... 2002 ..................................................................................... 2003 ..................................................................................... 2004 ..................................................................................... 2005 .....................................................................................
5 097 5 185 5 119 5 457 5 551 5 692
2 707 2 772 2 764 2 934 3 052 3 095
53.1 53.5 54.0 53.8 55.0 54.4
2 546 2 668 2 628 2 728 2 855 2 961
161 104 136 206 197 134
5.9 3.8 4.9 7.0 6.5 4.3
2 390 2 413 2 355 2 522 2 499 2 597
Women with Children Under 18 Years 1990 ..................................................................................... 1991 ..................................................................................... 1992 ..................................................................................... 1993 ..................................................................................... 1994 .....................................................................................
7 018 7 318 7 564 7 781 8 205
4 860 4 965 5 090 5 311 5 604
69.3 67.8 67.3 68.3 68.3
4 338 4 426 4 491 4 755 4 924
522 539 599 556 680
10.7 10.9 11.8 10.5 12.1
2 159 2 353 2 473 2 470 2 601
1995 ..................................................................................... 1996 ..................................................................................... 1997 ..................................................................................... 1998 ..................................................................................... 1999 .....................................................................................
8 152 8 146 8 348 8 151 8 248
5 720 5 908 6 335 6 327 6 546
70.2 72.5 75.9 77.6 79.4
5 132 5 370 5 621 5 731 6 040
588 538 714 596 506
10.3 9.1 11.3 9.4 7.7
2 431 2 237 2 014 1 823 1 702
2000 ..................................................................................... 2001 ..................................................................................... 2002 ..................................................................................... 2003 ..................................................................................... 2004 ..................................................................................... 2005 .....................................................................................
8 048 7 746 8 370 8 543 8 614 8 699
6 520 6 261 6 759 6 825 6 817 6 846
81.0 80.8 80.8 79.9 79.1 78.7
6 046 5 785 6 127 6 170 6 199 6 179
474 476 632 655 618 667
7.3 7.6 9.4 9.6 9.1 9.7
1 528 1 484 1 611 1 718 1 798 1 853
Single Women with No Children Under 18 Years 1990 ..................................................................................... 1991 ..................................................................................... 1992 ..................................................................................... 1993 ..................................................................................... 1994 .....................................................................................
642 682 745 752 704
450 469 505 531 490
70.1 68.8 67.8 70.6 69.6
425 441 475 494 451
25 28 30 37 39
5.6 6.0 5.9 7.0 8.0
192 214 241 221 213
1995 ..................................................................................... 1996 ..................................................................................... 1997 ..................................................................................... 1998 ..................................................................................... 1999 .....................................................................................
779 895 860 893 969
534 588 585 637 674
68.5 65.7 68.0 71.3 69.6
508 572 563 613 638
26 16 22 24 36
4.9 2.7 3.8 3.8 5.3
245 308 275 256 295
2000 ..................................................................................... 2001 ..................................................................................... 2002 ..................................................................................... 2003 ..................................................................................... 2004 ..................................................................................... 2005 .....................................................................................
1 004 1 096 1 154 1 254 1 381 1 388
720 787 796 814 977 926
71.7 71.8 69.0 64.9 70.7 66.7
642 756 747 713 887 855
78 31 49 101 90 71
10.8 3.9 6.2 12.4 9.2 7.7
284 309 358 440 404 463
138
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-55. Employment Status of Women Who Maintain Families by Marital Status and Presence and Age of Children, March 1990–2005—Continued (Thousands of people, percent.) Civilian labor force Family status, age of children, and year
Civilian noninstitutional population
Unemployed Number
Percent of the population
Employed
Not in the labor force
Percent of the labor force
Number
Single Women with Children Under 18 Years 1990 ..................................................................................... 1991 ..................................................................................... 1992 ..................................................................................... 1993 ..................................................................................... 1994 .....................................................................................
1 953 2 208 2 376 2 445 2 790
1 095 1 187 1 256 1 414 1 625
56.1 53.8 52.9 57.8 58.2
874 985 1 067 1 161 1 328
221 202 189 253 297
20.2 17.0 15.0 17.9 18.3
858 1 021 1 120 1 031 1 165
1995 ..................................................................................... 1996 ..................................................................................... 1997 ..................................................................................... 1998 ..................................................................................... 1999 .....................................................................................
2 613 2 639 3 012 3 083 3 163
1 510 1 633 2 087 2 280 2 415
57.8 61.9 69.3 74.0 76.4
1 261 1 346 1 749 1 960 2 146
249 287 338 320 269
16.5 17.6 16.2 14.0 11.1
1 102 1 006 925 803 748
2000 ..................................................................................... 2001 ..................................................................................... 2002 ..................................................................................... 2003 ..................................................................................... 2004 ..................................................................................... 2005 .....................................................................................
3 167 3 097 3 315 3 421 3 414 3 591
2 413 2 351 2 566 2 584 2 568 2 708
76.2 75.9 77.4 75.5 75.2 75.4
2 151 2 055 2 241 2 272 2 233 2 325
262 296 325 312 335 383
10.9 12.6 12.7 12.1 13.0 14.1
754 745 749 837 846 882
Widowed, Divorced, or Separated Women with No Children Under 18 Years 1990 ..................................................................................... 1991 ..................................................................................... 1992 ..................................................................................... 1993 ..................................................................................... 1994 .....................................................................................
3 648 3 765 3 905 3 956 4 054
1 778 1 896 1 923 1 935 2 118
48.7 50.4 49.2 48.9 52.2
1 708 1 791 1 832 1 845 2 037
70 105 91 90 81
3.9 5.5 4.7 4.7 3.8
1 870 1 869 1 982 2 021 1 936
1995 ..................................................................................... 1996 ..................................................................................... 1997 ..................................................................................... 1998 ..................................................................................... 1999 .....................................................................................
3 831 3 952 4 049 4 058 3 974
1 938 1 964 2 077 2 011 1 993
50.6 49.7 51.3 49.6 50.2
1 887 1 890 2 008 1 965 1 918
51 74 69 46 75
2.6 3.8 3.3 2.3 3.8
1 894 1 988 1 971 2 047 1 980
2000 ..................................................................................... 2001 ..................................................................................... 2002 ..................................................................................... 2003 ..................................................................................... 2004 ..................................................................................... 2005 .....................................................................................
4 093 4 088 3 964 4 203 4 170 4 304
1 987 1 985 1 968 2 121 2 075 2 170
48.5 48.6 49.6 50.5 49.8 50.4
1 904 1 912 1 882 2 016 1 968 2 106
83 73 86 105 107 64
4.2 3.7 4.4 5.0 5.2 2.9
2 106 2 104 1 997 2 082 2 095 2 135
Widowed, Divorced, or Separated Women with Children Under 18 1990 ..................................................................................... 1991 ..................................................................................... 1992 ..................................................................................... 1993 ..................................................................................... 1994 .....................................................................................
5 065 5 109 5 187 5 336 5 415
3 765 3 778 3 834 3 897 3 979
74.3 73.9 73.9 73.0 73.5
3 464 3 441 3 424 3 594 3 596
301 337 410 303 383
8.0 8.9 10.7 7.8 9.6
1 301 1 331 1 353 1 439 1 436
1995 ..................................................................................... 1996 ..................................................................................... 1997 ..................................................................................... 1998 ..................................................................................... 1999 .....................................................................................
5 539 5 507 5 337 5 068 5 086
4 210 4 275 4 248 4 047 4 131
76.0 77.6 79.6 79.9 81.2
3 871 4 024 3 872 3 771 3 894
339 251 376 276 237
8.1 5.9 8.9 6.8 5.7
1 329 1 231 1 089 1 020 955
2000 ..................................................................................... 2001 ..................................................................................... 2002 ..................................................................................... 2003 ..................................................................................... 2004 ..................................................................................... 2005 .....................................................................................
4 881 4 649 5 056 5 122 5 201 5 108
4 107 3 910 4 193 4 241 4 249 4 137
84.1 84.1 82.9 82.8 81.7 81.0
3 895 3 730 3 886 3 898 3 966 3 854
212 180 307 343 283 283
5.2 4.6 7.3 8.1 6.7 6.8
774 739 862 881 952 971
Note: See "Notes and Definitions" for information on historical comparability.
139
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-56. Number and Age of Children in Families by Type of Family and Labor Force Status of Mother, March 1990–2005 (Thousands of children.)
Age of children and year
Total children
Mother in labor force
Mother not in labor force
Married-couple families
Families maintained by women
Mother in labor force
Mother in labor force
Total
Mother not in labor force
Total
Mother not in labor force
Families maintained by men
Children Under 18 Years 1990 ...................................................... 1991 ...................................................... 1992 ...................................................... 1993 ...................................................... 1994 ......................................................
59 596 60 330 61 262 62 020 63 407
36 712 36 968 38 081 38 542 40 186
21 110 21 526 21 176 21 444 21 188
45 898 45 912 45 966 46 499 47 247
29 077 29 056 29 882 30 054 31 279
16 820 16 856 16 084 16 445 15 968
11 925 12 582 13 291 13 487 14 127
7 635 7 912 8 199 8 488 8 907
4 290 4 670 5 093 4 999 5 220
1 774 1 836 2 005 2 034 2 033
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
63 989 64 506 64 710 65 043 65 191
41 365 41 573 42 747 43 156 43 419
20 421 20 449 19 223 19 069 19 074
47 675 47 484 47 529 47 909 47 945
32 190 31 764 32 263 32 533 32 193
15 486 15 720 15 265 15 376 15 752
14 111 14 538 14 441 14 317 14 547
9 176 9 809 10 483 10 623 11 226
4 935 4 729 3 958 3 694 3 322
2 202 2 484 2 740 2 818 2 699
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
65 601 65 777 65 978 66 521 66 386 66 526
44 188 44 051 43 821 43 769 43 144 43 239
18 674 18 864 19 243 19 782 20 229 20 179
48 902 49 352 48 836 49 004 48 656 48 688
33 149 33 436 32 673 32 411 31 892 31 886
15 753 15 916 16 163 16 593 16 764 16 802
13 960 13 563 14 228 14 547 14 717 14 729
11 039 10 615 11 149 11 359 11 252 11 352
2 921 2 948 3 079 3 189 3 465 3 377
2 739 2 862 2 914 2 970 3 014 3 108
Children from 6 to 17 Years 1990 ...................................................... 1991 ...................................................... 1992 ...................................................... 1993 ...................................................... 1994 ......................................................
39 095 39 470 40 064 40 622 41 795
25 805 25 806 26 666 27 046 28 179
12 079 12 392 12 067 12 291 12 287
29 726 29 598 29 673 30 233 30 895
20 067 19 907 20 586 20 796 21 663
9 659 9 691 9 087 9 437 9 233
8 157 8 599 9 060 9 104 9 570
5 737 5 899 6 079 6 249 6 516
2 420 2 701 2 980 2 854 3 054
1 211 1 272 1 331 1 285 1 329
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
42 423 42 964 43 488 43 771 44 110
28 931 29 381 30 308 30 579 30 885
12 000 11 897 11 400 11 367 11 370
31 298 31 231 31 509 31 707 31 975
22 239 22 092 22 602 22 706 22 706
9 059 9 139 8 906 9 001 9 269
9 633 10 047 10 199 10 238 10 281
6 692 7 289 7 705 7 873 8 179
2 941 2 758 2 493 2 365 2 101
1 492 1 685 1 781 1 826 1 855
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
44 562 44 458 44 865 45 273 45 066 45 027
31 531 31 411 31 437 31 559 31 040 30 930
11 198 11 153 11 510 11 635 11 968 11 995
32 732 32 957 32 799 32 782 32 506 32 412
23 393 23 599 23 296 23 160 22 736 22 565
9 339 9 358 9 504 9 622 9 769 9 847
9 997 9 608 10 148 10 412 10 502 10 514
8 138 7 813 8 142 8 399 8 304 8 366
1 859 1 795 2 006 2 013 2 199 2 148
1 833 1 894 1 918 2 080 2 058 2 102
Children Under 6 Years 1990 ...................................................... 1991 ...................................................... 1992 ...................................................... 1993 ...................................................... 1994 ......................................................
20 502 20 860 21 198 21 398 21 612
10 907 11 162 11 415 11 496 12 007
9 031 9 134 9 109 9 153 8 901
16 171 16 313 16 293 16 266 16 352
9 010 9 148 9 296 9 258 9 617
7 161 7 165 6 997 7 008 6 735
3 767 3 983 4 232 4 383 4 556
1 897 2 013 2 119 2 239 2 391
1 870 1 969 2 112 2 145 2 166
563 563 674 749 704
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
21 566 21 542 21 222 21 272 21 081
12 435 12 192 12 439 12 577 12 533
8 421 8 552 7 823 7 703 7 704
16 377 16 253 16 020 16 201 15 971
9 951 9 672 9 661 9 827 9 487
6 427 6 581 6 359 6 375 6 484
4 478 4 491 4 243 4 079 4 267
2 484 2 520 2 778 2 751 3 046
1 995 1 971 1 464 1 328 1 220
710 799 959 992 844
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
21 039 21 318 21 113 21 248 21 321 21 498
12 657 12 640 12 384 12 210 12 104 12 308
7 476 7 711 7 733 8 147 8 261 8 184
16 170 16 395 16 037 16 222 16 151 16 276
9 757 9 837 9 377 9 251 9 156 9 321
6 413 6 558 6 660 6 971 6 995 6 955
3 963 3 956 4 080 4 136 4 214 4 216
2 901 2 802 3 007 2 960 2 948 2 987
1 062 1 153 1 073 1 176 1 266 1 229
906 968 996 890 956 1 006
Note: See "Notes and Definitions" for information on historical comparability.
140
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-57. Number of Families and Median Family Income by Type of Family and Earner Status of Members, 1992–2004 (Thousands of families, dollars.) Number of families and median family income
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Married-Couple Families, Total .............................. No earners ................................................................. One earner ................................................................ Husband ................................................................ Wife ....................................................................... Other family member ............................................. Two earners .............................................................. Husband and wife .................................................. Husband and other family member ....................... Husband not an earner .......................................... Three earners or more .............................................. Husband and wife .................................................. Husband, not wife .................................................. Husband not an earner ..........................................
53 254 7 250 12 053 9 182 2 145 726 26 344 24 255 1 447 642 7 606 6 882 550 175
53 248 7 281 11 806 8 715 2 405 686 26 742 24 543 1 582 617 7 419 6 723 535 162
53 929 7 225 11 715 8 673 2 364 678 27 263 25 123 1 565 574 7 727 6 987 543 196
53 621 7 276 11 708 8 792 2 251 666 27 180 25 274 1 393 513 7 456 6 770 531 155
53 654 7 145 11 493 8 611 2 207 674 27 260 25 274 1 483 502 7 756 7 126 479 150
54 362 7 286 11 700 8 770 2 298 632 27 712 25 731 1 406 575 7 664 7 023 478 163
54 829 7 257 12 246 9 173 2 411 662 27 593 25 696 1 306 590 7 733 7 102 456 176
55 352 7 160 12 290 9 062 2 585 643 28 010 26 134 1 325 552 7 892 7 220 528 144
55 650 7 297 12 450 9 319 2 545 586 28 329 26 447 1 277 605 7 575 6 917 537 120
56 798 7 662 12 852 9 573 2 689 590 28 779 26 829 1 424 526 7 504 6 859 530 115
57 362 7 803 13 503 10 121 2 821 560 28 891 26 966 1 391 534 7 165 6 565 455 145
57 767 8 043 14 061 10 478 3 027 557 28 693 26 860 1 322 511 6 970 6 349 467 154
58 180 7 998 14 385 10 853 2 993 539 28 806 26 758 1 462 586 6 991 6 459 381 152
Families Maintained by Women, Total .................. No earners ................................................................. One earner ................................................................ Householder .......................................................... Other family member ............................................. Two earners or more ................................................. Householder and other family member(s) ............. Householder not an earner ....................................
12 504 2 968 6 184 5 042 1 142 3 352 2 998 354
12 982 3 100 6 407 5 278 1 129 3 476 3 139 337
12 771 2 848 6 506 5 415 1 091 3 417 3 126 291
13 007 2 664 6 815 5 590 1 225 3 527 3 225 302
13 277 2 574 7 027 5 817 1 211 3 675 3 431 245
13 115 2 332 7 091 5 841 1 251 3 692 3 398 294
13 206 2 143 7 351 6 167 1 183 3 712 3 399 313
13 164 1 883 7 441 6 127 1 314 3 840 3 508 332
12 950 1 786 7 462 6 132 1 331 3 702 3 376 325
13 517 2 076 7 693 6 436 1 257 3 748 3 442 306
14 033 2 228 8 153 6 832 1 321 3 652 3 290 362
14 196 2 451 8 012 6 725 1 286 3 733 3 364 369
14 404 2 610 8 074 6 788 1 285 3 720 3 399 321
Families Maintained by Men, Total ........................ No earners ................................................................. One earner ................................................................ Householder .......................................................... Other family member ............................................. Two earners or more ................................................. Householder and other family member(s) ............. Householder not an earner ....................................
3 094 345 1 544 1 305 239 1 204 1 117 88
2 992 329 1 593 1 352 241 1 070 1 002 67
3 287 383 1 705 1 428 277 1 198 1 128 71
3 557 357 1 800 1 548 253 1 400 1 302 98
3 924 359 1 972 1 667 305 1 593 1 469 124
3 982 344 2 104 1 791 313 1 534 1 427 107
4 041 381 2 027 1 725 302 1 634 1 532 102
4 086 376 2 044 1 721 323 1 666 1 522 143
4 316 380 2 223 1 879 344 1 713 1 585 128
4 499 461 2 319 1 911 408 1 719 1 629 90
4 747 466 2 434 2 026 408 1 847 1 709 138
4 778 530 2 466 2 053 413 1 782 1 625 157
4 953 492 2 573 2 152 421 1 888 1 736 152
Married-Couple Families, Total .............................. No earners ................................................................. One earner ................................................................ Husband ................................................................ Wife ....................................................................... Other family member ............................................. Two earners .............................................................. Husband and wife .................................................. Husband and other family member ....................... Husband not an earner .......................................... Three earners or more .............................................. Husband and wife .................................................. Husband, not wife .................................................. Husband not an earner ..........................................
42 000 20 023 32 500 34 714 27 343 33 622 47 737 48 050 45 694 40 124 61 640 62 674 57 015 47 551
43 000 19 983 32 084 34 401 27 502 30 254 49 650 49 980 48 862 38 800 63 535 64 099 60 712 54 805
44 893 20 604 33 393 35 000 28 661 32 578 51 190 51 500 48 517 42 800 66 172 66 674 63 633 54 655
47 000 21 888 35 100 36 052 32 098 37 784 53 500 53 626 52 530 47 121 68 996 69 371 60 360 61 196
49 614 22 622 36 468 38 150 30 301 39 644 56 000 56 392 49 610 46 990 70 400 71 148 61 824 55 495
51 475 23 782 39 140 40 300 34 050 40 317 58 020 58 564 53 854 47 979 75 593 76 105 68 890 62 684
54 043 24 525 40 519 42 000 35 625 42 414 61 300 61 900 57 680 50 955 78 973 79 907 71 001 63 205
56 792 25 262 41 261 44 200 35 546 41 120 64 007 64 950 53 541 52 466 81 940 83 000 69 561 69 275
59 200 25 356 44 424 47 010 36 458 45 492 67 500 68 132 56 503 53 430 83 990 84 634 79 050 68 050
60 100 25 900 44 400 47 500 36 140 44 270 69 543 70 000 65 240 58 725 86 090 87 000 76 230 80 661
61 000 25 954 45 000 48 004 39 072 40 927 71 282 72 150 62 848 54 840 88 632 89 962 82 180 68 400
62 388 26 312 46 546 48 948 41 180 45 936 73 309 74 500 60 100 58 000 93 000 94 353 77 316 91 771
63 627 26 798 47 749 50 000 41 000 46 324 75 100 76 000 66 120 63 050 94 212 95 524 87 000 73 137
Families Maintained by Women, Total .................. No earners ................................................................. One earner ................................................................ Householder .......................................................... Other family member ............................................. Two earners or more ................................................. Householder and other family member(s) ............. Householder not an earner ....................................
16 431 5 964 16 468 15 905 19 709 32 705 33 280 30 460
16 800 6 492 16 745 15 700 20 800 33 300 33 165 35 394
17 600 6 805 17 226 16 603 21 300 33 820 33 357 37 531
19 306 7 440 18 824 17 890 23 166 35 000 34 674 39 444
19 416 7 092 18 500 18 000 21 000 36 400 36 400 38 249
20 470 7 476 19 000 18 000 22 870 39 275 39 000 47 471
21 875 7 737 20 000 18 800 25 981 40 000 39 713 43 725
23 100 8 010 20 092 19 000 26 800 41 144 40 855 48 004
25 000 8 988 22 306 21 400 27 524 43 035 43 000 45 600
25 064 8 160 23 008 22 001 28 476 45 244 44 842 51 000
26 000 8 808 24 597 23 760 29 524 46 580 46 000 51 248
26 000 8 344 24 752 23 832 28 857 47 576 46 701 57 267
26 400 8 400 25 040 24 801 29 700 48 549 47 974 56 799
Families Maintained by Men, Total ........................ No earners ................................................................. One earner ................................................................ Householder .......................................................... Other family member ............................................. Two earners or more ................................................. Householder and other family member(s) ............. Householder not an earner ....................................
27 400 9 416 23 020 23 000 24 359 39 000 39 300 36 445
25 856 10 900 22 300 22 079 26 916 38 000 38 363 33 700
27 486 11 293 24 011 24 000 26 253 41 439 41 534 37 386
30 000 12 240 25 337 25 069 27 291 43 100 43 000 55 133
31 500 12 030 26 100 25 874 28 584 44 275 43 065 47 001
32 984 14 252 26 897 27 000 25 486 49 900 50 000 44 786
35 000 15 468 29 125 29 125 28 241 51 288 50 954 68 257
37 000 13 752 31 038 30 483 34 756 51 040 50 960 57 407
37 040 14 946 30 160 30 816 29 118 55 010 55 400 51 945
36 000 12 840 30 800 30 500 31 052 55 024 54 850 61 824
37 440 15 200 30 139 30 014 32 000 55 000 55 220 49 852
37 914 15 408 32 097 31 355 35 525 57 840 57 400 64 658
40 000 14 167 35 000 35 000 35 438 57 600 57 058 65 400
NUMBER OF FAMILIES
MEDIAN FAMILY INCOME
Note: See "Notes and Definitions" for information on historical comparability.
141
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-58. Employment Status of the Foreign Born and Native Born Populations by Selected Characteristics, 2003–2004 (Thousands of people, percent.) Civilian labor force Characteristic
Civilian noninstitutional population
Unemployed Total
Participation rate
Employed Number
Rate
2003 TOTAL Total, 16 years and over ................................................................... Men ................................................................................................... Women .............................................................................................
221 168 106 435 114 733
146 510 78 238 68 272
66.2 73.5 59.5
137 736 73 332 64 404
8 774 4 906 3 868
6.0 6.3 5.7
Total, 16 years and over ................................................................... Men ................................................................................................... Women .............................................................................................
31 331 15 669 15 662
21 117 12 634 8 482
67.4 80.6 54.2
19 731 11 850 7 881
1 385 784 601
6.6 6.2 7.1
Age 16 to 24 years ................................................................................... 25 to 34 years ................................................................................... 35 to 44 years ................................................................................... 45 to 54 years ................................................................................... 55 to 64 years ................................................................................... 65 years and over .............................................................................
4 135 7 784 7 450 5 245 3 195 3 521
2 456 5 925 6 026 4 200 2 016 494
59.4 76.1 80.9 80.1 63.1 14.0
2 203 5 551 5 673 3 935 1 903 465
252 375 353 264 113 28
10.3 6.3 5.9 6.3 5.6 5.8
Race and Hispanic Ethnicity White non-Hispanic or Latino ........................................................... Black non-Hispanic or Latino ............................................................ Asian non-Hispanic or Latino ............................................................ Hispanic or Latino ethnicity ...............................................................
7 128 2 391 6 867 14 627
4 267 1 782 4 613 10 226
59.9 74.5 67.2 69.9
4 048 1 631 4 324 9 513
219 152 289 713
5.1 8.5 6.3 7.0
Educational Attainment Total, 25 years and over ................................................................... Less than a high school diploma ...................................................... High school graduates, no college 1 ................................................. Some college or associate degree ................................................... Bachelor’s degree or higher 2 ...........................................................
27 196 8 823 6 778 4 147 7 447
18 661 5 376 4 596 2 991 5 698
68.6 60.9 67.8 72.1 76.5
17 528 4 949 4 335 2 811 5 433
1 133 427 261 180 265
6.1 7.9 5.7 6.0 4.7
Total, 16 years and over ................................................................... Men ................................................................................................... Women .............................................................................................
189 837 90 766 99 072
125 393 65 603 59 790
66.1 72.3 60.4
118 005 61 481 56 523
7 389 4 122 3 267
5.9 6.3 5.5
Age 16 to 24 years ................................................................................... 25 to 34 years ................................................................................... 35 to 44 years ................................................................................... 45 to 54 years ................................................................................... 55 to 64 years ................................................................................... 65 years and over .............................................................................
31 762 31 237 36 296 35 277 24 533 30 733
19 642 26 418 30 669 29 071 15 296 4 298
61.8 84.6 84.5 82.4 62.3 14.0
17 148 24 832 29 207 27 979 14 696 4 143
2 494 1 585 1 462 1 092 600 155
12.7 6.0 4.8 3.8 3.9 3.6
Race and Hispanic Ethnicity White non-Hispanic or Latino ........................................................... Black non-Hispanic or Latino ............................................................ Asian non-Hispanic or Latino ............................................................ Hispanic or Latino ethnicity ...............................................................
148 569 22 484 2 228 12 924
98 833 14 215 1 414 8 587
66.5 63.2 63.5 66.4
94 057 12 644 1 342 7 859
4 776 1 571 73 727
4.8 11.1 5.1 8.5
Educational Attainment Total, 25 years and over ................................................................... Less than a high school diploma ...................................................... High school graduates, no college 1 ................................................. Some college or associate degree ................................................... Bachelor’s degree or higher 2 ...........................................................
158 075 19 333 52 701 42 594 43 447
105 751 7 271 33 330 31 058 34 093
66.9 37.6 63.2 72.9 78.5
100 857 6 588 31 522 29 609 33 138
4 894 682 1 808 1 449 955
4.6 9.4 5.4 4.7 2.8
FOREIGN BORN
NATIVE BORN
1Includes 2Includes
persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.
142
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-58. Employment Status of the Foreign Born and Native Born Populations by Selected Characteristics, 2003–2004 —Continued (Thousands of people, percent.) Civilian labor force Characteristic
Civilian noninstitutional population
Unemployed Total
Participation rate
Employed Number
Rate
2004 TOTAL Total, 16 years and over ................................................................... Men ................................................................................................... Women .............................................................................................
223 357 107 710 115 647
147 401 78 980 68 421
66.0 73.3 59.2
139 252 74 524 64 728
8 149 4 456 3 694
5.5 5.6 5.4
Total, 16 years and over ................................................................... Men ................................................................................................... Women .............................................................................................
31 763 15 913 15 849
21 433 12 905 8 528
67.5 81.1 53.8
20 255 12 263 7 992
1 178 642 536
5.5 5.0 6.3
Age 16 to 24 years ................................................................................... 25 to 34 years ................................................................................... 35 to 44 years ................................................................................... 45 to 54 years ................................................................................... 55 to 64 years ................................................................................... 65 years and over .............................................................................
4 191 7 821 7 481 5 342 3 294 3 634
2 497 5 988 6 085 4 305 2 050 507
59.6 76.6 81.3 80.6 62.2 14.0
2 278 5 670 5 787 4 096 1 945 479
219 318 298 210 105 28
8.8 5.3 4.9 4.9 5.1 5.5
Race and Hispanic Ethnicity White non-Hispanic or Latino ........................................................... Black non-Hispanic or Latino ............................................................ Asian non-Hispanic or Latino ............................................................ Hispanic or Latino ethnicity ...............................................................
7 141 2 360 7 062 14 878
4 282 1 731 4 738 10 439
60.0 73.4 67.1 70.2
4 088 1 595 4 530 9 808
194 136 208 631
4.5 7.9 4.4 6.0
Educational Attainment Total, 25 years and over ................................................................... Less than a high school diploma ...................................................... High school graduates, no college 1 ................................................. Some college or associate degree ................................................... Bachelor’s degree and higher 2 ........................................................
27 572 8 796 6 929 4 259 7 587
18 936 5 351 4 707 3 104 5 773
68.7 60.8 67.9 72.9 76.1
17 977 4 974 4 493 2 944 5 566
959 377 214 161 207
5.1 7.0 4.5 5.2 3.6
Total 16 years and over .................................................................... Men ................................................................................................... Women .............................................................................................
191 594 91 797 99 797
125 968 66 075 59 893
65.7 72.0 60.0
118 997 62 261 56 736
6 971 3 813 3 158
5.5 5.8 5.3
Age 16 to 24 years ................................................................................... 25 to 34 years ................................................................................... 35 to 44 years ................................................................................... 45 to 54 years ................................................................................... 55 to 64 years ................................................................................... 65 years and over .............................................................................
32 228 31 118 35 745 35 904 25 625 30 975
19 771 26 219 30 072 29 452 15 963 4 490
61.3 84.3 84.1 82.0 62.3 14.5
17 352 24 753 28 793 28 374 15 386 4 339
2 419 1 466 1 280 1 079 577 151
12.2 5.6 4.3 3.7 3.6 3.4
Race and Hispanic Ethnicity White non-Hispanic or Latino ........................................................... Black non-Hispanic or Latino ............................................................ Asian non-Hispanic or Latino ............................................................ Hispanic or Latino ethnicity ...............................................................
149 414 22 876 2 358 13 231
98 920 14 355 1 455 8 833
66.2 62.8 61.7 66.8
94 480 12 817 1 391 8 122
4 440 1 537 64 711
4.5 10.7 4.4 8.0
Educational Attainment Total, 25 years and over ................................................................... Less than a high school diploma ...................................................... High school graduates, no college 1 ................................................. Some college or associate degree ................................................... Bachelor’s degree or higher 2 ...........................................................
159 366 18 873 52 930 43 297 44 266
106 197 7 118 33 128 31 334 34 617
66.6 37.7 62.6 72.4 78.2
101 645 6 434 31 451 30 033 33 727
4 552 684 1 676 1 301 891
4.3 9.6 5.1 4.2 2.6
FOREIGN BORN
NATIVE BORN
Note: Due to the introduction of revised population controls in January 2004, estimated levels for 2004 are not strictly comparable with those for 2003. Data for race/ethnicity groups do not sum to total because data are not presented for all races. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. 1Includes 2Includes
persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.
143
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-59. Employment Status of the Foreign Born and Native Born Populations 16 Years and Over by Presence and Age of Youngest Child and Sex, 2003–2004 Averages (Thousands of people, percent.) 2003
2004
Characteristic Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
FOREIGN BORN With Own Children Under 18 Years Civilian noninstitutional population ............................................... Civilian labor force .................................................................... Participation rate .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................. Employment-population ratio ........................................... Unemployed ......................................................................... Unemployment rate ..........................................................
12 520 9 488 75.8 8 896 71.1 592 6.2
5 985 5 593 93.4 5 284 88.3 309 5.5
6 534 3 895 59.6 3 611.0 55.3 283.0 7.3
12 740 9 614 75.5 9 125 71.6 489 5.1
6 060 5 710 94.2 5 474 90.3 236 4.1
6 680 3 904 58.4 3 652 54.7 253 6.5
With Own Children 6 to 17 Years, None Younger Civilian noninstitutional population ............................................... Civilian labor force .................................................................... Participation rate .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................. Employment-population ratio ........................................... Unemployed ......................................................................... Unemployment rate ..........................................................
6 253 4 975 79.6 4 688 75.0 287 5.8
2 893 2 663 92.0 2 516 87.0 147 5.5
3 360 2 313 68.8 2 172 64.7 140 6.1
6 268 5 024 80.1 4 785 76.3 238 4.7
2 907 2 715 93.4 2 605 89.6 110 4.0
3 361 2 309 68.7 2 180 64.9 129 5.6
With Own Children Under 6 Years Civilian noninstitutional population ............................................... Civilian labor force .................................................................... Participation rate .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................. Employment-population ratio ........................................... Unemployed ......................................................................... Unemployment rate ..........................................................
6 267 4 513 72.0 4 208 67.1 305 6.8
3 092 2 930 94.8 2 769 89.5 162 5.5
3 174 1 582 49.8 1 439 45.3 143 9.0
6 472 4 590 70.9 4 340 67.1 250 5.5
3 153 2 995 95.0 2 869 91.0 126 4.2
3 319 1 595 48.1 1 471 44.3 124 7.8
With Own Children Under 3 Years Civilian noninstitutional population ............................................... Civilian labor force .................................................................... Participation rate .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................. Employment-population ratio ........................................... Unemployed ......................................................................... Unemployment rate ..........................................................
3 740 2 618 70.0 2 450 65.5 168 6.4
1 878 1 786 95.1 1 693 90.2 93 5.2
1 862 832 44.7 757 40.6 75 9.0
3 789 2 596 68.5 2 457 64.8 139 5.4
1 865 1 778 95.3 1 705 91.4 72 4.1
1 924 819 42.6 751 39.1 67 8.2
With No Own Children Under 18 Years Civilian noninstitutional population ............................................... Civilian labor force .................................................................... Participation rate .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................. Employment-population ratio ........................................... Unemployed ......................................................................... Unemployment rate ..........................................................
18 811 11 629 61.8 10 836 57.6 793 6.8
9 684 7 041 72.7 6 566 67.8 475 6.8
9 127 4 588 50.3 4 270 46.8 318 6.9
19 023 11 819 62.1 11 130 58.5 690 5.8
9 853 7 195 73.0 6 789 68.9 406 5.6
9 170 4 624 50.4 4 340 47.3 283 6.1
144
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-59. Employment Status of the Foreign Born and Native Born Populations 16 Years and Over by Presence and Age of Youngest Child and Sex, 2003–2004 Averages—Continued (Thousands of people, percent.) 2003
2004
Characteristic Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
NATIVE BORN With Own Children Under 18 Years Civilian noninstitutional population ............................................... Civilian labor force .................................................................... Participation rate .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................. Employment-population ratio ........................................... Unemployed ......................................................................... Unemployment rate ..........................................................
53 492 44 271 82.8 42 196 78.9 2 075 4.7
23 593 22 261 94.4 21 421 90.8 839 3.8
29 899 22 010 73.6 20 774 69.5 1 236 5.6
53 136 43 757 82.3 41 882 78.8 1 875 4.3
23 424 22 053 94.1 21 342 91.1 711 3.2
29 712 21 703 73.0 20 540 69.1 1 163 5.4
With Own Children 6 to 17 Years, None Younger Civilian noninstitutional population ............................................... Civilian labor force .................................................................... Participation rate .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................. Employment-population ratio ........................................... Unemployed ......................................................................... Unemployment rate ..........................................................
30 167 25 839 85.7 24 784 82.2 1 054 4.1
13 334 12 444 93.3 12 004 90.0 440 3.5
16 833 13 394 79.6 12 780 75.9 614 4.6
30 101 25 642 85.2 24 700 82.1 942 3.7
13 279 12 358 93.1 11 993 90.3 365 3.0
16 821 13 284 79.0 12 707 75.5 577 4.3
With Own Children Under 6 Years Civilian noninstitutional population ............................................... Civilian labor force .................................................................... Participation rate .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................. Employment-population ratio ........................................... Unemployed ......................................................................... Unemployment rate ..........................................................
23 324 18 432 79.0 17 411 74.6 1 021 5.5
10 259 9 816 95.7 9 417 91.8 399 4.1
13 065 8 616 65.9 7 994 61.2 621 7.2
23 036 18 115 78.6 17 182 74.6 933 5.1
10 145 9 696 95.6 9 349 92.2 347 3.6
12 891 8 419 65.3 7 833 60.8 586 7.0
With Own Children Under 3 Years Civilian noninstitutional population ............................................... Civilian labor force .................................................................... Participation rate .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................. Employment-population ratio ........................................... Unemployed ......................................................................... Unemployment rate ..........................................................
13 625 10 518 77.2 9 900 72.7 617 5.9
6 037 5 787 95.9 5 541 91.8 245 4.2
7 588 4 731 62.3 4 359 57.4 372 7.9
13 363 10 252 76.7 9 696 72.6 556 5.4
5 941 5 693 95.8 5 483 92.3 210 3.7
7 422 4 559 61.4 4 212 56.8 346 7.6
With No Own Children Under 18 Years Civilian noninstitutional population ............................................... Civilian labor force .................................................................... Participation rate .............................................................. Employed ............................................................................. Employment-population ratio ........................................... Unemployed ......................................................................... Unemployment rate ..........................................................
136 346 81 123 59.5 75 809 55.6 5 314 6.6
67 173 43 343 64.5 40 060 59.6 3 283 7.6
69 173 37 780 54.6 35 749 51.7 2 031 5.4
138 458 82 212 59.4 77 115 55.7 5 096 6.2
68 373 44 021 64.4 40 919 59.8 3 102 7.0
70 085 38 190 54.5 36 196 51.6 1 994 5.2
Note: Due to the introduction of revised population controls in January 2004, estimated levels for 2004 are not strictly comparable with those for 2003.
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
145
Table 1-60. Employment Status of the Foreign Born and Native Born Population 25 Years and Over, by Educational Attainment, Race, and Hispanic or Latino Ethnicity, 2003–2004 Averages (Thousands of people, percent.) 2003 Characteristic
Less than a high school diploma
2004
High school graduates, no college 1
Some college or associate degree
Bachelor’s degree and higher 2
Less than a high school diploma
High school graduates, no college 1
Some college or associate degree
Bachelor’s degree and higher 2
FOREIGN BORN White non-Hispanic or Latino Civilian noninstitutional population ...................................... Civilian labor force ........................................................... Participation rate ...................................................... Employed ..................................................................... Employment-population ratio ................................... Unemployed ................................................................ Unemployment rate .................................................
910 291 32.0 274 30.1 17 6.0
1 857 1 029 55.4 978 52.6 51 5.0
1 238 772 62.4 730 59.0 42 5.5
2 506 1 825 72.8 1 749 69.8 76 4.2
899 298 33.2 279 31.1 19 6.4
1 833 981 53.5 948 51.7 33 3.4
1 281 811 63.3 768 60.0 43 5.3
2 474 1 814 73.3 1 747 70.6 67 3.7
Black non-Hispanic or Latino Civilian noninstitutional population ...................................... Civilian labor force ........................................................... Participation rate ...................................................... Employed ..................................................................... Employment-population ratio ................................... Unemployed ................................................................ Unemployment rate .................................................
366 223 60.9 195 53.3 28 12.5
629 494 78.5 458 72.9 35 7.1
477 393 82.2 361 75.7 31 7.9
564 490 86.9 458 81.2 32 6.6
371 220 59.4 198 53.4 22 10.1
650 495 76.1 463 71.1 32 6.5
451 364 80.7 332 73.7 31 8.6
569 487 85.6 463 81.3 25 5.0
Asian non-Hispanic or Latino Civilian noninstitutional population ...................................... Civilian labor force ........................................................... Participation rate ...................................................... Employed ..................................................................... Employment-population ratio ................................... Unemployed ................................................................ Unemployment rate .................................................
867 405 46.7 366 42.2 39 9.7
1 304 863 66.2 811 62.2 51 6.0
932 675 72.4 628 67.3 47 7.0
3 033 2 321 76.5 2 211 72.9 110 4.7
874 390 44.6 366 41.9 24 6.1
1 291 862 66.8 819 63.4 43 5.0
986 727 73.8 688 69.8 40 5.4
3 163 2 394 75.7 2 321 73.4 72 3.0
Hispanic or Latino Ethnicity Civilian noninstitutional population ...................................... Civilian labor force ........................................................... Participation rate ...................................................... Employed ..................................................................... Employment-population ratio ................................... Unemployed ................................................................ Unemployment rate .................................................
6 645 4 436 66.8 4 095 61.6 341 7.7
2 916 2 160 74.1 2 040 70.0 120 5.6
1 428 1 093 76.6 1 036 72.6 58 5.3
1 247 983 78.9 940 75.4 44 4.4
6 618 4 422 66.8 4 111 62.1 311 7.0
3 088 2 315 75.0 2 209 71.5 105 4.6
1 474 1 147 77.9 1 102 74.8 46 4.0
1 280 997 77.9 957 74.8 40 4.0
White non-Hispanic or Latino Civilian noninstitutional population ...................................... Civilian labor force ........................................................... Participation rate ...................................................... Employed ..................................................................... Employment-population ratio ................................... Unemployed ................................................................ Unemployment rate .................................................
13 010 4 713 36.2 4 348 33.0 365 7.7
42 044 26 005 61.9 24 811 59.0 1 194 4.6
33 809 24 276 71.8 23 312 69.0 965 4.0
37 843 29 493 77.9 28 708 76.0 786 2.7
12 622 4 546 36.0 4 193 33.0 353 7.8
42 042 25 719 61.2 24 615 59.0 1 103 4.3
34 302 24 536 71.5 23 681 69.0 854 3.5
38 440 29 797 77.5 29 079 75.6 718 2.4
Black non-Hispanic or Latino Civilian noninstitutional population ...................................... Civilian labor force ........................................................... Participation rate ...................................................... Employed ..................................................................... Employment-population ratio ................................... Unemployed ................................................................ Unemployment rate .................................................
3 448 1 267 36.8 1 088 31.6 179 14.1
6 410 4 292 67.0 3 878 60.5 414 9.6
5 001 3 820 76.4 3 521 70.4 298 7.8
3 022 2 458 81.3 2 364 78.2 95 3.9
3 391 1 228 36.2 1 025 30.2 203 16.5
6 600 4 400 66.7 4 004 60.7 396 9.0
5 068 3 768 74.4 3 483 68.7 285 7.6
3 097 2 554 82.5 2 451 79.1 104 4.1
Asian non-Hispanic or Latino Civilian noninstitutional population ...................................... Civilian labor force ........................................................... Participation rate ...................................................... Employed ..................................................................... Employment-population ratio ................................... Unemployed ................................................................ Unemployment rate .................................................
132 50 38.0 46 35.0 4 8.8
294 174 59.0 167 57.0 7 3.8
358 251 70.2 243 68.0 8 3.1
755 611 81.0 593 79.0 18 3.0
142 55 38.4 52 37.0 2 4.2
320 174 54.6 170 53.0 4 2.4
381 259 68.0 252 65.9 8 3.0
807 640 79.2 624 77.3 16 2.5
Hispanic or Latino Ethnicity Civilian noninstitutional population ...................................... Civilian labor force ........................................................... Participation rate ...................................................... Employed ..................................................................... Employment-population ratio ................................... Unemployed ................................................................ Unemployment rate .................................................
2 324 1 088 46.8 977 42.1 110 10.2
3 078 2 270 73.7 2 129 69.1 141 6.2
2 487 2 008 80.7 1 890 76.0 118 5.9
1 350 1 142 84.6 1 099 81.4 43 3.8
2 297 1 131 49.2 1 024 44.6 106 9.4
3 084 2 251 73.0 2 120 68.8 131 5.8
2 590 2 075 80.1 1 966 75.9 109 5.2
1 406 1 207 85.9 1 170 83.3 37 3.1
NATIVE BORN
Note: Data for race/ethnicity groups do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Due to the introduction of revised population controls in January 2004, estimated levels for 2004 are not strictly comparable with those for 2003. 1Includes 2Includes
persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.
146
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-61. Employed Foreign Born and Native Born Persons 16 Years and Over by Occupation and Sex, 2003–2004 Averages (Thousands of people, percent.) 2003
2004
Characteristic Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
TOTAL EMPLOYED ..............................................................................................
20 255
12 263
7 992
118 997
62 261
56 736
Percent .................................................................................................................. Management, professional, and related occupations ......................................... Management, business, and financial operations occupations ...................... Management occupations .......................................................................... Business and financial operations occupations ......................................... Professional and related occupations ............................................................ Computer and mathematical occupations .................................................. Architecture and engineering occupations ................................................. Life, physical, and social science occupations ........................................... Community and social services occupations ............................................. Legal occupations ...................................................................................... Education, training, and library occupations .............................................. Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations ..................... Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations ..................................... Service occupations ........................................................................................... Healthcare support occupations ..................................................................... Protective service occupations ....................................................................... Food preparation and serving related occupations ........................................ Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations ...................... Personal care and service occupations ......................................................... Sales and office occupations ............................................................................. Sales and related occupations ....................................................................... Office and administrative support occupations .............................................. Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations ........................ Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations .................................................... Construction and extraction occupations ....................................................... Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ......................................... Production, transportation, and material moving occupations ........................... Production occupations .................................................................................. Transportation and material moving occupations ..........................................
100.0 26.5 9.8 7.1 2.7 16.7 3.0 2.1 1.1 0.9 0.5 3.2 1.5 4.4 22.8 2.3 1.0 7.5 8.4 3.6 18.4 9.2 9.2 14.7 1.8 9.7 3.2 17.5 10.6 6.8
100.0 24.4 9.8 7.9 1.9 14.6 3.8 2.9 1.0 0.7 0.3 2.0 1.3 2.6 18.3 0.5 1.3 7.5 7.5 1.4 13.3 8.1 5.2 23.3 2.4 15.8 5.1 20.7 11.3 9.4
100.0 29.8 9.8 5.9 3.9 20.0 1.9 0.8 1.2 1.4 0.8 5.1 1.8 7.1 29.8 5.1 0.4 7.5 9.8 6.9 26.3 11.0 15.4 1.6 0.9 0.3 0.4 12.5 9.6 2.8
100.0 36.3 15.3 11.0 4.3 20.9 2.1 2.0 1.0 1.7 1.2 6.1 2.0 4.9 15.2 2.1 2.2 4.8 2.9 3.2 26.7 11.9 14.8 9.7 0.5 5.5 3.7 12.1 6.1 6.0
100.0 34.0 16.9 13.2 3.7 17.1 2.9 3.3 1.0 1.2 1.2 3.0 2.0 2.4 12.2 0.4 3.3 3.7 3.5 1.3 18.0 11.4 6.5 17.8 0.8 10.2 6.8 18.1 8.4 9.8
100.0 38.8 13.6 8.6 5.0 25.2 1.2 0.6 0.9 2.1 1.2 9.5 2.0 7.7 18.5 3.9 1.0 6.1 2.3 5.2 36.2 12.3 23.9 0.9 0.2 0.3 0.4 5.5 3.7 1.8
Note: Due to the introduction of revised population controls in January 2004, estimated levels for 2004 are not strictly comparable with those for 2003.
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
147
Table 1-62. Median Usual Weekly Earnings of Full-Time Wage and Salary Workers for the Foreign Born and Native Born by Selected Characteristics, 2003–2004 Averages (Thousands of people, dollars.) Foreign born Characteristic
Native born
Median weekly earnings
Number
Earnings of foreign born as a percent of native born 1
Median weekly earnings
Number
2003 Total, 16 Years and Over ................................................................ Men ................................................................................................... Women .............................................................................................
15 227 9 666 5 560
489 503 459
85 076 46 560 38 516
643 732 567
76.0 68.7 80.8
Age 16 to 24 years ................................................................................... 25 to 34 years ................................................................................... 35 to 44 years ................................................................................... 45 to 54 years ................................................................................... 55 to 64 years ................................................................................... 65 years and over .............................................................................
1 512 4 642 4 493 2 984 1 355 241
345 466 522 567 600 500
9 278 20 134 22 602 21 461 10 084 1 516
393 615 716 742 725 518
87.7 75.8 72.8 76.4 82.8 96.6
Race and Hispanic or Latino Ethnicity White non-Hispanic or Latino .......................................................... Black non-Hispanic or Latino ........................................................... Asian non-Hispanic or Latino ........................................................... Hispanic or Latino ethnicity ...............................................................
2 863 1 266 3 250 7 690
681 515 689 398
66 371 10 258 991 5 944
683 515 732 523
99.7 99.8 94.0 76.1
Educational Attainment Total, 25 years and over ................................................................... Less than a high school diploma ...................................................... High school graduates, no college 2 ................................................. Some college .................................................................................... Bachelor’s degree and higher 3 .......................................................
13 715 4 034 3 359 2 135 4 186
511 369 467 576 909
75 798 4 559 23 724 22 475 25 040
688 430 569 647 971
74.2 86.0 82.1 89.0 93.6
Total, 16 Years and Over ................................................................ Men ................................................................................................... Women .............................................................................................
15 580 9 902 5 678
502 518 473
85 644 47 099 38 545
664 749 585
75.6 69.1 81.0
Age 16 to 24 years ................................................................................... 25 to 34 years ................................................................................... 35 to 44 years ................................................................................... 45 to 54 years ................................................................................... 55 to 64 years ................................................................................... 65 years and over .............................................................................
1 551 4 631 4 538 3 187 1 409 264
341 491 540 565 607 552
9 325 20 126 22 323 21 799 10 523 1 548
397 624 741 764 740 562
85.8 78.7 72.9 73.9 82.0 98.2
Race and Hispanic or Latino Ethnicity White non-Hispanic or Latino .......................................................... Black non-Hispanic or Latino ........................................................... Asian non-Hispanic or Latino ........................................................... Hispanic or Latino ethnicity ...............................................................
2 852 1 268 3 383 7 899
731 533 699 402
66 563 10 374 1 009 6 163
702 529 738 539
104.1 100.8 94.8 74.5
Educational Attainment Total, 25 years and over ................................................................... Less than a high school diploma ...................................................... High school graduates, no college 2 ................................................. Some college .................................................................................... Bachelor’s degree and higher 3 .......................................................
14 029 4 094 3 486 2 216 4 234
524 373 478 595 943
76 319 4 439 23 655 22 630 25 595
710 433 586 668 994
73.7 86.2 81.5 89.0 94.9
2004
Note: Due to the introduction of revised population controls in January 2004, estimated levels for 2004 are not strictly comparable with those for 2003. Data for race/ethnicity groups do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. 1These figures are computed using unrounded medians and may differ slightly from 2Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. 3Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.
percents computed using the rounded medians displayed in this table.
148
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-63. Percentage Distribution of the Civilian Labor Force 25 to 64 Years of Age by Educational Attainment, Sex, and Race, March 1990–2005 (Number, percent.) Percent distribution Sex, race, and year
Civilian labor force (thousands)
Less than a high school diploma
Total
4 years of high school only
1 to 3 years of college
4 or more years of college
Total 1990 .................................................. 1991 .................................................. 1992 .................................................. 1993 .................................................. 1994 ..................................................
99 175 100 480 102 387 103 504 104 868
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
13.4 13.0 12.2 11.5 11.0
39.5 39.4 36.2 35.2 34.0
20.7 21.1 25.2 26.3 27.7
26.4 26.5 26.4 27.0 27.3
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ..................................................
106 519 108 037 110 514 111 857 112 542
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
10.8 10.9 10.9 10.7 10.3
33.1 32.9 33.0 32.8 32.3
27.8 27.7 27.4 27.4 27.4
28.3 28.5 28.6 29.1 30.0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ..................................................
114 052 115 073 117 738 119 261 119 392 120 461
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
9.8 9.8 10.1 10.1 9.7 9.8
31.8 31.4 30.6 30.1 30.1 30.1
27.9 28.1 27.7 27.8 27.8 27.8
30.4 30.7 31.6 31.9 32.4 32.3
Men 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ..................................................
54 476 55 165 55 917 56 544 56 633
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
15.1 14.7 13.9 13.2 12.7
37.2 37.5 34.7 33.9 32.9
19.7 20.2 23.8 24.7 25.8
28.0 27.6 27.5 28.1 28.6
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ..................................................
57 454 58 121 59 268 59 905 60 030
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
12.2 12.7 12.8 12.3 11.7
32.3 32.2 32.2 32.3 32.0
25.7 26.0 25.8 25.8 25.8
29.7 29.1 29.2 29.6 30.5
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ..................................................
60 510 61 091 62 794 63 466 63 699 64 562
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
11.1 11.0 11.8 12.0 11.5 11.6
31.8 31.6 30.6 30.1 30.5 31.4
26.1 26.3 25.9 25.8 25.8 25.4
30.9 31.1 31.7 32.1 32.2 31.6
Women 1990 .................................................. 1991 .................................................. 1992 .................................................. 1993 .................................................. 1994 ..................................................
44 699 45 315 46 469 46 961 48 235
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
11.3 10.9 10.2 9.3 9.1
42.4 41.6 37.9 36.7 35.3
21.9 22.2 26.9 28.2 29.8
24.5 25.2 25.0 25.8 25.8
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ..................................................
49 065 49 916 51 246 51 953 52 512
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
9.1 8.8 8.7 8.8 8.7
34.1 33.7 34.0 33.3 32.7
30.2 29.7 29.3 29.3 29.2
26.6 27.8 28.0 28.6 29.5
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ..................................................
53 541 53 982 54 944 55 795 55 693 55 899
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
8.4 8.5 8.2 8.0 7.7 7.8
31.8 31.1 30.6 30.1 29.6 28.6
30.0 30.1 29.7 30.1 30.2 30.5
29.8 30.2 31.5 31.8 32.5 33.1
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
149
Table 1-63. Percentage Distribution of the Civilian Labor Force 25 to 64 Years of Age by Educational Attainment, Sex, and Race, March 1990–2005—Continued (Number, percent.) Percent distribution Sex, race, and year
Civilian labor force (thousands)
Less than a high school diploma
Total
4 years of high school only
1 to 3 years of college
4 or more years of college
White1 1990 .................................................. 1991 .................................................. 1992 .................................................. 1993 .................................................. 1994 ..................................................
85 238 86 344 87 656 88 457 89 009
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
12.6 12.2 11.3 10.7 10.5
39.6 39.3 36.1 35.0 33.7
20.6 21.1 25.5 26.4 27.7
27.1 27.4 27.1 27.9 28.1
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ..................................................
90 192 91 506 93 179 93 527 94 216
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
10.0 10.4 10.4 10.2 9.8
32.8 32.8 32.8 32.7 32.2
27.8 27.5 27.3 27.4 27.2
29.3 29.3 29.5 29.8 30.8
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ..................................................
95 073 95 562 97 699 98 241 98 030 98 581
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
9.5 9.5 9.8 9.9 9.5 9.7
31.8 31.0 30.6 30.0 29.8 29.8
27.7 28.0 27.6 27.7 27.8 27.8
31.0 31.4 32.0 32.4 32.9 32.7
Black1 1990 .................................................. 1991 .................................................. 1992 .................................................. 1993 .................................................. 1994 ..................................................
10 537 10 650 10 936 11 051 11 368
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
19.9 19.5 19.2 16.8 14.5
42.5 42.9 40.3 39.5 39.3
22.1 22.1 24.9 27.6 29.2
15.5 15.4 15.6 16.1 17.0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ..................................................
11 695 11 891 12 253 12 893 12 945
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
14.1 14.2 14.3 14.3 13.0
38.6 37.2 37.8 37.3 37.2
29.6 31.2 31.3 30.1 30.4
17.7 17.4 16.6 18.2 19.5
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
.................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. .................................................. ..................................................
13 383 13 617 13 319 13 315 13 372 13 635
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
11.8 12.0 12.4 11.3 11.0 11.2
36.1 37.1 34.5 35.6 36.6 37.3
31.5 31.1 32.0 31.5 30.5 29.9
20.7 19.8 21.0 21.6 21.9 21.6
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
150
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-64. Labor Force Participation Rates of Persons 25 to 64 Years of Age by Educational Attainment, Sex, and Race, March 1990–2005 (Civilian labor force as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional population.) Participation rates Sex, race, and year
Less than a high school diploma
Total
4 years of high school only
1 to 3 years of college
4 or more years of college
Total 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
78.6 78.6 79.0 78.9 78.9
60.7 60.7 60.3 59.6 58.3
78.2 78.1 78.3 77.7 77.8
83.3 83.2 83.5 82.9 83.2
88.4 88.4 88.4 88.3 88.2
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
79.3 79.4 80.1 80.2 80.0
59.8 60.2 61.7 63.0 62.7
77.3 77.9 78.5 78.4 78.1
83.2 83.7 83.7 83.5 83.0
88.7 87.8 88.5 88.0 87.6
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
80.3 80.2 79.7 79.4 78.8 78.5
62.7 63.5 63.5 64.1 63.2 62.9
78.4 78.4 77.7 76.9 76.1 75.7
83.2 83.0 82.1 81.9 81.2 81.1
87.8 87.0 86.7 86.2 85.9 85.7
Men 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
88.8 88.6 88.6 88.1 87.0
75.1 75.1 75.1 74.9 71.5
89.9 89.3 89.0 88.1 86.8
91.5 92.0 91.8 90.6 90.3
94.5 94.2 93.7 93.7 93.2
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
87.4 87.5 87.7 87.8 87.5
72.0 74.3 75.2 75.3 74.4
86.9 86.9 86.4 86.7 86.6
90.1 90.0 90.6 90.0 89.4
93.8 92.9 93.5 93.4 93.0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
87.5 87.4 87.0 86.4 85.9 86.0
74.9 75.4 75.5 76.1 75.2 75.7
86.2 85.8 85.3 84.3 83.8 83.7
88.9 89.1 88.8 87.5 87.0 87.5
93.3 92.9 92.4 92.2 91.9 91.7
Women 1990 ............................................................. 1991 ............................................................. 1992 ............................................................. 1993 ............................................................. 1994 .............................................................
68.9 69.1 70.0 70.0 71.1
46.2 46.2 45.6 44.2 44.7
68.7 68.6 69.1 68.8 70.0
75.9 75.2 76.2 76.1 77.0
81.1 81.8 82.2 82.2 82.5
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
71.5 71.8 72.8 73.0 72.8
47.2 45.7 47.1 49.8 50.5
68.9 69.8 71.4 70.9 70.4
77.3 78.1 77.6 77.8 77.4
82.8 82.3 83.2 82.3 81.9
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
73.5 73.4 72.7 72.6 72.0 71.4
50.4 51.7 50.4 50.5 49.7 48.7
71.2 71.3 70.4 69.8 68.6 67.4
78.3 77.7 76.4 77.1 76.2 75.8
82.0 80.9 81.0 80.1 80.0 79.8
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
151
Table 1-64. Labor Force Participation Rates of Persons 25 to 64 Years of Age by Educational Attainment, Sex, and Race, March 1990–2005—Continued (Civilian labor force as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional population.) Participation rates Sex, race, and year
Less than a high school diploma
Total
4 years of high school only
1 to 3 years of college
4 or more years of college
White1 1990 ............................................................. 1991 ............................................................. 1992 ............................................................. 1993 ............................................................. 1994 .............................................................
79.2 79.4 79.8 79.7 79.8
62.5 62.5 61.5 61.1 60.3
78.4 78.3 78.7 78.2 78.3
83.3 83.1 83.8 83.1 83.5
88.3 88.6 88.7 88.8 88.5
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
80.1 80.4 81.0 80.6 80.6
61.6 62.5 63.8 63.8 64.2
77.9 78.6 79.2 78.6 78.5
83.4 83.9 83.9 83.5 83.3
88.8 88.2 89.0 88.3 87.9
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
80.8 80.7 80.3 80.1 79.5 79.2
64.2 64.5 65.0 65.7 64.6 63.8
78.7 78.7 78.2 77.5 76.7 76.4
83.1 83.1 82.4 82.3 81.6 81.5
87.9 87.2 87.0 86.5 86.2 86.1
Black1 1990 ............................................................. 1991 ............................................................. 1992 ............................................................. 1993 ............................................................. 1994 .............................................................
74.6 73.9 74.4 73.8 73.5
54.5 53.9 55.4 53.4 49.4
78.2 77.1 76.9 74.7 75.2
84.2 84.1 83.4 83.0 82.4
92.0 90.2 89.1 89.6 89.5
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
74.2 73.7 74.9 77.7 76.5
51.0 50.1 52.9 59.3 55.1
74.5 74.3 75.0 77.0 76.5
82.8 83.0 83.8 85.0 82.9
90.9 87.9 89.0 88.8 88.6
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
77.9 78.1 76.4 75.8 75.0 75.2
55.5 58.7 56.6 55.4 55.2 58.2
77.0 76.8 75.0 73.9 73.4 72.6
84.2 83.0 81.7 81.2 79.0 79.5
90.3 90.5 88.9 88.2 87.9 87.2
1Beginning
in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as the main race.
152
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-65. Unemployment Rates of Persons 25 to 64 Years of Age by Educational Attainment and Sex, March 1990–2005 (Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.) Unemployment rates Sex, race, and year
Less than a high school diploma
Total
4 years of high school only
1 to 3 years of college
4 or more years of college
Total 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
4.5 6.1 6.7 6.4 5.8
9.6 12.3 13.5 13.0 12.6
4.9 6.7 7.7 7.3 6.7
3.7 5.0 5.9 5.5 5.0
1.9 2.9 2.9 3.2 2.9
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
4.8 4.8 4.4 4.0 3.5
10.0 10.9 10.4 8.5 7.7
5.2 5.5 5.1 4.8 4.0
4.5 4.1 3.8 3.6 3.1
2.5 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.9
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
3.3 3.5 5.0 5.3 5.1 4.4
7.9 8.1 10.2 9.9 10.5 9.0
3.8 4.2 6.1 6.4 5.9 5.5
3.0 2.9 4.5 5.2 4.9 4.1
1.5 2.0 2.8 3.0 2.9 2.3
Men 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
4.8 6.8 7.5 7.3 6.2
9.6 13.4 14.8 14.1 12.8
5.3 7.7 8.8 8.7 7.2
3.9 5.2 6.4 6.3 5.3
2.1 3.2 3.2 3.4 2.9
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
5.1 5.3 4.7 4.1 3.5
10.9 11.0 9.9 8.0 7.0
5.7 6.4 5.6 5.1 4.1
4.4 4.5 4.0 3.7 3.2
2.6 2.3 2.1 1.7 1.9
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
3.3 3.7 5.5 5.8 5.4 4.7
7.1 7.5 9.9 9.5 9.4 7.9
3.9 4.6 6.7 6.9 6.6 6.0
3.1 3.2 4.9 6.0 5.4 4.3
1.6 1.9 3.0 3.2 3.0 2.5
Women 1990 ............................................................. 1991 ............................................................. 1992 ............................................................. 1993 ............................................................. 1994 .............................................................
4.2 5.2 5.7 5.2 5.4
9.5 10.7 11.4 11.2 12.4
4.6 5.5 6.5 5.8 6.2
3.5 4.8 5.3 4.6 4.7
1.7 2.5 2.5 2.9 2.9
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
4.4 4.1 4.1 3.9 3.5
8.6 10.7 11.3 9.3 8.8
4.6 4.4 4.5 4.4 3.9
4.5 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.0
2.4 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.9
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. ............................................................. .............................................................
3.2 3.3 4.6 4.8 4.7 4.2
9.1 8.9 10.6 10.6 12.2 10.9
3.6 3.8 5.4 5.9 5.2 4.8
2.9 2.6 4.1 4.4 4.3 4.0
1.4 2.0 2.6 2.8 2.9 2.2
153
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-66. Workers Age 25 to 64 by Educational Attainment, Occupation of Longest Job Held, and Sex, 2003–2004 (Thousands of people with work experience during the year.) Sex and occupation
Less than a high school diploma
Total
4 years of high school only
1 to 3 years of college
4 or more years of college
2003 Total ................................................................................................................... Management, business, and financial operations occupations ...................... Management occupations .......................................................................... Business and financial operations occupations .......................................... Professional and related occupations ............................................................ Computer and mathematical occupations .................................................. Architecture and engineering occupations ................................................. Life, physical, and social science occupations ........................................... Community and social services occupations .............................................. Legal occupations ...................................................................................... Education, training, and library occupations ............................................... Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations ...................... Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations ..................................... Service occupations ....................................................................................... Healthcare supporting occupations ............................................................ Protective service occupations ................................................................... Food preparation and serving related occupations .................................... Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations .................. Personal care and service occupations ...................................................... Sales and office occupations .......................................................................... Sales and related occupations ................................................................... Office and administrative support occupations ........................................... Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations .................... Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ................................................. Construction and extraction occupations ................................................... Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ..................................... Production, transportation, and material moving occupations ........................ Production occupations .............................................................................. Transportation and material moving occupations ....................................... Armed forces ..................................................................................................
122 19 13 5 26 2 2 1 1 1 7 2 6 17 2 2 4 4 3 29 12 16 12
Men .................................................................................................................... Management, business, and financial operations occupations ...................... Management occupations .......................................................................... Business and financial operations occupations .......................................... Professional and related occupations ............................................................ Computer and mathematical occupations .................................................. Architecture and engineering occupations ................................................. Life, physical, and social science occupations ........................................... Community and social services occupations .............................................. Legal occupations ...................................................................................... Education, training, and library occupations ............................................... Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations ...................... Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations ..................................... Service occupations ....................................................................................... Healthcare supporting occupations ............................................................ Protective service occupations ................................................................... Food preparation and serving related occupations .................................... Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations .................. Personal care and service occupations ...................................................... Sales and office occupations .......................................................................... Sales and related occupations ................................................................... Office and administrative support occupations ........................................... Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations .................... Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ................................................. Construction and extraction occupations ................................................... Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ..................................... Production, transportation, and material moving occupations ........................ Production occupations .............................................................................. Transportation and material moving occupations ....................................... Armed forces ..................................................................................................
64 10 8 2 11 2 2
Women .............................................................................................................. Management, business, and financial operations occupations ...................... Management occupations .......................................................................... Business and financial operations occupations .......................................... Professional and related occupations ............................................................ Computer and mathematical occupations .................................................. Architecture and engineering occupations ................................................. Life, physical, and social science occupations ........................................... Community and social services occupations .............................................. Legal occupations ...................................................................................... Education, training, and library occupations ............................................... Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations ...................... Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations ..................................... Service occupations ....................................................................................... Healthcare supporting occupations ............................................................ Protective service occupations ................................................................... Food preparation and serving related occupations .................................... Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations .................. Personal care and service occupations ...................................................... Sales and office occupations .......................................................................... Sales and related occupations ................................................................... Office and administrative support occupations ........................................... Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations .................... Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ................................................. Construction and extraction occupations ................................................... Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ..................................... Production, transportation, and material moving occupations ........................ Production occupations .............................................................................. Transportation and material moving occupations ....................................... Armed forces .................................................................................................. . . . = Not available.
7 4 16 9 7
1 1 1 7 2 1 2 10 6 3 12 7 4 12 6 6
57 8 5 3 15
1 5 1 4 10 2 2 1 2 19 5 13
4 2 1
312 051 645 406 431 995 449 240 999 466 587 384 311 269 418 542 442 368 499 555 624 931 938 897 527 514 438 025 413 630
11 727 399 352 48 186 24 5 0 24 9 64 36 23 3 319 308 96 1 021 1 465 429 1 502 767 735 2 917 462 1 878 577 3 400 1 909 1 491 4
36 703 3 508 2 686 822 2 336 233 254 98 167 87 661 325 510 6 862 939 693 1 933 1 908 1 390 10 357 3 890 6 467 5 701 281 3 413 2 006 7 828 4 218 3 610 111
34 5 3 1 5
356 076 647 429 907 784 602 144 343 228 933 683 191 020 936 126 051 729 177 678 949 728 437 105 771 560 957 211 746 282
39 10 6 3 18 1 1
929 742 421 321 273 128 131 741 777 750 924 234 588 214 218 020 795 500 681 553 789 764 259 656 313 290 329 209 120 559
7 330 253 233 20 62 19 4 ... 14 1 4 16 3 1 404 23 64 479 764 74 567 284 282 2 730 321 1 849 559 2 310 1 126 1 184 4
19 785 1 898 1 686 212 793 140 208 63 63 8 78 161 72 2 568 69 512 689 1 058 240 3 024 1 782 1 242 5 446 206 3 323 1 916 5 957 2 961 2 996 99
16 945 2 626 2 128 499 2 099 546 529 88 119 31 150 364 273 2 146 84 914 420 500 227 3 467 2 128 1 339 3 279 87 1 700 1 492 3 074 1 617 1 458 254
20 5 4 1 8 1 1
384 310 225 085 158 867 318 500 222 716 663 150 722 054 200 522 647 867 818 002 835 168 680 241 214 225 109 815 293 71
4 397 146 118 28 125 5 1 0 11 8 60 20 19 1 915 285 32 542 701 355 935 482 453 187 140 29 18 1 089 783 307 ...
16 918 1 610 1 000 611 1 543 93 47 36 104 79 583 164 438 4 294 870 180 1 244 850 1 150 7 333 2 108 5 225 255 75 90 90 1 872 1 258 614 11
17 411 2 450 1 519 930 3 808 238 73 56 224 197 783 319 1 919 2 874 852 212 630 229 950 7 211 1 822 5 389 157 18 70 69 883 594 289 28
18 4 2 1 9
2 5 1 1 1 10 3 6 3 1 1 3 2 1
1 1 5 1 3 2
7 4 3
1
1 1 1
3 2
4 2
3 1 2
526 068 961 107 002 953 588 998 465 142 929 340 587 068 235 628 437 265 503 019 018 001 884 49 465 370 253 686 566 233 867 964 373 591 319 422 391 590 581 710 692 693 240 096 43 529 207 179 139 495 595 900 803 41 440 322 988 506 482 202 658 103 587 516 683 531 197 408 884 432 238 647 346 972 192 98 230 87 364 523 423 100 80 7 25 48 265 180 84 32
154
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-66. Workers Age 25 to 64 by Educational Attainment, Occupation of Longest Job Held, and Sex, 2003–2004—Continued (Thousands of people with work experience during the year.) Sex and occupation
Less than a high school diploma
Total
4 years of high school only
1 to 3 years of college
4 or more years of college
2004 Total ................................................................................................................... Management, business, and financial operations occupations ...................... Management occupations .......................................................................... Business and financial operations occupations .......................................... Professional and related occupations ............................................................ Computer and mathematical occupations .................................................. Architecture and engineering occupations ................................................. Life, physical, and social science occupations ........................................... Community and social services occupations .............................................. Legal occupations ...................................................................................... Education, training, and library occupations ............................................... Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations ...................... Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations ..................................... Service occupations ....................................................................................... Healthcare supporting occupations ............................................................ Protective service occupations ................................................................... Food preparation and serving related occupations .................................... Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations .................. Personal care and service occupations ...................................................... Sales and office occupations .......................................................................... Sales and related occupations ................................................................... Office and administrative support occupations ........................................... Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations .................... Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ................................................. Construction and extraction occupations ................................................... Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ..................................... Production, transportation, and material moving occupations ........................ Production occupations .............................................................................. Transportation and material moving occupations ....................................... Armed forces ..................................................................................................
123 18 13 5 26 3 2 1 1 1 7 2 6 18 2 2 4 4 3 29 12 16 13
Men .................................................................................................................... Management, business, and financial operations occupations ...................... Management occupations .......................................................................... Business and financial operations occupations .......................................... Professional and related occupations ............................................................ Computer and mathematical occupations .................................................. Architecture and engineering occupations ................................................. Life, physical, and social science occupations ........................................... Community and social services occupations .............................................. Legal occupations ...................................................................................... Education, training, and library occupations ............................................... Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations ...................... Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations ..................................... Service occupations ....................................................................................... Healthcare supporting occupations ............................................................ Protective service occupations ................................................................... Food preparation and serving related occupations .................................... Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations .................. Personal care and service occupations ...................................................... Sales and office occupations .......................................................................... Sales and related occupations ................................................................... Office and administrative support occupations ........................................... Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations .................... Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ................................................. Construction and extraction occupations ................................................... Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ..................................... Production, transportation, and material moving occupations ........................ Production occupations .............................................................................. Transportation and material moving occupations ....................................... Armed forces ..................................................................................................
65 10 8 2 11 2 2
Women .............................................................................................................. Management, business, and financial operations occupations ...................... Management occupations .......................................................................... Business and financial operations occupations .......................................... Professional and related occupations ............................................................ Computer and mathematical occupations .................................................. Architecture and engineering occupations ................................................. Life, physical, and social science occupations ........................................... Community and social services occupations .............................................. Legal occupations ..................................................................................... Education, training, and library occupations ............................................... Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations ...................... Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations ..................................... Service occupations ....................................................................................... Healthcare supporting occupations ............................................................ Protective service occupations ................................................................... Food preparation and serving related occupations .................................... Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations .................. Personal care and service occupations ...................................................... Sales and office occupations .......................................................................... Sales and related occupations ................................................................... Office and administrative support occupations ........................................... Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations .................... Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ................................................. Construction and extraction occupations ................................................... Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ..................................... Production, transportation, and material moving occupations ........................ Production occupations .............................................................................. Transportation and material moving occupations ....................................... Armed forces .................................................................................................. . . . = Not available.
8 4 16 9 7
1 1 1 7 1 1 2 10 6 3 13 7 4 12 6 6
57 8 5 3 15
1 5 1 4 10 2 2 2 2 18 6 12
4 2 1
578 667 311 356 599 137 470 249 918 427 740 392 267 016 526 564 672 708 547 571 839 732 718 947 076 694 436 062 374 571
12 018 396 347 50 203 13 6 2 23 5 61 45 47 3 437 314 92 1 096 1 541 395 1 490 825 665 3 139 474 2 095 571 3 345 1 890 1 455 8
37 168 3 308 2 586 722 2 290 230 263 99 188 87 652 321 450 7 238 997 717 2 078 2 068 1 379 10 335 3 991 6 344 5 938 297 3 585 2 056 7 930 4 298 3 632 129
34 4 3 1 6
480 890 444 446 031 840 604 118 358 251 993 633 234 163 997 098 071 804 193 658 983 675 623 108 883 632 890 167 723 225
39 10 6 3 18 2 1 1 1 1 6 1 3 2
840 428 208 219 365 272 135 724 773 701 916 249 594 540 274 983 890 703 688 605 826 779 015 704 826 484 363 231 132 524
7 582 273 249 24 75 10 5 ... 10 ... 4 34 11 1 402 28 56 490 784 45 520 304 216 2 960 346 2 056 558 2 344 1 157 1 187 8
20 572 1 798 1 596 203 867 161 230 67 68 10 85 161 86 2 873 93 550 749 1 212 269 3 210 1 873 1 337 5 700 228 3 493 1 979 6 006 3 011 2 995 118
16 845 2 446 2 011 435 2 116 603 521 70 126 23 159 346 268 2 144 119 851 430 524 219 3 437 2 068 1 369 3 432 77 1 798 1 557 3 059 1 588 1 470 211
20 5 4 1 8 1 1
740 240 103 137 234 864 335 525 144 726 824 143 673 477 251 580 782 004 859 965 012 953 703 243 250 210 073 831 242 48
4 436 123 97 26 127 3 2 2 12 5 57 11 36 2 034 286 36 606 757 350 971 521 449 180 128 38 14 1 001 733 268 ...
16 594 1 509 990 519 1 423 70 33 32 120 78 567 159 364 4 365 904 166 1 329 856 1 110 7 125 2 117 5 008 238 69 92 77 1 923 1 287 636 11
17 2 1 1 3
19 4 2 1 9
2 5 1 1 1 10 3 6 3 1 1 3 2 1
1 3
7 1 5
636 445 433 011 915 237 84 47 233 228 834 287 966 019 877 247 641 280 975 221 915 306 191 31 85 75 831 579 252 14
7 4 3 1
1
1 1 1
3 2
4 2 1
3 1 2
913 073 934 139 075 053 597 031 348 083 034 393 537 179 219 658 426 295 581 087 040 047 018 68 514 436 271 706 565 210 841 910 352 558 306 498 380 586 569 668 669 707 228 121 35 526 221 183 157 439 582 857 923 53 479 391 954 474 480 188 070 162 582 581 769 555 217 445 779 415 365 686 308 058 184 132 206 112 424 648 459 190 94 14 35 45 317 232 85 22
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
155
Table 1-67. Percent Distribution of Workers Age 25 to 64 by Educational Attainment, Occupation of Longest Job Held, and Sex, 2003–2004 (Percent of total workers in occupation.) Sex and occupation
Less than a high school diploma
Total
4 years of high school only
1 to 3 years of college
4 or more years of college
2003 Total ................................................................................................................... Management, business, and financial operations occupations ...................... Management occupations .......................................................................... Business and financial operations occupations .......................................... Professional and related occupations ............................................................ Computer and mathematical occupations .................................................. Architecture and engineering occupations ................................................. Life, physical, and social science occupations ........................................... Community and social services occupations .............................................. Legal occupations ...................................................................................... Education, training, and library occupations ............................................... Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations ...................... Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations ..................................... Service occupations ....................................................................................... Healthcare supporting occupations ............................................................ Protective service occupations ................................................................... Food preparation and serving related occupations .................................... Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations .................. Personal care and service occupations ...................................................... Sales and office occupations .......................................................................... Sales and related occupations ................................................................... Office and administrative support occupations ........................................... Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations .................... Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ................................................. Construction and extraction occupations ................................................... Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ..................................... Production, transportation, and material moving occupations ........................ Production occupations .............................................................................. Transportation and material moving occupations ....................................... Armed forces ..................................................................................................
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
9.6 2.1 2.6 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.2 0.0 1.2 0.6 0.8 1.5 0.4 19.2 12.7 3.8 23.0 33.5 12.3 5.1 6.1 4.3 22.5 51.5 25.0 12.8 20.7 21.2 20.1 0.7
30.0 18.4 19.7 15.2 8.8 7.8 10.4 7.9 8.4 5.9 8.7 13.6 8.1 39.7 38.8 27.2 43.5 43.7 39.7 35.0 30.8 38.2 44.1 31.4 45.3 44.4 47.6 46.7 48.7 17.5
28.1 26.6 26.7 26.4 22.3 26.2 24.6 11.6 17.2 15.5 12.3 28.6 34.7 29.1 38.7 44.3 23.7 16.7 33.6 36.1 31.3 39.7 26.6 11.8 23.5 34.6 24.1 24.5 23.6 44.7
32.3 52.8 51.0 57.5 68.1 65.2 64.8 80.4 73.3 77.9 78.2 56.2 56.8 12.0 9.7 24.7 9.8 6.1 14.4 23.7 31.8 17.7 6.8 5.4 6.2 8.2 7.6 7.6 7.6 37.1
Men Management, business, and financial operations occupations ...................... Management occupations .......................................................................... Business and financial operations occupations .......................................... Professional and related occupations ............................................................ Computer and mathematical occupations .................................................. Architecture and engineering occupations ................................................. Life, physical, and social science occupations ........................................... Community and social services occupations .............................................. Legal occupations ...................................................................................... Education, training, and library occupations ............................................... Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations ...................... Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations ..................................... Service occupations ....................................................................................... Healthcare supporting occupations ............................................................ Protective service occupations ................................................................... Food preparation and serving related occupations .................................... Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations .................. Personal care and service occupations ...................................................... Sales and office occupations .......................................................................... Sales and related occupations ................................................................... Office and administrative support occupations ........................................... Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations .................... Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ................................................. Construction and extraction occupations ................................................... Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ..................................... Production, transportation, and material moving occupations ........................ Production occupations .............................................................................. Transportation and material moving occupations ....................................... Armed forces ..................................................................................................
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
2.4 2.8 0.8 0.5 0.9 0.2 ... 1.7 0.1 0.2 1.3 0.2 19.5 10.4 3.2 26.7 30.5 10.8 5.4 4.2 7.5 22.3 48.9 25.3 13.0 18.7 18.1 19.4 0.7
17.7 20.0 9.1 7.0 6.6 9.7 8.5 8.1 1.1 4.1 13.0 4.6 35.6 31.5 25.4 38.4 42.3 35.3 28.7 26.3 33.0 44.4 31.4 45.4 44.7 48.3 47.7 49.0 17.8
24.4 25.3 21.5 18.6 25.7 24.8 11.9 15.3 4.1 7.8 29.5 17.2 29.7 38.5 45.2 23.4 20.0 33.4 32.9 31.3 35.6 26.8 13.3 23.3 34.8 24.9 26.0 23.8 45.4
55.5 51.9 68.6 73.8 66.8 65.3 79.7 74.8 94.6 87.9 56.2 78.1 15.2 19.5 26.2 11.5 7.1 20.4 33.1 38.2 23.9 6.6 6.3 6.0 7.5 8.0 8.1 7.9 36.1
Women Management, business, and financial operations occupations ...................... Management occupations .......................................................................... Business and financial operations occupations .......................................... Professional and related occupations ............................................................ Computer and mathematical occupations .................................................. Architecture and engineering occupations ................................................. Life, physical, and social science occupations ........................................... Community and social services occupations .............................................. Legal occupations ...................................................................................... Education, training, and library occupations ............................................... Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations ...................... Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations ..................................... Service occupations ....................................................................................... Healthcare supporting occupations ............................................................ Protective service occupations ................................................................... Food preparation and serving related occupations .................................... Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations .................. Personal care and service occupations ...................................................... Sales and office occupations .......................................................................... Sales and related occupations ................................................................... Office and administrative support occupations ........................................... Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations .................... Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ................................................. Construction and extraction occupations ................................................... Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ..................................... Production, transportation, and material moving occupations ........................ Production occupations .............................................................................. Transportation and material moving occupations ....................................... Armed forces ..................................................................................................
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
1.8 2.3 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.3 0.1 0.9 1.2 1.1 1.7 0.4 19.0 12.9 6.1 20.5 37.6 12.6 4.9 8.3 3.4 27.6 58.3 13.6 8.0 26.5 27.8 23.7 ...
19.4 19.1 19.8 10.2 10.7 14.7 7.2 8.5 11.0 10.3 14.3 9.3 42.7 39.6 34.5 47.0 45.5 40.8 38.6 36.1 39.7 37.5 31.2 41.9 40.0 45.6 44.7 47.5 16.0
29.5 29.1 30.2 25.1 27.4 23.0 11.2 18.3 27.5 13.8 27.8 40.6 28.6 38.7 40.6 23.8 12.3 33.7 37.9 31.2 40.9 23.1 7.5 32.9 30.6 21.5 21.1 22.3 39.4
49.4 49.5 49.1 63.9 61.3 61.9 81.6 72.3 60.4 74.8 56.3 49.7 9.7 8.8 18.8 8.7 4.7 12.9 18.5 24.4 16.0 11.8 3.0 11.7 21.4 6.4 6.4 6.5 44.6
. . . = Not available.
156
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-67. Percent Distribution of Workers Age 25 to 64 by Educational Attainment, Occupation of Longest Job Held, and Sex, 2003–2004—Continued (Percent of total workers in occupation.) Sex and occupation
Less than a high school diploma
Total
4 years of high school only
1 to 3 years of college
4 or more years of college
2004 Total ................................................................................................................... Management, business, and financial operations occupations ...................... Management occupations .......................................................................... Business and financial operations occupations .......................................... Professional and related occupations ............................................................ Computer and mathematical occupations .................................................. Architecture and engineering occupations ................................................. Life, physical, and social science occupations ........................................... Community and social services occupations .............................................. Legal occupations ...................................................................................... Education, training, and library occupations ............................................... Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations ...................... Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations ..................................... Service occupations ....................................................................................... Healthcare supporting occupations ............................................................ Protective service occupations ................................................................... Food preparation and serving related occupations .................................... Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations .................. Personal care and service occupations ...................................................... Sales and office occupations .......................................................................... Sales and related occupations ................................................................... Office and administrative support occupations ........................................... Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations .................... Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ................................................. Construction and extraction occupations ................................................... Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ..................................... Production, transportation, and material moving occupations ........................ Production occupations .............................................................................. Transportation and material moving occupations ....................................... Armed forces ..................................................................................................
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
9.7 2.1 2.6 0.9 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.1 1.2 0.4 0.8 1.9 0.7 19.1 12.4 3.6 23.5 32.7 11.1 5.0 6.4 4.0 22.9 50.0 25.9 12.2 20.4 20.9 19.7 1.4
30.1 17.7 19.4 13.5 8.6 7.3 10.6 7.9 9.8 6.1 8.4 13.4 7.2 40.2 39.5 27.9 44.5 43.9 38.9 35.0 31.1 37.9 43.3 31.4 44.4 43.8 48.2 47.4 49.3 22.6
27.9 26.2 25.9 27.0 22.7 26.8 24.5 9.4 18.7 17.6 12.8 26.5 35.6 28.7 39.5 42.8 22.9 17.1 33.6 36.0 31.0 39.9 26.4 11.4 23.3 34.8 23.7 23.9 23.4 39.3
32.3 54.0 52.1 58.6 68.0 65.5 64.6 82.5 70.3 75.9 78.0 58.2 56.4 12.1 8.7 25.7 9.1 6.3 16.4 24.0 31.5 18.2 7.4 7.1 6.4 9.3 7.7 7.8 7.7 36.7
Men Management, business, and financial operations occupations ...................... Management occupations .......................................................................... Business and financial operations occupations .......................................... Professional and related occupations ............................................................ Computer and mathematical occupations .................................................. Architecture and engineering occupations ................................................. Life, physical, and social science occupations ........................................... Community and social services occupations .............................................. Legal occupations ...................................................................................... Education, training, and library occupations ............................................... Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations ...................... Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations ..................................... Service occupations ....................................................................................... Healthcare supporting occupations ............................................................ Protective service occupations ................................................................... Food preparation and serving related occupations .................................... Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations .................. Personal care and service occupations ...................................................... Sales and office occupations .......................................................................... Sales and related occupations ................................................................... Office and administrative support occupations ........................................... Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations .................... Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ................................................. Construction and extraction occupations ................................................... Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ..................................... Production, transportation, and material moving occupations ........................ Production occupations .............................................................................. Transportation and material moving occupations ....................................... Armed forces ..................................................................................................
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
2.6 3.0 1.1 0.7 0.5 0.2 ... 1.4 ... 0.2 2.8 0.7 18.6 10.2 2.8 25.9 29.0 6.5 4.9 4.4 5.7 22.7 49.1 26.3 12.4 19.0 18.6 19.3 1.5
17.2 19.4 9.1 7.6 7.1 10.8 9.3 8.8 1.4 4.4 12.9 5.4 38.1 33.8 27.7 39.6 44.8 39.0 30.3 27.4 35.4 43.8 32.4 44.6 44.1 48.6 48.3 48.8 22.5
23.5 24.5 19.6 18.6 26.5 24.4 9.7 16.3 3.3 8.3 27.7 16.8 28.4 43.4 42.9 22.8 19.4 31.8 32.4 30.3 36.2 26.4 10.9 23.0 34.7 24.7 25.5 24.0 40.2
56.7 53.0 70.2 73.1 65.9 64.6 81.0 73.6 95.3 87.1 56.6 77.1 14.9 12.6 26.5 11.7 6.8 22.7 32.4 37.8 22.7 7.1 7.6 6.1 8.7 7.7 7.6 7.8 35.8
Women Management, business, and financial operations occupations ...................... Management occupations .......................................................................... Business and financial operations occupations .......................................... Professional and related occupations ............................................................ Computer and mathematical occupations .................................................. Architecture and engineering occupations ................................................. Life, physical, and social science occupations ........................................... Community and social services occupations .............................................. Legal occupations ..................................................................................... Education, training, and library occupations ............................................... Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations ...................... Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations ..................................... Service occupations ....................................................................................... Healthcare supporting occupations ............................................................ Protective service occupations ................................................................... Food preparation and serving related occupations .................................... Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations .................. Personal care and service occupations ...................................................... Sales and office occupations .......................................................................... Sales and related occupations ................................................................... Office and administrative support occupations ........................................... Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations .................... Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ................................................. Construction and extraction occupations ................................................... Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ..................................... Production, transportation, and material moving occupations ........................ Production occupations .............................................................................. Transportation and material moving occupations ....................................... Armed forces ..................................................................................................
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
1.5 1.9 0.8 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.3 1.1 0.7 1.0 1.0 0.8 19.4 12.7 6.2 21.8 37.8 12.2 5.1 8.7 3.5 25.6 52.7 15.4 6.4 24.6 25.9 21.6 ...
18.3 19.4 16.5 9.3 8.1 9.8 6.1 10.5 10.7 9.7 13.9 7.8 41.7 40.2 28.7 47.8 42.7 38.8 37.6 35.2 38.7 33.9 28.5 36.7 36.6 47.2 45.5 51.3 23.9
29.7 28.1 32.2 25.7 27.4 25.0 9.0 20.3 31.5 14.3 25.1 42.1 28.8 39.0 42.5 23.0 14.0 34.1 38.1 31.9 41.0 27.2 12.9 33.9 35.6 20.4 20.4 20.3 29.6
50.5 50.6 50.4 64.1 64.2 64.7 84.6 68.1 57.1 75.0 60.0 49.4 10.1 8.2 22.7 7.4 5.6 14.8 19.2 24.3 16.9 13.4 5.9 14.0 21.3 7.8 8.2 6.8 46.5
. . . = Not available.
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
157
Table 1-68. Median Annual Earnings by Educational Attainment and Sex, Year-Round Full-Time Wage and Salary Workers, Age 25 to 64, 2000–2004 (Thousands of workers, dollars.) Year and sex
Total
Less than a high school diploma
4 years of high school only
1 to 3 years of college
4 or more years of college
2000 Total Number of workers ........................................................................... Median annual earnings ...................................................................
84 337 35 000
7 354 20 000
26 144 28 600
24 064 34 000
26 775 50 000
Men Number of workers ........................................................................... Median annual earnings ...................................................................
48 816 40 000
4 738 22 500
15 057 33 000
13 242 40 000
15 780 60 000
Women Number of workers ........................................................................... Median annual earnings ...................................................................
35 521 29 000
2 616 16 000
11 087 24 000
10 822 28 000
10 995 40 000
Total Number of workers ........................................................................... Median annual earnings ...................................................................
84 743 35 000
7 623 20 800
25 522 29 000
23 719 35 000
27 879 50 000
Men Number of workers ........................................................................... Median annual earnings ...................................................................
48 887 40 000
5 049 24 000
14 655 33 800
12 968 40 000
16 215 60 000
Women Number of workers ........................................................................... Median annual earnings ...................................................................
35 856 30 000
2 574 17 000
10 867 24 000
10 751 30 000
11 664 42 000
Total Number of workers ........................................................................... Median annual earnings ...................................................................
84 702 36 000
7 578 21 000
25 078 30 000
23 604 35 100
28 443 52 000
Men Number of workers ........................................................................... Median annual earnings ...................................................................
48 687 41 000
5 102 23 400
14 306 34 000
12 677 41 500
16 602 61 000
Women Number of workers ........................................................................... Median annual earnings ...................................................................
36 015 30 000
2 476 18 000
10 772 25 000
10 927 30 000
11 841 43 500
Total Number of workers ........................................................................... Median annual earnings ...................................................................
85 058 37 752
7 245 21 000
25 352 30 000
23 702 36 000
28 759 53 000
Men Number of workers ........................................................................... Median annual earnings ...................................................................
48 988 42 000
4 879 24 000
14 657 35 000
12 766 42 000
16 686 62 000
Women Number of workers ........................................................................... Median annual earnings ...................................................................
36 070 32 000
2 366 18 000
10 695 25 111
10 936 31 000
12 073 45 000
Total Number of workers ........................................................................... Median annual earnings ...................................................................
86 306 38 000
7 648 21 840
25 786 30 000
23 897 37 000
28 976 55 000
Men Number of workers ........................................................................... Median annual earnings ...................................................................
49 904 42 900
5 178 24 000
15 263 35 000
12 822 43 000
16 642 65 000
Women Number of workers ........................................................................... Median annual earnings ...................................................................
36 402 32 000
2 470 18 000
10 523 25 280
11 074 31 200
12 334 45 000
2001
2002
2003
2004
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HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
NOTES AND DEFINITIONS CONTINGENT WORKERS Note: This is the first release of contingent worker data since 2001. Data for that year appear in the 7th edition of this Handbook. Collection and Coverage The data on contingent workers were collected through a supplement to the February 2005 Current Population Survey (CPS), a monthly survey of about 60,000 households that provides data on employment and unemployment for the nation. The U.S. Census Bureau conducts the CPS for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The purpose of this supplement was to obtain information from workers on whether they held contingent jobs (jobs which are expected to last only a limited period of time). Information was also collected on several alternative employment arrangements, namely working on call and as independent contractors, as well as working through temporary help agencies or contract firms. Several major changes introduced into the CPS in 2003 affect the data that are presented in this release. These include the introduction of Census 2000 population controls, the use of new questions about race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, the presentation of data for Asians, and the introduction of new industry and occupational classification systems. All employed persons, except unpaid family workers, were included in the supplement. For persons holding more than one job, the questions referred to the characteristics of their main job—the job at which they worked the most hours. Similar surveys were conducted in February of 1995, 1997, 1999, and 2001. Concepts and Definitions Contingent workers are defined as those who do not have an explicit or implicit contract for long-term employment. Several pieces of information are collected in the supplement from which the existence of a contingent employment arrangement can be discerned. These include: whether the job is temporary or not expected to continue, how long the worker expects to be able to hold the job, and how long the worker has held the job. For workers who have a job with an intermediary (namely a temporary help agency or a contract company), information is collected about their employment at the place they are assigned to work by the intermediary as well as about their employment with the intermediary itself. The key factor used to determine whether a worker’s job fits the conceptual definition of contingent is whether the job is temporary or not expected to continue. The first questions of the supplement include: (1) some people are in temporary jobs that last only for a limited time or until
the completion of a project. Is your job temporary? (2) Provided the economy does not change and your job performance is adequate, can you continue to work for your current employer as long as you wish? Respondents who answer “yes” to the first question or “no” to the second are then asked a series of questions to distinguish persons in temporary jobs from those who, for personal reasons, are temporarily holding jobs that offer the opportunity of ongoing employment. For example, students holding parttime jobs in fast-food restaurants while in school might view those jobs as temporary if they intend to leave them at the end of the school year. Other workers, however, would fill the jobs themselves once the students leave. To assess the impact of altering some of the defining factors on the estimated size of the contingent workforce, three measures of contingent employment were developed, as follows: 1) Estimate one, which is the narrowest, measures contingent workers as wage and salary workers who indicate that they expect to work in their current job for one year or less and who have worked for their current employer for one year or less. Self-employed workers, both incorporated and unincorporated, and independent contractors are excluded from the count of contingent workers under estimate one; individuals who work for temporary help agencies or contract companies are considered contingent under estimate one only if they expect their employment arrangement with the temporary help or contract company to last for one year or less and they have worked for that company for one year or less. 2) Estimate two expands the measure of the contingent work force by including the self-employed—both the incorporated and the unincorporated—and independent contractors who expect to be, and have been, in such employment arrangements for one year or less. (The questions asked of the self-employed are different from those asked of wage and salary workers.) In addition, temporary help and contract company workers are classified as contingent under estimate two if they have worked and expect to work with the customers to whom they have been assigned for one year or less. 3) Estimate three expands the count of contingency by removing the one-year requirement on both expected duration of the job and current tenure for wage and salary workers. Thus, the estimate effectively includes all the wage and salary workers who do not expect their employment to last, except for those who, for personal reasons, expect to leave jobs that they would otherwise be able to keep. A worker who has held a job for five years could be considered contingent if he or she now views the job as temporary. These conditions on expected and current tenure are not relaxed for the self-employed and inde-
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
pendent contractors because they are asked a different set of questions than wage and salary workers. Sources of Additional Information A complete description of the survey and additional tables are available from BLS new release USDL 05-1433.
159
160
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-69. Employed Contingent and Noncontingent Workers by Selected Characteristics, February 2005 (Numbers in thousands.) Contingent Workers Characteristic
Total employed
Noncontingent workers Estimate 1
Estimate 2
Estimate 3
Age and Sex Total, 16 years and over .......................................................................... 16 to 19 years .......................................................................................... 20 to 24 years .......................................................................................... 25 to 34 years .......................................................................................... 35 to 44 years .......................................................................................... 45 to 54 years .......................................................................................... 55 to 64 years .......................................................................................... 65 years and over ....................................................................................
138 952 5 510 13 114 30 103 34 481 32 947 17 980 4 817
2 504 308 606 693 415 263 143 76
3 177 338 688 874 580 387 198 111
5 705 476 1 077 1 447 1 044 875 536 250
133 247 5 035 12 036 28 656 33 437 32 072 17 445 4 567
Men, 16 years and over ........................................................................... 16 to 19 years .......................................................................................... 20 to 24 years .......................................................................................... 25 to 34 years .......................................................................................... 35 to 44 years .......................................................................................... 45 to 54 years .......................................................................................... 55 to 64 years .......................................................................................... 65 years and over ....................................................................................
73 946 2 579 6 928 16 624 18 523 17 193 9 485 2 615
1 325 145 358 395 245 95 70 17
1 648 157 394 512 303 140 107 35
2 914 229 597 829 540 368 261 92
71 032 2 351 6 331 15 794 17 983 16 825 9 224 2 523
Women, 16 years and over ..................................................................... 16 to 19 years .......................................................................................... 20 to 24 years .......................................................................................... 25 to 34 years .......................................................................................... 35 to 44 years .......................................................................................... 45 to 54 years .......................................................................................... 55 to 64 years .......................................................................................... 65 years and over ....................................................................................
65 006 2 931 6 186 13 480 15 958 15 754 8 495 2 202
1 180 163 249 298 171 168 73 58
1 529 182 294 362 277 247 91 76
2 790 247 481 618 504 508 275 158
62 216 2 684 5 705 12 862 15 454 15 247 8 220 2 044
Race and Hispanic or Latino Ethnicity White ....................................................................................................... Black ........................................................................................................ Asian ........................................................................................................ Hispanic or Latino ethnicity ......................................................................
115 043 14 688 6 083 18 062
2 007 296 121 603
2 534 387 161 704
4 521 660 350 1 185
110 522 14 028 5 733 16 876
Full- or Part-time Status Full-time workers ..................................................................................... Part-time workers ....................................................................................
113 798 25 154
1 367 1 137
1 812 1 364
3 410 2 294
110 387 22 860
Note: Noncontingent workers are those who do not fall into any estimate of "contingent" workers. Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. In addition, persons whose ethnicity is Hispanic or Latino may be of any race and, therefore, are classified by ethnicity as well as by race. Detail for other characteristics may not sum to totals due to rounding.
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
161
Table 1-70. Employed Contingent and Noncontingent Workers by Occupation and Industry, February 2005 (Numbers in thousands, percent.) Contingent Workers Characteristic
Noncontingent workers Estimate 1
Estimate 2
Estimate 3
OCCUPATION Total, 16 Years and Over ...............................................................................................................
2 504
3 177
5 705
133 247
Percent .......................................................................................................................................... Management, professional, and related occupations ..................................................................... Management, business, and financial operations occupations .................................................. Professional and related occupations ........................................................................................ Service occupations ....................................................................................................................... Sales and office occupations .......................................................................................................... Sales and related occupations ................................................................................................... Office and administrative support occupations ........................................................................... Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations .................................................... Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ................................................................................. Construction and extraction occupations ................................................................................... Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ..................................................................... Production, transportation, and material moving occupations ........................................................ Production occupations .............................................................................................................. Transportation and material moving occupations .......................................................................
100.0 28.4 5.5 22.8 17.3 24.3 4.9 19.4 16.5 2.4 11.4 2.7 13.6 4.5 9.1
100.0 30.7 8.0 22.6 17.6 22.5 6.0 16.5 16.7 2.0 12.3 2.4 12.5 4.0 8.5
100.0 35.9 8.7 27.2 15.7 20.6 5.7 14.8 16.1 2.1 11.1 2.9 11.7 5.2 6.5
100.0 35.2 14.6 20.6 15.6 26.0 12.1 13.9 10.2 0.5 5.8 3.8 13.1 6.8 6.2
INDUSTRY Total, 16 Years and Over ...............................................................................................................
2 504
3 177
5 705
133 247
Percent .......................................................................................................................................... Agriculture and related industries ................................................................................................... Mining ............................................................................................................................................. Construction ................................................................................................................................... Manufacturing ................................................................................................................................. Wholesale trade ............................................................................................................................. Retail trade ..................................................................................................................................... Transportation and utilities ............................................................................................................. Information .................................................................................................................................... Financial activities .......................................................................................................................... Professional and business services ............................................................................................... Education and health services ....................................................................................................... Leisure and hospitality .................................................................................................................... Other services ................................................................................................................................ Public administration ......................................................................................................................
100.0 2.5 0.7 13.0 6.7 3.2 6.4 5.0 1.6 1.4 18.2 23.5 10.1 5.0 2.8
100.0 2.3 0.6 14.0 6.0 2.9 6.7 4.7 1.3 2.6 20.7 21.8 8.9 5.3 2.3
100.0 1.7 0.4 12.3 6.4 2.2 6.4 3.7 2.1 3.1 18.2 27.1 7.4 4.9 4.0
100.0 1.3 0.4 7.2 11.9 3.2 12.4 5.3 2.3 7.7 9.7 20.8 8.1 4.7 4.9
Note: Noncontingent workers are those who do not fall into any estimate of "contingent" workers. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding.
162
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-71. Employed Workers with Alternative and Traditional Work Arrangements by Selected Characteristics, February 2005 (Numbers in thousands.) Workers with alternative arrangements Characteristic
Total employed
Independent contractors
On-call workers
Temporary help agency workers
Workers provided by contract firms
Workers with traditional arrangements
Age and Sex Total, 16 years and over ............................................. 16 to 19 years ............................................................. 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 25 to 34 years ............................................................. 35 to 44 years ............................................................. 45 to 54 years ............................................................. 55 to 64 years ............................................................. 65 years and over .......................................................
138 952 5 510 13 114 30 103 34 481 32 947 17 980 4 817
10 342 89 356 1 520 2 754 2 799 1 943 881
2 454 133 355 535 571 417 267 175
1 217 33 202 362 253 200 135 33
813 7 87 205 196 186 114 18
123 843 5 194 12 055 27 427 30 646 29 324 15 496 3 701
Men, 16 years and over .............................................. 16 to 19 years ............................................................. 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 25 to 34 years ............................................................. 35 to 44 years ............................................................. 45 to 54 years ............................................................. 55 to 64 years ............................................................. 65 years and over .......................................................
73 946 2 579 6 928 16 624 18 523 17 193 9 485 2 615
6 696 32 194 1 006 1 824 1 764 1 287 589
1 241 82 200 299 252 209 108 91
574 24 107 185 120 71 52 16
561 7 61 138 140 143 70 3
64 673 2 389 6 331 14 950 16 130 15 003 7 954 1 917
Women, 16 years and over ......................................... 16 to 19 years ............................................................. 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 25 to 34 years ............................................................. 35 to 44 years ............................................................. 45 to 54 years ............................................................. 55 to 64 years ............................................................. 65 years and over .......................................................
65 006 2 931 6 186 13 480 15 958 15 754 8 495 2 202
3 647 57 162 514 930 1 035 656 292
1 212 52 155 236 319 208 158 84
643 9 95 177 133 129 83 17
252 0 27 67 57 43 44 15
59 170 2 805 5 724 12 477 14 516 14 322 7 542 1 785
Race and Hispanic or Latino Ethnicity White ........................................................................... Black ........................................................................... Asian ........................................................................... Hispanic or Latino ethnicity .........................................
115 043 14 688 6 083 18 062
9 169 583 370 951
2 097 212 64 385
840 276 63 255
637 121 43 133
102 052 13 471 5 538 16 202
Full- or Part-time Status Full-time workers ......................................................... Part-time workers ........................................................
113 798 25 154
7 732 2 611
1 370 1 084
979 238
695 119
102 889 20 954
Note: Workers with traditional arrangements are those who do not fall into any of the "alternative arrangements" categories. Detail may not add to totals because the total employed includes day laborers (an alternative arrangement, not shown separately) and a small number of workers who were both "on call" and "provided by contract firms." Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. In addition, persons whose ethnicity is Hispanic or Latino may be of any race and, therefore, are classified by ethnicity as well as by race. Detail for other characteristics may not sum to totals due to rounding.
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
163
Table 1-72. Employed Contingent and Noncontingent Workers and Those with Alternative and Traditional Work Arrangements by Health Insurance Coverage and Eligibility for Employer Provided Pension Plans, February 2005 (Numbers in thousands, percent.) Percent with health insurance coverage Characteristic
Percent eligible for employer-provided pension plan 1
Total employed Provided by employer 2
Total
Included in employer provided pension plan
Total
Contingent Workers Estimate 1 .................................................................................................... Estimate 2 .................................................................................................... Estimate 3 ....................................................................................................
2 504 3 177 5 705
51.8 52.5 59.1
9.4 7.9 18.1
9.2 8.3 18.6
4.6 4.1 12.4
Noncontingent Workers ............................................................................
133 247
79.4
52.1
49.6
44.7
With Alternative Arrangements Independent contractors .............................................................................. On-call workers ............................................................................................ Temporary help agency workers .................................................................. Workers provided by contract firms ..............................................................
10 342 2 454 1 217 813
69.3 66.9 39.7 80.2
X 25.7 8.3 48.9
2.6 33.2 8.9 42.6
1.9 27.8 3.8 33.5
With Traditional Arrangements .................................................................
123 843
80.0
56.0
52.9
47.7
Note: Noncontingent workers are those who do not fall into any estimate of "contingent" workers. Workers with traditional arrangements are those who do not fall into any of the "alternative arrangements" categories. 1Excludes 2Excludes
the self-employed (incorporated and unincorporated); includes independent contractors who were self-employed. the self-employed (incorporated and unincorporated) and independent contractors. X = Not applicable.
164
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-73. Median Usual Weekly Earnings of Full and Part-Time Contingent Wage and Salary Workers and Those with Alternative Work Arrangements by Sex, Race, and Hispanic or Latino Ethnicity, February 2005 (Dollars.) Contingent workers
Workers with alternative arrangements
Characteristic Estimate 1
Full-Time Workers Total, 16 years and over ........................................................................... Men .......................................................................................................... Women ..................................................................................................... White ........................................................................................................ Black ......................................................................................................... Asian ........................................................................................................ Hispanic or Latino ethnicity ...................................................................... Part-Time Workers Total, 16 years and over ........................................................................... Men .......................................................................................................... Women ..................................................................................................... White ........................................................................................................ Black ......................................................................................................... Asian ........................................................................................................ Hispanic or Latino ethnicity ......................................................................
405 427 376 413 344
Estimate 2
411 440 383 421 375
(1)
(1)
335
331
152 165 142 154 133
152 169 138 154 133
(1)
(1)
152
153
Estimate 3
Independent contractors
On-call workers
Temporary help agency workers
414 405 424 418 375
Workere provided by contract firms
488 505 423 498 387 619 370
716 794 462 731 474 889 603
519 586 394 561 303
756 860 595 772
(1)
(1)
(1) (1)
417
311
513
161 183 149 163 145 190 175
253 330 216 252 196
173 206 159 177
224 253 202 247
204
(1)
(1) (1)
207
249
(1) (1) (1)
(1) (1) (1) (1)
0 (1)
Note: Earnings data for contingent workers exclude the incorporated self-employed and independent contractors. Data for independent contractors include the incorporated and unincorporated self-employed. These groups, however, are excluded from the data for workers with other arrangements. Full- or part-time status is determined by hours usually worked at the sole or primary job. 1Data
not shown where base is less than 100,000.
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
165
NOTES AND DEFINITIONS FLEXIBLE WORKERS Collection and Coverage These data and other information on work schedules were obtained from a supplement to the May 2004 Current Population Survey (CPS). This was the first time since 2001 that the supplemental survey was conducted. Respondents to the May 2004 supplement answered questions about flexible and shift schedules, the reasons for working particular shifts, the beginning and ending hours
of work, formal flextime programs, home-based work, and other related topics. The data cover the incidence and nature of flexible and shift schedules and pertain to wage and salary workers who usually worked 35 hours or more per week at their principal job. The data exclude all selfemployed persons, regardless of whether or not their businesses were incorporated. Sources of Additional Information For further information, see USDL news release 05-1198.
166
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-74. Flexible Schedules: Full-Time Wage and Salary Workers by Selected Characteristics, May 2004 (Thousands of people, percent.) With flexible schedules Characteristic
Total 1 Number
Percent of total
With flexible schedules Total 1 Number
Percent of total
With flexible schedules Total 1 Number
Percent of total
Age Total 16 years and over ....................................................... 16 to 19 years .................................................................. 20 years and over ................................................................ 20 to 24 years .................................................................. 25 to 34 years .................................................................. 35 to 44 years .................................................................. 45 to 54 years .................................................................. 55 to 64 years .................................................................. 65 years and over ............................................................
99 778 1 427 98 351 9 004 24 640 26 766 24 855 11 745 1 341
27 411 336 27 075 2 058 6 902 7 807 6 651 3 181 475
27.5 23.6 27.5 22.9 28.0 29.2 26.8 27.1 35.4
56 412 903 55 509 5 147 14 358 15 424 13 440 6 383 757
15 853 185 15 668 1 065 4 051 4 605 3 769 1 865 314
28.1 20.5 28.2 20.7 28.2 29.9 28.0 29.2 41.4
43 366 524 42 842 3 856 10 283 11 342 11 415 5 361 585
11 558 151 11 406 993 2 851 3 202 2 882 1 316 161
26.7 28.9 26.6 25.8 27.7 28.2 25.2 24.5 27.6
Race and Hispanic or Latino Ethnicity White ................................................................................... Black .................................................................................... Asian .................................................................................... Hispanic or Latino ethnicity ..................................................
80 498 12 578 4 136 14 110
23 121 2 476 1 132 2 596
28.7 19.7 27.4 18.4
46 222 6 447 2 300 8 621
13 582 1 193 720 1 430
29.4 18.5 31.3 16.6
34 276 6 131 1 836 5 489
9 539 1 283 412 1 166
27.8 20.9 22.4 21.2
Marital Status Married, spouse present ...................................................... Not married .......................................................................... Never married .................................................................. Other marital status .........................................................
57 630 42 148 25 144 17 004
16 270 11 141 6 693 4 448
28.2 26.4 26.6 26.2
34 926 21 486 14 469 7 018
10 382 5 471 3 605 1 866
29.7 25.5 24.9 26.6
22 704 20 662 10 676 9 986
5 888 5 670 3 088 2 582
25.9 27.4 28.9 25.9
Presence and Age of Children Without own children under 18 years .................................. With own children under 18 years ....................................... With youngest child 6 to 17 years .................................... With youngest child under 6 years ..................................
61 761 38 018 21 739 16 279
16 759 10 652 5 960 4 692
27.1 28.0 27.4 28.8
34 680 21 733 11 477 10 256
9 410 6 443 3 341 3 102
27.1 29.6 29.1 30.2
27 081 16 285 10 262 6 023
7 349 4 209 2 619 1 590
27.1 25.8 25.5 26.4
Note: Data relate to the sole or principal job of full-time wage and salary workers and exclude all self-employed persons, regardless of whether or not their businesses were incorporated. Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented. Hispanics are included in both the White and Black population groups. Own children include sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children. Not included are nieces, nephews, grandchildren, and other related and unrelated children. 1Includes
persons who did not provide information on flexible schedules.
167
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-75. Flexible Schedules: Full-Time Wage and Salary Workers by Sex, Occupation, and Industry, May 2004 (Thousands of people, percent.) Both sexes
Men
With flexible schedules
Occupation and industry Total 1
Number
Percent of total
Women
With flexible schedules Total 1 Number
Percent of total
With flexible schedules Total 1 Number
Percent of total
Occupation Total, 16 years and over ....................................................................... Management, professional, and related occupations ....................... Management, business, and financial operations occupations .... Management occupations ......................................................... Business and financial operations occupations ........................ Professional and related occupations ........................................... Computer and mathematical occupations ................................ Architecture and engineering occupations ................................ Life, physical, and social science occupations ......................... Community and social services occupations ............................ Legal occupations ..................................................................... Education, training, and library occupations ............................. Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations .... Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations ................... Service occupations .......................................................................... Healthcare support occupations ................................................... Protective service occupations ..................................................... Food preparation and serving related occupations ....................... Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations ..... Personal care and service occupations ........................................ Sales and office occupations ............................................................ Sales and related occupations ...................................................... Office and administrative support occupations ............................. Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations ...... Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ................................... Construction and extraction occupations ...................................... Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ........................ Production, transportation, and material moving occupations .......... Production occupations ................................................................ Transportation and material moving occupations .........................
99 778 36 200 14 496 10 036 4 461 21 704 2 683 2 478 1 016 1 866 1 118 6 414 1 502 4 626 13 423 1 908 2 224 3 881 3 481 1 929 24 359 9 634 14 724 10 848 744 5 825 4 280 14 948 8 281 6 666
27 411 13 325 6 483 4 598 1 885 6 842 1 405 1 080 483 860 497 843 613 1 060 2 849 315 419 972 531 612 7 196 3 669 3 527 1 908 172 942 795 2 133 1 030 1 102
27.5 36.8 44.7 45.8 42.3 31.5 52.4 43.6 47.5 46.1 44.5 13.1 40.8 22.9 21.2 16.5 18.8 25.0 15.2 31.7 29.5 38.1 24.0 17.6 23.1 16.2 18.6 14.3 12.4 16.5
56 412 17 911 7 969 6 000 1 969 9 942 2 023 2 147 640 786 536 1 779 915 1 115 6 858 199 1 807 2 086 2 260 505 9 561 5 683 3 878 10 403 591 5 750 4 061 11 679 5 928 5 751
15 853 7 832 3 741 2 862 879 4 091 1 085 917 285 430 312 374 396 291 1 339 37 312 524 318 148 3 069 2 305 764 1 820 132 925 762 1 793 806 986
28.1 43.7 46.9 47.7 44.7 41.1 53.6 42.7 44.6 54.7 58.2 21.0 43.3 26.1 19.5 18.7 17.2 25.1 14.1 29.2 32.1 40.6 19.7 17.5 22.4 16.1 18.8 15.3 13.6 17.1
43 366 18 289 6 527 4 035 2 492 11 762 660 330 376 1 080 582 4 635 587 3 511 6 566 1 708 417 1 795 1 221 1 424 14 798 3 952 10 847 445 152 74 218 3 268 2 353 915
11 558 5 492 2 742 1 736 1 006 2 751 320 163 198 430 185 469 217 769 1 510 278 107 448 213 465 4 127 1 364 2 763 88 39 17 32 340 224 116
26.7 30.0 42.0 43.0 40.4 23.4 48.5 49.3 52.6 39.8 31.8 10.1 37.0 21.9 23.0 16.3 25.7 25.0 17.4 32.6 27.9 34.5 25.5 19.8 25.7
Industry Private sector ........................................................................................ Agriculture and related industries ..................................................... Nonagricultural industries ................................................................. Mining ........................................................................................... Construction .................................................................................. Manufacturing ............................................................................... Durable goods .......................................................................... Nondurable goods .................................................................... Wholesale and retail trade ............................................................ Wholesale trade ........................................................................ Retail trade ............................................................................... Transportation and utilities ............................................................ Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Utilities ...................................................................................... Information 3 .................................................................................. Publishing, except Internet ....................................................... Motion picture and sound recording industries ......................... Broadcasting, except Internet ................................................... Telecommunications .................................................................
82 870 888 81 982 446 6 617 15 125 9 249 5 875 14 008 3 771 10 237 4 226 3 482 744 2 716 648 211 512 1 180
23 978 233 23 745 102 1 341 3 631 2 351 1 280 4 100 1 209 2 891 1 086 912 173 948 274 74 116 419
28.9 26.3 29.0 22.9 20.3 24.0 25.4 21.8 29.3 32.1 28.2 25.7 26.2 23.3 34.9 42.3 35.3 22.7 35.5
48 724 702 48 023 416 6 059 10 659 6 881 3 777 8 717 2 698 6 019 3 454 2 858 596 1 674 364 162 319 732
14 119 180 13 939 84 1 153 2 638 1 794 844 2 544 910 1 634 906 767 139 600 165 62 79 254
29.0 25.6 29.0 20.2 19.0 24.7 26.1 22.3 29.2 33.7 27.1 26.2 26.8 23.4 35.8 45.4 38.5 24.7 34.7
34 145 186 33 959 30 558 4 466 2 368 2 098 5 291 1 072 4 219 771 624 147 1 041 284 49 193 448
9 859 53 9 806 18 188 993 558 436 1 557 300 1 257 179 145 34 348 109 12 37 164
28.9 28.7 28.9
1Includes persons who did not provide information on 2Percent not shown where base is less than 75,000. 3Includes other industries not shown separately.
flexible schedules.
(2)
14.7 10.4 9.5 12.7
(2)
33.7 22.2 23.6 20.8 29.4 27.9 29.8 23.2 23.3 23.0 33.4 38.4 (2)
19.4 36.7
168
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-75. Flexible Schedules: Full-Time Wage and Salary Workers by Sex, Occupation, and Industry, May 2004—Continued (Thousands of people, percent.) Both sexes With flexible schedules
Occupation and industry Total 1
Number
Financial activities ......................................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................................. Finance ................................................................................. Insurance .............................................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and business services .............................................. Professional and technical services .......................................... Management, administrative, and waste services .................... Education and health services ...................................................... Educational services ................................................................. Health care and social assistance ............................................ Leisure and hospitality .................................................................. Arts, entertainment, and recreation .......................................... Accommodation and food services ........................................... Accommodation .................................................................... Food services and drinking places ....................................... Other services ............................................................................... Other services, except private households ............................... Other services, private households .......................................... Public sector ......................................................................................... Federal government .......................................................................... State government ............................................................................. Local government .............................................................................
Men
7 341 5 537 3 633 1 904 1 805 8 997 5 476 3 521 12 485 2 260 10 226 6 111 1 134 4 977 1 123 3 854 3 911 3 584 327 16 909 2 786 4 724 9 399
2 767 2 056 1 218 838 711 3 381 2 570 811 3 202 541 2 661 1 686 312 1 374 252 1 122 1 502 1 370 132 3 433 803 1 340 1 289
Percent of total 37.7 37.1 33.5 44.0 39.4 37.6 46.9 23.0 25.6 23.9 26.0 27.6 27.5 27.6 22.4 29.1 38.4 38.2 40.4 20.3 28.8 28.4 13.7
Women
With flexible schedules Total 1 Number
3 117 2 100 1 443 657 1 017 5 342 3 113 2 229 2 969 812 2 157 3 458 630 2 828 546 2 282 2 158 2 140 18 7 688 1 617 2 089 3 982
1 323 943 584 359 380 2 072 1 596 477 862 246 616 956 165 791 147 644 801 792 9 1 734 453 640 641
Percent of total 42.4 44.9 40.5 54.6 37.3 38.8 51.3 21.4 29.0 30.3 28.6 27.6 26.2 28.0 26.9 28.2 37.1 37.0 (2)
22.6 28.0 30.7 16.1
With flexible schedules Total 1 Number
4 224 3 437 2 190 1 247 787 3 655 2 364 1 292 9 517 1 448 8 069 2 653 504 2 149 577 1 572 1 753 1 444 309 9 221 1 169 2 635 5 417
Percent of total
1 444 1 113 633 480 332 1 309 974 335 2 339 295 2 045 730 147 583 105 478 701 577 123 1 699 351 700 648
Note: Data relate to the sole or principal job of full-time wage and salary workers and exclude all self-employed persons, regardless of whether or not their businesses were incorporated. 1Includes persons who did 2Percent not shown where
not provide information on flexible schedules. base is less than 75,000.
34.2 32.4 28.9 38.5 42.1 35.8 41.2 25.9 24.6 20.4 25.3 27.5 29.2 27.1 18.2 30.4 40.0 40.0 39.9 18.4 30.0 26.6 12.0
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
169
Table 1-76. Flexible Schedules: Full-Time Wage and Salary Workers by Formal Flextime Program Status, Occupation, and Industry, May 2004 (Thousands of people, percent.) With a formal flextime program With flexible schedules
Total 1
Occupation and industry
Percent of total employed
Number
Percent of workers with flexible schedules
Occupation Total, 16 years and over ................................................................................ Management, professional, and related occupations ................................ Management, business, and financial operations occupations ............. Management occupations ................................................................. Business and financial operations occupations ................................. Professional and related occupations ................................................... Computer and mathematical occupations ......................................... Architecture and engineering occupations ........................................ Life, physical, and social science occupations .................................. Community and social services occupations ..................................... Legal occupations ............................................................................. Education, training, and library occupations ...................................... Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations ............. Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations ............................ Service occupations .................................................................................. Healthcare support occupations ............................................................ Protective service occupations .............................................................. Food preparation and serving related occupations ............................... Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations ............. Personal care and service occupations ................................................. Sales and office occupations ..................................................................... Sales and related occupations .............................................................. Office and administrative support occupations ...................................... Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations ............... Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ............................................ Construction and extraction occupations .............................................. Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ................................ Production, transportation, and material moving occupations ................... Production occupations ......................................................................... Transportation and material moving occupations ..................................
99 778 36 200 14 496 10 036 4 461 21 704 2 683 2 478 1 016 1 866 1 118 6 414 1 502 4 626 13 423 1 908 2 224 3 881 3 481 1 929 24 359 9 634 14 724 10 848 744 5 825 4 280 14 948 8 281 6 666
27 411 13 325 6 483 4 598 1 885 6 842 1 405 1 080 483 860 497 843 613 1 060 2 849 315 419 972 531 612 7 196 3 669 3 527 1 908 172 942 795 2 133 1 030 1 102
10 642 5 137 2 293 1 436 857 2 844 729 509 203 325 140 278 272 389 1 188 139 192 423 178 256 2 734 1 175 1 559 697 47 416 234 885 490 395
10.7 14.2 15.8 14.3 19.2 13.1 27.1 20.5 19.9 17.4 12.6 4.3 18.1 8.4 8.9 7.3 8.6 10.9 5.1 13.3 11.2 12.2 10.6 6.4 6.3 7.1 5.5 5.9 5.9 5.9
38.8 38.6 35.4 31.2 45.5 41.6 51.8 47.1 42.0 37.8 28.2 33.0 44.4 36.6 41.7 44.3 45.8 43.5 33.5 41.8 38.0 32.0 44.2 36.5 27.1 44.2 29.5 41.5 47.6 35.8
Industry Private sector ................................................................................................ Agriculture and related industries .............................................................. Nonagricultural industries .......................................................................... Mining .................................................................................................... Construction .......................................................................................... Manufacturing ........................................................................................ Durable goods ................................................................................... Nondurable goods ............................................................................. Wholesale and retail trade ..................................................................... Wholesale trade ................................................................................ Retail trade ........................................................................................ Transportation and utilities .................................................................... Transportation and warehousing ....................................................... Utilities ............................................................................................... Information 2 .......................................................................................... Publishing, except Internet ................................................................ Motion picture and sound recording industries .................................. Broadcasting, except Internet ............................................................ Telecommunications .........................................................................
82 870 888 81 982 446 6 617 15 125 9 249 5 875 14 008 3 771 10 237 4 226 3 482 744 2 716 648 211 512 1 180
23 978 233 23 745 102 1 341 3 631 2 351 1 280 4 100 1 209 2 891 1 086 912 173 948 274 74 116 419
8 816 53 8 762 47 493 1 618 1 061 557 1 302 300 1 002 432 335 97 371 102 33 43 170
10.6 6.0 10.7 10.5 7.5 10.7 11.5 9.5 9.3 8.0 9.8 10.2 9.6 13.0 13.7 15.8 15.9 8.4 14.4
36.8 22.9 36.9 46.1 36.8 44.6 45.1 43.5 31.8 24.8 34.6 39.8 36.7 55.9 39.2 37.3
1Includes persons who did not provide information on 2Includes other industries not shown separately. 3Percent not shown where base is less than 75,000.
flexible schedules.
(3)
37.2 40.5
170
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-76. Flexible Schedules: Full-Time Wage and Salary Workers by Formal Flextime Program Status, Occupation, and Industry, May 2004—Continued (Thousands of people, percent.) With a formal flextime program Occupation and industry
Financial activities ................................................................................. Finance and insurance ...................................................................... Finance .......................................................................................... Insurance ....................................................................................... Real estate and rental and leasing .................................................... Professional and business services ...................................................... Professional and technical services .................................................. Management, administrative, and waste services ............................. Education and health services .............................................................. Educational services ......................................................................... Health care and social assistance ..................................................... Leisure and hospitality ........................................................................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation ................................................... Accommodation and food services ................................................... Accommodation ............................................................................. Food services and drinking places ................................................ Other services ....................................................................................... Other services, except private households ....................................... Other services, private households ................................................... Public sector .................................................................................................. Federal government .................................................................................. State government ...................................................................................... Local government ......................................................................................
With flexible schedules
Total 1
7 341 5 537 3 633 1 904 1 805 8 997 5 476 3 521 12 485 2 260 10 226 6 111 1 134 4 977 1 123 3 854 3 911 3 584 327 16 909 2 786 4 724 9 399
2 767 2 056 1 218 838 711 3 381 2 570 811 3 202 541 2 661 1 686 312 1 374 252 1 122 1 502 1 370 132 3 433 803 1 340 1 289
Percent of total employed
Number
1 066 868 425 443 198 1 294 991 303 1 118 156 962 598 84 513 105 408 422 404 18 1 826 561 665 600
Percent of workers with flexible schedules
14.5 15.7 11.7 23.3 11.0 14.4 18.1 8.6 9.0 6.9 9.4 9.8 7.4 10.3 9.3 10.6 10.8 11.3 5.5 10.8 20.1 14.1 6.4
Note: Data relate to the sole or principal job of full-time wage and salary workers and exclude all self-employed persons, regardless of whether or not their businesses were incorporated. 1Includes
persons who did not provide information on flexible schedules.
38.5 42.2 34.9 52.9 27.9 38.3 38.6 37.3 34.9 28.8 36.2 35.4 27.1 37.4 41.5 36.4 28.1 29.5 13.6 53.2 69.9 49.6 46.5
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
171
Table 1-77. Shift Usually Worked: Full-Time Wage and Salary Workers by Selected Characteristics, May 2004 (Thousands of people, percent.) Shift Workers Occupation and industry
Total 1
Regular daytime schedule
Total
Evening shift
Night shift
Rotating shift
Split shift
Employerarranged irregular schedule
Other shift
Age and Sex Total, 16 years and over ...................................................... 16 to 19 years .................................................................. 20 years and over ................................................................ 20 to 24 years .................................................................. 25 to 34 years .................................................................. 35 to 44 years .................................................................. 45 to 54 years .................................................................. 55 to 64 years .................................................................. 65 years and over ............................................................
99 778 1 427 98 351 9 004 24 640 26 766 24 855 11 745 1 341
84.6 64.9 84.9 76.8 84.1 85.4 86.8 87.1 88.8
14.8 34.6 14.6 22.3 15.2 14.1 12.8 12.5 10.3
4.7 14.5 4.6 8.8 5.0 4.1 3.6 3.8 3.5
3.2 4.4 3.2 3.7 3.4 3.2 3.2 2.6 1.8
2.5 6.1 2.5 3.3 2.7 2.5 2.3 2.0 1.4
0.5 1.0 0.5 0.9 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5
3.1 8.3 3.0 4.6 2.8 3.1 2.5 3.0 2.9
0.7 0.2 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.2
Men ...................................................................................... Women ................................................................................
56 412 43 366
82.7 87.0
16.7 12.4
5.2 4.1
3.6 2.8
2.8 2.2
0.5 0.5
3.6 2.4
0.9 0.4
Race and Hispanic or Latino Etnicity White ................................................................................... Black .................................................................................... Asian .................................................................................... Hispanic or Latino ethnicity ..................................................
80 498 12 578 4 136 14 110
85.8 78.0 83.6 83.1
13.7 20.8 15.7 16.0
4.1 7.9 5.4 5.8
3.0 4.5 4.1 3.9
2.3 4.1 1.6 2.1
0.5 0.4 1.2 0.6
3.1 3.0 2.6 2.6
0.7 0.7 0.8 0.9
Marital Status and Presence and Age of Children Men Married, spouse present ...................................................... Not married .......................................................................... Never married .................................................................. Other marital status ......................................................... Without own children under 18 years .................................. With own children under 18 years ....................................... With youngest child 6 to 17 years .................................... With youngest child under 6 years ..................................
34 926 21 486 14 469 7 018 34 680 21 733 11 477 10 256
84.8 79.5 78.6 81.4 81.8 84.3 85.1 83.5
14.9 19.7 20.6 17.8 17.6 15.3 14.6 16.1
3.9 7.4 8.1 5.9 6.0 4.0 3.9 4.2
3.3 3.9 3.8 4.2 3.6 3.6 3.2 3.9
2.9 2.6 2.6 2.8 2.7 3.0 3.1 2.9
0.5 0.7 0.8 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.2 0.8
3.4 4.0 4.2 3.6 3.8 3.2 3.4 3.0
0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.8 1.2
Women Married, spouse present ...................................................... Not married .......................................................................... Never married .................................................................. Other marital status ......................................................... Without own children under 18 years .................................. With own children under 18 years ....................................... With youngest child 6 to 17 years .................................... With youngest child under 6 years ..................................
22 704 20 662 10 676 9 986 27 081 16 285 10 262 6 023
90.4 83.2 81.2 85.5 86.4 87.9 89.1 86.0
9.2 16.0 17.9 13.9 13.0 11.5 10.5 13.2
2.8 5.6 6.3 4.8 4.1 4.3 3.4 5.8
2.4 3.2 3.0 3.5 2.7 2.9 3.0 2.7
1.4 3.0 3.6 2.3 2.5 1.7 1.6 1.8
0.3 0.6 0.8 0.4 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.4
1.9 2.9 3.6 2.1 2.7 1.9 1.8 2.1
0.3 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4
Note: Data relate to the sole or principal job of full-time wage and salary workers and exclude all self-employed persons, regardless of whether or not their businesses were incorporated. Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the White and Black population groups. Own children include sons, daughters, stepchildren, and adopted children. Not included are nieces, nephews, grandchildren, and other related and unrelated children. 1Includes
persons who did not provide information on shift usually worked.
172
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 1-78. Shift Usually Worked: Full-Time Wage and Salary Workers by Occupation and Industry, May 2004 (Thousands of people, percent.) Shift workers Occupation and industry
Occupation Total, 16 years and over ...................................................... Management, professional, and related occupations ...... Management, business, and financial operations occupations ................................................................. Management occupations ....................................... Business and financial operations occupations ....... Professional and related occupations .......................... Computer and mathematical occupations ............... Architecture and engineering occupations .............. Life, physical, and social science occupations ........ Community and social services occupations ........... Legal occupations .................................................... Education, training, and library occupations ............ Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations ............................................................. Healthcare practitioner and technical occupations .. Service occupations ........................................................ Healthcare support occupations .................................. Protective service occupations .................................... Food preparation and serving related occupations ..... Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations ................................................................. Personal care and service occupations ....................... Sales and office occupations ........................................... Sales and related occupations .................................... Office and administrative support occupations ............ Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations ..................................................................... Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations .................. Construction and extraction occupations ..................... Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ...... Production, transportation, and material moving occupations ..................................................................... Production occupations ............................................... Transportation and material moving occupations ........
Industry Private sector ....................................................................... Agriculture and related industries .................................... Nonagricultural industries ................................................ Mining .......................................................................... Construction ................................................................ Manufacturing .............................................................. Durable goods ......................................................... Nondurable goods ................................................... Wholesale and retail trade ........................................... Wholesale trade ....................................................... Retail trade .............................................................. Transportation and utilities .......................................... Transportation and warehousing ............................. Utilities ..................................................................... 1Includes
Total 1
Regular daytime schedule
Total
Evening shift
Night shift
Rotating shift
Split shift
Employerarranged irregular schedule
Other shift
99 778 36 200
84.6 91.9
14.8 7.6
4.7 1.7
3.2 1.6
2.5 1.3
0.5 0.3
3.1 2.2
0.7 0.5
14 496 10 036 4 461 21 704 2 683 2 478 1 016 1 866 1 118 6 414
94.6 93.6 96.8 90.1 95.2 95.7 93.9 87.0 97.4 97.3
5.0 6.1 2.7 9.4 4.1 3.9 5.8 12.7 1.8 2.3
1.1 1.4 0.5 2.1 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.9 0.0 0.6
0.5 0.5 0.6 2.4 1.3 1.2 1.4 1.3 0.0 0.1
0.9 1.1 0.4 1.6 0.8 0.7 2.0 2.2 0.0 0.2
0.2 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.4
2.0 2.4 0.9 2.3 0.4 0.7 1.2 4.9 1.4 0.9
0.3 0.4 0.2 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.1 2.0 0.2 0.2
1 502 4 626 13 423 1 908 2 224 3 881
84.7 74.5 66.5 70.4 48.3 58.7
14.7 24.6 32.6 28.0 50.6 40.4
3.1 5.8 12.5 12.5 14.4 17.6
1.6 8.3 6.2 7.1 12.9 3.4
2.2 4.4 5.2 3.8 11.9 5.8
0.4 0.5 1.4 0.7 0.6 3.3
6.0 4.4 5.5 3.1 6.2 8.9
1.2 1.1 1.7 0.7 4.3 1.1
3 481 1 929 24 359 9 634 14 724
82.1 70.9 87.3 83.8 89.6
17.5 28.1 12.0 15.2 9.9
8.3 7.3 3.5 3.5 3.6
5.4 4.6 2.6 1.9 3.0
1.5 4.5 2.3 3.8 1.4
0.5 1.0 0.3 0.6 0.2
1.1 8.1 2.8 5.0 1.4
0.7 2.7 0.3 0.4 0.3
10 848 744 5 825 4 280
92.0 89.8 95.1 88.2
7.5 9.8 4.4 11.4
2.1 0.6 0.8 4.3
1.9 2.4 0.8 3.4
1.3 1.4 1.2 1.5
0.1 1.0 0.1 0.0
1.5 2.4 1.3 1.7
0.5 2.0 0.3 0.5
14 948 8 281 6 666
73.3 75.0 71.2
26.2 24.4 28.5
9.1 10.1 7.8
6.5 7.1 5.7
4.2 4.7 3.7
0.8 0.3 1.4
4.6 1.4 8.4
1.1 0.8 1.5
82 870 888 81 982 446 6 617 15 125 9 249 5 875 14 008 3 771 10 237 4 226 3 482 744
84.0 90.1 83.9 68.0 96.6 81.5 85.3 75.6 82.9 91.5 79.8 71.4 67.5 89.5
15.4 9.9 15.5 31.9 2.9 18.1 14.4 23.8 16.3 8.0 19.4 27.9 31.8 9.5
5.0 1.4 5.1 3.6 0.5 7.2 6.7 8.1 4.4 2.7 5.0 5.0 5.6 1.9
3.3 2.3 3.3 4.9 0.5 5.2 4.2 6.8 3.2 1.8 3.7 4.8 5.6 0.8
2.6 1.1 2.6 15.1 0.3 3.3 1.9 5.4 3.6 0.7 4.6 4.0 3.9 4.4
0.5 1.0 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.1 0.5 1.7 1.9 0.9
3.3 3.2 3.3 6.1 1.3 1.2 0.7 1.9 4.1 2.3 4.8 11.0 13.1 1.1
0.7 1.0 0.7 2.1 0.2 0.8 0.7 1.1 0.5 0.2 0.6 1.3 1.4 0.5
persons who did not provide information on shift usually worked.
173
POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Table 1-78. Shift Usually Worked: Full-Time Wage and Salary Workers by Occupation and Industry, May 2004—Continued (Thousands of people, percent.) Shift workers Occupation and industry
Information 2 ................................................................ Publishing, except Internet ...................................... Motion picture and sound recording industries ........ Broadcasting, except Internet .................................. Telecommunications ................................................ Financial activities ....................................................... Finance and insurance ............................................ Finance ................................................................ Insurance ............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing .......................... Professional and business services ............................ Professional and technical services ........................ Management, administrative, and waste services ... Education and health services ..................................... Educational services ................................................ Health care and social assistance ........................... Leisure and hospitality ................................................. Arts, entertainment, and recreation ......................... Accommodation and food services .......................... Accommodation ................................................... Food services and drinking places ...................... Other services ............................................................. Other services, except private households .............. Other services, private households ......................... Public sector ........................................................................ Federal government ........................................................ State government ............................................................ Local government ............................................................
Total 1
2 716 648 211 512 1 180 7 341 5 537 3 633 1 904 1 805 8 997 5 476 3 521 12 485 2 260 10 226 6 111 1 134 4 977 1 123 3 854 3 911 3 584 327 16 909 2 786 4 724 9 399
Regular daytime schedule
87.3 87.6 85.0 84.4 88.8 94.0 96.7 96.8 96.5 85.6 92.0 96.5 84.9 83.2 93.9 80.9 60.8 67.7 59.3 70.2 56.1 88.9 89.3 85.0 87.6 84.8 87.9 88.3
Total
11.7 10.3 15.0 15.0 10.5 5.4 2.8 2.6 3.1 13.4 7.8 3.2 15.0 16.0 5.6 18.3 38.3 31.9 39.8 29.4 42.8 10.6 10.3 14.1 11.9 14.7 11.5 11.3
Evening shift
4.2 2.3 5.5 6.4 3.6 2.0 1.2 1.2 1.2 4.3 2.7 0.6 6.1 5.5 3.0 6.0 15.2 10.2 16.4 11.1 17.9 1.5 1.4 3.3 3.4 4.4 3.8 2.9
Night shift
2.4 3.6 2.2 0.1 2.7 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.3 1.4 2.4 0.5 5.3 4.5 0.4 5.4 4.8 7.9 4.1 6.6 3.3 1.0 1.0 0.6 2.9 4.9 3.3 2.0
Rotating shift
1.7 0.8 1.8 2.9 1.9 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 1.0 0.7 0.4 1.1 2.4 0.3 2.9 5.2 1.6 6.0 4.2 6.6 1.9 1.9 2.7 2.4 1.2 1.9 3.0
Split shift
0.1 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.5 0.5 2.4 0.7 2.9 0.7 3.5 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.4
Employerarranged irregular schedule
Other shift
2.6 2.0 5.5 3.3 2.3 1.8 0.5 0.3 0.8 5.9 1.4 1.3 1.5 2.3 1.3 2.6 9.4 9.2 9.5 5.9 10.5 4.8 4.9 4.0 1.9 3.1 1.4 1.8
Note: Data relate to the sole or principal job of full-time wage and salary workers and exclude all self-employed persons, regardless of whether or not their businesses were incorporated. 1Includes 2Includes
persons who did not provide information on shift usually worked. other industries not shown separately.
0.6 1.3 0.0 1.3 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.8 0.7 0.2 0.8 1.2 2.1 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.8 3.0 0.9 0.7 0.7 1.1
PART TWO EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
EMPLOYMENT AND HOURS HIGHLIGHTS The employment, hours, and earnings data by industry and state in this section are derived from the Current Employment Statistics (CES) Survey, which covers 300,000 nonfarm establishments. The employment numbers differ from those presented by the household survey in Part 1 because of the differences in methodology, concepts, definitions, and coverage. As the CES data are obtained from payroll records, they are consistent for industry classifications. The data on hours and earnings are also likely to be more accurate.
Percent Change in Nonfarm Payroll Employment, 1994–2004 6.0
Percent
4.0 2.0 0.0 -2.0 -4.0 -6.0 -8.0 1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Year Total private
Manufacturing
Private service-providing
Total employment continued to climb, rising by more than 1.4 million from 2003 to 2004. The service-providing sector accounted for the majority of new jobs. All major service-providing industries, except utilities and information, showed increases in employment. Manufacturing employment continued to drop off in 2004; however, it did so at a much slower rate than that of previous years. (Table 2-1) OTHER HIGHLIGHTS: • Although total government employment rose in 2004, federal and state employment actually decreased. Local government accounted for the entire increase, rising by 85,000 jobs. (Table 2-1) • Employment in the construction industry expanded faster than employment in any other sector (3.4 percent). Construction accounted for over 6 percent of total private employment in 2004 and its additional 229,000 jobs represented 16 percent of the total increase in private employment. (Table 2-1) • The number of women employed rose only slightly in 2004. Educational and health services, local government, and retail trade continued to be popular fields among females. (Table 2-3) • While employment dropped in manufacturing in 2004, average weekly overtime of production workers increased from 4.2 hours to 4.6 hours—the highest increase in a decade. (Table 2-15) • Nevada was the state with the fastest growing employment rate (5.9 percent) from 2003 to 2004. Arizona and Florida followed with rates of 3.4 percent and 3.3 percent, respectively. Larger states generally experienced smaller increases: employment in Texas went up 1.2 percent, California rose 1.0 percent, and New York saw an increase of only 0.5 percent. (Table 2-29) 177
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HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
NOTES AND DEFINITIONS Collection and Coverage BLS cooperates with state employment security agencies in the Current Employment Statistics (CES), or establishment survey, to collect data each month on employment, hours, and earnings from a sample of nonfarm establishments (including government). The sample includes about 160,000 businesses and government agencies, covering approximately 400,000 individual worksites drawn from a sampling frame of over 8 million unemployment insurance tax accounts. The active CES sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm payroll workers. From these data, a large number of employment, hours, and earnings series with considerable industry and geographic detail are prepared and published each month. The first article describes the differences between the CES and the Current Population Survey (CPS) in great detail. The most frequently used data collection method is touchtone data entry (TDE). Under the TDE system, the respondent uses a touchtone telephone to call a toll-free number and activate an interview session. The next most frequently used data collection mode is computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI). Establishment survey data are adjusted annually to accord with comprehensive counts of employment in March of the preceding year, called “benchmarks.” The adjustments are published with the release of May data each year. The benchmarks are derived mainly from employment reports from all employers subject to unemployment insurance. Each year’s benchmarking results in recalculation of employment data for the current and two previous years. The related series on production and nonsupervisory workers, hours, and earnings are recalculated to be consistent with the employment benchmarks. Concepts and Definitions Industry classification In 2003, the basis for industry classification changed from the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification System (SIC) to the 2002 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). SIC-based data will no longer be produced or published by BLS. It will still be available, but it will no longer be updated. The foundation of industrial classification within NAICS has changed how establishments are classified into industries and how businesses, as they exist today, are recognized. Establishments reporting on Form BLS 790 are classified into industries on the basis of their primary activity. Those that use comparable capital equipment, labor, and raw
material inputs are classified together. This information is collected on a supplement to the quarterly unemployment insurance tax reports filed by employers. For an establishment engaging in more than one activity, the entire employment of the establishment is included under the industry indicated by the principal activity. Industry employment Employment data refer to persons on establishment payrolls who received pay for any part of the pay period that includes the 12th day of the month. The data exclude proprietors, the self-employed, unpaid volunteer or family workers, farm workers, and domestic workers. Salaried officers of corporations are included. Government employment covers only civilian employees; military personnel are excluded. Employees of the Central Intelligence Agency, the National Security Agency, the National Imagery and Mapping Agency, and the Defense Intelligence Agency are also excluded. Persons on establishment payrolls who are on paid sick leave (for cases in which pay is received directly from the firm), paid holiday, paid vacation, or who work during a part of the pay period even though they are unemployed or on strike for the rest of the period are counted as employed. Not counted as employed are persons who are on layoff, on leave without pay, on strike for the entire period, or who were hired but had not yet reported during the period. Beginning with the June 2003 publication of May data, the CES national federal government employment series is estimated from a sample of federal establishments and benchmarked annually to counts from unemployment insurance tax records. It reflects employee counts as of the pay period including the 12th of the month, consistent with other CES industry series. Previously, the national series was an end-of-month count produced by the Office of Personnel Management. The exclusion from the payroll survey of farm employment, self-employment, and domestic service employment accounts in part for the differences in employment figures between the household and payroll surveys. The payroll survey also excludes persons on leave without pay (who are counted as employed in the household survey). Persons who worked in more than one establishment during the reporting period are counted each time their names appear on payrolls, whereas such persons are only counted once in the household survey. Industry hours and earnings. Average hours and earnings data are derived from reports of payrolls and hours for production and related workers in manufacturing and natural resources and mining, construction workers in con-
EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
struction, and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries. Production and related workers. This category includes working supervisors and all nonsupervisory workers (including group leaders and trainees) engaged in fabricating, processing, assembling, inspecting, receiving, storing, handling, packing, warehousing, shipping, trucking, hauling, maintenance, repair, janitorial, guard services, product development, auxiliary production for plant’s own use (such as power plant), record keeping, and other services closely associated with the above production operations. Construction workers. This group includes the following employees in the construction division: working supervisors, qualified craft workers, mechanics, apprentices, helpers, and laborers engaged in new work, alterations, demolition, repair, maintenance, and the like, whether working at the site of construction or at jobs in shops or yards at jobs (such as precutting and pre-assembling) ordinarily performed by members of the construction trades. Nonsupervisory workers. These are employees (not above the working-supervisor level) such as office and clerical workers, repairers, salespersons, operators, drivers, physicians, lawyers, accountants, nurses, social workers, research aides, teachers, drafters, photographers, beauticians, musicians, restaurant workers, custodial workers, attendants, line installers and repairers, laborers, janitors, guards, and other employees at similar occupational levels whose services are closely associated with those of the employees listed. Payroll. This refers to the payroll for full- and part-time production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers who received pay for any part of the pay period that includes the 12th day of the month. The payroll is reported before deductions of any kind, such as those for old age and unemployment insurance, group insurance, withholding tax, bonds, or union dues. Also included is pay for overtime, holidays, and vacation, and for sick leave paid directly by the firm. Bonuses (unless earned and paid regularly each pay period); other pay not earned in the pay period reported (such as retroactive pay); tips; and the value of free rent, fuel, meals, or other payment in kind are excluded. Employee benefits (such as health and other types of insurance, contributions to retirement, and so forth, as paid by the employer) also are excluded. Hours. These are the hours paid for during the pay period that includes the 12th day of the month for production, construction, or nonsupervisory workers. Included are hours paid for holidays, vacations, and sick leave, when pay is received directly from the firm. Overtime hours. These are hours worked by production or related workers for which overtime premiums were paid, because the hours were in excess of the number of hours of either the straight-time workday or the workweek dur-
179
ing the pay period including the 12th of the month. Weekend and holiday hours are included only if overtime premiums were paid. Hours for which only shift differential, hazard, incentive, or other similar types of premiums were paid are excluded. Average weekly hours. The workweek information relates to the average hours for which pay was received and is different from standard or scheduled hours. Such factors as unpaid absenteeism, labor turnover, part-time work, and stoppages cause average weekly hours to be lower than scheduled hours of work for an establishment. Group averages further reflect changes in the workweek of component industries. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls. The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s aggregate by the average of the 12 monthly figures for 1982. For basic industries, the hours aggregates are the product of average weekly hours and production worker or nonsupervisory worker employment. At all higher levels of industry aggregation, hours aggregates are the sum of the component aggregates. The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s aggregate by the average of the 12 monthly figures for 1982. For basic industries, the payroll aggregates are the product of average hourly earnings and aggregate weekly hours. At all higher levels of industry aggregation, payroll aggregates are the sum of the component aggregates. Average overtime hours. Overtime hours represent that portion of average weekly hours that exceeded regular hours and for which overtime premiums were paid. If an employee were to work on a paid holiday at regular rates, receiving as total compensation his or her holiday pay plus straight-time pay for hours worked that day, no overtime hours would be reported. Since overtime hours are premium hours by definition, weekly hours and overtime hours do not necessarily move in the same direction from month to month. Factors such as work stoppages, absenteeism, and labor turnover may not have the same influence on overtime hours as on average hours. Diverse trends at the industry group level may also be caused by a marked change in hours for a component industry in which little or no overtime was worked in both the previous and current months. Average hourly earnings. Average hourly earnings are on a “gross” basis. They reflect not only changes in basic hourly and incentive wage rates, but also such variable factors as premium pay for overtime and late-shift work and changes in output of workers paid on an incentive plan. They also reflect shifts in the number of employees between relatively high-paid and low-paid work and changes in workers’ earnings in individual establishments. Averages for
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HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
groups and divisions further reflect changes in average hourly earnings for individual industries. Averages of hourly earnings differ from wage rates. Earnings are the actual return to the worker for a stated period; rates are the amount stipulated for a given unit of work or time. The earnings series do not measure the level of total labor costs on the part of the employer because the following are excluded: irregular bonuses, retroactive items, payroll taxes paid by employers, and earnings for those employees not covered under production worker, construction worker, or nonsupervisory employee definitions. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime-premium pay, are computed by dividing the total production worker payroll for the industry group by the sum of total production worker hours and one-half of total overtime hours. No adjustments are made for other premium payment provisions, such as holiday pay, late-shift premiums, and overtime rates other than time and one-half. Average weekly earnings. These estimates are derived by multiplying average weekly hours estimates by average hourly earnings estimates. Therefore, weekly earnings are affected not only by changes in average hourly earnings but also by changes in the length of the workweek. Monthly variations in factors such as the proportion of part-time workers, stoppages for varying reasons, labor turnover during the survey period, and absenteeism for which employees are not paid may cause the average workweek to fluctuate. Long-term trends of average weekly earnings can be affected by structural changes in the makeup of the work-
force. For example, persistent long-term increases in the proportion of part-time workers in retail trade and many of the services industries have reduced average workweeks in these industries and have affected the average weekly earnings series. These earnings are in constant dollars and are calculated from the earnings averages for the current month using a deflator derived from the Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earnings and Clerical Workers (CPI-W). The reference year for these series is 1982. Future Plans BLS is planning several changes to the Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey to improve its relevance to the needs of data users, as well as its value as an input to other key economic statistics. The planned improvements to the CES are new data on the hours and regular earnings of all employees, and new data on total earnings—both regular and irregular pay—for all employees. The CES series that BLS will discontinue to accommodate the above improvements are women workers series—discontinued as of August 5, 2005—and production or nonsupervisory worker hours and earnings series. Sources of Additional Information For further information on sampling and estimation methods see Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment and Earnings, June 2003 and subsequent issues of that monthly publication, BLS news releases, and publications on the BLS Web site.
EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
181
Table 2-1. Employees on Nonfarm Payrolls by Super Sector and Selected Component Groups, NAICS Basis, 1994–2004 (Thousands of people.) Industry
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
TOTAL ...........................................................................................
114 291
117 298
119 708
122 776
125 930
128 993
131 785
131 826
130 341
129 999
131 480
Total Private .............................................................................
95 016
97 866
100 169
103 113
106 021
108 686
110 996
110 707
108 828
108 416
109 862
Goods–Producing ...............................................................
22 774
23 156
23 410
23 886
24 354
24 465
24 649
23 873
22 557
21 816
21 884
Natural Resources and Mining ....................................... Mining ............................................................................ Oil and gas extraction .................................................... Mining, except oil and gas .............................................
659 576.5 162.4 255.2
641 558.1 151.7 252.4
637 556.4 146.9 249.4
654 571.3 144.1 249.5
645 564.7 140.8 243.1
598 517.4 131.2 234.5
599 520.2 124.9 224.8
606 532.5 123.7 218.7
583 512.2 121.9 210.6
572 502.7 120.2 202.7
591 523.2 123.1 207.1
Construction .................................................................... Construction of buildings ............................................... Heavy and civil engineering ........................................... Specialty trade contractors ............................................
5 095 1 300.8 761.7 3 032.5
5 274 1 325.4 774.7 3 174.1
5 536 1 380.2 800.1 3 355.1
5 813 1 435.4 824.9 3 552.6
6 149 1 508.8 865.3 3 775.1
6 545 1 586.3 908.7 4 049.6
6 787 1 632.5 937.0 4 217.0
6 826 1 588.9 953.0 4 283.9
6 716 1 574.8 930.6 4 210.4
6 735 1 575.8 903.1 4 255.7
6 964 1 632.2 902.5 4 429.7
Manufacturing .................................................................. 17 021 Durable goods ............................................................... 10 131.0 Wood products .......................................................... 560.6 Nonmetallic mineral products .................................... 505.3 Primary metals ........................................................... 630.4 Fabricated metal products ......................................... 1 565.3 Machinery .................................................................. 1 379.2 Computer and electronic products ............................. 1 651.1 Electrical equipment and appliances ............................................................. 588.5 Transportation equipment .......................................... 1 936.1 Furniture and related products .................................. 600.2 Miscellaneous manufacturing .................................... 713.8 Nondurable goods ......................................................... 6 890.0 Food manufacturing ................................................... 1 539.2 Beverage and tobacco products ................................ 204.6 Textile mills ................................................................ 477.6 Textile product mills ................................................... 218.6 Apparel ...................................................................... 856.3 Paper and paper products ......................................... 639.4 Printing and related support activities ................................................................ 802.2 Petroleum and coal products ..................................... 144.0 Chemicals .................................................................. 1 004.7 Plastics and rubber products ..................................... 889.4
17 241 10 372.0 573.7 513.1 641.7 1 623.4 1 440.2 1 688.4
17 237 10 485.0 582.8 517.3 639.3 1 647.5 1 466.8 1 746.6
17 419 10 704.0 595.4 525.7 638.8 1 695.8 1 493.7 1 803.3
17 560 10 910.0 609.2 535.3 641.5 1 739.5 1 511.9 1 830.9
17 322 10 830.0 620.3 540.8 625.0 1 728.4 1 466.1 1 780.5
17 263 10 876.0 613.0 554.2 621.8 1 752.6 1 454.7 1 820.0
16 441 10 335.0 574.1 544.5 570.9 1 676.4 1 368.3 1 748.8
15 259 9 483.0 554.9 516.0 509.4 1 548.5 1 229.5 1 507.2
14 510 8 963.0 537.6 494.2 477.4 1 478.9 1 149.4 1 355.2
14 329 8 923.0 548.4 504.8 465.9 1 497.5 1 141.5 1 326.2
592.8 1 977.2 606.7 714.5 6 869.0 1 560.0 202.6 468.5 219.0 814.1 639.5
591.0 1 973.7 603.8 715.6 6 752.0 1 562.0 204.4 443.2 216.3 743.1 631.4
586.3 2 026.2 615.1 723.1 6 716.0 1 557.9 206.3 436.2 217.0 700.2 630.6
591.6 2 077.0 641.2 731.7 6 650.0 1 554.9 208.9 424.5 217.1 639.0 624.9
588.0 2 087.3 664.8 729.0 6 492.0 1 549.8 208.3 397.1 217.3 555.6 615.6
590.9 2 055.8 679.7 733.0 6 388.0 1 553.1 207.0 378.2 216.3 496.8 604.7
556.9 1 937.9 642.4 714.5 6 107.0 1 551.2 209.0 332.9 205.7 426.5 577.6
496.5 1 828.9 604.1 688.3 5 775.0 1 525.7 207.4 290.9 194.6 359.7 546.6
459.6 1 774.1 572.9 663.3 5 547.0 1 517.5 199.6 261.3 179.3 312.3 516.2
446.8 1 763.5 572.7 655.5 5 406.0 1 497.4 194.3 238.5 177.7 284.8 499.1
817.3 140.4 987.9 915.1
815.8 137.3 984.5 920.1
821.1 136.0 986.8 934.1
827.9 134.5 992.6 942.8
814.6 127.8 982.5 948.3
806.8 123.2 980.4 952.2
768.4 121.1 959.0 897.4
706.6 118.1 927.5 848.0
680.5 114.3 906.1 815.4
665.0 112.8 887.0 806.6
Private Service–Providing .................................................
72 242
74 710
76 759
79 227
81 667
84 221
86 346
86 834
86 271
86 599
87 978
Trade, Transportation, and Utilities ...............................
23 128
23 834
24 239
24 700
25 186
25 771
26 225
25 983
25 497
25 287
25 510
Wholesale Trade .............................................................. Durable goods ............................................................... Nondurable goods ......................................................... Electronic markets, agents, and brokers ......................................................................
5 247 2 786.0 1 927.0
5 433 2 908.8 1 969.3
5 522 2 977.8 1 977.5
5 664 3 071.9 2 007.9
5 795 3 162.4 2 032.7
5 892 3 219.6 2 061.1
5 933 3 250.7 2 064.8
5 773 3 130.4 2 031.3
5 652 3 007.9 2 015.0
5 608 2 940.6 2 004.6
5 655 2 949.1 2 007.1
534.4
555.0
566.7
584.1
600.1
611.8
617.7
611.1
629.4
662.2
698.8
Retail Trade ...................................................................... Motor vehicle and parts dealers .................................... Furniture and home furnishing stores ............................ Electronic and appliance stores ..................................... Building material and garden supply stores ........................................................................ Food and beverage stores ............................................. Health and personal care stores .................................... Gasoline stations ........................................................... Clothing and clothing accessories stores ........................................................................ Sporting goods, hobby, and music stores ....................................................................... General merchandise stores ......................................... Miscellaneous store retailers ......................................... Nonstore retailers ..........................................................
13 491 1 564.7 441.6 417.0
13 897 1 627.1 461.2 448.7
14 142 1 685.6 474.2 470.2
14 389 1 723.4 484.7 494.0
14 609 1 740.9 499.1 510.2
14 970 1 796.6 524.4 542.2
15 280 1 846.9 543.5 564.4
15 239 1 854.6 541.2 554.5
15 025 1 879.4 538.7 525.3
14 917 1 882.9 547.3 512.2
15 035 1 901.2 560.2 514.4
946.2 2 825.0 797.0 902.3
981.8 2 879.8 811.9 922.3
1 007.2 2 927.8 826.4 946.4
1 043.1 2 956.9 853.3 956.2
1 062.3 2 965.7 876.0 961.3
1 101.0 2 984.5 898.2 943.5
1 142.1 2 993.0 927.6 935.7
1 151.8 2 950.5 951.5 925.3
1 176.5 2 881.6 938.8 895.9
1 185.0 2 838.4 938.1 882.0
1 226.0 2 826.3 941.7 877.1
1 261.7
1 246.3
1 220.6
1 235.9
1 268.6
1 306.6
1 321.6
1 321.1
1 312.5
1 304.5
1 361.8
577.6 2 541.0 795.7 421.2
605.8 2 635.4 841.1 435.4
614.0 2 657.3 874.3 438.5
626.2 2 657.6 913.2 444.5
635.4 2 686.5 950.3 453.0
664.3 2 751.8 985.5 471.6
685.7 2 819.8 1 007.1 492.4
679.2 2 842.2 993.3 473.5
661.3 2 812.0 959.5 443.7
646.5 2 822.4 930.7 427.3
639.2 2 843.5 918.6 424.8
3 701 511.2 234.6 52.3 1 206.2
3 838 510.9 232.5 50.8 1 249.1
3 935 525.7 225.2 51.0 1 282.4
4 026 542.0 221.0 50.7 1 308.2
4 168 562.7 225.0 50.5 1 354.4
4 300 586.3 228.8 51.7 1 391.5
4 410 614.4 231.7 56.0 1 405.8
4 372 615.3 226.7 54.0 1 386.8
4 224 563.5 217.8 52.6 1 339.3
4 185 528.3 217.7 54.5 1 325.6
4 250 514.8 224.1 57.2 1 350.7
316.6 57.0
327.9 53.6
339.1 51.4
349.6 49.7
362.7 48.1
371.0 46.9
372.1 46.0
374.8 45.4
380.8 41.7
382.2 40.2
385.5 38.8
21.3 404.7 466.2 431.0
22.0 430.4 516.8 443.8
23.2 445.8 539.9 451.8
24.5 473.4 546.0 461.5
25.4 496.8 568.2 474.2
26.1 518.1 585.9 494.1
27.5 537.4 605.0 514.4
29.1 539.2 587.0 513.8
25.6 524.7 560.9 516.7
26.6 520.3 561.7 528.3
26.7 535.6 560.5 556.0
Transportation and Warehousing .................................. Air transportation ........................................................... Rail transportation ......................................................... Water transportation ...................................................... Truck transportation ....................................................... Transit and ground passenger transportation ............................................................ Pipeline transportation ................................................... Scenic and sightseeing transportation ............................................................ Support activities for transportation ............................... Couriers and messengers ............................................. Warehousing and storage .............................................
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HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 2-1. Employees on Nonfarm Payrolls by Super Sector and Selected Component Groups, NAICS Basis, 1994–2004—Continued (Thousands of people.) Industry
Utilities .............................................................................. Information ....................................................................... Publishing industries, except the Internet ..................................................................... Motion picture and sound recording industry ..................................................................... Broadcasting, except the Internet .................................. Internet publishing and broadcasting ............................. Telecommunications ...................................................... ISPs, search portals, and data processing ............................................................ Other information services ....................................
1994
689
1995
666
1996
640
1997
621
1998
613
1999
608
2000
601
2001
599
2002
596
2003
2004
577
570
2 738
2 843
2 940
3 084
3 218
3 419
3 631
3 629
3 395
3 188
3 138
891.0
910.7
927.2
955.5
982.3
1 004.8
1 035.0
1 020.7
964.1
924.8
909.8
278.4 290.1 16.9 961.1
311.1 298.1 18.6 975.7
334.7 309.1 21.0 997.0
353.0 313.0 23.5 1 059.5
369.5 321.2 27.1 1 107.8
384.4 329.4 37.1 1 179.7
382.6 343.5 50.5 1 262.6
376.8 344.6 45.5 1 302.1
387.9 334.1 33.7 1 186.5
376.2 324.3 29.2 1 082.3
389.0 326.6 31.3 1 042.5
268.0 32.8
291.2 38.2
311.6 39.4
338.8 40.1
369.1 41.4
439.3 43.8
510.1 46.2
493.6 46.1
441.0 47.3
402.4 48.7
388.1 50.9
Financial Activities .......................................................... Finance and insurance .................................................. Monetary authorities–central bank ................................ Credit intermediation ..................................................... Securities, commodities ................................................. Insurance carriers and related activities .................................................................... Funds, trust, and other financial vehicles ...................... Real estate and rental and leasing ................................ Real estate ................................................................ Rental and leasing services ....................................... Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets ...................................................................
6 867 5 135.2 23.4 2 375.7 553.4
6 827 5 071.7 23.0 2 314.4 562.2
6 969 5 154.2 22.8 2 368.2 589.6
7 178 5 305.1 22.1 2 433.6 636.1
7 462 5 532.0 21.7 2 531.9 692.2
7 648 5 668.4 22.6 2 591.0 737.3
7 687 5 680.4 22.8 2 547.8 804.5
7 807 5 773.1 23.0 2 597.7 830.5
7 847 5 817.3 23.4 2 686.0 789.4
7 977 5 922.6 22.6 2 792.4 757.7
8 052 5 965.6 21.6 2 832.3 766.8
2 118.8 63.9 1 731.5 1 183.2 529.9
2 108.2 63.9 1 755.4 1 178.9 557.4
2 108.0 65.6 1 814.3 1 205.8 587.7
2 143.6 69.8 1 872.8 1 240.7 609.5
2 209.4 76.9 1 930.3 1 274.2 630.8
2 236.1 81.5 1 979.0 1 299.0 653.1
2 220.6 84.8 2 006.8 1 312.2 666.8
2 233.7 88.3 2 034.5 1 339.5 666.3
2 233.2 85.4 2 029.6 1 352.9 649.1
2 266.0 83.9 2 053.9 1 383.6 643.1
2 260.3 84.7 2 086.2 1 417.0 643.9
18.4
19.0
20.8
22.6
25.3
26.8
27.8
28.7
27.6
27.3
25.4
Professional and Business Services ............................. Professional and technical services .............................. Management of companies and enterprises ................. Administrative and waste services ................................ Administrative and support services .............................. Waste management and remediation services ....................................................................
12 174 4 843.6 1 665.9 5 664.1 5 403.4
12 844 5 101.3 1 685.8 6 056.8 5 783.4
13 462 5 337.1 1 702.7 6 422.1 6 140.0
14 335 5 655.5 1 729.7 6 949.9 6 659.4
15 147 6 021.0 1 756.1 7 369.3 7 069.9
15 957 6 375.4 1 773.8 7 807.4 7 496.9
16 666 6 733.9 1 796.0 8 136.0 7 823.1
16 476 6 902.2 1 779.0 7 794.9 7 477.6
15 976 6 675.6 1 705.4 7 595.2 7 276.8
15 987 6 629.5 1 687.2 7 669.8 7 347.7
16 414 6 762.0 1 718.0 7 934.0 7 608.7
260.7
273.3
282.0
290.5
299.3
310.5
312.9
317.3
318.3
322.1
325.3
Education and Health Services ...................................... 12 807 Educational services ...................................................... 1 894.9 Health care and social assistance ................................. 10 911.7 Ambulatory health care services ................................... 3 578.8 Hospitals ........................................................................ 3 724.0 Nursing and residential health facilities ..................................................................... 2 227.0 Social assistance ........................................................... 1 381.9
13 289 2 010.2 11 278.4 3 767.5 3 733.7
13 683 2 077.6 11 604.9 3 939.9 3 772.8
14 087 2 155.0 11 932.2 4 093.0 3 821.6
14 446 2 232.9 12 213.5 4 161.2 3 892.4
14 798 2 320.4 12 477.1 4 226.6 3 935.5
15 109 2 390.4 12 718.0 4 320.3 3 954.3
15 645 2 510.6 13 134.0 4 461.5 4 050.9
16 199 2 642.8 13 555.7 4 633.2 4 159.6
16 588 2 695.1 13 892.6 4 786.4 4 244.6
16 954 2 766.4 14 187.3 4 946.4 4 293.6
2 307.7 1 469.5
2 379.9 1 512.3
2 443.4 1 574.2
2 487.3 1 672.6
2 528.8 1 786.2
2 583.2 1 860.2
2 675.8 1 945.9
2 743.3 2 019.7
2 786.2 2 075.4
2 814.8 2 132.5
10 100
10 501
10 777
11 018
11 232
11 543
11 862
12 036
11 986
12 173
12 479
1 375.6 296.1 81.8 997.7 8 724.1 1 615.3 7 108.7 4 428.0 1 023.5 1 120.3
1 459.4 307.7 83.9 1 067.8 9 041.6 1 652.5 7 389.1 4 572.0 1 078.9 1 143.9
1 522.1 328.6 88.9 1 104.5 9 254.3 1 698.9 7 555.4 4 690.0 1 135.5 1 165.7
1 599.9 349.6 93.8 1 156.5 9 417.9 1 729.5 7 688.5 4 825.0 1 169.3 1 180.4
1 645.2 350.0 97.4 1 197.9 9 586.2 1 773.5 7 812.7 4 976.0 1 189.2 1 205.6
1 709.1 361.1 103.1 1 244.9 9 833.7 1 831.7 8 002.0 5 087.0 1 222.0 1 220.3
1 787.9 381.8 110.4 1 295.7 10 073.5 1 884.4 8 189.1 5 168.0 1 241.5 1 242.9
1 824.4 382.3 115.0 1 327.1 10 211.3 1 852.2 8 359.1 5 258.0 1 256.5 1 255.0
1 782.6 363.7 114.0 1 305.0 10 203.2 1 778.6 8 424.6 5 372.0 1 246.9 1 257.2
1 812.9 371.7 114.7 1 326.5 10 359.8 1 775.4 8 584.4 5 401.0 1 233.6 1 263.5
1 833.0 364.8 117.1 1 351.1 10 646.0 1 795.9 8 850.1 5 431.0 1 227.6 1 274.1
2 284.5
2 348.9
2 389.1
2 474.9
2 581.3
2 644.4
2 683.3
2 746.4
2 867.8
2 903.6
2 929.1
Government ............................................................................. 19 275 Federal .................................................................................. 3 018.0 Federal, except Postal Service ......................................... 2 197.2 State ...................................................................................... 4 576.0 State, excluding education ................................................ 2 693.6 Local ...................................................................................... 11 682.0 Local, excluding education ............................................... 5 352.2
19 432 2 949.0 2 098.8 4 635.0 2 715.5 11 849.0 5 396.0
19 539 2 877.0 2 009.8 4 606.0 2 695.1 12 056.0 5 464.1
19 664 2 806.0 1 940.2 4 582.0 2 677.9 12 276.0 5 516.9
19 909 2 772.0 1 891.3 4 612.0 2 690.2 12 525.0 5 603.9
20 307 2 769.0 1 879.5 4 709.0 2 725.6 12 829.0 5 708.6
20 790 2 865.0 1 984.8 4 786.0 2 755.9 13 139.0 5 844.6
21 118 2 764.0 1 891.0 4 905.0 2 791.8 13 449.0 5 970.0
21 513 2 766.0 1 923.8 5 029.0 2 786.3 13 718.0 6 063.2
21 583 2 761.0 1 952.4 5 002.0 2 747.6 13 820.0 6 110.2
21 618 2 728.0 1 943.4 4 985.0 2 736.2 13 905.0 6 143.0
Leisure and Hospitality .................................................. Arts, entertainment, and recreation .................................................................. Performing arts and spectator sports ............................ Museums, historical sites .............................................. Amusements, gambling, and recreation ........................ Accommodation and food service ................................. Accommodations ........................................................... Food services and drinking places ................................ Other services ............................................................... Repair and maintenance ............................................... Personal and laundry services ...................................... Membership associations and organizations ............................................................
EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
183
Table 2-2. Employees on Nonfarm Payrolls by Major Industry Groups, SIC Basis, 1948–1989 (Thousands of people.) Industry
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
TOTAL ...........................................................
44 866
43 754
45 197
47 819
48 793
50 202
48 990
50 641
52 369
52 855
51 322
53 270
54 189
53 999
Total Private ..................................................
39 216
37 897
39 170
41 430
42 185
43 556
42 238
43 727
45 091
45 239
43 483
45 186
45 836
45 404
Goods-Producing ......................................... Mining ............................................................. Construction ................................................... Manufacturing ................................................
18 774 994 2 198 15 582
17 565 930 2 194 14 441
18 506 901 2 364 15 241
19 959 929 2 637 16 393
20 198 898 2 668 16 632
21 074 866 2 659 17 549
19 751 791 2 646 16 314
20 513 792 2 839 16 882
21 104 822 3 039 17 243
20 967 828 2 962 17 176
19 513 751 2 817 15 945
20 411 732 3 004 16 675
20 434 712 2 926 16 796
19 857 672 2 859 16 326
Service–Producing ....................................... Transportation and public utilities ................... Wholesale trade ............................................. Retail trade ..................................................... Finance, insurance, and real estate ............... Services .........................................................
26 092 4 189 2 612 6 659 1 800 5 181
26 189 4 001 2 610 6 654 1 828 5 239
26 691 4 034 2 643 6 743 1 888 5 356
27 860 4 226 2 735 7 007 1 956 5 547
28 595 4 248 2 821 7 184 2 035 5 699
29 128 4 290 2 862 7 385 2 111 5 835
29 239 4 084 2 875 7 360 2 200 5 969
30 128 4 141 2 934 7 601 2 298 6 240
31 264 4 244 3 027 7 831 2 389 6 497
31 889 4 241 3 037 7 848 2 438 6 708
31 811 3 976 2 989 7 761 2 481 6 765
32 857 4 011 3 092 8 035 2 549 7 087
33 755 4 004 3 153 8 238 2 628 7 378
34 142 3 903 3 142 8 195 2 688 7 619
Government .................................................. Federal ........................................................... State ............................................................... Local ...............................................................
5 650 1 863 ... ...
5 856 1 908 ... ...
6 026 1 928 ... ...
6 389 2 302 ... ...
6 609 2 420 ... ...
6 645 2 305 ... ...
6 751 2 188 ... ...
6 914 2 187 1 168 3 558
7 278 2 209 1 250 3 819
7 616 2 217 1 328 4 071
7 839 2 191 1 415 4 232
8 083 2 233 1 484 4 366
8 353 2 270 1 536 4 547
8 594 2 279 1 607 4 708
Industry
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
TOTAL ...........................................................
55 549
56 653
58 283
60 763
63 901
65 803
67 897
70 384
70 880
71 211
73 675
76 790
78 265
76 945
Total Private ..................................................
46 660
47 429
48 686
50 689
53 116
54 413
56 058
58 189
58 325
58 331
60 341
63 058
64 095
62 259
Goods-Producing ......................................... Mining ............................................................. Construction ................................................... Manufacturing ................................................
20 451 650 2 948 16 853
20 640 635 3 010 16 995
21 005 634 3 097 17 274
21 926 632 3 232 18 062
23 158 627 3 317 19 214
23 308 613 3 248 19 447
23 737 606 3 350 19 781
24 361 619 3 575 20 167
23 578 623 3 588 19 367
22 935 609 3 704 18 623
23 668 628 3 889 19 151
24 893 642 4 097 20 154
24 794 697 4 020 20 077
22 600 752 3 525 18 323
Service–Producing ....................................... Transportation and public utilities ................... Wholesale trade ............................................. Retail trade ..................................................... Finance, insurance, and real estate ............... Services .........................................................
35 098 3 906 3 207 8 359 2 754 7 982
36 013 3 903 3 258 8 520 2 830 8 277
37 278 3 951 3 347 8 812 2 911 8 660
38 839 4 036 3 477 9 239 2 977 9 036
40 743 4 158 3 608 9 637 3 058 9 498
42 495 4 268 3 700 9 906 3 185 10 045
44 158 4 318 3 791 10 308 3 337 10 567
46 023 4 442 3 919 10 785 3 512 11 169
47 302 4 515 4 006 11 034 3 645 11 548
48 276 4 476 4 014 11 338 3 772 11 797
50 007 4 541 4 127 11 822 3 908 12 276
51 897 4 656 4 291 12 315 4 046 12 857
53 471 4 725 4 447 12 539 4 148 13 441
54 345 4 542 4 430 12 630 4 165 13 892
Government .................................................. Federal ........................................................... State ............................................................... Local ...............................................................
8 890 2 340 1 668 4 881
9 225 2 358 1 747 5 121
9 596 2 348 1 856 5 392
10 074 2 378 1 996 5 700
10 784 2 564 2 141 6 080
11 391 2 719 2 302 6 371
11 839 2 737 2 442 6 660
12 195 2 758 2 533 6 904
12 554 2 731 2 664 7 158
12 881 2 696 2 747 7 437
13 334 2 684 2 859 7 790
13 732 2 663 2 923 8 146
14 170 2 724 3 039 8 407
14 686 2 748 3 179 8 758
1973
1974
1975
Industry
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
TOTAL ...........................................................
79 382
82 471
86 697
89 823
90 406
91 152
89 544
90 152
94 408
97 387
99 344
101 958
105 209
107 884
Total Private ..................................................
64 511
67 344
71 026
73 876
74 166
75 121
73 707
74 282
78 384
80 992
82 651
84 948
87 823
90 105
Goods-Producing ......................................... Mining ............................................................. Construction ................................................... Manufacturing ................................................
23 352 779 3 576 18 997
24 346 813 3 851 19 682
25 585 851 4 229 20 505
26 461 958 4 463 21 040
25 658 1 027 4 346 20 285
25 497 1 139 4 188 20 170
23 812 1 128 3 904 18 780
23 330 952 3 946 18 432
24 718 966 4 380 19 372
24 842 927 4 668 19 248
24 533 777 4 810 18 947
24 674 717 4 958 18 999
25 125 713 5 098 19 314
25 254 692 5 171 19 391
Service–Producing ....................................... Transportation and public utilities ................... Wholesale trade ............................................. Retail trade ..................................................... Finance, insurance, and real estate ............... Services .........................................................
56 030 4 582 4 562 13 193 4 271 14 551
58 125 4 713 4 723 13 792 4 467 15 302
61 113 4 923 4 985 14 556 4 724 16 252
63 363 5 136 5 221 14 972 4 975 17 112
64 748 5 146 5 292 15 018 5 160 17 890
65 655 5 165 5 375 15 171 5 298 18 615
65 732 5 081 5 295 15 158 5 340 19 021
66 821 4 952 5 283 15 587 5 466 19 664
69 690 5 156 5 568 16 512 5 684 20 746
72 544 5 233 5 727 17 315 5 948 21 927
74 811 5 247 5 761 17 880 6 273 22 957
77 284 5 362 5 848 18 422 6 533 24 110
80 084 5 512 6 030 19 023 6 630 25 504
82 630 5 614 6 187 19 475 6 668 26 907
Government .................................................. Federal ........................................................... State ............................................................... Local ...............................................................
14 871 2 733 3 273 8 865
15 127 2 727 3 377 9 023
15 672 2 753 3 474 9 446
15 947 2 773 3 541 9 633
16 241 2 866 3 610 9 765
16 031 2 772 3 640 9 619
15 837 2 739 3 640 9 458
15 869 2 774 3 662 9 434
16 024 2 807 3 734 9 482
16 394 2 875 3 832 9 687
16 693 2 899 3 893 9 901
17 010 2 943 3 967 10 100
17 386 2 971 4 076 10 339
17 779 2 988 4 182 10 609
Note: Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. . . . = Not available.
184
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 2-3. Women Employees on Nonfarm Payrolls by Super Sector and Selected Component Groups, NAICS Basis, 1990–2004 (Thousands of people.) Industry
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
TOTAL NONFARM .......................................... 51 586
51 681
52 132
53 175
54 759
56 213
57 406
58 914
60 309
61 810
63 222
63 683
63 360
63 237
63 762
Total Private ................................................ 41 731
41 696
41 970
42 849
44 228
45 514
46 573
47 923
49 144
50 358
51 452
51 669
51 033
50 901
51 426
6 470 112 656 5 702
6 243 114 628 5 501
6 119 109 599 5 410
6 090 105 609 5 377
6 168 102 636 5 430
6 225 98 666 5 462
6 214 96 700 5 417
6 294 99 730 5 466
6 353 100 769 5 484
6 299 96 818 5 386
6 297 92 846 5 359
5 961 90 832 5 039
5 486 85 827 4 574
5 192 80 822 4 290
5 121 80 839 4 202
Private Service-Providing ...................... 35 262 Trade, transportation, and utilities ........ 9 363 Wholesale trade ................................ 1 611 Retail trade ....................................... 6 696 Transportation and warehousing ...... 879 Utilities .............................................. 177 Information ............................................ 1 324 Financial activities ................................. 4 055 Professional and business services ...... 5 105 Educational and health services ........... 8 422 Leisure and hospitality .......................... 4 829 Other services ....................................... 2 164
35 453 9 243 1 587 6 588 891 177 1 319 4 036 5 026 8 840 4 806 2 184
35 851 9 176 1 565 6 534 901 176 1 295 4 022 5 160 9 141 4 876 2 181
36 759 9 259 1 554 6 599 932 174 1 304 4 114 5 399 9 454 4 994 2 236
38 061 9 564 1 607 6 813 974 169 1 334 4 196 5 682 9 822 5 192 2 269
39 289 9 870 1 668 7 020 1 018 163 1 380 4 164 5 979 10 181 5 382 2 333
40 360 10 043 1 701 7 142 1 042 157 1 433 4 241 6 273 10 474 5 520 2 376
41 629 10 230 1 746 7 272 1 060 153 1 481 4 359 6 705 10 779 5 640 2 435
42 791 10 413 1 778 7 380 1 103 152 1 514 4 515 7 030 11 042 5 760 2 517
44 059 10 658 1 809 7 542 1 154 152 1 600 4 605 7 370 11 323 5 933 2 570
45 155 10 859 1 826 7 680 1 202 151 1 697 4 638 7 680 11 586 6 082 2 614
45 708 10 768 1 770 7 635 1 212 151 1 684 4 726 7 591 12 037 6 224 2 677
45 547 10 466 1 718 7 449 1 149 150 1 554 4 755 7 314 12 474 6 215 2 769
45 709 10 321 1 700 7 339 1 134 147 1 428 4 830 7 248 12 786 6 319 2 779
46 305 10 350 1 711 7 374 1 117 148 1 375 4 841 7 369 13 073 6 510 2 788
9 985 1 329 2 173 6 483
10 162 1 335 2 197 6 630
10 326 1 321 2 238 6 767
10 531 1 306 2 281 6 943
10 698 1 285 2 326 7 088
10 832 1 261 2 316 7 255
10 991 1 240 2 324 7 426
11 164 1 184 2 354 7 627
11 452 1 174 2 412 7 866
11 771 1 231 2 464 8 076
12 015 1 148 2 534 8 333
12 327 1 155 2 621 8 551
12 337 1 173 2 599 8 565
12 336 1 167 2 564 8 605
Goods-Producing ................................... Natural resources and mining ............... Construction ......................................... Manufacturing .......................................
Government ................................................. Federal ...................................................... State ........................................................ Local .........................................................
1990
9 855 1 378 2 137 6 340
185
EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
Table 2-4. Women Employees on Nonfarm Payrolls by Major Industry, SIC Basis, 1959–1989 (Thousands of people.) Manufacturing Year
Total
Mining
Construction
Total
Durable goods
Transportation and WholeNondurpublic sale trade able utilities goods
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and Services real estate
Government
Total
Federal
State
Local
1959 ..............................
...
...
...
4 358
1 692
2 667
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
1960 .............................. 1961 .............................. 1962 .............................. 1963 .............................. 1964 ..............................
... ... ... ... 19 662
36 35 35 35 34
... ... ... ... 152
4 371 4 292 4 474 4 482 4 537
1 702 1 662 1 770 1 767 1 777
2 670 2 630 2 705 2 715 2 760
... ... ... ... 723
717 703 712 720 741
3 579 3 564 3 643 3 708 3 878
... ... ... ... 1 464
... ... ... ... 4 415
... ... ... ... 3 718
... ... ... ... 530
... ... ... ... 708
... ... ... ... 2 480
1965 .............................. 1966 .............................. 1967 .............................. 1968 .............................. 1969 ..............................
20 660 22 168 23 272 24 395 25 595
34 34 35 36 37
152 156 158 164 174
4 768 5 213 5 353 5 490 5 667
1 911 2 204 2 300 2 361 2 469
2 857 3 009 3 053 3 129 3 197
748 786 835 860 911
768 809 832 857 904
4 113 4 315 4 465 4 669 4 937
1 496 1 549 1 624 1 709 1 819
4 611 4 931 5 267 5 632 5 994
3 970 4 375 4 703 4 979 5 153
542 610 674 710 723
768 841 931 1 013 1 087
2 660 2 924 3 099 3 256 3 343
1970 .............................. 1971 .............................. 1972 .............................. 1973 .............................. 1974 ..............................
26 132 26 466 27 541 28 988 30 124
37 37 40 43 49
186 199 219 241 262
5 448 5 229 5 470 5 865 5 849
2 307 2 152 2 280 2 567 2 618
3 141 3 078 3 190 3 298 3 230
957 955 953 987 1 018
924 917 939 996 1 050
5 083 5 211 5 410 5 686 5 928
1 907 1 978 2 032 2 138 2 245
6 224 6 438 6 718 7 023 7 454
5 365 5 502 5 759 6 010 6 270
723 715 747 780 798
1 126 1 118 1 162 1 216 1 287
3 517 3 669 3 849 4 014 4 185
1975 .............................. 1976 .............................. 1977 .............................. 1978 .............................. 1979 ..............................
30 178 31 570 33 252 35 349 37 096
55 60 65 76 91
256 281 304 331 355
5 257 5 607 5 880 6 237 6 466
2 271 2 444 2 645 2 894 3 085
2 985 3 163 3 235 3 343 3 380
996 1 010 1 051 1 133 1 237
1 053 1 100 1 153 1 243 1 328
5 998 6 301 6 611 7 036 7 369
2 287 2 371 2 511 2 708 2 882
7 822 8 256 8 771 9 368 9 919
6 454 6 586 6 907 7 216 7 450
805 808 856 866 860
1 373 1 448 1 510 1 537 1 572
4 276 4 329 4 540 4 813 5 018
1980 .............................. 1981 .............................. 1982 .............................. 1983 .............................. 1984 ..............................
38 186 39 035 39 041 39 826 42 022
105 129 134 117 118
372 380 377 388 427
6 317 6 341 5 990 5 964 6 295
3 003 3 029 2 822 2 788 3 031
3 314 3 312 3 168 3 176 3 265
1 292 1 340 1 339 1 313 1 386
1 371 1 404 1 424 1 463 1 557
7 480 7 585 7 653 7 912 8 519
3 039 3 158 3 198 3 277 3 430
10 452 10 969 11 330 11 755 12 413
7 759 7 730 7 595 7 637 7 878
908 878 883 939 975
1 632 1 659 1 637 1 584 1 678
5 219 5 193 5 075 5 114 5 224
1985 .............................. 1986 .............................. 1987 .............................. 1988 .............................. 1989 ..............................
43 851 45 476 47 188 49 053 50 690
120 106 95 96 94
463 495 523 539 547
6 230 6 181 6 242 6 352 6 399
3 022 2 974 2 987 3 032 3 048
3 208 3 207 3 255 3 320 3 351
1 448 1 480 1 532 1 619 1 643
1 632 1 684 1 736 1 815 1 891
9 037 9 404 9 764 10 113 10 384
3 634 3 886 4 076 4 134 4 188
13 129 13 819 14 549 15 454 16 296
8 159 8 420 8 672 8 931 9 248
1 009 1 031 1 048 1 060 1 105
1 776 1 848 1 919 2 000 2 070
5 374 5 541 5 705 5 870 6 073
Note: Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. . . . = Not available.
186
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 2-5. Production or Nonsupervisory Workers on Private Nonfarm Payrolls by Super Sector, NAICS Basis, 1990–2004 (Thousands of people.) Industry
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
TOTAL PRIVATE .......................................
73 684
72 520
72 786
74 591
77 382
79 845
81 773
84 158
86 316
88 430
90 336
89 983
88 393
87 658
88 976
Goods–Producing ................................ Natural resources and mining ............ Construction ....................................... Manufacturing .....................................
17 322 538 4 115 12 669
16 352 515 3 674 12 164
16 043 478 3 546 12 020
16 236 462 3 704 12 070
16 795 461 3 973 12 361
17 137 458 4 113 12 566
17 318 461 4 325 12 532
17 698 479 4 546 12 673
18 008 473 4 807 12 729
18 067 438 5 105 12 524
18 169 446 5 295 12 428
17 466 457 5 332 11 677
16 400 436 5 196 10 768
15 732 420 5 123 10 190
15 823 440 5 300 10 083
Private Service–Providing ................... Trade, transportation, and utilities ...... Wholesale trade ............................. Retail trade ..................................... Transportation and warehousing .... Utilities ............................................ Information ......................................... Financial activities .............................. Professional and business services ... Educational and health services ......... Leisure and hospitality ........................ Other services ....................................
56 362 19 032 4 198 11 308 2 941 585 1 866 4 973 8 889 9 748 8 299 3 555
56 168 18 640 4 122 11 008 2 928 582 1 871 4 911 8 748 10 212 8 247 3 539
56 743 18 506 4 071 10 931 2 934 570 1 871 4 908 8 971 10 555 8 406 3 526
58 355 18 752 4 072 11 104 3 019 557 1 896 5 057 9 451 10 908 8 667 3 623
60 587 19 392 4 196 11 502 3 153 541 1 928 5 183 10 078 11 338 8 979 3 689
62 708 19 984 4 361 11 841 3 260 522 2 007 5 165 10 645 11 765 9 330 3 812
64 455 20 325 4 423 12 057 3 339 506 2 096 5 279 11 161 12 123 9 565 3 907
66 460 20 698 4 523 12 274 3 407 494 2 181 5 415 11 896 12 478 9 780 4 013
68 308 21 059 4 605 12 440 3 522 492 2 217 5 605 12 566 12 791 9 947 4 124
70 363 21 576 4 673 12 772 3 642 489 2 351 5 728 13 184 13 089 10 216 4 219
72 167 21 965 4 686 13 040 3 753 485 2 502 5 737 13 790 13 362 10 516 4 296
72 517 21 709 4 555 12 952 3 718 483 2 530 5 810 13 588 13 846 10 662 4 373
71 993 21 337 4 474 12 774 3 611 478 2 398 5 872 13 049 14 311 10 576 4 449
71 926 21 078 4 396 12 655 3 563 464 2 347 5 967 12 910 14 532 10 666 4 426
73 152 21 298 4 438 12 766 3 638 455 2 389 6 001 13 306 14 771 10 945 4 442
EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
187
Table 2-6. Production or Nonsupervisory Workers on Private Nonfarm Payrolls by Major Industry, SIC Basis, 1947–1989 (Thousands of people.) Manufacturing Year
Total private
Mining
Construction Total
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
1947 ...................................................... 1948 ...................................................... 1949 ......................................................
33 747 34 489 33 159
871 906 839
1 786 1 954 1 949
12 990 12 910 11 790
7 064 6 962 6 158
5 926 5 950 5 633
... ... ...
2 248 2 361 2 354
6 000 6 275 6 248
1 436 1 496 1 517
... ... ...
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
34 349 36 225 36 643 37 694 36 276
816 840 801 765 686
2 101 2 343 2 360 2 341 2 316
12 523 13 368 13 359 14 055 12 817
6 741 7 514 7 583 8 186 7 226
5 781 5 854 5 777 5 869 5 591
... ... ... ... ...
2 382 2 456 2 533 2 554 2 536
6 368 6 642 6 807 6 964 6 928
1 565 1 622 1 683 1 742 1 807
... ... ... ... ...
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
37 500 38 495 38 384 36 608 38 080
680 702 695 611 590
2 477 2 653 2 577 2 420 2 577
13 288 13 436 13 189 11 997 12 603
7 580 7 701 7 581 6 611 7 065
5 708 5 735 5 607 5 387 5 538
... ... ... ... ...
2 574 2 645 2 639 2 572 2 661
7 109 7 296 7 292 7 174 7 434
1 889 1 961 1 998 2 029 2 086
... ... ... ... ...
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
38 516 37 989 38 979 39 553 40 560
570 532 512 498 497
2 497 2 426 2 500 2 562 2 637
12 586 12 083 12 488 12 555 12 781
7 060 6 650 6 967 7 059 7 245
5 526 5 433 5 521 5 495 5 537
... ... ... ... 3 490
2 705 2 684 2 726 2 758 2 832
7 618 7 558 7 682 7 811 8 037
2 145 2 189 2 237 2 291 2 346
... ... ... ... 7 939
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
42 278 44 249 45 137 46 473 48 208
494 487 469 461 472
2 749 2 818 2 741 2 822 3 012
13 434 14 296 14 308 14 514 14 767
7 746 8 400 8 396 8 489 8 683
5 688 5 895 5 912 6 024 6 084
3 561 3 638 3 718 3 757 3 863
2 932 3 033 3 095 3 164 3 271
8 426 8 787 9 026 9 378 9 822
2 388 2 441 2 533 2 651 2 797
8 295 8 749 9 246 9 727 10 205
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
48 156 48 148 49 939 52 201 52 809
473 455 475 486 530
2 990 3 071 3 257 3 405 3 294
14 044 13 544 14 045 14 838 14 638
8 088 7 697 8 025 8 699 8 634
5 956 5 847 6 022 6 138 6 004
3 914 3 872 3 943 4 034 4 079
3 340 3 327 3 418 3 560 3 683
10 034 10 288 10 717 11 152 11 316
2 879 2 936 3 024 3 121 3 169
10 481 10 655 11 059 11 606 12 100
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
50 991 52 897 55 179 58 156 60 367
571 592 618 638 719
2 808 2 814 3 021 3 354 3 565
13 043 13 638 14 135 14 734 15 068
7 532 7 888 8 280 8 777 9 082
5 510 5 750 5 855 5 956 5 986
3 894 3 918 4 008 4 142 4 299
3 650 3 759 3 892 4 109 4 290
11 373 11 890 12 424 13 110 13 458
3 173 3 243 3 397 3 593 3 776
12 479 13 043 13 683 14 476 15 193
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
60 331 60 923 59 468 60 028 63 339
762 841 821 673 686
3 421 3 261 2 998 3 031 3 404
14 214 14 020 12 742 12 528 13 280
8 416 8 270 7 290 7 095 7 715
5 798 5 751 5 451 5 433 5 565
4 293 4 283 4 190 4 072 4 258
4 328 4 375 4 261 4 239 4 466
13 484 13 582 13 594 13 989 14 736
3 907 3 999 3 996 4 066 4 226
15 921 16 562 16 867 17 429 18 284
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
65 475 66 866 68 771 71 099 73 017
658 545 511 512 493
3 655 3 770 3 870 3 980 4 035
13 084 12 864 12 952 13 193 13 230
7 618 7 399 7 409 7 582 7 594
5 466 5 465 5 543 5 611 5 636
4 335 4 339 4 446 4 555 4 655
4 607 4 623 4 685 4 858 4 981
15 421 15 925 16 378 16 869 17 262
4 410 4 637 4 797 4 811 4 829
19 305 20 163 21 132 22 323 23 532
Note: Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. . . . = Not available.
188
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 2-7. Production Workers on Durable Goods Manufacturing Payrolls by Industry, NAICS Basis, 1990–2004 (Thousands of people.) Industry
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Total Durable Goods ................................ 7 396 Wood products ....................................... 449.9 Nonmetallic mineral products ................. 413.2 Primary metals ....................................... 525.1 Fabricated metal products ...................... 1 190.1 Machinery ............................................... 937.6
7 000 413 384 497 1 132 884
6 852 417.0 378.4 478.7 1 101.0 856.3
6 879 436.8 380.7 473.3 1 116.9 874.1
7 132 468.7 392.3 487.4 1 172.0 921.1
7 351 477.5 399.7 500.3 1 223.0 968.5
7 425 484.9 404.8 500.3 1 241.6 983.2
7 597 496.6 412.5 501.6 1 285.3 1 005.5
7 720 507.9 420.6 505.3 1 319.6 1 014.7
7 650 514.4 426.0 491.9 1 304.9 977.0
7 658 505.6 439.5 490.0 1 325.8 959.9
7 163 468.3 427.1 446.9 1 253.5 889.1
6 529 448.7 398.8 396.2 1 147.0 785.4
6 152 433.0 374.7 370.3 1 092.5 730.9
6 137 443.2 387.4 363.0 1 109.2 727.7
Computer and electronic products ......... 980.2 Electrical equipment and appliances ...... 465.2 Transportation equipment ...................... 1 472.5 Furniture and related products ............... 475.2 Miscellaneous manufacturing ................. 487.2
926 436 1 406 440 484
876.3 425.0 1 387.7 442.8 489.1
856.4 421.8 1 366.1 454.2 498.2
863.9 434.7 1 414.6 475.7 502.1
890.3 438.4 1 471.1 480.0 502.2
915.2 433.9 1 480.0 477.9 503.3
951.1 427.7 1 520.8 489.7 506.6
964.7 431.8 1 529.2 512.1 514.3
932.9 433.2 1 525.4 532.4 512.2
949.3 433.1 1 496.7 544.3 513.2
875.8 402.2 1 397.7 509.0 493.1
744.1 351.9 1 309.3 474.8 472.5
672.7 319.5 1 268.5 444.2 445.3
657.4 308.5 1 262.5 443.3 435.1
189
EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
Table 2-8. Production Workers on Durable Goods Manufacturing Payrolls by Industry, Selected Years, SIC Basis, 1939–1989 (Thousands of people.) Primary metal industries
Year
Total
Lumber Stone, Furniture and clay, and and wood glass fixtures products products
Total
Transportation equipment
Industrial Electronic Blast Fabricated machinery and other furnaces metal and electrical and products equipment equipment basic steel products
Total
InstruMiscellaments neous and Motor manufacrelated vehicles turing products and equipment
1939 ......................................................
3 926
...
...
297.0
...
452.6
...
...
...
539.5
388.3
...
...
1940 ......................................................
4 506
...
...
310.7
...
519.6
...
...
...
710.7
448.6
...
...
1945 ......................................................
7 571
...
...
334.4
...
527.3
...
...
...
2 057.4
519.7
...
...
1950 ......................................................
6 741
777.2
301.8
447.6
1 030.5
586.8
861.5
938.6
...
1 016.4
677.1
...
343.7
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
7 580 7 701 7 581 6 611 7 065
706.3 696.0 622.0 581.8 628.5
292.6 300.6 298.2 284.4 305.7
469.1 479.9 466.5 433.5 469.7
1 069.4 1 084.6 1 071.4 890.8 914.2
604.5 595.4 600.1 486.5 470.9
974.5 977.0 989.1 892.2 939.5
1 082.1 1 170.9 1 155.6 956.3 1 038.9
... ... ... ... ...
1 418.1 1 366.2 1 394.5 1 128.8 1 183.8
718.3 619.5 601.7 452.5 537.5
... ... ... ... ...
330.4 333.1 315.3 299.5 312.9
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
7 060 6 650 6 967 7 059 7 245
595.8 551.4 562.7 565.8 574.8
303.5 289.5 304.5 308.7 320.9
465.5 444.4 452.3 458.1 467.4
956.9 880.8 901.5 911.7 967.1
528.4 478.4 476.3 479.1 515.6
943.4 896.5 944.8 965.4 992.2
1 047.4 987.3 1 049.4 1 070.9 1 131.8
... ... ... ... ...
1 134.6 1 029.2 1 096.5 1 142.9 1 144.7
563.3 479.1 534.0 573.6 579.2
... ... ... ... ...
314.3 303.5 313.2 310.4 317.9
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
7 746 8 400 8 396 8 489 8 683
579.3 587.4 570.6 581.0 594.3
340.3 364.4 357.6 371.5 382.9
477.8 489.9 473.5 482.0 498.5
1 022.7 1 055.5 1 015.7 1 002.6 1 042.2
538.4 530.9 509.5 506.2 513.6
1 059.5 1 158.9 1 204.8 1 243.5 1 283.6
1 227.4 1 358.1 1 383.2 1 357.5 1 397.1
... ... ... ... ...
1 259.2 1 385.3 1 390.9 1 449.9 1 443.3
658.9 670.3 626.9 680.8 708.0
... ... ... ... ...
335.5 346.1 338.3 340.4 344.6
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
8 088 7 697 8 025 8 699 8 634
563.5 588.4 636.7 664.9 618.1
362.4 364.5 400.4 420.0 401.9
484.9 485.5 515.5 545.8 539.1
999.7 923.3 932.9 1 010.5 1 029.5
499.7 454.6 452.6 484.8 487.3
1 188.3 1 128.0 1 189.1 1 276.7 1 255.9
1 335.8 1 195.1 1 258.4 1 415.9 1 494.3
... ... ... ... ...
1 222.7 1 196.1 1 225.7 1 324.1 1 256.3
605.3 655.4 676.0 754.9 687.5
... ... ... ... ...
328.7 317.6 339.9 356.4 353.8
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
7 532 7 888 8 280 8 777 9 082
525.6 585.4 625.8 656.5 663.7
337.3 364.0 381.8 406.3 405.9
472.7 486.2 504.6 524.9 529.1
886.6 904.4 922.1 954.3 986.4
428.1 430.5 432.6 441.7 451.3
1 089.6 1 138.2 1 197.5 1 269.3 1 298.3
1 350.2 1 352.0 1 434.7 1 540.0 1 648.2
... ... ... ... ...
1 141.7 1 222.5 1 277.0 1 369.5 1 408.5
602.4 682.4 734.7 781.7 764.4
... ... ... ... ...
310.6 328.7 334.2 344.5 338.8
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
8 416 8 270 7 290 7 095 7 715
587.2 562.5 496.7 555.3 598.2
375.8 373.8 341.8 356.1 389.9
486.0 464.8 412.7 411.6 431.0
877.6 861.9 683.4 619.8 651.4
395.7 391.6 293.9 256.3 256.8
1 194.3 1 170.6 1 027.5 993.6 1 078.4
1 614.4 1 592.4 1 367.1 1 206.9 1 342.3
... ... ... ... ...
1 220.3 1 206.8 1 067.7 1 084.8 1 202.5
575.4 586.0 511.9 568.3 663.9
... ... ... ... ...
313.1 302.1 276.4 266.7 277.5
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
7 618 7 399 7 409 7 582 7 594
592.2 605.0 627.8 638.9 625.7
393.6 397.4 412.0 420.2 417.7
426.7 426.2 428.7 442.7 443.6
611.4 565.3 562.2 589.0 588.9
231.5 208.7 202.8 215.4 215.2
1 082.9 1 051.0 1 037.6 1 061.5 1 070.4
1 319.8 1 233.7 1 203.4 1 256.1 1 281.5
... ... ... 1 112.3 1 101.7
1 243.6 1 258.0 1 278.2 1 272.8 1 277.7
684.5 670.2 673.1 667.4 663.8
... ... ... 508.0 509.4
264.0 261.6 269.4 280.3 277.6
Note: Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. . . . = Not available.
190
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 2-9. Production Workers on Nondurable Goods Manufacturing Payrolls by Industry, NAICS Basis, 1990–2004 (Thousands of people.) Industry
1990
Total Nondurable Goods ................... 5 273 Food manufacturing ......................... 1 165.0 Beverage and tobacco products ...... 117.2 Textile mills ...................................... 417.9 Textile product mills ......................... 170.1 Apparel ............................................ 830.0 Leather and allied products ............. Paper and paper products ............... Printing and related support ............. Petroleum and coal products ........... Chemicals ........................................ Plastics and rubber products ...........
116.6 493.2 597.6 97.5 620.3 647.7
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
5 164 1 174.2 116.9 407.2 160.9 805.1
5 168 1 182.0 116.2 406.0 163.0 809.8
5 192 1 195.3 117.6 403.9 167.2 788.0
5 229 1 200.4 118.2 403.3 176.0 763.1
5 215 1 221.0 117.3 393.2 176.3 719.3
5 107 1 227.7 120.1 371.7 173.4 650.2
5 076 1 227.7 121.4 367.1 174.7 611.5
5 009 1 227.6 122.5 357.2 173.9 549.9
4 873 1 228.7 120.1 333.7 173.4 471.8
4 770 1 227.9 116.9 315.2 171.8 415.4
4 514 1 221.3 115.6 275.8 163.9 351.2
4 239 1 202.3 119.5 242.2 153.7 294.3
4 038 1 192.5 106.4 216.9 141.3 248.6
3 945 1 180.9 106.4 195.2 142.4 224.7
107.5 488.4 581.7 97.4 599.7 624.8
104.4 489.9 573.6 96.8 586.2 639.8
101.4 490.9 579.7 93.0 590.1 664.7
97.2 492.8 591.4 90.9 595.6 699.6
88.5 493.8 599.1 88.8 598.4 719.8
78.5 487.5 594.0 87.2 595.1 721.3
73.6 488.7 597.0 87.8 593.3 732.7
67.0 484.1 598.4 87.1 600.6 740.4
59.9 474.0 585.1 84.6 595.2 747.0
55.4 467.5 575.7 83.1 587.7 753.6
46.8 446.3 544.4 80.9 562.2 705.3
40.0 421.4 492.6 78.0 531.9 662.7
34.9 392.7 471.2 74.4 524.9 634.3
33.6 376.5 461.1 77.4 520.0 627.2
EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
191
Table 2-10. Production Workers on Nondurable Goods Manufacturing Payrolls by Industry, Selected Years, SIC Basis, 1939–1989 (Thousands of people.)
Industry
Total
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaLeather and leather neous plastics products products
1939 ......................................................
4 392
989.0
...
1 108.0
814.0
264.6
320.0
252.0
100.0
149.0
349.0
1940 ......................................................
4 434
1 003.0
...
1 090.0
819.0
276.8
321.0
274.0
105.0
161.0
337.0
1945 ......................................................
5 438
1 380.0
...
1 074.0
973.0
342.8
381.0
518.0
148.0
255.0
325.0
1950 ......................................................
5 781
1 331.0
95.0
1 169.0
1 080.0
413.0
494.0
461.0
165.0
279.0
355.0
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5 708 5 735 5 607 5 387 5 538
1 291.7 1 302.1 1 263.2 1 222.0 1 222.1
94.4 90.1 85.3 84.1 83.9
961.6 944.3 893.3 832.5 857.4
1 086.4 1 088.1 1 072.0 1 039.5 1 091.4
450.6 461.5 460.3 451.2 468.7
539.0 559.6 563.7 563.2 575.1
518.1 525.7 519.7 493.7 505.6
163.2 161.2 156.6 146.9 139.9
316.3 319.5 318.1 290.2 317.7
344.0 340.9 331.0 318.2 332.9
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5 526 5 433 5 521 5 495 5 537
1 211.8 1 191.1 1 178.4 1 167.1 1 157.3
83.3 79.6 78.7 76.6 78.4
835.1 805.0 812.1 793.4 798.2
1 098.2 1 079.6 1 122.9 1 138.0 1 158.3
476.5 474.9 482.8 483.2 485.6
588.9 591.7 594.5 590.3 602.1
509.9 505.0 519.3 525.3 529.4
137.9 129.9 125.5 119.9 114.2
320.5 314.7 343.3 349.8 364.1
320.9 316.4 318.9 307.8 305.5
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5 688 5 895 5 912 6 024 6 084
1 159.1 1 180.0 1 187.3 1 191.6 1 201.8
74.8 71.8 73.9 71.9 69.6
826.7 858.8 850.2 880.7 884.0
1 205.6 1 245.7 1 237.2 1 240.1 1 237.9
494.4 514.9 522.9 532.7 547.0
620.6 646.4 661.6 667.0 681.7
546.1 574.3 592.3 609.9 621.9
112.9 114.7 114.7 118.0 112.2
394.3 427.1 425.3 463.2 491.3
310.0 318.5 303.7 306.3 294.4
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5 956 5 847 6 022 6 138 6 004
1 206.9 1 203.2 1 191.8 1 166.8 1 163.6
69.0 63.4 62.2 64.8 63.8
855.0 837.2 866.6 886.2 842.2
1 196.4 1 177.5 1 208.0 1 249.7 1 174.9
539.6 518.4 528.1 539.6 540.8
679.0 658.0 665.7 672.9 660.4
604.0 587.8 592.8 610.5 623.0
118.2 124.1 125.1 123.9 126.1
472.7 478.5 524.8 579.1 576.5
273.4 257.1 256.4 245.0 232.3
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5 510 5 750 5 855 5 956 5 986
1 120.3 1 145.1 1 161.0 1 173.9 1 190.8
62.4 63.6 57.0 56.2 55.5
752.4 800.4 792.3 783.1 770.9
1 066.6 1 134.3 1 129.4 1 144.6 1 116.8
476.6 505.0 514.8 521.3 532.1
624.0 624.7 646.5 671.9 697.2
579.6 600.1 616.0 627.6 633.3
123.0 127.8 131.3 135.5 137.1
492.7 521.6 587.7 622.1 643.0
212.6 227.0 218.4 220.4 209.1
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5 798 5 751 5 451 5 433 5 565
1 174.6 1 149.5 1 125.5 1 113.5 1 118.9
53.6 54.7 53.4 52.0 48.6
736.9 712.5 642.1 639.2 645.6
1 079.4 1 059.5 981.2 983.5 1 002.1
519.3 515.0 490.7 491.2 508.1
698.9 699.3 699.1 711.5 757.7
625.8 628.3 598.6 578.6 582.8
124.7 133.9 119.9 118.0 111.3
588.2 596.8 557.8 574.2 632.2
196.6 201.1 182.9 171.1 158.0
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5 466 5 465 5 543 5 611 5 636
1 117.0 1 129.4 1 145.1 1 154.8 1 176.2
48.0 44.1 41.5 40.7 37.0
606.3 608.1 629.5 631.8 621.9
943.9 926.0 921.7 912.4 906.8
508.4 507.2 512.3 516.3 520.5
787.9 815.7 839.4 863.6 863.2
577.4 567.6 574.6 596.0 603.1
108.5 105.9 106.8 104.3 101.8
631.7 638.5 652.6 673.5 691.5
136.6 122.7 119.7 117.8 114.1
Note: Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. . . . = Not available.
192
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 2-11. Average Weekly Hours of Production or Nonsupervisory Workers on Private Nonfarm Payrolls by Super Sector, NAICS Basis, 1990–2004 (Number.) Industry
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
TOTAL PRIVATE .......................................
34.3
34.1
34.2
34.3
34.5
34.3
34.3
34.5
34.5
34.3
34.3
34.0
33.9
33.7
33.7
Goods–Producing ................................ Natural resources and mining ............ Construction ....................................... Manufacturing .....................................
40.1 45.0 38.3 40.5
40.1 45.3 38.1 40.4
40.2 44.6 38.0 40.7
40.6 44.9 38.4 41.1
41.1 45.3 38.8 41.7
40.8 45.3 38.8 41.3
40.8 46.0 38.9 41.3
41.1 46.2 38.9 41.7
40.8 44.9 38.8 41.4
40.8 44.2 39.0 41.4
40.7 44.4 39.2 41.3
39.9 44.6 38.7 40.3
39.9 43.2 38.4 40.5
39.8 43.6 38.4 40.4
40.0 44.5 38.3 40.8
Private Service–Providing ................... Trade, transportation, and utilities ...... Wholesale trade ............................. Retail trade ..................................... Transportation and warehousing .... Utilities ............................................ Information ......................................... Financial activities .............................. Professional and business services ... Educational and health services ......... Leisure and hospitality ........................ Other services ....................................
32.5 33.7 38.4 30.6 37.7 41.5 35.8 35.5 34.2 31.9 26.0 32.8
32.4 33.7 38.4 30.4 37.4 41.5 35.6 35.5 34.0 31.9 25.6 32.7
32.5 33.8 38.6 30.7 37.4 41.7 35.8 35.6 34.0 32.0 25.7 32.6
32.5 34.1 38.5 30.7 38.9 42.1 36.0 35.5 34.0 32.0 25.9 32.6
32.7 34.3 38.8 30.9 39.5 42.3 36.0 35.5 34.1 32.0 26.0 32.7
32.6 34.1 38.6 30.8 38.9 42.3 36.0 35.5 34.0 32.0 25.9 32.6
32.6 34.1 38.6 30.7 39.1 42.0 36.4 35.5 34.1 31.9 25.9 32.5
32.8 34.3 38.8 30.9 39.4 42.0 36.3 35.7 34.3 32.2 26.0 32.7
32.8 34.2 38.6 30.9 38.7 42.0 36.6 36.0 34.3 32.2 26.2 32.6
32.7 33.9 38.6 30.8 37.6 42.0 36.7 35.8 34.4 32.1 26.1 32.5
32.7 33.8 38.8 30.7 37.4 42.0 36.8 35.9 34.5 32.2 26.1 32.5
32.5 33.5 38.4 30.7 36.7 41.4 36.9 35.8 34.2 32.3 25.8 32.3
32.5 33.6 38.0 30.9 36.8 40.9 36.5 35.6 34.2 32.4 25.8 32.0
32.4 33.6 37.9 30.9 36.8 41.1 36.2 35.5 34.1 32.3 25.6 31.4
32.3 33.5 37.8 30.7 37.2 40.9 36.3 35.5 34.2 32.4 25.7 31.0
EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
193
Table 2-12. Average Weekly Hours of Production or Nonsupervisory Workers on Private Nonfarm Payrolls by Major Industry, SIC Basis, 1947–1989 (Number.) Manufacturing Year
Total private
Mining
Construction Total
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
1947 ...................................................... 1948 ...................................................... 1949 ......................................................
40.3 40.0 39.4
40.8 39.4 36.3
38.2 38.1 37.7
40.4 40.0 39.1
40.5 40.4 39.4
40.2 39.6 38.9
... ... ...
41.1 41.0 40.8
40.3 40.2 40.4
37.9 37.9 37.8
... ... ...
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
39.8 39.9 39.9 39.6 39.1
37.9 38.4 38.6 38.8 38.6
37.4 38.1 38.9 37.9 37.2
40.5 40.6 40.7 40.5 39.6
41.1 41.5 41.4 41.2 40.1
39.7 39.6 39.7 39.6 39.0
... ... ... ... ...
40.7 40.8 40.7 40.6 40.5
40.4 40.4 39.8 39.1 39.2
37.7 37.7 37.8 37.7 37.6
... ... ... ... ...
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
39.6 39.3 38.8 38.5 39.0
40.7 40.8 40.1 38.9 40.5
37.1 37.5 37.0 36.8 37.0
40.7 40.4 39.8 39.2 40.3
41.3 41.0 40.3 39.5 40.7
39.9 39.6 39.2 38.8 39.7
... ... ... ... ...
40.7 40.5 40.3 40.2 40.6
39.0 38.6 38.1 38.1 38.2
37.6 36.9 36.7 37.1 37.3
... ... ... ... ...
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
38.6 38.6 38.7 38.8 38.7
40.4 40.5 41.0 41.6 41.9
36.7 36.9 37.0 37.3 37.2
39.7 39.8 40.4 40.5 40.7
40.1 40.2 40.9 41.1 41.5
39.2 39.3 39.7 39.6 39.7
... ... ... ... 41.1
40.5 40.5 40.6 40.6 40.7
38.0 37.6 37.4 37.3 37.0
37.2 36.9 37.3 37.5 37.3
... ... ... ... 36.1
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
38.8 38.6 38.0 37.8 37.7
42.3 42.7 42.6 42.6 43.0
37.4 37.6 37.7 37.3 37.9
41.2 41.4 40.6 40.7 40.6
42.0 42.1 41.2 41.4 41.3
40.1 40.2 39.7 39.8 39.7
41.3 41.2 40.5 40.6 40.7
40.8 40.7 40.3 40.1 40.2
36.6 35.9 35.3 34.7 34.2
37.2 37.3 37.1 37.0 37.1
35.9 35.5 35.1 34.7 34.7
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
37.1 36.9 37.0 36.9 36.5
42.7 42.4 42.6 42.4 41.9
37.3 37.2 36.5 36.8 36.6
39.8 39.9 40.5 40.7 40.0
40.3 40.3 41.2 41.4 40.6
39.1 39.3 39.7 39.6 39.1
40.5 40.1 40.4 40.5 40.2
39.9 39.4 39.4 39.2 38.8
33.8 33.7 33.4 33.1 32.7
36.7 36.6 36.6 36.6 36.5
34.4 33.9 33.9 33.8 33.6
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
36.1 36.1 36.0 35.8 35.7
41.9 42.4 43.4 43.4 43.0
36.4 36.8 36.5 36.8 37.0
39.5 40.1 40.3 40.4 40.2
39.9 40.6 41.0 41.1 40.8
38.8 39.4 39.4 39.4 39.3
39.7 39.8 39.9 40.0 39.9
38.6 38.7 38.8 38.8 38.8
32.4 32.1 31.6 31.0 30.6
36.5 36.4 36.4 36.4 36.2
33.5 33.3 33.0 32.8 32.7
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
35.3 35.2 34.8 35.0 35.2
43.3 43.7 42.7 42.5 43.3
37.0 36.9 36.7 37.1 37.8
39.7 39.8 38.9 40.1 40.7
40.1 40.2 39.3 40.7 41.4
39.0 39.2 38.4 39.4 39.7
39.6 39.4 39.0 39.0 39.4
38.4 38.5 38.3 38.5 38.5
30.2 30.1 29.9 29.8 29.8
36.2 36.3 36.2 36.2 36.5
32.6 32.6 32.6 32.7 32.6
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
34.9 34.8 34.8 34.7 34.6
43.4 42.2 42.4 42.3 43.0
37.7 37.4 37.8 37.9 37.9
40.5 40.7 41.0 41.1 41.0
41.2 41.3 41.5 41.8 41.6
39.6 39.9 40.2 40.2 40.2
39.5 39.2 39.2 38.2 38.3
38.4 38.3 38.1 38.1 38.0
29.4 29.2 29.2 29.1 28.9
36.4 36.4 36.3 35.9 35.8
32.5 32.5 32.5 32.6 32.6
Note: Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. . . . = Not available.
194
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 2-13. Average Weekly Hours of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by Industry, NAICS Basis, 1990–2004 (Number.) Industry
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
DURABLE GOODS Total ........................................................... Wood products ....................................... Nonmetallic mineral products ................. Primary metals ....................................... Fabricated metal products ...................... Machinery ...............................................
41.1 40.4 40.9 42.0 41.0 42.1
40.9 40.2 40.5 41.5 40.8 41.9
41.3 40.9 41.0 42.4 41.2 42.4
41.9 41.2 41.5 43.1 41.6 43.2
42.6 41.7 42.2 44.1 42.3 43.9
42.1 41.0 41.8 43.4 41.9 43.5
42.1 41.2 42.0 43.6 41.9 43.3
42.6 41.4 41.9 44.3 42.3 44.0
42.1 41.4 42.2 43.5 41.9 43.1
41.9 41.3 42.1 43.8 41.7 42.3
41.8 41.0 41.6 44.2 41.9 42.3
40.6 40.2 41.6 42.4 40.6 40.9
40.8 39.9 42.0 42.4 40.6 40.5
40.8 40.4 42.2 42.3 40.7 40.8
41.3 40.6 42.3 43.1 41.1 41.9
Computer and electronic products ......... Electrical equipment and appliances ...... Transportation equipment ...................... Furniture and related products ............... Miscellaneous manufacturing .................
41.3 41.2 42.0 38.0 39.0
40.9 41.5 41.9 37.8 39.1
41.4 41.8 41.9 38.7 39.3
41.8 42.4 43.0 39.0 39.2
42.2 43.0 44.3 39.3 39.4
42.2 41.9 43.7 38.5 39.2
41.9 42.1 43.8 38.3 39.1
42.5 42.1 44.2 39.1 39.7
41.8 41.8 43.2 39.4 39.2
41.5 41.8 43.6 39.3 39.3
41.4 41.6 43.3 39.2 39.0
39.8 39.8 41.9 38.3 38.8
39.7 40.1 42.5 39.2 38.6
40.4 40.6 41.9 38.9 38.4
40.4 40.7 42.5 39.5 38.5
Total ........................................................... Food manufacturing ............................... Beverage and tobacco products ............. Textile mills ............................................. Textile product mills ................................ Apparel ...................................................
39.6 39.3 38.9 40.2 39.0 34.8
39.7 39.2 38.8 40.7 39.1 35.4
40.0 39.2 38.7 41.3 39.2 35.6
40.1 39.3 38.3 41.6 39.8 35.5
40.5 39.8 39.3 41.9 39.9 35.7
40.1 39.6 39.3 40.9 39.1 35.3
40.1 39.5 39.7 40.8 39.2 35.2
40.5 39.8 40.0 41.6 39.6 35.5
40.5 40.1 40.3 41.0 39.5 35.5
40.4 40.2 41.0 41.0 39.4 35.4
40.3 40.1 42.0 41.4 39.0 35.7
39.9 39.6 40.9 40.0 38.6 36.0
40.1 39.6 39.4 40.6 39.2 36.7
39.8 39.3 39.1 39.1 39.6 35.6
40.0 39.3 39.2 40.1 38.9 36.0
Leather and allied products .................... Paper and paper products ...................... Printing and related support ................... Petroleum and coal products .................. Chemicals ...............................................
37.4 43.6 38.7 44.4 42.8
37.6 43.6 38.6 43.9 43.1
37.9 43.8 39.0 43.6 43.3
38.4 43.8 39.2 44.0 43.2
38.2 44.2 39.6 44.3 43.4
37.7 43.4 39.1 43.7 43.3
37.8 43.5 39.1 43.7 43.3
38.2 43.9 39.5 43.1 43.4
37.4 43.6 39.3 43.6 43.2
37.2 43.6 39.1 42.6 42.7
37.5 42.8 39.2 42.7 42.2
36.4 42.1 38.7 43.8 41.9
37.5 41.9 38.4 43.0 42.3
39.3 41.5 38.2 44.5 42.4
38.4 42.1 38.4 44.9 42.8
Plastics and rubber products ..................
40.6
40.5
41.2
41.4
41.8
41.1
41.0
41.4
41.3
41.3
40.8
40.0
40.6
40.4
40.4
NONDURABLE GOODS
EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
195
Table 2-14. Average Weekly Hours of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by Industry, SIC Basis, 1947–1989 (Number.) Durable goods Primary metal industries Year Total
Lumber Furniture and wood and products fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Total
Transportation equipment
Industrial Electronic Fabricated machinery and other Blast metal and electrical furnaces products equipment equipment and basic steel products
Total
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
1947 ...................................................... 1948 ...................................................... 1949 ......................................................
40.5 40.4 39.4
40.3 40.0 39.2
41.5 41.0 40.0
41.0 40.7 39.7
39.9 40.2 38.4
39.0 39.5 38.2
40.9 40.7 39.7
41.5 41.3 39.6
... ... ...
39.7 39.4 39.6
39.8 39.2 39.7
... ... ...
40.5 40.6 39.6
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
41.1 41.5 41.4 41.2 40.1
39.5 39.3 39.7 39.3 39.1
41.8 41.1 41.4 40.9 40.0
41.1 41.4 41.1 40.8 40.5
40.9 41.6 40.8 41.0 38.8
39.9 40.9 40.0 40.5 37.8
41.5 41.8 41.7 41.8 40.8
41.9 43.5 43.0 42.4 40.7
... ... ... ... ...
41.4 41.2 41.8 41.6 40.9
42.1 40.4 41.4 42.0 41.5
... ... ... ... ...
40.8 40.5 40.7 40.5 39.6
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
41.3 41.0 40.3 39.5 40.7
39.5 38.9 38.4 38.6 39.7
41.4 40.7 39.9 39.3 40.7
41.4 41.1 40.4 40.0 41.2
41.3 41.0 39.6 38.3 40.5
40.5 40.5 39.1 37.5 40.1
41.7 41.3 40.9 39.9 40.9
41.9 42.3 41.1 39.8 41.5
... ... ... ... ...
42.3 41.4 40.8 40.0 40.7
43.6 41.2 40.9 39.7 41.1
... ... ... ... ...
40.3 40.0 39.7 39.2 39.9
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
40.1 40.2 40.9 41.1 41.5
39.1 39.5 39.8 40.2 40.4
40.0 40.0 40.7 40.9 41.2
40.6 40.7 41.0 41.4 41.7
39.0 39.5 40.2 41.0 41.7
38.2 38.9 39.2 40.2 41.2
40.5 40.5 41.1 41.3 41.7
41.0 40.9 41.7 41.8 42.4
... ... ... ... ...
40.7 40.5 42.0 42.0 42.1
41.0 40.1 42.7 42.8 43.0
... ... ... ... ...
39.3 39.5 39.7 39.6 39.6
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
42.0 42.1 41.2 41.4 41.3
40.9 40.8 40.3 40.6 40.2
41.5 41.5 40.4 40.6 40.4
42.0 42.0 41.6 41.8 41.9
42.1 42.1 41.1 41.6 41.8
41.2 41.0 40.2 41.0 41.3
42.1 42.4 41.5 41.7 41.6
43.1 43.8 42.5 42.0 42.5
... ... ... ... ...
42.9 42.6 41.4 42.2 41.5
44.2 42.8 40.8 43.1 41.7
... ... ... ... ...
39.9 40.0 39.4 39.4 39.0
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
40.3 40.3 41.2 41.4 40.6
39.6 39.8 40.4 40.0 39.2
39.2 39.8 40.2 40.0 39.1
41.2 41.6 42.0 41.9 41.3
40.4 40.1 41.4 42.3 41.6
40.0 39.6 40.6 41.7 41.3
40.7 40.4 41.2 41.6 40.8
41.1 40.6 42.1 42.8 42.1
... ... ... ... ...
40.3 40.7 41.7 42.1 40.5
40.3 41.2 43.0 43.5 40.6
... ... ... ... ...
38.7 38.9 39.5 39.0 38.7
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
39.9 40.6 41.0 41.1 40.8
38.8 39.9 39.9 39.8 39.5
38.0 38.8 39.0 39.3 38.7
40.4 41.1 41.3 41.6 41.5
40.0 40.8 41.3 41.8 41.4
39.5 40.3 40.5 41.5 41.2
40.1 40.8 41.0 41.0 40.7
40.8 41.2 41.5 42.0 41.7
... ... ... ... ...
40.4 41.7 42.5 42.2 41.1
40.3 42.9 44.0 43.3 41.1
... ... ... ... ...
38.5 38.8 38.8 38.8 38.8
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
40.1 40.2 39.3 40.7 41.4
38.6 38.7 38.1 40.1 39.9
38.1 38.4 37.2 39.4 39.7
40.8 40.6 40.1 41.5 42.0
40.1 40.5 38.6 40.5 41.7
39.4 40.4 37.9 39.5 40.7
40.4 40.3 39.2 40.6 41.4
41.0 40.9 39.7 40.5 41.9
... ... ... ... ...
40.6 40.9 40.5 42.1 42.7
40.0 40.9 40.5 43.3 43.8
... ... ... ... ...
38.7 38.8 38.4 39.1 39.4
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
41.2 41.3 41.5 41.8 41.6
39.9 40.4 40.6 40.1 40.1
39.4 39.8 40.0 39.4 39.5
41.9 42.2 42.3 42.3 42.3
41.5 41.9 43.1 43.5 43.0
41.1 41.7 43.4 44.0 43.4
41.3 41.3 41.6 41.9 41.6
41.5 41.6 42.2 42.7 42.4
... ... ... 41.0 40.8
42.6 42.3 42.0 42.7 42.4
43.5 42.6 42.2 43.5 43.1
... ... ... 41.4 41.1
39.4 39.6 39.4 39.2 39.4
. . . = Not available.
196
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 2-14. Average Weekly Hours of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by Industry, SIC Basis, 1947–1989—Continued (Number.) Nondurable goods
Year Total
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Rubber and Paper and Printing Chemicals Petroleum miscellaneous allied and and allied and coal plastics products publishing products products products
Leather and leather products
1947 ...................................................... 1948 ...................................................... 1949 ......................................................
40.2 39.6 38.9
43.2 42.4 41.9
38.9 38.3 37.3
39.6 39.2 37.7
36.0 35.8 35.4
43.1 42.8 41.7
40.2 39.4 38.8
41.2 41.2 40.7
40.6 40.6 40.3
40.0 39.3 38.5
38.6 37.2 36.6
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
39.7 39.6 39.7 39.6 39.0
41.9 42.1 41.9 41.5 41.3
38.1 38.5 38.4 38.1 37.6
39.6 38.8 39.1 39.1 38.3
36.0 35.6 36.3 36.1 35.3
43.3 43.1 42.8 43.0 42.3
38.9 38.9 38.9 39.0 38.5
41.2 41.3 40.9 41.0 40.8
40.8 40.8 40.5 40.7 40.7
41.0 40.8 40.9 40.4 39.8
37.6 36.9 38.4 37.7 36.9
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
39.9 39.6 39.2 38.8 39.7
41.5 41.3 40.8 40.8 41.0
38.7 38.8 38.4 39.1 39.1
40.1 39.7 38.9 38.6 40.4
36.3 36.0 35.7 35.1 36.3
43.1 42.8 42.3 41.9 42.8
38.9 38.9 38.6 38.0 38.5
41.1 41.1 40.9 40.7 41.4
40.9 41.0 40.8 40.9 41.2
41.7 40.4 40.6 39.3 41.3
37.9 37.6 37.4 36.7 37.9
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
39.2 39.3 39.7 39.6 39.7
40.8 40.9 41.0 41.0 41.0
38.2 39.0 38.6 38.7 38.8
39.5 39.9 40.6 40.6 41.0
35.5 35.4 36.2 36.1 35.9
42.1 42.5 42.6 42.7 42.8
38.4 38.2 38.3 38.3 38.5
41.3 41.4 41.6 41.6 41.6
41.1 41.2 41.6 41.7 41.8
40.0 40.4 41.0 40.9 41.3
36.9 37.4 37.6 37.5 37.9
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
40.1 40.2 39.7 39.8 39.7
41.1 41.2 40.9 40.8 40.8
37.9 38.9 38.6 37.9 37.4
41.7 41.9 40.9 41.2 40.8
36.4 36.4 36.0 36.1 35.9
43.1 43.4 42.8 42.9 43.0
38.6 38.8 38.4 38.3 38.3
41.9 42.0 41.6 41.8 41.8
42.2 42.4 42.7 42.5 42.6
42.0 42.0 41.4 41.5 41.2
38.2 38.6 38.2 38.3 37.2
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
39.1 39.3 39.7 39.6 39.1
40.5 40.3 40.5 40.4 40.4
37.8 37.8 37.6 38.6 38.3
39.9 40.6 41.3 40.9 39.5
35.3 35.6 36.0 35.9 35.2
41.9 42.1 42.8 42.9 42.2
37.7 37.5 37.7 37.7 37.5
41.6 41.6 41.7 41.8 41.5
42.8 42.8 42.7 42.4 42.1
40.3 40.4 41.2 41.2 40.6
37.2 37.7 38.3 37.8 36.9
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
38.8 39.4 39.4 39.4 39.3
40.3 40.5 40.0 39.7 39.9
38.2 37.5 37.8 38.1 38.0
39.3 40.1 40.4 40.4 40.4
35.2 35.8 35.6 35.6 35.3
41.6 42.5 42.9 42.9 42.6
36.9 37.5 37.7 37.6 37.5
41.0 41.6 41.7 41.9 41.9
41.2 42.1 42.7 43.6 43.8
39.9 40.7 41.1 40.9 40.6
37.1 37.4 36.9 37.1 36.5
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
39.0 39.2 38.4 39.4 39.7
39.7 39.7 39.4 39.5 39.8
38.1 38.8 37.8 37.4 38.9
40.1 39.6 37.5 40.4 39.9
35.4 35.7 34.7 36.2 36.4
42.2 42.5 41.8 42.6 43.1
37.1 37.3 37.1 37.6 37.9
41.5 41.6 40.9 41.6 41.9
41.8 43.2 43.9 43.9 43.7
40.0 40.3 39.6 41.2 41.7
36.7 36.7 35.6 36.8 36.8
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
39.6 39.9 40.2 40.2 40.2
40.0 40.0 40.2 40.3 40.7
37.2 37.4 39.0 39.8 38.6
39.7 41.1 41.8 41.0 40.9
36.4 36.7 37.0 37.0 36.9
43.1 43.2 43.4 43.3 43.3
37.8 38.0 38.0 38.0 37.9
41.9 41.9 42.3 42.2 42.4
43.0 43.8 44.0 44.4 44.3
41.1 41.4 41.6 41.7 41.4
37.2 36.9 38.2 37.5 37.9
Note: Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959.
197
EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
Table 2-15. Average Weekly Overtime Hours of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by Industry, NAICS Basis, 1990–2004 (Number.) Industry
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
TOTAL MANUFACTURING ......................
3.8
3.8
4.0
4.4
5.0
4.7
4.8
5.1
4.8
4.8
4.7
4.0
4.2
4.2
4.6
Total Durable Goods ............................ Wood products ................................... Nonmetallic mineral products ............. Primary metals ................................... Fabricated metal products .................. Machinery ...........................................
3.9 3.3 5.0 4.6 3.9 4.0
3.7 3.1 4.7 4.2 3.7 3.8
3.9 3.6 5.0 4.7 3.9 4.1
4.5 3.9 5.4 5.2 4.4 4.8
5.3 4.3 5.9 6.2 5.1 5.6
5.0 3.9 5.7 5.7 4.8 5.3
5.0 4.0 6.1 5.8 4.8 5.2
5.4 4.0 6.0 6.3 5.3 5.8
5.0 4.0 6.4 5.9 4.9 5.1
5.0 4.2 6.1 6.3 4.8 5.0
4.8 4.1 6.1 6.5 4.9 5.1
3.9 3.7 5.5 5.5 4.1 3.9
4.2 3.9 5.9 5.6 4.1 4.0
4.3 4.1 5.8 5.5 4.1 4.2
4.7 4.4 6.1 6.5 4.5 4.8
Computer and electronic products ..... Electrical equipment and appliances .. Transportation equipment .................. Furniture and related products ........... Miscellaneous manufacturing .............
3.8 3.0 4.5 2.3 3.0
3.8 3.0 4.3 2.2 3.1
3.9 3.2 4.3 2.7 3.1
4.3 3.7 5.5 2.9 3.2
4.8 4.2 7.0 3.3 3.5
4.9 3.5 6.5 2.8 3.4
4.7 3.7 6.7 2.9 3.4
5.2 3.9 7.2 3.3 3.7
4.8 3.6 6.4 3.6 3.4
4.6 3.6 6.1 3.9 3.7
4.6 3.7 5.5 3.5 3.1
3.2 3.0 4.5 2.7 2.8
3.4 3.1 5.1 3.4 2.9
3.8 3.4 5.0 3.5 2.7
3.6 4.0 5.5 3.6 3.2
Total Nondurable Goods .................... Food manufacturing ........................... Beverage and tobacco products ......... Textile mills ......................................... Textile product mills ............................ Apparel ...............................................
3.8 4.1 3.8 4.2 3.0 2.0
3.9 4.1 3.9 4.7 3.1 2.3
4.1 4.2 3.8 5.1 3.2 2.4
4.2 4.2 4.0 5.3 3.8 2.2
4.5 4.5 4.9 5.5 3.9 2.4
4.3 4.4 4.8 5.0 3.4 2.2
4.4 4.4 5.0 5.0 3.8 2.3
4.6 4.6 4.8 5.5 4.1 2.4
4.5 4.8 5.0 5.2 4.1 2.2
4.6 5.0 5.3 5.0 4.1 2.4
4.4 4.8 5.8 4.8 3.5 2.1
4.1 4.6 4.9 3.8 2.7 1.8
4.2 4.6 4.8 4.2 3.3 2.3
4.1 4.4 4.0 4.0 3.2 2.0
4.4 4.7 4.3 4.4 3.0 2.1
Leather and allied products ................ Paper and paper products .................. Printing and related support ............... Petroleum and coal products .............. Chemicals ...........................................
4.0 4.9 3.6 6.2 4.9
4.6 5.1 3.4 6.3 5.1
4.9 5.5 3.7 6.3 5.3
5.3 5.6 3.9 6.2 5.3
4.9 5.9 4.3 6.6 5.6
4.0 5.5 3.8 6.3 5.6
4.0 5.7 3.8 6.4 5.7
4.7 6.0 4.2 6.4 5.8
4.7 5.8 3.9 6.8 5.6
4.1 5.9 3.6 6.6 5.2
4.6 5.7 3.7 6.5 5.0
2.2 4.9 3.4 7.9 4.6
2.9 5.1 3.4 7.0 4.7
2.7 5.1 3.2 8.3 4.5
2.2 5.4 3.4 8.2 4.9
Plastics and rubber products ..............
3.4
3.4
3.9
4.2
4.5
3.9
4.0
4.3
4.2
4.2
3.9
3.6
3.9
3.9
4.2
198
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 2-16. Average Weekly Overtime Hours of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by Industry, SIC Basis, 1956–1989 (Number.) Durable goods
Year
Total manufacturing
Total
Stone, Lumber Furniture clay, and and wood and glass products fixtures products
Total
Blast Industrial Electronic furnaces Fabricated machinery and other and basic metal and electrical products steel equipment equipment products
Total
Motor vehicles and equipment
InstruMiscellaments neous and manufacrelated turing products
1956 1957 1958 1959
............................................. ............................................. ............................................. .............................................
2.8 2.3 2.0 2.7
3.0 2.4 1.9 2.7
2.6 2.2 2.3 3.2
2.3 1.9 2.0 2.8
3.3 2.8 2.8 3.6
2.8 2.0 1.4 2.6
... ... 0.9 2.2
3.1 2.8 2.1 2.8
3.9 2.8 1.8 2.9
... ... ... ...
3.1 2.5 2.1 2.6
... ... 2.3 3.1
... ... ... ...
2.8 2.4 1.9 2.4
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
............................................. ............................................. ............................................. ............................................. .............................................
2.5 2.4 2.8 2.8 3.1
2.4 2.4 2.8 3.0 3.3
2.9 2.9 3.2 3.3 3.4
2.5 2.4 2.9 3.0 3.2
3.1 3.2 3.4 3.7 3.9
1.8 1.9 2.2 2.7 3.2
1.3 1.3 1.4 1.9 2.4
2.6 2.4 2.9 3.0 3.4
2.7 2.5 3.1 3.2 3.9
... ... ... ... ...
2.7 2.5 3.5 3.6 3.9
3.2 2.6 4.1 4.4 5.0
... ... ... ... ...
2.1 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.4
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
............................................. ............................................. ............................................. ............................................. .............................................
3.6 3.9 3.4 3.6 3.6
3.9 4.3 3.5 3.8 3.8
3.8 4.0 3.6 3.9 3.8
3.6 3.8 3.0 3.4 3.3
4.2 4.5 4.2 4.5 4.8
3.8 4.0 3.2 3.8 4.1
2.8 2.7 2.1 2.9 3.2
4.0 4.5 3.8 4.1 4.2
4.6 5.5 4.4 4.0 4.5
... ... ... ... ...
4.8 4.7 3.7 4.6 3.8
6.2 4.9 3.4 5.8 4.2
... ... ... ... ...
2.7 3.0 2.6 2.5 2.6
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
............................................. ............................................. ............................................. ............................................. .............................................
3.0 2.9 3.5 3.8 3.3
3.0 2.9 3.6 4.1 3.4
3.3 3.6 4.0 3.9 3.3
2.3 2.6 3.1 3.1 2.4
4.2 4.5 4.8 5.0 4.4
3.0 3.0 3.6 4.5 3.9
2.3 2.3 2.6 3.5 3.1
3.3 2.8 3.5 4.1 3.5
3.2 2.6 3.8 4.8 4.2
... ... ... ... ...
2.9 3.1 4.3 4.9 3.4
3.2 3.6 5.3 6.1 3.5
... ... ... ... ...
2.2 2.2 2.7 2.6 2.2
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
............................................. ............................................. ............................................. ............................................. .............................................
2.6 3.1 3.5 3.6 3.3
2.6 3.2 3.7 3.8 3.5
2.9 3.5 3.7 3.7 3.5
1.8 2.0 2.4 2.7 2.2
3.7 4.1 4.6 4.8 4.5
2.6 3.3 3.7 4.2 3.9
1.9 2.5 2.8 3.5 3.4
2.6 3.2 3.6 3.8 3.4
2.9 3.3 4.0 4.3 4.0
... ... ... ... ...
2.8 4.2 5.0 5.0 4.2
2.6 5.4 6.4 6.1 4.4
... ... ... ... ...
1.9 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.2
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
............................................. ............................................. ............................................. ............................................. .............................................
2.8 2.8 2.3 3.0 3.4
2.8 2.8 2.2 3.0 3.6
2.8 2.6 2.3 3.1 3.2
1.7 1.8 1.5 2.3 2.5
3.8 3.8 3.5 4.1 4.8
2.8 3.0 2.0 3.0 3.9
2.2 2.7 1.5 2.3 3.1
2.8 2.7 2.0 2.9 3.6
3.4 3.2 2.2 2.7 3.7
... ... ... ... ...
3.2 3.2 2.7 3.9 4.7
2.6 3.0 2.5 4.8 5.6
... ... ... ... ...
1.9 1.9 1.6 2.0 2.2
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
............................................. ............................................. ............................................. ............................................. .............................................
3.3 3.4 3.7 3.9 3.8
3.5 3.5 3.8 4.1 3.9
3.2 3.5 3.8 3.6 3.5
2.4 2.6 2.8 2.7 2.7
4.8 4.9 5.1 5.2 5.1
3.8 4.1 4.9 5.5 5.2
3.2 3.8 5.0 5.8 5.5
3.5 3.5 3.8 4.1 3.9
3.4 3.4 4.0 4.4 4.3
... ... ... 3.4 3.2
4.8 4.3 4.2 4.7 4.6
5.4 4.4 4.3 5.2 4.7
... ... ... 3.0 2.8
2.2 2.4 2.6 2.5 2.5
. . . = Not available.
EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
199
Table 2-16. Average Weekly Overtime Hours of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by Industry, SIC Basis, 1956–1989—Continued (Number.) Nondurable goods
Year Total
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Rubber and Paper and Printing Chemicals Petroleum miscellaneous allied and and allied and coal plastics products publishing products products products
Leather and leather products
1956 1957 1958 1959
........................................................................... ........................................................................... ........................................................................... ...........................................................................
2.4 2.3 2.2 2.7
3.1 2.9 3.1 3.3
1.3 1.4 1.3 1.2
2.6 2.2 2.1 3.1
1.0 1.0 1.0 1.3
4.5 4.2 3.9 4.5
3.1 2.9 2.5 2.8
2.1 2.0 1.9 2.5
2.2 2.0 1.8 2.0
2.2 2.2 2.0 3.5
1.4 1.3 1.1 1.4
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
........................................................................... ........................................................................... ........................................................................... ........................................................................... ...........................................................................
2.5 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.9
3.3 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.6
1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.6
2.6 2.7 3.2 3.2 3.6
1.2 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.3
4.1 4.2 4.4 4.5 4.7
2.9 2.7 2.8 2.7 2.9
2.3 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.7
2.0 2.0 2.3 2.3 2.5
2.4 2.7 3.1 3.0 3.5
1.2 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.7
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
........................................................................... ........................................................................... ........................................................................... ........................................................................... ...........................................................................
3.2 3.4 3.1 3.3 3.4
3.8 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.2
1.1 1.4 1.8 1.8 1.4
4.2 4.4 3.7 4.1 3.9
1.4 1.5 1.3 1.4 1.3
5.0 5.5 5.0 5.3 5.5
3.1 3.5 3.2 3.1 3.4
3.0 3.3 3.0 3.3 3.4
2.8 3.2 3.5 3.6 3.9
4.1 4.4 4.0 4.2 4.2
1.8 2.1 1.9 2.1 1.8
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
........................................................................... ........................................................................... ........................................................................... ........................................................................... ...........................................................................
3.0 3.0 3.3 3.4 3.0
4.0 3.8 4.0 4.1 4.1
1.7 1.7 1.6 2.4 2.1
3.3 3.8 4.5 4.4 3.3
1.1 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.2
4.6 4.6 4.9 5.2 4.6
2.8 2.6 2.9 3.0 2.7
3.1 3.1 3.2 3.5 3.3
3.8 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.9
3.4 3.3 4.0 4.3 3.5
1.7 1.9 2.3 2.1 1.8
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
........................................................................... ........................................................................... ........................................................................... ........................................................................... ...........................................................................
2.7 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.1
3.9 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.0
2.0 1.3 1.9 2.1 1.3
3.1 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.5
1.2 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.0
4.0 4.8 4.8 5.1 4.8
2.2 2.5 2.8 3.0 2.8
2.7 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.5
3.0 3.5 4.0 4.3 4.3
2.9 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.1
1.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.4
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
........................................................................... ........................................................................... ........................................................................... ........................................................................... ...........................................................................
2.8 2.8 2.5 3.0 3.1
3.8 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.8
1.7 2.0 1.4 1.2 1.4
3.2 3.0 2.2 3.5 3.2
1.0 1.1 1.0 1.3 1.4
4.3 4.5 4.1 4.6 4.9
2.5 2.4 2.3 2.6 2.8
3.1 3.3 2.8 3.1 3.4
3.7 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.2
2.7 3.1 2.7 3.5 3.9
1.5 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.4
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
........................................................................... ........................................................................... ........................................................................... ........................................................................... ...........................................................................
3.1 3.3 3.6 3.6 3.6
3.8 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.4
1.1 1.4 2.8 2.6 2.1
3.2 4.0 4.4 4.0 4.0
1.4 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.9
4.7 4.8 5.2 5.0 4.5
2.7 2.9 3.1 3.1 3.0
3.3 3.6 4.0 4.1 4.2
4.2 4.5 5.0 5.5 5.8
3.6 3.8 4.1 4.1 3.8
1.5 1.5 2.2 2.0 2.0
Note: Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959.
200
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 2-17. Indexes of Aggregate Weekly Hours of Production or Nonsupervisory Workers on Private Nonfarm Payrolls by Super Sector, NAICS Basis, 1990–2004 (2002 = 100.) Industry
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
TOTAL PRIVATE .......................................
84.4
82.6
83.1
85.5
89.2
91.6
93.8
97.1
99.4
101.5
103.6
102.1
100.0
98.7
100.3
Goods–Producing ................................ Natural resources and mining ............ Construction ....................................... Manufacturing .....................................
106.1 128.6 78.8 117.7
100.1 123.8 70.1 112.8
98.7 113.3 67.5 112.4
100.8 110.3 71.3 113.9
105.6 111.0 77.3 118.3
106.8 110.2 79.9 119.0
108.1 112.7 84.3 118.8
111.2 117.6 88.6 121.4
112.3 112.8 93.4 121.0
112.6 102.9 99.7 118.9
113.1 105.1 104.0 117.7
106.6 108.3 103.2 108.1
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
95.8 97.4 98.4 94.5
96.8 104.1 101.5 94.4
Private Service–Providing ................... Trade, transportation, and utilities ...... Wholesale trade ............................. Retail trade ..................................... Transportation and warehousing .... Utilities ............................................ Information ......................................... Financial activities .............................. Professional and business services ... Educational and health services ......... Leisure and hospitality ........................ Other services ....................................
78.3 89.5 94.9 87.5 83.5 124.3 76.2 84.5 68.1 67.2 78.9 81.8
77.8 87.4 93.3 84.8 82.4 123.5 76.1 83.3 66.7 70.2 77.3 81.2
78.8 87.3 92.4 85.1 82.7 121.6 76.5 83.5 68.4 72.9 79.3 80.6
81.2 89.0 92.4 86.3 88.4 119.9 78.0 85.9 71.9 75.4 82.2 82.8
84.6 92.7 95.8 89.8 93.8 117.1 79.2 88.0 77.0 78.3 85.6 84.5
87.3 95.1 99.2 92.3 95.6 112.9 82.5 87.8 81.2 81.2 88.5 87.1
89.7 96.6 100.7 93.7 98.3 108.6 86.9 89.8 85.2 83.4 90.8 89.1
93.1 98.8 103.4 95.9 101.0 106.1 90.4 92.6 91.5 86.7 93.4 91.9
95.8 100.3 104.8 97.2 102.7 105.8 92.6 96.5 96.7 88.9 95.5 94.3
98.4 101.9 106.2 99.5 103.2 105.0 98.5 98.0 101.7 90.6 97.9 96.3
101.0 103.5 107.1 101.3 105.6 104.2 104.9 98.5 106.6 92.8 100.6 97.8
100.8 101.5 102.9 100.5 102.8 102.4 106.6 99.5 104.0 96.6 100.7 99.1
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
99.5 98.6 98.0 98.9 98.8 97.4 97.0 101.5 98.7 101.4 100.1 97.5
101.2 99.4 98.7 99.3 101.9 95.3 99.0 102.1 101.9 103.3 102.9 96.5
EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
201
Table 2-18. Indexes of Aggregate Weekly Hours of Production or Nonsupervisory Workers on Private Nonfarm Payrolls by Industry, SIC Basis, 1947–1989 (1982 = 100.) Goods–producing
Year
Total private
Service–producing Manufacturing
Total
Mining
Construction
Total
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Total
Transportation and Wholesale trade public utilities
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
1947 ...................................................... 1948 ...................................................... 1949 ......................................................
... ... ...
98.0 97.8 88.2
101.4 101.9 86.8
62.0 67.6 66.7
105.8 104.2 93.0
99.2 97.4 84.0
114.9 113.8 105.6
... ... ...
... ... ...
56.8 59.5 59.0
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
... ... ... ... ...
96.1 103.7 103.9 107.3 96.8
88.3 91.9 88.2 84.8 75.5
71.3 81.0 83.3 80.5 78.2
102.2 109.6 109.6 114.8 102.4
96.0 108.0 108.9 116.9 100.5
110.8 111.7 110.6 112.0 105.3
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
59.7 61.7 63.3 63.7 63.1
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
... ... ... ... ...
103.0 104.7 101.1 90.9 97.8
78.9 81.5 79.6 67.9 68.1
83.4 90.2 86.6 80.8 86.7
109.0 109.5 105.9 94.8 102.3
108.5 109.5 105.8 90.4 99.6
109.8 109.5 106.0 100.9 106.1
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
64.4 65.9 65.4 63.6 66.4
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
... ... ... ... 75.8
95.8 92.4 96.3 97.4 99.7
65.7 61.5 59.8 59.1 59.4
83.2 81.4 83.9 86.8 89.1
100.7 97.0 101.6 102.4 104.9
98.1 92.8 98.8 100.6 104.1
104.4 103.0 105.6 105.0 106.1
... ... ... ... 65.1
... ... ... ... 87.7
67.3 66.8 68.1 68.8 70.6
... ... ... ... 73.2
... ... ... ... 60.4
... ... ... ... 51.9
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
79.1 82.5 82.9 84.9 87.7
105.6 112.0 109.8 111.7 114.5
59.6 59.3 57.0 56.0 57.9
93.4 96.3 93.8 95.6 103.6
111.5 119.2 117.1 119.2 121.0
112.7 122.7 119.8 121.7 124.2
109.9 114.4 113.3 115.7 116.5
67.3 69.3 70.8 72.8 75.7
89.9 91.7 92.1 93.4 96.3
73.3 75.7 76.5 77.7 80.6
75.9 77.6 78.3 80.1 82.6
61.4 62.8 64.8 67.8 71.6
54.0 56.4 58.9 61.3 64.2
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
86.3 85.8 89.2 93.2 93.2
107.8 105.0 110.5 116.9 113.7
57.6 54.9 57.8 58.8 63.4
101.3 103.6 107.9 113.7 109.5
112.8 108.8 114.8 121.7 118.1
113.0 107.4 115.4 125.8 122.4
112.4 110.8 114.1 116.0 112.1
76.7 77.2 79.6 82.5 84.0
96.9 95.1 97.3 99.9 100.4
81.7 80.4 82.5 85.6 87.6
83.4 85.3 88.2 90.9 91.0
73.0 74.3 76.5 78.9 79.8
65.3 65.6 68.0 71.3 73.9
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
88.8 92.3 96.0 100.7 104.0
99.9 105.4 110.3 116.5 119.9
68.3 71.5 76.5 79.0 88.2
92.7 94.0 100.2 112.2 119.9
103.8 110.3 115.0 120.1 122.1
104.9 111.9 118.4 125.9 129.1
102.1 108.1 110.2 112.0 112.3
83.9 86.4 89.5 93.6 96.9
94.6 95.5 97.9 101.3 104.9
86.4 89.1 92.5 97.7 102.0
90.6 93.9 96.5 100.0 101.5
79.9 81.5 85.4 90.3 94.4
76.0 78.8 82.0 86.3 90.2
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
102.8 104.1 100.0 101.5 107.7
112.9 111.6 100.0 100.5 109.0
94.1 104.8 100.0 81.5 84.9
115.1 109.3 100.0 102.2 116.8
113.8 112.5 100.0 101.4 109.0
117.8 116.1 100.0 100.7 111.5
108.1 107.6 100.0 102.4 105.5
98.3 100.8 100.0 102.0 107.1
104.1 103.3 100.0 97.3 102.8
101.9 103.3 100.0 99.9 105.3
100.1 100.6 100.0 102.7 108.2
97.8 105.5 100.0 101.6 106.4
94.3 98.2 100.0 103.6 108.2
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
110.5 112.3 115.6 119.3 122.1
108.7 107.3 109.0 111.4 111.7
81.4 65.7 61.8 61.7 60.5
125.3 128.2 132.7 136.9 138.9
106.9 105.7 107.0 109.3 109.3
109.5 106.8 107.4 110.5 110.1
103.4 104.2 106.6 107.7 108.2
111.3 114.6 118.5 122.8 126.8
104.6 104.0 106.5 108.2 111.1
108.4 108.5 109.4 113.3 116.1
111.7 114.3 117.9 121.0 122.9
110.9 116.7 120.1 119.2 119.5
114.0 119.2 124.9 132.2 139.3
Note: Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. . . . = Not available.
202
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 2-19. Indexes of Aggregate Weekly Hours of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by Industry, NAICS Basis, 1990–2004 (2002 = 100.) Industry
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
DURABLE GOODS Total .................................................... Wood products ................................. Nonmetallic mineral products .......... Primary metals ................................. Fabricated metal products ............... Machinery ........................................
114.2 101.5 100.8 131.5 104.7 123.9
107.6 92.6 92.8 122.9 99.1 116.3
106.4 95.2 92.6 120.8 97.3 113.9
108.2 100.5 94.2 121.4 99.7 118.6
114.2 109.1 98.8 128.0 106.3 127.0
116.3 109.3 99.7 129.3 109.9 132.3
117.5 111.6 101.5 129.9 111.6 133.8
121.6 114.8 103.2 132.3 116.6 139.0
122.0 117.5 105.8 131.1 118.6 137.4
120.6 118.6 106.9 128.4 116.7 129.9
120.4 115.8 109.1 128.9 119.1 127.6
109.3 105.0 106.1 113.0 109.3 114.1
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
94.3 97.8 94.3 93.4 95.3 93.6
95.1 100.6 97.9 93.2 97.8 95.9
Computer and electronic products ... Electrical equipment and appliances ................................... Transportation equipment ................ Furniture and related products ......... Miscellaneous manufacturing ..........
137.2
128.1
122.9
121.1
123.5
127.1
129.9
136.8
136.7
131.1
133.0
117.9
100.0
92.1
90.0
136.0 111.1 97.2 104.0
128.0 105.8 89.5 103.8
125.9 104.4 92.1 105.2
126.8 105.5 95.3 106.9
132.5 112.6 100.5 108.2
130.3 115.4 99.3 107.7
129.4 116.4 98.3 107.7
127.7 120.7 102.9 110.0
127.8 118.7 108.5 110.3
128.3 119.5 112.6 110.3
127.8 116.4 114.8 109.5
113.4 105.3 104.8 104.8
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
92.0 95.4 93.0 93.6
89.1 96.3 94.1 91.8
Total .................................................... Food manufacturing ......................... Beverage and tobacco products ...... Textile mills ...................................... Textile product mills ......................... Apparel ............................................
123.0 96.2 96.9 170.4 110.3 267.4
120.8 96.6 96.4 168.4 104.5 264.2
121.7 97.3 95.4 170.3 106.0 267.5
122.6 98.7 95.6 170.8 110.6 259.4
124.7 100.5 98.7 171.6 116.6 252.6
123.1 101.6 97.9 163.5 114.4 235.4
120.5 101.8 101.4 154.1 112.8 211.9
120.9 102.6 103.1 155.2 114.8 201.4
119.4 103.4 104.9 148.9 114.1 181.2
116.1 103.8 104.7 139.1 113.5 154.7
113.3 103.5 104.2 132.4 111.1 137.4
106.0 101.5 100.3 112.2 105.0 117.1
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
94.7 98.4 88.4 86.3 92.9 81.9
93.0 97.4 88.7 79.5 92.0 75.0
Leather and allied products ............. Paper and paper products ............... Printing and related support ............. Petroleum and coal products ........... Chemicals ........................................
290.0 121.8 122.3 128.9 118.2
268.9 120.6 118.7 127.5 115.0
263.5 121.7 118.4 126.0 112.9
259.1 121.9 120.3 122.0 113.4
246.9 123.5 123.8 120.0 115.1
221.8 121.4 123.9 115.5 115.4
197.5 120.1 122.8 113.5 114.7
187.1 121.5 124.6 112.7 114.6
166.6 119.5 124.3 113.4 115.4
148.3 117.1 120.9 107.6 113.1
138.4 113.4 119.4 105.8 110.4
113.3 106.6 111.5 105.6 104.7
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
91.3 92.4 95.3 98.7 98.9
85.9 89.9 93.7 103.6 98.9
Plastics and rubber products ...........
97.7
94.2
98.1
102.4
108.8
109.9
110.1
112.7
113.8
114.6
114.3
105.0
100.0
95.2
94.3
NONDURABLE GOODS
203
EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
Table 2-20. Indexes of Aggregate Weekly Hours of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by Industry, SIC Basis, 1947–1989 (1982 = 100.) Durable goods Primary metal industries Year Total
1947 ...................................................... 1948 ...................................................... 1949 ......................................................
Lumber Stone, Furniture and clay, and and wood glass fixtures products products
Total
Transportation equipment
Industrial Electronic Blast Fabricated machinery and other metal furnaces and electrical and products equipment equipment basic steel products
Total
Motor vehicles and equipment
InstruMiscellaments neous and manufacrelated turing products industries
99.2 97.4 84.0
173.6 167.0 146.9
92.0 93.3 82.0
110.4 111.7 100.4
161.7 163.5 135.0
201.2 210.8 180.8
89.1 87.0 74.9
83.9 82.4 66.3
... ... ...
94.3 92.6 88.3
120.4 119.5 117.7
... ... ...
140.1 139.1 121.9
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
96.0 108.0 108.9 116.9 100.5
162.4 167.4 158.2 152.8 139.1
99.2 94.5 94.7 96.7 86.3
111.1 120.2 112.7 115.3 107.6
159.7 177.4 160.7 174.6 143.5
210.1 227.4 194.4 225.7 185.5
88.8 98.4 97.7 107.8 94.1
72.5 91.4 93.1 93.6 79.5
... ... ... ... ...
97.4 115.6 130.8 151.5 127.4
137.5 132.9 123.8 149.9 120.5
... ... ... ... ...
131.8 132.1 127.3 136.0 121.6
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
108.5 109.5 105.8 90.4 99.6
147.5 143.1 126.3 118.9 132.0
95.1 96.1 93.5 87.9 97.7
117.5 119.2 113.9 104.8 117.0
167.3 168.7 161.0 129.1 140.2
219.8 216.3 210.7 163.7 169.3
100.9 100.2 100.6 88.5 95.6
83.7 91.4 87.5 70.2 79.4
... ... ... ... ...
138.7 130.8 131.7 104.4 111.4
151.2 123.1 118.7 86.8 106.5
... ... ... ... ...
125.2 125.4 117.6 110.5 117.6
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
98.1 92.8 98.8 100.6 104.1
123.1 115.2 118.5 120.2 122.8
95.4 90.9 97.5 99.2 103.8
114.1 109.3 112.0 114.6 117.9
141.4 132.0 137.4 141.7 153.0
181.1 166.9 167.5 172.7 190.6
95.0 90.2 96.5 99.2 102.8
79.2 74.5 80.7 82.5 88.5
... ... ... ... ...
106.8 96.4 106.6 111.2 111.5
111.4 92.8 110.0 118.5 120.3
... ... ... ... ...
116.4 113.0 117.1 115.7 118.3
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
112.7 122.7 119.8 121.7 124.2
125.3 126.9 121.5 124.8 126.5
111.1 118.8 113.5 118.6 121.5
121.2 124.4 119.1 121.9 126.4
163.2 168.4 158.1 158.1 165.1
199.1 195.2 184.0 186.1 190.5
110.8 122.1 124.2 128.8 132.6
97.6 109.6 108.5 105.2 109.4
... ... ... ... ...
125.0 136.7 133.2 141.7 138.5
140.5 138.4 123.4 141.6 142.4
... ... ... ... ...
126.0 130.3 125.6 126.1 126.5
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
113.0 107.4 115.4 125.8 122.4
117.9 123.8 136.1 140.6 128.2
111.6 114.0 126.6 132.0 123.4
120.9 122.2 131.1 138.4 134.5
152.9 140.5 146.3 161.8 162.4
179.5 161.5 165.1 181.5 180.7
120.3 113.2 121.9 131.8 127.4
101.2 89.5 97.8 111.8 116.1
... ... ... ... ...
114.1 112.6 118.4 129.1 117.9
117.7 130.3 140.5 158.5 134.9
... ... ... ... ...
119.8 116.2 126.2 130.9 128.8
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
104.9 111.9 118.4 125.9 129.1
107.8 123.5 132.0 138.3 138.6
100.7 111.0 117.2 125.6 123.5
115.6 120.8 125.9 132.1 132.8
134.3 140.0 144.2 151.3 154.8
151.8 155.6 157.2 164.6 167.0
108.4 115.3 121.9 129.3 131.4
101.6 102.6 109.8 119.4 126.9
... ... ... ... ...
106.8 117.9 125.6 133.6 134.1
117.3 141.2 156.0 163.3 151.8
... ... ... ... ...
112.5 120.1 122.2 125.9 123.8
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
117.8 116.1 100.0 100.7 111.5
119.9 115.1 100.0 117.7 126.3
112.4 112.7 100.0 110.3 121.6
119.8 114.1 100.0 103.2 109.5
133.4 132.5 100.0 95.2 102.9
139.8 141.9 100.0 90.8 93.7
119.8 117.1 100.0 100.3 111.0
122.1 120.2 100.0 90.1 103.8
... ... ... ... ...
114.6 114.2 100.0 105.7 118.9
111.0 115.7 100.0 118.9 140.2
... ... ... ... ...
113.9 110.5 100.0 98.1 102.9
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
109.5 106.8 107.4 110.5 110.1
124.9 129.2 134.9 135.6 132.6
121.9 124.2 129.5 130.1 129.6
108.1 108.7 109.7 113.3 113.5
96.1 89.8 91.8 97.2 96.0
85.3 78.2 79.0 85.1 83.9
111.2 107.8 107.1 110.5 110.6
101.0 94.7 93.8 98.8 100.3
... ... ... 113.1 111.5
122.7 123.3 124.3 125.8 125.3
143.6 137.7 137.2 140.0 138.0
... ... ... 89.9 89.6
97.8 97.5 99.9 103.5 103.0
Note: Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. . . . = Not available.
204
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 2-20. Indexes of Aggregate Weekly Hours of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by Industry, SIC Basis, 1947–1989—Continued (1982 = 100.) Nondurable goods
Year Total
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Rubber and Paper and Printing Chemicals Petroleum miscellaneous allied and and allied and coal plastics products publishing products products products
Leather and leather products
1947 ...................................................... 1948 ...................................................... 1949 ......................................................
114.9 113.8 105.6
136.0 131.3 126.6
212.3 202.2 186.4
200.9 203.3 172.6
110.6 112.7 109.4
84.8 84.6 78.6
75.6 75.0 73.1
82.2 81.6 74.7
131.0 135.3 129.7
52.6 50.0 43.8
221.8 211.2 195.8
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
110.8 111.7 110.6 112.0 105.3
125.7 127.1 125.7 124.5 120.7
178.9 182.8 184.8 180.5 177.2
192.5 184.8 174.5 172.9 151.7
114.0 113.0 115.8 118.2 109.1
87.1 90.9 87.5 92.3 90.4
74.2 75.8 76.6 78.5 78.0
77.6 84.7 84.6 87.6 83.9
127.7 133.9 130.0 134.0 129.1
51.7 55.2 55.0 57.8 51.1
205.0 193.1 203.0 202.2 188.4
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
109.8 109.5 106.0 100.9 106.1
120.8 121.2 116.3 112.3 112.8
180.7 173.0 162.2 162.7 162.2
160.3 155.6 144.3 133.7 144.1
115.9 114.9 112.4 107.2 116.3
94.6 96.3 94.9 92.1 97.7
81.0 84.0 83.9 82.6 85.4
87.0 88.2 86.7 82.1 85.6
127.0 125.6 121.6 114.3 109.5
59.8 58.5 58.4 51.6 59.4
200.0 196.9 190.4 179.3 193.6
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
104.4 103.0 105.6 105.0 106.1
111.5 109.8 108.8 107.8 107.0
157.6 153.7 150.4 146.5 150.8
137.1 133.4 137.0 133.8 136.1
114.3 112.1 119.4 120.7 122.1
97.9 98.4 100.2 100.7 101.3
87.4 87.3 87.9 87.2 89.4
86.0 85.3 88.1 89.2 89.9
107.7 101.9 99.2 94.9 90.9
58.0 57.5 63.7 64.8 68.2
181.9 181.6 184.4 177.2 177.7
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
109.9 114.4 113.3 115.7 116.5
107.4 109.5 109.4 109.5 110.5
140.3 138.2 141.0 134.8 128.8
143.4 149.5 144.4 150.6 150.0
128.7 133.2 130.8 131.3 130.5
104.0 109.0 109.1 111.4 114.6
92.4 96.8 97.9 98.5 100.9
93.5 98.6 100.6 104.1 106.2
90.6 92.4 93.0 95.4 90.9
75.0 81.3 79.7 87.0 91.6
182.0 188.8 178.0 180.0 168.1
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
112.4 110.8 114.1 116.0 112.1
110.2 109.3 108.7 106.3 106.0
129.2 118.7 115.9 124.0 120.9
141.8 141.3 148.9 150.7 138.5
123.9 122.9 127.8 131.7 121.3
110.2 106.4 110.3 112.7 111.2
98.9 95.3 96.5 97.4 95.5
102.5 99.8 100.9 104.2 105.7
96.2 100.9 101.5 99.9 100.9
86.3 87.5 97.8 107.9 105.8
156.4 148.7 150.7 142.3 131.8
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
102.1 108.1 110.2 112.0 112.3
101.8 104.4 104.6 105.1 107.0
118.1 118.2 106.8 106.1 104.4
122.9 133.3 132.9 131.6 129.3
110.2 119.3 117.9 119.5 115.6
96.8 104.7 107.6 109.0 110.5
88.9 90.3 94.1 97.5 101.0
97.1 102.0 105.0 107.4 108.3
96.3 102.3 106.6 112.2 114.0
89.0 96.1 109.2 115.3 118.2
121.3 130.6 123.9 125.5 117.1
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
108.1 107.6 100.0 102.4 105.5
105.1 102.8 100.0 99.1 100.3
101.2 105.1 100.0 96.3 93.5
122.7 117.3 100.0 107.4 107.0
112.2 111.0 100.0 104.5 107.2
106.9 106.8 100.0 102.1 106.8
100.1 100.6 100.0 103.3 110.9
106.0 106.8 100.0 98.3 99.8
99.1 110.0 100.0 98.4 92.5
106.7 109.0 100.0 107.2 119.6
110.7 113.6 100.0 96.8 89.3
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
103.4 104.2 106.6 107.7 108.2
100.6 101.7 103.7 105.0 107.8
88.4 81.6 80.1 80.1 70.6
100.1 103.8 109.4 107.7 105.6
100.7 99.7 100.1 99.0 98.3
106.8 106.9 108.5 108.9 109.9
114.9 119.6 123.2 126.7 126.2
98.9 97.3 99.3 102.9 104.5
88.7 88.1 89.4 88.1 85.7
117.6 119.6 123.1 127.3 129.6
78.1 69.5 70.3 67.9 66.4
Note: Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959.
EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
205
EARNINGS
Average Weekly Earnings of Production or Nonsupervisory Workers on Total Private Nonfarm Payrolls, in Current and Constant Dollars, 1994–2004 600
Dollars
500 400 300 200 100 0 1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Year Current dollars
Constant dollars
While average weekly earnings of production and non-supervisory workers rose 2.2 percent in 2004, real earnings actually declined slightly as consumer prices rose 2.7 percent. Real earnings have been virtually flat since 1999. (Table 2-25)
OTHER HIGHLIGHTS: • Real earnings remained flat or declined in almost all major industry sectors in 2004. This was true for construction, which showed a significant increase in employment. Natural resources and mining was the only major industry in which real earnings increased by more than 2 percent; however, this industry has seen a 1.5 percent decrease in its overall real earnings since 1999. Educational and health services have experienced the largest increase, 7.4 percent, over the past 5 years. (Table 2-25) • Although Michigan and Washington state had among the highest average hourly earnings for manufacturing production workers in 2004, they suffered from higher than average unemployment. (Table 2-36) • Average weekly earnings for production and nonsupervisory workers ranged from $228.63 in leisure and hospitality to $1048.52 in utilities. The average for all private industries was $528.56, with workers in goods-producing industries earning nearly 40 percent more than those in service-providing industries. (Table 2-25)
206
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 2-21. Average Hourly Earnings of Production or Nonsupervisory Workers on Private Nonfarm Payrolls by Super Sector, NAICS Basis, 1990–2004 (Dollars.) Industry
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
TOTAL PRIVATE .......................................
10.19
10.50
10.76
11.03
11.32
11.64
12.03
12.49
13.00
13.47
14.00
14.53
14.95
15.35
15.67
Goods–Producing ................................ Natural resources and mining ............ Construction ....................................... Manufacturing .....................................
11.46 13.40 13.42 10.78
11.76 13.82 13.65 11.13
11.99 14.09 13.81 11.40
12.28 14.12 14.04 11.70
12.63 14.41 14.38 12.04
12.96 14.78 14.73 12.34
13.38 15.10 15.11 12.75
13.82 15.57 15.67 13.14
14.23 16.20 16.23 13.45
14.71 16.33 16.80 13.85
15.27 16.55 17.48 14.32
15.78 17.00 18.00 14.76
16.33 17.19 18.52 15.29
16.80 17.56 18.95 15.74
17.19 18.08 19.23 16.14
Private Service–Providing ................... Trade, transportation, and utilities ...... Wholesale trade ............................. Retail trade ..................................... Transportation and warehousing .... Utilities ............................................ Information ......................................... Financial activities .............................. Professional and business services ... Educational and health services ......... Leisure and hospitality ........................ Other services ....................................
9.71 9.83 11.58 7.71 12.50 16.14 13.40 9.99 11.14 10.00 5.88 9.08
10.05 10.08 11.95 7.89 12.61 16.70 13.90 10.42 11.50 10.49 6.06 9.39
10.33 10.30 12.21 8.12 12.77 17.17 14.29 10.86 11.78 10.87 6.20 9.66
10.60 10.55 12.57 8.36 12.71 17.95 14.86 11.36 11.96 11.21 6.32 9.90
10.87 10.80 12.93 8.61 12.84 18.66 15.32 11.82 12.15 11.50 6.46 10.18
11.19 11.10 13.34 8.85 13.18 19.19 15.68 12.28 12.53 11.80 6.62 10.51
11.57 11.46 13.80 9.21 13.45 19.78 16.30 12.71 13.00 12.17 6.82 10.85
12.05 11.90 14.41 9.59 13.78 20.59 17.14 13.22 13.57 12.56 7.13 11.29
12.59 12.39 15.07 10.05 14.12 21.48 17.67 13.93 14.27 13.00 7.48 11.79
13.07 12.82 15.62 10.45 14.55 22.03 18.40 14.47 14.85 13.44 7.76 12.26
13.60 13.31 16.28 10.86 15.05 22.75 19.07 14.98 15.52 13.95 8.11 12.73
14.16 13.70 16.77 11.29 15.33 23.58 19.80 15.59 16.33 14.64 8.35 13.27
14.56 14.02 16.98 11.67 15.76 23.96 20.20 16.17 16.81 15.21 8.58 13.72
14.96 14.34 17.36 11.90 16.25 24.77 21.01 17.14 17.21 15.64 8.76 13.84
15.26 14.59 17.66 12.08 16.53 25.62 21.42 17.53 17.46 16.16 8.91 13.98
EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
207
Table 2-22. Average Hourly Earnings of Production or Nonsupervisory Workers on Private Nonfarm Payrolls by Industry, SIC Basis, 1947–1989 (Dollars.) Manufacturing Year
Total private
Mining
Construction Total
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
1947 ...................................................... 1948 ...................................................... 1949 ......................................................
1.13 1.23 1.28
1.47 1.66 1.72
1.54 1.71 1.79
1.22 1.33 1.38
1.28 1.39 1.45
1.15 1.25 1.30
... ... ...
1.22 1.31 1.36
0.84 0.90 0.95
1.14 1.20 1.26
... ... ...
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1.34 1.45 1.52 1.61 1.65
1.77 1.93 2.01 2.14 2.14
1.86 2.02 2.13 2.28 2.38
1.44 1.56 1.64 1.74 1.78
1.45 1.65 1.74 1.85 1.89
1.30 1.45 1.51 1.58 1.62
... ... ... ... ...
1.36 1.52 1.61 1.69 1.76
0.98 1.06 1.09 1.16 1.20
1.26 1.45 1.51 1.58 1.65
... ... ... ... ...
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1.71 1.80 1.89 1.95 2.02
2.20 2.33 2.45 2.47 2.56
2.45 2.57 2.71 2.82 2.93
1.85 1.95 2.04 2.10 2.19
1.98 2.08 2.18 2.25 2.35
1.68 1.77 1.85 1.92 1.98
... ... ... ... ...
1.83 1.93 2.02 2.09 2.18
1.25 1.30 1.37 1.42 1.47
1.70 1.78 1.84 1.89 1.95
... ... ... ... ...
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
2.09 2.14 2.22 2.28 2.36
2.60 2.64 2.70 2.75 2.81
3.07 3.20 3.31 3.41 3.55
2.26 2.32 2.39 2.45 2.53
2.42 2.48 2.55 2.63 2.70
2.05 2.11 2.17 2.22 2.29
... ... ... ... 2.89
2.24 2.31 2.37 2.45 2.52
1.52 1.56 1.63 1.68 1.75
2.02 2.09 2.17 2.25 2.30
... ... ... ... 1.94
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
2.46 2.56 2.68 2.85 3.04
2.92 3.05 3.19 3.35 3.60
3.70 3.89 4.11 4.41 4.79
2.61 2.71 2.82 3.01 3.19
2.78 2.89 2.99 3.18 3.38
2.36 2.45 2.57 2.74 2.91
3.03 3.11 3.23 3.42 3.63
2.60 2.73 2.87 3.04 3.23
1.82 1.91 2.01 2.16 2.30
2.39 2.47 2.58 2.75 2.93
2.05 2.17 2.29 2.42 2.61
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3.23 3.45 3.70 3.94 4.24
3.85 4.06 4.44 4.75 5.23
5.24 5.69 6.06 6.41 6.81
3.35 3.57 3.82 4.09 4.42
3.55 3.79 4.07 4.35 4.70
3.08 3.27 3.48 3.70 4.01
3.85 4.21 4.65 5.02 5.41
3.43 3.64 3.85 4.07 4.38
2.44 2.60 2.75 2.91 3.14
3.07 3.22 3.36 3.53 3.77
2.81 3.04 3.27 3.47 3.75
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
4.53 4.86 5.25 5.69 6.16
5.95 6.46 6.94 7.67 8.49
7.31 7.71 8.10 8.66 9.27
4.83 5.22 5.68 6.17 6.70
5.15 5.57 6.06 6.58 7.12
4.37 4.71 5.11 5.54 6.01
5.88 6.45 6.99 7.57 8.16
4.72 5.02 5.39 5.88 6.39
3.36 3.57 3.85 4.20 4.53
4.06 4.27 4.54 4.89 5.27
4.02 4.31 4.65 4.99 5.36
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
6.66 7.25 7.68 8.02 8.32
9.17 10.04 10.77 11.28 11.63
9.94 10.82 11.63 11.94 12.13
7.27 7.99 8.49 8.83 9.19
7.75 8.53 9.03 9.38 9.73
6.56 7.19 7.75 8.09 8.39
8.87 9.70 10.32 10.79 11.12
6.95 7.55 8.08 8.54 8.88
4.88 5.25 5.48 5.74 5.85
5.79 6.31 6.78 7.29 7.63
5.85 6.41 6.92 7.31 7.59
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
8.57 8.76 8.98 9.28 9.66
11.98 12.46 12.54 12.80 13.26
12.32 12.48 12.71 13.08 13.54
9.54 9.73 9.91 10.19 10.48
10.09 10.28 10.43 10.71 11.01
8.72 8.95 9.19 9.45 9.75
11.40 11.70 12.03 12.24 12.57
9.15 9.34 9.59 9.98 10.39
5.94 6.03 6.12 6.31 6.53
7.94 8.36 8.73 9.06 9.53
7.90 8.18 8.49 8.88 9.38
Note: Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. . . . = Not available.
208
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 2-23. Average Hourly Earnings of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by Industry, NAICS Basis, 1990–2004 (Dollars.) Industry
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Total ........................................................... Wood products ....................................... Nonmetallic mineral products ................. Primary metals ....................................... Fabricated metal products ...................... Machinery ...............................................
11.40 8.82 11.11 12.97 10.64 11.73
11.81 9.03 11.34 13.37 10.97 12.12
12.09 9.24 11.57 13.72 11.16 12.40
12.41 9.41 11.83 14.08 11.40 12.73
12.78 9.66 12.11 14.47 11.64 12.94
13.05 9.92 12.39 14.75 11.91 13.14
13.45 10.24 12.80 15.12 12.26 13.49
13.83 10.53 13.17 15.40 12.64 13.94
14.07 10.85 13.59 15.66 12.97 14.24
14.46 11.18 13.97 16.00 13.34 14.77
14.93 11.63 14.53 16.64 13.77 15.22
15.38 11.99 14.86 17.06 14.19 15.49
16.02 12.33 15.40 17.68 14.68 15.92
16.45 12.71 15.76 18.13 15.01 16.30
16.82 13.03 16.25 18.57 15.31 16.68
Computer and electronic products ......... Electrical equipment and appliances ...... Transportation equipment ...................... Furniture and related products ............... Miscellaneous manufacturing .................
10.89 10.00 14.44 8.52 8.87
11.35 10.30 15.12 8.74 9.16
11.64 10.50 15.59 9.00 9.44
11.95 10.65 16.22 9.24 9.65
12.19 10.94 16.94 9.51 9.90
12.29 11.25 17.21 9.75 10.23
12.75 11.80 17.67 10.08 10.60
13.24 12.24 18.00 10.50 10.89
13.85 12.51 17.92 10.88 11.18
14.37 12.90 18.24 11.27 11.56
14.73 13.23 18.89 11.72 11.93
15.42 13.78 19.48 12.14 12.46
16.20 13.98 20.64 12.61 12.91
16.69 14.36 21.23 12.98 13.30
17.28 14.90 21.49 13.16 13.85
Total ........................................................... Food manufacturing ............................... Beverage and tobacco products ............. Textile mills ............................................. Textile product mills ................................ Apparel ...................................................
9.87 9.04 13.24 8.17 7.53 6.22
10.18 9.32 13.65 8.49 7.77 6.43
10.45 9.59 14.07 8.82 8.03 6.60
10.70 9.82 14.30 9.12 8.27 6.74
10.96 10.00 14.97 9.35 8.45 6.95
11.30 10.27 15.40 9.63 8.76 7.22
11.68 10.50 15.73 9.88 9.12 7.45
12.04 10.77 16.00 10.22 9.45 7.76
12.45 11.09 16.03 10.58 9.75 8.05
12.85 11.40 16.54 10.90 10.18 8.35
13.31 11.77 17.40 11.23 10.43 8.60
13.75 12.18 17.67 11.40 10.60 8.82
14.15 12.55 17.73 11.73 10.96 9.10
14.63 12.80 17.96 11.99 11.23 9.56
15.05 12.98 19.12 12.13 11.39 9.75
Leather and allied products .................... Paper and paper products ...................... Printing and related support ................... Petroleum and coal products .................. Chemicals ...............................................
7.18 12.06 11.11 17.00 12.85
7.43 12.45 11.32 17.90 13.30
7.68 12.78 11.53 18.83 13.70
7.88 13.13 11.67 19.43 13.97
8.23 13.49 11.89 19.96 14.33
8.50 13.94 12.08 20.24 14.86
8.94 14.38 12.41 20.18 15.37
9.31 14.76 12.78 21.10 15.78
9.68 15.20 13.20 21.75 16.23
9.93 15.58 13.67 22.22 16.40
10.35 15.91 14.09 22.80 17.09
10.69 16.38 14.48 22.90 17.57
11.00 16.85 14.93 23.04 17.97
11.66 17.33 15.37 23.63 18.50
11.63 17.90 15.72 24.38 19.16
Plastics and rubber products ..................
9.76
10.07
10.35
10.55
10.66
10.86
11.17
11.48
11.79
12.25
12.69
13.21
13.55
14.18
14.58
DURABLE GOODS
NONDURABLE GOODS
209
EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
Table 2-24. Average Hourly Earnings of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by Industry, SIC Basis, 1947–1989 (Dollars.) Durable goods Primary metal industries Year Total
Lumber Stone, Furniture and clay, and and wood glass fixtures products products
Total
Transportation equipment
Industrial Electronic Blast Fabricated machinery and other metal furnaces and electrical and products equipment equipment basic steel products
Total
Motor vehicles and equipment
InstruMiscellanments eous and manufacrelated turing products
1947 ...................................................... 1948 ...................................................... 1949 ......................................................
1.28 1.39 1.45
1.09 1.19 1.23
1.10 1.19 1.23
1.19 1.31 1.37
1.39 1.52 1.59
1.44 1.59 1.65
1.27 1.39 1.45
1.34 1.46 1.52
... ... ...
1.44 1.57 1.64
1.47 1.61 1.70
... ... ...
1.11 1.18 1.22
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1.45 1.65 1.74 1.85 1.89
1.30 1.41 1.49 1.56 1.57
1.28 1.39 1.47 1.54 1.57
1.44 1.54 1.61 1.72 1.77
1.65 1.81 1.90 2.06 2.10
1.70 1.90 2.00 2.18 2.22
1.52 1.64 1.72 1.83 1.88
1.60 1.75 1.85 1.95 2.00
... ... ... ... ...
1.72 1.84 1.95 2.05 2.11
1.78 1.91 2.05 2.14 2.20
... ... ... ... ...
1.28 1.36 1.45 1.52 1.56
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1.98 2.08 2.18 2.25 2.35
1.62 1.69 1.74 1.80 1.87
1.62 1.69 1.75 1.78 1.83
1.86 1.96 2.05 2.12 2.22
2.24 2.37 2.50 2.64 2.77
2.39 2.54 2.70 2.88 3.06
1.96 2.05 2.16 2.26 2.35
2.08 2.20 2.29 2.37 2.48
... ... ... ... ...
2.21 2.29 2.39 2.51 2.64
2.29 2.35 2.46 2.55 2.71
... ... ... ... ...
1.61 1.69 1.75 1.79 1.84
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
2.42 2.48 2.55 2.63 2.70
1.90 1.95 1.99 2.05 2.12
1.88 1.91 1.95 2.00 2.05
2.28 2.34 2.41 2.48 2.53
2.81 2.90 2.98 3.04 3.11
3.04 3.16 3.25 3.31 3.36
2.43 2.49 2.55 2.61 2.68
2.55 2.62 2.71 2.78 2.87
... ... ... ... ...
2.74 2.80 2.91 3.01 3.09
2.81 2.86 2.99 3.10 3.21
... ... ... ... ...
1.89 1.92 1.98 2.03 2.08
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
2.78 2.89 2.99 3.18 3.38
2.18 2.26 2.38 2.58 2.75
2.12 2.21 2.33 2.47 2.62
2.62 2.72 2.82 2.99 3.19
3.18 3.28 3.34 3.55 3.79
3.42 3.53 3.57 3.76 4.02
2.76 2.88 2.98 3.16 3.34
2.95 3.08 3.19 3.36 3.58
... ... ... ... ...
3.21 3.33 3.44 3.69 3.89
3.34 3.44 3.55 3.89 4.10
... ... ... ... ...
2.14 2.22 2.35 2.50 2.66
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3.55 3.79 4.07 4.35 4.70
2.97 3.18 3.34 3.62 3.90
2.77 2.90 3.08 3.29 3.53
3.40 3.67 3.94 4.22 4.54
3.93 4.23 4.66 5.04 5.60
4.16 4.49 5.08 5.51 6.27
3.53 3.77 4.05 4.29 4.61
3.77 4.02 4.32 4.60 4.94
... ... ... ... ...
4.06 4.45 4.81 5.15 5.54
4.22 4.72 5.13 5.46 5.87
... ... ... ... ...
2.83 2.97 3.11 3.29 3.53
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
5.15 5.57 6.06 6.58 7.12
4.28 4.74 5.11 5.62 6.08
3.78 3.99 4.34 4.68 5.06
4.92 5.33 5.81 6.32 6.85
6.18 6.77 7.40 8.20 8.98
6.94 7.59 8.36 9.39 10.41
5.05 5.50 5.91 6.35 6.85
5.37 5.79 6.26 6.78 7.32
... ... ... ... ...
6.07 6.62 7.29 7.91 8.53
6.44 7.09 7.85 8.50 9.06
... ... ... ... ...
3.81 4.04 4.36 4.69 5.03
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
7.75 8.53 9.03 9.38 9.73
6.57 7.02 7.46 7.82 8.05
5.49 5.91 6.31 6.62 6.84
7.50 8.27 8.87 9.27 9.57
9.77 10.81 11.33 11.35 11.47
11.39 12.60 13.35 12.89 12.98
7.45 8.20 8.77 9.12 9.40
8.00 8.81 9.26 9.56 9.97
... ... ... ... ...
9.35 10.39 11.11 11.67 12.20
9.85 11.02 11.62 12.14 12.73
... ... ... ... ...
5.46 5.97 6.42 6.81 7.05
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
10.09 10.28 10.43 10.71 11.01
8.25 8.37 8.43 8.59 8.84
7.17 7.46 7.67 7.95 8.25
9.84 10.04 10.25 10.56 10.82
11.67 11.86 11.94 12.16 12.43
13.33 13.73 13.77 13.98 14.25
9.71 9.89 10.01 10.29 10.57
10.30 10.58 10.73 11.08 11.40
... ... ... 9.79 10.05
12.71 12.81 12.94 13.29 13.67
13.39 13.45 13.53 13.99 14.25
... ... ... 10.60 10.83
7.30 7.55 7.76 8.00 8.29
. . . = Not available.
210
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 2-24. Average Hourly Earnings of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by Industry, SIC Basis, 1947–1989—Continued (Dollars.) Nondurable goods
Year Total
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Rubber and Paper and Printing Chemicals Petroleum miscellaneous allied and and allied and coal plastics products publishing products products products
Leather and leather products
1947 ...................................................... 1948 ...................................................... 1949 ......................................................
1.15 1.25 1.30
1.06 1.15 1.21
0.90 0.96 1.00
1.04 1.16 1.18
1.16 1.22 1.21
1.15 1.28 1.33
1.48 1.65 1.77
1.22 1.34 1.42
1.50 1.71 1.80
1.29 1.36 1.41
1.04 1.11 1.12
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1.30 1.45 1.51 1.58 1.62
1.26 1.35 1.44 1.53 1.59
1.08 1.14 1.18 1.25 1.30
1.23 1.32 1.34 1.36 1.36
1.24 1.31 1.32 1.35 1.37
1.40 1.51 1.59 1.67 1.73
1.83 1.91 2.02 2.11 2.18
1.50 1.62 1.69 1.81 1.89
1.84 1.99 2.10 2.22 2.29
1.47 1.58 1.70 1.79 1.83
1.17 1.25 1.30 1.35 1.36
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
1.68 1.77 1.85 1.92 1.98
1.66 1.76 1.85 1.94 2.02
1.34 1.45 1.53 1.59 1.65
1.38 1.44 1.49 1.49 1.56
1.37 1.47 1.51 1.54 1.56
1.81 1.92 2.02 2.10 2.18
2.26 2.33 2.40 2.49 2.59
1.97 2.09 2.20 2.29 2.40
2.37 2.54 2.66 2.73 2.85
1.95 2.02 2.11 2.18 2.27
1.39 1.48 1.52 1.56 1.59
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
2.05 2.11 2.17 2.22 2.29
2.11 2.17 2.24 2.30 2.37
1.70 1.78 1.85 1.91 1.95
1.61 1.63 1.68 1.71 1.79
1.59 1.64 1.69 1.73 1.79
2.26 2.34 2.40 2.48 2.56
2.68 2.75 2.82 2.89 2.97
2.50 2.58 2.65 2.72 2.80
2.89 3.01 3.05 3.16 3.20
2.32 2.38 2.44 2.47 2.54
1.64 1.68 1.72 1.76 1.83
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
2.36 2.45 2.57 2.74 2.91
2.44 2.52 2.64 2.80 2.96
2.09 2.19 2.27 2.48 2.62
1.87 1.96 2.06 2.21 2.35
1.83 1.89 2.03 2.21 2.31
2.65 2.75 2.87 3.05 3.24
3.06 3.16 3.28 3.48 3.69
2.89 2.98 3.10 3.26 3.47
3.28 3.41 3.58 3.75 4.00
2.61 2.68 2.75 2.93 3.08
1.88 1.94 2.07 2.23 2.36
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
3.08 3.27 3.48 3.70 4.01
3.16 3.38 3.60 3.85 4.19
2.91 3.16 3.47 3.76 4.12
2.45 2.57 2.75 2.95 3.20
2.39 2.49 2.60 2.76 2.97
3.44 3.67 3.95 4.20 4.53
3.92 4.20 4.51 4.75 5.03
3.69 3.97 4.26 4.51 4.88
4.28 4.57 4.96 5.28 5.68
3.21 3.41 3.63 3.84 4.09
2.49 2.59 2.68 2.79 2.99
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
4.37 4.71 5.11 5.54 6.01
4.61 4.98 5.37 5.80 6.27
4.55 4.98 5.54 6.13 6.67
3.42 3.69 3.99 4.30 4.66
3.17 3.40 3.62 3.94 4.23
5.01 5.47 5.96 6.52 7.13
5.38 5.71 6.12 6.51 6.94
5.39 5.91 6.43 7.02 7.60
6.48 7.21 7.83 8.63 9.36
4.42 4.71 5.21 5.57 6.02
3.21 3.40 3.61 3.89 4.22
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
6.56 7.19 7.75 8.09 8.39
6.85 7.44 7.92 8.19 8.39
7.74 8.88 9.79 10.38 11.22
5.07 5.52 5.83 6.18 6.46
4.56 4.97 5.20 5.38 5.55
7.84 8.60 9.32 9.93 10.41
7.53 8.19 8.74 9.11 9.41
8.30 9.12 9.96 10.58 11.07
10.10 11.38 12.46 13.28 13.44
6.58 7.22 7.70 8.06 8.35
4.58 4.99 5.33 5.54 5.71
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
8.72 8.95 9.19 9.45 9.75
8.57 8.75 8.93 9.12 9.38
11.96 12.88 14.07 14.67 15.31
6.70 6.93 7.17 7.38 7.67
5.73 5.84 5.94 6.12 6.35
10.83 11.18 11.43 11.69 11.96
9.71 9.99 10.28 10.53 10.88
11.56 11.98 12.37 12.71 13.09
14.06 14.19 14.58 14.97 15.41
8.60 8.79 8.98 9.19 9.46
5.83 5.92 6.08 6.28 6.59
Note: Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959.
211
EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
Table 2-25. Average Weekly Earnings of Production or Nonsupervisory Workers on Nonfarm Payrolls by Industry in Current and Constant Dollars, NAICS Basis, 1990–2004 (Dollars.) Industry
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
TOTAL PRIVATE Current dollars ........................ 1982 dollars ............................
349.29 262.43
358.06 258.34
367.83 257.95
378.40 258.12
390.73 259.97
399.53 258.43
412.74 259.58
431.25 265.22
448.04 271.87
462.49 274.64
480.41 275.62
493.20 275.38
506.07 278.83
517.30 278.72
528.56 277.61
Goods–Producing Current dollars ........................ 1982 dollars ............................
459.55 345.27
471.32 340.06
482.58 338.42
498.82 340.26
519.58 345.70
528.62 341.93
546.48 343.70
568.43 349.59
580.99 352.54
599.99 356.29
621.86 356.78
630.04 351.78
651.61 359.01
669.13 360.52
688.03 361.36
Natural resources and mining Current dollars ........................ 1982 dollars ............................
602.54 452.70
625.42 451.24
629.02 441.11
634.77 432.99
653.14 434.56
670.32 433.58
695.07 437.15
720.11 442.87
727.28 441.31
721.74 428.59
734.92 421.64
757.92 423.18
741.97 408.80
765.94 412.68
804.03 422.28
Construction Current dollars ........................ 1982 dollars ............................
513.43 385.75
520.41 375.48
525.13 368.25
539.81 368.22
558.53 371.61
571.57 369.71
588.48 370.11
609.48 374.83
629.75 382.13
655.11 389.02
685.78 393.45
695.89 388.55
711.82 392.19
726.83 391.61
735.70 386.40
Manufacturing Current dollars ........................ 1982 dollars ............................
436.16 327.69
449.73 324.48
464.43 325.69
480.80 327.97
502.12 334.08
509.26 329.40
526.55 331.16
548.22 337.16
557.12 338.06
573.17 340.36
590.65 338.87
595.19 332.32
618.75 340.91
635.99 342.67
658.53 345.87
Private Service–Providing Current dollars ........................ 1982 dollars ............................
315.49 237.03
325.31 234.71
335.46 235.25
345.03 235.35
354.97 236.17
364.14 235.54
376.72 236.93
394.77 242.79
412.78 250.47
427.30 253.74
445.00 255.31
460.32 257.02
472.88 260.54
483.89 260.72
493.67 259.28
Trade, transportation, and utilities Current dollars ........................ 1982 dollars ............................
331.55 249.10
339.19 244.73
348.68 244.52
359.33 245.11
370.38 246.43
378.79 245.01
390.64 245.69
407.57 250.66
423.30 256.86
434.31 257.90
449.88 258.11
459.53 256.58
471.27 259.65
481.14 259.23
488.58 256.61
Wholesale trade Current dollars ........................ 1982 dollars ............................
444.48 333.94
459.27 331.36
470.51 329.95
484.46 330.46
501.17 333.45
515.14 333.21
533.29 335.40
559.39 344.03
582.21 353.28
602.77 357.94
631.40 362.25
643.45 359.27
644.38 355.03
657.29 354.14
666.93 350.28
Retail trade Current dollars ........................ 1982 dollars ............................
235.62 177.02
240.15 173.27
249.63 175.06
256.89 175.23
265.77 176.83
272.56 176.30
282.76 177.84
295.97 182.02
310.34 188.31
321.63 190.99
333.38 191.27
346.16 193.28
360.81 198.79
367.15 197.82
371.15 194.93
Transportation and warehousing Current dollars ........................ 1982 dollars ............................
471.72 354.41
471.12 339.91
478.02 335.22
494.36 337.22
507.27 337.50
513.37 332.06
525.60 330.57
542.55 333.67
546.86 331.83
547.97 325.40
562.31 322.61
562.70 314.18
579.75 319.42
598.41 322.42
614.90 322.95
Utilities Current dollars ........................ 1982 dollars ............................
670.40 503.68
693.40 500.29
716.36 502.36
756.35 515.93
789.98 525.60
811.52 524.92
830.74 522.48
865.26 532.14
902.94 547.90
924.59 549.04
955.66 548.28
977.18 545.61
979.09 1 017.27 1 048.82 539.44 548.10 550.85
Information Current dollars ........................ 1982 dollars ............................
479.50 360.26
495.20 357.29
512.01 359.05
535.25 365.11
551.28 366.79
564.98 365.45
592.68 372.75
622.40 382.78
646.52 392.31
675.32 401.02
700.89 402.12
731.11 408.21
738.17 406.71
760.81 409.92
777.42 408.31
Financial activities Current dollars ........................ 1982 dollars ............................
354.65 266.45
369.57 266.65
386.01 270.69
403.02 274.91
419.20 278.91
436.12 282.10
451.49 283.96
472.37 290.51
500.95 303.97
517.57 307.35
537.37 308.30
558.02 311.57
575.51 317.09
609.08 328.17
622.99 327.20
Professional and business services Current dollars ........................ 1982 dollars ............................
380.61 285.96
391.09 282.17
400.64 280.95
406.20 277.08
414.16 275.56
426.44 275.83
442.81 278.50
465.51 286.29
490.00 297.33
510.99 303.44
535.07 306.98
557.84 311.47
574.66 316.62
587.02 316.28
596.96 313.53
Education and health services Current dollars ........................ 1982 dollars ............................
319.27 239.87
334.55 241.38
348.29 244.24
359.08 244.94
368.14 244.94
377.73 244.33
388.27 244.19
404.65 248.86
418.82 254.14
431.35 256.15
449.29 257.77
473.39 264.32
492.74 271.48
505.69 272.46
523.83 275.12
Leisure and hospitality Current dollars ........................ 1982 dollars ............................
152.47 114.55
155.16 111.95
159.54 111.88
163.45 111.49
168.00 111.78
171.43 110.89
176.48 110.99
185.81 114.27
195.82 118.82
202.87 120.47
211.79 121.51
215.19 120.15
221.26 121.91
224.30 120.85
228.63 120.08
Other services Current dollars ........................ 1982 dollars ............................
297.91 223.82
306.91 221.44
315.08 220.95
322.69 220.12
332.44 221.18
342.36 221.45
352.62 221.77
368.63 226.71
384.25 233.16
398.77 236.80
413.41 237.18
428.64 239.33
439.76 242.29
434.41 234.06
433.04 227.44
212
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 2-26. Average Weekly Earnings of Production or Nonsupervisory Workers on Nonfarm Payrolls by Industry in Current and Constant Dollars, SIC Basis, 1947–1989 (Dollars.) Total private
Mining
Construction
Transportation and public utilities
Manufacturing
Year Current dollars
1982 dollars
Current dollars
1982 dollars
Current dollars
1982 dollars
Current dollars
1982 dollars
Current dollars
1982 dollars
1947 ...................................................... 1948 ...................................................... 1949 ......................................................
45.58 49.00 50.24
196.47 196.00 202.58
59.89 65.52 62.33
258.15 262.08 251.33
58.83 65.23 67.56
253.58 260.92 272.42
49.13 53.08 53.80
211.77 212.32 216.94
... ... ...
... ... ...
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
53.13 57.86 60.65 63.76 64.52
212.52 215.09 219.75 229.35 231.25
67.16 74.11 77.59 83.03 82.60
268.64 275.50 281.12 298.67 296.06
69.68 76.96 82.86 86.41 88.54
278.72 286.10 300.22 310.83 317.35
58.28 63.34 66.75 70.47 70.49
233.12 235.46 241.85 253.49 252.65
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
67.72 70.74 73.33 75.08 78.78
243.60 250.85 251.13 250.27 260.86
89.54 95.06 98.25 96.08 103.68
322.09 337.09 336.47 320.27 343.31
90.90 96.38 100.27 103.78 108.41
326.98 341.77 343.39 345.93 358.97
75.30 78.78 81.19 82.32 88.26
270.86 279.36 278.05 274.40 292.25
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
80.67 82.60 85.91 88.46 91.33
261.92 265.59 273.60 278.18 283.63
105.04 106.92 110.70 114.40 117.74
341.04 343.79 352.55 359.75 365.65
112.67 118.08 122.47 127.19 132.06
365.81 379.68 390.03 399.97 410.12
89.72 92.34 96.56 99.23 102.97
291.30 296.91 307.52 312.04 319.78
... ... ... ... 118.78
... ... ... ... 368.88
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
95.45 98.82 101.84 107.73 114.61
291.90 294.11 293.49 298.42 300.81
123.52 130.24 135.89 142.71 154.80
377.74 387.62 391.61 395.32 406.30
138.38 146.26 154.95 164.49 181.54
423.18 435.30 446.54 455.65 476.48
107.53 112.19 114.49 122.51 129.51
328.84 333.90 329.94 339.36 339.92
125.14 128.13 130.82 138.85 147.74
382.69 381.34 377.00 384.63 387.77
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
119.83 127.31 136.90 145.39 154.76
298.08 303.12 315.44 315.38 302.27
164.40 172.14 189.14 201.40 219.14
408.96 409.86 435.81 436.88 428.01
195.45 211.67 221.19 235.89 249.25
486.19 503.98 509.65 511.69 486.82
133.33 142.44 154.71 166.46 176.80
331.67 339.14 356.47 361.08 345.31
155.93 168.82 187.86 203.31 217.48
387.89 401.95 432.86 441.02 424.77
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
163.53 175.45 189.00 203.70 219.91
293.06 297.37 300.96 300.89 291.66
249.31 273.90 301.20 332.88 365.07
446.79 464.24 479.62 491.70 484.18
266.08 283.73 295.65 318.69 342.99
476.85 480.90 470.78 470.74 454.89
190.79 209.32 228.90 249.27 269.34
341.92 354.78 364.49 368.20 357.21
233.44 256.71 278.90 302.80 325.58
418.35 435.10 444.11 447.27 431.80
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
235.10 255.20 267.26 280.70 292.86
274.65 270.63 267.26 272.52 274.73
397.06 438.75 459.88 479.40 503.58
463.86 465.27 459.88 465.44 472.40
367.78 399.26 426.82 442.97 458.51
429.65 423.39 426.82 430.07 430.12
288.62 318.00 330.26 354.08 374.03
337.17 337.22 330.26 343.77 350.87
351.25 382.18 402.48 420.81 438.13
410.34 405.28 402.48 408.55 411.00
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
299.09 304.85 312.50 322.02 334.24
271.16 271.94 269.16 266.79 264.22
519.93 525.81 531.70 541.44 570.18
471.38 469.05 457.97 448.58 450.74
464.46 466.75 480.44 495.73 513.17
421.09 416.37 413.82 410.71 405.67
386.37 396.01 406.31 418.81 429.68
350.29 353.26 349.97 346.98 339.67
450.30 458.64 471.58 467.57 481.43
408.25 409.13 406.18 387.38 380.58
. . . = Not available.
213
EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
Table 2-26. Average Weekly Earnings of Production or Nonsupervisory Workers on Nonfarm Payrolls by Industry in Current and Constant Dollars, SIC Basis, 1947–1989—Continued (Dollars.) Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Year Current dollars
1982 dollars
Current dollars
1982 dollars
Current dollars
1982 dollars
Current dollars
1982 dollars
1947 ...................................................... 1948 ...................................................... 1949 ......................................................
50.06 53.59 55.45
215.95 214.12 223.59
33.77 36.22 38.42
145.56 144.88 154.92
43.21 45.48 47.63
186.25 181.92 192.06
... ... ...
... ... ...
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
55.31 62.02 65.53 68.61 71.28
232.40 230.93 237.17 246.94 255.02
39.71 42.82 43.38 45.36 47.04
158.84 159.18 157.17 163.17 168.60
47.50 54.67 57.08 59.57 62.04
202.08 203.20 206.81 214.28 222.37
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
74.48 78.17 81.41 84.02 88.51
268.02 277.77 278.73 280.47 292.78
48.75 50.18 52.20 54.10 56.15
175.36 177.94 178.77 180.33 185.93
63.92 65.68 67.53 70.12 72.74
229.93 232.91 231.27 233.73 240.83
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
90.72 93.56 96.22 99.47 102.56
293.93 299.87 306.43 312.61 317.89
57.76 58.66 60.96 62.66 64.75
187.53 188.62 194.14 197.04 201.27
75.14 77.12 80.94 84.38 85.79
243.96 247.97 257.77 265.35 266.37
... ... ... ... 70.03
... ... ... ... 217.55
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
106.08 111.11 115.66 121.90 129.85
324.98 330.60 333.86 337.65 340.52
66.61 68.57 70.95 74.95 78.66
203.82 203.87 204.21 207.56 206.48
88.91 92.13 95.72 101.75 108.70
271.71 274.43 275.79 281.72 284.93
73.60 77.04 80.38 83.97 90.57
225.08 228.93 231.41 232.91 237.85
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
136.86 143.42 151.69 159.54 169.94
340.57 342.10 348.89 346.51 332.25
82.47 87.62 91.85 96.32 102.68
204.75 208.36 212.05 209.22 200.29
112.67 117.85 122.98 129.20 137.61
280.57 281.00 283.27 280.56 268.91
96.66 103.06 110.85 117.29 126.00
240.10 245.33 254.88 254.86 246.52
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
182.19 194.27 209.13 228.14 247.93
326.92 329.07 332.42 336.59 328.45
108.86 114.60 121.66 130.20 138.62
194.68 194.17 193.54 192.23 184.12
148.19 155.43 165.26 178.00 190.77
265.04 263.58 263.41 262.97 253.21
134.67 143.52 153.45 163.67 175.27
241.45 243.27 244.57 242.08 232.57
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
266.88 290.68 309.46 328.79 341.88
312.07 308.25 309.46 319.21 320.71
147.38 158.03 163.85 171.05 174.33
172.01 167.58 163.85 166.07 163.54
209.60 229.05 245.44 263.90 278.50
244.95 242.90 245.44 256.21 261.26
190.71 208.97 225.59 239.04 247.43
223.11 221.60 225.59 232.08 232.11
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
351.36 357.72 365.38 380.24 394.82
318.55 319.11 314.71 315.03 312.11
174.64 176.08 178.70 183.62 188.72
158.33 157.07 153.92 152.13 149.19
289.02 304.30 316.90 325.25 341.17
262.03 271.45 272.95 269.47 269.70
256.75 265.85 275.93 289.49 305.79
232.77 237.15 237.67 239.84 241.73
Note: Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. . . . = Not available.
214
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 2-27. Average Weekly Earnings of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by Industry, NAICS Basis, 1990–2004 (Dollars.) Industry
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
TOTAL MANUFACTURING ......................
436.16
449.73
464.43
480.80
502.12
509.26
526.55
548.22
557.12
573.17
590.65
595.19
618.75
635.99
658.53
Total Durable Goods ............................ Wood products ................................... Nonmetallic mineral products ............. Primary metals ................................... Fabricated metal products .................. Machinery ...........................................
468.43 356.38 453.98 545.22 436.12 493.39
483.28 362.69 459.20 555.37 447.98 507.96
499.59 377.76 474.55 581.34 459.64 525.53
519.92 387.38 490.54 606.37 474.21 549.98
544.66 402.86 510.92 637.69 492.07 568.12
549.49 406.51 517.68 639.70 498.48 571.25
566.53 422.32 537.81 658.68 513.57 584.69
589.10 435.78 552.02 681.47 534.48 613.49
591.68 449.78 572.96 681.64 543.20 613.87
606.67 461.61 587.53 700.76 555.86 625.40
624.38 477.23 604.88 734.62 576.68 643.92
624.54 481.36 618.79 723.95 576.60 632.77
652.97 492.00 646.91 749.32 596.38 645.55
671.21 514.10 664.92 767.60 610.37 664.79
694.16 529.46 688.05 799.77 628.80 699.51
Computer and electronic products ..... Electrical equipment and appliances .. Transportation equipment .................. Furniture and related products ........... Miscellaneous manufacturing .............
450.09 412.42 606.87 324.08 346.02
464.25 426.96 633.87 330.49 358.56
482.09 439.04 652.95 348.03 370.75
499.15 451.28 697.16 360.63 378.28
514.92 470.21 750.67 373.87 389.79
518.25 471.63 751.74 375.06 400.85
534.42 496.69 773.95 385.68 414.13
562.69 515.73 795.82 410.38 431.89
579.70 522.51 774.82 428.50 437.99
596.25 538.98 796.25 443.38 454.56
609.70 550.56 817.98 459.69 465.02
613.07 548.00 817.08 464.57 483.44
642.87 560.24 877.87 494.01 499.13
674.72 583.23 889.48 505.30 510.82
698.28 606.64 912.97 519.78 533.47
Total Nondurable Goods ..................... Food manufacturing ........................... Beverage and tobacco products ......... Textile mills ......................................... Textile product mills ............................ Apparel ...............................................
390.65 355.61 515.73 328.11 293.77 216.10
404.17 364.90 530.09 345.48 303.81 227.76
417.95 375.69 544.25 364.45 314.47 235.20
429.15 386.04 547.60 379.74 329.26 239.45
443.82 398.54 588.39 391.64 336.96 248.33
452.83 406.66 605.00 394.17 342.17 254.85
467.88 414.74 624.82 403.08 356.90 261.90
487.04 428.58 639.69 425.53 373.95 275.61
503.99 444.81 646.26 434.15 385.13 286.07
519.91 458.63 679.06 447.38 401.01 295.20
536.82 472.09 730.35 464.51 406.24 307.00
548.41 481.67 721.68 456.64 408.56 317.15
566.84 496.91 698.39 476.52 429.01 333.66
582.61 502.92 702.45 469.33 444.70 340.12
602.48 509.66 750.51 486.69 443.01 351.28
Leather and allied products ................ Paper and paper products .................. Printing and related support ............... Petroleum and coal products .............. Chemicals ...........................................
268.32 525.71 429.93 754.13 550.25
279.41 542.26 437.00 786.05 573.27
291.11 560.27 450.02 821.72 593.17
302.85 575.49 457.91 855.36 603.71
314.18 596.19 470.74 883.81 622.46
319.98 604.74 472.37 883.68 644.30
337.86 625.38 484.99 881.24 666.00
355.63 647.55 504.46 908.50 685.26
361.87 662.20 518.32 949.28 700.53
369.80 679.24 534.15 947.60 700.45
388.46 681.34 552.15 973.53 721.90
388.83 690.06 560.89 1003.34 735.54
412.99 705.62 573.05 990.88 759.53
457.83 446.73 719.73 753.89 587.58 604.32 1052.32 1094.83 783.95 819.59
Plastics and rubber products ..............
396.07
408.22
426.56
436.96
445.87
445.91
458.15
474.87
487.00
505.31
517.74
528.69
549.85
572.26
589.70
EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
215
Table 2-28. Average Weekly Earnings of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by Industry, SIC Basis, 1947–1989 (Dollars.) Durable goods Primary metal industries Year
Total manufacturing
Total
Lumber Stone, Furniture and clay, and and wood glass fixtures products products
Total
Blast furnaces Industrial Electronic Blast Fabricated machinery and other and metal furnaces basic and electrical and products equipment equipment steel basic products steel products
Transportation equipment
Total
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
1947 ..................................... 1948 ..................................... 1949 .....................................
49.13 53.08 53.80
51.64 56.24 57.13
43.93 47.64 48.10
45.53 48.83 49.36
48.95 53.20 54.27
55.38 61.14 60.90
56.51 62.84 63.34
56.51 62.84 63.34
51.74 56.37 57.45
55.78 60.38 60.27
... ... ...
56.97 61.70 65.10
58.63 63.15 67.33
... ... ...
44.75 48.03 48.23
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
..................................... ..................................... ..................................... ..................................... .....................................
58.28 63.34 66.75 70.47 70.49
59.60 68.48 72.04 76.22 75.79
51.31 55.41 59.15 61.31 61.39
53.55 57.13 60.86 62.99 62.80
59.06 63.76 66.17 70.18 71.69
67.36 75.30 77.52 84.46 81.48
67.95 77.71 80.00 88.29 83.92
67.95 77.71 80.00 88.29 83.92
63.04 68.55 71.72 76.49 76.70
67.04 76.13 79.55 82.68 81.40
... ... ... ... ...
71.29 75.81 81.51 85.28 86.30
74.85 77.16 84.87 89.88 91.30
... ... ... ... ...
52.02 55.08 59.02 61.56 61.78
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
..................................... ..................................... ..................................... ..................................... .....................................
75.30 78.78 81.19 82.32 88.26
81.77 85.28 87.85 88.88 95.65
63.99 65.74 66.82 69.48 74.24
67.07 68.78 69.83 69.95 74.48
77.00 80.56 82.82 84.80 91.46
92.51 97.17 99.00 101.11 112.19
96.80 102.87 105.57 108.00 122.71
96.80 102.87 105.57 108.00 122.71
81.73 84.67 88.34 90.17 96.12
87.15 93.06 94.12 94.33 102.92
... ... ... ... ...
93.48 94.81 97.51 100.40 107.45
99.84 96.82 100.61 101.24 111.38
... ... ... ... ...
64.88 67.60 69.48 70.17 73.42
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
..................................... ..................................... ..................................... ..................................... .....................................
89.72 92.34 96.56 99.23 102.97
97.04 99.70 104.30 108.09 112.05
74.29 77.03 79.20 82.41 85.65
75.20 76.40 79.37 81.80 84.46
92.57 95.24 98.81 102.67 105.50
109.59 114.55 119.80 124.64 129.69
116.13 122.92 127.40 133.06 138.43
116.13 122.92 127.40 133.06 138.43
98.42 100.85 104.81 107.79 111.76
104.55 107.16 113.01 116.20 121.69
... ... ... ... ...
111.52 113.40 122.22 126.42 130.09
115.21 114.69 127.67 132.68 138.03
... ... ... ... ...
74.28 75.84 78.61 80.39 82.37
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
..................................... ..................................... ..................................... ..................................... .....................................
107.53 112.19 114.49 122.51 129.51
116.76 121.67 123.19 131.65 139.59
89.16 92.21 95.91 104.75 110.55
87.98 91.72 94.13 100.28 105.85
110.04 114.24 117.31 124.98 133.66
133.88 138.09 137.27 147.68 158.42
140.90 144.73 143.51 154.16 166.03
140.90 144.73 143.51 154.16 166.03
116.20 122.11 123.67 131.77 138.94
127.15 134.90 135.58 141.12 152.15
... ... ... ... ...
137.71 141.86 142.42 155.72 161.44
147.63 147.23 144.84 167.66 170.97
... ... ... ... ...
85.39 88.80 92.59 98.50 103.74
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
..................................... ..................................... ..................................... ..................................... .....................................
133.33 142.44 154.71 166.46 176.80
143.07 152.74 167.68 180.09 190.82
117.61 126.56 134.94 144.80 152.88
108.58 115.42 123.82 131.60 138.02
140.08 152.67 165.48 176.82 187.50
158.77 169.62 192.92 213.19 232.96
166.40 177.80 206.25 229.77 258.95
166.40 177.80 206.25 229.77 258.95
143.67 152.31 166.86 178.46 188.09
154.95 163.21 181.87 196.88 207.97
... ... ... ... ...
163.62 181.12 200.58 216.82 224.37
170.07 194.46 220.59 237.51 238.32
... ... ... ... ...
109.52 115.53 122.85 128.31 136.61
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
..................................... ..................................... ..................................... ..................................... .....................................
190.79 209.32 228.90 249.27 269.34
205.49 226.14 248.46 270.44 290.50
166.06 189.13 203.89 223.68 240.16
143.64 154.81 169.26 183.92 195.82
198.77 219.06 239.95 262.91 284.28
247.20 276.22 305.62 342.76 371.77
274.13 305.88 338.58 389.69 428.89
274.13 305.88 338.58 389.69 428.89
202.51 224.40 242.31 260.35 278.80
219.10 238.55 259.79 284.76 305.24
... ... ... ... ...
245.23 276.05 309.83 333.80 350.58
259.53 304.16 345.40 368.05 372.37
... ... ... ... ...
146.69 156.75 169.17 181.97 195.16
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
..................................... ..................................... ..................................... ..................................... .....................................
288.62 318.00 330.26 354.08 374.03
310.78 342.91 354.88 381.77 402.82
253.60 271.67 284.23 313.58 321.20
209.17 226.94 234.73 260.83 271.55
306.00 335.76 355.69 384.71 401.94
391.78 437.81 437.34 459.68 478.30
448.77 509.04 505.97 509.16 528.29
448.77 509.04 505.97 509.16 528.29
300.98 330.46 343.78 370.27 389.16
328.00 360.33 367.62 387.18 417.74
... ... ... ... ...
379.61 424.95 449.96 491.31 520.94
394.00 450.72 470.61 525.66 557.57
... ... ... ... ...
211.30 231.64 246.53 266.27 277.77
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
..................................... ..................................... ..................................... ..................................... .....................................
386.37 396.01 406.31 418.81 429.68
415.71 424.56 432.85 447.68 458.02
329.18 338.15 342.26 344.46 354.48
282.50 296.91 306.80 313.23 325.88
412.30 423.69 433.58 446.69 457.69
484.31 496.93 514.61 528.96 534.49
547.86 572.54 597.62 615.12 618.45
547.86 572.54 597.62 615.12 618.45
401.02 408.46 416.42 431.15 439.71
427.45 440.13 452.81 473.12 483.36
... ... ... 401.39 410.04
541.45 541.86 543.48 567.48 579.61
582.47 572.97 570.97 608.57 614.18
... ... ... 438.84 445.11
287.62 298.98 305.74 313.60 326.63
. . . = Not available.
216
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 2-28. Average Weekly Earnings of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by Industry, SIC Basis, 1947–1989—Continued (Dollars.) Nondurable goods
Year Total
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and Leather and miscellaneous leather plastics products products
1947 ..................................... 1948 ..................................... 1949 .....................................
46.03 49.54 50.41
45.92 48.84 50.49
35.17 36.58 37.26
40.99 45.28 44.52
41.80 43.68 42.76
49.69 54.70 55.42
59.30 65.13 68.60
50.26 55.29 57.67
60.94 69.30 72.42
51.60 53.29 54.13
40.07 41.11 41.03
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
..................................... ..................................... ..................................... ..................................... .....................................
51.45 57.42 59.95 62.57 63.18
52.88 56.84 60.34 63.50 65.67
41.00 43.89 45.31 47.63 48.88
48.59 51.22 52.39 53.18 52.09
44.60 46.64 47.92 48.74 48.36
60.53 65.08 68.05 71.81 73.18
71.23 74.30 78.58 82.29 83.93
61.64 66.91 69.12 74.21 77.11
75.11 81.19 85.05 90.35 93.20
60.27 64.46 69.53 72.32 72.83
43.95 46.13 49.92 50.90 50.18
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
..................................... ..................................... ..................................... ..................................... .....................................
67.03 70.09 72.52 74.50 78.61
68.89 72.69 75.48 79.15 82.82
51.86 56.26 58.75 62.17 64.52
55.34 57.17 57.96 57.51 63.02
49.73 52.92 53.91 54.05 56.63
78.01 82.18 85.45 87.99 93.30
87.91 90.64 92.64 94.62 99.72
80.97 85.90 89.98 93.20 99.36
96.93 104.14 108.53 111.66 117.42
81.32 81.61 85.67 85.67 93.75
52.68 55.65 56.85 57.25 60.26
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
..................................... ..................................... ..................................... ..................................... .....................................
80.36 82.92 86.15 87.91 90.91
86.09 88.75 91.84 94.30 97.17
64.94 69.42 71.41 73.92 75.66
63.60 65.04 68.21 69.43 73.39
56.45 58.06 61.18 62.45 64.26
95.15 99.45 102.24 105.90 109.57
102.91 105.05 108.01 110.69 114.35
103.25 106.81 110.24 113.15 116.48
118.78 124.01 126.88 131.77 133.76
92.80 96.15 100.04 101.02 104.90
60.52 62.83 64.67 66.00 69.36
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
..................................... ..................................... ..................................... ..................................... .....................................
94.64 98.49 102.03 109.05 115.53
100.28 103.82 107.98 114.24 120.77
79.21 85.19 87.62 93.99 97.99
77.98 82.12 84.25 91.05 95.88
66.61 68.80 73.08 79.78 82.93
114.22 119.35 122.84 130.85 139.32
118.12 122.61 125.95 133.28 141.33
121.09 125.16 128.96 136.27 145.05
138.42 144.58 152.87 159.38 170.40
109.62 112.56 113.85 121.60 126.90
71.82 74.88 79.07 85.41 87.79
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
..................................... ..................................... ..................................... ..................................... .....................................
120.43 128.51 138.16 146.52 156.79
127.98 136.21 145.80 155.54 169.28
110.00 119.45 130.47 145.14 157.80
97.76 104.34 113.58 120.66 126.40
84.37 88.64 93.60 99.08 104.54
144.14 154.51 169.06 180.18 191.17
147.78 157.50 170.03 179.08 188.63
153.50 165.15 177.64 188.52 202.52
183.18 195.60 211.79 223.87 239.13
129.36 137.76 149.56 158.21 166.05
92.63 97.64 102.64 105.46 110.33
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
..................................... ..................................... ..................................... ..................................... .....................................
169.56 185.57 201.33 218.28 236.19
185.78 201.69 214.80 230.26 250.17
173.81 186.75 209.41 233.55 253.46
134.41 147.97 161.20 173.72 188.26
111.58 121.72 128.87 140.26 149.32
208.42 232.48 255.68 279.71 303.74
198.52 214.13 230.72 244.78 260.25
220.99 245.86 268.13 294.14 318.44
266.98 303.54 334.34 376.27 409.97
176.36 191.70 214.13 227.81 244.41
119.09 127.16 133.21 144.32 154.03
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
..................................... ..................................... ..................................... ..................................... .....................................
255.84 281.85 297.60 318.75 333.08
271.95 295.37 312.05 323.51 333.92
294.89 344.54 370.06 388.21 436.46
203.31 218.59 218.63 249.67 257.75
161.42 177.43 180.44 194.76 202.02
330.85 365.50 389.58 423.02 448.67
279.36 305.49 324.25 342.54 356.64
344.45 379.39 407.36 440.13 463.83
422.18 491.62 546.99 582.99 587.33
263.20 290.97 304.92 332.07 348.20
168.09 183.13 189.75 203.87 210.13
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
..................................... ..................................... ..................................... ..................................... .....................................
345.31 357.11 369.44 379.89 391.95
342.80 350.00 358.99 367.54 381.77
444.91 481.71 548.73 583.87 590.97
265.99 284.82 299.71 302.58 313.70
208.57 214.33 219.78 226.44 234.32
466.77 482.98 496.06 506.18 517.87
367.04 379.62 390.64 400.14 412.35
484.36 501.96 523.25 536.36 555.02
604.58 621.52 641.52 664.67 682.66
353.46 363.91 373.57 383.22 391.64
216.88 218.45 232.26 235.50 249.76
Note: Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959.
EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
217
Table 2-29. Employees on Total Nonfarm Payrolls by State, 1965–2004 (Thousands of people.) State
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
Alabama ............................................. Alaska ................................................ Arizona ............................................... Arkansas ............................................ California ............................................
886.5 70.5 403.7 458.8 5 800.3
935.6 73.1 434.8 489.8 6 145.2
951.8 76.8 445.5 501.0 6 367.6
970.1 79.9 473.4 514.6 6 642.1
1 000.2 86.8 517.2 533.8 6 931.5
1 010.4 93.1 547.4 536.2 6 946.2
1 021.9 97.8 581.3 551.0 6 917.0
1 072.3 103.5 646.2 581.5 7 209.9
1 135.5 109.9 714.4 614.5 7 621.9
1 169.8 127.8 745.9 640.7 7 834.3
1 155.4 161.9 729.0 623.8 7 847.2
1 207.0 171.7 758.8 659.9 8 154.2
1 269.2 163.3 809.4 695.5 8 599.7
1 336.5 163.5 895.4 732.7 9 199.8
Colorado ............................................ Connecticut ........................................ Delaware ............................................ District of Columbia ............................ Florida ................................................ Georgia ..............................................
599.0 1 032.9 184.1 572.5 1 619.1 1 257.2
631.3 1 095.4 193.2 587.0 1 726.8 1 337.9
655.9 1 130.1 197.4 594.7 1 816.4 1 394.8
686.7 1 158.0 202.9 582.8 1 932.3 1 455.7
720.8 1 194.1 211.9 575.0 2 069.9 1 531.7
750.2 1 197.5 216.8 566.7 2 152.1 1 557.5
787.1 1 164.3 224.9 566.6 2 276.3 1 602.9
869.4 1 190.4 232.4 572.0 2 513.1 1 695.2
936.0 1 238.7 239.4 573.7 2 778.6 1 802.5
959.7 1 264.0 233.1 580.1 2 863.8 1 827.5
963.5 1 223.4 229.9 576.5 2 746.4 1 755.7
1 003.4 1 239.7 236.7 575.8 2 784.3 1 839.2
1 058.1 1 282.3 238.8 578.7 2 933.4 1 926.5
1 149.9 1 346.1 247.8 596.3 3 180.6 2 050.1
Hawaii ................................................ Idaho .................................................. Illinois ................................................. Indiana ............................................... Iowa ...................................................
219.4 177.6 3 880.4 1 631.1 752.3
232.1 184.8 4 095.4 1 737.2 803.9
241.7 187.7 4 209.7 1 777.0 832.9
255.4 192.9 4 284.9 1 817.4 852.1
275.8 201.4 4 376.1 1 880.3 873.4
293.7 207.9 4 345.6 1 849.0 876.9
301.5 217.2 4 296.4 1 841.1 882.8
312.7 236.5 4 314.8 1 921.9 912.3
327.5 251.7 4 467.0 2 028.1 961.3
335.9 266.8 4 545.7 2 031.4 999.0
342.8 273.0 4 418.9 1 941.7 998.7
349.2 291.1 4 565.0 2 023.8 1 036.9
359.4 307.4 4 655.5 2 114.0 1 079.2
377.3 331.3 4 788.8 2 205.5 1 119.2
Kansas ............................................... Kentucky ............................................ Louisiana ............................................ Maine ................................................. Maryland ............................................
600.4 758.9 898.4 295.4 1 057.5
634.3 804.0 957.9 309.3 1 132.1
652.8 836.5 997.2 316.9 1 178.5
672.1 868.6 1 020.5 323.2 1 223.8
686.5 895.5 1 032.8 330.1 1 272.4
678.8 910.0 1 033.6 332.2 1 349.2
677.9 931.6 1 055.9 332.3 1 371.5
717.5 988.3 1 128.6 343.7 1 415.0
763.3 1 038.6 1 176.1 354.8 1 471.5
790.0 1 065.9 1 220.8 361.5 1 493.6
801.2 1 057.6 1 249.5 356.9 1 479.3
834.8 1 103.1 1 314.4 375.3 1 498.3
871.0 1 148.2 1 364.6 387.8 1 545.5
912.5 1 209.9 1 463.5 405.5 1 625.5
Massachusetts ................................... Michigan ............................................. Minnesota .......................................... Mississippi .......................................... Missouri ..............................................
2 015.8 2 685.3 1 080.6 486.6 1 478.3
2 097.4 2 861.0 1 148.3 521.6 1 554.2
2 147.9 2 900.5 1 199.8 535.1 1 595.6
2 187.9 2 959.7 1 243.4 551.9 1 631.3
2 249.4 3 081.1 1 299.8 573.0 1 672.2
2 243.5 2 999.1 1 315.3 583.9 1 668.1
2 211.4 2 995.0 1 310.2 602.2 1 660.9
2 251.7 3 118.9 1 357.1 649.3 1 700.1
2 333.4 3 284.4 1 436.1 693.2 1 770.8
2 353.8 3 277.7 1 481.0 710.8 1 789.3
2 273.1 3 136.6 1 474.4 692.3 1 740.6
2 323.5 3 283.0 1 520.9 727.5 1 797.8
2 416.1 3 442.3 1 597.3 765.9 1 861.9
2 526.3 3 609.4 1 689.3 813.7 1 953.2
Montana ............................................. Nebraska ............................................ Nevada ............................................... New Hampshire ................................. New Jersey ........................................
179.3 418.7 157.3 220.8 2 256.5
184.7 434.2 162.0 235.2 2 359.1
188.0 449.3 166.1 244.0 2 421.5
192.6 458.9 177.3 251.8 2 485.2
195.6 474.4 193.5 259.2 2 569.6
199.1 484.3 203.2 258.5 2 606.2
204.8 490.9 210.5 259.9 2 607.6
215.4 517.0 223.5 278.5 2 672.5
224.2 541.3 244.6 297.8 2 759.7
234.0 562.1 256.0 300.3 2 783.0
238.2 557.8 263.1 292.8 2 699.9
251.1 572.1 279.8 313.4 2 753.7
264.9 593.7 308.2 337.1 2 836.9
280.4 610.1 350.2 359.7 2 961.9
New Mexico ....................................... New York ........................................... North Carolina .................................... North Dakota ...................................... Ohio ...................................................
262.5 6 518.7 1 431.2 146.1 3 364.3
271.7 6 709.5 1 534.3 148.4 3 537.3
272.6 6 858.3 1 600.9 151.5 3 619.8
276.6 7 001.7 1 678.6 155.7 3 750.8
287.5 7 182.0 1 747.0 157.9 3 887.3
292.6 7 156.5 1 782.8 163.7 3 880.7
305.7 7 011.4 1 813.5 167.1 3 839.6
327.5 7 038.5 1 912.0 176.1 3 938.3
346.0 7 132.2 2 018.1 183.9 4 112.9
360.2 7 077.1 2 048.2 193.8 4 169.4
370.2 6 829.9 1 979.8 203.6 4 016.2
390.0 6 789.5 2 082.8 215.0 4 094.6
415.4 6 857.6 2 170.6 221.1 4 230.1
444.3 7 044.5 2 277.5 234.0 4 394.9
Oklahoma ........................................... Oregon ............................................... Pennsylvania ...................................... Rhode Island ...................................... South Carolina ...................................
642.5 608.3 3 917.5 316.3 686.0
676.0 640.4 4 077.1 329.9 734.9
699.6 652.2 4 171.3 338.3 754.5
720.4 679.1 4 263.5 343.0 782.9
748.2 708.7 4 374.9 346.4 819.8
762.5 710.6 4 351.6 344.0 842.0
774.4 728.8 4 291.3 342.8 862.6
812.0 774.7 4 400.0 358.1 920.3
851.9 816.2 4 506.5 365.9 984.0
886.9 838.2 4 514.6 367.0 1 015.8
899.7 837.3 4 435.8 349.2 982.6
931.1 878.5 4 512.8 366.7 1 038.1
971.6 936.9 4 565.2 381.7 1 081.7
1 035.7 1 009.2 4 716.2 395.8 1 137.5
South Dakota ..................................... Tennessee ......................................... Texas ................................................. Utah ................................................... Vermont .............................................
155.6 1 108.5 2 932.4 299.8 121.3
160.1 1 184.4 3 108.7 317.4 130.8
163.9 1 218.8 3 259.3 326.6 136.3
167.9 1 264.0 3 424.3 335.1 140.3
173.0 1 309.8 3 597.1 348.2 145.5
175.4 1 327.6 3 625.0 356.9 147.9
179.0 1 356.8 3 683.5 369.3 148.1
189.9 1 450.1 3 884.4 393.0 153.6
199.1 1 531.2 4 141.7 414.8 161.3
206.6 1 558.2 4 360.3 434.1 162.8
209.3 1 505.8 4 462.9 440.3 162.0
218.6 1 575.4 4 683.7 462.8 168.4
226.6 1 648.1 4 906.8 488.7 178.4
236.6 1 737.0 5 271.6 525.4 190.6
Virginia ............................................... Washington ........................................ West Virginia ...................................... Wisconsin ........................................... Wyoming ............................................
1 218.9 896.5 476.6 1 331.7 96.7
1 285.3 988.5 495.2 1 394.1 97.2
1 330.2 1 045.3 503.6 1 430.5 99.0
1 385.0 1 099.3 508.4 1 472.1 102.9
1 436.4 1 120.2 512.3 1 525.1 107.0
1 518.9 1 079.3 516.5 1 530.4 108.4
1 567.1 1 064.4 520.0 1 525.4 111.1
1 655.5 1 100.1 540.5 1 580.8 117.3
1 753.1 1 152.2 561.6 1 660.5 126.1
1 804.6 1 199.1 572.4 1 703.4 136.5
1 778.6 1 225.7 574.7 1 676.8 146.0
1 848.1 1 282.9 596.3 1 725.9 156.6
1 930.4 1 366.9 611.5 1 798.9 170.6
2 033.5 1 485.4 633.1 1 887.0 187.4
Puerto Rico ........................................ Virgin Islands .....................................
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... 33.1
... 31.3
... 32.2
... 33.8
. . . = Not available.
218
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 2-29. Employees on Total Nonfarm Payrolls by State, 1965–2004—Continued (Thousands of people.) State
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
Alabama ............................................................... Alaska .................................................................. Arizona ................................................................. Arkansas .............................................................. California ..............................................................
1 362.0 166.9 980.0 749.5 9 664.6
1 356.1 169.4 1 014.0 742.3 9 848.8
1 347.6 186.1 1 040.8 740.1 9 985.3
1 312.5 200.4 1 029.8 720.1 9 810.3
1 328.8 214.3 1 077.8 741.3 9 917.8
1 387.7 225.7 1 181.9 780.2 10 390.0
1 427.1 230.7 1 278.6 797.1 10 769.8
1 463.3 220.7 1 337.8 813.8 11 085.5
1 507.7 210.1 1 385.8 836.6 11 472.6
1 558.7 213.7 1 419.3 865.4 11 911.5
1 601.2 227.0 1 454.5 893.4 12 238.5
1 635.8 238.0 1 483.0 923.4 12 499.8
1 642.0 242.7 1 491.2 936.3 12 358.9
Colorado .............................................................. Connecticut .......................................................... Delaware .............................................................. District of Columbia .............................................. Florida .................................................................. Georgia ................................................................
1 218.0 1 398.0 256.7 612.5 3 381.2 2 127.5
1 251.1 1 426.9 259.2 616.1 3 576.2 2 159.4
1 295.2 1 438.3 259.2 611.0 3 736.0 2 198.7
1 316.6 1 428.5 259.2 597.9 3 761.9 2 201.5
1 327.2 1 444.2 266.1 596.6 3 905.4 2 279.5
1 402.3 1 517.3 280.0 613.8 4 204.2 2 448.7
1 418.7 1 558.2 293.3 629.0 4 410.0 2 569.8
1 408.3 1 598.4 303.2 640.0 4 599.4 2 672.4
1 412.6 1 638.2 320.7 655.6 4 848.1 2 782.0
1 436.1 1 667.4 334.2 673.6 5 066.6 2 875.9
1 482.3 1 665.6 344.5 680.6 5 260.9 2 941.1
1 520.8 1 623.5 347.4 686.0 5 387.4 2 991.8
1 544.9 1 555.2 341.7 677.2 5 294.3 2 937.6
Hawaii .................................................................. Idaho .................................................................... Illinois ................................................................... Indiana ................................................................. Iowa .....................................................................
394.0 338.0 4 880.0 2 236.3 1 131.7
404.1 330.0 4 850.3 2 129.5 1 109.9
404.8 327.8 4 732.3 2 114.5 1 088.6
399.4 312.2 4 593.3 2 028.1 1 041.9
406.2 317.9 4 530.6 2 029.5 1 040.4
412.7 330.5 4 672.3 2 122.3 1 074.7
425.8 336.0 4 755.3 2 168.6 1 074.2
438.6 328.2 4 790.7 2 221.8 1 073.8
460.0 333.4 4 928.3 2 304.9 1 109.1
478.1 348.6 5 097.5 2 395.6 1 156.2
505.5 365.8 5 213.9 2 479.3 1 200.1
528.4 385.0 5 288.4 2 521.9 1 226.3
539.1 398.1 5 231.5 2 507.3 1 238.1
Kansas ................................................................. Kentucky .............................................................. Louisiana ............................................................. Maine ................................................................... Maryland ..............................................................
946.8 1 245.3 1 517.4 415.9 1 691.4
944.7 1 210.0 1 578.9 418.3 1 712.0
949.8 1 196.4 1 630.5 419.3 1 715.8
921.4 1 160.7 1 607.0 415.5 1 675.6
921.5 1 152.3 1 565.2 425.1 1 723.8
960.8 1 213.8 1 601.5 445.7 1 814.0
967.9 1 250.4 1 591.2 458.4 1 887.8
984.8 1 274.1 1 518.5 477.4 1 952.0
1 005.1 1 328.2 1 483.6 501.1 2 028.0
1 035.4 1 381.9 1 511.6 527.1 2 102.3
1 064.2 1 433.0 1 538.5 541.9 2 155.2
1 088.4 1 470.5 1 589.8 535.0 2 174.2
1 095.3 1 474.7 1 612.9 513.4 2 103.2
Massachusetts ..................................................... Michigan .............................................................. Minnesota ............................................................ Mississippi ........................................................... Missouri ...............................................................
2 603.5 3 637.1 1 767.0 838.1 2 011.2
2 654.3 3 442.8 1 770.2 829.3 1 969.8
2 671.8 3 364.4 1 761.3 819.1 1 956.5
2 642.0 3 193.3 1 707.3 790.9 1 922.5
2 696.5 3 223.1 1 718.4 792.8 1 937.0
2 855.8 3 381.0 1 819.8 820.8 2 032.7
2 930.0 3 561.5 1 865.5 838.9 2 094.7
2 988.8 3 657.3 1 892.5 848.2 2 142.6
3 065.8 3 735.8 1 962.5 864.4 2 197.8
3 130.8 3 819.3 2 028.1 896.2 2 258.9
3 108.6 3 922.4 2 086.8 919.3 2 315.0
2 984.8 3 969.7 2 135.9 936.5 2 345.0
2 821.1 3 891.2 2 146.0 937.5 2 309.1
Montana ............................................................... Nebraska ............................................................. Nevada ................................................................ New Hampshire ................................................... New Jersey ..........................................................
283.9 631.2 383.7 378.5 3 027.2
280.4 627.6 399.9 385.4 3 060.4
281.9 623.2 411.1 394.6 3 098.9
273.7 609.8 401.1 394.4 3 092.7
276.0 610.8 402.8 409.5 3 165.1
281.1 635.4 426.0 441.6 3 329.2
279.1 650.5 446.4 466.1 3 414.1
275.4 652.5 468.1 490.1 3 488.1
274.1 667.2 500.2 512.8 3 576.3
282.9 688.1 537.6 529.0 3 651.0
291.0 708.0 581.0 529.1 3 689.8
297.2 730.1 620.9 508.0 3 635.1
303.6 739.2 628.6 482.0 3 498.6
New Mexico ......................................................... New York ............................................................. North Carolina ...................................................... North Dakota ........................................................ Ohio .....................................................................
461.0 7 179.4 2 373.0 244.2 4 484.8
465.4 7 207.1 2 380.1 245.2 4 367.4
475.5 7 287.3 2 391.6 249.4 4 317.7
473.6 7 254.6 2 347.0 249.7 4 124.3
479.5 7 313.3 2 419.3 250.7 4 092.5
502.7 7 570.4 2 565.2 252.5 4 260.2
520.2 7 751.3 2 651.2 252.0 4 372.9
525.9 7 907.9 2 744.1 249.9 4 471.5
529.3 8 059.4 2 862.6 252.4 4 582.6
547.5 8 186.9 2 986.6 256.8 4 700.6
562.2 8 246.8 3 073.9 260.4 4 817.5
580.4 8 212.3 3 117.6 265.8 4 882.3
585.4 7 886.7 3 072.1 270.6 4 818.6
Oklahoma ............................................................ Oregon ................................................................. Pennsylvania ....................................................... Rhode Island ........................................................ South Carolina .....................................................
1 088.0 1 056.0 4 806.1 399.9 1 176.0
1 138.1 1 044.5 4 753.1 398.3 1 188.8
1 201.2 1 018.7 4 728.9 401.4 1 196.5
1 216.9 961.1 4 580.1 390.5 1 162.3
1 170.7 966.7 4 524.3 396.4 1 189.0
1 180.3 1 006.9 4 654.8 416.4 1 262.5
1 165.3 1 030.0 4 730.3 429.2 1 296.2
1 124.4 1 058.5 4 790.9 442.6 1 338.0
1 108.5 1 100.1 4 915.1 451.9 1 392.2
1 131.5 1 152.8 5 041.7 459.4 1 449.0
1 163.8 1 205.8 5 138.5 461.9 1 499.7
1 195.8 1 247.0 5 170.2 451.2 1 545.0
1 210.9 1 244.6 5 083.6 421.5 1 513.5
South Dakota ....................................................... Tennessee ........................................................... Texas ................................................................... Utah ..................................................................... Vermont ...............................................................
241.3 1 777.3 5 601.8 548.4 197.9
238.0 1 746.6 5 851.3 550.8 200.1
236.1 1 755.4 6 180.0 558.0 204.3
230.2 1 703.1 6 263.4 560.9 202.9
235.3 1 719.0 6 193.6 567.0 206.4
247.0 1 812.1 6 492.3 601.2 214.9
249.4 1 867.8 6 663.1 624.4 224.8
251.9 1 929.8 6 564.2 634.1 234.4
256.9 2 011.7 6 516.9 640.0 245.6
266.1 2 092.1 6 677.8 660.0 256.1
276.0 2 167.2 6 840.0 691.1 261.8
288.7 2 193.2 7 096.8 723.6 257.7
296.4 2 183.6 7 176.5 745.3 249.1
Virginia ................................................................. Washington .......................................................... West Virginia ........................................................ Wisconsin ............................................................ Wyoming ..............................................................
2 115.0 1 581.2 658.6 1 960.2 200.7
2 157.0 1 608.3 645.9 1 938.1 210.2
2 160.8 1 612.0 628.5 1 923.2 223.5
2 146.4 1 568.6 607.8 1 866.7 217.7
2 206.9 1 586.2 582.4 1 867.3 202.5
2 333.3 1 659.6 596.6 1 949.2 204.3
2 454.7 1 710.4 597.2 1 983.1 206.9
2 557.7 1 769.9 597.5 2 023.9 196.3
2 680.4 1 851.8 599.0 2 089.6 183.1
2 772.5 1 941.4 609.8 2 168.5 189.0
2 861.9 2 046.8 614.7 2 236.4 192.8
2 896.2 2 143.0 630.0 2 291.5 198.5
2 828.9 2 177.3 628.8 2 302.1 203.0
Puerto Rico .......................................................... Virgin Islands .......................................................
... 36.1
... 37.3
... 37.7
... 36.5
... 36.4
... 36.6
... 36.9
... 37.7
... 39.6
... 41.5
... 42.0
... 43.0
... 43.8
. . . = Not available.
EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
219
Table 2-29. Employees on Total Nonfarm Payrolls by State, 1965–2004—Continued (Thousands of people.) State
1992
Alabama ............................................................... 1 674.4 Alaska .................................................................. 247.1 Arizona ................................................................. 1 517.1 Arkansas .............................................................. 963.0 California .............................................................. 12 153.5
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
1 716.8 252.8 1 584.4 993.9 12 045.4
1 758.5 259.3 1 692.0 1 034.0 12 159.5
1 803.7 261.9 1 795.3 1 069.3 12 422.0
1 828.6 263.5 1 892.2 1 085.9 12 743.4
1 866.2 268.7 1 984.5 1 103.9 13 129.7
1 898.1 274.9 2 074.7 1 122.1 13 596.1
1 919.5 277.8 2 163.0 1 141.7 13 991.8
1 931.2 283.8 2 242.7 1 158.5 14 488.2
1 908.7 289.3 2 265.0 1 153.7 14 601.9
1 883.2 295.0 2 265.1 1 146.3 14 457.8
1 875.5 299.4 2 296.3 1 145.1 14 392.3
1 901.6 304.0 2 373.5 1 158.7 14 538.8
Colorado .............................................................. Connecticut .......................................................... Delaware .............................................................. District of Columbia .............................................. Florida .................................................................. Georgia ................................................................
1 596.9 1 526.2 341.3 673.6 5 358.5 2 987.2
1 670.7 1 531.1 348.7 670.3 5 571.4 3 109.2
1 755.9 1 543.7 355.8 658.7 5 799.3 3 266.0
1 834.4 1 561.5 366.2 642.6 5 996.0 3 402.3
1 900.4 1 583.6 376.3 623.0 6 183.3 3 527.3
1 979.5 1 612.4 387.9 618.4 6 414.3 3 614.4
2 056.7 1 643.4 400.2 613.5 6 636.4 3 740.8
2 131.5 1 669.1 412.9 627.4 6 827.0 3 854.6
2 212.6 1 693.1 420.0 650.2 7 080.5 3 949.3
2 225.4 1 681.1 419.4 653.7 7 170.7 3 943.2
2 182.5 1 664.9 414.5 664.2 7 179.7 3 869.5
2 151.0 1 644.5 414.5 665.5 7 261.1 3 844.9
2 178.9 1 651.4 424.1 672.4 7 504.0 3 889.9
Hawaii .................................................................. Idaho .................................................................... Illinois ................................................................... Indiana ................................................................. Iowa .....................................................................
542.8 416.4 5 234.8 2 554.2 1 252.5
538.8 436.5 5 330.4 2 626.9 1 278.5
536.1 460.9 5 463.0 2 712.7 1 319.9
532.8 477.3 5 593.2 2 786.5 1 358.0
530.7 491.0 5 684.6 2 814.3 1 383.4
531.6 507.5 5 772.1 2 858.4 1 407.0
531.3 521.1 5 898.6 2 917.2 1 442.7
535.0 538.9 5 958.5 2 969.9 1 468.6
551.4 559.6 6 044.8 3 000.0 1 478.4
555.0 567.7 5 995.2 2 933.4 1 465.6
556.8 568.2 5 883.9 2 900.9 1 447.3
567.6 572.0 5 810.8 2 895.3 1 440.4
582.3 586.9 5 807.1 2 929.9 1 456.1
Kansas ................................................................. Kentucky .............................................................. Louisiana ............................................................. Maine ................................................................... Maryland ..............................................................
1 115.0 1 508.5 1 626.9 511.8 2 084.8
1 133.3 1 547.8 1 658.6 519.3 2 105.8
1 165.8 1 597.1 1 722.1 531.5 2 149.0
1 198.0 1 642.8 1 772.3 538.1 2 185.1
1 226.6 1 671.7 1 809.6 542.4 2 214.4
1 268.4 1 711.2 1 849.9 553.7 2 270.7
1 312.3 1 752.7 1 889.4 569.1 2 327.1
1 327.1 1 795.4 1 896.2 586.3 2 393.6
1 344.9 1 824.6 1 919.9 603.4 2 457.7
1 347.7 1 804.0 1 917.5 608.1 2 473.2
1 335.0 1 788.8 1 897.8 606.5 2 481.9
1 312.2 1 782.7 1 907.7 606.8 2 491.6
1 323.2 1 796.1 1 920.2 613.9 2 520.4
Massachusetts ..................................................... Michigan .............................................................. Minnesota ............................................................ Mississippi ........................................................... Missouri ...............................................................
2 795.1 3 927.5 2 194.2 960.2 2 333.6
2 840.1 4 005.8 2 251.9 1 002.1 2 394.6
2 903.6 4 146.9 2 319.6 1 055.5 2 470.4
2 976.6 4 273.9 2 387.8 1 074.5 2 520.9
3 035.3 4 360.8 2 442.5 1 088.8 2 567.4
3 109.2 4 448.1 2 500.0 1 107.1 2 639.3
3 178.6 4 510.2 2 564.3 1 133.6 2 684.0
3 236.8 4 581.9 2 622.3 1 153.1 2 726.8
3 322.6 4 673.9 2 684.9 1 153.5 2 748.7
3 327.2 4 555.9 2 689.5 1 129.9 2 730.4
3 246.6 4 477.8 2 664.5 1 123.6 2 698.9
3 185.1 4 409.6 2 660.2 1 114.9 2 680.5
3 180.4 4 390.8 2 677.5 1 125.0 2 692.9
Montana ............................................................... Nebraska ............................................................. Nevada ................................................................ New Hampshire ................................................... New Jersey ..........................................................
316.5 750.1 638.6 486.9 3 457.8
325.6 767.2 671.5 502.4 3 493.0
340.1 796.3 738.0 523.1 3 552.7
350.7 817.4 786.0 539.7 3 600.5
360.3 836.8 842.9 553.6 3 638.9
364.9 857.1 890.7 570.2 3 724.5
373.0 879.9 925.8 588.9 3 801.2
380.2 897.4 983.0 605.7 3 901.1
387.5 914.0 1 026.9 622.0 3 994.5
391.7 919.7 1 051.4 627.2 3 997.1
396.0 911.5 1 052.0 618.4 3 983.9
400.7 914.3 1 088.3 617.9 3 978.8
412.0 922.9 1 152.4 626.7 4 002.0
New Mexico ......................................................... New York ............................................................. North Carolina ...................................................... North Dakota ........................................................ Ohio .....................................................................
601.5 7 730.3 3 125.3 277.1 4 847.6
626.1 7 759.7 3 244.6 284.8 4 918.3
657.3 7 831.3 3 358.8 294.7 5 075.9
682.4 7 892.2 3 459.5 301.7 5 221.0
694.5 7 938.7 3 546.4 308.6 5 296.4
708.4 8 067.1 3 663.1 314.0 5 392.4
719.9 8 236.8 3 773.6 319.4 5 482.0
729.7 8 455.9 3 870.3 323.8 5 563.5
744.8 8 635.2 3 933.7 327.7 5 624.6
757.2 8 591.7 3 898.7 329.7 5 542.6
766.1 8 459.0 3 837.1 329.8 5 445.0
775.6 8 407.0 3 789.5 332.6 5 397.7
790.7 8 446.6 3 829.6 337.2 5 407.0
Oklahoma ............................................................ Oregon ................................................................. Pennsylvania ....................................................... Rhode Island ........................................................ South Carolina .....................................................
1 221.6 1 267.3 5 075.6 424.7 1 527.7
1 246.9 1 308.1 5 122.9 430.0 1 570.0
1 279.4 1 362.7 5 192.4 434.1 1 607.3
1 315.6 1 418.2 5 253.1 440.1 1 646.1
1 353.4 1 474.5 5 306.2 441.5 1 675.1
1 392.5 1 526.3 5 406.4 449.9 1 720.2
1 441.1 1 551.6 5 494.8 458.0 1 783.3
1 461.9 1 574.9 5 586.1 465.5 1 830.6
1 489.4 1 606.6 5 691.3 476.7 1 859.4
1 506.8 1 593.6 5 682.5 478.4 1 823.4
1 486.5 1 572.5 5 640.8 479.4 1 804.7
1 458.2 1 562.2 5 611.3 484.3 1 808.0
1 470.4 1 593.7 5 639.5 488.4 1 827.7
South Dakota ....................................................... Tennessee ........................................................... Texas ................................................................... Utah ..................................................................... Vermont ...............................................................
308.5 2 245.0 7 270.8 768.6 251.2
318.7 2 328.4 7 483.3 809.8 257.4
331.9 2 422.9 7 752.7 859.7 263.9
343.5 2 498.9 8 024.4 907.5 270.2
348.7 2 533.3 8 257.9 954.4 275.1
354.9 2 584.0 8 608.5 993.5 279.4
363.2 2 638.3 8 938.3 1 023.2 285.0
373.3 2 685.3 9 155.0 1 048.5 291.6
377.7 2 728.9 9 426.7 1 075.4 298.7
378.5 2 688.3 9 513.9 1 081.3 302.1
377.3 2 664.4 9 416.0 1 073.4 299.3
378.2 2 662.7 9 370.0 1 074.1 299.2
382.9 2 701.1 9 478.3 1 103.2 303.2
Virginia ................................................................. Washington .......................................................... West Virginia ........................................................ Wisconsin ............................................................ Wyoming ..............................................................
2 848.4 2 222.4 639.8 2 357.9 205.6
2 918.9 2 252.9 652.4 2 412.7 210.3
3 003.6 2 304.2 674.4 2 490.7 216.8
3 069.6 2 346.9 687.8 2 558.6 219.3
3 135.8 2 415.5 698.6 2 600.6 221.1
3 231.8 2 514.2 707.8 2 655.8 224.5
3 319.9 2 594.9 719.3 2 718.0 228.3
3 412.3 2 648.6 726.0 2 784.0 233.1
3 516.5 2 711.2 735.8 2 833.8 239.3
3 516.5 2 697.0 735.2 2 813.9 245.4
3 494.1 2 654.1 733.1 2 782.4 247.9
3 497.4 2 657.8 727.6 2 775.3 250.0
3 584.3 2 698.2 736.2 2 803.2 255.4
Puerto Rico .......................................................... Virgin Islands .......................................................
... 44.9
... 48.5
... 44.4
... 41.9
... 41.1
... 41.7
... 41.7
... 40.9
... 41.6
... 44.2
... 43.0
1 021.6 41.9
1 039.5 42.8
. . . = Not available.
220
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 2-30. Employees on Manufacturing Payrolls by State, NAICS Basis, 1990–2004 (Thousands of people.) State
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Alabama .................................. Alaska ..................................... Arizona .................................... Arkansas ................................. California .................................
363.8 14.1 176.5 219.3 1 959.8
354.2 15.1 170.7 219.1 1 885.2
356.8 15.8 166.8 223.6 1 787.0
359.3 15.1 169.6 230.6 1 695.2
361.8 14.4 181.7 240.2 1 683.8
370.3 14.7 191.3 246.0 1 714.9
362.2 14.4 199.1 240.7 1 772.4
363.8 13.9 204.8 240.7 1 825.1
364.6 13.0 210.5 241.6 1 857.2
357.5 11.8 207.4 240.7 1 829.9
351.4 11.8 209.9 240.3 1 857.5
325.5 11.7 201.7 226.9 1 785.6
307.4 11.3 183.5 213.7 1 638.2
293.8 11.7 175.3 205.8 1 547.9
290.9 12.2 175.8 204.0 1 532.7
Colorado ................................. Connecticut ............................. Delaware ................................. District of Columbia ................. Florida ..................................... Georgia ...................................
169.8 298.3 45.8 7.3 485.8 505.9
164.9 285.0 45.9 6.2 455.5 482.9
163.6 273.6 44.2 5.4 449.8 491.0
166.5 261.5 43.8 5.2 455.1 511.0
172.5 253.4 43.3 5.1 451.1 526.4
179.5 248.5 43.4 4.9 456.6 539.6
182.9 245.3 41.4 4.5 462.5 543.9
189.3 245.3 43.1 4.3 463.3 547.1
194.4 247.8 44.0 3.9 459.5 545.2
190.7 240.2 44.0 3.8 455.5 542.6
191.3 235.6 41.5 3.7 455.0 530.5
181.9 226.7 39.4 3.4 432.3 498.3
166.1 211.2 37.1 3.1 405.6 466.7
156.0 200.0 35.7 2.5 387.5 452.0
154.6 197.5 34.9 2.5 387.6 445.2
Hawaii ..................................... Idaho ....................................... Illinois ...................................... Indiana .................................... Iowa ........................................
20.4 52.6 914.6 609.1 218.9
19.4 55.4 875.7 589.8 216.4
18.8 57.9 855.1 600.5 216.3
17.5 61.0 860.3 614.4 220.7
16.8 63.0 877.8 625.3 229.8
16.2 63.1 893.5 651.3 236.5
15.9 66.1 898.7 645.8 234.7
15.8 68.2 902.2 650.8 239.0
15.6 69.3 905.9 656.7 250.8
15.9 68.9 882.1 664.7 252.7
16.4 69.9 870.5 663.5 251.4
16.4 68.3 815.4 615.4 240.2
15.2 64.9 753.9 588.4 227.3
15.0 62.0 714.1 572.7 220.0
15.4 61.5 697.3 572.2 222.9
Kansas .................................... Kentucky ................................. Louisiana ................................ Maine ...................................... Maryland .................................
177.5 272.7 176.7 92.9 198.2
174.5 266.7 178.5 87.6 187.4
174.2 271.4 177.3 84.0 180.0
172.2 278.6 176.8 82.5 176.4
175.9 289.4 179.0 83.3 176.7
179.9 298.6 182.0 83.2 176.8
185.7 297.7 183.4 81.2 174.0
198.1 302.4 185.6 80.6 175.2
205.7 306.5 184.9 81.1 175.3
204.0 309.0 181.4 80.5 173.6
200.6 310.4 177.4 79.5 173.9
195.3 291.8 171.8 74.6 168.2
183.9 275.1 160.7 68.0 156.5
174.6 265.4 155.8 64.1 147.0
176.4 263.9 152.2 63.1 142.8
Massachusetts ........................ Michigan ................................. Minnesota ............................... Mississippi .............................. Missouri ..................................
485.7 837.6 341.4 229.0 392.1
452.1 793.0 339.2 230.4 373.4
436.6 796.3 342.5 235.9 366.4
424.8 805.7 351.0 239.1 365.2
418.4 848.4 361.2 244.3 366.2
417.3 873.0 374.7 241.1 377.1
415.9 866.0 380.9 230.6 375.7
417.4 873.4 391.1 228.4 376.6
417.9 889.9 396.9 233.8 378.6
405.2 898.1 395.4 232.9 374.5
407.9 896.7 396.5 222.5 364.5
388.6 819.6 378.5 200.8 344.9
348.8 760.0 355.8 187.9 325.4
324.3 716.3 343.3 179.0 314.5
313.8 695.8 342.7 179.4 312.2
Montana .................................. Nebraska ................................ Nevada ................................... New Hampshire ...................... New Jersey .............................
19.5 97.7 24.2 98.5 529.5
19.1 97.2 24.6 92.1 498.3
20.0 97.9 26.1 89.6 474.0
20.4 100.5 29.2 91.3 462.9
20.7 105.6 32.7 94.2 455.9
21.2 109.9 35.7 97.1 448.6
21.9 111.3 38.0 98.8 437.4
22.2 112.7 39.5 101.5 435.4
22.1 114.4 40.5 103.6 429.3
22.5 113.4 41.0 101.2 422.4
22.5 114.3 42.7 102.5 421.5
21.4 110.8 44.0 97.4 401.2
20.0 106.0 42.9 85.0 367.5
19.0 102.3 43.7 80.4 350.4
19.1 100.7 45.9 80.3 338.9
New Mexico ............................ New York ................................ North Carolina ......................... North Dakota ........................... Ohio ........................................
38.0 983.1 823.9 15.8 1 064.6
37.6 909.9 784.7 16.3 1 023.1
37.2 869.7 795.7 17.0 994.4
39.1 836.4 813.1 18.1 980.5
41.7 815.7 817.3 19.7 1 003.6
42.5 810.3 821.2 20.0 1 037.4
42.6 796.8 807.6 20.5 1 030.1
42.7 797.1 799.9 22.1 1 027.8
42.5 791.8 796.2 22.5 1 030.6
41.2 772.8 776.5 22.8 1 027.6
41.7 750.8 757.9 23.9 1 021.0
40.9 708.2 704.0 24.0 953.0
38.4 652.2 643.5 23.7 885.0
36.5 613.4 599.3 23.5 843.1
35.9 596.0 579.5 24.5 824.5
Oklahoma ............................... Oregon .................................... Pennsylvania .......................... Rhode Island ........................... South Carolina ........................
156.6 202.7 947.1 95.1 347.8
156.6 195.2 908.8 87.4 333.6
152.7 191.7 887.6 84.8 337.5
156.5 192.2 875.4 83.5 341.7
158.8 199.7 877.9 82.5 345.3
161.5 208.1 878.5 80.3 346.8
162.9 215.7 864.8 77.3 338.8
168.9 225.3 868.9 76.2 338.5
175.6 227.0 871.8 74.8 341.2
177.3 223.0 862.5 72.1 336.1
177.5 223.4 862.3 71.1 336.2
169.8 215.7 820.6 67.8 313.6
152.3 201.6 758.9 62.3 289.7
143.2 194.9 711.6 58.7 275.9
141.8 199.5 691.2 56.9 268.5
South Dakota .......................... Tennessee .............................. Texas ...................................... Utah ........................................ Vermont ..................................
33.5 493.4 947.7 103.5 42.7
34.1 480.3 936.3 102.5 40.1
36.0 492.8 928.7 102.4 39.7
38.0 502.8 942.2 106.4 39.9
40.9 513.7 966.2 111.6 40.4
43.5 517.9 995.3 116.8 41.2
43.6 501.5 1 016.9 121.5 42.6
44.2 498.0 1 045.1 125.6 43.8
44.0 498.6 1 077.3 126.8 44.6
44.2 494.7 1 063.3 126.0 45.3
43.8 488.0 1 068.0 125.5 46.3
40.9 454.2 1 026.8 122.0 45.6
38.4 428.5 948.7 113.9 40.5
37.7 413.2 900.0 112.3 37.5
38.9 411.5 889.5 114.9 37.0
Virginia .................................... Washington ............................. West Virginia ........................... Wisconsin ............................... Wyoming .................................
387.2 336.0 82.0 523.0 9.1
375.7 328.6 79.0 512.6 9.1
372.7 325.0 78.3 516.8 9.3
370.2 312.9 78.8 526.2 9.6
370.8 311.6 77.2 546.1 10.0
373.1 311.3 78.4 566.6 10.1
370.8 324.9 77.6 567.6 10.0
374.4 350.3 76.9 579.2 10.1
375.5 360.5 77.7 593.2 10.2
366.8 343.4 76.9 594.8 10.2
363.5 331.8 75.9 594.1 10.4
341.2 316.1 72.2 560.3 10.0
320.0 285.0 68.7 528.3 9.5
304.9 267.1 64.5 504.0 9.3
299.2 263.5 63.0 501.8 9.5
Puerto Rico ............................. Virgin Islands ..........................
... 2.2
... 2.4
... 2.5
... 2.8
... 2.7
... 2.3
... 2.2
... 2.1
... 2.2
... 2.2
... 2.2
... 2.1
... 2.1
118.2 2.0
117.8 2.1
. . . = Not available.
EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
221
Table 2-31. Employees on Manufacturing Payrolls by State, SIC Basis, 1964–1989 (Thousands of people.) State
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
Alabama ..................................... Alaska ......................................... Arizona ....................................... Arkansas ..................................... California ....................................
259.2 5.6 59.5 126.7 1 389.4
279.2 6.3 64.9 135.9 1 411.2
296.9 6.6 77.7 149.7 1 531.3
300.6 6.6 79.1 153.4 1 594.0
310.0 6.9 84.9 159.0 1 639.7
327.3 7.3 94.2 169.1 1 661.3
327.2 8.6 91.2 168.6 1 558.0
322.7 7.8 89.2 172.5 1 473.2
333.4 8.1 98.7 185.2 1 542.7
350.9 9.5 110.2 200.4 1 660.7
353.7 9.7 112.9 203.9 1 701.3
321.9 9.6 99.8 179.2 1 593.7
340.2 10.3 105.6 195.1 1 659.8
Colorado ..................................... Connecticut ................................. Delaware .................................... Florida ......................................... Georgia .......................................
93.5 421.0 61.9 237.9 378.9
92.6 436.1 67.8 252.6 403.9
102.7 471.4 71.0 276.1 431.5
106.1 479.5 71.7 293.8 438.9
110.5 474.3 72.9 311.4 452.9
118.3 471.7 73.6 329.2 477.6
120.8 441.9 71.1 322.5 467.1
123.5 399.0 68.8 322.7 461.7
131.5 400.1 69.4 351.3 476.6
143.3 420.2 73.7 380.6 494.5
146.6 430.9 70.8 375.9 483.7
137.2 389.8 65.7 339.4 439.3
144.5 397.0 68.2 354.0 476.3
Hawaii ......................................... Idaho ........................................... Illinois .......................................... Indiana ........................................ Iowa ............................................
25.2 31.8 1 253.3 630.9 183.5
24.5 33.3 1 318.4 673.6 192.9
24.2 35.6 1 410.5 719.7 212.1
24.7 35.3 1 409.6 716.0 219.3
23.8 37.9 1 404.0 722.9 223.1
25.2 39.9 1 417.4 752.3 225.4
25.6 40.3 1 358.6 710.2 216.0
25.2 41.2 1 282.4 683.4 209.8
24.9 43.6 1 284.2 709.4 222.9
23.8 46.9 1 353.5 758.2 241.3
22.7 48.0 1 345.1 737.2 249.9
23.7 47.8 1 199.8 647.2 230.4
23.4 52.0 1 215.2 685.1 234.0
Kansas ........................................ Kentucky ..................................... Louisiana .................................... Maine .......................................... Maryland .....................................
123.1 194.0 155.4 104.0 258.2
124.7 207.8 161.1 108.0 264.8
142.3 228.6 168.3 115.0 279.8
149.3 234.2 176.7 116.3 283.3
151.0 242.9 181.9 118.0 280.6
150.6 250.4 184.6 115.7 281.7
137.2 255.4 179.0 110.4 271.4
132.5 253.3 177.7 102.7 252.4
145.7 268.3 183.2 102.4 248.8
164.5 288.3 190.5 104.5 257.0
169.2 290.9 192.5 105.1 254.5
164.2 259.7 186.2 96.3 230.0
166.6 273.3 195.4 102.5 232.4
Massachusetts ............................ Michigan ..................................... Minnesota ................................... Mississippi .................................. Missouri ......................................
649.9 1 032.0 246.4 140.4 405.7
668.2 1 112.4 261.6 153.0 420.1
699.1 1 179.6 287.4 166.6 448.7
700.8 1 148.8 302.2 167.4 457.4
689.5 1 172.5 314.7 175.5 462.7
681.5 1 203.8 331.4 182.5 465.7
648.2 1 081.1 318.7 182.1 449.4
605.7 1 059.2 298.8 189.5 430.3
610.2 1 097.4 310.2 207.7 441.5
634.7 1 178.8 331.2 221.0 459.7
639.3 1 114.0 340.7 220.0 451.6
577.8 983.7 313.0 201.8 405.3
593.6 1 061.7 321.7 218.9 424.9
Montana ...................................... Nebraska .................................... Nevada ....................................... New Hampshire .......................... New Jersey .................................
21.4 67.2 6.9 85.6 806.7
22.1 68.7 7.1 89.8 837.5
22.9 74.7 7.1 96.0 879.3
22.4 79.7 6.8 97.6 882.8
23.2 82.8 7.1 99.7 893.7
24.1 86.2 8.2 97.9 892.5
23.9 84.5 8.6 91.6 860.7
23.9 82.6 8.8 86.3 818.3
24.5 85.0 9.8 90.8 823.3
24.8 90.5 11.8 96.0 842.6
24.5 93.4 12.3 94.2 825.9
22.1 85.4 12.2 85.1 747.9
23.7 87.9 13.0 94.5 756.2
New Mexico ................................ New York .................................... North Carolina ............................ North Dakota .............................. Ohio ............................................
17.9 1 794.8 557.1 8.4 1 259.1
17.6 1 838.1 590.6 8.7 1 326.0
18.6 1 894.5 638.1 8.9 1 404.4
18.3 1 885.7 657.5 8.6 1 401.4
18.5 1 879.0 686.1 8.9 1 433.5
20.7 1 870.8 714.0 9.0 1 471.0
21.4 1 760.6 713.0 9.9 1 409.9
22.6 1 633.5 716.2 10.2 1 333.8
26.1 1 602.2 756.8 10.8 1 346.8
28.9 1 619.1 796.9 12.6 1 426.3
29.6 1 574.6 789.6 14.7 1 416.6
28.6 1 421.9 715.5 16.2 1 267.5
30.3 1 438.9 756.3 16.2 1 295.3
Oklahoma ................................... Oregon ........................................ Pennsylvania .............................. Rhode Island .............................. South Carolina ............................
96.6 151.7 1 434.8 116.0 277.7
103.0 158.2 1 494.1 121.0 293.0
113.3 167.2 1 565.3 127.6 313.7
116.4 165.4 1 562.4 127.4 319.0
121.7 173.7 1 570.0 127.4 327.3
129.9 180.5 1 588.9 127.9 341.5
134.1 172.3 1 528.8 120.9 340.3
132.7 174.3 1 438.1 115.2 337.2
141.1 184.2 1 444.0 121.0 354.3
151.9 196.9 1 480.1 125.6 374.9
156.7 197.1 1 464.5 126.0 375.9
150.7 182.3 1 334.8 112.7 339.9
156.1 193.7 1 335.2 122.9 371.0
South Dakota .............................. Tennessee .................................. Texas .......................................... Utah ............................................ Vermont ......................................
13.3 361.5 540.5 52.5 34.7
13.5 386.6 572.1 50.0 38.6
14.3 424.2 622.1 51.2 43.4
15.4 434.8 661.9 50.9 44.2
15.9 454.3 709.4 51.9 43.7
15.9 469.0 750.2 54.8 43.4
15.8 463.8 734.3 56.0 40.5
16.5 459.5 710.5 56.5 37.9
18.4 489.2 738.7 60.5 38.5
19.8 519.4 790.2 65.1 41.6
20.9 513.3 831.3 70.4 42.8
19.8 459.0 815.9 67.5 39.5
22.2 486.1 862.3 70.7 41.0
Virginia ........................................ Washington ................................. West Virginia .............................. Wisconsin ................................... Wyoming .....................................
308.6 219.3 126.2 469.6 7.7
322.5 227.0 129.2 491.9 7.1
340.0 265.2 133.0 508.6 6.8
346.0 277.1 133.2 508.7 7.1
362.7 286.9 132.4 510.3 6.8
371.0 278.5 131.0 520.9 7.4
366.0 239.5 126.5 500.9 7.4
366.2 214.7 122.9 479.6 7.5
387.8 224.1 123.3 495.4 7.9
401.8 244.2 129.0 531.7 8.4
401.9 253.6 132.1 546.1 8.4
371.5 244.0 121.1 507.0 8.3
387.7 247.4 124.4 519.4 8.4
Puerto Rico ................................. Virgin Islands ..............................
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... 3.1
... 3.1
. . . = Not available.
222
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 2-31. Employees on Manufacturing Payrolls by State, SIC Basis, 1964–1989—Continued (Thousands of people.) State
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
Alabama ..................................... Alaska ......................................... Arizona ....................................... Arkansas ..................................... California ....................................
259.2 5.6 59.5 126.7 1 389.4
279.2 6.3 64.9 135.9 1 411.2
296.9 6.6 77.7 149.7 1 531.3
300.6 6.6 79.1 153.4 1 594.0
310.0 6.9 84.9 159.0 1 639.7
327.3 7.3 94.2 169.1 1 661.3
327.2 8.6 91.2 168.6 1 558.0
322.7 7.8 89.2 172.5 1 473.2
333.4 8.1 98.7 185.2 1 542.7
350.9 9.5 110.2 200.4 1 660.7
353.7 9.7 112.9 203.9 1 701.3
321.9 9.6 99.8 179.2 1 593.7
340.2 10.3 105.6 195.1 1 659.8
Colorado ..................................... Connecticut ................................. Delaware .................................... Florida ......................................... Georgia .......................................
93.5 421.0 61.9 237.9 378.9
92.6 436.1 67.8 252.6 403.9
102.7 471.4 71.0 276.1 431.5
106.1 479.5 71.7 293.8 438.9
110.5 474.3 72.9 311.4 452.9
118.3 471.7 73.6 329.2 477.6
120.8 441.9 71.1 322.5 467.1
123.5 399.0 68.8 322.7 461.7
131.5 400.1 69.4 351.3 476.6
143.3 420.2 73.7 380.6 494.5
146.6 430.9 70.8 375.9 483.7
137.2 389.8 65.7 339.4 439.3
144.5 397.0 68.2 354.0 476.3
Hawaii ......................................... Idaho ........................................... Illinois .......................................... Indiana ........................................ Iowa ............................................
25.2 31.8 1 253.3 630.9 183.5
24.5 33.3 1 318.4 673.6 192.9
24.2 35.6 1 410.5 719.7 212.1
24.7 35.3 1 409.6 716.0 219.3
23.8 37.9 1 404.0 722.9 223.1
25.2 39.9 1 417.4 752.3 225.4
25.6 40.3 1 358.6 710.2 216.0
25.2 41.2 1 282.4 683.4 209.8
24.9 43.6 1 284.2 709.4 222.9
23.8 46.9 1 353.5 758.2 241.3
22.7 48.0 1 345.1 737.2 249.9
23.7 47.8 1 199.8 647.2 230.4
23.4 52.0 1 215.2 685.1 234.0
Kansas ........................................ Kentucky ..................................... Louisiana .................................... Maine .......................................... Maryland .....................................
123.1 194.0 155.4 104.0 258.2
124.7 207.8 161.1 108.0 264.8
142.3 228.6 168.3 115.0 279.8
149.3 234.2 176.7 116.3 283.3
151.0 242.9 181.9 118.0 280.6
150.6 250.4 184.6 115.7 281.7
137.2 255.4 179.0 110.4 271.4
132.5 253.3 177.7 102.7 252.4
145.7 268.3 183.2 102.4 248.8
164.5 288.3 190.5 104.5 257.0
169.2 290.9 192.5 105.1 254.5
164.2 259.7 186.2 96.3 230.0
166.6 273.3 195.4 102.5 232.4
Massachusetts ............................ Michigan ..................................... Minnesota ................................... Mississippi .................................. Missouri ......................................
649.9 1 032.0 246.4 140.4 405.7
668.2 1 112.4 261.6 153.0 420.1
699.1 1 179.6 287.4 166.6 448.7
700.8 1 148.8 302.2 167.4 457.4
689.5 1 172.5 314.7 175.5 462.7
681.5 1 203.8 331.4 182.5 465.7
648.2 1 081.1 318.7 182.1 449.4
605.7 1 059.2 298.8 189.5 430.3
610.2 1 097.4 310.2 207.7 441.5
634.7 1 178.8 331.2 221.0 459.7
639.3 1 114.0 340.7 220.0 451.6
577.8 983.7 313.0 201.8 405.3
593.6 1 061.7 321.7 218.9 424.9
Montana ...................................... Nebraska .................................... Nevada ....................................... New Hampshire .......................... New Jersey .................................
21.4 67.2 6.9 85.6 806.7
22.1 68.7 7.1 89.8 837.5
22.9 74.7 7.1 96.0 879.3
22.4 79.7 6.8 97.6 882.8
23.2 82.8 7.1 99.7 893.7
24.1 86.2 8.2 97.9 892.5
23.9 84.5 8.6 91.6 860.7
23.9 82.6 8.8 86.3 818.3
24.5 85.0 9.8 90.8 823.3
24.8 90.5 11.8 96.0 842.6
24.5 93.4 12.3 94.2 825.9
22.1 85.4 12.2 85.1 747.9
23.7 87.9 13.0 94.5 756.2
New Mexico ................................ New York .................................... North Carolina ............................ North Dakota .............................. Ohio ............................................
17.9 1 794.8 557.1 8.4 1 259.1
17.6 1 838.1 590.6 8.7 1 326.0
18.6 1 894.5 638.1 8.9 1 404.4
18.3 1 885.7 657.5 8.6 1 401.4
18.5 1 879.0 686.1 8.9 1 433.5
20.7 1 870.8 714.0 9.0 1 471.0
21.4 1 760.6 713.0 9.9 1 409.9
22.6 1 633.5 716.2 10.2 1 333.8
26.1 1 602.2 756.8 10.8 1 346.8
28.9 1 619.1 796.9 12.6 1 426.3
29.6 1 574.6 789.6 14.7 1 416.6
28.6 1 421.9 715.5 16.2 1 267.5
30.3 1 438.9 756.3 16.2 1 295.3
Oklahoma ................................... Oregon ........................................ Pennsylvania .............................. Rhode Island .............................. South Carolina ............................
96.6 151.7 1 434.8 116.0 277.7
103.0 158.2 1 494.1 121.0 293.0
113.3 167.2 1 565.3 127.6 313.7
116.4 165.4 1 562.4 127.4 319.0
121.7 173.7 1 570.0 127.4 327.3
129.9 180.5 1 588.9 127.9 341.5
134.1 172.3 1 528.8 120.9 340.3
132.7 174.3 1 438.1 115.2 337.2
141.1 184.2 1 444.0 121.0 354.3
151.9 196.9 1 480.1 125.6 374.9
156.7 197.1 1 464.5 126.0 375.9
150.7 182.3 1 334.8 112.7 339.9
156.1 193.7 1 335.2 122.9 371.0
South Dakota .............................. Tennessee .................................. Texas .......................................... Utah ............................................ Vermont ......................................
13.3 361.5 540.5 52.5 34.7
13.5 386.6 572.1 50.0 38.6
14.3 424.2 622.1 51.2 43.4
15.4 434.8 661.9 50.9 44.2
15.9 454.3 709.4 51.9 43.7
15.9 469.0 750.2 54.8 43.4
15.8 463.8 734.3 56.0 40.5
16.5 459.5 710.5 56.5 37.9
18.4 489.2 738.7 60.5 38.5
19.8 519.4 790.2 65.1 41.6
20.9 513.3 831.3 70.4 42.8
19.8 459.0 815.9 67.5 39.5
22.2 486.1 862.3 70.7 41.0
Virginia ........................................ Washington ................................. West Virginia .............................. Wisconsin ................................... Wyoming .....................................
308.6 219.3 126.2 469.6 7.7
322.5 227.0 129.2 491.9 7.1
340.0 265.2 133.0 508.6 6.8
346.0 277.1 133.2 508.7 7.1
362.7 286.9 132.4 510.3 6.8
371.0 278.5 131.0 520.9 7.4
366.0 239.5 126.5 500.9 7.4
366.2 214.7 122.9 479.6 7.5
387.8 224.1 123.3 495.4 7.9
401.8 244.2 129.0 531.7 8.4
401.9 253.6 132.1 546.1 8.4
371.5 244.0 121.1 507.0 8.3
387.7 247.4 124.4 519.4 8.4
Puerto Rico ................................. Virgin Islands ..............................
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... 3.1
... 3.1
. . . = Not available.
EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
223
Table 2-32. Employees on Government Payrolls by State, NAICS Basis, 1990–2004 (Thousands of people.) State
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Alabama ........................................ Alaska ............................................ Arizona .......................................... Arkansas ....................................... California .......................................
326.7 71.0 258.9 159.2 2 074.8
332.6 71.6 271.1 163.2 2 090.6
337.9 73.3 276.7 167.1 2 095.6
340.7 74.6 286.6 169.7 2 080.6
346.0 73.8 294.3 172.9 2 093.2
343.2 72.7 310.4 177.1 2 107.0
342.9 73.0 317.8 180.2 2 113.3
346.2 73.2 328.2 183.3 2 140.7
347.1 73.6 341.4 185.1 2 166.1
350.8 73.6 354.1 187.4 2 239.3
351.7 74.4 366.6 190.7 2 318.1
352.0 78.9 377.8 193.7 2 382.0
354.6 80.6 390.4 195.4 2 447.1
358.4 81.6 393.5 198.5 2 425.5
359.9 81.2 400.7 200.7 2 390.3
Colorado ........................................ Connecticut ................................... Delaware ....................................... District of Columbia ....................... Florida ........................................... Georgia ..........................................
276.8 210.3 47.9 277.3 846.6 531.9
283.3 207.6 48.0 281.2 859.3 536.6
291.0 207.3 48.6 285.8 870.1 537.1
296.7 210.7 49.6 285.2 881.6 548.1
299.3 217.2 50.3 270.4 910.5 564.0
303.7 220.8 50.7 254.8 918.3 570.3
308.7 222.8 52.4 240.4 928.3 569.5
315.6 225.7 53.1 233.1 942.1 577.3
322.3 227.7 54.3 225.8 954.8 586.0
328.4 235.1 55.1 222.4 965.6 589.6
337.0 241.8 56.6 223.9 1 001.7 597.2
344.1 244.4 56.9 226.1 1 023.4 610.3
355.4 249.3 57.1 231.7 1 039.2 624.8
356.2 246.0 57.2 230.6 1 053.0 632.4
359.2 242.4 58.1 230.6 1 069.0 638.4
Hawaii ............................................ Idaho ............................................. Illinois ............................................ Indiana ........................................... Iowa ...............................................
105.6 81.3 765.9 378.5 218.9
108.9 84.3 770.5 379.9 220.6
111.1 88.1 773.8 387.5 221.0
111.5 90.4 774.4 391.3 222.4
111.8 92.9 786.0 390.6 226.9
111.4 95.7 798.6 391.6 230.2
110.5 97.0 809.3 391.0 232.8
111.7 100.0 808.3 391.9 234.6
112.1 102.6 816.0 399.1 236.1
112.7 105.2 825.5 402.6 239.4
114.6 108.8 839.6 410.3 243.3
114.5 110.1 850.4 410.0 245.2
117.9 112.0 861.0 417.0 244.0
119.1 113.0 853.2 422.6 244.8
120.1 114.2 843.9 426.1 244.3
Kansas .......................................... Kentucky ........................................ Louisiana ....................................... Maine ............................................. Maryland ........................................
214.4 260.2 326.1 95.7 422.6
218.9 267.3 332.3 95.8 420.2
225.7 273.2 339.5 95.7 418.5
229.5 276.5 341.9 95.3 420.6
233.3 280.5 351.4 94.1 423.0
236.7 286.8 358.3 93.2 424.1
233.5 288.8 361.8 92.8 424.1
235.5 290.8 364.1 92.9 424.0
239.8 294.6 367.2 94.6 434.7
239.6 301.1 370.3 96.6 446.1
244.9 305.1 373.4 99.5 452.7
248.1 310.7 373.7 102.0 458.3
250.8 314.8 374.9 103.1 466.2
250.4 312.5 379.3 103.7 467.1
252.0 309.4 382.5 104.9 465.9
Massachusetts .............................. Michigan ........................................ Minnesota ...................................... Mississippi ..................................... Missouri .........................................
402.1 633.9 346.9 203.3 369.7
389.9 635.8 351.0 203.9 370.6
382.5 639.0 355.3 207.8 370.6
387.4 639.4 361.3 210.1 376.8
389.9 639.0 368.7 213.7 384.9
395.0 640.9 387.1 214.6 389.9
399.9 643.8 388.7 216.8 400.7
404.5 647.4 388.8 219.0 412.8
411.5 656.0 390.5 223.4 414.1
417.4 667.6 396.6 227.0 421.3
423.9 681.6 407.6 233.8 426.2
428.2 686.3 409.3 237.5 428.7
423.4 686.6 414.0 240.1 431.1
412.6 685.4 412.5 240.8 432.2
407.6 682.1 411.1 242.5 429.3
Montana ........................................ Nebraska ....................................... Nevada .......................................... New Hampshire ............................. New Jersey ....................................
71.3 143.4 75.6 72.6 576.7
71.8 145.6 81.2 72.4 571.5
74.2 147.6 86.0 73.1 571.8
74.1 149.0 88.5 74.3 570.6
76.3 151.6 92.2 76.1 573.3
76.9 150.8 96.5 76.2 573.3
77.0 151.4 101.1 77.9 570.6
77.4 152.2 106.5 78.8 570.2
78.5 150.9 111.7 79.7 571.6
78.8 151.4 117.4 81.5 577.5
80.3 154.4 121.7 83.5 588.8
84.1 156.8 126.8 85.8 602.6
84.9 158.9 130.8 88.3 613.5
85.8 159.8 134.9 90.1 621.9
87.0 160.1 138.5 89.7 634.1
New Mexico ................................... New York ....................................... North Carolina ............................... North Dakota ................................. Ohio ...............................................
149.7 1 473.4 491.9 65.4 722.2
152.2 1 445.1 501.7 65.6 727.9
156.0 1 428.0 502.4 66.7 735.0
159.1 1 433.3 527.0 67.1 735.5
163.0 1 436.0 538.6 67.2 741.0
166.4 1 416.5 550.5 71.1 748.7
171.4 1 400.6 561.3 70.8 752.2
176.9 1 406.9 576.3 70.7 757.8
178.4 1 424.0 593.6 71.0 763.4
180.2 1 445.3 604.2 71.8 772.1
183.0 1 467.7 622.2 73.0 785.0
185.5 1 467.8 636.0 73.4 794.0
190.9 1 492.6 641.5 74.2 800.2
195.1 1 487.8 641.4 75.3 802.6
198.3 1 483.3 650.7 74.6 801.8
Oklahoma ...................................... Oregon .......................................... Pennsylvania ................................. Rhode Island ................................. South Carolina ...............................
261.8 223.5 699.0 62.4 282.1
264.9 226.4 694.6 60.9 285.6
270.1 231.0 692.6 61.2 291.9
269.7 232.6 701.7 61.4 295.7
270.1 234.7 706.3 61.6 295.3
269.6 240.2 711.9 61.2 294.2
271.4 246.6 712.5 61.3 294.6
276.2 249.5 714.6 63.2 298.8
278.2 255.3 711.5 62.9 309.4
282.6 261.3 715.6 63.3 315.3
287.7 267.3 725.1 64.3 322.8
296.4 270.0 728.3 65.2 322.8
300.9 272.9 738.9 66.1 325.5
295.8 267.7 745.6 66.2 326.1
301.6 269.5 745.1 65.8 327.5
South Dakota ................................. Tennessee ..................................... Texas ............................................. Utah ............................................... Vermont .........................................
62.7 351.4 1 263.4 150.5 43.5
63.4 353.1 1 287.5 153.9 43.8
65.4 356.8 1 334.4 156.8 43.7
66.6 361.9 1 376.0 159.4 44.0
67.1 370.7 1 413.7 161.4 44.7
71.0 373.1 1 445.7 163.5 45.1
70.4 381.6 1 457.7 166.8 45.4
70.5 380.3 1 483.3 172.3 45.7
71.0 385.5 1 504.2 176.7 46.2
71.9 390.1 1 534.8 179.5 47.6
70.3 399.0 1 561.9 185.4 49.4
73.1 403.2 1 586.2 190.1 50.2
74.0 410.3 1 626.0 195.0 50.8
74.3 411.1 1 646.1 196.6 52.0
74.3 414.0 1 655.6 198.7 52.4
Virginia .......................................... Washington ................................... West Virginia ................................. Wisconsin ...................................... Wyoming .......................................
578.3 397.5 127.4 342.9 55.2
580.5 411.5 127.7 346.4 55.7
589.3 423.6 132.3 356.9 56.8
597.8 430.0 132.8 361.5 57.2
603.1 437.2 136.5 367.1 58.1
597.5 444.4 136.4 378.7 57.7
596.2 450.5 138.7 383.5 58.1
596.6 457.9 139.1 386.7 58.0
602.0 465.9 140.8 393.2 58.4
611.2 474.2 140.9 398.9 59.4
624.7 483.3 143.1 405.6 60.7
629.2 505.4 141.0 413.7 61.5
634.9 516.1 142.8 414.8 62.7
637.5 520.6 142.5 412.9 63.5
651.5 523.3 143.1 412.1 64.6
Puerto Rico .................................... Virgin Islands .................................
... 13.5
... 13.4
... 13.8
... 13.9
... 13.8
... 13.6
... 14.0
... 13.7
... 13.7
... 13.4
... 13.0
... 12.3
... 12.6
300.8 12.6
307.9 12.4
. . . = Not available.
224
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 2-33. Employees on Government Payrolls by State, SIC Basis, 1964–1989 (Thousands of people.) State
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
Alabama ..................................... Alaska ......................................... Arizona ....................................... Arkansas ..................................... California ....................................
173.3 28.1 85.3 76.5 1 043.5
179.1 29.7 92.2 84.9 1 105.4
191.6 30.8 98.9 91.6 1 196.7
197.7 31.8 104.7 93.4 1 274.3
201.4 32.2 110.0 97.0 1 335.8
204.7 33.3 113.4 100.9 1 391.7
209.5 35.6 119.5 102.7 1 424.7
213.6 37.9 129.5 104.9 1 446.3
220.9 40.5 139.2 108.5 1 492.7
225.7 41.5 147.6 110.1 1 524.8
235.1 43.8 161.0 115.6 1 586.0
247.5 47.7 169.7 120.9 1 670.6
252.9 48.2 177.3 125.3 1 695.6
Colorado ..................................... Connecticut ................................. Delaware .................................... Florida ......................................... Georgia .......................................
132.0 109.0 23.9 278.7 210.8
137.7 115.9 25.0 301.2 222.8
148.2 122.5 26.3 326.2 243.9
157.7 131.5 27.9 342.3 263.0
162.4 140.0 29.3 361.8 275.3
166.9 150.9 31.9 377.9 286.1
177.2 157.9 35.0 397.8 297.5
184.7 160.9 36.8 419.1 309.6
190.8 165.2 39.0 437.9 320.9
197.2 167.7 39.2 469.9 328.2
204.0 171.0 39.1 510.5 340.5
216.6 178.7 40.3 546.0 354.8
219.5 175.1 40.6 542.8 366.1
Hawaii ......................................... Idaho ........................................... Illinois .......................................... Indiana ........................................ Iowa ............................................
47.2 38.1 475.0 219.2 133.1
50.5 39.6 502.4 232.2 138.8
54.9 41.9 536.5 254.1 148.8
58.3 44.3 572.0 271.4 157.1
60.9 45.2 593.4 285.3 163.8
62.5 46.8 615.6 280.9 171.7
64.3 49.1 638.9 286.4 176.0
68.4 51.3 648.6 296.3 178.3
69.3 54.5 654.3 301.4 180.2
68.0 56.2 666.5 303.8 182.8
68.7 59.7 680.9 308.0 186.7
70.8 62.3 714.5 323.3 192.0
72.6 64.5 717.2 332.5 197.0
Kansas ........................................ Kentucky ..................................... Louisiana .................................... Maine .......................................... Maryland .....................................
126.2 128.4 163.4 52.9 174.1
130.2 135.2 171.7 54.3 183.8
137.0 145.2 185.4 57.4 201.9
143.2 155.5 197.4 59.5 218.2
146.0 163.3 201.8 61.6 232.3
149.6 166.1 208.2 64.3 243.2
153.3 172.1 213.2 66.4 301.0
155.1 180.5 216.0 68.7 314.9
162.8 188.5 227.9 69.4 327.0
166.5 194.3 233.2 70.7 338.1
164.0 198.5 241.6 72.9 349.1
168.7 208.3 248.7 74.8 366.1
171.6 213.0 253.0 75.2 372.1
Massachusetts ............................ Michigan ..................................... Minnesota ................................... Mississippi .................................. Missouri ......................................
272.7 373.3 179.3 99.5 210.6
278.5 395.4 189.9 105.2 225.4
286.2 433.0 201.6 114.3 244.7
297.1 455.0 214.1 120.6 260.3
302.5 471.3 215.4 125.1 269.1
310.7 494.5 224.1 128.0 276.1
319.9 506.6 234.9 131.2 284.1
330.6 509.4 239.7 133.7 292.9
343.1 526.8 246.2 139.4 297.5
351.6 534.4 256.6 145.0 306.9
354.3 562.5 263.8 150.4 312.9
365.1 583.1 271.5 153.5 316.0
375.8 594.5 276.0 156.2 316.5
Montana ...................................... Nebraska .................................... Nevada ....................................... New Hampshire .......................... New Jersey .................................
44.7 89.1 26.4 29.0 280.0
45.9 92.5 28.6 30.1 295.4
48.1 93.3 30.3 31.4 312.0
51.8 97.6 32.3 33.4 329.2
53.3 97.4 34.1 34.4 344.4
52.1 100.9 35.8 35.5 360.1
52.6 104.7 36.9 37.3 374.8
54.3 109.1 38.1 38.8 388.0
55.4 114.3 39.7 41.2 405.3
55.4 116.9 41.4 43.4 417.1
58.2 121.4 43.0 45.6 439.9
64.9 124.7 45.6 48.0 470.2
65.7 124.3 46.8 49.9 480.5
New Mexico ................................ New York .................................... North Carolina ............................ North Dakota .............................. Ohio ............................................
71.8 924.1 192.7 38.8 440.3
75.4 958.6 201.6 40.3 458.6
81.0 1 012.4 217.4 42.1 483.0
83.4 1 073.1 231.6 44.4 509.5
85.0 1 123.8 244.4 47.2 528.3
86.3 1 176.0 254.3 48.4 544.8
89.2 1 218.1 264.2 49.3 565.5
92.3 1 239.8 268.4 49.3 577.2
96.0 1 243.9 275.3 51.3 589.1
99.5 1 268.6 281.8 52.2 597.8
102.5 1 301.9 303.2 53.3 613.1
104.8 1 328.7 328.3 54.5 626.4
108.0 1 273.6 347.9 56.2 632.2
Oklahoma ................................... Oregon ........................................ Pennsylvania .............................. Rhode Island .............................. South Carolina ............................
136.9 111.3 488.6 43.4 106.8
145.8 118.2 508.4 46.1 111.1
158.8 125.3 536.1 48.7 121.0
168.2 132.4 567.2 51.2 128.4
171.9 136.1 588.1 52.3 134.0
175.5 140.8 609.4 52.8 140.8
176.7 146.7 618.7 53.6 149.9
179.0 152.0 629.2 55.9 156.7
184.9 157.5 651.9 56.8 165.6
192.2 160.3 658.7 55.5 170.7
199.0 168.5 682.0 55.1 182.2
206.3 177.1 721.4 56.6 199.8
207.0 181.6 722.1 57.0 203.3
South Dakota .............................. Tennessee .................................. Texas .......................................... Utah ............................................ Vermont ......................................
44.4 173.3 500.0 73.7 19.5
46.6 185.1 525.6 79.4 20.3
48.2 195.3 567.1 90.7 21.2
49.3 201.8 607.1 98.0 22.3
50.3 208.2 630.1 98.8 23.4
53.0 214.2 651.4 99.6 24.4
53.1 225.9 662.3 100.1 26.2
52.6 231.9 684.2 103.2 27.2
53.7 240.6 714.8 105.5 28.2
53.8 246.2 745.3 105.7 28.7
54.9 256.4 776.0 108.2 29.3
55.7 271.3 815.8 110.3 30.5
55.9 283.1 847.0 112.2 30.9
Virginia ........................................ Washington ................................. West Virginia .............................. Wisconsin ................................... Wyoming .....................................
221.2 184.6 75.3 190.4 24.6
232.2 193.1 81.7 201.0 25.6
251.2 206.2 88.5 215.2 26.9
270.5 218.5 92.1 230.3 28.4
283.6 230.1 94.9 244.6 28.1
292.4 237.4 95.0 255.3 28.1
355.1 244.5 95.9 265.5 28.4
371.9 252.4 98.0 270.2 29.4
380.0 258.7 99.4 275.8 30.5
391.2 259.0 104.2 276.3 31.3
405.9 269.3 106.4 276.9 32.4
422.8 280.5 108.1 285.4 34.5
436.6 284.8 109.6 288.6 36.1
Puerto Rico ................................. Virgin Islands ..............................
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... 11.7
... 11.3
. . . = Not available.
EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
225
Table 2-33. Employees on Government Payrolls by State, SIC Basis, 1964–1989—Continued (Thousands of people.) State
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
Alabama ..................................... Alaska ......................................... Arizona ....................................... Arkansas ..................................... California ....................................
266.3 50.1 181.9 128.6 1 740.7
285.9 51.6 194.8 135.9 1 753.1
291.6 54.4 196.2 139.1 1 735.0
297.4 55.0 201.8 141.1 1 763.9
291.3 57.1 199.5 138.1 1 756.4
290.1 59.6 199.9 136.0 1 735.2
292.7 63.0 203.1 137.3 1 724.3
293.4 66.5 207.5 139.5 1 747.4
295.9 68.3 218.1 143.0 1 792.8
298.0 68.0 225.0 145.1 1 838.8
300.6 65.8 232.0 146.1 1 883.7
309.5 66.5 237.2 150.0 1 934.1
317.9 68.7 246.4 154.2 1 998.7
Colorado ..................................... Connecticut ................................. Delaware .................................... Florida ......................................... Georgia .......................................
221.1 175.6 41.4 565.7 384.0
234.0 179.2 42.8 601.8 407.9
238.8 181.3 44.4 600.5 418.7
243.6 45.2 618.8 429.2
241.7 182.4 44.5 620.1 431.1
238.6 179.6 43.8 632.5 434.0
240.7 181.9 43.4 639.3 437.6
244.4 185.2 43.7 649.5 442.0
248.9 188.8 44.8 674.4 448.7
256.0 195.3 46.1 701.9 462.2
262.2 201.2 46.6 731.8 476.6
266.7 206.3 47.5 773.0 494.1
271.4 207.7 47.1 800.1 512.2
Hawaii ......................................... Idaho ........................................... Illinois .......................................... Indiana ........................................ Iowa ............................................
73.0 67.3 717.8 342.0 202.5
73.8 69.8 728.0 349.1 208.2
73.4 69.6 739.8 347.6 204.5
75.5 70.5 749.4 346.6 207.4
75.4 69.2 734.5 339.7 203.1
76.5 67.8 717.9 328.7 202.0
77.4 67.8 701.6 327.0 203.4
77.8 68.9 687.9 328.1 204.5
79.0 70.2 697.8 332.9 206.8
79.2 70.9 714.8 339.7 207.3
80.8 73.3 724.5 347.2 210.2
83.5 76.0 738.8 354.5 212.1
85.0 77.9 744.4 366.6 216.7
Kansas ........................................ Kentucky ..................................... Louisiana .................................... Maine .......................................... Maryland .....................................
176.9 212.0 257.4 77.7 378.1
180.0 220.3 280.3 81.5 401.9
183.3 230.4 289.7 82.6 418.7
187.4 230.9 300.8 83.3 434.8
185.9 224.3 303.8 82.6 415.9
183.8 218.9 307.3 82.1 393.2
182.9 216.6 315.0 83.1 379.6
185.2 223.0 318.6 83.9 387.9
188.7 230.0 322.4 84.9 393.6
194.1 236.0 319.3 86.7 391.6
199.0 240.2 313.1 88.4 392.9
204.4 246.1 312.6 91.6 399.1
209.1 253.3 315.7 94.1 411.3
Massachusetts ............................ Michigan ..................................... Minnesota ................................... Mississippi .................................. Missouri ......................................
407.9 596.7 286.3 163.9 321.5
429.2 611.4 292.8 181.8 335.6
416.7 621.0 295.6 192.2 338.5
412.3 627.8 300.6 194.5 339.2
394.6 598.4 299.0 185.9 326.6
374.7 577.8 289.6 180.0 328.2
375.4 569.8 286.6 181.1 323.2
375.4 567.2 293.7 183.2 321.8
385.3 580.7 301.2 188.5 334.1
393.0 598.6 307.9 189.5 338.5
401.2 611.6 313.8 191.1 344.0
411.3 623.5 320.8 196.0 351.8
408.8 623.2 328.7 199.8 359.3
Montana ...................................... Nebraska .................................... Nevada ....................................... New Hampshire .......................... New Jersey .................................
70.0 129.2 49.2 153.8 504.0
71.7 130.3 52.2 54.3 523.0
70.1 130.6 54.7 155.1 517.8
70.2 130.8 57.0 57.3 529.7
69.3 129.7 57.1 56.7 529.0
67.4 129.3 58.2 55.9 528.6
68.4 130.2 58.0 56.1 525.9
68.7 131.1 58.9 57.5 526.6
69.9 133.8 60.5 60.0 536.0
70.2 134.9 61.6 62.0 540.8
69.4 135.3 64.1 65.4 547.1
70.7 137.8 67.0 68.7 556.2
70.3 139.7 70.8 71.2 564.2
New Mexico ................................ New York .................................... North Carolina ............................ North Dakota .............................. Ohio ............................................
111.0 1 270.8 367.6 57.5 642.3
116.6 1 315.1 386.4 60.0 667.5
120.5 1 311.3 397.2 60.6 674.0
125.0 1 314.4 409.9 60.9 689.9
125.8 1 300.3 403.7 60.5 676.0
125.6 1 293.7 400.3 60.3 659.6
127.2 1 299.6 407.1 61.3 656.1
129.7 1 318.2 413.7 62.2 655.2
132.8 1 353.6 420.5 63.6 665.2
135.9 1 382.3 430.9 64.4 678.9
137.6 1 402.1 442.3 64.6 687.3
141.6 1 433.2 458.7 64.8 693.8
144.9 1 447.6 477.2 65.6 706.4
Oklahoma ................................... Oregon ........................................ Pennsylvania .............................. Rhode Island .............................. South Carolina ............................
212.4 186.8 710.9 58.2 213.7
218.4 197.1 720.7 59.8 223.8
224.0 200.7 720.7 59.3 228.8
228.5 203.2 723.3 59.2 236.4
235.7 202.6 703.4 58.5 233.0
237.2 195.5 682.5 57.8 228.1
245.2 192.3 673.7 56.9 230.3
241.4 194.1 672.9 57.4 237.3
245.7 197.7 680.2 57.7 244.8
246.8 200.2 679.8 58.0 251.4
245.4 205.6 688.7 58.2 258.0
248.5 211.2 694.6 58.9 261.5
257.2 215.6 697.9 59.1 273.1
South Dakota .............................. Tennessee .................................. Texas .......................................... Utah ............................................ Vermont ......................................
56.6 291.2 875.5 115.8 134.3
58.1 305.6 923.7 121.0 35.1
58.3 313.9 953.2 123.2 35.8
58.6 317.2 978.1 125.0 37.0
57.8 311.7 1 000.8 125.1 36.2
56.6 297.5 1 023.6 126.4 36.0
56.9 294.1 1 042.0 128.8 36.3
57.2 296.1 1 063.5 131.5 36.5
57.9 304.2 1 088.9 137.8 37.4
58.8 312.4 1 118.8 141.2 38.2
58.9 321.2 1 142.7 141.5 39.0
60.1 328.4 1 175.5 142.7 40.9
61.6 344.3 1 206.6 146.3 42.0
Virginia ........................................ Washington ................................. West Virginia .............................. Wisconsin ................................... Wyoming .....................................
453.6 294.9 111.0 287.1 38.0
482.7 308.0 120.3 298.2 39.1
493.5 315.5 130.1 310.1 40.8
511.2 330.8 133.1 321.1 43.0
506.6 326.4 130.2 318.0 44.5
500.1 318.5 126.8 314.1 46.0
500.9 127.8 312.5 48.9
505.0 334.5 130.7 314.7 50.9
515.6 342.8 127.5 320.6 52.2
519.9 348.9 128.9 325.6 53.1
530.3 357.2 128.2 325.0 50.5
544.4 368.8 129.3 327.8 154.1
562.6 379.9 125.9 335.0 54.3
Puerto Rico ................................. Virgin Islands ..............................
... 11.9
... 12.8
246.0 13.5
254.4 13.4
244.6 13.9
236.7 13.5
240.1 14.0
253.2 13.8
255.4 13.5
267.7 13.1
281.2 12.8
298.5 13.2
298.1 13.6
1Data not continuous. . . . = Not available.
1185.2
1324.0
226
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 2-34. Average Weekly Hours of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by State, NAICS Basis, 2001–2004 (Hours.) State
2001
2002
2003
2004
Alabama .............................................................................. Alaska .................................................................................. Arizona ................................................................................ Arkansas .............................................................................. California .............................................................................
41.0 43.1 40.3 39.9 39.6
41.4 37.4 40.0 39.7 39.6
41.0 43.0 40.4 39.6 39.7
40.8 40.6 40.5 39.9 40.0
Colorado .............................................................................. Connecticut .......................................................................... Delaware ............................................................................. District of Columbia ............................................................. Florida .................................................................................. Georgia ................................................................................
40.7 41.7 39.7 ... 40.6 40.4
40.6 41.6 40.0 ... 42.1 40.9
40.4 41.4 40.3 ... 41.0 39.8
40.4 41.8 40.0 ... 41.1 39.2
Hawaii .................................................................................. Idaho .................................................................................... Illinois ................................................................................... Indiana ................................................................................. Iowa .....................................................................................
36.0 39.1 41.0 41.0 40.9
35.6 39.6 41.4 42.4 41.3
37.2 41.3 40.6 42.1 41.7
37.9 40.5 41.0 42.1 42.2
Kansas ................................................................................. Kentucky .............................................................................. Louisiana ............................................................................. Maine ................................................................................... Maryland ..............................................................................
40.7 41.5 43.1 39.8 39.0
40.8 42.2 43.9 39.9 40.0
40.5 41.7 44.1 40.0 39.5
41.0 40.8 43.9 39.6 40.1
Massachusetts ..................................................................... Michigan .............................................................................. Minnesota ............................................................................ Mississippi ........................................................................... Missouri ...............................................................................
40.3 41.9 39.6 39.7 40.3
40.8 42.7 39.7 40.6 39.3
40.6 42.1 40.2 39.9 40.5
41.1 42.4 40.9 40.1 40.2
Montana ............................................................................... Nebraska ............................................................................. Nevada ................................................................................ New Hampshire ................................................................... New Jersey ..........................................................................
38.8 41.2 38.7 40.6 40.6
38.2 41.9 38.8 39.8 40.9
38.4 41.6 39.0 40.0 41.0
38.3 41.6 40.1 40.0 42.1
New Mexico ......................................................................... New York ............................................................................. North Carolina ..................................................................... North Dakota ....................................................................... Ohio .....................................................................................
39.0 39.8 39.4 40.9 41.2
39.9 40.3 40.2 40.2 41.4
39.4 40.0 39.8 40.0 41.0
39.6 39.7 40.3 39.3 41.7
Oklahoma ............................................................................ Oregon ................................................................................. Pennsylvania ....................................................................... Rhode Island ....................................................................... South Carolina .....................................................................
39.4 39.1 40.4 39.4 41.2
39.2 39.1 40.3 38.7 42.1
39.3 39.3 40.0 39.3 41.3
40.4 39.1 40.3 39.2 39.5
South Dakota ....................................................................... Tennessee ........................................................................... Texas ................................................................................... Utah ..................................................................................... Vermont ...............................................................................
41.7 38.9 41.6 38.4 39.6
42.3 40.1 41.1 37.8 40.0
42.5 39.8 41.4 39.7 40.0
42.0 40.0 39.8 38.1 40.2
Virginia ................................................................................. Washington .......................................................................... West Virginia ....................................................................... Wisconsin ............................................................................ Wyoming ..............................................................................
40.1 40.0 41.1 40.2 38.6
40.8 40.1 41.4 40.5 39.3
40.8 39.5 41.3 40.3 40.2
41.5 40.0 41.4 40.3 39.7
Puerto Rico .......................................................................... Virgin Islands .......................................................................
... 43.9
... 43.7
40.9 42.8
41.1 46.4
. . . = Not available.
EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
227
Table 2-35. Average Weekly Hours of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by State, SIC Basis, 1973–2000 (Thousands of people.) State
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
Alabama ....................................... Alaska .......................................... Arizona ......................................... Arkansas ...................................... California ......................................
41.0 36.6 39.8 39.9 40.3
40.5 40.5 39.2 39.2 39.7
39.5 36.6 39.0 38.8 39.4
40.6 40.5 39.5 39.6 39.7
40.5 43.3 40.1 39.7 40.1
40.6 42.4 40.3 39.3 40.1
40.7 43.9 40.6 39.6 39.9
40.1 42.7 40.1 39.3 39.5
39.9 40.0 39.6 39.4 39.6
38.5 38.6 38.9 38.6 39.2
40.7 36.2 40.5 40.1 40.0
41.0 39.3 40.8 40.5 40.3
40.8 40.7 40.9 40.2 40.2
41.1 41.1 41.0 40.4 40.3
Colorado ...................................... Connecticut .................................. Delaware ...................................... Florida .......................................... Georgia ........................................
... 42.1 40.3 41.0 40.5
... 41.4 39.4 40.2 39.8
... 40.5 39.3 40.0 39.5
... 40.8 40.0 40.4 40.1
39.4 41.5 39.6 40.7 40.5
39.3 42.0 40.0 40.9 40.1
39.5 42.0 39.5 40.5 40.4
39.8 41.8 40.5 40.8 40.2
39.8 41.6 40.3 40.6 40.1
39.2 40.5 39.2 39.9 38.6
39.9 41.3 40.6 40.7 41.1
40.9 42.5 41.5 41.2 41.0
40.2 41.9 41.1 41.3 40.6
39.9 41.8 41.3 40.8 40.9
Hawaii .......................................... Idaho ............................................ Illinois ........................................... Indiana ......................................... Iowa .............................................
39.9 38.8 41.2 0.0 ...
39.4 39.0 40.4 0.0 ...
39.1 38.8 39.7 ... ...
39.0 38.7 40.4 ... 39.9
38.0 39.3 40.6 ... 40.1
38.6 38.8 40.1 ... 40.1
38.3 38.3 40.7 ... 40.5
37.8 37.1 39.8 ... 39.6
38.5 37.8 40.0 ... 39.5
37.9 36.7 39.2 ... 38.7
38.6 37.4 40.6 ... 39.8
38.1 37.6 40.6 ... 40.2
37.4 37.8 40.6 ... 40.2
38.9 38.2 40.9 ... 40.6
Kansas ......................................... Kentucky ...................................... Louisiana ..................................... Maine ........................................... Maryland ......................................
... 40.3 41.4 40.8 40.5
... 39.6 40.1 40.3 39.9
... 38.7 42.8 39.9 39.1
... 39.4 41.3 39.9 39.6
... 39.5 41.8 39.8 39.9
... 39.6 41.6 40.2 39.9
40.7 39.4 41.3 40.1 40.0
40.4 39.1 41.2 40.0 39.6
40.4 39.3 42.2 40.4 39.9
39.2 38.4 41.0 40.0 39.2
39.1 39.2 40.0 39.9 40.0
40.1 39.2 41.6 39.9 41.0
39.5 38.9 41.7 40.0 40.3
40.3 39.2 41.8 40.6 40.5
Massachusetts ............................. Michigan ...................................... Minnesota .................................... Mississippi ................................... Missouri .......................................
40.5 ... 41.0 40.3 39.8
39.9 ... 39.9 39.3 39.3
39.1 ... 39.2 39.3 39.0
39.7 42.7 39.8 40.0 39.8
39.9 43.3 40.0 40.1 40.2
40.2 43.0 40.2 39.9 40.0
40.1 41.2 40.0 39.6 39.5
39.6 40.1 39.4 39.3 39.2
40.0 40.5 39.4 39.3 39.2
39.2 40.2 39.1 38.1 38.6
39.9 42.5 39.7 40.1 39.9
40.1 43.2 40.3 40.6 40.5
40.7 43.1 40.3 40.6 40.2
41.3 42.6 40.6 40.2 40.5
Montana ....................................... Nebraska ..................................... Nevada ........................................ New Hampshire ........................... New Jersey ..................................
39.3 41.8 40.0 39.8 41.4
38.8 41.2 38.8 39.3 40.7
38.0 40.5 38.2 39.1 39.9
39.8 41.1 38.9 39.6 40.4
41.8 40.8 38.8 40.0 41.1
42.7 41.1 38.5 40.3 40.8
42.9 41.3 38.5 40.1 41.2
43.2 40.6 38.2 39.8 40.7
41.0 40.3 38.6 39.9 40.6
39.3 39.9 37.3 39.6 39.9
39.7 40.3 38.8 40.5 40.6
39.2 40.5 39.8 41.0 41.1
39.1 40.3 40.4 40.7 40.8
39.4 40.4 40.2 41.2 41.2
New Mexico ................................. New York ..................................... North Carolina .............................. North Dakota ................................ Ohio .............................................
39.4 39.9 40.1 40.4 42.3
38.4 39.4 39.1 40.2 41.2
39.0 38.9 38.4 39.9 40.3
39.5 39.4 39.4 39.1 41.4
38.8 39.6 39.6 38.6 42.0
39.2 39.8 39.8 39.7 42.1
39.5 39.6 39.6 39.1 41.5
39.8 39.4 39.3 37.5 40.6
39.5 39.4 39.1 38.1 40.9
39.2 38.8 37.3 37.6 40.1
39.7 39.3 40.0 38.0 41.4
39.9 39.8 39.9 38.4 42.3
39.8 39.8 39.6 38.6 42.0
39.5 39.9 40.7 38.2 42.1
Oklahoma .................................... Oregon ......................................... Pennsylvania ............................... Rhode Island ................................ South Carolina .............................
40.6 39.3 40.2 39.3 40.5
40.5 38.8 39.6 39.2 39.8
40.0 38.4 38.8 38.9 39.4
40.3 38.9 39.2 139.5 40.4
40.4 38.6 39.5 39.1 40.6
40.2 39.0 40.0 38.9 40.8
40.5 38.5 39.9 39.1 40.8
40.1 38.1 38.8 39.3 40.3
40.1 37.5 39.2 39.3 40.4
39.5 37.9 38.4 38.6 38.2
40.5 38.9 39.2 39.0 40.6
41.6 39.2 40.2 40.9 40.8
41.3 38.7 39.9 40.2 40.4
41.3 39.0 40.2 40.4 41.1
South Dakota ............................... Tennessee ................................... Texas ........................................... Utah ............................................. Vermont .......................................
42.6 40.4 ... 38.8 41.5
41.7 39.9 ... 38.7 41.1
40.7 39.8 ... 38.1 40.4
39.9 40.3 40.9 39.2 41.0
39.3 40.2 41.1 40.0 40.8
41.7 39.6 41.3 39.5 41.0
41.9 39.7 41.1 39.0 40.8
40.9 39.7 41.2 39.1 40.6
41.6 39.9 41.3 39.7 40.0
41.1 38.6 40.0 38.5 39.0
41.6 40.5 40.9 39.4 40.0
42.1 40.9 41.7 39.9 40.6
41.8 41.0 41.2 40.1 40.7
42.1 41.2 41.4 40.0 40.7
Virginia ......................................... Washington .................................. West Virginia ................................ Wisconsin .................................... Wyoming ......................................
40.6 39.2 40.0 41.4 38.6
39.8 38.9 39.6 41.1 38.0
39.2 38.7 39.0 40.4 38.6
39.9 39.1 39.2 40.6 40.2
39.9 39.2 39.5 40.6 39.8
39.8 39.3 39.6 41.0 38.6
39.7 38.6 39.6 40.9 37.6
39.3 38.4 39.2 40.2 38.9
39.7 38.8 39.4 40.1 40.0
38.4 38.5 38.8 39.6 38.2
39.7 38.9 39.6 40.7 36.9
40.3 38.8 40.3 41.1 39.5
40.1 39.0 39.9 41.1 40.9
40.4 39.4 40.3 41.3 39.0
Puerto Rico .................................. Virgin Islands ...............................
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... 40.9
... 40.9
38.0 41.1
38.2 42.3
37.5 42.3
38.7 41.4
38.7 42.7
38.5 41.7
39.0 41.9
1Data not continuous. . . . = Not available.
228
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 2-35. Average Weekly Hours of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by State, SIC Series, 1973–2000—Continued (Thousands of people.) State
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
Alabama ....................................... Alaska .......................................... Arizona ......................................... Arkansas ...................................... California ......................................
41.4 42.7 40.6 41.0 40.3
41.4 42.1 41.1 40.9 40.7
41.2 44.4 41.2 40.8 40.7
41.0 44.9 40.7 41.0 40.6
40.8 46.4 40.7 41.2 40.6
41.2 45.5 40.8 41.4 40.6
41.2 45.0 40.7 41.4 40.9
41.9 47.4 42.3 41.8 41.4
41.6 47.8 42.5 41.0 41.2
41.7 46.5 42.8 41.5 41.5
41.9 46.7 41.4 41.4 41.9
42.2 49.9 40.4 41.7 41.8
42.1 45.3 40.4 41.7 41.7
41.9 44.5 40.4 41.0 41.7
Colorado ...................................... Connecticut .................................. Delaware ...................................... Florida .......................................... Georgia ........................................
40.2 42.1 40.7 40.8 41.6
40.4 42.2 40.0 40.7 41.4
40.2 42.2 41.5 40.9 41.1
41.2 42.0 41.3 40.7 40.9
40.4 41.8 40.8 40.7 41.0
40.5 41.7 40.8 40.9 41.4
41.2 42.1 42.1 41.2 41.7
41.3 42.8 42.8 41.4 42.4
41.0 42.8 41.0 41.4 42.3
41.2 42.5 40.5 41.5 42.3
41.8 42.6 41.9 41.8 42.4
41.5 42.7 42.3 41.7 41.8
41.5 42.4 43.0 41.8 41.9
39.8 42.6 43.3 41.9 41.4
Hawaii .......................................... Idaho ............................................ Illinois ........................................... Indiana ......................................... Iowa .............................................
39.4 38.1 41.6 ... 41.3
40.0 38.1 42.3 ... 41.4
40.0 38.9 41.9 41.6 40.8
40.3 38.9 41.4 41.3 40.5
39.8 39.1 41.2 41.2 40.5
40.0 39.2 41.0 42.0 41.3
39.8 40.1 41.5 42.7 41.6
38.3 40.0 41.9 43.3 42.4
37.5 39.3 41.7 42.2 41.9
38.1 39.5 41.7 42.8 42.0
37.9 40.1 42.2 43.2 42.6
37.3 38.3 41.8 42.9 41.9
39.3 39.4 41.9 42.9 41.4
38.3 39.2 41.2 42.1 41.6
Kansas ......................................... Kentucky ...................................... Louisiana ..................................... Maine ........................................... Maryland ......................................
40.8 40.5 41.8 41.5 40.8
40.7 40.5 42.5 41.0 41.5
40.2 40.0 42.6 40.2 41.1
40.3 40.1 42.9 40.1 40.8
40.3 40.3 42.7 40.0 40.6
40.9 40.3 42.6 40.2 40.8
41.6 40.5 42.5 40.8 41.1
41.6 41.3 43.4 40.6 41.5
41.1 41.3 43.2 39.8 41.5
42.4 41.1 44.2 39.9 41.0
42.3 41.8 44.1 40.6 41.4
41.9 41.5 44.0 40.6 41.6
41.1 41.7 43.3 40.8 41.4
40.6 42.1 42.8 41.3 40.7
Massachusetts ............................. Michigan ...................................... Minnesota .................................... Mississippi ................................... Missouri .......................................
41.0 42.2 40.9 40.3 40.6
40.7 43.3 40.8 40.3 40.8
40.7 42.9 40.5 40.0 40.7
40.7 41.8 40.3 39.4 40.7
41.0 41.5 40.4 39.7 40.4
41.0 41.8 40.8 40.3 40.6
41.3 43.1 41.1 41.0 41.4
41.6 44.9 41.6 41.7 42.0
41.7 44.3 41.5 41.0 41.3
41.8 43.9 41.4 41.3 41.5
42.3 44.1 41.5 41.5 41.6
42.0 43.3 41.3 41.4 41.5
42.0 44.2 41.2 41.3 41.5
41.9 43.7 40.8 40.7 41.3
Montana ....................................... Nebraska ..................................... Nevada ........................................ New Hampshire ........................... New Jersey ..................................
38.6 40.5 40.3 41.2 41.2
38.7 41.1 39.7 40.7 41.0
39.2 40.7 40.9 41.2 41.0
39.0 40.8 40.7 40.8 41.4
39.1 40.4 40.6 41.2 41.4
38.9 41.1 40.7 41.6 41.5
38.6 41.5 41.4 42.1 41.5
39.3 42.1 41.1 42.3 41.8
39.4 41.5 41.4 41.6 41.8
39.1 41.6 41.6 41.8 41.8
39.9 41.3 42.9 42.0 42.0
39.3 41.9 42.0 41.3 41.8
39.0 41.9 41.3 40.6 41.7
38.5 41.4 42.4 41.1 42.0
New Mexico ................................. New York ..................................... North Carolina .............................. North Dakota ................................ Ohio .............................................
39.7 39.9 41.2 38.7 42.6
40.5 39.9 40.5 38.7 43.0
40.0 40.0 40.3 39.8 42.7
40.7 39.6 39.9 39.8 42.4
40.1 39.8 40.1 39.8 42.2
40.0 40.0 40.7 40.4 42.2
40.9 40.4 40.8 41.2 43.0
40.9 41.0 41.1 42.3 43.9
39.9 40.9 40.6 40.7 43.4
40.2 40.8 40.4 42.2 43.3
39.8 41.2 41.2 40.5 43.6
38.6 41.1 41.1 39.9 42.9
39.0 41.2 41.0 40.0 42.9
38.0 41.1 41.4 40.1 42.9
Oklahoma .................................... Oregon ......................................... Pennsylvania ............................... Rhode Island ................................ South Carolina .............................
41.2 39.2 40.9 40.0 41.7
41.1 39.3 41.1 39.7 41.1
41.6 39.4 41.0 39.3 41.3
41.1 39.3 40.7 39.7 41.0
41.0 39.4 40.4 40.0 41.3
41.2 39.5 40.8 40.1 41.7
41.9 39.5 41.2 39.8 41.6
43.1 40.4 41.6 40.3 41.8
41.9 40.1 41.3 40.5 41.9
42.0 40.2 141.2
40.0 41.8
42.4 40.9 42.0 40.9 42.2
41.5 40.7 41.9 40.6 42.6
41.3 40.4 41.8 39.9 42.6
40.9 40.0 42.2 40.4 42.5
South Dakota ............................... Tennessee ................................... Texas ........................................... Utah ............................................. Vermont .......................................
41.7 41.6 41.6 39.5 40.6
42.5 41.6 41.7 40.3 40.4
41.8 40.8 41.8 40.0 40.9
40.6 38.6 41.8 39.8 40.8
41.2 39.6 42.1 39.9 40.8
41.2 40.3 42.5 40.3 41.0
41.3 40.8 42.8 39.6 41.5
42.0 40.9 43.1 40.6 40.9
41.8 40.4 42.8 39.8 40.5
41.5 40.6 43.0 40.3 40.5
41.9 41.2 43.5 40.2 40.7
42.6 40.5 43.7 40.4 39.6
42.9 40.6 43.5 40.0 39.5
43.1 40.2 43.3 39.8 40.3
Virginia ......................................... Washington .................................. West Virginia ................................ Wisconsin .................................... Wyoming ......................................
41.1 39.9 40.6 41.4 38.8
40.8 40.1 40.6 41.8 138.5
40.9 39.4 40.7 41.5 39.8
40.4 40.6 40.7 41.4 39.9
40.5 39.9 40.6 41.4 38.6
41.0 40.0 40.6 41.8 38.6
41.0 40.2 40.9 42.0 38.9
41.7 40.5 41.3 42.7 40.0
41.6 40.8 41.8 42.1 39.4
41.5 40.8 41.2 42.2 40.1
42.2 40.6 41.7 42.4 40.3
42.3 40.8 41.6 41.8 40.4
42.4 40.9 41.6 41.9 39.3
42.3 40.7 41.3 41.5 38.6
Puerto Rico .................................. Virgin Islands ...............................
38.9 42.2
39.1 40.4
39.5 41.7
39.1 42.4
39.0 41.4
39.6 42.0
39.5 43.5
39.9 42.7
39.6 41.7
38.6 41.5
39.6 42.7
40.0 40.1
41.0 43.8
40.6 44.0
1Data not continuous. . . . = Not available.
EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
229
Table 2-36. Average Hourly Earnings of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by State, NAICS Basis, 2001–2004 (Dollars.) State
2001
2002
2003
2004
Alabama .............................................................................. Alaska .................................................................................. Arizona ................................................................................ Arkansas .............................................................................. California .............................................................................
12.76 11.70 13.80 12.90 14.69
13.10 13.24 14.16 13.30 14.89
13.56 12.18 14.38 13.55 15.04
14.33 12.01 14.20 13.49 15.35
Colorado .............................................................................. Connecticut .......................................................................... Delaware ............................................................................. District of Columbia ............................................................. Florida .................................................................................. Georgia ................................................................................
14.72 16.42 16.56 ... 12.68 12.50
15.44 17.24 16.60 ... 13.30 13.38
16.89 17.74 16.91 ... 14.09 14.08
16.46 18.35 17.68 ... 13.84 14.53
Hawaii .................................................................................. Idaho .................................................................................... Illinois ................................................................................... Indiana ................................................................................. Iowa .....................................................................................
13.18 13.85 14.66 16.42 14.67
13.07 13.80 14.99 17.15 15.32
12.90 13.72 15.20 17.84 15.70
13.48 14.15 15.61 17.92 16.17
Kansas ................................................................................. Kentucky .............................................................................. Louisiana ............................................................................. Maine ................................................................................... Maryland ..............................................................................
15.48 15.44 16.18 14.71 14.56
15.98 15.73 17.03 15.55 15.21
15.83 16.01 16.86 16.28 15.74
16.57 16.51 16.40 16.97 16.48
Massachusetts ..................................................................... Michigan .............................................................................. Minnesota ............................................................................ Mississippi ........................................................................... Missouri ...............................................................................
15.75 19.45 14.76 11.93 16.11
16.25 20.51 15.06 12.32 16.80
16.53 21.20 15.43 12.89 18.22
16.89 21.53 16.04 13.12 17.92
Montana ............................................................................... Nebraska ............................................................................. Nevada ................................................................................ New Hampshire ................................................................... New Jersey ..........................................................................
14.03 13.64 13.79 13.98 14.74
14.43 14.05 14.62 14.21 15.19
14.02 14.86 14.63 14.85 15.45
14.87 15.19 14.60 15.48 15.67
New Mexico ......................................................................... New York ............................................................................. North Carolina ..................................................................... North Dakota ....................................................................... Ohio .....................................................................................
13.27 16.24 12.81 12.77 16.79
13.41 16.75 13.18 13.17 17.49
13.19 16.78 13.66 14.04 17.99
13.13 17.29 14.25 14.35 18.47
Oklahoma ............................................................................ Oregon ................................................................................. Pennsylvania ....................................................................... Rhode Island ....................................................................... South Carolina .....................................................................
13.66 14.74 14.37 12.68 13.79
14.11 15.06 14.75 12.75 14.00
14.13 15.20 14.99 12.88 14.19
14.25 15.34 15.15 13.03 14.73
South Dakota ....................................................................... Tennessee ........................................................................... Texas ................................................................................... Utah ..................................................................................... Vermont ...............................................................................
12.11 12.88 14.04 13.76 14.18
12.60 13.15 13.93 14.12 14.33
13.13 13.56 13.94 14.90 14.54
13.36 13.85 13.98 15.38 14.60
Virginia ................................................................................. Washington .......................................................................... West Virginia ....................................................................... Wisconsin ............................................................................ Wyoming ..............................................................................
14.50 17.96 14.80 15.44 17.26
15.20 18.15 15.40 15.86 17.72
15.90 18.02 16.05 16.12 16.75
16.10 18.27 16.57 16.19 16.58
Puerto Rico .......................................................................... Virgin Islands .......................................................................
... 22.57
... 22.98
10.46 23.37
10.80 23.34
. . . = Not available.
230
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 2-37. Average Hourly Earnings of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by State, SIC Basis, 1973–2000 (Dollars.) State
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
Alabama ....................................... Alaska .......................................... Arizona ......................................... Arkansas ...................................... California ......................................
3.42 5.97 4.03 2.99 4.44
3.73 7.10 4.40 3.30 4.76
4.10 8.09 4.85 3.69 5.22
4.46 7.82 5.19 3.91 5.59
4.89 9.12 5.55 4.30 6.00
5.40 8.86 6.03 4.72 6.43
5.95 9.14 6.62 5.19 7.03
6.49 10.22 7.29 5.71 7.70
7.01 11.42 8.02 6.26 8.56
7.33 11.74 8.73 6.69 9.24
7.58 12.33 8.99 7.05 9.52
7.97 12.25 9.09 7.31 9.77
Colorado ...................................... Connecticut .................................. Delaware ...................................... Florida .......................................... Georgia ........................................
... 4.14 4.29 3.45 3.25
... 4.42 4.62 3.76 3.50
... 4.78 5.02 4.11 3.80
... 5.12 5.51 4.36 4.10
5.80 5.56 5.94 4.63 4.46
6.21 5.96 6.58 5.07 4.88
6.93 6.43 7.04 5.48 5.30
7.63 7.08 7.58 5.98 5.77
8.28 7.67 8.28 6.53 6.37
8.63 8.23 8.64 7.02 6.75
18.97
8.76 9.19 7.33 7.13
Hawaii .......................................... Idaho ............................................ Illinois ........................................... Indiana ......................................... Iowa .............................................
3.93 4.05 4.57 0.00 ...
4.24 4.41 4.97 0.00 ...
4.68 4.77 5.53 ... ...
5.14 5.29 5.85 ... 5.85
5.51 5.82 6.28 ... 6.43
5.90 6.53 6.76 ... 7.02
6.38 6.92 7.30 ... 7.75
6.83 7.55 8.02 ... 8.67
7.53 8.23 8.91 ... 9.60
7.97 8.62 9.31 ... 10.01
Kansas ......................................... Kentucky ...................................... Louisiana ..................................... Maine ........................................... Maryland ......................................
... 4.00 3.98 3.23 4.22
... 4.36 4.40 3.51 4.62
... 4.77 4.88 3.81 5.04
... 5.15 5.33 4.16 5.52
... 5.69 5.75 4.52 6.05
... 6.26 6.42 4.91 6.46
6.71 6.77 6.97 5.42 7.09
7.37 7.34 7.74 6.00 7.61
8.05 7.86 8.58 6.66 8.39
Massachusetts ............................. Michigan ...................................... Minnesota .................................... Mississippi ................................... Missouri .......................................
3.89 ... 4.22 2.95 4.05
4.16 ... 4.67 3.19 4.39
4.48 ... 5.10 3.58 4.80
4.79 6.81 5.53 3.83 5.20
5.13 7.54 5.97 4.15 5.75
5.54 8.13 6.44 4.56 6.21
5.98 8.73 6.93 4.95 6.70
6.51 9.52 7.61 5.44 7.26
Montana ....................................... Nebraska ..................................... Nevada ........................................ New Hampshire ........................... New Jersey ..................................
4.53 3.75 4.71 3.39 4.26
5.05 4.15 4.89 3.65 4.57
5.53 4.63 5.26 3.97 4.99
5.93 4.93 5.61 4.26 5.33
6.53 5.39 6.10 4.56 5.82
7.81 5.83 6.54 4.94 6.28
8.44 6.53 6.95 5.37 6.71
New Mexico ................................. New York ..................................... North Carolina .............................. North Dakota ................................ Ohio .............................................
3.08 4.20 2.99 3.55 4.76
3.31 4.53 3.28 3.83 5.13
3.63 4.91 3.52 4.31 5.57
4.07 5.27 3.79 4.75 6.10
4.43 5.67 4.10 5.19 6.74
4.79 6.08 4.47 5.55 7.29
Oklahoma .................................... Oregon ......................................... Pennsylvania ............................... Rhode Island ................................ South Carolina .............................
3.69 4.60 4.16 3.37 3.03
4.01 5.01 4.57 3.62 3.32
4.45 5.53 4.98 3.84 3.59
4.83 6.07 5.36 4.15 3.91
5.31 6.67 15.85
South Dakota ............................... Tennessee ................................... Texas ........................................... Utah ............................................. Vermont .......................................
3.37 3.29 5.42 3.83 3.50
3.77 3.62 5.88 4.19 3.78
4.21 3.93 6.46 4.61 4.07
Virginia ......................................... Washington .................................. West Virginia ................................ Wisconsin .................................... Wyoming ......................................
3.34 4.83 4.14 4.45 4.03
3.65 5.24 4.53 4.81 4.52
Puerto Rico .................................. Virgin Islands ...............................
... ...
... ...
1Data not continuous. . . . = Not available.
1985
8.48
1986
7.57 10.12
8.64 11.62 9.88 7.76 10.36
9.24 9.22 9.28 7.62 7.58
9.52 9.57 9.86 7.86 8.10
9.82 10.07 10.05 8.02 8.35
8.23 8.98 9.70 ... 10.09
8.35 9.34 10.08 ... 10.24
8.65 9.41 10.37 ... 10.32
8.86 9.66 10.67 ... 10.35
8.80 8.38 9.38 7.22 8.78
9.23 8.79 9.79 7.61 9.02
9.38 9.28 10.06 8.05 9.45
9.45 9.53 10.43 8.40 9.73
9.76 9.86 10.60 8.65 9.91
7.01 10.53 8.40 6.01 7.90
7.58 11.18 9.11 6.41 8.46
8.01 11.62 9.56 6.70 8.89
8.50 12.18 9.75 6.95 9.31
9.00 12.64 10.05 7.22 9.57
9.24 12.80 10.20 7.46 9.83
8.78 7.38 7.72 15.87 7.31
9.09 8.01 8.42 6.41 8.05
9.86 8.47 8.80 6.94 8.66
10.44 8.76 9.02 7.42 9.11
10.76 8.93 9.12 7.86 9.50
10.95 9.02 9.15 8.39 9.86
10.94 9.26 9.36 8.77 10.12
5.36 6.57 4.87 5.98 7.84
5.79 7.18 5.37 6.56 8.57
6.54 7.84 5.94 7.12 9.53
7.22 8.35 6.35 7.50 10.07
7.60 8.84 6.68 7.73 10.56
7.97 9.22 7.01 7.86 10.96
8.41 9.67 7.29 8.05 11.38
8.75 9.92 7.54 8.19 11.56
4.39 4.28
5.81 7.23 6.37 4.71 4.66
6.53 7.92 6.97 5.10 5.10
7.36 8.65 7.59 5.59 5.59
8.20 9.47 8.30 6.10 6.18
8.69 10.02 8.63 6.61 6.68
9.21 10.25 8.95 6.92 7.03
9.64 10.44 9.28 7.33 7.28
9.86 10.50 9.57 7.59 7.61
9.80 10.57 9.74 7.90 7.92
4.51 4.24 7.15 4.89 4.40
4.84 4.68 7.95 5.18 4.70
5.19 5.13 8.60 5.68 5.10
5.70 5.56 8.88 6.29 5.53
6.50 6.08 9.04 7.02 6.14
7.12 6.72 9.41 7.74 6.79
7.36 7.16 9.65 8.40 7.35
7.31 7.49 9.85 8.69 7.66
7.14 7.93 9.97 8.92 8.03
7.43 8.29 10.25 9.64 8.41
7.75 8.58 10.47 9.98 8.83
3.99 5.82 4.93 5.26 4.92
4.30 6.36 5.42 5.69 5.43
4.69 6.83 6.06 6.16 5.70
5.11 7.56 6.68 6.69 6.18
5.58 8.39 7.41 7.27 6.68
6.22 9.41 8.08 8.03 7.01
6.84 10.44 8.80 8.80 7.89
7.37 11.23 9.40 9.37 8.62
7.79 11.42 9.74 9.78 8.73
8.10 11.57 9.93 10.03 9.14
8.51 11.63 10.24 10.26 9.64
8.83 11.65 10.38 10.35 9.68
... ...
... ...
... ...
... 6.12
... 6.70
4.02 7.18
4.39 8.50
4.64 9.76
4.83 10.03
5.02 9.51
5.19 9.44
5.31 9.60
112.19 19.48
EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
Table 2-37. Average Hourly Earnings of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by State, SIC Basis, 1973–2000—Continued (Dollars.) State
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
Alabama ....................................... Alaska .......................................... Arizona ......................................... Arkansas ...................................... California ......................................
8.76 11.79 9.97 7.88 10.75
8.95 11.98 9.85 8.07 10.80
9.10 12.01 9.92 8.26 11.16
9.39 12.46 10.21 8.51 11.48
9.72 11.40 10.70 8.81 11.87
9.99 10.75 10.96 9.05 12.19
10.35 11.14 11.06 9.36 12.38
10.75 10.96 11.17 9.65 12.44
11.14 11.00 11.16 10.05 12.55
11.55 11.14 11.49 10.41 12.84
11.86 11.78 11.67 10.78 13.24
12.11 11.09 12.17 11.12 13.66
12.54 12.16 12.70 11.55 13.95
12.96 12.46 12.78 11.97 14.26
Colorado ...................................... Connecticut .................................. Delaware ...................................... Florida .......................................... Georgia ........................................
10.05 10.46 10.67 8.16 8.49
10.38 10.78 11.49 8.39 8.65
10.44 11.21 12.36 8.67 8.87
10.94 11.53 12.39 8.98 9.17
11.33 11.99 12.20 9.30 9.56
11.32 12.46 12.35 9.59 9.86
12.01 13.01 13.29 9.76 10.09
12.26 13.53 13.92 9.97 10.34
12.51 13.71 14.20 10.18 10.71
12.83 14.01 14.02 10.55 11.19
13.31 14.46 14.81 10.95 11.64
13.74 14.83 15.36 11.43 12.03
14.19 15.33 15.91 11.83 12.48
14.82 15.70 16.53 12.28 12.99
Hawaii .......................................... Idaho ............................................ Illinois ........................................... Indiana ......................................... Iowa .............................................
9.30 9.75 10.85 ... 10.62
9.84 10.00 10.98 ... 10.56
10.37 10.21 11.21 11.70 10.82
10.99 10.60 11.44 12.03 11.27
11.39 11.11 11.68 12.43 11.62
11.61 11.42 11.84 12.79 11.92
11.98 11.88 12.04 13.17 12.22
12.22 11.88 12.25 13.55 12.45
12.82 11.46 12.64 13.91 12.73
12.79 12.15 13.03 14.33 13.13
13.11 12.46 13.35 14.79 13.57
13.16 12.80 13.75 14.97 13.91
13.49 13.42 14.05 15.26 14.20
13.59 14.17 14.36 15.83 14.66
Kansas ......................................... Kentucky ...................................... Louisiana ..................................... Maine ........................................... Maryland ......................................
9.97 10.02 10.90 8.77 10.11
10.24 10.16 10.94 9.31 10.71
10.68 10.37 11.13 9.92 11.19
10.94 10.70 11.61 10.59 11.57
11.24 11.00 11.86 11.08 11.92
11.60 11.28 12.19 11.40 12.50
11.99 11.47 12.66 11.63 12.83
12.15 11.81 13.11 11.91 13.15
12.39 12.22 13.43 12.39 13.49
12.88 12.70 13.65 12.71 13.73
13.45 13.17 14.14 13.12 14.14
13.84 13.82 14.63 13.49 14.31
14.44 14.27 15.18 13.94 14.62
14.98 14.83 15.56 14.28 14.98
Massachusetts ............................. Michigan ...................................... Minnesota .................................... Mississippi ................................... Missouri .......................................
9.77 12.97 10.37 7.59 10.00
10.40 13.31 10.59 7.83 10.24
10.87 13.51 10.95 8.03 10.49
11.39 13.86 11.23 8.37 10.74
11.81 14.52 11.52 8.67 10.86
12.15 14.81 11.92 8.91 11.24
12.36 15.36 12.23 9.16 11.55
12.59 16.13 12.58 9.41 11.77
12.79 16.31 12.79 9.76 12.17
13.05 16.67 13.16 10.18 12.57
13.42 17.18 13.63 10.41 12.98
13.80 17.61 13.92 10.73 13.38
14.24 18.38 14.34 11.17 13.93
14.66 19.26 14.99 11.64 14.34
Montana ....................................... Nebraska ..................................... Nevada ........................................ New Hampshire ........................... New Jersey ..................................
10.61 9.33 9.76 9.29 10.40
10.68 9.38 10.08 9.97 10.86
11.15 9.53 10.33 10.37 11.17
11.51 9.66 11.05 10.83 11.76
11.57 9.84 11.04 10.84 12.17
12.18 10.22 11.55 11.22 12.57
12.40 10.46 11.65 11.62 12.98
12.49 10.94 11.83 11.74 13.36
12.94 11.19 12.62 11.94 13.56
13.00 11.51 13.59 12.23 13.85
13.29 12.10 14.17 12.55 14.24
13.76 12.32 14.42 12.79 14.58
14.17 12.77 13.92 13.17 15.11
14.34 12.94 13.85 13.39 15.47
New Mexico ................................. New York ..................................... North Carolina .............................. North Dakota ................................ Ohio .............................................
8.74 10.09 7.84 8.43 11.73
8.87 10.43 8.12 8.36 12.00
8.74 10.67 8.42 8.80 12.26
9.04 11.11 8.79 9.27 12.64
9.40 11.43 9.19 9.25 13.12
9.68 11.72 9.49 9.60 13.49
9.74 11.97 9.81 9.86 14.05
10.13 12.19 10.19 10.19 14.40
10.68 12.50 10.56 10.75 14.42
10.99 12.78 10.97 10.95 14.70
11.74 13.19 11.41 11.29 15.30
12.47 13.47 11.84 11.40 15.79
12.53 13.87 12.32 11.94 16.26
13.26 14.24 12.80 12.64 16.71
Oklahoma .................................... Oregon ......................................... Pennsylvania ............................... Rhode Island ................................ South Carolina .............................
10.14 10.56 9.98 8.20 8.10
10.35 10.60 10.33 8.64 8.30
10.48 10.81 10.66 9.06 8.54
10.73 11.15 11.04 9.45 8.84
11.09 11.53 11.46 9.73 9.17
11.38 11.97 11.78 9.92 9.48
11.42 12.18 12.11 10.20 9.80
11.42 12.31 12.49 10.35 10.00
11.52 12.75 12.81 10.62 10.16
11.78 13.01 113.40
10.95 10.25
12.36 13.39 13.78 11.31 10.35
12.61 14.07 14.06 11.61 10.52
12.70 14.61 14.19 11.98 10.67
13.17 15.08 14.60 12.17 10.97
South Dakota ............................... Tennessee ................................... Texas ........................................... Utah ............................................. Vermont .......................................
7.92 8.78 10.84 9.96 9.12
8.09 8.96 10.92 10.11 9.47
8.30 9.22 11.02 10.14 9.99
8.48 9.55 11.13 10.32 10.52
8.79 9.92 11.47 10.77 11.00
8.84 10.13 11.81 11.09 11.52
8.89 10.33 12.03 11.10 12.09
9.19 10.50 12.14 11.28 11.96
9.36 10.78 12.25 11.62 12.21
9.59 11.30 12.38 12.21 12.42
9.96 11.71 12.57 12.85 12.70
10.22 12.06 ... 13.07 13.03
10.58 12.50 ... 13.39 13.65
10.70 12.92 ... 13.68 14.23
Virginia ......................................... Washington .................................. West Virginia ................................ Wisconsin .................................... Wyoming ......................................
9.14 11.73 10.55 10.55 9.75
9.37 11.90 10.81 10.61 110.27
9.69 12.12 11.17 10.77 10.58
10.07 12.61 11.53 11.11 10.83
10.43 13.13 11.77 11.47 10.98
10.62 13.59 12.11 11.85 11.10
10.85 14.01 12.27 12.17 11.53
11.24 14.86 12.60 12.41 11.79
11.72 14.73 12.64 12.76 11.96
12.19 14.73 12.96 13.14 13.17
12.51 15.16 13.17 13.66 14.54
12.90 15.76 13.72 14.02 14.93
13.37 16.14 14.09 14.50 15.40
13.82 16.75 14.61 14.85 16.18
Puerto Rico .................................. Virgin Islands ...............................
5.43 9.40
5.56 9.86
5.77 10.87
6.04 11.85
6.32 12.52
6.63 13.68
6.98 14.97
7.22 15.16
7.41 15.82
7.70 17.00
7.99 18.09
8.41 18.60
8.93 18.89
9.39 21.88
Note: Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. 1Data not continuous. . . . = Not available.
231
232
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 2-38. Average Weekly Earnings of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by State, NAICS Basis, 2001–2004 (Dollars.) State
2001
2002
2003
2004
Alabama .............................................................................. Alaska .................................................................................. Arizona ................................................................................ Arkansas .............................................................................. California .............................................................................
523.16 504.27 556.14 514.71 581.72
542.34 495.18 566.40 528.01 589.64
555.96 523.74 580.95 536.58 597.09
584.66 487.61 575.10 538.25 614.00
Colorado .............................................................................. Connecticut .......................................................................... Delaware ............................................................................. District of Columbia ............................................................. Florida .................................................................................. Georgia ................................................................................
599.10 684.71 657.43 ... 514.81 505.00
626.86 717.18 664.00 ... 559.93 547.24
682.36 734.44 681.47 ... 577.69 560.38
664.98 767.03 707.20 ... 568.82 569.58
Hawaii .................................................................................. Idaho .................................................................................... Illinois ................................................................................... Indiana ................................................................................. Iowa .....................................................................................
474.48 541.54 601.06 673.22 600.00
465.29 546.48 620.59 727.16 632.72
479.88 566.64 617.12 751.06 654.69
510.89 573.08 640.01 754.43 682.37
Kansas ................................................................................. Kentucky .............................................................................. Louisiana ............................................................................. Maine ................................................................................... Maryland ..............................................................................
630.04 640.76 697.36 585.46 567.84
651.98 663.81 747.62 620.45 608.40
641.12 667.62 743.53 651.20 621.73
679.37 673.61 719.96 672.01 660.85
Massachusetts ..................................................................... Michigan .............................................................................. Minnesota ............................................................................ Mississippi ........................................................................... Missouri ...............................................................................
634.73 814.96 584.50 473.62 649.23
663.00 875.78 597.88 500.19 660.24
671.12 892.52 620.29 514.31 737.91
694.18 912.87 656.04 526.11 720.38
Montana ............................................................................... Nebraska ............................................................................. Nevada ................................................................................ New Hampshire ................................................................... New Jersey ..........................................................................
544.36 561.97 533.67 567.59 598.44
551.23 588.70 567.26 565.56 621.27
538.37 618.18 570.57 594.00 633.45
569.52 631.90 585.46 619.20 659.71
New Mexico ......................................................................... New York ............................................................................. North Carolina ..................................................................... North Dakota ....................................................................... Ohio .....................................................................................
517.53 646.35 504.71 522.29 691.75
535.06 675.03 529.84 529.43 724.09
519.69 671.20 543.67 561.60 737.59
519.95 686.41 574.28 563.96 770.20
Oklahoma ............................................................................ Oregon ................................................................................. Pennsylvania ....................................................................... Rhode Island ....................................................................... South Carolina .....................................................................
538.20 576.33 580.55 499.59 568.15
553.11 588.85 594.43 493.43 589.40
555.31 597.36 599.60 506.18 586.05
575.70 599.79 610.55 510.78 581.84
South Dakota ....................................................................... Tennessee ........................................................................... Texas ................................................................................... Utah ..................................................................................... Vermont ...............................................................................
504.99 501.03 584.06 528.38 561.53
532.98 527.32 572.52 533.74 573.20
558.03 539.69 577.12 591.53 581.60
561.12 554.00 556.40 585.98 586.92
Virginia ................................................................................. Washington .......................................................................... West Virginia ....................................................................... Wisconsin ............................................................................ Wyoming ..............................................................................
581.30 718.40 608.28 620.69 666.24
621.30 727.82 637.56 642.33 696.40
647.70 711.79 662.87 649.64 673.35
668.30 730.80 686.00 652.46 658.23
Puerto Rico .......................................................................... Virgin Islands .......................................................................
... 990.82
... 1 004.23
427.81 1 000.24
443.88 1 082.98
. . . = Not available.
EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
233
Table 2-39. Average Weekly Earnings of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by State, SIC Basis, 1973–2000 (Dollars.) State
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
Alabama ....................................... Alaska .......................................... Arizona ......................................... Arkansas ...................................... California ......................................
140.22 239.40 160.39 119.30 178.93
151.06 287.55 172.48 129.36 188.97
161.95 296.09 189.15 143.17 205.67
181.08 316.71 205.00 154.84 221.92
198.04 394.90 222.56 170.71 240.60
219.24 375.66 243.01 185.50 257.84
242.16 401.25 268.77 205.52 280.50
260.25 436.49 292.33 224.40 304.15
279.70 456.80 317.59 246.64 338.98
282.20 453.16 339.60 258.23 362.21
308.51 446.35 364.10 282.71 380.80
326.77 481.42 370.87 296.06 393.73
345.98 1496.1 1387.7 304.31 406.82
355.10 477.58 405.08 313.50 417.51
Colorado ...................................... Connecticut .................................. Delaware ...................................... Florida .......................................... Georgia ........................................
... 174.29 172.89 141.45 131.63
... 182.99 182.03 151.15 139.30
... 193.59 197.29 164.40 150.10
... 208.90 220.40 176.14 164.41
228.52 230.74 235.22 188.44 180.63
244.05 250.32 263.20 207.36 195.69
273.74 270.06 278.08 221.94 214.12
303.67 295.94 306.99 243.98 231.95
329.54 319.07 333.68 265.12 255.44
338.30 333.32 338.69 280.10 260.55
1357.90
361.79 373.11 298.33 293.04
377.92 391.85 385.12 313.94 310.78
382.70 400.98 405.25 324.62 328.86
391.82 420.93 415.07 327.22 341.52
Hawaii .......................................... Idaho ............................................ Illinois ........................................... Indiana ......................................... Iowa .............................................
156.81 157.14 187.85 ... ...
167.06 171.99 200.69 ... ...
182.99 185.08 219.13 ... ...
200.46 204.72 236.11 ... 233.42
209.38 228.73 254.91 ... 257.84
227.74 253.36 271.42 ... 281.50
244.35 265.04 296.66 ... 313.88
258.17 280.11 319.20 ... 343.33
289.90 311.09 356.23 ... 379.20
302.06 316.35 364.86 ... 387.39
317.68 335.85 393.59 ... 401.58
318.14 351.18 409.35 ... 411.65
323.51 355.70 421.02 ... 414.86
344.65 369.01 436.40 ... 420.21
Kansas ......................................... Kentucky ...................................... Louisiana ..................................... Maine ........................................... Maryland ......................................
... 161.20 164.77 131.78 170.91
... 172.66 176.44 141.45 184.34
... 184.60 208.86 152.02 197.06
... 202.91 220.13 165.98 218.59
... 224.75 240.35 179.90 241.40
... 247.90 267.07 197.38 257.75
273.10 266.74 287.86 217.34 283.60
297.75 286.99 318.89 240.00 301.36
325.22 308.90 362.08 269.06 334.76
344.96 321.79 384.58 288.80 344.18
360.89 344.57 391.60 303.64 360.80
376.14 363.78 418.50 321.20 387.45
373.28 370.72 434.93 336.00 392.12
393.33 386.51 443.08 351.19 401.36
Massachusetts ............................. Michigan ...................................... Minnesota .................................... Mississippi ................................... Missouri .......................................
157.55 ... 173.02 118.89 161.19
165.98 ... 186.33 125.37 172.53
175.17 ... 199.92 140.69 187.20
190.16 290.97 220.09 153.20 206.96
204.69 326.27 238.80 166.42 231.15
222.71 349.50 258.89 181.94 248.40
239.80 359.72 277.20 196.02 264.65
257.80 381.87 299.83 213.79 284.59
280.40 426.27 330.96 236.19 318.37
297.14 449.33 356.20 244.22 326.56
319.60 494.02 379.53 268.67 354.71
340.85 526.18 392.93 282.17 377.06
366.30 544.78 405.02 293.13 384.71
381.61 545.28 414.12 299.89 398.12
Montana ....................................... Nebraska ..................................... Nevada ........................................ New Hampshire ........................... New Jersey ..................................
178.03 156.78 188.40 134.92 176.41
195.94 170.98 189.73 143.44 186.11
210.14 187.66 200.93 155.23 199.68
236.01 202.57 218.23 168.70 215.71
272.95 219.91 236.68 182.40 239.20
333.49 239.61 251.79 199.08 256.22
362.08 269.69 267.58 215.34 276.45
379.30 299.63 294.90 1233.63 297.07
372.69 322.80 325.01 255.76 327.16
387.50 337.95 328.24 274.82 345.53
414.47 353.03 349.98 300.51 369.87
421.79 361.67 362.98 322.26 390.45
428.15 363.51 369.66 341.47 402.29
431.04 374.10 376.27 361.32 416.94
New Mexico ................................. New York ..................................... North Carolina .............................. North Dakota ................................ Ohio .............................................
121.35 167.58 119.90 143.42 201.35
127.10 178.48 128.25 153.97 211.36
141.57 191.00 135.17 171.97 224.47
160.77 207.64 149.33 185.73 252.54
171.88 224.53 162.36 200.33 283.08
187.77 241.98 177.91 220.34 306.91
211.72 260.17 192.85 233.82 325.36
230.44 282.89 211.04 246.00 347.94
258.33 308.90 232.25 271.27 389.78
283.02 323.98 236.86 282.00 403.81
301.72 347.41 267.20 293.74 437.18
318.00 366.96 279.70 301.82 463.61
334.72 384.87 288.68 310.73 477.96
345.63 395.81 306.88 312.86 486.68
Oklahoma .................................... Oregon ......................................... Pennsylvania ............................... Rhode Island ................................ South Carolina .............................
149.81 180.78 167.23 132.44 122.72
162.40 194.39 180.97 141.90 132.14
178.00 212.35 193.22 149.04 141.45
194.65 236.12 210.11 163.93 157.96
214.52 257.46 1231.08
171.65 173.77
233.56 281.97 254.80 183.22 190.13
264.46 304.92 278.10 199.41 208.08
295.14 329.57 294.49 219.69 225.28
328.82 355.13 325.36 239.73 249.67
343.26 379.76 331.39 255.16 255.18
373.01 398.73 350.84 269.88 285.30
401.02 409.25 373.06 299.80 297.07
407.22 406.35 381.84 305.11 307.44
404.74 412.23 391.55 319.16 325.51
South Dakota ............................... Tennessee ................................... Texas ........................................... Utah ............................................. Vermont .......................................
143.56 132.92 ... 148.62 145.25
157.21 144.44 ... 162.02 155.36
171.35 156.41 ... 175.77 164.43
179.95 170.87 203.68 191.69 180.40
190.21 188.14 222.76 207.15 191.76
216.42 203.15 242.84 224.36 209.10
238.83 220.73 265.51 245.31 225.62
265.85 241.38 294.58 274.48 249.28
296.19 268.13 328.34 307.28 271.60
302.50 276.38 344.00 323.40 286.65
304.10 303.34 363.19 342.39 306.40
300.59 324.34 376.97 355.91 326.02
310.57 339.72 387.69 386.56 342.29
326.28 353.50 399.51 399.20 359.38
Virginia ......................................... Washington .................................. West Virginia ................................ Wisconsin .................................... Wyoming ......................................
135.60 189.34 165.60 183.99 155.58
145.27 203.84 179.39 197.43 171.71
156.41 225.23 192.27 212.25 190.36
171.57 248.68 212.46 230.91 218.11
187.13 267.74 239.37 250.06 226.82
203.38 297.11 264.53 274.21 238.55
221.53 323.85 293.44 297.00 251.17
244.45 361.34 316.74 323.10 272.69
271.55 405.07 346.72 352.55 315.60
283.01 432.36 364.72 370.87 329.28
309.26 444.24 385.70 398.05 322.21
326.43 448.92 400.18 412.23 361.03
341.25 453.57 408.58 421.69 394.28
356.73 459.01 418.31 427.46 377.52
Puerto Rico .................................. Virgin Islands ...............................
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... 250.31
... 274.03
152.76 295.10
167.77 359.55
174.00 412.85
186.92 415.24
194.27 405.41
199.82 393.65
207.09 402.24
1Data not continuous. . . . = Not available.
234
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 2-39. Average Weekly Earnings of Production Workers on Manufacturing Payrolls by State, SIC Basis, 1973–2000—Continued (Dollars.) State
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
Alabama ....................................... Alaska .......................................... Arizona ......................................... Arkansas ...................................... California ......................................
362.66 503.43 404.78 323.08 433.23
370.53 504.36 404.84 330.06 439.56
374.92 533.24 408.70 337.01 454.21
384.99 559.45 415.55 348.91 466.09
396.58 528.96 435.49 362.97 481.92
411.59 489.13 447.17 374.67 494.91
426.42 501.30 450.14 387.50 506.34
450.43 519.50 472.49 403.37 515.02
463.42 525.80 474.30 412.05 517.06
481.64 518.01 491.77 432.02 532.86
496.93 550.13 483.14 446.29 554.76
511.04 553.39 491.67 463.70 570.99
Colorado ...................................... Connecticut .................................. Delaware ...................................... Florida .......................................... Georgia ........................................
404.01 440.37 434.27 332.93 353.18
419.35 454.92 459.60 341.47 358.11
419.69 473.06 512.94 354.60 364.56
450.73 484.26 511.71 365.49 375.05
457.73 501.18 497.76 378.51 391.96
458.46 519.58 503.88 392.23 408.20
494.81 547.72 559.50 402.11 420.75
506.34 579.08 595.78 412.76 438.42
512.91 586.79 582.20 421.45 453.03
528.60 595.43 567.81 437.83 473.34
1556.36
616.00 620.54 457.71 493.54
Hawaii .......................................... Idaho ............................................ Illinois ........................................... Indiana ......................................... Iowa .............................................
366.42 371.48 451.36 ... 438.61
393.60 381.00 464.45 ... 437.18
414.80 397.16 469.70 486.72 441.46
442.90 412.34 473.62 496.84 456.44
453.32 434.40 481.22 512.12 470.61
464.40 447.66 485.44 537.18 492.30
476.80 476.39 499.66 562.36 508.35
468.03 475.20 513.28 586.72 527.88
480.75 450.38 527.09 587.00 533.39
487.30 479.93 543.35 613.32 551.46
Kansas ......................................... Kentucky ...................................... Louisiana ..................................... Maine ........................................... Maryland ......................................
406.78 405.81 455.62 363.96 412.49
416.77 411.48 464.95 381.71 444.47
429.34 414.80 474.14 398.78 459.91
440.88 429.07 498.07 424.66 472.06
452.97 443.30 506.42 443.20 483.95
474.44 454.58 519.29 458.28 510.00
498.78 464.54 538.05 474.50 527.31
505.44 487.75 568.97 483.55 545.73
509.23 504.69 580.18 493.12 559.84
Massachusetts ............................. Michigan ...................................... Minnesota .................................... Mississippi ................................... Missouri .......................................
400.57 547.33 424.13 305.88 406.00
423.28 576.32 432.07 315.55 417.79
442.41 579.58 443.48 321.20 426.94
463.57 579.35 452.57 329.78 437.12
484.21 602.58 465.41 344.20 438.74
498.15 619.06 486.34 359.07 456.34
510.47 662.02 502.65 375.56 478.17
523.74 724.24 523.33 392.40 494.34
Montana ....................................... Nebraska ..................................... Nevada ........................................ New Hampshire ........................... New Jersey ..................................
409.55 377.87 393.33 382.75 428.48
413.32 385.52 400.18 405.78 445.26
437.08 387.87 422.50 427.24 457.97
448.89 394.13 449.74 441.86 486.86
452.39 397.54 448.22 446.61 503.84
473.80 420.04 470.09 466.75 521.66
478.64 434.09 482.31 489.20 538.67
New Mexico ................................. New York ..................................... North Carolina .............................. North Dakota ................................ Ohio .............................................
346.98 402.59 323.01 326.24 499.70
359.24 416.16 328.86 323.53 516.00
349.60 426.80 339.33 350.24 523.50
367.93 439.96 350.72 368.95 535.94
376.94 454.91 368.52 368.15 553.66
387.20 468.80 386.24 387.84 569.28
Oklahoma .................................... Oregon ......................................... Pennsylvania ............................... Rhode Island ................................ South Carolina .............................
417.77 413.95 408.18 328.00 337.77
425.39 416.58 424.56 343.01 341.13
435.97 425.91 437.06 356.06 352.70
441.00 438.20 449.33 375.17 362.44
454.69 454.28 1462.98
South Dakota ............................... Tennessee ................................... Texas ........................................... Utah ............................................. Vermont .......................................
330.26 365.25 409.76 393.42 370.27
343.83 372.74 415.75 407.43 382.59
346.94 376.18 428.45 405.60 408.59
Virginia ......................................... Washington .................................. West Virginia ................................ Wisconsin .................................... Wyoming ......................................
375.65 468.03 428.33 436.77 378.30
382.30 477.19 438.89 443.50 395.40
Puerto Rico .................................. Virgin Islands ...............................
211.23 396.68
217.40 398.34
1Data not continuous. . . . = Not available.
1999
2000
527.93
481.64 581.72
543.02 554.47 516.31 490.77 594.64
570.21 633.24 649.73 476.63 502.85
588.89 649.99 684.13 494.49 522.91
589.84 668.82 715.75 514.53 537.79
496.87 499.65 563.37 638.93 578.08
490.87 490.24 574.75 642.21 582.83
530.16 528.75 588.70 654.65 587.88
520.50 555.46 591.63 666.44 609.86
546.11 521.97 603.33 507.13 562.93
568.94 550.51 623.57 532.67 585.40
579.90 573.53 643.72 547.69 595.30
593.48 595.06 657.29 568.75 605.27
608.19 624.34 665.97 589.76 609.69
533.34 722.53 530.79 400.16 502.62
545.49 731.81 544.82 420.43 521.66
567.67 757.64 565.65 432.02 539.97
579.60 762.51 574.90 444.22 555.27
598.08 812.40 590.81 461.32 578.10
614.25 841.66 611.59 473.75 592.24
490.86 460.57 486.21 1496.60 558.45
509.84 464.39 522.47 496.70 566.81
508.30 478.82 565.34 511.21 578.93
530.27 499.73 607.89 527.10 598.08
540.77 516.21 605.64 528.23 609.44
552.63 535.06 574.90 534.70 630.09
552.09 535.72 587.24 550.33 649.74
398.37 483.59 400.25 406.23 604.15
414.32 499.79 418.81 431.04 632.16
426.13 511.25 428.74 437.53 625.83
441.80 521.42 443.19 462.09 636.51
467.25 543.43 470.09 457.25 667.08
481.34 553.62 486.62 454.86 677.39
488.67 571.44 505.12 477.60 697.55
503.88 585.26 529.92 506.86 716.86
389.20 378.72
468.86 472.82 480.62 397.79 395.32
478.50 481.11 498.93 405.96 407.68
492.20 497.32 519.58 417.11 418.00
482.69 511.28 529.05 430.11 425.70
494.76 523.00 552.08 438.00 428.45
524.06 547.65 578.76 462.58 436.77
523.32 572.65 589.11 471.37 448.15
524.51 590.24 593.14 478.00 454.54
538.65 603.20 616.12 491.67 466.23
344.29 368.63 437.65 410.74 429.22
362.15 392.83 456.36 429.72 448.80
364.21 408.24 464.10 446.93 472.32
367.16 421.46 471.66 439.56 501.74
385.98 429.45 479.70 457.97 489.16
391.25 435.51 490.92 462.48 494.51
397.99 458.78 507.83 492.06 503.01
417.32 482.45 523.31 516.57 516.89
435.37 488.43 530.52 528.03 515.99
453.88 507.50 532.88 535.60 539.18
461.17 519.38 536.05 544.46 573.47
396.32 477.53 454.62 446.96 421.08
406.83 511.97 469.27 459.95 432.12
422.42 523.89 477.86 474.86 423.83
435.42 543.60 491.67 495.33 428.46
444.85 563.20 501.84 511.14 448.52
468.71 601.83 520.38 529.91 471.60
487.55 600.98 528.35 537.20 471.22
505.89 600.98 533.95 554.51 528.12
527.92 615.50 549.19 579.18 585.96
545.67 643.01 570.75 586.04 603.17
566.89 660.13 586.14 607.55 605.22
584.59 681.73 603.39 616.28 624.55
227.92 453.28
236.16 502.44
246.48 518.33
262.55 574.56
275.71 651.20
288.08 647.33
293.44 659.69
297.22 705.50
316.40 772.44
336.40 745.86
366.13 827.38
381.23 962.72
1550.85 1513.08
EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
235
NOTES AND DEFINITIONS QUARTERLY CENSUS OF EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES The Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) program, also called the ES-202 program, is a cooperative endeavor of the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) and the employment security agencies of the states. Using quarterly data submitted by the agencies, BLS summarizes the employment and wage data for workers covered by state unemployment insurance laws and for civilian workers covered by the Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees program. These tables provide the data that use the 2002 version of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) as the basis for the assignment and tabulation of economic data by industry. The NAICS structure is significantly different than that of the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system, which was used for industry classification purposes until this year. This difference results in NAICS-based data that are not comparable with historical SIC-based data. The NAICS classification system was described in the sixth edition of this Handbook. The QCEW data series is the most complete universe of employment and wage information by industry, county, and state. These data serve as the basic source of benchmark information for employment by industry in the Current Employment Statistics (CES) program, which is shown in the first section of Part 2 of this Handbook. Therefore, the entire employment series is not presented here. The wage series is presented because the CES provides earnings only for production and non-supervisory employees. The QCEW is more comprehensive. Total wages Annual pay data are compiled from reports submitted by employers subject to state and federal unemployment insurance (UI) laws, covering 131.6 million full- and parttime workers. Average annual pay is computed by dividing total annual payrolls of employees covered by UI programs by the average monthly number of these employees. Pay differences among states reflect the varying com-
position of employment by occupation, industry, hours of work, and other factors. Pay differences among industries are similarly affected. For example, the relatively large share of part-time workers reduces average annual pay levels in retail trade industries. Correspondingly, pay levels in construction industries reflect the prevalence of part-year employment due to weather and seasonal factors. Over-the-year pay changes may reflect shifts in the composition of employment, as well as changes in the average level of pay. Total wages, for purposes of the quarterly UI reports submitted by private industry employers in private industry in most states, include gross wages and salaries, bonuses, stock options, tips and other gratuities, and the value of meals and lodging (where supplied). In some states, employer contributions to certain deferred compensation plans, such as 401(k) plans, are included in total wages. Total wages, however, do not include employer contributions to Old Age, Survivors’, and Disability Insurance (OASDI); health insurance; unemployment insurance; workers’ compensation; and private pension and welfare funds. In most states, firms report the total wages paid during the calendar quarter, regardless of the timing of the services performed. However, under the laws of a few states, the employers report total wages earned during the quarter (payable) rather than actual amounts paid. For federal workers, wages represent the gross amount of all payrolls for all pay periods paid within the quarter. This gross amount includes cash allowances and the cash equivalent of any type of remuneration. It includes all lump-sum payments for terminal leave, withholding taxes, and retirement deductions. Federal employee remuneration generally covers the same types of services as those for workers in private industry. Sources of Additional Information Additional information about the QCEW program and NAICS is available from the Monthly Labor Review, December 2001, and the BLS Web site.
236
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Table 2-40. Employment and Average Annual Pay for All Covered Workers 1, by State, 2001–2003 (Number, dollars.) 2001
2002
2003
State Employment
Average annual pay
Employment
Average annual pay
Employment
Average annual pay
United States ............................................................. Alabama ..................................................................... Alaska ........................................................................ Arizona ....................................................................... Arkansas .................................................................... California ....................................................................
129 635 800 1 854 462 283 033 2 243 652 1 127 151 14 981 757
36 219 30 102 36 170 33 411 27 260 41 327
128 233 919 1 830 620 287 231 2 240 234 1 119 428 14 837 334
36 764 31 163 37 134 34 036 28 074 41 419
127 795 827 1 823 573 291 797 2 272 393 1 115 891 14 807 656
37 765 32 236 37 804 35 056 28 893 42 592
Colorado .................................................................... Connecticut ................................................................ Delaware .................................................................... District of Columbia ..................................................... Florida ........................................................................ Georgia ......................................................................
2 201 379 1 665 607 406 736 635 749 7 153 589 3 871 763
37 952 46 993 38 427 55 908 31 553 35 136
2 153 857 1 648 547 401 971 650 515 7 164 523 3 807 915
38 005 46 852 39 684 57 914 32 426 35 734
2 117 773 1 625 801 402 166 651 088 7 248 097 3 783 232
38 942 48 328 40 954 60 417 33 544 36 626
Hawaii ........................................................................ Idaho .......................................................................... Illinois ......................................................................... Indiana ....................................................................... Iowa ...........................................................................
557 146 571 314 5 886 248 2 871 236 1 429 543
31 253 27 768 39 083 31 779 28 837
558 651 571 869 5 771 132 2 832 553 1 412 203
32 671 28 163 39 688 32 603 29 668
569 532 575 889 5 698 184 2 821 879 1 404 377
33 742 28 677 40 540 33 379 30 708
Kansas ....................................................................... Kentucky .................................................................... Louisiana .................................................................... Maine ......................................................................... Maryland ....................................................................
1 319 667 1 736 575 1 869 966 593 166 2 421 899
30 153 30 021 29 131 28 815 38 253
1 303 114 1 717 975 1 847 754 591 052 2 427 257
30 825 30 904 30 115 29 736 39 382
1 284 726 1 714 060 1 855 554 591 372 2 434 245
31 489 31 855 30 782 30 750 40 686
Massachusetts ........................................................... Michigan ..................................................................... Minnesota .................................................................. Mississippi .................................................................. Missouri ......................................................................
3 276 224 4 476 659 2 609 669 1 111 255 2 652 876
44 975 37 391 36 587 25 923 32 421
3 202 323 4 390 209 2 585 650 1 104 225 2 627 082
44 954 38 135 37 458 26 665 33 118
3 141 089 4 321 094 2 576 452 1 096 802 2 615 848
46 323 39 433 38 610 27 591 33 788
Montana ..................................................................... Nebraska .................................................................... Nevada ....................................................................... New Hampshire ......................................................... New Jersey ................................................................
383 905 883 920 1 043 748 610 192 3 876 194
25 195 28 377 33 121 35 481 44 320
388 161 874 063 1 045 012 603 234 3 855 419
26 001 29 448 33 993 36 176 45 182
393 541 875 251 1 080 624 604 340 3 850 590
26 907 30 382 35 329 37 321 46 351
New Mexico ............................................................... New York ................................................................... North Carolina ............................................................ North Dakota .............................................................. Ohio ...........................................................................
729 422 8 423 312 3 805 498 311 632 5 434 769
28 702 46 727 32 024 25 707 33 283
737 418 8 272 274 3 751 648 311 800 5 332 891
29 431 46 328 32 689 26 550 34 214
745 935 8 224 387 3 719 444 314 283 5 281 390
30 202 47 247 33 532 27 628 35 153
Oklahoma ................................................................... Oregon ....................................................................... Pennsylvania .............................................................. Rhode Island .............................................................. South Carolina ...........................................................
1 463 622 1 596 753 5 552 366 468 952 1 786 899
28 016 33 204 34 978 33 603 29 255
1 439 701 1 573 057 5 504 553 468 557 1 765 717
28 654 33 684 35 808 34 810 30 003
1 411 640 1 563 725 5 471 255 472 586 1 766 861
29 699 34 450 36 995 36 415 30 750
South Dakota ............................................................. Tennessee ................................................................. Texas ......................................................................... Utah ........................................................................... Vermont .....................................................................
364 715 2 625 746 9 350 770 1 050 674 298 020
25 601 31 520 36 045 30 077 30 238
363 292 2 601 518 9 261 089 1 041 707 295 443
26 360 32 531 36 248 30 585 31 041
364 263 2 598 748 9 208 473 1 041 938 294 395
27 210 33 581 36 968 31 106 32 086
Virginia ....................................................................... Washington ................................................................ West Virginia .............................................................. Wisconsin ................................................................... Wyoming ....................................................................
3 436 172 2 689 507 685 754 2 717 660 237 278
36 733 37 459 27 981 31 540 28 043
3 404 760 2 643 754 683 183 2 690 830 239 615
37 222 38 242 28 612 32 464 28 975
3 410 834 2 653 237 677 901 2 687 919 241 699
38 585 39 021 29 284 33 425 29 924
Puerto Rico ................................................................ Virgin Islands ..............................................................
1 007 919 44 330
19 728 29 210
992 529 43 070
20 662 30 506
1 023 102 41 961
21 548 30 994
1Includes
workers covered by Unemployment Insurance (UI) and Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE) programs.
EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
237
Table 2-41. NAICS Industry Employment and Average Annual Pay for All Covered Workers, United States, 2001–2003 (Number, dollars.) 2001 Industry Employment
2002 Average annual pay
Employment
2003 Average annual pay
Employment
Average annual pay
Total Private, All Industries ........................................................... Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting .................................... Mining .......................................................................................... Construction ................................................................................ Manufacturing .............................................................................. Wholesale trade ...........................................................................
109 304 802 1 170 570 535 189 6 773 512 16 386 001 5 730 294
36 157 20 188 59 686 38 412 42 969 48 791
107 577 281 1 155 890 505 979 6 683 553 15 209 192 5 617 456
36 539 20 890 60 392 39 027 44 097 49 241
107 065 553 1 156 242 500 103 6 672 360 14 459 712 5 589 032
37 508 21 366 62 313 39 509 45 916 50 835
Retail trade .................................................................................. Transportation and warehousing ................................................. Utilities ......................................................................................... Information ................................................................................... Financial activities .......................................................................
15 179 753 4 138 146 599 899 3 591 995 7 678 974
22 667 36 189 65 561 57 288 55 515
15 018 588 3 989 116 592 152 3 364 485 7 706 265
23 232 36 823 67 374 56 103 55 172
14 930 765 3 946 170 575 877 3 180 752 7 826 930
23 804 37 436 68 651 58 002 57 143
Professional and business services ............................................. Education and health services .................................................... Leisure and hospitality .................................................................. Other services .............................................................................
16 324 890 14 849 666 11 884 966 4 206 345
43 566 32 718 15 426 23 220
15 939 596 15 346 718 11 995 950 4 246 011
43 899 33 931 15 777 23 784
15 858 457 15 738 013 12 162 238 4 261 165
45 052 35 071 16 138 24 348
Total Government ........................................................................... Federal ........................................................................................ State ............................................................................................ Local ............................................................................................
20 330 998 2 752 619 4 452 237 13 126 143
36 549 48 940 37 814 33 521
20 656 638 2 758 627 4 485 071 13 412 941
37 935 52 050 39 212 34 605
20 730 273 2 764 275 4 481 845 13 484 153
39 094 54 239 40 057 35 669
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HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 2-42. SIC Industry Employment and Average Annual Pay for All Covered Workers1, United States, Old Series, 1997–2000 (Number, dollars.) 1997 Industry Employment
1998
Average annual pay
Employment
1999
Average annual pay
Employment
2000
Average annual pay
Employment
Average annual pay
Total Private Agriculture, forestry, and fishing ............................. Mining .................................................................... Construction ............................................................ Manufacturing ........................................................ Transportation and public utilities ...........................
1 766 273 595 837 5 637 876 18 654 350 6 164 800
17 484 49 998 31 744 38 306 37 658
1 813 093 587 912 5 951 890 18 800 265 6 366 597
18 611 52 066 33 386 40 092 39 345
1 861 280 535 352 6 341 444 18 538 996 6 581 586
19 411 54 636 34 812 41 941 41 786
1 910 776 536 044 6 623 902 18 420 144 6 789 193
20 283 58 084 36 622 44 776 43 623
Wholesale trade ...................................................... Retail trade .............................................................. Finance, insurance, and real estate ....................... Services ..................................................................
6 655 608 21 927 096 6 952 803 33 679 016
39 449 15 878 44 884 28 466
6 817 818 22 279 033 7 224 984 35 066 554
41 831 16 810 48 641 30 053
6 902 441 22 820 731 7 405 144 36 392 096
44 185 17 602 50 910 31 509
7 001 995 23 298 757 7 430 790 37 666 657
46 740 18 430 56 029 33 678
Public Administration Federal .................................................................... State ........................................................................ Local ......................................................................
1 408 752 1 787 173 3 453 703
46 835 33 741 30 771
1 382 158 1 800 690 3 517 505
48 041 34 706 32 023
1 378 753 1 832 647 3 573 435
48 780 35 778 33 184
1 477 873 1 840 913 3 648 745
49 840 37 792 34 417
1Includes
workers covered by Unemployment Insurance (UI) and Unemployment Compensation for Federal Employees (UCFE) programs.
239
EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
BUSINESS EMPLOYMENT DYNAMICS
Private Sector Gross Job Gains and Gross Job Losses, Seasonally Adjusted, September 1992–December 2004
Components of Private Sector Gross Job Gains and Job Losses, Seasonally Adjusted, September 1992–December 2004 8,000
Number (in thousands)
Number (in thousands)
10,000
9,000
8,000
7,000
6,000
7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 0
Year Gross job gains
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Year
Gross job losses Expansions
Contractions
Openings
Closings
Expanding private sector business establishments gained 8.1 million jobs in the fourth quarter of 2004, an increase of 292,000 jobs from the previous quarter. This was the largest gross job gain since the fourth quarter of 1999. The net change—the difference between total gross job gains and gross job losses—equaled 869,000. (Table 2-43) OTHER HIGHLIGHTS: • During the fourth quarter of 2004, expanding establishments added 6.4 million jobs. Opening establishments added another 1.7 million. Gross job losses totaled 7.2 million, the lowest amount since the third quarter of 1995. Contracting establishments accounted for 5.7 million of the decline, while closing establishments lost 1.5 million jobs. (Table 2-43) • Gross job gains represented 7.4 percent of private sector employment from September to December 2004, the highest percentage since the second quarter of 2002. Meanwhile, gross job losses were at 6.7 percent of private sector employment, down from 7.0 percent the previous quarter. The gross job gain and loss statistics demonstrate that a sizable number of jobs appear and disappear within the short time frame of one quarter. (Table 2-44)
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HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
NOTES AND DEFINITIONS BUSINESS EMPLOYMENT DYNAMICS (BED) The Business Employment Dynamics (BED) data are a product of a federal-state cooperative program known as Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW), or the ES-202 program. The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) compiles the BED data from existing quarterly state unemployment insurance (UI) records. Most employers in the United States are required to file quarterly reports on the employment and wages of workers covered by UI laws and to pay quarterly UI taxes. The quarterly UI reports are sent by the State Workforce Agencies (SWAs) to BLS. These reports form the basis of the BLS establishment universe-sampling frame. In the BED program, the quarterly UI records are linked across quarters to provide a longitudinal history for each establishment. The linkage process allows the tracking of net employment changes at the establishment level, which in turn allows estimations of jobs gained at opening and expanding establishments and of jobs lost at closing and contracting establishments. The BLS publishes three different establishment-based employment measures for any given quarter. Each of these measures—QCEW, BED, and the Current Employment Statistics (CES) program makes use of the quarterly UI employment reports in producing data. However, each measure has a somewhat different universe coverage, estimation procedure, and publication product. (See notes and tables for QCEW and CES in earlier sections of this part.) Concepts and Methodology The BED data measure the net change in employment at the establishment level. These changes can come about in four different ways. A net increase in employment can come from either opening establishments or expanding establishments. A net decrease in employment can come
from either closing establishments or contracting establishments. Gross job gains include the sum of all jobs added at either opening or expanding establishments. Gross job losses include the sum of all jobs lost in either closing or contracting establishments. The net change in employment is the difference between gross job gains and gross job losses. Openings. These are either establishments with positive third-month employment for the first time in the current quarter, with no links to the prior quarter, or with positive third-month employment in the current quarter, following zero employment in the previous quarter. Expansions. These are establishments with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net increase in employment over this period. Closings. These are establishments with positive thirdmonth employment in the previous quarter, with no employment or zero employment reported in the current quarter. Contractions. These are establishments with positive employment in the third month in both the previous and current quarters, with a net decrease in employment over this period. Sources of Additional Information An extensive article appears in the Monthly Labor Review, April 2004, and BLS news release 05-1562 contains more information.
EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
241
Table 2-43. Private Sector Gross Job Gains and Job Losses, Seasonally Adjusted, September 1992– December 2004 (In thousands.) Gross job gains Year
3 months ended
Net change1
Expanding establishments
Total
Gross job losses Opening establishments
Contracting establishments
Total
Closing establishments
1992 ........................................
September December
455 216
7 377 7 101
5 632 5 465
1 745 1 636
6 922 6 885
5 351 5 487
1 571 1 398
1993 ........................................
March June September December
313 786 874 641
7 309 7 330 7 523 7 436
5 410 5 794 5 881 5 840
1 899 1 536 1 642 1 596
6 996 6 544 6 649 6 795
5 354 5 136 5 316 5 420
1 642 1 408 1 333 1 375
1994 ........................................
March June September December
517 1 021 1 175 507
7 400 7 807 7 972 7 630
5 807 6 060 6 227 5 998
1 593 1 747 1 745 1 632
6 883 6 786 6 797 7 123
5 435 5 295 5 493 5 647
1 448 1 491 1 304 1 476
1995 ........................................
March June September December
746 402 771 407
7 782 7 714 7 970 7 877
6 129 6 017 6 291 6 153
1 653 1 697 1 679 1 724
7 036 7 312 7 199 7 470
5 660 5 839 5 680 5 934
1 376 1 473 1 519 1 536
1996 ........................................
March June September December
460 642 632 861
7 943 8 080 8 189 8 278
6 190 6 302 6 326 6 409
1 753 1 778 1 863 1 869
7 483 7 438 7 557 7 417
5 957 5 894 5 998 5 889
1 526 1 544 1 559 1 528
1997 ........................................
March June September December
799 594 854 702
8 292 8 098 8 593 8 731
6 448 6 342 6 680 6 727
1 844 1 756 1 913 2 004
7 493 7 504 7 739 8 029
5 900 5 925 5 981 6 068
1 593 1 579 1 758 1 961
1998 ........................................
March June September December
747 666 659 759
8 788 8 722 8 539 8 576
6 633 6 569 6 574 6 778
2 155 2 153 1 965 1 798
8 041 8 056 7 880 7 817
6 107 6 218 6 161 6 060
1 934 1 838 1 719 1 757
1999 ........................................
March June September December
380 569 548 1 105
8 744 8 800 8 817 9 144
6 733 6 788 6 871 7 112
2 011 2 012 1 946 2 032
8 364 8 231 8 269 8 039
6 466 6 419 6 397 6 264
1 898 1 812 1 872 1 775
2000 ........................................
March June September December
818 541 146 336
8 906 8 764 8 724 8 690
6 988 6 975 6 834 6 862
1 918 1 789 1 890 1 828
8 088 8 223 8 578 8 354
6 361 6 509 6 719 6 582
1 727 1 714 1 859 1 772
2001 ........................................
March June September December
-101 -771 -1 380 -871
8 555 8 254 7 749 7 893
6 768 6 439 5 990 6 055
1 787 1 815 1 759 1 838
8 656 9 025 9 129 8 764
6 756 7 149 7 174 6 995
1 900 1 876 1 955 1 769
2002 ........................................
March June September December
-1 -80 -211 -175
8 128 8 050 7 763 7 702
6 324 6 246 6 083 6 059
1 804 1 804 1 680 1 643
8 129 8 130 7 974 7 877
6 400 6 411 6 345 6 267
1 729 1 719 1 629 1 610
2003 ........................................
March June September December
-404 -142 72 344
7 472 7 560 7 396 7 646
5 932 6 033 5 897 6 063
1 540 1 527 1 499 1 583
7 876 7 702 7 324 7 302
6 321 6 138 5 893 5 816
1 555 1 564 1 431 1 486
2004 ........................................
March June September December
435 594 191 869
7 745 7 857 7 789 8 081
6 231 6 292 6 123 6 365
1 514 1 565 1 666 1 716
7 310 7 263 7 598 7 212
5 871 5 726 5 953 5 727
1 439 1 537 1 645 1 485
1Net
change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses.
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HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 2-44. Private Sector Gross Job Gains and Job Losses, as a Percent of Employment 1, Seasonally Adjusted, September 1992–December 2004 (Percent.) Gross job gains Year
3 months ended
Net change 2
Expanding establishments
Total
Gross job losses Opening establishments
Expanding establishments
Total
Closing establishments
1992 ........................................
September December
0.5 0.2
8.3 7.9
6.3 6.1
2.0 1.8
7.8 7.7
6.0 6.1
1.8 1.6
1993 ........................................
March June September December
0.3 0.8 0.9 0.6
8.1 8.1 8.2 8.0
6.0 6.4 6.4 6.3
2.1 1.7 1.8 1.7
7.8 7.3 7.3 7.4
6.0 5.7 5.8 5.9
1.8 1.6 1.5 1.5
1994 ........................................
March June September December
0.5 1.1 1.2 0.6
8.0 8.4 8.4 8.0
6.3 6.5 6.6 6.3
1.7 1.9 1.8 1.7
7.5 7.3 7.2 7.4
5.9 5.7 5.8 5.9
1.6 1.6 1.4 1.5
1995 ........................................
March June September December
0.8 0.5 0.8 0.4
8.1 8.0 8.2 8.1
6.4 6.2 6.5 6.3
1.7 1.8 1.7 1.8
7.3 7.5 7.4 7.7
5.9 6.0 5.8 6.1
1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6
1996 ........................................
March June September December
0.4 0.6 0.7 0.9
8.1 8.2 8.3 8.3
6.3 6.4 6.4 6.4
1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9
7.7 7.6 7.6 7.4
6.1 6.0 6.0 5.9
1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5
1997 ........................................
March June September December
0.7 0.5 0.8 0.6
8.2 7.9 8.4 8.4
6.4 6.2 6.5 6.5
1.8 1.7 1.9 1.9
7.5 7.4 7.6 7.8
5.9 5.8 5.9 5.9
1.6 1.6 1.7 1.9
1998 ........................................
March June September December
0.7 0.6 0.7 0.7
8.5 8.4 8.2 8.1
6.4 6.3 6.3 6.4
2.1 2.1 1.9 1.7
7.8 7.8 7.5 7.4
5.9 6.0 5.9 5.7
1.9 1.8 1.6 1.7
1999 ........................................
March June September December
0.3 0.6 0.5 1.1
8.2 8.3 8.2 8.5
6.3 6.4 6.4 6.6
1.9 1.9 1.8 1.9
7.9 7.7 7.7 7.4
6.1 6.0 6.0 5.8
1.8 1.7 1.7 1.6
2000 ........................................
March June September December
0.8 0.4 0.1 0.3
8.2 7.9 7.9 7.9
6.4 6.3 6.2 6.2
1.8 1.6 1.7 1.7
7.4 7.5 7.8 7.6
5.8 5.9 6.1 6.0
1.6 1.6 1.7 1.6
2001 ........................................
March June September December
-0.1 -0.8 -1.3 -0.8
7.7 7.4 7.1 7.3
6.1 5.8 5.5 5.6
1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7
7.8 8.2 8.4 8.1
6.1 6.5 6.6 6.5
1.7 1.7 1.8 1.6
2002 ........................................
March June September December
0.1 -0.1 -0.1 -0.2
7.6 7.5 7.3 7.1
5.9 5.8 5.7 5.6
1.7 1.7 1.6 1.5
7.5 7.6 7.4 7.3
5.9 6.0 5.9 5.8
1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5
2003 ........................................
March June September December
-0.5 -0.2 0.1 0.4
6.9 7.0 6.9 7.2
5.5 5.6 5.5 5.7
1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5
7.4 7.2 6.8 6.8
5.9 5.7 5.5 5.4
1.5 1.5 1.3 1.4
2004 ........................................
March June September December
0.4 0.5 0.2 0.7
7.2 7.2 7.2 7.4
5.8 5.8 5.7 5.8
1.4 1.4 1.5 1.6
6.8 6.7 7.0 6.7
5.5 5.3 5.5 5.3
1.3 1.4 1.5 1.4
1The rates measure gross job gains and job losses as a percentage of the average of the 2Net change is the difference between total gross job gains and total gross job losses.
previous and current employment.
EMPLOYMENT, HOURS, AND EARNINGS
243
Table 2-45. Three–Month Private Sector Job Gains and Losses by Industry, Seasonally Adjusted, 2003–2004 (Numbers in thousands.) Gross job gains (3 months ended) Year
December 2003
March 2004
June 2004
September 2004
Gross job losses (3 months ended) December 2004
December 2003
March 2004
June 2004
September 2004
December 2004
TOTAL PRIVATE1 .............................................
7 646
7 745
7 857
7 789
8 081
7 302
7 310
7 263
7 598
7 212
Goods-Producing ............................................. Natural resources and mining ............................ Construction ....................................................... Manufacturing ....................................................
1 665 286 793 586
1 764 314 837 613
1 696 283 809 604
1 667 271 799 597
1 734 296 848 590
1 697 285 761 651
1 670 282 759 629
1 647 282 779 586
1 691 290 789 612
1 637 275 747 615
Service-Providing1 ........................................... Wholesale trade ................................................. Retail trade ......................................................... Transportation and warehousing ........................ Utilities ................................................................
5 981 317 1 061 227 14
5 981 319 1 059 244 15
6 161 325 1 058 241 13
6 122 329 1 044 244 14
6 347 329 1 090 255 11
5 605 320 1 016 237 16
5 640 314 1 011 228 16
5 616 302 974 236 14
5 907 327 1 126 235 16
5 575 294 992 217 15
Information ......................................................... Financial activities .............................................. Professional and business services ................... Education and health services .......................... Leisure and hospitality .......................................
172 436 1 438 744 1 161
156 442 1 411 751 1 138
151 461 1 509 753 1 164
163 469 1 416 757 1 169
188 497 1 512 802 1 204
166 462 1 302 659 1 097
169 433 1 378 672 1 091
182 457 1 321 696 1 090
194 452 1 366 704 1 135
169 451 1 300 647 1 134
Other services ....................................................
288
307
301
297
299
293
291
304
308
310
1Includes
unclassified sector, not shown separately.
PART THREE OCCUPATIONAL EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES
OCCUPATIONAL EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES HIGHLIGHTS This part presents employment and wages for over 400 occupations from the Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) program.
Percent or mean hourly wage
Percentage of Total Employment and Mean Hourly Wages of Selected Major Occupational Groups, May 2004 50.0 40.0 30.0
20.0 10.0 0.0 Computer and mathematical occupations
Management
Education, training, and library occupations
Production
Sales and related occupations
Office and administrative support occupations
Major occupational group Percent of total employment
Mean hourly wages in dollars
As expected, higher-paying occupations constituted a smaller proportion of total employment than lower paid occupations. In May 2004, 4.8 percent of those employed were in management and earned $41.12 per hour. Comparatively, 17.7 percent of workers were employed in office and administrative support occupations; however, their mean hourly wage was only $13.95 an hour. (Table 3-1) OTHER HIGHLIGHTS: • Among the 22 major occupational groups, only life, physical, and social science occupations saw a 5 percent or more increase in annual pay from May 2003 to May 2004. In contrast, wages only increased 0.5 percent in farming, fishing, and forestry. (Table 3-1) • Management and legal occupations continued to have the highest mean annual wages in 2004, followed by computer and mathematical occupations, architecture and engineering occupations, and health care practitioner and technical occupations. The food preparation and serving related field had the lowest mean annual wages. In fact, five of the six lowest-paying jobs were in food preparation and serving. (Tables 3-1 and 3-3) • In May 2004, at least 45 percent of workers in personal care and service occupations; in farming, fishing, and forestry occupations; and in food preparation and serving related occupations earned less than $8.50 an hour. (Table 3-2) • While the mean hourly wage of heath care support workers ranked only 18th out of the 22 groups, 13 of the 15 highest paying jobs were in the health care and technical occupational group. Of the individual occupations, surgeons had the highest mean annual wage in May 2004, earning $181,610. (Tables 3-1 and 3-3) • The gap between the wages of the highest and the lowest paid major occupations continued to increase. From 2003 to 2004, it grew from 479 percent to 488 percent. (Table 3-1)
247
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HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
NOTES AND DEFINITIONS Collection and Coverage The Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) survey is a federal-state cooperative program between the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) and the State Workforce Agencies (SWAs). The OES survey provides estimates of employment and hourly and annual wages for wage and salary workers in 22 major occupational groups and 801 detailed occupations. BLS funds the survey and provides procedural and technical support, while the SWAs collect the data.
The OES survey form sent to an establishment contains between 50 and 225 SOC occupations selected on the basis of the industry classification and size class of the sampled establishments. To reduce paperwork and respondent burden, no survey form contains every SOC occupation. Data for specific occupations are collected primarily from establishments within industries that are the predominant employers of labor in these occupations. However, each survey form is structured to allow a respondent to provide information for each detailed occupation employed at the establishment; unlisted occupations can be added to the survey form.
Scope of the Survey In 1999, the OES survey began using the Standard Occupational Classification System (SOC). The SOC system is the first Office of Management and Budget (OMB)required occupational classification system for federal agencies. The OES survey categorizes workers as being in one of about 770 detailed occupations. Together, these detailed occupations comprise 22 major occupational groups. Prior to 2002, the OES survey was an annual mail survey measuring occupational employment and occupational wage rates for wage and salary workers in nonfarm establishments by industry. The survey sampled and contacted approximately 400,000 establishments in the fourth quarter of each year. Over the course of a 3-year cycle, approximately 1.2 million establishments were sampled. Beginning in November 2002, the OES survey converted to a semi-annual survey to sample approximately 200,000 establishments per panel. The reference periods are the second and fourth quarter of each year. For the May 2004 survey, data collected in May 2004 were combined with data collected in November 2003, May 2003, November 2002, November 2001, and a subset of units sampled in 2000 to yield a sample of approximately 1.2 million establishments. Concepts and Definitions Employment is the estimate of total wage and salary employment in an occupation across the industries in which it was reported. The OES survey defines employment as the number of workers who can be classified as full-time or part-time employees, including workers on paid vacations or other types of leave; workers on unpaid short-term absences; salaried officers, executives, and staff members of incorporated firms; employees temporarily assigned to other units; and employees for whom the reporting unit is their permanent duty station regardless of whether that unit prepares their paycheck.
Wages for the OES survey are straight-time, gross pay, and exclusive of premium pay. Base rate, cost-of-living allowances, guaranteed pay, hazardous-duty pay, incentive pay including commissions and production bonuses, tips, and on-call pay are included. Excluded are back pay, jury duty pay, overtime pay, severance pay, shift differentials, nonproduction bonuses, employer cost of supplementary benefits, and tuition reimbursements. Mean wage is the estimated total wages for an occupation divided by its weighted survey employment. With the exception of the upper open-ended wage interval (interval L= $70.00 an hour and over in 2000), a mean wage value is calculated for each wage interval based on occupational wage data collected by the BLS Office of Compensation and Working Conditions. The mean wage value for the upper open-ended wage interval is its lower bound (Winsorized mean). These interval mean wage values are then attributed to all workers reported in the interval. For each occupation, total weighted wages in each interval are summed across all intervals and divided by the occupation’s weighted survey employment. The median wage is the wage at the midpoint of the distribution of wages. An establishment is defined as an economic unit that processes goods or provides services, such as a factory, store, or mine. The establishment is generally at a single physical location and is primarily engaged in one type of economic activity. The OES survey currently uses the North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS) to classify all establishments. Additional Information For additional data, including area data, see BLS news release UDL 05-877 and special reports on the BLS Web site.
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OCCUPATIONAL EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES
Table 3-1. Employment and Wages by Major Occupational Group, May 2003–May 2004 (Number, percent, dollars.) May 2003 Occupational group
Employment 1 Number
Percent
May 2004
Mean hourly wage
Mean annual wage 2
Employment 1 Number
Percent
Mean hourly wage
Mean annual wage 2
All Occupations ..............................................................................
127 567 910
100.0
17.41
36 210
128 127 360
100.0
17.80
37 020
Management ..................................................................................... Business and financial operations .................................................... Computer and mathematical ............................................................ Architecture and engineering ........................................................... Life, physical, and social science .....................................................
6 653 480 4 924 210 2 827 010 2 376 650 1 113 130
5.2 3.9 2.2 1.9 0.9
39.80 26.71 30.40 28.48 25.58
82 790 55 550 63 240 59 230 53 210
6 200 940 5 131 840 2 915 300 2 372 770 1 131 390
4.8 4.0 2.3 1.9 0.9
41.12 27.10 31.50 29.69 26.89
85 530 56 380 65 510 61 750 55 920
Community and social services ........................................................ Legal ................................................................................................. Education, training, and library ......................................................... Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media ................................ Health care practitioner and technical ..............................................
1 615 610 951 510 7 831 630 1 538 150 6 173 760
1.3 0.7 6.1 1.2 4.8
17.03 37.94 19.55 20.49 26.62
35 420 78 910 40 660 42 620 55 380
1 673 740 958 520 7 891 810 1 595 710 6 359 380
1.3 0.7 6.2 1.2 5.0
17.52 38.42 20.23 21.01 27.55
36 440 79 910 42 080 43 710 57 310
Health care support .......................................................................... Protective service ............................................................................. Food preparation and serving related ............................................... Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance ............................. Personal care and service ................................................................
3 208 770 2 999 630 10 216 620 4 260 380 2 988 590
2.5 2.4 8.0 3.3 2.3
10.94 16.39 8.31 10.12 10.28
22 750 34 090 17 290 21 060 21 380
3 271 350 3 006 100 10 507 390 4 300 440 3 099 550
2.6 2.3 8.2 3.4 2.4
11.17 16.75 8.43 10.33 10.48
23 220 34 840 17 530 21 490 21 800
Sales and related .............................................................................. Office and administrative support ..................................................... Farming, fishing, and forestry ........................................................... Construction and extraction .............................................................. Installation, maintenance, and repair ................................................
13 534 180 22 678 010 461 630 6 085 510 5 226 080
10.6 17.8 0.4 4.8 4.1
15.02 13.59 9.71 17.62 17.41
31 250 28 260 20 200 36 650 36 210
13 507 840 22 649 080 458 850 6 170 410 5 215 390
10.5 17.7 0.4 4.8 4.1
15.49 13.95 9.76 18.04 17.89
32 210 29 020 20 310 37 520 37 220
Production ........................................................................................ Transportation and material moving .................................................
10 488 450 9 414 920
8.2 7.4
13.80 13.27
28 710 27 600
10 128 200 9 581 320
7.9 7.5
14.08 13.41
29 280 27 880
1Estimates for detailed occupations do not sum to the totals because the totals include occupations not shown separately. Estimates do not include self-employed workers. 2Annual wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a "year-round, full-time" hours figure of 2,080 hours; for those occupations where there is not an
mean wage published, the annual wage has been directly calculated from the reported survey data.
hourly
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HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 3-2. Distribution of Employment by Wage Range and Occupational Group, May 2003–May 2004 (Percent distribution.) Wage range (May 2003) Occupational group
Total
Under $8.50
$8.50 to $10.74
$10.75 to $13.49
$13.50 to $16.99
$17.00 to $21.49
$21.50 to $27.24
$27.25 to $34.49
$34.50 to $43.74
$43.75 and over
Management ...................................................................... Business and financial operations ..................................... Computer and mathematical science ................................ Architecture and engineering ............................................ Life, physical, and social science .......................................
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
1.3 1.7 0.9 0.6 2.2
1.3 2.1 1.5 1.9 4.3
3.0 5.7 3.4 4.4 8.5
5.9 12.5 7.3 8.7 13.7
9.6 19.1 12.9 14.8 17.4
13.7 21.4 18.8 20.9 18.4
16.0 17.5 21.7 21.0 15.3
16.6 10.9 19.5 17.0 10.8
32.4 9.1 14.0 10.7 9.2
Community and social services ......................................... Legal .................................................................................. Education, training, and library .......................................... Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media ................. Health care practitioner and technical ...............................
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
7.2 1.5 11.9 13.3 2.8
11.3 2.5 8.7 10.1 5.1
18.5 5.9 10.0 12.2 8.3
21.5 10.7 15.0 14.9 13.2
18.5 14.0 18.7 15.2 20.0
13.3 13.3 16.8 13.5 20.7
6.8 11.4 10.8 9.3 13.0
2.2 10.7 5.0 5.7 6.9
0.8 30.1 3.1 5.8 10.0
Health care support ........................................................... Protective service .............................................................. Food preparation and serving related ................................ Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance .............. Personal care and service .................................................
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
25.5 17.1 67.4 42.8 50.3
31.2 14.5 17.4 24.6 21.4
23.2 15.0 8.6 16.0 11.5
13.4 14.5 4.0 9.5 7.1
5.1 13.8 1.8 5.0 4.7
1.2 13.2 0.6 1.6 2.6
0.3 7.8 0.2 0.4 1.2
0.1 3.2 0.1 0.1 0.6
... 0.9 ... ... 0.6
Sales and related ............................................................... Office and administrative support ...................................... Farming, fishing, and forestry ............................................ Construction and extraction ............................................... Installation, maintenance, and repair .................................
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
36.9 15.2 56.8 7.3 7.5
16.6 19.8 17.3 12.2 10.6
11.3 22.6 11.2 16.6 15.3
9.4 19.5 7.2 18.8 19.4
8.1 14.4 4.4 17.6 20.7
6.3 5.7 2.0 14.4 16.6
4.4 1.9 0.7 9.0 7.3
3.0 0.6 0.3 3.2 2.0
4.0 0.3 0.1 0.8 0.5
Production .......................................................................... Transportation and material moving ..................................
100.0 100.0
18.0 26.3
19.9 19.3
20.3 18.0
17.4 15.0
12.2 11.3
8.1 6.2
3.1 2.2
0.8 0.7
0.2 1.0
Wage range (May 2004) Occupational group
Total
Under $8.50
$8.50 to $10.74
$10.75 to $13.49
$13.50 to $16.99
$17.00 to $ 21.49
$21.50 to $27.24
$27.25 to $34.49
$34.50 to $43.74
$43.75 and over
Management ...................................................................... Business and financial operations ..................................... Computer and mathematical science ................................ Architecture and engineering ............................................ Life, physical, and social science .......................................
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
1.3 1.6 0.6 0.5 1.6
1.0 2.0 1.2 1.5 3.5
2.4 5.2 3.1 3.9 7.5
5.0 11.8 6.6 7.8 12.5
8.6 18.9 12.0 13.7 17.1
13.2 21.6 17.8 20.3 18.5
15.9 17.8 21.8 21.1 16.1
17.4 11.6 20.5 18.2 12.0
35.2 9.5 16.4 13.1 11.3
Community and social services ......................................... Legal .................................................................................. Education, training, and library .......................................... Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media ................. Health care practitioner and technical ...............................
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
6.4 1.1 10.6 12.1 2.1
10.4 2.1 8.6 9.8 4.6
17.4 5.1 9.7 11.8 7.7
21.2 10.3 14.4 14.8 11.9
19.3 14.1 18.8 15.8 18.7
14.2 13.8 17.0 13.8 21.1
7.5 11.1 11.7 9.6 14.6
2.7 11.0 5.4 6.1 8.1
0.8 31.3 3.7 6.2 11.1
Health care support ........................................................... Protective service .............................................................. Food preparation and serving related ................................ Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance .............. Personal care and service .................................................
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
23.2 15.6 65.6 40.4 47.5
31.1 14.9 18.1 25.2 22.8
24.2 14.6 9.2 16.7 12.2
14.0 14.9 4.3 9.9 7.5
5.5 13.7 1.9 5.4 4.8
1.5 13.1 0.6 1.8 2.7
0.4 8.3 0.2 0.5 1.3
0.1 3.6 0.1 0.1 0.7
... 1.2 ... ... 0.6
Sales and related ............................................................... Office and administrative support ...................................... Farming, fishing, and forestry ............................................ Construction and extraction ............................................... Installation, maintenance, and repair .................................
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
34.5 13.7 56.3 6.3 6.5
17.1 18.9 18.0 11.7 10.0
11.6 22.7 11.0 16.5 14.6
9.6 20.1 7.1 18.8 19.4
8.3 14.6 4.3 17.9 21.3
6.6 7.0 2.1 14.8 17.2
4.6 2.1 0.8 9.5 8.1
3.2 0.7 0.3 3.6 2.3
4.5 0.3 0.1 1.0 0.7
Production .......................................................................... Transportation and material moving ..................................
100.0 100.0
16.5 25.2
19.3 19.3
20.3 18.1
18.2 15.4
12.8 11.6
8.5 6.3
3.1 2.2
0.9 0.8
0.2 1.0
. . . = Not available.
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OCCUPATIONAL EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES
Table 3-3. Employment and Wages by Occupation, May 2003–May 2004 (Number of persons, dollars.) May 2003 Occupational division and occupation
Employment
Median hourly wages
May 2004
Mean hourly wages
Mean annual wages1
Employment
Median hourly wages
Mean hourly wages
Mean annual wages1
Management Occupations Chief executives .................................................................................................................. General and operations managers ..................................................................................... Legislators ........................................................................................................................... Advertising and promotions managers ............................................................................... Marketing managers ...........................................................................................................
389 880 1 892 060 65 280 71 100 182 600
64.78 35.00 7.90 29.01 40.01
67.58 42.64 15.14 35.18 44.32
140 580 88 700 31 490 73 170 92 190
346 590 1 752 910 63 440 57 100 177 550
67.47 37.22 (2)
(2)
30.58 42.13
36.76 46.48
139 920 92 010 30 750 76 460 96 680
Sales managers .................................................................................................................. Public relations managers ................................................................................................... Administrative services managers ...................................................................................... Computer and information systems managers ................................................................... Financial managers .............................................................................................................
314 180 58 490 278 300 266 020 521 750
38.69 31.16 27.37 43.15 37.16
44.15 35.94 30.67 45.78 41.92
91 840 74 750 63 780 95 230 87 190
320 240 50 670 254 610 267 390 493 360
40.49 33.65 28.99 44.51 39.37
45.68 38.26 31.98 47.24 44.04
95 010 79 580 66 530 98 260 91 610
Compensation and benefits managers ............................................................................... Training and development managers ................................................................................. Human resources managers, all other ................................................................................ Industrial production managers ........................................................................................... Purchasing managers .........................................................................................................
... ... 171 530 166 350 91 060
... ... 33.08 33.90 31.22
... ... 36.15 36.88 34.17
... ... 75 190 76 710 71 080
55 040 35 510 58 770 155 980 73 480
31.99 32.43 39.33 35.09 34.83
35.59 35.45 42.11 38.06 37.51
74 020 73 730 87 580 79 170 78 020
Transportation, storage, and distribution managers ........................................................... Farm, ranch, and other agricultural managers .................................................................... Farmers and ranchers ......................................................................................................... Construction managers ....................................................................................................... Education administrators, preschool and child care center/program ..................................
97 450 5 420 ... 196 110 56 030
30.57 22.83 ... 31.96 16.59
33.50 25.04 ... 35.96 19.37
69 670 52 080 ... 74 790 40 290
88 100 4 810 540 185 580 50 590
32.02 24.38 19.44 33.59 17.18
34.87 26.51 20.78 37.83 19.74
72 530 55 140 43 230 78 690 41 060
Education administrators, elementary and secondary school ............................................. Education administrators, postsecondary ........................................................................... Education administrators, all other ...................................................................................... Engineering managers ........................................................................................................ Food service managers ......................................................................................................
206 310 98 160 ... 194 940 229 960
(2)
(2)
209 630 101 530 22 570 186 380 206 340
(2)
35.60 ... 47.94 20.20
76 210 74 040 ... 99 710 42 010
(2)
32.04 ... 45.42 17.91
32.86 28.96 46.94 19.04
36.44 32.01 49.33 21.13
75 640 75 800 66 580 102 600 43 940
Funeral directors ................................................................................................................. Gaming managers .............................................................................................................. Lodging managers .............................................................................................................. Medical and health services managers ............................................................................... Natural sciences managers ................................................................................................
23 080 3 560 30 760 226 160 41 810
21.48 27.46 17.16 31.04 41.28
25.82 30.91 19.70 34.92 45.19
53 710 64 300 40 980 72 630 93 990
23 140 3 520 30 860 224 070 40 240
22.10 28.17 18.11 32.42 42.63
25.82 31.77 21.18 36.12 46.06
53 710 66 090 44 060 75 140 95 800
Postmasters and mail superintendents ............................................................................... Property, real estate, and community association managers ............................................. Social and community service managers ........................................................................... Managers, all other .............................................................................................................
26 060 156 120 116 020 ...
24.10 18.46 21.85 ...
24.51 22.86 23.77 ...
50 980 47 550 49 440 ...
26 430 159 980 119 280 354 730
24.32 19.22 22.50 37.19
24.43 23.44 24.39 39.28
50 820 48 760 50 740 81 700
Business and Financial Operations Agents and business managers of artists, performers, and athletes .................................. Purchasing agents and buyers, farm products ................................................................... Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products ............................................................ Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm products ........................................ Claims adjusters, examiners, and investigators ..................................................................
12 380 15 550 138 630 237 210 234 190
26.27 20.60 20.28 22.43 21.18
31.81 22.86 23.72 24.07 22.58
66 160 47 550 49 350 50 060 46 960
10 860 14 300 136 930 257 070 234 950
26.48 21.02 20.30 22.92 21.26
33.42 24.03 23.29 24.60 22.74
69 520 49 980 48 450 51 180 47 310
Insurance appraisers, auto damage ................................................................................... Compliance officers, except agriculture, construction, health and safety, and transportation ................................................................................................................ Cost estimators ................................................................................................................... Emergency management specialists .................................................................................. Employment, recruitment, and placement specialists .........................................................
11 450
20.99
21.14
43 960
12 520
21.79
22.01
45 780
154 600 184 620 9 760 164 020
22.49 23.22 21.68 19.60
24.23 25.03 23.41 22.95
50 390 52 050 48 680 47 730
167 650 191 080 10 070 169 750
22.78 24.01 21.82 19.80
24.64 25.90 23.73 22.76
51 260 53 870 49 350 47 330
Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialists ......................................................... Training and development specialists ................................................................................. Human resources, training, and labor relations specialists, all other .................................. Logisticians ......................................................................................................................... Management analysts .........................................................................................................
86 450 199 460 ... ... 423 880
22.53 21.23 ... ... 30.09
23.86 22.83 ... ... 35.19
49 620 47 490 ... ... 73 190
92 940 200 440 158 930 52 470 416 340
22.83 21.43 22.85 27.46 30.51
24.10 22.97 23.67 28.99 34.97
50 130 47 780 49 240 60 310 72 730
Meeting and convention planners ....................................................................................... Business operations specialists, all other ........................................................................... Accountants and auditors ................................................................................................... Appraisers and assessors of real estate ............................................................................. Budget analysts ..................................................................................................................
32 980 ... 924 640 61 070 55 560
18.78 ... 23.59 20.97 26.21
20.47 ... 26.65 23.99 27.56
42 570 ... 55 430 49 900 57 330
34 640 847 170 995 910 62 270 53 300
19.05 25.70 24.41 20.86 26.94
20.43 27.72 27.35 23.73 28.41
42 490 57 660 56 880 49 350 59 100
Credit analysts .................................................................................................................... Financial analysts ............................................................................................................... Personal financial advisors ................................................................................................. Insurance underwriters ....................................................................................................... Financial examiners ............................................................................................................
68 910 165 420 85 670 96 890 22 720
21.65 28.87 28.22 22.75 28.36
25.25 33.67 38.12 25.56 30.66
52 530 70 040 79 290 53 170 63 770
67 100 177 780 94 490 96 110 23 400
22.72 29.76 30.14 23.34 29.00
26.57 33.89 39.70 26.08 31.47
55 280 70 500 82 570 54 240 65 450
1Annual
67.27 44.24
wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a "year-round, full-time" hours figure of 2,080 hours; for those occupations where there is not an hourly mean wage published, the annual wage has been directly calculated from the reported survey data. wage rates for occupations where workers typically work fewer than 2,080 hours per year are not available. . . . = Not available. 2Hourly
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Table 3-3. Employment and Wages by Occupation, May 2003–May 2004—Continued (Number of persons, dollars.) May 2003 Occupational division and occupation
Employment
Median hourly wages
May 2004
Mean hourly wages
Mean annual wages1
Employment
Median hourly wages
Mean hourly wages
Mean annual wages1
Loan counselors .................................................................................................................. Loan officers ....................................................................................................................... Tax examiners, collectors, and revenue agents ................................................................. Tax preparers ...................................................................................................................... Financial specialists, all other .............................................................................................
30 810 237 150 71 060 50 410 ...
16.09 22.43 20.57 12.76 ...
18.12 26.73 22.62 15.69 ...
37 700 55 590 47 060 32 630 ...
31 160 278 830 71 610 51 950 119 840
16.33 23.48 20.91 13.33 23.82
18.61 27.98 23.18 16.50 26.64
38 710 58 200 48 210 34 330 55 420
Computer and Mathematical Science Occupations Computer and information scientists, research ................................................................... Computer programmers ...................................................................................................... Computer software engineers, applications ........................................................................ Computer software engineers, systems software ............................................................... Computer support specialists ..............................................................................................
23 210 431 640 392 140 285 760 482 990
39.23 29.49 34.87 36.65 18.96
40.64 31.01 36.42 37.69 20.50
84 530 64 510 75 750 78 400 42 640
24 720 412 090 425 890 318 020 488 540
40.96 30.24 36.05 38.34 19.44
42.32 31.69 37.18 39.50 20.97
88 020 65 910 77 330 82 160 43 620
Computer systems analysts ................................................................................................ Database administrators ..................................................................................................... Network and computer systems administrators .................................................................. Network systems and data communications analysts ........................................................ Computer specialists, all other ............................................................................................
474 780 100 890 237 980 148 030 ...
30.85 27.98 26.95 28.42 ...
31.82 29.54 28.43 29.84 ...
66 180 61 440 59 140 62 060 ...
489 130 96 960 259 320 169 200 130 420
31.95 29.16 27.98 29.14 28.60
32.87 30.51 29.55 30.49 30.31
68 370 63 460 61 470 63 410 63 030
Actuaries ............................................................................................................................. Mathematicians ................................................................................................................... Operations research analysts ............................................................................................. Statisticians ......................................................................................................................... Mathematical technicians .................................................................................................... Mathematical scientists, all other ........................................................................................
14 680 2 470 58 080 18 370 2 180 ...
34.86 37.64 28.03 28.64 ... ...
41.22 37.00 29.66 29.79 19.87 ...
85 730 76 960 61 700 61 970 41 320 ...
16 350 2 410 55 030 17 030 1 720 8 500
36.70 39.06 28.94 28.18 18.49 29.98
42.05 39.18 30.49 30.42 20.99 29.67
87 460 81 500 63 420 63 260 43 650 61 710
Architecture and Engineering Occupations Architects, except landscape and naval .............................................................................. Landscape architects .......................................................................................................... Cartographers and photogrammetrists ............................................................................... Surveyors ............................................................................................................................
91 010 18 910 8 940 51 490
27.86 24.27 21.24 19.64
31.18 26.39 22.37 21.06
64 850 54 900 46 520 43 810
94 280 17 960 9 870 52 680
28.99 25.54 22.15 20.66
31.84 27.73 23.48 22.15
66 230 57 680 48 830 46 080
Aerospace engineers .......................................................................................................... Agricultural engineers ......................................................................................................... Biomedical engineers .......................................................................................................... Chemical engineers ............................................................................................................ Civil engineers ....................................................................................................................
70 740 2 270 6 980 32 490 206 350
35.83 24.51 30.61 35.46 29.73
36.54 27.11 32.20 36.66 31.07
76 000 56 380 66 980 76 250 64 620
73 650 3 220 8 650 30 320 218 220
38.03 27.17 32.54 36.91 30.88
38.68 29.04 34.04 38.49 32.18
80 460 60 400 70 800 80 050 66 930
Computer hardware engineers ........................................................................................... Electrical engineers ............................................................................................................. Electronics engineers, except computer ............................................................................. Environmental engineers .................................................................................................... Health and safety engineers, except mining safety engineers and inspectors ...................
72 550 146 150 137 320 45 480 29 920
36.53 33.48 34.31 30.19 28.68
38.15 34.66 35.16 31.16 30.01
79 350 72 090 73 140 64 820 62 420
74 760 148 310 135 560 47 690 25 860
39.02 34.43 36.43 31.96 30.64
40.39 35.68 37.24 32.86 31.78
84 010 74 220 77 450 68 350 66 110
Industrial engineers ............................................................................................................. Marine engineers and naval architects ............................................................................... Materials engineers ............................................................................................................. Mechanical engineers ......................................................................................................... Mining and geological engineers, including mining safety engineers .................................
156 780 4 960 23 120 207 810 4 730
30.23 33.89 30.25 30.72 30.06
30.91 34.52 31.19 31.75 31.78
64 290 71 800 64 870 66 040 66 090
174 960 6 620 21 130 217 010 5 050
31.26 34.63 32.26 31.88 31.10
32.05 35.44 33.36 32.91 32.77
66 660 73 720 69 390 68 460 68 160
Nuclear engineers ............................................................................................................... Petroleum engineers ........................................................................................................... Engineers, all other ............................................................................................................. Architectural and civil drafters ............................................................................................. Electrical and electronics drafters .......................................................................................
16 010 11 630 ... 97 800 33 720
40.18 40.34 ... 18.12 20.06
41.12 41.86 ... 18.84 21.56
85 520 87 070 ... 39 190 44 840
17 180 14 690 159 720 101 060 34 850
40.81 42.55 35.78 18.84 20.76
42.67 44.15 36.32 19.59 22.48
88 760 91 820 75 540 40 750 46 760
Mechanical drafters ............................................................................................................. Drafters, all other ................................................................................................................ Aerospace engineering and operations technicians ........................................................... Civil engineering technicians .............................................................................................. Electrical and electronic engineering technicians ...............................................................
74 010 ... 13 900 90 060 177 940
19.96 ... 25.33 18.30 20.98
20.88 ... 25.91 18.89 21.70
43 430 ... 53 890 39 290 45 150
76 610 22 620 9 260 90 000 178 560
20.67 20.13 25.24 18.50 22.26
21.70 21.91 25.98 19.18 22.66
45 140 45 560 54 040 39 900 47 130
Electro-mechanical technicians .......................................................................................... Environmental engineering technicians .............................................................................. Industrial engineering technicians ....................................................................................... Mechanical engineering technicians ................................................................................... Engineering technicians, except drafters, all other ............................................................. Surveying and mapping technicians ...................................................................................
25 820 17 630 64 260 50 510 ... 57 740
18.88 17.88 20.13 20.14 ... 14.19
19.68 19.01 21.68 20.84 ... 15.39
40 930 39 530 45 090 43 340 ... 32 000
18 770 19 840 68 210 46 990 88 100 60 530
19.92 18.53 20.96 20.87 23.77 14.60
20.74 19.55 22.64 21.66 23.86 15.76
43 130 40 660 47 080 45 050 49 630 32 780
1Annual
wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a "year-round, full-time" hours figure of 2,080 hours; for those occupations where there is not an hourly mean wage published, the annual wage has been directly calculated from the reported survey data. . . . = Not available.
253
OCCUPATIONAL EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES
Table 3-3. Employment and Wages by Occupation, May 2003–May 2004—Continued (Number of persons, dollars.) May 2003 Occupational division and occupation
Employment
Median hourly wages
May 2004
Mean hourly wages
Mean annual wages1
Employment
Median hourly wages
Mean hourly wages
Mean annual wages1
Life, Physical, and Social Science Occupations Animal scientists ................................................................................................................. Food scientists and technologists ....................................................................................... Soil and plant scientists ...................................................................................................... Biochemists and biophysicists ............................................................................................ Microbiologists ....................................................................................................................
... ... ... 14 430 14 110
... ... ... 29.95 25.21
... ... ... 32.27 27.49
... ... ... 67 120 57 190
1 540 7 210 9 690 15 200 13 880
24.00 24.44 24.62 33.15 26.37
25.87 26.98 26.67 34.48 29.45
53 800 56 110 55 470 71 730 61 250
Zoologists and wildlife biologists ......................................................................................... Biological scientists, all other .............................................................................................. Conservation scientists ....................................................................................................... Foresters ............................................................................................................................. Epidemiologists ...................................................................................................................
12 880 ... 13 780 9 840 3 770
23.72 ... 24.63 22.75 26.22
24.57 ... 25.08 23.44 28.30
51 100 ... 52 160 48 760 58 860
15 050 26 180 14 290 10 250 4 560
24.20 27.05 25.23 23.19 26.35
25.54 29.03 25.72 23.91 27.91
53 120 60 370 53 500 49 730 58 060
Medical scientists, except epidemiologists ......................................................................... Life scientists, all other ........................................................................................................ Astronomers ........................................................................................................................ Physicists ............................................................................................................................ Atmospheric and space scientists .......................................................................................
60 830 ... 770 12 390 6 490
28.47 ... 42.45 41.17 31.57
32.38 ... 40.90 42.48 31.65
67 360 ... 85 070 88 350 65 830
66 450 13 870 680 14 150 7 070
29.48 26.65 46.79 42.04 33.70
33.04 30.63 44.99 42.83 33.46
68 730 63 710 93 580 89 090 69 590
Chemists ............................................................................................................................. Materials scientists .............................................................................................................. Environmental scientists and specialists, including health .................................................. Geoscientists, except hydrologists and geographers ......................................................... Hydrologists ........................................................................................................................
82 600 7 410 61 660 26 090 7 060
25.79 33.15 23.46 32.91 27.43
28.11 34.09 25.23 37.73 28.60
58 460 70 900 52 490 78 480 59 490
79 650 7 330 66 850 25 100 7 290
26.95 34.80 24.56 33.04 29.57
29.43 35.77 26.53 36.96 30.82
61 220 74 390 55 190 76 870 64 100
Physical scientists, all other ................................................................................................ Economists ......................................................................................................................... Market research analysts .................................................................................................... Survey researchers ............................................................................................................. Clinical, counseling, and school psychologists ...................................................................
... 12 300 142 190 16 850 100 180
... 33.78 26.28 11.83 25.10
... 37.41 29.65 15.76 27.80
... 77 810 61 670 32 770 57 820
25 260 12 030 170 200 19 480 96 540
38.53 34.99 26.99 12.74 26.42
39.21 38.35 30.28 15.39 29.24
81 560 79 770 62 990 32 010 60 810
Industrial-organizational psychologists ............................................................................... Psychologists, all other ....................................................................................................... Sociologists ......................................................................................................................... Urban and regional planners ............................................................................................... Anthropologists and archeologists ......................................................................................
1 330 ... 3 060 30 770 4 550
30.98 ... 26.16 24.73 19.54
34.26 ... 28.16 25.58 21.28
71 260 ... 58 570 53 210 44 270
1 500 6 480 3 640 31 140 4 510
34.33 34.57 27.82 25.70 21.10
37.88 33.53 30.46 26.75 22.86
78 800 69 740 63 350 55 640 47 550
Geographers ....................................................................................................................... Historians ............................................................................................................................ Political scientists ................................................................................................................ Social scientists and related workers, all other ................................................................... Agricultural and food science technicians ...........................................................................
700 2 350 4 840 ... 15 990
27.33 20.14 39.12 ... 13.81
27.26 21.78 38.93 ... 14.87
56 690 45 310 80 980 ... 30 920
750 2 350 4 370 31 990 18 940
28.35 21.39 41.71 28.12 14.29
28.65 23.48 41.24 29.09 15.37
59 600 48 850 85 770 60 500 31 980
Biological technicians .......................................................................................................... Chemical technicians .......................................................................................................... Geological and petroleum technicians ................................................................................ Nuclear technicians ............................................................................................................. Social science research assistants .....................................................................................
49 550 64 020 10 150 6 970 ...
15.69 17.82 19.58 28.47 ...
16.62 18.51 20.21 28.64 ...
34 570 38 500 42 040 59 570 ...
59 710 61 700 10 420 7 210 15 710
15.97 18.35 19.35 28.46 16.52
17.04 19.04 20.85 28.28 17.26
35 450 39 600 43 360 58 830 35 900
Environmental science and protection technicians, including health .................................. Forensic science technicians .............................................................................................. Forest and conservation technicians .................................................................................. Life, physical, and social science technicians, all other ......................................................
27 800 8 830 30 140 ...
16.97 20.18 12.93 ...
17.97 21.43 14.29 ...
37 380 44 580 29 730 ...
29 460 9 230 29 910 72 580
16.99 21.16 13.14 18.19
17.90 22.83 14.79 20.52
37 230 47 490 30 770 42 680
Community and Social Service Occupations Substance abuse and behavioral disorder counselors ....................................................... Educational, vocational, and school counselors ................................................................. Marriage and family therapists ............................................................................................ Mental health counselors .................................................................................................... Rehabilitation counselors ....................................................................................................
65 170 214 360 22 150 83 450 115 690
14.99 21.46 17.71 15.05 12.79
15.95 22.59 19.33 16.48 14.06
33 170 46 990 40 210 34 280 29 240
68 880 220 690 20 710 89 300 115 150
15.45 21.91 18.74 15.85 13.40
16.50 22.88 20.21 17.31 14.76
34 310 47 590 42 040 36 000 30 710
Counselors, all other ........................................................................................................... Child, family, and school social workers ............................................................................. Medical and public health social workers ............................................................................ Mental health and substance abuse social workers ........................................................... Social workers, all other ......................................................................................................
... 256 160 103 270 96 990 ...
... 16.25 18.48 15.88 ...
... 17.64 19.10 16.88 ...
... 36 700 39 730 35 120 ...
21 970 250 790 103 180 108 950 60 120
16.82 16.74 19.27 16.31 18.96
18.21 18.19 19.92 17.34 19.80
37 880 37 830 41 440 36 060 41 180
Health educators ................................................................................................................. Probation officers and correctional treatment specialists .................................................... Social and human service assistants .................................................................................. Community and social service specialists, all other ............................................................ Clergy ..................................................................................................................................
42 780 86 810 300 310 ... 38 170
18.00 18.64 11.47 ... 16.25
19.47 20.00 12.24 ... 17.76
40 490 41 600 25 450 ... 36 950
46 490 89 170 331 860 89 250 35 790
18.50 19.04 11.67 15.64 17.64
20.25 20.53 12.45 16.57 19.23
42 120 42 690 25 890 34 470 40 000
Directors, religious activities and education ........................................................................ Religious workers, all other .................................................................................................
11 840 ...
13.45 ...
15.60 ...
32 460 ...
12 620 8 810
14.76 9.01
16.14 11.41
33 560 23 730
1Annual
wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a "year-round, full-time" hours figure of 2,080 hours; for those occupations where there is not an hourly mean wage published, the annual wage has been directly calculated from the reported survey data. . . . = Not available.
254
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 3-3. Employment and Wages by Occupation, May 2003–May 2004—Continued (Number of persons, dollars.) May 2003 Occupational division and occupation
Employment
Median hourly wages
May 2004
Mean hourly wages
Mean annual wages1
Employment
Median hourly wages
Mean hourly wages
Mean annual wages1
Legal Occupations Lawyers ............................................................................................................................... Administrative law judges, adjudicators, and hearing officers ............................................ Arbitrators, mediators, and conciliators ............................................................................... Judges, magistrate judges, and magistrates ...................................................................... Paralegals and legal assistants ..........................................................................................
516 220 16 850 4 640 24 640 206 700
43.98 31.81 22.77 46.31 18.23
51.83 33.46 26.06 42.09 19.57
107 800 69 590 54 210 87 540 40 710
521 130 14 830 4 940 25 500 210 020
45.64 33.14 26.32 44.75 18.81
52.30 35.44 29.08 42.96 19.95
108 790 73 710 60 480 89 360 41 490
Court reporters .................................................................................................................... Law clerks ........................................................................................................................... Title examiners, abstractors, and searchers ....................................................................... Legal support workers, all other ..........................................................................................
15 370 41 550 47 840 ...
20.31 15.27 16.39 ...
22.26 15.88 18.69 ...
46 310 33 030 38 880 ...
15 520 43 300 53 700 69 590
20.63 16.34 16.77 20.26
22.63 16.92 18.93 21.79
47 070 35 180 39 360 45 330
Education, Training, and Library Occupations Business teachers, postsecondary ..................................................................................... Computer science teachers, postsecondary ....................................................................... Mathematical science teachers, postsecondary ................................................................. Architecture teachers, postsecondary ................................................................................. Engineering teachers, postsecondary .................................................................................
68 260 34 470 41 880 5 270 28 990
(2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
(2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
62 450 56 210 55 510 64 300 74 630
68 340 37 260 43 760 5 700 33 520
(2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
(2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
65 430 58 140 57 240 65 510 77 070
Agricultural sciences teachers, postsecondary ................................................................... Biological science teachers, postsecondary ....................................................................... Forestry and conservation science teachers, postsecondary ............................................. Atmospheric, earth, marine, and space sciences teachers, postsecondary ....................... Chemistry teachers, postsecondary ....................................................................................
11 260 51 780 2 660 8 420 17 100
(2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
(2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
66 780 68 880 66 740 68 370 61 820
10 230 60 260 2 970 8 660 18 720
(2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
(2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
67 520 73 220 67 660 70 300 63 520
Environmental science teachers, postsecondary ................................................................ Physics teachers, postsecondary ....................................................................................... Anthropology and archeology teachers, postsecondary ..................................................... Area, ethnic, and cultural studies teachers, postsecondary ................................................ Economics teachers, postsecondary ..................................................................................
3 620 11 870 4 690 7 490 11 420
(2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
(2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
62 960 67 430 64 320 60 520 70 590
3 860 12 590 4 990 7 670 12 230
(2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
(2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
66 790 69 210 66 060 62 940 73 280
Geography teachers, postsecondary .................................................................................. Political science teachers, postsecondary .......................................................................... Psychology teachers, postsecondary ................................................................................. Sociology teachers, postsecondary .................................................................................... Social sciences teachers, postsecondary, all other ............................................................
3 910 12 320 27 250 13 990 ...
(2) (2) (2) (2)
...
(2) (2) (2) (2) ...
59 200 62 880 59 180 56 830 ...
4 180 13 230 29 400 14 220 6 310
(2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
(2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
61 020 64 950 60 800 59 830 68 460
Health specialties teachers, postsecondary ........................................................................ Nursing instructors and teachers, postsecondary ............................................................... Education teachers, postsecondary .................................................................................... Library science teachers, postsecondary ............................................................................ Criminal justice and law enforcement teachers, postsecondary .........................................
88 130 36 330 44 880 4 110 9 610
(2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
(2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
73 660 53 480 51 830 53 660 49 180
105 610 34 360 47 710 3 740 9 550
(2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
(2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
76 720 55 770 52 850 54 590 51 500
Law teachers, postsecondary ............................................................................................. Social work teachers, postsecondary ................................................................................. Art, drama, and music teachers, postsecondary ................................................................. Communications teachers, postsecondary ......................................................................... English language and literature teachers, postsecondary ..................................................
11 470 6 470 60 120 20 420 56 540
(2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
(2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
91 420 55 830 52 770 52 400 51 780
12 580 6 670 63 730 20 760 57 400
(2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
(2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
95 300 56 620 52 750 53 130 52 560
Foreign language and literature teachers, postsecondary .................................................. History teachers, postsecondary ......................................................................................... Philosophy and religion teachers, postsecondary ............................................................... Graduate teaching assistants ............................................................................................. Home economics teachers, postsecondary ........................................................................
19 710 18 110 15 890 121 760 4 500
(2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
(2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
50 920 56 550 53 600 26 440 52 600
22 460 19 190 17 170 111 730 3 870
(2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
(2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
51 620 58 490 56 630 27 860 50 810
Recreation and fitness studies teachers, postsecondary .................................................... Vocational education teachers, postsecondary .................................................................. Postsecondary teachers, all other ....................................................................................... Preschool teachers, except special education .................................................................... Kindergarten teachers, except special education ...............................................................
14 780 121 090 ... 368 870 162 660
(2)
(2)
19.59 27.93 10.09
21.19 30.73 11.51
(2)
(2)
15 470 112 990 248 330 354 800 164 530
(2)
20.80 ... 10.67
47 050 43 270 ... 22 190 42 380
(2)
19.10 ... 9.53
(2)
(2)
47 360 44 060 63 920 23 940 44 000
Elementary school teachers, except special education ...................................................... Middle school teachers, except special and vocational education ...................................... Vocational education teachers, middle school .................................................................... Secondary school teachers, except special and vocational education ............................... Vocational education teachers, secondary school ..............................................................
1 432 800 604 370 17 430 1 011 240 101 190
(2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
(2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
44 350 44 830 44 930 46 790 46 100
1 422 840 623 400 16 820 1 021 180 102 210
(2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
(2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
45 670 46 510 46 250 48 420 48 000
Special education teachers, preschool, kindergarten, and elementary school ................... Special education teachers, middle school ......................................................................... Special education teachers, secondary school ................................................................... Adult literacy, remedial education, and GED teachers and instructors ............................... Self-enrichment education teachers ...................................................................................
207 530 93 790 131 190 62 510 136 680
(2) (2) (2)
(2) (2) (2)
(2) (2) (2)
20.47 16.15
205 960 98 840 138 470 63 200 141 180
(2) (2) (2)
18.10 14.34
45 920 44 920 47 530 42 570 33 590
18.74 14.85
20.92 16.93
46 420 48 910 49 620 43 520 35 210
Teachers and instructors, all other ...................................................................................... Archivists ............................................................................................................................. Curators .............................................................................................................................. Museum technicians and conservators ............................................................................... Librarians ............................................................................................................................
... ... ... ... 153 330
... ... ... ... 21.22
... ... ... ... 21.89
... ... ... ... 45 520
505 570 5 190 8 590 8 850 149 680
(2)
(2)
17.54 20.97 15.30 22.07
19.05 23.04 16.96 22.88
33 100 39 630 47 920 35 270 47 590
1Annual wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a "year-round, full-time" hours figure of 2,080 hours; for those occupations where there is not an hourly mean
wage published, the annual wage has been directly calculated from the reported survey data. 2Hourly wage rates for occupations where workers typically work fewer than 2,080 hours per year are not available. . . . = Not available.
255
OCCUPATIONAL EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES
Table 3-3. Employment and Wages by Occupation, May 2003–May 2004—Continued (Number of persons, dollars.) May 2003 Occupational division and occupation
Employment
Median hourly wages
May 2004
Mean hourly wages
Library technicians .............................................................................................................. Audio-visual collections specialists ..................................................................................... Farm and home management advisors .............................................................................. Instructional coordinators .................................................................................................... Teacher assistants .............................................................................................................. Education, training, and library workers, all other ...............................................................
108 940 8 970 12 010 96 690 1 234 030 ...
11.65 15.67 19.20 22.82 (2)
(2)
...
Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media Occupations Art directors ......................................................................................................................... Craft artists .......................................................................................................................... Fine artists, including painters, sculptors, and illustrators ................................................... Multi-media artists and animators ....................................................................................... Artists and related workers, all other ...................................................................................
24 000 ... 9 690 32 910 ...
Commercial and industrial designers .................................................................................. Fashion designers ............................................................................................................... Floral designers .................................................................................................................. Graphic designers ............................................................................................................... Interior designers ................................................................................................................
Employment
Median hourly wages
(2)
(2)
...
14.29
16.29
26 260 35 630 44 960 51 450 20 400 33 890
29.93 ... 17.03 22.08 ...
33.70 ... 20.97 25.42 ...
70 100 ... 43 610 52 880 ...
26 870 3 890 9 570 30 210 5 370
30.69 11.31 18.30 24.21 14.72
35.21 13.33 20.98 27.65 18.02
73 240 27 720 43 640 57 520 37 490
33 390 11 270 69 730 151 950 46 240
25.16 25.42 9.45 17.61 19.29
26.41 30.12 10.00 19.85 21.39
54 920 62 650 20 810 41 300 44 480
33 050 12 100 67 710 159 720 46 360
25.15 26.85 9.83 18.28 19.56
26.77 30.84 10.51 20.25 21.59
55 670 64 150 21 860 42 120 44 900
Merchandise displayers and window trimmers ................................................................... Set and exhibit designers .................................................................................................... Designers, all other ............................................................................................................. Actors .................................................................................................................................. Producers and directors ......................................................................................................
59 150 8 060 ... 51 840 54 370
10.59 16.90 ...
11.99 18.78 ... (2) (2)
62 220 8 750 12 650 59 000 55 260
10.89 17.21 20.31 11.28 25.40
12.51 19.23 22.27 22.48 34.84
26 020 40 000 46 320
(2) (2)
24 940 39 070 ... 48 940 64 550
Athletes and sports competitors .......................................................................................... Coaches and scouts ........................................................................................................... Umpires, referees, and other sports officials ...................................................................... Dancers ............................................................................................................................... Choreographers ..................................................................................................................
11 840 105 070 8 790 15 390 14 810
(2) (2) (2)
(2) (2) (2)
(2) (2) (2)
86 690 32 780 27 850
12.76 17.16
12 250 122 930 11 440 14 880 15 360
(2) (2) (2)
9.45 14.92
90 410 33 570 27 820 26 540 35 700
8.54 16.19
12.15 18.39
38 250
Music directors and composers .......................................................................................... Musicians and singers ........................................................................................................ Entertainers and performers, sports and related workers, all other .................................... Radio and television announcers ........................................................................................ Public address system and other announcers ....................................................................
9 000 50 600 ... ... ...
(2) (2)
(2) (2)
... ... ...
... ... ...
41 450 51 580 ... ... ...
8 870 52 000 54 800 41 430 8 180
16.62 17.85 16.73 10.64 10.56
21.06 24.96 18.82 15.22 14.08
31 650 29 290
Broadcast news analysts .................................................................................................... Reporters and correspondents ........................................................................................... Public relations specialists .................................................................................................. Editors ................................................................................................................................. Technical writers .................................................................................................................
... ... ... 108 990 44 690
... ... ... 19.93 24.80
... ... ... 22.83 26.15
... ... ... 47 490 54 390
6 930 52 550 166 210 100 790 45 100
17.78 15.06 21.07 21.10 25.71
27.28 18.58 23.80 23.65 27.24
56 740 38 650 49 510 49 190 56 650
Writers and authors ............................................................................................................. Interpreters and translators ................................................................................................. Media and communication workers, all other ...................................................................... Audio and video equipment technicians ............................................................................. Broadcast technicians .........................................................................................................
43 740 21 910 ... 37 370 32 750
20.35 16.10 ... 14.81 13.51
24.26 17.22 ... 16.88 16.62
50 460 35 820 ... 35 110 34 560
42 780 25 410 27 380 40 050 29 940
21.32 16.28 19.64 15.66 13.47
25.52 17.61 21.66 17.62 16.14
53 080 36 630 45 060 36 650 33 560
Radio operators .................................................................................................................. Sound engineering technicians ........................................................................................... Photographers .................................................................................................................... Camera operators, television, video, and motion picture .................................................... Film and video editors ......................................................................................................... Media and communication equipment workers, all other ....................................................
2 060 11 840 57 740 21 430 15 100 ...
14.57 18.41 12.04 16.51 19.52 ...
15.80 22.49 14.23 18.34 22.32 ...
32 870 46 780 29 590 38 140 46 420 ...
1 670 11 650 54 400 21 600 15 800 18 570
15.73 18.32 12.54 18.08 20.96 19.77
17.06 21.91 15.00 20.04 24.37 22.36
35 490 45 570 31 200 41 690 50 690 46 510
Health Care Practitioner and Technical Occcupations Chiropractors ...................................................................................................................... Dentists, general ................................................................................................................. Oral and maxillofacial surgeons .......................................................................................... Orthodontists ....................................................................................................................... Prosthodontists ...................................................................................................................
20 210 97 090 ... ... ...
31.72 57.85 ... ... ...
39.72 63.08 ... ... ...
82 630 131 210 ... ... ...
21 830 84 240 4 950 6 190 730
33.61 59.16
42.01 63.87 79.69 72.45 70.04
87 390 132 850 165 750 150 700 145 670
Dentists, all other specialists ............................................................................................... Dietitians and nutritionists ................................................................................................... Optometrists ........................................................................................................................ Pharmacists ........................................................................................................................ Anesthesiologists ................................................................................................................
... 46 190 22 740 215 030 23 790
... 20.21 41.07 38.72
... 20.68 45.70 37.80 88.89
... 43 020 95 060 78 620 184 880
2 710 46 530 22 780 222 960 25 130
60.64 20.98 42.51 40.82
62.64 21.46 46.53 40.56 83.77
130 300 44 640 96 780 84 370 174 250
Family and general practitioners ......................................................................................... Internists, general ............................................................................................................... Obstetricians and gynecologists ......................................................................................... Pediatricians, general ......................................................................................................... Psychiatrists ........................................................................................................................
111 990 50 140 19 180 26 910 19 530
64.11
67.13 76.99 86.86 68.90 66.97
139 640 160 130 180 660 143 300 139 300
106 750 51 180 20 850 26 520 22 440
65.91
66.58 76.06 84.74 68.04 72.17
138 490 158 200 176 270 141 520 150 110
64.50 64.41
(4) (4) (4)
(4)
(4) (4)
65.26 (4)
12.63 17.13 21.62 24.74
Mean annual wages1
113 520 8 420 12 620 106 590 1 242 760 65 150
(4) (4)
11.99 15.86 20.00 23.46
Mean hourly wages
25 570 34 940 41 800 50 100 20 220 ...
(4)
12.29 16.80 20.10 24.09
Mean annual wages1
(3)
72 470
(3)
43 810 (3) (3)
1Annual wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a "year-round, full-time" hours figure of 2,080 hours; for those occupations where there is not an hourly mean
wage published, the annual wage has been directly calculated from the reported survey data. 2Hourly wage rates for occupations where workers typically work fewer than 2,080 hours per year are not available. 3There is a wide variation in the number of hours worked by those employed as actors, dancers, singers, and musicians. Many jobs are for the duration of 1 day or 1 week, and it is
extremely rare for a performer to have guaranteed employment for a period that exceeds 3 to 6 months. Therefore, only hourly wages are available for these occupations. 4Median hourly wage is equal to or greater than $70.00 per hour. . . . = Not available.
256
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 3-3. Employment and Wages by Occupation, May 2003–May 2004—Continued (Number of persons, dollars.) May 2003 Occupational division and occupation
Employment
Median hourly wages
May 2004
Mean hourly wages
Mean annual wages1
Employment
Median hourly wages
Mean hourly wages
Mean annual wages1
Surgeons ............................................................................................................................. Physicians and surgeons, all other ..................................................................................... Physician assistants ............................................................................................................ Podiatrists ........................................................................................................................... Registered nurses ...............................................................................................................
49 730 ... 60 030 7 800 2 246 430
... 31.57 45.22 23.82
91.48 ... 31.15 51.17 24.63
190 280 ... 64 790 106 430 51 230
55 800 162 720 59 470 7 550 2 311 970
67.44 33.37 45.38 25.16
87.31 66.16 33.07 52.11 26.06
181 610 137 610 68 780 108 400 54 210
Audiologists ......................................................................................................................... Occupational therapists ...................................................................................................... Physical therapists .............................................................................................................. Radiation therapists ............................................................................................................ Recreational therapists .......................................................................................................
10 030 81 380 134 970 13 990 22 860
23.93 25.27 27.75 26.06 15.32
25.23 25.87 29.02 30.83 15.82
52 490 53 810 60 350 64 130 32 920
9 810 83 560 142 940 14 470 23 050
24.74 26.28 28.93 27.74 15.82
26.47 27.19 30.00 29.05 16.48
55 050 56 550 62 390 60 420 34 280
Respiratory therapists ......................................................................................................... Speech-language pathologists ............................................................................................ Therapists, all other ............................................................................................................ Veterinarians ....................................................................................................................... Health diagnosing and treating practitioners, all other ........................................................
87 180 86 640 ... 43 890 ...
19.79 24.06 ... 31.13 ...
20.07 25.10 ... 36.00 ...
41 750 52 210 ... 74 880 ...
91 350 89 260 8 090 46 090 56 920
20.74 25.20 19.32 32.01 27.87
21.24 26.71 21.45 36.07 44.38
44 180 55 550 44 620 75 030 92 300
Medical and clinical laboratory technologists ...................................................................... Medical and clinical laboratory technicians ......................................................................... Dental hygienists ................................................................................................................. Cardiovascular technologists and technicians .................................................................... Diagnostic medical sonographers .......................................................................................
146 900 146 160 146 360 43 300 37 240
20.98 14.24 27.10 17.99 24.02
21.38 14.88 28.13 18.44 24.39
44 480 30 940 58 520 38 350 50 740
151 240 141 720 155 810 43 540 41 280
21.99 14.83 28.05 18.60 25.24
22.41 15.44 28.58 19.09 25.78
46 600 32 120 59 440 39 710 53 620
Nuclear medicine technologists .......................................................................................... Radiologic technologists and technicians ........................................................................... Emergency medical technicians and paramedics ............................................................... Dietetic technicians ............................................................................................................. Pharmacy technicians .........................................................................................................
17 550 173 030 181 750 26 870 211 270
24.79 19.53 11.75 10.78 10.94
26.57 20.03 12.95 11.64 11.47
55 260 41 660 26 930 24 210 23 860
17 520 177 220 187 900 24 630 255 290
27.14 20.84 12.17 11.05 11.37
29.43 21.41 13.30 11.89 11.87
61 210 44 530 27 650 24 730 24 700
Psychiatric technicians ........................................................................................................ Respiratory therapy technicians .......................................................................................... Surgical technologists ......................................................................................................... Veterinary technologists and technicians ............................................................................ Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses .............................................................
56 000 25 470 73 250 53 730 682 590
12.39 16.75 15.45 11.22 15.57
13.60 17.11 15.74 11.76 15.97
28 290 35 590 32 740 24 470 33 210
59 010 24 190 82 280 58 570 702 740
12.28 17.67 16.35 11.99 16.33
13.43 18.00 16.72 12.49 16.75
27 940 37 440 34 770 25 990 34 840
Medical records and health information technicians ........................................................... Opticians, dispensing .......................................................................................................... Orthotists and prosthetists .................................................................................................. Health technologists and technicians, all other ................................................................... Occupational health and safety specialists .........................................................................
148 380 63 780 4 880 ... 42 580
11.79 12.67 23.90 ... 22.88
12.77 13.74 27.38 ... 23.57
26 550 28 570 56 950 ... 49 020
155 030 62 350 4 930 72 390 36 360
12.30 13.44 24.17 16.46 24.79
13.30 14.37 27.47 18.10 25.54
27 660 29 880 57 130 37 650 53 110
Occupational health and safety technicians ........................................................................ Athletic trainers ................................................................................................................... Health care practitioners and technical workers, all other ..................................................
... 11 750 ...
...
...
(2)
(2)
...
...
11 190 13 100 52 240
21.31
(2)
... 34 860 ...
20.25
(2)
16.04
18.20
44 320 36 350 37 860
Health Care Support Occupations Home health aides .............................................................................................................. Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants ............................................................................ Psychiatric aides ................................................................................................................. Occupational therapist assistants ....................................................................................... Occupational therapist aides ...............................................................................................
583 880 1 341 650 57 770 18 940 6 060
8.77 9.85 11.01 17.98 10.95
9.22 10.12 11.48 18.04 12.21
19 180 21 050 23 880 37 530 25 390
596 330 1 384 120 54 520 20 880 5 240
8.81 10.09 11.19 18.48 11.13
9.13 10.39 11.70 18.49 12.51
18 980 21 610 24 340 38 460 26 030
Physical therapist assistants ............................................................................................... Physical therapist aides ...................................................................................................... Massage therapists ............................................................................................................. Dental assistants ................................................................................................................. Medical assistants ...............................................................................................................
52 440 36 870 29 940 272 030 362 670
17.60 10.08 13.78 13.32 11.62
17.67 10.71 16.49 13.57 11.99
36 750 22 270 34 310 28 230 24 940
57 420 41 910 32 200 264 820 380 340
18.22 10.28 15.36 13.62 11.83
18.14 11.14 17.63 13.97 12.21
37 730 23 160 36 670 29 060 25 400
Medical equipment preparers ............................................................................................. Medical transcriptionists ...................................................................................................... Pharmacy aides .................................................................................................................. Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers ..................................................... Health care support workers, all other ................................................................................
37 140 97 810 61 170 64 490 ...
11.23 13.26 8.84 8.66 ...
11.66 13.59 9.42 9.28 ...
24 260 28 270 19 600 19 310 ...
40 380 92 740 47 720 70 200 182 550
11.76 13.64 8.86 8.97 12.01
12.14 14.01 9.52 9.44 12.62
25 240 29 150 19 810 19 640 26 250
Protective Service Occupations First-line supervisors/managers of correctional officers ...................................................... First-line supervisors/managers of police and detectives ................................................... First-line supervisors/managers of fire fighting and prevention workers ............................. First-line supervisors/managers, protective service workers, all other ............................... Firefighters ..........................................................................................................................
33 760 101 740 59 000 ... 273 120
21.88 29.98 27.40 ... 17.82
23.00 30.39 28.24 ... 18.41
47 850 63 200 58 750 ... 38 280
35 880 96 080 54 170 47 280 273 630
21.50 30.97 28.33 17.91 18.43
22.83 31.34 29.26 20.05 19.06
47 490 65 180 60 860 41 690 39 640
Fire inspectors and investigators ........................................................................................ Forest fire inspectors and prevention specialists ................................................................ Bailiffs ................................................................................................................................. Correctional officers and jailers ........................................................................................... Detectives and criminal investigators ..................................................................................
12 320 1 460 16 760 417 420 87 480
21.99 18.31 16.57 15.94 25.19
22.76 19.72 16.81 16.87 26.17
47 340 41 010 34 970 35 090 54 440
12 500 1 580 17 270 409 580 86 880
22.28 18.77 16.28 16.15 25.96
23.03 19.98 16.80 17.29 27.16
47 890 41 560 34 950 35 970 56 500
(4)
(4)
1Annual wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a "year-round, full-time" hours figure of 2,080 hours; for those occupations where there is not an hourly mean
wage published, the annual wage has been directly calculated from the reported survey data. 2Hourly wage rates for occupations where workers typically work fewer than 2,080 hours per year are not available. 4Median hourly wage is equal to or greater than $70.00 per hour.
. . . = Not available.
257
OCCUPATIONAL EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES
Table 3-3. Employment and Wages by Occupation, May 2003–May 2004—Continued (Number of persons, dollars.) May 2003 Occupational division and occupation
Employment
Median hourly wages
May 2004
Mean hourly wages
Mean annual wages1
Employment
Median hourly wages
Mean hourly wages
Mean annual wages1
Fish and game wardens ...................................................................................................... Parking enforcement workers ............................................................................................. Police and sheriff’s patrol officers ....................................................................................... Transit and railroad police ................................................................................................... Animal control workers ........................................................................................................
6 850 9 870 609 960 5 470 12 290
19.90 13.55 21.16 21.23 12.38
21.41 14.22 21.62 22.09 12.93
44 540 29 570 44 960 45 940 26 900
7 050 9 990 616 340 4 610 13 780
20.57 13.64 21.74 21.84 12.60
23.60 14.37 22.20 22.77 13.15
49 090 29 890 46 180 47 370 27 360
Private detectives and investigators ................................................................................... Gaming surveillance officers and gaming investigators ...................................................... Security guards ................................................................................................................... Crossing guards .................................................................................................................. Lifeguards, ski patrol, and other recreational protective service workers ........................... Protective service workers, all other ...................................................................................
30 460 7 560 964 260 70 820 ... ...
14.62 11.86 9.45 9.07 ... ...
16.87 12.51 10.34 9.86 ... ...
35 080 26 030 21 520 20 510 ... ...
31 220 8 560 978 570 70 180 108 210 122 740
15.44 12.42 9.77 9.28 7.95 13.50
17.47 13.69 10.61 9.94 8.43 14.54
36 330 28 470 22 070 20 670 17 530 30 240
Food Preparation and Serving Related Occupations Chefs and head cooks ........................................................................................................ First-line supervisors/managers of food preparation and serving workers ......................... Cooks, fast food .................................................................................................................. Cooks, institution and cafeteria ........................................................................................... Cooks, private household ...................................................................................................
118 870 694 040 612 960 406 010 ...
13.82 11.88 6.95 8.80 ...
15.68 12.90 7.23 9.31 ...
32 620 26 840 15 030 19 350 ...
116 930 733 680 652 500 401 110 650
14.75 12.22 7.07 9.10 9.42
16.42 13.21 7.33 9.55 10.83
34 160 27 480 15 250 19 860 22 530
Cooks, restaurant ................................................................................................................ Cooks, short order .............................................................................................................. Cooks, all other ................................................................................................................... Food preparation workers ................................................................................................... Bartenders ..........................................................................................................................
734 870 227 360 ... 852 890 470 020
9.26 7.90 ... 7.92 7.23
9.62 8.30 ... 8.34 8.14
20 020 17 260 ... 17 340 16 930
765 670 225 740 10 780 863 700 463 000
9.39 8.11 10.09 8.03 7.42
9.73 8.46 10.87 8.47 8.29
20 230 17 590 22 600 17 620 17 240
Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food ................................ Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession, and coffee shop ...................................... Waiters and waitresses ....................................................................................................... Food servers, nonrestaurant ............................................................................................... Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers .............................................
2 047 100 461 700 2 125 100 194 260 393 500
7.00 7.38 6.78 7.65 7.01
7.34 7.76 7.58 8.28 7.38
15 260 16 140 15 780 17 220 15 350
2 140 740 458 610 2 219 850 186 770 390 980
7.06 7.53 6.75 7.95 7.10
7.40 7.78 7.66 8.58 7.44
15 390 16 170 15 930 17 840 15 470
Dishwashers ....................................................................................................................... Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop ................................................ Food preparation and serving related workers, all other .....................................................
492 620 294 300 ...
7.21 7.40 ...
7.45 7.77 ...
15 490 16 170 ...
497 650 316 400 62 620
7.35 7.52 8.26
7.50 7.82 8.89
15 600 16 260 18 490
Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations First-line supervisors/managers of housekeeping and janitorial workers ........................... First-line supervisors/managers of landscaping, lawn service, and groundskeeping workers ......................................................................................................................... Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners ...................................... Maids and housekeeping cleaners ..................................................................................... Building cleaning workers, all other ....................................................................................
203 770
13.78
14.90
31 000
199 990
14.19
15.32
31 880
95 450 2 064 350 896 370 ...
16.23 8.85 7.98 ...
17.71 9.77 8.42 ...
36 840 20 320 17 520 ...
102 380 2 103 490 880 150 13 580
16.99 9.04 8.13 10.17
18.38 9.91 8.62 10.74
38 230 20 620 17 930 22 350
Pest control workers ........................................................................................................... Landscaping and groundskeeping workers ........................................................................ Pesticide handlers, sprayers, and applicators, vegetation .................................................. Tree trimmers and pruners ................................................................................................. Grounds maintenance workers, all other ............................................................................
58 500 819 780 23 450 40 710 ...
12.01 9.59 12.25 12.32 ...
12.75 10.39 12.60 13.11 ...
26 510 21 610 26 210 27 270 ...
59 080 860 200 24 200 39 600 17 760
12.61 9.82 12.30 12.57 9.57
13.38 10.62 12.74 13.37 11.18
27 830 22 080 26 500 27 800 23 250
Personal Care and Service Occupations Gaming supervisors ............................................................................................................ Slot key persons ................................................................................................................. First-line supervisors/managers of personal service workers ............................................. Animal trainers .................................................................................................................... Nonfarm animal caretakers .................................................................................................
26 280 15 000 110 630 6 990 85 440
19.31 11.13 14.18 10.75 8.26
19.64 11.98 15.67 12.65 9.08
40 860 24 930 32 590 26 310 18 890
25 040 16 210 121 250 8 060 81 110
19.64 11.06 14.59 10.60 8.39
19.98 12.07 16.07 12.48 9.24
41 570 25 110 33 430 25 950 19 220
Gaming dealers ................................................................................................................... Gaming and sports book writers and runners ..................................................................... Gaming service workers, all other ....................................................................................... Motion picture projectionists ............................................................................................... Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers ........................................................................
76 120 15 820 ... 10 450 109 290
6.83 9.05 ... 8.24 7.07
7.86 10.04 ... 9.98 7.94
16 350 20 880 ... 20 750 16 520
82 560 18 290 14 860 10 290 110 420
6.89 8.84 10.01 8.32 7.30
7.89 9.76 10.85 9.55 8.07
16 420 20 310 22 570 19 870 16 780
Amusement and recreation attendants ............................................................................... Costume attendants ............................................................................................................ Locker room, coatroom, and dressing room attendants ..................................................... Entertainment attendants and related workers, all other .................................................... Embalmers ..........................................................................................................................
236 070 3 400 21 420 ... 7 630
7.23 12.22 8.25 ... 16.51
7.89 13.80 8.60 ... 17.48
16 400 28 700 17 890 ... 36 360
241 110 3 460 24 320 37 080 8 660
7.47 12.04 8.44 8.14 17.09
8.00 13.81 8.80 8.57 17.93
16 630 28 720 18 310 17 820 37 300
Funeral attendants .............................................................................................................. Barbers ............................................................................................................................... Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists .................................................................... Makeup artists, theatrical and performance ........................................................................ Manicurists and pedicurists .................................................................................................
28 120 17 570 335 860 720 32 670
8.91 9.73 8.99 14.09 8.52
9.66 11.16 10.49 16.68 9.21
20 090 23 210 21 810 34 700 19 150
29 660 15 830 331 260 1 060 38 030
9.26 10.19 9.52 11.74 8.89
10.05 12.04 10.95 15.28 9.65
20 900 25 040 22 770 31 780 20 080
1Annual
wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a "year-round, full-time" hours figure of 2,080 hours; for those occupations where there is not an hourly mean wage published, the annual wage has been directly calculated from the reported survey data. . . . = Not available.
258
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 3-3. Employment and Wages by Occupation, May 2003–May 2004—Continued (Number of persons, dollars.) May 2003 Occupational division and occupation
Employment
Median hourly wages
May 2004
Mean hourly wages
Mean annual wages1
Employment
Median hourly wages
Mean hourly wages
Mean annual wages1
Shampooers ........................................................................................................................ Skin care specialists ........................................................................................................... Baggage porters and bellhops ............................................................................................ Concierges .......................................................................................................................... Tour guides and escorts .....................................................................................................
15 300 16 820 55 880 16 710 27 390
6.90 11.08 8.51 10.48 9.04
7.27 12.65 10.53 11.31 9.71
15 120 26 310 21 900 23 520 20 190
16 180 19 650 55 910 17 310 28 660
7.03 11.55 8.54 11.23 9.32
7.51 13.20 10.46 11.93 9.92
15 610 27 450 21 760 24 820 20 640
Travel guides ...................................................................................................................... Flight attendants ................................................................................................................. Transportation attendants, except flight attendants and baggage porters .......................... Child care workers .............................................................................................................. Personal and home care aides ...........................................................................................
5 450 107 100 28 580 469 150 487 200
13.24
15.17
4 140 101 980 27 730 513 110 532 490
14.30
(2)
(2)
(2)
9.99 8.37 8.18
31 540 47 670 20 770 17 400 17 020
13.20
(2)
9.05 7.90 7.91
9.17 8.06 8.12
9.99 8.57 8.38
29 750 51 160 20 780 17 830 17 430
Fitness trainers and aerobics instructors ............................................................................ Recreation workers ............................................................................................................. Residential advisors ............................................................................................................ Personal care and service workers, all other ......................................................................
177 790 265 640 49 650 ...
11.78 8.94 10.06 ...
14.71 10.12 10.89 ...
30 590 21 040 22 650 ...
182 280 266 520 49 960 65 070
12.25 9.29 10.30 8.63
14.98 10.43 11.17 9.81
31 170 21 690 23 240 20 410
Sales and Related Occpations First-line supervisors/managers of retail sales workers ...................................................... First-line supervisors/managers of non-retail sales workers ............................................... Cashiers .............................................................................................................................. Gaming change persons and booth cashiers ..................................................................... Counter and rental clerks ....................................................................................................
1 175 310 327 180 3 462 010 30 760 442 310
14.75 26.78 7.58 9.63 8.48
17.10 32.46 8.14 9.84 9.95
35 560 67 520 16 940 20 470 20 690
1 087 830 307 610 3 438 070 28 830 444 850
15.73 28.51 7.81 9.87 8.79
18.01 34.33 8.29 10.04 10.47
37 470 71 420 17 250 20 890 21 770
Parts salespersons ............................................................................................................. Retail salespersons ............................................................................................................. Advertising sales agents ..................................................................................................... Insurance sales agents ....................................................................................................... Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents ............................................
236 090 3 992 930 141 340 277 120 245 280
11.78 8.70 18.58 19.25 29.10
13.04 10.70 23.26 25.85 40.94
27 120 22 260 48 390 53 770 85 150
236 710 4 130 470 144 690 285 390 240 500
12.32 8.98 19.37 20.06 33.27
13.58 11.03 23.76 26.77 43.77
28 240 22 930 49 420 55 680 91 040
Travel agents ...................................................................................................................... Sales representatives, services, all other ........................................................................... Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific products .... Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and scientific products ........................................................................................................................ Demonstrators and product promoters ...............................................................................
103 840 390 080 1 421 660
13.05 27.46 21.09
14.00 31.42 25.23
29 110 65 360 52 480
90 500 352 050 378 080
13.29 22.60 28.17
14.25 25.93 32.37
29 650 53 940 67 330
... 95 300
... 9.74
... 12.07
... 25 110
1 385 630 93 240
21.83 9.95
25.91 12.00
53 900 24 960
Models ................................................................................................................................ Real estate brokers ............................................................................................................. Real estate sales agents ..................................................................................................... Sales engineers .................................................................................................................. Telemarketers .....................................................................................................................
1 560 40 590 123 490 73 200 404 150
11.67 23.91 15.68 32.59 9.55
14.89 33.62 21.61 34.85 10.86
30 980 69 920 44 950 72 490 22 590
1 410 40 050 126 470 71 690 410 360
10.50 28.23 17.15 33.95 9.82
13.21 37.43 23.05 36.42 11.29
27 480 77 850 47 950 75 740 23 490
Door-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors, and related workers ...................... Sales and related workers, all other ....................................................................................
21 600 ...
11.67 ...
13.97 ...
29 050 ...
15 200 198 230
10.85 15.09
13.36 18.44
27 790 38 350
Office and Adminstrative Support Occupations First-line supervisors/managers of office and administrative support workers ................... Switchboard operators, including answering service .......................................................... Telephone operators ........................................................................................................... Communications equipment operators, all other ................................................................
1 412 470 217 700 45 310 ...
18.99 10.27 13.48 ...
20.46 10.69 14.31 ...
42 550 22 230 29 770 ...
1 406 240 206 370 38 500 4 040
19.72 10.38 13.65 15.23
21.15 10.81 14.53 15.98
43 990 22 490 30 220 33 240
Bill and account collectors .................................................................................................. Billing and posting clerks and machine operators ............................................................... Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks .................................................................... Gaming cage workers ......................................................................................................... Payroll and timekeeping clerks ...........................................................................................
417 100 487 420 1 750 680 18 370 194 330
12.98 12.64 13.35 10.61 14.22
13.74 13.13 13.93 10.94 14.75
28 580 27 310 28 980 22 760 30 670
445 180 496 780 1 770 860 19 710 205 670
13.20 13.00 13.74 10.74 14.59
13.95 13.50 14.34 11.09 15.02
29 010 28 070 29 830 23 070 31 240
Procurement clerks ............................................................................................................. Tellers ................................................................................................................................. Brokerage clerks ................................................................................................................. Correspondence clerks ....................................................................................................... Court, municipal, and license clerks ...................................................................................
72 820 538 890 75 380 27 460 100 310
14.49 9.94 16.39 12.88 13.20
14.79 10.07 17.46 13.49 14.15
30 770 20 940 36 310 28 050 29 430
71 740 552 860 73 910 21 590 103 090
14.85 10.15 16.94 13.51 13.67
15.11 10.30 18.15 14.19 14.63
31 420 21 420 37 750 29 510 30 420
Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks ............................................................................. Customer service representatives ...................................................................................... Eligibility interviewers, government programs ..................................................................... File clerks ............................................................................................................................ Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks ....................................................................................
73 860 1 902 850 89 410 249 270 180 410
13.08 12.74 15.87 9.84 8.39
14.22 13.73 16.23 10.43 8.77
29 580 28 560 33 750 21 690 18 240
66 010 2 021 350 93 250 242 640 190 300
13.97 12.99 15.92 10.11 8.51
15.15 14.01 16.25 10.72 8.93
31 520 29 130 33 800 22 310 18 570
Interviewers, except eligibility and loan ............................................................................... Library assistants, clerical ................................................................................................... Loan interviewers and clerks .............................................................................................. New accounts clerks ........................................................................................................... Order clerks ........................................................................................................................
190 160 109 900 179 080 105 300 303 320
10.86 9.58 13.62 12.47 12.05
11.44 10.23 14.34 13.17 12.77
23 790 21 280 29 830 27 400 26 560
193 780 102 310 209 320 96 560 289 830
11.38 9.96 13.94 12.91 12.07
11.91 10.57 14.75 13.55 12.85
24 770 21 990 30 680 28 180 26 730
1Annual
wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a "year-round, full-time" hours figure of 2,080 hours; for those occupations where there is not an hourly mean wage published, the annual wage has been directly calculated from the reported survey data. wage rates for occupations where workers typically work fewer than 2,080 hours per year are not available. . . . = Not available. 2Hourly
259
OCCUPATIONAL EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES
Table 3-3. Employment and Wages by Occupation, May 2003–May 2004—Continued (Number of persons, dollars.) May 2003 Occupational division and occupation
Employment
Median hourly wages
May 2004
Mean hourly wages
Mean annual wages1
Employment
Median hourly wages
Mean hourly wages
Mean annual wages1
Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping ........................................... Receptionists and information clerks .................................................................................. Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks .......................................... All other information and record clerks ............................................................................... Cargo and freight agents ....................................................................................................
165 760 1 058 790 165 990 ... 61 770
14.93 10.25 12.60 ... 15.38
15.44 10.65 14.00 ... 16.29
32 120 22 150 29 130 ... 33 880
164 940 1 071 230 159 910 269 070 70 000
15.26 10.50 13.34 15.44 16.47
15.77 10.91 14.48 18.34 17.24
32 810 22 690 30 120 38 150 35 870
Couriers and messengers ................................................................................................... Police, fire, and ambulance dispatchers ............................................................................. Dispatchers, except police, fire, and ambulance ................................................................ Meter readers, utilities ......................................................................................................... Postal service clerks ...........................................................................................................
118 210 89 620 161 790 51 790 78 520
9.39 13.60 14.61 13.80 19.13
10.00 14.27 15.80 14.67 18.83
20 790 29 690 32 870 30 510 39 170
111 700 90 930 165 910 48 830 76 870
9.71 13.91 14.87 14.15 19.69
10.26 14.58 16.01 15.03 19.82
21 330 30 330 33 310 31 260 41 230
Postal service mail carriers ................................................................................................. Postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing machine operators ..................... Production, planning, and expediting clerks ....................................................................... Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks ................................................................................. Stock clerks and order fillers ...............................................................................................
344 580 224 250 277 030 767 470 1 576 620
19.05 18.78 16.74 11.38 9.38
18.87 17.79 17.32 12.11 10.33
39 240 37 010 36 030 25 200 21 490
344 050 214 400 285 940 747 270 1 561 530
21.37 18.96 17.47 11.73 9.66
20.85 18.12 18.10 12.43 10.52
43 370 37 690 37 650 25 850 21 890
Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping ......................................... Executive secretaries and administrative assistants ........................................................... Legal secretaries ................................................................................................................. Medical secretaries ............................................................................................................. Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive ..............................................................
77 770 1 418 640 264 080 349 370 1 845 860
11.80 16.39 17.15 12.50 12.22
13.07 17.22 17.87 13.08 12.76
27 180 35 810 37 170 27 210 26 540
83 570 1 422 610 264 070 360 850 1 743 560
11.81 16.81 17.65 12.76 12.55
12.92 17.69 18.40 13.42 13.06
26 880 36 790 38 280 27 900 27 160
Computer operators ............................................................................................................ Data entry keyers ................................................................................................................ Word processors and typists ............................................................................................... Desktop publishers ............................................................................................................. Insurance claims and policy processing clerks ...................................................................
160 170 339 010 191 180 33 590 239 580
14.41 10.86 13.05 15.19 13.71
15.32 11.34 13.65 16.15 14.33
31 870 23 590 28 400 33 590 29 800
140 870 313 590 168 430 32 790 239 250
14.94 11.18 13.48 15.55 14.06
15.79 11.72 14.17 16.40 14.70
32 850 24 380 29 480 34 110 30 580
Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service .......................................... Office clerks, general .......................................................................................................... Office machine operators, except computer ....................................................................... Proofreaders and copy markers .......................................................................................... Statistical assistants ............................................................................................................ Office and administrative support workers, all other ...........................................................
152 360 2 926 160 90 470 24 700 20 970 ...
10.47 10.80 10.68 11.77 14.37 ...
10.91 11.43 11.42 12.76 15.11 ...
22 700 23 780 23 760 26 550 31 430 ...
149 700 2 970 660 97 140 20 530 18 560 318 430
10.76 10.95 11.16 12.18 14.55 12.22
11.27 11.62 11.83 12.99 15.19 13.16
23 440 24 170 24 610 27 010 31 600 27 380
Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Occupations First-line supervisors/managers of farming, fishing, and forestry workers .......................... Farm labor contractors ........................................................................................................ Agricultural inspectors ......................................................................................................... Animal breeders ..................................................................................................................
20 620 3 340 13 670 1 750
16.76 7.79 13.83 12.02
18.14 10.29 15.09 14.25
37 730 21 390 31 390 29 640
19 890 2 770 12 300 1 530
17.06 8.42 14.92 13.55
18.50 10.84 16.05 15.74
38 480 22 540 33 390 32 730
Graders and sorters, agricultural products .......................................................................... Agricultural equipment operators ........................................................................................ Farmworkers and laborers, crop, nursery, and greenhouse ............................................... Farmworkers, farm and ranch animals ............................................................................... Agricultural workers, all other ..............................................................................................
51 210 21 330 233 450 42 890 ...
7.78 8.59 7.43 8.12 ...
8.53 9.47 8.02 8.84 ...
17 740 19 690 16 670 18 390 ...
50 110 20 960 240 000 43 250 9 500
7.90 8.88 7.70 8.31 10.15
8.52 9.76 8.07 9.07 11.06
17 710 20 300 16 780 18 870 23 010
Fishers and related fishing workers .................................................................................... Forest and conservation workers ........................................................................................ Fallers ................................................................................................................................. Logging equipment operators ............................................................................................. Log graders and scalers ..................................................................................................... Logging workers, all other ...................................................................................................
... ... ... 9 620 28 190 4 900
... ... ... 13.46 13.00 13.01
... ... ... 15.31 13.52 13.94
... ... ... 31 850 28 130 28 990
940 9 140 10 180 27 690 4 870 5 680
11.58 9.51 13.23 13.18 12.29 14.29
14.04 11.34 15.15 13.75 13.21 14.06
29 200 23 590 31 510 28 600 27 480 29 240
Construction and Extraction Occupations First-line supervisors/managers of construction trades and extraction workers ................. Boilermakers ....................................................................................................................... Brickmasons and blockmasons .......................................................................................... Stonemasons ......................................................................................................................
516 540 20 270 107 900 13 710
23.43 20.79 19.98 16.35
25.06 20.92 20.36 17.36
52 130 43 510 42 350 36 110
542 440 18 520 107 660 16 320
24.25 21.68 20.07 16.82
25.95 22.29 20.42 17.75
53 980 46 360 42 480 36 920
Carpenters .......................................................................................................................... Carpet installers .................................................................................................................. Floor layers, except carpet, wood, and hard tiles ............................................................... Floor sanders and finishers ................................................................................................. Tile and marble setters .......................................................................................................
852 080 37 720 15 070 6 700 36 900
16.47 15.82 16.75 13.08 17.12
17.75 17.00 17.19 14.14 17.95
36 920 35 360 35 760 29 420 37 340
882 490 40 170 15 800 6 430 42 930
16.78 16.39 15.68 12.88 17.02
18.26 17.72 17.13 13.93 18.28
37 970 36 860 35 640 28 980 38 020
Cement masons and concrete finishers .............................................................................. Terrazzo workers and finishers ........................................................................................... Construction laborers .......................................................................................................... Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators ......................................................... Pile-driver operators ............................................................................................................
180 540 6 140 837 650 57 980 4 390
14.80 13.32 11.86 14.06 23.16
16.23 14.64 13.64 15.86 22.72
33 760 30 460 28 380 32 980 47 260
191 690 6 700 854 840 61 860 4 450
15.10 13.45 12.10 14.42 21.29
16.36 15.47 13.86 16.07 22.46
34 030 32 170 28 830 33 430 46 720
1Annual
wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a "year-round, full-time" hours figure of 2,080 hours; for those occupations where there is not an hourly mean wage published, the annual wage has been directly calculated from the reported survey data. . . . = Not available.
260
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 3-3. Employment and Wages by Occupation, May 2003–May 2004—Continued (Number of persons, dollars.) May 2003
Occupational division and occupation
Employment
Median hourly wages
May 2004
Mean hourly wages
Mean annual wages1
Employment
Median hourly wages
Mean hourly wages
Mean annual wages1
Operating engineers and other construction equipment operators ..................................... Drywall and ceiling tile installers ......................................................................................... Tapers ................................................................................................................................. Electricians .......................................................................................................................... Glaziers ...............................................................................................................................
343 640 111 970 33 540 584 010 46 230
16.84 16.19 18.81 20.04 15.53
18.39 17.56 19.33 21.20 17.16
38 260 36 530 40 200 44 090 35 690
357 080 113 350 36 370 582 920 43 140
17.00 16.36 18.78 20.33 15.70
18.62 17.71 19.25 21.58 17.63
38 730 36 830 40 040 44 900 36 680
Insulation workers, floor, ceiling, and wall ........................................................................... Insulation workers, mechanical ........................................................................................... Painters, construction and maintenance ............................................................................. Paperhangers ..................................................................................................................... Pipelayers ...........................................................................................................................
52 170 ... 247 880 8 910 51 940
14.04 ... 14.12 15.40 13.73
15.83 ... 15.36 16.45 15.38
32 940 ... 31 960 34 220 32 000
37 000 17 110 249 560 7 660 54 470
14.57 16.03 14.55 15.73 13.68
16.12 17.48 15.87 16.87 15.40
33 530 36 350 33 010 35 090 32 040
Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters ................................................................................ Plasterers and stucco masons ............................................................................................ Reinforcing iron and rebar workers ..................................................................................... Roofers ............................................................................................................................... Sheet metal workers ...........................................................................................................
433 600 53 530 30 250 118 390 189 590
19.69 15.90 16.80 14.43 16.83
20.89 17.17 18.91 15.78 18.16
43 450 35 720 39 330 32 820 37 780
424 360 54 920 32 660 119 820 184 740
19.85 15.60 16.90 14.83 17.09
21.21 16.96 19.32 16.17 18.63
44 110 35 270 40 190 33 630 38 760
Structural iron and steel workers ........................................................................................ Helpers–brickmasons, blockmasons, stonemasons, and tile and marble setters ............... Helpers–carpenters ............................................................................................................. Helpers–electricians ........................................................................................................... . Helpers–painters, paperhangers, plasterers, and stucco masons ......................................
70 420 59 890 98 180 93 520 29 130
19.58 11.64 10.37 11.27 9.81
20.49 12.99 10.93 12.01 10.97
42 610 27 010 22 740 24 980 22 820
70 240 61 680 106 130 92 820 26 090
20.40 12.00 10.38 11.26 9.87
21.30 13.40 10.94 11.97 10.87
44 300 27 860 22 750 24 890 22 610
Helpers–pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters ............................................... Helpers–roofers ................................................................................................................ .. Helpers–construction trades, all other ................................................................................ Construction and building inspectors .................................................................................. Elevator installers and repairers .........................................................................................
77 580 21 490 ... 79 720 21 470
10.77 9.96 .. . 20.50 26.90
11.50 10.64 ... 21.36 26.86
23 920 22 140 ... 44 430 55 860
74 820 21 530 38 310 82 690 21 110
10.75 9.93 9.91 21.00 28.23
11.50 10.58 10.97 21.86 27.98
23 930 22 000 22 820 45 460 58 190
Fence erectors .................................................................................................................... Hazardous materials removal workers ................................................................................ Highway maintenance workers ........................................................................................... Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment operators .................................................... Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners ...................................................................
22 550 36 590 140 450 11 170 16 310
10.85 15.72 13.77 17.29 13.45
12.18 17.30 14.21 16.91 14.26
25 340 35 970 29 550 35 170 29 670
23 350 38 550 136 550 10 430 16 670
11.24 16.02 14.21 18.35 13.88
12.27 17.54 14.61 17.96 14.73
25 530 36 480 30 390 37 360 30 640
Segmental pavers ............................................................................................................... Construction and related workers, all other ........................................................................ Derrick operators, oil and gas ............................................................................................. Rotary drill operators, oil and gas ....................................................................................... Service unit operators, oil, gas, and mining ........................................................................
1 710 ... 15 080 14 830 12 640
12.76 ... 14.69 16.78 14.41
14.30 ... 15.58 17.99 15.93
29 740 ... 32 400 37 420 33 140
840 81 260 13 880 13 860 16 210
11.74 11.40 16.11 17.11 14.75
13.31 12.71 16.74 18.68 16.05
27 690 26 440 34 810 38 860 33 380
Earth drillers, except oil and gas ......................................................................................... Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts, and blasters ........................................... Continuous mining machine operators ............................................................................... Mine cutting and channeling machine operators ................................................................ Mining machine operators, all other ....................................................................................
19 970 5 140 7 610 4 460 ...
15.65 16.97 17.17 17.56 ...
16.46 17.52 17.18 17.49 ...
34 230 36 450 35 730 36 370 ...
19 320 5 290 8 060 3 900 2 710
16.07 17.16 17.87 17.96 16.45
17.18 17.85 17.71 17.95 17.17
35 740 37 130 36 840 37 330 35 710
Rock splitters, quarry .......................................................................................................... Roof bolters, mining ............................................................................................................ Roustabouts, oil and gas .................................................................................................... Helpers–extraction workers ................................................................................................ Extraction workers, all other ................................................................................................
3 240 3 980 32 720 28 86 0 ...
12.88 18.54 10.70 12.63 ...
13.76 18.49 11.84 13.21 ...
28 620 38 460 24 640 27 480 ...
3 180 4 290 32 280 26 430 10 450
12.54 18.70 11.94 12.66 15.66
13.43 18.54 12.74 13.23 16.37
27 940 38 570 26 500 27 520 34 050
Installation, Repair, and Maintenance Occupations First-line supervisors/managers of mechanics, installers, and repairers ............................ Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers ................................................. Radio mechanics ................................................................................................................ Telecommunications equipment installers and repairers, except line installers ................. Avionics technicians ............................................................................................................
445 520 144 370 6 890 195 500 21 420
23.37 16.24 17.82 23.19 20.73
24.53 16.98 18.80 22.31 20.98
51 020 35 310 39 100 46 400 43 630
459 440 141 350 6 340 202 160 22 310
24.20 16.90 17.65 23.96 21.30
25.34 17.59 18.30 23.10 21.38
52 700 36 580 38 070 48 050 44 460
Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers ................................................................ Electrical and electronics installers and repairers, transportation equipment ..................... Electrical and electronics repairers, commercial and industrial equipment ........................ Electrical and electronics repairers, powerhouse, substation, and relay ............................ Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor vehicles ............................................
26 070 17 370 83 820 20 700 14 590
15.53 18.89 20.29 25.02 12.64
16.19 18.91 19.96 24.28 13.64
33 660 39 330 41 520 50 500 28 360
21 910 17 390 71 300 20 660 15 490
15.54 19.25 20.48 25.86 12.79
16.11 19.46 20.63 25.51 14.24
33 520 40 470 42 910 53 060 29 610
Electronic home entertainment equipment installers and repairers .................................... Security and fire alarm systems installers ........................................................................... Aircraft mechanics and service technicians ........................................................................ Automotive body and related repairers ............................................................................... Automotive glass installers and repairers ...........................................................................
33 340 46 850 117 180 173 590 18 550
13.14 16.00 20.94 15.93 13.06
14.10 16.81 21.37 17.19 13.61
29 330 34 960 44 460 35 760 28 320
32 210 44 710 112 830 162 820 18 150
13.44 16.06 21.77 16.68 13.45
14.25 16.78 22.69 18.10 13.98
29 640 34 900 47 190 37 650 29 080
Automotive service technicians and mechanics ................................................................. Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists ..................................................... Farm equipment mechanics ................................................................................................ Mobile heavy equipment mechanics, except engines ......................................................... Rail car repairers .................................................................................................................
690 780 248 450 33 310 115 090 15 810
14.97 16.81 13.21 17.69 19.04
16.02 17.27 13.58 18.07 18.52
33 320 35 930 28 240 37 590 38 530
668 540 251 430 30 770 112 000 18 140
15.60 17.20 13.40 18.34 19.48
16.61 17.66 13.74 18.68 19.01
34 550 36 730 28 580 38 860 39 550
1Annual wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a "year-round, full-time" hours figure of 2,080 hours; for those occupations where there is not an hourly mean
wage published, the annual wage has been directly calculated from the reported survey data. . . . = Not available.
261
OCCUPATIONAL EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES
Table 3-3. Employment and Wages by Occupation, May 2003–May 2004—Continued (Number of persons, dollars.) May 2003 Occupational division and occupation
Employment
Median hourly wages
May 2004
Mean hourly wages
Mean annual wages1
Employment
Median hourly wages
Mean hourly wages
Mean annual wages1
Motorboat mechanics .......................................................................................................... Motorcycle mechanics ........................................................................................................ Outdoor power equipment and other small engine mechanics ........................................... Bicycle repairers ................................................................................................................. Recreational vehicle service technicians ............................................................................
18 890 13 690 24 740 6 870 12 520
14.02 13.29 11.93 9.63 13.11
14.63 14.06 12.46 9.99 13.83
30 420 29 250 25 920 20 780 28 770
17 680 15 920 25 170 7 750 12 340
14.74 13.70 11.98 9.71 13.93
15.16 14.61 12.66 9.90 14.73
31 530 30 380 26 340 20 580 30 630
Tire repairers and changers ................................................................................................ Mechanical door repairers .................................................................................................. Control and valve installers and repairers, except mechanical door ................................... Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers ................................. Home appliance repairers ...................................................................................................
82 340 10 860 37 840 212 200 37 510
10.02 14.24 20.45 16.90 14.37
10.72 15.75 20.34 17.69 15.17
22 300 32 760 42 310 36 790 31 550
87 110 10 470 37 260 225 630 40 300
10.01 15.38 21.01 17.43 15.47
10.75 16.92 20.83 18.30 16.00
22 350 35 190 43 320 38 060 33 280
Industrial machinery mechanics .......................................................................................... Maintenance and repair workers, general ........................................................................... Maintenance workers, machinery ....................................................................................... Millwrights ........................................................................................................................... Refractory materials repairers, except brickmasons ...........................................................
192 300 1 230 880 89 160 64 910 3 390
18.48 14.33 15.86 20.38 17.74
19.06 15.05 16.41 20.74 18.29
39 640 31 300 34 130 43 150 38 030
212 770 1 267 390 84 850 57 050 3 570
18.78 14.77 15.79 21.02 18.09
19.28 15.41 16.40 21.63 18.76
40 090 32 060 34 120 44 990 39 020
Electrical power-line installers and repairers ...................................................................... Telecommunications line installers and repairers ............................................................... Camera and photographic equipment repairers ................................................................. Medical equipment repairers ............................................................................................... Musical instrument repairers and tuners .............................................................................
95 190 148 060 4 640 23 500 5 550
23.54 19.01 15.01 18.25 13.89
22.82 19.02 15.81 18.91 16.10
47 460 39 560 32 890 39 330 33 490
101 760 144 080 3 830 23 750 5 290
23.61 19.39 15.54 17.90 13.47
22.91 19.55 16.29 18.72 14.88
47 640 40 660 33 880 38 930 30 950
Watch repairers ................................................................................................................... Precision instrument and equipment repairers, all other ..................................................... Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers ...................................... Commercial divers .............................................................................................................. Fabric menders, except garment ........................................................................................
3 700 ... 35 370 2 690 1 720
13.16 ... 13.36 16.48 12.70
14.68 ... 13.77 18.27 14.14
30 540 ... 28 650 38 000 29 410
3 450 13 500 37 230 2 230 2 150
13.87 21.25 13.47 16.94 15.62
15.23 21.64 13.95 18.66 15.60
31 670 45 000 29 020 38 820 32 440
Locksmiths and safe repairers ............................................................................................ Manufactured building and mobile home installers ............................................................. Riggers ................................................................................................................................ Signal and track switch repairers ........................................................................................ Helpers–installation, maintenance, and repair workers ...................................................... Installation, maintenance, and repair workers, all other ......................................................
19 340 13 160 12 550 8 680 148 890 ...
13.83 11.23 16.25 21.01 10.21 ...
14.68 11.65 17.07 21.32 11.25 ...
30 540 24 230 35 510 44 350 23 400 ...
15 540 12 150 12 480 7 780 157 310 137 650
14.60 11.23 16.98 21.43 10.25 16.23
15.30 11.64 17.55 21.73 11.18 17.23
31 830 24 210 36 500 45 210 23 250 35 830
Production Occupations First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating workers ............................... Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems assemblers ............................................ Coil winders, tapers, and finishers ...................................................................................... Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers ................................................................. Electromechanical equipment assemblers .........................................................................
705 270 26 150 33 590 245 700 54 690
21.02 18.60 11.48 11.28 12.52
22.45 18.23 12.17 12.20 13.09
46 690 37 920 25 320 25 380 27 230
696 750 18 710 27 360 217 360 51 370
21.51 17.79 12.24 11.68 12.71
22.96 18.02 12.69 12.63 13.29
47 760 37 470 26 400 26 270 27 650
Engine and other machine assemblers ............................................................................... Structural metal fabricators and fitters ................................................................................ Fiberglass laminators and fabricators ................................................................................. Team assemblers ............................................................................................................... Timing device assemblers, adjusters, and calibrators ........................................................
50 410 85 330 31 820 1 138 100 5 280
15.58 13.94 11.87 11.14 12.79
16.31 14.60 12.30 12.10 13.55
33 920 30 380 25 580 25 160 28 180
45 730 86 240 30 250 1 208 270 3 150
16.73 14.34 12.18 11.42 13.76
17.29 14.94 12.59 12.36 14.57
35 960 31 070 26 190 25 720 30 310
Assemblers and fabricators, all other .................................................................................. Bakers ................................................................................................................................. Butchers and meat cutters .................................................................................................. Meat, poultry, and fish cutters and trimmers ....................................................................... Slaughterers and meat packers ..........................................................................................
... 157 110 132 370 150 440 122 490
... 10.09 12.30 8.69 9.82
... 10.86 13.07 9.17 9.94
... 22 600 27 180 19 060 20 680
259 830 150 900 131 490 137 370 134 140
11.90 10.26 12.45 9.09 10.03
14.14 10.97 13.12 9.60 10.20
29 410 22 820 27 300 19 970 21 220
Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying machine operators and tenders ............... Food batchmakers .............................................................................................................. Food cooking machine operators and tenders .................................................................... Computer-controlled machine tool operators, metal and plastic ......................................... Numerical tool and process control programmers ..............................................................
17 800 74 650 34 480 126 150 17 820
11.89 10.53 10.31 14.14 18.43
12.79 11.24 10.99 14.74 19.24
26 600 23 390 22 860 30 650 40 020
18 110 85 010 41 810 124 330 17 310
11.46 10.62 10.02 14.75 19.31
12.12 11.34 10.72 15.22 20.27
25 210 23 590 22 290 31 650 42 160
Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic ........... Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic .................................. Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic ................................... Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic Drilling and boring machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic ...........
93 600 41 230 42 090 260 560 48 730
12.72 13.10 13.88 12.12 13.29
13.08 14.28 14.44 12.70 14.22
27 210 29 700 30 040 26 410 29 570
88 980 37 890 37 210 248 800 41 940
13.18 13.22 14.33 12.45 13.69
13.54 14.05 14.81 13.04 14.72
28 170 29 210 30 810 27 120 30 620
Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic ........................................................................................................... Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic ............ Milling and planing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic ................. Machinists ........................................................................................................................... Metal-refining furnace operators and tenders .....................................................................
97 660 70 300 28 580 368 740 17 810
12.80 14.57 14.48 15.91 15.24
13.83 15.04 14.91 16.30 15.65
28 770 31 290 31 020 33 900 32 550
98 770 70 230 30 280 361 280 17 150
13.19 15.04 14.91 16.33 15.74
14.10 15.47 15.16 16.73 16.13
29 330 32 190 31 530 34 790 33 560
1Annual
wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a "year-round, full-time" hours figure of 2,080 hours; for those occupations where there is not an hourly mean wage published, the annual wage has been directly calculated from the reported survey data. . . . = Not available.
262
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 3-3. Employment and Wages by Occupation, May 2003–May 2004—Continued (Number of persons, dollars.) May 2003 Occupational division and occupation
Employment
Median hourly wages
May 2004
Mean hourly wages
Mean annual wages1
Employment
Median hourly wages
Mean hourly wages
Mean annual wages1
Pourers and casters, metal ................................................................................................. Model makers, metal and plastic ........................................................................................ Patternmakers, metal and plastic ........................................................................................ Foundry mold and coremakers ........................................................................................... Molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic ............................................................................................................................
12 770 7 900 6 090 20 770
13.64 20.90 17.45 13.05
14.33 20.98 18.19 14.01
29 810 43 630 37 830 29 130
13 670 8 030 5 930 17 320
13.92 21.28 17.86 13.37
14.68 21.57 18.19 14.29
30 530 44 870 37 840 29 720
144 140
11.51
12.36
25 720
156 480
11.63
12.47
25 940
Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic ........................... Tool and die makers ........................................................................................................... Welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers ............................................................................ Welding, soldering, and brazing machine setters, operators, and tenders ......................... Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic .......................
100 320 104 210 354 300 53 750 27 290
13.97 20.67 14.25 13.99 13.63
15.20 21.10 15.06 15.18 14.39
31 620 43 900 31 330 31 580 29 930
97 060 99 390 344 970 47 210 25 690
14.06 20.55 14.72 14.32 14.26
14.88 21.19 15.41 15.39 14.73
30 960 44 070 32 050 32 020 30 630
Lay-out workers, metal and plastic ..................................................................................... Plating and coating machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic ................ Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners .................................................................................. Metal workers and plastic workers, all other ....................................................................... Bindery workers ..................................................................................................................
12 540 40 800 22 320 ... 81 840
15.37 12.34 14.22 ... 10.82
16.08 13.00 15.02 ... 11.81
33 450 27 030 31 250 ... 24 570
11 240 38 620 19 750 53 050 73 240
15.65 12.96 14.52 16.15 11.31
16.23 13.68 15.10 17.19 12.33
33 750 28 440 31 410 35 750 25 650
Bookbinders ........................................................................................................................ Job printers ......................................................................................................................... Prepress technicians and workers ...................................................................................... Printing machine operators ................................................................................................. Laundry and dry-cleaning workers ......................................................................................
6 550 54 790 82 970 189 900 217 820
13.87 14.83 15.22 14.11 8.14
14.74 15.65 15.95 14.93 8.64
30 660 32 560 33 170 31 050 17 960
7 160 56 770 76 190 184 230 218 610
13.71 15.41 15.30 14.38 8.28
14.58 16.23 16.08 15.26 8.74
30 320 33 750 33 450 31 740 18 170
Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials ................................................................ Sewing machine operators ................................................................................................. Shoe and leather workers and repairers ............................................................................. Shoe machine operators and tenders ................................................................................. Sewers, hand ......................................................................................................................
87 500 265 200 8 090 6 020 18 790
8.27 8.51 9.40 9.89 8.65
8.61 9.12 9.98 10.24 9.57
17 900 18 960 20 750 21 300 19 900
80 520 242 500 7 840 4 530 12 430
8.33 8.61 9.29 9.44 9.13
8.62 9.24 9.68 9.85 10.20
17 920 19 230 20 120 20 500 21 210
Tailors, dressmakers, and custom sewers .......................................................................... Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators and tenders ............................................ Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and tenders ..................................................... Textile knitting and weaving machine setters, operators, and tenders ............................... Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out machine setters, operators, and tenders ..........
32 150 24 280 32 170 47 720 60 550
10.51 10.30 9.87 11.37 10.62
11.62 10.56 10.47 11.42 11.08
24 170 21 960 21 770 23 740 23 040
27 180 21 480 25 320 45 320 53 490
10.79 10.56 9.80 11.48 10.87
11.76 10.96 10.44 11.47 11.41
24 450 22 790 21 700 23 850 23 740
Extruding and forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, synthetic and glass fibers ............................................................................................................................. Fabric and apparel patternmakers ...................................................................................... Upholsterers ........................................................................................................................ Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers, all other ............................................................. Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters ................................................................................
26 700 10 310 39 660 ... 126 350
13.55 13.72 12.18 ... 11.81
13.68 16.30 12.97 ... 12.56
28 460 33 910 26 980 ... 26 120
23 040 9 340 38 550 21 920 121 380
13.37 13.85 12.35 10.34 12.16
13.71 16.23 13.05 10.96 12.90
28 520 33 760 27 140 22 790 26 830
Furniture finishers ............................................................................................................... Model makers, wood ........................................................................................................... Patternmakers, wood .......................................................................................................... Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood ..................................................... Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders, except sawing .............................
28 770 3 820 3 470 55 130 89 410
11.13 12.24 14.25 10.65 10.76
11.82 14.19 14.93 11.12 11.28
24 590 29 520 31 060 23 130 23 470
25 770 3 210 2 500 56 500 88 870
11.35 12.94 14.88 10.91 10.93
12.11 14.82 15.74 11.35 11.43
25 190 30 820 32 750 23 600 23 780
Woodworkers, all other ....................................................................................................... Nuclear power reactor operators ........................................................................................ Power distributors and dispatchers ..................................................................................... Power plant operators ......................................................................................................... Stationary engineers and boiler operators ..........................................................................
... 3 710 10 270 33 250 48 880
... 29.72 26.45 24.45 20.87
... 29.99 26.73 24.15 21.32
... 62 380 55 590 50 220 44 340
12 190 4 300 8 290 33 350 46 870
10.16 30.81 27.56 25.26 21.22
10.94 30.71 28.03 25.02 21.66
22 760 63 880 58 300 52 030 45 060
Water and liquid waste treatment plant and system operators ........................................... Chemical plant and system operators ................................................................................. Gas plant operators ............................................................................................................ Petroleum pump system operators, refinery operators, and gaugers ................................. Plant and system operators, all other .................................................................................
95 870 56 270 11 180 40 980 ...
16.30 21.18 23.45 24.02 ...
16.89 21.10 23.53 22.97 ...
35 130 43 880 48 940 47 780 ...
92 120 59 980 10 670 42 300 14 930
16.81 21.55 24.36 24.27 20.10
17.32 21.61 24.36 23.44 20.14
36 030 44 940 50 660 48 760 41 900
Chemical equipment operators and tenders ....................................................................... Separating, filtering, clarifying, precipitating, and still machine setters, operators, and tenders .......................................................................................................................... Crushing, grinding, and polishing machine setters, operators, and tenders ....................... Grinding and polishing workers, hand ................................................................................. Mixing and blending machine setters, operators, and tenders ...........................................
59 720
18.62
18.75
39 000
48 450
18.69
18.94
39 390
37 360 43 320 43 910 106 610
15.25 12.96 11.10 13.43
15.99 13.57 12.03 13.94
33 260 28 230 25 030 28 990
38 000 42 600 44 210 119 320
15.98 12.96 11.28 13.51
16.49 13.70 12.03 14.06
34 290 28 490 25 030 29 240
Cutters and trimmers, hand ................................................................................................ Cutting and slicing machine setters, operators, and tenders .............................................. Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters, operators, and tenders ... Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators and tenders ............................................... Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers ..........................................................
30 110 70 960 73 990 30 320 497 300
10.79 12.53 13.05 13.95 13.34
12.01 13.06 13.84 14.63 14.65
24 980 27 170 28 780 30 430 30 470
28 780 73 250 73 970 29 750 495 430
10.59 12.82 13.20 14.29 13.66
11.60 13.46 13.88 15.08 15.00
24 120 27 990 28 880 31 360 31 210
1Annual
wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a "year-round, full-time" hours figure of 2,080 hours; for those occupations where there is not an hourly mean wage published, the annual wage has been directly calculated from the reported survey data. . . . = Not available.
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OCCUPATIONAL EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES
Table 3-3. Employment and Wages by Occupation, May 2003–May 2004—Continued (Number of persons, dollars.) May 2003 Occupational division and occupation
Employment
Median hourly wages
May 2004
Mean hourly wages
Mean annual wages1
Employment
Median hourly wages
Mean hourly wages
Mean annual wages1
Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers ................................................................ Dental laboratory technicians .............................................................................................. Medical appliance technicians ............................................................................................ Ophthalmic laboratory technicians ...................................................................................... Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders ........................................................
30 360 45 480 11 270 30 300 400 680
13.06 14.10 13.41 10.67 10.45
14.48 15.40 14.82 11.42 11.40
30 120 32 030 30 820 23 760 23 700
26 360 44 540 10 080 25 170 411 660
13.18 14.93 13.38 11.40 10.67
14.76 16.21 15.19 12.32 11.59
30 700 33 720 31 600 25 620 24 110
Coating, painting, and spraying machine setters, operators, and tenders .......................... Painters, transportation equipment ..................................................................................... Painting, coating, and decorating workers .......................................................................... Photographic process workers ............................................................................................ Photographic processing machine operators ......................................................................
93 110 46 600 29 590 27 170 54 750
12.37 16.39 10.41 9.79 9.11
13.06 17.56 11.36 11.19 10.14
27 160 36 520 23 640 23 280 21 100
96 510 49 810 26 990 31 610 53 350
12.64 16.89 10.95 9.63 9.33
13.25 18.17 12.01 11.07 10.26
27 550 37 800 24 970 23 010 21 340
Semiconductor processors ................................................................................................. Cementing and gluing machine operators and tenders ...................................................... Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling equipment operators and tenders .......................... Cooling and freezing equipment operators and tenders ..................................................... Etchers and engravers ........................................................................................................
50 160 25 390 17 590 7 920 8 800
13.29 11.24 11.07 10.31 10.69
14.14 11.98 11.99 11.46 11.94
29 410 24 920 24 950 23 830 24 840
44 440 24 630 16 860 8 790 8 490
13.85 11.57 11.18 10.96 11.33
14.46 12.34 12.15 12.18 12.59
30 070 25 660 25 270 25 340 26 180
Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic ................................................... Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders ....................................................... Tire builders ........................................................................................................................ Helpers–production workers ............................................................................................... Production workers, all other ..............................................................................................
37 600 109 600 14 830 452 70 0 ...
11.91 13.91 19.01 9.42 ...
12.70 14.29 17.59 10.09 ...
26 420 29 720 36 590 20 980 ...
37 930 109 560 17 960 480 430 299 950
11.58 14.63 17.50 9.70 11.38
12.51 15.01 17.38 10.35 13.47
26 020 31 220 36 150 21 530 28 010
Transportation and Material Moving Occupations Aircraft cargo handling supervisors ..................................................................................... First-line supervisors/managers of helpers, laborers, and material movers, hand ............. First-line supervisors/managers of transportation and material-moving machine and vehicle operators ........................................................................................................... Airline pilots, copilots, and flight engineers ......................................................................... Commercial pilots ...............................................................................................................
9 440 154 750
17.64 18.16
19.63 19.19
40 830 39 920
7 460 169 860
16.40 18.40
18.90 19.45
39 310 40 460
214 030 79 770 19 980
21.08
22.58
222 590 78 490 21 370
23.23
(2) (2)
46 960 129 880 57 950
21.54
(2) (2)
(2) (2)
(2) (2)
48 320 129 620 62 290
Air traffic controllers ............................................................................................................ Airfield operations specialists .............................................................................................. Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians ...................... Bus drivers, transit and intercity .......................................................................................... Bus drivers, school ..............................................................................................................
23 040 5 660 17 650 194 400 467 840
46.28 18.79 9.14 14.29 10.86
44.83 20.85 9.73 14.98 11.05
93 240 43 380 20 230 31 160 22 990
22 260 4 810 17 410 183 710 475 430
49.05 17.64 9.49 14.30 11.18
47.94 20.22 10.17 15.09 11.33
99 710 42 050 21 140 31 390 23 560
Driver/sales workers ........................................................................................................... Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer ............................................................................... Truck drivers, light or delivery services ............................................................................... Taxi drivers and chauffeurs ................................................................................................. Motor vehicle operators, all other ........................................................................................
380 120 1 528 630 943 840 131 570 ...
9.79 16.01 11.58 9.14 ...
11.38 16.51 12.76 10.22 ...
23 660 34 330 26 530 21 260 ...
406 910 1 553 370 938 730 132 650 85 520
9.66 16.11 11.80 9.41 9.45
11.36 16.63 12.88 10.34 11.04
23 620 34 580 26 790 21 510 22 960
Locomotive engineers ......................................................................................................... Locomotive firers ................................................................................................................. Rail yard engineers, dinkey operators, and hostlers ........................................................... Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators ...................................................................... Railroad conductors and yardmasters ................................................................................
30 450 680 5 680 13 850 34 720
22.11 22.75 18.01 21.59 21.31
24.60 21.67 19.30 23.10 24.36
51 160 45 080 40 140 48 040 50 670
31 180 620 6 170 16 410 35 720
24.30 21.56 17.70 21.46 22.28
26.29 22.23 18.41 23.03 25.28
54 680 46 230 38 280 47 900 52 580
Subway and streetcar operators ......................................................................................... Rail transportation workers, all other .................................................................................. Sailors and marine oilers .................................................................................................... Captains, mates, and pilots of water vessels ......................................................................
9 880 ... 27 570 24 040
22.97 ... 14.44 24.51
22.13 ... 15.36 25.50
46 020 ... 31 950 53 050
8 900 7 680 27 570 25 200
23.70 19.57 14.00 24.20
22.67 19.56 14.98 25.11
47 150 40 680 31 160 52 230
Motorboat operators ............................................................................................................ Ship engineers .................................................................................................................... Bridge and lock tenders ...................................................................................................... Parking lot attendants ......................................................................................................... Service station attendants ...................................................................................................
3 680 8 900 3 270 113 490 96 250
12.51 26.01 17.97 8.00 8.11
14.71 26.39 16.93 8.50 8.71
30 590 54 900 35 220 17 670 18 110
2 830 10 330 3 500 120 080 90 640
15.39 26.42 17.98 8.08 8.29
16.25 27.80 17.05 8.48 8.92
33 790 57 830 35 460 17 650 18 560
Traffic technicians ............................................................................................................... Transportation inspectors ................................................................................................... Transportation workers, all other ........................................................................................ Conveyor operators and tenders ........................................................................................ Crane and tower operators .................................................................................................
6 460 27 890 ... 58 780 47 420
16.15 23.84 ... 11.87 17.86
16.85 23.67 ... 12.56 18.73
35 040 49 240 ... 26 120 38 950
6 240 24 140 51 850 54 380 43 570
16.19 24.22 15.47 12.23 17.99
17.11 24.89 16.11 12.85 18.81
35 600 51 780 33 510 26 720 39 130
1Annual
wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a "year-round, full-time" hours figure of 2,080 hours; for those occupations where there is not an hourly mean wage published, the annual wage has been directly calculated from the reported survey data. wage rates for occupations where workers typically work fewer than 2,080 hours per year are not available. . . . = Not available. 2Hourly
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Table 3-3. Employment and Wages by Occupation, May 2003–May 2004—Continued (Number of persons, dollars.) May 2003 Occupational division and occupation
Employment
Median hourly wages
May 2004
Mean hourly wages
Mean annual wages1
Employment
Median hourly wages
Mean hourly wages
Mean annual wages1
Dredge operators ................................................................................................................ Excavating and loading machine and dragline operators ................................................... Loading machine operators, underground mining .............................................................. Hoist and winch operators .................................................................................................. Industrial truck and tractor operators ..................................................................................
3 030 68 740 3 560 8 560 604 350
13.37 15.46 15.46 15.40 12.68
14.17 16.59 15.64 17.78 13.46
29 470 34 520 32 530 36 990 27 990
1 730 67 080 3 330 5 550 631 530
13.47 15.37 15.98 16.19 12.78
14.43 16.40 16.34 18.65 13.57
30 010 34 120 34 000 38 790 28 230
Cleaners of vehicles and equipment ................................................................................... Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand ..................................................... Machine feeders and offbearers ......................................................................................... Packers and packagers, hand ............................................................................................ Gas compressor and gas pumping station operators .........................................................
320 840 2 255 780 159 160 901 890 6 190
8.27 9.58 10.57 8.14 20.97
9.15 10.41 11.27 8.85 21.20
19 030 21 650 23 430 18 410 44 100
330 520 2 390 910 149 500 872 260 4 680
8.41 9.67 10.68 8.25 21.07
9.33 10.53 11.31 8.97 21.56
19 400 21 910 23 530 18 660 44 850
Pump operators, except wellhead pumpers ........................................................................ Wellhead pumpers .............................................................................................................. Refuse and recyclable material collectors .......................................................................... Shuttle car operators ........................................................................................................... Tank car, truck, and ship loaders ........................................................................................ Material moving workers, all other ......................................................................................
12 260 8 560 138 480 3 040 16 210 ...
18.00 14.89 11.56 18.79 15.90 ...
18.60 15.73 12.51 18.17 17.13 ...
38 680 32 720 26 030 37 800 35 630 ...
9 810 10 040 139 920 3 000 16 530 57 390
17.04 16.31 12.38 18.08 15.59 13.87
17.79 16.33 13.37 17.58 16.44 15.29
37 000 33 960 27 810 36 570 34 190 31 800
1Annual
wages have been calculated by multiplying the hourly mean wage by a "year-round, full-time" hours figure of 2,080 hours; for those occupations where there is not an hourly mean wage published, the annual wage has been directly calculated from the reported survey data. . . . = Not available.
PART FOUR PROJECTIONS OF LABOR FORCE AND EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION
PROJECTIONS OF LABOR FORCE AND EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION HIGHLIGHTS The Bureau of Labor Statistics develops projections for industry output, employment, and occupations every two years. The next publication date is scheduled for 2006. This part presents the employment outlook for 2002–2012. Its projections are based on asset of explicit assumptions and application of a model of economic relationships.
Percent Change and Projected Percent Change in the Labor Force, 1992–2002 and 2002–2012 60.0 50.0
1992–2002 2002–2012
Percent
40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 Total, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Age
The total labor force is expected to grow slowly from 2002-2012, with a 12 percent (1.2 percent per year) overall gain. A growth of 9 percent, or less than 1 percent per year, is projected for the 16–24 age group. The expectation of a near 50 percent increase (4.1 percent per year) in the 55 and older age group reflects the aging of the baby boomer population. (Table 4-1) OTHER HIGHLIGHTS: • Although the Asian labor force is still relatively small, comprising only 4.1 percent of the total labor force in 2000, rapid growth of 50.8 percent is expected between 2002 and 2012. The labor force for Blacks is projected to increase by 19.3 percent; for Whites, the gain is projected at 8.5 percent. (Table 4-1) • Hispanic labor force growth is expected to be slower than in the previous decade; however, a 32.6 percent growth is still projected. (Table 4-1) • The labor force of women is projected to continue increasing faster (14.3 percent) than that of men (10.0 percent). (Table 4-1)
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HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
NOTES AND DEFINITIONS Concepts, Definitions, and Procedures Long-term projections of likely employment conditions in the U.S. economy have been developed by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) since 1957. These projections cover the future size and composition of the labor force, the aggregate economy, detailed estimates of industrial production, and industrial and occupational employment. The resulting data serve many users who need information on likely patterns of economic growth and their possible effects on employment. Beginning with the projections for 1996–2006, projections have been developed for a 10-year period and published every two years. This is the first set of BLS projections that use the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). To carry out the projection process, the BLS makes many underlying assumptions concerning general economic and social conditions. It then sets ranges of acceptability for the key results of the various stages of the projection process. Projecting employment in industry and occupational detail requires an integrated projection of the total economy and its various sectors. BLS projections are developed in a series of six steps, each of which is based on separate projections procedures and models and various related assumptions. The six steps or analytical phases are: (1) labor force, (2) aggregate economy, (3) final demand (GDP) by sector and product, (4) inter-industry relationships (input-output), (5) industry output and employment, and (6) occupational employment. Each phase is solved separately, with the results of each used as input for the next phase, and with some results feeding back to earlier steps. In each phase, many iterations are made to ensure internal consistency as assumptions and results are reviewed and revised. Labor force projections are determined by projections of the future age, sex, and racial composition of the population and by trends in labor force participation rates—the percent of the specified group in the population who will be working or seeking work. The population projections, prepared by the U.S. Census Bureau, are based on trends in birth rates, death rates, and net migration. With the population projections in hand, BLS analyzes and projects changes in labor force participation rates for more than 130 age, sex, and race or Hispanic origin groups. Projections of labor force participation rates for each group are first developed by estimating a trend rate of change based on participation rate behavior during the prior eight-year period. Second, the rate is modified when the time-series projections for the specific group appear inconsistent with the results of cross-sectional and cohort analyses. This second step ensures consistency in the pro-
jections across various groups. Finally, the size of the labor force is derived by applying the participation rates to the population projections. The results are again reviewed for consistency. Aggregate economic performance—the second phase of the BLS projections process—develops projections of the gross domestic product (GDP) and major categories of demand and income. These results provide control totals that are consistent with each other and with the various assumptions and conditions of the projection scenario. The values generated for each demand sector and subsector are then used in the next phase to develop detailed projections for personal consumption, business investment, foreign trade, and government. These projections are accomplished using a macroeconomic model. The model consists of sets of equations that intercorrelate various aspects of the economy. It provides internally consistent, moderately detailed projections for each set of given assumptions and goals. The 2002–2012 projections were based upon a long-term macro model developed by DRI-WEFA, Inc. This model has approximately 1,300 equations, which determine factors affecting growth in the U.S. economy. This model is driven by a set of about 300 exogenous variables, which are specified by BLS. Final demand. The BLS projection then proceeds from the aggregate to the industrial level. For the industry output projections, the economy is disaggregated into about 190 producing sectors that cover the public and private U.S. industrial structure. The framework for this procedure is an input-output model. The initial input-output data used by BLS are prepared by the Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce. The development of projections of industry output begins with aggregate demand projections from the DRI-WEFA model. In this model, projections are made for 27 major categories of consumption, 15 categories of investment, 19 end-use categories of foreign trade, and 13 categories of government spending. A further disaggregation of the values from the model is then undertaken. (For example, personal consumption expenditures are estimated for 158 detailed categories). Provision is made to allow for shifts in the commodity makeup of a given demand category. This is accomplished by projecting “bridge tables” relating individual types of demand to the actual industries supplying the goods. The bridge table is a percent distribution for each given demand category—such as the personal consumption or investment category—among each of the sectors in the BLS input-output model. In projecting changes in these bridge tables, expected changes in technology, consumer
PROJECTIONS OF LABOR FORCE AND EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION
tastes or buying patterns, the commodity pattern of exports and imports, the future composition of business investment, and other structural factors are considered. Input-output. The next stage in the projections process is the estimation of the intermediate flow of goods and services required to produce the projected GDP. Only final sales are counted in the GDP to avoid repeated counting of intermediate inputs. However, an industry’s total employment depends on its total output, whether sold to another industry or used as a final good. The total output of each industry is projected using an inter-industry or input-output model. This model mathematically solves for all levels of intermediate inputs given industry relationships and final demand. The BLS input-output model consists of two basic matrices for each year, a “use” and a “make” table. The principal table is the “use” table. This table shows the purchase of commodities by each industry as inputs into its production process. This table’s projections must take into account changes in the input pattern, or the way in which goods or services are produced by each industry. In general, two types of changes in these input patterns are made in developing a future input-output table: (a) Those made to the inputs of a specific industry (as, for example, the changes in inputs in the publishing industry); and (b) those made to the inputs of a specific commodity in all or most industries (such as the increased use of business services across a wide spectrum of industries). The “make” table shows the commodity output of each industry. It allocates commodity output to each one’s primary industry and to all other industries where the commodity is produced as a secondary product. The “use” table is the basis for the direct requirements table of coefficients showing the inputs required to produce one dollar of that industry’s output. The “make” table is used to create a “market shares” table, which shows the values of the “make” table as coefficients. The coefficient tables are used to calculate the total requirements tables, which show the direct and indirect requirements to produce a dollar’s worth of final demand. Projection tables are based on historical tables and on studies of specific industries. Industry Employment. The projected level of industry employment is based on the projected levels of industry output as well as other factors, such as expected technological changes and their impact on labor productivity. After the initial industry output is calculated, employment is derived from a model of the industry-level employment requirements. The employment projections by industry are constrained by the requirement that they sum to the aggregate employment level as determined by the aggregate projections. Employment for wage and salary workers is based on the Current Employment Statistics (payroll) survey, which counts jobs. The self-employed, unpaid family worker, agricultural, and private household data are based on the Current Population Survey (household survey), which counts workers. Therefore, employment
269
totals for historical periods differ from BLS’s official employment estimates. Employment by Occupation. The model used to develop the occupational employment projections is an industryoccupation matrix showing the distribution of employment for 262 industries and 695 detailed occupations for the years 2002–2012. Occupational staffing patterns for the industries are based on data collected by state employment security agencies. These data are analyzed by the BLS and reflect the 2000 standard occupational classification system. The titles and content of major occupational groups and many detailed occupations are substantially different from those used in previous projections. Staffing patterns of industries in the base-year industryoccupation matrix are projected to the target year to account for expected advances to occur in technology, shifts in production mix, and other factors. For example, one would expect greater employment of computer specialists as computer technology spreads across industries. In projecting the staffing patterns, the changes introduced into the input-output model for expected change are also analyzed to account for the impact of technological change on future occupational staffing patterns of industries. The projected industry total employment data are applied to the projected industry staffing patterns, yielding employment by occupation for each industry. These data are aggregated across all industries to yield total occupational employment for the projected year. Final Review. An important element of the projection system is its comprehensive structure. To ensure the internal consistency of this large structure, the BLS procedure encompasses detailed review and analysis of the results at each stage for reasonableness and for consistency with results from other stages of the BLS projections. The final results reflect innumerable interactions among staff members who focus on particular variables in the model. This review enables BLS’s projection process to converge to an internally consistent set of employment projections across a substantial number of industries and occupations. Sources of Additional Information A complete presentation of the projections including analysis of results and additional tables and a comprehensive description of the methodology is found in the Monthly Labor Review, February 2004. A more detailed description of methods is contained in the BLS Handbook of Methods, Chapter 13, BLS Bulletin 2490, April 1997, and BLS Bulletin 2572, Occupational Projections and Training Data, August 2004. Once the target year is reached, BLS evaluates the projections. An article assessing the year 2000 projections appears in Occupational Outlook Quarterly, Spring 2003.
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Table 4-1. Civilian Labor Force by Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin, 1982, 1992, 2002, and Projected 2012 (Number, percent.) Level (thousands)
Change (thousands)
Percent change
2002 Age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin 1982
TOTAL, 16 YEARS AND OVER ........................................ 110 204
1992
1990 census weights
2000 census weights
2012
1982–1992 1992–2002 2002–2012 1982–1992 1992–2002 2002–2012
128 105
142 534
144 863
162 269
17 901
14 429
17 406
16.2
11.3
12.0
16 to 24 years .................................................................... 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 20 to 24 years ............................................................... 25 to 54 years .................................................................... 25 to 34 years ................................................................ 35 to 44 years ................................................................ 45 to 54 years ................................................................ 55 years and over ............................................................. 55 to 64 years ................................................................ 65 years and over .......................................................... 65 to 74 years ............................................................ 75 years and over ......................................................
24 608 8 526 16 082 70 506 31 186 22 431 16 889 15 092 12 062 3 030 2 566 464
21 617 7 096 14 521 91 429 35 369 33 899 22 160 15 060 11 587 3 473 2 932 542
22 425 7 723 14 702 99 865 30 831 36 998 32 036 20 244 15 863 4 381 3 593 789
22 366 7 586 14 780 101 720 32 196 36 927 32 597 20 777 16 308 4 469 3 665 804
24 377 7 636 16 740 106 866 35 406 34 434 37 026 31 026 24 616 6 410 5 411 1 000
-2 991 -1 430 -1 561 20 923 4 183 11 468 5 271 -32 -475 443 366 78
808 627 181 8 436 -4 538 3 099 9 876 5 184 4 276 908 661 247
2 011 50 1 960 5 146 3 210 -2 493 4 429 10 249 8 308 1 941 1 746 196
-12.2 -16.8 -9.7 29.7 13.4 51.1 31.2 -0.2 -3.9 14.6 14.3 16.8
3.7 8.8 1.2 9.2 -12.8 9.1 44.6 34.4 36.9 26.2 22.5 45.5
9.0 0.7 13.3 5.1 10.0 -6.8 13.6 49.3 50.9 43.4 47.6 24.3
Men, 16 Years and Over .................................................. 16 to 24 years .................................................................... 16 to 19 years ................................................................ 20 to 24 years ................................................................ 25 to 54 years .................................................................... 25 to 34 years ................................................................ 35 to 44 years ................................................................ 45 to 54 years ................................................................ 55 years and over .............................................................. 55 to 64 years ................................................................ 65 years and over .......................................................... 65 to 74 years ............................................................ 75 years and over ......................................................
62 450 13 074 4 470 8 604 40 357 17 793 12 781 9 784 9 019 7 174 1 845 1 548 297
69 964 11 521 3 751 7 770 49 882 19 495 18 347 12 040 8 561 6 551 2 010 1 681 329
76 052 11 619 3 926 7 693 53 439 16 635 19 946 16 858 10 995 8 486 2 509 2 045 464
77 500 11 639 3 870 7 769 54 568 17 596 19 829 17 143 11 293 8 750 2 543 2 079 464
85 252 12 461 3 791 8 670 56 435 19 069 18 244 19 122 16 356 12 714 3 641 3 077 564
7 514 -1 553 -719 -834 9 525 1 702 5 566 2 256 -458 -623 165 133 32
6 088 98 175 -77 3 557 -2 860 1 599 4 818 2 434 1 935 499 364 135
7 751 822 -79 901 1 866 1 473 -1 585 1 978 5 063 3 964 1 098 998 100
12.0 -11.9 -16.1 -9.7 23.6 9.6 43.5 23.1 -5.1 -8.7 8.9 8.6 10.8
8.7 0.8 4.7 -1.0 7.1 -14.7 8.7 40.0 28.4 29.5 24.8 21.6 41.1
10.0 7.1 -2.0 11.6 3.4 8.4 -8.0 11.5 44.8 45.3 43.2 48.0 21.6
Women, 16 Years and Over ............................................. 16 to 24 years .................................................................... 16 to 19 years ................................................................ 20 to 24 years ................................................................ 25 to 54 years .................................................................... 25 to 34 years ................................................................ 35 to 44 years ................................................................ 45 to 54 years ................................................................ 55 years and over .............................................................. 55 to 64 years ................................................................ 65 years and over .......................................................... 65 to 74 years ............................................................ 75 years and over ......................................................
47 755 11 533 4 056 7 477 30 149 13 393 9 651 7 105 6 073 4 888 1 185 1 018 167
58 141 10 096 3 345 6 750 41 547 15 875 15 552 10 120 6 499 5 035 1 464 1 251 213
66 481 10 806 3 797 7 009 46 426 14 196 17 052 15 178 9 250 7 377 1 873 1 548 325
67 363 10 727 3 716 7 011 47 152 14 600 17 098 15 454 9 485 7 558 1 927 1 586 340
77 017 11 916 3 845 8 070 50 431 16 337 16 189 17 905 14 671 11 902 2 769 2 333 436
10 386 -1 437 -711 -727 11 398 2 482 5 901 3 015 426 147 279 233 46
8 340 710 452 259 4 879 -1 679 1 500 5 058 2 751 2 342 409 297 112
9 654 1 189 129 1 059 3 279 1 737 -909 2 451 5 186 4 344 842 747 96
21.7 -12.5 -17.5 -9.7 37.8 18.5 61.1 42.4 7.0 3.0 23.5 22.9 27.5
14.3 7.0 13.5 3.8 11.7 -10.6 9.6 50.0 42.3 46.5 27.9 23.7 52.4
14.3 11.1 3.5 15.1 7.0 11.9 -5.3 15.9 54.7 57.5 43.7 47.1 28.1
White, 16 Years and Over ................................................ Men .................................................................................... Women ..............................................................................
96 143 55 133 41 010
108 837 60 168 48 669
118 569 64 241 54 328
120 150 65 308 54 842
130 358 70 592 59 766
12 694 5 035 7 659
9 732 5 284 4 924
10 208 6 291 5 924
13.2 9.1 18.7
8.9 6.8 11.6
8.5 8.1 9.0
Black, 16 Years and Over ................................................ Men ................................................................................... Women ..............................................................................
11 331 5 804 5 527
14 162 6 997 7 166
16 834 7 745 9 089
16 564 7 793 8 771
19 765 9 318 10 447
2 831 1 193 1 639
2 672 748 1 923
3 201 1 525 1 676
25.0 20.6 29.7
18.9 10.7 26.8
19.3 19.6 19.1
Asian, 16 Years and Over 1 ............................................. Men .................................................................................... Women ..............................................................................
2 770 1 513 1 257
5 109 2 800 2 309
7 130 3 839 3 291
5 949 3 215 2 734
8 971 4 941 4 030
2 339 1 287 1 052
2 021 1 039 982
3 022 1 726 1 296
84.4 85.1 83.7
39.6 37.1 42.5
50.8 53.7 47.4
All Other Groups, 16 Years and Over 2 .......................... Men ................................................................................... Women ..............................................................................
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
2 200 1 189 1 011
3 175 1 732 1 443
... ... ...
... ... ...
975 543 432
... ... ...
... ... ...
44.3 45.7 42.7
Hispanic Origin, 16 Years and Over ............................... Men ................................................................................... Women ..............................................................................
6 734 4 148 2 586
16 200 9 273 6 927
16 200 9 273 6 927
17 942 10 609 7 332
23 785 13 674 10 111
4 604 2 752 1 853
4 862 2 373 2 488
5 843 3 065 2 779
68.4 66.3 71.7
42.9 34.4 56.0
32.6 28.9 37.9
Other Than Hispanic Origin, 16 Years and Over ........... 103 470 Men ................................................................................... 58 302 Women .............................................................................. 45 169
116 767 63 064 53 702
126 334 66 779 59 555
126 921 66 891 60 031
138 484 71 577 66 906
13 297 4 762 8 533
9 567 3 715 5 853
11 562 4 686 6 875
12.9 8.2 18.9
8.2 5.9 10.9
9.1 7.0 11.5
98 724 53 984 44 740
103 360 55 489 47 871
103 348 55 340 48 008
106 237 56 849 49 388
9 094 2 862 6 232
4 636 1 505 3 130
2 889 1 509 1 380
10.1 5.6 16.2
4.7 2.8 7.0
2.8 2.7 2.9
White Non-Hispanic, 16 Years and Over ........................ Men ................................................................................... Women .............................................................................. 1Data
89 630 51 121 38 508
for 1982 and 1992 represent the "Asian and other" category with 1990 census weights. Data for 2002 with 1990 census weights represent the "Asian and other" category. Data for 2002 represent the "Asian only" category with 2000 census weights. Data for 2012 represent the "Asian only" category with 2000 census weights. "All other groups" category includes those reporting the racial categories of (1a) American Indian and Alaska Native or (1b) Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islanders and those reporting two or more races. The category was not defined prior to 2003. Data for 2002 were calculated by BLS. . . . = Not available. 2The
271
PROJECTIONS OF LABOR FORCE AND EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION
Table 4-1. Civilian Labor Force by Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin, 1982, 1992, 2002, and Projected 2012—Continued (Number, percent.) Percent distribution
Annual growth rate (percent)
2002
Age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin 1982
1992
1990 census 2000 census weights weights
2012
1982–1992
1992–2002
2002–2012
TOTAL, 16 YEARS AND OVER ..................................................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
1.5
1.1
1.1
16 to 24 years .............................................................................................. 16 to 19 years ......................................................................................... 20 to 24 years ......................................................................................... 25 to 54 years .............................................................................................. 25 to 34 years .......................................................................................... 35 to 44 years .......................................................................................... 45 to 54 years .......................................................................................... 55 years and over ....................................................................................... 55 to 64 years .......................................................................................... 65 years and over .................................................................................... 65 to 74 years ...................................................................................... 75 years and over ................................................................................
22.3 7.7 14.6 64.0 28.3 20.4 15.3 13.7 10.9 2.7 2.3 0.4
16.9 5.5 11.3 71.4 27.6 26.5 17.3 11.8 9.0 2.7 2.3 0.4
15.7 5.4 10.3 70.1 21.6 26.0 22.5 14.2 11.1 3.1 2.5 0.6
15.4 5.2 10.2 70.2 22.2 25.5 22.5 14.3 11.3 3.1 2.5 0.6
15.0 4.7 10.3 65.9 21.8 21.2 22.8 19.1 15.2 4.0 3.3 0.6
-1.3 -1.8 -1.0 2.6 1.3 4.2 2.8 0.0 -0.4 1.4 1.3 1.6
0.4 0.9 0.1 0.9 -1.4 0.9 3.8 3.0 3.2 2.4 2.1 3.8
0.9 0.1 1.3 0.5 1.0 -0.7 1.3 4.1 4.2 3.7 4.0 2.2
Men, 16 Years and Over ............................................................................ 16 to 24 years .............................................................................................. 16 to 19 years .......................................................................................... 20 to 24 years .......................................................................................... 25 to 54 years .............................................................................................. 25 to 34 years .......................................................................................... 35 to 44 years .......................................................................................... 45 to 54 years .......................................................................................... 55 years and over ........................................................................................ 55 to 64 years .......................................................................................... 65 years and over .................................................................................... 65 to 74 years ...................................................................................... 75 years and over ................................................................................
56.7 11.9 4.1 7.8 36.6 16.1 11.6 8.9 8.2 6.5 1.7 1.4 0.3
54.6 9.0 2.9 6.1 38.9 15.2 14.3 9.4 6.7 5.1 1.6 1.3 0.3
53.4 8.2 2.8 5.4 37.5 11.7 14.0 11.8 7.7 6.0 1.8 1.4 0.3
53.5 8.0 2.7 5.4 37.7 12.1 13.7 11.8 7.8 6.0 1.8 1.4 0.3
52.5 7.7 2.3 5.3 34.8 11.8 11.2 11.8 10.1 7.8 2.2 1.9 0.3
1.1 -1.3 -1.7 -1.0 2.1 0.9 3.7 2.1 -0.5 -0.9 0.9 0.8 1.0
0.8 0.1 0.5 -0.1 0.7 -1.6 0.8 3.4 2.5 2.6 2.2 2.0 3.5
1.0 0.7 -0.2 1.1 0.3 0.8 -0.8 1.1 3.8 3.8 3.7 4.0 2.0
Women, 16 Years and Over ....................................................................... 16 to 24 years .............................................................................................. 16 to 19 years .......................................................................................... 20 to 24 years .......................................................................................... 25 to 54 years .............................................................................................. 25 to 34 years .......................................................................................... 35 to 44 years .......................................................................................... 45 to 54 years .......................................................................................... 55 years and over ........................................................................................ 55 to 64 years .......................................................................................... 65 years and over .................................................................................... 65 to 74 years ...................................................................................... 75 years and over ................................................................................
43.3 10.5 3.7 6.8 27.4 12.2 8.8 6.4 5.5 4.4 1.1 0.9 0.2
45.4 7.9 2.6 5.3 32.4 12.4 12.1 7.9 5.1 3.9 1.1 1.0 0.2
46.6 7.6 2.7 4.9 32.6 10.0 12.0 10.6 6.5 5.2 1.3 1.1 0.2
46.5 7.4 2.6 4.8 32.5 10.1 11.8 10.7 6.5 5.2 1.3 1.1 0.2
47.5 7.3 2.4 5.0 31.1 10.1 10.0 11.0 9.0 7.3 1.7 1.4 0.3
2.0 -1.3 -1.9 -1.0 3.3 1.7 4.9 3.6 0.7 0.3 2.1 2.1 2.5
1.3 0.7 1.3 0.4 1.1 -1.1 0.9 4.1 3.6 3.9 2.5 2.2 4.3
1.3 1.1 0.3 1.4 0.7 1.1 -0.5 1.5 4.5 4.6 3.7 3.9 2.5
White, 16 Years and Over .......................................................................... Men .............................................................................................................. Women ........................................................................................................
87.2 50.0 37.2
85.0 47.0 38.0
83.2 45.1 38.1
82.9 45.1 37.9
80.3 43.5 36.8
1.2 0.9 1.7
0.9 0.7 1.1
0.8 0.8 0.9
Black, 16 Years and Over .......................................................................... Men ............................................................................................................. Women ........................................................................................................
10.3 5.3 5.0
11.1 5.5 5.6
11.8 5.4 6.4
11.4 5.4 6.1
12.2 5.7 6.4
2.3 1.9 2.6
1.7 1.0 2.4
1.8 1.8 1.8
Asian, 16 Years and Over 1 ........................................................................ Men .............................................................................................................. Women ........................................................................................................
2.5 1.4 1.1
4.0 2.2 1.8
5.0 2.7 2.3
4.1 2.2 1.9
5.5 3.0 2.5
6.3 6.3 6.3
3.4 3.2 3.6
4.2 4.4 4.0
All Other Groups, 16 Years and Over 2 .................................................... Men ............................................................................................................. Women ........................................................................................................
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
1.5 0.8 0.7
2.0 1.1 0.9
... ... ...
... ... ...
3.7 3.8 3.6
Hispanic Origin, 16 Years and Over ......................................................... Men ............................................................................................................. Women ........................................................................................................
6.1 3.8 2.3
8.9 5.4 3.5
11.4 6.5 4.9
12.4 7.3 5.1
14.7 8.4 6.2
5.3 5.2 5.6
3.6 3.0 4.5
2.9 2.6 3.3
Other Than Hispanic Origin, 16 Years and Over ..................................... Men ............................................................................................................. Women ........................................................................................................
93.9 52.9 41.0
91.1 49.2 41.9
88.6 46.9 41.8
87.6 46.2 41.4
85.3 44.1 41.2
1.2 0.8 1.7
0.8 0.6 1.0
0.9 0.7 1.1
White Non-Hispanic, 16 Years and Over .................................................. Men ............................................................................................................. Women ........................................................................................................
81.3 46.4 34.9
77.1 42.1 34.9
72.5 38.9 33.6
71.3 38.2 33.1
65.5 35.0 30.4
1.0 0.5 1.5
0.5 0.3 0.7
0.3 0.3 0.3
1Data for 1982 and 1992 represent the "Asian and other" category with 1990 census weights. Data for 2002 with 1990 census weights represent the "Asian and other" category. Data for 2002
represent the "Asian only" category with 2000 census weights. Data for 2012 represent the "Asian only" category with 2000 census weights. 2The "All other groups" category includes those reporting the racial categories of (1a) American Indian and Alaska Native or (1b) Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islanders and those
reporting two or more races. The category was not defined prior to 2003. Data for 2002 were calculated by BLS. . . . = Not available.
PROJECTIONS OF LABOR FORCE AND EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION
273
PROJECTED EMPLOYMENT
The 10 Fastest Growing Occupations, 2002-2012 (Percent Change) Medical assistants Network systems and data communications Physician assistants
Occupation
Social and human service assistants Home health aides Medical records and health information technicians Physical therapists aides Computer software engineers, applications Computer software engineers, systems software Physical therapist assistants 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Percent Change
Only 3 of the 10 fastest-growing occupations are directly associated with computers. Six others are related to medical services and one, social and human services assistants, is more general. (Table 4-2) OTHER HIGHLIGHTS: • Of the 30 fastest-growing occupations, more than half require an associate’s degree or higher. (Table 4-2) • The fastest-growing occupations are not necessarily the ones projected to supply the largest number of additional jobs. Of the 10 occupations with the greatest job growth, only three (registered nurses, postsecondary teachers and general and operations managers) are in the professional category. None are associated with computers. Most jobs are in lower-level wage occupations such as food preparation and nursing aides. (Table 4-6) • Three of the industries with the fastest-growing projected wage and salary employment are computer-related. None of the industries projected to provide the largest increase in the number of jobs are computer related. The largest are retail trade, state and local governments, and service providers. (Table 4-5) • Total job openings result from growth and net replacement. Of the nearly 56 million positions available, almost twothirds, or 35 million, are projected to be replacements. (Table 4-6) • Employment in the two largest occupational groups of 2002, professional and related occupations and service occupations, will increase the most quickly and provide the most jobs. These two major groups, the respective highest and lowest in educational requirements and earnings, are expected to provide more than half of the total job growth from 2002 to 2003. (Table 4-6)
274
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 4-2. Fastest Growing Occupations, 2002–2012 (Number, percent.) Employment
Change
Occupation 2002
2012
Number
Percent
Quartile rank by 2002 median annual earnings 1
Most significant source of postsecondary education or training 2
Medical assistants .................................................................................. Network systems and data communications ........................................... Physician assistants ............................................................................... Social and human service assistants ..................................................... Home health aides .................................................................................
365 186 63 305 580
579 292 94 454 859
215 106 31 149 279
59 57 49 49 48
3 1 1 3 4
Moderate-term on-the-job training Bachelor’s degree Bachelor’s degree Moderate-term on-the-job training Short-term on-the-job training
Medical records and health information technicians ............................... Physical therapist aides .......................................................................... Computer software engineers, applications ............................................ Computer software engineers, systems software ................................... Physical therapist assistants ..................................................................
147 37 394 281 50
216 54 573 409 73
69 17 179 128 22
47 46 46 45 45
3 3 1 1 2
Associate’s degree Short-term on-the-job training Bachelor’s degree Bachelor’s degree Associate’s degree
Fitness trainers and aerobics instructors ................................................ Database administrators ........................................................................ Veterinary technologists and technicians ............................................... Hazardous materials removal workers ................................................... Dental hygienists ....................................................................................
183 110 53 38 148
264 159 76 54 212
81 49 23 16 64
44 44 44 43 43
3 1 3 2 1
Postsecondary vocational award Bachelor’s degree Associate’s degree Moderate-term on-the-job training Associate’s degree
Occupational therapist aides .................................................................. Dental assistants .................................................................................... Personal and home care aides ............................................................... Self-enrichment education teachers ....................................................... Computer systems analysts ...................................................................
8 266 608 200 468
12 379 854 281 653
4 113 246 80 184
43 42 40 40 39
3 3 4 2 1
Short-term on-the-job training Moderate-term on-the-job training Short-term on-the-job training Work experience in a related occupation Bachelor’s degree
Occupational therapist assistants ........................................................... Environmental engineers ........................................................................ Postsecondary teachers ......................................................................... Network and computer systems administrators ...................................... Environmental science and protection technicians, including health ......
18 47 1 581 251 28
26 65 2 184 345 38
7 18 603 94 10
39 38 38 37 37
2 1 1 1 2
Associate’s degree Bachelor’s degree Doctoral degree Bachelor’s degree Associate’s degree
Preschool teachers, except special education ........................................ Computer and information systems managers ........................................ Physical therapists ................................................................................. Occupational therapists .......................................................................... Respiratory therapists ............................................................................
424 284 137 82 86
577 387 185 110 116
153 103 48 29 30
36 36 35 35 35
4 1 1 1 2
Postsecondary vocational award Bachelor’s or higher degree, plus work experience Master’s degree Bachelor’s degree Associate’s degree
1The
quartile rankings of Occupational Employment Statistics annual earnings data are presented in the following categories: 1 = very high ($41,820 and over), 2 = high ($27,500 to $41,780), 3 = low ($19,710 to $27,380), and 4 = very low (up to $19,600.) The rankings were based on quartiles using one-fourth of total employment to define each quartile. Earnings are for wage and salary workers. 2An occupation is placed into one of 11 categories that best describes the education or training needed by most workers to become fully qualified.
PROJECTIONS OF LABOR FORCE AND EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION
275
Table 4-3. Industries with the Largest Output Growth and Declines, 2000–2012 (Dollars, percent.) Billions of chained 1996 dollars Industry description
Change 2000–2012 2000
2012
Average annual rate of change 2000–2012
LARGEST GROWTH Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing .................................. Wholesale trade .......................................................................................... Retail trade ................................................................................................. Credit intermediation and related activities, monetary authorities, and funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles ................................................ Telecommunications, except cable and other programming distribution .....
262.8 1 025.3 1 013.1
2 292.7 1 622.5 1 420.0
2 029.9 597.2 406.9
24.2 4.7 3.4
794.3 400.6
1 114.4 644.7
320.1 244.0
3.4 4.9
Real estate .................................................................................................. Management of companies and enterprises ............................................... Owner-occupied dwellings .......................................................................... Monetary authorities and depository credit intermediation ......................... Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investments and related activities .......................................................................................
659.6 468.3 710.3 408.2
873.1 668.9 906.9 584.5
213.5 200.6 196.6 176.3
2.8 3.6 2.5 3.7
350.1
525.9
175.8
4.2
Computer systems design and related services ......................................... Communications equipment manufacturing ............................................... Internet services, data processing, and other information services ............ Nondepository credit intermediation and related support activities, funds, trusts, and lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets (except copyright works) ...................................................................................................... Offices of health practitioners .....................................................................
127.1 100.0 86.9
302.2 268.1 232.6
175.1 168.1 145.7
9.0 10.4 10.3
386.4 332.3
530.4 468.9
144.1 136.6
3.2 3.5
718.7 102.2
851.8 228.8
133.1 126.6
1.7 8.4
166.4 239.5 334.3
283.7 349.1 424.4
117.3 109.6 90.1
5.5 3.8 2.4
Cut and sew apparel manufacturing ........................................................... Basic chemical manufacturing .................................................................... Oil and gas extraction ................................................................................. Textile and fabric finishing and fabric coating mills ..................................... Apparel knitting mills ...................................................................................
39.8 97.5 87.4 12.2 6.4
17.1 75.6 79.6 6.5 2.3
-22.7 -21.9 -7.8 -5.6 -4.1
-8.1 -2.5 -0.9 -6.0 -9.7
Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills .............................................................. Coal mining ................................................................................................. Resin, synthetic rubber, and artificial synthetic fibers and filaments manufacturing .......................................................................................... Fiber, yarn, and thread mills ....................................................................... Leather and hide tanning and finishing .......................................................
67.7 26.2
64.7 23.4
-3.0 -2.8
-0.5 -1.1
56.4 10.5 2.6
54.0 8.2 1.2
-2.4 -2.4 -1.4
-0.4 -0.5 -7.7
Other leather and allied product manufacturing .......................................... Tobacco manufacturing .............................................................................. Fabric mills .................................................................................................. Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying .................................................. Nonferrous metal (except aluminum) production and processing ..............
2.1 34.2 22.1 17.5 21.8
1.0 33.1 21.1 16.7 21.1
-1.2 -1.0 -0.9 -0.8 -0.6
-7.7 -0.3 -0.4 -0.5 -0.3
Apparel accessories and other apparel manufacturing ..............................
3.8
3.3
-0.6
-1.5
Construction ................................................................................................ Software publishers .................................................................................... Scientific research and development and other professional, scientific, and technical services ............................................................................. Truck transportation and couriers and messengers ................................... Hospitals ..................................................................................................... LARGEST DECLINES
276
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 4-4. Percentage of Employees and Projected Net Employment Change in Selected Occupations, by Age Group 1 (Percent, thousands.) Percent distribution of employees by age group
Employment (thousands)
Change
Occupation 16-24 years
25-54 years
55 years and older
2002
2012
Number
Percent
Total job openings due to growth and net replacements (thousands)
ALL OCCUPATIONS ..................................................................
14.7
71.4
13.9
144 015
165 319
21 305
14.8
56 305
Bus drivers ................................................................................... Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers ................................. Loan counselors and officers ...................................................... Sales representatives and services, all other .............................. Social workers ..............................................................................
9.8 7.5 4.8 4.7 3.5
45.4 60.1 62.8 64.0 66.4
44.8 32.4 32.3 31.2 30.1
654 105 255 577 477
781 121 302 717 604
106 16 48 140 127
16.2 15.5 18.7 24.3 26.7
249 76 89 250 209
Environmental scientists and geoscientists ................................. Network systems and data communications analysts .................. Aircraft pilots and flight engineers ............................................... Transportation, storage, and distribution managers .................... Clergy ..........................................................................................
4.1 8.0 2.5 5.5 11.2
67.8 64.7 70.8 68.0 62.5
28.1 27.3 26.7 26.5 26.3
101 186 100 111 400
121 292 118 133 463
20 106 18 22 62
20.1 57.0 17.8 19.7 15.5
38 128 45 44 144
Television, video, and motion picture camera operators and editors ...................................................................................... Market and survey researchers .................................................... Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians .............................................................................. Sales engineers .......................................................................... Chief executives ..........................................................................
0.3 8.4
74.3 66.2
25.4 25.4
48 155
56 193
9 38
18.7 24.7
19 78
5.8 11.7 0.6
68.9 63.4 74.9
25.3 24.9 24.4
17 82 553
22 98 645
5 16 93
26.7 19.9 16.7
6 41 197
Special education teachers .......................................................... Chiropractors ................................................................................ Human resources, training, and labor relations specialists ......... Transit and railroad police ........................................................... Public relations specialists ...........................................................
5.4 2.7 3.7 18.0 5.5
70.9 73.8 73.3 59.6 72.8
23.7 23.4 23.0 22.4 21.7
433 49 474 6 158
563 60 606 7 210
130 11 131 1 52
30.0 23.3 27.7 15.9 32.9
233 21 204 2 75
Motor vehicle operators, all other ................................................ Personal and home care aides .................................................... Public relations managers ........................................................... Food preparation and serving related workers, all other ............. Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping ....
7.9 34.8 2.8 13.3 9.9
71.0 44.1 76.2 66.2 69.8
21.1 21.0 21.0 20.5 20.3
111 608 69 117 174
139 854 85 134 207
28 246 16 18 33
25.2 40.5 23.4 15.2 19.3
44 343 28 54 71
1
Total job openings are given by the sum of net employment increases and net replacements. If employment change is negative, job openings due to growth are zero and total job openings equal net replacements.
277
PROJECTIONS OF LABOR FORCE AND EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION
Table 4-5. Employment and Output by Industry, 1992, 2002, and Projected 2012 (Number, percent.) Employment Thousands of jobs
Output
Change
Average annual rate of change (percent)
Industry 1992
2002
2012
1992– 2002
2002– 2012
1992– 2002
2002– 2012
Billions of chained (1996) dollars
Average annual rate of change (percent)
1992
2002
2012
1992– 2002
2002– 2012
TOTAL1, 2 ..............................................................................
123 325
144 014
165 319
20 689
21 305
1.6
1.4
12 272
16 822
23 250
3.2
3.3
Nonagriculture Wage and Salary3 .....................................
109 526
131 063
152 690
21 537
21 627
1.8
1.5
11 448
15 818
21 973
3.3
3.3
Mining .................................................................................. Oil and gas extraction .......................................................... Mining (except oil and gas) ................................................... Coal mining .......................................................................... Metal ore mining ................................................................... Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying ............................ Support activities for mining .................................................. Utilities .................................................................................. Electric power generation, transmission, and distribution ..... Natural gas distribution ........................................................ Water, sewage, and other systems .......................................
610 182 272 118 50 104 156 726 537 154 35
512 123 212 75 29 108 177 600 436 116 49
451 88 180 52 18 110 183 565 405 90 71
-98 -60 -60 -43 -21 3 22 -126 -101 -38 13
-61 -34 -32 -23 -11 2 6 -34 -31 -26 23
-1.7 -3.9 -2.5 -4.4 -5.2 0.3 1.3 -1.9 -2.1 -2.8 3.2
-1.3 -3.2 -1.6 -3.5 -4.8 0.2 0.3 -0.6 -0.7 -2.5 3.9
155 94 47 22 11 14 14 278 207 66 5
166 87 54 26 10 18 24 267 207 53 6
156 80 52 23 11 17 26 320 254 58 8
0.7 -0.7 1.4 1.8 -0.6 2.1 5.3 -0.4 0.0 -2.1 2.2
-0.6 -0.9 -0.5 -1.1 0.8 -0.5 0.9 1.8 2.0 0.9 2.7
Construction .......................................................................
4 608
6 732
7 745
2 124
1 014
3.9
1.4
547
719
852
2.8
1.7
Manufacturing .................................................................... Food manufacturing ............................................................. Animal food manufacturing ................................................... Grain and oilseed milling ....................................................... Sugar and confectionery product manufacturing .................. Fruit and vegetable preserving and specialty food manufacturing ................................................................. Dairy product manufacturing ................................................. Animal slaughtering and processing ..................................... Seafood product preparation and packaging ........................ Bakeries and tortilla manufacturing .......................................
16 799 1 518 55 71 103
15 307 1 525 52 62 83
15 149 1 597 52 61 80
-1 492 7 -4 -9 -20
-158 72 1 -1 -3
-0.9 0.0 -0.7 -1.3 -2.1
-0.1 0.5 0.1 -0.1 -0.3
3 067 384 25 49 22
3 840 437 30 57 26
5 361 517 38 70 30
2.3 1.3 2.1 1.6 1.7
3.4 1.7 2.2 2.0 1.6
218 143 438 55 290
182 137 520 44 295
180 124 601 40 303
-36 -6 83 -11 4
-2 -13 80 -4 9
-1.8 -0.4 1.7 -2.3 0.1
-0.1 -1.0 1.4 -0.8 0.3
44 57 98 8 39
50 56 118 7 43
59 58 144 8 53
1.4 -0.3 1.9 -1.2 1.1
1.7 0.4 2.0 1.2 2.0
Other food manufacturing ..................................................... Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing ..................... Beverage manufacturing ....................................................... Tobacco manufacturing ........................................................ Textile mills .......................................................................... Fiber, yarn, and thread mills .................................................. Fabric mills ........................................................................... Textile and fabric finishing and fabric coating mills ............... Textile product mills ............................................................. Textile furnishings mills ........................................................
146 209 165 44 479 97 256 126 202 120
152 206 172 33 293 64 147 82 196 119
155 179 158 20 157 37 80 40 181 111
5 -3 7 -10 -186 -33 -109 -44 -6 -1
4 -27 -14 -13 -136 -27 -67 -42 -16 -8
0.4 -0.1 0.4 -2.7 -4.8 -4.1 -5.4 -4.2 -0.3 -0.1
0.2 -1.4 -0.8 ... -6.1 -5.3 -5.9 -6.9 -0.8 -0.7
44 96 59 36 51 12 26 13 26 18
51 98 64 34 45 11 22 12 30 21
59 105 74 33 36 8 21 7 35 23
1.5 0.3 0.8 -0.5 -1.4 -1.0 -1.7 -1.0 1.4 1.8
1.5 0.7 1.3 -0.3 -2.2 -2.5 -0.4 -6.0 1.3 1.0
Other textile product mills ...................................................... Apparel manufacturing ......................................................... Apparel knitting mills ............................................................ Cut and sew apparel manufacturing ..................................... Apparel accessories and other apparel manufacturing ......... Leather and allied product manufacturing ............................. Leather and hide tanning and finishing ................................. Footwear manufacturing ....................................................... Other leather and allied product manufacturing .................... Wood product manufacturing ................................................
82 905 110 752 43 121 15 72 33 502
78 358 50 282 26 50 9 21 20 557
70 112 20 77 15 33 5 18 11 634
-5 -548 -60 -470 -17 -71 -7 -51 -13 55
-8 -246 -30 -205 -11 -17 -4 -4 -9 77
-0.6 -8.9 -7.7 -9.4 -4.8 -8.5 -5.7 -11.5 -5.0 1.0
-1.1 -11.0 -8.7 -12.2 -5.4 -4.0 -6.3 -1.8 -5.9 1.3
9 64 10 50 4 10 3 5 3 73
9 50 6 40 4 8 3 3 2 83
11 23 2 17 3 6 1 4 1 112
0.6 -2.4 -4.3 -2.2 -1.3 -2.5 -1.5 -3.6 -1.6 1.2
2.1 -7.6 -9.7 -8.1 -1.5 -2.6 -7.7 2.1 -7.7 3.0
Sawmills and wood preservation ........................................... Veneer, plywood, and engineered wood product .................. Other wood product manufacturing ....................................... Paper manufacturing ............................................................ Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills ........................................ Converted paper product manufacturing ............................... Printing and related support activities ................................... Petroleum and coal products manufacturing ......................... Chemical manufacturing ...................................................... Basic chemical manufacturing ..............................................
134 88 280 640 232 408 780 152 1 029 246
121 116 320 550 168 382 710 119 930 171
110 138 386 477 126 351 734 102 891 140
-13 28 39 -90 -63 -26 -70 -33 -99 -76
-11 21 67 -72 -42 -31 24 -18 -38 -31
-1.0 2.8 1.3 -1.5 -3.1 -0.7 -0.9 -2.4 -1.0 -3.6
-1.0 1.7 1.9 -1.4 -2.8 -0.8 0.3 -1.6 -0.4 -2.0
25 17 32 146 73 73 92 161 363 117
26 20 37 141 68 73 91 181 401 98
34 26 52 144 65 79 94 199 450 76
0.6 1.8 1.5 -0.4 -0.8 0.0 -0.1 1.2 1.0 -1.8
2.7 2.6 3.4 0.2 -0.5 0.8 0.3 1.0 1.2 -2.5
151
114
89
-37
-26
-2.8
-2.5
54
56
54
0.4
-0.4
54 225 81
45 293 72
35 361 62
-10 68 -8
-10 68 -11
-1.9 2.7 -1.1
-2.4 2.1 -1.6
23 72 22
19 112 24
22 157 30
-2.1 4.5 0.8
1.9 3.5 2.1
127 144
122 112
125 79
-5 -32
3 -33
-0.4 -2.4
0.3 -3.4
43 34
52 36
64 42
1.8 0.6
2.0 1.3
Resin, synthetic rubber, and artificial synthetic fibers and filaments manufacturing .................................................. Pesticide, fertilizer, and other agricultural chemical manufacturing ................................................................. Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing ....................... Paint, coating, and adhesive manufacturing ......................... Soap, cleaning compound, and toilet preparation manufacturing ................................................................. Other chemical product and preparation manufacturing ....... 1Wage
and salary data are from the Current Employment Statistics survey, which counts jobs, whereas data for the self-employed, for unpaid family workers, and for agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting workers are from the Current Population Survey.
2Output subcategories do not necessarily add to higher categories as a product of chainweighting. 3Includes agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting data from the Current Population Survey, except
salary workers, which are excluded. . . . = Not available.
logging, which is from the Current Employment Survey and government wage and
278
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 4-5. Employment and Output by Industry, 1992, 2002, and Projected 2012—Continued (Number, percent.) Employment Thousands of jobs
Output
Change
Average annual rate of change (percent)
Industry 1992
2002
2012
1992– 2002
2002– 2012
1992– 2002
2002– 2012
Billions of chained (1996) dollars 1992
2002
Average annual rate of change (percent)
2012
1992– 2002
2002– 2012
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing ......................... Plastics product manufacturing ............................................. Rubber product manufacturing .............................................. Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing ..........................
819 620 199 487
854 668 185 519
991 797 195 579
35 48 -14 32
138 128 10 60
0.4 0.8 -0.7 0.6
1.5 1.8 0.5 1.1
122 95 27 69
164 133 31 85
245 198 47 114
3.0 3.4 1.4 2.1
4.1 4.1 4.0 2.9
Clay product and refractory manufacturing ........................... Glass and glass product manufacturing ................................ Cement and concrete product manufacturing ....................... Lime and gypsum product manufacturing ............................. Other nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing ................ Primary metal manufacturing ................................................ Iron and steel mills ferroalloy manufacturing ........................ Steel product manufacturing from purchased steel ............... Alumina and aluminum production and processing .............. Nonferrous metal (except aluminum) production and processing .......................................................................
79 145 178 14 72 630 168 66 100
72 126 230 19 72 511 107 63 80
80 125 278 21 75 494 76 60 79
-7 -19 52 5 0 -119 -61 -3 -19
9 -1 48 2 3 -17 -31 -3 -1
-0.9 -1.4 2.6 3.0 0.1 -2.1 -4.4 -0.4 -2.1
1.1 -0.1 1.9 0.9 0.4 -0.3 -3.4 -0.5 -0.2
7 19 27 4 12 140 47 16 29
8 22 38 5 13 137 49 15 25
10 33 49 6 16 160 56 18 26
0.2 1.6 3.4 1.6 1.0 -0.2 0.4 -0.7 -1.5
3.2 3.9 2.5 2.1 2.3 1.5 1.4 1.5 0.3
102
81
80
-20
-1
-2.2
-0.2
26
22
21
-1.9
-0.3
Foundries ............................................................................. Fabricated metal product manufacturing ............................... Forging and stamping .......................................................... Cutlery and handtool manufacturing ..................................... Architectural and structural metals manufacturing ................ Boiler, tank, and shipping container manufacturing .............. Hardware manufacturing ...................................................... Spring and wire product manufacturing ................................ Machine shops; turned product; and screw, nut, and bolt manufacturing ................................................................. Coating, engraving, heat treating, and allied activities ..........
196 1 497 122 73 327 108 54 74
180 1 548 114 65 400 95 43 71
199 1 645 132 70 478 90 45 59
-16 51 -9 -8 74 -13 -11 -4
20 97 18 6 77 -5 3 -12
-0.9 0.3 -0.7 -1.2 2.1 -1.3 -2.3 -0.5
1.0 0.6 1.5 0.8 1.8 -0.5 0.6 -1.8
21 186 18 8 41 21 9 6
25 226 23 10 55 20 10 8
38 315 36 15 81 26 14 9
2.1 2.0 2.6 1.9 3.1 -0.6 0.8 2.2
4.2 3.4 4.5 3.7 3.9 2.6 3.9 1.2
287 137
318 148
333 151
32 11
15 4
1.1 0.8
0.5 0.2
29 12
41 16
62 25
3.7 2.8
4.2 4.4
Other fabricated metal product manufacturing ...................... Machinery manufacturing ..................................................... Agriculture, construction, and mining machinery manufacturing ................................................................. Industrial machinery manufacturing ...................................... Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing ................................................................. Ventilation, heating, air–conditioning, and commercial refrigeration equipment manufacturing ........................... Metalworking machinery manufacturing ................................ Engine, turbine, and power transmission equipment manufacturing ................................................................. Other general purpose machinery manufacturing .................
316 1 309
296 1 237
287 1 357
-20 -72
-9 120
-0.7 -0.6
-0.3 0.9
42 186
43 230
49 341
0.3 2.1
1.2 4.0
201 142
201 132
212 125
1 -10
10 -6
0.0 -0.7
0.5 -0.5
33 22
42 31
60 47
2.5 3.3
3.5 4.4
138
132
141
-6
9
-0.5
0.6
22
19
27
-1.3
3.6
161 241
167 217
189 251
7 -24
22 34
0.4 -1.0
1.2 1.5
22 21
29 23
40 38
2.8 0.9
3.2 4.9
111 317
100 288
100 339
-11 -29
0 51
-1.0 -0.9
0.0 1.6
23 43
34 51
44 84
4.1 1.7
2.7 5.2
Computer and electronic product manufacturing .................. Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing ............. Communications equipment manufacturing .......................... Audio and video equipment manufacturing ........................... Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing ................................................................. Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments manufacturing .............................................. Manufacturing and reproducing magnetic and optical media ................................................................... Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing ................................................................. Electric lighting equipment manufacturing ............................ Household appliance manufacturing .....................................
1 707 329 210 58
1 521 250 191 42
1 333 182 201 38
-186 -79 -19 ...
-189 -68 10 -3
-1.1 -2.7 -0.9 -3.2
-1.3 -3.1 0.5 -0.8
225 28 45 8
557 263 100 9
1 705 2 293 268 10
9.5 24.9 8.2 1.0
11.8 24.2 10.4 1.2
44
57
63
13
6
2.7
1.1
8
580 74 106
499 72 98
486 70 84
... ... ...
-13 -2 -14
-1.5 -0.2 -0.8
-0.3 -0.3 -1.5
88 10 18
Electrical equipment manufacturing ...................................... Other electrical equipment and component manufacturing ... Transportation equipment manufacturing ............................. Motor vehicle manufacturing ................................................. Motor vehicle body and trailer manufacturing ....................... Motor vehicle parts manufacturing ........................................ Aerospace product and parts manufacturing ........................ Railroad rolling stock manufacturing ..................................... Ship and boat building .......................................................... Other transportation equipment manufacturing .....................
219 180 1 977 260 126 661 711 27 157 36
176 152 1 829 267 154 731 468 23 146 40
180 151 1 787 251 172 758 386 24 157 40
... ... ... 7 28 70 ... ... ... 4
4 -1 -41 -16 18 27 -83 1 11 0
-2.1 -1.7 -0.8 0.3 2.0 1.0 -4.1 -1.7 -0.7 1.0
0.2 -0.1 -0.2 -0.6 1.1 0.4 -1.9 0.6 0.7 0.1
26 33 462 166 15 115 138 5 16 7
29 41 600 236 22 187 116 8 19 12
Furniture and related product manufacturing ........................ Household and institutional furniture and kitchen cabinet manufacturing ................................................................. Office furniture (including fixtures) manufacturing ................. Other furniture related product manufacturing ...................... Miscellaneous manufacturing ................................................
563
605
666
42
62
0.7
1.0
51
66
89
2.7
3.0
373 146 44 693
400 151 54 692
450 155 61 715
28 5 10 -1
49 5 7 24
0.7 0.3 2.0 0.0
1.2 0.3 1.3 0.3
30 16 5 85
39 20 7 114
53 27 10 151
2.7 2.2 4.1 3.0
3.0 3.1 2.8 2.9
. . . = Not available.
519
531
452
12
-79
0.2
-1.6
67
134
149
7.2
1.1
549
451
396
...
-55
-1.9
-1.3
79
92
126
1.4
3.2
7
9
-1.4
2.1
103 12 22
142 14 29
1.6 1.8 2.2
3.3 1.4 2.8
46 54 802 319 39 275 117 12 27 16
0.8 1.9 2.6 3.6 3.7 5.0 -1.7 4.0 1.6 5.9
4.7 2.9 3.0 3.1 5.7 3.9 0.1 4.2 3.8 2.4
279
PROJECTIONS OF LABOR FORCE AND EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION
Table 4-5. Employment and Output by Industry, 1992, 2002, and Projected 2012—Continued (Number, percent.) Employment Thousands of jobs
Output
Change
Average annual rate of change (percent)
Industry 1992
2002
2012
1992– 2002
2002– 2012
1992– 2002
2002– 2012
Billions of chained (1996) dollars 1992
2002
Average annual rate of change (percent)
2012
1992– 2002
2002– 2012
Medical equipment and supplies manufacturing ................... Other miscellaneous manufacturing ......................................
297 395
309 383
329 387
12 -12
20 4
0.4 -0.3
0.6 0.1
37 49
55 59
91 60
4.1 2.0
5.2 0.1
Wholesale Trade .................................................................
5 110
5 641
6 279
531
638
1.0
1.1
600
1 025
1 622
5.5
4.7
Retail Trade .........................................................................
12 828
15 047
17 129
2 219
2 082
1.6
1.3
667
1 013
1 420
4.3
3.4
Transportation and Warehousing ...................................... Air transportation .................................................................. Rail transportation ................................................................ Water transportation ............................................................. Truck transportation and couriers and messengers .............. Transit and ground passenger transportation ....................... Pipeline transportation .......................................................... Scenic and sightseeing transportation and support activities for transportation ............................................................. Warehousing and storage .....................................................
3 462 520 248 57 1 496 288 60
4 205 559 218 52 1 897 372 42
5 120 626 197 50 2 404 488 42
744 40 -30 -5 401 84 -19
914 67 -21 -1 507 116 0
2.0 0.7 -1.3 -0.9 2.4 2.6 -3.6
2.0 1.1 -1.0 -0.3 2.4 2.8 0.0
436 100 37 21 170 21 30
576 142 44 21 240 26 27
820 229 58 28 349 30 29
2.8 3.6 1.8 -0.1 3.5 2.2 -1.0
3.6 4.9 2.7 2.8 3.8 1.2 0.7
388 406
553 514
652 660
165 108
100 147
3.6 2.4
1.7 2.5
36 21
44 31
57 42
2.1 4.1
2.6 3.1
Information ......................................................................... Publishing industries ............................................................ Newspaper, periodical, book and directory publishers .......... Software publishers .............................................................. Internet services, data processing, and other information services ........................................................................... Motion picture and sound recording industries ..................... Broadcasting and telecommunications ................................. Radio and television broadcasting ........................................ Cable and other subscription programming and program distribution ....................................................................... Telecommunications, except cable and other programming distribution .......................................................................
2 641 854 740 114
3 420 970 714 256
4 052 1 133 703 430
779 115 -27 142
632 163 -11 174
2.6 1.3 -0.4 8.4
1.7 1.6 -0.1 5.3
481 134 105 31
891 222 122 102
1 498 334 132 229
6.4 5.1 1.5 12.6
5.3 4.2 0.8 8.4
307 254 1 226 226
529 387 1 535 241
773 503 1 643 235
222 133 309 15
244 116 109 -6
5.6 4.3 2.3 0.6
3.9 2.7 0.7 -0.2
25 50 272 34
87 93 491 40
233 178 745 46
13.1 6.3 6.1 1.7
10.3 6.7 4.3 1.5
Financial Activities ............................................................. Credit intermediation, and related activities, monetary authorities, and funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles ........................................................................... Monetary authorities and depository credit intermediation .... Nondepository credit intermediation and related support activities, funds, trusts, and lessors of nonfinancial intangible (except copyrighted works) ............................ Securities, commodity, contracts, and other financial investments and related activities ................................... Insurance carriers and related activities ................................ Insurance carriers ................................................................ Agencies, brokerages, and other insurance related activities ..........................................................................
126
221
300
95
79
5.7
3.1
36
53
64
3.9
1.9
873
1 073
1 108
200
35
2.1
0.3
202
401
645
7.1
4.9
6 540
7 843
8 806
1 303
964
1.8
1.2
1 525
2 230
3 038
3.9
3.1
2 414 1 793
2 819 1 761
3 126 1 873
405 -31
308 112
1.6 -0.2
1.0 0.6
527 281
794 408
1 114 584
4.2 3.8
3.4 3.7
621
1 058
1 253
436
196
5.5
1.7
246
386
530
4.6
3.2
476 2 040 1 367
801 2 223 1 402
925 2 391 1 451
325 184 35
124 168 49
5.3 0.9 0.3
1.5 0.7 0.3
97 313 237
350 347 237
526 419 288
13.6 1.0 0.0
4.2 1.9 2.0
672
821
940
149
119
2.0
1.4
76
112
133
3.9
1.7
Real Estate .......................................................................... Rental and leasing services .................................................. Automotive equipment, rental, and leasing ........................... Consumer goods rental and general rental centers .............. Commercial and industrial machinery and equipment, rental, and leasing ...........................................................
1 115 496 151 267
1 348 652 197 353
1 513 852 225 484
233 156 46 86
165 200 28 131
1.9 2.8 2.7 2.8
1.2 2.7 1.3 3.2
542 52 14 15
660 88 34 20
873 127 51 27
2.0 5.3 9.4 3.2
2.8 3.8 4.2 2.7
78
102
143
24
41
2.7
3.4
24
34
50
3.5
3.9
Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services ............. Legal services ...................................................................... Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll services ........................................................................... Architectural, engineering, and related services ................... Specialized design services .................................................. Computer systems design and related services ................... Management, scientific, and technical consulting services ... Scientific research and development and other technical services ........................................................................... Advertising and related services ........................................... Management of companies and enterprises .........................
4 594 950
6 715 1 112
8 579 1 330
2 122 162
1 864 218
3.9 1.6
2.5 1.8
568 142
881 151
1 370 171
4.5 0.6
4.5 1.3
658 902 81 445 358
867 1 251 123 1 163 732
1 082 1 306 161 1 798 1 137
209 349 42 718 374
215 54 38 635 406
2.8 3.3 4.2 10.1 7.4
2.2 0.4 2.7 4.5 4.5
58 110 13 55 59
80 157 21 127 114
98 217 29 302 169
3.2 3.7 5.0 8.8 6.7
2.1 3.3 3.6 9.0 4.1
830 370 1 623
1 026 442 1 711
1 241 525 1 906
196 72 88
215 84 195
2.1 1.8 0.5
1.9 1.7 1.1
90 42 256
166 67 468
284 111 669
6.3 4.8 6.2
5.5 5.2 3.6
280
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 4-5. Employment and Output by Industry, 1992, 2002, and Projected 2012—Continued (Number, percent.) Employment Thousands of jobs
Output
Change
Average annual rate of change (percent)
Industry 1992
Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services ....................................................... Administrative support services ............................................ Office administrative and facilities support services .............. Employment services ........................................................... Business support and investigation and security services and support services, n.e.c. ............................................ Travel arrangement and reservation services ....................... Services to buildings and dwellings ...................................... Waste management and remediation services ..................... Educational services ............................................................. Health care and social assistance .........................................
2002
2012
1992– 2002
2002– 2012
1992– 2002
2002– 2012
Billions of chained (1996) dollars 1992
2002
Average annual rate of change (percent)
2012
1992– 2002
2002– 2012
4 753 4 516 275 1 593
7 584 7 267 390 3 249
10 391 9 987 508 5 012
2 831 2 751 116 1 656
2 807 2 720 117 1 764
4.8 4.9 3.6 7.4
3.2 3.2 2.7 4.4
240 206 27 47
433 384 58 104
638 572 87 172
6.1 6.4 8.1 8.3
4.0 4.1 4.2 5.1
1 244 245 1 160 237 1 713 10 178
1 772 258 1 597 317 2 651 13 533
2 261 226 1 980 404 3 410 17 919
528 13 438 80 938 3 355
489 -32 383 87 759 4 386
3.6 0.5 3.3 3.0 4.5 2.9
2.5 -1.3 2.2 2.5 2.6 2.8
64 21 47 34 95 719
114 25 81 49 125 962
165 36 109 66 149 1 326
6.0 1.8 5.5 3.7 2.8 3.0
3.7 3.7 3.1 3.0 1.8 3.3
Ambulatory health care services ........................................... Offices of health practitioners ................................................ Ambulatory health care services except offices of health practicioners .................................................................... Hospitals .............................................................................. Nursing and residential care facilities .................................... Nursing care and residential and mental health facilities ...... Community care facilities for the elderly and residential care facilities, n.e.c. ......................................................... Social assistance ................................................................. Individual, family, community, and vocational rehabilitation services ........................................................................... Child day care services .........................................................
3 200 2 267
4 634 3 190
6 532 4 419
1 434 923
1 899 1 229
3.8 3.5
3.5 3.3
332 251
452 332
656 469
3.1 2.9
3.8 3.5
933 3 711 2 044 1 578
1 444 4 153 2 743 2 048
2 113 4 785 3 685 2 607
511 442 700 470
670 632 942 559
4.5 1.1 3.0 2.6
3.9 1.4 3.0 2.4
82 256 71 56
120 334 88 65
... 424 114 82
... 2.7 2.1 1.5
... 2.4 2.6 2.4
465 1 223
695 2 004
1 078 2 917
230 780
382 913
4.1 5.1
4.5 3.8
16 59
23 88
33 132
4.2 4.1
3.4 4.1
777 447
1 269 734
1 867 1 050
493 288
597 316
5.0 5.1
3.9 3.6
34 24
52 37
78 55
4.2 4.3
4.1 4.0
Arts, entertainment, and recreation ....................................... Performing arts, spectator sports, and related industries ...... Performing arts companies, promoters, agents, managers, and independent artists ................................................... Spectator sports ................................................................... Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions ................. Amusement, gambling, and recreation industries ................. Accommodation and food services ....................................... Accommodation ................................................................... Traveler accommodation .......................................................
1 236 290
1 778 358
2 275 421
542 68
497 63
3.7 2.1
2.5 1.6
95 41
143 53
200 65
4.2 2.4
3.4 2.2
195 95 75 872 8 201 1 562 1 517
240 118 113 1 308 10 191 1 780 1 726
277 144 136 1 717 11 829 2 080 2 019
45 23 38 436 1 991 218 209
37 26 24 410 1 638 301 293
2.1 2.2 4.1 4.1 2.2 1.3 1.3
1.4 2.0 1.9 2.8 1.5 1.6 1.6
27 15 4 49 347 90 88
34 19 7 83 449 116 113
43 22 9 126 597 173 169
2.4 2.3 5.9 5.5 2.6 2.5 2.5
2.3 1.9 2.7 4.2 2.9 4.1 4.1
44 6 639 5 120 964 636 99
53 8 412 6 105 1 241 897 105
62 9 749 7 065 1 418 1 046 101
9 1 773 985 277 261 7
8 1 337 960 177 149 -5
1.9 2.4 1.8 2.6 3.5 0.6
1.5 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.6 -0.5
2 256 298 118 69 17
3 333 382 158 93 17
4 423 506 205 124 18
2.1 2.7 2.5 2.9 3.1 0.5
3.2 2.4 2.9 2.7 2.9 0.2
149 80 1 099 434
156 82 1 247 523
185 86 1 485 667
8 2 148 89
29 3 238 144
0.5 0.2 1.3 1.9
1.7 0.4 1.8 2.5
16 17 76 20
28 20 98 27
42 22 125 35
5.4 2.0 2.6 2.8
4.1 0.7 2.4 2.6
RV parks, recreational camps, and rooming and boarding houses ............................................................................. Food services and drinking places ........................................ Other services ...................................................................... Repair and maintenance ....................................................... Automotive repair and maintenance ..................................... Electronic and precision equipment repair and maintenance Commercial and industrial equipment repair and maintenance, except automotive and electric ................. Personal and household goods repair and maintenance ...... Personal and laundry services .............................................. Personal care servcies .......................................................... Death care services .............................................................. Dry cleaning and laundry services ........................................ Other personal services ........................................................ Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional, and similar organizations ................................................................... Religious, grantmaking, and giving services and social advocacy organizations ................................................... Civic, social, business, and similar organizations ................. Private households ................................................................
116 359 190
139 366 219
155 393 270
22 7 29
16 27 51
1.8 0.2 1.4
1.1 0.7 2.1
12 18 26
12 21 38
13 25 53
0.5 1.5 4.0
0.8 1.7 3.3
2 177
2 861
3 460
684
600
2.8
1.9
94
117
166
2.2
3.6
1 403 774 880
1 944 917 757
2 372 1 088 703
541 143 -123
428 172 -54
3.3 1.7 -1.5
2.0 1.7 -0.7
49 45 10
66 50 9
107 59 11
3.1 1.2 -0.8
4.9 1.5 1.1
Federal Government ........................................................... Postal Service ...................................................................... Federal electric utilities .......................................................... Federal government enterprises ........................................... Federal general government ................................................. Federal government capital services ....................................
3 111 800 28 138 2 145 ...
2 767 845 28 52 1 842 ...
2 779 807 24 32 1 915 ...
-344 45 1 -86 -303 ...
12 -38 -4 -20 73 ...
-1.2 0.5 0.2 -9.3 -1.5 ...
0.0 -0.5 -1.7 -4.6 0.4 ...
394 51 7 6 252 78
378 61 9 7 209 93
443 76 11 11 216 133
-0.4 1.7 2.5 1.4 -1.9 1.7
1.6 2.2 2.0 4.1 0.4 3.7
n.e.c. = not elsewhere classified. . . . = Not available.
281
PROJECTIONS OF LABOR FORCE AND EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION
Table 4-5. Employment and Output by Industry, 1992, 2002, and Projected 2012—Continued (Number, percent.) Employment Thousands of jobs
Output
Change
Average annual rate of change (percent)
Industry 1992
2002
2012
1992– 2002
2002– 2012
1992– 2002
2002– 2012
Billions of chained (1996) dollars 1992
2002
Average annual rate of change (percent)
2012
1992– 2002
2002– 2012
Local Government Passenger Transit ..............................
210
231
260
21
29
1.0
1.2
7
9
10
2.6
0.4
State and Local Government ............................................. State and local electric utilities .............................................. State and local government enterprises ................................ State and local government hospitals ................................... State and local government education .................................. State and local general government, n.e.c. ........................... State and local government capital services .........................
15 675 85 532 1 083 7 875 5 890 ...
18 722 93 689 995 9 876 6 838 ...
21 240 108 734 1 024 11 606 7 508 ...
3 047 9 157 -89 2 002 948 ...
2 518 14 46 29 1 730 670 ...
1.8 1.0 2.6 -0.9 2.3 1.5 ...
1.3 1.4 0.6 0.3 1.6 0.9 ...
685 18 78 41 276 207 58
839 24 104 48 321 241 93
980 29 131 56 375 260 122
2.0 2.5 2.9 1.5 1.5 1.5 4.9
1.6 2.2 2.4 1.5 1.5 0.8 2.8
Owner–Occupied Dwellings3 .............................................
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
552
710
907
2.6
2.5
Agriculture .......................................................................... Agricultural products ............................................................. Forestry, fishing, hunting, and trapping ................................. Logging ................................................................................ Support activities for agriculture and forestry ........................
2 639 2 318 96 120 105
2 245 1 955 68 98 124
1 905 1 632 50 90 133
-394 -362 -28 -23 19
-340 -324 -17 -7 9
-1.6 -1.7 -3.4 -2.1 1.6
-1.6 -1.8 -2.9 -0.8 0.7
274 221 12 29 11
300 246 12 31 11
352 286 14 36 16
0.9 1.1 -0.4 0.8 -0.3
1.6 1.5 1.7 1.4 3.4
Nonagriculture Self-Employed and Unpaid Family Workers4 ........................................................................
9 009
9 018
9 162
10
144
0.0
0.2
...
...
...
...
...
Secondary Wage and Salary Jobs in Agriculture Production, Forestry, Fishing, and Private Household Industries5 ..................................................
178
143
128
-35
-15
-2.2
-1.1
...
...
...
...
...
Secondary Jobs as a Self-Employed or Unpaid Family Worker6 ..........................................................................
1 973
1 545
1 434
-428
-111
-2.4
-0.7
...
...
...
...
...
n.e.c. = not elsewhere classified. 3Includes
agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting data from the Current Population Survey, except logging, which is from the Current Employment Survey and government wage and salary workers, which are excluded.
4Comparable estimate of output growth is not available. 5Workers who hold a secondary wage and salary job in agricultural production, forestry, fishing, and private household 6Wage and salary workers who hold a secondary wage and salary job as a self-employed or unpaid family worker.
. . . = Not available.
industries.
282
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 4-6. Employment by Occupation, 2002 and Projected 2012 (Thousands of jobs, percent.) Employment Occupation
Number
Change 2002–2012
Percent distribution Number
Percent
2002
2012
TOTAL, ALL OCCUPATIONS ...........................................................................................................
144 014
165 319
100.0
100.0
21 305
14.8
56 305
Management, Business, and Financial Occupations ................................................................ Management occupations .......................................................................................................... Top executives ....................................................................................................................... Chief executives ................................................................................................................. General and operations managers ..................................................................................... Legislators .......................................................................................................................... Advertising, marketing, promotions, public relations, and sales managers ............................ Advertising and promotions managers ............................................................................... Marketing and sales managers .......................................................................................... Marketing managers ....................................................................................................... Sales managers .............................................................................................................. Public relations managers .................................................................................................. Operations specialties managers ........................................................................................... Administrative services managers ...................................................................................... Computer and information systems managers ................................................................... Financial managers ............................................................................................................ Human resources managers .............................................................................................. Industrial production managers .......................................................................................... Purchasing managers ......................................................................................................... Transportation, storage, and distribution managers ........................................................... Other management occupations ............................................................................................ Agricultural managers ......................................................................................................... Farm, ranch, and other agricultural managers ............................................................... Farmers and ranchers .................................................................................................... Construction managers ...................................................................................................... Education administrators .................................................................................................... Education administrators, preschool and child care center/program .............................. Education administrators, elementary and secondary school ........................................ Education administrators, postsecondary ....................................................................... Education administrators, all other ................................................................................. Engineering managers ....................................................................................................... Food service managers ...................................................................................................... Funeral directors ................................................................................................................. Gaming managers .............................................................................................................. Lodging managers .............................................................................................................. Medical and health services managers .............................................................................. Natural sciences managers ................................................................................................ Postmasters and mail superintendents .............................................................................. Property, real estate, and community association managers ............................................. Social and community service managers ........................................................................... All other managers .............................................................................................................
15 501 10 056 2 669 553 2 049 67 700 85 546 203 343 69 1 807 321 284 599 202 182 108 111 4 880 1 376 218 1 158 389 427 58 217 125 27 212 386 24 6 69 244 45 25 293 129 1 256
17 883 11 277 3 138 645 2 425 68 885 107 693 246 448 85 2 163 384 387 709 242 197 113 133 5 090 1 149 229 920 435 527 77 262 157 32 231 430 26 7 73 315 51 25 330 164 1 325
10.8 7.0 1.9 0.4 1.4 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.0 1.3 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 3.4 1.0 0.2 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.9
10.8 6.8 1.9 0.4 1.5 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.1 1.3 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 3.1 0.7 0.1 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.8
2 382 1 221 469 93 376 1 185 21 148 43 105 16 356 63 103 109 39 14 5 22 210 -227 11 -238 47 101 19 45 32 5 20 44 2 1 5 71 5 0 37 36 69
15.4 12.1 17.6 16.7 18.4 1.1 26.5 25.0 27.1 21.3 30.5 23.4 19.7 19.8 36.1 18.3 19.4 7.9 4.8 19.7 4.3 -16.5 5.1 -20.6 12.0 23.6 32.0 20.7 25.9 19.1 9.2 11.5 6.6 12.4 6.6 29.3 11.3 -0.5 12.8 27.7 5.5
5 319 3 192 969 197 762 9 313 37 249 81 168 28 671 126 154 195 73 50 29 44 1 240 117 49 68 117 207 33 99 63 12 62 107 9 2 16 119 14 5 92 60 314
Business and Financial Operations Occupations ..................................................................... Business operations specialists .................................................................................................. Agents and business managers of artists, performers, and athletes ...................................... Buyers and purchasing agents ............................................................................................... Purchasing agents and buyers, farm products ................................................................... Wholesale and retail buyers, except farm products ............................................................ Purchasing agents, except wholesale, retail, and farm products ....................................... Claims adjusters, appraisers, examiners, and investigators .................................................. Claims adjusters, examiners, and investigators ................................................................. Insurance appraisers, auto damage ................................................................................... Compliance officers, except agriculture, construction, health and safety, and transportation ............................................................................................................. Cost estimators ....................................................................................................................... Emergency management specialists ...................................................................................... Human resources, training, and labor relations specialists 2 .................................................. Employment, recruitment, and placement specialists ........................................................ Compensation, benefits, and job analysis specialists ........................................................ Training and development specialists ................................................................................ Management analysts ............................................................................................................ Meeting and convention planners ........................................................................................... All other business operations specialists 3 .............................................................................. Financial specialists .................................................................................................................... Accountants and auditors ........................................................................................................... Appraisers and assessors of real estate .................................................................................... Budget analysts .......................................................................................................................... Credit analysts ............................................................................................................................ Financial analysts and advisors .................................................................................................. Financial analysts ................................................................................................................... Personal financial advisors ..................................................................................................... Insurance underwriters ........................................................................................................... Financial examiners .................................................................................................................... Loan counselors and officers ...................................................................................................... Loan counselors ..................................................................................................................... Loan officers ........................................................................................................................... Tax examiners, collectors, preparers, and revenue agents ........................................................ Tax examiners, collectors, and revenue agents ..................................................................... Tax preparers ......................................................................................................................... All other financial specialists .......................................................................................................
5 445 3 177 15 419 19 155 245 241 227 14
6 606 3 910 19 455 21 162 273 275 260 16
3.8 2.2 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0
4.0 2.4 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0
1 162 733 4 36 2 7 27 34 32 2
21.3 23.1 27.8 8.6 10.2 4.3 11.2 14.0 14.2 11.7
2 127 1 295 7 144 8 47 88 64 60 3
158 188 11 474 175 91 209 577 37 1 056 2 268 1 055 88 62 66 400 172 126 102 25 255 31 223 154 75 79 162
173 223 14 606 223 116 267 753 45 1 346 2 696 1 261 104 71 78 486 204 170 112 27 302 37 266 176 79 98 190
0.1 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.7 1.6 0.7 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
0.1 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.0 0.8 1.6 0.8 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1
15 35 3 131 48 25 58 176 8 290 429 205 16 9 12 86 32 44 10 2 48 6 42 22 4 18 28
9.8 18.6 28.2 27.7 27.3 28.0 27.9 30.4 21.3 27.5 18.9 19.5 17.6 14.0 18.7 21.5 18.7 34.6 10.0 8.9 18.7 17.8 18.8 14.4 5.0 23.2 17.6
52 77 6 204 75 39 90 255 16 470 832 405 34 19 23 146 58 60 28 8 89 11 78 52 21 32 57
1Total
2002
2012
Total job openings due to growth and replacement 2002–2012 1
job openings represent the sum of employment increases and net replacements. If employment change is negative, job openings due to growth are zero and total job openings equal net replacements. is not included.
2Information about the detailed residual occupation for this broad occupation 3This occupation contains two or more detailed SOC occupations.
0.0 = Quantity equals more than zero but less than 0.05.
283
PROJECTIONS OF LABOR FORCE AND EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION
Table 4-6. Employment by Occupation, 2002 and Projected 2012—Continued (Thousands of jobs, percent.) Employment Occupation
Number
Change 2002–2012
Percent distribution Number
2002
2012
2002
Percent
2012
Total job openings due to growth and replacement 2002–2012 1
Professional and Related Occupations ......................................................................................
27 687
34 147
19.2
20.7
6 459
23.3
11 794
Computer and Mathematical Science Occupations .............................................................. Computer specialists .............................................................................................................. Computer and information scientists, research .................................................................. Computer programmers ..................................................................................................... Computer software engineers ............................................................................................ Computer software engineers, applications ................................................................... Computer software engineers, systems software ........................................................... Computer support specialists ............................................................................................. Computer systems analysts ............................................................................................... Database administrators ..................................................................................................... Network and computer systems administrators .................................................................. Network systems and data communications analysts ........................................................ All other computer specialists ............................................................................................. Mathematical science occupations ......................................................................................... Actuaries ............................................................................................................................. Mathematicians .................................................................................................................. Operations research analysts ............................................................................................. Statisticians ........................................................................................................................ Miscellaneous mathematical science occupations .............................................................
3 018 2 911 23 499 675 394 281 507 468 110 251 186 192 107 15 3 62 20 7
4 069 3 954 30 571 982 573 409 660 653 159 345 292 262 115 18 3 66 21 8
2.1 2.0 0.0 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.5 2.4 0.0 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1 051 1 043 7 73 307 179 128 153 184 49 94 106 70 8 2 0 4 1 1
34.8 35.8 29.9 14.6 45.5 45.5 45.5 30.3 39.4 44.2 37.4 57.0 36.5 7.4 14.9 -1.0 6.2 4.8 11.8
1 465 1 429 10 190 374 218 156 216 237 60 122 128 92 36 9 1 17 6 2
Architecture and Engineering Occupations .......................................................................... Architects, surveyors, and cartographers ............................................................................... Architects, except naval ...................................................................................................... Architects, except landscape and naval ......................................................................... Landscape architects ...................................................................................................... Surveyors, cartographers, and photogrammetrists ............................................................ Cartographers and photogrammetrists ........................................................................... Surveyors ....................................................................................................................... All other architects, surveyors, and cartographers 4 ........................................................... Engineers ............................................................................................................................... Aerospace engineers .......................................................................................................... Agricultural engineers ......................................................................................................... Biomedical engineers ......................................................................................................... Chemical engineers ............................................................................................................ Civil engineers .................................................................................................................... Computer hardware engineers ........................................................................................... Electrical and electronics engineers ................................................................................... Electrical engineers ........................................................................................................ Electronics engineers, except computer ......................................................................... Environmental engineers .................................................................................................... Industrial engineers, including health and safety ................................................................ Health and safety engineers, except mining safety engineers and inspectors ............... Industrial engineers ........................................................................................................ Marine engineers and naval architects ............................................................................... Materials engineers ............................................................................................................ Mechanical engineers ......................................................................................................... Mining and geological engineers, including mining safety engineers ................................. Nuclear engineers .............................................................................................................. Petroleum engineers .......................................................................................................... All other engineers .............................................................................................................. Drafters, engineering, and mapping technicians .................................................................... Drafters 2 ............................................................................................................................. Architectural and civil drafters ........................................................................................ Electrical and electronics drafters ................................................................................... Mechanical drafters ........................................................................................................ Engineering technicians, except drafters 2 ......................................................................... Aerospace engineering and operations technicians ....................................................... Civil engineering technicians .......................................................................................... Electrical and electronic engineering technicians ........................................................... Electro-mechanical technicians ...................................................................................... Environmental engineering technicians .......................................................................... Industrial engineering technicians .................................................................................. Mechanical engineering technicians ............................................................................... Surveying and mapping technicians ................................................................................... All other drafters, engineering, and mapping technicians 4 ................................................
2 587 204 136 113 23 64 9 56 3 1 478 78 3 8 33 228 74 292 156 136 47 194 36 158 5 24 215 5 16 14 243 905 216 106 38 72 478 15 92 204 31 19 62 55 60 150
2 809 233 161 133 28 68 10 58 4 1 587 74 3 10 33 246 78 309 160 149 65 213 38 175 5 25 225 5 16 12 267 990 222 110 38 74 526 15 99 224 35 24 67 61 74 167
1.8 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1
1.7 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1
222 29 25 20 5 4 1 2 0 109 -4 0 2 0 18 5 17 4 13 18 20 3 17 0 1 10 0 0 -1 24 85 6 4 0 1 48 0 7 20 4 5 5 6 14 17
8.6 14.1 18.1 17.3 22.2 5.6 15.1 4.2 10.9 7.3 -5.2 10.3 26.1 0.4 8.0 6.1 5.7 2.5 9.4 38.2 10.1 7.9 10.6 -5.0 4.1 4.8 -2.7 -0.1 -9.8 9.7 9.4 2.8 4.2 0.7 1.9 10.1 1.5 7.6 10.0 11.5 28.4 8.7 11.0 23.1 11.3
802 67 40 32 8 26 4 21 1 431 19 1 3 10 55 17 74 34 40 26 67 11 55 2 7 69 2 5 4 70 304 67 34 11 22 148 3 26 63 10 9 18 18 36 53
Life, Physical, and Social Science Occupations .................................................................. Life scientists ......................................................................................................................... Agricultural and food scientists .......................................................................................... Biological scientists ........................................................................................................... Biochemists and biophysicists ....................................................................................... Microbiologists ............................................................................................................... Zoologists and wildlife biologists ................................................................................... Biological scientists, all other ......................................................................................... Conservation scientists and foresters ................................................................................ Conservation scientists .................................................................................................. Foresters ....................................................................................................................... Medical scientists .............................................................................................................. Epidemiologists .............................................................................................................
1 237 214 18 75 17 16 15 27 33 19 14 62 4
1 450 253 20 90 21 20 16 33 34 20 14 79 5
0.9 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.9 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
212 39 2 14 4 3 1 6 1 1 1 17 1
17.2 18.2 9.1 19.0 22.9 20.0 7.7 22.3 4.4 4.1 4.7 27.3 32.5
511 91 5 38 9 8 6 15 11 6 5 28 2
1Total
job openings represent the sum of employment increases and net replacements. If employment change is negative, job openings due to growth are zero and total job openings equal net replacements. not included.
2Information about the detailed residual occupation for this broad occupation is 4This occupation was created by the OES survey. There is no SIC equivalent.
0.0 = Quantity equals more than zero but less than 0.05.
284
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 4-6. Employment by Occupation, 2002 and Projected 2012—Continued (Thousands of jobs, percent.) Employment Occupation
Number
Change 2002–2012
Percent distribution Number
2002
2012
2002
Percent
2012
Total job openings due to growth and replacement 2002–2012 1
Medical scientists, except epidemiologists .................................................................... All other life scientists ........................................................................................................ Physical scientists ................................................................................................................. Astronomers and physicists ............................................................................................... Astronomers .................................................................................................................. Physicists ....................................................................................................................... Atmospheric and space scientists ..................................................................................... Chemists and materials scientists ..................................................................................... Chemists ........................................................................................................................ Materials scientists ........................................................................................................ Environmental scientists and geoscientists ....................................................................... Environmental scientists and specialists, including health ............................................. Geoscientists, except hydrologists and geographers .................................................... Hydrologists ................................................................................................................... All other physical scientists ................................................................................................ Social scientists and related occupations .............................................................................. Economists ........................................................................................................................ Market and survey researchers ......................................................................................... Market research analysts .............................................................................................. Survey researchers ....................................................................................................... Psychologists 5 ................................................................................................................... Clinical, counseling, and school psychologists .............................................................. Industrial-organizational psychologists .......................................................................... Sociologists ....................................................................................................................... Urban and regional planners ............................................................................................. Miscellaneous social scientists and related workers 5 ........................................................ Anthropologists and archaeologists ............................................................................... Geographers .................................................................................................................. Historians ....................................................................................................................... Political scientists .......................................................................................................... All other social scientists and related workers 3 .................................................................. Life, physical, and social science technicians ....................................................................... Agricultural and food science technicians ......................................................................... Biological technicians ........................................................................................................ Chemical technicians ......................................................................................................... Geological and petroleum technicians ............................................................................... Nuclear technicians ........................................................................................................... Other life, physical, and social science technicians 5 ......................................................... Environmental science and protection technicians, including health ............................. Forensic science technicians ......................................................................................... Forest and conservation technicians ............................................................................. All other life, physical, and social science technicians 3 .....................................................
58 26 251 14 1 13 8 91 84 7 101 65 28 8 37 426 16 155 134 20 139 137 2 3 32 14 5 1 2 6 68 346 20 48 69 11 6 55 28 8 19 137
73 31 287 15 1 14 9 103 95 8 121 80 31 10 39 512 18 193 166 27 173 171 2 3 36 15 5 1 2 6 74 397 22 57 72 11 6 67 38 10 20 161
0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1
16 5 36 1 0 1 1 11 11 1 20 15 3 2 2 86 2 38 31 7 34 34 0 0 3 1 1 0 0 0 7 51 2 9 3 0 0 12 10 2 1 24
26.9 18.3 14.4 6.8 4.9 6.9 16.2 12.4 12.7 8.5 20.1 23.7 11.5 21.0 6.5 20.1 13.4 24.7 23.4 33.6 24.3 24.4 16.0 13.4 10.7 9.2 12.8 19.5 6.6 5.9 9.7 14.8 9.3 19.4 4.7 1.3 1.5 22.8 36.8 18.9 4.0 17.5
26 9 100 6 0 5 4 41 38 3 38 27 8 3 11 190 7 78 66 12 64 63 1 1 14 4 2 0 1 2 21 130 6 17 20 3 2 25 17 4 5 56
Community and Social Services Occupations ..................................................................... Counselors, social workers, and other community and social service specialists 2 ................ Counselors 2 ....................................................................................................................... Substance abuse and behavioral disorder counselors .................................................. Educational, vocational, and school counselors ............................................................ Marriage and family therapists ...................................................................................... Mental health counselors ............................................................................................... Rehabilitation counselors .............................................................................................. Social workers 2 .................................................................................................................. Child, family, and school social workers ........................................................................ Medical and public health social workers ...................................................................... Mental health and substance abuse social workers ...................................................... Miscellaneous community and social service specialists 2 ................................................. Health educators ........................................................................................................... Probation officers and correctional treatment specialists .............................................. Social and human service assistants ............................................................................ Religious workers 2 ................................................................................................................. Clergy ................................................................................................................................ Directors, religious activities and education ...................................................................... All other counselors, social, and religious workers 4 ...............................................................
2 190 1 436 526 67 228 23 85 122 477 274 107 95 434 45 84 305 506 400 105 248
2 764 1 853 645 83 262 29 107 164 604 338 138 128 605 54 97 454 593 463 131 318
1.5 1.0 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.2
1.7 1.1 0.4 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.2
574 417 119 16 34 5 23 41 127 64 31 33 171 10 12 149 87 62 25 70
26.2 29.0 22.6 23.3 15.0 22.4 26.7 33.8 26.7 23.2 28.6 34.5 39.4 21.9 14.7 48.7 17.3 15.5 24.1 28.3
992 695 239 31 86 11 42 69 209 111 49 49 247 18 27 202 181 144 37 116
Legal Occupations .................................................................................................................. Lawyers, judges, and related workers ................................................................................... Lawyers ............................................................................................................................. Judges, magistrates, and other judicial workers ................................................................ Administrative law judges, adjudicators, and hearing officers ....................................... Arbitrators, mediators, and conciliators ......................................................................... Judges, magistrate judges, and magistrates ................................................................. Legal support workers ........................................................................................................... Paralegals and legal assistants ......................................................................................... Miscellaneous legal support workers 2 ............................................................................... Court reporters .............................................................................................................. Law clerks ...................................................................................................................... Title examiners, abstractors, and searchers .................................................................. All other legal and related workers 4 .......................................................................................
1 168 747 695 51 19 6 27 320 200 121 18 48 55 101
1 357 869 813 56 20 7 29 380 257 123 20 50 53 109
0.8 0.5 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1
0.8 0.5 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1
190 122 118 4 1 1 2 60 57 3 2 2 -1 8
16.2 16.4 17.0 8.3 5.8 13.7 8.7 18.7 28.7 2.1 12.7 3.7 -2.7 7.6
327 218 207 11 3 2 6 91 73 17 4 7 6 19
1Total
job openings represent the sum of employment increases and net replacements. If employment change is negative, job openings due to growth are zero and total job openings equal net replacements.
2Information about the detailed residual occupation for this broad occupation is not included. 3This occupation contains two or more detailed SOC occupations. 4This occupation was created by the OES survey. There is no SIC equivalent. 5This minor occupation group contains a detailed occupation from another minor occupation group.
0.0 = Quantity equals more than zero but less than 0.05.
285
PROJECTIONS OF LABOR FORCE AND EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION
Table 4-6. Employment by Occupation, 2002 and Projected 2012—Continued (Thousands of jobs, percent.) Employment Occupation
Number
Change 2002–2012
Percent distribution Number
2002
2012
2002
Percent
2012
Total job openings due to growth and replacement 2002–2012 1
Education, Training, and Library Occupations ..................................................................... Postsecondary teachers ........................................................................................................ Primary, secondary, and special education teachers ............................................................ Preschool and kindergarten teachers ................................................................................ Preschool teachers, except special education .............................................................. Kindergarten teachers, except special education .......................................................... Elementary and middle school teachers ............................................................................ Elementary school teachers, except special education ................................................. Middle school teachers, except special and vocational education ................................ Vocational education teachers, middle school .............................................................. Secondary school teachers ............................................................................................... Secondary school teachers, except special and vocational education ........................... Vocational education teachers, secondary school ........................................................ Special education teachers ............................................................................................... Other teachers and instructors .............................................................................................. Adult literacy, remedial education, and GED teachers and instructors ............................. Self-enrichment education teachers .................................................................................. All other teachers, primary, secondary, and adult 4 ............................................................ Librarians, curators, and archivists ........................................................................................ Archivists, curators, and museum technicians .................................................................. Librarians ........................................................................................................................... Library technicians ............................................................................................................. Other education, training, and library occupations ................................................................ Audio-visual collections specialists .................................................................................... Farm and home management advisors ............................................................................. Instructional coordinators .................................................................................................. Teacher assistants ............................................................................................................ All other library, museum, training, and other education workers 4 ....................................
8 530 1 581 4 187 592 424 168 2 070 1 467 585 18 1 093 988 105 433 960 80 200 679 309 22 167 119 1 493 10 16 98 1 277 93
10 639 2 184 4 983 791 577 214 2 347 1 690 637 19 1 282 1 167 115 563 1 285 96 281 908 349 26 184 139 1 838 11 17 123 1 571 116
5.9 1.1 2.9 0.4 0.3 0.1 1.4 1.0 0.4 0.0 0.8 0.7 0.1 0.3 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.9 0.1
6.4 1.3 3.0 0.5 0.3 0.1 1.4 1.0 0.4 0.0 0.8 0.7 0.1 0.3 0.8 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 1.0 0.1
2 109 603 795 199 153 46 277 223 52 2 189 180 10 130 325 16 80 229 41 4 17 20 345 2 1 25 294 23
24.7 38.1 19.0 33.6 36.2 27.2 13.4 15.2 9.0 9.0 17.3 18.2 9.0 30.0 33.9 20.4 40.1 33.7 13.2 17.0 10.1 16.8 23.1 16.3 6.9 25.4 23.0 24.6
3 890 960 1 733 270 204 66 734 547 182 5 497 458 39 233 444 26 105 312 129 9 57 64 624 3 3 40 541 37
Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media Occupations ........................................... Art and design occupations ................................................................................................... Artists and related workers ................................................................................................ Art directors ................................................................................................................... Fine artists, including painters, sculptors, and illustrators ............................................. Multi-media artists and animators .................................................................................. Designers .......................................................................................................................... Commercial and industrial designers ............................................................................ Fashion designers ......................................................................................................... Floral designers ............................................................................................................. Graphic designers ......................................................................................................... Interior designers ........................................................................................................... Merchandise displayers and window trimmers .............................................................. Set and exhibit designers .............................................................................................. All other art and design workers 3 .......................................................................................
2 377 775 149 51 23 75 532 52 15 104 212 60 77 12 95
2 769 900 170 56 27 87 625 59 16 117 258 73 86 15 106
1.7 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1
1.7 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1
393 125 21 6 4 12 93 8 2 13 46 13 9 3 11
16.5 16.1 14.4 11.4 16.5 15.8 17.4 14.7 10.6 12.4 21.9 21.7 11.3 20.9 11.5
847 245 54 17 9 28 164 15 4 27 75 21 19 4 28
Entertainers and Performers, Sports and Related Occupations .................................... Actors, producers, and directors ........................................................................................ Actors ............................................................................................................................ Producers and directors ................................................................................................ Athletes, coaches, umpires, and related workers .............................................................. Athletes and sports competitors .................................................................................... Coaches and scouts ...................................................................................................... Umpires, referees, and other sports officials ................................................................. Dancers and choreographers ............................................................................................ Dancers ......................................................................................................................... Choreographers ............................................................................................................. Musicians, singers, and related workers ........................................................................... Music directors and composers ..................................................................................... Musicians and singers ................................................................................................... All other entertainers and performers, sports and related workers ..................................... Media and communication occupations ................................................................................ Announcers ....................................................................................................................... News analysts, reporters and correspondents .................................................................. Public relations specialists ................................................................................................. Writers and editors ............................................................................................................ Editors ........................................................................................................................... Technical writers ............................................................................................................ Writers and authors ....................................................................................................... Miscellaneous media and communications workers ......................................................... Interpreters and translators ........................................................................................... All other media and communication workers ................................................................. Media and communication equipment occupations ............................................................... Broadcast and sound engineering technicians and radio operators ................................... Audio and video equipment technicians ........................................................................ Broadcast technicians ................................................................................................... Radio operators ............................................................................................................. Sound engineering technicians ..................................................................................... Photographers ................................................................................................................... Television, video, and motion picture camera operators and editors ................................. Camera operators, television, video, and motion picture .............................................. Film and video editors ................................................................................................... All other media and communication equipment workers ...................................................
606 139 63 76 158 15 130 14 37 20 17 215 54 161 56 700 76 66 158 319 130 50 139 82 24 58 295 93 42 35 3 13 130 48 28 19 24
709 164 74 90 187 18 153 16 42 22 20 250 62 189 65 815 68 70 210 370 145 63 161 97 29 68 345 111 53 39 3 16 148 56 32 25 29
0.4 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.4 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
103 25 11 14 29 3 24 2 5 2 3 35 7 27 9 115 -8 4 52 51 15 13 22 15 5 10 50 18 11 4 0 3 18 9 4 5 5
17.0 18.0 17.7 18.3 18.3 19.2 18.3 16.9 13.3 11.1 15.8 16.2 13.5 17.1 16.4 16.4 -10.1 6.2 32.9 16.0 11.8 27.1 16.1 18.6 22.1 17.2 16.9 19.6 26.7 11.3 -6.2 25.5 13.6 18.7 13.4 26.4 20.1
228 44 19 25 59 6 49 5 28 15 13 80 19 61 16 260 19 20 75 121 47 28 46 25 8 17 115 41 21 13 1 6 44 19 10 9 10
1Total
job openings represent the sum of employment increases and net replacements. If employment change is negative, job openings due to growth are zero and total job openings equal net replacements. occupation contains two or more detailed SOC occupations. occupation was created by the OES survey. There is no SIC equivalent. 0.0 = Quantity equals more than zero but less than 0.05. 3This 4This
286
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 4-6. Employment by Occupation, 2002 and Projected 2012—Continued (Thousands of jobs, percent.) Employment Occupation
Number
Change 2002–2012
Percent distribution Number
2002
2012
2002
Percent
2012
Total job openings due to growth and replacement 2002–2012 1
Health Care Practitioners and Technical Occupations ........................................................ Health diagnosing and treating practitioners ......................................................................... Chiropractors ..................................................................................................................... Dentists .............................................................................................................................. Dietitians and nutritionists .................................................................................................. Optometrists ...................................................................................................................... Pharmacists ....................................................................................................................... Physicians and surgeons ................................................................................................... Physician assistants .......................................................................................................... Podiatrists .......................................................................................................................... Registered nurses ............................................................................................................. Therapists 2 ......................................................................................................................... Audiologists ................................................................................................................... Occupational therapists ................................................................................................. Physical therapists ......................................................................................................... Radiation therapists ....................................................................................................... Recreational therapists .................................................................................................. Respiratory therapists .................................................................................................... Speech-language pathologists ...................................................................................... Veterinarians ..................................................................................................................... All other health diagnosing and treating practitioners 3 ...................................................... Health technologists and technicians 2 ................................................................................... Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians .............................................................. Medical and clinical laboratory technologists ................................................................ Medical and clinical laboratory technicians ................................................................... Dental hygienists ............................................................................................................... Diagnostic related technologists and technicians .............................................................. Cardiovascular technologists and technicians ............................................................... Diagnostic medical sonographers ................................................................................. Nuclear medicine technologists ..................................................................................... Radiologic technologists and technicians ...................................................................... Emergency medical technicians and paramedics ............................................................. Health diagnosing and treating practitioner support technicians ........................................ Dietetic technicians ........................................................................................................ Pharmacy technicians ................................................................................................... Psychiatric technicians .................................................................................................. Respiratory therapy technicians .................................................................................... Surgical technologists .................................................................................................... Veterinary technologists and technicians ...................................................................... Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses ............................................................ Medical records and health information technicians .......................................................... Opticians, dispensing ........................................................................................................ Miscellaneous health technologists and technicians 2 ........................................................ Orthotists and prosthetists ............................................................................................. Other health care practitioners and technical occupations 2 ................................................... Occupational health and safety specialists and technicians .............................................. Miscellaneous health practitioners and technical workers 2 ............................................... Athletic trainers .............................................................................................................. All other health practitioners and technical workers 3 .........................................................
6 580 4 071 49 153 49 32 230 583 63 13 2 284 450 11 82 137 14 27 86 94 58 107 2 263 297 150 147 148 271 43 37 17 174 179 451 29 211 60 26 72 53 702 147 63 5 5 56 41 14 14 190
8 288 5 125 60 159 58 38 299 697 94 15 2 908 592 14 110 185 18 29 116 120 72 134 2 857 355 179 176 212 338 58 45 21 214 238 574 35 271 63 35 92 76 844 216 75 6 6 65 47 19 19 241
4.6 2.8 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.0 1.6 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 1.6 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1
5.0 3.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.0 1.8 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 1.7 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1
1 708 1 054 11 6 9 5 69 114 31 2 623 142 3 29 48 4 2 30 26 14 26 593 58 29 29 64 67 15 9 4 40 59 123 6 61 4 9 20 23 142 69 11 1 1 10 5 4 4 52
26.0 25.9 23.3 4.1 17.8 17.1 30.1 19.5 48.9 15.0 27.3 31.7 29.0 35.2 35.3 31.6 9.1 34.8 27.2 25.1 24.5 26.2 19.4 19.3 19.4 43.1 24.8 33.5 24.0 23.6 22.9 33.1 27.2 20.2 28.8 5.9 34.2 27.9 44.1 20.2 46.8 18.2 18.9 18.9 17.4 13.2 29.9 29.9 27.2
2 959 1 849 21 32 21 14 114 191 40 5 1 101 231 6 40 62 7 9 58 49 28 50 1 002 138 69 68 76 118 23 16 7 72 80 181 10 88 11 12 30 30 295 90 23 2 2 22 14 7 7 86
Service Occupations ...................................................................................................................
26 569
31 905
18.4
19.3
5 336
20.1
12 962
Health Care Support Occupations ......................................................................................... Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides ......................................................................... Home health aides ............................................................................................................. Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants ........................................................................... Psychiatric aides ................................................................................................................ Occupational and physical therapist assistants and aides .................................................... Occupational therapist assistants and aides ..................................................................... Occupational therapist assistants .................................................................................. Occupational therapist aides ......................................................................................... Physical therapist assistants and aides ............................................................................. Physical therapist assistants ......................................................................................... Physical therapist aides ................................................................................................. Other health care support occupations .................................................................................. Massage therapists ........................................................................................................... Miscellaneous health care support occupations ................................................................ Dental assistants ........................................................................................................... Medical assistants ......................................................................................................... Medical equipment preparers ........................................................................................ Medical transcriptionists ................................................................................................ Pharmacy aides ............................................................................................................. Veterinary assistants and laboratory animal caretakers ................................................ All other health care support workers ............................................................................
3 310 2 014 580 1 375 59 114 27 18 8 87 50 37 1 182 92 1 090 266 365 36 101 60 63 198
4 452 2 645 859 1 718 68 164 38 26 12 127 73 54 1 644 117 1 527 379 579 43 124 71 79 251
2.3 1.4 0.4 1.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.1 0.8 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1
2.7 1.6 0.5 1.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.1 0.9 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2
1 143 630 279 343 9 50 11 7 4 40 22 17 462 25 437 113 215 7 23 11 16 53
34.5 31.3 48.1 24.9 14.5 44.2 40.2 39.2 42.6 45.4 44.6 46.4 39.1 27.1 40.1 42.5 58.9 18.1 22.6 17.6 26.2 26.6
1 669 894 355 523 16 68 14 10 5 54 31 23 706 43 664 187 282 13 41 22 28 89
1Total
job openings represent the sum of employment increases and net replacements. If employment change is negative, job openings due to growth are zero and total job openings equal net replacements. is not included.
2Information about the detailed residual occupation for this broad occupation 3This occupation contains two or more detailed SOC occupations.
0.0 = Quantity equals more than zero but less than 0.05.
287
PROJECTIONS OF LABOR FORCE AND EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION
Table 4-6. Employment by Occupation, 2002 and Projected 2012—Continued (Thousands of jobs, percent.) Employment Occupation
Number
Change 2002–2012
Percent distribution Number
2002
2012
2002
Percent
2012
Total job openings due to growth and replacement 2002–2012 1
Protective Service Occupations ............................................................................................. First-line supervisors/managers, protective service workers ................................................. First-line supervisors/managers, law enforcement workers .............................................. First-line supervisors/managers of correctional officers ................................................ First-line supervisors/managers of police and detectives .............................................. First-line supervisors/managers of firefighting and prevention workers ............................ All other first-line supervisors/managers, protective service workers ................................ Firefighting and prevention workers ...................................................................................... Firefighters ......................................................................................................................... Fire inspectors ................................................................................................................... Law enforcement workers ..................................................................................................... Bailiffs, correctional officers, and jailers ............................................................................ Bailiffs ............................................................................................................................ Correctional officers and jailers ..................................................................................... Detectives and criminal investigators ................................................................................ Fish and game wardens .................................................................................................... Parking enforcement workers ............................................................................................ Police officers .................................................................................................................... Police and sheriff’s patrol officers .................................................................................. Transit and railroad police ............................................................................................. Other protective service workers ........................................................................................... Animal control workers ...................................................................................................... Private detectives and investigators .................................................................................. Security guards and gaming surveillance officers ............................................................. Gaming surveillance officers and gaming investigators ................................................ Security guards .............................................................................................................. Crossing guards ................................................................................................................ All other protective service workers 3 ..................................................................................
3 116 266 147 33 114 63 56 296 282 14 1 179 442 15 427 94 8 11 625 619 6 1 374 11 48 1 004 9 995 74 237
3 885 315 171 40 131 74 70 356 340 16 1 460 547 16 531 115 8 12 779 772 7 1 753 12 60 1 324 11 1 313 86 271
2.2 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.8 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.4 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.7 0.1 0.2
2.4 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.9 0.3 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.5 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.8 0.1 0.2
769 49 24 6 17 12 13 60 58 2 281 105 1 103 21 1 1 154 153 1 379 1 12 319 2 317 12 34
24.7 18.3 16.1 19.0 15.3 18.7 23.9 20.3 20.7 11.6 23.9 23.7 9.5 24.2 22.4 7.1 11.5 24.6 24.7 15.9 27.6 12.6 25.3 31.8 24.6 31.9 16.5 14.3
1 649 136 71 16 55 37 28 146 140 6 563 197 5 192 46 2 3 315 313 2 804 9 22 538 4 534 36 199
Food Preparation and Serving Related Occupations .......................................................... Supervisors, food preparation and serving workers .............................................................. Chefs and head cooks ....................................................................................................... First-line supervisors/managers of food preparation and serving workers ........................ Cooks and food preparation workers 2 ................................................................................... Cooks 2 ............................................................................................................................... Cooks, fast food ............................................................................................................. Cooks, institution and cafeteria ..................................................................................... Cooks, private household .............................................................................................. Cooks, restaurant .......................................................................................................... Cooks, short order ......................................................................................................... Food preparation workers .................................................................................................. Food and beverage serving workers ..................................................................................... Bartenders ......................................................................................................................... Fast food and counter workers .......................................................................................... Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food ........................... Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession, and coffee shop ................................. Waiters and waitresses ..................................................................................................... Food servers, nonrestaurant ............................................................................................. Other food preparation and serving related workers 2 ............................................................ Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers ........................................... Dishwashers ...................................................................................................................... Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop ............................................... All other food preparation and serving related workers 3 ....................................................
10 200 824 132 692 2 836 1 986 588 436 8 727 227 850 5 211 463 2 457 1 990 467 2 097 195 1 328 409 505 298 117
11 807 952 153 800 3 182 2 160 617 445 8 843 247 1 022 6 171 503 2 989 2 444 545 2 464 215 1 502 470 551 347 134
7.1 0.6 0.1 0.5 2.0 1.4 0.4 0.3 0.0 0.5 0.2 0.6 3.6 0.3 1.7 1.4 0.3 1.5 0.1 0.9 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.1
7.1 0.6 0.1 0.5 1.9 1.3 0.4 0.3 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.6 3.7 0.3 1.8 1.5 0.3 1.5 0.1 0.9 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1
1 607 128 21 107 346 174 29 9 0 116 20 172 960 40 532 454 78 367 20 173 61 46 49 18
15.8 15.6 15.8 15.5 12.2 8.8 4.9 2.1 -5.4 15.9 9.0 20.2 18.4 8.6 21.7 22.8 16.7 17.5 10.4 13.0 14.9 9.0 16.4 15.2
5 659 332 60 272 1 262 789 211 144 3 341 91 473 3 454 223 1 699 1 317 383 1 446 85 611 198 216 143 54
Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations ........................................ Supervisors, building and grounds cleaning and maintenance workers ................................ First-line supervisors/managers of housekeeping and janitorial workers .......................... First-line supervisors/managers of landscaping, lawn service, and groundskeeping workers ......................................................................................................................... Building cleaning and pest control workers ........................................................................... Building cleaning workers 2 ................................................................................................. Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners ................................ Maids and housekeeping cleaners ................................................................................ Pest control workers .......................................................................................................... Grounds maintenance workers 2 ............................................................................................ Grounds maintenance workers ........................................................................................... Landscaping and groundskeeping workers ................................................................... Pesticide handlers, sprayers, and applicators, vegetation ............................................ Tree trimmers and pruners ............................................................................................ All other building and grounds cleaning and maintenance workers 3 .................................
5 485 380 230
6 386 449 267
3.8 0.3 0.2
3.9 0.3 0.2
901 70 37
16.4 18.4 16.2
2 000 138 92
150 3 820 3 759 2 267 1 492 62 1 285 1 160 1 074 27 59 125
182 4 381 4 309 2 681 1 629 72 1 555 1 410 1 311 30 69 145
0.1 2.7 2.6 1.6 1.0 0.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.1
0.1 2.7 2.6 1.6 1.0 0.0 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.1
32 561 550 414 137 10 270 250 237 3 11 20
21.6 14.7 14.6 18.3 9.2 17.0 21.0 21.5 22.0 9.7 18.6 16.1
46 1 314 1 294 844 450 20 548 503 470 9 24 46
Personal Care and Service Occupations .............................................................................. Supervisors, personal care and service workers ................................................................... First-line supervisors/managers of gaming workers .......................................................... Gaming supervisors ....................................................................................................... Slot key persons ............................................................................................................ First-line supervisors/managers of personal service workers ............................................ Animal care and service workers ........................................................................................... Animal trainers ................................................................................................................... Nonfarm animal caretakers ...............................................................................................
4 458 276 60 39 21 216 151 26 125
5 375 305 69 45 24 236 183 30 153
3.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1
3.3 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1
917 29 9 6 3 20 32 4 28
20.6 10.7 15.4 15.7 14.8 9.4 20.8 14.3 22.2
1 985 96 22 14 8 74 68 9 59
1Total
job openings represent the sum of employment increases and net replacements. If employment change is negative, job openings due to growth are zero and total job openings equal net replacements. is not included.
2Information about the detailed residual occupation for this broad occupation 3This occupation contains two or more detailed SOC occupations.
0.0 = Quantity equals more than zero but less than 0.05.
288
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 4-6. Employment by Occupation, 2002 and Projected 2012—Continued (Thousands of jobs, percent.) Employment Occupation
Number
Change 2002–2012
Percent distribution Number
2002
2012
2002
Percent
2012
Total job openings due to growth and replacement 2002–2012 1
Entertainment attendants and related workers ...................................................................... Gaming services workers 2 ................................................................................................. Gaming dealers ............................................................................................................. Gaming and sports book writers and runners ................................................................ Motion picture projectionists .............................................................................................. Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers ....................................................................... Miscellaneous entertainment attendants and related workers 2 ......................................... Amusement and recreation attendants .......................................................................... Costume attendants ...................................................................................................... Locker room, coatroom, and dressing room attendants ................................................ All other gaming service workers 4 ..................................................................................... Funeral service workers ........................................................................................................ Embalmers ........................................................................................................................ Funeral attendants ............................................................................................................. Personal appearance workers ............................................................................................... Barbers and cosmetologists .............................................................................................. Barbers .......................................................................................................................... Hairdressers, hairstylists, and cosmetologists ............................................................... Miscellaneous personal appearance workers ................................................................... Makeup artists, theatrical and performance .................................................................. Manicurists and pedicurists ........................................................................................... Shampooers .................................................................................................................. Skin care specialists ...................................................................................................... Transportation, tourism, and lodging attendants ................................................................... Baggage porters, bellhops, and concierges ...................................................................... Baggage porters and bellhops ....................................................................................... Concierges .................................................................................................................... Tour and travel guides ....................................................................................................... Tour guides and escorts ................................................................................................ Travel guides ................................................................................................................. Transportation attendants .................................................................................................. Flight attendants ............................................................................................................ Transportation attendants, except flight attendants and baggage porters ..................... Other personal care and service workers .............................................................................. Child care workers ............................................................................................................. Personal and home care aides .......................................................................................... Recreation and fitness workers ......................................................................................... Fitness trainers and aerobics instructors ....................................................................... Recreation workers ........................................................................................................ Residential advisors .......................................................................................................... Personal care and service workers, all other .....................................................................
507 92 78 14 9 105 261 234 4 23 40 33 7 26 754 651 66 585 103 2 51 25 25 248 75 58 17 43 36 6 130 104 26 2 490 1 211 608 485 183 302 53 134
626 115 97 18 9 121 333 299 5 29 49 38 7 31 865 741 70 671 124 2 63 29 30 284 86 67 20 47 40 6 152 121 31 3 073 1 353 854 628 264 364 71 168
0.4 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.5 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 1.7 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1
0.4 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.4 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 1.9 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.1
119 23 19 3 0 16 72 65 1 6 9 5 1 5 111 90 4 86 21 0 12 4 5 36 11 8 3 4 4 0 22 17 5 583 142 246 143 81 62 18 35
23.6 24.7 24.7 24.4 0.4 15.5 27.6 27.8 25.1 26.5 21.3 16.7 8.3 18.9 14.7 13.8 6.5 14.7 20.3 18.2 22.7 16.6 19.4 14.7 14.6 14.4 15.3 9.3 11.0 -0.3 16.5 15.9 18.9 23.4 11.7 40.5 29.5 44.5 20.5 33.6 25.9
300 52 44 8 5 76 147 132 2 13 21 12 2 10 262 221 23 199 41 1 21 9 10 84 31 24 7 15 14 2 38 30 8 1 161 471 343 254 123 131 29 63
Sales and Related Occupations ................................................................................................. Supervisors, sales workers ........................................................................................................ First-line supervisors/managers of retail sales workers ......................................................... First-line supervisors/managers of non-retail sales workers ................................................. Retail sales workers .................................................................................................................. Cashiers ................................................................................................................................ Cashiers, except gaming ................................................................................................... Gaming change persons and booth cashiers .................................................................... Counter and rental clerks and parts salespersons ................................................................ Counter and rental clerks .................................................................................................. Parts salespersons ........................................................................................................ Retail salespersons ........................................................................................................... Sales representatives, services 2 ............................................................................................ Advertising sales agents .................................................................................................... Insurance sales agents ...................................................................................................... Securities, commodities, and financial services sales agents ........................................... Travel agents ..................................................................................................................... Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing ........................................................... Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, technical and scientific products ... Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing, except technical and scientific products ........................................................................................................................ Other sales and related workers ............................................................................................ Models, demonstrators, and product promoters ................................................................ Demonstrators and product promoters .......................................................................... Models ........................................................................................................................... Real estate brokers and sales agents ............................................................................... Real estate brokers ....................................................................................................... Real estate sales agents ............................................................................................... Sales engineers ................................................................................................................. Telemarketers .................................................................................................................... Door-to-door sales workers, news and street vendors, and related workers ..................... All other sales and related workers 3 ..................................................................................
15 260 2 395 1 798 597 8 224 3 465 3 432 33 683 436 248 4 076 957 157 381 300 118 1 857 398
17 231 2 599 1 962 637 9 392 3 927 3 886 41 793 550 243 4 672 1 033 178 413 339 102 2 213 475
10.6 1.7 1.2 0.4 5.7 2.4 2.4 0.0 0.5 0.3 0.2 2.8 0.7 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.1 1.3 0.3
10.4 1.6 1.2 0.4 5.7 2.4 2.4 0.0 0.5 0.3 0.1 2.8 0.6 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.1 1.3 0.3
1 971 204 163 41 1 167 462 454 8 109 114 -5 596 76 21 32 39 -16 356 77
12.9 8.5 9.1 6.8 14.2 13.3 13.2 24.1 16.0 26.3 -2.0 14.6 7.9 13.4 8.4 13.0 -13.8 19.2 19.3
6 904 640 486 153 4 578 2 148 2 124 24 352 281 71 2 077 274 52 123 73 27 844 182
1 459 1 827 179 175 5 407 99 308 82 428 155 577
1 738 1 994 210 204 5 427 101 325 98 406 137 717
1.0 1.3 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.4
1.1 1.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.4
279 167 30 30 1 20 2 18 16 -21 -18 140
19.1 9.2 16.9 17.0 14.5 4.9 2.4 5.7 19.9 -4.9 -11.8 24.3
662 568 70 68 2 101 22 79 41 70 37 250
1Total
job openings represent the sum of employment increases and net replacements. If employment change is negative, job openings due to growth are zero and total job openings equal net replacements. not included.
2Information about the detailed residual occupation for this broad occupation is 3This occupation contains two or more detailed SOC occupations. 4This occupation was created by the OES survey. There is no SIC equivalent.
0.0 = Quantity equals more than zero but less than 0.05.
289
PROJECTIONS OF LABOR FORCE AND EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION
Table 4-6. Employment by Occupation, 2002 and Projected 2012—Continued (Thousands of jobs, percent.) Employment Occupation
Number
Change 2002–2012
Percent distribution Number
2002
2012
2002
Percent
2012
Total job openings due to growth and replacement 2002–2012 1
Office and Administrative Support Occupations ..................................................................... Supervisors, office and administrative support workers ............................................................ First-line supervisors/managers of office and administrative support workers ....................... Communications equipment operators ...................................................................................... Switchboard operators, including answering service ............................................................. Telephone operators ............................................................................................................. All other communications equipment operators .................................................................... Financial clerks .......................................................................................................................... Bill and account collectors ..................................................................................................... Billing and posting clerks and machine operators ................................................................. Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks ...................................................................... Gaming cage workers ............................................................................................................ Payroll and timekeeping clerks .............................................................................................. Procurement clerks ................................................................................................................ Tellers .................................................................................................................................... Information and record clerks 2 ................................................................................................... Brokerage clerks .................................................................................................................... Correspondence clerks .......................................................................................................... Court, municipal, and license clerks ...................................................................................... Credit authorizers, checkers, and clerks ............................................................................... Customer service representatives ......................................................................................... Eligibility interviewers, government programs ....................................................................... File clerks .............................................................................................................................. Hotel, motel, and resort desk clerks ...................................................................................... Interviewers, except eligibility and loan ................................................................................. Library assistants, clerical ..................................................................................................... Loan interviewers and clerks ................................................................................................. New accounts clerks .............................................................................................................. Order clerks ........................................................................................................................... Human resources assistants, except payroll and timekeeping .............................................. Receptionists and information clerks ..................................................................................... Reservation and transportation ticket agents and travel clerks ............................................. All other financial, information, and record clerks 4 ................................................................. Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing occupations ................................ Cargo and freight agents ....................................................................................................... Couriers and messengers ..................................................................................................... Dispatchers ............................................................................................................................ Police, fire, and ambulance dispatchers ............................................................................ Dispatchers, except police, fire, and ambulance ............................................................... Meter readers, utilities ........................................................................................................... Postal service workers ........................................................................................................... Postal service clerks .......................................................................................................... Postal service mail carriers ................................................................................................ Postal service mail sorters, processors, and processing machine operators ..................... Production, planning, and expediting clerks .......................................................................... Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks .................................................................................... Stock clerks and order fillers ................................................................................................. Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers, recordkeeping ............................................. All other material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing workers 4 ................... Secretaries and administrative assistants ................................................................................. Executive secretaries and administrative assistants ............................................................. Legal secretaries ................................................................................................................... Medical secretaries ................................................................................................................ Secretaries, except legal, medical, and executive ................................................................. Other office and administrative support workers ....................................................................... Computer operators ............................................................................................................... Data entry and information processing workers 2 .................................................................. Data entry keyers .............................................................................................................. Word processors and typists ............................................................................................. Desktop publishers ................................................................................................................ Insurance claims and policy processing clerks ...................................................................... Mail clerks and mail machine operators, except postal service .............................................. Office clerks, general ............................................................................................................. Office machine operators, except computer .......................................................................... Proofreaders and copy markers ............................................................................................ Statistical assistants .............................................................................................................. All other secretaries, administrative assistants, and other office workers ..............................
23 851 1 459 1 459 304 236 50 19 3 726 413 507 1 983 18 198 77 530 5 394 78 33 106 80 1 894 94 265 178 193 120 170 99 330 174 1 100 177 304 4 005 59 132 262 92 170 54 664 77 334 253 288 803 1 628 81 34 4 104 1 526 264 339 1 975 4 858 182 633 392 241 35 266 170 2 991 96 27 23 435
25 464 1 555 1 555 272 236 22 14 3 987 514 547 2 042 21 211 72 580 6 310 67 33 119 74 2 354 83 264 220 247 146 146 110 311 207 1 425 199 306 4 025 68 138 298 104 194 46 636 77 333 226 328 827 1 560 93 32 4 288 1 658 313 398 1 918 5 027 151 519 371 148 45 276 165 3 301 91 26 22 431
16.6 1.0 1.0 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 2.6 0.3 0.4 1.4 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.4 3.7 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 1.3 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.8 0.1 0.2 2.8 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.6 1.1 0.1 0.0 2.8 1.1 0.2 0.2 1.4 3.4 0.1 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.1 2.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.3
15.4 0.9 0.9 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 2.4 0.3 0.3 1.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.4 3.8 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 1.4 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.9 0.1 0.2 2.4 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.5 0.9 0.1 0.0 2.6 1.0 0.2 0.2 1.2 3.0 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 2.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.3
1 613 96 96 -32 1 -28 -5 261 101 40 59 3 13 -5 50 916 -11 0 13 -5 460 -11 -1 42 54 26 -24 11 -19 33 325 22 2 20 9 5 36 12 24 -8 -28 0 -2 -26 40 24 -68 12 -2 184 132 50 58 -57 169 -30 -114 -21 -93 10 10 -5 310 -4 -1 -2 -4
6.8 6.6 6.6 -10.5 0.3 -56.3 -24.6 7.0 24.5 7.9 3.0 14.5 6.5 -6.7 9.4 17.0 -14.7 -1.4 12.3 -6.7 24.3 -11.6 -0.3 23.9 28.0 21.5 -14.3 11.2 -5.7 19.3 29.5 12.2 0.5 0.5 15.5 4.0 13.8 12.7 14.4 -14.1 -4.3 -0.5 -0.5 -10.5 14.1 3.0 -4.2 14.6 -6.9 4.5 8.7 18.8 17.2 -2.9 3.5 -16.7 -18.1 -5.4 -38.6 29.2 3.6 -2.9 10.4 -4.6 -4.8 -7.2 -0.9
7 499 409 409 78 61 13 4 1 143 179 126 431 12 65 20 311 2 134 10 10 36 15 741 25 78 122 104 75 23 36 74 71 595 68 49 1 306 22 36 92 32 61 17 192 20 105 67 110 189 602 32 13 1 026 424 100 123 378 1 404 39 146 93 53 18 53 51 972 24 6 4 92
Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Occupations ........................................................................... Supervisors, farming, fishing, and forestry workers ................................................................... Agricultural workers ................................................................................................................... Agricultural inspectors ........................................................................................................... Animal breeders .................................................................................................................... Graders and sorters, agricultural products ............................................................................ Miscellaneous agricultural workers 2 ...................................................................................... Agricultural equipment operators ....................................................................................... Farmworkers and laborers, crop, nursery, and greenhouse ............................................... Farmworkers, farm and ranch animals .............................................................................. Fishing and hunting workers ...................................................................................................... Fishers and related fishing workers .......................................................................................
1 072 52 804 16 9 49 731 61 617 53 38 36
1 107 58 840 17 10 52 762 65 641 56 28 27
0.7 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.7 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0
35 6 36 1 1 3 31 4 24 2 -10 -10
3.3 11.4 4.5 6.7 6.1 6.7 4.3 7.3 4.0 4.4 -25.5 -26.8
335 18 261 5 2 16 238 22 199 17 11 10
1Total
job openings represent the sum of employment increases and net replacements. If employment change is negative, job openings due to growth are zero and total job openings equal net replacements. not included.
2Information about the detailed residual occupation for this broad occupation is 4This occupation was created by the OES survey. There is no SIC equivalent.
0.0 = Quantity equals more than zero but less than 0.05.
290
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 4-6. Employment by Occupation, 2002 and Projected 2012—Continued (Thousands of jobs, percent.) Employment
Occupation
Number
Change 2002–2012
Percent distribution Number
2002
2012
2002
Percent
2012
Total job openings due to growth and replacement 2002–2012 1
Hunters and trappers ............................................................................................................. Forest, conservation, and logging workers ................................................................................ Forest and conservation workers .......................................................................................... Logging workers 2 ................................................................................................................... Fallers ................................................................................................................................ Logging equipment operators ............................................................................................ Log graders and scalers .................................................................................................... All other farming, fishing, and forestry workers 3 ........................................................................
1 81 14 67 14 43 10 96
2 80 15 65 14 41 10 101
0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1
0 -2 1 -2 0 -2 0 4
6.5 -1.9 4.5 -3.2 -3.4 -3.7 -1.2 4.5
1 16 4 12 3 8 2 28
Construction and Extraction Occupations ............................................................................... Supervisors, construction and extraction workers ..................................................................... First-line supervisors/managers of construction trades and extraction workers ..................... Construction trades and related workers ................................................................................... Boilermakers .......................................................................................................................... Brickmasons, blockmasons, and stonemasons ..................................................................... Brickmasons and blockmasons ......................................................................................... Stonemasons ..................................................................................................................... Carpenters ............................................................................................................................. Carpet, floor, and tile installers and finishers ......................................................................... Carpet installers ................................................................................................................. Floor layers, except carpet, wood, and hard tiles .............................................................. Floor sanders and finishers ............................................................................................... Tile and marble setters ...................................................................................................... Cement masons, concrete finishers, and terrazzo workers ................................................... Cement masons and concrete finishers ............................................................................ Terrazzo workers and finishers ......................................................................................... Construction laborers ............................................................................................................ Construction equipment operators ........................................................................................ Paving, surfacing, and tamping equipment operators ....................................................... Pile-driver operators .......................................................................................................... Operating engineers and other construction equipment operators ................................... Drywall installers, ceiling tile installers, and tapers ................................................................ Drywall and ceiling tile installers ........................................................................................ Tapers ............................................................................................................................... Electricians ............................................................................................................................ Glaziers ................................................................................................................................. Insulation workers .................................................................................................................. Painters and paperhangers ................................................................................................... Painters, construction and maintenance ........................................................................... Paperhangers .................................................................................................................... Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters ................................................................ Pipelayers .......................................................................................................................... Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters .............................................................................. Plasterers and stucco masons .............................................................................................. Reinforcing iron and rebar workers ....................................................................................... Roofers .................................................................................................................................. Sheet metal workers .............................................................................................................. Structural iron and steel workers ........................................................................................... Helpers, construction trades ...................................................................................................... Helpers, construction trades .................................................................................................. Helpers—Brickmasons, blockmasons, stonemasons, and tile and marble setters ............ Helpers—Carpenters ......................................................................................................... Helpers—Electricians ........................................................................................................ Helpers—Painters, paperhangers, plasterers, and stucco masons .................................. Helpers—Pipelayers, plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters ............................................ Helpers—Roofers .............................................................................................................. All other helpers, construction trades ................................................................................ Other construction and related workers 2 ................................................................................... Construction and building inspectors ..................................................................................... Elevator installers and repairers ............................................................................................ Fence erectors ....................................................................................................................... Hazardous materials removal workers .................................................................................. Highway maintenance workers .............................................................................................. Rail-track laying and maintenance equipment operators ...................................................... Septic tank servicers and sewer pipe cleaners ..................................................................... Miscellaneous construction and related workers 2 .................................................................. Segmental pavers .............................................................................................................. All other construction trades and related workers 4 .................................................................... Extraction workers ..................................................................................................................... Derrick, rotary drill, and service unit operators, oil, gas, and mining ..................................... Derrick operators, oil and gas ............................................................................................ Rotary drill operators, oil and gas ...................................................................................... Service unit operators, oil, gas, and mining ....................................................................... Earth drillers, except oil and gas ........................................................................................... Explosives workers, ordnance handling experts, and blasters .............................................. Mining machine operators ..................................................................................................... Continuous mining machine operators .............................................................................. Mine cutting and channeling machine operators ............................................................... All other mining machine operators ................................................................................... Rock splitters, quarry ............................................................................................................. Roof bolters, mining ............................................................................................................... Roustabouts, oil and gas ....................................................................................................... Helpers—Extraction workers ................................................................................................. Extraction workers, all other ..................................................................................................
7 292 633 633 5 596 25 165 148 17 1 209 164 82 31 17 33 188 182 6 938 416 58 5 353 176 135 41 659 49 53 468 448 20 550 58 492 59 29 166 205 78 431 431 59 97 99 31 79 21 44 354 84 21 27 38 154 11 18 2 2 110 167 41 15 14 13 23 5 18 8 5 4 3 4 32 29 12
8 388 722 722 6 452 25 188 169 19 1 331 191 96 35 18 42 236 229 7 1 070 460 65 6 389 214 164 49 814 57 62 521 500 21 649 65 584 67 33 197 246 90 490 490 61 111 117 36 88 25 53 408 95 25 31 54 170 9 22 3 3 146 169 41 15 14 13 25 5 16 7 5 4 3 3 34 30 12
5.1 0.4 0.4 3.9 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.7 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
5.1 0.4 0.4 3.9 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.6 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1 096 89 89 857 0 23 21 2 122 27 14 4 1 9 48 47 1 133 45 7 0 37 37 29 8 154 8 8 53 52 1 99 7 92 8 5 31 41 12 59 59 1 14 18 5 9 4 9 54 12 4 4 16 16 -1 4 0 0 35 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 -2 -2 0 0 0 -1 2 1 0
15.0 14.1 14.1 15.3 1.7 14.2 14.2 14.1 10.1 16.8 16.8 13.4 4.2 26.5 25.7 26.1 15.2 14.2 10.7 12.6 8.2 10.4 21.3 21.4 20.8 23.4 17.2 15.8 11.4 11.6 5.9 18.0 11.8 18.7 13.5 16.7 18.6 19.8 15.9 13.7 13.7 2.2 14.0 17.9 15.9 10.9 19.3 19.4 15.2 13.8 17.1 13.4 43.1 10.4 -11.5 21.2 16.5 16.5 32.0 1.2 0.5 0.8 1.5 -0.8 7.7 2.0 -13.3 -18.5 -7.1 -10.8 14.3 -27.7 6.4 3.9 -0.8
2 548 197 197 1 887 9 48 43 5 319 53 27 9 3 14 86 84 2 258 144 16 1 127 76 58 17 285 19 25 124 120 4 225 20 205 19 10 70 90 28 238 238 26 54 59 18 42 13 27 123 30 9 8 26 38 2 9 1 1 53 51 12 4 4 4 7 2 5 2 1 1 1 1 11 9 3
1Total job openings represent the sum of employment increases and net replacements. If employment change is negative, job openings due to growth are zero and total job openings equal
net replacements. 2Information about the detailed residual occupation for this broad occupation is not included. 3This occupation contains two or more detailed SOC occupations. 4This occupation was created by the OES survey. There is no SIC equivalent.
0.0 = Quantity equals more than zero but less than 0.05.
291
PROJECTIONS OF LABOR FORCE AND EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION
Table 4-6. Employment by Occupation, 2002 and Projected 2012—Continued (Thousands of jobs, percent.) Employment Occupation
Number
Change 2002–2012
Percent distribution Number
2002
Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Occupations ................................................................ Supervisors of installation, maintenance, and repair workers ................................................... First-line supervisors/managers of mechanics, installers, and repairers ............................... Electrical and electronic equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers ................................. Computer, automated teller, and office machine repairers .................................................... Radio and telecommunications equipment installers and repairers ...................................... Radio mechanics ............................................................................................................... Telecommunications equipment installers and repairers, except line installers ................. Miscellaneous electrical and electronic equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers ....... Avionics technicians .......................................................................................................... Electric motor, power tool, and related repairers ............................................................... Electrical and electronics installers and repairers, transportation equipment ..................... Electrical and electronics repairers, commercial and industrial equipment ........................ Electrical and electronics repairers, powerhouse, substation, and relay ........................... Electronic equipment installers and repairers, motor vehicles .......................................... Electronic home entertainment equipment installers and repairers ................................... Security and fire alarm systems installers ......................................................................... All other electrical and electronic equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers 4 .............. Vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers ......................................... Aircraft mechanics and service technicians ........................................................................... Automotive technicians and repairers ................................................................................... Automotive body and related repairers .............................................................................. Automotive glass installers and repairers .......................................................................... Automotive service technicians and mechanics ................................................................ Bus and truck mechanics and diesel engine specialists ........................................................ Heavy vehicle and mobile equipment service technicians and mechanics ........................... Farm equipment mechanics .............................................................................................. Mobile heavy equipment mechanics, except engines ....................................................... Rail car repairers ............................................................................................................... Small engine mechanics ........................................................................................................ Motorboat mechanics ........................................................................................................ Motorcycle mechanics ....................................................................................................... Outdoor power equipment and other small engine mechanics ......................................... Miscellaneous vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers ............... Bicycle repairers ................................................................................................................ Recreational vehicle service technicians ........................................................................... Tire repairers and changers .............................................................................................. All other vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers 4 ...................... Other installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ........................................................... Control and valve installers and repairers ............................................................................. Mechanical door repairers ................................................................................................. Control and valve installers and repairers, except mechanical door ................................. Heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration mechanics and installers ................................... Home appliance repairers ..................................................................................................... Industrial machinery installation, repair, and maintenance workers ...................................... Industrial machinery mechanics ........................................................................................ Maintenance and repair workers, general ......................................................................... Maintenance workers, machinery ...................................................................................... Millwrights .......................................................................................................................... Refractory materials repairers, except brickmasons ......................................................... Line installers and repairers .................................................................................................. Electrical power-line installers and repairers ..................................................................... Telecommunications line installers and repairers .............................................................. Precision instrument and equipment repairers ...................................................................... Camera and photographic equipment repairers ................................................................ Medical equipment repairers ............................................................................................. Musical instrument repairers and tuners ........................................................................... Watch repairers ................................................................................................................. All other precision instrument and equipment repairers .................................................... Miscellaneous installation, maintenance, and repair workers ............................................... Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers and repairers ..................................... Commercial divers ............................................................................................................. Fabric menders, except garment ....................................................................................... Locksmiths and safe repairers ........................................................................................... Manufactured building and mobile home installers ........................................................... Riggers .............................................................................................................................. Signal and track switch repairers ....................................................................................... Helpers—Installation, maintenance, and repair workers ................................................... Installation, maintenance, and repair workers, all other .................................................... 1Total
5 696 444 444 689 156 226 7 219 284 23 31 18 85 21 18 43 46 22 1 817 131 1 038 198 22 818 267 176 35 126 15 67 22 15 30 102 7 13 83 36 2 746 49 11 38 249 42 1 628 197 1 266 92 69 4 268 101 167 64 7 29 6 5 17 447 43 4 2 23 18 14 8 150 185
2012
6 472 512 512 746 180 222 5 217 317 24 33 19 94 21 21 46 60 26 2 043 145 1 168 225 24 919 305 191 38 138 15 79 26 18 36 113 8 15 89 41 3 171 55 13 42 328 44 1 855 208 1 472 97 73 4 301 103 199 69 6 33 7 5 18 518 49 5 2 28 22 16 8 181 207
2002
4.0 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3 0.1 0.7 0.1 0.0 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 1.1 0.1 0.9 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1
Percent
2012
3.9 0.3 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.1 0.7 0.1 0.0 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 1.1 0.1 0.9 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1
776 68 68 57 24 -4 -2 -1 33 1 2 1 9 0 3 4 14 4 226 14 130 26 2 101 38 15 3 12 1 12 4 3 6 11 1 3 7 6 424 7 2 5 79 2 227 11 207 5 4 0 33 2 31 6 0 4 0 0 1 71 6 0 0 5 4 2 0 30 23
13.6 15.4 15.4 8.3 15.1 -1.6 -29.3 -0.6 11.5 3.4 5.3 7.1 10.3 -0.6 14.8 8.6 30.2 19.6 12.4 11.0 12.5 13.2 10.7 12.4 14.2 8.8 7.7 9.6 4.5 18.7 18.3 18.7 18.9 10.4 18.8 21.8 8.0 15.4 15.5 14.1 21.8 12.0 31.8 5.5 13.9 5.5 16.3 5.9 5.3 5.6 12.3 1.6 18.8 8.6 -7.1 14.8 6.3 3.5 7.0 15.8 15.2 10.6 -2.2 21.0 23.3 14.3 -3.1 20.3 12.2
Total job openings due to growth and replacement 2002–2012 1
2 087 180 180 193 43 47 2 45 95 6 9 6 27 5 7 12 23 9 695 45 392 67 6 319 107 54 10 39 4 29 9 7 13 54 4 8 42 15 1 019 19 5 14 112 12 548 51 450 26 21 1 111 34 77 24 2 12 2 2 6 193 17 1 1 12 9 5 3 81 65
job openings represent the sum of employment increases and net replacements. If employment change is negative, job openings due to growth are zero and total job openings equal net replacements. occupation was created by the OES survey. There is no SIC equivalent. 0.0 = Quantity equals more than zero but less than 0.05. 4This
292
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 4-6. Employment by Occupation, 2002 and Projected 2012—Continued (Thousands of jobs, percent.) Employment Occupation
Number
Change 2002–2012
Percent distribution Number
2002
Production Occupations ............................................................................................................. Supervisors, production workers ............................................................................................... First-line supervisors/managers of production and operating workers .................................. Assemblers and fabricators ....................................................................................................... Aircraft structure, surfaces, rigging, and systems assemblers .............................................. Electrical, electronics, and electromechanical assemblers ................................................... Coil winders, tapers, and finishers ..................................................................................... Electrical and electronic equipment assemblers ............................................................... Electromechanical equipment assemblers ........................................................................ Engine and other machine assemblers ................................................................................. Structural metal fabricators and fitters ................................................................................... Miscellaneous assemblers and fabricators ............................................................................ Fiberglass laminators and fabricators ................................................................................ Team assemblers .............................................................................................................. Timing device assemblers, adjusters, and calibrators ....................................................... All other assemblers and fabricators ................................................................................. Food processing occupations .................................................................................................... Bakers ................................................................................................................................... Butchers and other meat, poultry, and fish processing workers ............................................ Butchers and meat cutters ................................................................................................. Meat, poultry, and fish cutters and trimmers ..................................................................... Slaughterers and meat packers ......................................................................................... Miscellaneous food processing workers ................................................................................ Food and tobacco roasting, baking, and drying machine operators and tenders ............... Food batchmakers ............................................................................................................. Food cooking machine operators and tenders .................................................................. All other food processing workers 4 ........................................................................................ Metal workers and plastic workers 2 ........................................................................................... Computer control programmers and operators ..................................................................... Computer-controlled machine tool operators, metal and plastic ....................................... Numerical tool and process control programmers ............................................................. Forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic .................................... Extruding and drawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic .......... Forging machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic ................................. Rolling machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic .................................. Machine tool cutting setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic ................................ Cutting, punching, and press machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic ............................................................................................................................ Drilling and boring machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic .......... Grinding, lapping, polishing, and buffing machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic ........................................................................................................... Lathe and turning machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic ........... Milling and planing machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic ................ Machinists .............................................................................................................................. Metal furnace and kiln operators and tenders ....................................................................... Metal refining furnace operators and tenders .................................................................... Pourers and casters, metal ................................................................................................ Model makers and patternmakers, metal and plastic ............................................................ Model makers, metal and plastic ....................................................................................... Patternmakers, metal and plastic ...................................................................................... Molders and molding machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic ................. Foundry mold and coremakers .......................................................................................... Molding, coremaking, and casting machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic ........................................................................................................................... Multiple machine tool setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic .............................. Tool and die makers .............................................................................................................. Welding, soldering, and brazing workers ............................................................................... Welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers ........................................................................... Welding, soldering, and brazing machine setters, operators, and tenders ......................... Miscellaneous metalworkers and plastic workers .................................................................. Heat treating equipment setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic ...................... Lay out workers, metal and plastic .................................................................................... Plating and coating machine setters, operators, and tenders, metal and plastic ............... Tool grinders, filers, and sharpeners ................................................................................. All other metal workers and plastic workers ...................................................................... Printing occupations .................................................................................................................. Bookbinders and bindery workers ......................................................................................... Bindery workers ................................................................................................................. Bookbinders ....................................................................................................................... Printers .................................................................................................................................. Job printers ........................................................................................................................ Prepress technicians and workers ..................................................................................... Printing machine operators ................................................................................................ All other printing workers 4 ...................................................................................................... Textile, apparel, and furnishings occupations ........................................................................... Laundry and dry-cleaning workers ........................................................................................ Pressers, textile, garment, and related materials .................................................................. Sewing machine operators .................................................................................................... Shoe and leather workers ...................................................................................................... Shoe and leather workers and repairers ........................................................................... 1Total
2012
2002
Percent
2012
Total job openings due to growth and replacement 2002–2012 1
11 258 733 733 2 122 27 377 36 281 60 50 89 1 579 37 1 174 7 361 757 173 414 132 154 128 127 19 74 34 42 2 367 151 132 19 188 98 45 44 546
11 612 803 803 2 044 24 316 31 230 55 49 94 1 561 39 1 155 6 360 836 192 459 129 179 151 137 20 79 37 48 2 544 166 144 22 198 105 48 45 569
7.8 0.5 0.5 1.5 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 1.1 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 1.6 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.4
7.0 0.5 0.5 1.2 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.9 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.3
354 70 70 -77 -2 -61 -5 -51 -5 -1 6 -18 2 -19 0 -1 79 19 45 -3 25 23 9 1 5 3 6 177 15 12 3 11 7 3 1 24
3.1 9.5 9.5 -3.6 -9.4 -16.3 -13.9 -18.3 -8.3 -1.9 6.2 -1.1 5.6 -1.6 -3.0 -0.2 10.5 11.2 10.9 -2.5 16.4 18.1 7.2 4.2 7.2 8.8 13.4 7.5 9.8 9.3 13.0 5.6 7.1 5.9 2.0 4.3
3 361 224 224 547 7 89 9 66 14 14 26 410 12 304 2 93 254 59 139 29 59 51 41 6 23 11 15 754 40 34 6 60 40 9 11 144
283 53
302 54
0.2 0.0
0.2 0.0
19 1
6.8 2.1
85 17
104 75 31 387 31 18 13 15 9 6 174 23
106 75 31 419 30 17 13 16 10 7 189 24
0.1 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0
0.1 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0
3 1 0 32 0 0 0 1 1 0 14 1
2.4 0.8 0.8 8.2 -1.3 -0.8 -2.0 9.8 14.6 3.6 8.2 3.6
22 15 6 122 7 4 3 6 4 2 58 7
151 99 109 452 391 61 215 29 13 44 26 104 465 98 91 7 346 56 91 199 21 1 085 231 91 315 23 16
165 107 110 518 457 62 221 29 15 42 24 111 466 93 86 7 350 61 81 208 23 932 260 91 216 18 14
0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.8 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0
14 8 0 67 66 1 6 0 2 -1 -2 7 1 -5 -5 0 4 5 -10 9 2 -152 29 0 -99 -4 -3
8.9 8.3 0.4 14.8 17.0 0.9 2.6 -0.6 15.6 -2.6 -7.7 6.6 0.3 -4.7 -5.2 1.3 1.2 9.2 -11.2 4.6 9.3 -14.1 12.3 -0.2 -31.5 -19.0 -16.1
51 35 25 194 177 18 62 9 4 10 8 31 128 26 24 2 95 18 21 55 7 240 91 14 39 6 5
job openings represent the sum of employment increases and net replacements. If employment change is negative, job openings due to growth are zero and total job openings equal net replacements. not included.
2Information about the detailed residual occupation for this broad occupation is 4This occupation was created by the OES survey. There is no SIC equivalent.
0.0 = Quantity equals more than zero but less than 0.05.
293
PROJECTIONS OF LABOR FORCE AND EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY AND OCCUPATION
Table 4-6. Employment by Occupation, 2002 and Projected 2012—Continued (Thousands of jobs, percent.) Employment Occupation
Number
Change 2002–2012
Percent distribution Number
2002 Shoe machine operators and tenders ............................................................................... Tailors, dressmakers, and sewers ......................................................................................... Sewers, hand ..................................................................................................................... Tailors, dressmakers, and custom sewers ........................................................................ Textile machine setters, operators, and tenders ................................................................... Textile bleaching and dyeing machine operators and tenders .......................................... Textile cutting machine setters, operators, and tenders .................................................... Textile knitting and weaving machine setters, operators, and tenders ............................... Textile winding, twisting, and drawing out machine setters, operators, tenders ................. Miscellaneous textile, apparel, and furnishings workers ....................................................... Extruding and forming machine setters, operators, and tenders, synthetic and glass fibers ............................................................................................................................. Fabric and apparel patternmakers ..................................................................................... Upholsterers ...................................................................................................................... All other textile, apparel, and furnishings workers ............................................................. Woodworkers ............................................................................................................................. Cabinetmakers and bench carpenters ................................................................................... Furniture finishers .................................................................................................................. Model makers and patternmakers, wood .............................................................................. Model makers, wood ......................................................................................................... Patternmakers, wood ......................................................................................................... Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders ........................................................ Sawing machine setters, operators, and tenders, wood .................................................... Woodworking machine setters, operators, and tenders, except sawing ............................ All other woodworkers ........................................................................................................... Plant and system operators ....................................................................................................... Power plant operators, distributors, and dispatchers ............................................................ Nuclear power reactor operators ....................................................................................... Power distributors and dispatchers ................................................................................... Power plant operators ....................................................................................................... Stationary engineers and boiler operators ............................................................................. Water and liquid waste treatment plant and system operators .............................................. Miscellaneous plant and system operators ........................................................................... Chemical plant and system operators ............................................................................... Gas plant operators ........................................................................................................... Petroleum pump system operators, refinery operators, and gaugers ............................... All other plant and system operators ................................................................................. Other production occupations .................................................................................................... Chemical processing machine setters, operators, and tenders ............................................. Chemical equipment operators and tenders ...................................................................... Separating, filtering, clarifying, precipitating, and still machine setters, operators, and tenders .......................................................................................................................... Crushing, grinding, polishing, mixing, and blending workers ................................................. Crushing, grinding, and polishing machine setters, operators, and tenders ...................... Grinding and polishing workers, hand ............................................................................... Mixing and blending machine setters, operators, and tenders .......................................... Cutting workers ...................................................................................................................... Cutters and trimmers, hand ............................................................................................... Cutting and slicing machine setters, operators, and tenders ............................................. Extruding, forming, pressing, and compacting machine setters, operators, and tenders ....... Furnace, kiln, oven, drier, and kettle operators and tenders ................................................. Inspectors, testers, sorters, samplers, and weighers ............................................................ Jewelers and precious stone and metal workers ................................................................... Medical, dental, and ophthalmic laboratory technicians ........................................................ Dental laboratory technicians ............................................................................................ Medical appliance technicians ........................................................................................... Ophthalmic laboratory technicians .................................................................................... Packaging and filling machine operators and tenders ........................................................... Painting workers .................................................................................................................... Coating, painting, and spraying machine setters, operators, and tenders ........................ Painters, transportation equipment .................................................................................... Painting, coating, and decorating workers ......................................................................... Photographic process workers and processing machine operators ...................................... Photographic process workers .......................................................................................... Photographic processing machine operators .................................................................... Semiconductor processors .................................................................................................... Miscellaneous production workers ........................................................................................ Cementing and gluing machine operators and tenders ..................................................... Cleaning, washing, and metal pickling equipment operators and tenders ........................ Cooling and freezing equipment operators and tenders .................................................... Etchers and engravers ...................................................................................................... Molders, shapers, and casters, except metal and plastic .................................................. Paper goods machine setters, operators, and tenders ...................................................... Tire builders ....................................................................................................................... Helpers—Production workers ............................................................................................ All other production workers ..............................................................................................
2012
2002
Percent
2012
Total job openings due to growth and replacement 2002–2012 1
7 90 36 53 179 27 34 53 66 156
5 77 29 48 124 19 26 33 46 147
0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1
-2 -13 -8 -5 -56 -8 -8 -20 -20 -9
-26.1 -14.0 -21.2 -9.1 -31.0 -28.7 -22.6 -38.6 -30.3 -5.9
1 16 6 9 33 7 8 6 12 41
27 11 56 61 374 147 39 9 4 4 151 56 95 29 346 51 3 12 35 55 99 141 58 12 39 32 3 010 94 58
24 8 51 63 393 160 41 10 5 5 153 56 98 29 353 51 3 12 36 56 115 132 51 13 35 33 3 240 92 56
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.1 0.1 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.1 0.0
-4 -3 -5 2 19 14 1 1 0 0 3 0 3 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 16 -9 -7 1 -4 2 230 -2 -2
-13.1 -24.6 -8.7 3.3 5.1 9.4 3.3 11.1 10.3 11.8 1.8 -0.2 3.0 1.7 2.0 -0.7 -3.2 -3.0 0.3 0.3 16.0 -6.2 -12.3 6.7 -11.0 5.6 7.7 -2.0 -3.8
5 5 14 16 115 50 9 3 2 2 44 16 28 9 120 14 1 3 10 10 50 46 18 5 12 12 977 30 19
36 196 45 45 106 109 31 77 73 31 515 40 94 47 14 33 387 187 103 50 34 82 28 54 46 1 155 27 18 7 10 46 117 14 467 449
36 192 44 49 99 116 33 83 73 29 539 42 101 49 16 36 468 211 112 59 40 89 30 59 42 1 245 28 19 8 10 49 114 15 503 500
0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.3
0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.3
0 -4 -1 4 -7 7 2 5 0 -2 24 2 7 2 2 3 82 24 10 9 6 6 2 5 -5 90 0 1 1 1 3 -3 1 36 51
0.8 -2.1 -2.8 9.0 -6.5 6.9 7.6 6.6 -0.1 -4.9 4.7 4.5 7.4 3.6 16.1 9.2 21.1 13.0 9.4 17.5 17.6 7.9 5.4 9.2 -10.6 7.8 1.1 6.9 7.1 6.1 6.4 -2.8 6.6 7.7 11.3
12 55 12 16 28 30 9 21 19 7 141 10 27 12 5 10 159 73 36 22 15 27 9 18 10 388 8 7 3 3 14 25 4 167 158
1Total job openings represent the sum of employment increases and net replacements. If employment change is negative, job openings due to growth are zero and total job openings equal net replacements. 0.0 = Quantity equals more than zero but less than 0.05.
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HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 4-6. Employment by Occupation, 2002 and Projected 2012—Continued (Thousands of jobs, percent.) Employment Occupation
Number
Change 2002–2012
Percent distribution Number
2002
Transportation and Material Moving Occupations ................................................................... Supervisors, transportation and material moving workers ......................................................... Aircraft cargo handling supervisors ....................................................................................... First-line supervisors/managers of helpers, laborers, and material movers, hand ................. First-line supervisors/managers of transportation and material-moving machine and vehicle operators .......................................................................................................................... Air transportation ........................................................................................................................ Aircraft pilots and flight engineers ......................................................................................... Airline pilots, copilots, and flight engineers ........................................................................ Commercial pilots .............................................................................................................. Air traffic controllers and airfield operations specialists ......................................................... Air traffic controllers ........................................................................................................... Airfield operations specialists ............................................................................................ All other air transportation workers 4 ....................................................................................... Motor vehicle operators ............................................................................................................. Ambulance drivers and attendants, except emergency medical technicians ........................ Bus drivers ............................................................................................................................. Bus drivers, transit and intercity ........................................................................................ Bus drivers, school ............................................................................................................ Driver/sales workers and truck drivers .................................................................................. Driver/sales workers .......................................................................................................... Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer .............................................................................. Truck drivers, light or delivery services ............................................................................. Taxi drivers and chauffeurs ................................................................................................... All other motor vehicle operators ........................................................................................... Rail transportation occupations ................................................................................................. Locomotive engineers and operators .................................................................................... Railroad brake, signal, and switch operators .......................................................................... Railroad conductors and yardmasters .................................................................................... Subway, streetcar operators and all other rail transportation workers 3 ................................. Water transportation occupations ............................................................................................... Sailors and marine oilers ........................................................................................................ Ship and boat captains and operators .................................................................................... Captains, mates, and pilots of water vessels ..................................................................... Motorboat operators ........................................................................................................... Ship engineers ........................................................................................................................ All other water transportation workers .................................................................................... Other transportation workers ...................................................................................................... Bridge and lock tenders .......................................................................................................... Parking lot attendants ............................................................................................................. Service station attendants ...................................................................................................... Traffic technicians ................................................................................................................... Transportation inspectors ....................................................................................................... All other related transportation workers 4 ................................................................................ Material moving occupations ...................................................................................................... Conveyor operators and tenders ............................................................................................ Crane and tower operators ..................................................................................................... Dredge, excavating, and loading machine operators ............................................................. Dredge operators ................................................................................................................ Excavating and loading machine and dragline operators ................................................... Loading machine operators, underground mining .............................................................. Hoist and winch operators ...................................................................................................... Industrial truck and tractor operators ...................................................................................... Laborers and material movers, hand ...................................................................................... Cleaners of vehicles and equipment .................................................................................. Laborers and freight, stock, and material movers, hand .................................................... Machine feeders and offbearers ......................................................................................... Packers and packagers, hand ............................................................................................ Pumping station operators ...................................................................................................... Gas compressor and gas pumping station operators ......................................................... Pump operators, except wellhead pumpers ....................................................................... Wellhead pumpers .............................................................................................................. Refuse and recyclable material collectors .............................................................................. Shuttle car operators .............................................................................................................. Tank car, truck, and ship loaders ........................................................................................... Material moving workers, all other ..........................................................................................
2012
2002
Percent
2012
Total job openings due to growth and replacement 2002–2012 1
9 828 364 9 147
11 111 411 10 168
6.8 0.3 0.0 0.1
6.7 0.2 0.0 0.1
1 282 47 1 21
13.0 12.9 15.6 14.0
3 496 132 3 55
207 144 100 79 21 32 26 6 12 4 136 17 654 202 453 3 221 431 1 767 1 022 132 111 101 33 15 38 15 68 27 29 25 4 8 4 294 4 107 107 6 29 40 4 722 58 50 87 3 80 4 9 594 3 659 344 2 231 164 920 32 7 13 11 134 3 17 78
232 168 118 94 24 36 29 7 14 4 896 22 761 233 528 3 813 450 2 104 1 259 161 139 96 31 12 36 17 70 28 30 26 4 9 4 326 3 128 111 6 32 47 5 144 65 55 94 3 87 3 10 659 3 967 374 2 378 162 1 052 30 7 13 10 158 2 17 86
0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.9 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.3 2.2 0.3 1.2 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.3 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.4 2.5 0.2 1.5 0.1 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1
0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.0 0.0 0.5 0.1 0.3 2.3 0.3 1.3 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.4 2.4 0.2 1.4 0.1 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1
25 24 18 15 3 4 3 1 2 760 5 106 31 76 592 19 337 237 29 28 -5 -2 -3 -2 2 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 32 -1 21 4 1 2 6 422 7 5 7 0 7 -1 1 66 308 30 147 -2 132 -2 0 -1 -1 24 -1 0 8
12.1 17.0 17.8 18.5 14.9 13.5 12.6 17.2 19.4 18.4 26.7 16.2 15.2 16.7 18.4 4.3 19.0 23.2 21.7 25.2 -5.3 -7.2 -22.8 -4.2 13.2 3.4 4.0 2.4 2.4 2.7 4.5 5.6 11.0 -17.4 19.2 3.3 9.3 7.7 15.1 8.9 -14.1 13.0 11.1 8.4 8.7 -14.1 13.0 11.1 8.4 8.7 6.6 -1.4 14.4 -6.0 1.0 -5.0 -11.7 17.6 -31.3 -2.1 10.0
74 62 45 36 9 12 10 3 5 1 385 6 249 75 174 1 045 89 625 331 41 44 28 10 2 10 7 25 11 9 8 1 4 1 135 1 52 52 2 9 18 1 729 24 16 31 1 29 1 4 178 1 376 150 876 45 305 7 2 3 3 58 1 5 29
Note: Detail may not equal total or 100 percent due to rounding. 1Total
job openings represent the sum of employment increases and net replacements. If employment change is negative, job openings due to growth are zero and total job openings equal net replacements. occupation contains two or more detailed SOC occupations. occupation was created by the OES survey. There is no SIC equivalent. 0.0 = Quantity equals more than zero but less than 0.05. 3This 4This
PART FIVE PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS
PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS HIGHLIGHTS This part covers the two kinds of productivity measures produced by the BLS: output per hour, or labor productivity, and multifactor productivity. Multifactor productivity is designed to ensure the joint influence of technological change, efficiency improvements, returns to scale, and other factors on economic growth. For some measures, there is a lag in the available data. Industries are presented with the NAICS classification.
170.0
160.0
160.0
150.0
150.0
Index (1992=100)
Index (1992=100)
170.0
Indexes of Productivity, Manufacturing, 1994–2004
Indexes of Productivity, Business, 1994–2004
140.0 130.0 120.0 110.0 100.0
130.0 120.0 110.0 100.0 90.0
90.0 80.0
140.0
80.0
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Output per hour
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Year
Year Output
Output per hour
Hours
Output
Hours
From 2003 to 2004, output in the business sector increased 4.7 percent; however, hours also increased, leading to a smaller increase in output per hour than in previous years. In manufacturing, output increased a significant 4.8 percent, after three years of stagnation, but hours declined at a slower rate than before. Therefore, the rate of increase in output per hours in 2004 was only slightly larger than that in 2003. (Table 5-1) OTHER HIGHLIGHTS: • Unit labor costs in business increased slightly in 2004 after three years of virtually no change. In contrast, unit labor costs in manufacturing declined in 2004 after a significant increase the previous year. (Table 5-1) • Industries producing computers and computer components were among those that had double-digit increases in output per hour in 2004. It was largely a result of high output increases combined with a decline in hours worked. (Table 5-2) • The non-manufacturing sector also saw increases in output per hour in 2004. Retail electronic and appliance stores had an 18.2 percent increase in output with a 7.4 percent decline in hours. Software publishers in the information sector had only a small increase in output, but had a 10 percent drop in hours. (Table 5-2) • Most of the remaining industries reported modest drops in hours from 2002 to 2003, but the direction of output was mixed. (Table 5-2) • Private business multifactor productivity rose 1.9 percent in 2002, the largest rate of increase since 1992. The 2002 gain reflected a 1.9 percent increase in output, while the combined inputs of capital and labor remained virtually unchanged. (Table 5-4)
297
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HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
NOTES AND DEFINITIONS Concepts and Definitions Measures of output per hour for the business, nonfarm business, and manufacturing sectors describe the relationship between real output and the labor time involved in its production. The output measures for the business sectors and nonfinancial corporations are based on series prepared by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) of the U.S. Department of Commerce as part of the national income and product accounts (NIPAs). The BLS derives manufacturing output indexes by combining data from the U.S. Census Bureau, the BEA, and the Federal Reserve Board. All of the output measures are chain-type annualweighted indexes. This means that the relative prices (weights) used to combine output changes into an aggregate output measure are changed annually, thus minimizing the bias that arises from using fixed weights over long periods of time. Business sector output is constructed by excluding the following outputs from gross domestic product (GDP): general government, nonprofit institutions, paid employees of private households, and the rental value of owner-occupied dwellings. Corresponding exclusions also are made in labor inputs. These activities are excluded because theoretical or practical difficulties make it impossible to base the computation of meaningful productivity measures on them. Business output accounted for about 77 percent of GDP and nonfinancial corporations about 53 percent of GDP in 1996. Manufacturing indexes are constructed by deflating current-dollar industry value of production data with deflators from the BEA. These deflators are based on data from the BLS producer price program and other sources. To avoid duplication, intrasector transactions are removed when industry shipments are aggregated. Productivity measures show the changes from period to period in the amount of goods and services produced per hour. Although these measures relate output to hours of persons engaged in a sector, they do not measure the specific contributions of labor, capital, or any other factor of production. Rather, they reflect the joint effects of many influences, including changes in technology, capital, economies of scale, utilization of capacity, the substitution of capital or intermediates for labor, the organization of production, managerial skill, and the characteristics and effort of the work force. Measures of labor input are based mainly on the monthly BLS survey of nonagricultural establishments. From this survey, measures of employment and average weekly hours paid for employees of these establishments are measured. Weekly hours paid are adjusted to hours at work using information from the National Compensation Survey program for 2000 onward and the annual Hours at Work Survey for years prior to 2000 (the BLS Hours at
Work survey was terminated in 2000). Supplementary information for farm workers, the self-employed, and unpaid family workers is obtained from the Current Population Survey, the monthly survey of households. The indexes of hourly compensation are based mainly on the BLS hours data, discussed above, and employee compensation data from the NIPAs. Compensation includes wages and salaries and supplemental payments, such as employer contributions by to Social Security and private health and pension funds. The all persons’ compensation data include estimates of proprietors’ salaries and contributions for supplementary benefits. Real compensation per hour is derived by adjusting the compensation data with the CPI-U-RS in order to reflect changes in purchasing power. The indexes of unit labor costs are computed by dividing compensation per hour by output per hour. Nonlabor payments are calculated by subtracting total compensation from current dollar output, and thus include profits, depreciation, interest, and indirect taxes. The implicit deflator reflects changes in all of the costs of production and distribution (unit labor costs plus unit nonlabor payments). To construct the implicit price deflator, the current-dollar measure of output in a sector is divided by the real output series. Multifactor Productivity BLS calculates the annual growth of multifactor productivity for the U.S. private business sector. This measure is generally released about 14 months after the end of the measured or target year. The lag occurs because the process of calculating multifactor productivity requires detailed data from many sources. BLS plans to use a simplified methodology to make preliminary estimates of private business sector multifactor productivity changes available within a few months after the end of target year. Annual measures of output per unit of combined labor and capital input (multifactor productivity) and related measures are produced for the private business and private nonfarm business sectors. The private business and private nonfarm business sectors for which multifactor productivity indexes also are prepared exclude government enterprises, and thus differ from the business and nonfarm business sectors described above. Multifactor productivity measures refer to the ratio of an output index to an index of combined labor and capital services inputs.
PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS
Multifactor productivity growth reflects the amount of output growth that cannot be accounted for by the growth of weighted labor and capital inputs. The weights are associated cost shares. Labor’s share is the ratio of compensation to current-dollar output. Capital’s share is equal to the ratio of capital cost to current-dollar output. As is the case with the output measures, the weights are updated annually. Capital services measure the services derived from the stock of physical assets and software. Physical assets included are fixed business equipment, structures, inventories, and land. Structures include nonresidential structures and residential capital that is rented out by profit-making firms or persons. Software includes pre-packaged, custom, and own-account software. Financial assets are excluded, as are owner-occupied residential structures. The aggregate capital measures are obtained by weighting the capital stocks for each asset type within each of 53 industries using capital income shares based on estimated rental prices for each asset type. Data on investments in physical assets and gross product originating by industry, which are used in measuring the rental prices, are obtained from BEA. Labor input in private business and private nonfarm business is obtained by weighting the hours worked by all persons, classified by education, work experience, and gender, by their shares of labor compensation. Additional information concerning data sources and methods of measuring labor composition can be found in BLS Bulletin 2426 (December 1993), “Labor Composition and U.S. Productivity Growth, 1948-90.” The manufacturing multifactor productivity index is derived by dividing an output index by a weighted index of combined hours, capital services, energy, materials and purchased business services. Weights (shares of total costs) are updated annually. The labor hours for the manufacturing measure are directly added and thus do not include the effect of changing labor composition—unlike those used for business multifactor productivity. The manufacturing sector coverage is the same in the multifactor and labor productivity series. Output per Hour and Related Series in Selected Industries The BLS industry productivity program produces annual indexes of labor productivity, labor compensation, and unit labor costs for selected 4-, 5- and 6-digit NAICS industries. These data series cover 60 percent of employment in the private, nonfarm business sector, and 100 percent of manufacturing, retail trade, and wholesale trade. The data sources used in the industry measures differ from those used in the productivity and cost measures for the major sectors. Output per hour and related indexes for manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries are updated annually and
299
published in a news release and on the BLS Web site at . Output per hour indexes are obtained by dividing an output index by an index of aggregate hours. Although the measures relate output to one input (labor time) they do not measure the specific contribution of labor or any other factor of production. Rather, they reflect the joint effect of a number of interrelated influences, such as changes in technology, capital investment per worker, and capacity utilization. Caution is necessary when analyzing year-toyear changes in output per hour; the annual changes can be irregular and not necessarily indicative of long-term trends. Conversely, long-term trends are not necessarily applicable to any one year or period in the future. An output index for a particular industry is calculated using a Tornqvist index formula that aggregates the growth rates of the industry products between two periods with weights based on the products’ shares in industry value of production. The weight for each product equals its average value share in the two periods. The formula yields the ratio of output in a given period to that in the previous period. The ratios for successive years must be chained together to form a time series. The quantities of products used in the output index are measured either with deflated values of production or with actual quantities. For most industries, output indexes are developed in two stages. First, comprehensive data from the economic censuses conducted by the Census Bureau every five years are used to develop benchmark indexes for the upcoming census years. Second, less comprehensive data are used to prepare annual indexes. The latter indexes are adjusted to the benchmark indexes by means of linear interpolation. Annual indexes are linked to the most recent benchmark index for the period following the last census year. Indexes of labor input are employee hours indexes or all person hours indexes. In manufacturing industries, employee hours are used. In nonmanufacturing industries where self-employed workers play a significant role, all person hours are used. For most industries, the hours series are based on hours paid. Total hours are calculated by multiplying the number of workers by average weekly hours. Employee hours are treated as homogenous and additive, with no distinction made between hours of different groups. Annual indexes are developed by dividing the aggregate hours for each year by the base period aggregate. Indexes of unit labor costs are calculated as the ratio of total labor compensation to real output, or equivalently, as the ratio of hourly compensation to labor productivity (output per hour). Unit labor costs measure the cost of labor input required to produce one unit of output. Indexes of total compensation measure the change in the total costs to the employer of securing labor. Compensation is defined as payroll plus supplemental
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HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
payments. Payroll includes salaries, wages, commissions, dismissal pay, bonuses, vacation and sick leave pay, and compensation in kind. Supplemental payments are divided into legally required expenditures and payments for voluntary programs. The legally required expenditures include employers’ contributions to Social Security, unemployment insurance taxes, and workers’ compensation. Payments for voluntary programs include all programs not specifically required by legislation, such as the employer portion of private health insurance and pension plans.
Sources of Additional Information Productivity concepts and methodology are described in the BLS Handbook of Methods, BLS, April 1997. More information on productivity can be found in USDL 051820. Additional information on multifactor productivity can be in the Monthly Labor Review, June 2005.
PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS
301
Table 5-1. Indexes of Productivity and Related Data, 1947–2004 (1992 = 100.) Business Year
Output per hour
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator
Employment
Output per person
Compensation in current dollars
Nonlabor payments in current dollars
1947 ...................................................... 1948 ...................................................... 1949 ......................................................
32.2 33.7 34.5
20.4 21.5 21.3
63.4 63.8 61.8
7.0 7.6 7.7
40.7 40.9 42.0
21.8 22.6 22.4
18.6 20.6 20.4
20.6 21.8 21.6
55.7 56.3 55.1
36.6 38.2 38.7
4.4 4.9 4.8
3.8 4.4 4.4
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
37.3 38.5 39.6 41.0 41.9
23.4 24.9 25.7 26.9 26.6
62.7 64.7 64.8 65.6 63.4
8.3 9.0 9.6 10.2 10.5
44.4 45.0 46.9 49.5 50.7
22.1 23.5 24.2 24.9 25.2
21.5 23.7 23.2 22.6 22.5
21.9 23.6 23.8 24.0 24.2
55.6 57.1 57.3 58.1 56.7
42.0 43.6 44.8 46.3 46.8
5.2 5.8 6.2 6.7 6.7
5.0 5.9 5.9 6.1 6.0
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
43.6 43.6 45.0 46.3 48.0
28.7 29.1 29.6 29.1 31.4
65.8 66.8 65.8 62.9 65.5
10.8 11.5 12.3 12.8 13.3
52.2 54.8 56.5 57.4 59.4
24.8 26.4 27.3 27.7 27.8
24.0 23.4 24.2 24.7 25.2
24.5 25.3 26.1 26.6 26.8
58.3 59.5 59.4 57.2 58.9
49.2 48.9 49.9 50.9 53.4
7.1 7.7 8.1 8.1 8.7
6.9 6.8 7.2 7.2 7.9
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
48.9 50.6 52.9 54.9 56.8
32.0 32.7 34.8 36.4 38.7
65.6 64.6 65.8 66.2 68.1
13.9 14.4 15.1 15.6 16.2
60.8 62.5 64.6 66.1 67.7
28.4 28.5 28.5 28.4 28.5
24.8 25.2 26.1 26.6 27.3
27.1 27.3 27.6 27.7 28.1
59.2 58.6 59.3 59.7 60.8
54.1 55.8 58.6 61.0 63.7
9.1 9.3 9.9 10.3 11.0
8.0 8.2 9.1 9.7 10.6
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
58.8 61.2 62.5 64.7 65.0
41.4 44.2 45.1 47.3 48.8
70.5 72.3 72.1 73.2 75.0
16.8 17.9 19.0 20.5 21.9
69.1 71.7 73.5 76.2 77.3
28.6 29.3 30.3 31.7 33.7
28.4 29.0 29.5 30.4 30.8
28.5 29.2 30.0 31.2 32.6
62.5 64.4 65.2 66.5 68.6
66.3 68.7 69.1 71.1 71.1
11.8 13.0 13.7 15.0 16.4
11.8 12.8 13.3 14.4 15.0
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
66.3 69.0 71.2 73.4 72.2
48.7 50.6 53.9 57.6 56.8
73.5 73.3 75.6 78.5 78.7
23.6 25.1 26.7 28.9 31.7
78.8 80.2 82.6 84.3 83.3
35.6 36.3 37.4 39.4 43.9
31.5 34.1 35.7 37.5 39.9
34.1 35.5 36.8 38.7 42.4
68.4 68.5 70.5 73.6 74.7
71.3 73.9 76.4 78.4 76.1
17.4 18.4 20.2 22.7 24.9
15.3 17.3 19.2 21.6 22.7
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
74.8 77.1 78.4 79.3 79.3
56.3 60.0 63.3 67.3 69.6
75.3 77.8 80.8 84.9 87.8
34.9 38.0 41.0 44.5 48.9
84.1 86.4 87.6 89.1 89.3
46.7 49.2 52.2 56.2 61.7
46.3 48.7 51.5 54.8 58.2
46.6 49.0 52.0 55.6 60.4
72.4 74.7 77.9 82.2 85.4
77.7 80.3 81.3 81.9 81.5
26.3 29.5 33.1 37.8 42.9
26.0 29.2 32.6 36.9 40.5
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
79.1 80.8 80.1 83.0 85.2
68.8 70.7 68.6 72.3 78.6
87.0 87.6 85.6 87.1 92.2
54.1 59.3 63.6 66.3 69.1
89.1 89.3 90.4 90.3 90.7
68.4 73.5 79.4 79.8 81.2
61.3 69.1 70.1 76.3 80.2
65.8 71.8 75.9 78.5 80.8
85.6 86.5 85.1 85.8 90.1
80.4 81.8 80.7 84.3 87.2
47.1 52.0 54.5 57.7 63.8
42.2 48.9 48.1 55.1 63.0
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
87.1 89.8 90.3 91.7 92.6
82.2 85.3 88.3 92.1 95.4
94.3 95.0 97.7 100.4 103.1
72.5 76.2 79.1 83.1 85.3
92.0 95.0 95.3 96.6 95.1
83.2 84.9 87.6 90.6 92.1
82.0 82.6 83.1 85.2 91.4
82.7 84.1 85.9 88.6 91.9
92.4 93.9 96.4 99.4 101.5
89.0 90.8 91.5 92.6 94.0
68.4 72.4 77.3 83.4 87.9
67.4 70.5 73.4 78.4 87.2
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
94.5 95.9 100.0 100.4 101.5
96.9 96.1 100.0 103.1 108.2
102.6 100.2 100.0 102.7 106.7
90.6 95.1 100.0 102.2 103.7
96.3 97.4 100.0 99.7 99.1
96.0 99.1 100.0 101.8 102.2
93.8 96.6 100.0 102.6 106.8
95.1 98.2 100.0 102.1 103.9
102.2 100.6 100.0 102.1 105.5
94.8 95.6 100.0 101.0 102.6
93.0 95.3 100.0 105.0 110.6
90.9 92.9 100.0 105.8 115.5
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
101.6 104.7 106.7 109.7 112.9
111.4 116.5 122.7 128.6 135.2
109.6 111.3 115.0 117.3 119.7
105.9 109.6 113.1 120.0 125.8
98.8 99.6 100.6 105.3 108.1
104.2 104.7 106.1 109.4 111.4
108.4 112.0 113.9 110.1 109.5
105.7 107.4 109.0 109.7 110.7
108.5 110.8 113.8 116.1 118.1
102.7 105.1 107.8 110.7 114.5
116.0 122.0 130.1 140.7 150.6
120.7 130.4 139.8 141.6 148.0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
116.1 119.0 123.8 128.6 133.0
140.5 141.0 143.1 147.9 154.9
121.0 118.4 115.6 115.0 116.5
134.5 140.2 145.0 150.7 157.7
111.9 113.4 115.4 117.3 119.5
115.9 117.7 117.1 117.2 118.6
107.4 110.2 114.4 118.6 123.9
112.7 114.9 116.1 117.7 120.6
120.2 119.2 116.6 116.4 118.0
116.9 118.3 122.7 127.0 131.3
162.8 166.0 167.6 173.3 183.7
150.9 155.3 163.6 175.5 192.0
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HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 5-1. Indexes of Productivity and Related Data, 1947–2004—Continued (1992 = 100.) Nonfarm Business Year
Output per hour
Output
Hours
Compensation per hour
Real compensation per hour
Unit labor costs
Unit nonlabor payments
Implicit price deflator
Employment
Output per person
Compensation in current dollars
Nonlabor payments in current dollars
1947 ...................................................... 1948 ...................................................... 1949 ......................................................
37.0 38.0 39.3
20.1 20.9 20.8
54.2 55.1 53.0
7.5 8.1 8.3
43.3 43.6 45.4
20.2 21.3 21.2
17.8 19.4 20.0
19.3 20.6 20.8
47.2 48.2 46.8
42.5 43.5 44.4
4.0 4.5 4.4
3.6 4.1 4.2
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
41.9 43.0 43.8 44.8 45.6
22.9 24.6 25.3 26.6 26.1
54.7 57.2 57.9 59.3 57.3
8.8 9.6 10.1 10.7 11.0
47.5 47.8 49.5 51.9 53.1
21.1 22.3 23.1 23.9 24.2
20.8 22.4 22.3 22.2 22.3
21.0 22.4 22.8 23.3 23.5
47.9 50.1 50.7 52.2 50.8
47.8 49.2 50.0 50.9 51.5
4.8 5.5 5.9 6.3 6.3
4.8 5.5 5.6 5.9 5.8
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
47.5 47.1 48.4 49.4 51.3
28.3 28.8 29.4 28.7 31.2
59.6 61.1 60.7 58.2 60.9
11.4 12.1 12.8 13.4 13.9
55.3 57.8 59.2 59.9 61.8
24.1 25.8 26.6 27.0 27.1
23.6 23.1 23.8 24.1 25.0
23.9 24.8 25.6 26.0 26.3
52.3 53.8 54.1 52.2 54.1
54.1 53.5 54.3 55.0 57.7
6.8 7.4 7.8 7.8 8.5
6.7 6.6 7.0 6.9 7.8
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
51.9 53.5 55.9 57.8 59.6
31.8 32.4 34.6 36.2 38.7
61.2 60.6 61.9 62.6 64.9
14.5 15.0 15.6 16.1 16.6
63.3 64.8 66.7 68.1 69.3
27.9 28.0 27.8 27.8 27.9
24.3 24.8 25.8 26.3 27.2
26.6 26.8 27.1 27.3 27.6
54.7 54.3 55.3 55.9 57.3
58.1 59.7 62.6 64.8 67.5
8.9 9.1 9.6 10.1 10.8
7.7 8.0 8.9 9.5 10.5
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
61.4 63.6 64.7 66.9 67.0
41.4 44.4 45.1 47.5 48.9
67.4 69.8 69.8 71.0 73.0
17.1 18.2 19.2 20.7 22.1
70.5 72.6 74.5 77.1 78.1
27.9 28.6 29.7 31.0 33.0
28.1 28.7 29.2 30.2 30.5
28.0 28.6 29.5 30.7 32.1
59.3 61.6 62.6 64.1 66.4
69.8 72.0 72.1 74.1 73.7
11.6 12.7 13.4 14.7 16.2
11.6 12.7 13.2 14.3 14.9
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
68.0 70.7 73.1 75.3 74.2
48.9 50.7 54.1 58.0 57.3
71.9 71.7 74.0 77.1 77.2
23.7 25.2 26.9 29.1 31.9
79.2 80.7 83.2 84.8 83.8
34.9 35.7 36.8 38.6 43.0
31.2 33.7 34.9 35.3 38.1
33.5 35.0 36.1 37.4 41.2
66.4 66.6 68.6 71.7 72.9
73.6 76.1 78.8 81.0 78.6
17.0 18.1 19.9 22.4 24.6
15.2 17.1 18.9 20.5 21.8
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
76.2 78.7 80.0 81.0 80.7
56.3 60.2 63.6 67.8 70.0
73.9 76.5 79.5 83.7 86.6
35.1 38.1 41.2 44.8 49.1
84.5 86.6 88.0 89.6 89.7
46.1 48.4 51.5 55.3 60.8
44.9 47.8 50.7 53.4 56.5
45.6 48.1 51.2 54.6 59.2
70.7 73.2 76.5 80.8 84.2
79.6 82.3 83.1 83.9 83.1
25.9 29.1 32.7 37.5 42.5
25.3 28.8 32.2 36.2 39.5
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
80.6 81.7 80.8 84.5 86.1
69.2 70.7 68.4 72.9 78.9
85.9 86.6 84.7 86.3 91.6
54.4 59.7 64.0 66.6 69.5
89.5 89.8 90.8 90.9 91.1
67.5 73.1 79.1 78.9 80.7
60.4 67.7 69.3 76.0 79.1
64.9 71.1 75.5 77.9 80.1
84.5 85.4 84.0 84.9 89.4
82.0 82.8 81.4 85.9 88.2
46.8 51.7 54.1 57.5 63.6
41.8 47.9 47.4 55.4 62.4
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
87.4 90.1 90.6 92.1 92.7
82.2 85.4 88.4 92.4 95.7
94.0 94.7 97.6 100.4 103.2
72.6 76.4 79.2 83.1 85.2
92.2 95.2 95.4 96.6 95.0
83.1 84.8 87.4 90.3 91.9
81.5 82.3 82.7 85.0 90.9
82.5 83.9 85.7 88.3 91.5
92.0 93.6 96.2 99.3 101.5
89.4 91.2 91.9 93.1 94.3
68.3 72.4 77.3 83.4 87.9
66.9 70.3 73.2 78.5 86.9
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
94.5 96.1 100.0 100.4 101.6
97.1 96.3 100.0 103.4 108.3
102.7 100.2 100.0 102.9 106.5
90.4 95.0 100.0 102.0 103.7
96.0 97.4 100.0 99.5 99.1
95.7 98.9 100.0 101.5 102.1
93.5 96.8 100.0 103.1 107.3
94.9 98.1 100.0 102.1 104.0
102.3 100.6 100.0 102.3 105.6
94.9 95.7 100.0 101.0 102.5
92.9 95.2 100.0 105.0 110.5
90.7 93.2 100.0 106.6 116.2
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
102.1 104.9 106.6 109.5 112.6
111.8 116.8 122.8 128.9 135.6
109.4 111.4 115.3 117.7 120.4
106.0 109.5 112.9 119.6 125.2
98.9 99.5 100.4 105.0 107.5
103.7 104.5 105.9 109.3 111.2
109.4 112.2 114.6 111.1 111.1
105.8 107.3 109.1 109.9 111.1
108.6 111.2 114.3 116.8 119.0
102.9 105.0 107.5 110.4 113.9
116.0 122.0 130.1 140.9 150.7
122.3 131.0 140.8 143.2 150.6
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
115.6 118.5 123.3 128.0 132.3
140.8 141.3 143.4 148.2 155.3
121.8 119.3 116.3 115.8 117.4
134.0 139.3 144.2 149.9 156.7
111.4 112.6 114.8 116.7 118.7
115.9 117.5 117.0 117.1 118.4
108.9 111.8 116.3 120.0 124.7
113.3 115.4 116.7 118.2 120.7
121.2 120.4 117.6 117.6 119.2
116.2 117.4 121.9 126.0 130.3
163.1 166.1 167.7 173.6 183.9
153.3 158.0 166.7 177.8 193.7
PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS
303
Table 5-1. Indexes of Productivity and Related Data, 1947–2004—Continued (1992 = 100.) Nonfinancial corporations Year
Output per hour
Output
Hours
Real Compencompen- Unit labor sation per sation per costs hour hour
Unit nonlabor costs
Unit profits
Implicit price deflator
Employment
Output per person
Compen- Nonlabor sation in payments current in current dollars dollars
1947 ...................................................... 1948 ...................................................... 1949 ......................................................
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
... ... ... 52.8 55.3
... ... ... 25.4 28.2
... ... ... 48.0 50.9
... ... ... 15.0 15.6
... ... ... 67.2 69.3
... ... ... 28.4 28.1
... ... ... 23.5 22.3
... ... ... 47.2 55.8
... ... ... 28.9 29.2
... ... ... 43.6 45.6
... ... ... 58.2 61.8
... ... ... 7.2 7.9
... ... ... 7.6 8.8
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
56.2 57.9 60.4 62.6 63.5
29.1 29.7 32.2 34.1 36.5
51.8 51.3 53.3 54.5 57.5
16.2 16.7 17.4 17.9 18.2
70.8 72.4 74.4 75.7 76.2
28.8 28.8 28.7 28.6 28.7
23.3 23.8 23.4 23.4 23.3
50.2 50.3 54.5 57.3 59.7
29.4 29.5 29.7 29.9 30.1
46.6 46.3 47.8 48.8 50.6
62.4 64.2 67.3 69.9 72.1
8.4 8.6 9.3 9.8 10.5
8.9 9.2 10.2 11.1 12.1
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
65.1 66.2 67.1 69.5 69.5
39.5 42.3 43.4 46.1 47.9
60.7 63.9 64.6 66.4 69.0
18.8 19.8 20.9 22.5 24.0
77.1 79.2 81.1 83.7 84.8
28.8 29.9 31.2 32.4 34.6
23.1 23.3 24.7 26.2 28.6
64.1 63.6 59.9 60.0 54.0
30.6 31.3 32.2 33.4 34.8
53.3 56.3 57.9 59.9 62.7
74.1 75.2 74.9 76.9 76.5
11.4 12.7 13.5 14.9 16.6
13.5 14.4 14.8 16.3 16.9
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
69.8 72.7 74.2 74.8 73.3
47.4 49.3 53.1 56.3 55.3
67.9 67.9 71.6 75.2 75.5
25.7 27.3 28.8 31.0 33.9
85.9 87.4 89.2 90.4 89.2
36.9 37.6 38.8 41.4 46.3
32.2 33.6 33.9 35.7 41.1
44.4 50.5 54.1 54.9 48.4
36.4 37.8 39.0 41.2 45.2
62.8 63.0 66.1 69.7 71.1
75.5 78.4 80.3 80.7 77.8
17.5 18.5 20.6 23.3 25.6
16.8 18.8 20.9 23.0 23.8
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
76.1 78.6 80.6 81.7 81.0
54.6 58.9 63.2 67.4 69.5
71.7 75.0 78.4 82.5 85.8
37.3 40.3 43.5 47.6 51.9
89.7 91.8 93.0 95.1 94.9
49.0 51.3 54.0 58.2 64.1
46.6 46.4 48.4 51.2 55.8
63.1 71.4 77.3 79.1 74.0
49.6 51.9 54.7 58.4 62.9
68.4 71.5 75.1 79.3 83.3
79.8 82.4 84.2 84.9 83.4
26.7 30.2 34.1 39.2 44.6
27.8 31.3 35.5 39.5 42.2
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
80.8 82.9 83.1 85.7 87.8
68.8 71.6 69.9 73.1 79.7
85.2 86.4 84.1 85.3 90.8
57.2 62.4 66.4 68.9 71.9
94.1 93.9 94.4 94.0 94.3
70.8 75.3 80.0 80.4 81.9
64.9 73.4 81.3 81.6 81.3
66.9 81.0 75.2 91.2 107.6
69.0 75.4 79.9 81.7 84.1
83.6 85.1 83.2 83.5 88.4
82.3 84.2 84.0 87.6 90.1
48.7 53.9 55.9 58.8 65.3
45.0 54.0 55.7 61.6 70.4
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
89.6 91.4 93.3 95.7 94.6
83.2 85.2 89.7 94.9 96.6
92.9 93.2 96.1 99.1 102.2
75.2 78.9 81.6 84.9 87.0
95.4 98.3 98.3 98.7 97.0
83.9 86.3 87.4 88.7 92.0
83.6 86.3 85.8 86.8 93.3
102.3 90.2 100.1 111.6 101.2
85.5 86.6 88.1 90.3 93.2
90.9 92.3 94.8 97.9 100.4
91.5 92.3 94.6 96.8 96.2
69.8 73.5 78.4 84.2 88.9
73.7 74.4 80.4 88.6 92.2
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
95.4 97.4 100.0 100.3 102.2
97.8 97.0 100.0 102.8 109.2
102.5 99.6 100.0 102.4 106.8
91.1 95.5 100.0 101.8 103.5
96.8 97.9 100.0 99.3 98.9
95.5 98.0 100.0 101.4 101.3
97.3 102.7 100.0 99.9 100.8
96.9 93.2 100.0 114.1 131.7
96.1 98.7 100.0 102.2 103.9
102.2 100.0 100.0 102.0 105.7
95.8 97.0 100.0 100.8 103.3
93.4 95.1 100.0 104.2 110.6
95.1 97.2 100.0 106.6 119.1
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
103.3 107.1 109.9 113.5 117.3
114.3 120.6 128.4 135.8 144.0
110.6 112.6 116.9 119.7 122.8
105.3 108.5 111.7 118.1 123.6
98.3 98.5 99.4 103.6 106.2
101.9 101.3 101.7 104.1 105.3
101.2 100.0 99.7 99.5 100.4
136.9 150.0 154.3 137.0 129.1
104.9 105.3 105.9 105.9 106.2
109.5 112.3 115.8 118.8 121.8
104.4 107.4 110.9 114.3 118.3
116.5 122.1 130.6 141.4 151.7
126.6 136.7 146.9 148.8 155.6
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
121.5 123.5 128.2 133.5 138.7
151.5 150.2 151.5 155.6 163.8
124.7 121.6 118.1 116.5 118.1
132.0 137.3 142.0 147.6 153.5
109.7 111.1 113.0 114.8 116.4
108.6 111.2 110.7 110.5 110.7
104.2 112.6 110.8 110.9 110.5
108.7 82.2 98.0 116.7 138.0
107.5 108.9 109.6 111.2 113.1
124.6 123.3 120.0 118.9 120.5
121.6 121.8 126.2 130.8 136.0
164.5 166.9 167.7 171.9 181.4
159.7 156.9 162.7 174.9 193.1
. . . = Not available.
304
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 5-1. Indexes of Productivity and Related Data, 1947–2004—Continued (1992 = 100.) Manufacturing Year
Output per hour
Output
Hours
Real CompenUnit compen- Unit labor sation per nonlabor sation per costs hour payments hour
Implicit price deflator
Employment
Output per person
Compen- Nonlabor sation in payments current in current dollars dollars
1947 ...................................................... 1948 ...................................................... 1949 ......................................................
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
... ... 88.4 90.0 90.3
... ... 91.7 96.3 97.2
... ... 103.8 107.0 107.6
... ... 81.3 84.1 86.6
... ... 98.0 97.8 96.6
... ... 92.0 93.4 95.9
... ... 87.6 90.9 96.1
... ... 89.3 91.9 96.0
... ... 104.6 106.4 107.0
... ... 87.7 90.5 90.9
... ... 84.4 90.0 93.2
... ... 80.3 87.6 93.5
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
92.9 95.4 100.0 102.7 106.1
97.6 96.0 100.0 104.1 110.0
105.0 100.5 100.0 101.4 103.8
90.5 95.6 100.0 102.0 105.3
96.1 98.0 100.0 99.5 100.6
97.3 100.1 100.0 99.3 99.3
100.8 99.4 100.0 101.4 103.3
99.5 99.7 100.0 100.6 101.8
105.4 101.7 100.0 100.1 101.5
92.6 94.3 100.0 104.0 108.5
95.0 96.1 100.0 103.5 109.2
98.4 95.4 100.0 105.6 113.6
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
109.9 113.9 118.0 123.6 128.1
115.0 118.6 125.1 130.7 134.6
104.6 104.2 106.0 105.7 105.1
107.3 109.3 112.2 118.7 123.4
100.1 99.3 99.8 104.2 106.0
97.6 96.0 95.1 96.0 96.4
107.7 110.7 110.4 104.2 105.1
103.9 105.2 104.6 101.1 101.8
102.8 102.6 103.7 104.6 103.0
111.9 115.6 120.6 125.0 130.7
112.2 113.9 119.0 125.6 129.7
123.9 131.4 138.1 136.2 141.4
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ...................................................... ......................................................
134.1 136.9 147.3 154.8 163.0
138.6 132.3 132.2 132.2 138.6
103.4 96.6 89.8 85.4 85.0
134.7 137.8 147.9 160.1 163.6
112.0 111.5 117.7 124.6 124.0
100.5 100.7 100.4 103.4 100.4
107.1 105.9 ... ... ...
104.6 103.9 ... ... ...
102.5 97.8 90.6 86.3 85.3
135.3 135.3 145.8 153.2 162.6
139.3 133.2 132.7 136.7 139.1
148.5 140.2 ... ... ...
. . . = Not available.
PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS
Table 5-2. Average Annual Percent Change in Output per Hour and Related Series, 1987–2003 and 2002–2003 (Number, percent.)
Industry
NAICS Code
2003 Employment (thousands)
Annual percent change 1987–2003 Output per hour
Output
Hours
Annual percent change 2002–2003 Output per hour
Output
Hours
Mining Mining ........................................................................................... Oil and gas extraction .................................................................. Mining, except oil and gas ............................................................ Coal mining .................................................................................. Metal ore mining ...........................................................................
21 211 212 2 121 2 122
503 120 203 70 27
1.9 3.1 3.1 4.2 4.4
-0.2 -0.8 0.8 -0.2 2.1
-2.1 -3.8 -2.2 -4.2 -2.2
2.1 5.3 2.0 0.8 -1.0
-0.4 0.0 -1.3 -3.8 -5.8
-2.4 -5.0 -3.2 -4.5 -4.9
Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying ...................................
2 123
106
1.3
0.9
-0.4
4.8
2.9
-1.9
Utilities Power generation and supply ....................................................... Natural gas distribution ................................................................
2 211 2 212
418 113
3.0 3.3
1.2 1.6
-1.8 -1.7
2.1 -1.0
-1.7 -1.6
-3.8 -0.6
Manufacturing Food ............................................................................................. Animal food .................................................................................. Grain and oilseed milling .............................................................. Sugar and confectionery products ............................................... Fruit and vegetable preserving and specialty ...............................
311 3 111 3 112 3 113 3 114
1 518 50 62 85 185
1.3 3.3 2.6 1.6 1.7
1.7 2.2 1.6 1.1 1.8
0.4 -1.1 -0.9 -0.4 0.0
0.8 -1.6 -1.5 3.7 -3.9
-0.6 -1.3 -0.7 0.2 -2.9
-1.4 0.4 0.8 -3.4 1.0
Dairy products .............................................................................. Animal slaughtering and processing ............................................ Seafood product preparation and packaging ............................... Bakeries and tortilla manufacturing .............................................. Other food products .....................................................................
3 115 3 116 3 117 3 118 3 119
135 516 42 292 152
1.8 0.6 2.3 0.6 1.2
1.0 2.5 0.9 0.5 2.3
-0.8 1.9 -1.4 -0.1 1.0
4.8 -0.7 4.6 0.2 4.7
-0.1 -1.3 0.7 -3.3 3.9
-4.7 -0.6 -3.7 -3.5 -0.7
Beverages and tobacco products ................................................. Beverages .................................................................................... Tobacco and tobacco products .................................................... Textile mills .................................................................................. Fiber, yarn, and thread mills .........................................................
312 3 121 3 122 313 3 131
200 169 31 261 57
0.8 2.0 0.5 3.9 5.2
-0.3 1.2 -2.5 -0.8 0.3
-1.1 -0.7 -3.1 -4.5 -4.7
7.9 5.2 17.9 8.1 12.5
2.9 1.6 5.2 -5.7 -2.6
-4.6 -3.5 -10.8 -12.7 -13.4
Fabric mills ................................................................................... Textile and fabric finishing mills ................................................... Textile product mills ..................................................................... Textile furnishings mills ................................................................ Other textile product mills .............................................................
3 132 3 133 314 3 141 3 149
130 74 179 105 74
4.4 2.0 1.1 1.3 0.8
-0.9 -1.3 0.4 0.5 0.1
-5.1 -3.3 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7
8.2 4.2 4.9 8.1 -0.5
-6.0 -7.6 -1.2 -0.2 -3.6
-13.2 -11.4 -5.9 -7.7 -3.1
Apparel ......................................................................................... Apparel knitting mills .................................................................... Cut and sew apparel .................................................................... Accessories and other apparel ..................................................... Leather and allied products ..........................................................
315 3 151 3 152 3 159 316
312 45 243 24 45
3.1 2.2 3.6 -1.3 2.3
-4.0 -4.0 -4.0 -4.2 -4.6
-6.9 -6.1 -7.3 -2.9 -6.7
8.0 -6.4 11.4 2.4 -1.4
-7.9 -16.8 -6.6 -5.0 -6.2
-14.8 -11.1 -16.1 -7.2 -4.9
Leather and hide tanning and finishing ........................................ Footwear ...................................................................................... Other leather products ................................................................. Wood products ............................................................................. Sawmills and wood preservation ..................................................
3 161 3 162 3 169 321 3 211
8 20 17 538 117
1.0 1.7 0.1 1.1 2.8
-2.7 -7.3 -4.3 0.8 1.1
-3.6 -8.9 -4.4 -0.3 -1.7
-6.5 -1.3 3.4 0.1 5.4
-9.5 -6.3 -2.3 -0.8 1.8
-3.2 -5.1 -5.5 -0.9 -3.4
Plywood and engineered wood products ..................................... Other wood products .................................................................... Paper and paper products ............................................................ Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills ............................................... Converted paper products ............................................................
3 212 3 219 322 3 221 3 222
114 307 516 151 365
0.4 0.6 2.0 3.3 1.3
1.2 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.7
0.8 -0.1 -1.5 -3.1 -0.6
-3.4 -1.2 3.0 3.7 3.5
-2.1 -1.9 -3.6 -5.7 -1.8
1.4 -0.7 -6.4 -9.0 -5.2
Printing and related support activities .......................................... Petroleum and coal products ....................................................... Chemicals .................................................................................... Basic chemicals ........................................................................... Resin, rubber, and artificial fibers .................................................
323 324 325 3 251 3 252
680 114 906 162 112
0.8 3.2 1.9 2.1 2.8
0.1 1.2 1.5 -0.2 0.9
-0.7 -1.9 -0.4 -2.3 -1.8
0.7 0.9 1.8 6.5 -1.7
-3.6 1.0 -0.3 0.8 -4.0
-4.2 0.2 -2.1 -5.3 -2.4
Agricultural chemicals .................................................................. Pharmaceuticals and medicines .................................................. Paints, coatings, and adhesives ................................................... Soaps, cleaning compounds, and toiletries .................................. Other chemical products and preparations ..................................
3 253 3 254 3 255 3 256 3 259
42 292 69 119 111
1.8 0.8 1.5 1.9 3.1
0.6 4.3 0.3 1.7 0.9
-1.2 3.5 -1.2 -0.2 -2.1
8.4 2.8 4.0 -7.9 3.2
2.5 2.9 -1.1 -7.0 0.7
-5.4 0.1 -4.9 1.0 -2.4
Plastics and rubber products ........................................................ Plastics products .......................................................................... Rubber products ........................................................................... Nonmetallic mineral products ....................................................... Clay products and refractories .....................................................
326 3 261 3 262 327 3 271
816 639 177 495 66
2.7 2.7 2.5 1.5 1.1
2.9 3.3 1.4 1.1 -0.4
0.2 0.6 -1.1 -0.3 -1.5
3.9 4.0 3.5 5.5 3.7
-0.5 -0.6 0.1 0.2 -2.8
-4.2 -4.5 -3.2 -5.0 -6.2
Glass and glass products ............................................................. Cement and concrete products .................................................... Lime and gypsum products .......................................................... Other nonmetallic mineral products ............................................. Primary metals .............................................................................
3 272 3 273 3 274 3 279 331
115 224 19 71 478
2.1 0.8 1.4 1.9 2.4
0.8 1.8 0.2 1.0 0.2
-1.2 0.9 -1.2 -0.9 -2.2
7.2 4.4 9.4 5.3 1.8
-1.0 0.5 5.0 1.6 -4.1
-7.7 -3.8 -4.1 -3.5 -5.9
305
306
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 5-2. Average Annual Percent Change in Output per Hour and Related Series, 1987–2003 and 2002–2003—Continued (Number, percent.)
Industry
NAICS Code
2003 Employment (thousands)
Annual percent change 1987–2003 Output per hour
Output
Hours
Annual percent change 2002–2003 Output per hour
Output
Hours
Iron and steel mills and ferroalloy production ............................... Steel products from purchased steel ............................................ Alumina and aluminum production ............................................... Other nonferrous metal production .............................................. Foundries .....................................................................................
3 311 3 312 3 313 3 314 3 315
102 61 75 74 166
4.2 1.5 2.1 1.4 2.3
0.7 0.6 -0.3 -1.0 0.8
-3.4 -0.9 -2.4 -2.4 -1.5
1.7 -3.4 1.6 11.0 0.5
-5.2 -10.3 -1.8 1.3 -4.3
-6.7 -7.1 -3.3 -8.7 -4.7
Fabricated metal products ............................................................ Forging and stamping .................................................................. Cutlery and hand tools ................................................................. Architectural and structural metals ............................................... Boilers, tanks, and shipping containers ........................................
332 3 321 3 322 3 323 3 324
1 479 109 61 380 91
1.7 2.8 1.5 1.3 1.1
1.3 1.5 -0.1 1.8 -0.3
-0.4 -1.3 -1.5 0.5 -1.3
2.9 6.1 1.4 2.6 2.3
-1.5 1.6 -4.5 -2.0 -2.7
-4.3 -4.2 -5.9 -4.5 -4.8
Hardware ...................................................................................... Spring and wire products ............................................................. Machine shops and threaded products ........................................ Coating, engraving, and heat treating metals .............................. Other fabricated metal products ...................................................
3 325 3 326 3 327 3 328 3 329
40 64 311 143 282
2.1 3.3 2.6 2.8 1.3
-0.8 2.1 3.0 3.0 0.2
-2.8 -1.2 0.4 0.2 -1.0
7.1 7.5 0.2 1.5 4.5
-3.0 0.4 -1.6 -3.6 -0.2
-9.4 -6.5 -1.8 -5.0 -4.5
Machinery ..................................................................................... Agriculture, construction, and mining machinery ......................... Industrial machinery ..................................................................... Commercial and service industry machinery ............................... HVAC and commercial refrigeration equipment ...........................
333 3 331 3 332 3 333 3 334
1 150 188 123 118 157
2.6 2.8 2.4 1.5 2.6
1.3 2.0 1.2 -0.2 2.0
-1.2 -0.8 -1.1 -1.7 -0.6
6.8 12.5 2.8 7.6 8.4
-0.2 6.1 -4.4 -3.1 1.0
-6.6 -5.7 -7.0 -9.9 -6.9
Metalworking machinery .............................................................. Turbine and power transmission equipment ................................ Other general purpose machinery ................................................ Computer and electronic products ............................................... Computer and peripheral equipment ............................................
3 335 3 336 3 339 334 3 341
205 94 265 1 344 224
2.0 3.6 2.5 13.6 24.8
0.4 2.4 1.1 10.8 20.1
-1.6 -1.2 -1.4 -2.5 -3.7
1.6 6.8 5.9 16.0 27.7
-3.4 -0.8 -1.1 6.1 15.2
-5.0 -7.1 -6.6 -8.6 -9.8
Communications equipment ......................................................... Audio and video equipment .......................................................... Semiconductors and electronic components ............................... Electronic instruments .................................................................. Magnetic media manufacturing and reproduction ........................
3 342 3 343 3 344 3 345 3 346
155 37 461 430 38
8.3 6.8 20.2 3.9 1.5
5.2 3.2 18.4 0.9 1.9
-2.8 -3.4 -1.5 -2.8 0.4
11.0 15.5 21.9 7.8 4.2
-4.0 -1.2 9.8 3.8 -4.7
-13.5 -14.4 -10.0 -3.7 -8.5
Electrical equipment and appliances ............................................ Electric lighting equipment ........................................................... Household appliances .................................................................. Electrical equipment ..................................................................... Other electrical equipment and components ................................
335 3 351 3 352 3 353 3 359
460 67 92 160 140
2.9 1.4 4.6 2.7 2.5
0.5 0.1 2.2 -0.2 0.3
-2.3 -1.2 -2.3 -2.8 -2.1
3.5 0.7 11.5 1.7 1.1
-1.9 -4.7 5.7 -3.2 -4.8
-5.3 -5.4 -5.2 -4.8 -5.8
Transportation equipment ............................................................ Motor vehicles .............................................................................. Motor vehicle bodies and trailers ................................................. Motor vehicle parts ....................................................................... Aerospace products and parts .....................................................
336 3 361 3 362 3 363 3 364
1 775 265 153 708 443
3.2 3.9 1.6 3.5 2.2
1.9 2.9 2.2 4.1 -1.8
-1.2 -0.9 0.6 0.6 -3.9
7.5 9.8 3.6 4.0 3.4
2.6 7.6 4.4 -1.5 -4.1
-4.6 -2.0 0.8 -5.3 -7.2
Railroad rolling stock .................................................................... Ship and boat building .................................................................. Other transportation equipment ................................................... Furniture and related products ..................................................... Household and institutional furniture ............................................
3 365 3 366 3 369 337 3 371
23 146 39 573 382
6.0 2.1 5.2 2.2 2.1
4.8 0.7 5.4 1.7 1.6
-1.2 -1.4 0.2 -0.4 -0.5
-3.1 2.1 9.9 3.9 2.2
-6.1 -0.4 4.4 -1.9 -3.4
-3.1 -2.4 -4.9 -5.5 -5.5
Office furniture and fixtures .......................................................... Other furniture-related products ................................................... Miscellaneous manufacturing ....................................................... Medical equipment and supplies .................................................. Other miscellaneous manufacturing .............................................
3 372 3 379 339 3 391 3 399
139 52 663 304 359
2.4 1.6 3.3 3.7 2.9
1.6 2.5 3.5 4.9 2.3
-0.8 0.9 0.1 1.1 -0.6
8.8 0.0 5.8 6.6 4.5
0.1 0.9 1.9 4.9 -1.1
-7.9 0.9 -3.7 -1.6 -5.4
Wholesale Trade Wholesale trade ........................................................................... Durable goods .............................................................................. Motor vehicles and parts .............................................................. Furniture and furnishings ............................................................. Lumber and construction supplies ...............................................
42 423 4 231 4 232 4 233
5 827 3 054 358 118 235
3.6 4.9 3.6 2.1 0.3
4.0 5.2 3.6 2.3 1.6
0.4 0.3 -0.1 0.1 1.3
3.4 4.9 5.4 9.4 8.3
2.1 2.9 3.8 2.3 10.2
-1.3 -1.9 -1.5 -6.5 1.8
Commercial equipment ................................................................ Metals and minerals ..................................................................... Electric goods ............................................................................... Hardware and plumbing ............................................................... Machinery and supplies ...............................................................
4 234 4 235 4 236 4 237 4 238
669 121 356 237 668
13.5 -0.1 9.2 1.9 2.1
14.0 -0.2 9.2 2.6 2.0
0.5 -0.1 0.0 0.7 -0.1
8.2 0.2 6.5 4.0 4.3
7.0 -5.3 4.0 -0.4 1.8
-1.1 -5.5 -2.4 -4.3 -2.4
Miscellaneous durable goods ....................................................... Nondurable goods ........................................................................ Paper and paper products ............................................................ Druggists’ goods .......................................................................... Apparel and piece goods .............................................................
4 239 424 4 241 4 242 4 243
293 2 109 160 216 161
2.1 1.4 2.4 4.1 1.0
2.6 1.8 2.3 6.9 1.2
0.4 0.3 -0.1 2.7 0.2
-3.3 4.5 2.7 14.0 -5.3
-3.6 1.2 -0.7 9.5 -5.8
-0.3 -3.1 -3.3 -3.9 -0.5
PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS
Table 5-2. Average Annual Percent Change in Output per Hour and Related Series, 1987–2003 and 2002–2003—Continued (Number, percent.)
Industry
NAICS Code
2003 Employment (thousands)
Annual percent change 1987–2003 Output per hour
Output
Hours
Annual percent change 2002–2003 Output per hour
Output
Hours
Grocery and related products ....................................................... Farm product raw materials ......................................................... Chemicals .................................................................................... Petroleum ..................................................................................... Alcoholic beverages .....................................................................
4 244 4 245 4 246 4 247 4 248
718 80 134 108 139
1.4 3.1 0.3 1.9 1.1
2.4 0.2 1.0 -0.7 2.3
1.0 -2.8 0.7 -2.6 1.2
2.8 -0.1 2.9 3.3 1.3
1.1 1.5 -2.7 0.2 4.7
-1.7 1.6 -5.4 -3.1 3.4
Miscellaneous nondurable goods ................................................. Electronic markets and agents and brokers ................................. Business to business electronic markets ..................................... Wholesale trade agents and brokers ...........................................
4 249 425 42 511 42 512
393 665 69 597
0.4 4.4 9.6 2.7
0.3 6.2 8.2 4.8
-0.2 1.7 -1.3 2.1
7.7 -6.2 32.7 -11.5
-1.4 2.2 5.0 0.1
-8.4 8.9 -20.8 13.0
Retail Trade Retail trade ................................................................................... Motor vehicle and parts dealers ................................................... Automobile dealers ...................................................................... Other motor vehicle dealers ......................................................... Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores .......................................
44-45 441 4 411 4 412 4 413
15 872 1 974 1 319 159 497
3.0 1.7 1.3 3.7 3.2
3.9 3.0 2.7 6.3 3.6
0.8 1.2 1.4 2.5 0.4
5.3 1.7 -0.8 12.0 8.3
4.5 3.1 1.6 26.7 4.0
-0.8 1.5 2.4 13.1 -4.0
Furniture and home furnishings stores ......................................... Furniture stores ............................................................................ Home furnishings stores .............................................................. Electronics and appliance stores ................................................. Building material and garden supply stores .................................
442 4 421 4 422 443 444
601 306 295 544 1 236
3.6 3.5 3.8 14.3 3.3
4.5 4.1 5.0 15.5 5.1
0.9 0.6 1.1 1.0 1.8
8.4 5.7 11.8 28.2 7.0
7.0 3.8 10.8 18.7 9.3
-1.3 -1.8 -0.9 -7.4 2.1
Building material and supplies dealers ......................................... Lawn and garden equipment and supplies stores ........................ Food and beverage stores ........................................................... Grocery stores .............................................................................. Specialty food stores ....................................................................
4 441 4 442 445 4 451 4 452
1 073 163 2 951 2 517 276
3.2 3.2 0.3 0.2 -0.2
5.4 3.5 0.6 0.6 0.1
2.1 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.2
7.2 5.7 4.1 2.9 14.1
9.1 10.8 1.7 1.5 6.9
1.8 4.8 -2.3 -1.4 -6.3
Beer, wine, and liquor stores ........................................................ Health and personal care stores .................................................. Gasoline stations .......................................................................... Clothing and clothing accessories stores ..................................... Clothing stores .............................................................................
4 453 446 447 448 4 481
157 976 907 1 398 1 012
1.8 2.6 2.2 4.8 4.8
0.3 3.9 1.6 4.7 5.0
-1.5 1.2 -0.6 -0.1 0.2
12.7 8.0 -3.5 6.7 4.7
2.1 4.4 -1.7 6.8 6.6
-9.4 -3.4 1.8 0.1 1.8
Shoe stores .................................................................................. Jewelry, luggage, and leather goods stores ................................. Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores .......................... Sporting goods and musical instrument stores ............................ Book, periodical, and music stores ..............................................
4 482 4 483 451 4 511 4 512
187 199 729 491 238
4.5 4.8 3.7 4.4 2.3
2.7 4.9 5.2 5.6 4.2
-1.7 0.1 1.4 1.2 1.9
7.0 14.9 0.0 0.8 -1.3
3.3 10.6 0.4 2.0 -2.7
-3.5 -3.8 0.4 1.2 -1.4
General merchandise stores ........................................................ Department stores ........................................................................ Other general merchandise stores ............................................... Miscellaneous store retailers ........................................................ Florists ..........................................................................................
452 4 521 4 529 453 4 531
2 834 1 623 1 212 1 109 139
3.9 1.2 7.9 3.9 3.2
5.5 2.9 9.4 5.1 1.9
1.5 1.7 1.4 1.2 -1.3
4.9 3.3 4.6 5.5 10.3
5.6 -1.3 12.2 2.2 7.9
0.6 -4.5 7.3 -3.2 -2.1
Office supplies, stationery, and gift stores ................................... Used merchandise stores ............................................................ Other miscellaneous store retailers .............................................. Nonstore retailers ......................................................................... Electronic shopping and mail-order houses .................................
4 532 4 533 4 539 454 4 541
459 166 346 612 245
6.1 3.3 1.8 8.8 11.9
6.8 7.5 3.9 9.0 16.6
0.7 4.1 2.1 0.2 4.2
7.1 1.5 6.5 15.9 18.3
3.4 9.6 -1.4 9.4 13.8
-3.5 7.9 -7.4 -5.6 -3.7
Vending machine operators ......................................................... Direct selling establishments ........................................................
4 542 4 543
66 301
1.7 3.4
-0.1 1.6
-1.8 -1.8
9.0 9.0
-4.8 3.1
-12.6 -5.4
Transportation and Warehousing Air transportation .......................................................................... Line-haul railroads ........................................................................ General freight trucking, long-distance ........................................ Used household and office goods moving ................................... Postal service ............................................................................... Couriers and messengers ............................................................
481 482 111 48 412 48 421 491 492
482 176 752 114 809 591
2.0 5.7 1.4 -0.9 1.0 -0.6
2.9 2.4 3.0 0.0 1.3 2.9
0.9 -3.0 1.6 0.9 0.2 3.5
9.9 7.6 2.1 8.5 1.6 2.2
3.1 5.3 0.0 -1.5 -1.9 -1.4
-6.2 -2.1 -2.0 -9.2 -3.4 -3.5
Information Publishing ..................................................................................... Newspaper, book, and directory publishers ................................. Software publishers ...................................................................... Motion picture and video exhibition .............................................. Broadcasting, except Internet ......................................................
511 5 111 5 112 51 213 515
925 686 239 139 324
4.1 0.1 17.7 0.9 0.6
5.1 -0.5 27.6 3.1 2.1
0.9 -0.6 8.4 2.2 1.5
6.7 3.1 13.0 4.1 1.8
-1.4 -3.9 1.8 1.7 1.1
-7.6 -6.7 -9.9 -2.3 -0.7
Radio and television broadcasting ............................................... Cable and other subscription programming ................................. Wired telecommunications carriers .............................................. Wireless telecommunications carriers .......................................... Cable and other program distribution ...........................................
5 151 5 152 5 171 5 172 5 175
238 86 579 190 133
0.1 1.7 5.6 7.4 -0.5
0.3 7.9 4.5 24.7 5.5
0.2 6.1 -1.1 16.1 6.0
1.9 1.9 4.4 13.1 5.3
2.2 -1.1 -6.7 13.6 7.1
0.3 -3.0 -10.6 0.4 1.7
307
308
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 5-2. Average Annual Percent Change in Output per Hour and Related Series, 1987–2003 and 2002–2003—Continued (Number, percent.)
Industry
NAICS Code
2003 Employment (thousands)
Annual percent change 1987–2003 Output per hour
Output
Hours
Annual percent change 2002–2003 Output per hour
Output
Hours
Finance and Insurance Commercial banking ....................................................................
52 211
1 280
2.1
1.7
-0.4
3.0
2.6
-0.4
Real Estate and Rental and Leasing Passenger car rental .................................................................... Truck, trailer, and RV rental and leasing ...................................... Video tape and disc rental ............................................................
532 111 53 212 53 223
121 62 162
1.8 3.5 4.9
3.4 3.7 7.5
1.6 0.2 2.5
5.4 0.6 13.4
-1.8 3.0 12.9
-6.8 2.5 -0.4
Professional and Technical Services Tax preparation services .............................................................. Advertising agencies .................................................................... Photography studios, portrait .......................................................
541 213 54 181 541 921
99 181 107
1.5 2.4 0.5
5.6 2.0 2.7
4.0 -0.4 2.2
-0.9 7.9 9.5
3.1 4.6 0.5
4.0 -3.1 -8.2
Administrative and Support Services Travel agencies ............................................................................ Janitorial services .........................................................................
56 151 56 172
134 1 029
3.2 3.2
2.7 4.7
-0.5 1.5
16.1 11.1
5.8 8.5
-8.9 -2.3
Health Care and Social Assistance 1 Medical and diagnostic laboratories ............................................. Medical laboratories ..................................................................... Diagnostic imaging centers ..........................................................
62 151 621 511 621 512
193 133 60
4.4 2.6 7.1
7.3 5.2 10.7
2.8 2.5 3.4
-4.1 -7.4 -0.7
-1.2 -5.9 5.7
3.0 1.6 6.4
Accomodation and Food Services Traveler accommodations ............................................................ Food services and drinking places ............................................... Full-service restaurants ................................................................ Limited-service eating places ....................................................... Special food services ...................................................................
7 211 722 7 221 7 222 7 223
1 734 8 816 4 195 3 708 522
2.0 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.4
2.9 2.4 2.7 2.6 1.8
0.9 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.3
2.2 3.2 3.0 3.0 3.0
1.4 4.9 6.3 5.3 -1.6
-0.7 1.7 3.2 2.2 -4.4
Drinking places, alcoholic beverages ...........................................
7 224
393
-0.9
-0.7
0.2
11.6
-0.8
-11.1
Other Services Automotive repair and maintenance ............................................ Hair, nail, and skin care services ................................................. Funeral homes and funeral services ............................................ Dry cleaning and laundry services ............................................... Photofinishing ...............................................................................
8 111 81 211 81 221 8 123 81 292
1 155 819 108 391 70
1.2 2.6 -0.3 0.8 -0.5
2.7 3.3 0.8 0.5 -3.1
1.5 0.7 1.1 -0.4 -2.5
0.8 13.4 2.6 -3.4 -4.6
1.9 5.6 4.8 -6.3 -5.4
1.1 -6.9 2.1 -3.0 -0.8
1For
NAICS industries 62 151, 621 511, and 621 512, annual percent changes are for 1994–2003.
309
PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS
Table 5-3. Annual Percent Change in Output per Hour and Related Series, Retail Trade, Wholesale Trade, and Food Services and Drinking Places Industries, 1987–2004 and 2003–2004 (Number, percent.) Industry
NAICS code
2004 Employment (thousands)
Annual percent change 1987–2004 Output per hour
Output
Annual percent change 2002–2004
Hours
Output per hour
Output
Hours
Wholesale Trade Wholesale trade .................................................................................................. Durable goods ..................................................................................................... Motor vehicles and parts ..................................................................................... Furniture and furnishings .................................................................................... Lumber and construction supplies ......................................................................
42 423 4 231 4 232 4 233
5 832 3 042 354 116 247
3.9 5.8 4.4 2.5 1.2
4.4 6.0 4.3 2.5 2.7
0.4 0.2 0.0 0.0 1.5
7.8 12.8 6.7 10.1 16.5
7.8 12.2 7.0 8.6 22.5
0.0 -0.6 0.3 -1.3 5.1
Commercial equipment ....................................................................................... Metals and minerals ............................................................................................ Electric goods ...................................................................................................... Hardware and plumbing ...................................................................................... Machinery and supplies ......................................................................................
4 234 4 235 4 236 4 237 4 238
653 123 350 238 672
14.9 1.0 9.8 1.8 2.8
15.2 0.8 9.6 2.5 2.8
0.3 -0.1 -0.2 0.7 0.0
14.0 15.6 21.9 4.7 14.9
10.7 15.1 17.6 6.2 16.5
-2.9 -0.4 -3.5 1.4 1.3
Miscellaneous durable goods .............................................................................. Nondurable goods ............................................................................................... Paper and paper products ................................................................................... Druggists’ goods ................................................................................................. Apparel and piece goods ....................................................................................
4 239 424 4 241 4 242 4 243
289 2 085 156 224 157
2.1 1.9 2.6 5.2 2.2
2.3 2.1 2.2 7.9 2.4
0.2 0.2 -0.3 2.5 0.1
12.9 4.4 7.0 8.5 4.8
8.9 2.9 3.6 8.7 4.6
-3.5 -1.5 -3.2 0.2 -0.2
Grocery and related products .............................................................................. Farm product raw materials ................................................................................ Chemicals ........................................................................................................... Petroleum ............................................................................................................ Alcoholic beverages ............................................................................................
4 244 4 245 4 246 4 247 4 248
710 75 135 103 143
1.0 3.0 -0.1 3.8 0.5
1.8 -0.1 0.7 0.6 1.9
0.8 -3.1 0.8 -3.1 1.5
0.5 11.3 -4.9 14.2 -3.9
-1.4 3.7 -1.6 1.5 1.8
-2.0 -6.9 3.4 -11.1 5.9
Miscellaneous nondurable goods ........................................................................ Electronic markets and agents and brokers ........................................................
4 249 425
384 705
0.3 3.3
0.0 5.5
-0.3 2.1
8.2 -0.5
6.0 7.3
-2.0 7.9
Retail Trade Retail trade .......................................................................................................... Motor vehicle and parts dealers .......................................................................... Automobile dealers ............................................................................................. Other motor vehicle dealers ................................................................................ Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores ..............................................................
44-45 441 4 411 4 412 4 413
15 933 1 989 1 306 165 518
3.4 3.0 2.8 3.8 3.2
4.3 4.3 4.2 6.5 4.0
0.8 1.3 1.3 2.6 0.8
6.1 4.0 6.5 5.9 -4.7
6.5 6.4 6.5 9.7 2.9
0.4 2.3 0.0 3.6 8.0
Furniture and home furnishings stores ................................................................ Furniture stores ................................................................................................... Home furnishings stores ..................................................................................... Electronics and appliance stores ........................................................................ Building material and garden supply stores ........................................................
442 4 421 4 422 443 444
605 308 297 549 1 273
4.6 4.3 5.0 13.3 3.7
5.4 4.9 6.0 14.7 5.7
0.8 0.6 1.0 1.2 1.9
8.4 9.9 6.6 11.6 9.9
7.4 9.6 4.9 16.5 13.3
-0.9 -0.2 -1.6 4.4 3.1
Building material and supplies dealers ................................................................ Lawn and garden equipment and supplies stores ............................................... Food and beverage stores .................................................................................. Grocery stores ..................................................................................................... Specialty food stores ...........................................................................................
4 441 4 442 445 4 451 4 452
1 113 160 2 918 2 493 274
3.7 4.0 0.2 0.2 -0.3
5.9 4.2 0.3 0.3 -0.1
2.2 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1
9.9 9.3 5.8 5.7 9.4
14.2 7.0 1.4 1.1 7.6
3.9 -2.2 -4.1 -4.4 -1.7
Beer, wine, and liquor stores ............................................................................... Health and personal care stores ......................................................................... Gasoline stations ................................................................................................. Clothing and clothing accessories stores ............................................................ Clothing stores ....................................................................................................
4 453 446 447 448 4 481
152 968 901 1 455 1 069
1.8 2.9 2.3 4.5 4.6
0.2 4.0 1.8 4.8 5.2
-1.6 1.0 -0.5 0.3 0.6
6.6 6.2 1.4 -0.1 0.0
2.7 3.7 3.2 6.6 7.7
-3.7 -2.4 1.9 6.7 7.6
Shoe stores ......................................................................................................... Jewelry, luggage, and leather goods stores ........................................................ Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores ................................................. Sporting goods and musical instrument stores ................................................... Book, periodical, and music stores .....................................................................
4 482 4 483 451 4 511 4 512
192 193 712 485 227
3.7 4.7 4.2 4.9 2.6
2.6 4.8 4.9 5.4 3.9
-1.0 0.1 0.7 0.5 1.3
-8.5 6.3 15.4 18.1 9.9
1.9 5.4 4.1 5.3 1.9
11.4 -0.9 -9.8 -10.9 -7.3
General merchandise stores ............................................................................... Department stores ............................................................................................... Other general merchandise stores ...................................................................... Miscellaneous store retailers ............................................................................... Florists .................................................................................................................
452 4 521 4 529 453 4 531
2 864 1 625 1 240 1 092 134
3.9 1.3 7.6 3.8 1.5
5.5 2.9 9.4 4.9 0.2
1.6 1.6 1.6 1.1 -1.3
4.1 1.5 5.3 4.1 -5.8
6.6 1.3 11.1 3.7 -6.6
2.4 -0.3 5.5 -0.4 -0.8
Office supplies, stationery, and gift stores .......................................................... Used merchandise stores ................................................................................... Other miscellaneous store retailers ..................................................................... Nonstore retailers ................................................................................................ Electronic shopping and mail-order houses ........................................................
4 532 4 533 4 539 454 4 541
440 172 345 607 250
6.0 2.3 2.0 9.9 12.7
6.3 6.4 4.3 10.0 17.2
0.3 4.0 2.3 0.1 3.9
6.3 0.0 2.7 14.6 17.2
0.4 1.3 8.4 14.0 17.4
-5.5 1.3 5.6 -0.5 0.2
Vending machine operators ................................................................................ Direct selling establishments ...............................................................................
4 542 4 543
62 295
0.1 5.0
-1.8 3.3
-1.9 -1.7
-0.9 10.0
-5.4 9.9
-4.5 -0.1
Food Services and Drinking Places Food services and drinking places ...................................................................... Full-service restaurants ....................................................................................... Limited-service eating places .............................................................................. Special food services .......................................................................................... Drinking places, alcoholic beverages ..................................................................
722 7 221 7 222 7 223 7 224
9 081 4 329 3 830 530 392
0.7 0.8 0.8 1.2 -0.6
2.5 2.7 2.6 2.5 0.0
1.8 1.9 1.8 1.3 0.6
2.4 2.3 3.3 -0.2 0.6
5.6 4.8 7.1 1.3 7.9
3.1 2.5 3.7 1.5 7.2
310
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 5-4. Indexes of Multifactor Productivity and Related Measures, Selected Years, 1960–2002 (2000 = 100, unless otherwise indicated.) Industry
Private Business Productivity Output per hour of all persons ..................................... Output per unit of capital ............................................. Multifactor productivity ................................................ Output ............................................................................. Inputs Labor input .................................................................. Capital services ........................................................... Combined units of labor and capital inputs ................. Capital services per hour for all persons ......................... Private Nonfarm Business Productivity Output per hour of all persons ..................................... Output per unit of capital ............................................. Multifactor productivity ................................................ Output ............................................................................. Inputs Labor input .................................................................. Capital services ........................................................... Combined units of labor and capital inputs ................. Capital services per hour for all persons ......................... Manufacturing 1 Productivity Output per hour of all persons ..................................... Output per unit of capital ............................................. Multifactor productivity ................................................ Output ............................................................................. Inputs Hours at work of all persons ........................................ Capital services ........................................................... Energy ......................................................................... Non-energy materials .................................................. Purchased business services ...................................... Combined units of all inputs ........................................
11996
= 100.
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
40.8 113.6 61.6 22.5
50.0 125.1 72.1 29.1
56.4 115.6 76.0 34.3
63.9 107.5 80.8 39.6
67.8 106.6 84.1 48.5
74.9 102.9 87.5 58.1
77.3 102.4 88.9 60.3
77.7 102.4 89.1 62.5
78.9 103.4 89.8 65.2
79.7 103.9 90.3 67.6
81.4 102.6 90.9 68.6
82.7 99.7 90.3 68.1
48.5 19.8 36.5 35.9
52.1 23.3 40.4 40.0
54.8 29.7 45.1 48.8
56.0 36.9 49.0 59.5
64.6 45.5 57.7 63.6
71.8 56.5 66.4 72.8
72.7 58.9 67.9 75.5
75.0 61.0 70.1 75.9
77.7 63.0 72.6 76.3
80.2 65.0 74.9 76.7
80.1 66.9 75.5 79.3
79.1 68.4 75.4 83.0
43.6 126.0 65.8 22.2
52.5 137.1 75.7 29.0
58.1 124.9 78.8 34.3
65.4 114.3 83.3 39.5
69.2 112.7 86.5 48.7
75.5 106.1 88.7 58.0
77.9 105.2 90.0 60.3
78.2 104.7 90.0 62.4
79.6 105.7 90.9 65.3
80.1 105.9 91.1 67.6
81.7 104.2 91.5 68.6
83.1 101.1 91.0 68.1
45.1 17.7 33.8 34.6
49.8 21.2 38.3 38.3
53.3 27.5 43.5 46.5
54.7 34.6 47.4 57.2
63.5 43.2 56.3 61.4
71.1 54.7 65.4 71.2
72.1 57.3 66.9 74.0
74.5 59.6 69.3 74.7
77.3 61.8 71.9 75.2
79.8 63.9 74.3 75.7
79.8 65.8 75.0 78.4
78.7 67.4 74.8 82.3
37.0 119.7 67.9 32.8
42.9 131.5 77.2 42.2
48.0 112.2 78.8 48.2
56.8 99.9 78.5 53.3
62.0 97.2 81.2 64.3
72.9 96.1 89.2 73.5
76.1 96.3 90.7 75.6
78.3 97.6 93.6 78.3
79.9 100.7 95.3 82.2
80.0 99.2 93.5 82.6
82.2 97.5 93.3 83.2
84.1 93.6 92.4 81.5
88.8 27.4 47.9 33.0 25.3 48.3
98.3 32.1 62.5 35.6 33.3 54.7
100.6 43.0 79.7 38.7 43.6 61.2
93.9 53.4 81.8 53.1 51.9 67.9
103.7 66.1 86.1 63.9 65.8 79.2
100.8 76.5 80.7 72.2 62.1 82.4
99.4 78.5 81.4 74.2 65.4 83.4
100.0 80.2 86.5 70.9 70.8 83.7
102.8 81.6 89.9 71.9 77.4 86.2
103.3 83.2 90.2 75.0 82.6 88.3
101.1 85.3 93.1 77.5 84.7 89.1
96.9 87.1 93.2 78.5 84.6 88.3
311
PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS
Table 5-4. Indexes of Multifactor Productivity and Related Measures, Selected Years, 1960–2002 —Continued (2000 = 100, unless otherwise indicated.) Industry
Private Business Productivity Output per hour of all persons ..................................... Output per unit of capital ............................................. Multifactor productivity ................................................ Output ............................................................................. Inputs Labor input .................................................................. Capital services ........................................................... Combined units of labor and capital inputs ................. Capital services per hour for all persons ......................... Private Nonfarm Business Productivity Output per hour of all persons ..................................... Output per unit of capital ............................................. Multifactor productivity ................................................ Output ............................................................................. Inputs Labor input .................................................................. Capital services ........................................................... Combined units of labor and capital inputs ................. Capital services per hour for all persons ......................... Manufacturing 1 Productivity Output per hour of all persons ..................................... Output per unit of capital ............................................. Multifactor productivity ................................................ Output ............................................................................. Inputs Hours at work of all persons ........................................ Capital services ........................................................... Energy ......................................................................... Non-energy materials .................................................. Purchased business services ...................................... Combined units of all inputs ........................................
11996 = 100. . . . = Not available.
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
86.2 101.7 92.7 70.9
86.5 102.6 93.1 73.2
87.5 104.5 94.1 76.9
87.7 103.6 93.8 79.1
90.3 103.9 95.5 82.8
91.9 104.1 96.3 87.2
94.4 102.6 97.4 91.5
97.2 101.8 98.7 96.2
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
102.7 96.3 100.1 100.4
107.2 95.5 102.0 102.3
80.0 69.7 76.5 84.8
82.4 71.3 78.6 84.4
86.1 73.5 81.7 83.7
88.5 76.4 84.3 84.6
90.4 79.7 86.7 86.9
94.0 83.8 90.5 88.3
96.2 89.2 93.9 92.0
99.0 94.5 97.5 95.4
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
98.6 104.2 100.4 106.6
97.4 107.1 100.3 112.2
86.5 102.8 93.2 70.8
86.9 103.8 93.6 73.2
87.9 105.4 94.5 76.7
88.4 104.7 94.6 79.3
90.8 104.7 96.0 82.9
92.2 104.6 96.6 87.2
94.7 103.0 97.7 91.5
97.3 102.1 98.8 96.3
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
102.6 96.3 100.0 100.5
107.2 95.4 102.0 102.4
79.6 68.8 75.9 84.1
82.2 70.6 78.2 83.7
85.6 72.8 81.2 83.3
88.0 75.7 83.8 84.4
90.0 79.2 86.3 86.7
93.7 83.3 90.2 88.2
96.0 88.8 93.7 91.9
99.0 94.3 97.5 95.3
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
98.8 104.4 100.5 106.6
97.3 107.3 100.3 112.4
88.6 95.9 94.0 85.5
90.2 96.9 95.1 88.3
93.0 99.7 97.3 92.9
96.5 100.6 99.2 96.9
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
103.8 101.4 103.1 105.6
108.9 101.7 105.7 110.5
114.0 101.7 108.7 114.7
118.3 101.0 111.3 117.4
119.7 95.1 110.3 112.1
... ... ... ...
96.5 89.1 93.1 83.5 92.0 90.9
97.8 91.1 96.6 86.5 92.9 92.8
99.9 93.2 99.9 90.3 96.0 95.5
100.4 96.4 102.3 93.1 100.4 97.7
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
101.7 104.1 97.5 101.9 103.9 102.4
101.5 108.7 100.6 107.5 103.1 104.6
100.7 112.8 102.9 107.9 105.4 105.5
99.2 116.2 104.3 106.9 106.5 105.5
93.6 117.9 98.9 105.5 97.7 101.6
... ... ... ... ... ...
312
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 5-5. Indexes of Multifactor Productivity and Related Measures, Manufacturing Industries, 1985–2001 (1996 = 100.) Industry
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
Total Nondurable Goods Output per hour of all persons ......................... Output per unit of capital ................................ Multifactor productivity .................................... Sector output ................................................... Hours of all persons at work ............................ Capital services ............................................... Energy ............................................................. Non-energy materials ...................................... Purchased business services .......................... Combined units of all inputs ............................
79.6 101.0 98.8 78.0 98.0 77.3 76.5 73.9 57.4 79.0
81.9 101.9 99.4 80.5 98.3 79.0 77.6 76.9 59.8 81.0
83.6 104.3 101.2 84.0 100.4 80.5 80.9 77.9 65.5 83.0
84.9 105.7 102.4 86.5 102.0 81.8 83.4 77.3 73.2 84.5
84.5 104.0 100.0 87.0 103.0 83.6 85.3 79.6 80.7 87.0
86.5 102.9 99.1 88.6 102.5 86.1 89.6 82.5 87.1 89.5
88.2 99.9 98.1 88.5 100.3 88.6 90.6 83.5 90.3 90.2
91.9 101.9 98.6 92.9 101.0 91.1 92.6 89.3 97.9 94.1
92.4 101.3 99.1 94.5 102.3 93.4 96.5 91.0 96.2 95.4
94.3 102.2 99.6 97.3 103.2 95.2 98.9 95.2 96.6 97.7
97.1 101.7 100.5 99.2 102.2 97.6 102.4 95.5 101.5 98.7
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
103.1 100.5 101.0 103.2 100.0 102.7 95.7 103.8 102.7 102.1
105.8 98.7 101.0 104.4 98.6 105.8 97.1 107.0 101.5 103.3
107.4 96.5 101.5 104.9 97.7 108.7 98.0 106.1 102.2 103.4
110.8 95.0 100.4 105.5 95.2 111.1 97.8 110.2 106.8 105.1
112.1 90.8 98.1 101.7 90.7 112.1 94.8 111.4 103.2 103.7
Food and Kindred Products Output per hour of all persons ......................... Output per unit of capital ................................ Multifactor productivity .................................... Sector output ................................................... Hours of all persons at work ............................ Capital services ............................................... Energy ............................................................. Non-energy materials ...................................... Purchased business services .......................... Combined units of all inputs ............................
89.0 102.2 103.9 81.9 92.0 80.1 78.9 77.1 62.0 78.8
89.0 101.2 102.3 83.1 93.4 82.2 81.7 79.1 69.4 81.2
89.5 100.4 102.9 84.5 94.5 84.2 84.5 80.6 63.9 82.2
91.9 102.5 106.4 87.2 94.9 85.1 87.1 79.0 71.0 81.9
89.4 100.7 102.2 86.9 97.2 86.3 88.0 81.9 79.8 85.0
90.1 101.1 100.9 89.3 99.1 88.3 88.4 85.6 87.3 88.4
93.2 100.8 101.8 90.9 97.5 90.2 91.3 86.1 93.5 89.3
98.1 103.6 101.4 95.8 97.6 92.5 93.4 92.9 102.5 94.5
98.3 103.4 102.7 97.5 99.1 94.2 96.1 92.5 103.9 94.9
98.8 103.1 100.5 98.4 99.7 95.5 100.1 97.4 101.9 97.9
100.8 104.2 104.5 101.8 101.0 97.7 104.8 95.5 101.4 97.4
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
102.2 101.9 101.2 103.4 101.1 101.5 101.3 102.7 101.8 102.2
106.1 100.2 100.1 106.6 100.4 106.4 105.2 109.1 103.1 106.5
104.3 98.1 102.9 107.1 102.7 109.1 105.2 104.2 97.2 104.1
104.7 95.1 100.2 106.8 102.0 112.3 105.6 107.6 100.0 106.6
105.0 93.6 97.1 106.6 101.4 113.9 106.0 112.8 102.0 109.7
Textile Mill Products Output per hour of all persons ......................... Output per unit of capital ................................ Multifactor productivity .................................... Sector output ................................................... Hours of all persons at work ............................ Capital services ............................................... Energy ............................................................. Non-energy materials ...................................... Purchased business services .......................... Combined units of all inputs ............................
70.1 84.8 84.1 77.0 109.9 90.8 79.5 87.0 53.2 91.5
71.2 88.4 85.9 80.4 112.8 90.9 83.0 88.5 55.6 93.5
72.6 95.0 87.1 86.5 119.1 91.1 91.3 95.1 61.2 99.4
73.6 94.7 89.8 86.4 117.4 91.2 91.3 88.0 68.5 96.2
76.5 96.5 90.3 88.3 115.5 91.5 92.0 90.7 77.9 97.8
78.9 93.6 91.0 86.2 109.3 92.0 88.5 88.2 79.2 94.7
79.7 93.1 91.2 85.8 107.6 92.1 90.5 86.6 84.2 94.0
85.7 100.3 95.1 92.9 108.5 92.6 94.5 91.9 95.2 97.7
88.9 104.0 96.5 97.6 109.8 93.9 98.8 97.4 98.3 101.1
91.2 105.1 97.2 101.5 111.4 96.5 104.7 101.9 102.3 104.5
95.1 101.8 98.5 100.5 105.7 98.8 106.2 99.7 102.7 102.0
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
101.0 98.9 101.4 100.7 99.7 101.8 95.9 99.0 97.2 99.3
104.1 94.3 100.7 99.6 95.7 105.6 94.1 101.5 92.2 98.9
109.4 90.6 104.7 96.9 88.5 106.9 91.7 93.7 85.2 92.5
111.2 89.6 107.8 95.2 85.6 106.2 90.3 87.9 80.3 88.3
114.5 82.4 110.0 85.3 74.5 103.5 81.1 76.3 68.3 77.5
Apparel and Related Products Output per hour of all persons ......................... Output per unit of capital ................................ Multifactor productivity .................................... Sector output ................................................... Hours of all persons at work ............................ Capital services ............................................... Energy ............................................................. Non-energy materials ...................................... Purchased business services .......................... Combined units of all inputs ............................
72.7 102.9 94.4 88.6 121.9 86.1 62.0 98.2 31.3 93.8
75.0 103.3 95.4 91.0 121.3 88.1 66.1 100.9 32.5 95.4
76.0 105.9 96.5 93.5 123.0 88.3 68.7 103.4 31.6 96.9
76.2 102.6 96.3 92.3 121.1 89.9 69.2 98.6 39.7 95.8
72.4 99.4 94.9 87.7 121.2 88.3 60.5 89.3 47.5 92.5
75.1 97.8 94.4 87.0 115.8 88.9 59.8 88.0 58.7 92.1
75.6 98.1 92.6 86.2 114.1 87.9 61.1 87.9 70.5 93.1
81.4 102.5 92.1 93.4 114.8 91.1 95.6 97.4 91.8 101.3
85.2 101.4 93.1 96.2 112.9 94.9 105.9 100.7 95.6 103.3
89.9 102.9 95.8 100.8 112.1 98.0 103.4 103.7 99.2 105.2
95.5 99.5 98.2 101.6 106.3 102.1 110.4 102.0 102.1 103.4
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
113.7 108.0 102.9 107.0 94.1 99.1 84.0 110.6 108.1 104.0
117.1 97.1 103.6 103.0 88.0 106.1 81.0 105.8 100.9 99.4
129.1 95.8 105.0 104.2 80.7 108.8 81.7 109.6 101.6 99.2
141.4 91.8 108.7 102.1 72.2 111.2 80.1 106.2 93.6 93.9
144.4 83.8 111.5 92.6 64.1 110.5 73.5 92.5 80.6 83.1
Paper and Allied Products Output per hour of all persons ......................... Output per unit of capital ................................ Multifactor productivity .................................... Sector output ................................................... Hours of all persons at work ............................ Capital services ............................................... Energy ............................................................. Non-energy materials ...................................... Purchased business services .......................... Combined units of all inputs ............................
81.3 103.5 97.9 78.7 96.9 76.1 77.8 76.8 57.1 80.4
86.6 105.0 100.2 82.4 95.2 78.5 81.2 79.9 62.7 82.2
86.5 105.6 99.8 84.5 97.8 80.1 84.9 81.7 69.0 84.8
88.3 107.4 100.8 87.8 99.4 81.7 86.4 83.3 79.2 87.1
88.1 104.9 98.4 89.1 101.2 84.9 88.8 87.0 89.1 90.6
88.3 101.0 97.4 89.5 101.4 88.6 94.2 87.5 89.6 91.9
90.6 98.3 98.2 90.2 99.6 91.8 94.9 86.9 90.1 91.8
93.0 100.2 99.5 94.0 101.2 93.9 96.8 90.2 94.9 94.5
94.8 101.3 103.0 96.3 101.6 95.0 99.2 87.7 90.2 93.5
98.4 104.8 104.1 100.6 102.2 96.0 101.3 93.5 93.9 96.6
99.1 103.3 98.1 100.4 101.3 97.2 104.5 103.1 113.4 102.3
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
101.3 100.3 102.7 102.2 100.9 102.0 98.2 98.3 97.0 99.6
104.8 99.0 101.6 103.7 98.9 104.7 99.5 104.5 97.8 102.1
105.8 99.0 101.7 105.1 99.3 106.2 101.3 106.8 97.4 103.3
108.4 96.5 100.0 102.8 94.9 106.5 99.0 109.0 98.1 102.8
108.2 91.2 98.2 97.2 89.9 106.6 93.8 105.6 90.9 99.0
NONDURABLE GOODS
313
PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS
Table 5-5. Indexes of Multifactor Productivity and Related Measures, Manufacturing Industries, 1985–2001—Continued (1996 = 100.) Industry
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
Printing and Publishing Output per hour of all persons ......................... Output per unit of capital ................................ Multifactor productivity .................................... Sector output ................................................... Hours of all persons at work ............................ Capital services ............................................... Energy ............................................................. Non-energy materials ...................................... Purchased business services .......................... Combined units of all inputs ............................
103.3 142.9 114.2 93.4 90.3 65.3 65.1 82.4 74.8 81.7
104.2 139.5 112.8 96.6 92.6 69.2 70.2 87.0 80.9 85.6
106.6 138.8 112.7 101.1 94.9 72.8 81.9 91.3 89.2 89.7
101.5 131.6 110.8 101.4 99.9 77.0 87.6 88.6 88.8 91.5
99.5 123.1 109.5 100.0 100.5 81.3 87.8 85.3 88.3 91.3
98.0 117.6 107.0 99.7 101.7 84.8 91.6 87.6 89.2 93.2
96.9 108.4 104.6 95.3 98.3 88.0 90.7 85.8 84.3 91.1
100.5 107.5 106.0 97.7 97.2 90.9 91.5 87.5 88.1 92.2
98.4 105.3 102.0 98.0 99.6 93.0 94.4 94.2 93.0 96.1
97.1 104.3 102.6 98.5 101.4 94.4 98.2 90.6 92.4 96.0
97.2 102.1 100.9 99.2 102.1 97.2 102.9 92.4 100.4 98.4
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
96.4 92.4 95.7 98.4 102.2 106.5 70.6 104.1 101.4 102.9
97.0 91.1 95.7 98.1 101.1 107.7 70.7 104.7 99.8 102.5
99.0 86.5 97.7 99.9 100.9 115.5 71.2 101.4 97.5 102.3
100.8 82.3 98.0 100.4 99.6 121.9 72.0 99.4 100.0 102.4
97.1 73.7 93.1 92.9 95.6 126.0 66.9 99.6 91.6 99.7
Chemicals and Allied Products Output per hour of all persons ......................... Output per unit of capital ................................ Multifactor productivity .................................... Sector output ................................................... Hours of all persons at work ............................ Capital services ............................................... Energy ............................................................. Non-energy materials ...................................... Purchased business services .......................... Combined units of all inputs ............................
72.9 97.0 92.8 71.2 97.7 73.4 75.6 72.3 55.3 76.8
78.3 99.5 96.7 74.6 95.3 75.0 73.9 73.6 57.6 77.1
85.1 107.6 102.8 82.1 96.5 76.3 79.6 76.6 63.5 79.9
86.4 111.3 101.9 86.2 99.7 77.5 83.1 82.4 75.7 84.6
86.1 110.3 99.7 87.8 102.0 79.6 85.7 85.7 84.7 88.1
87.5 109.0 100.1 90.2 103.1 82.8 90.7 86.0 89.5 90.1
87.5 103.5 97.2 89.5 102.3 86.5 90.4 88.2 93.0 92.1
89.0 103.7 96.9 92.6 104.0 89.3 91.2 93.0 99.4 95.6
89.2 101.1 95.4 93.0 104.2 92.0 95.7 95.9 100.0 97.5
94.9 102.4 98.2 96.6 101.8 94.3 97.7 99.2 99.5 98.4
97.9 101.7 99.1 98.5 100.6 96.9 99.5 98.3 104.5 99.4
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
107.1 103.0 102.9 106.5 99.4 103.4 92.1 108.3 105.3 103.5
106.4 99.3 101.8 106.8 100.4 107.6 93.0 108.4 104.2 104.9
107.4 97.4 100.9 107.9 100.5 110.7 93.1 114.8 100.8 106.9
110.6 95.9 97.5 108.8 98.4 113.4 93.7 131.6 103.1 111.6
108.9 91.7 96.4 105.3 96.7 114.8 91.8 126.0 99.0 109.3
Petroleum Refining and Related Products Output per hour of all persons ......................... Output per unit of capital ................................ Multifactor productivity .................................... Sector output ................................................... Hours of all persons at work ............................ Capital services ............................................... Energy ............................................................. Non-energy materials ...................................... Purchased business services .......................... Combined units of all inputs ............................
68.2 92.0 96.2 83.1 121.9 90.4 100.9 83.8 70.7 86.4
76.1 98.6 98.7 88.3 116.1 89.6 102.5 89.3 53.4 89.5
78.8 102.3 98.7 90.2 114.5 88.2 90.2 91.9 68.4 91.4
82.7 105.0 99.4 92.1 111.3 87.7 93.9 93.7 70.2 92.7
83.3 105.6 99.2 92.1 110.5 87.3 93.9 93.5 79.8 92.9
83.0 105.3 98.5 92.5 111.4 87.8 106.3 93.4 97.4 94.0
82.3 102.3 98.5 91.5 111.1 89.4 104.5 92.0 90.9 92.9
84.5 101.3 99.2 93.3 110.4 92.1 100.3 93.6 84.8 94.0
90.1 101.6 100.1 96.3 106.9 94.8 103.3 96.8 80.5 96.3
91.6 99.3 99.7 96.0 104.8 96.7 99.6 96.4 83.0 96.3
96.8 99.0 99.9 97.4 100.6 98.4 103.8 97.6 88.6 97.5
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
106.2 103.2 101.1 103.3 97.3 100.0 100.5 103.1 104.1 102.2
108.4 107.2 104.1 105.7 97.5 98.6 101.2 105.6 75.6 101.5
112.8 107.1 103.3 104.1 92.3 97.2 104.1 103.6 90.1 100.7
120.2 110.2 102.5 105.7 87.9 95.9 102.1 105.2 123.5 103.1
118.6 110.6 102.8 104.7 88.2 94.6 101.5 104.3 114.2 101.8
Rubber and Miscellaneous Plastics Products Output per hour of all persons ......................... Output per unit of capital ................................ Multifactor productivity .................................... Sector output ................................................... Hours of all persons at work ............................ Capital services ............................................... Energy ............................................................. Non-energy materials ...................................... Purchased business services .......................... Combined units of all inputs ............................
73.3 94.8 88.6 60.4 82.3 63.7 66.9 64.6 46.2 68.1
74.1 93.9 88.6 62.2 83.9 66.2 70.0 66.8 48.0 70.2
78.3 99.4 90.1 67.6 86.3 68.0 75.4 72.9 54.9 74.9
78.8 100.6 90.6 70.1 89.0 69.7 78.5 74.6 61.3 77.4
79.6 99.6 92.4 72.0 90.4 72.3 81.0 73.7 64.7 77.9
81.9 97.5 92.5 73.4 89.7 75.3 81.4 75.7 68.7 79.4
83.1 92.1 93.7 72.0 86.6 78.1 79.9 72.1 69.4 76.8
90.3 100.6 95.7 81.2 89.9 80.7 83.5 83.0 83.1 84.8
91.7 103.1 96.4 86.7 94.6 84.1 90.3 88.7 87.7 90.0
94.5 106.7 97.9 94.3 99.8 88.4 96.6 95.8 95.7 96.3
95.7 102.5 98.1 96.4 100.7 94.0 101.9 97.1 100.6 98.3
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
104.1 99.4 102.3 106.1 101.9 106.7 101.0 104.0 106.0 103.8
106.9 95.8 103.4 109.8 102.7 114.6 104.2 107.0 104.3 106.2
109.6 93.2 104.0 114.0 104.1 122.4 108.6 111.1 106.1 109.6
113.4 90.5 105.6 116.7 103.0 128.9 111.0 112.3 106.8 110.6
113.7 81.8 104.5 109.1 95.9 133.4 104.5 105.7 96.8 104.4
314
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 5-5. Indexes of Multifactor Productivity and Related Measures, Manufacturing Industries, 1985–2001—Continued (1996 = 100.) Industry
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
Total Durable Goods Output per hour of all persons ......................... Output per unit of capital ................................ Multifactor productivity .................................... Sector output ................................................... Hours of all persons at work ............................ Capital services ............................................... Energy ............................................................. Non-energy materials ...................................... Purchased business services .......................... Combined units of all inputs ............................
68.1 92.2 82.0 70.0 102.7 75.9 88.1 72.5 67.0 85.4
71.7 91.7 84.1 71.8 100.1 78.3 88.1 73.2 71.4 85.4
74.4 92.4 87.5 74.2 99.7 80.2 95.4 68.4 76.5 84.7
76.1 96.4 89.4 78.7 103.4 81.7 100.2 71.3 81.9 88.1
76.2 95.0 88.3 78.9 103.5 83.1 97.8 73.5 84.7 89.3
78.2 92.6 88.9 78.3 100.2 84.6 98.6 74.0 82.3 88.1
79.4 87.7 88.1 75.1 94.5 85.6 97.3 73.0 78.9 85.2
84.6 90.9 90.6 79.0 93.3 86.9 94.4 77.7 86.0 87.1
87.4 93.5 92.2 82.8 94.7 88.5 97.2 82.5 89.5 89.8
91.4 98.1 95.5 89.3 97.7 91.0 101.7 86.7 95.4 93.4
95.7 99.9 98.1 94.9 99.1 95.0 102.6 92.4 99.3 96.7
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
105.2 102.3 104.6 108.2 102.9 105.8 99.4 102.3 105.1 103.5
112.6 104.2 109.4 116.6 103.5 111.9 105.4 109.3 104.7 106.6
120.8 105.7 114.4 124.1 102.7 117.4 110.2 112.2 108.6 108.5
126.0 105.4 120.3 128.5 102.0 121.9 113.6 105.3 106.1 106.8
126.9 97.5 121.0 121.4 95.7 124.5 106.3 98.1 91.9 100.3
Lumber and Wood Products Output per hour of all persons ......................... Output per unit of capital ................................ Multifactor productivity .................................... Sector output ................................................... Hours of all persons at work ............................ Capital services ............................................... Energy ............................................................. Non-energy materials ...................................... Purchased business services .......................... Combined units of all inputs ............................
101.4 85.5 102.0 87.7 86.5 102.6 69.8 87.7 47.4 86.0
106.4 93.1 105.9 94.9 89.2 101.9 75.8 92.7 55.7 89.6
107.9 101.9 110.7 102.1 94.6 100.3 85.7 94.2 59.6 92.3
105.4 102.7 111.7 101.0 95.9 98.4 90.4 89.1 58.0 90.4
102.5 101.4 110.9 97.9 95.5 96.5 88.5 83.7 62.8 88.3
103.8 100.1 111.6 96.2 92.8 96.1 89.6 80.8 63.0 86.2
105.9 93.6 111.3 88.8 83.9 94.9 89.5 73.6 60.4 79.8
106.2 98.4 110.7 92.3 86.9 93.7 83.1 78.8 69.5 83.4
100.0 98.6 101.8 92.1 92.2 93.5 92.3 85.9 100.3 90.5
99.3 102.3 101.1 97.2 97.8 95.0 97.9 93.8 102.6 96.1
99.5 102.2 102.3 99.5 100.0 97.4 103.3 94.6 98.0 97.3
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
98.6 97.2 98.5 99.7 101.2 102.6 88.5 100.8 104.5 101.3
99.5 99.8 97.5 103.9 104.5 104.2 92.5 110.4 106.9 106.6
100.9 101.4 96.4 107.6 106.7 106.2 96.6 119.6 112.8 111.6
100.6 98.4 95.6 106.1 105.4 107.8 94.8 119.8 106.8 110.9
101.5 93.5 94.5 100.9 99.4 107.9 90.6 119.0 93.2 106.8
Furniture and Fixtures Output per hour of all persons ......................... Output per unit of capital ................................ Multifactor productivity .................................... Sector output ................................................... Hours of all persons at work ............................ Capital services ............................................... Energy ............................................................. Non-energy materials ...................................... Purchased business services .......................... Combined units of all inputs ............................
81.6 100.4 95.0 78.6 96.3 78.3 71.4 74.4 90.5 82.7
84.1 102.9 94.5 82.5 98.1 80.2 76.3 79.8 103.0 87.3
86.8 104.7 95.9 87.2 100.5 83.3 89.6 83.2 111.8 90.9
85.5 101.0 95.5 87.1 101.9 86.3 92.7 82.9 108.4 91.3
85.4 100.0 95.4 87.8 102.7 87.8 97.2 83.9 106.1 92.0
87.6 96.7 95.4 86.4 98.6 89.4 91.3 84.2 101.6 90.6
88.0 90.5 95.7 80.9 91.9 89.3 90.4 78.6 90.4 84.5
91.7 97.0 98.7 87.4 95.3 90.2 91.2 83.5 93.4 88.6
93.5 99.7 100.5 92.0 98.4 92.3 96.3 86.8 95.3 91.6
93.8 100.5 99.3 95.0 101.3 94.6 98.5 92.2 97.8 95.7
98.2 101.2 99.9 98.7 100.5 97.5 103.9 97.5 101.3 98.8
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
107.2 107.0 103.4 111.0 103.5 103.7 110.5 109.4 112.2 107.3
111.3 109.3 103.2 119.0 106.9 108.9 118.0 121.2 118.1 115.3
113.0 108.1 103.7 123.9 109.6 114.5 122.7 126.3 120.7 119.4
114.0 105.5 103.4 126.1 110.6 119.4 125.0 129.9 120.9 122.0
116.6 96.4 103.0 116.3 99.8 120.7 117.1 121.6 107.4 113.0
Stone, Clay, and Glass Output per hour of all persons ......................... Output per unit of capital ................................ Multifactor productivity .................................... Sector output ................................................... Hours of all persons at work ............................ Capital services ............................................... Energy ............................................................. Non-energy materials ...................................... Purchased business services .......................... Combined units of all inputs ............................
85.5 81.0 89.6 82.7 96.7 102.1 95.2 87.2 72.6 92.3
88.9 84.2 92.9 86.2 97.0 102.4 100.4 86.4 78.1 92.8
91.1 86.4 94.5 88.4 97.0 102.2 102.6 86.7 85.3 93.5
90.2 88.3 94.7 90.2 100.0 102.2 104.5 87.6 88.0 95.3
89.9 87.4 95.7 89.6 99.7 102.5 101.7 84.3 87.8 93.6
92.1 87.0 96.6 88.7 96.4 102.0 101.6 83.4 86.8 91.9
90.9 80.9 94.4 81.7 89.9 101.0 97.0 78.3 81.6 86.6
95.7 86.5 98.8 85.7 89.5 99.1 99.6 78.5 85.5 86.7
95.8 90.1 97.4 87.6 91.4 97.2 100.6 84.7 87.9 89.9
96.1 95.2 99.2 91.9 95.6 96.5 98.7 87.8 90.3 92.7
97.3 96.8 99.9 94.5 97.1 97.6 104.3 89.7 94.0 94.6
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
103.9 98.4 103.9 103.5 99.6 105.2 101.7 97.3 97.4 99.6
108.4 97.9 103.2 108.9 100.5 111.3 107.1 108.7 102.3 105.5
108.5 93.7 102.2 110.4 101.8 117.8 108.4 111.2 102.4 108.0
107.0 88.5 100.1 109.9 102.7 124.1 108.1 113.1 100.2 109.8
102.3 80.4 94.9 104.6 102.3 130.1 104.5 114.5 96.1 110.3
Primary Metal Industries Output per hour of all persons ......................... Output per unit of capital ................................ Multifactor productivity .................................... Sector output ................................................... Hours of all persons at work ............................ Capital services ............................................... Energy ............................................................. Non-energy materials ...................................... Purchased business services .......................... Combined units of all inputs ............................
76.0 74.0 92.0 81.5 107.3 110.1 103.5 75.0 73.2 88.6
81.4 75.3 98.1 81.0 99.6 107.5 95.5 69.4 70.9 82.6
85.2 82.1 97.0 86.5 101.5 105.3 98.9 78.6 84.0 89.1
87.8 90.2 96.0 93.7 106.8 103.9 111.5 88.2 100.6 97.6
85.3 88.6 94.6 91.1 106.8 102.8 103.2 86.8 101.2 96.3
85.3 86.5 96.2 88.5 103.7 102.3 105.2 80.9 92.9 91.9
86.0 82.2 96.6 83.7 97.3 101.8 107.0 75.8 81.4 86.6
91.4 86.1 99.8 86.6 94.8 100.6 99.7 78.2 83.9 86.8
95.2 91.4 103.4 91.0 95.5 99.5 99.0 80.2 85.0 88.0
96.1 97.2 102.2 96.2 100.2 99.0 110.2 87.4 93.6 94.1
97.7 98.5 99.9 97.7 100.0 99.2 99.9 94.9 101.6 97.7
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.9 101.6 100.3 102.6 101.7 101.0 94.6 103.8 103.6 102.3
106.5 103.9 102.7 106.3 99.8 102.3 97.6 107.9 100.9 103.5
105.8 102.0 103.4 105.7 99.9 103.7 97.7 106.4 94.1 102.3
104.0 100.3 99.8 104.2 100.2 103.9 95.9 112.5 91.4 104.4
102.8 92.1 101.2 94.4 91.9 102.5 87.0 98.3 76.0 93.3
DURABLE GOODS
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PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS
Table 5-5. Indexes of Multifactor Productivity and Related Measures, Manufacturing Industries, 1985–2001—Continued (1996 = 100.) Industry
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
Fabricated Metal Products Output per hour of all persons ......................... Output per unit of capital ................................ Multifactor productivity .................................... Sector output ................................................... Hours of all persons at work ............................ Capital services ............................................... Energy ............................................................. Non-energy materials ...................................... Purchased business services .......................... Combined units of all inputs ............................
84.6 98.0 94.9 83.3 98.4 85.0 79.8 82.7 79.8 87.8
87.6 95.4 95.7 83.3 95.1 87.3 80.7 82.6 80.3 87.0
91.4 95.5 98.7 85.1 93.1 89.1 89.6 80.7 85.2 86.2
90.3 98.4 99.4 87.7 97.2 89.1 93.3 81.5 89.9 88.3
87.1 95.6 96.6 85.3 97.9 89.2 93.0 80.9 90.7 88.2
87.8 92.5 95.3 83.4 95.0 90.1 92.3 81.4 88.0 87.5
87.5 87.3 93.4 79.1 90.3 90.6 91.2 79.4 83.1 84.7
92.7 91.9 95.1 83.7 90.2 91.1 88.4 85.2 89.5 87.9
94.5 94.7 96.2 86.9 92.0 91.9 92.8 88.7 91.0 90.4
96.6 100.0 99.6 93.5 96.8 93.5 96.1 91.7 94.8 93.9
98.2 100.2 100.3 96.8 98.6 96.6 102.7 94.3 99.2 96.5
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
103.2 103.5 101.3 106.4 103.1 102.8 102.5 106.9 106.9 105.0
106.6 103.9 100.7 110.8 103.9 106.7 106.4 116.1 109.5 110.0
106.3 101.3 99.8 111.5 104.9 110.1 107.3 118.7 106.0 111.7
107.6 101.4 101.1 114.0 106.0 112.5 109.7 119.5 105.6 112.8
106.0 93.6 98.0 105.9 99.9 113.1 102.8 115.1 96.0 108.1
Industrial and Commercial Machinery Output per hour of all persons ......................... Output per unit of capital ................................ Multifactor productivity .................................... Sector output ................................................... Hours of all persons at work ............................ Capital services ............................................... Energy ............................................................. Non-energy materials ...................................... Purchased business services .......................... Combined units of all inputs ............................
49.7 75.6 69.1 50.1 100.9 66.2 86.1 54.4 72.2 72.5
53.1 73.5 71.4 50.4 94.9 68.5 86.9 53.5 74.0 70.5
55.7 75.0 76.2 52.2 93.7 69.7 92.0 50.1 75.2 68.6
60.1 81.9 80.2 59.0 98.2 72.0 94.9 55.9 80.4 73.6
60.9 80.9 80.9 60.5 99.3 74.7 99.2 56.7 80.6 74.8
62.4 79.0 81.7 60.6 97.1 76.7 99.1 57.0 76.1 74.2
62.3 73.3 79.8 57.6 92.4 78.5 97.7 56.3 70.7 72.2
69.1 77.2 84.1 62.3 90.2 80.7 89.9 60.9 73.9 74.1
74.1 81.6 86.3 68.4 92.3 83.8 92.7 68.4 79.8 79.2
81.2 88.2 90.8 77.6 95.5 88.0 99.5 76.5 88.9 85.4
89.6 95.1 95.1 89.0 99.4 93.5 102.8 88.6 95.7 93.6
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
108.5 104.3 106.8 113.0 104.2 108.3 99.9 107.8 100.4 105.8
120.6 105.8 118.0 126.2 104.6 119.3 111.2 108.3 96.7 106.9
132.0 101.6 125.2 132.3 100.2 130.3 117.2 107.9 93.2 105.7
146.4 103.0 137.6 143.4 98.0 139.3 125.6 105.8 90.0 104.2
145.5 90.5 139.5 131.8 90.6 145.6 117.0 92.3 77.4 94.5
Electrical and Electronic Equipment Output per hour of all persons ......................... Output per unit of capital ................................ Multifactor productivity .................................... Sector output ................................................... Hours of all persons at work ............................ Capital services ............................................... Energy ............................................................. Non-energy materials ...................................... Purchased business services .......................... Combined units of all inputs ............................
38.3 67.9 59.8 41.5 108.3 61.1 75.1 46.2 55.7 69.3
40.7 65.9 61.6 42.6 104.6 64.6 77.7 45.8 58.7 69.1
44.4 66.0 65.6 45.2 102.0 68.6 87.5 44.6 62.1 68.9
46.4 68.3 67.6 48.3 104.1 70.7 88.5 47.1 64.5 71.4
47.9 67.8 69.2 49.2 102.8 72.7 90.8 46.4 63.5 71.1
51.0 66.8 70.9 50.0 98.2 74.9 92.1 47.2 60.9 70.6
54.8 66.6 72.7 50.7 92.5 76.1 90.8 48.7 57.9 69.7
61.9 71.8 76.2 55.9 90.4 78.0 89.8 55.9 66.9 73.5
67.0 76.2 79.3 61.5 91.7 80.7 95.2 62.6 70.7 77.5
75.6 84.6 86.6 71.7 94.9 84.7 97.8 68.7 82.1 82.8
88.8 94.3 94.4 86.4 97.4 91.7 102.6 83.8 95.0 91.6
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
113.9 105.6 108.7 115.4 101.3 109.2 107.7 106.9 111.8 106.1
126.3 110.0 112.5 128.9 102.1 117.3 120.8 130.0 112.4 114.6
152.1 122.1 126.4 151.2 99.4 123.8 144.2 139.9 132.1 119.6
184.6 142.0 140.0 187.4 101.5 131.9 178.2 179.6 150.1 133.8
185.0 123.2 146.2 172.8 93.4 140.3 163.7 146.0 114.1 118.2
Transportation Equipment Output per hour of all persons ......................... Output per unit of capital ................................ Multifactor productivity .................................... Sector output ................................................... Hours of all persons at work ............................ Capital services ............................................... Energy ............................................................. Non-energy materials ...................................... Purchased business services .......................... Combined units of all inputs ............................
72.8 95.4 102.3 78.4 107.7 82.2 75.8 63.7 57.1 76.7
75.9 94.6 102.3 81.6 107.5 86.2 78.1 66.9 66.7 79.7
77.9 93.2 103.7 83.2 106.7 89.3 100.8 66.6 71.3 80.3
78.7 95.7 102.8 88.0 111.9 92.0 97.3 71.8 81.3 85.6
78.6 94.1 100.1 88.1 112.1 93.6 95.2 74.1 90.7 88.0
80.4 90.9 99.1 86.4 107.5 95.0 95.7 74.7 91.1 87.2
80.3 84.5 98.0 81.1 101.0 95.9 92.6 70.0 91.3 82.7
87.8 90.3 98.1 86.6 98.6 95.9 95.9 79.1 102.0 88.2
92.9 94.2 100.4 90.5 97.4 96.1 101.2 83.2 100.8 90.1
97.8 100.6 101.8 97.2 99.4 96.6 101.7 91.2 105.5 95.4
98.0 100.8 101.4 98.3 100.3 97.5 104.9 94.0 102.5 96.9
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
106.6 107.1 102.5 111.1 104.3 103.8 103.9 111.6 107.6 108.4
114.7 110.1 105.8 120.2 104.7 109.1 112.6 120.1 108.5 113.6
123.7 115.1 108.1 131.2 106.1 114.0 122.3 131.8 118.5 121.5
119.8 106.7 108.4 123.4 103.0 115.7 114.1 120.9 103.9 113.9
121.4 101.2 109.5 116.5 96.0 115.2 108.5 112.1 93.9 106.4
Instruments Output per hour of all persons ......................... Output per unit of capital ................................ Multifactor productivity .................................... Sector output ................................................... Hours of all persons at work ............................ Capital services ............................................... Energy ............................................................. Non-energy materials ...................................... Purchased business services .......................... Combined units of all inputs ............................
64.6 117.1 90.8 77.4 119.9 66.1 98.6 60.8 80.1 85.3
68.7 116.6 92.1 79.9 116.4 68.5 102.0 65.0 82.3 86.7
73.5 125.5 95.4 84.9 115.5 67.7 96.3 68.4 89.6 89.0
74.0 126.1 99.1 88.3 119.3 70.0 100.1 65.8 89.4 89.0
74.3 117.0 96.6 87.8 118.2 75.0 99.7 68.7 94.8 90.9
77.4 112.0 98.9 89.1 115.2 79.6 104.2 69.3 92.6 90.2
80.6 106.3 98.9 89.3 110.7 84.0 100.6 72.2 92.8 90.3
87.2 104.6 100.0 92.8 106.4 88.7 99.4 78.7 99.8 92.8
88.3 100.9 98.7 92.6 104.9 91.8 100.5 80.6 104.5 93.8
91.5 99.1 99.5 92.5 101.1 93.4 99.2 82.4 103.7 93.0
95.3 98.9 98.9 94.7 99.3 95.7 104.5 89.7 104.3 95.7
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
99.2 96.7 98.8 102.1 103.0 105.6 98.6 104.9 99.1 103.4
103.0 94.5 102.6 105.2 102.1 111.4 100.9 104.3 95.3 102.6
108.3 91.2 105.6 108.6 100.2 119.0 104.3 106.1 95.4 102.8
116.1 90.8 112.4 114.1 98.3 125.6 109.5 104.7 94.8 101.5
113.3 84.3 111.4 110.0 97.1 130.5 107.3 101.3 86.5 98.8
Miscellaneous Manufacturing Output per hour of all persons ......................... Output per unit of capital ................................ Multifactor productivity .................................... Sector output ................................................... Hours of all persons at work ............................ Capital services ............................................... Energy ............................................................. Non-energy materials ...................................... Purchased business services .......................... Combined units of all inputs ............................
84.2 87.0 98.8 77.0 91.4 88.5 67.8 65.7 72.8 77.9
85.5 89.9 97.9 79.7 93.2 88.6 73.4 69.6 83.2 81.4
89.4 91.9 100.0 83.5 93.4 90.9 90.1 71.0 92.1 83.6
90.4 96.9 103.3 88.9 98.4 91.7 91.9 72.3 95.3 86.0
87.7 93.6 101.8 87.0 99.2 93.0 94.4 71.1 91.1 85.5
90.9 93.8 100.9 87.6 96.4 93.4 95.6 75.9 90.3 86.9
90.0 91.2 97.2 84.6 94.0 92.7 93.3 79.1 86.0 87.0
90.6 92.3 95.0 87.6 96.7 94.9 84.7 87.5 92.5 92.2
92.0 95.6 95.4 92.4 100.5 96.7 95.6 94.0 97.6 96.9
91.1 96.2 96.7 94.4 103.6 98.1 96.2 93.4 95.4 97.6
97.5 98.5 99.7 97.1 99.6 98.6 107.9 94.7 97.9 97.4
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
96.9 100.2 100.2 102.1 105.3 101.9 83.8 100.0 100.4 101.9
99.9 99.9 99.6 103.9 104.0 104.0 84.7 107.2 98.3 104.3
104.8 100.1 102.7 106.9 102.0 106.8 87.3 108.2 93.7 104.1
112.5 102.4 109.2 111.4 99.0 108.8 90.4 105.2 90.6 102.0
108.9 95.7 105.9 104.7 96.1 109.4 85.8 101.0 84.0 98.8
PART SIX COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES
COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES HIGHLIGHTS This part discusses the Employment Cost Index (ECI), which covers changes in wages and salaries and benefits, Employer Costs for Employee Compensation (ECEC), employee participation in various benefit plans, and mean hourly earnings from the National Compensation Survey (NCS).
State and Local Government Wages, Salaries, and Benefits, Percent Change, 1994-2004
8.0
8.0
7.0
7.0
6.0
6.0
5.0
5.0
Percent
Percent
Private Industry Wages, Salaries, and Benefits, Percent Change, 1994-2004
4.0
4.0
3.0
3.0
2.0
2.0
1.0
1.0
0.0
0.0 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Year Wages and salaries
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Year
Benefits
Wages and salaries
Benefits
In 2004, as in past years, increases in benefits in both the private and public sectors greatly exceeded increases in wages and salaries. In private industry, wages and salaries rose only 2.4 percent, the smallest gain in at least 14 years. However, benefits increased at a rate of 6.9 percent. Likewise, in government, benefits climbed 6.7 percent, while wages and salaries only rose 2.1 percent. (Tables 6-1, 6-2, and 6-3) OTHER HIGHLIGHTS: • Although wages for most industries grew more slowly in 2004, health services, educational services, and transportation and public utilities saw substantially higher pay increases in 2004 than in 2003. (Table 6-1) • In 2003, banking and other credit agencies experienced the highest wage increase (14.3 percent) of any industry. However, in 2004, this sector experienced one of the lowest wage increases, rising at a rate of only 0.5 percent. No industry had wage increases of more than 3.7 percent in 2004. (Table 6-1) • A survey of dollar costs per hour between March 2003 and March 2005 shows that wages, as a percent of total compensation, have dropped from 67.7 percent to 65.5 percent in goods-producing industries, from 73.7 percent to 72.6 percent in service-providing industries, and from 70.0 percent to 68.3 percent in state and local governments. (Tables 6-5 and 6-7 in the seventh and ninth editions of the Handbook).
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NOTES AND DEFINITIONS The National Compensation Survey (NCS) provides data for the Employment Cost Index (ECI), Employer Costs for Employee Compensation (ECEC), employee benefits, and occupational wages for 400 occupations and local areas.
within these series each quarter based on the current sample. Therefore, these indexes are not strictly comparable to those for the aggregate, industry, and occupation series.
EMPLOYMENT COST INDEX
Total compensation costs include wages, salaries, and the employer costs for employee benefits.
Concepts and Definitions
Collection and Coverage The ECI is a quarterly measure of the rate of change in compensation per hour worked and includes wages, salaries, and the employer costs of employee benefits. It uses a fixed market basket of labor—similar in concept to the Consumer Price Index’s fixed market basket of goods and services—to measure change over time in employer costs of employing labor. Statistical series on total compensation costs, on wages and salaries, and on benefit costs are available for private nonfarm workers, excluding proprietors, the selfemployed, and household workers. The total compensation costs and wages and salaries series are also available for state and local government workers and for the civilian nonfarm economy, which consists of private industry and state and local government workers combined. Federal workers are excluded. The ECI probability sample consists of about 9,800 private nonfarm establishments (providing about 44,000 occupational observations) and 1,000 state and local government establishments (providing 6,000 occupational observations) selected to represent total employment in each sector. On average, each reporting unit provides wage and compensation information on five well-specified occupations. The occupations are defined narrowly enough to ensure that all workers in the job carry out the same task at roughly the same level of skill. Data are collected each quarter for the pay period including the 12th days of March, June, September, and December. From June 1986 to March 1995, fixed employment weights from the 1980 Census of Population were used each quarter to calculate the civilian and private indexes and the index for state and local governments. In March 1995, 1990 employment counts were introduced. Prior to June 1986, the employment weights come from the 1970 Census of Population. These fixed weights, also used to derive all of the industry and occupation series indexes, ensure that changes in these indexes reflect only changes in compensation— not employment shifts among industries or occupations with different levels of wages and compensation. However, for the bargaining status, region, and metropolitan/nonmetropolitan area series, employment data by industry and occupation are not available from the census. Instead, the 1980 employment weights are reallocated
Wages and salaries consist of earnings before payroll deductions, including production bonuses, incentive earnings, commissions, and cost-of-living adjustments. Benefits include the cost to employers for paid leave, supplemental pay (including nonproduction bonuses), insurance, retirement and savings plans, and legally required benefits (such as Social Security, workers’ compensation, and unemployment insurance). Excluded from wages and salaries and employee benefit costs are items such as payment-in-kind, free room and board, and tips. Bonuses. In June 2000, the BLS expanded the definition of nonproduction bonuses in the ECI to better represent the compensation packages offered to employees. In addition to the traditional types of nonproduction bonuses, such as attendance bonuses and lump sum payments, the ECI will include hiring and referral bonuses. Hiring bonuses are payments made by the employer to induce an individual to accept employment; referral bonuses are made by the employer to an employee for recommending an applicant who is hired by the establishment. As part of its ongoing research program, the BLS is currently conducting research on stock option plans. This research will be completed in stages. BLS has begun testing the incidence of stock option plans across all industries and occupations. The prevalence of these plans, based on test results and the potential impact on compensation costs, will determine the next stage of research. The results of the pilot incidence survey were published in October 2000. Costs per hours worked. The ECEC components are based on data from the ECI. Beginning with the March 2004 estimates, industry estimates are based on NAICS 2002 and the occupational categories are classified according to the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. These systems replace the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification System (SIC) and the Occupational Classification System (OCS). Current employment weights are used to calculate cost levels. The March 2004 cost levels were calculated using the March 2004 employment counts from the Bureau of
COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES
Labor Statistics, Current Employment Statistics (CES) program, benchmarked to the 2003 universe of all private nonfarm establishments. Sources of Additional Information Additional information on ECI methodology and data is available in BLS news releases. The quarterly publication, Compensation and Working Conditions, contains articles on all aspects of the NCS and is available on the BLS Web site. For more information about ECEC see BLS news release USDL 05-1767. Additional occupation data from the NCS is on the BLS Web site, summary report 05-02 and Bulletin 2568.
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Table 6-1. Employment Cost Index, Private Industry Workers 1, Total Compensation and Wages and Salaries by Occupation and Industry, 1990–2004 (June 1989 = 100, not seasonally adjusted.) Total compensation
Wages and salaries
Indexes
Indexes
Series and year March
June
Percent change for 12 months September December ended December
March
June
Percent change for 12 months September December ended December
WORKERS BY INDUSTRY, TOTAL Private Industry Workers 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
103.9 108.5 113.1 117.1 121.0
105.2 109.8 113.9 118.0 122.0
106.2 111.0 114.8 119.1 123.0
107.0 111.7 115.6 119.8 123.5
4.6 4.4 3.5 3.6 3.1
103.2 107.3 110.9 113.9 117.2
104.5 108.4 111.6 114.6 118.1
105.4 109.3 112.2 115.7 119.1
106.1 110.0 112.9 116.4 119.7
4.0 3.7 2.6 3.1 2.8
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
124.5 127.9 131.7 136.3 140.4
125.4 129.0 132.8 137.5 142.0
126.2 129.8 133.9 139.0 143.3
126.7 130.6 135.1 139.8 144.6
2.6 3.1 3.4 3.5 3.4
120.6 124.4 128.6 133.7 138.1
121.5 125.6 129.7 134.9 139.7
122.4 126.5 131.0 136.6 141.0
123.1 127.3 132.3 137.4 142.2
2.8 3.4 3.9 3.9 3.5
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
146.8 153.0 158.9 165.0 171.4
148.5 154.5 160.7 166.4 173.0
149.9 155.9 161.6 168.1 174.4
150.9 157.2 162.3 168.8 175.2
4.4 4.2 3.2 4.0 3.8
143.9 149.4 154.7 159.3 163.4
145.4 150.9 156.3 160.4 164.5
146.8 152.1 157.0 161.7 165.9
147.7 153.3 157.5 162.3 166.2
3.9 3.8 2.7 3.0 2.4
Private Industry Workers, Excluding Sales Occupations 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
103.9 108.6 113.3 117.5 121.4
105.1 109.8 114.1 118.5 122.3
106.3 111.1 115.1 119.5 123.4
107.1 112.0 115.9 120.2 123.9
4.9 4.6 3.5 3.7 3.1
103.2 107.4 111.1 114.2 117.5
104.4 108.4 111.8 115.0 118.3
105.4 109.4 112.5 115.9 119.4
106.2 110.2 113.2 116.6 120.0
4.2 3.8 2.7 3.0 2.9
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
125.0 128.3 131.9 136.4 140.5
125.7 129.2 133.0 137.5 141.9
126.5 130.2 134.1 138.8 143.2
127.1 130.8 135.2 139.4 144.5
2.6 2.9 3.4 3.1 3.7
121.0 124.7 128.6 133.7 138.2
121.8 125.7 129.9 134.8 139.6
122.6 126.8 131.2 136.3 140.8
123.4 127.5 132.4 136.9 142.0
2.8 3.3 3.8 3.4 3.7
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
146.5 153.0 159.0 165.1 171.6
148.2 154.4 160.5 166.6 173.2
149.8 156.0 161.6 168.1 174.6
150.9 157.2 162.4 169.0 175.6
4.4 4.2 3.3 4.1 3.9
143.5 149.5 154.9 159.4 163.5
145.1 150.8 156.1 160.5 164.5
146.5 152.2 157.0 161.7 165.8
147.6 153.3 157.5 162.4 166.5
3.9 3.9 2.7 3.1 2.5
White-Collar Occupations 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
104.1 109.0 113.4 117.4 121.5
105.5 110.3 114.2 118.3 122.5
106.7 111.4 115.1 119.4 123.5
107.4 112.2 115.9 120.2 124.1
4.9 4.5 3.3 3.7 3.2
103.6 107.9 111.7 114.7 118.3
104.9 109.1 112.3 115.5 119.3
106.0 110.1 112.9 116.7 120.2
106.6 110.7 113.7 117.5 120.8
4.1 3.8 2.7 3.3 2.8
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
125.3 129.0 133.1 138.1 142.4
126.2 130.0 134.1 139.4 144.1
127.0 131.1 135.2 141.1 145.6
127.6 131.7 136.7 142.0 146.9
2.8 3.2 3.8 3.9 3.5
121.7 125.8 130.2 135.7 140.3
122.7 127.0 131.3 137.0 142.1
123.6 128.0 132.7 139.0 143.5
124.3 128.7 134.2 139.9 144.8
2.9 3.5 4.3 4.2 3.5
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
149.3 155.7 161.9 168.1 174.2
151.1 157.4 163.8 169.4 175.7
152.6 158.7 164.6 171.2 177.3
153.6 160.1 165.2 172.0 178.1
4.6 4.2 3.2 4.1 3.5
146.6 152.3 157.7 162.6 167.1
148.3 153.8 159.4 163.8 168.2
149.7 154.8 160.0 165.3 169.7
150.6 156.1 160.4 165.9 170.0
4.0 3.7 2.8 3.4 2.5
White-Collar Occupations, Excluding Sales Occupations 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
104.2 109.2 113.8 118.3 122.4
105.4 110.4 114.6 119.2 123.3
106.9 111.8 115.8 120.2 124.4
107.7 112.7 116.6 121.0 125.1
5.4 4.6 3.5 3.8 3.4
103.7 108.2 112.1 115.7 119.0
104.8 109.2 112.8 116.4 119.9
106.2 110.5 113.7 117.4 121.0
106.9 111.3 114.4 118.2 121.7
4.7 4.1 2.8 3.3 3.0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
126.3 129.9 133.7 138.8 143.0
127.0 130.7 134.8 139.9 144.5
127.8 132.0 135.9 141.3 146.0
128.6 132.5 137.4 141.9 147.3
2.8 3.0 3.7 3.3 3.8
122.8 126.7 130.8 136.3 141.0
123.4 127.6 132.0 137.5 142.5
124.3 129.0 133.4 139.1 143.9
125.2 129.4 134.8 139.7 145.2
2.9 3.4 4.2 3.6 3.9
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
149.4 156.5 162.8 169.1 175.3
151.3 158.1 164.3 170.4 176.7
152.9 159.6 165.3 172.1 178.3
154.1 160.9 165.9 173.0 179.5
4.6 4.4 3.1 4.3 3.8
146.7 153.0 158.6 163.6 168.1
148.5 154.4 160.0 164.8 169.2
149.9 155.7 160.8 166.2 170.6
151.1 156.9 161.3 167.0 171.4
4.1 3.8 2.8 3.5 2.6
WORKERS BY OCCUPATIONAL GROUP
1Excludes
farm and household workers.
COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES
323
Table 6-1. Employment Cost Index, Private Industry Workers 1, Total Compensation and Wages and Salaries by Occupation and Industry, 1990–2004—Continued (June 1989 = 100, not seasonally adjusted.) Total compensation
Wages and salaries
Indexes
Indexes
Series and year March
June
Percent change for 12 months September December ended December
March
June
Percent change for 12 months September December ended December
Professional Specialty and Technical Occupations 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
104.9 110.1 115.3 120.4 124.6
105.8 111.1 116.4 121.3 125.3
107.5 112.8 118.0 122.2 126.3
108.7 113.9 119.0 122.9 126.8
5.6 4.8 4.5 3.3 3.2
104.1 108.6 113.0 117.1 120.4
104.8 109.5 114.0 117.9 121.3
106.5 111.1 115.3 118.9 122.2
107.5 112.0 116.0 119.5 123.0
4.9 4.2 3.6 3.0 2.9
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
127.7 131.6 134.6 138.8 142.9
128.4 132.6 135.9 140.1 144.1
129.3 133.3 136.7 141.6 145.2
129.9 133.7 137.8 142.6 146.7
2.4 2.9 3.1 3.5 2.9
123.7 127.8 131.0 135.9 140.7
124.4 128.8 132.4 137.1 141.8
125.3 129.6 133.7 138.7 142.6
126.1 129.9 134.8 139.7 144.1
2.5 3.0 3.8 3.6 3.1
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
148.4 156.3 161.5 166.5 173.4
150.7 157.5 162.5 167.7 174.7
152.2 159.2 163.6 169.4 176.8
153.7 160.3 164.4 170.5 178.1
4.8 4.3 2.6 3.7 4.5
145.1 152.1 156.7 159.5 164.7
147.3 153.2 157.4 160.5 165.5
148.6 154.8 158.2 162.1 167.6
150.2 155.9 158.5 163.0 168.0
4.2 3.8 1.7 2.8 3.1
Executive, Administrative, and Managerial Occupations 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
103.7 108.9 112.7 116.5 120.3
105.3 110.3 113.1 117.2 121.3
106.6 111.5 113.9 118.1 122.6
107.2 112.3 114.5 118.9 123.3
5.6 4.8 2.0 3.8 3.7
103.3 108.2 111.6 114.7 117.8
104.9 109.4 112.0 115.3 118.8
106.2 110.6 112.5 116.2 120.0
106.9 111.4 113.2 117.0 120.5
5.3 4.2 1.6 3.4 3.0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
124.9 128.0 133.0 139.4 143.7
125.4 128.8 133.9 140.0 145.8
126.2 130.9 135.2 141.9 147.7
126.9 131.3 137.4 141.8 149.1
2.9 3.5 4.6 3.2 5.1
121.9 125.9 131.0 137.8 141.9
122.5 126.8 132.1 138.7 144.3
123.4 128.9 133.6 140.9 146.4
124.4 129.3 135.8 140.5 147.6
3.2 3.9 5.0 3.5 5.1
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
151.1 157.3 164.4 172.1 176.8
152.7 159.4 166.6 173.1 178.1
154.4 160.2 167.0 175.0 179.2
155.3 161.8 167.2 175.9 180.2
4.2 4.2 3.3 5.2 2.4
149.2 154.7 161.3 169.1 172.7
150.7 156.5 163.6 170.3 173.9
152.3 157.2 164.3 171.8 174.9
153.0 158.6 164.5 172.5 175.7
3.7 3.7 3.7 4.9 1.9
Sales Occupations 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
103.6 108.0 111.6 112.9 117.2
105.6 109.8 112.2 113.8 118.8
105.9 109.8 111.8 115.6 119.2
106.0 109.6 112.6 116.5 119.6
2.6 3.4 2.7 3.5 2.7
103.3 106.8 109.7 110.5 114.8
105.3 108.5 110.1 111.6 116.2
105.4 108.2 109.7 113.8 116.5
105.2 107.9 110.7 114.7 116.7
1.4 2.6 2.6 3.6 1.7
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
120.2 124.8 130.1 135.3 139.6
122.4 126.9 130.7 137.3 142.6
123.2 126.7 132.2 140.4 144.1
123.2 128.1 133.5 142.6 145.3
3.0 4.0 4.2 6.8 1.9
116.9 122.0 127.8 133.1 137.3
119.3 124.4 128.3 135.2 140.5
120.5 123.9 129.8 138.8 142.1
120.4 125.9 131.4 141.3 143.3
3.2 4.6 4.4 7.5 1.4
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
148.9 152.3 157.7 163.5 169.2
150.3 154.5 161.6 165.1 171.2
151.2 155.0 161.6 167.2 173.1
151.4 156.7 161.9 167.1 171.4
4.2 3.5 3.3 3.2 2.6
146.7 149.2 153.6 158.1 162.6
147.9 151.5 157.0 159.3 163.9
149.0 151.2 156.9 161.6 165.9
148.7 152.6 156.8 161.1 164.0
3.8 2.6 2.8 2.7 1.8
Administrative Support Occupations, Including Clerical Occupations 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
104.2 108.6 113.6 118.1 122.5
105.3 109.9 114.4 119.2 123.5
106.4 111.0 115.5 120.3 124.5
107.3 111.9 116.4 121.2 125.1
4.9 4.3 4.0 4.1 3.2
103.6 107.6 111.6 115.2 119.0
104.7 108.6 112.4 116.1 119.9
105.7 109.6 113.2 117.1 120.9
106.4 110.4 114.0 118.0 121.6
4.1 3.8 3.3 3.5 3.1
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
126.5 130.1 133.7 138.2 142.6
127.3 130.8 134.7 139.6 143.7
128.1 132.0 135.9 140.6 145.0
129.0 132.5 137.0 141.4 146.2
3.1 2.7 3.4 3.2 3.4
122.9 126.5 130.6 135.3 140.4
123.5 127.3 131.7 136.7 141.4
124.3 128.5 132.9 137.9 142.7
125.3 129.2 133.9 138.9 143.8
3.0 3.1 3.6 3.7 3.5
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
149.0 156.1 162.8 169.0 176.1
150.6 157.7 164.2 170.9 178.1
152.3 159.5 165.6 172.3 179.4
153.4 160.8 166.7 173.1 180.7
4.9 4.8 3.7 3.8 4.4
146.0 152.3 158.2 162.6 167.2
147.5 153.6 159.2 164.0 168.6
149.1 155.3 160.3 165.1 169.7
150.1 156.5 161.3 165.7 170.8
4.4 4.3 3.1 2.7 3.1
1Excludes
farm and household workers.
324
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 6-1. Employment Cost Index, Private Industry Workers 1, Total Compensation and Wages and Salaries by Occupation and Industry, 1990–2004—Continued (June 1989 = 100, not seasonally adjusted.) Total compensation
Wages and salaries
Indexes
Indexes
Series and year March
June
Percent change for 12 months September December ended December
March
June
Percent change for 12 months September December ended December
Blue-Collar Occupations 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
103.5 107.9 112.5 116.6 120.3
104.7 109.0 113.4 117.7 121.2
105.6 110.2 114.3 118.7 122.3
106.4 111.0 115.0 119.3 122.6
4.4 4.3 3.6 3.7 2.8
102.7 106.4 109.7 112.5 115.6
103.8 107.3 110.4 113.2 116.5
104.6 108.0 111.1 114.1 117.5
105.2 108.8 111.6 114.8 118.0
3.5 3.4 2.6 2.9 2.8
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
123.5 126.6 129.6 133.1 136.9
124.4 127.6 130.8 134.3 138.2
125.1 128.1 131.7 135.2 139.4
125.6 129.0 132.3 135.9 140.5
2.4 2.7 2.6 2.7 3.3
119.0 122.5 126.0 130.2 134.3
120.1 123.7 127.3 131.3 135.6
120.8 124.3 128.3 132.4 136.8
121.4 125.1 129.1 133.2 137.7
2.9 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.4
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
142.6 148.2 153.6 159.7 166.9
144.1 149.3 155.1 161.4 168.8
145.5 151.0 156.3 162.8 170.1
146.4 151.9 157.3 163.6 170.8
4.2 3.8 3.6 4.0 4.4
139.1 144.6 149.6 153.6 157.2
140.5 145.9 150.9 154.6 158.3
141.9 147.5 151.7 155.6 159.5
142.8 148.3 152.4 156.1 159.9
3.7 3.9 2.8 2.4 2.4
Precision Production, Craft, and Repair Occupations 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
103.4 108.0 112.2 116.6 120.2
104.7 109.2 113.1 117.6 121.2
105.6 110.5 114.3 118.7 122.5
106.2 111.0 115.0 118.9 122.5
4.1 4.5 3.6 3.4 3.0
102.5 106.3 109.3 112.4 115.5
103.6 107.0 110.1 113.2 116.5
104.4 107.8 111.0 114.2 117.8
104.9 108.4 111.5 114.7 117.9
3.2 3.3 2.9 2.9 2.8
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
123.4 126.5 129.6 132.9 137.2
124.4 127.7 130.9 134.4 138.4
125.4 128.2 131.7 135.4 139.6
125.7 129.1 131.9 136.1 140.6
2.6 2.7 2.2 3.2 3.3
118.8 122.4 125.8 129.8 134.3
119.9 123.7 127.4 131.2 135.6
121.0 124.2 128.2 132.3 136.7
121.4 125.1 128.7 133.0 137.5
3.0 3.0 2.9 3.3 3.4
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
142.3 148.7 153.7 160.0 167.1
144.1 149.7 155.7 162.0 169.1
145.8 151.8 156.9 163.1 170.2
146.7 152.5 157.8 164.2 171.2
4.3 4.0 3.5 4.1 4.3
138.9 144.6 149.2 153.4 157.1
140.6 145.7 151.0 154.7 158.3
142.0 147.7 151.8 155.5 159.3
142.8 148.4 152.3 156.2 159.7
3.9 3.9 2.6 2.6 2.2
Machine Operators, Assemblers, and Inspectors 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
103.7 108.3 113.9 117.8 121.3
105.0 109.4 114.6 119.0 122.2
105.9 110.5 115.0 120.0 122.9
106.9 111.6 115.8 120.8 123.4
5.0 4.4 3.8 4.3 2.2
103.0 107.1 110.9 113.2 116.2
104.2 108.0 111.6 113.8 117.2
104.9 108.7 111.7 114.7 118.0
105.8 109.8 112.4 115.6 118.8
4.1 3.8 2.4 2.8 2.8
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
124.2 127.1 130.0 133.6 137.3
124.8 128.1 131.2 134.7 138.4
125.1 128.7 132.2 135.7 139.9
126.2 129.5 133.0 136.8 141.4
2.3 2.6 2.7 2.9 3.4
119.6 123.4 127.2 131.6 135.7
120.9 124.5 128.5 132.7 136.7
121.4 125.4 129.5 133.8 138.3
122.3 126.4 130.6 134.9 139.5
2.9 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.4
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
144.0 148.3 153.6 159.9 168.7
145.0 149.1 154.7 161.1 170.5
146.0 150.4 155.4 162.6 172.2
146.8 151.5 156.7 163.2 172.5
3.8 3.2 3.4 4.1 5.7
140.7 145.6 150.5 154.7 158.6
141.6 146.9 151.6 155.3 159.8
142.9 148.1 152.0 156.8 161.6
143.7 149.0 153.2 156.9 161.6
3.0 3.7 2.8 2.4 3.0
Transportation and Material Moving Occupations 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
103.1 106.3 110.4 113.9 118.5
104.3 107.6 111.4 115.2 119.1
104.9 108.3 112.5 115.9 120.3
105.5 109.0 113.0 117.0 120.6
4.0 3.3 3.7 3.5 3.1
102.0 104.5 107.4 110.0 113.5
103.1 105.6 108.3 111.2 114.0
103.6 106.1 109.3 111.7 115.2
104.1 106.7 109.7 112.6 115.6
2.9 2.5 2.8 2.6 2.7
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
121.8 123.9 126.1 129.3 131.6
122.4 124.7 126.8 129.9 133.6
122.9 124.9 128.0 130.7 134.4
123.0 125.2 128.9 130.7 135.2
2.0 1.8 3.0 1.4 3.4
117.0 120.0 122.3 125.9 129.1
117.8 120.6 123.0 126.4 131.0
118.5 121.0 124.1 127.6 131.9
118.6 121.1 125.1 127.8 132.7
2.6 2.1 3.3 2.2 3.8
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
137.5 142.6 148.7 153.2 158.5
138.6 143.9 149.6 155.1 160.6
139.9 145.6 151.0 156.7 161.8
141.1 146.3 151.8 156.9 162.3
4.4 3.7 3.8 3.4 3.4
134.1 139.5 144.8 147.8 150.4
135.2 140.7 145.2 149.0 151.8
136.5 142.1 146.3 149.8 152.9
137.6 142.8 146.9 149.8 153.3
3.7 3.8 2.9 2.0 2.3
1Excludes
farm and household workers.
COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES
325
Table 6-1. Employment Cost Index, Private Industry Workers 1, Total Compensation and Wages and Salaries by Occupation and Industry, 1990–2004—Continued (June 1989 = 100, not seasonally adjusted.) Total compensation
Wages and salaries
Indexes
Indexes
Series and year March
June
Percent change for 12 months September December ended December
March
June
Percent change for 12 months September December ended December
Handlers, Equipment Cleaners, Helpers, and Laborers 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
103.6 108.1 112.6 116.8 120.2
104.7 109.3 113.4 117.6 121.4
105.7 110.4 114.6 118.4 122.7
106.7 111.4 115.3 119.1 122.9
4.4 4.4 3.5 3.3 3.2
103.0 107.3 110.6 113.6 116.6
104.4 108.5 111.3 114.3 117.3
105.3 109.2 112.1 114.9 117.9
106.2 109.9 112.6 115.7 118.9
4.1 3.5 2.5 2.8 2.8
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
124.1 128.5 132.8 137.0 141.0
125.3 129.3 133.4 137.6 142.3
125.9 130.0 134.2 138.5 143.2
126.8 131.3 135.8 139.2 144.4
3.2 3.5 3.4 2.5 3.7
120.1 124.2 128.4 133.2 137.3
121.2 125.1 129.3 133.7 138.3
121.5 125.8 130.2 135.1 139.4
122.6 127.1 131.8 135.8 140.4
3.1 3.7 3.7 3.0 3.4
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
146.4 152.2 158.7 164.9 171.7
148.1 153.4 159.9 166.8 173.2
149.4 154.9 161.4 168.6 174.3
150.4 156.5 162.9 169.5 175.3
4.2 4.1 4.1 4.1 3.4
141.8 148.0 154.2 158.4 161.8
143.6 149.8 155.1 159.0 162.7
145.0 151.0 156.0 159.9 163.6
146.2 152.4 157.2 160.6 164.5
4.1 4.2 3.1 2.2 2.4
Service Occupations 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
103.9 108.3 113.5 117.2 120.6
104.9 109.9 114.2 118.0 121.0
105.7 111.5 115.4 118.9 121.8
107.3 112.4 115.9 119.5 122.9
4.7 4.8 3.1 3.1 2.8
103.1 106.9 111.2 113.5 116.3
104.2 108.3 111.6 114.1 116.8
104.9 109.8 112.5 114.9 117.6
106.4 110.6 112.9 115.3 118.8
4.0 3.9 2.1 2.1 3.0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
123.4 125.8 129.8 135.3 139.5
124.0 126.5 130.9 136.0 140.6
124.7 127.4 133.1 137.3 141.0
125.2 128.9 134.1 138.0 142.6
1.9 3.0 4.0 2.9 3.3
119.4 122.2 126.6 132.1 136.7
120.0 123.0 127.6 133.0 137.8
120.8 124.1 129.9 134.4 138.0
121.4 125.7 131.1 135.3 139.6
2.2 3.5 4.3 3.2 3.2
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
143.9 150.0 156.4 161.7 166.9
145.4 151.3 157.4 162.6 168.2
146.6 152.6 159.0 163.8 168.9
148.1 154.8 159.8 164.9 169.7
3.9 4.5 3.2 3.2 2.9
141.0 146.4 152.0 155.5 158.4
142.5 147.5 152.8 156.1 159.3
143.5 148.7 153.9 157.1 159.8
144.9 150.6 154.5 157.8 160.6
3.8 3.9 2.6 2.1 1.8
Production and Nonsupervisory Occupations 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
103.8 108.4 113.0 116.9 120.7
105.1 109.6 113.8 117.9 121.6
106.0 110.8 114.8 119.0 122.6
106.9 111.5 115.5 119.7 123.1
4.4 4.3 3.6 3.6 2.8
103.2 107.0 110.6 113.4 116.6
104.3 108.1 111.3 114.2 117.5
105.2 109.0 112.0 115.3 118.5
105.9 109.6 112.6 115.9 119.1
3.6 3.5 2.7 2.9 2.8
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
124.1 127.5 131.1 135.3 139.3
125.0 128.6 132.1 136.6 140.8
125.8 129.2 133.2 138.0 141.9
126.3 130.0 134.2 139.0 143.1
2.6 2.9 3.2 3.6 2.9
119.9 123.7 127.7 132.3 136.8
121.0 124.9 128.8 133.6 138.2
121.8 125.6 130.1 135.2 139.3
122.4 126.5 131.2 136.4 140.4
2.8 3.3 3.7 4.0 2.9
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
145.3 151.4 157.1 162.6 169.3
146.9 152.7 158.7 164.1 171.0
148.4 154.3 159.7 165.7 172.4
149.5 155.5 160.5 166.6 173.0
4.5 4.0 3.2 3.8 3.8
142.1 147.7 152.7 156.4 160.7
143.7 149.0 154.0 157.4 161.7
145.0 150.3 154.7 158.8 163.1
146.0 151.5 155.2 159.4 163.4
4.0 3.8 2.4 2.7 2.5
Goods-Producing Industries 2 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
103.9 108.5 113.5 118.0 121.8
105.2 109.8 114.3 119.1 123.0
106.2 111.0 115.3 119.9 123.9
107.0 111.9 116.1 120.6 124.3
4.8 4.6 3.8 3.9 3.1
103.1 107.0 110.7 113.8 116.9
104.2 108.0 111.4 114.5 118.0
105.1 108.7 112.1 115.3 118.9
105.8 109.7 112.8 116.1 119.6
3.7 3.7 2.8 2.9 3.0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
125.3 128.2 131.4 135.1 138.9
125.9 129.3 132.7 136.2 139.9
126.5 130.1 133.6 137.1 141.1
127.3 130.9 134.1 137.8 142.5
2.4 2.8 2.4 2.8 3.4
120.4 123.9 127.5 132.0 136.3
121.4 125.1 128.9 133.2 137.3
122.1 126.1 129.9 134.3 138.5
122.9 126.8 130.6 135.2 139.7
2.8 3.2 3.0 3.5 3.3
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
144.8 150.7 156.2 163.0 170.3
146.6 152.1 157.6 164.5 171.8
147.9 153.1 158.6 165.7 173.3
148.8 154.4 160.1 166.5 174.3
4.4 3.8 3.7 4.0 4.7
141.3 147.0 151.7 156.3 159.9
143.0 148.6 153.1 157.4 160.9
144.3 149.5 153.9 158.3 162.3
145.2 150.5 155.0 158.7 162.4
3.9 3.7 3.0 2.4 2.3
WORKERS BY INDUSTRY DIVISION
1Excludes farm and household 2Includes mining, construction,
workers. and manufacturing.
326
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 6-1. Employment Cost Index, Private Industry Workers 1, Total Compensation and Wages and Salaries by Occupation and Industry, 1990–2004—Continued (June 1989 = 100, not seasonally adjusted.) Total compensation
Wages and salaries
Indexes
Indexes
Series and year March
June
Percent change for 12 months September December ended December
March
June
Percent change for 12 months September December ended December
Goods-Producing Industries, Excluding Sales Occupations 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
103.9 108.4 113.4 117.8 121.4
105.1 109.8 114.1 118.8 122.5
106.1 110.9 115.2 119.6 123.5
107.0 111.8 115.9 120.1 124.0
4.7 4.5 3.7 3.6 3.2
103.0 106.9 110.5 113.5 116.4
104.2 107.9 111.2 114.2 117.4
105.0 108.7 112.0 114.9 118.4
105.7 109.7 112.6 115.6 119.1
3.6 3.8 2.6 2.7 3.0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
124.9 128.0 131.1 134.5 138.3
125.6 129.0 132.3 135.6 139.3
126.1 129.8 133.1 136.5 140.5
127.0 130.5 133.6 137.2 141.8
2.4 2.8 2.4 2.7 3.3
119.9 123.5 127.0 131.3 135.5
120.9 124.6 128.3 132.5 136.6
121.6 125.7 129.3 133.6 137.8
122.4 126.3 130.0 134.4 138.9
2.8 3.2 2.9 3.4 3.3
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
144.2 150.1 155.5 162.4 169.8
145.9 151.5 156.9 163.8 171.2
147.2 152.5 157.9 165.0 172.5
148.2 153.7 159.2 165.9 173.7
4.5 3.7 3.6 4.2 4.7
140.5 146.3 150.9 155.4 159.2
142.1 147.8 152.2 156.5 160.2
143.4 148.7 153.0 157.4 161.2
144.6 149.7 154.0 158.0 161.6
4.1 3.5 2.9 2.6 2.3
Goods-Producing Industries, White-Collar Occupations 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
104.1 108.8 113.6 118.6 123.0
105.3 110.1 114.5 119.6 124.3
106.7 111.2 115.5 120.5 125.1
107.4 112.3 116.7 121.1 125.9
5.4 4.6 3.9 3.8 4.0
103.5 107.4 111.7 115.4 119.1
104.6 108.5 112.5 116.4 120.3
105.7 109.5 113.2 117.3 121.1
106.3 110.4 114.2 118.2 122.0
4.3 3.9 3.4 3.5 3.2
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
127.2 130.0 133.5 137.7 141.7
127.6 131.0 134.8 138.8 142.7
128.1 132.2 135.6 139.7 143.9
129.0 132.9 136.2 140.2 145.5
2.5 3.0 2.5 2.9 3.7
123.0 126.2 130.0 135.0 139.4
123.8 127.3 131.4 136.3 140.5
124.4 128.6 132.3 137.4 141.7
125.3 129.1 132.9 138.2 143.0
2.7 3.0 2.9 4.0 3.5
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
148.1 154.5 160.1 167.8 173.5
150.1 156.5 161.9 169.2 174.7
151.3 156.8 162.9 170.1 176.4
151.9 158.1 164.3 170.5 177.8
4.4 4.1 3.9 3.8 4.3
145.0 150.5 155.0 160.0 163.2
146.8 152.3 156.6 161.4 164.5
147.9 152.6 157.5 161.9 166.0
148.7 153.6 158.6 162.1 165.9
4.0 3.3 3.3 2.2 2.3
Goods-Producing Industries, White-Collar Occupations, Excluding Sales Occupations 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
103.9 108.5 113.2 118.1 121.9
105.2 110.0 113.9 119.0 123.2
106.4 111.1 115.1 119.7 124.1
107.1 112.2 116.2 119.9 125.0
5.0 4.8 3.6 3.2 4.3
103.3 107.2 111.3 114.9 117.7
104.4 108.5 112.0 115.6 118.8
105.6 109.5 112.9 116.4 119.8
106.2 110.5 113.7 116.8 120.8
4.1 4.0 2.9 2.7 3.4
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
126.2 129.4 132.6 136.3 140.4
126.7 130.2 133.8 137.4 141.3
127.2 131.5 134.5 138.3 142.5
128.2 132.1 135.0 138.8 143.9
2.6 3.0 2.2 2.8 3.7
121.8 125.3 128.9 133.3 137.8
122.5 126.3 130.0 134.6 138.8
123.2 127.7 130.9 135.7 140.1
124.2 128.1 131.6 136.4 141.3
2.8 3.1 2.7 3.6 3.6
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
146.5 153.0 158.4 166.3 172.2
148.4 155.0 160.2 167.5 173.3
149.6 155.3 161.1 168.5 174.5
150.5 156.5 162.3 169.2 176.4
4.6 4.0 3.7 4.3 4.3
143.2 148.9 152.9 158.0 161.5
144.9 150.5 154.5 159.2 162.7
146.0 150.8 155.4 159.9 163.6
147.2 151.7 156.3 160.4 164.1
4.2 3.1 3.0 2.6 2.3
Goods-Producing Industries, Blue-Collar Occupations 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
103.9 108.4 113.4 117.6 121.1
105.1 109.7 114.1 118.7 122.2
106.0 110.8 115.1 119.6 123.1
106.9 111.6 115.8 120.2 123.4
4.5 4.4 3.8 3.8 2.7
102.9 106.8 110.1 112.8 115.6
104.1 107.6 110.7 113.4 116.6
104.7 108.3 111.4 114.1 117.5
105.5 109.2 111.9 114.9 118.1
3.5 3.5 2.5 2.7 2.8
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
124.1 127.1 130.2 133.5 137.1
124.9 128.3 131.4 134.6 138.3
125.5 128.9 132.4 135.5 139.4
126.3 129.6 132.8 136.3 140.7
2.4 2.6 2.5 2.6 3.2
118.8 122.4 126.0 130.1 134.3
119.9 123.7 127.3 131.3 135.4
120.7 124.5 128.4 132.3 136.6
121.4 125.3 129.2 133.3 137.6
2.8 3.2 3.1 3.2 3.2
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
142.8 148.2 153.6 159.9 168.1
144.4 149.3 154.8 161.5 169.8
145.8 150.8 155.9 162.9 171.3
146.8 151.9 157.3 163.9 172.0
4.3 3.5 3.6 4.2 4.9
139.0 144.7 149.6 153.8 157.7
140.5 146.1 150.7 154.8 158.6
142.0 147.4 151.5 155.9 159.8
143.1 148.4 152.6 156.4 160.1
4.0 3.7 2.8 2.5 2.4
1Excludes
farm and household workers.
COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES
327
Table 6-1. Employment Cost Index, Private Industry Workers 1, Total Compensation and Wages and Salaries by Occupation and Industry, 1990–2004—Continued (June 1989 = 100, not seasonally adjusted.) Total compensation
Wages and salaries
Indexes
Indexes
Series and year March
June
Percent change for 12 months September December ended December
March
June
Percent change for 12 months September December ended December
Construction 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
103.1 107.4 110.6 114.9 118.6
104.3 108.5 111.7 116.0 120.2
105.2 109.3 113.1 116.8 121.4
105.6 109.9 113.8 116.5 120.8
3.1 4.1 3.5 2.4 3.7
102.0 105.1 107.2 109.5 112.2
102.9 105.9 107.9 110.4 113.6
103.5 106.3 108.7 111.3 114.6
103.7 106.8 108.9 111.1 114.7
2.0 3.0 2.0 2.0 3.2
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
121.1 124.3 127.2 130.6 135.6
122.0 125.3 128.7 132.7 136.9
123.1 125.9 129.7 133.4 137.9
123.4 126.4 129.7 134.3 138.7
2.2 2.4 2.6 3.5 3.3
114.8 118.3 122.0 126.0 130.7
115.7 119.6 123.6 128.1 131.9
116.8 120.4 124.7 128.5 133.0
117.4 120.8 124.9 129.3 133.6
2.4 2.9 3.4 3.5 3.3
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
140.8 148.2 154.1 159.1 164.6
143.2 150.3 155.2 161.1 165.9
145.1 151.7 156.3 162.3 167.0
146.7 153.0 157.9 163.3 167.3
5.8 4.3 3.2 3.4 2.4
136.0 142.1 147.0 150.6 155.1
138.0 143.9 148.2 152.4 155.9
139.4 145.1 149.0 153.6 157.1
140.7 146.3 150.2 154.0 157.0
5.3 4.0 2.7 2.5 1.9
Manufacturing 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
104.0 108.6 114.0 118.6 122.5
105.3 110.0 114.7 119.7 123.5
106.4 111.2 115.7 120.6 124.4
107.2 112.2 116.5 121.3 125.1
5.1 4.7 3.8 4.1 3.1
103.3 107.4 111.5 114.7 118.0
104.5 108.4 112.2 115.5 119.0
105.4 109.3 112.9 116.3 120.0
106.2 110.3 113.7 117.3 120.8
4.2 3.9 3.1 3.2 3.0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
126.2 129.3 132.6 136.4 139.9
126.9 130.4 133.8 137.2 140.9
127.3 131.3 134.6 138.2 142.1
128.3 132.1 135.3 138.9 143.6
2.6 3.0 2.4 2.7 3.4
121.9 125.4 129.1 133.7 137.9
122.9 126.5 130.3 134.6 139.0
123.5 127.7 131.3 136.0 140.2
124.3 128.4 132.2 136.8 141.5
2.9 3.3 3.0 3.5 3.4
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
146.0 151.3 156.6 164.0 171.7
147.5 152.6 158.1 165.4 173.2
148.7 153.3 159.1 166.5 174.9
149.3 154.6 160.5 167.1 175.4
4.0 3.5 3.8 4.1 5.0
142.9 148.5 153.1 158.0 161.3
144.4 150.0 154.5 159.0 162.4
145.7 150.7 155.4 159.7 163.8
146.5 151.7 156.5 160.1 164.0
3.5 3.5 3.2 2.3 2.4
Manufacturing, White-Collar Occupations 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
104.1 108.8 113.6 118.7 122.7
105.3 110.2 114.6 119.7 123.9
106.8 111.3 115.5 120.5 124.9
107.4 112.4 116.6 121.3 126.0
5.4 4.7 3.7 4.0 3.9
103.7 107.6 111.9 116.0 119.5
104.7 108.8 112.9 116.9 120.6
105.9 109.8 113.6 117.7 121.7
106.4 110.7 114.6 118.8 122.7
4.5 4.0 3.5 3.7 3.3
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
127.4 130.5 133.9 138.2 141.8
128.0 131.6 135.2 139.1 143.0
128.7 132.8 135.8 140.1 144.3
129.5 133.6 136.7 140.5 145.8
2.8 3.2 2.3 2.8 3.8
123.9 127.1 130.6 135.6 140.1
124.7 128.2 131.9 136.8 141.4
125.3 129.6 132.8 138.3 142.7
126.1 130.1 133.6 139.0 144.0
2.8 3.2 2.7 4.0 3.6
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
148.2 154.2 159.1 167.1 173.2
150.2 156.0 161.1 168.7 174.6
151.4 156.0 162.2 169.5 176.4
151.5 156.9 163.3 169.6 176.7
3.9 3.6 4.1 3.9 4.2
145.8 151.1 154.9 160.1 163.3
147.7 152.7 156.6 161.6 164.7
148.7 152.8 157.7 162.0 166.1
149.2 153.3 158.6 162.1 166.1
3.6 2.7 3.5 2.2 2.5
Manufacturing, White-Collar Occupations, Excluding Sales Occupations 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
104.0 108.3 113.0 118.0 121.3
105.1 109.9 113.8 118.8 122.5
106.4 111.1 115.0 119.5 123.6
107.0 112.2 115.9 119.9 124.9
5.0 4.9 3.3 3.5 4.2
103.4 107.2 111.4 115.3 118.0
104.4 108.6 112.2 115.9 119.1
105.6 109.7 113.0 116.7 120.2
106.2 110.7 114.0 117.2 121.4
4.2 4.2 3.0 2.8 3.6
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
126.1 129.5 132.8 136.5 140.1
126.6 130.5 133.8 137.3 141.3
127.4 131.8 134.5 138.3 142.5
128.3 132.5 135.3 138.7 143.8
2.7 3.3 2.1 2.5 3.7
122.4 126.0 129.3 133.8 138.3
123.2 127.0 130.5 135.0 139.6
123.9 128.4 131.3 136.3 140.8
124.8 128.9 132.2 137.1 142.0
2.8 3.3 2.6 3.7 3.6
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
146.2 152.2 156.7 165.1 171.3
148.2 154.0 158.6 166.4 172.6
149.3 153.8 159.6 167.4 174.1
149.7 154.7 160.7 167.8 174.7
4.1 3.3 3.9 4.4 4.1
143.7 149.1 152.3 157.7 161.2
145.6 150.5 153.9 158.9 162.5
146.6 150.5 155.0 159.5 163.5
147.5 151.0 155.9 160.0 163.9
3.9 2.4 3.2 2.6 2.4
1Excludes
farm and household workers.
328
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 6-1. Employment Cost Index, Private Industry Workers 1, Total Compensation and Wages and Salaries by Occupation and Industry, 1990–2004—Continued (June 1989 = 100, not seasonally adjusted.) Total compensation
Wages and salaries
Indexes
Indexes
Series and year March
June
Percent change for 12 months September December ended December
March
June
Percent change for 12 months September December ended December
Manufacturing, Blue-Collar Occupations 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
104.0 108.5 114.2 118.5 122.3
105.2 109.8 114.8 119.6 123.2
106.2 111.1 115.7 120.5 124.0
107.2 112.0 116.4 121.3 124.5
5.0 4.5 3.9 4.2 2.6
103.1 107.3 111.1 113.9 116.9
104.4 108.2 111.7 114.5 117.8
105.1 109.0 112.4 115.2 118.7
106.1 110.0 113.1 116.2 119.5
4.0 3.7 2.8 2.7 2.8
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
125.3 128.4 131.7 135.0 138.5
126.0 129.5 132.8 135.9 139.4
126.3 130.2 133.7 136.8 140.5
127.5 131.1 134.3 137.7 142.1
2.4 2.8 2.4 2.5 3.2
120.4 124.2 128.0 132.3 136.3
121.6 125.4 129.2 133.1 137.2
122.2 126.3 130.2 134.3 138.4
123.1 127.3 131.2 135.3 139.7
3.0 3.4 3.1 3.1 3.3
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
144.4 149.1 154.6 161.6 170.4
145.6 150.0 155.8 162.8 172.0
146.7 151.3 156.7 164.1 173.7
147.8 152.7 158.3 165.1 174.3
4.0 3.3 3.7 4.3 5.6
140.8 146.4 151.7 156.3 159.8
142.0 147.8 152.8 156.9 160.6
143.4 149.1 153.5 157.9 162.1
144.6 150.3 154.7 158.5 162.4
3.5 3.9 2.9 2.5 2.5
Manufacturing, Durable Goods 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
104.0 108.5 114.1 119.0 122.9
105.1 109.9 114.8 120.0 123.8
106.3 111.2 115.8 121.0 125.1
107.2 112.1 116.7 121.9 125.8
4.9 4.6 4.1 4.5 3.2
103.2 107.3 111.2 114.4 117.8
104.3 108.3 111.8 115.1 118.7
105.3 109.2 112.7 115.9 119.8
106.1 110.2 113.4 117.2 120.8
4.1 3.9 2.9 3.4 3.1
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
127.0 129.7 133.0 136.5 139.9
127.7 131.2 134.1 137.4 141.0
128.2 131.9 135.0 138.5 142.3
129.0 132.6 135.7 139.2 144.0
2.5 2.8 2.3 2.6 3.4
121.9 125.1 129.0 133.4 137.9
122.9 126.5 130.1 134.5 139.1
123.6 127.7 131.2 135.9 140.4
124.3 128.4 131.9 136.9 141.8
2.9 3.3 2.7 3.8 3.6
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
146.5 151.8 156.9 164.4 172.4
148.3 153.1 158.3 165.5 174.0
149.4 154.0 158.9 166.6 175.8
150.1 155.3 160.6 167.3 176.3
4.2 3.5 3.4 4.2 5.4
143.0 149.0 153.9 158.8 161.9
144.7 150.5 155.3 159.7 162.9
146.1 151.5 156.0 160.6 164.5
147.3 152.6 157.3 160.9 164.7
3.9 3.6 3.1 2.3 2.4
Aircraft Manufacturing (SIC 3721) 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
105.4 110.2 116.9 124.1 126.2
107.0 111.8 119.0 124.5 127.1
108.5 113.1 120.1 126.7 128.7
108.6 114.8 122.9 125.2 129.2
4.8 5.7 7.1 1.9 3.2
103.2 108.4 113.6 117.9 122.4
104.9 109.8 115.2 118.8 123.3
105.7 110.9 116.0 120.5 124.0
107.0 112.6 117.2 121.6 124.8
4.7 5.2 4.1 3.8 2.6
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
130.6 136.9 137.3 137.2 140.5
131.0 138.2 138.4 138.9 142.4
131.5 138.2 137.8 139.3 143.7
133.8 137.4 136.9 140.6 146.9
3.6 2.7 -0.4 2.7 4.5
125.7 129.0 132.0 135.1 139.4
126.5 130.3 133.5 136.9 141.5
127.4 130.6 133.3 137.2 142.7
128.1 130.9 134.0 138.3 143.6
2.6 2.2 2.4 3.2 3.8
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
151.2 159.8 167.5 183.2 198.9
154.3 160.4 168.9 183.7 200.9
156.0 160.3 168.8 184.4 201.6
155.3 163.4 172.3 182.1 202.0
5.7 5.2 5.4 5.7 10.9
146.3 154.3 161.4 166.0 170.6
148.6 155.1 162.5 166.9 171.9
150.0 156.6 162.5 167.4 172.4
151.6 158.3 163.1 167.7 172.6
5.6 4.4 3.0 2.8 2.9
Aircraft Manufacturing (SIC 3721), White-Collar Occupations 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
104.6 108.1 114.2 120.5 122.7
105.9 109.7 116.3 121.2 123.8
107.2 110.5 117.0 123.2 125.3
106.8 112.0 119.0 121.8 125.3
3.9 4.9 6.3 2.4 2.9
102.3 106.0 110.0 113.9 118.1
103.8 107.4 111.6 115.2 119.1
104.2 107.9 112.2 116.7 119.8
105.0 108.9 113.1 117.3 120.2
3.4 3.7 3.9 3.7 2.5
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
126.7 132.4 133.5 134.7 137.3
127.2 133.9 134.9 137.1 139.5
127.8 133.8 134.6 137.4 139.8
129.0 133.7 134.3 137.4 141.7
3.0 3.6 0.4 2.3 3.1
121.0 124.1 127.8 131.2 135.5
121.6 125.9 129.6 133.7 138.0
122.7 126.1 129.3 133.9 138.3
123.2 126.5 129.8 134.5 139.1
2.5 2.7 2.6 3.6 3.4
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
146.6 157.3 163.3 177.9 193.9
150.7 157.3 164.2 177.3 194.9
151.8 156.3 163.7 177.5 195.2
151.2 159.0 165.3 177.0 195.3
6.7 5.2 4.0 7.1 10.3
142.1 149.8 155.9 160.4 164.7
145.2 150.1 156.4 160.2 165.5
146.0 150.9 155.9 160.3 165.7
146.2 152.2 156.2 160.6 165.9
5.1 4.1 2.6 2.8 3.3
1Excludes
farm and household workers.
COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES
329
Table 6-1. Employment Cost Index, Private Industry Workers 1, Total Compensation and Wages and Salaries by Occupation and Industry, 1990–2004—Continued (June 1989 = 100, not seasonally adjusted.) Total compensation
Wages and salaries
Indexes
Indexes
Series and year March
June
Percent change for 12 months September December ended December
March
June
Percent change for 12 months September December ended December
Aircraft Manufacturing (SIC 3721), Blue-Collar Occupations 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
106.6 113.2 120.8 129.2 130.9
108.6 114.7 122.8 129.2 131.5
110.1 116.7 124.2 131.5 133.2
110.9 118.8 128.2 129.8 134.2
5.9 7.1 7.9 1.2 3.4
104.6 112.0 119.0 123.9 128.7
106.7 113.5 120.5 124.1 129.4
107.8 115.4 121.5 126.1 130.2
110.0 118.0 123.3 127.9 131.7
6.5 7.3 4.5 3.7 3.0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
135.7 143.3 142.3 139.6 144.3
136.1 144.1 142.8 140.1 145.7
136.3 144.4 141.8 140.8 149.0
140.5 142.3 139.6 144.4 154.4
4.7 1.3 -1.9 3.4 6.9
132.7 136.1 137.7 140.1 144.5
133.6 136.4 138.8 140.5 145.5
134.1 137.0 138.4 141.0 148.9
135.1 137.1 139.6 143.2 149.9
2.6 1.5 1.8 2.6 4.7
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
157.8 161.9 172.6 189.8 204.5
158.5 163.6 174.8 192.3 208.3
161.4 165.3 175.4 193.9 210.9
160.4 169.1 182.3 188.4 211.8
3.9 5.4 7.8 3.3 12.4
151.8 160.3 169.0 173.6 178.4
152.1 162.1 171.4 176.5 180.7
155.1 164.9 172.2 177.8 183.0
159.3 167.4 173.2 178.2 183.3
6.3 5.1 3.5 2.9 2.9
Manufacturing, Nondurable Goods 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
104.1 108.8 113.8 117.9 121.7
105.5 110.1 114.7 119.0 122.8
106.6 111.2 115.4 119.7 123.2
107.4 112.3 116.3 120.3 123.8
5.4 4.6 3.6 3.4 2.9
103.6 107.6 111.8 115.5 118.3
104.8 108.6 112.8 116.3 119.5
105.7 109.4 113.2 116.9 120.3
106.3 110.6 114.3 117.5 120.8
4.4 4.0 3.3 2.8 2.8
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
124.7 128.3 131.7 135.9 139.6
125.4 128.9 133.0 136.7 140.4
125.7 130.0 133.7 137.6 141.5
127.0 131.0 134.5 138.2 142.8
2.6 3.1 2.7 2.8 3.3
121.9 125.8 129.3 134.2 138.0
122.9 126.5 130.6 134.9 138.7
123.3 127.6 131.4 136.0 139.7
124.4 128.5 132.6 136.8 140.9
3.0 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
144.9 150.4 156.0 163.1 170.4
146.0 151.6 157.5 164.9 171.7
147.5 152.0 159.2 166.0 173.1
147.7 153.2 160.3 166.6 173.6
3.4 3.7 4.6 3.9 4.2
142.7 147.5 151.9 156.6 160.4
143.9 149.0 153.1 157.8 161.6
145.0 149.3 154.4 158.3 162.8
145.4 150.2 155.2 158.7 162.9
3.2 3.3 3.3 2.3 2.6
Service-Producing Industries 3 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
103.8 108.5 112.8 116.4 120.4
105.2 109.8 113.6 117.3 121.2
106.2 111.0 114.4 118.5 122.3
107.0 111.6 115.2 119.3 122.8
4.6 4.3 3.2 3.6 2.9
103.3 107.5 111.1 113.9 117.3
104.6 108.7 111.7 114.7 118.2
105.7 109.7 112.3 115.9 119.2
106.3 110.2 113.0 116.6 119.7
4.0 3.7 2.5 3.2 2.7
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
123.9 127.6 131.6 136.7 140.9
124.9 128.6 132.5 137.8 142.8
125.8 129.5 133.8 139.6 144.1
126.2 130.2 135.3 140.5 145.3
2.8 3.2 3.9 3.8 3.4
120.7 124.7 129.0 134.4 138.9
121.6 125.8 130.1 135.6 140.8
122.6 126.7 131.5 137.6 142.1
123.2 127.5 133.1 138.4 143.3
2.9 3.5 4.4 4.0 3.5
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
147.4 153.8 159.9 165.6 171.6
149.1 155.3 161.8 167.0 173.3
150.6 156.9 162.7 168.8 174.7
151.7 158.2 163.1 169.7 175.3
4.4 4.3 3.1 4.0 3.3
145.0 150.5 156.1 160.6 165.0
146.5 151.9 157.7 161.7 166.1
147.9 153.2 158.4 163.3 167.5
148.9 154.5 158.6 163.9 167.9
3.9 3.8 2.7 3.3 2.4
Service-Producing Industries, Excluding Sales Occupations 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
103.9 108.7 113.2 117.3 121.4
105.1 109.9 114.0 118.3 122.1
106.4 111.3 115.1 119.3 123.3
107.3 112.1 115.9 120.2 123.8
5.1 4.5 3.4 3.7 3.0
103.4 107.7 111.5 114.8 118.3
104.5 108.7 112.2 115.6 119.0
105.8 110.0 113.0 116.6 120.2
106.6 110.7 113.7 117.4 120.7
4.7 3.8 2.7 3.3 2.8
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
125.0 128.4 132.2 137.4 141.7
125.8 129.2 133.3 138.5 143.3
126.6 130.3 134.5 140.0 144.6
127.2 130.9 136.1 140.6 145.9
2.7 2.9 4.0 3.3 3.8
121.8 125.6 129.7 135.2 139.8
122.5 126.5 130.9 136.2 141.4
123.4 127.6 132.3 137.9 142.6
124.2 128.3 133.9 138.5 143.8
2.9 3.3 4.4 3.4 3.8
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
147.7 154.6 160.9 166.6 172.5
149.4 156.0 162.4 168.0 174.2
151.1 157.8 163.5 169.7 175.6
152.2 159.0 164.0 170.6 176.5
4.3 4.5 3.1 4.0 3.5
145.3 151.3 157.2 161.7 166.0
146.9 152.6 158.5 162.8 167.1
148.3 154.2 159.3 164.2 168.5
149.4 155.5 159.6 165.0 169.3
3.9 4.1 2.6 3.4 2.6
1Excludes farm and household workers. 3Includes transportation, communication,
and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries.
330
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 6-1. Employment Cost Index, Private Industry Workers 1, Total Compensation and Wages and Salaries by Occupation and Industry, 1990–2004—Continued (June 1989 = 100, not seasonally adjusted.) Total compensation
Wages and salaries
Indexes
Indexes
Series and year March
June
Percent change for 12 months September December ended December
March
June
Percent change for 12 months September December ended December
Service-Producing Industries, White-Collar Occupations 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
104.2 109.1 113.4 116.9 121.0
105.5 110.4 114.1 117.8 121.9
106.7 111.5 114.9 119.0 122.9
107.4 112.1 115.7 119.8 123.4
4.7 4.4 3.2 3.5 3.0
103.6 108.1 111.7 114.5 118.0
105.0 109.3 112.2 115.2 118.9
106.1 110.3 112.8 116.5 119.9
106.8 110.7 113.6 117.3 120.4
4.2 3.7 2.6 3.3 2.6
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
124.6 128.5 132.7 138.0 142.3
125.6 129.6 133.7 139.3 144.3
126.5 130.6 134.9 141.2 145.8
127.1 131.1 136.6 142.2 147.0
3.0 3.1 4.2 4.1 3.4
121.3 125.6 130.1 135.7 140.3
122.3 126.8 131.2 137.0 142.3
123.2 127.8 132.6 139.2 143.8
124.0 128.5 134.3 140.1 145.0
3.0 3.6 4.5 4.3 3.5
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
149.3 155.8 162.1 167.9 174.1
151.0 157.4 164.0 169.2 175.7
152.6 159.0 164.7 171.2 177.3
153.7 160.3 165.1 172.0 177.8
4.6 4.3 3.0 4.2 3.4
146.9 152.5 158.2 163.0 167.8
148.5 154.0 159.9 164.1 168.9
150.0 155.2 160.5 166.0 170.4
150.9 156.5 160.7 166.6 170.8
4.1 3.7 2.7 3.7 2.5
Service-Producing Industries, White-Collar Occupations, Excluding Sales Occupations 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
104.4 109.5 114.1 118.4 122.7
105.6 110.6 114.9 119.3 123.4
107.1 112.1 116.1 120.4 124.6
108.0 113.0 116.8 121.4 125.1
5.6 4.6 3.4 3.9 3.0
103.8 108.5 112.4 116.0 119.6
105.0 109.5 113.1 116.8 120.4
106.4 110.9 114.0 117.8 121.5
107.2 111.6 114.7 118.7 122.1
5.0 4.1 2.8 3.5 2.9
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
126.4 130.0 134.0 139.5 143.8
127.1 130.9 135.1 140.6 145.5
128.0 132.2 136.3 142.2 147.0
128.7 132.6 138.1 142.8 148.3
2.9 3.0 4.1 3.4 3.9
123.2 127.2 131.5 137.3 142.0
123.8 128.1 132.7 138.4 143.7
124.7 129.5 134.2 140.2 145.1
125.6 129.9 135.9 140.7 146.4
2.9 3.4 4.6 3.5 4.1
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
150.3 157.5 164.1 169.9 176.2
152.1 159.1 165.6 171.3 177.8
153.9 160.9 166.5 173.1 179.4
155.1 162.2 167.0 174.2 180.4
4.6 4.6 3.0 4.3 3.6
147.8 154.3 160.4 165.3 170.2
149.6 155.6 161.6 166.5 171.2
151.2 157.2 162.5 168.2 172.8
152.3 158.6 162.8 169.0 173.6
4.0 4.1 2.6 3.8 2.7
Service-Producing Industries, Blue-Collar Occupations 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
102.6 106.6 110.4 114.3 118.4
103.9 107.6 111.6 115.5 119.1
104.8 108.7 112.4 116.6 120.6
105.4 109.4 113.2 117.2 120.7
4.3 3.8 3.5 3.5 3.0
102.1 105.6 108.7 111.9 115.5
103.3 106.5 109.7 112.9 116.2
104.2 107.3 110.3 114.1 117.5
104.7 107.8 111.0 114.6 117.6
3.8 3.0 3.0 3.2 2.6
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
122.1 125.2 128.2 132.1 136.2
123.1 126.0 129.2 133.2 137.8
123.9 126.4 130.0 134.3 139.1
124.0 127.3 130.9 134.8 139.8
2.7 2.7 2.8 3.0 3.7
119.2 122.7 126.0 130.2 134.4
120.3 123.5 127.2 131.1 135.9
121.1 123.8 127.9 132.4 137.0
121.4 124.8 128.9 132.9 137.8
3.2 2.8 3.3 3.1 3.7
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
141.8 147.7 153.2 158.7 164.1
143.1 148.7 155.2 160.8 166.4
144.5 150.9 156.6 162.2 167.4
145.3 151.4 156.9 162.6 168.1
3.9 4.2 3.6 3.6 3.4
139.1 144.3 149.4 153.2 156.2
140.3 145.3 151.1 154.3 157.8
141.6 147.5 151.8 155.1 158.9
142.2 148.1 152.0 155.4 159.4
3.2 4.1 2.6 2.2 2.6
Service-Producing Industries, Service Occupations 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
103.9 108.4 113.4 116.8 120.2
105.0 109.9 114.1 117.7 120.7
105.8 111.6 115.2 118.6 121.3
107.4 112.5 115.7 119.1 122.5
4.8 4.7 2.8 2.9 2.9
103.2 107.0 111.3 113.5 116.3
104.3 108.4 111.7 114.1 116.7
105.0 110.0 112.6 114.9 117.3
106.5 110.7 112.9 115.2 118.7
4.1 3.9 2.0 2.0 3.0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
123.0 125.3 129.5 135.0 139.3
123.6 126.1 130.6 135.8 140.5
124.2 127.1 132.7 137.0 140.8
124.8 128.6 133.9 137.8 142.4
1.9 3.0 4.1 2.9 3.3
119.3 122.0 126.5 132.1 136.7
119.8 122.8 127.5 133.0 137.8
120.7 124.0 129.8 134.2 138.0
121.3 125.6 131.0 135.2 139.6
2.2 3.5 4.3 3.2 3.3
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
143.6 149.6 155.9 161.1 166.1
145.1 150.8 157.0 162.0 167.4
146.3 152.2 158.5 163.2 168.1
147.9 154.2 159.3 164.3 168.9
3.9 4.3 3.3 3.1 2.8
141.1 146.1 151.6 155.1 158.0
142.5 147.2 152.4 155.6 158.8
143.5 148.4 153.5 156.6 159.4
144.8 150.2 154.1 157.4 160.2
3.7 3.7 2.6 2.1 1.8
1Excludes
farm and household workers.
COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES
331
Table 6-1. Employment Cost Index, Private Industry Workers 1, Total Compensation and Wages and Salaries by Occupation and Industry, 1990–2004—Continued (June 1989 = 100, not seasonally adjusted.) Total compensation
Wages and salaries
Indexes
Indexes
Series and year March
June
Percent change for 12 months September December ended December
March
June
Percent change for 12 months September December ended December
Transportation and Public Utilities 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
103.0 106.0 111.1 114.8 119.2
103.3 107.7 111.9 116.0 119.8
104.2 109.0 112.9 116.8 121.4
105.1 109.7 113.5 117.5 122.1
3.9 4.4 3.5 3.5 3.9
102.6 105.4 109.7 112.9 116.4
103.2 106.6 110.6 114.0 117.2
104.1 107.7 111.2 114.7 118.9
104.6 108.4 111.8 115.4 119.6
3.4 3.6 3.1 3.2 3.6
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
124.0 127.9 131.3 135.8 139.7
124.7 128.4 131.7 137.1 140.9
126.0 129.3 132.9 138.5 141.8
126.6 130.4 134.2 139.3 142.3
3.7 3.0 2.9 3.8 2.2
121.2 124.6 128.2 132.1 135.4
122.0 125.0 128.8 132.8 136.8
122.9 125.9 130.1 134.3 137.5
123.7 127.0 131.3 135.1 137.9
3.4 2.7 3.4 2.9 2.1
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
143.9 150.5 157.3 163.2 169.8
145.7 152.4 158.9 165.4 172.5
147.4 153.5 160.8 166.5 173.6
148.3 155.5 161.7 167.0 173.5
4.2 4.9 4.0 3.3 3.9
138.5 143.7 150.5 154.8 157.6
140.0 145.7 152.1 155.6 159.1
141.3 146.7 153.4 156.0 160.4
142.3 149.2 154.1 156.5 160.5
3.2 4.8 3.3 1.6 2.6
Transportation 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
102.8 105.2 109.9 112.8 117.1
103.0 106.8 110.5 114.1 117.7
103.8 107.8 111.7 114.8 119.7
104.6 108.6 111.8 115.7 120.3
3.8 3.8 2.9 3.5 4.0
102.3 104.3 108.3 110.8 114.2
102.3 105.5 109.2 112.0 114.8
103.3 106.6 109.8 112.6 116.7
103.5 107.0 109.9 113.4 117.5
2.8 3.4 2.7 3.2 3.6
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
122.3 126.9 130.6 134.0 136.8
123.0 127.7 130.9 134.9 138.1
124.7 128.2 132.1 136.7 138.7
125.1 129.2 133.4 137.3 139.5
4.0 3.3 3.3 2.9 1.6
119.0 122.9 126.5 130.1 132.3
119.8 123.2 126.9 130.4 133.7
121.0 123.8 128.5 132.4 134.4
121.6 124.7 129.5 132.9 134.9
3.5 2.5 3.8 2.6 1.5
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
140.4 145.4 152.5 157.8 162.0
141.8 146.9 153.9 158.9 164.7
142.8 148.2 155.4 159.4 166.2
143.9 151.1 156.1 159.6 166.2
3.2 5.0 3.3 2.2 4.1
134.9 139.8 147.4 150.5 151.7
136.2 141.6 148.6 150.6 153.4
137.4 142.6 149.6 150.4 155.0
138.6 145.7 150.1 150.8 155.1
2.7 5.1 3.0 0.5 2.9
Public Utilities 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
103.2 107.0 112.6 117.4 121.7
103.8 108.8 113.7 118.3 122.6
104.8 110.4 114.4 119.2 123.6
105.7 111.2 115.6 119.9 124.4
3.9 5.2 4.0 3.7 3.8
103.0 106.9 111.4 115.4 119.1
104.1 108.0 112.4 116.4 120.1
105.0 109.0 113.0 117.2 121.4
106.0 110.0 114.1 117.9 122.3
4.1 3.8 3.7 3.3 3.7
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
126.1 128.9 132.0 137.9 143.4
126.8 129.1 132.5 139.7 144.6
127.5 130.4 133.7 140.7 145.7
128.5 131.7 135.1 141.9 146.1
3.3 2.5 2.6 5.0 3.0
123.9 126.5 130.1 134.5 139.2
124.5 127.1 130.9 135.7 140.6
125.2 128.4 132.0 136.5 141.5
126.1 129.8 133.5 137.8 141.8
3.1 2.9 2.9 3.2 2.9
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
148.6 157.3 163.9 170.5 180.4
150.9 159.8 165.5 174.2 183.1
153.5 160.7 168.2 176.4 183.6
154.1 161.5 169.2 177.0 183.4
5.5 4.8 4.8 4.6 3.6
143.2 148.7 154.3 160.4 165.3
144.9 151.0 156.4 162.1 166.4
146.4 152.0 158.2 163.4 167.5
147.1 153.6 159.3 164.1 167.5
3.7 4.4 3.7 3.0 2.1
Communications 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
103.1 106.0 111.8 116.5 121.0
103.1 108.0 112.7 117.5 122.1
104.2 109.9 113.4 118.5 122.9
105.2 110.7 114.7 119.2 124.0
3.5 5.2 3.6 3.9 4.0
103.1 106.5 110.8 114.7 118.4
104.1 107.6 111.7 115.6 119.5
105.0 108.5 112.2 116.5 121.0
106.1 109.6 113.5 117.1 122.1
4.2 3.3 3.6 3.2 4.3
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
126.3 128.0 130.2 136.6 143.3
126.6 127.5 130.5 139.2 144.9
127.4 129.1 131.8 140.5 146.1
128.3 131.1 134.0 141.7 146.0
3.5 2.2 2.2 5.7 3.0
124.3 126.1 129.8 134.4 139.4
124.6 126.5 130.6 135.8 141.1
125.3 128.2 131.8 136.7 141.9
126.2 130.3 134.0 138.0 142.2
3.4 3.2 2.8 3.0 3.0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
148.4 158.3 166.0 171.3 182.2
150.9 161.1 166.1 175.5 183.6
153.9 162.8 169.0 178.4 183.8
154.7 163.4 170.1 179.0 183.5
6.0 5.6 4.1 5.2 2.5
143.4 149.2 155.3 161.9 167.0
145.0 151.8 157.1 163.4 167.5
146.7 153.3 159.6 165.4 168.8
147.4 155.2 160.7 165.9 168.3
3.7 5.3 3.5 3.2 1.4
1Excludes
farm and household workers.
332
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 6-1. Employment Cost Index, Private Industry Workers 1, Total Compensation and Wages and Salaries by Occupation and Industry, 1990–2004—Continued (June 1989 = 100, not seasonally adjusted.) Total compensation
Wages and salaries
Indexes
Indexes
Series and year March
June
Percent change for 12 months September December ended December
March
June
Percent change for 12 months September December ended December
Electric, Gas, and Sanitary Services 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
103.2 108.3 113.7 118.6 122.7
104.6 109.8 115.0 119.4 123.2
105.5 111.0 115.9 120.2 124.4
106.2 111.7 116.7 120.8 124.8
4.4 5.2 4.5 3.5 3.3
103.0 107.3 112.2 116.3 119.9
104.2 108.6 113.3 117.4 120.9
105.0 109.5 114.2 118.2 121.9
105.7 110.5 114.8 118.8 122.4
3.9 4.5 3.9 3.5 3.0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
125.9 130.1 134.2 139.6 143.4
127.0 131.1 134.9 140.3 144.2
127.7 132.0 136.0 141.0 145.1
128.7 132.4 136.4 142.1 146.1
3.1 2.9 3.0 4.2 2.8
123.4 127.0 130.4 134.7 138.9
124.4 127.7 131.2 135.6 140.0
125.2 128.5 132.2 136.3 140.9
125.9 129.0 132.9 137.4 141.3
2.9 2.5 3.0 3.4 2.8
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
148.9 156.0 161.3 169.5 178.2
151.0 158.1 164.8 172.6 182.4
152.9 158.1 167.2 173.8 183.3
153.4 159.1 168.1 174.6 183.3
5.0 3.7 5.7 3.9 5.0
143.0 148.1 153.0 158.6 163.3
144.7 149.9 155.5 160.4 165.1
145.9 150.4 156.5 161.0 165.9
146.6 151.7 157.4 161.8 166.6
3.8 3.5 3.8 2.8 3.0
Wholesale and Retail Trade 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
103.5 107.4 111.4 114.7 117.6
105.0 109.2 112.5 115.9 119.4
105.6 110.3 113.0 116.4 120.5
106.2 110.7 113.7 117.1 120.6
3.5 4.2 2.7 3.0 3.0
103.3 106.6 109.9 113.0 115.5
104.6 108.4 111.2 114.2 117.4
105.1 109.4 111.5 114.7 118.3
105.6 109.6 112.3 115.4 118.4
2.8 3.8 2.5 2.8 2.6
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
121.7 125.5 130.1 134.7 138.9
122.8 126.4 131.2 135.8 141.1
123.8 127.5 132.4 137.6 142.2
124.2 128.6 132.9 138.2 143.5
3.0 3.5 3.3 4.0 3.8
119.4 123.9 128.5 133.3 137.7
120.6 124.8 129.7 134.6 139.6
121.6 125.8 130.9 136.6 140.7
122.3 127.0 131.6 137.0 142.0
3.3 3.8 3.6 4.1 3.6
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
145.6 151.0 156.5 161.3 166.3
147.3 152.6 159.5 162.5 168.1
148.3 153.7 159.6 164.3 169.1
149.4 155.5 159.7 165.0 169.1
4.1 4.1 2.7 3.3 2.5
143.8 148.4 153.0 156.7 160.3
145.5 150.1 155.7 157.5 161.6
146.4 150.6 155.5 159.2 162.5
147.4 152.1 155.5 159.5 162.1
3.8 3.2 2.2 2.6 1.6
Wholesale and Retail Trade, Excluding Sales Occupations 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
103.0 107.7 111.5 115.4 118.6
104.5 109.1 112.7 116.2 119.8
105.4 110.1 113.5 117.0 120.9
106.1 110.8 114.1 118.0 120.9
4.0 4.4 3.0 3.4 2.5
102.6 106.8 110.1 113.6 116.5
104.2 108.3 111.4 114.4 117.8
104.9 109.2 112.1 115.2 118.7
105.5 109.6 112.6 116.1 118.8
3.5 3.9 2.7 3.1 2.3
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
122.4 125.9 130.4 135.5 139.9
123.1 126.4 131.9 136.3 141.9
124.1 128.0 133.0 138.1 142.8
125.0 129.0 134.0 138.8 144.3
3.4 3.2 3.9 3.6 4.0
120.2 124.4 129.3 134.7 139.5
120.9 124.9 131.1 135.6 141.1
121.9 126.5 132.2 137.6 141.8
123.2 127.7 133.2 138.2 143.3
3.7 3.7 4.3 3.8 3.7
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
146.4 152.6 157.5 161.8 167.4
148.1 153.9 160.0 162.7 168.6
149.6 155.4 160.3 165.0 169.6
150.6 157.1 160.4 165.9 170.4
4.4 4.3 2.1 3.4 2.7
145.2 150.7 154.8 157.9 162.3
146.8 151.9 157.1 158.7 162.9
148.2 153.1 157.1 160.7 163.5
149.0 154.6 157.0 161.3 164.1
4.0 3.8 1.6 2.7 1.7
Wholesale Trade 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
104.8 107.8 112.5 115.3 117.9
105.4 109.6 113.5 116.4 119.7
105.8 110.7 113.2 116.6 120.6
106.5 111.1 114.4 117.8 121.5
1.9 4.3 3.0 3.0 3.1
104.6 107.3 111.4 113.9 116.2
105.2 109.2 112.5 115.1 118.3
105.5 110.4 111.9 115.1 118.9
106.2 110.3 113.5 116.4 119.9
1.0 3.9 2.9 2.6 3.0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
123.2 127.5 132.9 137.7 142.7
124.8 129.3 133.8 138.6 144.6
126.1 129.9 134.6 140.8 146.3
127.0 130.9 135.1 142.8 148.5
4.5 3.1 3.2 5.7 4.0
120.9 126.1 131.4 136.2 140.7
122.7 128.0 132.2 137.1 142.3
123.9 128.5 133.0 139.3 144.3
125.5 129.6 133.6 141.3 146.5
4.7 3.3 3.1 5.8 3.7
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
150.0 155.1 161.9 169.5 173.8
151.8 157.8 166.3 171.3 175.9
152.1 158.6 165.9 172.0 177.8
154.4 159.5 166.7 172.0 176.6
4.0 3.3 4.5 3.2 2.7
147.4 151.6 157.2 163.4 166.2
149.4 154.5 161.3 164.7 167.8
149.6 154.1 160.4 164.8 169.7
151.6 154.8 161.0 165.3 167.5
3.5 2.1 4.0 2.7 1.3
1Excludes
farm and household workers.
COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES
333
Table 6-1. Employment Cost Index, Private Industry Workers 1, Total Compensation and Wages and Salaries by Occupation and Industry, 1990–2004—Continued (June 1989 = 100, not seasonally adjusted.) Total compensation
Wages and salaries
Indexes
Indexes
Series and year March
June
Percent change for 12 months September December ended December
March
June
Percent change for 12 months September December ended December
Wholesale Trade, Excluding Sales Occupations 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
103.7 108.2 112.5 116.0 119.3
105.0 109.6 113.5 116.8 120.3
105.4 110.3 114.1 117.6 121.3
106.2 111.2 114.9 118.7 122.0
3.5 4.7 3.3 3.3 2.8
103.2 107.9 111.5 114.7 117.8
104.7 109.2 112.7 115.5 118.8
105.2 109.8 113.3 116.3 119.6
105.9 110.5 114.1 117.5 120.2
3.3 4.3 3.3 3.0 2.3
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
124.4 127.4 132.6 137.0 142.4
125.1 128.7 133.7 138.2 144.0
126.2 130.0 134.5 140.0 145.8
127.1 130.9 135.4 141.2 147.4
4.2 3.0 3.4 4.3 4.4
122.2 126.3 131.8 136.5 141.9
122.9 127.6 132.8 137.8 143.0
123.7 128.9 133.9 139.6 144.8
125.7 129.8 135.0 140.8 146.4
4.6 3.3 4.0 4.3 4.0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
149.6 156.9 162.3 168.4 173.7
151.1 158.5 164.4 169.9 174.0
152.7 160.0 166.1 171.2 175.3
154.9 160.6 167.2 171.3 176.3
5.1 3.7 4.1 2.5 2.9
147.9 154.9 159.4 163.9 167.8
149.7 156.5 161.2 165.2 167.6
151.3 157.4 162.6 165.7 168.6
153.2 157.9 163.7 166.3 168.9
4.6 3.1 3.7 1.6 1.6
Retail Trade 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
103.0 107.3 110.8 114.5 117.5
104.8 109.0 112.1 115.6 119.2
105.5 110.1 112.9 116.2 120.4
106.0 110.5 113.4 116.8 120.1
4.3 4.2 2.6 3.0 2.8
102.7 106.2 109.3 112.6 115.2
104.4 108.0 110.6 113.8 117.0
105.0 109.0 111.3 114.5 118.0
105.3 109.2 111.8 115.0 117.8
3.6 3.7 2.4 2.9 2.4
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
120.9 124.5 128.5 133.1 136.8
121.8 124.8 129.7 134.4 139.1
122.6 126.2 131.1 135.9 140.0
122.7 127.4 131.7 135.6 140.7
2.2 3.8 3.4 3.0 3.8
118.7 122.8 127.1 131.9 136.2
119.6 123.1 128.5 133.3 138.3
120.5 124.4 129.9 135.2 138.9
120.6 125.8 130.6 134.8 139.6
2.4 4.3 3.8 3.2 3.6
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
143.2 148.7 153.5 156.6 162.1
144.8 149.7 155.6 157.4 163.7
146.2 150.9 156.0 159.9 164.2
146.6 153.2 155.8 161.0 164.7
4.2 4.5 1.7 3.3 2.3
142.1 146.9 150.9 153.1 157.3
143.5 147.8 152.7 153.8 158.4
144.8 148.8 152.9 156.3 158.7
145.2 150.7 152.7 156.5 159.3
4.0 3.8 1.3 2.5 1.8
General Merchandise Stores 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
102.6 108.3 111.7 114.1 115.3
105.7 110.1 112.9 114.7 118.0
105.9 111.2 113.3 115.5 118.7
106.9 111.1 113.3 116.3 119.3
5.3 3.9 2.0 2.6 2.6
102.4 107.8 111.1 112.4 114.0
105.2 110.0 111.7 113.4 116.4
105.6 110.9 111.7 114.5 116.5
106.5 110.6 111.8 115.0 117.5
5.0 3.8 1.1 2.9 2.2
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
120.1 122.4 126.4 131.2 135.0
120.7 123.6 127.7 133.0 135.6
121.0 124.6 128.6 133.2 137.2
121.7 126.3 130.0 134.0 138.3
2.0 3.8 2.9 3.1 3.2
117.9 121.0 125.0 129.4 133.7
118.6 121.7 126.2 131.5 134.3
119.0 122.6 126.7 132.2 135.6
120.1 124.7 128.4 133.0 136.7
2.2 3.8 3.0 3.6 2.8
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
139.7 147.3 152.4 156.4 165.8
141.0 149.4 154.2 159.2 166.2
142.2 149.7 156.1 161.2 168.8
144.4 150.9 155.1 165.6 169.5
4.4 4.5 2.8 6.8 2.4
137.8 143.8 147.9 149.8 154.1
138.5 145.5 148.9 152.0 154.9
139.7 145.7 150.1 153.1 157.5
142.2 146.5 149.2 153.6 158.1
4.0 3.0 1.8 2.9 2.9
Food Stores 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
103.2 107.5 112.6 115.9 119.6
104.6 109.3 113.6 117.2 120.6
105.7 110.3 114.2 117.1 120.3
106.4 111.7 115.1 118.3 120.0
4.6 5.0 3.0 2.8 1.4
102.8 106.9 110.9 114.6 117.0
104.3 108.7 112.3 115.4 117.8
105.1 109.4 112.9 114.9 117.4
105.8 110.4 113.7 115.9 117.3
4.0 4.3 3.0 1.9 1.2
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
120.8 123.6 128.2 131.3 134.3
120.7 124.4 128.2 132.9 135.7
121.8 127.0 129.8 133.7 137.0
122.4 128.4 129.4 132.7 138.1
2.0 4.9 0.8 2.6 4.1
117.8 120.5 124.8 129.0 131.8
117.6 121.2 124.7 130.5 132.8
118.6 123.1 126.7 131.7 133.9
119.1 124.7 127.0 130.5 134.9
1.5 4.7 1.8 2.8 3.4
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
140.1 146.1 152.9 157.5 162.1
142.5 148.2 154.5 158.6 163.5
143.4 149.7 156.3 159.3 163.5
144.5 151.7 156.3 160.3 164.0
4.6 5.0 3.0 2.6 2.3
136.7 143.3 148.0 151.0 153.8
139.5 144.5 148.9 151.6 154.3
140.2 145.7 150.1 152.2 154.5
141.6 146.7 150.3 152.8 155.0
5.0 3.6 2.5 1.7 1.4
1Excludes
farm and household workers.
334
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 6-1. Employment Cost Index, Private Industry Workers 1, Total Compensation and Wages and Salaries by Occupation and Industry, 1990–2004—Continued (June 1989 = 100, not seasonally adjusted.) Total compensation
Wages and salaries
Indexes
Indexes
Series and year March
June
Percent change for 12 months September December ended December
March
June
Percent change for 12 months September December ended December
Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
102.6 108.3 111.7 112.6 117.7
104.4 109.5 110.8 113.1 117.7
105.4 109.7 111.1 115.7 118.5
105.5 110.0 111.3 116.4 118.9
4.0 4.3 1.2 4.6 2.1
101.8 107.0 109.5 109.3 113.7
103.5 108.1 108.2 109.3 113.2
104.9 108.0 108.2 112.3 113.8
104.8 108.4 108.3 112.9 114.2
3.5 3.4 -0.1 4.2 1.2
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
120.2 124.5 128.6 136.7 141.5
121.8 126.3 129.4 138.4 145.8
122.7 126.7 130.5 141.0 147.6
123.1 126.0 134.5 142.5 148.3
3.5 2.4 6.7 5.9 4.1
115.0 119.8 124.5 132.6 137.2
117.0 121.9 125.3 134.8 142.4
118.0 122.2 126.4 138.1 144.5
118.4 122.2 130.6 139.8 145.2
3.7 3.2 6.9 7.0 3.9
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
152.0 157.9 165.2 176.7 182.5
153.1 159.5 167.3 178.3 183.6
155.2 160.9 168.0 180.2 184.8
155.7 161.3 168.5 180.9 186.0
5.0 3.6 4.5 7.4 2.8
148.7 153.9 160.3 171.1 175.2
149.5 154.6 162.0 172.4 175.3
151.7 155.8 162.4 174.1 176.5
151.7 156.0 162.6 174.5 177.7
4.5 2.8 4.2 7.3 1.8
Finance, Insurance and Real Estate, Excluding Sales Occupations 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
103.5 108.6 112.5 114.9 119.7
104.7 109.5 112.2 116.4 120.3
106.3 110.6 112.5 117.5 121.5
106.7 111.4 113.0 118.2 121.8
5.6 4.4 1.4 4.6 3.0
103.0 107.6 110.6 112.0 115.5
103.9 108.4 109.9 113.1 116.0
105.8 109.5 109.9 114.0 117.2
106.1 110.4 110.2 114.6 117.4
5.2 4.1 -0.2 4.0 2.4
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
123.7 127.5 131.5 140.2 145.6
124.6 128.5 132.4 141.3 148.8
125.4 129.7 133.5 143.2 151.0
125.7 129.2 137.6 143.3 151.6
3.2 2.8 6.5 4.1 5.8
119.3 123.4 127.2 135.9 141.0
120.2 124.5 128.1 137.5 144.8
121.1 126.0 129.3 139.7 147.5
121.3 125.3 133.6 139.6 148.0
3.3 3.3 6.6 4.5 6.0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
154.2 161.2 169.8 182.0 186.6
155.5 163.1 171.3 184.0 188.7
157.4 164.7 172.1 185.3 190.0
158.4 165.0 173.1 186.1 191.2
4.5 4.2 4.9 7.5 2.7
150.2 156.6 164.5 176.7 179.2
151.5 157.6 165.7 178.5 180.5
153.3 159.1 166.1 179.2 181.8
154.1 159.1 167.3 179.8 182.9
4.1 3.2 5.2 7.5 1.7
Banking, Savings and Loan, and Other Credit Agencies 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
102.1 107.4 110.2 114.6 118.7
104.1 107.0 110.0 116.0 119.4
104.4 107.5 111.0 116.9 120.8
105.8 107.4 111.4 117.8 120.5
5.1 1.5 3.7 5.7 2.3
101.6 106.6 108.2 112.1 114.7
103.6 105.9 107.7 112.9 115.0
103.9 106.4 108.6 113.7 116.5
105.4 106.3 109.0 114.5 116.2
4.5 0.9 2.5 5.0 1.5
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
123.5 126.9 130.6 143.3 148.8
124.1 128.2 131.6 145.3 155.4
124.8 130.3 133.1 148.4 159.3
124.4 128.0 140.6 146.7 159.8
3.2 2.9 9.8 4.3 8.9
119.2 122.7 125.9 140.9 146.1
119.7 124.2 126.8 143.2 154.5
120.4 126.8 128.9 147.0 159.2
120.1 123.8 138.3 144.4 159.6
3.4 3.1 11.7 4.4 10.5
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
162.7 170.8 182.1 204.3 207.2
164.2 172.7 184.2 206.3 208.9
165.8 175.4 184.6 207.6 210.5
166.5 174.3 185.3 209.0 212.3
4.2 4.7 6.3 12.8 1.6
162.0 169.4 181.2 206.4 206.7
163.3 170.8 182.8 208.7 207.6
165.0 173.2 182.7 209.1 209.5
165.7 171.7 183.9 210.2 211.3
3.8 3.6 7.1 14.3 0.5
Insurance 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
103.2 107.4 113.2 114.3 119.9
105.2 109.5 114.7 116.1 120.5
106.5 109.5 114.9 117.4 121.5
106.0 110.7 115.2 119.7 122.3
5.0 4.4 4.1 3.9 2.2
102.3 105.7 111.2 111.2 116.0
104.1 107.8 112.7 112.9 116.8
105.8 107.5 112.7 113.9 117.7
105.1 108.6 112.7 116.6 118.6
4.3 3.3 3.8 3.5 1.7
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
123.5 127.6 131.9 137.4 141.7
124.6 128.2 132.1 138.9 144.0
124.9 129.3 133.1 141.9 144.5
125.9 129.6 134.8 141.7 145.8
2.9 2.9 4.0 5.1 2.9
119.8 123.6 127.9 133.1 137.4
120.8 124.1 128.0 134.8 139.8
121.1 125.4 128.7 138.7 140.2
122.2 126.0 130.2 138.5 141.5
3.0 3.1 3.3 6.4 2.2
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
149.9 157.6 164.0 172.1 177.8
151.3 159.3 166.1 173.9 180.5
154.8 159.9 167.1 175.1 182.1
155.2 161.3 167.9 176.2 183.6
6.4 3.9 4.1 4.9 4.2
145.5 152.4 157.1 161.6 165.1
146.6 153.3 158.6 163.0 167.2
150.7 153.6 159.6 163.9 168.9
150.8 155.0 159.1 164.5 170.4
6.6 2.8 2.6 3.4 3.6
1Excludes
farm and household workers.
COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES
335
Table 6-1. Employment Cost Index, Private Industry Workers 1, Total Compensation and Wages and Salaries by Occupation and Industry, 1990–2004—Continued (June 1989 = 100, not seasonally adjusted.) Total compensation
Wages and salaries
Indexes
Indexes
Series and year March
June
Percent change for 12 months September December ended December
March
June
Percent change for 12 months September December ended December
Insurance, Excluding Sales Occupations 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
104.5 108.7 113.9 118.6 124.4
106.1 110.3 115.7 120.6 125.0
106.8 111.4 116.1 121.8 126.0
107.6 112.5 117.2 122.7 126.5
5.7 4.6 4.2 4.7 3.1
103.8 107.1 111.7 115.8 120.6
105.2 108.7 113.4 117.6 121.4
105.9 109.4 113.8 118.3 122.3
106.5 110.5 114.9 119.2 122.7
4.9 3.8 4.0 3.7 2.9
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
127.6 132.1 136.0 140.0 144.5
129.0 132.7 136.6 140.9 145.4
129.6 133.4 137.4 141.6 146.2
130.2 133.5 138.6 142.5 147.0
2.9 2.5 3.8 2.8 3.2
123.8 128.0 131.6 134.7 139.1
125.2 128.6 132.2 135.7 139.9
125.7 129.3 132.9 136.6 140.9
126.3 129.7 133.7 137.9 141.6
2.9 2.7 3.1 3.1 2.7
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ...................................................................................................
149.4 155.6 163.0 169.6 175.4
150.5 157.6 164.3 171.7 178.1
152.2 158.0 165.1 172.8 179.1
153.1 159.4 165.7 173.7 180.3
4.1 4.1 4.0 4.8 3.8
143.2 148.3 154.3 157.9 161.7
144.1 149.6 155.1 159.6 163.7
145.7 149.8 155.9 160.4 164.6
146.5 151.2 155.9 160.7 165.5
3.5 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.0
Service Industries 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
105.0 110.8 115.3 120.1 124.4
106.5 111.5 116.4 120.9 124.9
108.1 113.1 117.8 122.3 125.9
109.3 114.0 118.9 123.1 126.6
6.2 4.3 4.3 3.5 2.8
104.2 109.5 113.2 117.0 120.8
105.7 110.0 114.0 117.6 121.3
107.1 111.5 115.2 118.9 122.2
108.3 112.2 116.1 119.6 123.0
5.7 3.6 3.5 3.0 2.8
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
127.5 130.7 134.6 139.3 143.5
128.2 131.7 135.7 140.3 144.6
128.9 132.7 137.0 141.8 146.1
129.4 133.4 138.5 142.7 147.6
2.2 3.1 3.8 3.0 3.4
123.9 127.6 131.8 137.2 142.2
124.4 128.7 133.0 138.3 143.2
125.3 129.7 134.7 140.0 144.5
126.0 130.5 136.2 140.8 146.0
2.4 3.6 4.4 3.4 3.7
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
149.4 156.5 162.6 167.1 173.5
151.2 157.8 163.7 168.4 175.1
152.9 160.0 164.9 170.4 176.9
154.1 161.0 165.4 171.4 177.9
4.4 4.5 2.7 3.6 3.8
147.4 153.8 159.5 162.8 168.1
149.1 155.0 160.3 164.0 169.3
150.6 157.1 161.5 165.9 171.1
151.8 158.2 161.7 166.7 172.0
4.0 4.2 2.2 3.1 3.2
Business Services 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
103.6 110.3 112.5 116.5 121.3
105.3 110.4 113.6 117.4 122.1
106.3 110.0 115.2 118.1 122.4
107.4 111.1 115.9 118.6 123.0
6.0 3.4 4.3 2.3 3.7
103.0 109.6 111.0 114.2 118.8
105.1 109.5 111.7 114.6 119.4
105.7 108.9 113.3 115.3 119.9
107.4 110.0 113.9 115.7 120.4
6.1 2.4 3.5 1.6 4.1
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
124.5 128.9 133.3 139.5 147.5
125.3 129.2 134.2 140.7 148.7
125.7 130.2 136.3 143.5 150.7
126.3 131.8 138.6 145.9 151.9
2.7 4.4 5.2 5.3 4.1
122.1 126.9 131.4 137.6 145.4
122.9 127.7 132.4 139.2 146.3
123.6 128.5 134.9 141.8 148.5
124.3 130.1 137.3 144.1 149.8
3.2 4.7 5.5 5.0 4.0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
154.2 160.5 166.3 168.5 174.8
156.3 163.0 166.6 169.2 176.9
157.5 165.2 167.2 171.9 178.5
158.4 166.2 167.5 172.6 179.1
4.3 4.9 0.8 3.0 3.8
152.0 158.2 164.0 165.6 171.0
154.1 160.8 164.0 166.4 172.7
155.3 162.8 164.6 169.1 174.3
156.0 163.7 164.8 169.8 175.0
4.1 4.9 0.7 3.0 3.1
Health Services 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
105.8 112.6 117.9 123.0 126.7
107.1 113.5 118.9 124.0 127.1
109.0 115.3 120.6 125.0 127.9
110.8 116.5 121.8 126.0 128.7
6.8 5.1 4.5 3.4 2.1
105.3 111.1 115.6 119.8 123.1
106.3 111.9 116.3 120.7 123.5
108.1 113.5 117.9 121.7 124.3
109.7 114.6 118.9 122.6 125.4
6.0 4.5 3.8 3.1 2.3
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
129.7 132.6 135.5 138.2 140.5
130.3 133.5 135.9 138.7 141.4
131.3 134.2 137.0 139.0 142.6
132.2 134.5 138.1 139.0 144.2
2.7 1.7 2.7 0.7 3.7
126.2 129.3 132.5 136.2 138.7
126.7 130.1 133.2 136.5 139.6
127.5 130.8 134.3 137.5 140.6
128.4 131.4 135.4 137.4 142.2
2.4 2.3 3.0 1.5 3.5
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
145.8 152.7 160.6 166.5 173.3
147.5 154.7 162.0 167.9 174.8
149.0 156.8 163.2 169.4 177.0
150.6 158.4 164.4 170.8 178.0
4.4 5.2 3.8 3.9 4.2
143.5 149.8 157.3 161.9 167.8
145.3 151.8 158.4 163.2 168.8
146.6 153.6 159.5 164.6 170.9
148.1 155.4 160.7 165.8 171.9
4.1 4.9 3.4 3.2 3.7
1Excludes
farm and household workers.
336
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 6-1. Employment Cost Index, Private Industry Workers 1, Total Compensation and Wages and Salaries by Occupation and Industry, 1990–2004—Continued (June 1989 = 100, not seasonally adjusted.) Total compensation
Wages and salaries
Indexes
Indexes
Series and year March
June
Percent change for 12 months September December ended December
March
June
Percent change for 12 months September December ended December
Hospitals 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
105.4 112.2 117.7 122.7 126.7
106.6 113.2 118.5 123.4 127.1
108.9 114.9 120.2 124.5 127.7
110.7 116.1 121.6 125.6 128.6
7.0 4.9 4.7 3.3 2.4
105.0 110.8 115.4 119.3 122.8
106.0 111.6 115.9 119.9 123.3
108.2 113.2 117.3 121.0 123.9
109.8 114.4 118.3 122.0 124.8
6.3 4.2 3.4 3.1 2.3
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
128.9 132.2 134.0 136.7 141.2
129.7 132.8 134.4 138.2 142.1
130.3 133.4 135.4 139.1 143.0
131.3 133.7 136.5 139.9 144.6
2.1 1.8 2.1 2.5 3.4
125.4 128.5 130.7 133.6 137.6
125.9 129.1 131.2 134.7 138.3
126.6 129.7 132.2 135.8 139.3
127.7 130.3 133.2 136.5 140.9
2.3 2.0 2.2 2.5 3.2
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
145.8 153.5 162.8 170.8 178.1
147.5 155.9 164.5 171.9 179.7
149.2 158.4 166.2 173.9 181.8
151.1 160.3 168.1 175.9 183.2
4.5 6.1 4.9 4.6 4.2
141.8 148.5 157.1 163.6 169.4
143.3 151.0 158.6 164.6 170.5
144.9 153.3 160.2 166.5 172.4
146.8 155.4 162.1 167.9 173.8
4.2 5.9 4.3 3.6 3.5
Nursing Homes 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
3.9 3.3
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
3.7 3.6
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
3.4 2.6 2.6 3.2 4.2
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
3.3 2.8 3.1 3.7 4.4
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
6.1 5.1 4.0 3.4 3.0
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
5.8 5.1 4.1 2.8 2.5
Educational Services 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
105.4 111.9 115.8 120.5 124.5
105.9 111.5 116.3 120.6 125.4
110.2 114.9 119.3 123.8 128.2
111.4 115.7 120.0 124.1 128.4
6.9 3.9 3.7 3.4 3.5
104.7 110.3 113.4 117.5 121.2
105.0 109.7 113.6 117.4 122.2
109.2 113.0 116.5 120.7 124.9
110.2 113.7 117.1 120.9 125.1
6.1 3.2 3.0 3.2 3.5
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
128.8 134.4 138.5 143.4 148.3
130.3 134.8 138.8 143.9 148.7
133.2 137.5 141.6 147.0 152.2
133.7 138.0 142.6 147.7 153.0
4.1 3.2 3.3 3.6 3.6
125.6 130.1 134.5 139.1 143.9
125.9 130.4 134.8 139.6 144.2
128.6 133.3 137.8 142.8 147.5
129.4 133.8 138.4 143.5 148.2
3.4 3.4 3.4 3.7 3.3
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
154.0 162.3 168.5 176.3 183.1
154.9 162.6 169.0 177.1 184.2
158.8 166.4 173.5 180.2 187.0
159.9 167.6 175.2 181.3 188.5
4.5 4.8 4.5 3.5 4.0
148.9 155.4 161.2 167.1 171.9
149.6 156.1 161.2 167.7 172.6
153.4 159.6 165.2 170.3 175.5
154.3 160.6 166.5 171.0 176.8
4.1 4.1 3.7 2.7 3.4
Colleges and Universities 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
105.2 111.3 116.8 121.5 125.7
105.7 112.0 117.4 121.5 126.0
109.8 115.5 120.3 125.0 128.5
110.6 116.3 120.8 125.3 128.8
6.6 5.2 3.9 3.7 2.8
104.4 109.6 114.2 118.0 122.0
104.8 110.2 114.5 117.7 122.2
108.7 113.7 117.3 121.3 124.5
109.3 114.2 117.6 121.6 124.9
5.4 4.5 3.0 3.4 2.7
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
129.3 135.9 139.5 144.3 149.2
131.3 136.2 139.9 144.8 149.6
134.6 138.6 142.5 147.8 152.6
135.2 139.1 143.7 148.5 153.3
5.0 2.9 3.3 3.3 3.2
125.5 130.6 134.6 139.1 144.1
125.9 130.9 135.0 139.7 144.4
129.0 133.4 137.8 142.8 147.2
130.1 133.8 138.7 143.6 147.9
4.2 2.8 3.7 3.5 3.0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
154.6 162.2 168.1 174.5 181.2
155.5 162.6 168.4 175.4 182.5
158.6 166.2 172.0 178.4 185.2
159.2 167.5 173.7 179.4 186.2
3.8 5.2 3.7 3.3 3.8
148.9 154.1 159.9 164.4 169.5
149.4 155.0 159.9 165.1 170.0
152.5 158.4 163.1 167.6 172.9
152.9 159.6 164.3 168.4 173.6
3.4 4.4 2.9 2.5 3.1
1Excludes farm and household workers. . . . = Not available.
COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES
337
Table 6-1. Employment Cost Index, Private Industry Workers 1, Total Compensation and Wages and Salaries by Occupation and Industry, 1990–2004—Continued (June 1989 = 100, not seasonally adjusted.) Total compensation
Wages and salaries
Indexes
Indexes
Series and year March
June
Percent change for 12 months September December ended December
March
June
Percent change for 12 months September December ended December
Nonmanufacturing Industries 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
103.8 108.5 112.7 116.3 120.3
105.1 109.7 113.5 117.2 121.2
106.2 110.9 114.4 118.4 122.3
106.9 111.5 115.1 119.0 122.6
4.5 4.3 3.2 3.4 3.0
103.2 107.3 110.7 113.4 116.8
104.5 108.4 111.3 114.2 117.7
105.4 109.3 111.9 115.4 118.7
106.1 109.8 112.6 116.0 119.1
3.8 3.5 2.6 3.0 2.7
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
123.7 127.2 131.1 136.0 140.3
124.6 128.2 132.1 137.2 142.0
125.5 129.1 133.3 138.9 143.4
125.9 129.8 134.7 139.7 144.5
2.7 3.1 3.8 3.7 3.4
120.0 123.9 128.2 133.4 137.9
120.9 125.1 129.3 134.7 139.7
121.9 125.9 130.7 136.5 141.0
122.5 126.8 132.1 137.4 142.1
2.9 3.5 4.2 4.0 3.4
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
146.7 153.1 159.3 164.9 170.9
148.4 154.7 161.1 166.4 172.5
150.0 156.3 162.0 168.1 173.9
151.1 157.6 162.5 169.0 174.7
4.6 4.3 3.1 4.0 3.4
143.9 149.5 155.0 159.4 163.7
145.5 150.9 156.5 160.5 164.8
146.9 152.2 157.2 162.1 166.2
147.9 153.5 157.5 162.6 166.6
4.1 3.8 2.6 3.2 2.5
Nonmanufacturing, White-Collar Occupations 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
104.1 109.1 113.4 117.0 121.1
105.5 110.4 114.1 117.9 122.1
106.7 111.5 114.9 119.0 123.1
107.4 112.1 115.7 119.9 123.5
4.7 4.4 3.2 3.6 3.0
103.6 108.0 111.6 114.4 117.9
105.0 109.2 112.1 115.2 118.9
106.1 110.2 112.8 116.4 119.7
106.7 110.6 113.5 117.2 120.2
4.1 3.7 2.6 3.3 2.6
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
124.7 128.5 132.7 137.9 142.3
125.6 129.5 133.6 139.2 144.1
126.5 130.5 134.9 141.1 145.6
127.0 131.1 136.5 142.0 146.9
2.8 3.2 4.1 4.0 3.5
121.1 125.4 129.9 135.5 140.1
122.1 126.6 131.0 136.8 142.0
123.1 127.6 132.4 138.9 143.5
123.8 128.3 134.1 139.8 144.7
3.0 3.6 4.5 4.3 3.5
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
149.2 155.8 162.2 168.0 174.1
151.0 157.5 164.1 169.3 175.7
152.6 159.0 164.8 171.2 177.2
153.7 160.5 165.3 172.1 178.0
4.6 4.4 3.0 4.1 3.4
146.5 152.3 158.0 162.8 167.5
148.2 153.8 159.6 163.9 168.6
149.6 155.0 160.2 165.7 170.1
150.6 156.4 160.5 166.3 170.5
4.1 3.9 2.6 3.6 2.5
Nonmanufacturing, White-Collar Occupations, Excluding Sales Occupations 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
104.3 109.5 114.1 118.5 122.8
105.6 110.6 114.9 119.4 123.6
107.0 112.1 116.0 120.4 124.7
108.0 112.9 116.9 121.4 125.1
5.6 4.5 3.5 3.8 3.0
103.8 108.5 112.3 115.8 119.4
105.0 109.4 113.0 116.6 120.2
106.3 110.7 113.9 117.6 121.3
107.2 111.5 114.6 118.5 121.8
5.1 4.0 2.8 3.4 2.8
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
126.4 130.0 134.0 139.3 143.7
127.1 130.8 135.1 140.5 145.3
128.0 132.1 136.2 142.0 146.8
128.6 132.5 137.9 142.7 148.1
2.8 3.0 4.1 3.5 3.8
122.9 126.9 131.2 136.9 141.6
123.5 127.8 132.4 138.1 143.2
124.4 129.2 133.8 139.8 144.6
125.4 129.6 135.5 140.3 145.9
3.0 3.3 4.6 3.5 4.0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
150.2 157.5 164.2 170.0 176.2
152.0 159.1 165.7 171.4 177.7
153.8 160.9 166.6 173.2 179.3
155.1 162.3 167.1 174.2 180.6
4.7 4.6 3.0 4.2 3.7
147.4 153.9 160.1 164.9 169.7
149.1 155.3 161.3 166.1 170.7
150.7 156.9 162.1 167.7 172.3
151.9 158.3 162.5 168.5 173.1
4.1 4.2 2.7 3.7 2.7
1Excludes
farm and household workers.
338
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 6-1. Employment Cost Index, Private Industry Workers 1, Total Compensation and Wages and Salaries by Occupation and Industry, 1990–2004—Continued (June 1989 = 100, not seasonally adjusted.) Total compensation
Wages and salaries
Indexes
Indexes
Series and year March
June
Percent change for 12 months September December ended December
March
June
Percent change for 12 months September December ended December
Nonmanufacturing, Blue-Collar Occupations 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
102.9 107.2 110.7 114.6 118.2
104.1 108.2 111.8 115.6 119.1
105.0 109.2 112.8 116.6 120.5
105.6 109.8 113.4 117.1 120.5
3.8 4.0 3.3 3.3 2.9
102.2 105.5 108.2 111.1 114.2
103.2 106.3 109.1 111.9 115.1
104.0 107.1 109.7 113.0 116.4
104.3 107.5 110.2 113.4 116.4
3.0 3.1 2.5 2.9 2.6
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
121.5 124.6 127.5 131.0 135.2
122.5 125.6 128.6 132.4 136.8
123.5 125.9 129.4 133.4 138.0
123.7 126.7 130.1 134.0 138.7
2.7 2.4 2.7 3.0 3.5
117.5 120.9 124.1 128.2 132.4
118.5 122.0 125.5 129.5 134.0
119.4 122.4 126.4 130.5 135.1
119.8 123.1 127.1 131.1 135.8
2.9 2.8 3.2 3.1 3.6
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
140.6 146.9 152.2 157.5 163.4
142.3 148.1 154.0 159.7 165.5
143.9 150.2 155.4 161.1 166.4
144.8 150.6 155.9 161.7 167.3
4.4 4.0 3.5 3.7 3.5
137.4 142.8 147.5 151.1 154.7
138.9 143.9 149.0 152.4 156.1
140.3 145.8 149.8 153.4 157.1
140.9 146.4 150.2 153.8 157.5
3.8 3.9 2.6 2.4 2.4
Nonmanufacturing, Service Occupations 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
103.9 108.4 113.4 116.8 120.2
105.0 109.9 114.1 117.7 120.7
105.8 111.7 115.2 118.6 121.3
107.4 112.5 115.7 119.1 122.4
4.9 4.7 2.8 2.9 2.8
103.2 107.1 111.3 113.4 116.3
104.3 108.4 111.7 114.1 116.7
105.0 110.0 112.6 114.8 117.3
106.5 110.7 112.9 115.1 118.6
4.1 3.9 2.0 1.9 3.0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
123.0 125.3 129.4 134.9 139.2
123.5 126.0 130.5 135.7 140.4
124.2 127.0 132.7 136.9 140.7
124.7 128.6 133.8 137.7 142.3
1.9 3.1 4.0 2.9 3.3
119.2 122.0 126.4 132.0 136.5
119.8 122.7 127.4 132.9 137.7
120.6 123.9 129.7 134.1 137.9
121.2 125.5 130.9 135.1 139.5
2.2 3.5 4.3 3.2 3.3
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
143.5 149.5 155.9 161.1 166.0
145.1 150.7 156.9 162.0 167.3
146.3 152.1 158.4 163.2 168.0
147.8 154.1 159.2 164.2 168.9
3.9 4.3 3.3 3.1 2.9
140.9 146.0 151.4 155.0 157.9
142.4 147.1 152.3 155.5 158.7
143.4 148.2 153.4 156.5 159.2
144.7 150.1 154.0 157.3 160.1
3.7 3.7 2.6 2.1 1.8
1Excludes
farm and household workers.
COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES
339
Table 6-2. Employment Cost Index, State and Local Government Workers, Total Compensation and Wages and Salaries by Occupation and Industry, 1990–2004 (June 1989 = 100, not seasonally adjusted.) Total compensation
Wages and salaries
Indexes
Indexes
Series and year March
June
Percent change for 12 months ended September December December
March
June
Percent change for 12 months ended September December December
WORKERS BY INDUSTRY, TOTAL State and Local Government Workers 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
105.8 111.8 115.2 119.3 122.6
106.5 112.0 115.7 119.6 123.1
109.4 113.9 117.9 121.4 125.0
110.4 114.4 118.6 121.9 125.6
5.8 3.6 3.7 2.8 3.0
105.1 110.6 113.8 117.2 120.4
105.7 110.9 114.2 117.4 120.7
108.6 112.8 115.9 119.3 122.8
109.4 113.2 116.6 119.7 123.4
5.3 3.5 3.0 2.7 3.1
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
126.4 129.9 133.2 136.5 140.5
126.9 130.2 133.3 136.9 141.0
128.7 131.9 135.0 139.0 143.1
129.3 132.7 135.7 139.8 144.6
2.9 2.6 2.3 3.0 3.4
124.3 127.8 131.4 135.1 139.0
124.6 128.1 131.5 135.4 139.6
126.6 130.1 133.6 137.6 142.2
127.3 130.9 134.4 138.5 143.5
3.2 2.8 2.7 3.1 3.6
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
145.5 150.3 156.1 162.6 168.0
145.9 151.2 156.7 163.2 168.7
147.8 154.3 160.1 165.9 171.5
148.9 155.2 161.5 166.8 172.6
3.0 4.2 4.1 3.3 3.5
144.3 149.3 154.4 159.2 162.5
144.7 150.1 154.9 159.7 162.8
147.2 153.0 157.7 161.3 164.5
148.3 153.7 158.6 161.9 165.3
3.3 3.6 3.2 2.1 2.1
White-Collar Occupations 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
106.1 112.2 115.4 119.5 122.6
106.7 112.3 115.8 119.6 122.9
109.9 114.2 118.1 121.5 124.9
110.9 114.6 118.9 121.9 125.5
6.0 3.3 3.8 2.5 3.0
105.5 111.0 114.0 117.5 120.6
106.0 111.2 114.3 117.6 120.9
109.2 113.1 116.2 119.6 122.9
109.9 113.5 116.9 119.9 123.6
5.5 3.3 3.0 2.6 3.1
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
126.2 129.6 132.9 136.1 139.8
126.6 129.9 133.0 136.2 140.2
128.6 131.8 134.8 138.4 142.6
129.1 132.5 135.5 139.3 144.0
2.9 2.6 2.3 2.8 3.4
124.4 127.9 131.4 135.0 138.9
124.6 128.2 131.5 135.2 139.3
126.8 130.3 133.7 137.6 142.1
127.4 131.1 134.5 138.5 143.4
3.1 2.9 2.6 3.0 3.5
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
144.9 149.5 155.2 161.7 166.8
145.3 150.4 155.7 162.2 167.5
147.3 153.7 159.3 164.9 170.0
148.3 154.4 160.7 165.7 171.2
3.0 4.1 4.1 3.1 3.3
144.1 149.0 153.9 158.9 162.1
144.5 149.8 154.4 159.2 162.4
147.1 152.7 157.4 161.0 164.1
148.0 153.3 158.4 161.5 164.9
3.2 3.6 3.3 2.0 2.1
Professional Specialty and Technical Occupations 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
106.4 112.3 115.5 119.6 122.5
107.0 112.4 116.0 119.7 122.7
110.3 114.5 118.5 121.7 125.0
111.2 115.0 119.2 122.0 125.5
6.2 3.4 3.7 2.3 2.9
105.8 111.5 114.5 118.1 121.1
106.3 111.7 114.8 118.2 121.3
109.8 113.8 117.0 120.4 123.6
110.6 114.2 117.6 120.7 124.2
5.9 3.3 3.0 2.6 2.9
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
126.0 129.1 132.5 135.6 138.8
126.3 129.5 132.5 135.6 139.3
128.4 131.6 134.6 137.7 142.0
128.8 132.3 135.1 138.5 143.2
2.6 2.7 2.1 2.5 3.4
124.8 128.3 131.9 135.5 138.9
125.0 128.6 132.0 135.6 139.4
127.4 131.1 134.4 137.9 142.5
128.0 131.7 135.1 138.7 143.6
3.1 2.9 2.6 2.7 3.5
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
144.1 148.4 153.6 160.2 165.1
144.5 149.2 154.1 160.8 165.6
146.6 152.8 158.1 163.4 168.4
147.4 153.2 159.4 164.1 169.4
2.9 3.9 4.0 2.9 3.2
144.3 149.1 153.6 158.8 162.1
144.7 149.8 154.1 159.1 162.3
147.4 153.0 157.5 161.0 164.4
148.2 153.4 158.4 161.4 165.0
3.2 3.5 3.3 1.9 2.2
Executive, Administrative, and Managerial Occupations 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
105.7 112.2 115.0 119.0 122.8
106.4 112.0 115.2 119.2 123.4
109.3 113.3 116.8 121.0 124.7
110.1 113.7 117.8 121.6 125.3
5.8 3.3 3.6 3.2 3.0
104.9 110.6 113.3 116.5 119.8
105.7 110.7 113.5 116.6 120.3
108.4 112.0 114.7 118.2 121.6
108.9 112.3 115.5 118.8 122.4
5.0 3.1 2.8 2.9 3.0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
126.9 130.7 134.1 137.5 142.6
127.4 131.0 134.4 137.9 142.8
129.1 132.0 135.6 140.4 144.5
129.9 132.9 136.4 141.6 146.1
3.7 2.3 2.6 3.8 3.2
124.1 127.7 131.3 135.1 140.1
124.3 128.0 131.7 135.6 140.5
126.0 129.3 133.1 138.0 142.7
126.9 130.2 134.1 139.3 144.3
3.7 2.6 3.0 3.9 3.6
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
147.0 152.4 159.5 165.3 170.1
147.2 153.7 159.8 165.7 171.0
149.2 156.4 162.3 168.0 172.1
150.7 157.6 163.8 169.1 174.3
3.1 4.6 3.9 3.2 3.1
144.9 150.1 156.6 160.9 163.5
145.1 151.5 156.8 161.0 163.8
147.3 153.9 159.0 162.5 164.3
148.8 155.1 160.1 163.3 166.1
3.1 4.2 3.2 2.0 1.7
WORKERS BY OCCUPATIONAL GROUP
340
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 6-2. Employment Cost Index, State and Local Government Workers, Total Compensation and Wages and Salaries by Occupation and Industry, 1990–2004—Continued (June 1989 = 100, not seasonally adjusted.) Total compensation
Wages and salaries
Indexes
Indexes
Series and year March
June
Percent change for 12 months ended September December December
March
June
Percent change for 12 months ended September December December
Administrative Support Occupations, Including Clerical Occupations 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
105.4 111.8 115.4 119.2 122.7
106.0 111.7 115.7 119.6 123.3
108.7 113.5 117.5 121.0 124.9
110.2 114.0 118.5 121.6 125.6
6.1 3.4 3.9 2.6 3.3
104.4 109.4 112.7 115.4 118.9
104.8 109.7 112.9 115.9 119.4
107.2 111.4 114.1 117.2 120.9
107.9 111.8 114.9 117.8 121.7
4.8 3.6 2.8 2.5 3.3
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
126.3 130.0 133.3 136.9 141.4
126.9 130.4 133.5 137.2 141.3
128.4 131.8 135.3 139.5 143.0
129.1 133.0 136.1 140.3 145.0
2.8 3.0 2.3 3.1 3.4
122.5 125.8 129.2 133.0 137.4
122.9 126.1 129.5 133.3 137.5
124.4 127.7 131.4 135.4 139.6
125.1 129.0 132.3 136.5 141.7
2.8 3.1 2.6 3.2 3.8
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
145.9 150.7 156.9 163.8 170.4
146.5 151.6 158.0 164.4 171.8
148.3 154.2 161.0 167.9 174.3
149.4 155.6 162.4 168.5 175.5
3.0 4.1 4.4 3.8 4.2
142.4 147.0 151.9 156.9 160.4
143.0 147.6 152.8 157.2 160.8
145.0 149.8 155.1 159.1 162.6
146.2 150.9 156.0 159.5 163.0
3.2 3.2 3.4 2.2 2.2
Blue-Collar Occupations 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
105.5 110.4 114.2 118.3 122.3
106.3 110.9 115.3 118.7 122.7
108.2 112.4 116.9 120.5 124.2
108.7 112.9 117.8 121.4 124.7
4.8 3.9 4.3 3.1 2.7
104.3 109.1 112.5 116.2 119.7
105.3 110.0 113.7 116.5 120.1
107.2 111.1 115.0 118.4 121.8
107.7 111.6 115.6 119.0 122.5
4.3 3.6 3.6 2.9 2.9
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
125.4 129.0 132.1 135.0 138.8
126.3 129.5 132.3 135.2 139.5
127.2 130.3 133.3 136.8 140.9
128.0 131.2 134.2 137.8 142.5
2.6 2.5 2.3 2.7 3.4
123.1 126.6 129.6 133.1 136.9
123.8 127.0 129.8 133.5 137.6
124.8 127.9 131.2 135.1 139.4
125.7 128.8 132.3 136.0 140.7
2.6 2.5 2.7 2.8 3.5
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
143.7 148.6 154.0 161.3 166.7
144.2 149.0 154.7 161.7 167.5
145.9 151.5 158.4 163.6 169.9
147.2 153.2 159.8 165.2 171.0
3.3 4.1 4.3 3.4 3.5
141.5 146.0 151.6 156.2 158.9
142.1 146.5 152.1 156.5 159.2
143.9 149.1 154.5 157.6 160.7
145.1 150.8 155.1 158.3 161.4
3.1 3.9 2.9 2.1 2.0
Service Occupations 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
104.8 111.0 115.0 119.1 123.1
105.3 111.3 115.6 119.7 123.9
108.1 113.4 117.4 121.4 126.0
109.2 114.0 118.0 122.1 126.6
5.4 4.4 3.5 3.5 3.7
103.9 109.3 113.2 116.3 119.7
104.2 110.1 113.7 117.1 120.4
106.7 112.0 114.9 118.3 122.7
107.6 112.7 115.5 118.9 123.3
4.6 4.7 2.5 2.9 3.7
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
127.6 131.9 135.6 139.4 144.3
128.8 132.3 135.6 141.0 145.3
130.1 133.6 137.0 143.0 146.7
131.0 134.5 137.8 143.4 148.6
3.5 2.7 2.5 4.1 3.6
124.6 128.1 132.4 136.5 141.1
125.2 128.6 132.4 137.2 142.1
126.6 130.1 134.2 139.2 144.1
127.3 131.0 135.2 140.0 145.7
3.2 2.9 3.2 3.6 4.1
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
149.5 155.3 161.5 168.0 174.5
149.7 156.5 162.4 168.9 175.3
151.5 159.0 165.2 172.0 179.4
152.9 160.5 166.3 173.0 180.5
2.9 5.0 3.6 4.0 4.3
146.4 152.8 158.3 162.7 166.7
146.6 153.7 159.2 163.8 167.0
149.6 156.1 160.6 164.9 168.5
151.2 157.4 161.2 165.8 169.4
3.8 4.1 2.4 2.9 2.2
Service Industries 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
106.1 112.4 115.8 120.0 123.1
106.8 112.6 116.2 120.2 123.4
110.2 114.8 118.8 122.2 125.6
111.3 115.3 119.6 122.6 126.1
6.3 3.6 3.7 2.5 2.9
105.5 111.3 114.4 118.1 121.1
106.0 111.5 114.7 118.2 121.3
109.5 113.7 116.9 120.3 123.6
110.3 114.1 117.5 120.6 124.2
5.8 3.4 3.0 2.6 3.0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
126.7 130.0 133.2 136.5 140.0
127.1 130.3 133.3 136.6 140.5
129.2 132.4 135.4 139.0 143.2
129.6 133.1 136.0 139.7 144.5
2.8 2.7 2.2 2.7 3.4
124.9 128.6 132.1 135.7 139.5
125.1 128.9 132.2 135.9 139.9
127.6 131.2 134.7 138.4 142.9
128.2 131.9 135.3 139.2 144.0
3.2 2.9 2.6 2.9 3.4
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
145.2 149.9 155.5 161.8 166.5
145.5 150.6 155.9 162.3 166.8
148.0 154.4 159.7 164.9 169.7
148.9 154.9 160.9 165.7 170.8
3.0 4.0 3.9 3.0 3.1
144.6 149.5 154.6 159.5 162.6
144.9 150.2 155.0 159.8 162.7
147.9 153.7 158.4 161.6 164.8
148.7 154.2 159.2 162.1 165.5
3.3 3.7 3.2 1.8 2.1
WORKERS BY INDUSTRY DIVISION
COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES
341
Table 6-2. Employment Cost Index, State and Local Government Workers, Total Compensation and Wages and Salaries by Occupation and Industry, 1990–2004—Continued (June 1989 = 100, not seasonally adjusted.) Total compensation
Wages and salaries
Indexes
Indexes
Series and year March
June
Percent change for 12 months ended September December December
March
June
Percent change for 12 months ended September December December
Service Industries, Excluding Schools 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
105.4 112.2 115.1 119.6 122.8
106.4 111.7 115.6 120.0 123.3
108.8 113.7 117.5 121.4 124.9
110.2 114.4 118.6 121.9 125.6
6.8 3.8 3.7 2.8 3.0
105.4 111.4 114.8 118.4 121.3
106.4 111.4 115.2 118.7 121.9
108.8 113.5 116.4 120.1 123.2
109.6 114.2 117.4 120.4 124.0
6.4 4.2 2.8 2.6 3.0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
126.4 130.3 132.5 136.1 139.6
127.7 130.8 132.9 136.2 140.3
128.9 131.9 134.4 138.7 142.6
129.4 132.0 135.3 138.8 143.8
3.0 2.0 2.5 2.6 3.6
125.0 128.2 131.2 135.4 139.0
125.5 128.7 131.6 135.5 139.6
126.9 130.1 133.3 137.8 142.1
127.4 130.5 134.4 138.2 143.2
2.7 2.4 3.0 2.8 3.6
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
145.2 150.1 157.9 164.0 169.4
145.8 151.9 158.7 164.2 170.1
147.6 154.5 161.0 166.8 173.0
148.8 156.1 162.8 168.2 173.8
3.5 4.9 4.3 3.3 3.3
144.3 149.1 156.7 161.4 165.1
144.8 150.7 157.3 161.8 165.6
146.7 153.2 159.1 163.2 167.5
147.9 154.9 160.3 164.5 168.3
3.3 4.7 3.5 2.6 2.3
Health Services 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
106.2 112.6 115.9 120.2 124.2
106.9 112.2 116.8 120.7 125.2
109.9 113.9 118.6 122.2 127.2
111.1 114.9 119.4 123.1 127.7
6.6 3.4 3.9 3.1 3.7
105.5 111.1 114.9 118.1 121.9
106.1 111.7 115.7 118.8 122.9
108.9 113.0 116.7 120.4 124.7
109.7 114.0 117.4 121.0 125.3
5.8 3.9 3.0 3.1 3.6
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
128.4 132.5 134.5 137.9 141.2
129.8 133.1 134.9 138.0 142.0
131.0 134.0 136.0 140.3 144.2
131.6 134.1 137.2 140.7 145.8
3.1 1.9 2.3 2.6 3.6
126.0 129.3 132.1 136.3 139.7
126.6 129.9 132.6 136.5 140.4
127.9 131.1 133.9 138.7 142.8
128.6 131.4 135.3 139.2 144.2
2.6 2.2 3.0 2.9 3.6
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
147.3 152.1 160.4 166.4 172.2
147.9 154.4 161.4 166.7 172.9
150.0 157.1 163.5 169.5 175.7
151.6 158.6 165.5 171.0 176.8
4.0 4.6 4.4 3.3 3.4
145.3 149.9 157.8 162.9 167.4
145.7 151.9 158.8 163.5 167.8
147.7 154.2 160.5 165.1 169.6
149.3 155.8 162.2 166.7 170.7
3.5 4.4 4.1 2.8 2.4
Hospitals 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
106.0 112.2 115.9 120.0 123.7
107.0 112.1 116.7 120.4 124.5
109.8 114.1 118.6 122.0 127.0
111.4 115.2 119.4 123.3 127.7
6.6 3.4 3.6 3.3 3.6
105.0 110.7 114.5 117.6 121.2
105.9 111.3 115.2 118.2 122.0
108.6 112.9 116.5 119.9 124.2
109.8 114.1 117.1 120.7 125.1
5.8 3.9 2.6 3.1 3.6
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
128.4 132.6 134.8 138.4 141.7
129.9 133.2 135.2 138.4 142.7
131.1 134.2 136.3 140.7 144.8
131.7 134.3 137.6 141.2 146.3
3.1 2.0 2.5 2.6 3.6
125.8 129.1 131.9 136.3 139.7
126.3 129.7 132.4 136.5 140.6
127.6 130.9 133.7 138.6 142.8
128.4 131.3 135.2 139.1 144.1
2.6 2.3 3.0 2.9 3.6
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
147.9 152.2 160.7 167.0 172.4
148.4 154.7 161.8 167.3 173.2
150.7 157.4 164.1 170.3 176.3
152.0 159.1 166.2 171.4 177.4
3.9 4.7 4.5 3.1 3.5
145.3 149.5 157.7 163.1 167.4
145.6 151.8 158.8 163.8 167.9
147.7 154.2 160.6 165.5 169.9
149.2 155.7 162.5 166.7 171.0
3.5 4.4 4.4 2.6 2.6
Educational Services 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
106.2 112.4 115.7 120.0 122.9
106.8 112.6 116.1 120.1 123.1
110.3 114.9 118.9 122.3 125.5
111.4 115.3 119.7 122.7 126.0
6.2 3.5 3.8 2.5 2.7
105.5 111.3 114.3 118.0 120.9
106.0 111.5 114.6 118.1 121.1
109.7 113.8 116.9 120.3 123.6
110.5 114.1 117.6 120.6 124.2
5.7 3.3 3.1 2.6 3.0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
126.5 129.7 133.1 136.3 139.9
126.8 130.0 133.2 136.5 140.3
129.0 132.3 135.4 138.8 143.1
129.4 133.0 135.9 139.6 144.4
2.7 2.8 2.2 2.7 3.4
124.8 128.5 132.1 135.7 139.5
124.9 128.8 132.2 135.8 139.8
127.7 131.3 134.8 138.4 142.9
128.3 132.0 135.3 139.3 144.0
3.3 2.9 2.5 3.0 3.4
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
145.0 149.6 154.8 161.1 165.7
145.2 150.1 155.1 161.7 165.9
147.9 154.1 159.2 164.3 168.8
148.7 154.5 160.3 165.0 169.9
3.0 3.9 3.8 2.9 3.0
144.5 149.5 154.2 159.1 162.0
144.8 150.0 154.5 159.3 162.1
148.0 153.6 158.1 161.2 164.2
148.7 154.0 158.9 161.6 164.9
3.3 3.6 3.2 1.7 2.0
342
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 6-2. Employment Cost Index, State and Local Government Workers, Total Compensation and Wages and Salaries by Occupation and Industry, 1990–2004—Continued (June 1989 = 100, not seasonally adjusted.) Total compensation
Wages and salaries
Indexes
Indexes
Series and year March
June
Percent change for 12 months ended September December December
March
June
Percent change for 12 months ended September December December
Schools 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
106.4 112.5 116.0 120.2 123.2
106.9 112.9 116.4 120.3 123.4
110.6 115.2 119.2 122.5 125.9
111.6 115.6 119.9 122.9 126.3
6.0 3.6 3.7 2.5 2.8
105.5 111.2 114.3 117.9 121.0
105.9 111.5 114.6 118.0 121.2
109.7 113.7 117.0 120.3 123.8
110.5 114.0 117.5 120.7 124.3
5.5 3.2 3.1 2.7 3.0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
126.8 130.0 133.4 136.6 140.2
127.1 130.3 133.5 136.7 140.6
129.4 132.6 135.7 139.1 143.5
129.8 133.4 136.2 139.9 144.7
2.8 2.8 2.1 2.7 3.4
125.0 128.7 132.2 135.8 139.6
125.1 128.9 132.3 136.0 140.0
127.8 131.4 134.9 138.5 143.1
128.4 132.2 135.5 139.5 144.2
3.3 3.0 2.5 3.0 3.4
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
145.3 149.9 155.1 161.4 166.0
145.5 150.5 155.4 162.0 166.3
148.2 154.4 159.6 164.7 169.2
149.0 154.8 160.7 165.3 170.3
3.0 3.9 3.8 2.9 3.0
144.7 149.7 154.3 159.2 162.1
144.9 150.2 154.6 159.5 162.3
148.1 153.8 158.3 161.4 164.3
148.9 154.1 159.0 161.8 165.0
3.3 3.5 3.2 1.8 2.0
Elementary and Secondary Schools 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
106.5 112.9 116.6 120.7 123.7
107.1 113.0 117.1 120.8 123.8
111.1 115.7 119.9 123.0 126.3
112.1 116.2 120.7 123.6 126.5
6.3 3.7 3.9 2.4 2.3
105.5 111.6 114.9 118.7 121.7
105.9 111.7 115.3 118.8 121.8
110.1 114.3 117.9 121.1 124.5
110.9 114.7 118.5 121.6 124.9
5.7 3.4 3.3 2.6 2.7
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
127.1 130.2 133.1 136.1 139.6
127.4 130.5 133.3 136.2 140.0
129.8 132.6 135.5 138.8 142.9
130.1 133.1 135.8 139.3 144.1
2.8 2.3 2.0 2.6 3.4
125.5 129.3 132.4 136.0 139.5
125.8 129.5 132.6 136.1 139.9
128.7 132.0 135.3 138.7 143.1
129.2 132.4 135.7 139.3 144.1
3.4 2.5 2.5 2.7 3.4
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
144.5 148.5 153.4 159.4 164.4
144.7 149.0 153.6 160.0 164.6
147.3 152.8 157.7 163.0 168.0
148.1 153.1 158.8 163.7 169.2
2.8 3.4 3.7 3.1 3.4
144.5 149.0 153.4 158.2 161.3
144.6 149.5 153.6 158.5 161.5
147.9 152.8 157.4 160.6 163.8
148.5 153.1 158.1 160.9 164.5
3.1 3.1 3.3 1.8 2.2
Colleges and Universities 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
106.1 111.3 114.0 118.4 121.5
106.3 112.5 114.1 118.5 122.0
109.2 113.4 116.9 120.8 124.5
110.2 113.5 117.2 120.7 125.5
5.3 3.0 3.3 3.0 4.0
105.6 110.2 112.3 115.5 118.6
105.9 111.0 112.3 115.6 119.2
108.4 112.0 114.1 117.8 121.5
109.2 112.0 114.3 117.7 122.5
4.9 2.6 2.1 3.0 4.1
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
126.0 129.4 134.3 137.9 141.7
126.1 129.9 134.1 138.1 142.1
128.0 132.5 136.3 140.1 144.8
128.7 134.0 137.2 141.5 146.5
2.5 4.1 2.4 3.1 3.5
123.2 126.8 131.5 135.2 139.6
122.9 127.1 131.4 135.5 139.8
125.0 129.8 133.6 137.7 142.6
125.9 131.2 134.6 139.6 144.4
2.8 4.2 2.6 3.7 3.4
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
147.4 153.7 160.0 167.0 170.7
147.6 154.3 160.4 167.5 171.0
150.5 159.0 164.7 169.2 172.4
151.7 159.6 165.8 170.0 173.2
3.5 5.2 3.9 2.5 1.9
144.9 151.4 156.8 162.1 164.3
145.6 151.8 157.3 162.1 164.4
148.3 156.5 160.7 163.5 165.4
149.5 156.7 161.6 164.0 166.3
3.5 4.8 3.1 1.5 1.4
Public Administration 1 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
105.1 110.8 114.0 117.6 121.5
105.5 110.9 114.6 118.0 122.2
107.8 112.2 115.8 119.3 123.7
108.7 112.6 116.3 120.0 124.2
5.3 3.6 3.3 3.2 3.5
104.3 109.1 111.9 114.4 117.9
104.6 109.5 112.4 114.9 118.5
106.5 110.6 113.1 115.9 119.9
107.3 110.9 113.6 116.6 120.6
4.4 3.4 2.4 2.6 3.4
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
125.4 129.2 133.0 136.4 140.8
126.1 129.6 133.0 137.4 141.5
127.4 130.7 134.1 138.9 142.4
128.3 131.8 135.1 139.9 144.4
3.3 2.7 2.5 3.6 3.2
121.9 124.9 128.9 132.7 136.9
122.3 125.3 129.0 133.2 137.8
123.2 126.6 130.3 134.8 139.5
124.1 127.7 131.4 135.9 141.5
2.9 2.9 2.9 3.4 4.1
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
145.7 150.6 156.5 163.4 170.1
146.1 151.9 157.5 164.3 171.4
146.9 153.8 160.2 167.3 174.1
148.3 155.2 161.7 168.1 175.4
2.7 4.7 4.2 4.0 4.3
142.5 147.6 152.5 157.2 161.1
142.9 148.7 153.4 158.0 161.4
144.6 150.3 154.8 159.4 162.6
146.1 151.6 155.8 160.0 163.5
3.3 3.8 2.8 2.7 2.2
1Includes
executive, legislative, judicial, administrative, and regulatory activities of state and local governments, SICs 91 through 96.
COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES
343
Table 6-3. Employment Cost Index, Benefits, by Occupation, Industry, and Bargaining Status, 1990–2004 (June 1989 = 100, not seasonally adjusted.) Indexes
Percent change for 12 months ended December
Series and year March
June
September
December
Civilian Workers 1 1990 ................................................................................... 1991 ................................................................................... 1992 ................................................................................... 1993 ................................................................................... 1994 ...................................................................................
105.9 112.2 118.6 125.0 130.1
107.2 113.6 119.6 126.2 131.0
108.9 115.4 121.4 127.4 132.3
110.1 116.3 122.5 128.1 132.5
6.7 5.6 5.3 4.6 3.4
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................... ................................................................................... ................................................................................... ................................................................................... ...................................................................................
133.8 136.2 138.9 142.0 145.3
134.5 136.9 139.6 143.0 146.6
135.2 137.7 140.3 144.0 147.9
135.5 138.2 141.1 144.7 149.5
2.3 2.0 2.1 2.6 3.3
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
................................................................................... ................................................................................... ................................................................................... ................................................................................... ...................................................................................
152.6 159.7 167.5 177.8 190.0
154.3 161.3 169.4 180.0 192.9
155.8 163.7 171.7 182.8 195.2
156.9 165.1 173.3 184.3 197.0
4.9 5.2 5.0 6.3 6.9
State and Local Government 1990 ................................................................................... 1991 ................................................................................... 1992 ................................................................................... 1993 ................................................................................... 1994 ...................................................................................
107.5 114.6 118.5 124.2 127.9
108.3 114.4 119.3 124.5 128.5
111.3 116.4 122.3 126.2 130.3
112.7 117.1 123.4 127.0 130.5
7.0 3.9 5.4 2.9 2.8
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................... ................................................................................... ................................................................................... ................................................................................... ...................................................................................
131.1 134.7 137.4 139.7 143.6
132.2 135.1 137.4 140.3 144.0
133.6 136.1 138.2 142.1 145.0
133.9 136.8 138.6 142.7 146.7
2.6 2.2 1.3 3.0 2.8
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
................................................................................... ................................................................................... ................................................................................... ................................................................................... ...................................................................................
148.2 152.3 159.9 170.5 181.1
148.5 153.5 160.6 171.6 183.0
149.0 157.3 165.8 176.9 188.3
150.2 158.4 168.2 178.5 190.4
2.4 5.5 6.2 6.1 6.7
Private Industry 2 1990 ................................................................................... 1991 ................................................................................... 1992 ................................................................................... 1993 ................................................................................... 1994 ...................................................................................
105.5 111.6 118.6 125.2 130.7
106.9 113.5 119.7 126.7 131.7
108.3 115.2 121.2 127.7 132.8
109.4 116.2 122.2 128.3 133.0
6.6 6.2 5.2 5.0 3.7
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................... ................................................................................... ................................................................................... ................................................................................... ...................................................................................
134.5 136.6 139.4 142.6 145.8
135.1 137.4 140.1 143.7 147.3
135.6 138.1 140.8 144.5 148.6
135.9 138.6 141.8 145.2 150.2
2.2 2.0 2.3 2.4 3.4
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
................................................................................... ................................................................................... ................................................................................... ................................................................................... ...................................................................................
153.8 161.5 169.3 179.6 192.2
155.7 163.2 171.6 182.0 195.3
157.5 165.2 173.1 184.3 196.9
158.6 166.7 174.6 185.8 198.7
5.6 5.1 4.7 6.4 6.9
White-Collar Occupations 1990 ................................................................................... 1991 ................................................................................... 1992 ................................................................................... 1993 ................................................................................... 1994 ...................................................................................
105.6 112.1 118.4 124.7 130.5
107.1 113.8 119.4 125.9 131.6
108.6 115.3 121.0 126.8 132.8
109.7 116.4 122.0 127.6 133.3
6.9 6.1 4.8 4.6 4.5
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................... ................................................................................... ................................................................................... ................................................................................... ...................................................................................
135.2 137.7 140.8 144.7 147.9
136.0 138.4 141.5 145.6 149.4
136.6 139.5 142.0 146.6 151.0
136.7 139.7 143.4 147.4 152.5
2.6 2.2 2.6 2.8 3.5
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
................................................................................... ................................................................................... ................................................................................... ................................................................................... ...................................................................................
156.3 165.2 173.5 183.6 194.4
158.5 167.4 176.1 185.5 197.4
160.4 169.5 177.2 187.7 199.1
161.5 171.2 178.5 189.2 201.1
5.9 6.0 4.3 6.0 6.3
1Includes private industry and state and local 2Excludes farm and household workers.
government workers and excludes farm, household, and federal government workers.
344
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 6-3. Employment Cost Index, Benefits, by Occupation, Industry, and Bargaining Status, 1990–2004—Continued (June 1989 = 100, not seasonally adjusted.) Indexes
Percent change for 12 months ended December
Series and year March
June
September
December
Blue-Collar Occupations 1990 ................................................................................... 1991 ................................................................................... 1992 ................................................................................... 1993 ................................................................................... 1994 ...................................................................................
105.2 111.0 118.7 125.5 130.5
106.6 112.8 119.7 127.3 131.5
107.9 114.9 121.2 128.4 132.7
109.0 115.7 122.2 128.9 132.5
6.2 6.1 5.6 5.5 2.8
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................... ................................................................................... ................................................................................... ................................................................................... ...................................................................................
133.3 135.2 137.2 139.1 142.2
133.6 136.1 138.0 140.4 143.6
134.1 136.2 138.8 141.0 144.8
134.7 137.0 139.0 141.6 146.2
1.7 1.7 1.5 1.9 3.2
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
................................................................................... ................................................................................... ................................................................................... ................................................................................... ...................................................................................
150.0 155.7 162.2 172.7 188.3
151.6 156.2 164.0 176.1 191.8
153.1 158.3 166.2 178.4 193.3
154.1 159.2 167.8 179.9 194.9
5.4 3.3 5.4 7.2 8.3
Service Occupations 1990 ................................................................................... 1991 ................................................................................... 1992 ................................................................................... 1993 ................................................................................... 1994 ...................................................................................
106.0 112.3 120.0 127.7 132.9
107.0 114.5 121.6 129.3 133.1
108.1 116.5 123.7 130.5 134.2
109.9 117.8 124.6 131.5 134.7
6.7 7.2 5.8 5.5 2.4
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................... ................................................................................... ................................................................................... ................................................................................... ...................................................................................
135.0 135.7 138.3 143.3 146.3
135.6 136.3 139.6 143.7 147.6
135.7 136.2 141.4 144.7 148.4
136.0 137.4 142.0 144.8 149.9
1.0 1.0 3.3 2.0 3.5
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
................................................................................... ................................................................................... ................................................................................... ................................................................................... ...................................................................................
150.8 159.5 168.9 180.2 193.4
152.7 161.1 170.4 182.1 196.1
154.4 163.2 173.4 184.1 197.5
156.4 166.0 174.9 186.4 198.2
4.3 6.1 5.4 6.6 6.3
Goods-Producing Industries 3 1990 ................................................................................... 1991 ................................................................................... 1992 ................................................................................... 1993 ................................................................................... 1994 ...................................................................................
105.7 111.9 119.7 127.3 132.7
107.2 113.9 120.6 129.0 133.9
108.7 115.8 122.3 130.0 134.8
109.9 116.7 123.4 130.3 134.8
7.1 6.2 5.7 5.6 3.5
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................... ................................................................................... ................................................................................... ................................................................................... ...................................................................................
135.9 137.7 139.9 141.5 144.3
135.9 138.6 140.9 142.5 145.2
136.2 138.8 141.5 143.0 146.3
137.1 139.7 141.5 143.2 148.2
1.7 1.9 1.3 1.2 3.4
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
................................................................................... ................................................................................... ................................................................................... ................................................................................... ...................................................................................
152.3 158.5 165.8 178.0 193.7
154.2 159.6 167.4 180.2 196.2
155.7 160.8 168.8 182.3 198.1
156.2 162.6 171.0 183.8 201.2
5.4 4.1 5.2 7.5 9.5
Manufacturing 1990 ................................................................................... 1991 ................................................................................... 1992 ................................................................................... 1993 ................................................................................... 1994 ...................................................................................
105.5 111.2 119.3 126.8 132.0
106.9 113.3 120.1 128.6 133.0
108.4 115.3 121.5 129.7 133.9
109.5 116.1 122.6 130.0 134.3
7.0 6.0 5.6 6.0 3.3
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................... ................................................................................... ................................................................................... ................................................................................... ...................................................................................
135.4 137.5 139.9 141.7 143.6
135.2 138.5 141.0 142.4 144.5
135.5 138.8 141.4 142.6 145.7
136.7 139.8 141.7 142.7 147.8
1.8 2.3 1.4 0.7 3.4
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
................................................................................... ................................................................................... ................................................................................... ................................................................................... ...................................................................................
152.3 157.1 163.7 176.9 194.4
153.9 157.9 165.5 179.0 196.9
154.9 158.5 166.8 181.1 199.2
154.8 160.4 168.9 182.3 200.4
4.7 3.6 5.3 7.9 9.9
3Includes
mining, construction, and manufacturing.
COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES
345
Table 6-3. Employment Cost Index, Benefits, by Occupation, Industry, and Bargaining Status, 1990–2004—Continued (June 1989 = 100, not seasonally adjusted.) Indexes
Percent change for 12 months ended December
Series and year March
June
September
December
Aircraft Manufacturing (SIC 3721) 1990 ................................................................................... 1991 ................................................................................... 1992 ................................................................................... 1993 ................................................................................... 1994 ...................................................................................
110.1 114.2 124.1 137.6 134.4
111.4 116.0 127.3 137.0 135.3
114.5 117.7 128.9 140.1 138.7
111.9 119.7 135.1 133.1 138.4
5.1 7.0 12.9 -1.5 4.0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................... ................................................................................... ................................................................................... ................................................................................... ...................................................................................
141.0 154.2 148.6 141.7 142.6
140.8 155.4 148.8 143.1 144.3
140.5 154.8 147.6 143.8 145.6
146.1 151.6 143.0 145.3 153.9
5.6 3.8 -5.7 1.6 5.9
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
................................................................................... ................................................................................... ................................................................................... ................................................................................... ...................................................................................
161.9 171.4 180.7 220.4 260.6
166.6 171.7 182.6 220.3 264.0
168.7 168.2 182.6 221.4 265.2
163.1 174.4 192.4 213.4 266.0
6.0 6.9 10.3 10.9 24.6
Aircraft Manufacturing (SIC 3721), White-Collar Occupations 1990 ................................................................................... 1991 ................................................................................... 1992 ................................................................................... 1993 ................................................................................... 1994 ...................................................................................
109.9 113.1 124.0 136.2 133.5
110.9 115.1 127.5 135.4 134.7
114.3 116.4 128.4 138.7 138.0
111.2 119.2 133.0 132.5 137.3
5.2 7.2 11.6 -0.4 3.6
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................... ................................................................................... ................................................................................... ................................................................................... ...................................................................................
140.1 152.0 146.8 142.9 141.3
140.2 152.9 147.3 145.0 142.7
139.9 152.1 146.8 145.5 142.9
142.5 150.9 144.8 143.9 147.6
3.8 5.9 -4.0 -0.6 2.6
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
................................................................................... ................................................................................... ................................................................................... ................................................................................... ...................................................................................
156.8 175.0 180.7 219.7 264.0
163.6 174.2 182.6 218.3 265.3
165.4 168.9 182.2 218.7 265.9
162.8 175.0 187.0 216.3 265.9
10.3 7.5 6.9 15.7 22.9
Aircraft Manufacturing (SIC 3721), Blue-Collar Occupations 1990 ................................................................................... 1991 ................................................................................... 1992 ................................................................................... 1993 ................................................................................... 1994 ...................................................................................
110.5 115.5 124.2 139.3 135.0
112.2 117.1 127.2 139.0 135.6
114.6 119.3 129.5 141.9 139.0
112.8 120.4 137.7 133.5 139.2
5.0 6.7 14.4 -3.1 4.3
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................... ................................................................................... ................................................................................... ................................................................................... ...................................................................................
141.6 156.7 150.9 139.0 144.2
140.9 158.4 150.4 139.5 146.3
140.6 158.4 148.2 140.7 149.5
150.8 152.2 139.6 146.6 163.0
8.3 0.9 -8.3 5.0 11.2
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
................................................................................... ................................................................................... ................................................................................... ................................................................................... ...................................................................................
169.2 165.0 179.5 220.1 253.1
170.5 166.7 181.4 221.8 259.9
173.3 166.1 181.8 224.0 262.9
162.7 172.4 199.3 207.5 264.9
-0.2 6.0 15.6 4.1 27.7
Service-Producing Industries 4 1990 ................................................................................... 1991 ................................................................................... 1992 ................................................................................... 1993 ................................................................................... 1994 ...................................................................................
105.3 111.4 117.7 123.4 128.9
106.6 113.0 118.8 124.6 129.7
107.9 114.6 120.4 125.7 131.2
109.0 115.7 121.2 126.7 131.5
6.2 6.1 4.8 4.5 3.8
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................... ................................................................................... ................................................................................... ................................................................................... ...................................................................................
133.2 135.5 138.5 142.7 146.1
134.1 136.2 139.2 143.8 147.9
134.8 137.2 139.8 144.9 149.4
134.7 137.4 141.4 145.7 150.7
2.4 2.0 2.9 3.0 3.4
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
................................................................................... ................................................................................... ................................................................................... ................................................................................... ...................................................................................
154.0 162.6 170.7 179.9 190.6
156.0 164.6 173.3 182.3 194.1
157.9 167.1 174.9 184.7 195.5
159.4 168.4 175.9 186.2 196.5
5.8 5.6 4.5 5.9 5.5
4Includes
transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries.
346
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 6-3. Employment Cost Index, Benefits, by Occupation, Industry, and Bargaining Status, 1990–2004—Continued (June 1989 = 100, not seasonally adjusted.) Indexes
Percent change for 12 months ended December
Series and year March
June
September
December
Nonmanufacturing Industries 1990 ................................................................................... 1991 ................................................................................... 1992 ................................................................................... 1993 ................................................................................... 1994 ...................................................................................
105.4 111.9 118.2 124.2 129.9
106.9 113.5 119.4 125.5 130.8
108.2 115.1 121.0 126.5 132.2
109.3 116.2 122.0 127.4 132.3
6.3 6.3 5.0 4.4 3.8
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................... ................................................................................... ................................................................................... ................................................................................... ...................................................................................
133.9 136.0 138.9 142.7 146.3
134.7 136.7 139.5 143.9 148.0
135.4 137.5 140.2 145.0 149.4
135.3 137.9 141.5 145.8 150.7
2.3 1.9 2.6 3.0 3.4
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
................................................................................... ................................................................................... ................................................................................... ................................................................................... ...................................................................................
154.0 162.9 171.1 180.3 190.9
156.1 164.9 173.5 182.8 194.3
158.1 167.4 175.2 185.1 195.7
159.7 168.8 176.3 186.7 197.6
6.0 5.7 4.4 5.9 5.8
Union Workers 1990 ................................................................................... 1991 ................................................................................... 1992 ................................................................................... 1993 ................................................................................... 1994 ...................................................................................
104.6 110.1 119.2 126.6 131.9
105.6 112.1 120.0 128.5 132.9
106.7 113.9 121.7 129.7 133.3
108.2 115.2 122.5 130.6 133.7
6.0 6.5 6.3 6.6 2.4
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................... ................................................................................... ................................................................................... ................................................................................... ...................................................................................
134.8 139.1 140.2 142.1 145.8
135.5 140.0 140.9 143.8 146.9
136.6 139.9 142.2 145.0 148.3
138.0 140.7 142.0 145.5 149.7
3.2 2.0 0.9 2.5 2.8
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
................................................................................... ................................................................................... ................................................................................... ................................................................................... ...................................................................................
153.7 158.5 166.5 178.7 198.8
155.5 160.1 168.1 182.7 203.3
157.4 161.9 170.8 185.4 205.0
157.5 163.4 172.7 187.1 206.4
5.2 3.7 5.7 8.3 10.3
Nonunion Workers 1990 ................................................................................... 1991 ................................................................................... 1992 ................................................................................... 1993 ................................................................................... 1994 ...................................................................................
105.8 112.3 118.4 124.6 130.1
107.4 114.0 119.5 125.9 131.1
108.9 115.7 121.0 126.9 132.6
109.9 116.6 122.1 127.4 132.7
6.8 6.1 4.7 4.3 4.2
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
................................................................................... ................................................................................... ................................................................................... ................................................................................... ...................................................................................
134.2 135.8 138.9 142.5 145.6
134.8 136.5 139.7 143.4 147.1
135.2 137.4 140.2 144.2 148.5
135.1 137.8 141.5 144.9 150.0
1.8 2.0 2.7 2.4 3.5
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
................................................................................... ................................................................................... ................................................................................... ................................................................................... ...................................................................................
153.6 162.0 169.7 179.5 190.2
155.5 163.7 172.1 181.5 193.0
157.3 165.8 173.4 183.7 194.6
158.6 167.2 174.7 185.1 196.5
5.7 5.4 4.5 6.0 6.2
COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES
347
Table 6-4. Employment Cost Index, Private Industry Workers 1, Total Compensation and Wages and Salaries by Bargaining Status, Industry, Region 2, and Area Size, 1990–2004 (June 1989 = 100, not seasonally adjusted.) Total compensation
Wages and salaries
Indexes
Indexes
Series and year March
June
Percent change for 12 months ended September December December
March
June
Percent change for 12 months ended September December December
WORKERS BY BARGAINING STATUS Union Workers 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
103.3 107.5 113.1 117.8 121.9
104.1 108.8 114.0 119.1 123.0
105.1 110.1 115.2 120.0 123.8
106.2 111.1 115.9 120.9 124.2
4.3 4.6 4.3 4.3 2.7
102.6 106.2 109.8 113.1 116.5
103.3 107.1 110.8 113.9 117.6
104.2 108.0 111.7 114.8 118.6
105.1 108.9 112.3 115.7 119.1
3.4 3.6 3.1 3.0 2.9
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
125.1 128.5 131.0 134.0 138.0
125.8 129.7 131.8 135.3 139.0
126.8 130.1 133.2 136.8 140.2
127.7 130.8 133.5 137.5 141.2
2.8 2.4 2.1 3.0 2.7
119.8 122.8 126.0 129.6 133.6
120.6 124.2 126.9 130.7 134.7
121.5 124.8 128.3 132.4 135.7
122.2 125.4 128.9 133.1 136.5
2.6 2.6 2.8 3.3 2.6
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
143.0 147.9 154.8 162.1 171.4
144.4 149.5 156.3 164.1 173.9
146.1 151.0 158.1 165.7 175.3
146.9 153.1 159.5 166.8 176.2
4.0 4.2 4.2 4.6 5.6
137.2 142.1 148.4 153.3 157.2
138.5 143.7 149.8 154.3 158.7
140.0 145.1 151.3 155.3 160.0
141.2 147.4 152.5 156.2 160.6
3.4 4.4 3.5 2.4 2.8
Union Workers, Blue-Collar Occupations 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
103.0 107.4 112.9 117.4 121.2
104.1 108.6 113.8 118.7 122.4
104.8 109.7 114.8 119.7 123.1
105.9 110.7 115.5 120.6 123.4
4.1 4.5 4.3 4.4 2.3
102.2 105.8 109.1 112.0 115.1
103.2 106.7 109.9 112.8 116.2
103.8 107.3 110.8 113.7 117.3
104.8 108.2 111.3 114.5 117.6
3.3 3.2 2.9 2.9 2.7
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
124.0 126.8 128.9 131.8 135.6
124.8 128.0 129.9 133.3 136.7
125.7 128.3 131.2 134.6 137.8
126.3 128.9 131.6 135.3 138.9
2.4 2.1 2.1 2.8 2.7
118.2 120.9 123.6 127.2 131.2
119.1 122.0 124.7 128.5 132.5
120.0 122.8 126.0 129.9 133.6
120.3 123.4 126.7 130.6 134.5
2.3 2.6 2.7 3.1 3.0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
141.1 145.9 151.7 159.2 169.0
142.5 147.2 153.5 161.4 171.2
144.3 148.7 155.2 163.1 172.6
145.0 150.0 156.6 164.2 173.5
4.4 3.4 4.4 4.9 5.7
135.2 140.3 145.6 150.5 154.3
136.5 141.8 147.2 151.6 155.5
138.2 143.3 148.4 152.8 156.7
139.2 144.7 149.6 153.5 157.2
3.5 4.0 3.4 2.6 2.4
Union Workers, Goods-Producing Industries 3 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
103.3 107.9 114.0 118.7 122.5
104.5 109.2 114.6 120.0 123.8
105.1 110.3 115.7 121.0 124.4
106.3 111.3 116.4 121.9 124.7
4.3 4.7 4.6 4.7 2.3
102.3 106.2 109.6 112.2 115.4
103.5 107.1 110.2 113.0 116.7
104.0 107.7 111.1 113.8 117.5
105.0 108.7 111.7 114.8 117.9
3.3 3.5 2.8 2.8 2.7
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
125.2 127.9 130.0 132.7 136.8
125.9 129.0 131.2 134.3 138.2
126.7 129.2 132.3 135.6 139.2
127.5 129.8 132.5 136.5 140.8
2.2 1.8 2.1 3.0 3.2
118.4 121.3 124.1 127.9 132.3
119.3 122.5 125.4 129.4 133.8
120.2 123.2 126.6 131.0 134.9
120.6 123.6 127.1 131.7 136.1
2.3 2.5 2.8 3.6 3.3
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
143.3 147.9 153.4 161.4 172.3
144.8 149.3 154.7 163.4 174.6
146.8 150.6 156.2 164.7 176.0
147.3 151.8 157.8 165.9 176.7
4.6 3.1 4.0 5.1 6.5
137.2 142.4 147.2 152.4 156.3
138.4 144.2 148.6 153.9 157.5
140.2 145.3 150.0 154.8 158.7
141.3 146.3 151.2 155.4 158.9
3.8 3.5 3.3 2.8 2.3
Union Workers, Service-Producing Industries 4 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
103.2 107.1 111.9 116.7 121.0
103.6 108.3 113.2 117.7 121.8
104.9 109.8 114.6 118.6 122.9
106.0 110.9 115.2 119.6 123.6
4.2 4.6 3.9 3.8 3.3
102.9 106.1 110.1 114.2 118.0
103.1 107.0 111.5 115.1 118.7
104.4 108.4 112.5 116.0 120.1
105.2 109.2 113.1 116.8 120.6
3.4 3.8 3.6 3.3 3.3
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
124.8 129.0 131.9 135.3 139.2
125.6 130.3 132.4 136.2 139.7
126.8 131.0 134.0 138.0 141.0
127.9 131.7 134.5 138.5 141.4
3.5 3.0 2.1 3.0 2.1
121.6 124.8 128.2 131.8 135.4
122.3 126.2 128.8 132.2 135.8
123.2 126.8 130.4 134.1 136.8
124.2 127.6 131.2 134.8 137.2
3.0 2.7 2.8 2.7 1.8
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
142.5 147.6 156.0 162.6 170.2
143.9 149.5 157.6 164.6 172.9
145.2 151.2 159.9 166.5 174.4
146.4 154.2 161.1 167.5 175.4
3.5 5.3 4.5 4.0 4.7
137.6 142.2 150.0 154.6 158.5
138.9 143.7 151.4 155.1 160.3
140.1 145.4 152.9 156.3 161.7
141.5 148.9 154.1 157.3 162.6
3.1 5.2 3.5 2.1 3.4
1Excludes farm and household workers. 2The regional coverage is as follows: Northeast–Connecticut,
Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylv ania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South–Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest–Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dako ta, and Wisconsin; and West–Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. 3Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. 4Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries.
348
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 6-4. Employment Cost Index, Private Industry Workers 1, Total Compensation and Wages and Salaries by Bargaining Status, Industry, Region 2, and Area Size, 1990–2004—Continued (June 1989 = 100, not seasonally adjusted.) Total compensation
Wages and salaries
Indexes
Indexes
Series and year March
June
Percent change for 12 months ended September December December
March
June
Percent change for 12 months ended September December December
Union Workers, Manufacturing Industries 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
103.6 108.1 114.8 119.8 123.6
104.7 109.5 115.2 121.1 124.8
105.3 110.6 116.1 121.9 125.3
106.6 111.7 116.9 123.0 125.8
4.5 4.8 4.7 5.2 2.3
102.6 106.7 110.4 113.2 116.6
103.8 107.5 110.9 113.9 117.8
104.3 108.3 111.7 114.6 118.5
105.5 109.4 112.5 115.9 119.2
3.7 3.7 2.8 3.0 2.8
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
126.3 128.8 130.8 133.6 137.0
126.6 129.8 131.7 134.6 138.1
127.1 129.8 133.0 136.0 139.1
128.1 130.6 133.3 136.9 141.0
1.8 2.0 2.1 2.7 3.0
119.8 122.9 125.6 129.6 133.6
120.5 123.9 126.5 130.4 134.7
121.3 124.5 127.8 132.2 135.8
122.0 125.2 128.6 133.0 137.5
2.3 2.6 2.7 3.4 3.4
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
144.5 147.9 153.4 162.3 175.0
145.4 148.8 154.6 163.8 177.0
147.1 149.9 155.9 165.0 178.4
147.4 151.4 157.9 166.3 178.9
4.5 2.7 4.3 5.3 7.6
138.8 143.9 149.0 154.6 158.1
139.7 145.5 150.2 155.9 159.2
141.4 146.7 151.6 156.7 160.5
142.6 148.0 153.1 157.1 160.7
3.7 3.8 3.4 2.6 2.3
Union Workers, Manufacturing, Blue-Collar Occupations 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
103.5 108.1 114.7 119.6 123.5
104.6 109.4 115.1 121.0 124.6
105.1 110.6 116.0 121.8 125.1
106.5 111.6 116.8 122.9 125.6
4.5 4.8 4.7 5.2 2.2
102.6 106.6 110.3 113.1 116.4
103.8 107.5 110.8 113.8 117.6
104.2 108.2 111.6 114.4 118.3
105.4 109.3 112.4 115.7 118.9
3.5 3.7 2.8 2.9 2.8
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
126.1 128.3 130.5 133.1 136.5
126.4 129.4 131.4 134.2 137.5
126.8 129.5 132.6 135.5 138.5
127.8 130.1 133.0 136.4 140.4
1.8 1.8 2.2 2.6 2.9
119.5 122.4 125.4 129.0 133.0
120.2 123.5 126.2 130.0 134.1
121.0 124.2 127.6 131.4 135.1
121.6 125.0 128.4 132.4 136.8
2.3 2.8 2.7 3.1 3.3
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
143.9 147.3 152.5 161.1 173.8
144.8 148.1 153.7 162.5 175.9
146.5 149.4 155.0 163.7 177.3
147.0 150.9 157.0 165.1 177.8
4.7 2.7 4.0 5.2 7.7
137.8 143.0 147.8 153.3 156.7
138.7 144.3 149.0 154.4 157.8
140.4 145.8 150.3 155.2 159.2
141.7 147.0 151.8 155.8 159.2
3.6 3.7 3.3 2.6 2.2
Union Workers, Nonmanufacturing Industries 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
103.0 107.1 111.8 116.3 120.5
103.7 108.3 113.1 117.4 121.5
104.9 109.7 114.5 118.5 122.6
105.9 110.6 115.1 119.3 123.0
4.2 4.4 4.1 3.6 3.1
102.5 105.8 109.4 113.0 116.4
103.0 106.7 110.7 113.9 117.3
104.1 107.9 111.7 114.9 118.6
104.8 108.6 112.2 115.5 119.0
3.3 3.6 3.3 2.9 3.0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
124.0 128.0 130.6 133.9 138.1
125.0 129.2 131.5 135.3 139.2
126.2 129.9 132.9 136.9 140.3
127.1 130.4 133.2 137.4 140.8
3.3 2.6 2.1 3.2 2.5
119.9 122.8 126.1 129.6 133.7
120.6 124.3 127.1 130.8 134.6
121.6 124.9 128.6 132.4 135.6
122.3 125.5 129.1 133.1 135.9
2.8 2.6 2.9 3.1 2.1
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
141.7 147.3 155.0 161.4 168.8
143.4 149.4 156.6 163.7 171.6
145.0 151.1 158.8 165.5 173.0
146.2 153.5 159.9 166.5 174.1
3.8 5.0 4.2 4.1 4.6
136.4 141.1 148.1 152.5 156.6
137.8 142.7 149.6 153.5 158.4
139.2 144.3 151.1 154.6 159.6
140.4 147.1 152.1 155.6 160.4
3.3 4.8 3.4 2.3 3.1
Nonunion Workers, Total 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
104.1 108.8 113.1 116.8 120.7
105.5 110.1 113.8 117.7 121.7
106.6 111.2 114.7 118.8 122.7
107.3 111.9 115.5 119.5 123.2
4.8 4.3 3.2 3.5 3.1
103.4 107.6 111.2 114.1 117.4
104.8 108.7 111.8 114.8 118.3
105.8 109.7 112.4 115.9 119.2
106.4 110.3 113.1 116.6 119.8
4.2 3.7 2.5 3.1 2.7
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
124.3 127.7 131.8 136.7 140.8
125.2 128.7 132.8 137.8 142.5
126.0 129.7 133.9 139.3 143.8
126.5 130.4 135.3 140.1 145.2
2.7 3.1 3.8 3.5 3.6
120.8 124.8 129.1 134.5 139.0
121.8 125.9 130.3 135.7 140.7
122.6 126.9 131.6 137.4 142.0
123.3 127.7 133.0 138.3 143.3
2.9 3.6 4.2 4.0 3.6
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
147.4 153.8 159.6 165.4 171.3
149.1 155.3 161.4 166.8 172.7
150.6 156.7 162.2 168.4 174.2
151.6 157.8 162.8 169.1 174.9
4.4 4.1 3.2 3.9 3.4
145.1 150.8 155.9 160.4 164.6
146.7 152.2 157.5 161.5 165.6
148.1 153.4 158.1 163.0 167.0
149.0 154.4 158.5 163.4 167.3
4.0 3.6 2.7 3.1 2.4
1Excludes farm and household workers. 2The regional coverage is as follows: Northeast–Connecticut,
Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylv ania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South–Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest–Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dako ta, and Wisconsin; and West–Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES
349
Table 6-4. Employment Cost Index, Private Industry Workers 1, Total Compensation and Wages and Salaries by Bargaining Status, Industry, Region 2, and Area Size, 1990–2004—Continued (June 1989 = 100, not seasonally adjusted.) Total compensation
Wages and salaries
Indexes
Indexes
Series and year March
June
Percent change for 12 months ended September December December
March
June
Percent change for 12 months ended September December December
Nonunion Workers, Blue-Collar Occupations 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
103.9 108.3 112.2 115.9 119.6
105.3 109.4 113.0 116.9 120.4
106.3 110.6 113.9 117.8 121.7
106.8 111.2 114.6 118.2 121.9
4.6 4.1 3.1 3.1 3.1
103.0 106.8 110.1 112.8 115.9
104.3 107.7 110.8 113.6 116.7
105.1 108.5 111.3 114.4 117.7
105.5 109.2 111.9 115.0 118.3
3.7 3.5 2.5 2.8 2.9
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
123.0 126.3 129.9 133.8 137.6
123.9 127.3 131.2 134.7 139.0
124.5 127.8 131.8 135.5 140.3
125.1 128.9 132.6 136.3 141.4
2.6 3.0 2.9 2.8 3.7
119.5 123.6 127.5 132.0 136.2
120.7 124.7 128.9 132.9 137.5
121.4 125.2 129.7 134.0 138.7
122.1 126.3 130.6 134.8 139.7
3.2 3.4 3.4 3.2 3.6
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
143.4 149.4 154.7 159.8 165.7
144.9 150.3 156.0 161.3 167.4
146.1 152.2 156.9 162.6 168.6
147.2 152.9 157.7 163.2 169.2
4.1 3.9 3.1 3.5 3.7
141.4 147.1 151.9 155.5 159.0
142.9 148.2 153.1 156.5 160.2
144.1 150.0 153.7 157.5 161.4
144.9 150.5 154.2 157.8 161.7
3.7 3.9 2.5 2.3 2.5
Nonunion Workers, Goods-Producing Industries 3 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
104.2 108.8 113.3 117.7 121.5
105.5 110.1 114.1 118.6 122.6
106.7 111.3 115.1 119.4 123.6
107.4 112.2 116.0 119.9 124.1
5.0 4.5 3.4 3.4 3.5
103.5 107.3 111.2 114.4 117.6
104.5 108.3 111.9 115.2 118.6
105.5 109.2 112.6 116.0 119.5
106.1 110.1 113.3 116.7 120.3
3.9 3.8 2.9 3.0 3.1
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
125.2 128.3 132.0 135.9 139.7
125.9 129.4 133.2 136.9 140.5
126.4 130.4 134.0 137.7 141.8
127.2 131.3 134.7 138.3 143.1
2.5 3.2 2.6 2.7 3.5
121.3 124.9 128.9 133.6 137.8
122.2 126.1 130.2 134.7 138.8
122.9 127.3 131.2 135.7 140.0
123.8 128.0 132.0 136.5 141.1
2.9 3.4 3.1 3.4 3.4
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
145.4 151.6 157.2 163.6 169.7
147.2 153.1 158.6 164.9 170.9
148.4 154.0 159.5 166.1 172.4
149.3 155.3 160.8 166.7 173.5
4.3 4.0 3.5 3.7 4.1
142.9 148.8 153.5 157.8 161.4
144.7 150.3 154.8 158.9 162.4
145.8 151.1 155.5 159.7 163.8
146.8 152.1 156.6 160.1 163.9
4.0 3.6 3.0 2.2 2.4
Nonunion Workers, Service-Producing Industries 4 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
103.9 108.8 113.0 116.3 120.3
105.5 110.1 113.7 117.2 121.1
106.5 111.2 114.4 118.4 122.2
107.2 111.8 115.2 119.2 122.7
4.7 4.3 3.0 3.5 2.9
103.4 107.8 111.2 113.8 117.2
104.9 108.9 111.7 114.6 118.1
105.9 109.9 112.3 115.9 119.0
106.5 110.4 113.0 116.6 119.5
4.2 3.7 2.4 3.2 2.5
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
123.8 127.3 131.5 136.7 141.1
124.8 128.3 132.5 138.0 143.0
125.6 129.2 133.7 139.7 144.4
126.0 129.9 135.3 140.6 145.7
2.7 3.1 4.2 3.9 3.6
120.5 124.6 129.1 134.6 139.3
121.5 125.7 130.2 135.9 141.3
122.4 126.6 131.6 137.9 142.6
123.0 127.5 133.2 138.8 143.9
2.9 3.7 4.5 4.2 3.7
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
148.0 154.4 160.3 165.9 171.6
149.6 155.9 162.2 167.2 173.2
151.2 157.5 162.9 169.0 174.6
152.3 158.6 163.3 169.8 175.1
4.5 4.1 3.0 4.0 3.1
145.8 151.4 156.7 161.2 165.6
147.3 152.7 158.3 162.3 166.6
148.7 154.1 158.9 164.0 168.0
149.6 155.1 159.0 164.5 168.4
4.0 3.7 2.5 3.5 2.4
Nonunion Workers, Manufacturing Industries 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
104.2 108.8 113.6 118.1 122.0
105.5 110.2 114.5 119.0 122.9
106.9 111.5 115.5 120.0 124.0
107.6 112.4 116.4 120.6 124.8
5.4 4.5 3.6 3.6 3.5
103.6 107.7 111.9 115.4 118.6
104.8 108.8 112.7 116.1 119.5
105.9 109.7 113.4 117.0 120.5
106.5 110.7 114.2 117.9 121.5
4.4 3.9 3.2 3.2 3.1
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
126.1 129.3 133.1 137.2 140.7
126.9 130.5 134.4 138.0 141.7
127.3 131.7 135.1 138.9 143.0
128.3 132.5 135.9 139.4 144.4
2.8 3.3 2.6 2.6 3.5
122.7 126.3 130.3 135.1 139.4
123.8 127.5 131.7 136.2 140.5
124.3 128.8 132.6 137.3 141.7
125.2 129.6 133.5 138.2 142.9
3.0 3.5 3.0 3.5 3.4
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
146.5 152.4 157.6 164.5 170.6
148.2 153.7 159.1 165.8 172.0
149.2 154.4 160.1 166.9 173.8
149.9 155.5 161.3 167.3 174.3
3.8 3.7 3.7 3.7 4.2
144.4 150.1 154.7 159.3 162.6
146.1 151.6 156.1 160.2 163.7
147.2 152.2 156.8 160.9 165.2
148.0 153.1 157.8 161.3 165.3
3.6 3.4 3.1 2.2 2.5
1Excludes farm and household workers. 2The regional coverage is as follows: Northeast–Connecticut,
Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylv ania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South–Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest–Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dako ta, and Wisconsin; and West–Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. 3Includes mining, construction, and manufacturing. 4Includes transportation, communication, and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and service industries.
350
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 6-4. Employment Cost Index, Private Industry Workers 1, Total Compensation and Wages and Salaries by Bargaining Status, Industry, Region 2, and Area Size, 1990–2004—Continued (June 1989 = 100, not seasonally adjusted.) Total compensation
Wages and salaries
Indexes
Indexes
Series and year March
June
Percent change for 12 months ended September December December
March
June
Percent change for 12 months ended September December December
Nonunion Workers, Manufacturing, Blue-Collar Occupations 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
104.4 109.0 113.8 117.5 121.2
105.9 110.3 114.6 118.4 121.9
107.2 111.7 115.5 119.4 123.0
107.9 112.5 116.2 119.9 123.5
5.4 4.3 3.3 3.2 3.0
103.6 107.9 111.9 114.6 117.5
105.0 108.8 112.5 115.2 118.1
106.0 109.7 113.1 116.0 119.1
106.7 110.7 113.7 116.7 120.0
4.4 3.7 2.7 2.6 2.8
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
124.5 128.1 132.2 136.0 139.5
125.5 129.3 133.5 136.7 140.2
125.7 130.3 134.2 137.4 141.6
127.0 131.4 134.8 138.3 142.9
2.8 3.5 2.6 2.6 3.3
121.2 125.4 129.8 134.4 138.5
122.6 126.7 131.2 135.1 139.2
123.1 127.8 132.0 136.2 140.5
124.2 128.8 133.0 137.2 141.6
3.5 3.7 3.3 3.2 3.2
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
144.4 149.9 155.6 161.5 168.1
145.8 150.8 156.7 162.6 169.3
146.7 152.1 157.5 164.1 171.2
148.0 153.5 158.8 164.8 171.9
3.6 3.7 3.5 3.8 4.3
142.8 148.7 154.3 158.3 161.9
144.2 150.1 155.3 158.7 162.6
145.4 151.3 155.7 159.8 164.1
146.6 152.6 156.8 160.4 164.5
3.5 4.1 2.8 2.3 2.6
Nonunion Workers, Nonmanufacturing Industries 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
104.0 108.8 112.9 116.3 120.2
105.4 110.1 113.5 117.2 121.1
106.5 111.2 114.3 118.3 122.2
107.2 111.7 115.1 119.0 122.5
4.7 4.2 3.0 3.4 2.9
103.3 107.6 110.9 113.5 116.9
104.8 108.7 111.4 114.3 117.8
105.7 109.6 112.0 115.5 118.7
106.3 110.1 112.7 116.1 119.1
3.9 3.6 2.4 3.0 2.6
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
123.6 127.0 131.1 136.3 140.6
124.5 128.0 132.2 137.5 142.4
125.3 128.9 133.4 139.1 143.8
125.7 129.6 134.9 140.0 145.1
2.6 3.1 4.1 3.8 3.6
120.0 124.2 128.5 134.0 138.6
121.0 125.2 129.7 135.3 140.5
121.9 126.1 131.1 137.1 141.8
122.6 127.0 132.6 138.0 143.0
2.9 3.6 4.4 4.1 3.6
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
147.4 153.9 159.9 165.4 171.1
149.1 155.4 161.7 166.7 172.6
150.7 157.0 162.4 168.5 174.0
151.8 158.2 162.9 169.3 174.7
4.6 4.2 3.0 3.9 3.2
145.0 150.7 155.9 160.4 164.7
146.6 152.0 157.5 161.5 165.7
148.0 153.3 158.1 163.1 167.1
148.9 154.4 158.3 163.7 167.5
4.1 3.7 2.5 3.4 2.3
Northeast 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
104.4 109.4 113.9 117.8 121.6
105.3 110.6 114.5 119.1 122.8
106.5 111.7 115.5 120.2 124.0
107.6 112.5 116.4 120.7 124.3
4.6 4.6 3.5 3.7 3.0
104.0 108.3 111.7 114.6 117.8
104.8 109.4 112.2 115.7 118.8
105.9 110.3 113.0 116.8 120.0
106.9 110.9 113.7 117.3 120.2
3.9 3.7 2.5 3.2 2.5
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
125.6 128.9 132.2 136.0 140.5
126.6 129.7 133.1 137.0 141.5
127.4 130.6 134.0 138.7 143.2
127.8 131.1 135.0 139.5 144.3
2.8 2.6 3.0 3.3 3.4
121.3 124.9 128.8 132.6 137.1
122.1 126.0 129.8 133.8 138.2
123.1 127.0 130.7 135.4 139.9
123.6 127.7 131.6 136.4 140.9
2.8 3.3 3.1 3.6 3.3
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
146.3 151.6 158.3 163.8 170.2
147.6 153.7 159.9 165.2 172.3
149.3 155.2 160.5 166.9 173.7
150.3 156.3 161.3 167.9 174.2
4.2 4.0 3.2 4.1 3.8
142.3 147.3 153.5 157.3 162.0
143.7 149.2 154.9 158.4 163.6
145.3 150.6 155.1 160.0 164.9
146.0 151.7 155.7 160.9 165.0
3.6 3.9 2.6 3.3 2.5
South 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
104.0 108.4 112.5 116.2 120.0
105.7 109.8 113.3 117.0 120.8
106.3 110.7 114.1 118.1 121.8
106.9 111.2 114.8 118.8 122.5
4.6 4.0 3.2 3.5 3.1
103.5 107.4 110.8 113.6 116.6
105.2 108.5 111.5 114.3 117.4
105.7 109.2 112.0 115.3 118.5
106.1 109.6 112.7 116.0 119.1
3.9 3.3 2.8 2.9 2.7
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
123.7 127.0 130.8 135.5 139.1
124.3 127.8 131.5 136.4 140.7
125.2 128.8 132.5 137.6 141.8
125.6 129.7 134.6 138.1 143.0
2.5 3.3 3.8 2.6 3.5
120.0 124.1 128.5 134.0 137.9
120.8 125.1 129.4 134.9 139.4
121.8 126.0 130.6 136.5 140.2
122.4 127.0 133.0 136.7 141.5
2.8 3.8 4.7 2.8 3.5
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
145.0 151.1 156.2 160.6 166.4
146.7 152.3 157.6 161.6 167.9
147.6 153.5 158.9 163.2 169.5
148.6 154.6 159.0 163.9 170.6
3.9 4.0 2.8 3.1 4.1
143.0 148.3 152.5 155.3 159.1
144.6 149.3 153.6 156.1 160.1
145.3 150.2 154.7 157.4 161.6
146.3 151.2 154.6 157.9 162.3
3.4 3.3 2.2 2.1 2.8
WORKERS BY REGION
1Excludes farm and household workers. 2The regional coverage is as follows: Northeast–Connecticut,
Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylv ania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South–Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest–Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dako ta, and Wisconsin; and West–Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES
351
Table 6-4. Employment Cost Index, Private Industry Workers 1, Total Compensation and Wages and Salaries by Bargaining Status, Industry, Region 2, and Area Size, 1990–2004—Continued (June 1989 = 100, not seasonally adjusted.) Total compensation
Wages and salaries
Indexes
Indexes
Series and year March
June
Percent change for 12 months ended September December December
March
June
Percent change for 12 months ended September December December
Midwest 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
103.5 108.5 113.8 117.9 122.8
104.8 109.7 114.6 119.3 123.6
106.3 111.2 115.3 120.1 124.6
107.1 112.2 116.1 121.2 125.0
5.1 4.8 3.5 4.4 3.1
102.6 106.9 110.7 113.5 117.5
103.7 107.7 111.3 114.6 118.3
105.1 108.9 111.8 115.2 119.5
105.8 109.9 112.5 116.5 120.1
4.1 3.9 2.4 3.6 3.1
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
125.8 129.5 133.3 138.3 141.7
126.9 130.7 134.7 139.6 143.6
127.7 131.3 136.2 140.9 145.0
128.3 132.1 136.9 141.4 146.3
2.6 3.0 3.6 3.3 3.5
120.9 125.1 129.0 134.7 138.9
122.2 126.2 130.4 136.0 141.0
123.0 126.9 132.2 137.5 142.4
123.6 127.7 133.0 138.0 143.6
2.9 3.3 4.2 3.8 4.1
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
148.9 154.8 161.1 169.0 174.7
150.7 156.0 162.6 170.4 176.2
152.2 157.4 163.5 171.7 177.6
153.3 158.6 164.6 172.5 177.9
4.8 3.5 3.8 4.8 3.1
145.3 150.9 157.1 164.1 166.9
147.1 152.3 158.5 165.0 167.7
148.6 153.6 159.2 166.1 169.2
149.6 154.7 160.2 166.5 169.2
4.2 3.4 3.6 3.9 1.6
West 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
103.3 107.5 111.9 116.2 119.4
104.5 108.9 112.9 116.4 120.5
105.6 110.0 114.1 117.8 121.3
106.3 110.9 114.9 118.1 121.7
4.4 4.3 3.6 2.8 3.0
102.5 106.4 110.2 113.6 116.6
104.0 107.6 111.1 113.7 117.9
104.8 108.6 112.2 115.3 118.1
105.4 109.4 112.8 115.7 119.0
3.9 3.8 3.1 2.6 2.9
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
122.6 125.9 130.3 135.2 140.3
123.4 127.3 131.4 136.6 142.1
123.9 128.3 132.5 138.5 143.3
125.0 128.9 133.4 140.0 144.7
2.7 3.1 3.5 4.9 3.4
119.9 123.3 127.7 132.9 138.2
120.9 124.8 128.9 134.5 140.2
121.4 125.8 130.2 136.7 141.3
122.7 126.5 131.2 138.4 142.6
3.1 3.1 3.7 5.5 3.0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
147.0 154.3 160.4 167.3 175.3
148.8 156.0 162.9 169.5 176.8
150.8 157.6 163.8 171.4 178.1
151.8 159.4 165.0 172.2 179.0
4.9 5.0 3.5 4.4 3.9
144.7 151.3 156.4 161.3 166.8
146.3 152.9 158.7 163.1 167.9
148.2 154.3 159.3 164.7 169.1
149.2 156.0 160.1 165.2 169.5
4.6 4.6 2.6 3.2 2.6
Metropolitan Areas 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
103.9 108.5 113.1 117.1 120.9
105.1 109.8 113.9 118.1 121.9
106.3 111.0 114.8 119.1 122.9
107.1 111.8 115.6 119.8 123.4
4.8 4.4 3.4 3.6 3.0
103.3 107.3 110.9 113.9 117.2
104.4 108.4 111.6 114.7 118.1
105.4 109.3 112.3 115.8 119.1
106.1 110.1 112.9 116.5 119.7
3.9 3.8 2.5 3.2 2.7
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
124.5 128.0 131.7 136.4 140.4
125.4 129.1 132.8 137.5 142.0
126.2 130.0 133.9 139.1 143.3
126.8 130.6 135.1 139.8 144.7
2.8 3.0 3.4 3.5 3.5
120.6 124.6 128.7 133.8 138.3
121.6 125.8 129.9 135.1 139.9
122.4 126.7 131.1 136.9 141.2
123.2 127.4 132.3 137.7 142.5
2.9 3.4 3.8 4.1 3.5
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
146.9 153.1 159.1 165.2 171.5
148.6 154.6 160.9 166.6 173.1
150.1 156.0 161.8 168.3 174.6
151.0 157.4 162.5 169.1 175.3
4.4 4.2 3.2 4.1 3.7
144.1 149.8 155.1 159.6 163.8
145.7 151.2 156.7 160.7 164.9
147.1 152.4 157.4 162.2 166.3
148.0 153.7 157.9 162.7 166.6
3.9 3.9 2.7 3.0 2.4
Other Areas 1990 .................................................................................................... 1991 .................................................................................................... 1992 .................................................................................................... 1993 .................................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................
103.6 108.4 113.1 117.0 121.3
105.2 109.9 113.7 117.8 122.5
106.0 110.7 114.8 118.7 123.2
106.8 111.2 115.6 119.7 123.5
4.7 4.1 4.0 3.5 3.2
103.0 107.2 110.7 113.5 117.0
104.6 108.4 111.2 114.4 118.1
105.3 109.0 112.0 115.0 118.6
106.0 109.4 112.8 115.8 119.0
4.0 3.2 3.1 2.7 2.8
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
124.8 127.2 131.4 135.9 140.5
125.3 128.0 132.4 137.1 141.8
126.1 128.7 133.8 138.2 143.1
126.5 130.2 135.3 139.4 143.6
2.4 2.9 3.9 3.0 3.0
120.5 123.4 127.7 132.5 137.1
121.3 124.2 128.8 133.4 138.4
122.1 125.0 130.4 134.7 139.8
122.4 126.5 132.0 136.0 140.2
2.9 3.3 4.3 3.0 3.1
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... .................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................
146.0 152.1 157.5 163.5 170.2
147.7 153.7 158.5 165.0 172.1
148.8 154.8 160.0 166.1 173.3
150.3 155.6 160.8 166.9 174.3
4.7 3.5 3.3 3.8 4.4
142.2 147.4 151.7 156.8 160.8
143.7 148.8 152.6 158.0 162.1
144.7 149.7 153.8 158.9 163.3
146.0 150.5 154.8 159.5 163.8
4.1 3.1 2.9 3.0 2.7
WORKERS BY AREA SIZE
1Excludes farm and household workers. 2The regional coverage is as follows: Northeast–Connecticut,
Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylv ania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South–Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; Midwest–Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dako ta, and Wisconsin; and West–Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
352
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 6-5. Employer Compensation Costs per Hour Worked for Employee Compensation and Costs as a Percent of Total Compensation: Private Industry Workers, by Major Industry Group, March 2005 (Dollars, percent of total cost.) Goods-producing 1 Compensation component
All
goods-producing 1
Cost
Percent
Service-providing 2
Construction Cost
Manufacturing
Percent
Cost
All
Percent
service-providing 2
Cost
Percent
Trade, transportation, and utilities Cost
Percent
Information Cost
Percent
TOTAL COMPENSATION ................
$28.48
100.0
$27.98
100.0
$28.48
100.0
$23.11
100.0
$20.27
100.0
34.60
100.0
WAGES AND SALARIES ................
18.66
65.5
19.29
68.9
18.26
64.1
16.78
72.6
14.49
71.5
24.19
69.9
TOTAL BENEFITS ...........................
9.82
34.5
8.69
31.1
10.21
35.9
6.34
27.4
5.78
28.5
10.41
30.1
Paid Leave ....................................... Vacation pay ..................................... Holiday pay ....................................... Sick leave .......................................... Other leave pay .................................
1.72 0.89 0.63 0.13 0.07
6.0 3.1 2.2 0.5 0.3
0.93 0.52 0.33 0.06 0.02
3.3 1.9 1.2 0.2 0.1
2.07 1.04 0.76 0.16 0.10
7.3 3.7 2.7 0.6 0.3
1.50 0.73 0.51 0.20 0.06
6.5 3.2 2.2 0.9 0.3
1.15 0.57 0.39 0.16 0.04
5.7 2.8 1.9 0.8 0.2
2.88 1.40 0.93 0.32 0.22
8.3 4.1 2.7 0.9 0.6
Supplemental Pay ........................... Overtime and premium pay 3 ............ Shift differentials ............................... Nonproduction bonuses ....................
1.24 0.59 0.08 0.57
4.4 2.1 0.3 2.0
1.21 0.52
4.3 1.9
(4)
(5)
0.68
2.4
1.25 0.61 0.12 0.53
4.4 2.1 0.4 1.8
0.54 0.16 0.05 0.33
2.3 0.7 0.2 1.4
0.47 0.21 0.03 0.23
2.3 1.0 0.1 1.1
0.89 0.31 0.05 0.53
2.6 0.9 0.1 1.5
Insurance ......................................... Life insurance .................................... Health insurance ............................... Short-term disability .......................... Long-term disability ...........................
2.45 0.06 2.28 0.08 0.03
8.6 0.2 8.0 0.3 0.1
1.88 0.03 1.81 0.03
6.7 0.1 6.5 0.1
(4)
(5)
2.68 0.07 2.48 0.10 0.04
9.4 0.2 8.7 0.3 0.1
1.59 0.04 1.48 0.04 0.03
6.9 0.2 6.4 0.2 0.1
1.56 0.04 1.47 0.04 0.02
7.7 0.2 7.2 0.2 0.1
2.81 0.05 2.54 0.15 0.07
8.1 0.2 7.3 0.4 0.2
Retirement and Savings ................. Defined benefit plans ........................ Defined contribution plans ................
1.59 1.08 0.51
5.6 3.8 1.8
1.35 0.85 0.51
4.8 3.0 1.8
1.64 1.13 0.51
5.8 4.0 1.8
0.73 0.30 0.43
3.1 1.3 1.9
0.70 0.39 0.31
3.5 1.9 1.5
1.24 0.61 0.63
3.6 1.8 1.8
Legally Required Benefits .............. Social Security and Medicare ........... Social Security 6 ............................ Medicare ....................................... Federal unemployment insurance ..... State unemployment insurance ........ Workers’ compensation ....................
2.73 1.61 1.29 0.31 0.03 0.20 0.89
9.6 5.6 4.5 1.1 0.1 0.7 3.1
3.30 1.61 1.30 0.31 0.03 0.25 1.42
11.8 5.8 4.6 1.1 0.1 0.9 5.1
2.45 1.60 1.29 0.31 0.03 0.19 0.64
8.6 5.6 4.5 1.1 0.1 0.7 2.2
1.95 1.39 1.12 0.28 0.03 0.15 0.37
8.4 6.0 4.8 1.2 0.1 0.6 1.6
1.87 1.20 0.96 0.23 0.04 0.14 0.50
9.2 5.9 4.8 1.1 0.2 0.7 2.5
2.47 2.00 1.60 0.40 0.03 0.13 0.31
7.1 5.8 4.6 1.2 0.1 0.4 0.9
Other Benefits 7 ...............................
0.08
0.3
(4)
(5)
0.12
0.4
0.03
0.1
0.02
0.1
0.11
0.3
1Includes 2Includes
mining, construction, and manufacturing. The agriculture, forestry, farming and hunting sector is excluded. utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment, and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration. 3Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays). 4Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less. 5Less than .05 percent. 6Comprises the Old Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program. 7Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.
353
COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES
Table 6-5. Employer Compensation Costs per Hour Worked for Employee Compensation and Costs as a Percent of Total Compensation: Private Industry Workers, by Major Industry Group, March 2005—Continued (Dollars, percent of total cost.) Service-providing 2 Compensation component
Financial activities Cost
Professional and business services
Percent
Cost
Percent
Education and health services Cost
Percent
Leisure and hospitality Cost
Percent
Other services Cost
Percent
TOTAL COMPENSATION .........................................................
33.27
100.0
27.56
100.0
25.77
100.0
10.67
100.0
20.85
100.0
WAGES AND SALARIES ..........................................................
23.13
69.5
20.37
73.9
18.79
72.9
8.43
79.0
15.30
73.4
TOTAL BENEFITS .....................................................................
10.14
30.5
7.19
26.1
6.98
27.1
2.24
21.0
5.55
26.6
Paid Leave ................................................................................. Vacation pay ............................................................................... Holiday pay ................................................................................. Sick leave ................................................................................... Other leave pay ..........................................................................
2.35 1.14 0.80 0.31 0.10
7.1 3.4 2.4 0.9 0.3
1.91 0.91 0.68 0.25 0.07
6.9 3.3 2.5 0.9 0.3
1.84 0.91 0.60 0.26 0.08
7.2 3.5 2.3 1.0 0.3
0.34 0.18 0.10 0.04 0.02
3.2 1.7 0.9 0.4 0.2
1.36 0.64 0.49 0.19 0.04
6.5 3.1 2.3 0.9 0.2
Supplemental Pay ..................................................................... Overtime and premium pay 3 ...................................................... Shift differentials ......................................................................... Nonproduction bonuses ..............................................................
1.44 0.09
4.3 0.3 (5)
4.0
0.44 0.15 0.16 0.12
1.7 0.6 0.6 0.5
1.2 0.7
(4)
2.3 0.6 0.1 1.6
0.13 0.08
1.34
0.65 0.17 0.04 0.44
0.30 0.09 0.03 0.18
1.4 0.4 0.1 0.8
Insurance ................................................................................... Life insurance ............................................................................. Health insurance ......................................................................... Short-term disability .................................................................... Long-term disability ....................................................................
2.53 0.07 2.34 0.06 0.06
7.6 0.2 7.0 0.2 0.2
1.59 0.05 1.45 0.05 0.04
5.8 0.2 5.2 0.2 0.2
1.86 0.03 1.75 0.04 0.04
7.2 0.1 6.8 0.1 0.2
(4)
(5)
0.42
4.0
(4) (4)
(5) (5)
1.35 0.03 1.27 0.02 0.03
6.5 0.2 6.1 0.1 0.1
Retirement and Savings ........................................................... Defined benefit plans .................................................................. Defined contribution plans ..........................................................
1.49 0.61 0.88
4.5 1.8 2.6
0.77 0.27 0.50
2.8 1.0 1.8
0.74 0.21 0.54
2.9 0.8 2.1
0.10 0.03 0.07
0.9 0.3 0.7
0.63 0.21 0.42
3.0 1.0 2.0
Legally Required Benefits ....................................................... Social Security and Medicare ..................................................... Social Security 6 ..................................................................... Medicare ................................................................................. Federal unemployment insurance .............................................. State unemployment insurance .................................................. Workers’ compensation ..............................................................
2.23 1.82 1.42 0.39 0.03 0.16 0.22
6.7 5.5 4.3 1.2 0.1 0.5 0.7
2.23 1.66 1.33 0.33 0.03 0.19 0.35
8.1 6.0 4.8 1.2 0.1 0.7 1.3
2.08 1.57 1.26 0.31 0.03 0.13 0.35
8.1 6.1 4.9 1.2 0.1 0.5 1.4
1.22 0.80 0.65 0.15 0.04 0.12 0.26
11.5 7.5 6.1 1.4 0.4 1.1 2.4
1.91 1.27 1.02 0.25 0.03 0.14 0.47
9.2 6.1 4.9 1.2 0.1 0.7 2.2
Other Benefits 7 ........................................................................
0.10
0.3
0.04
0.1
(4)
(5)
(4)
(5)
(4)
(5)
(4)
(5)
0.05
0.5
0.44
4.2
Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. 2Includes
utilities; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; finance and insurance; real estate and rental and leasing; professional and technical services; management of companies and enterprises; administrative and waste services; educational services; health care and social assistance; arts, entertainment, and recreation; accommodation and food services; and other services, except public administration. 3Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays). 4Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less. 5Less than .05 percent. 6Comprises the Old Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program. 7Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.
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HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 6-6. Employer Compensation Costs per Hour Worked for Employee Compensation and Costs as a Percent of Total Compensation: Private Industry Workers, by Census Area and Region, March 2005 (Dollars, percent of total cost.) Northeast
South
Midwest
West
Metropolitan area
Nonmetropolitan area
Compensation component Cost
Percent
Cost
Percent
Cost
Percent
Cost
Percent
Cost
Percent
Cost
Percent
TOTAL COMPENSATION ....................
$27.09
$100.00
$21.36
$100.00
$24.23
$100.00
$25.98
$100.00
$24.80
$100.00
$18.81
$100.00
WAGES AND SALARIES .....................
19.07
70.4
15.41
72.1
16.97
70.1
18.43
70.9
17.62
71.0
13.16
70.0
TOTAL BENEFITS ................................
8.02
29.6
5.95
27.9
7.25
29.9
7.55
29.1
7.18
29.0
5.65
30.0
Paid Leave ............................................ Vacation ................................................ Holiday .................................................. Sick ........................................................ Other .....................................................
1.89 0.91 0.66 0.24 0.08
7.0 3.4 2.4 0.9 0.3
1.31 0.65 0.45 0.16 0.05
6.1 3.0 2.1 0.7 0.2
1.51 0.75 0.52 0.17 0.08
6.2 3.1 2.1 0.7 0.3
1.65 0.83 0.56 0.21 0.05
6.3 3.2 2.1 0.8 0.2
1.60 0.79 0.55 0.20 0.07
6.4 3.2 2.2 0.8 0.3
1.08 0.56 0.37 0.11 0.05
5.8 3.0 2.0 0.6 0.2
Supplemental Pay ............................... Overtime and premium pay 1 ................. Shift differentials .................................... Nonproduction bonuses ........................
0.76 0.22 0.06 0.48
2.8 0.8 0.2 1.8
0.55 0.22 0.05 0.28
2.6 1.1 0.2 1.3
0.76 0.29 0.07 0.40
3.1 1.2 0.3 1.6
0.72 0.23 0.05 0.44
2.8 0.9 0.2 1.7
0.69 0.24 0.06 0.40
2.8 0.9 0.2 1.6
0.57 0.29 0.07 0.21
3.0 1.5 0.4 1.1
Insurance ............................................. Life insurance ........................................ Health insurance ................................... Short-term disability ............................... Long-term disability ...............................
1.98 0.05 1.83 0.07 0.04
7.3 0.2 6.8 0.2 0.1
1.53 0.04 1.42 0.04 0.03
7.2 0.2 6.6 0.2 0.2
1.91 0.04 1.78 0.05 0.03
7.9 0.2 7.3 0.2 0.1
1.75 0.04 1.64 0.03 0.03
6.7 0.1 6.3 0.1 0.1
1.78 0.04 1.65 0.05 0.03
7.2 0.2 6.7 0.2 0.1
1.59 0.04 1.49 0.04 0.02
8.5 0.2 7.9 0.2 0.1
Retirement and Savings ..................... Defined benefit ...................................... Defined contribution ..............................
1.04 0.47 0.57
3.8 1.7 2.1
0.71 0.32 0.39
3.3 1.5 1.8
0.98 0.57 0.41
4.0 2.4 1.7
0.96 0.49 0.47
3.7 1.9 1.8
0.93 0.47 0.46
3.7 1.9 1.9
0.63 0.31 0.32
3.3 1.7 1.7
Legally Required Benefits .................. Social Security and Medicare ................ Social Security 2 .................................... Medicare ................................................ Federal unemployment insurance ......... State unemployment insurance ............. Workers’ compensation .........................
2.30 1.61 1.29 0.32 0.03 0.22 0.44
8.5 5.9 4.8 1.2 0.1 0.8 1.6
1.82 1.29 1.04 0.25 0.03 0.11 0.39
8.5 6.0 4.9 1.2 0.2 0.5 1.8
2.05 1.42 1.13 0.28 0.03 0.16 0.44
8.5 5.8 4.7 1.2 0.1 0.7 1.8
2.46 1.53 1.23 0.30 0.03 0.18 0.71
9.5 5.9 4.7 1.2 0.1 0.7 2.7
2.14 1.47 1.18 0.29 0.03 0.16 0.48
8.6 5.9 4.7 1.2 0.1 0.6 1.9
1.76 1.14 0.92 0.22 0.03 0.13 0.45
9.3 6.1 4.9 1.2 0.2 0.7 2.4
Other Benefits 3 ...................................
0.05
0.2
0.03
0.1
0.06
0.2
0.02
0.1
0.04
0.2
(4)
(5)
Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. 1Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as 2Comprises the Old Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program. 3Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits. 4Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less. 5Less than .05 percent.
overtime, weekends, and holidays).
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COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES
Table 6-7. Employer Compensation Costs per Hour Worked for Employee Compensation and Costs as a Percent of Total Compensation: State and Local Government, by Major Occupational and Industry Group, March 2005 (Dollars, percent of total cost.) Occupational group 1
All workers Compensation component Cost
Percent
Management, professional, and related Cost
Percent
Industry group
Sales and office Cost
Service-providing 2
Service
Percent
Cost
Percent
Cost
Percent
TOTAL COMPENSATION ........................................
35.50
100.0
43.18
100.0
24.26
100.0
27.10
100.0
35.66
100.0
WAGES AND SALARIES .........................................
24.26
68.3
30.85
71.5
15.31
63.1
16.81
62.0
24.40
68.4
TOTAL BENEFITS ....................................................
11.24
31.7
12.33
28.5
8.95
36.9
10.29
38.0
11.26
31.6
Paid Leave ................................................................ Vacation pay .............................................................. Holiday pay ................................................................ Sick leave .................................................................. Other leave pay .........................................................
2.68 0.93 0.89 0.65 0.21
7.6 2.6 2.5 1.8 0.6
2.89 0.84 0.98 0.81 0.25
6.7 2.0 2.3 1.9 0.6
2.29 0.92 0.75 0.47 0.14
9.4 3.8 3.1 2.0 0.6
2.44 1.05 0.79 0.44 0.17
9.0 3.9 2.9 1.6 0.6
2.68 0.93 0.89 0.66 0.21
7.5 2.6 2.5 1.8 0.6
Supplemental Pay .................................................... Overtime and premium pay 3 ..................................... Shift pay ..................................................................... Nonproduction bonuses .............................................
0.31 0.14 0.07 0.10
0.9 0.4 0.2 0.3
0.19 0.04 0.05 0.10
0.4 0.1 0.1 0.2
0.16 0.08 0.02 0.07
0.7 0.3 0.1 0.3
0.61 0.33 0.14 0.14
2.3 1.2 0.5 0.5
0.31 0.14 0.07 0.10
0.9 0.4 0.2 0.3
Insurance .................................................................. Life insurance ............................................................ Health insurance ........................................................ Short-term disability ................................................... Long-term disability ...................................................
3.76 0.06 3.63 0.03 0.04
10.6 0.2 10.2 0.1 0.1
4.11 0.07 3.97 0.02 0.05
9.5 0.2 9.2 0.1 0.1
3.49 0.05 3.39 0.02 0.03
14.4 0.2 14.0 0.1 0.1
3.08 0.04 2.94 0.07 0.03
11.3 0.2 10.8 0.2 0.1
3.76 0.06 3.63 0.03 0.04
10.5 0.2 10.2 0.1 0.1
Retirement and Savings .......................................... Defined benefit plans ................................................. Defined contribution plans .........................................
2.34 2.08 0.26
6.6 5.9 0.7
2.67 2.33 0.34
6.2 5.4 0.8
1.43 1.28 0.15
5.9 5.3 0.6
2.42 2.30 0.12
8.9 8.5 0.4
2.35 2.09 0.26
6.6 5.9 0.7
Legally Required Benefits ...................................... Social Security and Medicare .................................... Social Security 4 .................................................... Medicare ................................................................ Federal unemployment insurance ............................. State unemployment insurance ................................. Workers’ compensation .............................................
2.10 1.59 1.23 0.37
5.9 4.5 3.5 1.0
2.41 1.98 1.52 0.46
5.6 4.6 3.5 1.1
1.54 1.17 0.92 0.25
6.3 4.8 3.8 1.0
1.69 1.03 0.78 0.25
6.2 3.8 2.9 0.9
2.10 1.60 1.23 0.37
5.9 4.5 3.5 1.0
(5)
(6)
(5)
(6)
(5)
(6)
(5)
(6)
(5)
0.07 0.44
0.2 1.2
0.07 0.37
0.2 0.8
0.06 0.32
0.2 1.3
0.07 0.59
0.3 2.2
0.07 0.44
0.2 1.2
Other Benefits 7 .......................................................
0.05
0.2
0.06
0.1
0.04
0.1
0.05
0.2
0.05
0.2
Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. 1This
table presents data for the three major occupational groups in state and local government: management, professional, and related occupations, including teachers; sales and office occupations, including clerical workers; and service occupations, including police and firefighters. 2Service-providing industries, which include health and educational services, employ a large part of the state and local government workforce. 3Includes premium pay for work in addition to the regular work schedule (such as overtime, weekends, and holidays). 4Comprises the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) program. 5Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less. 6Less than .05 percent. 7Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits.
(6)
356
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 6-8. Employer Compensation Costs Per Hour Worked for Employee Compensation and Costs as a Percent of Total Compensation: State and Local Government Workers, by Occupational and Industry Workers, March 2005 (Dollars, percent of total compensation.) Cost per hour worked by year Total compensation
Wages and Salaries
STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT WORKERS ................
34.21
23.69
Occupational Group Management, professional, and related .................................. Professional and related .......................................................... Teachers2 ................................................................................ Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers ... Sales and office ....................................................................... Office and administrative support ............................................ Service .....................................................................................
41.63 41.36 46.41 45.08 23.32 23.31 25.94
Industry and Health Services Education and health services ................................................. Educational services ................................................................ Elementary and secondary schools ......................................... Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ............................... Health care and social assistance ........................................... Hospitals .................................................................................. Public administration ................................................................
Series
Supplemental pay
10.52
2.60
0.30
3.48
2.07
2.02
0.05
30.05 30.17 34.69 33.47 14.97 14.97 16.44
11.59 11.19 11.73 11.61 8.35 8.35 9.50
2.79 2.49 2.37 2.35 2.23 2.22 2.38
0.18 0.18 0.10 0.10 0.16 0.16 0.61
3.82 3.77 3.87 4.08 3.18 3.18 2.82
2.43 2.39 2.84 2.66 1.27 1.27 2.00
2.31 2.29 2.48 2.33 1.48 1.48 1.64
0.06 0.06 0.07 0.09 0.03 0.03 0.05
36.08 36.76 35.96 39.37 31.51 28.80 31.39
25.95 26.62 26.13 28.27 21.45 19.19 20.25
10.13 10.14 9.83 11.10 10.06 9.61 11.15
2.37 2.27 2.03 2.98 3.06 2.90 2.98
0.20 0.13 0.11 0.17 0.68 0.70 0.46
3.46 3.54 3.69 3.14 2.93 2.69 3.47
2.02 2.12 2.00 2.52 1.32 1.26 2.24
2.02 2.02 1.94 2.28 2.04 2.01 1.93
0.05 0.05 0.07 0.04 0.05 0.06
STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT WORKERS ................
100.0
69.2
30.8
7.6
0.9
10.2
6.1
5.9
0.2
Occupational Group Management, professional, and related .................................. Professional and related .......................................................... Teachers2 ................................................................................ Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers ... Sales and office ....................................................................... Office and administrative support ............................................ Service .....................................................................................
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
72.2 72.9 74.7 74.2 64.2 64.2 63.4
27.8 27.1 25.3 25.8 35.8 35.8 36.6
6.7 6.0 5.1 5.2 9.5 9.5 9.2
0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.7 0.7 2.3
9.2 9.1 8.3 9.1 13.6 13.6 10.9
5.8 5.8 6.1 5.9 5.4 5.5 7.7
5.6 5.5 5.3 5.2 6.4 6.3 6.3
0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2
Industry Group Education and health services ................................................. Educational services ................................................................ Elementary and secondary schools ......................................... Junior colleges, colleges, and universities ............................... Health care and social assistance ........................................... Hospitals .................................................................................. Public administration ................................................................
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
71.9 72.4 72.7 71.8 68.1 66.6 64.5
28.1 27.6 27.3 28.2 31.9 33.4 35.5
6.6 6.2 5.6 7.6 9.7 10.1 9.5
0.5 0.3 0.3 0.4 2.1 2.4 1.5
9.6 9.6 10.3 8.0 9.3 9.3 11.1
5.6 5.8 5.5 6.4 4.2 4.4 7.1
5.6 5.5 5.4 5.8 6.5 7.0 6.1
0.1 0.1 0.2
Insurance
Retirement and savings
Legally required benefits
Paid Leave
Total
Other benefits 1
COSTS PER HOUR WORKED
(3)
PERCENT OF TOTAL COMPENSATION
Note: The sum of individual items may not equal totals due to rounding. 1Includes severance pay and supplemental unemployment benefits. 2Includes postsecondary teachers; primary, secondary, and special education 3Cost per hour worked is $0.01 or less. 4Less than .05 percent.
teachers; and other teachers and instructors.
(4)
0.1 0.2 0.2
COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES
357
NOTES AND DEFINITIONS EMPLOYEE BENEFITS SURVEY Note: The Employee Benefits Survey is now part of the National Compensation Survey (NCS), which also includes the Employment Cost Index. Collection and Coverage The statistics in this chapter represent the integration of data on employee benefits into the NCS. Prior to 1999, surveys of different sectors of the economy were conducted in alternating years; medium and large private establishments were studied during odd years, and small private establishments during even years. Since those surveys have been replaced by the new survey, the tables previously presented in this Handbook have been discontinued. Data for all private workers are collected annually. Definition of Survey Terms Incidence refers to different methods of computing the number or percentage of employees who receive a benefit plan or specific benefit feature. Access to a benefit is determined on an occupational basis within an establishment; either all employees or no employees in a particular occupation in an establishment have the benefit available to them. The benefits published in Table 6-9 refer to employee access. Participation refers to the proportion of employees covered by a benefit. There will be cases where employees
with access to a plan will not participate. For example, some employees may decline to participate in a health insurance plan if there is an employee cost involved. The benefits published in Table 6-9 refer to employee participation. For a listing of selected benefit definitions, see Glossary of Compensation Terms, Report 923 (August 1998), Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. Survey Scope The 2000 NCS benefits incidence survey obtained data from 1,436 private industry establishments, representing over 107 million workers. Of this number, nearly 86 million were full-time workers and the remainder—nearly 22 million—were part-time workers. The NCS uses the establishment’s definition of full- and part-time status. For purposes of this survey, an establishment is an economic unit that produces goods or services, a central administrative office, or an auxiliary unit providing support services to a company. For private industries, the establishment is usually at a single physical location. Sources of Additional Information For a listing of selected benefit definitions, see Glossary of Compensation Terms, BLS, August 1998, Report 923. Additional data and further information on methodology and sampling are available in BLS Bulletin 2555, January 2003. Also see BLS news release USDL-05-1571. The NCS was described in an article in the fifth edition of this Handbook.
358
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 6-9. Percent of Workers That are Participating in or with Access to Selected Benefits, March 2005 (Percent.) Worker characteristic1 Benefit program
Total employees
White– collar occupations
Blue–collar occupations
Service occupations
Full–time
Establishment characteristic
Part–time
Union
Nonunion
Goods– producing
Service– producing
1–99 workers
100 workers or more
PARTICIPATING IN SELECTED BENEFITS Retirement Benefits All ............................................................... Defined benefit .......................................... Defined contribution ...................................
50 21 42
61 24 53
51 26 38
22 7 18
60 25 50
19 9 14
85 72 43
46 15 41
64 32 50
47 18 39
37 9 32
67 36 53
Health Care Benefits Medical care ............................................. Dental care ................................................ Vision care ................................................. Outpatient prescription drug coverage ......
53 36 22 48
58 42 24 52
61 39 25 56
27 17 12 25
66 45 27 59
12 9 6 11
83 67 51 77
49 33 19 44
70 49 30 66
48 33 20 43
43 24 14 37
65 51 32 61
Insurance and Disability Life insurance ............................................ Short-term disability ................................... Long-term disability ...................................
49 39 29
56 43 40
52 44 21
24 21 11
61 47 36
10 13 5
63 66 28
47 36 29
60 53 30
46 35 28
34 27 17
67 54 43
Retirement Benefits All ............................................................... Defined benefit ......................................... Defined contribution ..................................
60 22 53
70 25 64
60 26 50
32 7 28
69 25 62
27 10 23
88 73 49
56 16 54
71 33 61
56 19 51
44 10 40
78 37 69
Health Care Benefits Medical care ............................................. Dental care ............................................... Vision care ................................................ Outpatient prescription drug coverage ......
70 46 29 64
77 54 33 69
77 47 30 71
44 25 19 41
85 56 35 78
22 14 9 20
92 73 57 87
68 43 26 61
85 56 36 80
66 43 27 59
59 31 19 52
84 65 41 79
Insurance and Disability Life insurance ........................................... Short-term disability .................................. Long-term disability ..................................
52 40 30
59 44 41
55 46 23
28 23 12
64 48 38
12 14 5
65 67 30
50 37 30
63 55 31
48 36 30
37 28 19
70 55 44
Selected Leave Benefits Paid holidays ............................................ Paid vacations ........................................... Paid jury duty ............................................ Paid military leave ....................................
77 77 69 48
85 83 80 57
81 80 65 43
49 59 47 33
89 90 77 54
37 36 43 30
87 86 83 55
75 77 68 47
85 86 73 54
74 75 68 46
68 70 57 36
87 87 85 64
Employer Assistance for Child Care Total .......................................................... Employer provided funds ........................... On-site and off-site child care .................... Child care resource and referral ................ Adoption assistance ..................................
14 3 5 10 9
19 5 7 14 14
8 2 2 6 7
9 2 4 5 2
16 4 6 11 11
8 1 3 5 4
18 3 7 16 13
14 3 5 9 9
13 3 4 11 10
14 3 6 10 9
5 1 2 3 3
26 5 9 19 17
Other Benefits Long-term care insurance .......................... Flexible work place .................................... Employer-provided home PC .................... Subsidized commuting ..............................
11 4 3 5
17 7 4 7
6 2 1 3
4 1 1 2
13 5 3 6
6 2 1 2
15 2 2 6
11 4 3 5
10 3 4 4
12 4 2 5
4 3 1 2
21 5 4 8
ACCESS TO SELECTED BENEFITS
1Employees
are classified as working either a full-time or part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Union workers are those whose wages are determined through collective bargaining.
359
COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES
Table 6-10. Medical Care Benefits: Percent of Participants Required to Contribute and Average Employee Contribution, Private Industry, March 2005 (Dollars, percent.) Worker characteristic1 Benefit program
Total employees
Whitecollar occupations
Blue-collar occupations
Service occupations
Full-time
Part-time
Establishment characteristic
Union
Nonunion
Goodsproducing
Serviceproducing
1-99 workers
100 workers or more
SINGLE COVERAGE Average monthly employer premium ......... Employee contributions not required ......... Employee contributions required ...............
252.22 24 76
251.12 22 78
254.98 29 71
249.09 21 79
252.76 24 76
242.43 20 80
295.11 43 57
243.99 21 79
256.05 27 73
250.61 23 77
245.44 31 69
257.80 18 82
575.77 12 88
580.17 9 91
586.14 18 82
515.37 11 89
577.24 12 88
548.49 17 83
645.90 35 65
562.48 8 92
611.16 18 82
560.89 10 90
524.54 14 86
617.45 11 89
FAMILY COVERAGE Average monthly employer premium ......... Employee contributions not required ......... Employee contributions required ...............
1Employees
are classified as working either a full-time or part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Union workers are those whose wages are determined through collective bargaining.
360
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 6-11. Mean Hourly Earnings and Weekly Hours by Selected Characteristics, Private Industry and State and Local Government, National Compensation Survey 1, July 2004 (Dollars, numbers.) Worker and establishment characteristics and geographic areas
Total
Private
State and local government
Mean hourly earnings
Mean weekly hours
Mean hourly earnings
Mean weekly hours
Mean hourly earnings
Mean weekly hours
18.09
35.7
17.25
35.6
22.77
36.8
22.34 29.40 32.43 15.20 14.21
36.1 36.3 39.9 32.3 36.6
21.53 28.87 32.84 15.21 14.13
36.0 36.4 40.2 32.3 36.6
25.73 30.50 30.48 14.22 14.57
36.5 36.1 38.4 34.1 36.5
Blue–collar occupations ............................................. Precision production, craft, and repair ..................... Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ..... Transportation and material moving ........................ Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ............................................................. Service occupations ................................................
15.46 19.46 13.70 15.01
38.0 39.5 39.1 37.7
15.34 19.41 13.69 14.83
38.1 39.5 39.1 38.1
17.59 20.05 16.70 16.64
37.6 39.8 38.4 34.4
11.61 10.65
35.0 31.8
11.42 9.12
34.8 30.7
14.45 17.06
38.6 37.1
Full–time ...................................................................... Part–time .....................................................................
19.14 10.01
39.6 20.5
18.36 9.59
39.7 20.6
23.17 15.57
38.8 19.2
Union ........................................................................... Nonunion .....................................................................
22.18 17.21
36.8 35.5
20.32 16.83
36.9 35.4
24.80 20.82
36.7 36.8
Time ............................................................................ Incentive ......................................................................
17.86 22.45
35.6 38.3
16.93 22.45
35.4 38.3
22.77 ...
36.8 ...
(3) (3)
(3) (3)
18.96 16.63
39.5 34.3
(3) (3)
(3) (3)
1 to 99 workers 4 ......................................................... 100 to 499 workers ...................................................... 500 to 999 workers ...................................................... 1000 to 2499 workers .................................................. 2500 workers or more .................................................
15.39 17.23 19.94 21.65 24.72
34.5 36.3 37.0 36.7 37.4
15.35 16.73 19.05 21.27 25.93
34.5 36.4 37.3 36.7 37.3
18.23 21.18 23.00 22.64 23.69
36.1 35.6 36.1 36.6 37.6
Geographic Areas Metropolitan ................................................................. Nonmetropolitan ..........................................................
18.59 14.79
35.7 36.2
17.76 13.50
35.5 35.9
23.64 19.15
36.7 36.9
New England ............................................................... Middle Atlantic ............................................................. East North Central ....................................................... West North Central ...................................................... South Atlantic ..............................................................
20.12 20.59 18.21 16.84 16.71
34.5 35.0 35.3 35.3 36.2
19.20 19.62 17.38 16.02 16.05
34.4 35.0 35.2 35.0 35.7
26.10 26.15 23.57 21.40 19.94
35.8 35.5 36.0 37.2 38.4
East South Central ...................................................... West South Central ..................................................... Mountain ...................................................................... Pacific ..........................................................................
14.49 16.07 16.90 20.70
37.4 36.6 35.8 35.7
13.87 15.47 15.80 19.63
37.4 36.3 35.6 35.8
18.99 19.10 23.00 26.45
37.4 38.2 37.2 35.4
TOTAL ........................................................................ Characteristics 2
Worker White–collar occupations ............................................ Professional specialty and technical ....................... Executive, administrative, and managerial .............. Sales ....................................................................... Administrative support .............................................
Establishment Characteristics Goods–producing ........................................................ Service–producing .......................................................
1This
survey covers all 50 states. Collection was conducted between December 2003 and January 2005. The average reference period was July 2004. are classified as working either a full-time or part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Union workers are those whose wages are determined through collective bargaining. Wages of time workers are based solely on hourly rate or salary; incentive workers are those whose wages are at least partly based on productivity payments such as piece rates, commissions, and production bonuses. 3Classification of establishments into goods-producing and service-producing industries applies to private industry only. 4Estimates include private establishments employing 1 to 99 workers and state and local government establishments employing 50 to 99 workers. . . . = Not available. 2Employees
COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES
361
Table 6-12. Mean Hourly Earnings and Weekly Hours for Selected Characteristics, Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Areas 1, National Compensation Survey 2, July 2004 (Dollars, numbers.) Total
Metropolitan areas
Nonmetropolitan areas
Occupation Mean hourly earnings
Mean weekly hours
Mean hourly earnings
Mean weekly hours
Mean hourly earnings
Mean weekly hours
TOTAL ........................................................................
18.09
35.7
18.59
35.7
14.79
36.2
Industry Private industry ............................................................ State and local government .........................................
17.25 22.77
35.6 36.8
17.76 23.64
35.5 36.7
13.50 19.15
35.9 36.9
Worker Characteristics 3 White–collar occupations ............................................ Professional specialty and technical ....................... Executive, administrative, and managerial .............. Sales ....................................................................... Administrative support .............................................
22.34 29.40 32.43 15.20 14.21
36.1 36.3 39.9 32.3 36.6
22.78 30.13 32.89 15.59 14.46
36.1 36.3 39.9 32.3 36.6
18.45 23.99 27.39 11.44 12.00
36.1 36.1 39.9 32.6 36.6
Blue–collar occupations ............................................. Precision production, craft, and repair ..................... Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ..... Transportation and material moving ........................ Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ............................................................. Service occupations ................................................
15.46 19.46 13.70 15.01
38.0 39.5 39.1 37.7
15.66 19.73 13.80 15.08
37.9 39.5 39.0 37.7
14.32 17.74 13.27 14.58
38.6 39.8 39.6 37.7
11.61 10.65
35.0 31.8
11.78 10.92
34.8 31.5
10.53 9.39
36.3 33.3
Full-time ....................................................................... Part-time ......................................................................
19.14 10.01
39.6 20.5
19.70 10.12
39.5 20.5
15.44 9.23
39.6 20.8
Union ........................................................................... Nonunion .....................................................................
22.18 17.21
36.8 35.5
22.56 17.70
36.7 35.5
19.11 14.03
38.0 35.9
Time ............................................................................ Incentive ......................................................................
17.86 22.45
35.6 38.3
18.34 23.11
35.6 38.2
14.70 16.79
36.0 40.0
Establishment Characteristics Goods–producing 4 ...................................................... Service–producing 4 ....................................................
18.96 16.63
39.5 34.3
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
1 to 99 workers 5 ......................................................... 100 to 499 workers ...................................................... 500 to 999 workers ...................................................... 1000 to 2499 workers .................................................. 2500 workers or more .................................................
15.39 17.23 19.94 21.65 24.72
34.5 36.3 37.0 36.7 37.4
15.69 17.66 20.46 22.61 25.32
34.6 36.2 36.8 36.4 37.3
12.98 15.12 17.83 16.56 14.19
34.0 36.9 37.8 38.2 40.0
Geographic Areas New England ............................................................... Middle Atlantic ............................................................. East North Central ....................................................... West North Central ...................................................... South Atlantic ..............................................................
20.12 20.59 18.21 16.84 16.71
34.5 35.0 35.3 35.3 36.2
20.62 20.80 18.60 17.61 17.06
34.5 35.1 35.3 35.5 36.1
15.85 16.59 15.58 14.00 14.35
34.6 35.0 35.6 35.0 36.8
East South Central ...................................................... West South Central ..................................................... Mountain ...................................................................... Pacific ..........................................................................
14.49 16.07 16.90 20.70
37.4 36.6 35.8 35.7
15.42 16.22 16.97 20.94
36.6 36.7 35.8 35.7
12.99 14.94 16.60 16.43
38.7 35.7 35.5 34.9
1A
metropolitan area can be a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) or a Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area (CMSA) as defined by the Office of Management and Budget, 1994. Nonmetropolitan areas are counties that do not fit the definitions above. was conducted between December 2003 and January 2005. The average reference period was July 2004. a full-time or part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Union workers are those whose wages are determined through collective bargaining. Wages of time workers are based solely on hourly rate or salary; incentive workers are those whose wages are at least partially based on productivity payments such as piece rates, commissions, and production bonuses. 4Classification of establishments into goods-producing and service-producing industries applies to private industry only. 5Estimates include private establishments employing 1 to 99 workers and state and local government establishments employing 50 to 99 workers. . . . = Not available. 2This survey covers all 50 states. Collection 3Employees are classified as working either
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HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 6-13. Mean Hourly Earnings and Weekly Hours for Selected Occupations, Full-Time and Part-Time Workers, 1 National Compensation Survey 2, July 2004 (Dollars, numbers.) Total Occupation
Mean hourly earnings
Full-time
Mean weekly hours
Mean hourly earnings
Part-time
Mean weekly hours
Mean hourly earnings
Mean weekly hours
ALL OCCUPATIONS ................................................................
18.09
35.7
19.14
39.6
10.01
20.5
White–Collar Occupations .................................................. Professional specialty and technical ...................................... Executive, administrative, and managerial ............................ Sales ....................................................................................... Administrative support, including clerical ................................
22.34 29.40 32.43 15.20 14.21
36.1 36.3 39.9 32.3 36.6
23.40 29.77 32.54 17.74 14.51
39.5 38.9 40.4 40.1 39.3
12.61 23.92 22.91 7.96 11.15
20.3 18.3 18.4 20.8 21.5
Blue–Collar Occupations ..................................................... Precision production, craft, and repair .................................... Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors ................... Transportation and material moving ....................................... Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ............ Service ....................................................................................
15.46 19.46 13.70 15.01 11.61 10.65
38.0 39.5 39.1 37.7 35.0 31.8
15.86 19.54 13.83 15.47 12.15 11.72
40.0 40.0 39.8 40.9 39.7 39.0
9.40 12.60 8.98 10.35 8.69 7.41
21.5 20.1 24.5 20.9 21.3 20.4
1Total
includes full-time and part-time workers. Employees are classified as working either a full-time or a part-time schedule based on the definition used by each establishment. Therefore, a worker with a schedule of 35 hours per week might be considered a full-time employee in one establishment, but classified as part-time in another firm with a 40-hour week minimum full-time schedule. 2This survey covers all 50 states. Collection was conducted between December 2003 and January 2005. The average reference period was July 2004.
PART SEVEN PRICES
PRICES HIGHLIGHTS This part examines the movement of prices, one of the most important indicators of the state of the economy. It covers three price indexes: prices received by producers (PPI); prices paid by consumers (CPI); and prices involved in foreign trade, export, and import price indexes.
Producer and Consumer Price Indexes, Energy Commodities, 1994–2004 175.0 150.0 125.0 100.0 75.0 50.0 25.0 0.0 1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Year Producer Price Index: Fuels and related products and power Consumer Price Index: Energy commodities
The graph shows that the two indexes have moved virtually identically. There has been a sharp increase in fuel prices since 2002, most notably in gasoline and heating fuel. From 1994 to 2004, energy commodities have increased 65 percent; they have increased 24.5 percent since 2000. (Tables 7-2 and 7-5)
OTHER HIGHLIGHTS: • The PPI for finished goods continued to rise in 2004. It increased 3.6 percent, largely as a result of the price increase in consumer goods. Capital goods increased much more slowly, having risen at a rate of only 1.4 percent. (Table 7-1) • The PPI for all commodities rose 6.2 percent from 2003 to 2004. Metal and metal products led the way with a 15.8 percent increase. Additionally, fuels rose 12.4 percent, farm products went up 10.6 percent, and lumber increased 10.2 percent. (Table 7-2) • The CPI for all items rose 2.7 percent in 2004. Although total commodities increased by only 2.3 percent, the CPI for energy commodities had a significant gain, rising 17.9 percent in just one year. (Table 7-4 and Table 7-5) • Housing, transportation, and food now constitute 75.8 percent of the total weight in the CPI-W and 74.7 percent of the weight in the CPI-U. (Table 7-9) • December 2003 to December 2004 saw a 6.7 percent rise in the total import price index with a 43.5 percent increase in the price of gas and a 28 percent increase in petroleum product prices. (Table 7-12) The export price index (XPI) increased 4.0 percent. However, it grew much more rapidly for mineral fuels, lubricants, and related materials, increasing 32.3 percent in just one year. (Table 7-11)
365
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HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
NOTES AND DEFINITIONS PRODUCER PRICE INDEX Coverage The Producer Price Index (PPI) measures average changes in prices received by domestic producers of goods and services. Most of the information used in calculating the indexes is obtained through the systematic sampling of nearly every industry in the manufacturing and mining sectors of the economy. The PPI program also includes data from other sectors, including agriculture, fishing, forestry, services, and gas and electricity. As producer price indexes are designed to measure only the change in prices received for the output of domestic industries, imports are not included. The sample currently contains about 100,000 price quotations per month. Producer price indexes are based on selling prices reported by establishments of all sizes as selected by probability sampling, with the probability of selection proportionate to size. Individual items and transaction terms from these firms are also chosen by probability proportionate to size. BLS strongly encourages cooperating companies to supply actual transaction prices at the time of shipment to minimize the use of list prices. Prices are normally reported monthly by mail questionnaire for the Tuesday of the week containing the 13th of the month. Price data are always provided on a voluntary and confidential basis; only BLS employees, sworn to secrecy, are allowed access to individual company price reports. BLS publishes price indexes instead of unit dollar prices. All producer price indexes are routinely subject to revision once, four months after original publication, to reflect the availability of late reports and corrections by respondents. There are three primary systems of indexes within the PPI program: (1) stage-of-processing indexes, (2) indexes for the net output of industries and their products, and (3) commodity indexes. The commodity-based stage-of-processing structure organizes products by class of buyer and degree of fabrication. The entire output of various industries is sampled to derive price indexes for the net output of industries and their products. The commodity structure organizes products by similarity of end-use or material composition. Within the commodity stage-of-processing system, finished goods are commodities that will not undergo further processing and are ready for sale to the final demand user—either an individual consumer or a business firm. Consumer foods include unprocessed foods, such as eggs and fresh vegetables, as well as processed foods, such as bakery products and meats. Other finished consumer goods include durable goods, such as automobiles, household furniture, and appliances; and nondurable goods, such
as apparel and home heating oil. Capital equipment includes producer durable goods, such as heavy motor trucks, tractors, and machine tools. The stage-of-processing category for intermediate materials, supplies, and components consists partly of commodities that have been processed but require further processing. Examples of such semi-finished goods include flour, cotton, yarn, steel mill products, and lumber. The intermediate goods category also encompasses physically complete nondurable goods purchased by business firms as inputs for their operations. Examples include diesel fuel, belts and belting, paper boxes, and fertilizers. Crude materials for further processing are products entering the market for the first time that have not been manufactured or fabricated and that are not sold directly to consumers. Crude foodstuffs and feedstuffs include items such as grains and livestock. Examples of crude nonfood materials include raw cotton, crude petroleum, coal, hides and skins, and iron and steel scrap. Producer price indexes for the net output of industries and their products are grouped according to the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) and the census product code extensions of the SIC. Industry price indexes are compatible with other economic time series organized by SIC codes, such as data on employment, wages, and productivity. Net output values of shipments are used as weights for industry indexes. Net output values refer to the value of shipments from establishments in one industry shipped to establishments classified in another industry. However, weights for commodity price indexes are based on gross shipment values, including shipment values between establishments within the same industry. As a result, commodity aggregate indexes, such as the all commodities index, are affected by the multiple counting of price change at successive stages of processing.This can lead to exaggerated or misleading signals about inflation. Stage-of-processing indexes partially correct this defect, but industry indexes consistently correct this weakness at all levels of aggregation. Therefore, industry and stage-of-processing indexes are more appropriate than commodity aggregate indexes for economic analysis of general price trends. Weights for most traditional commodity groupings of the PPI, as well as all indexes calculated from traditional commodity groupings (such as stage-of-processing indexes), currently reflect 1992 values of shipments as reported in the Census of Manufactures and other sources. Major industry group indexes, which are based on the SIC system, are currently calculated using 1992 net output weights. With the release of data for January 2004, the Producer Price Index program changed its basis for industry classi-
PRICES
fication from the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system to the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). The PPI treats the SIC-toNAICS comparison as continuous if 80 percent or more of the weight of the SIC- based index comprises at least 80 percent of the weight of the NAICS-based index. All index series that have passed this test are published under the NAICS structure using the index base date and price index history established by the SIC-based index. Sources of Additional Information Additional information is published monthly by the BLS in the Producer Price Index Detailed Report. For information on the underlying concepts and methodology of the Producer Price Index, see Chapter 14 in the BLS Handbook of Methods available on the BLS Web site.
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HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 7-1. Producer Price Indexes by Stage of Processing, 1947–2004 (1982 = 100.) Crude materials for further processing
Year Total
Foodstuffs Nonfood and materials, feedstuffs except fuel
Intermediate materials, supplies, and components
Fuel
Total
Materials Compoand Processed nents for components fuels and Containers manufacfor lubricants turing construction
Finished goods
Supplies
Total
Consumer Capital goods equipment
1947 ..................................... 1948 ..................................... 1949 .....................................
31.7 34.7 30.1
45.1 48.8 40.5
24.0 26.7 24.3
7.5 8.9 8.8
23.3 25.2 24.2
22.5 24.9 24.9
21.3 23.0 23.4
14.4 16.4 14.9
23.4 24.4 24.5
28.5 29.8 28.0
26.4 28.5 27.7
28.6 30.8 29.4
19.8 21.6 22.7
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
..................................... ..................................... ..................................... ..................................... .....................................
32.7 37.6 34.5 31.9 31.6
43.4 50.2 47.3 42.3 42.3
27.8 32.0 27.8 26.6 26.1
8.8 9.0 9.0 9.3 8.9
25.3 28.4 27.5 27.7 27.9
26.2 28.7 28.5 29.0 29.1
24.3 27.6 27.6 28.1 28.3
15.2 15.9 15.7 15.8 15.8
25.2 29.6 28.0 28.0 28.5
29.0 32.6 32.6 31.0 31.7
28.2 30.8 30.6 30.3 30.4
29.9 32.7 32.3 31.7 31.7
23.2 25.5 25.9 26.3 26.7
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
..................................... ..................................... ..................................... ..................................... .....................................
30.4 30.6 31.2 31.9 31.1
38.4 37.6 39.2 41.6 38.8
27.5 28.6 28.2 27.1 28.1
8.9 9.5 10.1 10.2 10.4
28.4 29.6 30.3 30.4 30.8
30.3 31.8 32.0 32.0 32.9
29.5 32.2 33.5 33.8 34.2
15.8 16.3 17.2 16.2 16.2
28.9 31.0 32.4 33.2 33.0
31.2 32.0 32.3 33.1 33.5
30.5 31.3 32.5 33.2 33.1
31.5 32.0 32.9 33.6 33.3
27.4 29.5 31.3 32.1 32.7
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
..................................... ..................................... ..................................... ..................................... .....................................
30.4 30.2 30.5 29.9 29.6
38.4 37.9 38.6 37.5 36.6
26.9 27.2 27.1 26.7 27.2
10.5 10.5 10.4 10.5 10.5
30.8 30.6 30.6 30.7 30.8
32.7 32.2 32.1 32.2 32.5
34.0 33.7 33.4 33.4 33.7
16.6 16.8 16.7 16.6 16.2
33.4 33.2 33.6 33.2 32.9
33.3 33.7 34.5 35.0 34.7
33.4 33.4 33.5 33.4 33.5
33.6 33.6 33.7 33.5 33.6
32.8 32.9 33.0 33.1 33.4
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
..................................... ..................................... ..................................... ..................................... .....................................
31.1 33.1 31.3 31.8 33.9
39.2 42.7 40.3 40.9 44.1
27.7 28.3 26.5 27.1 28.4
10.6 10.9 11.3 11.5 12.0
31.2 32.0 32.2 33.0 34.1
32.8 33.6 34.0 35.7 37.7
34.2 35.4 36.5 37.3 38.5
16.5 16.8 16.9 16.5 16.6
33.5 34.5 35.0 35.9 37.2
35.0 36.5 36.8 37.1 37.8
34.1 35.2 35.6 36.6 38.0
34.2 35.4 35.6 36.5 37.9
33.8 34.6 35.8 37.0 38.3
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
..................................... ..................................... ..................................... ..................................... .....................................
35.2 36.0 39.9 54.5 61.4
45.2 46.1 51.5 72.6 76.4
29.1 29.4 32.3 42.9 54.5
13.8 15.7 16.8 18.6 24.8
35.4 36.8 38.2 42.4 52.5
38.3 40.8 43.0 46.5 55.0
40.6 41.9 42.9 44.3 51.1
17.7 19.5 20.1 22.2 33.6
39.0 40.8 42.7 45.2 53.3
39.7 40.8 42.5 51.7 56.8
39.3 40.5 41.8 45.6 52.6
39.1 40.2 41.5 46.0 53.1
40.1 41.7 42.8 44.2 50.5
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
..................................... ..................................... ..................................... ..................................... .....................................
61.6 63.4 65.5 73.4 85.9
77.4 76.8 77.5 87.3 100.0
50.0 54.9 56.3 61.9 75.5
30.6 34.5 42.0 48.2 57.3
58.0 60.9 64.9 69.5 78.4
60.1 64.1 69.3 76.5 84.2
57.8 60.8 64.5 69.2 75.8
39.4 42.3 47.7 49.9 61.6
60.0 63.1 65.9 71.0 79.4
61.8 65.8 69.3 72.9 80.2
58.2 60.8 64.7 69.8 77.6
58.2 60.4 64.3 69.4 77.5
58.2 62.1 66.1 71.3 77.5
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
..................................... ..................................... ..................................... ..................................... .....................................
95.3 103.0 100.0 101.3 103.5
104.6 103.9 100.0 101.8 104.7
91.8 109.8 100.0 98.8 101.0
69.4 84.8 100.0 105.1 105.1
90.3 98.6 100.0 100.6 103.1
91.3 97.9 100.0 102.8 105.6
84.6 94.7 100.0 102.4 105.0
85.0 100.6 100.0 95.4 95.7
89.1 96.7 100.0 100.4 105.9
89.9 96.9 100.0 101.8 104.1
88.0 96.1 100.0 101.6 103.7
88.6 96.6 100.0 101.3 103.3
85.8 94.6 100.0 102.8 105.2
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
..................................... ..................................... ..................................... ..................................... .....................................
95.8 87.7 93.7 96.0 103.1
94.8 93.2 96.2 106.1 111.2
94.3 76.0 88.5 85.9 95.8
102.7 92.2 84.1 82.1 85.3
102.7 99.1 101.5 107.1 112.0
107.3 108.1 109.8 116.1 121.3
106.4 107.5 108.8 112.3 116.4
92.8 72.7 73.3 71.2 76.4
109.0 110.3 114.5 120.1 125.4
104.4 105.6 107.7 113.7 118.1
104.7 103.2 105.4 108.0 113.6
103.8 101.4 103.6 106.2 112.1
107.5 109.7 111.7 114.3 118.8
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
..................................... ..................................... ..................................... ..................................... .....................................
108.9 101.2 100.4 102.4 101.8
113.1 105.5 105.1 108.4 106.5
107.3 97.5 94.2 94.1 97.0
84.8 82.9 84.0 87.1 82.4
114.5 114.4 114.7 116.2 118.5
122.9 124.5 126.5 132.0 136.6
119.0 121.0 122.0 123.0 124.3
85.9 85.3 84.5 84.7 83.1
127.7 128.1 127.7 126.4 129.7
119.4 121.4 122.7 125.0 127.0
119.2 121.7 123.2 124.7 125.5
118.2 120.5 121.7 123.0 123.3
122.9 126.7 129.1 131.4 134.1
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
..................................... ..................................... ..................................... ..................................... .....................................
102.7 113.8 111.1 96.8 98.2
105.8 121.5 112.2 103.9 98.7
105.8 105.7 103.5 84.5 91.1
72.1 92.6 101.3 86.7 91.2
124.9 125.7 125.6 123.0 123.2
142.1 143.6 146.5 146.8 148.9
126.5 126.9 126.4 125.9 125.7
84.2 90.0 89.3 81.1 84.6
148.8 141.1 136.0 140.8 142.5
132.1 135.9 135.9 134.8 134.2
127.9 131.3 131.8 130.7 133.0
125.6 129.5 130.2 128.9 132.0
136.7 138.3 138.2 137.6 137.6
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
..................................... ..................................... ..................................... ..................................... .....................................
120.6 121.0 108.1 135.3 159.0
100.2 106.1 99.5 113.5 127.0
118.0 101.5 101.0 116.9 149.2
136.9 151.4 117.3 185.7 211.4
129.2 129.7 127.8 133.7 142.6
150.7 150.6 151.3 153.6 166.4
126.2 126.4 126.1 125.9 127.4
102.0 104.5 96.3 112.6 124.3
151.6 153.1 152.1 153.7 159.3
136.9 138.7 138.9 141.5 146.7
138.0 140.7 138.9 143.3 148.5
138.2 141.5 139.4 145.3 151.7
138.8 139.7 139.1 139.5 141.4
369
PRICES
Table 7-2. Producer Price Indexes by Commodity Groups, 1913–2004 (1982 = 100.) Industrial commodities
Year
Processed All comFarm foods and modities products feeds
Total
Fuels Hides, Pulp, Furniture and Textile Chemic- Rubber Lumber Metals MachinNonmeleather, paper, and related als and products and and and ery and tallic and and houseproducts related plastics and wood metal equipmineral related allied hold and apparel products products products products ment products products products durables power
Transportation equipment
Miscellaneous products
1913 .................... 1914 ....................
12.0 11.8
18.0 17.9
... ...
11.9 11.3
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
1915 1916 1917 1918 1919
.................... .................... .................... .................... ....................
12.0 14.7 20.2 22.6 23.9
18.0 21.3 32.6 37.4 39.8
... ... ... ... ...
11.6 15.0 19.5 21.1 22.0
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1920 1921 1922 1923 1924
.................... .................... .................... .................... ....................
26.6 16.8 16.7 17.3 16.9
38.0 22.3 23.7 24.9 25.2
... ... ... ... ...
27.4 17.8 17.4 17.8 17.0
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1925 1926 1927 1928 1929
.................... .................... .................... .................... ....................
17.8 17.2 16.5 16.7 16.4
27.7 25.3 25.1 26.7 26.4
... ... ... ... ...
17.5 17.0 16.0 15.8 15.6
... ... ... ... ...
... 17.1 18.4 20.7 18.6
... 10.3 9.1 8.7 8.6
... ... ... ... ...
... 47.1 35.7 28.3 24.6
... 9.3 8.8 8.5 8.8
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... 12.9 13.3
... ... ... ... ...
... 28.6 27.9 27.2 27.0
... 16.4 15.7 16.2 16.0
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1930 1931 1932 1933 1934
.................... .................... .................... .................... ....................
14.9 12.6 11.2 11.4 12.9
22.4 16.4 12.2 13.0 16.5
... ... ... ... ...
14.5 12.8 11.9 12.1 13.3
... ... ... ... ...
17.1 14.7 12.5 13.8 14.8
8.1 7.0 7.3 6.9 7.6
... ... ... 16.2 17.0
21.5 18.3 15.9 16.7 19.5
8.0 6.5 5.6 6.7 7.8
... ... ... ... ...
12.0 10.8 9.9 10.2 11.2
... ... ... ... ...
26.5 24.4 21.5 21.6 23.4
15.9 14.9 13.9 14.7 15.7
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1935 1936 1937 1938 1939
.................... .................... .................... .................... ....................
13.8 13.9 14.9 13.5 13.3
19.8 20.4 21.8 17.3 16.5
... ... ... ... ...
13.3 13.5 14.5 13.9 13.9
... ... ... ... ...
15.3 16.3 17.9 15.8 16.3
7.6 7.9 8.0 7.9 7.5
17.7 17.8 18.6 17.7 17.6
19.6 21.1 24.9 24.4 25.4
7.5 7.9 9.3 8.5 8.7
... ... ... ... ...
11.2 11.4 13.1 12.6 12.5
... ... ... ... 14.8
23.2 23.6 26.1 25.5 25.4
15.7 15.8 16.1 15.6 15.3
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1940 1941 1942 1943 1944
.................... .................... .................... .................... ....................
13.5 15.1 17.0 17.8 17.9
17.1 20.8 26.7 30.9 31.2
... ... ... ... ...
14.1 15.1 16.2 16.5 16.7
... ... ... ... ...
17.2 18.4 20.1 20.1 19.9
7.4 7.9 8.1 8.3 8.6
17.9 19.5 21.7 21.9 22.2
23.7 25.5 29.7 30.5 30.1
9.6 11.5 12.5 13.2 14.3
... ... ... ... ...
12.5 12.8 13.0 12.9 12.9
14.9 15.1 15.4 15.2 15.1
26.0 27.6 29.9 29.7 30.5
15.3 15.7 16.3 16.4 16.7
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1945 1946 1947 1948 1949
.................... .................... .................... .................... ....................
18.2 20.8 25.6 27.7 26.3
32.4 37.5 45.1 48.5 41.9
... ... 33.0 35.3 32.1
17.0 18.6 22.7 24.6 24.1
... ... 50.6 52.8 48.3
20.1 23.3 31.7 32.1 30.4
8.7 9.3 11.1 13.1 12.4
22.3 24.1 32.1 32.8 30.0
29.2 29.3 29.2 30.2 29.2
14.5 16.6 25.8 29.5 27.3
... ... 25.1 26.2 25.1
13.1 14.7 18.2 20.7 20.9
15.1 16.6 19.3 20.9 21.9
30.5 32.4 37.2 39.4 40.1
17.4 18.5 20.7 22.4 23.0
... ... ... ... ...
... ... 26.6 27.7 28.2
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
.................... .................... .................... .................... ....................
27.3 30.4 29.6 29.2 29.3
44.0 51.2 48.4 43.8 43.2
33.2 36.9 36.4 34.8 35.4
25.0 27.6 26.9 27.2 27.2
50.2 56.0 50.5 49.3 48.2
32.9 37.7 30.5 31.0 29.5
12.6 13.0 13.0 13.4 13.2
30.4 34.8 33.0 33.4 33.8
35.6 43.7 39.6 36.9 37.5
31.4 34.1 33.2 33.1 32.5
25.7 30.5 29.7 29.6 29.6
22.0 24.5 24.5 25.3 25.5
22.6 25.3 25.3 25.9 26.3
40.9 44.4 43.5 44.4 44.9
23.5 25.0 25.0 26.0 26.6
... ... ... ... ...
28.6 30.3 30.2 31.0 31.3
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
.................... .................... .................... .................... ....................
29.3 30.3 31.2 31.6 31.7
40.5 40.0 41.1 42.9 40.2
33.8 33.8 34.8 36.5 35.6
27.8 29.1 29.9 30.0 30.5
48.2 48.2 48.3 47.4 48.1
29.4 31.2 31.2 31.6 35.9
13.2 13.6 14.3 13.7 13.7
33.7 33.9 34.6 34.9 34.8
42.4 43.0 42.8 42.8 42.6
34.1 34.6 32.8 32.5 34.7
30.4 32.4 33.0 33.4 33.7
27.2 29.6 30.2 30.0 30.6
27.2 29.3 31.4 32.1 32.8
45.1 46.3 47.5 47.9 48.0
27.3 28.5 29.6 29.9 30.3
... ... ... ... ...
31.3 31.7 32.6 33.3 33.4
. . . = Not available.
370
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 7-2. Producer Price Indexes by Commodity Groups, 1913–2004—Continued (1982 = 100.) Industrial commodities
Year
Processed All comFarm foods and modities products feeds
Total
Fuels Hides, Pulp, Furniture and Textile Chemic- Rubber Lumber Metals MachinNonmeleather, paper, and related als and products and and and ery and tallic and and houseproducts related plastics and wood metal equipmineral related allied hold and apparel products products products products ment products products products durables power
Transportation equipment
Miscellaneous products
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
.................... .................... .................... .................... ....................
31.7 31.6 31.7 31.6 31.6
40.1 39.7 40.4 39.6 39.0
35.6 36.2 36.5 36.8 36.7
30.5 30.4 30.4 30.3 30.5
48.6 47.8 48.2 48.2 48.5
34.6 34.9 35.3 34.3 34.4
13.9 14.0 14.0 13.9 13.5
34.8 34.5 33.9 33.5 33.6
42.7 41.1 39.9 40.1 39.6
33.5 32.0 32.2 32.8 33.5
34.0 33.0 33.4 33.1 33.0
30.6 30.5 30.2 30.3 31.1
33.0 33.0 33.0 33.1 33.3
47.8 47.5 47.2 46.9 47.1
30.4 30.5 30.5 30.3 30.4
... ... ... ... ...
33.6 33.7 33.9 34.2 34.4
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
.................... .................... .................... .................... ....................
32.3 33.3 33.4 34.2 35.6
40.7 43.7 41.3 42.3 45.0
38.0 40.2 39.8 40.6 42.7
30.9 31.5 32.0 32.8 33.9
48.8 48.9 48.9 50.7 51.8
35.9 39.4 38.1 39.3 41.5
13.8 14.1 14.4 14.3 14.6
33.9 34.0 34.2 34.1 34.2
39.7 40.5 41.4 42.8 43.6
33.7 35.2 35.1 39.8 44.0
33.3 34.2 34.6 35.0 36.0
32.0 32.8 33.2 34.0 36.0
33.7 34.7 35.9 37.0 38.2
46.8 47.4 48.3 49.7 50.7
30.4 30.7 31.2 32.4 33.6
... ... ... ... 40.4
34.7 35.3 36.2 37.0 38.1
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
.................... .................... .................... .................... ....................
36.9 38.1 39.8 45.0 53.5
45.8 46.6 51.6 72.7 77.4
44.6 45.5 48.0 58.9 68.0
35.2 36.5 37.8 40.3 49.2
52.4 53.3 55.5 60.5 68.0
42.0 43.4 50.0 54.5 55.2
15.3 16.6 17.1 19.4 30.1
35.0 35.6 35.6 37.6 50.2
44.9 45.2 45.3 46.6 56.4
39.9 44.7 50.7 62.2 64.5
37.5 38.1 39.3 42.3 52.5
38.7 39.4 40.9 44.0 57.0
40.0 41.4 42.3 43.7 50.0
51.9 53.1 53.8 55.7 61.8
35.3 38.2 39.4 40.7 47.8
41.9 44.2 45.5 46.1 50.3
39.8 40.8 41.5 43.3 48.1
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
.................... .................... .................... .................... ....................
58.4 61.1 64.9 69.9 78.7
77.0 78.8 79.4 87.7 99.6
72.6 70.8 74.0 80.6 88.5
54.9 58.4 62.5 67.0 75.7
67.4 72.4 75.3 78.1 82.5
56.5 63.9 68.3 76.1 96.1
35.4 38.3 43.6 46.5 58.9
62.0 64.0 65.9 68.0 76.0
62.2 66.0 69.4 72.4 80.5
62.1 72.2 83.0 96.9 105.5
59.0 62.1 64.6 67.7 75.9
61.5 65.0 69.3 75.3 86.0
57.9 61.3 65.2 70.3 76.7
67.5 70.3 73.2 77.5 82.8
54.4 58.2 62.6 69.6 77.6
56.7 60.5 64.6 69.5 75.3
53.4 55.6 59.4 66.7 75.5
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
.................... .................... .................... .................... ....................
89.8 98.0 100.0 101.3 103.7
102.9 105.2 100.0 102.4 105.5
95.9 98.9 100.0 101.8 105.4
88.0 97.4 100.0 101.1 103.3
89.7 97.6 100.0 100.3 102.7
94.7 99.3 100.0 103.2 109.0
82.8 100.2 100.0 95.9 94.8
89.0 98.4 100.0 100.3 102.9
90.1 96.4 100.0 100.8 102.3
101.5 102.8 100.0 107.9 108.0
86.3 94.8 100.0 103.3 110.3
95.0 99.6 100.0 101.8 104.8
86.0 94.4 100.0 102.7 105.1
90.7 95.9 100.0 103.4 105.7
88.4 96.7 100.0 101.6 105.4
82.9 94.3 100.0 102.8 105.2
93.6 96.1 100.0 104.8 107.0
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
.................... .................... .................... .................... ....................
103.2 100.2 102.8 106.9 112.2
95.1 92.9 95.5 104.9 110.9
103.5 105.4 107.9 112.7 117.8
103.7 100.0 102.6 106.3 111.6
102.9 103.2 105.1 109.2 112.3
108.9 113.0 120.4 131.4 136.3
91.4 69.8 70.2 66.7 72.9
103.7 102.6 106.4 116.3 123.0
101.9 101.9 103.0 109.3 112.6
106.6 107.2 112.8 118.9 126.7
113.3 116.1 121.8 130.4 137.8
104.4 103.2 107.1 118.7 124.1
107.2 108.8 110.4 113.2 117.4
107.1 108.2 109.9 113.1 116.9
108.6 110.0 110.0 111.2 112.6
107.9 110.5 112.5 114.3 117.7
109.4 111.6 114.9 120.2 126.5
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
.................... .................... .................... .................... ....................
116.3 116.5 117.2 118.9 120.4
112.2 105.7 103.6 107.1 106.3
121.9 121.9 122.1 124.0 125.5
115.8 116.5 117.4 119.0 120.7
115.0 116.3 117.8 118.0 118.3
141.7 138.9 140.4 143.7 148.5
82.3 81.2 80.4 80.0 77.8
123.6 125.6 125.9 128.2 132.1
113.6 115.1 115.1 116.0 117.6
129.7 132.1 146.6 174.0 180.0
141.2 142.9 145.2 147.3 152.5
122.9 120.2 119.2 119.2 124.8
120.7 123.0 123.4 124.0 125.1
119.2 121.2 122.2 123.7 126.1
114.7 117.2 117.3 120.0 124.2
121.5 126.4 130.4 133.7 137.2
134.2 140.8 145.3 145.4 141.9
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................... .................... .................... .................... ....................
124.7 127.7 127.6 124.4 125.5
107.4 122.4 112.9 104.6 98.4
127.0 133.3 134.0 131.6 131.1
125.5 127.3 127.7 124.8 126.5
120.8 122.4 122.6 122.9 121.1
153.7 150.5 154.2 148.0 146.0
78.0 85.8 86.1 75.3 80.5
142.5 142.1 143.6 143.9 144.2
124.3 123.8 123.2 122.6 122.5
178.1 176.1 183.8 179.1 183.6
172.2 168.7 167.9 171.7 174.1
134.5 131.0 131.8 127.8 124.6
126.6 126.5 125.9 124.9 124.3
128.2 130.4 130.8 131.3 131.7
129.0 131.0 133.2 135.4 138.9
139.7 141.7 141.6 141.2 141.8
145.4 147.7 150.9 156.0 166.6
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................... .................... .................... .................... ....................
132.7 134.2 131.1 138.1 146.7
99.5 103.8 99.0 111.5 123.3
133.1 137.3 136.2 143.4 151.2
134.8 135.7 132.4 139.1 147.6
121.4 121.3 119.9 119.8 121.0
151.5 158.4 157.6 162.3 164.5
103.5 105.3 93.2 112.9 126.9
151.0 151.8 151.9 161.8 174.4
125.5 127.2 126.8 130.1 133.8
178.2 174.4 173.3 177.4 195.6
183.7 184.8 185.9 190.0 195.7
128.1 125.4 125.9 129.2 149.6
124.0 123.7 122.9 121.9 122.1
132.6 133.2 133.5 133.9 135.1
142.5 144.3 146.2 148.2 153.2
143.8 145.2 144.6 145.7 148.6
170.8 181.3 182.4 179.6 183.2
. . . = Not available.
371
PRICES
Table 7-3. Producer Price Indexes for the Net Output of Selected Industries, 1994–2004 (December 1984 = 100, unless otherwise indicated.) Industry
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting Logging ........................................................................................................
192.6
194.3
185.7
191.2
188.1
182.7
177.5
167.5
165.0
168.7
175.2
Mining Oil and gas extraction ................................................................................. Mining (except oil and gas) .......................................................................... Coal mining ............................................................................................. Metal ore mining ..................................................................................... Iron ore mining ........................................................................................ Gold ore and silver ore mining ................................................................ Copper, nickel, lead, and zinc mining ..................................................... Other metal ore mining ........................................................................... Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying .............................................. Stone mining and quarrying .................................................................... Sand, gravel, clay, and refractory minerals mining .................................. Other nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying .................................... Mining support activities ...........................................................................
71.1 ... 93.2 81.4 82.1 75.9 106.9 32.9 120.5 126.3 ... 102.1 ...
66.6 ... 91.6 101.4 91.0 77.1 157.1 33.6 123.8 130.7 ... 104.2 ...
84.8 ... 91.4 92.1 95.7 78.6 117.0 31.9 127.1 133.2 ... 108.6 ...
87.5 ... 92.2 85.8 95.3 67.9 110.4 29.9 128.8 135.4 ... 107.6 ...
68.3 ... 89.5 73.2 94.5 61.1 76.8 27.6 132.2 138.8 ... 110.1 ...
78.5 ... 87.3 70.3 94.0 58.2 71.3 25.9 134.0 142.1 ... 108.0 ...
126.8 ... 84.8 73.8 93.9 57.0 88.7 26.4 137.0 147.3 ... 106.8 ...
127.5 ... 91.3 70.8 95.2 55.2 81.7 24.7 141.0 152.2 ... 107.1 ...
107.0 ... 93.9 73.6 94.2 62.6 80.1 28.9 143.5 156.1 ... 107.7 ...
160.1 ... 94.4 81.6 95.0 72.6 90.1 34.9 146.4 160.2 ... 108.4 ...
192.7 109.5 104.1 111.8 97.2 82.6 147.7 80.0 151.2 166.1 102.4 111.4 104.8
Utilities ........................................................................................................ Electric power generation, transmission, and distribution ............................ Electric power generation ............................................................................ Electric power transmission, control, and distribution .................................. Natural gas distribution ................................................................................
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
104.9 103.3 105.2 102.5 107.3
Manufacturing Food ........................................................................................................... Animal food ............................................................................................. Grain and oilseed milling .......................................................................... Flour milling and malt .............................................................................. Starch and vegetable fats and oils .......................................................... Breakfast cereal manufacturing ............................................................... Sugar and confectionery product ........................................................... Sugar ...................................................................................................... Chocolate and confectionery from cacao beans ...................................... Confectionery from purchased chocolate ................................................ Nonchocolate confectionery .................................................................... Fruit and vegetable preserving and specialty food ................................. Fruit and vegetable canning, pickling, and drying .................................... Dairy product .......................................................................................... Ice cream and frozen dessert ................................................................. Animal slaughtering and processing ....................................................... Seafood product preparation and packaging ........................................... Bakeries and tortilla ................................................................................ Bread and bakery product ....................................................................... Cookie, cracker, and pasta ..................................................................... Tortilla ..................................................................................................... Other food manufacturing ........................................................................ Snack food .............................................................................................. Coffee and tea ........................................................................................ Flavoring syrup and concentrate ............................................................. Seasoning and dressing ......................................................................... All other food ........................................................................................... Beverage and tobacco ................................................................................ Beverage ................................................................................................ Soft drink and ice .................................................................................... Breweries ................................................................................................. Wineries ................................................................................................... Distilleries ................................................................................................. Tobacco .................................................................................................. Tobacco stemming and redrying ............................................................. Tobacco product .................................................................................... Textile mills .................................................................................................. Fiber, yarn, and thread mills .................................................................... Fabric mills ............................................................................................... Broadwoven fabric mills ........................................................................... Narrow fabric mills and schiffli mach embroidery .................................... Nonwoven fabric mills .............................................................................. Knit fabric mills ......................................................................................... Textile fabric finishing/fabric coating mills ................................................ Textile and fabric finishing mills ............................................................... Fabric coating mills .................................................................................. Textile product mills ..................................................................................... Textile furnishings mills ............................................................................ Carpet and rug mills ................................................................................ Curtain and linen mills .............................................................................. Other textile product mills ........................................................................ Textile bag and canvas mills .................................................................... All other textile product mills .................................................................... Apparel manufacturing ................................................................................. Apparel knitting mills ............................................................................... Hosiery and sock mills ............................................................................. Cut and sew apparel ............................................................................... Cut and sew apparel contractors ............................................................. Men’s/boys’ cut and sew apparel ............................................................ Women’s/girls’ cut and sew apparel ....................................................... Other cut and sew apparel ...................................................................... Apparel accessories and other apparel ..................................................
120.1 ... ... ... ... ... 120.4 ... ... ... ... 123.7 ... 115.6 ... 110.7 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 118.8 ... ... ... ... 187.8 109.4 198.9 ... 107.4 ... ... 116.8 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 110.0 ... ... ... ... ... 113.0 113.0 ... ... ... ... ... ...
121.7 ... ... ... ... ... 123.3 ... ... ... ... 125.5 ... 115.8 ... 109.3 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 123.1 ... ... ... ... 193.2 112.2 204.3 ... 112.1 ... ... 119.7 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 111.6 ... ... ... ... ... 115.7 115.7 ... ... ... ... ... ...
127.1 ... ... ... ... ... 127.7 ... ... ... ... 129.7 ... 125.0 ... 114.6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 125.5 ... ... ... ... 199.1 109.7 210.5 ... 113.6 ... ... 121.2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 114.1 ... ... ... ... ... 116.6 116.6 ... ... ... ... ... ...
127.9 ... ... ... ... ... 129.3 ... ... ... ... 129.9 ... 123.9 ... 116.1 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 126.3 ... ... ... ... 210.8 106.5 223.3 ... 114.1 ... ... 122.7 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 115.7 ... ... ... ... ... 117.0 117.0 ... ... ... ... ... ...
126.3 ... ... ... ... ... 128.8 ... ... ... ... 130.1 ... 133.1 ... 109.2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 127.2 ... ... ... ... 243.1 104.2 260.4 ... 112.1 ... ... 123.8 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 116.3 ... ... ... ... ... 116.6 116.6 ... ... ... ... ... ...
126.3 ... ... ... ... ... 129.4 ... ... ... ... 131.7 ... 133.8 ... 108.9 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 129.8 ... ... ... ... 325.7 104.7 356.7 ... 106.9 ... ... 124.3 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 115.4 ... ... ... ... ... 114.0 114.0 ... ... ... ... ... ...
128.5 ... ... ... ... ... 127.5 ... ... ... ... 132.1 ... 129.9 ... 115.0 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 134.4 ... ... ... ... 345.8 109.0 379.3 ... 105.5 ... ... 125.3 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 117.8 ... ... ... ... ... 113.9 113.9 ... ... ... .. . ... ...
132.8 ... ... ... ... ... 129.3 ... ... ... ... 133.3 ... 141.2 ... 120.3 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 138.6 ... ... ... ... 386.1 112.3 425.8 ... 103.0 ... ... 126.2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 118.9 ... ... ... ... ... 113.7 113.7 ... ... ... ... ... ...
132.0 ... ... ... ... ... 133.7 ... ... ... ... 135.2 ... 133.3 ... 114.0 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 140.8 ... ... ... ... 401.9 114.7 442.8 ... 99.8 ... ... 126.0 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 119.0 ... ... ... ... ... 112.7 112.7 ... ... ... ... ... ...
137.4 ... ... ... ... ... 139.5 ... ... ... ... 136.6 ... 135.8 ... 125.8 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 142.7 ... ... ... ... 377.9 117.5 411.7 ... 100.9 ... ... 125.1 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 121.8 ... ... ... ... ... 111.6 111.6 ... ... ... ... ... ...
144.3 103.3 103.1 102.6 103.6 101.7 141.4 99.7 100.1 100.1 104.0 139.2 100.5 151.0 103.3 134.2 102.4 100.8 101.1 100.5 100.4 101.1 101.4 101.7 101.0 101.1 100.4 101.0 146.4 102.1 101.3 100.7 100.1 379.7 119.4 412.5 101.1 105.6 101.0 101.1 126.2 101.5 100.4 99.9 99.8 100.2 101.4 101.1 124.6 100.2 102.0 102.7 101.7 100.0 110.3 111.4 100.2 100.2 100.4 100.1 100.2 100.5
Leather and allied product ......................................................................... Leather and hide tanning and finishing ....................................................
130.6 171.9
134.1 183.9
134.7 172.4
137.1 176.9
137.1 171.6
136.5 168.8
137.9 174.6
141.3 191.7
141.1 191.4
142.8 200.5
143.6 205.7
. . . = Not available.
372
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 7-3. Producer Price Indexes for the Net Output of Selected Industries, 1994–2004—Continued (December 1984 = 100, unless otherwise indicated.) Industry Footwear ................................................................................................. Other leather and allied product .............................................................. Wood products manufacturing ..................................................................... Sawmills and wood preservation ............................................................. Veneer, plywood, and engineered wood product .................................... Other wood product ................................................................................ Millwork .................................................................................................... Wood container and pallet ...................................................................... All other wood product ............................................................................ Paper manufacturing .................................................................................... Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills ........................................................... Pulp mills .................................................................................................. Paper mills .............................................................................................. Paperboard mills ..................................................................................... Converted paper product ........................................................................ Paper container ...................................................................................... Paper bag and coated and treated paper ............................................... Stationery product ................................................................................... Other converted paper product ............................................................... Printing and related support activities .......................................................... Printing ..................................................................................................... Printing support activities ......................................................................... Petroleum and coal products ...................................................................... Petroleum refineries ................................................................................ Asphalt paving, roofing, and saturated materials ................................... Other petroleum and coal products ........................................................ Chemical ................................................................................................ Basic chemical ....................................................................................... Petrochemical ......................................................................................... Industrial gas ........................................................................................... Synthetic dye and pigment ...................................................................... Other basic inorganic chemical ............................................................... Resin, synthetic rubber, and artificial/synthetic fiber/filaments .............. Resin and synthetic rubber ..................................................................... Artificial and synthetic fibers/filaments .................................................... Pesticide, fertilizer, and other agricultural chemical ............................... Fertilizer .................................................................................................. Pesticide and other agricultural chemical ............................................... Pharmaceutical and medicine ................................................................ Paint, coating, and adhesive ................................................................... Adhesive ................................................................................................. Soap, cleaners, and toilet preparation ................................................... Soap and cleaning compound ................................................................ Toilet preparation .................................................................................... Other chemical product and preparation ................................................. Printing ink .............................................................................................. All other chemical product and preparation ............................................ Plastics and rubber products ..................................................................... Plastics product ...................................................................................... Unsupported plastics film, sheet, and bag .............................................. Plastics pipe, fitting, and unsupported shapes ........................................ Laminated plastics plate, sheet, and shape ............................................ Polystyrene foam product ....................................................................... Foam product (except polystyrene) ........................................................ Plastics bottle .......................................................................................... Other plastics product ............................................................................. Rubber product ....................................................................................... Tire ......................................................................................................... Rubber and plastics hose and belting ...................................................... Other rubber product .............................................................................. Nonmetallic mineral product ...................................................................... Clay product and refractory ..................................................................... Pottery, ceramics, and plumbing fixture ................................................. Clay building material and refractories .................................................... Glass and glass product ......................................................................... Cement and concrete product ................................................................. Cement ...................................................................................................... Ready-mix concrete ................................................................................ Concrete pipe, brick, and block ............................................................... Other concrete products ......................................................................... Lime and gypsum product ....................................................................... Lime ........................................................................................................ Gypsum product ...................................................................................... Other nonmetallic mineral product ......................................................... Abrasive product ..................................................................................... All other nonmetallic mineral product ...................................................... Primary metal ............................................................................................. Iron and steel mills and ferroalloy ........................................................... Steel product from purchased steel ......................................................... Iron/steel pipe and tube from purch steel ................................................. Rolling and drawing of purchased steel ................................................... Nonferrous (except alum) production and processing ............................. Copper rolling, drawing, extruding, and alloying ...................................... Other nonferrous rolling, drawing, extruding, and alloying ....................... Ferrous metal foundries .......................................................................... Nonferrous metal foundries ..................................................................... Fabricated metal product ........................................................................... Forging and stamping .............................................................................. Architectural and structural metals .......................................................... Plate work and fabricated structural product ........................................... Ornamental and architectural metal product ........................................... Boiler, tank and shipping container .........................................................
. . . = Not available.
1994 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 116.5 128.6 152.6 ... 123.7 ... ... ... ... ... ... 74.8 72.2 94.9 130.6 130.0 125.9 ... ... ... ... 113.8 ... ... 119.6 ... ... 174.8 ... ... 123.0 ... ... ... ... ... 117.1 101.9 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 106.4 ... 111.9 119.6 ... 125.2 ... ... ... 118.7 ... ... ... ... ... ... 119.2 ... ... 117.0 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 118.3 125.7 120.3 ... ... ... ... ...
1995 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 182.4 164.8 203.1 ... 148.5 ... ... ... ... ... ... 77.2 74.5 98.1 136.3 143.4 158.1 ... ... ... ... 127.8 ... ... 129.7 ... ... 178.7 ... ... 125.0 ... ... ... ... ... 123.3 108.3 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 108.5 ... 115.6 124.3 ... 129.3 ... ... ... 127.2 ... ... ... ... ... ... 123.6 ... ... 128.2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 124.0 132.8 124.8 ... ... ... ... ...
1996 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 135.5 152.2 169.7 ... 140.4 ... ... ... ... ... ... 87.4 85.3 99.4 140.9 145.8 164.0 ... ... ... ... 123.1 ... ... 133.4 ... ... 181.2 ... ... 126.6 ... ... ... ... ... 123.1 108.0 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 105.2 ... 118.3 125.8 ... 130.0 ... ... ... 132.9 ... ... ... ... ... ... 125.6 ... ... 123.7 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 127.6 131.4 126.2 ... ... ... ... ...
1997 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 131.0 143.2 158.2 ... 132.9 ... ... ... ... ... ... 85.6 83.1 102.2 142.0 147.1 163.9 ... ... ... ... 124.4 ... ... 131.9 ... ... 184.8 ... ... 127.3 ... ... ... ... ... 122.8 107.6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 103.4 ... 119.8 127.4 ... 131.8 ... ... ... 138.1 ... ... ... ... ... ... 126.2 ... ... 124.7 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 129.2 133.8 127.6 ... ... ... ... ...
1998 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 125.1 144.5 165.1 ... 141.1 ... ... ... ... ... ... 66.3 62.3 102.0 142.5 148.7 160.1 ... ... ... ... 115.9 ... ... 128.5 ... ... 203.1 ... ... 128.7 ... ... ... ... ... 122.1 106.8 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 102.0 ... 120.2 129.3 ... 133.5 ... ... ... 144.2 ... ... ... ... ... ... 127.4 ... ... 120.9 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 129.7 132.7 128.7 ... ... ... ... ...
1999 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 122.7 139.7 166.9 ... 144.1 ... ... ... ... ... ... 76.8 73.6 102.8 142.1 149.7 161.4 ... ... ... ... 115.4 ... ... 123.2 ... ... 210.1 ... ... 130.3 ... ... ... ... ... 122.2 107.1 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 100.4 ... 119.9 132.6 ... 138.1 ... ... ... 149.1 ... ... ... ... ... ... 131.3 ... ... 115.8 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 130.4 131.6 129.1 ... ... ... ... ...
2000 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 143.4 148.8 192.2 ... 157.1 ... ... ... ... ... ... 112.8 111.6 113.5 150.3 156.7 177.3 ... ... ... ... 128.0 ... ... 124.9 ... ... 215.7 ... ... 132.5 ... ... ... ... ... 124.6 109.8 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 100.4 ... 120.5 134.7 ... 139.7 ... ... ... 148.6 ... ... ... ... ... ... 130.9 ... ... 119.8 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 132.1 133.5 130.3 ... ... ... ... ...
2001 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 122.9 150.5 187.3 ... 158.9 ... ... ... ... ... ... 105.3 103.1 116.9 159.3 158.4 173.5 ... ... ... ... 126.2 ... ... 132.0 ... ... 220.5 ... ... 134.2 ... ... ... ... ... 125.9 111.0 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 101.5 ... 121.3 136.0 ... 150.2 ... ... ... 148.7 ... ... ... ... ... ... 132.0 ... ... 116.1 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 132.7 134.1 131.0 ... ... ... ... ...
2002 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 116.5 144.1 179.5 ... 157.0 ... ... ... ... ... ... 98.8 96.3 119.7 160.5 157.3 170.6 ... ... ... ... 119.7 ... ... 127.0 ... ... 226.3 ... ... 134.2 ... ... ... ... ... 125.5 110.2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 102.7 ... 121.4 137.1 ... 150.1 ... ... ... 151.1 ... ... ... ... ... ... 132.6 ... ... 116.2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 133.0 134.4 131.7 ... ... ... ... ...
2003 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 120.9 145.7 180.2 ... 157.3 ... ... ... ... ... ... 122.0 121.2 125.1 165.3 164.6 183.0 ... ... ... ... 131.0 ... ... 135.3 ... ... 235.4 ... ... 134.9 ... ... ... ... ... 128.4 113.0 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 105.6 ... 121.8 138.0 ... 150.6 ... ... ... 150.5 ... ... ... ... ... ... 133.4 ... ... 118.4 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 133.5 135.6 132.9 ... ... ... ... ...
2004 100.1 99.8 106.7 110.5 107.0 104.7 104.8 102.8 105.0 102.6 103.8 131.3 151.1 189.9 101.9 161.5 101.7 101.7 97.0 101.1 101.2 100.4 149.9 151.5 127.1 172.0 172.8 197.7 120.7 108.3 104.2 103.1 145.5 115.1 101.2 142.7 107.3 100.6 244.2 101.9 100.5 136.9 102.0 100.0 101.6 100.0 101.8 131.7 116.2 104.2 108.5 101.7 104.6 100.2 103.1 101.3 102.1 110.5 102.3 121.9 142.7 101.5 152.1 102.2 100.1 104.2 155.4 104.5 102.5 104.7 110.0 103.5 111.9 137.2 100.2 103.5 142.8 127.7 133.1 147.9 123.7 113.6 118.2 110.3 140.4 140.0 141.3 107.0 111.2 115.2 108.3 106.8
PRICES
373
Table 7-3. Producer Price Indexes for the Net Output of Selected Industries, 1994–2004—Continued (December 1984 = 100, unless otherwise indicated.) Industry Light gauge metal container ................................................................... Hardware ................................................................................................ Spring and wire product .......................................................................... Mach shops, turn product, screw, nut, and bolt ...................................... Machine shops ......................................................................................... Turned product and screw, nut and bolt ................................................ Coating, engrave, heat treating, and other activity .................................. Other fabricated metal product ............................................................... Metal valve .............................................................................................. All other fabricated metal product ........................................................... Machinery ............................................................................................... Agricultural, construction, and mining machinery ................................... Agricultural implement ............................................................................ Construction machinery .......................................................................... Mining and oil and gas field machinery ................................................... Industrial machinery ............................................................................... Sawmill and woodworking machinery ..................................................... Plastics and rubber industry machinery .................................................. Other industrial machinery ..................................................................... Commercial and service industry machinery .......................................... HVAC and commercial refrigeration equipment ...................................... Metalworking machinery ......................................................................... Engine, turbine, and power transmission equipment ............................. Other general purpose machinery .......................................................... Pump and compressor ............................................................................ Material handling equipment ................................................................... All other general purpose machinery ...................................................... Computer and electronic product ............................................................ Computer and peripheral equipment ...................................................... Communications equipment ................................................................... Telephone apparatus .............................................................................. Radio/TV broadcast and wireless communication equipment ................ Other communications equipment .......................................................... Audio and video equipment .................................................................... Semiconductor and other electronic component .................................... Navigation, measuring, medical, control instruments ............................. Manufacturing and reproducing magnetic and optical media .................. Electrical equipment, appliance and component ........................................ Electric lighting equipment ...................................................................... Electric lamp bulb and part ..................................................................... Lighting fixture ......................................................................................... Household appliance ............................................................................. Small electrical appliance ....................................................................... Major appliance ....................................................................................... Electrical equipment ................................................................................ Other electrical equipment and component ............................................ Battery ..................................................................................................... Communications and energy wire and cable .......................................... Wiring device .......................................................................................... All other electrical equipment and component ........................................ Transportation equipment ........................................................................... Motor vehicle ........................................................................................... Automobile and light duty motor vehicle ................................................. Heavy duty truck ..................................................................................... Motor vehicle body and trailer ................................................................. Motor vehicle parts .................................................................................. Motor vehicle steering and suspension parts .......................................... Aerospace product and parts ................................................................. Railroad rolling stock .............................................................................. Ship and boat building ............................................................................ Other transportation equipment .............................................................. Furniture and related product ..................................................................... Household and institutional furniture and kitchen cabinet ...................... Wood kitchen cabinet and countertop ..................................................... Household and institutional furniture ....................................................... Office furniture (including fixtures) .......................................................... Other furniture related product ................................................................ Mattress .................................................................................................. Blind and shade ...................................................................................... Miscellaneous ............................................................................................. Medical equipment and supplies ............................................................. Other miscellaneous .............................................................................. Jewelry and silverware ........................................................................... Sporting and athletic goods .................................................................... Doll, toy, and game ................................................................................. Office supplies (except paper) ............................................................... Sign ......................................................................................................... All other miscellaneous manufacturing ...................................................
. . . = Not available.
1994 101.7 ... ... ... ... 117.6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 134.2 ... ... 134.2 ... ... ... 128.3 ... ... ... ... ... ... 113.3 ... ... ... ... 104.8 ... ... ... ... ... ... 108.7 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 134.0 122.6 133.0 ... 129.7 128.7 139.1 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 123.3 124.7 ... ... 123.2 ... ...
1995 109.4 ... ... ... ... 120.0 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 137.3 ... ... 137.3 ... ... ... 130.8 ... ... ... ... ... 70.5 113.9 ... ... ... ... 102.5 ... ... ... ... ... ... 108.8 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 137.3 127.6 135.0 ... 133.3 132.2 144.3 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 125.9 126.3 ... ... 127.4 ... ...
1996 103.9 ... ... ... ... 121.6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 140.5 ... ... 140.5 ... ... ... 132.3 ... ... ... ... ... 63.4 115.0 ... ... ... ... 99.3 ... ... ... ... ... ... 109.7 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 140.8 129.7 138.2 ... 136.2 134.7 147.3 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 127.8 128.0 ... ... 130.2 ... ...
1997 102.7 ... ... ... ... 122.6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 143.0 ... ... 143.0 ... ... ... 133.6 ... ... ... ... ... 55.9 115.7 ... ... ... ... 95.1 ... ... ... ... ... ... 108.3 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 142.7 127.4 142.0 ... 138.2 136.4 150.4 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 129.0 128.0 ... ... 129.8 ... ...
1998 102.3 ... ... ... ... 122.7 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 145.4 ... ... 145.4 ... ... ... 133.9 ... ... ... ... ... 48.8 115.0 ... ... ... ... 91.9 ... ... ... ... ... ... 107.5 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 143.4 127.6 144.1 ... 139.7 138.4 153.1 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 129.7 127.1 ... ... 130.9 ... ...
1999 100.7 ... ... ... ... 121.8 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 147.2 ... ... 147.2 ... ... ... 135.7 ... ... ... ... ... 44.0 113.0 ... ... ... ... 90.1 ... ... ... ... ... ... 107.2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 144.8 128.2 145.6 ... 141.3 140.3 155.7 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 130.3 126.4 ... ... 132.0 ... ...
2000 101.0 ... ... ... ... 122.9 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 148.7 ... ... 148.7 ... ... ... 136.6 ... ... ... ... ... 41.3 110.4 ... ... ... ... 88.8 ... ... ... ... ... ... 106.2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 149.9 128.6 149.0 ... 143.3 142.5 159.8 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 130.9 127.1 ... ... 132.0 ... ...
2001 100.8 ... ... ... ... 122.8 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 149.9 ... ... 149.9 ... ... ... 137.7 ... ... ... ... ... 39.0 108.6 ... ... ... ... 86.4 ... ... ... ... ... ... 104.6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 154.7 128.3 152.6 ... 145.1 144.4 162.6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 132.4 128.0 ... ... 131.4 ... ...
2002 102.7 ... ... ... ... 123.4 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 149.6 ... ... 149.6 ... ... ... 138.9 ... ... ... ... ... 35.5 105.0 ... ... ... ... 84.9 ... ... ... ... ... ... 104.2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 157.3 127.7 156.8 ... 146.3 146.2 164.5 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 133.3 129.1 ... ... 132.8 ... ...
2003 105.4 ... ... ... ... 123.6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 150.1 ... ... 150.1 ... ... ... 139.1 ... ... ... ... ... 31.6 101.7 ... ... ... ... 81.1 ... ... ... ... ... ... 103.1 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 162.2 129.0 163.0 ... 147.4 147.0 167.6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 133.9 131.0 ... ... 132.9 ... ...
2004 110.4 103.4 108.9 102.8 102.4 128.4 102.0 103.8 103.0 104.5 101.9 102.4 101.8 102.9 102.7 153.0 101.5 102.8 152.7 101.3 101.9 100.8 140.8 103.0 102.2 104.6 102.5 99.0 29.4 98.4 95.3 99.4 99.8 98.1 78.3 100.6 98.0 103.2 100.8 98.1 101.7 103.1 99.9 100.6 101.9 106.6 102.2 106.8 113.6 101.7 100.9 99.4 99.2 102.2 104.0 101.4 101.8 168.0 135.8 169.6 101.1 151.5 148.6 170.6 101.1 105.1 104.0 105.6 101.3 101.2 101.3 135.2 134.6 101.3 100.3 133.1 100.9 101.0
374
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 7-3. Producer Price Indexes for the Net Output of Selected Industries, 1994–2004—Continued (December 1984 = 100, unless otherwise indicated.) Industry
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Retail trade Motor vehicle and parts dealers ................................................................... Automobile dealers .................................................................................. New car dealers ....................................................................................... Recreational vehicle dealers .................................................................... Automotive parts, accessories, and tire stores ....................................... Automotive parts and accessories stores ................................................ Tire dealers .............................................................................................. Furniture and home furnishings stores ........................................................ Furniture stores ........................................................................................ Floor covering stores ............................................................................... Electronics and appliance stores ................................................................. Appliance, TV, and other electronics stores ............................................ Computer and software stores ................................................................. Camera and photographic supplies stores .............................................. Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers ................... Building material and supplies dealers .................................................... Home centers ........................................................................................... Paint and wallpaper stores ....................................................................... Hardware stores ....................................................................................... Other building material dealers ................................................................ Lawn and garden equipment and supplies stores ................................... Nursery, garden, and farm supply stores ................................................. Food and beverage stores .......................................................................... Grocery stores ......................................................................................... Grocery (except convenience) stores ...................................................... Specialty food stores ................................................................................ Beer, wine, and liquor stores .................................................................. Health and personal care stores .................................................................. Pharmacies and drug stores ................................................................... Optical goods stores ................................................................................ Gasoline stations ........................................................................................ Gasoline stations with convenience stores .............................................. Other gasoline stations ............................................................................ Clothing and clothing accessories stores ..................................................... Clothing stores ......................................................................................... Men’s clothing stores ............................................................................... Women’s clothing stores .......................................................................... Family clothing stores .............................................................................. Shoe stores .............................................................................................. Jewelry, luggage, and leather goods stores ............................................ Jewelry stores .......................................................................................... Luggage and leather goods stores .......................................................... Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores .......................................... Sporting goods, hobby, and musical instrument stores ........................... Sporting goods stores .............................................................................. Hobby, toy, and game stores ................................................................... Sewing, needlework, and piece goods stores .......................................... Book, periodical, and music stores .......................................................... Bookstores and news dealers .................................................................. Prerecorded tape, CD, and record stores ................................................ General merchandise stores ........................................................................ Department stores ................................................................................... Other general merchandise stores ........................................................... Florists ..................................................................................................... Office supplies, stationery, and gift stores ............................................... Office supplies and stationery stores ....................................................... Gift, novelty, and souvenir stores ............................................................. Manufactured (mobile) home dealers ...................................................... Nonstore retailers ......................................................................................... Vending machine operators ..................................................................... Fuel dealers ............................................................................................
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
... ... 99.7 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 103.8 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
... ... 103.1 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 109.6 ... ... ... 102.9 ... 102.4 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 120.5
... ... 108.7 112.2 100.9 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 113.4 ... ... ... 103.5 ... 112.4 ... 66.8 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 113.8
... ... 111.5 109.7 104.2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 117.6 ... ... ... 106.9 ... 116.6 ... 54.1 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 122.7
103.5 102.9 113.5 121.4 109.4 106.8 102.0 102.4 100.8 104.6 99.0 101.8 95.2 88.6 108.3 108.7 107.0 99.5 103.1 111.4 105.8 105.8 123.2 103.5 103.5 107.1 110.7 101.7 119.8 99.8 51.3 102.5 132.8 100.5 99.3 100.2 102.9 97.8 103.9 101.8 101.8 101.4 96.6 97.8 95.0 100.5 103.2 94.7 95.0 93.9 103.1 105.4 97.7 100.2 99.7 100.4 98.7 107.7 107.5 101.5 129.4
Transportation and Warehousing Air transportation ......................................................................................... Scheduled air transportation .................................................................... Nonscheduled air transportation ............................................................. Rail transportation ....................................................................................... Water transportation .................................................................................... Inland water transportation ...................................................................... Truck transportation ..................................................................................... General freight trucking ............................................................................ General freight trucking, local .................................................................. General freight trucking, long-distance .................................................... Specialized freight trucking ...................................................................... Used household and office goods moving ............................................... Specialized freight (except used) trucking, local ...................................... Specialized freight (except used) trucking, long-distance ........................ Pipeline transportation of crude oil ........................................................... Other pipeline transportation .................................................................... Pipeline transportation of refined petroleum products ............................. Transportation support activities .................................................................. Air transportation support activities ......................................................... Airport operations ..................................................................................... Other air transportation support activities ................................................ Water transportation support activities ..................................................... Port and harbor operations ...................................................................... Marine cargo handling ............................................................................. Navigational services to shipping ............................................................. Freight transportation arrangement ........................................................ Postal service ..............................................................................................
108.5 129.1 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 119.8
113.7 135.9 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 132.2
121.1 145.5 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 132.3
125.3 150.8 97.8 100.5 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 102.5 ... ... ... ... ... ... 99.4 132.3
124.5 149.3 99.2 101.7 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 105.2 ... ... ... ... ... ... 97.7 132.3
130.8 157.3 102.2 101.3 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 108.6 ... ... ... ... ... ... 97.3 135.3
147.7 180.1 107.3 102.6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 114.2 ... ... ... ... ... ... 98.3 135.2
157.2 193.0 112.7 104.5 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 117.5 ... ... ... ... ... ... 98.2 143.4
157.8 193.3 114.7 106.6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 121.4 ... ... ... ... ... ... 97.5 150.2
162.1 198.5 117.8 108.8 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 125.1 ... ... ... ... ... ... 97.9 155.0
162.3 198.6 119.9 113.4 101.3 103.2 103.1 103.5 105.2 103.2 102.3 102.6 102.7 101.7 103.9 101.4 101.4 101.1 128.1 101.1 102.0 101.0 102.4 100.5 101.5 98.9 155.0
. . . = Not available.
375
PRICES
Table 7-3. Producer Price Indexes for the Net Output of Selected Industries, 1994–2004—Continued (December 1984 = 100, unless otherwise indicated.) Industry
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Couriers and messengers ............................................................................ Couriers ................................................................................................... Local messengers and local delivery ....................................................... General warehousing and storage ........................................................... Refrigerated warehousing and storage .................................................... Farm product warehousing and storage ..................................................
... ... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ... ...
106.1 106.6 101.1 100.3 100.5 100.2
Information Publishing industries, except Internet .......................................................... Newspaper, book, and directory publishers ............................................. Newspaper publishers ............................................................................ Periodical publishers ................................................................................ Book publishers ....................................................................................... Directory and mailing list publishers ........................................................ Other publishers ....................................................................................... Software publishers ................................................................................. Broadcasting, except Internet ...................................................................... Radio and television broadcasting .......................................................... Radio broadcasting .................................................................................. Television broadcasting ........................................................................... Cable networks ........................................................................................ Telecommunications .................................................................................... Wired telecommunications carriers ......................................................... Wireless telecommunications carriers ..................................................... Cable and other program distribution ....................................................... Data processing and related services ......................................................
... ... 269.5 239.1 153.4 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
... ... 286.7 246.3 162.3 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
... ... 306.9 253.1 169.4 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
... ... 317.7 263.2 174.0 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
... ... 328.7 276.9 178.9 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
... ... 339.3 284.9 184.7 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
... ... 351.3 292.6 190.2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 96.4 ... ... ...
... ... 367.9 305.9 195.6 ... ... ... ... 98.2 ... ... ... ... 93.6 ... ... ...
... ... 381.9 320.4 201.5 ... ... ... ... 97.1 ... ... ... ... 89.9 ... ... ...
... ... 395.7 332.4 208.2 ... ... ... ... 99.8 ... ... ... ... 88.1 ... ... ...
101.5 102.1 409.7 339.1 215.7 101.3 100.7 99.8 101.2 102.8 102.7 100.5 101.4 99.8 86.3 98.4 102.2 98.8
Finance and Insurance Security, commodity contracts and like activity ............................................ Security and commodity contracts, intermediation and brokerage ......... Investment banking and securities dealing .............................................. Securities brokerage ................................................................................ Portfolio management .............................................................................. Investment advice .................................................................................... Other direct insurance carriers ................................................................ Insurance agencies and brokerages ........................................................ Lessors of nonresidential building (except miniwarehouse) .................... Lessors of miniwarehouse and self-storage units .................................... Offices of real estate agents and brokers ................................................ Real estate property managers ................................................................ Offices of real estate appraisers .............................................................. Automotive equipment rental and leasing ............................................... Passenger car rental and leasing ............................................................ Truck, utility trailer, and RV rental and leasing ........................................ Legal services ......................................................................................... Offices of lawyers ..................................................................................... Architectural, engineering, and related services ..................................... Architectural services ............................................................................... Engineering services ................................................................................ Advertising agencies ................................................................................ Employment services .............................................................................. Employment placement agencies ............................................................ Temporary help services .......................................................................... Employee leasing services ...................................................................... Travel agencies ........................................................................................ Janitorial services .................................................................................... Waste collection .......................................................................................
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 102.5 102.5 102.2 ... ... ... 101.0 ... ... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 106.1 106.1 105.1 ... ... ... 103.2 ... ... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ... ... 100.7 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 108.7 108.7 108.5 ... ... ... 105.2 ... ... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ... ... 101.9 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 112.5 112.5 111.8 ... ... ... 107.3 ... ... ... ... ... ...
... 88.1 ... ... ... ... 104.3 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 117.9 117.9 115.9 ... ... ... 108.2 ... ... ... ... ... ...
... 81.8 ... ... ... ... 108.7 ... ... ... ... ... ... 103.9 ... ... 121.7 121.7 121.1 ... ... ... 108.9 ... ... ... ... ... ...
... 82.5 ... ... ... ... 115.0 ... ... ... ... ... ... 106.6 ... ... 125.6 125.6 124.3 ... ... ... 111.4 ... ... ... ... ... ...
103.4 84.2 102.6 100.0 108.1 102.0 118.7 100.8 102.3 102.0 101.8 100.9 102.7 107.8 98.2 99.9 131.8 131.8 126.8 99.7 101.5 100.1 113.9 102.2 101.7 101.3 96.9 100.9 101.3
Health Care and Social Assistance Offices of physicians .................................................................................... Medical and diagnostic laboratories ............................................................. Home health care services ......................................................................... Hospitals ...................................................................................................... General medical and surgical hospitals ................................................... Psychiatric and substance abuse hospitals ............................................. Other specialty hospitals .......................................................................... Nursing care facilities ............................................................................... Residential mental retardation facilities ................................................... Accommodation .......................................................................................... Hotels (except casino hotels) and motels ................................................ Casino hotels ...........................................................................................
... ... ... 106.2 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... 110.0 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... 112.6 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
101.0 ... 103.3 113.6 ... ... ... ... ... 104.2 ... ...
103.2 ... 106.2 114.4 ... ... ... ... ... 108.1 ... ...
105.5 ... 107.1 116.4 ... ... ... ... ... 112.7 ... ...
107.3 ... 111.1 119.4 ... ... ... ... ... 116.2 ... ...
110.4 ... 114.0 123.0 ... ... ... ... ... 121.3 ... ...
110.3 ... 116.6 127.5 ... ... ... ... ... 121.3 ... ...
112.1 ... 117.0 134.9 ... ... ... ... ... 122.0 ... ...
114.3 100.0 119.8 141.5 102.9 101.1 103.8 102.6 101.2 125.2 103.5 105.0
. . . = Not available.
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HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
NOTES AND DEFINITIONS CONSUMER PRICE INDEX Coverage The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the average change in prices of goods and services purchased by urban consumers for day-to-day living. The weights used in calculating the index, which remain fixed for relatively long periods, are based on actual expenditures reported in the Consumer Expenditure Surveys (CE). The quantities and qualities of the sample items in the “market basket” remain essentially the same between consecutive pricing periods. The index measures only the effect of price change on the cost of living. The index does not measure changes in the total amount families spend for living. Geographic area indexes measure price changes in individual areas over time, not relative differences in prices or living costs between areas. Periodic Updating The index for the years 1913–1935 used a study of 1917–1919 spending by households of wage earners and clerical workers as the basis for its weights. Since then, there have been six updates to bring the “market basket” of goods and services up to date, revise the weights, and improve the sampling methods. In the past 20 years, several major changes have been introduced into the CPI. The 1978 revision of the CPI updated the CPI for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W), and introduced a new index for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U), which includes salaried workers, the self-employed, the retired, the unemployed, and wage earners and clerical workers. The CPI-W now represents the spending patterns of 32 percent of the population; the CPI-U, 87 percent. Before 1978, changes in the CPI-U were based on changes in the CPI-W. The 1978 revision also instituted sampling for all levels of the index down to the selection of items within each retail outlet. Beginning with the index for January 1983, BLS changed the way the CPI-U measures homeowners’ costs; the CPIW implemented the same change in January 1985. The change converted the homeownership component from an asset approach, including both the investment and consumption aspects of homeownership, to a flow-of-services approach, which only measures the cost of shelter services consumed by homeowners. The new approach uses a rental equivalence method to calculate homeowner shelter costs by estimating the implicit rent owners would have to pay to rent the homes in which they live. The old method calculated homeowner costs as home purchase, mortgage interest costs, property taxes, property insurance, and maintenance and repair.
The 1987 major revision of both the CPI-U and the CPIW introduced weights based upon data from the 1982, 1983, and 1984 CE. The 1998 CPI revision, which went into effect with the index for January 1998, uses expenditure data from the 1993–1995 Consumer Expenditure Surveys and population data from the 1990 decennial census. Current Methodology The CPI selected 87 pricing areas in 38 different index areas from around the United States. BLS revises the outlets and items in its sample on a five-year rotating basis. Before rotating the sample, the Census Bureau conducts a Point of Purchase Survey for BLS. This survey determines the locations of retail outlets where consumers buy goods and services in various categories; it also determines how much they spend on each category in each reported outlet. BLS then draws outlet samples from the Point-of-Purchase Survey information. Field agents visit the selected retail outlets and sample within the item categories with checklists, which exhaustively define these categories of goods and services. A data collector, who uses the checklist in systematic stages, generally does the original selection of the specific items to be priced in a specific retail store. Information provided by the respondent is taken into account at each stage. Outlets may be located outside of the pricing area to represent out-of-town purchases. After the initial selection, the same item (or a close substitute) is priced from period to period in order that, as far as possible, differences in reported prices are measures of price change only. All taxes directly associated with the purchase, or with the continued use of the items priced, are included in the indexes. Foods, fuels, rents, and other items are priced monthly in all areas. Prices of most other commodities and services are obtained monthly in the three largest areas and every other month in the remaining areas, half in the odd months and half in the even months. Between scheduled survey dates, prices are held at the level of their last pricing. BLS agents also collect data for a sample of rental units drawn from the Decennial Census of Population and Housing. This sample is heavily augmented with renter-occupied housing units in areas where there are many owner-occupied units. This survey is the basis for the Rent and Owners’ equivalent rent components of the CPI. BLS calculates basic indexes (elementary aggregates) for the 211 item strata in each of the 38 index areas. Basic indexes are combined with weights based on the 1993–1995 Consumer Expenditure Surveys and the Census. BLS publishes CPI indexes for a variety of commodities and services: by region, by size of city, for cross-classifications of regions and population size classes, and for 26 metropolitan areas.
PRICES
The purchasing power of the consumer dollar for any given date is calculated as the reciprocal of the index for that date, expressed in dollars, with the dollar’s value in 1982–1984 equal to $1.00. It shows changes in the value of the dollar resulting from changes in prices of consumer goods and services. Dividing the index for the desired base date by the index for the current date and expressing the result in dollars can calculate the purchasing power of the dollar, with reference to other bases. The relative importance figures are percentage distributions of the cost or value weights used in the index calculation. The cost weights represent average expenditures by consumers for specific classes of goods and services. However, in the subsequent pricing periods, the value weights and the corresponding relative importance figures change as prices change differentially (i.e., the relative importance increases for an item or group having a greater than average price increase and decreases for one having a less than average price increase). Historically, the weights in the CPI have been updated about once every 10 years. Since 2002, the CPI expenditure weights have been updated every two years to keep the weights more current with consumer spending habits. Since the CPI traditionally measured price changes for a fixed market basket of goods and services, it was criticized as overstating inflation, as it did not account for the fact that consumers can substitute (buy more or less) as rela-
377
tive prices change. In 1999, the CPI began using a geometric mean formula to average the prices within most item categories. This formula assumes a modest degree of substitution within CPI item categories as relative prices change. In 2002, BLS created an additional price index using a “superlative” formula to be address consumer substitution across CPI item categories. BLS began publishing this index, called the Chained Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers effective with release of July data in August 2002. Designated the C-CPI-U, the index will supplement, not replace, the CPI-U and the CPI-W. Sources of Additional Information The C-CPI-U is described in BLS new release 02-480. A press release dated April 1998, “Planned Change In The Consumer Price Index Formula,” describes the geometric mean methodology. The December 1996 issue of the Monthly Labor Review was devoted to a description and discussion of issues related to the 1998 CPI Revision. Further changes in methodology are described in BLS press releases. A detailed description of the CPI before 1978 is contained in The Consumer Price Index: History and Techniques, BLS Bulletin 1517 (1966). The updated CPI chapter, Chapter 17, is in the BLS Handbook of Methods is available on the BLS Web site.
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HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 7-4. Consumer Price Indexes, All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. City Average, Major Groups, 1967–2004 (1982–1984 = 100, unless otherwise indicated.) Year
All items
Food and beverages
Housing
Apparel
Transportation
Medical care
Recreation 1
Education and communication 1
Other goods and services
1967 ..................................................... 1968 ..................................................... 1969 .....................................................
33.4 34.8 36.7
35.0 36.2 38.1
30.8 32.0 34.0
51.0 53.7 56.8
33.3 34.3 35.7
28.2 29.9 31.9
... ... ...
... ... ...
35.1 36.9 38.7
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
..................................................... ..................................................... ..................................................... ..................................................... .....................................................
38.8 40.5 41.8 44.4 49.3
40.1 41.4 43.1 48.8 55.5
36.4 38.0 39.4 41.2 45.8
59.2 61.1 62.3 64.6 69.4
37.5 39.5 39.9 41.2 45.8
34.0 36.1 37.3 38.8 42.4
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
40.9 42.9 44.7 46.4 49.8
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
..................................................... ..................................................... ..................................................... ..................................................... .....................................................
53.8 56.9 60.6 65.2 72.6
60.2 62.1 65.8 72.2 79.9
50.7 53.8 57.4 62.4 70.1
72.5 75.2 78.6 81.4 84.9
50.1 55.1 59.0 61.7 70.5
47.5 52.0 57.0 61.8 67.5
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
53.9 57.0 60.4 64.3 68.9
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
..................................................... ..................................................... ..................................................... ..................................................... .....................................................
82.4 90.9 96.5 99.6 103.9
86.7 93.5 97.3 99.5 103.2
81.1 90.4 96.9 99.5 103.6
90.9 95.3 97.8 100.2 102.1
83.1 93.2 97.0 99.3 103.7
74.9 82.9 92.5 100.6 106.8
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
75.2 82.6 91.1 101.1 107.9
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
..................................................... ..................................................... ..................................................... ..................................................... .....................................................
107.6 109.6 113.6 118.3 124.0
105.6 109.1 113.5 118.2 124.9
107.7 110.9 114.2 118.5 123.0
105.0 105.9 110.6 115.4 118.6
106.4 102.3 105.4 108.7 114.1
113.5 122.0 130.1 138.6 149.3
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
114.5 121.4 128.5 137.0 147.7
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
..................................................... ..................................................... ..................................................... ..................................................... .....................................................
130.7 136.2 140.3 144.5 148.2
132.1 136.8 138.7 141.6 144.9
128.5 133.6 137.5 141.2 144.8
124.1 128.7 131.9 133.7 133.4
120.5 123.8 126.5 130.4 134.3
162.8 177.0 190.1 201.4 211.0
... ... ... 90.7 92.7
... ... ... 85.5 88.8
159.0 171.6 183.3 192.9 198.5
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
..................................................... ..................................................... ..................................................... ..................................................... .....................................................
152.4 156.9 160.5 163.0 166.6
148.9 153.7 157.7 161.1 164.6
148.5 152.8 156.8 160.4 163.9
132.0 131.7 132.9 133.0 131.3
139.1 143.0 144.3 141.6 144.4
220.5 228.2 234.6 242.1 250.6
94.5 97.4 99.6 101.1 102.0
92.2 95.3 98.4 100.3 101.2
206.9 215.4 224.8 237.7 258.3
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
..................................................... ..................................................... ..................................................... ..................................................... .....................................................
172.2 177.1 179.9 184.0 188.9
168.4 173.6 176.8 180.5 186.6
169.6 176.4 180.3 184.8 189.5
129.6 127.3 124.0 120.9 120.4
153.3 154.3 152.9 157.6 163.1
260.8 272.8 285.6 297.1 310.1
103.3 104.9 106.2 107.5 108.6
102.5 105.2 107.9 109.8 111.6
271.1 282.6 293.2 298.7 304.7
1December 1997 = 100. . . . = Not available.
PRICES
379
Table 7-5. Consumer Price Indexes, All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. City Average, Commodity, Service, and Special Groups, 1967–2004 (1982–1984 = 100, unless otherwise indicated.)
Year
All items less All items less All items less All items less food shelter medical care energy
All items less food and Commodities energy
Commodities Commodities Nondurables less food Energy Nondurables less food less food Nondurables and commodities less food and energy and apparel beverages
1967 .......................... 1968 .......................... 1969 ..........................
33.4 34.9 36.8
35.2 36.7 38.4
33.7 35.1 37.0
34.4 35.9 38.0
34.7 36.3 38.4
36.8 38.1 39.9
38.3 39.7 41.4
23.9 24.4 25.2
41.3 42.9 44.7
35.7 37.1 38.9
37.6 39.1 40.9
32.6 33.7 34.9
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
.......................... .......................... .......................... .......................... ..........................
39.0 40.8 42.0 43.7 48.0
40.3 42.0 43.3 46.2 51.4
39.2 40.8 42.1 44.8 49.8
40.3 42.0 43.4 46.1 50.6
40.8 42.7 44.0 45.6 49.4
41.7 43.2 44.5 47.8 53.5
43.1 44.7 45.8 47.3 52.4
25.6 26.1 26.4 29.1 40.4
46.7 48.5 49.7 51.1 55.0
40.8 42.1 43.5 47.5 54.0
42.5 44.0 45.0 46.9 52.9
36.3 37.6 38.6 40.3 46.9
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
.......................... .......................... .......................... .......................... ..........................
52.5 56.0 59.6 63.9 71.2
56.0 59.3 63.1 67.4 74.2
54.3 57.2 60.8 65.4 72.9
55.1 58.2 61.9 66.7 73.4
53.9 57.4 61.0 65.5 71.9
58.2 60.7 64.2 68.8 76.6
57.3 60.2 63.6 67.3 75.2
43.4 45.4 48.7 51.0 68.7
60.1 63.2 66.5 70.5 76.4
58.3 60.5 64.0 68.6 77.2
57.0 59.5 62.5 65.5 74.6
51.5 54.1 57.2 60.4 71.2
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
.......................... .......................... .......................... .......................... ..........................
81.5 90.4 96.3 99.7 104.0
82.9 91.0 96.2 99.8 103.9
82.8 91.4 96.8 99.6 103.7
81.9 90.1 96.1 99.6 104.3
80.8 89.2 95.8 99.6 104.6
86.0 93.2 97.0 99.8 103.2
85.7 93.1 96.9 100.0 103.1
95.2 107.6 102.9 99.0 98.1
83.5 90.0 95.3 100.2 104.4
87.6 95.2 97.8 99.7 102.5
88.4 96.7 98.3 100.0 101.7
87.1 96.8 98.2 100.0 101.8
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
.......................... .......................... .......................... .......................... ..........................
108.0 109.8 113.6 118.3 123.7
107.0 108.0 111.6 115.9 121.6
107.2 108.8 112.6 117.0 122.4
108.4 112.6 117.2 122.3 128.1
109.1 113.5 118.2 123.4 129.0
105.4 104.4 107.7 111.5 116.7
105.2 101.4 104.0 107.3 111.6
98.2 77.2 80.2 80.8 87.9
107.1 108.6 111.8 115.8 119.6
104.8 103.5 107.5 111.8 118.2
104.1 98.5 101.8 105.8 111.7
104.1 96.9 100.3 104.0 111.3
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
.......................... .......................... .......................... .......................... ..........................
130.3 136.1 140.8 145.1 149.0
128.2 133.5 137.3 141.4 144.8
128.8 133.8 137.5 141.2 144.7
134.7 140.9 145.4 150.0 154.1
135.5 142.1 147.3 152.2 156.5
122.8 126.6 129.1 131.5 133.8
117.0 120.4 123.2 125.3 126.9
101.2 99.1 98.3 97.3 97.6
123.6 128.8 132.5 135.2 137.1
126.0 130.3 132.8 135.1 136.8
119.9 124.5 127.6 129.3 129.7
120.9 125.7 128.9 130.7 131.6
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.......................... .......................... .......................... .......................... ..........................
153.1 157.5 161.1 163.4 167.0
148.6 152.8 155.9 157.2 160.2
148.6 152.8 156.3 158.6 162.0
158.7 163.1 167.1 170.9 174.4
161.2 165.6 169.5 173.4 177.0
136.4 139.9 141.8 141.9 144.4
128.9 131.5 132.2 130.5 132.5
98.8 105.7 105.7 92.1 100.0
139.3 141.3 142.3 143.2 144.1
139.3 143.5 146.4 146.9 151.2
130.9 134.5 136.3 134.6 139.4
134.1 139.5 141.8 139.2 147.5
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.......................... .......................... .......................... .......................... ..........................
173.0 177.8 180.5 184.7 189.4
165.7 169.7 170.8 174.6 179.3
167.3 171.9 174.3 178.1 182.7
178.6 183.5 187.7 190.6 194.4
181.3 186.1 190.5 193.2 196.6
149.2 150.7 149.7 151.2 154.7
137.7 137.2 134.2 134.5 136.7
129.5 125.2 117.1 136.7 161.2
144.9 145.3 143.7 140.9 139.6
158.2 160.6 161.1 165.3 172.2
149.1 149.1 147.4 151.9 159.3
162.9 164.1 163.3 172.1 183.8
380
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 7-5. Consumer Price Indexes, All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. City Average, Commodity, Service, and Special Groups, 1967–2004—Continued (1982–1984 = 100, unless otherwise indicated.) Services Year Total 1
Rent of shelter 2
Gas (piped) and electricity
Transportation services
Medical care services
Other services
Services less medical care
Energy
Services less energy
1967 .......................................... 1968 .......................................... 1969 ..........................................
28.8 30.3 32.4
... ... ...
23.7 23.9 24.3
32.6 33.9 36.3
26.0 27.9 30.2
36.0 38.1 40.0
29.3 30.8 32.9
23.8 24.2 24.8
29.3 30.9 33.2
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
.......................................... .......................................... .......................................... .......................................... ..........................................
35.0 37.0 38.4 40.1 43.8
... ... ... ... ...
25.4 27.1 28.5 29.9 34.5
40.2 43.4 44.4 44.7 46.3
32.3 34.7 35.9 37.5 41.4
42.2 44.4 45.6 47.7 51.3
35.6 37.5 38.9 40.6 44.3
25.5 26.5 27.2 29.4 38.1
36.0 38.0 39.4 41.1 44.8
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
.......................................... .......................................... .......................................... .......................................... ..........................................
48.0 52.0 56.0 60.8 67.5
... ... ... ... ...
40.1 44.7 50.5 55.0 61.0
49.8 56.9 61.5 64.4 69.5
46.6 51.3 56.4 61.2 67.2
55.1 58.4 62.1 66.4 71.9
48.3 52.2 55.9 60.7 67.5
42.1 45.1 49.4 52.5 65.7
48.8 52.7 56.5 61.3 68.2
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
.......................................... .......................................... .......................................... .......................................... ..........................................
77.9 88.1 96.0 99.4 104.6
... ... ... 102.7 107.7
71.4 81.9 93.2 101.5 105.4
79.2 88.6 96.1 99.1 104.8
74.8 82.8 92.6 100.7 106.7
78.7 86.1 93.5 100.0 106.5
78.2 88.7 96.4 99.2 104.4
86.0 97.7 99.2 99.9 100.9
78.5 88.7 96.3 99.2 104.5
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
.......................................... .......................................... .......................................... .......................................... ..........................................
109.9 115.4 120.2 125.7 131.9
113.9 120.2 125.9 132.0 138.0
107.1 105.7 103.8 104.6 107.5
110.0 116.3 121.9 128.0 135.6
113.2 121.9 130.0 138.3 148.9
113.0 119.4 125.7 132.6 140.9
109.6 114.6 119.1 124.3 130.1
101.6 88.2 88.6 89.3 94.3
110.2 116.5 122.0 127.9 134.4
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
.......................................... .......................................... .......................................... .......................................... ..........................................
139.2 146.3 152.0 157.9 163.1
145.5 152.1 157.3 162.0 167.0
109.3 112.6 114.8 118.5 119.2
144.2 151.2 155.7 162.9 168.6
162.7 177.1 190.5 202.9 213.4
150.2 159.8 168.5 177.0 185.4
136.8 143.3 148.4 153.6 158.4
102.1 102.5 103.0 104.2 104.6
142.3 149.8 155.9 161.9 167.6
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.......................................... .......................................... .......................................... .......................................... ..........................................
168.7 174.1 179.4 184.2 188.8
172.4 178.0 183.4 189.6 195.0
119.2 122.1 125.1 121.2 120.9
175.9 180.5 185.0 187.9 190.7
224.2 232.4 239.1 246.8 255.1
193.3 201.4 209.6 216.9 223.1
163.5 168.7 173.9 178.4 182.7
105.2 110.1 111.5 102.9 106.6
173.7 179.4 185.0 190.6 195.7
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.......................................... .......................................... .......................................... .......................................... ..........................................
195.3 203.4 209.8 216.5 222.8
201.3 208.9 216.7 221.9 227.9
128.0 142.4 134.4 145.0 150.6
196.1 201.9 209.1 216.3 220.6
266.0 278.8 292.9 306.0 321.3
229.9 238.0 246.4 254.4 261.3
188.9 196.6 202.5 208.7 214.5
124.6 129.3 121.7 136.5 151.4
202.1 209.6 217.5 223.8 230.2
1Includes tenants, household 2December 1982 = 100.
. . . = Not available.
insurance, water, sewer, trash, and household operations services, not shown separately.
PRICES
381
Table 7-6. Consumer Price Indexes, All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. City Average, Selected Groups, and Purchasing Power of the Consumer Dollar, 1913–2004 (1982–1984 = 100, unless otherwise indicated.) Year
All items
Rent of primary residence
Food
Owners’ equivalent of primary residence 1
Purchasing power of the consumer dollar 2
Apparel
1913 .............................................................................. 1914 ..............................................................................
9.9 10.0
10.0 10.2
21.0 21.0
... ...
14.9 15.0
10.08 9.94
1915 1916 1917 1918 1919
.............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. ..............................................................................
10.1 10.9 12.8 15.1 17.3
10.0 11.3 14.5 16.7 18.6
21.1 21.3 21.2 21.5 23.3
... ... ... ... ...
15.3 16.8 20.2 27.3 36.2
9.84 9.15 7.79 6.64 5.78
1920 1921 1922 1923 1924
.............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. ..............................................................................
20.0 17.9 16.8 17.1 17.1
21.0 15.9 14.9 15.4 15.2
27.4 31.5 32.4 33.2 34.4
... ... ... ... ...
43.1 33.2 27.0 27.1 26.8
4.99 5.59 5.96 5.86 5.85
1925 1926 1927 1928 1929
.............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. ..............................................................................
17.5 17.7 17.4 17.1 17.1
16.5 17.0 16.4 16.3 16.5
34.6 34.2 33.7 32.9 32.1
... ... ... ... ...
26.3 25.9 25.3 25.0 24.7
5.70 5.65 5.76 5.83 5.83
1930 1931 1932 1933 1934
.............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. ..............................................................................
16.7 15.2 13.7 13.0 13.4
15.6 12.9 10.7 10.4 11.6
31.2 29.6 26.5 22.9 21.4
... ... ... ... ...
24.2 22.0 19.5 18.8 20.6
5.99 6.56 7.32 7.71 7.46
1935 1936 1937 1938 1939
.............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. ..............................................................................
13.7 13.9 14.4 14.1 13.9
12.4 12.6 13.1 12.1 11.8
21.4 21.9 22.9 23.7 23.7
... ... ... ... ...
20.8 21.0 22.0 21.9 21.6
7.28 7.21 6.96 7.09 7.20
1940 1941 1942 1943 1944
.............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. ..............................................................................
14.0 14.7 16.3 17.3 17.6
12.0 13.1 15.4 17.1 16.9
23.7 24.2 24.7 24.7 24.8
... ... ... ... ...
21.8 22.8 26.7 27.8 29.8
7.13 6.79 6.13 5.78 5.68
1945 1946 1947 1948 1949
.............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. ..............................................................................
18.0 19.5 22.3 24.1 23.8
17.3 19.8 24.1 26.1 25.0
24.8 25.0 25.8 27.5 28.7
... ... ... ... ...
31.4 34.4 39.9 42.5 40.8
5.55 5.12 4.47 4.15 4.19
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
.............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. ..............................................................................
24.1 26.0 26.5 26.7 26.9
25.4 28.2 28.7 28.3 28.2
29.7 30.9 32.2 33.9 35.1
... ... ... ... ...
40.3 43.9 43.5 43.1 43.1
4.15 3.85 3.77 3.74 3.72
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
.............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. ..............................................................................
26.8 27.2 28.1 28.9 29.1
27.8 28.0 28.9 30.2 29.7
35.6 36.3 37.0 37.6 38.2
... ... ... ... ...
42.9 43.7 44.5 44.6 45.0
3.73 3.68 3.55 3.46 3.43
1December 1982 = 2Purchasing power
. . . = Not available.
100. in 1982–1984 = $1.00.
382
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 7-6. Consumer Price Indexes, All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. City Average, Selected Groups, and Purchasing Power of the Consumer Dollar, 1913–2004—Continued (1982–1984 = 100, unless otherwise indicated.) Year
All items
Rent of primary residence
Food
Owners’ equivalent of primary residence 1
Purchasing power of the consumer dollar 2
Apparel
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
.............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. ..............................................................................
29.6 29.9 30.2 30.6 31.0
30.0 30.4 30.6 31.1 31.5
38.7 39.2 39.7 40.1 40.5
... ... ... ... ...
45.7 46.1 46.3 46.9 47.3
3.37 3.34 3.30 3.27 3.22
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
.............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. ..............................................................................
31.5 32.4 33.4 34.8 36.7
32.2 33.8 34.1 35.3 37.1
40.9 41.5 42.2 43.3 44.7
... ... ... ... ...
47.8 49.0 51.0 53.7 56.8
3.17 3.08 2.99 2.87 2.73
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
.............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. ..............................................................................
38.8 40.5 41.8 44.4 49.3
39.2 40.4 42.1 48.2 55.1
46.5 48.7 50.4 52.5 55.2
... ... ... ... ...
59.2 61.1 62.3 64.6 69.4
2.57 2.47 2.39 2.25 2.03
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
.............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. ..............................................................................
53.8 56.9 60.6 65.2 72.6
59.8 61.6 65.5 72.0 79.9
58.0 61.1 64.8 69.3 74.3
... ... ... ... ...
72.5 75.2 78.6 81.4 84.9
1.86 1.76 1.65 1.53 1.38
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
.............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. ..............................................................................
82.4 90.9 96.5 99.6 103.9
86.8 93.6 97.4 99.4 103.2
80.9 87.9 94.6 100.1 105.3
... ... ... 102.5 107.3
90.9 95.3 97.8 100.2 102.1
1.22 1.10 1.04 1.00 0.96
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
.............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. ..............................................................................
107.6 109.6 113.6 118.3 124.0
105.6 109.0 113.5 118.2 125.1
111.8 118.3 123.1 127.8 132.8
113.2 119.4 124.8 131.1 137.4
105.0 105.9 110.6 115.4 118.6
0.93 0.91 0.88 0.85 0.81
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
.............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. ..............................................................................
130.7 136.2 140.3 144.5 148.2
132.4 136.3 137.9 140.9 144.3
138.4 143.3 146.9 150.3 154.0
144.8 150.4 155.5 160.5 165.8
124.1 128.7 131.9 133.7 133.4
0.77 0.73 0.71 0.69 0.68
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. ..............................................................................
152.4 156.9 160.5 163.0 166.6
148.4 153.3 157.3 160.7 164.1
157.8 162.0 166.7 172.1 177.5
171.3 176.8 181.9 187.8 192.9
132.0 131.7 132.9 133.0 131.3
0.66 0.64 0.62 0.61 0.60
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. ..............................................................................
172.2 177.1 179.9 184.0 188.9
167.8 173.1 176.2 180.0 186.2
183.9 192.1 199.7 205.5 211.0
198.7 206.3 214.7 219.9 224.9
129.6 127.3 124.0 120.9 120.4
0.58 0.57 0.56 0.54 0.53
1December 1982 = 2Purchasing power
. . . = Not available.
100. in 1982–1984 = $1.00.
PRICES
383
Table 7-7. Consumer Price Indexes, Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W): U.S. City Average, Major Groups, 1913–2004 (1982–1984 = 100, unless otherwise indicated.) Year
All items
Food and beverages
Housing
Apparel
Transportation
Medical care
Recreation 1
Education and communication 1
Other goods and services
1913 .......................................................... 1914 ..........................................................
10.0 10.1
... ...
... ...
15.0 15.1
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
1915 1916 1917 1918 1919
.......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... ..........................................................
10.2 11.0 12.9 15.1 17.4
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
15.4 16.9 20.3 27.5 36.4
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1920 1921 1922 1923 1924
.......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... ..........................................................
20.1 18.0 16.9 17.2 17.2
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
43.3 33.4 27.2 27.2 26.9
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1925 1926 1927 1928 1929
.......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... ..........................................................
17.6 17.8 17.5 17.2 17.2
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
26.4 26.0 25.5 25.1 24.8
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1930 1931 1932 1933 1934
.......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... ..........................................................
16.8 15.3 13.7 13.0 13.5
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
24.3 22.1 19.6 18.9 20.7
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1935 1936 1937 1938 1939
.......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... ..........................................................
13.8 13.9 14.4 14.2 14.0
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
20.9 21.1 22.1 22.0 21.7
14.1 14.2 14.5 14.6 14.2
10.2 10.3 10.4 10.4 10.4
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1940 1941 1942 1943 1944
.......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... ..........................................................
14.1 14.8 16.4 17.4 17.7
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
21.9 23.0 26.8 28.0 30.0
14.1 14.6 15.9 15.8 15.8
10.4 10.5 10.8 11.3 11.6
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1945 1946 1947 1948 1949
.......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... ..........................................................
18.1 19.6 22.5 24.2 24.0
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
31.5 34.6 40.1 42.7 41.0
15.8 16.6 18.4 20.4 22.0
11.9 12.6 13.6 14.5 14.9
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
.......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... ..........................................................
24.2 26.1 26.7 26.9 27.0
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
40.5 44.1 43.7 43.3 43.3
22.6 24.0 25.6 26.3 25.9
15.2 15.9 16.8 17.4 17.9
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1December 1997 = 100. . . . = Not available.
384
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 7-7. Consumer Price Indexes, Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W): U.S. City Average, Major Groups, 1913–2004—Continued (1982–1984 = 100, unless otherwise indicated.) Year
All items
Food and beverages
Housing
Apparel
Transportation
Medical care
Recreation 1
Education and communication 1
Other goods and services
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
.......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... ..........................................................
26.9 27.3 28.3 29.1 29.3
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
43.1 44.0 44.7 44.8 45.2
25.6 26.1 27.6 28.4 29.6
18.3 19.0 19.8 20.7 21.6
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
.......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... ..........................................................
29.8 30.1 30.4 30.8 31.2
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
45.9 46.3 46.6 47.1 47.5
29.6 30.0 30.6 30.8 31.2
22.4 23.0 23.6 24.2 24.7
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
.......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... ..........................................................
31.7 32.6 33.6 35.0 36.9
... ... 35.0 36.2 38.0
... ... 31.1 32.3 34.3
48.0 49.2 51.2 54.0 57.1
31.7 32.2 33.1 34.1 35.5
25.3 26.4 28.3 30.0 32.1
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
... ... 35.4 37.2 39.1
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
.......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... ..........................................................
39.0 40.7 42.1 44.7 49.6
40.1 41.3 43.1 48.8 55.5
36.7 38.3 39.8 41.5 46.2
59.5 61.4 62.7 65.0 69.8
37.3 39.2 39.7 41.0 45.5
34.1 36.3 37.5 39.0 42.6
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
41.3 43.3 45.1 46.9 50.2
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
.......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... ..........................................................
54.1 57.2 60.9 65.6 73.1
60.2 62.0 65.7 72.1 79.9
51.1 54.2 57.9 62.9 70.7
72.9 75.6 79.0 81.7 85.2
49.8 54.7 58.6 61.5 70.4
47.7 52.3 57.3 62.1 68.0
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
54.4 57.6 60.9 64.8 69.4
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
.......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... ..........................................................
82.9 91.4 96.9 99.8 103.3
86.9 93.6 97.3 99.5 103.2
81.7 91.1 97.7 100.0 102.2
90.9 95.6 97.8 100.2 102.0
82.9 93.0 97.0 99.2 103.8
75.6 83.5 92.5 100.5 106.9
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
75.6 82.5 90.9 101.3 107.9
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
.......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... ..........................................................
106.9 108.6 112.5 117.0 122.6
105.5 108.9 113.3 117.9 124.6
106.6 109.7 112.8 116.8 121.2
105.0 105.8 110.4 114.9 117.9
106.4 101.7 105.1 108.3 113.9
113.6 122.0 130.2 139.0 149.6
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
114.2 120.9 127.8 136.5 147.4
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
.......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... ..........................................................
129.0 134.3 138.2 142.1 145.6
131.8 136.5 138.3 141.2 144.4
126.4 131.2 135.0 138.5 142.0
123.1 127.4 130.7 132.4 132.2
120.1 123.1 125.8 129.4 133.4
162.7 176.5 189.6 200.9 210.4
... ... ... 91.2 93.0
... ... ... 86.0 89.1
158.9 171.7 183.3 192.2 196.4
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... ..........................................................
149.8 154.1 157.6 159.7 163.2
148.3 153.2 157.2 160.4 163.8
145.4 149.6 153.4 156.7 160.0
130.9 130.9 132.1 131.6 130.1
138.8 142.8 143.6 140.5 143.4
219.8 227.6 234.0 241.4 249.7
94.7 97.5 99.7 100.9 101.3
92.3 95.4 98.5 100.4 101.5
204.2 212.2 221.6 236.1 261.9
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... .......................................................... ..........................................................
168.9 173.5 175.9 179.8 184.5
167.7 173.0 176.1 179.9 186.2
165.4 172.1 175.7 180.4 185.0
128.3 126.1 123.1 120.0 120.0
152.8 153.6 151.8 156.3 161.5
259.9 271.8 284.6 296.3 309.5
102.4 103.6 104.6 105.5 106.3
102.7 105.3 107.6 109.0 110.0
276.5 289.5 302.0 307.0 312.6
1December 1997 = 100. . . . = Not available.
PRICES
385
CONSUMER PRICE INDEX, HEALTH EXPENDITURES
Consumer Price Index, All Items and Medical Care, 1994–2004 450 400 350 300
Index
250 200 150 100 50 0 1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Year All items
Medical care
Medical care commodities
Hospital and related services
The CPI for medical services, with a 5 percent increase, continues to rise more rapidly than both the CPI for medical commodities (2.5 percent) and for medical care professional services (3.9 percent). The CPI for hospital and related services has increased by more than 50 percent since 1997, and it has grown by 31.7 percent since 2000. (Table 7-8)
386
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 7-8. Consumer Price Indexes, All Urban Consumers (CPI-U): U.S. City Average, by Expenditure Category, 1990–2004 (1982–1984 = 100, unless otherwise indicated.) Expenditure category
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
ALL ITEMS ...................................................................
130.7
136.2
140.3
144.5
148.2
152.4
156.9
160.5
163.0
166.6
172.2
177.1
179.9
184.0
188.9
Food and Beverages ................................................... Food .............................................................................. Food at home ............................................................ Cereals and bakery products ................................ Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs ............................... Dairy and related products .................................... Fruits and vegetables ............................................ Nonalcoholic beverages and beverage materials ............................................................ Other food at home ............................................... Sugar and sweets .............................................. Fats and oils ...................................................... Other foods ........................................................ Other miscellaneous foods 1 .......................... Food away from home ............................................... Other food away from home 1 ................................ Alcoholic beverages ......................................................
132.1 132.4 132.3 140.0 130.0 126.5 149.0
136.8 136.3 135.8 145.8 132.6 125.1 155.8
138.7 137.9 136.8 151.5 130.9 128.5 155.4
141.6 140.9 140.1 156.6 135.5 129.4 159.0
144.9 144.3 144.1 163.0 137.2 131.7 165.0
148.9 148.4 148.8 167.5 138.8 132.8 177.7
153.7 153.3 154.3 174.0 144.8 142.1 183.9
157.7 157.3 158.1 177.6 148.5 145.5 187.5
161.1 160.7 161.1 181.1 147.3 150.8 198.2
164.6 164.1 164.2 185.0 147.9 159.6 203.1
168.4 167.8 167.9 188.3 154.5 160.7 204.6
173.6 173.1 173.4 193.8 161.3 167.1 212.2
176.8 176.2 175.6 198.0 162.1 168.1 220.9
180.5 180.0 179.4 202.8 169.3 167.9 225.9
186.6 186.2 186.2 206.0 181.7 180.2 232.7
113.5 123.4 124.7 126.3 131.2 ... 133.4 ... 129.3
114.1 127.3 129.3 131.7 137.1 ... 137.9 ... 142.8
114.3 128.8 133.1 129.8 140.1 ... 140.7 ... 147.3
114.6 130.5 133.4 130.0 143.7 ... 143.2 ... 149.6
123.2 135.6 135.2 133.5 147.5 ... 145.7 ... 151.5
131.7 140.8 137.5 137.3 151.1 ... 149.0 ... 153.9
128.6 142.9 143.7 140.5 156.2 ... 152.7 ... 158.5
133.4 147.3 147.8 141.7 161.2 ... 157.0 ... 162.8
133.0 150.8 150.2 146.9 165.5 102.6 161.1 101.6 165.7
134.3 153.5 152.3 148.3 168.9 104.9 165.1 105.2 169.7
137.8 155.6 154.0 147.4 172.2 107.5 169.0 109.0 174.7
139.2 159.6 155.7 155.7 176.0 108.9 173.9 113.4 179.3
139.2 160.8 159.0 155.4 177.1 109.2 178.3 117.7 183.6
139.8 162.6 162.0 157.4 178.8 110.3 182.1 121.3 187.2
140.4 164.9 163.2 167.8 179.7 110.4 187.5 125.3 192.1
Housing ........................................................................ Shelter ........................................................................... Rent of primary residence ......................................... Lodging away from home 1 ........................................ Owners’ equivalent rent of primary residence 2 ......... Tenants’ and household insurance 1 ......................... Fuels and utilities ........................................................... Fuels .......................................................................... Fuel oil and other household fuels ........................ Gas (piped) and electricity ..................................... Water, sewer, and trash collection services 1 ............ Household furnishings and operations .......................... Household operations 1 .............................................
128.5 140.0 138.4 ... 144.8 ... 111.6 104.5 99.3 109.3 ... 113.3 ...
133.6 146.3 143.3 ... 150.4 ... 115.3 106.7 94.6 112.6 ... 116.0 ...
137.5 151.2 146.9 ... 155.5 ... 117.8 108.1 90.7 114.8 ... 118.0 ...
141.2 155.7 150.3 ... 160.5 ... 121.3 111.2 90.3 118.5 ... 119.3 ...
144.8 160.5 154.0 ... 165.8 ... 122.8 111.7 88.8 119.2 ... 121.0 ...
148.5 165.7 157.8 ... 171.3 ... 123.7 111.5 88.1 119.2 ... 123.0 ...
152.8 171.0 162.0 ... 176.8 ... 127.5 115.2 99.2 122.1 ... 124.7 ...
156.8 176.3 166.7 ... 181.9 ... 130.8 117.9 99.8 125.1 ... 125.4 ...
160.4 182.1 172.1 109.0 187.8 99.8 128.5 113.7 90.0 121.2 101.6 126.6 101.5
163.9 187.3 177.5 112.3 192.9 101.3 128.8 113.5 91.4 120.9 104.0 126.7 104.5
169.6 193.4 183.9 117.5 198.7 103.7 137.9 122.8 129.7 128.0 106.5 128.2 110.5
176.4 200.6 192.1 118.6 206.3 106.2 150.2 135.4 129.3 142.4 109.6 129.1 115.6
180.3 208.1 199.7 118.3 214.7 108.7 143.6 127.2 115.5 134.4 113.0 128.3 119.0
184.8 213.1 205.5 119.3 219.9 114.8 154.5 138.2 139.5 145.0 117.2 126.1 121.8
189.5 218.8 211.0 125.9 224.9 116.2 161.9 144.4 160.5 150.6 124.0 125.5 125.0
Apparel ......................................................................... Men’s and boys’ apparel ............................................... Women’s and girls’ apparel ........................................... Infants’ and toddlers’ apparel ........................................ Footwear .......................................................................
124.1 120.4 122.6 125.8 117.4
128.7 124.2 127.6 128.9 120.9
131.9 126.5 130.4 129.3 125.0
133.7 127.5 132.6 127.1 125.9
133.4 126.4 130.9 128.1 126.0
132.0 126.2 126.9 127.2 125.4
131.7 127.7 124.7 129.7 126.6
132.9 130.1 126.1 129.0 127.6
133.0 131.8 126.0 126.1 128.0
131.3 131.1 123.3 129.0 125.7
129.6 129.7 121.5 130.6 123.8
127.3 125.7 119.3 129.2 123.0
124.0 121.7 115.8 126.4 121.4
120.9 118.0 113.1 122.1 119.6
120.4 117.5 113.0 118.5 119.3
Transportation ............................................................. Private transportation .................................................... New and used motor vehicles 1 ................................. New vehicles ......................................................... Used cars and trucks ............................................. Motor fuel .................................................................. Gasoline (all types) ................................................ Motor vehicle parts and equipment ........................... Motor vehicle maintenance and repair ...................... Public transportation ......................................................
120.5 118.8 ... 121.4 117.6 101.2 101.0 100.9 130.1 142.6
123.8 121.9 ... 126.0 118.1 99.4 99.2 102.2 136.0 148.9
126.5 124.6 ... 129.2 123.2 99.0 99.0 103.1 141.3 151.4
130.4 127.5 91.8 132.7 133.9 98.0 97.7 101.6 145.9 167.0
134.3 131.4 95.5 137.6 141.7 98.5 98.2 101.4 150.2 172.0
139.1 136.3 99.4 141.0 156.5 100.0 99.8 102.1 154.0 175.9
143.0 140.0 101.0 143.7 157.0 106.3 105.9 102.2 158.4 181.9
144.3 141.0 100.5 144.3 151.1 106.2 105.8 101.9 162.7 186.7
141.6 137.9 100.1 143.4 150.6 92.2 91.6 101.1 167.1 190.3
144.4 140.5 100.1 142.9 152.0 100.7 100.1 100.5 171.9 197.7
153.3 149.1 100.8 142.8 155.8 129.3 128.6 101.5 177.3 209.6
154.3 150.0 101.3 142.1 158.7 124.7 124.0 104.8 183.5 210.6
152.9 148.8 99.2 140.0 152.0 116.6 116.0 106.9 190.2 207.4
157.6 153.6 96.5 137.9 142.9 135.8 135.1 107.8 195.6 209.3
163.1 159.4 94.2 137.1 133.3 160.4 159.7 108.7 200.2 209.1
Medical Care ................................................................ Medical care commodities ............................................. Medical care services .................................................... Professional services ................................................ Hospital and related services ....................................
162.8 163.4 162.7 156.1 178.0
177.0 176.8 177.1 165.7 196.1
190.1 188.1 190.5 175.8 214.0
201.4 195.0 202.9 184.7 231.9
211.0 200.7 213.4 192.5 245.6
220.5 204.5 224.2 201.0 257.8
228.2 210.4 232.4 208.3 269.5
234.6 215.3 239.1 215.4 278.4
242.1 221.8 246.8 222.2 287.5
250.6 230.7 255.1 229.2 299.5
260.8 238.1 266.0 237.7 317.3
272.8 247.6 278.8 246.5 338.3
285.6 256.4 292.9 253.9 367.8
297.1 262.8 306.0 261.2 394.8
310.1 269.3 321.3 271.5 417.9
Recreation 1 .................................................................. Video and audio 1 ..........................................................
... ...
... ...
... ...
90.7 96.5
92.7 95.4
94.5 95.1
97.4 96.6
99.6 99.4
101.1 101.1
102.0 100.7
103.3 101.0
104.9 101.5
106.2 102.8
107.5 103.6
108.6 104.2
Education and Communication 1 ............................... Education 1 .................................................................... Educational books and supplies ................................ Tuition, other school fees, and child care .................. Communication 1 ........................................................... Information and information processing 1 .................. Telephone services 1 ................................................. Information technology, hardware, and services 3 ..... Personal computers and peripheral equipment 1 .......................................................
... ... 171.3 175.7 ... ... ... 93.5
... ... 180.3 191.4 ... ... ... 88.6
... ... 190.3 208.5 ... ... ... 83.7
85.5 78.4 197.6 225.3 96.7 97.7 ... 78.8
88.8 83.3 205.5 239.8 97.6 98.6 ... 72.0
92.2 88.0 214.4 253.8 98.8 98.7 ... 63.8
95.3 92.7 226.9 267.1 99.6 99.5 ... 57.2
98.4 97.3 238.4 280.4 100.3 100.4 ... 50.1
100.3 102.1 250.8 294.2 98.7 98.5 100.7 39.9
101.2 107.0 261.7 308.4 96.0 95.5 100.1 30.5
102.5 112.5 279.9 324.0 93.6 92.8 98.5 25.9
105.2 118.5 295.9 341.1 93.3 92.3 99.3 21.3
107.9 126.0 317.6 362.1 92.3 90.8 99.7 18.3
109.8 134.4 335.4 386.7 89.7 87.8 98.3 16.1
111.6 143.7 351.0 414.3 86.7 84.6 95.8 14.8
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
78.2
53.5
41.1
29.5
22.2
17.6
15.3
Other Goods and Services ......................................... Tobacco and smoking products .................................... Personal care ................................................................ Personal care products ............................................. Personal care services .............................................. Miscellaneous personal services ...............................
159.0 181.5 130.4 128.2 132.8 158.4
171.6 202.7 134.9 132.8 137.0 168.8
183.3 219.8 138.3 136.5 140.0 177.5
192.9 228.4 141.5 139.0 144.0 186.1
198.5 220.0 144.6 141.5 147.9 195.9
206.9 225.7 147.1 143.1 151.5 205.9
215.4 232.8 150.1 144.3 156.6 215.6
224.8 243.7 152.7 144.2 162.4 226.1
237.7 274.8 156.7 148.3 166.0 234.7
258.3 355.8 161.1 151.8 171.4 243.0
271.1 394.9 165.6 153.7 178.1 252.3
282.6 425.2 170.5 155.1 184.3 263.1
293.2 461.5 174.7 154.7 188.4 274.4
298.7 469.0 178.0 153.5 193.2 283.5
304.7 478.0 181.7 153.9 197.6 293.9
1December 2December 3December
1997 = 100. 1982 = 100. 1988 = 100. . . . = Not available.
PRICES
387
Table 7-9. Relative Importance of Components in the Consumer Price Index: U.S. City Average, December 1997–December 2004 (Percent of all items.) Index and year
All items
Food and beverages
Housing
Apparel
Transportation
Medical care
Recreation
Education and communication
Other goods and services
All URBAN CONSUMERS (CPI-U) December 1997 ...................................... December 1998 ...................................... December 1999 ...................................... December 2000 ...................................... December 2001 (1993–1995 Weights) ..
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
16.3 16.4 16.3 16.2 16.4
39.6 39.8 39.6 40.0 40.5
4.9 4.8 4.7 4.4 4.2
17.6 17.0 17.5 17.6 16.6
5.6 5.7 5.8 5.8 6.0
6.1 6.1 6.0 5.9 5.9
5.5 5.5 5.4 5.3 5.4
4.3 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9
December 2001 (1999–2000 Weights) .. December 2002 ...................................... December 2003 ...................................... December 2004 ......................................
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
15.7 15.6 15.4 15.3
40.9 40.9 42.1 42.0
4.4 4.2 4.0 3.8
17.1 17.3 16.9 17.4
5.8 6.0 6.1 6.1
6.0 5.9 5.9 5.7
5.8 5.8 5.9 5.8
4.3 4.4 3.8 3.8
December 1997 ...................................... December 1998 ...................................... December 1999 ...................................... December 2000 ...................................... December 2001 (1993–1995 Weights) ..
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
17.9 18.0 17.9 17.8 18.0
36.5 36.7 36.5 36.8 37.3
5.3 5.2 5.0 4.8 4.6
19.8 19.2 19.7 19.9 18.8
4.6 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.9
6.0 5.9 5.8 5.7 5.7
5.4 5.4 5.3 5.2 5.3
4.5 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.4
December 2001 (1999–2000 Weights) .. December 2002 ...................................... December 2003 ...................................... December 2004 ......................................
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
17.2 17.1 17.2 17.0
38.1 38.1 39.1 39.0
4.8 4.6 4.4 4.2
19.4 19.7 19.1 19.8
4.6 4.7 5.0 5.0
5.6 5.6 5.7 5.5
5.6 5.6 5.6 5.5
4.5 4.6 3.9 3.9
URBAN WAGE EARNERS AND WORKERS (CPI-W)
388
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 7-10. Consumer Price Indexes, All Urban Consumers, All Items: Selected Areas, Selected Years, 1965–2004 (1982–1984 = 100, unless otherwise indicated.) Area
1965
1970
1975
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
32.6 32.8 32.5 31.4
41.2 40.8 40.2 38.1
57.6 56.8 55.8 52.4
82.1 83.6 82.6 81.0
90.1 92.1 91.8 89.3
95.3 96.6 95.5 94.4
99.8 99.4 99.8 101.1
104.8 104.1 104.7 104.5
108.7 108.8 109.4 106.9
112.3 111.5 112.2 108.2
118.0 116.8 117.1 111.4
123.7 122.4 124.2 114.9
130.6 128.3 131.3 120.1
138.5 135.8 138.9 126.2
31.7 31.2 31.7 29.6 30.1 31.0 30.5 32.2
38.9 39.5 38.8 37.2 37.4 37.5 37.4 39.0
52.8 53.9 52.6 50.2 51.2 50.8 51.8 53.2
82.2 85.3 82.5 78.9 78.9 81.4 82.1 83.6
90.0 93.2 90.1 87.2 88.6 90.7 87.9 90.5
96.2 97.0 96.6 94.0 97.4 95.9 94.9 95.0
100.0 99.8 100.1 101.2 99.5 100.2 100.8 100.5
103.8 103.2 103.3 104.8 103.1 103.8 104.3 104.5
107.7 106.8 107.1 107.8 107.0 107.0 106.6 107.7
110.0 108.3 108.6 109.4 108.4 107.4 107.6 108.7
114.5 111.7 112.2 112.7 111.6 111.5 111.9 113.1
119.0 116.1 115.7 116.7 117.2 115.9 116.1 117.4
125.0 122.3 121.8 122.7 122.0 120.8 120.9 121.6
131.7 128.6 128.1 129.0 127.0 126.2 126.5 126.0
... 29.9 29.6 31.2 ... ...
... 37.6 36.4 38.6 ... ...
... 50.4 51.4 53.6 ... ...
... 81.5 82.7 80.3 81.1 ...
... 90.8 91.0 90.2 90.5 ...
... 96.0 97.3 96.0 96.7 ...
... 99.7 100.0 99.9 99.9 ...
... 104.3 102.7 104.1 103.5 ...
... 108.2 104.9 108.9 106.5 ...
... 109.9 103.9 112.2 107.9 ...
... 112.9 106.5 116.5 111.8 100.0
... 116.1 109.5 120.4 116.8 103.7
... 119.5 114.1 126.1 121.5 107.2
... 125.1 120.6 131.7 128.0 111.7
32.4 30.8 31.0 28.2 32.3 34.4 35.3 28.8
38.7 37.7 37.4 34.1 38.7 41.5 41.1 34.5
53.3 51.8 51.1 47.6 53.5 56.3 57.1 48.4
83.7 80.4 82.7 79.4 87.2 83.0 85.5 78.4
91.9 90.8 91.8 90.1 95.0 91.7 92.4 87.2
97.3 97.6 97.7 96.2 98.0 97.2 97.4 95.1
99.1 98.4 99.3 99.0 99.1 99.3 99.2 100.5
103.6 104.0 103.0 104.8 102.8 103.5 103.3 104.3
108.4 108.4 105.6 110.4 106.7 106.8 105.8 107.1
111.9 111.6 106.7 113.5 108.2 109.4 107.8 107.9
116.7 115.4 109.2 117.5 110.9 114.9 108.2 110.8
122.1 120.5 112.8 123.4 114.7 121.7 108.6 113.7
128.3 126.4 118.1 130.6 120.4 128.7 111.7 115.8
135.9 132.1 126.8 138.4 127.4 138.1 118.6 120.9
Area
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island ................... Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atlantic City ............................... Boston-Brockton-Nashua ................................................. Pittsburgh .........................................................................
144.8 142.2 145.0 131.3
150.0 146.6 148.6 136.0
154.5 150.2 152.9 139.9
158.2 154.6 154.9 144.6
162.2 158.7 158.6 149.2
166.9 162.8 163.3 153.2
170.8 166.5 167.9 157.0
173.6 168.2 171.7 159.2
177.0 171.9 176.0 162.5
182.5 176.5 183.6 168.0
187.1 181.3 191.5 172.5
191.9 184.9 196.5 174.0
197.8 188.8 203.9 177.5
204.8 196.5 209.5 183.0
137.0 133.1 132.1 134.2 130.4 132.2 131.4 131.2
141.1 135.9 134.7 136.8 135.0 137.1 134.1 134.3
145.4 139.6 137.5 140.3 139.2 142.1 137.8 138.1
148.6 144.0 141.3 144.4 143.6 147.0 142.4 141.3
153.3 148.6 145.2 147.9 147.0 151.0 146.2 145.3
157.4 152.5 149.6 152.0 151.9 154.7 149.6 151.6
161.7 156.3 152.9 156.1 155.4 157.7 152.1 155.8
165.0 159.8 154.5 159.8 158.3 160.3 155.1 157.8
168.4 163.9 157.6 162.5 163.3 163.7 159.2 160.1
173.8 169.8 163.1 168.0 170.1 168.6 164.8 166.6
178.3 174.4 167.3 172.9 176.5 171.7 167.9 172.2
181.2 178.9 169.1 173.3 179.6 174.0 170.0 174.0
184.5 182.5 173.4 176.2 182.7 177.7 173.4 177.0
188.6 185.4 180.3 181.6 187.9 180.2 176.5 180.7
... 130.8 125.1 135.9 132.3 116.4
... 133.9 129.1 138.5 134.5 119.2
... 137.3 133.4 143.4 139.1 124.0
... 141.2 137.9 146.7 143.6 126.5
... 144.9 139.8 150.9 148.9 129.7
... 148.8 142.7 156.0 153.7 131.6
100.8 151.4 145.4 158.9 158.4 134.0
102.1 153.6 146.8 161.2 160.5 137.5
104.2 158.0 148.7 164.8 162.4 140.6
107.6 164.7 154.2 170.6 167.8 145.7
110.4 170.4 158.8 176.2 173.0 148.8
113.0 172.7 159.2 178.2 175.5 153.9
116.2 176.2 163.7 180.8 180.6 158.1
119.5 178.7 169.5 183.2 185.6 162.0
141.4 137.9 134.1 143.4 133.9 148.0 124.0 125.6
146.5 142.5 139.0 147.4 139.8 155.1 128.2 130.3
150.3 146.3 142.9 150.6 144.7 160.1 132.2 135.8
152.3 148.7 147.8 154.5 148.9 164.5 135.0 141.8
154.6 151.6 152.3 156.8 153.2 168.1 138.9 147.9
157.5 155.1 157.5 160.9 158.6 170.7 142.7 153.1
160.0 160.4 163.0 163.7 164.0 171.9 144.8 158.1
162.3 165.5 167.7 166.9 167.1 171.5 146.9 161.9
166.1 172.5 172.8 172.8 172.6 173.3 148.4 166.6
171.6 180.2 179.2 182.8 178.0 176.3 150.9 173.2
177.3 189.9 185.7 191.2 182.4 178.4 155.2 181.3
182.2 193.0 189.3 197.9 183.8 180.3 158.2 184.8
187.0 196.4 192.3 205.3 186.3 184.5 162.5 186.8
193.2 198.8 194.7 212.8 191.1 190.6 166.7 187.0
NORTHEAST New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island ................... Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atlantic City ............................... Boston-Brockton-Nashua ................................................. Pittsburgh ......................................................................... NORTH CENTRAL Chicago-Gary-Kenosha .................................................... Detroit-Ann Arbor-Flint ..................................................... St. Louis ........................................................................... Cleveland-Akron ............................................................... Minneapolis-St. Paul ........................................................ Milwaukee-Racine ............................................................ Cincinnati-Hamilton .......................................................... Kansas City ...................................................................... SOUTH Washington-Baltimore 1 .................................................... Dallas-Fort Worth ............................................................. Houston-Galveston-Brazoria ............................................ Atlanta .............................................................................. Miami-Fort Lauderdale ..................................................... Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater 2 ................................. WEST Los Angeles-Riverside-Orange County ............................ San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose .................................... Seattle-Tacoma-Bremerton .............................................. San Diego ......................................................................... Portland-Salem ................................................................. Honolulu ........................................................................... Anchorage ........................................................................ Denver-Boulder-Greeley ..................................................
NORTHEAST
NORTH CENTRAL Chicago-Gary-Kenosha .................................................... Detroit-Ann Arbor-Flint ..................................................... St. Louis ........................................................................... Cleveland-Akron ............................................................... Minneapolis-St. Paul ........................................................ Milwaukee-Racine ............................................................ Cincinnati-Hamilton .......................................................... Kansas City ...................................................................... SOUTH Washington-Baltimore 1 .................................................... Dallas-Fort Worth ............................................................. Houston-Galveston-Brazoria ............................................ Atlanta .............................................................................. Miami-Fort Lauderdale ..................................................... Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater 2 ................................. WEST Los Angeles-Riverside-Orange County ............................ San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose .................................... Seattle-Tacoma-Bremerton .............................................. San Diego ......................................................................... Portland-Salem ................................................................. Honolulu ........................................................................... Anchorage ........................................................................ Denver-Boulder-Greeley .................................................. 1November 1996 21987 = 100.
= 100.
. . . = Not available.
PRICES
389
NOTES AND DEFINITIONS EXPORT AND IMPORT PRICE INDEXES Collection and Coverage United States export and import price indexes cover nonmilitary goods transactions between the United States and the rest of the world. The export price indexes provide a measure of price change for U.S. products sold to other countries, and the import price indexes provide a measure of price change for goods purchased by U.S. residents from other countries. BLS field representatives initially collect the prices used in constructing the indexes through personal visits. Thereafter, the prices generally are collected each month by mail questionnaire or telephone. To the extent possible, products are priced at the U.S. border for exports and at both the foreign border and the U.S. border for imports. Only one price basis series is used in constructing the index for each given product. For most products, prices refer to transactions completed during the first week of the month. Indexes published here are based on the Standard Industrial Trade Classification System (SITC), a United Nations product classification system. The SITC is especially useful for international comparisons. Both End Use Category and the Harmonized System nomenclature publish these indexes.
on the number of units bought or sold, discounts, credit terms, packaging, class of buyer or seller, etc. When there are changes in either the specifications or terms of transaction for a product, the dollar value of each change is deleted from the total price change in order to obtain the “pure price change.” Once this value is determined, a linking procedure is employed, allowing for continued repricing of the item. At the elementary level, the price changes for individual items within a given Company/Classification Group cell are generally averaged together using equal weights in order to produce an index at the cell level. These cells are then averaged together using the relative importance of a given company’s trade in the product area to produce an index at the Classification Group level. These Classification Group indexes are then averaged together using weights derived from these company weights in order to produce the lowest level publication strata. Successively higher levels of publication strata are then averaged together using their relative importance based on 1995 U.S. trade values. A limited number of import price indexes based on locality of origin indexes are also produced. BLS also publishes indexes for selected categories of internationally traded services as calculated on an international basis. Sources of Additional Information
Prices are collected according to the specification method. The specifications for each product include detailed descriptions of the product’s physical and functional characteristics. The terms of transaction include information
Concepts and methodology are described in Chapter 15 of the BLS Handbook of Methods and in monthly press releases.
390
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 7-11. U.S. Export Price Indexes for Selected Categories of Goods, by Standard International Trade Classification, 1990–2004 (2000 = 100.)
Categories
Relative importance 1
1990 March
June
1991
Septem- December ber
March
June
1992
Septem- December ber
March
June
Septem- December ber
ALL COMMODITIES .............................................................
100.00
94.8
95.1
95.8
96.3
96.4
96.1
95.6
95.7
96.2
96.5
96.6
96.3
Food and Live Animals ....................................................... Meat and meat preparations .................................................. Fish, crustaceans, aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof ................................................................................ Cereals and cereal preparations ............................................ Vegetables and fruit and nuts, fresh or dried ......................... Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals) ..... Miscellaneous edible products and preparations ...................
6.48 1.20
101.1 82.8
102.4 81.4
96.2 81.8
93.3 84.7
96.4 85.0
99.0 84.2
98.0 85.3
100.3 82.8
104.3 86.6
101.0 87.7
98.8 86.4
98.2 88.2
0.48 1.66 1.54 0.59 0.49
89.9 122.1 92.6 102.3 93.4
86.8 126.5 93.2 99.5 94.0
88.8 112.4 90.2 101.0 93.8
87.2 104.7 89.5 104.9 95.0
86.7 107.9 104.0 105.6 93.9
83.5 112.7 111.0 101.9 94.5
77.6 112.7 103.4 107.2 93.8
83.2 119.6 95.6 108.0 94.0
90.0 127.4 97.0 103.9 93.4
86.5 122.0 91.4 104.1 94.2
84.5 115.3 92.0 107.0 94.9
80.0 114.2 94.1 105.8 95.1
Beverages and Tobacco ..................................................... Tobacco and tobacco manufactures ......................................
0.68 0.42
83.4 83.4
84.9 85.0
85.6 85.7
88.0 87.9
89.9 89.9
90.4 90.3
90.9 90.7
92.6 92.4
93.1 92.9
93.8 93.7
94.7 94.5
95.5 95.4
Crude Materials, Inedible, Except Fuels ............................ Oil seeds and oleaginous fruits .............................................. Cork and wood ....................................................................... Textile fibers and their waste ................................................. Metalliferous ores and metal scrap ........................................
5.50 1.17 0.52 0.62 1.43
96.4 115.2 77.1 111.2 102.8
96.7 116.1 76.5 118.2 105.9
97.1 123.5 74.2 116.0 111.9
94.7 123.3 71.9 115.3 103.5
94.6 124.1 73.2 120.3 102.2
91.8 118.7 73.4 123.2 94.5
88.2 116.8 74.3 112.5 92.3
86.2 111.8 74.2 102.6 87.2
87.6 113.8 78.9 97.9 91.0
89.9 117.6 82.5 99.1 90.2
90.4 110.1 89.8 94.7 91.0
90.0 110.2 93.7 94.1 87.0
Mineral Fuels, Lubricants, and Related Materials ............ Petroleum, petroleum products, and related materials ..........
2.95 2.27
68.9 60.1
67.2 57.5
78.3 77.2
80.7 79.2
69.1 59.3
66.3 54.9
66.3 54.9
67.0 56.1
61.3 47.4
63.8 52.9
64.7 54.6
63.6 52.2
Chemicals and Related Products, n.e.s. ............................ Organic chemicals ................................................................. Inorganic chemicals ............................................................... Medicinal and pharmaceutical products ................................ Essential oils, polishing, and cleansing preparations ............ Fertilizers ............................................................................... Plastics in primary forms ........................................................ Plastics in nonprimary forms .................................................. Chemical materials and products, n.e.s. ................................
14.94 3.60 0.96 2.71 1.05 0.42 2.74 0.94 1.89
90.4 97.4 ... 91.4 86.2 ... ... ... 85.8
90.4 93.9 ... 91.7 87.4 ... ... ... 86.4
93.3 99.5 ... 92.0 87.6 ... ... ... 88.0
97.1 105.1 ... 92.5 87.9 ... ... ... 90.0
96.1 100.7 ... 92.2 88.1 ... ... ... 91.7
92.5 93.6 ... 92.4 88.2 ... ... ... 90.5
91.0 88.6 ... 94.0 88.8 ... ... ... 89.6
90.3 88.6 ... 94.0 88.5 ... ... ... 89.5
90.2 88.5 ... 95.1 90.0 ... ... ... 90.1
90.4 90.5 ... 95.7 90.5 ... ... ... 90.1
90.1 91.9 ... 95.6 89.6 ... ... ... 90.5
89.0 89.7 87.9 95.8 89.5 ... 78.8 92.9 90.6
Manufactured Goods Classified Chiefly by Material ........ Rubber manufactures, n.e.s. ................................................. Uncoated paper, paperboard, linerboard ............................... Textile yarn, fabrics, and made-up articles, n.e.s. ................. Nonmetallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s. .............................. Iron and steel ......................................................................... Nonferrous metals ................................................................. Manufactures of metals, n.e.s. ...............................................
10.50 0.70 1.47 1.58 1.56 1.42 1.20 2.17
86.7 81.3 91.1 91.7 86.3 ... 86.1 80.9
86.8 81.4 90.8 91.2 85.8 ... 87.1 81.2
87.2 82.2 91.3 91.2 85.8 ... 89.2 81.3
87.1 84.2 91.5 92.1 86.6 ... 85.0 82.0
87.3 85.7 91.1 94.1 87.2 ... 81.0 83.1
87.0 86.4 90.7 95.3 87.2 ... 76.5 83.5
86.7 86.6 90.0 94.8 87.2 ... 76.0 83.7
86.7 87.0 90.2 95.1 88.0 ... 73.9 84.0
87.2 86.8 89.9 96.5 88.2 ... 75.4 84.2
87.5 86.9 89.7 96.7 89.2 ... 76.3 84.2
87.8 87.5 89.2 97.0 89.3 ... 76.4 84.8
87.7 87.7 88.8 97.3 89.4 ... 73.9 85.6
Machinery and Transport Equipment ................................ Power generating machinery and equipment ........................ Machinery specialized for particular industries ...................... Metalworking machinery ........................................................ General industrial machinery, equipment, and parts, n.e.s. .. Computer equipment and office machines ............................ Telecommunications and sound recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment .................................................. Electrical machinery and equipment ...................................... Road vehicles ........................................................................
46.83 4.59 3.59 0.60 4.66 5.21
97.4 76.3 82.6 81.1 81.8 193.4
97.9 77.0 82.7 82.1 82.5 193.2
98.3 77.2 83.4 82.2 83.0 192.9
98.8 77.8 84.5 84.2 83.4 190.5
100.3 79.8 85.3 85.9 85.3 190.9
101.0 80.7 86.1 87.7 85.8 189.4
101.4 81.4 86.2 87.9 86.4 187.2
101.7 81.8 86.6 88.3 86.4 185.0
102.1 82.9 87.3 89.4 87.6 183.8
102.4 84.5 88.0 89.9 87.8 182.2
102.6 84.4 88.4 89.9 88.1 180.9
102.6 84.6 89.0 89.8 88.6 176.9
3.13 11.41 8.67
95.5 113.1 88.2
97.3 112.7 88.7
97.8 112.4 89.1
98.3 112.7 90.1
100.7 112.8 90.9
103.4 113.4 91.2
104.9 115.5 91.4
105.8 116.3 92.1
104.5 117.6 92.2
105.3 116.8 92.6
105.7 117.4 92.8
105.8 117.2 93.2
11.06 0.60 0.76
89.7 92.3 ...
90.5 93.6 ...
91.8 93.4 ...
93.2 95.2 ...
94.4 96.9 ...
95.1 97.6 ...
95.4 97.7 ...
95.9 97.5 ...
96.6 98.4 ...
97.0 98.2 ...
97.2 97.8 ...
97.3 98.1 ...
4.27
80.5
81.9
83.8
85.6
86.6
87.8
88.0
88.8
89.7
90.1
90.0
90.1
0.90 4.16
95.0 97.6
94.6 98.1
96.0 98.7
98.4 99.4
98.8 101.1
98.6 101.2
98.4 101.9
99.4 101.7
99.3 102.1
98.2 103.0
99.1 103.6
99.7 103.3
Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles ............................... Furniture and parts thereof .................................................... Articles of apparel and clothing accessories .......................... Professional, scientific and controlling instruments, and apparatus, n.e.s. ................................................................ Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies, and optical goods, n.e.s. ........................................................... Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s. .......................... n.e.s. = not elsewhere specified.
1Percent of total, relative importance in December 1999, based on 1995 trade values. . . . = Not available.
391
PRICES
Table 7-11. U.S. Export Price Indexes for Selected Categories of Goods, by Standard International Trade Classification, 1990–2004—Continued (2000 = 100.) 1993 Categories March
June
1994
Septem- December ber
March
June
1995
Septem- December ber
March
June
Septem- December ber
ALL COMMODITIES .............................................................
96.6
96.9
96.9
97.3
98.2
98.5
99.1
101.1
103.0
104.5
104.4
104.4
Food and Live Animals ....................................................... Meat and meat preparations .................................................. Fish, crustaceans, aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof ................................................................................ Cereals and cereal preparations ............................................ Vegetables and fruit and nuts, fresh or dried ......................... Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals) ..... Miscellaneous edible products and preparations ...................
97.7 89.8
96.1 92.2
100.4 88.4
105.9 88.5
106.7 91.3
102.0 88.7
100.6 89.0
104.9 90.1
106.3 92.9
112.1 95.7
121.6 99.4
126.5 101.4
81.5 112.7 94.7 101.9 93.9
85.1 105.8 94.1 102.7 94.4
79.8 111.8 107.8 109.6 94.0
77.8 129.4 104.5 112.0 90.6
83.1 130.4 102.5 108.8 91.9
86.5 118.5 100.1 108.2 92.0
93.4 111.9 100.1 105.9 93.1
97.8 121.0 103.5 101.0 93.1
106.8 120.1 106.8 99.1 92.9
107.1 133.2 107.2 104.9 94.8
105.6 149.6 122.7 107.1 94.0
96.3 167.9 111.2 122.4 95.3
Beverages and Tobacco ..................................................... Tobacco and tobacco manufactures ......................................
96.4 96.3
96.7 96.4
97.5 97.2
96.5 96.1
96.9 96.6
97.0 96.7
96.8 96.4
96.9 96.5
97.9 97.5
98.2 98.1
98.7 98.6
98.5 98.3
Crude Materials, Inedible, Except Fuels ............................ Oil seeds and oleaginous fruits .............................................. Cork and wood ....................................................................... Textile fibers and their waste ................................................. Metalliferous ores and metal scrap ........................................
93.4 114.4 110.0 97.8 87.8
95.8 117.0 121.0 96.1 89.0
94.3 130.0 111.4 93.3 89.0
95.0 133.9 110.0 95.6 90.3
100.7 134.2 114.7 113.3 96.0
104.0 134.9 112.0 120.9 96.7
104.8 115.0 111.8 117.3 106.2
112.4 109.8 113.6 127.3 123.5
122.6 112.0 117.9 152.6 132.4
125.4 115.6 117.5 154.3 132.2
119.0 123.1 111.4 141.2 125.0
116.0 136.0 112.0 142.2 116.4
Mineral Fuels, Lubricants, and Related Materials ............ Petroleum, petroleum products, and related materials ..........
64.5 53.5
64.9 55.3
63.2 52.6
60.4 48.2
61.8 50.1
64.5 55.0
64.6 55.6
65.9 56.7
65.6 56.1
68.5 59.6
67.5 57.4
68.5 59.2
Chemicals and Related Products, n.e.s. ............................ Organic chemicals ................................................................. Inorganic chemicals ............................................................... Medicinal and pharmaceutical products ................................ Essential oils, polishing, and cleansing preparations ............ Fertilizers ............................................................................... Plastics in primary forms ........................................................ Plastics in nonprimary forms .................................................. Chemical materials and products, n.e.s. ................................
89.1 89.2 86.0 97.2 90.6 ... 78.7 92.6 91.9
89.2 89.5 85.1 98.3 90.5 ... 80.5 90.0 92.5
88.5 87.8 82.5 98.7 91.0 ... 79.9 90.7 92.6
88.6 86.7 82.5 99.5 91.6 ... 79.2 90.6 92.6
89.5 87.7 79.7 100.0 92.9 ... 80.1 91.3 94.7
91.9 91.8 82.8 99.6 95.3 ... 83.9 92.5 95.2
96.4 97.9 88.2 99.2 95.8 ... 95.8 94.2 95.4
101.3 107.4 90.4 98.7 95.5 ... 105.6 97.4 97.1
107.1 117.0 102.4 99.5 96.4 ... 111.8 99.0 99.2
108.4 122.8 100.9 100.4 96.4 ... 110.6 101.8 100.7
104.3 112.6 101.7 100.5 96.8 ... 99.7 102.0 101.4
102.1 105.8 102.2 99.9 97.7 ... 94.4 101.3 101.3
Manufactured Goods Classified Chiefly by Material ........ Rubber manufactures, n.e.s. ................................................. Uncoated paper, paperboard, linerboard ............................... Textile yarn, fabrics, and made-up articles, n.e.s. ................. Nonmetallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s. .............................. Iron and steel ......................................................................... Nonferrous metals ................................................................. Manufactures of metals, n.e.s. ...............................................
88.4 88.7 87.5 97.3 89.6 ... 74.3 86.1
87.6 89.3 85.6 97.8 90.8 ... 70.6 85.5
88.1 89.6 84.7 97.8 91.9 ... 72.3 86.2
87.6 89.5 84.9 97.0 91.2 93.4 68.6 86.8
89.5 89.7 85.5 97.7 92.1 95.3 76.3 87.5
90.8 89.9 87.7 97.7 92.4 96.4 80.3 87.3
92.6 90.7 92.9 97.0 92.7 97.2 85.7 87.7
96.4 90.9 101.2 97.2 93.5 99.0 96.7 89.4
99.0 95.3 108.0 99.0 94.1 101.7 100.1 91.6
100.6 95.7 115.6 102.8 94.3 104.0 98.2 92.3
100.6 97.1 114.0 102.6 94.4 104.0 98.9 92.7
99.4 98.3 109.0 103.7 95.2 104.7 93.7 93.2
Machinery and Transport Equipment ................................ Power generating machinery and equipment ........................ Machinery specialized for particular industries ...................... Metalworking machinery ........................................................ General industrial machinery, equipment, and parts, n.e.s. .. Computer equipment and office machines ............................ Telecommunications and sound recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment .................................................. Electrical machinery and equipment ...................................... Road vehicles ........................................................................
102.3 85.2 89.6 91.3 89.2 171.0
102.5 85.3 90.0 91.4 89.6 168.9
102.2 85.7 90.5 91.2 90.1 165.3
102.4 86.2 91.0 91.3 90.6 162.9
102.4 86.8 91.1 91.1 90.9 158.9
102.1 86.9 91.5 91.2 91.0 156.0
101.7 87.6 91.6 90.5 91.3 151.8
101.7 88.4 91.6 91.1 91.3 150.4
102.2 88.3 93.0 92.0 90.9 148.1
102.8 88.5 94.0 92.3 91.0 147.5
103.0 88.7 94.8 92.8 91.3 144.7
103.2 90.3 95.2 92.8 91.3 142.9
105.0 116.1 93.6
106.4 116.7 93.7
105.7 115.9 93.7
105.6 116.6 94.0
104.6 116.8 94.5
104.4 116.3 94.7
103.8 114.8 94.9
103.4 114.4 95.5
103.4 115.2 96.0
103.8 117.2 96.1
103.2 117.5 96.2
102.4 116.8 97.1
Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles ............................... Furniture and parts thereof .................................................... Articles of apparel and clothing accessories .......................... Professional, scientific, and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s. ................................................................ Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies, and optical goods, n.e.s. ........................................................... Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s. ..........................
97.5 95.9 ...
97.6 94.3 ...
97.6 94.2 ...
97.6 94.4 102.4
97.5 94.6 102.5
97.8 94.9 103.3
98.1 95.4 103.2
98.1 94.1 103.6
98.3 94.0 103.4
98.6 94.7 102.5
98.6 94.8 104.4
98.8 95.1 102.6
n.e.s. = not elsewhere specified. . . . = Not available.
90.8
91.3
92.0
91.9
92.4
92.6
93.3
93.4
93.9
94.3
94.4
94.5
98.8 102.8
101.0 102.5
101.2 101.7
101.4 101.5
101.8 100.6
102.0 100.9
103.4 100.6
102.8 100.7
103.3 100.9
103.5 101.0
102.3 100.9
102.1 101.9
392
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 7-11. U.S. Export Price Indexes for Selected Categories of Goods, by Standard International Trade Classification, 1990–2004—Continued (2000 = 100.) 1996 Categories March
June
1997
Septem- December ber
March
June
1998
Septem- December ber
March
June
Septem- December ber
ALL COMMODITIES .............................................................
104.6
105.4
103.9
103.2
103.6
103.2
102.9
102.0
100.7
99.9
98.5
98.5
Food and Live Animals ....................................................... Meat and meat preparations .................................................. Fish, crustaceans, aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof ................................................................................ Cereals and cereal preparations ............................................ Vegetables and fruit and nuts, fresh or dried ......................... Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals) ..... Miscellaneous edible products and preparations ...................
131.8 94.0
140.4 97.4
123.4 94.4
117.3 93.7
119.0 92.4
113.3 91.3
114.4 91.3
111.3 90.7
106.4 88.3
104.6 93.7
99.8 92.3
103.0 86.2
91.2 183.0 114.9 129.5 96.0
92.8 203.3 117.8 130.7 96.6
96.9 152.6 119.0 135.5 96.2
100.5 140.4 112.6 128.0 97.1
92.5 146.4 112.8 133.7 96.7
88.5 128.9 113.3 135.7 96.9
102.9 132.7 108.8 128.9 98.3
96.6 131.9 102.6 121.1 98.2
86.0 126.3 102.3 107.8 98.1
83.8 115.4 109.8 101.3 98.3
99.5 98.0 110.6 94.4 99.5
99.3 110.2 111.1 98.4 100.0
Beverages and Tobacco ..................................................... Tobacco and tobacco manufactures ......................................
98.7 98.5
98.8 98.6
98.8 98.6
98.7 98.5
98.4 98.1
99.1 98.9
99.3 99.1
98.8 98.4
98.4 98.2
98.2 97.8
98.0 97.5
99.0 98.4
Crude Materials, Inedible, Except Fuels ............................ Oil seeds and oleaginous fruits .............................................. Cork and wood ....................................................................... Textile fibers and their waste ................................................. Metalliferous ores and metal scrap ........................................
109.6 143.0 113.0 133.4 114.8
108.7 152.0 109.0 131.6 113.4
109.3 157.6 110.9 125.1 108.6
106.8 137.5 112.3 120.5 108.7
112.2 159.3 110.5 122.9 113.8
112.4 161.1 107.3 120.3 116.4
110.3 143.8 104.7 121.2 119.8
105.6 139.4 98.6 115.5 106.5
101.4 129.7 96.8 112.5 101.2
98.7 122.8 94.5 114.4 97.2
93.8 109.8 94.7 110.2 88.4
91.8 114.4 93.7 101.9 86.1
Mineral Fuels, Lubricants, and Related Materials ............ Petroleum, petroleum products, and related materials ..........
71.8 64.1
73.3 65.4
75.6 69.6
78.4 73.9
74.8 68.7
74.5 68.7
75.1 70.1
75.8 68.5
71.3 63.6
69.3 61.4
62.8 52.3
63.0 53.0
Chemicals and Related Products, n.e.s. ............................ Organic chemicals ................................................................. Inorganic chemicals ............................................................... Medicinal and pharmaceutical products ................................ Essential oils, polishing, and cleansing preparations ............ Fertilizers ............................................................................... Plastics in primary forms ........................................................ Plastics in nonprimary forms .................................................. Chemical materials and products, n.e.s. ................................
102.5 103.9 105.6 101.9 96.8 ... 96.4 101.5 101.5
102.6 100.9 106.1 101.6 97.6 ... 100.7 100.8 102.6
101.8 97.6 103.3 101.7 98.5 ... 101.3 98.9 103.5
101.5 97.6 103.5 101.7 98.3 133.3 99.0 98.3 103.8
102.3 99.0 100.9 100.8 99.0 128.2 103.1 99.6 104.2
102.0 97.6 101.1 101.4 99.7 128.1 102.4 100.0 104.6
100.9 96.2 100.3 101.0 100.4 126.6 98.8 99.8 104.2
100.3 96.0 100.9 100.7 98.7 125.6 98.2 99.6 102.6
99.0 91.2 103.7 102.2 98.4 122.7 96.7 100.6 101.2
97.9 88.7 105.2 101.4 98.2 128.0 93.7 98.7 101.2
97.0 86.4 104.9 101.5 99.4 130.5 92.4 98.1 100.6
96.2 85.3 105.1 100.4 98.5 127.8 90.2 96.3 101.8
Manufactured Goods Classified Chiefly by Material ........ Rubber manufactures, n.e.s. ................................................. Uncoated paper, paperboard, linerboard ............................... Textile yarn, fabrics, and made-up articles, n.e.s. ................. Nonmetallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s. .............................. Iron and steel ......................................................................... Nonferrous metals ................................................................. Manufactures of metals, n.e.s. ...............................................
98.5 98.0 103.6 104.8 96.1 104.7 91.6 94.4
97.7 98.6 97.7 105.5 95.4 106.0 91.9 93.6
97.0 98.5 97.9 104.8 96.3 104.8 87.3 93.6
96.8 98.7 95.0 104.1 97.9 104.9 86.9 93.7
97.4 98.5 93.0 103.4 98.0 106.7 90.3 95.1
98.1 99.0 93.4 105.0 98.3 106.0 92.0 96.3
98.5 97.7 95.1 105.0 100.0 106.2 91.8 96.2
98.4 97.9 95.2 104.8 100.9 106.3 89.6 96.3
98.2 97.9 94.7 105.3 100.8 103.9 89.8 96.8
97.7 97.7 93.7 104.9 100.6 103.7 86.7 98.6
96.7 98.2 91.0 103.0 100.7 102.9 84.1 98.4
96.3 101.6 91.0 102.7 101.1 100.0 82.6 98.1
Machinery and Transport Equipment ................................ Power generating machinery and equipment ........................ Machinery specialized for particular industries ...................... Metalworking machinery ........................................................ General industrial machinery, equipment, and parts, n.e.s. .. Computer equipment and office machines ............................ Telecommunications and sound recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment .................................................. Electrical machinery and equipment ...................................... Road vehicles ........................................................................
103.3 91.9 95.9 93.7 94.0 139.7
103.6 92.9 96.5 94.4 94.8 137.2
103.3 92.8 97.0 94.6 95.0 132.3
103.2 93.1 96.8 94.5 95.4 128.7
103.3 94.0 97.6 96.7 96.3 126.9
103.3 94.4 98.0 96.3 97.3 123.9
102.9 94.5 98.3 96.4 97.3 122.5
102.5 94.6 98.7 97.5 97.5 119.5
102.0 95.1 98.8 99.5 97.9 116.9
101.4 95.3 99.0 100.0 98.1 112.0
100.9 95.2 99.2 100.1 98.4 109.4
100.9 96.6 98.9 100.5 98.5 108.9
104.6 116.2 97.1
104.6 115.3 97.2
103.7 113.9 97.2
104.2 113.5 97.6
103.4 112.5 98.0
103.0 112.3 98.0
102.6 110.7 97.9
102.1 109.9 98.2
102.0 108.3 98.0
102.1 107.2 98.1
101.6 106.1 98.2
100.9 105.4 98.3
Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles ............................... Furniture and parts thereof .................................................... Articles of apparel and clothing accessories .......................... Professional, scientific, and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s. ................................................................ Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies, and optical goods, n.e.s. ........................................................... Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s. ..........................
99.4 96.7 103.0
99.4 96.0 103.8
99.5 96.4 104.2
99.9 96.4 104.4
100.2 97.0 105.0
100.3 97.9 104.9
100.4 97.9 107.1
100.4 98.1 107.2
100.0 98.7 107.4
99.4 98.4 107.4
99.2 98.5 106.2
99.2 98.5 104.4
n.e.s. = not elsewhere specified. . . . = Not available.
95.4
95.8
96.1
96.7
97.8
97.5
97.4
97.6
97.7
97.8
97.8
98.1
102.2 102.0
101.4 101.9
101.7 101.7
102.2 101.9
101.4 101.4
102.0 101.8
101.6 101.6
101.0 101.5
98.4 100.6
96.5 99.3
95.2 99.5
97.3 99.3
393
PRICES
Table 7-11. U.S. Export Price Indexes for Selected Categories of Goods, by Standard International Trade Classification, 1990–2004—Continued (2000 = 100.) 1999 Categories March
June
2000
Septem- December ber
March
June
2001
Septem- December ber
March
June
Septem- December ber
ALL COMMODITIES .............................................................
97.9
98.2
98.5
99.0
100.0
100.1
100.4
100.1
100.0
99.4
99.0
97.6
Food and Live Animals ....................................................... Meat and meat preparations .................................................. Fish, crustaceans, aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof ................................................................................ Cereals and cereal preparations ............................................ Vegetables and fruit and nuts, fresh or dried ......................... Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals) ..... Miscellaneous edible products and preparations ...................
101.1 86.2
102.6 87.6
99.6 93.4
98.5 96.7
99.9 95.3
100.6 104.8
98.8 100.8
102.1 101.5
102.5 102.6
101.1 106.1
103.3 107.8
101.2 97.8
109.8 105.9 105.8 96.8 100.0
123.0 106.0 109.9 92.5 100.1
100.8 101.5 105.1 93.6 100.6
102.6 95.7 101.7 97.4 100.7
98.9 103.9 98.8 98.2 99.8
100.6 100.0 97.9 100.4 100.0
100.1 94.7 102.5 99.2 100.0
98.4 105.8 99.1 104.6 100.2
99.0 107.9 97.9 100.7 100.1
90.8 102.6 98.6 101.1 100.1
90.4 106.4 100.8 103.6 100.1
88.6 107.2 100.6 102.4 100.1
Beverages and Tobacco ..................................................... Tobacco and tobacco manufactures ......................................
99.5 99.3
99.4 99.2
99.8 99.7
100.1 100.1
100.2 100.1
100.0 99.9
99.9 99.9
99.8 99.9
98.9 98.9
98.4 98.2
98.4 98.2
98.3 98.1
Crude Materials, Inedible, Except Fuels ............................ Oil seeds and oleaginous fruits .............................................. Cork and wood ....................................................................... Textile fibers and their waste ................................................. Metalliferous ores and metal scrap ........................................
89.1 93.7 93.8 100.7 88.6
90.2 94.8 94.4 99.1 89.7
93.5 101.7 95.4 92.9 93.3
94.9 95.2 97.9 90.2 99.5
100.2 102.9 100.4 99.1 102.6
101.6 103.3 99.8 100.5 99.2
100.7 100.3 100.1 104.3 99.9
99.4 101.8 98.9 105.7 94.8
96.0 94.5 96.1 97.6 92.0
92.6 95.6 92.8 90.9 91.0
89.5 99.0 90.2 87.7 85.1
87.1 90.9 88.0 84.0 81.9
Mineral Fuels, Lubricants, and Related Materials ............ Petroleum, petroleum products, and related materials ..........
62.5 52.3
68.5 61.9
77.5 74.0
85.0 80.6
102.2 103.1
97.4 96.8
111.7 117.0
105.8 105.6
102.4 99.2
103.2 101.8
103.3 103.6
82.4 74.6
Chemicals and Related Products, n.e.s. ............................ Organic chemicals ................................................................. Inorganic chemicals ............................................................... Medicinal and pharmaceutical products ................................ Essential oils, polishing, and cleansing preparations ............ Fertilizers ............................................................................... Plastics in primary forms ........................................................ Plastics in nonprimary forms .................................................. Chemical materials and products, n.e.s. ................................
95.7 84.7 104.7 100.3 98.3 125.2 89.0 97.3 101.1
96.4 86.4 102.7 100.4 98.7 119.4 93.2 98.1 100.3
97.6 90.6 100.4 99.6 98.9 113.2 97.2 98.4 99.9
98.9 96.3 99.7 100.1 100.1 97.8 100.2 98.9 99.7
99.7 98.8 99.6 100.0 99.8 96.5 100.8 101.0 100.3
100.9 102.1 101.2 99.5 99.6 96.1 103.4 100.2 99.7
99.8 99.9 99.8 100.0 100.1 105.3 97.8 100.2 99.8
98.3 96.0 101.4 100.0 100.0 102.0 94.9 99.2 100.5
98.7 95.9 104.1 99.2 100.2 105.3 97.8 97.6 99.1
96.2 90.6 103.3 99.5 99.7 94.9 93.9 97.4 99.1
93.8 84.9 103.2 101.1 99.1 91.8 88.6 97.2 99.0
92.8 83.9 102.8 100.9 98.8 94.0 86.5 95.8 97.6
Manufactured Goods Classified Chiefly by Material ........ Rubber manufactures, n.e.s. ................................................. Uncoated paper, paperboard, linerboard ............................... Textile yarn, fabrics, and made-up articles, n.e.s. ................. Nonmetallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s. .............................. Iron and steel ......................................................................... Nonferrous metals ................................................................. Manufactures of metals, n.e.s. ...............................................
96.3 102.4 90.5 101.3 100.3 98.7 82.7 99.8
96.7 101.2 93.3 100.8 100.2 97.5 83.7 100.2
97.3 102.5 96.6 100.3 99.9 97.6 86.6 99.0
98.1 104.0 97.6 100.3 99.7 97.7 90.9 98.8
99.6 99.4 98.9 100.0 100.1 99.9 100.3 98.6
100.2 100.1 100.5 100.2 100.4 101.2 98.5 100.9
100.9 100.4 100.7 100.1 100.0 100.0 103.4 101.5
100.3 99.5 99.7 98.4 99.5 99.5 103.3 101.1
100.2 100.4 98.4 98.8 99.8 96.8 104.9 100.9
99.5 99.8 97.4 98.5 100.8 97.8 98.0 101.5
98.2 101.0 95.6 98.8 101.1 98.3 90.2 101.8
96.7 100.9 95.1 97.5 102.1 95.7 83.1 101.7
Machinery and Transport Equipment ................................ Power generating machinery and equipment ........................ Machinery specialized for particular industries ...................... Metalworking machinery ........................................................ General industrial machinery, equipment, and parts, n.e.s. .. Computer equipment and office machines ............................ Telecommunications and sound recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment .................................................. Electrical machinery and equipment ...................................... Road vehicles ........................................................................
100.6 97.4 99.4 100.6 99.1 106.9
100.3 97.6 99.8 100.4 99.2 104.8
99.9 98.0 99.5 100.4 99.5 102.8
99.9 98.8 98.4 100.1 99.8 102.7
99.9 99.5 99.8 100.1 99.9 100.5
100.0 99.7 100.2 99.3 100.1 99.9
100.1 100.0 100.0 100.1 100.0 99.3
100.1 101.2 100.3 99.8 100.3 99.0
100.6 102.0 100.5 101.1 101.0 97.8
100.3 102.3 100.3 101.0 101.3 95.9
100.0 103.0 99.5 101.2 101.9 94.8
99.6 103.9 100.5 100.7 101.7 92.9
100.9 104.0 98.4
100.2 103.1 98.6
100.2 102.0 98.6
100.0 100.9 99.3
99.9 100.5 100.1
100.3 99.8 100.0
100.1 99.9 100.2
99.6 99.3 100.1
99.8 99.2 100.2
99.8 98.3 100.2
98.5 97.6 100.2
97.7 95.9 100.3
99.6 98.5 104.7
99.6 99.0 103.8
99.8 99.7 103.9
99.9 99.5 103.7
99.6 99.4 100.1
99.7 100.1 99.8
100.2 99.8 99.0
100.2 101.1 99.5
100.0 101.0 96.9
100.1 101.0 96.6
100.4 101.8 98.1
100.4 101.6 98.2
99.0
99.2
99.4
99.3
99.6
99.7
100.4
100.4
100.8
100.9
100.9
100.9
97.9 99.2
97.2 99.5
98.6 99.4
100.3 99.5
97.9 99.7
98.0 99.9
101.6 100.0
101.3 99.9
99.1 100.3
98.2 100.5
98.7 100.6
97.6 101.0
Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles ............................... Furniture and parts thereof .................................................... Articles of apparel and clothing accessories .......................... Professional, scientific, and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s. ................................................................ Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies, and optical goods, n.e.s. ........................................................... Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s. ..........................
n.e.s. = not elsewhere specified.
394
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 7-11. U.S. Export Price Indexes for Selected Categories of Goods, by Standard International Trade Classification, 1990–2004—Continued (2000 = 100.) 2002 Categories March
June
2003
September
December
March
June
2004
September
December
March
June
September
December
ALL COMMODITIES .............................................................
97.6
98.0
98.8
98.6
99.7
99.5
99.8
100.8
103.0
103.4
103.8
104.8
Food and Live Animals ....................................................... Meat and meat preparations .................................................. Fish, crustaceans, aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof ................................................................................ Cereals and cereal preparations ............................................ Vegetables and fruit and nuts, fresh or dried ......................... Feeding stuff for animals (not including unmilled cereals) ..... Miscellaneous edible products and preparations ...................
100.3 93.2
99.8 90.0
107.7 89.8
105.8 90.3
105.9 96.4
107.5 102.9
112.1 117.2
116.5 123.0
122.7 127.1
123.9 127.3
117.6 124.8
118.1 124.6
94.3 105.4 102.5 99.6 100.7
97.9 106.5 99.0 101.2 100.7
98.6 133.4 98.9 106.8 100.7
101.7 126.3 98.3 103.5 100.5
108.2 122.2 95.1 105.5 101.0
108.2 118.5 99.6 108.8 101.5
103.3 124.2 101.4 112.7 101.0
103.1 130.8 103.2 123.2 100.3
107.2 139.6 110.1 133.6 102.0
108.6 141.2 111.1 131.9 101.6
108.8 122.0 119.8 109.8 102.1
110.3 116.4 129.9 107.5 102.6
Beverages and Tobacco ..................................................... Tobacco and tobacco manufactures ......................................
97.4 96.8
98.2 97.6
98.8 98.0
98.7 97.8
97.4 95.9
98.2 96.6
97.8 96.2
100.6 99.7
102.1 100.5
101.6 100.0
101.7 100.3
101.5 100.6
Crude Materials, Inedible, Except Fuels ............................ Oil seeds and oleaginous fruits .............................................. Cork and wood ....................................................................... Textile fibers and their waste ................................................. Metalliferous ores and metal scrap ........................................
87.7 92.0 87.2 86.2 87.3
95.3 102.9 87.1 88.6 99.8
97.3 114.1 90.0 93.1 93.9
98.5 116.2 90.3 98.3 96.3
102.3 116.6 91.2 105.0 105.8
103.9 122.7 90.4 103.2 109.0
106.2 121.1 91.6 109.6 119.9
116.9 152.5 93.7 121.2 136.6
129.0 181.6 96.5 121.9 171.4
125.7 168.5 98.3 108.7 167.5
119.4 125.1 99.1 102.1 178.5
119.4 111.1 98.8 96.4 195.0
Mineral Fuels, Lubricants, and Related Materials ............ Petroleum, petroleum products, and related materials ..........
89.8 83.6
93.9 87.9
102.8 98.0
99.5 92.2
130.1 130.2
107.6 102.7
108.7 104.2
110.7 106.2
123.0 120.1
131.8 129.7
141.2 138.0
146.5 144.6
Chemicals and Related Products, n.e.s. ............................ Organic chemicals ................................................................. Inorganic chemicals ............................................................... Medicinal and pharmaceutical products ................................ Essential oils, polishing, and cleansing preparations ............ Fertilizers ............................................................................... Plastics in primary forms ........................................................ Plastics in nonprimary forms .................................................. Chemical materials and products, n.e.s. ................................
93.2 84.9 101.6 100.5 97.6 98.1 87.6 95.8 98.0
95.3 90.8 102.1 100.4 97.3 95.5 92.5 96.0 97.5
96.8 95.3 101.0 101.4 97.4 100.9 92.9 96.9 98.3
96.6 94.9 96.9 101.2 97.3 104.3 92.9 95.9 98.8
100.6 103.4 98.1 104.1 96.2 108.2 99.5 97.2 100.7
100.8 103.1 98.6 104.8 97.3 117.2 96.6 98.8 101.6
100.3 100.4 99.1 105.4 98.2 122.8 95.4 98.2 101.9
101.4 103.3 99.1 105.8 100.1 123.1 96.5 97.2 102.6
104.9 110.8 99.5 105.5 104.3 138.1 102.1 97.4 104.8
105.8 114.6 98.7 105.8 104.3 137.4 103.2 96.5 104.9
109.7 120.5 107.6 108.0 105.6 143.9 109.9 97.4 105.5
114.0 128.4 113.7 107.2 109.1 148.3 118.9 99.9 105.8
Manufactured Goods Classified Chiefly by Material ........ Rubber manufactures, n.e.s. ................................................. Uncoated paper, paperboard, linerboard ............................... Textile yarn, fabrics, and made-up articles, n.e.s. ................. Nonmetallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s. .............................. Iron and steel ......................................................................... Nonferrous metals ................................................................. Manufactures of metals, n.e.s. ...............................................
96.7 100.8 92.5 97.8 102.1 96.6 85.1 101.9
98.1 102.7 94.8 100.0 102.2 101.0 85.3 102.5
99.1 105.6 96.3 100.6 102.2 103.6 84.4 103.4
99.0 105.6 96.8 101.1 101.3 104.3 83.5 103.3
99.4 108.4 96.7 102.0 100.2 104.5 84.3 103.5
100.0 110.1 98.3 102.7 100.4 106.8 80.3 104.8
100.2 109.2 98.3 102.1 99.5 106.1 81.6 104.4
100.8 109.9 97.6 102.5 99.8 109.6 84.5 104.4
104.1 110.4 97.9 104.1 99.7 124.9 94.1 105.5
107.0 111.2 99.2 105.4 99.9 145.4 95.4 108.4
110.5 111.4 102.7 105.7 100.4 166.8 99.0 111.6
112.2 112.9 104.2 107.2 101.6 170.6 101.5 113.5
Machinery and Transport Equipment ................................ Power generating machinery and equipment ........................ Machinery specialized for particular industries ...................... Metalworking machinery ........................................................ General industrial machinery, equipment, and parts, n.e.s. .. Computer equipment and office machines ............................ Telecommunications and sound recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment .................................................. Electrical machinery and equipment ...................................... Road vehicles ........................................................................
99.5 104.6 101.1 100.0 102.2 93.1
98.9 104.5 101.8 99.9 102.3 90.4
98.7 104.4 101.8 100.2 102.3 89.4
98.5 105.1 101.7 100.5 101.6 88.6
98.5 106.9 102.2 101.7 102.1 88.6
97.8 107.2 102.6 101.0 102.4 88.1
97.9 107.5 103.1 100.8 102.6 87.8
97.8 108.7 103.4 100.7 102.8 88.6
98.2 109.4 104.2 100.9 104.0 88.4
98.2 108.7 105.4 100.0 104.9 87.2
98.2 109.0 106.1 101.0 105.3 86.0
98.5 110.4 108.0 101.9 106.6 83.8
97.5 94.7 100.3
97.7 93.9 100.3
96.4 93.5 100.6
95.8 92.9 101.0
95.0 92.2 100.9
93.8 89.7 101.1
93.3 89.4 101.4
92.0 88.1 101.5
92.4 88.6 101.9
91.8 88.2 102.4
90.7 88.1 102.4
90.4 87.9 103.0
100.5 101.7 98.3
100.4 101.6 98.8
100.4 101.5 97.8
100.6 101.4 97.2
100.5 101.1 97.5
101.2 101.4 97.0
100.7 102.6 96.8
101.1 102.5 97.1
100.9 102.4 96.8
100.9 102.3 96.9
101.2 102.8 96.9
102.3 104.4 97.1
101.2
101.3
101.4
101.7
101.5
102.2
102.2
102.3
102.3
102.0
101.8
102.6
96.6 100.9
97.5 100.4
97.3 100.5
97.4 101.1
97.1 100.9
98.9 101.6
94.4 101.2
95.6 101.6
95.0 101.4
94.5 101.6
95.7 102.3
97.0 104.0
Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles ............................... Furniture and parts thereof .................................................... Articles of apparel and clothing accessories .......................... Professional, scientific, and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s. ................................................................ Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies, and optical goods, n.e.s. ........................................................... Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s. ..........................
n.e.s. = not elsewhere specified.
395
PRICES
Table 7-12. U.S. Import Price Indexes for Selected Categories of Goods, by Standard International Trade Classification, 1990–2004 (2000 = 100.)
Categories
Relative importance 1
1990 March
June
1991
Septem- December ber
March
June
1992
Septem- December ber
March
June
Septem- December ber
ALL COMMODITIES .............................................................
100.00
92.4
90.8
96.5
98.4
95.0
93.4
93.3
94.3
93.9
94.8
95.9
94.4
Food and Live Animals ....................................................... Meat and meat preparations .................................................. Fish, crustaceans, aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof ................................................................................ Vegetables and fruit and nuts, fresh or dried ......................... Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof ..........
3.76 0.41
91.9 113.1
92.1 118.4
93.9 121.7
95.7 120.5
95.7 120.9
95.6 125.0
94.6 119.5
95.6 115.9
97.4 114.8
91.4 112.3
92.1 111.5
93.2 109.5
0.89 0.98 0.53
70.7 90.7 103.7
70.9 87.0 105.4
74.5 83.1 110.6
77.1 90.6 104.5
79.7 88.3 104.7
78.9 91.4 98.8
78.2 91.9 98.2
78.3 95.6 98.5
79.1 107.7 90.0
79.1 89.9 82.0
80.3 89.6 81.6
78.3 91.7 96.1
Beverages and Tobacco ..................................................... Beverages ..............................................................................
0.93 0.84
74.7 77.3
76.5 78.9
77.6 80.0
79.6 81.5
84.2 86.6
85.4 87.6
85.3 87.2
86.3 88.2
87.1 89.0
87.5 89.4
88.3 90.5
87.2 89.1
Crude Materials, Inedible, Except Fuels ............................ Cork and wood ....................................................................... Woodpulp and recovered paper ............................................ Metalliferous ores and metal scrap ........................................ Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s. .......................
1.98 0.75 0.24 0.39 0.22
91.3 66.0 118.9 97.5 ...
90.4 66.7 116.6 93.2 ...
88.0 66.2 112.5 90.2 ...
85.0 61.6 105.6 89.1 ...
84.4 62.9 97.1 89.1 ...
85.0 70.1 89.8 86.6 ...
81.8 66.6 80.7 86.8 ...
81.5 68.0 78.6 86.2 ...
84.6 75.3 81.2 86.0 ...
85.0 76.1 84.4 84.3 ...
86.3 77.1 88.2 85.4 ...
85.9 79.1 83.9 83.7 ...
Mineral Fuels, Lubricants, and Related Materials ............ Petroleum, petroleum products, and related materials .......... Gas, natural and manufactured .............................................
17.70 15.79 1.91
64.3 64.6 63.7
54.7 54.8 54.9
87.3 89.8 57.7
93.0 95.1 69.2
65.8 66.3 61.5
62.3 63.0 54.1
63.6 64.5 53.4
63.3 63.9 57.8
56.8 57.4 49.7
64.9 66.0 51.4
65.3 66.2 55.4
60.0 60.2 58.1
Chemicals and Related Products, n.e.s. ............................ Organic chemicals ................................................................. Inorganic chemicals ............................................................... Dyeing, tanning, and coloring materials ................................. Medicinal and pharmaceutical products ................................ Essential oils, polishing, and cleansing preps ....................... Plastics in primary forms ........................................................ Plastics in nonprimary forms .................................................. Chemical materials and products, n.e.s. ................................
8.48 2.82 0.67 0.19 2.57 0.42 0.68 0.38 0.54
94.3 98.7 95.4 ... 80.5 90.5 ... ... 97.2
93.7 98.1 95.8 ... 80.6 91.6 ... ... 92.9
94.9 100.0 97.0 ... 81.5 92.1 ... ... 91.6
97.6 104.7 100.7 ... 83.6 94.6 ... ... 90.2
97.4 101.8 101.5 ... 83.2 93.4 ... ... 89.6
95.8 98.6 100.2 ... 81.7 93.2 ... ... 88.1
95.4 96.1 98.1 ... 83.2 96.0 ... ... 88.3
95.6 97.1 94.9 ... 86.4 95.2 ... ... 90.1
96.2 97.0 95.5 ... 87.3 97.5 ... ... 94.0
96.8 96.8 94.1 ... 87.6 98.6 ... ... 97.1
97.5 96.5 93.7 ... 90.1 98.8 ... ... 101.0
97.1 94.4 99.0 ... 89.8 98.8 96.8 109.9 100.1
Manufactured Goods Classified Chiefly by Material ........ Rubber manufactures, n.e.s. ................................................. Cork and wood manufactures other than furniture ................ Paper and paperboard, cut to size ......................................... Textile yarn, fabrics, made-up articles, and related products, n.e.s. .................................................................. Nonmetallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s. .............................. Iron and steel ......................................................................... Nonferrous metals ................................................................. Manufactures of metals, n.e.s. ...............................................
11.82 0.67 0.87 1.20
90.5 102.9 84.7 86.5
91.3 103.3 86.4 89.3
93.2 103.3 87.8 89.8
92.3 104.6 85.3 90.2
92.7 104.3 84.1 92.2
91.1 104.1 84.8 89.9
90.3 103.7 85.9 88.2
90.6 104.8 86.3 87.8
91.0 105.7 90.0 85.1
91.3 105.6 93.0 83.7
92.0 107.0 95.1 84.3
90.4 106.8 92.4 84.3
1.36 2.11 1.58 1.85 2.10
90.6 87.7 100.4 80.9 94.6
91.4 88.9 98.2 84.2 93.9
93.4 89.4 97.1 92.6 95.2
94.8 90.3 98.4 83.6 96.0
96.3 91.9 98.1 82.1 96.8
95.4 92.1 97.8 75.9 96.1
96.8 92.2 96.9 72.9 95.5
98.4 93.0 97.2 70.8 96.9
98.9 93.3 96.6 73.7 97.6
98.1 94.0 96.1 75.6 97.8
100.9 94.9 94.8 75.6 99.6
99.3 94.6 94.8 70.0 97.9
Machinery and Transport Equipment ................................ Power generating machinery and equipment ........................ Machinery specialized for particular industries ...................... Metalworking machinery ........................................................ General industrial machinery, equipment, and machine parts, n.e.s. ........................................................................ Computer equipment and office machines ............................ Telecommunications and sound recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment .................................................. Electrical machinery and equipment ...................................... Road vehicles ........................................................................
38.70 2.51 1.68 0.43
101.6 ... 86.3 86.9
100.8 ... 87.1 87.8
101.8 ... 90.4 89.2
104.2 ... 94.1 92.1
105.4 ... 95.6 92.8
103.7 ... 91.0 89.6
103.8 ... 90.7 89.6
105.4 ... 93.4 92.1
105.6 ... 94.2 92.3
105.6 ... 94.3 92.5
106.9 ... 99.0 94.8
106.1 ... 95.4 93.7
3.08 5.31
86.5 200.8
87.6 198.5
90.9 196.8
93.6 199.2
94.5 197.3
91.0 193.4
91.1 191.2
93.7 191.7
94.0 192.2
94.0 190.2
96.8 190.9
95.0 189.0
4.97 6.12 13.27
122.5 113.1 83.2
120.9 111.3 82.0
119.3 112.7 82.9
120.1 114.0 85.4
118.7 115.5 87.1
118.0 113.4 86.3
117.3 112.8 86.8
117.8 114.5 88.1
117.4 114.3 88.2
117.3 115.1 88.0
117.3 116.3 88.6
117.6 114.6 88.8
Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles ............................... Prefabricated buildings; plumbing and heat and lighting fixtures, n.e.s. .................................................................... Furniture and parts thereof .................................................... Travel goods, handbags, and similar containers ................... Articles of apparel and clothing accessories .......................... Footwear ................................................................................ Professional, scientific, and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s. ................................................................ Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies, and optical goods, n.e.s. ........................................................... Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s. ..........................
16.20
94.5
94.7
96.2
97.5
97.7
96.3
96.5
98.0
99.1
99.3
101.0
99.9
0.46 1.94 0.38 5.10 1.17
102.7 95.1 89.7 95.7 95.2
102.0 96.0 89.8 96.5 96.5
104.2 97.2 88.8 96.4 98.2
105.6 99.1 90.6 95.5 100.0
101.9 99.6 90.7 95.5 100.2
101.6 98.0 91.1 94.8 98.4
101.4 98.4 91.0 95.4 98.1
102.8 99.0 91.8 95.9 98.8
103.8 99.8 92.9 96.9 99.4
105.2 100.1 96.2 97.7 100.0
106.8 102.6 96.6 97.5 101.5
105.5 100.7 94.5 97.9 98.7
1.80
87.7
89.1
92.0
96.9
98.0
93.4
93.0
95.6
95.7
95.4
101.2
98.4
0.87 4.48
93.7 95.6
94.0 94.3
97.0 96.6
98.8 98.6
99.1 98.5
96.0 98.0
96.3 98.3
98.6 100.8
99.3 102.6
98.6 102.0
102.1 104.1
100.5 103.1
n.e.s. = not elsewhere specified. 1Percent of total, relative importance in December 1999, based on 1995 trade values. . . . = Not available.
396
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 7-12. U.S. Import Price Indexes for Selected Categories of Goods, by Standard International Trade Classification, 1990–2004—Continued (2000 = 100.) 1993 Categories March
June
1994
Septem- December ber
March
June
1995
Septem- December ber
March
June
Septem- December ber
ALL COMMODITIES .............................................................
94.7
95.0
94.5
93.5
94.0
96.3
97.2
98.4
99.9
101.4
100.8
101.0
Food and Live Animals ....................................................... Meat and meat preparations .................................................. Fish, crustaceans, aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof ................................................................................ Vegetables and fruit and nuts, fresh or dried ......................... Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof ..........
91.2 113.4
94.4 117.6
95.6 115.9
95.3 111.3
96.3 114.3
101.8 107.8
110.9 108.8
110.8 108.5
112.6 104.9
108.6 100.8
106.7 97.3
104.7 99.6
78.9 85.4 89.8
79.1 96.6 86.1
79.9 93.6 104.2
83.6 89.3 107.8
85.5 88.0 109.3
88.9 90.1 145.4
90.6 88.0 214.4
93.8 99.0 182.7
93.6 100.5 194.8
92.5 97.6 176.3
89.2 101.0 165.7
86.5 106.4 141.9
Beverages and Tobacco ..................................................... Beverages ..............................................................................
86.8 89.1
86.8 89.6
86.2 89.0
86.9 89.3
86.6 89.2
87.3 89.6
87.5 90.1
87.5 90.2
88.2 91.0
88.6 91.2
89.4 91.7
90.6 92.0
Crude Materials, Inedible, Except Fuels ............................ Cork and wood ....................................................................... Woodpulp and recovered paper ............................................ Metalliferous ores and metal scrap ........................................ Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s. .......................
92.2 105.9 74.3 82.8 ...
84.5 84.9 72.2 81.7 ...
85.9 92.4 68.5 80.6 ...
90.7 110.9 66.2 77.0 ...
93.4 108.7 69.8 83.5 ...
94.7 104.1 79.5 82.9 ...
96.2 101.3 90.8 85.4 ...
101.6 97.4 102.9 90.0 ...
107.6 93.4 118.8 98.6 ...
109.5 85.3 131.6 98.4 ...
113.6 94.7 134.8 101.5 ...
111.0 88.5 138.4 100.2 ...
Mineral Fuels, Lubricants, and Related Materials ............ Petroleum, petroleum products, and related materials .......... Gas, natural and manufactured .............................................
61.5 62.1 54.9
59.8 60.3 55.4
55.0 55.0 56.3
47.7 47.0 57.7
48.2 47.7 55.6
57.1 57.6 51.4
55.0 55.2 53.6
56.4 56.7 54.2
59.2 60.1 48.8
61.9 63.0 49.3
57.6 58.5 47.1
59.2 60.2 49.1
Chemicals And Related Products, n.e.s. ........................... Organic chemicals ................................................................. Inorganic chemicals ............................................................... Dyeing, tanning, and coloring materials ................................. Medicinal and pharmaceutical products ................................ Essential oils, polishing, and cleansing preps ....................... Plastics in primary forms ........................................................ Plastics in nonprimary forms .................................................. Chemical materials and products, n.e.s. ................................
97.1 94.0 99.1 104.8 91.0 100.9 97.7 109.0 98.7
97.8 94.6 97.9 106.7 95.9 102.2 95.8 109.3 98.0
97.1 94.3 97.7 105.6 94.4 100.2 96.5 108.5 96.1
96.4 92.8 97.5 105.5 95.1 101.4 96.5 107.1 94.5
96.3 92.6 96.9 106.7 95.8 99.6 97.6 104.7 95.4
97.6 95.2 97.9 107.2 95.9 99.9 97.9 108.0 94.5
100.5 100.0 99.9 108.2 97.6 101.9 98.4 112.9 97.8
103.5 104.5 104.6 108.7 98.3 104.6 99.6 117.7 96.4
105.4 102.5 110.0 112.3 99.2 107.7 103.4 126.9 96.5
106.8 100.6 111.1 114.7 104.4 113.8 106.1 129.6 98.7
106.6 101.0 110.9 114.7 104.1 114.7 105.1 124.5 101.6
106.4 100.3 110.2 115.9 105.6 115.5 107.9 117.4 104.2
Manufactured Goods Classified Chiefly by Material ........ Rubber manufactures, n.e.s. ................................................. Cork and wood manufactures other than furniture ................ Paper and paperboard, cut to size ......................................... Textile yarn, fabrics, made-up articles, and related products, n.e.s. .................................................................. Nonmetallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s. .............................. Iron and steel ......................................................................... Nonferrous metals ................................................................. Manufactures of metals, n.e.s. ...............................................
90.8 107.6 100.5 85.6
91.2 107.5 103.8 86.0
90.7 106.8 104.8 84.9
89.8 106.9 103.9 83.8
91.2 105.2 106.1 83.6
92.8 106.0 108.8 85.1
94.6 105.0 101.7 88.4
97.7 105.9 99.4 93.6
100.2 106.4 101.4 101.8
102.7 108.7 102.7 111.3
105.0 110.0 100.1 120.5
104.3 110.4 100.9 121.6
99.4 95.1 95.1 68.3 98.1
100.0 96.2 96.7 65.4 99.2
98.9 96.0 96.6 64.8 99.0
98.2 96.2 96.4 61.7 98.7
98.8 96.1 97.3 68.5 98.6
100.8 96.7 97.6 72.7 99.3
101.8 97.8 99.7 77.6 100.7
102.0 98.4 101.6 88.0 101.0
103.2 98.7 104.0 90.3 102.9
106.3 99.2 106.9 88.5 105.1
106.4 99.6 110.7 90.5 105.2
106.1 99.9 108.1 87.2 105.9
Machinery and Transport Equipment ................................ Machinery specialized for particular industries ...................... Metalworking machinery ........................................................ General industrial machinery, equipment, and machine parts, n.e.s. ........................................................................ Computer equipment and office machines ............................ Telecommunications and sound recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment .................................................. Electrical machinery and equipment ...................................... Road vehicles ........................................................................
106.1 94.9 93.5
107.2 96.2 95.9
107.7 95.8 96.4
108.4 96.0 96.9
108.6 96.9 97.1
109.1 98.1 98.0
109.7 99.8 100.3
110.3 100.6 101.4
110.8 102.0 103.1
112.4 104.7 108.9
112.1 103.8 108.3
112.0 105.6 108.9
94.4 186.2
95.9 182.8
95.9 180.1
96.7 178.0
97.2 175.5
97.7 173.2
98.9 171.1
100.0 168.5
101.3 167.0
104.5 167.2
104.7 165.9
105.5 163.4
117.3 115.2 89.1
118.3 117.2 90.4
119.5 119.4 90.9
118.5 118.9 92.9
117.5 119.1 93.3
117.6 119.6 94.0
117.7 120.2 94.7
118.0 120.1 96.0
117.8 120.5 96.6
119.1 122.9 97.3
119.0 120.7 97.9
118.0 119.7 98.2
Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles ............................... Prefabricated buildings; plumbing, and heat and lighting fixtures, n.e.s. .................................................................... Furniture and parts thereof .................................................... Travel goods, handbags, and similar containers ................... Articles of apparel and clothing accessories .......................... Footwear ................................................................................ Professional, scientific, and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s. ................................................................ Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies, and optical goods, n.e.s. ........................................................... Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s. .......................... n.e.s. = not elsewhere specified. . . . = Not available.
99.7
100.7
100.7
100.5
100.6
100.9
101.3
101.5
102.2
103.2
103.1
103.7
104.4 100.2 94.8 97.5 98.0
105.7 100.8 95.5 98.1 98.7
105.9 100.2 95.8 98.2 97.8
105.6 99.7 94.9 97.8 97.6
104.9 100.2 94.8 97.7 97.1
103.2 100.6 94.5 98.1 97.7
104.4 100.9 95.7 97.9 98.4
103.3 101.2 96.0 98.2 98.5
107.2 101.7 96.4 98.8 98.5
107.4 103.1 98.5 99.0 99.3
108.3 102.9 100.5 99.0 99.6
109.7 103.5 99.3 99.5 100.1
98.9
101.0
100.2
100.9
102.0
103.3
104.2
105.1
105.1
107.2
107.5
107.1
100.5 103.1
102.5 104.2
103.5 104.4
104.2 104.3
104.0 104.4
104.6 104.4
106.2 104.7
106.0 104.8
106.4 106.1
110.6 106.5
109.9 106.1
109.9 107.2
397
PRICES
Table 7-12. U.S. Import Price Indexes for Selected Categories of Goods, by Standard International Trade Classification, 1990–2004—Continued (2000 = 100.) 1996 Categories March
June
1997
Septem- December ber
March
June
1998
Septem- December ber
March
June
Septem- December ber
ALL COMMODITIES .............................................................
101.6
100.7
101.8
102.5
100.0
98.8
98.4
97.2
94.1
93.1
92.2
91.0
Food and Live Animals ....................................................... Meat and meat preparations .................................................. Fish, crustaceans, aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof ................................................................................ Vegetables and fruit and nuts, fresh or dried ......................... Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices, and manufactures thereof ..........
103.2 93.7
102.7 92.0
104.8 102.6
102.6 100.7
110.4 105.3
112.5 103.6
109.8 105.7
108.0 106.0
106.1 103.0
106.3 100.0
103.5 98.9
103.2 93.4
86.8 102.4 144.3
88.8 98.8 143.7
88.3 107.1 135.8
89.4 102.4 129.0
90.7 111.8 169.7
94.3 102.2 203.7
95.2 104.0 172.1
96.1 103.1 158.5
97.4 96.2 161.8
99.6 104.0 141.3
94.4 107.3 133.1
91.2 111.2 129.2
Beverages and Tobacco ..................................................... Beverages ..............................................................................
91.2 92.1
92.1 92.5
93.2 93.5
93.4 93.9
95.0 94.3
95.5 94.9
95.8 95.2
96.5 96.1
97.0 96.6
97.4 97.0
97.5 97.1
97.6 97.3
Crude Materials, Inedible, Except Fuels ............................ Cork and wood ....................................................................... Woodpulp and recovered paper ............................................ Metalliferous ores and metal scrap ........................................ Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s. .......................
105.8 91.3 100.2 100.3 ...
103.4 104.5 79.2 100.1 ...
106.4 115.9 84.9 95.9 ...
105.6 110.9 84.4 96.0 94.2
108.5 116.2 82.7 101.4 99.1
106.8 112.7 83.9 104.1 91.7
106.0 111.5 86.9 102.9 97.1
102.6 104.1 87.6 100.7 100.8
99.9 101.8 81.8 98.8 103.7
96.2 93.1 84.2 97.0 106.6
94.0 98.7 77.5 91.5 99.2
92.2 98.4 73.7 91.3 93.6
Mineral Fuels, Lubricants, and Related Materials ............ Petroleum, petroleum products, and related materials .......... Gas, natural and manufactured .............................................
66.3 67.4 54.7
65.1 66.3 52.7
72.6 74.3 56.3
79.8 80.0 76.7
67.1 67.6 61.3
61.6 62.2 55.1
63.0 63.0 60.2
60.8 59.8 65.0
47.3 45.5 55.9
45.7 43.9 54.5
45.6 44.2 51.8
38.0 35.1 53.9
Chemicals and Related Products, n.e.s. ............................ Organic chemicals ................................................................. Inorganic chemicals ............................................................... Dyeing, tanning, and coloring materials ................................. Medicinal and pharmaceutical products ................................ Essential oils, polishing, and cleansing preps ....................... Plastics in primary forms ........................................................ Plastics in nonprimary forms .................................................. Chemical materials and products, n.e.s. ................................
106.5 100.7 111.5 117.6 103.9 116.8 108.2 110.8 107.4
104.9 99.9 109.2 116.4 102.7 112.8 102.6 108.6 107.1
105.1 100.4 109.9 116.9 104.4 112.8 98.8 108.1 107.5
105.1 100.9 113.3 114.4 102.0 112.6 100.3 108.2 105.3
103.7 101.3 111.0 110.5 98.9 110.5 96.7 107.4 104.1
102.3 97.3 108.4 111.5 99.3 109.2 96.7 110.6 103.0
102.1 98.5 109.0 107.1 98.7 109.1 97.8 108.5 102.7
101.1 96.7 106.4 110.5 99.8 109.7 97.1 103.3 102.6
99.2 93.5 103.7 108.1 98.8 106.2 99.6 101.7 101.2
99.3 93.6 107.0 108.1 98.3 106.7 99.2 98.7 100.9
97.4 92.7 102.8 108.1 97.5 105.6 96.8 92.4 100.1
96.7 91.1 99.5 110.0 98.7 107.1 96.4 92.0 99.0
Manufactured Goods Classified Chiefly by Material ........ Rubber manufactures, n.e.s. ................................................. Cork and wood manufactures other than furniture ................ Paper and paperboard, cut to size ......................................... Textile yarn, fabrics, made-up articles, and related products, n.e.s. .................................................................. Nonmetallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s. .............................. Iron and steel ......................................................................... Nonferrous metals ................................................................. Manufactures of metals, n.e.s. ...............................................
103.3 108.7 101.4 118.9
102.0 108.8 104.4 112.7
99.8 108.2 103.7 104.0
98.2 107.0 101.7 96.3
98.7 105.7 102.2 95.0
99.5 106.0 102.0 97.7
99.6 103.2 102.4 99.2
98.7 103.7 102.1 98.9
97.3 102.8 95.7 98.2
96.7 103.1 95.6 97.8
95.4 102.4 98.6 97.2
94.3 102.5 98.0 96.2
105.9 100.9 105.7 85.4 106.0
105.4 100.8 104.8 84.2 105.0
105.5 101.6 104.8 77.8 105.8
105.8 102.3 104.1 76.0 105.7
105.8 102.5 103.2 81.8 104.0
105.8 101.9 103.3 85.4 103.6
105.2 101.4 103.3 87.1 102.6
104.5 101.0 103.3 82.7 103.1
103.1 100.0 101.9 81.9 101.8
102.3 99.9 99.7 81.6 101.0
101.8 99.4 96.7 77.5 101.0
101.4 100.0 93.5 74.5 101.1
Machinery and Transport Equipment ................................ Power generating machinery and equipment ........................ Machinery specialized for particular industries ...................... Metalworking machinery ........................................................ General industrial machinery, equipment, and machine parts, n.e.s. ........................................................................ Computer equipment and office machines ............................ Telecommunications and sound recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment .................................................. Electrical machinery and equipment ...................................... Road vehicles ........................................................................
111.2 ... 106.3 108.3
110.1 ... 104.7 108.1
110.2 ... 104.9 108.4
109.6 100.2 105.1 108.0
107.8 99.7 103.2 104.4
106.9 99.4 102.8 104.9
105.9 99.0 102.0 103.8
105.0 99.2 102.6 105.3
103.8 100.1 101.6 104.1
102.6 98.1 101.1 103.4
101.6 97.4 100.2 103.0
102.0 98.1 102.0 104.2
104.9 158.5
104.4 152.8
105.2 149.7
104.6 146.9
102.2 140.6
102.1 135.3
101.0 130.2
101.0 128.0
100.3 121.5
100.3 117.2
100.3 114.5
102.1 111.1
116.5 118.0 97.9
115.3 115.6 97.8
114.3 114.8 98.3
113.5 112.1 98.1
111.9 109.9 98.1
110.6 109.1 98.1
109.8 107.9 98.6
108.7 104.7 98.8
107.5 103.4 98.8
105.9 102.2 98.4
105.3 100.6 98.1
104.6 101.8 98.8
Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles ............................... Prefabricated buildings; plumbing, and heat and lighting fixtures, n.e.s. .................................................................... Furniture and parts thereof .................................................... Travel goods, handbags and similar containers .................... Articles of apparel and clothing accessories .......................... Footwear ................................................................................ Professional, scientific, and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s. ................................................................ Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies, and optical goods, n.e.s. ........................................................... Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s. ..........................
103.7
103.5
103.5
103.2
102.9
103.0
102.7
102.5
102.0
101.4
101.0
101.0
108.6 103.2 99.6 99.9 100.7
106.5 103.3 99.6 100.4 100.6
108.7 103.3 99.6 100.1 100.3
106.2 104.3 99.2 99.9 100.2
102.7 104.9 99.9 100.6 100.3
103.0 105.4 99.7 101.5 100.3
101.9 104.9 99.5 101.7 100.0
103.1 105.6 98.9 101.7 100.5
103.5 105.4 98.0 101.5 100.0
102.7 102.6 99.6 101.5 100.0
102.2 102.6 98.7 101.7 100.2
100.9 102.8 99.5 100.9 100.1
107.4
105.9
107.0
106.5
103.9
103.6
103.4
102.8
101.4
101.3
100.8
101.4
108.4 107.1
106.3 107.2
106.7 107.2
105.7 106.5
104.0 105.9
103.0 105.6
102.1 104.7
101.6 104.2
100.1 103.5
99.3 102.2
98.3 101.1
99.4 101.4
n.e.s. = not elsewhere specified. . . . = Not available.
398
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 7-12. U.S. Import Price Indexes for Selected Categories of Goods, by Standard International Trade Classification, 1990–2004—Continued (2000 = 100.) 1999 Categories March
June
2000
Septem- December ber
March
June
2001
Septem- December ber
March
June
Septem- December ber
ALL COMMODITIES .............................................................
91.5
92.9
95.8
97.4
99.9
100.2
101.6
100.5
98.3
97.6
95.9
91.4
Food and Live Animals ....................................................... Meat and meat preparations .................................................. Fish, crustaceans, aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof ................................................................................ Vegetables and fruit and nuts, fresh or dried ......................... Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices and manufactures thereof ...........
101.1 95.7
101.2 96.1
99.3 101.2
102.7 100.1
101.0 100.9
99.0 100.8
99.0 100.7
100.2 99.1
100.9 102.2
96.0 106.2
95.1 113.5
94.8 109.8
94.0 102.3 122.1
94.9 103.7 119.4
93.9 102.2 105.7
97.2 104.2 121.4
98.3 101.8 105.0
99.3 96.2 102.3
102.5 98.4 93.9
99.3 105.1 87.4
93.0 110.1 88.7
90.0 97.6 85.8
86.3 98.5 80.1
82.9 99.3 78.5
Beverages and Tobacco ..................................................... Beverages ..............................................................................
98.1 97.6
98.1 97.9
99.7 99.6
99.5 99.3
99.2 99.1
100.4 100.5
100.9 101.0
100.5 100.9
100.4 100.8
101.7 102.4
102.0 102.4
103.0 103.1
Crude Materials, Inedible, Except Fuels ............................ Cork and wood ....................................................................... Woodpulp and recovered paper ............................................ Metalliferous ores and metal scrap ........................................ Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s. .......................
94.7 104.2 73.5 88.5 103.1
99.1 112.5 77.3 90.4 95.8
100.5 112.0 84.1 92.8 104.7
101.1 109.3 86.9 97.4 105.5
103.5 109.2 92.3 102.3 105.5
99.4 101.3 102.0 99.1 87.4
97.5 91.8 104.5 100.0 97.0
97.0 93.6 106.3 97.3 91.5
94.5 89.8 102.5 96.6 92.0
102.8 122.1 87.1 93.9 92.9
96.6 112.2 77.3 92.8 83.8
89.9 91.7 77.7 91.2 96.0
Mineral Fuels, Lubricants, and Related Materials ............ Petroleum, petroleum products, and related materials .......... Gas, natural and manufactured .............................................
43.1 41.9 47.5
54.6 54.6 51.8
74.5 75.1 69.2
83.2 84.5 73.1
97.4 99.5 83.1
101.3 102.2 95.2
111.3 112.1 106.2
106.1 97.9 161.6
90.8 86.5 119.1
90.4 89.3 97.4
85.8 86.8 77.8
61.2 59.8 68.6
Chemicals and Related Products, n.e.s. ............................ Organic chemicals ................................................................. Inorganic chemicals ............................................................... Dyeing, tanning, and coloring materials ................................. Medicinal and pharmaceutical products ................................ Essential oils, polishing, and cleansing preps ....................... Plastics in primary forms ........................................................ Plastics in nonprimary forms .................................................. Chemical materials and products, n.e.s. ................................
96.4 91.7 97.0 107.4 99.7 105.3 97.1 91.3 97.4
96.2 91.6 94.9 104.7 99.1 104.1 98.8 94.4 97.0
96.9 93.2 94.8 102.8 100.0 103.9 99.1 97.2 97.6
97.6 94.3 96.3 102.3 100.3 101.6 99.2 99.5 99.1
98.5 95.9 97.2 100.7 100.3 101.0 99.2 100.3 100.2
99.8 100.4 100.1 98.1 99.8 100.8 99.6 100.8 99.2
101.2 102.5 101.2 100.1 99.7 100.0 100.6 100.8 100.7
100.7 102.1 103.0 99.1 98.6 96.2 101.2 98.0 100.1
102.4 101.5 107.2 101.4 97.5 99.7 101.1 105.3 101.4
100.5 102.1 100.1 98.1 96.7 98.4 102.1 102.4 99.9
98.3 99.3 98.1 96.3 97.0 99.7 99.7 99.3 99.0
97.4 96.1 97.6 97.1 97.0 100.1 99.8 100.9 98.0
Manufactured Goods Classified Chiefly by Material ........ Rubber manufactures, n.e.s. ................................................. Cork and wood manufactures other than furniture ................ Paper and paperboard, cut to size ......................................... Textile yarn, fabrics, made-up articles, and related products, n.e.s. .................................................................. Nonmetallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s. .............................. Iron and steel ......................................................................... Nonferrous metals ................................................................. Manufactures of metals, n.e.s. ...............................................
94.5 102.6 103.5 95.8
94.6 102.4 107.7 93.6
95.2 103.1 106.8 93.5
96.6 102.5 102.8 96.3
100.8 100.2 106.3 97.3
100.4 99.7 99.2 99.6
100.6 99.6 95.8 102.1
100.0 99.7 94.1 103.0
100.0 99.7 92.0 103.6
98.0 99.0 96.2 102.7
94.8 98.7 90.4 99.3
92.0 97.9 88.3 96.2
100.6 100.6 91.2 77.1 100.3
99.7 100.2 92.0 78.8 100.6
99.9 100.4 92.5 81.8 100.2
99.8 100.5 95.5 85.9 100.3
100.7 100.1 100.4 103.4 100.6
99.7 99.8 103.9 99.4 100.1
99.8 100.1 100.7 102.7 99.8
99.5 99.5 97.9 102.7 99.4
99.1 99.9 95.5 104.6 99.3
98.8 99.4 93.5 95.3 100.1
98.1 99.3 94.0 82.2 99.3
97.1 97.4 92.5 73.8 99.0
101.6 98.8 101.8 102.6
100.9 98.5 101.1 100.9
100.5 98.6 101.1 100.6
100.3 99.3 101.3 101.5
100.2 99.5 100.7 100.2
100.1 100.4 99.5 98.8
99.8 99.9 99.3 100.3
99.4 100.1 98.7 99.8
99.2 99.2 99.7 100.6
98.5 98.8 99.1 99.4
98.0 98.6 99.1 100.1
97.7 98.5 98.7 99.7
102.1 107.3
101.3 105.1
101.1 102.7
100.7 102.7
100.7 101.6
99.9 99.9
99.7 99.5
99.0 97.8
99.3 95.7
98.2 93.6
98.0 90.0
97.8 88.8
104.8 101.3 99.2
103.8 100.1 99.6
103.2 99.8 99.5
101.4 99.3 99.6
100.6 99.4 99.9
100.2 100.7 100.1
99.6 99.9 99.9
99.0 99.4 100.1
98.1 99.9 100.1
97.2 98.8 99.8
96.8 98.6 100.0
96.3 97.8 100.3
101.1
100.5
100.7
100.7
100.3
99.7
99.7
99.7
100.2
99.8
99.6
99.1
99.9 102.6 99.2 101.1 100.4
99.5 101.1 100.3 100.6 100.0
97.6 100.8 100.9 101.1 100.1
99.4 100.1 100.1 100.8 100.1
100.9 100.5 100.5 100.4 100.0
99.2 99.6 99.8 99.6 99.6
99.5 100.3 99.9 99.7 100.2
99.2 99.7 99.8 99.9 99.8
98.8 99.8 100.1 101.1 100.8
99.2 98.5 99.0 100.6 100.1
98.3 98.9 99.3 100.1 100.4
98.4 98.9 98.7 100.2 100.3
101.0
100.4
100.8
101.3
100.1
99.8
99.8
99.2
99.1
98.7
98.5
98.5
100.1 101.5
99.6 100.9
99.7 100.9
100.9 100.8
100.1 100.3
99.9 99.8
99.7 99.5
98.9 99.7
99.7 99.7
98.5 99.7
98.2 99.6
98.4 97.8
Machinery and Transport Equipment ................................ Power generating machinery and equipment ........................ Machinery specialized for particular industries ...................... Metalworking machinery ........................................................ General industrial machinery, equipment, and machine parts, n.e.s. ........................................................................ Computer equipment and office machines ............................ Telecommunications and sound recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment .................................................. Electrical machinery and equipment ...................................... Road vehicles ........................................................................ Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles ............................... Prefabricated buildings; plumbing, and heat and lighting fixtures, n.e.s. .................................................................... Furniture and parts thereof .................................................... Travel goods, handbags, and similar containers ................... Articles of apparel and clothing accessories .......................... Footwear ................................................................................ Professional, scientific, and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s. ............................................................... Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies, and optical goods, n.e.s. ........................................................... Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s. ..........................
n.e.s. = not elsewhere specified.
399
PRICES
Table 7-12. U.S. Import Price Indexes for Selected Categories of Goods, by Standard International Trade Classification, 1989–2003—Continued (2000 = 100.) 2002 Categories March
June
2003
Septem- December ber
March
June
2004
Septem- December ber
March
June
Septem- December ber
ALL COMMODITIES .............................................................
92.8
94.1
95.5
95.2
99.1
96.2
96.2
97.5
100.2
101.7
104.1
104.0
Food and Live Animals ....................................................... Meat and meat preparations .................................................. Fish, crustaceans, aquatic invertebrates, and preparations thereof ................................................................................ Vegetables and fruit and nuts, fresh or dried ......................... Coffee, tea, cocoa, spices and manufactures thereof ...........
96.4 109.8
94.5 104.0
98.8 103.4
98.8 106.8
101.2 108.5
99.4 102.9
100.0 112.8
101.0 120.4
105.4 120.4
106.9 128.9
109.2 134.9
111.9 133.0
80.4 104.0 83.3
79.8 102.2 84.6
84.9 106.7 93.5
82.5 105.6 99.9
81.4 110.7 100.2
81.3 108.9 94.8
82.2 105.0 98.6
79.2 109.4 96.0
83.3 111.3 101.7
84.1 105.9 107.0
86.0 109.2 105.6
85.0 112.2 114.4
Beverages and Tobacco ..................................................... Beverages ..............................................................................
102.1 102.5
103.0 102.8
102.6 102.2
102.7 102.4
104.0 103.0
103.9 103.7
104.0 103.9
104.4 104.3
105.3 105.5
105.3 105.6
106.2 106.7
107.1 107.6
Crude Materials, Inedible, Except Fuels ............................ Cork and wood ....................................................................... Woodpulp and recovered paper ............................................ Metalliferous ores and metal scrap ........................................ Crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s. .......................
95.8 106.6 74.9 93.7 92.3
96.4 103.1 77.1 95.9 92.8
96.4 98.3 82.3 93.3 104.0
94.5 94.0 78.9 94.7 101.4
98.5 95.0 86.5 99.9 102.6
99.5 94.4 95.3 99.7 104.9
106.1 113.0 90.4 103.7 95.7
107.9 108.0 92.8 115.3 99.6
120.0 123.3 95.4 148.0 99.7
125.8 136.1 106.5 140.4 98.0
135.1 151.1 105.5 162.6 98.7
125.5 124.7 100.3 167.3 98.3
Mineral Fuels, Lubricants, and Related Materials ............ Petroleum, petroleum products, and related materials .......... Gas, natural and manufactured .............................................
76.4 77.4 64.8
86.1 85.9 83.6
96.3 97.8 81.1
94.9 94.2 97.0
126.0 118.1 185.9
101.7 97.6 130.1
101.5 99.4 114.4
108.2 106.9 113.9
120.8 120.0 122.9
131.5 130.0 140.0
146.8 149.5 121.9
140.6 137.0 163.5
Chemicals and Related Products, n.e.s. ............................ Organic chemicals ................................................................. Inorganic chemicals ............................................................... Dyeing, tanning, and coloring materials ................................. Medicinal and pharmaceutical products ................................ Essential oils, polishing, and cleansing preps ....................... Plastics in primary forms ........................................................ Plastics in nonprimary forms .................................................. Chemical materials and products, n.e.s. ................................
96.3 96.6 97.8 97.2 96.0 99.8 91.5 100.6 93.6
97.0 97.2 98.6 96.2 98.0 99.9 91.8 100.3 93.6
98.7 99.7 100.1 96.6 99.6 98.4 97.9 99.4 92.4
98.2 98.5 102.5 96.7 99.2 99.2 94.8 99.6 91.6
101.1 99.4 110.8 97.6 101.3 98.4 99.3 100.4 97.6
100.1 97.0 106.4 98.0 102.5 99.4 106.1 100.8 92.3
99.2 97.0 105.4 97.7 101.9 91.6 102.7 101.4 91.8
101.1 97.5 114.0 99.6 103.4 91.6 105.5 101.8 93.3
103.8 98.7 120.5 99.5 108.1 93.7 106.9 102.9 95.8
103.8 99.8 119.8 100.3 107.1 93.5 104.6 102.3 95.2
106.7 106.1 124.1 98.4 106.6 93.4 109.6 103.8 94.4
109.6 109.3 126.7 98.7 108.9 94.4 116.1 105.7 96.1
Manufactured Goods Classified Chiefly by Material ........ Rubber manufactures, n.e.s. ................................................. Cork and wood manufactures other than furniture ................ Paper and paperboard, cut to size ......................................... Textile yarn, fabrics, made-up articles, and related products, n.e.s. .................................................................. Nonmetallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s. .............................. Iron and steel ......................................................................... Nonferrous metals ................................................................. Manufactures of metals, n.e.s. ...............................................
92.2 97.6 96.2 93.4
92.8 98.2 93.2 91.7
93.5 99.3 93.9 93.7
93.7 99.3 89.8 93.0
94.1 99.0 94.4 93.0
94.4 99.2 95.8 93.5
95.7 98.5 113.7 94.5
97.8 98.8 112.0 93.7
103.6 99.7 127.8 95.0
106.1 100.5 118.7 95.5
108.9 100.8 116.6 97.9
110.4 101.9 113.0 99.0
97.3 96.9 90.9 76.9 98.5
96.9 96.9 94.6 79.7 98.3
97.0 97.5 99.9 76.4 98.6
97.8 97.7 101.9 77.3 98.3
100.3 97.6 99.0 80.0 97.9
100.8 97.9 101.2 78.1 98.3
100.6 97.8 99.9 80.7 98.5
101.8 98.1 105.1 87.7 99.5
103.7 99.0 119.2 102.6 101.1
103.8 99.4 144.6 101.6 102.4
104.0 100.4 157.4 106.3 103.9
104.1 100.7 160.1 111.0 106.7
Machinery and Transport Equipment ................................ Power generating machinery and equipment ........................ Machinery specialized for particular industries ...................... Metalworking machinery ........................................................ General industrial machinery, equipment, and machine parts, n.e.s. ........................................................................ Computer equipment and office machines ............................ Telecommunications and sound recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment .................................................. Electrical machinery and equipment ...................................... Road vehicles ........................................................................
97.1 98.0 98.5 98.4
97.1 98.2 99.0 100.8
96.7 99.4 98.3 102.4
96.1 98.7 99.2 101.4
95.8 99.1 100.7 104.0
95.8 99.9 101.4 105.2
95.5 99.7 102.2 103.6
95.3 100.4 103.6 105.0
95.5 101.3 106.7 107.4
95.1 101.5 106.6 106.2
95.0 101.4 107.4 108.0
95.2 102.5 109.5 112.5
97.5 88.1
97.8 87.8
98.4 86.4
98.6 84.2
99.8 82.7
100.8 81.8
100.2 80.5
101.2 78.2
103.3 77.7
103.5 75.5
104.3 73.9
105.3 72.8
94.8 96.8 100.1
94.4 97.1 100.2
92.8 96.5 100.3
92.0 95.6 100.5
90.0 95.3 100.6
89.3 95.4 100.7
88.6 96.0 100.6
86.7 95.3 101.6
85.1 95.6 102.0
84.7 94.7 102.4
83.8 94.6 103.1
83.1 94.6 103.7
98.8
98.6
98.7
99.0
99.5
99.7
99.6
99.9
100.1
99.9
100.1
100.5
98.9 99.1 99.3 100.1 99.5
98.5 98.8 99.0 99.7 99.2
96.5 98.8 100.5 99.5 99.4
95.6 99.4 99.6 100.5 99.6
95.8 99.5 101.5 100.8 99.8
94.8 100.2 101.6 100.6 100.0
95.1 100.4 102.9 100.5 99.9
93.2 100.1 103.8 100.7 100.1
93.2 100.8 103.6 100.6 100.6
93.5 102.3 103.4 100.7 100.4
93.5 103.1 103.6 100.8 100.5
94.8 104.7 105.2 100.7 100.5
97.9
97.8
98.2
98.2
98.5
99.5
99.3
100.0
99.6
99.6
99.9
100.2
97.2 97.3
97.8 97.1
98.4 97.6
98.5 97.5
99.4 98.1
100.0 98.3
99.2 98.3
99.9 98.8
100.0 99.4
99.0 98.5
98.2 98.6
98.6 99.1
Miscellaneous Manufactured Articles ............................... Prefabricated buildings; plumbing, and heat and lighting fixtures, n.e.s. .................................................................... Furniture and parts thereof .................................................... Travel goods, handbags, and similar containers ................... Articles of apparel and clothing accessories .......................... Footwear ................................................................................ Professional, scientific, and controlling instruments and apparatus, n.e.s. ............................................................... Photographic apparatus, equipment and supplies, and optical goods, n.e.s. ........................................................... Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s. ..........................
n.e.s. = not elsewhere specified.
400
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 7-13. U.S. Import Price Indexes for Selected Categories of Goods, by Locality of Origin, 1994–2004 (2000 = 100.) Category and year
INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES ...........................................................................
Percent of U.S. imports 2000
Months March
June
September
December
48.0
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................
92.3 97.4 99.7 97.4 94.6 94.1
93.4 99.8 98.8 96.5 94.0 94.8
94.8 100.0 99.3 96.4 93.3 96.4
96.1 100.0 99.4 96.1 93.8 97.5
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................
99.5 100.2 94.3 100.0 103.4
100.1 99.0 95.7 98.4 104.7
100.9 96.5 96.9 98.6 106.3
101.4 93.7 96.7 100.0 107.5
95.1 100.0 102.1 99.5 97.8 97.6
95.9 102.6 101.1 98.9 97.5 97.7
97.4 102.9 101.4 98.8 96.7 98.1
98.8 102.9 100.7 98.6 97.3 98.9
100.2 99.9 95.6 97.8 102.1
99.9 99.2 96.3 97.7 102.8
100.2 97.6 96.9 98.2 104.0
99.8 96.0 96.7 99.4 104.6
58.2 66.3 71.6 73.3 59.3 56.9
64.3 67.6 72.3 68.9 56.8 65.1
64.3 65.2 76.0 69.4 57.2 78.7
64.1 66.0 84.3 68.5 55.7 83.2
92.7 103.9 82.9 134.3 122.9
102.2 97.2 93.8 113.7 133.1
107.5 85.2 102.4 108.9 138.7
118.2 69.9 102.7 112.4 147.1
Manufactured Goods ........................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................................... 1995 ....................................................................................................................... 1996 ....................................................................................................................... 1997 ....................................................................................................................... 1998 ....................................................................................................................... 1999 ....................................................................................................................... 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................
Nonmanufactured Goods .................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................................... 1995 ....................................................................................................................... 1996 ....................................................................................................................... 1997 ....................................................................................................................... 1998 ....................................................................................................................... 1999 ....................................................................................................................... 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
43.7
4.0
....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................
OTHER COUNTRIES ............................................................................................
52.0
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................
90.1 97.5 99.8 100.6 92.4 87.7
94.2 98.7 99.0 99.4 90.7 90.3
95.0 97.4 101.3 98.7 89.5 94.5
95.7 97.6 102.7 96.6 86.8 96.9
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................
99.8 97.0 90.9 96.7 96.3
100.4 96.6 92.2 93.1 97.9
102.5 95.0 94.3 93.3 101.5
99.5 88.6 93.4 94.1 99.7
104.2 107.3 108.9 108.4 103.5 98.8
105.1 108.8 108.4 107.8 102.2 98.9
105.8 108.6 107.9 107.0 100.6 99.0
106.5 108.4 108.6 105.3 99.6 99.3
99.8 99.6 95.6 96.5 95.2
99.7 98.8 95.9 95.1 96.2
100.3 97.9 96.2 95.1 97.2
100.2 96.0 95.8 94.5 97.1
52.0 69.5 73.7 75.8 57.1 53.0
63.8 70.3 72.1 72.6 54.9 63.6
64.8 66.1 80.9 72.2 54.5 80.3
65.5 67.3 84.5 68.8 46.8 89.2
99.9 88.9 81.3 113.3 118.1
102.4 89.7 88.2 98.0 123.2
109.2 86.1 99.6 98.8 141.5
97.4 65.3 96.4 106.5 130.3
Manufactured Goods ........................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................................... 1995 ....................................................................................................................... 1996 ....................................................................................................................... 1997 ....................................................................................................................... 1998 ....................................................................................................................... 1999 ....................................................................................................................... 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................
Nonmanufactured Goods .................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................................... 1995 ....................................................................................................................... 1996 ....................................................................................................................... 1997 ....................................................................................................................... 1998 ....................................................................................................................... 1999 ....................................................................................................................... 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
43.3
....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................
8.6
401
PRICES
Table 7-13. U.S. Import Price Indexes for Selected Categories of Goods, by Locality of Origin, 1994–2004 —Continued (2000 = 100.) Category and year
CANADA ................................................................................................................
Percent of U.S. imports 2000
Months March
June
September
December
17.2
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................
85.5 92.1 94.3 93.2 90.1 88.8
87.2 93.8 93.5 92.6 89.7 90.6
88.1 94.8 93.8 93.2 89.3 93.5
90.2 94.7 95.1 92.0 88.7 94.7
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................
97.2 102.6 96.1 106.6 110.0
99.8 101.8 97.8 103.1 112.3
102.4 97.0 99.6 103.9 114.4
105.6 93.2 99.2 104.4 116.6
91.4 98.0 99.0 98.0 96.7 95.5
92.3 99.4 98.0 98.0 96.6 96.1
93.6 100.7 97.7 98.3 96.3 96.9
95.9 100.5 97.4 97.3 95.5 97.7
98.8 101.6 99.1 100.9 107.4
98.9 102.8 98.7 101.1 108.2
101.3 99.9 99.5 103.2 110.3
101.8 98.1 98.9 103.3 110.7
54.7 61.7 70.3 69.9 58.4 56.5
61.1 64.4 70.7 66.6 56.6 64.2
60.1 63.9 74.4 68.1 56.5 76.8
60.3 64.8 84.3 66.4 56.3 79.9
89.3 108.1 83.8 143.1 126.1
103.6 97.9 96.8 119.0 138.0
107.6 83.1 104.1 111.5 138.9
124.4 69.8 104.9 114.0 150.5
Manufactured Goods ........................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................................... 1995 ....................................................................................................................... 1996 ....................................................................................................................... 1997 ....................................................................................................................... 1998 ....................................................................................................................... 1999 ....................................................................................................................... 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................
Nonmanufactured Goods .................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................................... 1995 ....................................................................................................................... 1996 ....................................................................................................................... 1997 ....................................................................................................................... 1998 ....................................................................................................................... 1999 ....................................................................................................................... 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
13.9
3.1
....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................
EUROPEAN UNION ..............................................................................................
19.6
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................
91.9 97.7 101.3 100.5 98.9 98.8
93.1 99.5 101.0 100.0 98.8 99.1
94.9 99.7 101.7 99.1 98.7 99.9
96.2 100.4 101.9 100.1 99.4 100.3
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................
100.8 99.0 97.4 103.2 107.4
100.1 98.8 99.2 102.8 108.5
100.0 98.2 101.0 102.8 110.0
98.9 97.4 100.9 104.3 111.6
92.9 98.6 102.3 101.0 100.4 100.9
93.9 100.4 101.8 100.8 100.6 100.6
95.8 100.9 102.4 100.1 100.5 100.8
97.1 101.5 102.3 101.0 101.5 100.8
100.8 99.2 98.1 103.3 107.4
99.9 98.8 99.9 103.2 108.4
99.6 98.7 101.5 103.2 109.3
98.6 98.4 101.4 104.5 110.9
67.6 72.8 78.8 89.3 65.6 53.6
73.5 74.5 80.6 82.2 58.7 66.6
71.9 71.2 85.7 76.5 58.8 81.3
72.0 73.0 91.7 78.4 53.4 88.7
100.4 96.0 86.6 118.8 128.4
102.9 99.5 88.7 106.7 135.1
107.9 89.1 99.6 111.5 157.9
106.2 75.7 104.1 118.8 163.1
Manufactured Goods ........................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................................... 1995 ....................................................................................................................... 1996 ....................................................................................................................... 1997 ....................................................................................................................... 1998 ....................................................................................................................... 1999 ....................................................................................................................... 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................
Nonmanufactured Goods .................................................................................... 1994 ....................................................................................................................... 1995 ....................................................................................................................... 1996 ....................................................................................................................... 1997 ....................................................................................................................... 1998 ....................................................................................................................... 1999 ....................................................................................................................... 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
19.0
....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................
0.5
402
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 7-13. U.S. Import Price Indexes for Selected Categories of Goods, by Locality of Origin, 1994–2004 —Continued (2000 = 100.) Category and year
LATIN AMERICA ...................................................................................................
Percent of U.S. imports 2000
....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................
Manufactured Goods ........................................................................................... 1997 ....................................................................................................................... 1998 ....................................................................................................................... 1999 ....................................................................................................................... 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
December
... 84.3 81.7
... 83.9 85.3
... 83.0 90.7
89.0 80.4 94.2
98.9 99.5 94.0 104.8 106.3
100.9 98.9 96.2 99.6 108.6
103.5 97.2 100.0 99.8 114.7
99.5 90.6 98.9 102.6 113.1
... 94.8 92.0
... 95.0 93.6
... 93.8 94.6
97.2 93.5 96.0
98.3 104.2 101.5 108.2 107.5
99.6 103.5 102.4 103.6 109.1
101.6 102.5 104.2 104.4 112.0
102.3 101.4 103.8 105.8 113.9
... 60.8 59.3
... 59.7 67.2
... 59.4 82.1
70.8 51.9 90.2
100.2 89.3 83.5 111.7 121.1
103.5 89.0 90.7 103.5 125.9
107.8 86.0 103.0 100.9 144.6
93.6 67.3 99.3 109.8 130.1
3.9
....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................
JAPAN ...................................................................................................................
September
13.4
....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................
Nonmanufactured Goods .................................................................................... 1997 ....................................................................................................................... 1998 ....................................................................................................................... 1999 .......................................................................................................................
June
17.3
1997 ....................................................................................................................... 1998 ....................................................................................................................... 1999 ....................................................................................................................... 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Months March
9.5
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................
105.2 108.6 110.1 104.6 99.8 98.2
105.8 112.5 108.4 103.2 98.2 98.2
107.0 112.0 107.8 102.7 96.8 98.6
108.0 111.0 106.5 101.0 98.0 99.6
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................
99.6 99.4 95.6 94.4 95.2
100.0 98.6 95.4 94.2 95.1
99.9 97.8 95.0 93.8 95.3
99.9 97.0 94.6 94.7 95.9
ASIAN NEWLY INDUSTRALIZED COUNTRIES ..................................................
7.4
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................
120.7 120.9 120.6 116.6 108.7 101.3
120.4 121.3 119.6 115.3 105.2 100.8
120.2 121.5 118.1 113.8 103.0 100.7
120.2 120.8 117.3 111.3 102.0 100.8
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................
100.6 97.3 93.3 91.2 90.3
99.9 96.4 92.6 91.5 90.6
100.0 95.2 92.5 91.7 91.0
99.3 93.8 91.3 90.9 90.6
. . . = Not available.
PRICES
403
Table 7-14. U.S. Import and Export Price Indexes and Percent Changes for Selected Categories of Services, December 2003–December 2004 (2000 = 100.) Index
Category
Trade (millions of dollars)
Percent change Annual
Quarterly
September 2004 December 2004 December 2003 December 2003 to to December 2004 March 2004
March 2004 to June 2004
June 2004 September 2004 to to September 2004 December 2004
IMPORTS Air Freight ......................................................... Asia ................................................................
4 168 2 329
120.0 109.3
126.8 113.0
10.4 2.4
1.9 -0.4
0.3 -1.3
2.1 0.6
5.7 3.4
Air Passenger Fares ........................................ Europe ............................................................ Asia ................................................................ Latin American/Caribbean ...........................
18 253 11 250 2 626 1 916
121.0 118.1 111.1 112.9
111.7 101.3 120.8 114.8
4.4 5.6 1.7 6.0
-3.2 0.7 -15.2 1.2
18.8 24.1 20.8 4.5
-1.7 -1.5 -8.8 -1.4
-7.7 -14.2 8.7 1.7
Air Freight .........................................................
2 836
100.3
106.1
11.2
1.8
2.1
1.2
5.8
Air Passenger Fares ........................................ Europe ............................................................ Asia ............................................................... Japan ............................................................. Latin American/Caribbean ..............................
20 319 5 394 8 936 5 473 3 413
130.1 151.3 120.4 118.8 130.1
134.0 158.9 117.5 115.7 135.9
13.2 13.6 13.5 14.3 6.9
4.1 7.9 3.5 6.2 1.4
0.5 -0.2 -0.1 -1.7 1.2
5.1 0.4 12.5 12.4 -0.3
3.0 5.0 -2.4 -2.6 4.5
EXPORTS
PART EIGHT CONSUMER EXPENDITURES
CONSUMER EXPENDITURES HIGHLIGHTS The principal objective of the Consumer Expenditure Survey is to collect information about the buying habits of American households. This survey uniquely breaks down expenditures for different demographic categories, such as income, age, family size, and geographic location. These data are use in a variety of government, business, and academic research projects. The survey also provides important weights for the periodic revisions of the Consumer Price Index.
Percent Distribution of Major Consumer Expenditures by Selected Age Groups, 2003 40.0 35.0
Percent
30.0 25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 Food at home
Housing
Transportation
Health care
Major consumer expenditure 25-34
35-44
45-54
55-64
65+
The most significant difference in expenditures between the age groups occurred in health care. The percentage of health spending predictably increased with age. 25-34 year olds only spent 3.6 percent of their earnings on health care in 2003, while 45-54 year olds spent 4.9 percent. Lower income and higher spending levels led Americans aged 65 years and older to spend 12.7 percent on health care during that same year. (Table 8-6) OTHER HIGHLIGHTS: • The past 10 years have seen the percentage of homeowner households increase from 63 percent to 67 percent. Of these households, 26 percent had no mortgage in 2003, down from 41 percent in 1963. This may be a reflection of how low mortgage interest rates, when combined with high housing prices, can lead homeowners to capture some of their property’s equity by refinancing. (Table 8-1) • In 2003, persons earnings $100,000 or more constituted 11.8 percent of the total; however, this group consumed 25.9 percent of total aggregate expenditures. Expenditures for this group included: 25 percent of total housing, 23 percent of total transportation, and 28 percent of total entertainment. Households with income of over $150,000 accounted for only 4 percent of the population, but consumed 11.4 percent of the total aggregate expenditures. (Table 8-4) • Hispanic and Latino households spent a higher proportion of income on housing (35.6 percent) than non-Hispanic households (32.7 percent). Latino and Hispanic households also had higher proportional expenditures for food (16.5 percent versus 12.7 percent) and transportation (19.6 versus 19.0 percent) than non-Hispanic households. However, nonHispanic households spent more on health care (6.1 percent) than did Hispanic and Latino households (4.2 percent). (Table 8-15) • Single women (8.1 percent) continued to spend a significantly higher proportion on health care than did single men (4.6 percent). Much of this difference is due to fact that the average age of single women is more than 11 years higher than that of single men. Single men, however, spent more than single women on food, transportation, and entertainment. (Tables 8-23 and 8-24) 407
408
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
NOTES AND DEFINITIONS Purpose, Collection, and Coverage The buying habits of American consumers change over time due to changes in relative prices, real income, family size and composition, and other determinants of people’s tastes and preferences. The introduction of new products into the marketplace and the emergence of new concepts in retailing also have influence on consumer buying habits. Data from the Consumer Expenditure Survey (CE), the only national survey that can relate family expenditures to demographic characteristics, are of great importance to researchers. The survey data are also used to revise the Consumer Price Index market baskets and item samples. The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) historically conducted surveys of consumer expenditures at about 10-year intervals. The last such survey was conducted in 1972–1973. In late 1979, in a significant departure from previous methodology, BLS initiated a survey to be conducted on a continuous basis with rotating panels of respondents. The regular flow of data resulting from this design substantially enhances the usefulness of the survey by providing more timely information on consumption patterns within different kinds of consumer units. The current CE is similar to its 1972–1973 predecessor in that it consists of two separate components. Each component has its own questionnaire and sample: (1) an interview panel survey, in which an interviewer visits each consumer unit every three months for a 12-month period, and (2) a diary, or record-keeping survey, completed by other consumer units for two consecutive one-week periods. The Census Bureau, under contract to BLS, collects the data for both components of the survey. Beginning in 1999, the sample was increased from 5,000 to 7,500 households. In 2003, the survey modified the questions on race and Hispanic origin to comply with new standards for maintaining, collecting, and presenting federal data on race and ethnicity for federal statistical agencies. Beginning with the 2003 data, the CE tables have used data collected from the new race and ethnicity questions. In addition to these changes, a more comprehensive review was undertaken to evaluate the classifications of published CE data. The purpose of this review was to provide data users with additional information while maintaining data reliability and continuity with previously published data. As a result of both this review and the new race and ethnicity changes, a number of new classifications of CE data are being made available with the publication of the 2003 data. The Interview Survey is designed to collect data on the types of expenditures that respondents can be expected to recall after a period of three months or longer. These
include relatively large expenditures (such as those for property, travel, automobiles, and major appliances) and expenditures that occur on a regular basis (such as rent, utilities, insurance premiums, and clothing) The interview also obtains “global estimates” of food expenditures for both food at home and food away from home. For food-athome expenditures, respondents are asked to estimate their typical weekly spending at the grocery store and to determine how much of the expenditure was for nonfood items. Nonfood items are then subtracted from the total. Convenience and specialty stores are included in the foodat-home estimates. The survey also collects data for approximately 95 percent of total expenditures. Excluded from the interview survey are nonprescription drugs, household supplies, and personal care products. The Diary Survey is designed to collect data on expenditures for frequently purchased items that are more difficult to recall over longer periods of time. Respondents keep detailed records of expenses for food and beverages at home and meals in eating places away from home. Expenditures for tobacco, drugs—including nonprescription drugs—and personal care supplies and services are also collected in the diary. Participants in both surveys record dollar amounts for goods and services purchased during the reporting period, regardless of whether payment was made at the time of purchase. Excluded from both surveys are business-related expenditures as well as expenditures for which the family is reimbursed. At the initial interview for each survey, information is collected on demographic and family characteristics. The tables present integrated data from the Diary and Interview Surveys, providing a complete accounting of consumer expenditures and income, which neither survey component is designed to do alone. Data on some expenditure items are collected in either the Diary or Interview survey only. For example, the Diary does not collect data for expenditures on overnight travel or information on reimbursements as the Interview does. Examples of expenditures for which any reimbursements are netted out include those for medical care; auto repair; and construction, repairs, alterations, and maintenance of property. For items unique to one survey or the other, the choice of which survey to use as the source of data is obvious. However, there is considerable overlap in coverage between the surveys. Integrating the data thus presents the problem of determining the appropriate survey component. When data are available from both survey sources, the more reliable of the two is selected as determined by statistical methods. As a result, some items are selected from the Interview Survey and others from the Diary Survey.
CONSUMER EXPENDITURES
Research is underway to evaluate survey methodology and is described in Consumer Expenditure Survey Anthology, 2003, on the BLS Web site.
409
The “householder” or “reference person” is the first member of the consumer unit mentioned by the respondent as owner or renter of the premises at the time of the initial interview.
Data Included in this Book The data in this edition for a single characteristic are for the calendar year 2003 and for two cross-classified characteristics are for an average of calendar years 2002–2003. Income values from the survey are derived from “complete income reporters” only. Complete income reporters are defined as consumer units that provide values for at least one of the major sources of their income: wages and salaries, self-employment income, retirement income, dividends and interest, and welfare benefits. Some consumer units are defined as complete income reporters even though they may not have provided a full accounting of all income from all sources. Consumer units are classified by quintiles of income before taxes, age of reference person, size of consumer unit, region, composition of consumer unit, number of earners in consumer unit, housing tenure, race, type of area (urban or rural), and occupation. Concepts and Definitions A consumer unit comprises either (1) all members of a particular household related by blood, marriage, adoption, or other legal arrangements; (2) a person living alone, sharing a household with others, living as a roomer in a private home or lodging house or in permanent living quarters in a hotel or motel, but who is financially independent; or (3) two or more persons living together who pool their income to make joint expenditure decisions. Financial independence is determined by the three major expense categories: housing, food, and other living expenses. To be considered financially independent, at least two of the three major expense categories have to be provided by the respondent. The terms “family,” “household,” and “consumer unit” are used interchangeably in descriptions of the CE.
Expenditures are averages for consumer units with the specified characteristics, regardless of whether a particular unit incurred an expense for that specific item or service during the record-keeping period. An individual consumer unit may have spent substantially more or substantially less than the average. The less frequently an item or service is purchased, the greater the difference between the average for all consumer units and the average of those purchasing the item or service. Income, age of family members, taste, personal preferences, and geographic location are among the factors that influence expenditures and should be considered when relating averages to individual circumstances. Expenditures reported are the direct out-of-pocket expenditures of consumer units. Indirect expenditures may be significant for some expenditure categories, such as utilities. Rental contracts may include some or all utilities, and renters with such contracts would record little or no direct expense for utilities. Therefore, caution should be exercised in making comparisons of expenditures for utilities by consumers of various income classes and types of housing. Earner is a consumer unit member who reported having worked at least one week during the 12 months prior to the interview date. Sources of Additional Information For additional information on changes in 2003, see the special note on the subject on the BLS Web site. More extensive descriptions and tables are contained in Report 986. Report 981 is an anthology of articles. An updated chapter of the BLS Handbook of Methods, Chapter 16, is available on the BLS Web site.
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HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 8-1. Consumer Expenditures, Average Annual of All Consumer Units, 1993–2003 (Number, dollar, percent.) All consumer units Item 1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
100 049
102 210
103 123
104 212
105 576
107 182
108 465
109 367
110 339
112 108
115 356
Average Income Before Taxes1 ......................................
34 868
36 181
36 918
38 014
39 926
41 622
43 951
44 649
47 507
49 430
51 128
Age of Reference Person ................................................
47.8
47.6
48.0
47.7
47.7
47.6
47.9
48.2
48.1
48.1
48.4
Average Number in Consumer Unit Persons .............................................................................. Children under 18 .............................................................. Persons 65 and over .......................................................... Earners .............................................................................. Vehicles .............................................................................
2.5 0.7 0.3 1.3 1.9
2.5 0.7 0.3 1.3 1.9
2.5 0.7 0.3 1.3 1.9
2.5 0.7 0.3 1.3 1.9
2.5 0.7 0.3 1.3 2.0
2.5 0.7 0.3 1.3 2.0
2.5 0.7 0.3 1.3 1.9
2.5 0.7 0.3 1.4 1.9
2.5 0.7 0.3 1.4 1.9
2.5 0.7 0.3 1.4 2.0
2.5 0.6 0.3 1.3 1.9
Percent Homeowner ........................................................ With mortgage ................................................................... Without mortgage ..............................................................
63.0 37.0 26.0
63.0 37.0 26.0
64.0 38.0 26.0
64.0 38.0 26.0
64.0 38.0 26.0
64.0 39.0 26.0
65.0 38.0 27.0
66.0 39.0 27.0
66.0 40.0 26.0
66.0 41.0 26.0
67.0 41.0 26.0
AVERAGE ANNUAL EXPENDITURES ............................
30 692
31 731
32 264
33 797
34 819
35 535
36 995
38 045
39 518
40 677
40 817
Food .................................................................................. Food at home ..................................................................... Cereals and bakery products ......................................... Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs ........................................ Dairy products ................................................................ Fruits and vegetables .................................................... Other food at home ........................................................ Food away from home .......................................................
4 399 2 735 434 434 295 444 827 1 664
4 411 2 712 429 429 289 437 825 1 698
4 505 2 803 441 441 297 457 856 1 702
4 698 2 876 447 447 312 490 889 1 823
4 801 2 880 453 453 314 476 895 1 921
4 810 2 780 425 425 301 472 858 2 030
5 031 2 915 448 448 322 500 896 2 116
5 158 3 021 453 453 325 521 927 2 137
5 321 3 086 452 452 332 522 952 2 235
5 375 3 099 450 798 328 552 970 2 276
5 340 3 129 442 825 328 535 999 2 211
NUMBER OF CONSUMER UNITS (THOUSANDS) ......... CONSUMER UNIT CHARACTERISTICS
Alcoholic Beverages .......................................................
268
278
277
309
309
309
318
372
349
376
391
Housing ............................................................................ Shelter ............................................................................... Owned dwellings ............................................................ Rented dwellings ........................................................... Other lodging ................................................................. Utilities, fuels, and public services ..................................... Household operations ........................................................ Housekeeping supplies ...................................................... Household furnishings and equipment ..............................
9 636 5 415 3 331 1 714 370 2 112 469 410 1 230
10 106 5 686 3 492 1 799 395 2 189 490 393 1 348
10 458 5 928 3 749 1 788 391 2 191 509 430 1 401
10 747 6 064 3 783 1 864 417 2 347 522 464 1 350
11 272 6 344 3 935 1 983 426 2 412 548 455 1 512
11 713 6 680 4 245 1 978 458 2 405 546 482 1 601
12 057 7 016 4 525 2 027 465 2 377 666 498 1 499
12 319 7 114 4 602 2 034 478 2 489 684 482 1 549
13 011 7 602 4 979 2 134 489 2 767 676 509 1 458
13 283 7 829 5 165 2 160 505 2 684 706 545 1 518
13 432 7 887 5 263 2 179 445 2 811 707 529 1 497
Apparel and Services ......................................................
1 676
1 644
1 704
1 752
1 729
1 674
1 743
1 856
1 743
1 749
1 640
Transportation ................................................................. Vehicle purchases (net outlay) .......................................... Gasoline and motor oil ....................................................... Other vehicle expenses ..................................................... Public transportation ..........................................................
5 453 2 319 977 1 843 314
6 044 2 725 986 1 953 381
6 014 2 638 1 006 2 015 355
6 382 2 815 1 082 2 058 427
6 457 2 736 1 098 2 230 393
6 616 2 964 1 017 2 206 429
7 011 3 305 1 055 2 254 397
7 417 3 418 1 291 2 281 427
7 633 3 579 1 279 2 375 400
7 759 3 665 1 235 2 471 389
7 781 3 732 1 333 2 331 385
Health Care .......................................................................
1 776
1 755
1 732
1 770
1 841
1 903
1 959
2 066
2 182
2 350
2 416
Entertainment ...................................................................
1 626
1 567
1 612
1 834
1 813
1 746
1 891
1 863
1 953
2 079
2 060
Personal Care Products and Services ...........................
385
397
403
513
528
401
408
564
465
526
527
Reading .............................................................................
166
165
162
159
164
161
159
146
141
139
127
Education .........................................................................
455
460
471
524
571
580
635
632
648
752
783
Tobacco Products and Smoking Supplies ....................
268
259
269
255
264
273
300
319
308
320
290
Miscellaneous ..................................................................
715
749
766
855
847
860
867
776
750
792
606
Cash Contributions .........................................................
961
960
925
940
1 001
1 109
1 181
1 192
1 258
1 277
1 370
Personal Insurance and Pensions ................................. Life and other personal insurance ..................................... Pensions and Social Security ............................................
2 908 399 2 509
2 938 398 2 540
2 964 373 2 591
3 060 353 2 707
3 223 379 2 844
3 381 398 2 982
3 436 394 3 042
3 365 399 2 966
3 737 410 3 326
3 899 406 3 493
4 055 397 3 658
1Components
of income and taxes are derived from "complete income reporters" only.
411
CONSUMER EXPENDITURES
Table 8-2. Shares of Average Annual Expenditures and Characteristics of All Consumer Units, 1993–2003 (Number, dollar, percent.) Item
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
NUMBER OF CONSUMER UNITS (THOUSANDS) .........
100 049
102 210
103 123
104 212
105 576
107 182
108 465
109 367
110 339
112 108
115 356
Average Income Before Taxes1 ......................................
34 868
36 181
36 918
38 014
39 926
41 622
43 951
44 649
47 507
49 430
51 128
Age of Reference Person ................................................
47.8
47.6
48.0
47.7
47.7
47.6
47.9
48.2
48.1
48.1
48.4
Average Number in Consumer Unit Persons .............................................................................. Children under 18 .............................................................. Persons 65 and over .......................................................... Earners .............................................................................. Vehicles .............................................................................
2.5 0.7 0.3 1.3 1.9
2.5 0.7 0.3 1.3 1.9
2.5 0.7 0.3 1.3 1.9
2.5 0.7 0.3 1.3 1.9
2.5 0.7 0.3 1.3 2.0
2.5 0.7 0.3 1.3 2.0
2.5 0.7 0.3 1.3 1.9
2.5 0.7 0.3 1.4 1.9
2.5 0.7 0.3 1.4 1.9
2.5 0.7 0.3 1.4 2.0
2.5 0.6 0.3 1.3 1.9
Percent Homeowner ........................................................ With mortgage ................................................................... Without mortgage ..............................................................
63.0 37.0 26.0
63.0 37.0 26.0
64.0 38.0 26.0
64.0 38.0 26.0
64.0 38.0 26.0
64.0 39.0 26.0
65.0 38.0 27.0
66.0 39.0 27.0
66.0 40.0 26.0
66.0 41.0 26.0
67.0 41.0 26.0
AVERAGE ANNUAL EXPENDITURES ............................
30 692
31 731
32 264
33 797
34 819
35 535
36 995
38 045
39 518
40 677
40 817
Food .................................................................................. Food at home ..................................................................... Cereals and bakery products ......................................... Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs ........................................ Dairy products ................................................................ Fruits and vegetables .................................................... Other food at home ........................................................ Food away from home .......................................................
14.3 8.9 1.4 2.4 1.0 1.4 2.7 5.4
13.9 8.5 1.4 2.3 0.9 1.4 2.6 5.4
14.0 8.7 1.4 2.3 0.9 1.4 2.7 5.3
13.9 8.5 1.3 2.2 0.9 1.4 2.6 5.4
13.8 8.3 1.3 2.1 0.9 1.4 2.6 5.5
13.5 7.8 1.2 2.0 0.8 1.3 2.4 5.7
13.6 7.9 1.2 2.0 0.9 1.4 2.4 5.7
13.6 7.9 1.2 2.1 0.9 1.4 2.4 5.6
13.5 7.8 1.1 2.1 0.8 1.3 2.4 5.7
13.2 7.6 1.1 2.0 0.8 1.4 2.4 5.6
13.1 7.7 1.1 2.0 0.8 1.3 2.4 5.4
CONSUMER UNIT CHARACTERISTICS
Alcoholic Beverages .......................................................
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
1.0
0.9
0.9
1.0
Housing ............................................................................ Shelter ............................................................................... Owned dwellings ............................................................ Rented dwellings ........................................................... Other lodging ................................................................. Utilities, fuels, and public services ..................................... Household operations ........................................................ Housekeeping supplies ...................................................... Household furnishings and equipment ..............................
31.4 17.6 10.9 5.6 1.2 6.9 1.5 1.3 4.0
31.8 17.9 11.0 5.7 1.2 6.9 1.5 1.2 4.2
32.4 18.4 11.6 5.5 1.2 6.8 1.6 1.3 4.3
31.8 17.9 11.2 5.5 1.2 6.9 1.5 1.4 4.0
32.4 18.2 11.3 5.7 1.2 6.9 1.6 1.3 4.3
33.0 18.8 11.9 5.6 1.3 6.8 1.5 1.4 4.5
32.6 19.0 12.2 5.5 1.3 6.4 1.8 1.3 4.1
32.4 18.7 12.1 5.3 1.3 6.5 1.8 1.3 4.1
32.9 19.2 12.6 5.4 1.2 7.0 1.7 1.3 3.7
32.7 19.2 12.7 5.3 1.2 6.6 1.7 1.3 3.7
32.9 19.3 12.9 5.3 1.1 6.9 1.7 1.3 3.7
Apparel and Services ......................................................
5.5
5.2
5.3
5.2
5.0
4.7
4.7
4.9
4.4
4.3
4.0
Transportation ................................................................. Vehicle purchases (net outlay) .......................................... Gasoline and motor oil ....................................................... Other vehicle expenses ..................................................... Public transportation ..........................................................
17.8 7.6 3.2 6.0 1.0
19.0 8.6 3.1 6.2 1.2
18.6 8.2 3.1 6.2 1.1
18.9 8.3 3.2 6.1 1.3
18.5 7.9 3.2 6.4 1.1
18.6 8.3 2.9 6.2 1.2
19.0 8.9 2.9 6.1 1.1
19.5 9.0 3.4 6.0 1.1
19.3 9.1 3.2 6.0 1.0
19.1 9.0 3.0 6.1 1.0
19.1 9.1 3.3 5.7 0.9
Health Care ....................................................................... Health insurance ................................................................ Medical services ................................................................ Drugs ................................................................................. Medical supplies ................................................................
5.8 2.6 1.9 1.0 0.3
5.5 2.6 1.8 0.9 0.3
5.4 2.7 1.6 0.9 0.2
5.2 2.4 1.6 0.9 0.3
5.3 2.5 1.5 0.9 0.3
5.4 2.6 1.5 1.0 0.3
5.3 2.5 1.5 1.0 0.3
5.4 2.6 1.5 1.1 0.3
5.5 2.7 1.4 1.1 0.3
5.8 2.9 1.5 1.2 0.3
5.9 3.1 1.4 1.1 0.3
Entertainment ...................................................................
5.3
4.9
5.0
5.4
5.2
4.9
5.1
4.9
4.9
5.1
5.0
Personal Care Products and Services ...........................
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.5
1.5
1.1
1.1
1.5
1.2
1.3
1.3
Reading .............................................................................
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
Education .........................................................................
1.5
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.7
1.7
1.6
1.8
1.9
Tobacco Products and Smoking Supplies ....................
0.9
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.7
Miscellaneous ..................................................................
2.3
2.4
2.4
2.5
2.4
2.4
2.3
2.0
1.9
1.9
1.5
Cash Contributions .........................................................
3.1
3.0
2.9
2.8
2.9
3.1
3.2
3.1
3.2
3.1
3.4
Personal Insurance and Pensions ................................. Life and other personal insurance ..................................... Pensions and Social Security ............................................
9.5 1.3 8.2
9.3 1.3 8.0
9.2 1.2 8.0
9.1 1.0 8.0
9.3 1.1 8.2
9.5 1.1 8.4
9.3 1.1 8.2
8.8 1.0 7.8
9.5 1.0 8.4
9.6 1.0 8.6
9.9 1.0 9.0
1Components
of income and taxes are derived from "complete income reporters" only.
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HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 8-3. Consumer Expenditures, Averages by Income Before Taxes, 2003 (Number, dollar, percent.)
Item
NUMBER OF CONSUMER UNITS (THOUSANDS) ...........
Complete reporting of income, total
Complete reporting of income
Less than $5,000
$5,000 to $9,999
$10,000 to $14,999
$15,000 to $19,999
$20,000 to $29,999
$30,000 to $39,999
$40,000 to $49,999
$50,000 to $69,999
$70,000 and over
97 391
4 398
7 155
8 145
7 402
13 182
10 759
8 891
13 890
23 567
Average Income Before Taxes1 ........................................
51 128
1 200
7 799
12 455
17 410
24 655
34 485
44 294
58 900
117 960
Average Income After Taxes1 ...........................................
48 596
1 218
7 866
12 549
17 456
23 197
33 370
42 842
56 428
110 756
Age of Reference Person ..................................................
48.4
41.2
52.6
55.9
52.9
50.1
47.4
46.7
45.6
46.1
Average Number in Consumer Unit Persons ................................................................................ Children under 18 ................................................................ Persons 65 and over ............................................................ Earners ................................................................................ Vehicles ...............................................................................
2.5 0.6 0.3 1.3 2.0
1.7 0.4 0.2 0.8 0.9
1.6 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.8
1.9 0.4 0.5 0.6 1.1
2.1 0.5 0.5 0.8 1.4
2.3 0.6 0.4 1.1 1.6
2.5 0.6 0.3 1.3 2.0
2.6 0.7 0.2 1.5 2.2
2.8 0.8 0.2 1.7 2.5
3.0 0.8 0.1 2.0 2.8
Percent Distribution Male ..................................................................................... Female .................................................................................
51.0 49.0
42.0 58.0
35.0 65.0
36.0 64.0
44.0 56.0
47.0 53.0
51.0 49.0
56.0 44.0
57.0 43.0
60.0 40.0
Percent Homeowner .......................................................... With mortgage ...................................................................... Without mortgage .................................................................
66.0 41.0 25.0
32.0 13.0 19.0
38.0 9.0 29.0
48.0 11.0 37.0
54.0 18.0 35.0
57.0 26.0 31.0
63.0 36.0 27.0
71.0 47.0 23.0
78.0 58.0 20.0
89.0 71.0 18.0
AVERAGE ANNUAL EXPENDITURES ..............................
42 742
19 272
16 013
20 061
23 715
29 034
34 931
39 757
49 789
77 521
Food .................................................................................... Food at home ....................................................................... Cereals and bakery products ........................................... Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs .......................................... Dairy products .................................................................. Fruits and vegetables ....................................................... Other food at home .......................................................... Food away from home .........................................................
5 593 3 236 456 837 343 556 1 044 2 358
3 433 2 081 314 496 218 353 699 1 352
2 760 1 825 272 481 181 323 567 936
3 422 2 425 365 633 252 428 746 997
3 721 2 479 364 632 272 448 762 1 242
4 338 2 856 403 800 302 498 852 1 483
4 993 3 048 415 784 321 550 978 1 945
5 486 3 234 468 821 367 524 1 053 2 252
6 511 3 700 511 1 011 384 585 1 209 2 811
8 794 4 472 617 1 100 475 783 1 497 4 323
CONSUMER UNIT CHARACTERISTICS
Alcoholic Beverages ..........................................................
442
263
153
200
210
247
309
407
556
858
Housing ............................................................................... Shelter .................................................................................. Owned dwellings .............................................................. Rented dwellings .............................................................. Other lodging ................................................................... Utilities, fuels, and public services ....................................... Household operations .......................................................... Housekeeping supplies ........................................................ Household furnishings and equipment .................................
13 653 7 921 5 247 2 220 455 2 820 730 582 1 600
6 929 4 317 1 761 2 350 206 1 499 211 260 643
6 145 3 690 1 244 2 327 119 1 605 162 257 432
7 457 4 268 1 553 2 591 123 1 945 337 348 558
8 571 4 955 2 170 2 642 143 2 191 397 410 618
9 828 5 635 2 702 2 780 154 2 394 414 426 958
11 259 6 510 3 511 2 794 204 2 666 449 494 1 142
12 728 7 269 4 578 2 389 303 2 906 560 542 1 450
15 106 8 679 6 253 1 986 439 3 217 749 628 1 834
23 693 13 795 11 230 1 400 1 165 3 976 1 597 1 010 3 315
Apparel and Services ........................................................
1 744
1 056
769
912
1 069
1 112
1 503
1 515
1 967
3 139
Transportation .................................................................... Vehicle purchases (net outlay) ............................................. Gasoline and motor oil ......................................................... Other vehicle expenses ....................................................... Public transportation ............................................................
8 041 3 871 1 353 2 416 400
3 041 1 284 648 921 187
2 329 946 532 699 152
3 130 1 397 652 952 129
4 033 1 589 906 1 349 190
5 615 2 607 1 053 1 686 269
6 973 3 264 1 309 2 145 256
7 949 3 686 1 494 2 486 284
10 656 5 407 1 712 3 104 433
14 006 6 964 2 041 4 161 839
Health Care ......................................................................... Health insurance .................................................................. Medical services .................................................................. Drugs ................................................................................... Medical supplies ..................................................................
2 495 1 267 612 501 115
1 010 495 232 236 48
1 249 644 187 365 53
1 834 975 340 456 64
2 015 1 046 345 543 81
2 286 1 190 451 535 111
2 460 1 270 591 490 110
2 629 1 355 660 516 99
2 811 1 461 717 508 125
3 429 1 666 1 008 574 182
Entertainment .....................................................................
2 155
787
616
716
946
1 517
1 742
1 925
2 363
4 270
Personal Care Products and Services .............................
559
270
256
335
362
384
452
533
637
966
Reading ...............................................................................
133
54
47
72
77
95
105
129
144
243
Education ............................................................................
792
1 023
540
361
332
251
320
400
600
1 902
Tobacco Products and Smoking Supplies ......................
307
179
238
257
305
324
323
415
345
290
Miscellaneous ....................................................................
658
336
267
292
418
510
545
693
919
1 008
Cash Contributions ............................................................
1 458
548
305
519
602
904
1 138
1 070
1 383
3 217
Personal Insurance and Pensions ................................... Life and other personal insurance ........................................ Pensions and Social Security ..............................................
4 710 414 4 296
345 110 235
337 112 225
554 142 412
1 054 255 799
1 622 217 1 405
2 810 281 2 529
3 878 347 3 532
5 792 429 5 363
11 705 894 10 811
1Components of income and taxes are derived from "complete income reporters" only.
CONSUMER EXPENDITURES
413
Table 8-4. Consumer Expenditures, Averages by Higher Income Before Taxes, 2003 (Number, dollar, percent.) Complete reporting of income Item
NUMBER OF CONSUMER UNITS (THOUSANDS) ....................................................
Total complete reporting
Less than $70,000
$70,000 to $79,000
$80,000 to $99,999
97 391
73 824
5 121
6 909
11 537
4 384
3 151
4 002
51 128
29 793
74 560
88 832
154 665
108 087
131 885
223 634
$100,000 and over
$100,000 to $120,000 to $119,000 $149,999
$150,000 and over
CONSUMER UNIT CHARACTERISTICS Average Income Before Taxes1 ................................................................................. Taxes1
....................................................................................
48 596
28 752
71 388
84 176
144 146
101 871
121 640
208 186
Age of Reference Person ...........................................................................................
48.4
49.1
45.1
45.9
46.7
45.8
46.4
47.8
Average Number in Consumer Unit Persons ......................................................................................................................... Children under 18 ......................................................................................................... Persons 65 and over ..................................................................................................... Earners ......................................................................................................................... Vehicles ........................................................................................................................
2.5 0.6 0.3 1.3 2.0
2.3 0.6 0.4 1.1 1.7
3.0 0.8 0.1 1.8 2.7
3.0 0.8 0.1 2.0 3.0
3.1 0.8 0.1 2.0 2.8
3.1 0.8 0.1 2.0 2.8
3.1 0.8 0.1 2.1 3.0
3.1 0.9 0.1 1.9 2.8
Percent Distribution Male .............................................................................................................................. Female ..........................................................................................................................
51.0 49.0
48.0 52.0
60.0 40.0
60.0 40.0
59.0 41.0
57.0 43.0
63.0 37.0
59.0 41.0
Percent Homeowner ................................................................................................... With mortgage ............................................................................................................... Without mortgage ..........................................................................................................
66.0 41.0 25.0
59.0 31.0 28.0
83.0 66.0 17.0
88.0 69.0 19.0
92.0 74.0 18.0
91.0 76.0 15.0
91.0 74.0 17.0
94.0 73.0 21.0
AVERAGE ANNUAL EXPENDITURES .......................................................................
42 742
31 737
57 128
65 957
93 515
75 601
86 451
118 674
Food ............................................................................................................................. Food at home ................................................................................................................ Cereals and bakery products .................................................................................... Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs ................................................................................... Dairy products ........................................................................................................... Fruits and vegetables ................................................................................................ Other food at home ................................................................................................... Food away from home ..................................................................................................
5 593 3 236 456 837 343 556 1 044 2 358
4 619 2 862 408 757 304 488 906 1 757
7 548 4 354 617 1 094 455 780 1 407 3 195
7 840 4 136 591 967 457 704 1 417 3 703
9 926 4 726 632 1 183 494 830 1 586 5 201
8 714 4 304 606 1 042 437 741 1 478 4 410
9 689 4 934 619 1 264 530 916 1 605 4 755
11 435 5 023 670 1 274 528 861 1 690 6 411
Average Income After
Alcoholic Beverages ...................................................................................................
442
316
618
589
1 127
785
865
1 703
Housing ........................................................................................................................ Shelter ........................................................................................................................... Owned dwellings ....................................................................................................... Rented dwellings ....................................................................................................... Other lodging ............................................................................................................ Utilities, fuels, and public services ................................................................................ Household operations ................................................................................................... Housekeeping supplies ................................................................................................. Household furnishings and equipment ..........................................................................
13 653 7 921 5 247 2 220 455 2 820 730 582 1 600
10 464 6 046 3 336 2 481 228 2 450 453 453 1 062
17 081 9 912 7 643 1 713 557 3 433 912 769 2 055
19 841 10 899 8 858 1 357 684 3 779 1 168 897 3 098
28 941 17 253 14 242 1 288 1 723 4 336 2 158 1 186 4 008
23 204 13 623 11 269 1 272 1 081 3 895 1 438 1 072 3 177
26 719 16 128 13 211 1 562 1 355 4 146 1 848 1 083 3 514
36 971 22 117 18 310 1 090 2 717 4 969 3 191 1 390 5 304
Apparel and Services .................................................................................................
1 744
1 314
2 549
2 546
3 756
2 695
3 541
5 083
Transportation ............................................................................................................. Vehicle purchases (net outlay) ...................................................................................... Gasoline and motor oil .................................................................................................. Other vehicle expenses ................................................................................................ Public transportation .....................................................................................................
8 041 3 871 1 353 2 416 400
6 138 2 884 1 134 1 860 260
11 540 5 698 1 861 3 531 449
13 295 6 834 2 038 3 842 582
15 526 7 604 2 123 4 632 1 167
14 178 7 295 2 063 4 191 629
15 785 7 932 2 195 4 612 1 046
16 799 7 683 2 133 5 130 1 853
Health Care .................................................................................................................. Health insurance ........................................................................................................... Medical services ........................................................................................................... Drugs ............................................................................................................................ Medical supplies ...........................................................................................................
2 495 1 267 612 501 115
2 199 1 140 485 479 94
2 700 1 400 716 446 138
3 335 1 577 1 032 555 171
3 809 1 837 1 122 642 208
3 465 1 669 972 622 203
3 478 1 718 890 678 192
4 447 2 115 1 470 636 226
Entertainment ..............................................................................................................
2 155
1 484
3 243
3 607
5 124
3 810
4 382
7 147
Personal Care Products and Services ......................................................................
559
433
722
871
1 131
874
1 139
1 405
Reading ........................................................................................................................
133
98
180
202
296
228
293
372
Education .....................................................................................................................
792
439
855
1 082
2 858
2 093
2 165
4 243
Tobacco Products and Smoking Supplies ...............................................................
307
313
325
358
234
243
259
204
Miscellaneous .............................................................................................................
658
547
750
843
1 221
1 267
965
1 373
Cash Contributions .....................................................................................................
1 458
896
1 627
2 173
4 547
2 238
2 698
8 534
Personal Insurance and Pensions ............................................................................ Life and other personal insurance ................................................................................. Pensions and Social Security .......................................................................................
4 710 414 4 296
2 476 261 2 215
7 390 490 6 901
9 375 659 8 715
15 016 1 214 13 802
11 808 729 11 079
14 474 944 13 530
18 958 1 958 17 001
1Components of income and taxes are derived from "complete income reporters" only.
414
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 8-5. Consumer Expenditures, Averages by Quintiles of Income Before Taxes, 2003 (Number, dollar, percent.) Complete reporting of income
Item
NUMBER OF CONSUMER UNITS (THOUSANDS) ................................
Complete reporting of income, total
Lowest 20 percent
Second 20 percent
Third 20 percent
Fourth 20 percent
Highest 20 percent
Incomplete reporting of income
97 391
19 455
19 482
19 472
19 481
19 501
17 965
51 128
8 201
21 478
37 542
61 132
127 146
(1)
CONSUMER UNIT CHARACTERISTICS Average Income Before Taxes1 ............................................................. Taxes1
................................................................
48 596
8 260
20 543
36 363
58 593
119 091
(1)
Age of Reference Person .......................................................................
48.4
51.2
51.4
47.2
45.7
46.3
48.5
Average Number in Consumer Unit Persons .................................................................................................... Children under 18 ..................................................................................... Persons 65 and over ................................................................................ Earners ..................................................................................................... Vehicles ....................................................................................................
2.5 0.6 0.3 1.3 2.0
1.8 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.9
2.3 0.6 0.5 1.0 1.5
2.5 0.7 0.3 1.4 2.0
2.8 0.7 0.2 1.7 2.5
3.1 0.8 0.1 2.0 2.9
2.5 0.6 0.3 1.3 1.8
Percent Distribution Male .......................................................................................................... Female .....................................................................................................
51.0 49.0
37.0 63.0
45.0 55.0
53.0 47.0
58.0 42.0
59.0 41.0
49.0 51.0
Percent Homeowner ............................................................................... With mortgage .......................................................................................... Without mortgage .....................................................................................
66.0 41.0 25.0
41.0 11.0 30.0
55.0 22.0 33.0
65.0 40.0 25.0
79.0 59.0 20.0
90.0 72.0 18.0
71.0 41.0 31.0
AVERAGE ANNUAL EXPENDITURES ..................................................
42 742
18 492
26 729
36 213
50 468
81 731
32 054
Food ......................................................................................................... Food at home ........................................................................................... Cereals and bakery products ............................................................... Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs .............................................................. Dairy products ...................................................................................... Fruits and vegetables ........................................................................... Other food at home .............................................................................. Food away from home ..............................................................................
5 593 3 236 456 837 343 556 1 044 2 358
3 178 2 119 318 550 219 369 664 1 059
4 102 2 713 390 727 289 484 823 1 389
5 098 3 114 429 814 337 538 996 1 983
6 544 3 726 528 982 392 601 1 224 2 818
9 039 4 503 616 1 111 480 788 1 509 4 535
4 593 2 837 403 792 287 480 875 1 756
Average Income After
Alcoholic Beverages ..............................................................................
442
198
230
329
552
902
248
Housing ................................................................................................... Shelter ...................................................................................................... Owned dwellings .................................................................................. Rented dwellings .................................................................................. Other lodging ........................................................................................ Utilities, fuels, and public services ............................................................ Household operations .............................................................................. Housekeeping supplies ............................................................................ Household furnishings and equipment .....................................................
13 653 7 921 5 247 2 220 455 2 820 730 582 1 600
6 858 4 071 1 488 2 442 140 1 719 241 299 528
9 285 5 329 2 466 2 714 149 2 309 406 417 824
11 709 6 770 3 841 2 689 240 2 731 500 481 1 226
15 357 8 838 6 460 1 924 454 3 238 762 660 1 859
25 033 14 585 11 964 1 332 1 290 4 098 1 739 1 051 3 559
12 550 7 704 5 352 1 961 391 2 767 583 387 1 110
Apparel and Services .............................................................................
1 744
913
1 073
1 458
2 018
3 255
1 330
Transportation ........................................................................................ Vehicle purchases (net outlay) ................................................................. Gasoline and motor oil ............................................................................. Other vehicle expenses ............................................................................ Public transportation .................................................................................
8 041 3 871 1 353 2 416 400
2 859 1 240 614 852 154
4 920 2 164 981 1 539 235
7 210 3 367 1 352 2 233 258
10 677 5 351 1 736 3 159 432
14 525 7 229 2 083 4 292 922
6 404 2 975 1 221 1 897 311
Health Care ............................................................................................. Health insurance ...................................................................................... Medical services ....................................................................................... Drugs ........................................................................................................ Medical supplies .......................................................................................
2 495 1 267 612 501 115
1 439 742 262 378 57
2 132 1 124 378 531 100
2 553 1 306 636 504 107
2 745 1 440 695 486 124
3 606 1 723 1 087 607 189
2 055 1 167 480 332 77
Entertainment .........................................................................................
2 155
703
1 307
1 776
2 471
4 516
1 634
Personal Care Products and Services .................................................
559
295
368
484
638
1 011
436
Reading ...................................................................................................
133
58
88
114
151
254
95
Education ................................................................................................
792
576
287
351
623
2 121
752
Tobacco Products and Smoking Supplies ..........................................
307
237
315
347
356
281
195
Miscellaneous .........................................................................................
658
298
461
591
888
1 054
359
Cash Contributions ................................................................................
1 458
449
789
1 071
1 458
3 517
894
Personal Insurance and Pensions ........................................................ Life and other personal insurance ............................................................ Pensions and Social Security ...................................................................
4 710 414 4 296
433 125 308
1 373 226 1 147
3 123 305 2 818
5 990 435 5 555
12 615 979 11 637
508 306 201
1Components of income and taxes are derived from "complete income reporters" only.
CONSUMER EXPENDITURES
415
Table 8-6. Consumer Expenditures, Averages by Age of Reference Person, 2003 (Number, dollar, percent.) Item
NUMBER OF CONSUMER UNITS (THOUSANDS) .........
Under 25 years 25 to 34 years
8 584
19 737
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
24 413
23 131
16 580
65 years and over
22 912
65 to 74 years
11 495
75 years and over
11 417
CONSUMER UNIT CHARACTERISTICS Average Income Before Taxes1 .....................................
20 680
50 389
61 091
68 028
58 672
30 437
35 314
25 492
Average Income After Taxes1 ........................................
20 259
48 410
58 275
64 080
55 844
28 559
33 859
23 185
Age of Reference Person ................................................
21
30
40
49
59
75
69
81
1.8 0.4
2.9 1.1
3.2 1.3
2.6 0.6
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
1.2 1.1
1.5 1.8
1.6 2.1
1.8 2.4
2.1 0.2 0.1 1.4 2.3
1.7 0.1 1.4 0.4 1.5
1.9 0.1 1.4 0.6 1.8
1.3 0.2 1.2
Percent Distribution Male ................................................................................... Female ..............................................................................
49.0 51.0
51.0 49.0
52.0 48.0
51.0 49.0
53.0 47.0
45.0 55.0
50.0 50.0
41.0 59.0
Percent Homeowner ........................................................ With mortgage ................................................................... Without mortgage ..............................................................
15.0 9.0 7.0
48.0 42.0 7.0
69.0 57.0 12.0
76.0 56.0 20.0
82.0 44.0 38.0
80.0 17.0 63.0
83.0 27.0 56.0
78.0 8.0 70.0
AVERAGE ANNUAL EXPENDITURES ...........................
22 396
40 525
47 175
50 101
44 191
29 376
33 629
25 016
Food .................................................................................. Food at home .................................................................... Cereals and bakery products ........................................ Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs ....................................... Dairy products ............................................................... Fruits and vegetables .................................................... Other food at home ....................................................... Food away from home .......................................................
3 401 1 766 256 438 193 272 607 1 636
5 318 2 976 421 769 317 495 974 2 342
6 272 3 600 523 933 388 593 1 164 2 672
6 381 3 693 509 1 002 378 621 1 184 2 688
5 530 3 315 427 914 326 593 1 054 2 215
3 896 2 575 387 661 277 484 767 1 321
4 544 2 888 414 758 308 537 872 1 656
3 208 2 241 358 558 243 428 654 968
Alcoholic Beverages .......................................................
509
446
424
477
372
184
237
128
Housing ............................................................................ Shelter ............................................................................... Owned dwellings ........................................................... Rented dwellings ........................................................... Other lodging ................................................................. Utilities, fuels, and public services ..................................... Household operations ....................................................... Housekeeping supplies ..................................................... Household furnishings and equipment ..............................
7 095 4 574 765 3 593 216 1 329 230 225 737
14 392 8 915 4 837 3 835 243 2 580 872 455 1 571
16 098 9 678 6 940 2 315 423 3 142 949 597 1 731
15 624 9 237 6 893 1 656 688 3 335 633 618 1 801
13 714 7 571 5 769 1 179 623 3 089 604 618 1 831
9 729 5 201 3 515 1 331 355 2 484 635 485 923
10 761 5 764 4 300 1 045 419 2 723 504 590 1 180
8 678 4 635 2 725 1 619 291 2 244 768 373 657
Apparel and Services ......................................................
1 117
1 849
2 091
1 953
1 562
908
1 190
611
Transportation ................................................................. Vehicle purchases (net outlay) .......................................... Gasoline and motor oil ...................................................... Other vehicle expenses ..................................................... Public transportation ..........................................................
4 674 2 241 947 1 299 187
8 106 3 932 1 388 2 446 340
8 892 4 255 1 582 2 643 411
9 766 4 632 1 644 3 013 476
8 680 4 289 1 411 2 484 495
4 824 2 247 792 1 487 298
6 015 2 770 1 019 1 857 370
3 622 1 721 563 1 112 226
Health Care ...................................................................... Health insurance ............................................................... Medical services ................................................................ Drugs ................................................................................. Medical supplies ................................................................
546 281 129 100 37
1 468 810 394 202 62
2 105 1 109 598 301 97
2 479 1 166 718 459 137
3 059 1 572 742 627 118
3 741 2 002 688 905 146
3 626 1 974 681 838 133
3 856 2 031 695 971 159
Entertainment ..................................................................
950
1 958
2 519
2 407
2 414
1 469
2 016
909
Personal Care Products and Services ..........................
326
498
602
616
549
440
491
387 134
Average Number in Consumer Unit Persons ............................................................................. Children under 18 .............................................................. Persons 65 and over ......................................................... Earners .............................................................................. Vehicles .............................................................................
1.5 (2)
Reading ............................................................................
53
99
114
150
168
141
149
Education .........................................................................
1 490
684
694
1 377
743
129
176
81
Tobacco Products and Smoking Supplies ...................
230
285
312
385
337
162
219
105
Miscellaneous ..................................................................
251
532
601
830
675
533
547
519
Cash Contributions .........................................................
371
754
1 256
1 651
1 568
1 969
1 811
2 127
Personal Insurance and Pensions ................................. Life and other personal insurance ..................................... Pensions and Social Security ............................................
1 382 40 1 342
4 137 200 3 937
5 196 382 4 814
6 003 600 5 403
4 819 570 4 249
1 251 388 864
1 847 504 1 342
651 270 382
1Components of income 2Value less than 0.05.
and taxes are derived from "complete income reporters" only.
416
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 8-7. Consumer Expenditures, Averages by Size of Consumer Unit, 2003 (Number, dollar, percent.) Item
NUMBER OF CONSUMER UNITS (THOUSANDS) ................................
Two or more persons
One person
33 929
81 427
Two persons
36 830
Three persons
17 701
Four persons
15 464
Five or more persons
11 432
CONSUMER UNIT CHARACTERISTICS Average Income Before Taxes1 .............................................................
27 131
61 165
55 980
62 780
70 136
63 106
Average Income After Taxes1 ................................................................
25 539
58 240
52 279
60 448
67 298
61 662
Age of Reference Person .......................................................................
51.4
47.1
53.2
43.9
40.9
40.9
Average Number in Consumer Unit Persons ..................................................................................................... Children under 18 ...................................................................................... Persons 65 and over ................................................................................. Earners ...................................................................................................... Vehicles .....................................................................................................
1.0 X 0.3 0.6 1.0
3.1 0.9 0.3 1.6 2.3
2.0 0.1 0.5 1.3 2.2
3.0 0.8 0.2 1.7 2.3
4.0 1.6 0.1 1.9 2.5
5.6 2.7 0.1 2.2 2.5
Percent Distribution Males ......................................................................................................... Females ....................................................................................................
45.0 55.0
52.0 48.0
56.0 44.0
47.0 53.0
51.0 49.0
51.0 49.0
Percent Homeowner ............................................................................... With mortgage ........................................................................................... Without mortgage ......................................................................................
49.0 21.0 29.0
74.0 49.0 25.0
76.0 40.0 36.0
70.0 51.0 19.0
76.0 64.0 12.0
73.0 58.0 15.0
AVERAGE ANNUAL EXPENDITURES ...................................................
23 657
47 921
43 693
47 406
55 201
52 565
Food ......................................................................................................... Food at home ............................................................................................ Cereals and bakery products ................................................................ Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs ............................................................... Dairy products ....................................................................................... Fruits and vegetables ............................................................................ Other food at home ............................................................................... Food away from home ..............................................................................
2 831 1 525 217 359 161 280 507 1 306
6 357 3 778 532 1 013 396 639 1 198 2 579
5 432 3 128 425 824 324 552 1 003 2 304
6 173 3 664 508 976 383 609 1 188 2 509
7 472 4 472 644 1 213 467 740 1 407 3 000
8 178 5 157 772 1 422 555 832 1 577 3 020
Alcoholic Beverages ...............................................................................
280
436
468
419
436
358
Housing .................................................................................................... Shelter ....................................................................................................... Owned dwellings ................................................................................... Rented dwellings ................................................................................... Other lodging ......................................................................................... Utilities, fuels, and public services ............................................................ Household operations ............................................................................... Housekeeping supplies ............................................................................. Household furnishings and equipment ......................................................
8 768 5 614 2 692 2 679 242 1 758 343 284 769
15 369 8 835 6 334 1 971 529 3 250 859 628 1 798
13 536 7 730 5 263 1 869 597 2 905 565 582 1 754
15 596 8 949 6 220 2 229 501 3 320 1 026 636 1 666
18 322 10 622 8 299 1 818 505 3 615 1 337 685 2 064
16 930 9 801 7 304 2 109 388 3 762 899 690 1 778
Apparel and Services ..............................................................................
837
1 968
1 547
1 916
2 503
2 698
Transportation ......................................................................................... Vehicle purchases (net outlay) .................................................................. Gasoline and motor oil .............................................................................. Other vehicle expenses ............................................................................. Public transportation .................................................................................
3 839 1 692 674 1 217 256
9 422 4 582 1 607 2 795 439
8 683 4 363 1 388 2 458 473
9 562 4 644 1 619 2 910 389
10 459 4 929 1 859 3 220 452
10 185 4 720 1 956 3 122 387
Health Care .............................................................................................. Health insurance ....................................................................................... Medical services ........................................................................................ Drugs ......................................................................................................... Medical supplies ........................................................................................
1 558 779 360 356 63
2 774 1 449 687 512 125
3 093 1 597 700 653 142
2 532 1 326 642 450 114
2 581 1 402 694 365 120
2 379 1 224 705 355 95
Entertainment ..........................................................................................
1 041
2 482
2 421
2 263
2 821
2 554
Personal Care Products and Services ..................................................
316
614
563
603
693
689
Reading ....................................................................................................
93
142
159
130
135
110
Education .................................................................................................
498
902
597
938
1 426
1 119
Tobacco Products and Smoking Supplies ...........................................
193
330
310
351
329
364
Miscellaneous ..........................................................................................
423
682
650
658
801
661
Cash Contributions .................................................................................
1 032
1 511
1 810
1 179
1 270
1 385
Personal Insurance and Pensions ......................................................... Life and other personal insurance ............................................................. Pensions and Social Security ....................................................................
1 948 159 1 790
4 933 497 4 436
4 424 496 3 928
5 087 488 4 599
5 952 498 5 454
4 956 511 4 446
1Components of income and taxes are derived from "complete income reporters" only. X = Not applicable.
CONSUMER EXPENDITURES
417
Table 8-8. Consumer Expenditures, Averages by Composition of Consumer Unit, 2003 (Number, dollar, percent.) Husband and wife consumer units Husband and wife with children Item
Husband and wife only
Total
NUMBER OF CONSUMER UNITS (THOUSANDS) .........
58 448
25 132
Oldest child Oldest child 6 under 6 years to 17 years
Total
28 584
5 496
15 047
Oldest child 18 years or over
Other husband and wife consumer units
8 041
4 732
One parent, Single person at least one and other child under consumer 18 years units
6 999
49 909
CONSUMER UNIT CHARACTERISTICS Average Income Before Taxes1 ......................................
69 472
62 930
75 557
66 317
77 508
78 307
66 597
29 154
32 970
Average Income After Taxes1 .........................................
65 839
58 260
72 564
64 106
74 270
75 236
64 547
28 846
31 399
Age of Reference Person ................................................
48.6
56.8
41.6
32.1
40.0
51.2
47.3
37.4
49.6
Average Number in Consumer Unit Persons .............................................................................. Children under 18 .............................................................. Persons 65 and over .......................................................... Earners .............................................................................. Vehicles .............................................................................
3.2 0.9 0.3 1.7 2.6
2.0 X 0.6 1.2 2.4
3.9 1.6 0.1 2.0 2.7
3.5 1.5
4.1 2.1 (2)
1.7 2.1
1.8 2.6
4.0 0.7 0.2 2.6 3.3
4.9 1.4 0.4 2.3 2.8
2.9 1.8
(2)
1.0 1.2
1.6 0.2 0.3 1.0 1.3
Percent Distribution Males ................................................................................. Females .............................................................................
61.0 39.0
64.0 36.0
57.0 43.0
58.0 42.0
55.0 45.0
60.0 40.0
61.0 39.0
16.0 84.0
43.0 57.0
Percent Homeowner ........................................................ With mortgage ................................................................... Without mortgage ..............................................................
83.0 56.0 27.0
85.0 43.0 42.0
82.0 68.0 14.0
72.0 64.0 8.0
81.0 70.0 12.0
90.0 66.0 24.0
78.0 55.0 23.0
40.0 30.0 10.0
52.0 24.0 27.0
AVERAGE ANNUAL EXPENDITURES ............................
53 030
47 896
57 702
51 503
59 183
59 180
52 110
30 535
27 867
Food .................................................................................. Food at home ..................................................................... Cereals and bakery products ......................................... Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs ........................................ Dairy products ................................................................ Fruits and vegetables .................................................... Other food at home ........................................................ Food away from home .......................................................
6 864 4 047 571 1 077 427 688 1 285 2 817
5 927 3 402 458 912 352 606 1 074 2 525
7 553 4 476 652 1 169 485 735 1 435 3 077
6 224 3 952 547 890 444 672 1 399 2 272
7 844 4 551 691 1 213 497 723 1 428 3 293
7 937 4 710 650 1 283 491 808 1 479 3 226
7 732 4 993 692 1 461 468 858 1 515 2 739
4 804 2 979 445 787 307 455 985 1 826
3 577 2 039 285 525 211 363 656 1 538
(2)
Alcoholic Beverages .......................................................
447
478
440
445
429
459
288
220
348
Housing ............................................................................ Shelter ............................................................................... Owned dwellings ............................................................ Rented dwellings ........................................................... Other lodging ................................................................. Utilities, fuels, and public services ..................................... Household operations ........................................................ Housekeeping supplies ...................................................... Household furnishings and equipment ..............................
16 648 9 480 7 433 1 405 642 3 444 970 699 2 055
14 352 8 001 5 973 1 280 748 3 075 596 659 2 021
18 679 10 812 8 773 1 455 584 3 695 1 316 734 2 122
19 303 10 963 8 440 2 204 319 3 030 2 365 645 2 300
19 235 11 292 9 213 1 488 591 3 745 1 286 728 2 183
17 215 9 812 8 175 883 753 4 055 656 813 1 880
16 533 9 289 7 100 1 764 425 3 882 865 683 1 814
11 772 7 152 3 234 3 724 195 2 595 725 349 951
9 885 6 125 3 006 2 870 249 2 101 397 348 914
Apparel and Services ......................................................
2 085
1 632
2 431
2 232
2 614
2 219
2 441
1 799
1 085
Transportation ................................................................. Vehicle purchases (net outlay) .......................................... Gasoline and motor oil ....................................................... Other vehicle expenses ..................................................... Public transportation ..........................................................
10 627 5 308 1 740 3 078 501
9 580 4 933 1 463 2 638 547
11 546 5 713 1 949 3 418 466
9 832 4 953 1 613 2 925 342
11 526 5 849 1 927 3 261 489
12 755 5 977 2 220 4 049 509
10 658 4 858 1 956 3 381 463
4 592 1 734 993 1 632 234
4 893 2 166 903 1 553 271
Health Care ....................................................................... Health insurance ................................................................ Medical services ................................................................ Drugs ................................................................................. Medical supplies ................................................................
3 202 1 663 809 584 146
3 713 1 906 847 792 167
2 760 1 455 783 391 131
2 177 1 253 536 296 92
2 764 1 429 844 361 130
3 151 1 642 838 514 157
3 157 1 623 767 644 123
1 201 644 330 164 63
1 666 855 372 371 68
Entertainment ...................................................................
2 793
2 699
2 958
2 401
3 414
2 478
2 295
1 453
1 281
Personal Care Products and Services ...........................
668
617
713
559
713
821
670
459
369
Reading .............................................................................
163
186
149
121
151
167
118
64
95
Education .........................................................................
1 053
610
1 510
413
1 438
2 393
639
493
508
Tobacco Products and Smoking Supplies ....................
300
275
298
220
291
365
447
230
286
Miscellaneous ..................................................................
712
638
778
626
696
1 035
702
510
494
Cash Contributions .........................................................
1 762
2 174
1 441
1 060
1 430
1 723
1 507
622
1 016
Personal Insurance and Pensions ................................. Life and other personal insurance ..................................... Pensions and Social Security ............................................
5 707 599 5 108
5 015 625 4 390
6 445 585 5 860
5 891 378 5 513
6 638 618 6 021
6 462 665 5 798
4 923 550 4 374
2 315 181 2 134
2 365 191 2 174
1Components of income 2Value less than 0.05.
X = Not applicable.
and taxes are derived from "complete income reporters" only.
418
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 8-9. Consumer Expenditures, Averages by Number of Earners, 2003 (Number, dollar, percent.) Single consumer
Consumer units of two or more persons
Item No earner
NUMBER OF CONSUMER UNITS (THOUSANDS) ...................................
One earner
No earner
One earner
Two earners
Three or more earners
12 482
21 447
10 056
23 586
38 486
9 299
14 696
33 732
27 491
47 408
73 689
80 310
CONSUMER UNIT CHARACTERISTICS Average Income Before Taxes1 ............................................................... Taxes1
..................................................................
14 581
31 356
25 216
45 835
69 932
76 640
Age of Reference Person ..........................................................................
68.6
41.4
65.0
46.5
43.0
46.2
Average Number in Consumer Unit Persons ....................................................................................................... Children under 18 ........................................................................................ Persons 65 and over ................................................................................... Earners ........................................................................................................ Vehicles .......................................................................................................
1.0 X 0.7 X 0.8
1.0 X 0.1 1.0 1.1
2.4 0.4 1.2 X 1.7
3.0 1.1 0.3 1.0 1.9
3.0 0.9 0.1 2.0 2.5
4.4 1.0 0.1 3.4 3.2
Percent Distribution Males ........................................................................................................... Females .......................................................................................................
31.0 69.0
54.0 46.0
54.0 46.0
45.0 55.0
56.0 44.0
54.0 46.0
Percent Homeowner .................................................................................. With mortgage ............................................................................................. Without mortgage ........................................................................................
59.0 9.0 50.0
44.0 27.0 16.0
77.0 19.0 58.0
67.0 41.0 26.0
76.0 59.0 18.0
81.0 62.0 18.0
AVERAGE ANNUAL EXPENDITURES .....................................................
17 431
27 277
29 730
41 737
53 621
59 832
Food ............................................................................................................ Food at home .............................................................................................. Cereals and bakery products .................................................................. Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs ................................................................. Dairy products ......................................................................................... Fruits and vegetables .............................................................................. Other food at home ................................................................................. Food away from home .................................................................................
2 330 1 567 244 369 163 310 481 763
3 120 1 501 202 353 160 263 522 1 620
4 483 3 047 443 819 323 546 915 1 436
5 652 3 590 515 957 385 621 1 113 2 063
6 824 3 830 530 1 028 396 631 1 245 2 995
8 300 4 835 684 1 302 501 811 1 536 3 466
Average Income After
Alcoholic Beverages .................................................................................
123
370
211
347
534
518
Housing ...................................................................................................... Shelter ......................................................................................................... Owned dwellings ..................................................................................... Rented dwellings ..................................................................................... Other lodging ........................................................................................... Utilities, fuels, and public services ............................................................... Household operations ................................................................................. Housekeeping supplies ............................................................................... Household furnishings and equipment ........................................................
7 140 4 097 1 955 1 984 157 1 720 493 293 538
9 714 6 496 3 121 3 084 292 1 781 256 279 902
10 116 5 173 3 287 1 419 468 2 712 567 506 1 157
14 285 8 302 5 572 2 306 423 3 077 747 566 1 594
16 866 9 787 7 261 1 952 574 3 310 1 038 673 2 056
17 632 10 206 7 725 1 799 681 4 023 713 738 1 953
Apparel and Services ................................................................................
590
980
965
1 878
2 159
2 507
Transportation ........................................................................................... Vehicle purchases (net outlay) .................................................................... Gasoline and motor oil ................................................................................ Other vehicle expenses ............................................................................... Public transportation ....................................................................................
2 229 912 398 746 172
4 776 2 145 835 1 491 305
5 108 2 227 933 1 600 348
7 569 3 569 1 353 2 287 360
10 882 5 541 1 768 3 087 487
12 747 5 728 2 317 4 163 539
Health Care ................................................................................................ Health insurance ......................................................................................... Medical services .......................................................................................... Drugs ........................................................................................................... Medical supplies ..........................................................................................
2 192 1 158 384 580 70
1 189 558 346 226 58
3 790 2 091 673 862 164
2 573 1 301 630 530 113
2 626 1 359 720 427 120
2 796 1 500 711 446 140
Entertainment ............................................................................................
741
1 216
1 719
2 113
2 887
2 581
Personal Care Products and Services ....................................................
265
345
429
533
664
813
Reading ......................................................................................................
85
98
139
123
150
155
Education ...................................................................................................
213
664
289
673
947
1 957
Tobacco Products and Smoking Supplies .............................................
156
215
196
321
340
456
Miscellaneous ............................................................................................
308
490
533
608
721
872
Cash Contributions ...................................................................................
872
1 124
1 330
1 506
1 508
1 728
Personal Insurance and Pensions ........................................................... Life and other personal insurance ............................................................... Pensions and Social Security ......................................................................
186 165 221
2 974 155 2 819
422 368 53
3 556 461 3 094
6 512 519 5 993
6 770 633 6 138
1Components of income and taxes are derived 2Data are likely to have large sampling errors.
X = Not applicable.
from "complete income reporters" only.
CONSUMER EXPENDITURES
419
Table 8-10. Consumer Expenditures, Averages by Occupation of Reference Person, 2003 (Number, dollar, percent.) Wage and salary earners
Item
NUMBER OF CONSUMER UNITS (THOUSANDS) ...........
Selfemployed workers
4 987
Total wage Managers and salary and earners professionals
76 802
28 105
Technical sales and clerical workers
21 533
Service workers
11 621
Construction Operators, workers and fabricators, mechanics and laborers
4 780
10 764
Retired
19 592
All others, including not reporting
13 976
CONSUMER UNIT CHARACTERISTICS Average Income Before Taxes1 ........................................
58 302
58 773
83 126
50 321
35 496
50 805
41 020
27 695
37 616
Average Income After Taxes1 ...........................................
55 982
55 691
77 733
48 018
34 529
48 388
39 811
26 157
36 823
Age of Reference Person ..................................................
52.0
42.2
43.5
41.2
41.8
39.5
42.0
73.8
45.6
Average Number in Consumer Unit Persons ................................................................................ Children under 18 ................................................................ Persons 65 and over ............................................................ Earners ................................................................................ Vehicles ...............................................................................
2.4 0.5 0.4 1.6 2.3
2.6 0.7 0.1 1.7 2.1
2.6 0.7 0.1 1.7 2.2
2.5 0.7 0.1 1.7 2.0
2.7 0.8 0.1 1.7 1.7
2.9 0.9 0.1 1.8 2.4
2.8 0.9 0.1 1.7 2.1
1.7 0.1 1.2 0.2 1.6
2.8 0.9 0.2 0.7 1.6
Percent Distribution Male ..................................................................................... Female .................................................................................
64 36
54 46
53 47
44 56
45 55
93 7
72 28
45 55
29 71
Percent Homeowner .......................................................... With mortgage ...................................................................... Without mortgage .................................................................
81 44 37
65 48 16
75 59 16
62 46 16
49 34 15
65 51 14
59 39 19
81 19 62
56 30 26
AVERAGE ANNUAL EXPENDITURES ..............................
51 006
44 934
58 236
40 564
32 066
40 620
34 603
28 418
32 042
Food .................................................................................... Food at home ....................................................................... Cereals and bakery products ........................................... Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs .......................................... Dairy products .................................................................. Fruits and vegetables ....................................................... Other food at home .......................................................... Food away from home .........................................................
6 563 3 617 493 1 049 344 636 1 095 2 946
5 743 3 229 451 840 339 542 1 058 2 514
6 743 3 521 487 852 379 618 1 185 3 222
5 317 2 972 418 771 312 490 981 2 345
4 531 2 764 383 768 275 462 875 1 766
5 924 3 590 490 1 050 367 551 1 132 2 333
5 125 3 267 471 914 335 522 1 025 1 857
3 937 2 594 389 662 278 490 775 1 343
4 698 3 162 447 885 338 522 971 1 535
Alcoholic Beverages ..........................................................
557
455
597
415
358
373
300
208
248
567 193 290 535 367 2 773 648 494 1 459
10 888 6 658 3 493 2 935 231 2 494 394 426 916
12 520 7 346 5 002 2 116 228 2 813 628 456 1 277
10 614 6 162 3 747 2 244 171 2 630 368 375 1 079
9 813 5 204 3 538 1 281 385 2 493 623 489 1 005
11 251 6 430 3 783 2 337 309 2 600 494 471 1 256
1 778
1 348
1 414
1 454
911
1 509
7 3 1 2
6 3 1 1
9 5 1 2
7 4 1 2
931 113 452 173 192
4 805 2 157 825 1 511 312
6 028 3 006 1 089 1 687 246
Housing ............................................................................... Shelter .................................................................................. Owned dwellings .............................................................. Rented dwellings .............................................................. Other lodging ................................................................... Utilities, fuels, and public services ....................................... Household operations .......................................................... Housekeeping supplies ........................................................ Household furnishings and equipment .................................
14 8 6 1
996 650 422 457 772 3 122 869 593 1 761
14 8 5 2
652 788 897 427 464 2 911 757 546 1 651
Apparel And Services ........................................................
1 691
1 854
Transportation .................................................................... Vehicle purchases (net outlay) ............................................. Gasoline and motor oil ......................................................... Other vehicle expenses ....................................................... Public transportation ............................................................
9 4 1 2
8 4 1 2
Health Care ......................................................................... Health insurance .................................................................. Medical services .................................................................. Drugs ................................................................................... Medical supplies ..................................................................
325 512 510 643 659
18 11 8 2
940 375 331 257 787 3 313 1 161 713 2 378 2 343
13 8 5 2
758 215 495 637 411
10 469 4 927 1 622 3 254 666
907 689 423 465 329
626 169 271 936 249
576 170 715 521 170
3 794 1 849 1 051 759 135
2 098 1 082 557 357 101
2 708 1 360 782 434 132
1 972 1 027 490 361 93
1 554 841 350 296 67
1 697 908 442 253 95
1 521 805 380 261 75
3 623 1 996 655 836 137
1 981 926 522 444 89
Entertainment .....................................................................
2 866
2 231
3 096
1 993
1 371
1 801
1 564
1 560
1 515
Personal Care Products and Services .............................
580
571
724
541
446
459
415
420
423
Reading ...............................................................................
174
128
197
108
72
77
72
143
83
Education ............................................................................
813
963
1 554
759
622
513
395
164
654
Tobacco Products and Smoking Supplies ......................
297
309
210
292
338
596
440
168
353
Miscellaneous ....................................................................
1 124
641
815
589
397
543
593
513
359
Cash Contributions ............................................................
2 661
1 380
2 221
1 004
716
1 036
803
1 355
875
Personal Insurance and Pensions ................................... Life and other personal insurance ........................................ Pensions and Social Security ..............................................
5 565 593 4 972
5 151 421 4 730
7 617 609 7 008
4 323 357 3 966
2 798 245 2 553
4 090 322 3 767
3 376 290 3 086
797 335 462
2 065 285 1 780
1Components
of income and taxes are derived from "complete income reporters" only.
420
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 8-11. Consumer Expenditures, Averages by Housing Tenure and Type of Area, 2003 (Number, dollar, percent.) Housing tenure
Type of area
Homeowner
Urban
Item Homeowner with mortgage
Total
NUMBER OF CONSUMER UNITS (THOUSANDS) ...........
77 194
47 104
Homeowner without mortgage
30 090
Renter
Rural Total
38 163
Central city
101 047
34 423
Other urban
66 625
14 309
CONSUMER UNIT CHARACTERISTICS Average Income Before Taxes1 ........................................
62 053
72 831
44 609
29 827
52 728
43 768
57 352
40 140
Average Income After Taxes1 ...........................................
58 739
69 112
41 951
28 822
50 075
41 234
54 638
38 439
Age of Reference Person ..................................................
52
46
62
41
48
47
49
51
Average Number In Consumer Unit Persons ................................................................................ Children under 18 ................................................................ Persons 65 and over ............................................................ Earners ................................................................................ Vehicles ...............................................................................
2.6 0.7 0.4 1.4 2.3
3.0 0.9 0.2 1.7 2.5
2.1 0.3 0.7 1.0 2.0
2.2 0.6 0.1 1.2 1.1
2.5 0.6 0.3 1.3 1.9
2.4 0.6 0.3 1.2 1.5
2.6 0.7 0.3 1.4 2.1
2.4 0.6 0.4 1.3 2.5
Percent Distribution Males ................................................................................... Females ...............................................................................
52 48
54 46
50 50
46 54
50 50
47 53
52 48
50 50
Percent Homeowner .......................................................... With mortgage ...................................................................... Without mortgage .................................................................
100 61 39
100 100 X
100 X 100
X X X
65 41 24
52 32 21
72 46 26
80 39 41
AVERAGE ANNUAL EXPENDITURES ..............................
47 396
55 419
34 467
27 522
41 619
36 444
44 297
35 157
Food .................................................................................... Food at home ....................................................................... Cereals and bakery products ........................................... Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs .......................................... Dairy products .................................................................. Fruits and vegetables ....................................................... Other food at home .......................................................... Food away from home .........................................................
5 917 3 447 491 894 365 588 1 110 2 470
6 473 3 667 515 956 388 611 1 196 2 806
4 851 3 015 442 772 318 543 940 1 837
4 177 2 489 344 685 254 430 777 1 688
5 413 3 142 446 819 329 547 1 001 2 271
4 962 2 892 403 768 298 512 909 2 070
5 648 3 272 468 845 345 566 1 049 2 375
4 821 3 035 414 863 322 452 985 1 786
Alcoholic Beverages ..........................................................
418
487
284
337
405
378
420
292
Housing ............................................................................... Shelter .................................................................................. Owned dwellings .............................................................. Rented dwellings .............................................................. Other lodging ................................................................... Utilities, fuels, and public services ....................................... Household operations .......................................................... Housekeeping supplies ........................................................ Household furnishings and equipment .................................
15 186 8 471 7 832 64 576 3 321 882 631 1 880
18 960 11 488 10 792 55 640 3 616 1 015 673 2 168
9 221 3 749 3 197 78 474 2 860 673 549 1 390
9 886 6 706 67 6 459 181 1 780 354 323 723
13 971 8 325 5 491 2 369 465 2 834 748 528 1 536
12 501 7 637 4 098 3 175 363 2 524 652 452 1 235
14 732 8 681 6 210 1 953 518 2 994 798 567 1 692
9 623 4 797 3 653 840 303 2 652 416 538 1 220
Apparel and Services ........................................................
1 809
2 116
1 253
1 300
1 700
1 597
1 754
1 215
Transportation .................................................................... Vehicle purchases (net outlay) ............................................. Gasoline and motor oil ......................................................... Other vehicle expenses ....................................................... Public transportation ............................................................
9 199 4 505 1 529 2 727 437
10 788 5 300 1 753 3 250 485
6 708 3 261 1 179 1 906 362
4 912 2 167 936 1 529 279
7 659 3 578 1 297 2 367 417
6 609 3 145 1 055 1 990 419
8 202 3 802 1 422 2 562 416
8 639 4 814 1 587 2 078 160
Health Care ......................................................................... Health insurance .................................................................. Medical services .................................................................. Drugs ................................................................................... Medical supplies ..................................................................
3 009 1 564 739 575 131
2 773 1 439 747 458 129
3 386 1 760 727 765 135
1 218 619 292 248 58
2 390 1 236 594 454 107
2 045 993 530 421 102
2 568 1 361 627 471 110
2 600 1 365 569 560 107
Entertainment .....................................................................
2 525
2 921
1 901
1 119
2 076
1 629
2 307
1 942
Personal Care Products and Services .............................
599
658
492
382
544
500
567
408
Reading ...............................................................................
155
158
149
72
133
119
141
86
Education ............................................................................
843
1 071
480
662
845
718
911
348
Tobacco Products and Smoking Supplies ......................
283
310
242
302
278
261
287
372
Miscellaneous ....................................................................
720
780
626
376
615
509
670
541
Cash Contributions ............................................................
1 742
1 650
1 887
616
1 428
1 207
1 543
956
Personal Insurance and Pensions ................................... Life and other personal insurance ........................................ Pensions and Social Security ..............................................
4 992 527 4 464
6 273 626 5 647
2 986 373 2 612
2 161 134 2 027
4 161 400 3 760
3 410 308 3 102
4 548 448 4 100
3 312 375 2 937
1Components of income and taxes are derived from "complete income reporters" only. X = Not applicable.
CONSUMER EXPENDITURES
421
Table 8-12. Consumer Expenditures, Averages by Region of Residence, 2003 (Number, dollar, percent.) Item
Northeast
NUMBER OF CONSUMER UNITS (THOUSANDS) ...........
Midwest
South
West
22 182
26 438
41 325
25 412
56 513
52 445
46 729
52 506
CONSUMER UNIT CHARACTERISTICS Average Income Before Taxes1 ........................................ Taxes1
...........................................
54 219
49 591
44 461
49 667
Age of Reference Person ..................................................
49.8
48.8
48.2
47.1
Average Number in Consumer Unit Persons ................................................................................ Children under 18 ................................................................ Persons 65 and over ............................................................ Earners ................................................................................ Vehicles ...............................................................................
2.4 0.6 0.3 1.3 1.7
2.5 0.6 0.3 1.4 2.1
2.5 0.6 0.3 1.3 1.9
2.6 0.7 0.3 1.4 2.0
Percent Distribution Males ................................................................................... Females ...............................................................................
52.0 48.0
51.0 49.0
49.0 51.0
51.0 49.0
Percent Homeowner .......................................................... With mortgage ...................................................................... Without mortgage .................................................................
64.0 37.0 27.0
70.0 42.0 28.0
69.0 40.0 28.0
63.0 43.0 20.0
AVERAGE ANNUAL EXPENDITURES ..............................
42 162
40 280
37 625
45 381
Food .................................................................................... Food at home ....................................................................... Cereals and bakery products ........................................... Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs .......................................... Dairy products .................................................................. Fruits and vegetables ....................................................... Other food at home .......................................................... Food away from home .........................................................
5 730 3 306 485 889 353 586 994 2 424
5 088 2 904 411 734 323 472 962 2 184
4 960 2 996 413 835 298 489 961 1 964
5 876 3 428 482 849 359 633 1 104 2 449
Alcoholic Beverages ..........................................................
427
403
345
421
Housing ............................................................................... Shelter .................................................................................. Owned dwellings .............................................................. Rented dwellings .............................................................. Other lodging ................................................................... Utilities, fuels, and public services ....................................... Household operations .......................................................... Housekeeping supplies ........................................................ Household furnishings and equipment .................................
14 811 9 134 5 932 2 664 537 2 889 813 523 1 452
12 634 7 086 4 908 1 720 458 2 855 614 575 1 504
12 006 6 660 4 528 1 802 330 2 891 666 496 1 294
15 371 9 630 6 244 2 848 538 2 569 778 537 1 858
Apparel and Services ........................................................
1 859
1 563
1 451
1 834
Transportation .................................................................... Vehicle purchases (net outlay) ............................................. Gasoline and motor oil ......................................................... Other vehicle expenses ....................................................... Public transportation ............................................................
7 043 3 040 1 157 2 307 539
7 817 3 775 1 357 2 314 371
7 621 3 893 1 321 2 154 253
8 645 4 028 1 479 2 659 479
Health Care ......................................................................... Health insurance .................................................................. Medical services .................................................................. Drugs ................................................................................... Medical supplies ..................................................................
2 127 1 237 448 358 84
2 586 1 332 621 513 119
2 396 1 223 563 520 90
2 525 1 227 729 426 143
Entertainment .....................................................................
2 117
1 978
1 812
2 494
Personal Care Products and Services .............................
532
499
494
606
Reading ...............................................................................
153
141
93
146
Education ............................................................................
1 040
796
581
875
Tobacco Products and Smoking Supplies ......................
306
363
275
224
Average Income After
Miscellaneous ....................................................................
548
647
556
695
Cash Contributions ............................................................
1 161
1 469
1 344
1 491
Personal Insurance and Pensions ................................... Life and other personal insurance ........................................ Pensions and Social Security ..............................................
4 308 454 3 855
4 295 423 3 872
3 690 381 3 309
4 179 347 3 832
1Components
of income and taxes are derived from "complete income reporters" only.
422
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 8-13. Consumer Expenditures, Averages by Population Size of Area of Residence, 2003 (Number, dollar, percent.)
Item
NUMBER OF CONSUMER UNITS (THOUSANDS) .....................................
Outside urbanized area
All urbanized area consumer units
Urbanized area consumer units Less than 100,000
100,000 to 249,000
250,000 to 999,999
1,000,000 to 2,499,000
2,500, 000 to 4,999,999
5,000,000 and over
44 208
71 149
9 148
12 114
10 528
16 547
10 340
12 472
46 893
53 785
40 234
44 131
52 325
55 281
64 595
63 343
CONSUMER UNIT CHARACTERISTICS Average Income Before Taxes1 .................................................................. Taxes1
.....................................................................
44 358
51 255
39 258
41 812
49 242
52 484
60 885
61 280
Age of Reference Person ............................................................................
49.5
47.7
47.7
45.7
48.4
48.4
46.5
48.9
Average Number in Consumer Unit Persons ......................................................................................................... Children under 18 .......................................................................................... Persons 65 and over ..................................................................................... Earners .......................................................................................................... Vehicles .........................................................................................................
2.5 0.6 0.3 1.3 2.3
2.5 0.7 0.3 1.3 1.7
2.3 0.6 0.3 1.2 1.8
2.4 0.7 0.3 1.3 1.7
2.4 0.6 0.3 1.3 1.8
2.5 0.6 0.3 1.3 1.8
2.6 0.7 0.2 1.4 1.7
2.7 0.7 0.3 1.4 1.5
Percent Distribution Males ............................................................................................................. Females .........................................................................................................
51 49
49 51
47 53
49 51
49 51
49 51
52 48
51 49
Percent Homeowner .................................................................................... With mortgage ............................................................................................... Without mortgage ..........................................................................................
76 42 34
61 40 21
61 34 26
60 38 22
63 41 22
65 46 19
63 41 22
56 37 19
AVERAGE ANNUAL EXPENDITURES .......................................................
38 340
42 342
33 376
38 866
39 103
44 006
46 751
49 118
Food .............................................................................................................. Food at home ................................................................................................ Cereals and bakery products .................................................................... Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs ................................................................... Dairy products ........................................................................................... Fruits and vegetables ................................................................................ Other food at home ................................................................................... Food away from home ...................................................................................
4 961 2 980 421 785 319 470 985 1 981
5 565 3 218 454 848 334 574 1 008 2 348
4 600 2 898 416 780 298 468 936 1 701
5 059 3 049 447 733 328 522 1 019 2 010
5 030 2 891 423 756 299 478 935 2 139
5 731 3 379 460 899 357 616 1 047 2 352
5 769 3 149 420 855 307 568 999 2 620
6 807 3 747 538 1 018 387 737 1 067 3 061
Average Income After
Alcoholic Beverages ...................................................................................
345
419
281
378
339
458
503
498
Housing ........................................................................................................ Shelter ........................................................................................................... Owned dwellings ....................................................................................... Rented dwellings ....................................................................................... Other lodging ............................................................................................. Utilities, fuels, and public services ................................................................. Household operations ................................................................................... Housekeeping supplies ................................................................................. Household furnishings and equipment ..........................................................
11 606 6 299 4 735 1 151 413 2 782 543 541 1 442
14 566 8 874 5 591 2 819 465 2 830 809 522 1 531
10 467 5 698 3 586 1 771 341 2 583 558 466 1 161
12 517 7 265 4 574 2 354 336 2 537 723 529 1 462
12 856 7 490 4 674 2 381 435 2 890 712 445 1 320
15 180 9 146 5 918 2 717 512 2 938 828 542 1 726
16 460 10 552 6 723 3 319 511 3 029 895 530 1 454
18 625 12 185 7 450 4 129 605 2 936 1 063 588 1 853
Apparel and Services ..................................................................................
1 351
1 815
1 217
1 675
1 501
1 742
2 153
2 444
Transportation ............................................................................................. Vehicle purchases (net outlay) ...................................................................... Gasoline and motor oil .................................................................................. Other vehicle expenses ................................................................................. Public transportation ......................................................................................
8 180 4 192 1 497 2 240 252
7 532 3 446 1 231 2 387 467
6 615 3 216 1 147 1 970 282
7 571 3 940 1 161 2 135 335
7 101 3 259 1 268 2 202 372
7 970 3 637 1 268 2 635 429
8 179 3 837 1 291 2 510 541
7 412 2 715 1 230 2 664 804
Health Care .................................................................................................. Health insurance ........................................................................................... Medical services ............................................................................................ Drugs ............................................................................................................. Medical supplies ............................................................................................
2 583 1 384 587 511 102
2 313 1 170 594 439 111
2 216 1 079 549 483 105
2 429 1 125 688 466 151
2 278 1 121 611 454 93
2 427 1 256 585 477 109
2 253 1 213 540 394 106
2 199 1 169 577 357 95
Entertainment ..............................................................................................
2 146
2 009
1 786
1 957
2 020
2 112
1 879
2 188
Personal Care Products and Services ......................................................
461
567
477
492
527
581
593
702
Reading ........................................................................................................
116
134
123
135
135
132
134
145
Education .....................................................................................................
646
869
609
852
681
786
959
1 269
Tobacco Products and Smoking Supplies ...............................................
330
265
292
240
331
264
247
227
Miscellaneous ..............................................................................................
607
605
442
582
719
614
649
601
Cash Contributions .....................................................................................
1 274
1 429
1 120
1 443
1 411
1 544
1 632
1 339
Personal Insurance and Pensions ............................................................. Life and other personal insurance ................................................................. Pensions and Social Security ........................................................................
3 735 403 3 332
4 254 394 3 861
3 131 313 2 818
3 536 330 3 206
4 172 424 3 748
4 467 438 4 029
5 343 381 4 961
4 661 440 4 221
1Components of income and taxes are derived from "complete income reporters" only.
CONSUMER EXPENDITURES
423
Table 8-14. Consumer Expenditures, Averages by Race of Reference Person, 2003 (Number, dollar, percent.) White, Asian, and Other races Item
Black Total
NUMBER OF CONSUMER UNITS (THOUSANDS) .....................................
White and Other races
101 614
98 041
Asian
3 573
13 743
CONSUMER UNIT CHARACTERISTICS Average Income Before Taxes1 ..................................................................
53 292
53 039
60 393
34 485
Average Income After Taxes1 .....................................................................
50 557
50 309
57 511
33 519
Age of Reference Person ............................................................................
48.6
48.8
42.4
46.7
Average Number in Consumer Unit Persons ......................................................................................................... Children under 18 .......................................................................................... Persons 65 and over ..................................................................................... Earners .......................................................................................................... Vehicles .........................................................................................................
2.5 0.6 0.3 1.3 2.0
2.5 0.6 0.3 1.3 2.1
2.8 0.7 0.2 1.5 1.6
2.6 0.9 0.2 1.2 1.3
Percent Distribution Males ............................................................................................................. Females .........................................................................................................
52.0 48.0
52.0 48.0
62.0 38.0
36.0 64.0
Percent Homeowner .................................................................................... With mortgage ............................................................................................... Without mortgage ..........................................................................................
69.0 42.0 27.0
70.0 42.0 28.0
57.0 42.0 15.0
49.0 30.0 19.0
AVERAGE ANNUAL EXPENDITURES .......................................................
42 451
42 360
44 923
28 708
Food .............................................................................................................. Food at home ................................................................................................ Cereals and bakery products .................................................................... Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs ................................................................... Dairy products ........................................................................................... Fruits and vegetables ................................................................................ Other food at home ................................................................................... Food away from home ...................................................................................
5 518 3 191 451 817 342 548 1 033 2 327
5 488 3 186 452 811 345 539 1 040 2 302
6 285 3 302 437 978 247 788 852 2 983
4 007 2 664 370 882 227 438 747 1 343
Alcoholic Beverages ...................................................................................
421
425
308
169
Housing ........................................................................................................ Shelter ........................................................................................................... Owned dwellings ....................................................................................... Rented dwellings ....................................................................................... Other lodging ............................................................................................. Utilities, fuels, and public services ................................................................. Household operations ................................................................................... Housekeeping supplies ................................................................................. Household furnishings and equipment ..........................................................
13 811 8 127 5 563 2 076 488 2 798 742 552 1 593
13 719 8 026 5 517 2 018 491 2 808 740 555 1 591
16 326 10 902 6 835 3 661 406 2 536 783 471 1 634
10 622 6 117 3 042 2 946 129 2 910 453 357 785
Apparel and Services ..................................................................................
1 645
1 642
1 736
1 601
Transportation ............................................................................................. Vehicle purchases (net outlay) ...................................................................... Gasoline and motor oil .................................................................................. Other vehicle expenses ................................................................................. Public transportation ......................................................................................
8 147 3 953 1 376 2 412 406
8 172 3 988 1 378 2 414 393
7 454 2 992 1 313 2 383 766
5 074 2 097 1 016 1 728 233
Health Care .................................................................................................. Health insurance ........................................................................................... Medical services ............................................................................................ Drugs ............................................................................................................. Medical supplies ............................................................................................
2 566 1 316 640 494 116
2 588 1 325 646 500 117
1 955 1 071 476 340 69
1 309 774 229 263 43
Entertainment ..............................................................................................
2 202
2 220
1 713
1 007 461
Personal Care Products and Services ......................................................
536
536
520
Reading ........................................................................................................
137
138
111
52
Education .....................................................................................................
829
791
1 890
442
Tobacco Products and Smoking Supplies ...............................................
305
311
119
180
Miscellaneous ..............................................................................................
627
635
432
447
Cash Contributions .....................................................................................
1 443
1 447
1 311
832
Personal Insurance and Pensions ............................................................. Life and other personal insurance ................................................................. Pensions and Social Security ........................................................................
4 265 411 3 854
4 247 411 3 836
4 762 414 4 348
2 504 295 2 209
1Components
of income and taxes are derived from "complete income reporters" only.
424
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 8-15. Consumer Expenditures, Averages by Hispanic or Latino Origin of Reference Person, 2003 (Number, dollar, percent.) Not Hispanic or Latino
Item
Hispanic or Latino
White, Asian, and Other races
Total
NUMBER OF CONSUMER UNITS (THOUSANDS) .....................................
11 727
103 629
90 019
Black
13 610
CONSUMER UNIT CHARACTERISTICS Average Income Before Taxes1 ..................................................................
37 150
52 797
55 463
34 537
Average Income After Taxes1 .....................................................................
36 469
50 044
52 450
33 564
Age of Reference Person ............................................................................
41.6
49.2
49.5
46.7
Average Number in Consumer Unit Persons ......................................................................................................... Children under 18 .......................................................................................... Persons 65 and over ..................................................................................... Earners .......................................................................................................... Vehicles .........................................................................................................
3.3 1.1 0.2 1.6 1.6
2.4 0.6 0.3 1.3 2.0
2.4 0.5 0.3 1.3 2.1
2.6 0.9 0.2 1.2 1.3
Percent Distribution Males ............................................................................................................. Females .........................................................................................................
52.0 48.0
50.0 50.0
52.0 48.0
36.0 64.0
Percent Homeowner .................................................................................... With mortgage ............................................................................................... Without mortgage ..........................................................................................
48.0 34.0 14.0
69.0 42.0 27.0
72.0 43.0 29.0
49.0 30.0 19.0
AVERAGE ANNUAL EXPENDITURES .......................................................
34 575
41 521
43 459
28 667
Food .............................................................................................................. Food at home ................................................................................................ Cereals and bakery products .................................................................... Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs ................................................................... Dairy products ........................................................................................... Fruits and vegetables ................................................................................ Other food at home ................................................................................... Food away from home ...................................................................................
5 717 3 597 486 1 059 374 686 992 2 120
5 291 3 070 436 795 322 516 1 000 2 221
5 486 3 134 447 783 337 529 1 038 2 353
3 977 2 639 366 876 223 432 742 1 338
Alcoholic Beverages ...................................................................................
315
401
437
158
Housing ........................................................................................................ Shelter ........................................................................................................... Owned dwellings ....................................................................................... Rented dwellings ....................................................................................... Other lodging ............................................................................................. Utilities, fuels, and public services ................................................................. Household operations ................................................................................... Housekeeping supplies ................................................................................. Household furnishings and equipment ..........................................................
12 300 7 672 3 889 3 560 224 2 490 454 476 1 208
13 562 7 912 5 418 2 023 470 2 848 736 536 1 531
14 005 8 185 5 775 1 889 521 2 837 779 563 1 642
10 621 6 105 3 063 2 912 130 2 920 453 353 789
Apparel and Services ..................................................................................
1 756
1 626
1 631
1 590
Transportation ............................................................................................. Vehicle purchases (net outlay) ...................................................................... Gasoline and motor oil .................................................................................. Other vehicle expenses ................................................................................. Public transportation ......................................................................................
6 780 3 063 1 328 2 057 331
7 894 3 807 1 333 2 362 391
8 317 4 063 1 381 2 458 416
5 094 2 117 1 017 1 729 230
Health Care .................................................................................................. Health insurance ........................................................................................... Medical services ............................................................................................ Drugs ............................................................................................................. Medical supplies ............................................................................................
1 439 747 365 263 65
2 527 1 309 616 490 112
2 711 1 389 675 524 122
1 311 775 229 264 43
Entertainment ..............................................................................................
1 245
2 153
2 326
1 009
Personal Care Products and Services ......................................................
490
531
541
460
Reading ........................................................................................................
48
136
149
53
Education .....................................................................................................
477
818
877
425
Tobacco Products and Smoking Supplies ...............................................
171
303
322
179
Miscellaneous ..............................................................................................
419
627
655
447
Cash Contributions .....................................................................................
594
1 458
1 552
835
Personal Insurance and Pensions ............................................................. Life and other personal insurance ................................................................. Pensions and Social Security ........................................................................
2 824 160 2 664
4 195 424 3 770
4 450 444 4 006
2 507 296 2 211
1Components of income and taxes are derived from "complete income reporters" only.
CONSUMER EXPENDITURES
425
Table 8-16. Consumer Expenditures, Averages by Education of Reference Person, 2002–2003 (Number, dollar, percent.) Less than college graduate
Less than high school graduate
Item
Total
NUMBER OF CONSUMER UNITS (THOUSANDS) .........
High school graduate
College graduate
High school graduate with some college
Associate degree
Bachelor’s degree
Total
Master’s, professional, doctorate degree
84 768
17 721
31 552
24 514
10 981
30 589
19 557
11 032
Average Income Before Taxes1 ......................................
40 164
25 028
40 113
45 113
54 087
81 842
74 921
93 948
Average Income After Taxes1 .........................................
38 558
24 716
38 258
43 304
51 525
76 716
70 375
87 806
Age of Reference Person ................................................
49.0
55.6
50.2
44.4
45.4
46.6
44.7
49.9
Average Number in Consumer Unit Persons .............................................................................. Children under 18 .............................................................. Persons 65 and over .......................................................... Earners .............................................................................. Vehicles .............................................................................
2.5 0.7 0.3 1.3 1.9
2.6 0.7 0.5 1.0 1.4
2.5 0.6 0.3 1.3 2.0
2.3 0.6 0.2 1.3 1.9
2.6 0.7 0.2 1.5 2.2
2.5 0.6 0.2 1.5 2.1
2.5 0.6 0.2 1.5 2.1
2.4 0.6 0.3 1.5 2.2
Percent Distribution Males ................................................................................. Females .............................................................................
48 52
45 55
49 51
48 52
47 53
57 43
56 44
60 40
Percent Homeowner ........................................................ With mortgage ................................................................... Without mortgage ..............................................................
64 36 28
57 22 35
68 37 31
59 37 22
72 50 22
76 55 21
73 53 20
82 58 24
AVERAGE ANNUAL EXPENDITURES ............................
34 372
23 901
33 956
37 912
44 547
58 480
54 726
65 203
Food .................................................................................. Food at home ..................................................................... Cereals and bakery products ......................................... Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs ........................................ Dairy products ................................................................ Fruits and vegetables .................................................... Other food at home ........................................................ Food away from home .......................................................
4 838 2 987 425 832 307 488 935 1 850
4 086 2 913 408 860 290 502 853 1 173
4 701 2 986 424 839 307 479 937 1 715
5 136 2 907 423 758 302 479 945 2 229
5 783 3 298 456 941 344 519 1 037 2 486
6 641 3 491 485 805 382 655 1 164 3 150
6 381 3 414 482 794 374 621 1 143 2 967
7 127 3 637 493 825 397 720 1 202 3 490
Alcoholic Beverages .......................................................
302
161
255
401
453
620
565
725
Housing ............................................................................ Shelter ............................................................................... Owned dwellings ............................................................ Rented dwellings ........................................................... Other lodging ................................................................. Utilities, fuels, and public services ..................................... Household operations ........................................................ Housekeeping supplies ...................................................... Household furnishings and equipment ..............................
11 181 6 417 4 001 2 158 257 2 647 498 468 1 152
8 351 4 865 2 427 2 346 92 2 311 237 323 615
10 923 6 178 4 040 1 917 222 2 740 447 477 1 080
12 260 7 121 4 365 2 373 383 2 610 652 481 1 396
14 060 8 032 5 618 2 071 344 3 000 718 639 1 670
19 631 11 963 8 760 2 238 966 3 268 1 288 683 2 429
18 357 11 233 7 995 2 406 832 3 159 1 177 639 2 149
21 908 13 258 10 117 1 939 1 203 3 461 1 484 768 2 937
Apparel and Services ......................................................
1 406
1 017
1 260
1 713
1 779
2 260
2 197
2 377
Transportation ................................................................. Vehicle purchases (net outlay) .......................................... Gasoline and motor oil ....................................................... Other vehicle expenses ..................................................... Public transportation ..........................................................
6 954 3 396 1 266 2 053 238
4 412 2 059 942 1 263 148
7 296 3 659 1 306 2 131 200
7 265 3 382 1 331 2 243 308
9 380 4 833 1 530 2 683 334
10 068 4 661 1 517 3 097 793
9 717 4 577 1 502 2 967 671
10 694 4 810 1 545 3 330 1 009
Health Care ....................................................................... Health insurance ................................................................ Medical services ................................................................ Drugs ................................................................................. Medical supplies ................................................................
2 193 1 160 490 450 93
1 797 976 317 445 59
2 287 1 246 499 447 95
2 249 1 129 568 444 108
2 439 1 280 572 482 105
3 031 1 506 869 510 145
2 812 1 425 782 474 131
3 420 1 650 1 024 575 171
Entertainment ...................................................................
1 678
882
1 607
2 023
2 384
3 110
2 893
3 498
Personal Care Products and Services ...........................
453
305
436
518
592
725
694
781
Reading .............................................................................
90
42
83
118
125
230
194
294
Education .........................................................................
492
102
328
859
776
1 587
1 339
2 029
Tobacco Products and Smoking Supplies ....................
342
342
380
305
318
144
158
119
Miscellaneous ..................................................................
521
312
515
633
619
840
791
928
CONSUMER UNIT CHARACTERISTICS
Cash Contributions .........................................................
952
574
990
1 043
1 248
2 529
2 307
2 922
Personal Insurance and Pensions ................................. Life and other personal insurance ..................................... Pensions and Social Security ............................................
2 970 304 2 666
1 519 180 1 339
2 895 334 2 561
3 388 303 3 085
4 590 417 4 174
7 064 657 6 407
6 321 587 5 734
8 381 781 7 600
1Components of income and taxes are derived from "complete income reporters" only.
426
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 8-17. Consumer Expenditures, Averages for Age Groups by Income Before Taxes, 2002–2003: Reference Person Under Age 25 (Number, dollar, percent.) Complete reporting of income Item
Complete reporting of income, total
NUMBER OF CONSUMER UNITS (THOUSANDS) ..................
Less than $5,000
7 239
$5,000 to $9,999
1 555
$10,000 to $14,999
1 333
$15,000 to $19,999
911
$20,000 to $29,999
702
$30,000 to $39,999
1 010
$40,000 and over
674
1 052
CONSUMER UNIT CHARACTERISTICS Average Income Before Taxes 1 ..............................................
20 726
2 518
7 227
12 108
17 266
24 224
33 837
62 756
Average Income After Taxes 1 .................................................
20 233
2 524
7 211
12 303
17 257
23 797
32 821
60 273
Age of Reference Person .........................................................
21.3
20.2
20.8
21.5
21.7
21.8
22.3
22.4
1.9 0.4
1.2 0.1
1.4 0.2
1.7 0.4
2.1 0.5
2.3 0.6
2.4 0.5
2.6 0.5
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
1.3 1.2
1.0 0.5
1.0 0.7
1.2 1.0
1.3 1.3
1.4 1.5
1.6 1.6
2.0 2.1
Percent Distribution Male ............................................................................................ Female .......................................................................................
48.0 52.0
48.0 52.0
47.0 53.0
46.0 54.0
45.0 55.0
47.0 53.0
49.0 51.0
53.0 47.0
Percent Homeowner ................................................................. With mortgage ............................................................................ Without mortgage .......................................................................
14.0 8.0 6.0
5.0 1.0 4.0
8.0 2.0 5.0
7.0 2.0 6.0
15.0 8.0 7.0
16.0 9.0 7.0
23.0 15.0 8.0
36.0 29.0 7.0
AVERAGE ANNUAL EXPENDITURES ....................................
24 327
12 343
15 866
19 625
24 311
26 990
32 605
47 049
Food ........................................................................................... Food at home ............................................................................. Cereals and bakery products ................................................. Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs ................................................ Dairy products ........................................................................ Fruits and vegetables ............................................................. Other food at home ................................................................ Food away from home ................................................................
3 581 1 825 266 419 197 304 639 1 756
2 262 940 142 180 95 157 366 1 321
2 619 1 220 186 240 148 185 461 1 399
2 586 1 478 200 318 151 227 583 1 108
3 477 1 974 288 445 213 290 738 1 502
3 819 2 132 316 478 223 355 760 1 687
4 216 2 031 274 512 224 366 655 2 185
6 104 3 126 463 796 338 559 970 2 979
Average Number in Consumer Unit Persons ...................................................................................... Children under 18 ....................................................................... Persons 65 and over .................................................................. Earners ....................................................................................... Vehicles ......................................................................................
Alcoholic Beverages ................................................................
481
233
242
381
453
480
600
1 006
Housing ..................................................................................... Shelter ........................................................................................ Owned dwellings .................................................................... Rented dwellings .................................................................... Other lodging .......................................................................... Utilities, fuels, and public services .............................................. Household operations ................................................................ Housekeeping supplies .............................................................. Household furnishings and equipment .......................................
7 445 4 787 789 3 680 318 1 370 220 238 830
3 670 2 591 150 1 994 447 537 54 105 382
4 976 3 465 248 2 789 429 875 81 134 422
6 146 4 004 201 3 473 330 1 235 198 180 529
8 083 5 278 612 4 408 258 1 491 202 361 751
8 621 5 387 636 4 598 153 1 687 329 266 951
10 150 6 487 1 329 5 042 116 2 057 325 238 1 043
13 714 8 395 2 845 5 242 308 2 517 497 429 1 875
Apparel and Services ...............................................................
1 310
554
792
1 349
1 217
1 118
1 773
2 656
Transportation .......................................................................... Vehicle purchases (net outlay) ................................................... Gasoline and motor oil ............................................................... Other vehicle expenses .............................................................. Public transportation ...................................................................
5 161 2 608 958 1 381 214
1 695 556 493 475 171
2 668 1 172 662 625 209
3 975 2 016 857 978 123
5 597 3 219 985 1 235 158
6 619 3 518 1 170 1 776 156
7 775 4 150 1 285 2 057 282
11 084 5 702 1 678 3 292 412
Health Care ............................................................................... Health insurance ........................................................................ Medical services ......................................................................... Drugs .......................................................................................... Medical supplies .........................................................................
619 289 170 125 35
173 70 37 51 314
204 49 60 65 31
438 224 103 85 25
571 264 93 174 340
895 410 251 192 42
800 443 214 117 26
1 586 772 507 230 77
Entertainment ...........................................................................
1 150
600
929
884
1 039
1 264
1 541
2 114
Personal Care Products and Services ...................................
337
174
239
457
262
329
367
585
Reading .....................................................................................
57
43
48
54
44
66
65
89
Education ..................................................................................
1 637
2 428
2 122
1 969
1 524
923
957
765
Tobacco Products and Smoking Supplies ............................
270
122
189
247
359
352
423
373
Miscellaneous ...........................................................................
345
123
253
163
302
375
684
691
Cash Contributions ..................................................................
333
108
167
210
206
348
530
928
Personal Insurance and Pensions .......................................... Life and other personal insurance .............................................. Pensions and Social Security .....................................................
1 602 48 1 554
158 35 154
418 319 399
767 334 733
1 177 35 1 142
1 781 62 1 719
2 722 75 2 647
5 352 141 5 211
1Components of income and taxes are derived 2Value less than 0.05. 3Data are likely to have large sampling errors.
from "complete income reporters" only.
CONSUMER EXPENDITURES
427
Table 8-18. Consumer Expenditures, Averages for Age Groups by Income Before Taxes, 2002–2003: Reference Person Age 25–34 (Number, dollar, percent.) Complete reporting of income Item
NUMBER OF CONSUMER UNITS (THOUSANDS) ..................
Complete reporting of income, total
Less than $5,000
$5,000 to $9,999
$10,000 to $14,999
$15,000 to $19,999
$20,000 to $29,999
$30,000 to $39,999
$40,000 to $49,999
$50,000 to $69,999
16 373
475
742
984
1 138
2 419
2 156
1 836
2 870
3 751
$70,000 and over
CONSUMER UNIT CHARACTERISTICS Average Income Before Taxes1 ...............................................
49 779
1 547
7 671
12 430
17 293
24 784
34 270
44 165
58 653
104 878
Average Income After Taxes1 ..................................................
47 665
1 826
8 020
12 771
17 642
24 596
33 202
42 547
56 235
98 723
Age of Reference Person .........................................................
29.7
29.3
28.9
29.1
29.1
29.4
29.5
29.8
29.9
30.5
2.9 1.1
3.0 0.9
Average Number in Consumer Unit Persons ...................................................................................... Children under 18 ....................................................................... Persons 65 and over .................................................................. Earners ....................................................................................... Vehicles ......................................................................................
2.3 1.0
2.7 1.3
2.7 1.3
2.8 1.3
2.7 1.2
2.7 1.1
2.9 1.0
3.0 1.1
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
1.5 1.8
0.9 1.0
0.9 1.0
1.0 1.0
1.3 1.3
1.3 1.4
1.4 1.7
1.6 1.9
1.8 2.3
1.9 2.3
Percent Distribution Male ............................................................................................ Female .......................................................................................
52.0 48.0
39.0 61.0
31.0 69.0
37.0 63.0
43.0 57.0
48.0 52.0
50.0 50.0
61.0 39.0
59.0 41.0
61.0 39.0
Percent Homeowner ................................................................. With mortgage ............................................................................ Without mortgage .......................................................................
48.0 41.0 7.0
18.0 12.0 6.0
19.0 10.0 8.0
19.0 7.0 12.0
18.0 10.0 7.0
30.0 21.0 9.0
43.0 35.0 8.0
51.0 44.0 6.0
64.0 57.0 6.0
76.0 72.0 5.0
AVERAGE ANNUAL EXPENDITURES ....................................
42 239
21 926
21 114
20 665
24 580
28 160
33 986
41 218
49 124
69 031
Food ........................................................................................... Food at home ............................................................................. Cereals and bakery products ................................................. Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs ................................................ Dairy products ........................................................................ Fruits and vegetables ............................................................. Other food at home ................................................................ Food away from home ................................................................
5 610 3 126 439 804 332 524 1 027 2 484
4 516 2 913 383 819 330 486 894 1 603
3 791 2 450 330 735 242 355 789 1 341
4 187 2 854 470 769 284 490 841 1 333
4 237 2 657 381 687 296 452 841 1 580
4 330 2 715 379 765 275 489 806 1 616
4 964 3 082 421 813 327 492 1 029 1 882
5 534 3 213 458 798 387 502 1 068 2 322
5 783 2 915 422 690 309 480 1 014 2 869
7 982 3 914 533 974 404 678 1 325 4 068
Alcoholic Beverages ................................................................
476
184
279
226
208
243
383
507
578
804
Housing ..................................................................................... Shelter ........................................................................................ Owned dwellings .................................................................... Rented dwellings .................................................................... Other lodging .......................................................................... Utilities, fuels, and public services .............................................. Household operations ................................................................ Housekeeping supplies .............................................................. Household furnishings and equipment .......................................
14 261 8 689 4 729 3 680 280 2 540 936 457 1 638
7 581 4 740 1 058 3 631 351 1 661 172 436 572
7 329 4 226 782 3 355 389 1 738 410 296 660
7 139 4 365 654 3 660 351 1 750 287 242 496
8 827 5 281 751 4 429 101 2 002 310 466 769
10 354 6 247 1 826 4 337 84 2 127 631 312 1 036
11 430 7 095 2 985 3 979 130 2 290 566 354 1 126
13 585 8 177 4 060 3 921 196 2 523 763 400 1 722
15 718 9 469 5 805 3 407 258 2 887 1 132 507 1 722
23 334 14 388 10 631 3 025 732 3 335 1 840 684 3 087
Apparel and Services ...............................................................
2 035
1 894
884
1 323
1 266
1 250
1 885
1 990
2 185
3 219
Transportation .......................................................................... Vehicle purchases (net outlay) ................................................... Gasoline and motor oil ............................................................... Other vehicle expenses .............................................................. Public transportation ...................................................................
8 536 4 254 1 351 2 559 373
3 430 31 143 796 1 254 237
4 777 2 606 757 1 160 254
3 833 1 908 723 1 043 158
4 316 1 808 968 1 330 211
5 529 2 588 1 087 1 604 250
6 727 3 062 1 280 2 153 231
8 788 4 365 1 417 2 688 318
11 025 5 859 1 606 3 169 390
13 394 6 807 1 802 4 091 694
Health Care ............................................................................... Health insurance ........................................................................ Medical services ......................................................................... Drugs .......................................................................................... Medical supplies .........................................................................
1 487 799 410 218 60
479 218 81 146 334
650 279 175 144 53
506 196 146 134 30
762 372 244 111 35
911 453 287 138 34
1 360 783 318 213 46
1 733 935 463 269 66
2 083 1 081 660 269 72
2 127 1 213 534 286 94
Entertainment ...........................................................................
2 090
904
838
835
1 124
1 243
1 600
1 900
2 528
3 688
Personal Care Products and Services ...................................
521
435
233
305
413
408
446
493
533
800
Reading .....................................................................................
106
46
51
58
55
70
91
92
115
184
Education ..................................................................................
619
1 248
877
400
780
352
428
530
566
862
Tobacco Products and Smoking Supplies ............................
317
184
277
347
424
340
334
428
305
232
Miscellaneous ...........................................................................
667
289
300
384
357
492
535
701
949
912
Cash Contributions ..................................................................
796
551
358
322
392
595
685
875
939
1 207
Personal Insurance and Pensions .......................................... Life and other personal insurance .............................................. Pensions and Social Security .....................................................
4 717 220 4 497
184 333 151
469 86 383
800 54 745
1 418 112 1 306
2 042 107 1 936
3 118 136 2 982
4 060 202 3 858
5 816 275 5 541
10 288 437 9 851
1Components of income and taxes are derived 2Value less than 0.05. 3Data are likely to have large sampling errors.
from "complete income reporters" only.
428
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 8-19. Consumer Expenditures, Averages for Age Groups by Income Before Taxes, 2002–2003: Reference Person Age 35–44 (Number, dollar, percent.) Complete reporting of income Item
NUMBER OF CONSUMER UNITS (THOUSANDS) ................
Complete reporting of income, total
Less than $5,000
$5,000 to $9,999
$10,000 to $14,999
$15,000 to $19,999
$20,000 to $29,999
$30,000 to $39,999
$40,000 to $49,999
$50,000 to $69,999
20 356
605
768
872
961
2 216
2 353
2 141
3 800
$70,000 and over
6 639
CONSUMER UNIT CHARACTERISTICS Average Income Before Taxes1 .............................................
61 309
-17
7 859
12 508
17 479
24 681
34 355
44 539
59 222
114 217
Average Income After Taxes1 ................................................
58 365
282
8 136
12 888
17 792
24 600
33 429
43 047
56 941
107 178
Age of Reference Person .......................................................
39.7
39.8
39.9
40.1
39.9
39.7
39.5
39.5
39.7
39.7
3.2 1.3
2.7 1.2
2.5 1.1
2.7 1.2
3.1 1.4
2.8 1.2
3.0 1.2
3.2 1.3
3.3 1.3
3.6 1.4
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
1.7 2.2
1.1 1.2
0.7 1.0
1.1 1.2
1.2 1.4
1.4 1.5
1.6 1.9
1.7 2.2
1.9 2.5
2.0 2.8
Percent Distribution Males ........................................................................................ Females ....................................................................................
52.0 48.0
38.0 62.0
40.0 60.0
36.0 64.0
43.0 57.0
46.0 54.0
49.0 51.0
53.0 47.0
57.0 43.0
58.0 42.0
Percent Homeowner ............................................................... With mortgage .......................................................................... Without mortgage .....................................................................
68.0 57.0 11.0
39.0 25.0 13.0
33.0 14.0 19.0
34.0 16.0 17.0
36.0 23.0 13.0
45.0 32.0 12.0
59.0 47.0 12.0
68.0 57.0 11.0
79.0 68.0 10.0
88.0 80.0 8.0
AVERAGE ANNUAL EXPENDITURES ...................................
50 141
25 937
18 639
23 217
25 099
28 832
34 183
42 678
52 508
76 970
Food ......................................................................................... Food at home ............................................................................ Cereals and bakery products ................................................ Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs ............................................... Dairy products ....................................................................... Fruits and vegetables ........................................................... Other food at home ............................................................... Food away from home ..............................................................
6 687 3 787 565 959 415 621 1 228 2 900
4 591 3 107 481 813 336 520 957 1 484
3 572 2 073 286 585 215 325 662 1 498
4 882 3 650 513 1 244 356 523 1 013 1 232
4 218 2 952 416 814 323 519 880 1 266
4 781 3 118 450 888 330 512 938 1 662
4 989 2 986 427 785 319 519 937 2 003
5 991 3 534 517 873 399 590 1 155 2 458
7 040 3 803 575 1 007 413 569 1 239 3 237
9 091 4 748 727 1 081 532 798 1 609 4 344
Average Number in Consumer Unit Persons ..................................................................................... Children under 18 ..................................................................... Persons 65 and over ................................................................. Earners ..................................................................................... Vehicles ....................................................................................
Alcoholic Beverages ..............................................................
454
375
164
183
223
290
279
430
481
672
Housing ................................................................................... Shelter ...................................................................................... Owned dwellings ................................................................... Rented dwellings .................................................................. Other lodging ........................................................................ Utilities, fuels, and public services ............................................ Household operations ............................................................... Housekeeping supplies ............................................................. Household furnishings and equipment .....................................
16 507 9 857 7 045 2 365 446 3 088 1 006 669 1 886
9 297 5 906 2 842 2 884 3180 2 035 185 391 781
7 015 4 038 1 171 2 815 52 1 904 209 325 540
7 971 4 653 1 264 3 325 364 2 082 274 420 542
9 208 5 766 2 072 3 579 115 2 120 319 348 656
10 275 6 401 2 621 3 662 119 2 375 323 379 796
11 462 6 964 3 816 3 038 110 2 642 490 430 936
14 002 8 469 5 551 2 622 296 2 972 547 576 1 438
16 254 9 518 7 126 1 996 396 3 308 806 754 1 868
25 261 14 986 12 644 1 422 920 3 902 2 041 980 3 351
Apparel and Services .............................................................
2 223
2 122
1 273
1 523
1 694
1 266
1 593
1 594
2 005
3 384
Transportation ........................................................................ Vehicle purchases (net outlay) ................................................. Gasoline and motor oil .............................................................. Other vehicle expenses ............................................................ Public transportation .................................................................
9 385 4 536 1 547 2 884 419
5 202 32 920 802 1 336 145
2 973 1 307 653 863 151
4 158 2 084 895 1 041 138
4 822 2 471 918 1 277 156
5 345 2 404 1 081 1 622 238
6 776 3 139 1 328 2 071 238
8 804 4 371 1 513 2 648 271
11 358 5 932 1 720 3 308 398
13 185 6 138 2 040 4 274 733
Health Care .............................................................................. Health insurance ....................................................................... Medical services ....................................................................... Drugs ........................................................................................ Medical supplies .......................................................................
2 117 1 085 601 327 104
812 318 274 194 326
782 280 258 212 332
1 036 446 264 216 111
836 409 234 164 28
1 256 655 336 218 46
1 723 902 456 278 87
2 021 1 048 521 338 115
2 473 1 327 666 367 112
2 972 1 511 895 417 148
Entertainment ..........................................................................
2 708
933
780
1 025
1 037
1 256
1 432
2 171
2 609
4 719
Personal Care Products and Services ..................................
660
308
345
429
331
371
470
584
666
993
Reading ....................................................................................
131
46
45
53
42
60
70
100
140
221
Education ................................................................................
730
300
272
331
220
295
297
505
623
1 382
Tobacco Products and Smoking Supplies ...........................
363
320
435
404
360
444
389
436
406
270
Miscellaneous .........................................................................
782
611
251
230
353
469
653
702
899
1 103
Cash Contributions ................................................................
1 318
481
282
222
414
647
808
989
1 438
2 232
Personal Insurance and Pensions ........................................ Life and other personal insurance ............................................ Pensions and Social Security ...................................................
6 076 396 5 679
539 146 393
451 91 359
771 69 703
1 342 136 1 206
2 079 158 1 921
3 240 240 3 000
4 349 339 4 010
6 117 415 5 702
11 485 678 10 807
1Components of income and taxes are derived 2Value less than 0.05. 3Data are likely to have large sampling errors.
from "complete income reporters" only.
429
CONSUMER EXPENDITURES
Table 8-20. Consumer Expenditures, Averages for Age Groups by Income Before Taxes, 2002–2003: Reference Person Age 45–54 (Number, dollar, percent.) Complete reporting of income Item
NUMBER OF CONSUMER UNITS (THOUSANDS) ..................
Complete reporting of income, total
18 793
Less than $5,000
$5,000 to $9,999
$10,000 to $14,999
$15,000 to $19,999
$20,000 to $29,999
$30,000 to $39,999
$40,000 to $49,999
$50,000 to $69,999
$70,000 and over
452
782
862
925
1 950
1 989
1 898
3 146
6 790
CONSUMER UNIT CHARACTERISTICS Average Income Before Taxes 1 ..............................................
66 549
-794
7 817
12 521
17 350
24 608
34 680
44 139
59 217
122 395
Average Income After Taxes 1 .................................................
62 551
-1 164
7 831
12 460
17 320
23 997
33 539
41 956
56 275
113 847
Age of Reference Person .........................................................
49.3
49.7
49.5
49.3
49.5
49.4
49.4
49.4
49.3
49.2
2.6 0.6
1.9 0.4
1.8 0.4
2.2 0.6
2.4 0.5
2.3 0.5
2.7 0.6
3.1 0.7
(2)
(2)
(2)
1.4 1.7
2.4 0.4 0.1 1.6 2.1
1.6 2.3
1.9 2.6
2.3 3.3
Average Number in Consumer Unit Persons ...................................................................................... Children under 18 ....................................................................... Persons 65 and over .................................................................. Earners ....................................................................................... Vehicles ......................................................................................
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
1.8 2.4
1.0 1.5
0.6 0.8
1.0 1.2
2.3 0.5 0.1 1.2 1.6
Percent Distribution Males .......................................................................................... Females ......................................................................................
53.0 47.0
49.0 51.0
38.0 62.0
37.0 63.0
43.0 57.0
45.0 55.0
52.0 48.0
47.0 53.0
56.0 44.0
60.0 40.0
Percent Homeowner ................................................................. With mortgage ............................................................................ Without mortgage .......................................................................
75.0 56.0 19.0
52.0 32.0 20.0
37.0 16.0 21.0
42.0 18.0 24.0
52.0 30.0 23.0
59.0 37.0 22.0
65.0 46.0 19.0
75.0 53.0 21.0
82.0 63.0 19.0
93.0 76.0 17.0
AVERAGE ANNUAL EXPENDITURES ....................................
52 136
29 006
15 955
22 857
25 052
28 348
35 887
39 303
49 772
81 792
Food ........................................................................................... Food at home ............................................................................. Cereals and bakery products ................................................. Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs ................................................ Dairy products ........................................................................ Fruits and vegetables ............................................................. Other food at home ................................................................ Food away from home ................................................................
6 595 3 740 526 988 390 637 1 199 2 854
4 596 3 136 409 942 320 506 960 1 460
2 719 2 010 271 475 242 382 638 710
3 712 2 611 418 684 257 433 820 1 100
3 891 2 703 407 705 304 438 850 1 188
4 389 3 096 427 966 303 488 912 1 292
5 095 3 181 456 868 314 552 990 1 915
5 212 3 076 441 770 336 495 1 034 2 136
6 971 4 081 564 1 108 424 686 1 300 2 890
9 316 4 693 656 1 184 493 825 1 535 4 623
(2)
Alcoholic Beverages ................................................................
515
275
122
214
203
221
291
310
471
909
Housing ..................................................................................... Shelter ........................................................................................ Owned dwellings .................................................................... Rented dwellings .................................................................... Other lodging .......................................................................... Utilities, fuels, and public services .............................................. Household operations ................................................................ Housekeeping supplies .............................................................. Household furnishings and equipment .......................................
15 885 9 339 6 884 1 758 698 3 243 648 673 1 982
10 854 6 563 4 123 2 037 402 2 441 261 588 1 002
6 402 3 797 1 447 2 286 363 1 731 131 231 512
8 517 5 123 2 017 3 021 385 2 198 168 432 596
8 873 5 191 2 542 2 559 90 2 290 227 376 790
9 489 5 538 2 883 2 506 149 2 512 226 413 799
11 680 6 908 4 045 2 678 185 2 708 318 573 1 174
12 230 7 308 4 819 2 168 321 2 850 424 416 1 232
14 465 8 122 6 093 1 620 408 3 288 486 683 1 887
24 003 14 199 11 826 874 1 498 4 188 1 207 995 3 415
Apparel and Services ...............................................................
2 143
2 259
861
1 135
1 492
1 266
1 275
1 490
2 123
3 240
Transportation .......................................................................... Vehicle purchases (net outlay) ................................................... Gasoline and motor oil ............................................................... Other vehicle expenses .............................................................. Public transportation ...................................................................
9 820 4 572 1 600 3 171 477
4 558 32 110 839 1 389 219
2 246 3809 568 726 143
4 782 2 639 759 1 203 182
4 433 1 788 987 1 466 191
5 814 2 648 1 107 1 856 203
7 648 3 693 1 390 2 356 209
7 959 3 762 1 386 2 570 240
9 615 4 162 1 721 3 327 405
14 821 7 020 2 165 4 769 867
Health Care ............................................................................... Health insurance ........................................................................ Medical services ......................................................................... Drugs .......................................................................................... Medical supplies .........................................................................
2 598 1 207 758 501 132
1 728 852 355 444 75
1 133 420 316 296 102
1 158 548 311 266 33
1 442 716 323 326 77
1 704 720 428 499 57
2 163 1 020 584 447 113
2 337 1 197 625 426 90
2 650 1 311 725 484 130
3 603 1 621 1 149 631 202
Entertainment ...........................................................................
2 580
1 541
580
807
1 142
1 135
1 403
1 811
2 299
4 415
Personal Care Products and Services ...................................
648
415
290
348
352
362
446
516
646
970
Reading .....................................................................................
169
85
44
61
82
69
85
135
165
280
Education ..................................................................................
1 301
485
149
277
429
244
344
465
868
2 758
Tobacco Products and Smoking Supplies ............................
417
269
422
394
407
464
507
450
485
350
Miscellaneous ...........................................................................
974
539
256
451
470
504
707
847
1 144
1 387
Cash Contributions ..................................................................
1 741
740
323
266
367
635
881
1 068
1 442
3 243
Personal Insurance and Pensions .......................................... Life and other personal insurance .............................................. Pensions and Social Security .....................................................
6 751 621 6 130
664 384 280
407 112 296
735 128 607
1 470 327 1 143
2 054 231 1 823
3 361 345 3 016
4 472 399 4 073
6 427 504 5 923
12 499 1 108 11 391
1Components of income and taxes are derived from "complete income reporters" only. 2Value less than 0.05. 3Data are likely to have large sampling errors.
430
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 8-21. Consumer Expenditures, Averages for Age Groups by Income Before Taxes, 2002–2003: Reference Person Age 55–64 (Number, dollar, percent.) Complete reporting of income Item
NUMBER OF CONSUMER UNITS (THOUSANDS) ..................
Complete reporting of income, total
13 209
Less than $5,000
370
$5,000 to $9,999
959
$10,000 to $14,999
905
$15,000 to $19,999
870
$20,000 to $29,999
1 597
$30,000 to $39,999
1 550
$40,000 to $49,999
1 372
$50,000 to $69,999
2 135
$70,000 and over
3 451
CONSUMER UNIT CHARACTERISTICS Average Income Before Taxes1 ...............................................
56 036
1 229
7 813
12 440
17 306
24 944
34 616
44 319
58 627
123 573
Average Income After Taxes1 ..................................................
53 195
1 341
7 733
12 395
17 085
24 489
33 409
42 461
55 998
115 894
Age of Reference Person .........................................................
59.1
59.4
60.0
59.8
59.6
59.7
59.5
59.1
58.8
58.4
Average Number in Consumer Unit Persons ...................................................................................... Children under 18 ....................................................................... Persons 65 and over .................................................................. Earners ....................................................................................... Vehicles ......................................................................................
2.1 0.2 0.1 1.3 2.3
1.8
1.5 0.2
0.7 1.5
0.4 1.0
1.8 0.2 0.1 0.6 1.6
1.9 0.2 0.1 0.9 1.6
1.9 0.2 0.1 1.1 1.8
2.1 0.2 0.1 1.3 2.3
2.2 0.2 0.1 1.5 2.3
2.3 0.2 0.1 1.5 2.6
2.5 0.2 0.1 1.9 3.0
Percent Distribution Males .......................................................................................... Females ......................................................................................
52.0 48.0
31.0 69.0
34.0 66.0
40.0 60.0
43.0 57.0
40.0 60.0
50.0 50.0
55.0 45.0
59.0 41.0
66.0 34.0
Percent Homeowner ................................................................. With mortgage ............................................................................ Without mortgage .......................................................................
80.0 43.0 37.0
62.0 29.0 33.0
49.0 20.0 29.0
62.0 20.0 42.0
67.0 27.0 40.0
78.0 36.0 43.0
81.0 40.0 41.0
83.0 48.0 35.0
88.0 52.0 36.0
94.0 60.0 34.0
AVERAGE ANNUAL EXPENDITURES ....................................
46 353
24 768
17 619
22 569
24 644
29 610
37 414
41 306
50 088
79 670
Food ........................................................................................... Food at home ............................................................................. Cereals and bakery products ................................................. Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs ................................................ Dairy products ........................................................................ Fruits and vegetables ............................................................. Other food at home ................................................................ Food away from home ................................................................
5 776 3 334 442 874 343 615 1 059 2 442
3 677 2 682 408 627 268 526 853 995
2 914 1 954 276 555 207 340 577 960
3 481 2 315 306 611 227 421 750 1 166
3 735 2 479 353 622 269 463 772 1 256
4 153 2 645 357 666 307 484 831 1 508
5 310 3 351 454 864 325 645 1 063 1 960
5 250 3 101 383 914 319 577 908 2 149
6 309 3 840 485 1 140 377 649 1 188 2 469
8 721 4 361 577 1 061 449 831 1 443 4 360
20.2 20.1
(3)
Alcoholic Beverages ................................................................
445
211
167
200
148
259
290
333
373
910
Housing ..................................................................................... Shelter ........................................................................................ Owned dwellings .................................................................... Rented dwellings .................................................................... Other lodging .......................................................................... Utilities, fuels, and public services .............................................. Household operations ................................................................ Housekeeping supplies .............................................................. Household furnishings and equipment .......................................
13 974 7 603 5 641 1 283 679 3 033 606 847 1 886
10 162 5 212 3 334 1 561 317 2 484 758 399 1 309
6 934 3 855 1 907 1 789 159 1 908 176 356 639
8 023 4 444 2 139 2 137 169 2 180 222 436 741
8 678 4 994 2 880 1 921 193 2 248 178 415 844
9 393 4 765 3 151 1 393 222 2 589 300 544 1 195
11 073 5 926 4 087 1 427 412 2 847 320 573 1 407
12 359 6 657 4 609 1 678 371 3 037 495 660 1 510
15 271 7 756 6 094 1 018 643 3 255 553 1 853 1 854
22 487 12 733 10 521 618 1 594 3 975 1 267 987 3 525
Apparel and Services ...............................................................
1 802
697
542
799
926
1 165
1 262
1 506
1 699
3 420
Transportation .......................................................................... Vehicle purchases (net outlay) ................................................... Gasoline and motor oil ............................................................... Other vehicle expenses .............................................................. Public transportation ...................................................................
8 778 4 223 1 375 2 650 530
3 707 21 396 702 1 436 173
3 226 1 637 500 935 154
4 370 2 253 731 1 269 117
4 642 2 101 889 1 454 198
5 381 2 238 991 1 935 217
8 054 4 070 1 409 2 310 264
8 785 4 321 1 394 2 573 497
10 124 4 983 1 629 2 907 605
14 115 6 776 1 978 4 266 1 096
Health Care ............................................................................... Health insurance ........................................................................ Medical services ......................................................................... Drugs .......................................................................................... Medical supplies .........................................................................
3 071 1 452 804 678 137
2 390 1 009 896 387 297
1 404 749 174 437 44
2 066 992 453 532 88
2 255 1 051 578 552 73
2 639 1 390 436 713 100
3 314 1 608 799 752 154
3 480 1 505 1 070 787 118
3 134 1 452 829 691 162
3 967 1 854 1 168 747 198
Entertainment ...........................................................................
2 495
988
758
857
920
1 456
1 642
1 786
2 759
4 929
Personal Care Products and Services ...................................
597
306
244
290
343
416
426
564
711
968
Reading .....................................................................................
179
96
62
96
82
103
145
191
186
308
Education ..................................................................................
706
2177
230
2103
101
129
288
287
430
2 050
Tobacco Products and Smoking Supplies ............................
366
244
309
390
351
429
337
430
428
312
Miscellaneous ...........................................................................
875
742
269
460
649
604
872
748
971
1 344
Cash Contributions ..................................................................
1 619
1 022
337
352
622
964
1 064
1 023
1 753
3 329
Personal Insurance and Pensions .......................................... Life and other personal insurance .............................................. Pensions and Social Security .....................................................
5 670 611 5 059
349 244 105
423 232 190
1 082 331 751
1 191 289 902
2 518 373 2 145
3 338 463 2 875
4 564 507 4 057
5 939 597 5 342
12 810 1 138 11 672
1Components of income and taxes are derived from "complete income reporters" only. 2Data are likely to have large sampling errors. 3Value less than 0.05.
CONSUMER EXPENDITURES
431
Table 8-22. Consumer Expenditures, Averages for Age Groups by Income Before Taxes, 2002–2003: Reference Person Age 65 and Over (Number, dollar, percent.) Complete reporting of income
Complete reporting of income, total
Less than $5,000
$5,000 to $9,999
$10,000 to $14,999
$15,000 to $19,999
$20,000 to $29,999
$30,000 to $39,999
$40,000 to $49,999
$50,000 to $69,999
18 920
682
2 518
3 542
2 639
3 554
2 022
1 232
1 335
1 396
Average Income Before Taxes 1 ..............................................
30 085
1 514
8 007
12 493
17 418
24 293
34 625
44 708
58 741
120 302
Average Income After Taxes 1 .................................................
28 615
1 293
7 945
12 393
17 243
21 606
34 055
43 547
56 346
112 172
Age of Reference Person .........................................................
75.0
76.5
76.4
76.6
75.3
75.3
73.7
73.5
72.1
71.6
Average Number in Consumer Unit Persons ...................................................................................... Children under 18 ....................................................................... Persons 65 and over .................................................................. Earners ....................................................................................... Vehicles ......................................................................................
1.7 0.1 1.4 0.5 1.6
1.3
1.3
1.6
1.8
(2)
(2)
(2)
1.2 0.3 0.9
1.2 0.1 1.1 0.1 0.7
1.1 0.2 1.1
1.4 0.3 1.4
1.5 0.4 1.7
2.0 0.1 1.5 0.6 2.0
2.0 0.1 1.5 0.8 2.1
2.2 0.1 1.6 1.0 2.4
2.3 0.1 1.6 1.3 2.5
Percent Distribution Male ............................................................................................ Female .......................................................................................
46.0 54.0
36.0 64.0
25.0 75.0
30.0 70.0
41.0 59.0
53.0 47.0
61.0 39.0
60.0 40.0
66.0 34.0
73.0 27.0
Percent Homeowner ................................................................. With mortgage ............................................................................ Without mortgage .......................................................................
80.0 18.0 62.0
63.0 9.0 54.0
58.0 8.0 51.0
71.0 10.0 61.0
83.0 13.0 69.0
85.0 20.0 66.0
88.0 20.0 68.0
92.0 29.0 63.0
93.0 34.0 59.0
93.0 40.0 53.0
AVERAGE ANNUAL EXPENDITURES ....................................
29 894
18 263
13 825
18 884
23 659
30 136
35 231
38 874
47 614
72 451
Food ........................................................................................... Food at home ............................................................................. Cereals and bakery products ................................................. Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs ................................................ Dairy products ........................................................................ Fruits and vegetables ............................................................. Other food at home ................................................................ Food away from home ................................................................
4 047 2 647 400 661 286 520 779 1 400
3 243 2 224 382 577 219 410 636 1 019
2 355 1 768 292 465 182 341 488 588
2 780 2 102 324 523 226 428 602 677
3 357 2 288 373 548 253 458 657 1 069
4 290 2 817 425 711 309 560 812 1 473
4 722 3 047 428 718 346 601 954 1 675
5 319 3 265 487 808 379 576 1 015 2 054
6 150 3 495 483 799 376 690 1 146 2 655
7 961 4 435 624 1 257 425 891 1 238 3 526
Item
NUMBER OF CONSUMER UNITS (THOUSANDS) ..................
$70,000 and over
CONSUMER UNIT CHARACTERISTICS
(2)
Alcoholic Beverages ................................................................
239
79
98
100
143
207
274
317
584
880
Housing ..................................................................................... Shelter ........................................................................................ Owned dwellings .................................................................... Rented dwellings .................................................................... Other lodging .......................................................................... Utilities, fuels, and public services .............................................. Household operations ................................................................ Housekeeping supplies .............................................................. Household furnishings and equipment .......................................
9 581 5 022 3 322 1 298 402 2 424 633 523 978
6 853 4 023 1 818 1 951 254 1 810 224 351 446
5 659 3 233 1 503 1 673 56 1 641 177 296 313
6 942 3 733 1 999 1 574 159 1 963 435 295 516
8 179 4 337 2 860 1 248 228 2 268 536 428 610
9 524 4 793 3 304 1 185 304 2 501 611 554 1 065
10 933 5 265 3 572 1 146 547 2 746 881 689 1 352
12 157 5 748 4 498 683 566 2 924 1 014 777 1 693
13 737 7 235 5 489 905 840 3 178 828 862 1 634
19 397 10 776 8 141 1 118 1 518 3 781 1 519 1 002 2 319
Apparel and Services ...............................................................
997
658
552
610
719
927
1 237
1 107
1 691
2 863
Transportation .......................................................................... Vehicle purchases (net outlay) ................................................... Gasoline and motor oil ............................................................... Other vehicle expenses .............................................................. Public transportation ...................................................................
4 850 2 140 793 1 600 317
2 366 3897 482 781 206
1 281 3297 314 568 103
2 674 1 147 470 906 150
3 834 1 609 683 1 363 178
4 967 2 141 862 1 636 328
5 886 2 498 1 043 1 989 356
6 696 2 834 1 135 2 279 447
10 116 5 118 1 377 3 011 610
11 489 5 621 1 433 3 467 968
Health Care ............................................................................... Health insurance ........................................................................ Medical services ......................................................................... Drugs .......................................................................................... Medical supplies .........................................................................
3 784 1 972 671 975 166
2 378 1 293 312 618 154
1 952 1 163 187 549 53
2 884 1 560 417 775 132
3 632 1 991 461 1 041 138
4 432 2 275 718 1 208 232
4 482 2 242 1 008 1 050 183
4 722 2 542 951 1 055 173
4 928 2 460 988 1 276 204
5 782 2 643 1 594 1 268 277
Entertainment ...........................................................................
1 370
588
440
662
835
1 604
2 262
1 913
2 252
3 030
Personal Care Products and Services ...................................
458
303
233
315
417
474
519
595
762
866
Reading .....................................................................................
150
69
58
98
113
170
171
209
255
328
Education ..................................................................................
188
3170
319
48
59
126
200
336
369
958
Tobacco Products and Smoking Supplies ............................
167
116
117
122
158
177
189
226
187
280
Miscellaneous ...........................................................................
633
403
339
366
516
840
660
687
937
1 293
Cash Contributions ..................................................................
1 991
662
537
818
1 208
1 686
2 397
2 140
2 517
9 278
Personal Insurance and Pensions .......................................... Life and other personal insurance .............................................. Pensions and Social Security .....................................................
1 440 423 1 018
377 162 215
185 160 25
466 248 218
490 324 167
712 368 344
1 299 464 835
2 450 529 1 920
3 130 650 2 480
8 046 1 418 6 628
1Components of income and taxes are derived from "complete income reporters" only. 2Value less than 0.05. 3Data are likely to have large sampling errors.
432
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 8-23. Consumer Expenditures, Averages for Single Men by Income Before Taxes, 2002–2003 (Number, dollar, percent.) Complete reporting of income Item
All single men
NUMBER OF CONSUMER UNITS (THOUSANDS) .......................
Complete reporting of income, total
15 055
12 792
Less than $5,000
1 199
$5,000 to $9,999
1 720
$10,000 to $14,999
1 492
$15,000 to $19,999
1 204
$20,000 to $29,999
1 942
$30,000 to $39,999
1 678
$40,000 and over
3 557
CONSUMER UNIT CHARACTERISTICS Average Income Before Taxes1 ....................................................
31 591
31 591
1 524
7 482
12 327
17 058
24 505
34 089
69 076
Average Income After Taxes1 .......................................................
29 221
29 221
1 533
7 408
12 136
16 628
23 439
32 222
62 275
Age of Reference Person ..............................................................
45.1
45.2
33.0
47.6
51.5
49.5
45.6
43.7
44.4
Average Number in Consumer Unit Persons ........................................................................................... Children under 18 ............................................................................ Persons 65 and over ....................................................................... Earners ............................................................................................ Vehicles ...........................................................................................
1.0 X 0.2 0.7 1.2
1.0 X 0.2 0.8 1.2
1.0 X 0.1 0.7 0.7
1.0 X 0.3 0.5 0.8
1.0 X 0.4 0.5 1.0
1.0 X 0.3 0.7 1.2
1.0 X 0.2 0.8 1.2
1.0 X 0.1 0.9 1.5
1.0 X 0.1 1.0 1.7
Percent Distribution Male .................................................................................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Percent Homeowner ...................................................................... With mortgage ................................................................................. Without mortgage ............................................................................
45.0 22.0 22.0
44.0 22.0 22.0
17.0 5.0 12.0
28.0 5.0 23.0
38.0 7.0 31.0
43.0 14.0 29.0
41.0 15.0 27.0
49.0 30.0 19.0
63.0 47.0 16.0
AVERAGE ANNUAL EXPENDITURES ..........................................
25 883
27 178
14 129
13 696
16 459
20 150
23 216
29 923
45 545
Food ................................................................................................ Food at home .................................................................................. Cereals and bakery products ....................................................... Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs ...................................................... Dairy products ............................................................................. Fruits and vegetables .................................................................. Other food at home ...................................................................... Food away from home .....................................................................
3 239 1 477 205 371 151 254 496 1 762
3 420 1 509 210 368 158 259 514 1 911
2 350 985 147 207 117 171 343 1 365
2 221 1 063 161 258 118 163 364 1 158
2 714 1 570 246 405 164 256 500 1 144
2 663 1 406 205 346 151 238 466 1 257
2 989 1 462 193 363 152 252 503 1 527
3 489 1 577 211 409 159 273 525 1 912
4 962 1 838 244 430 189 328 647 3 124
Alcoholic Beverages .....................................................................
420
464
190
216
298
359
388
452
794
Housing .......................................................................................... Shelter ............................................................................................. Owned dwellings ......................................................................... Rented dwellings ......................................................................... Other lodging ............................................................................... Utilities, fuels, and public services ................................................... Household operations ...................................................................... Housekeeping supplies ................................................................... Household furnishings and equipment ............................................
8 877 5 937 2 674 2 943 321 1 642 321 217 759
9 051 6 000 2 681 2 984 335 1 645 343 247 816
4 417 3 081 636 2 108 337 787 91 126 332
4 840 3 245 758 2 317 171 1 050 113 145 287
5 906 3 768 1 143 2 462 164 1 329 289 171 349
7 467 4 982 1 668 3 213 101 1 567 182 234 501
7 751 4 932 1 608 3 203 122 1 662 370 205 583
10 723 6 815 3 024 3 590 201 1 941 698 297 972
14 389 9 797 5 714 3 338 745 2 232 435 357 1 568
Apparel and Services ....................................................................
717
764
496
403
360
409
540
874
1 363
Transportation ............................................................................... Vehicle purchases (net outlay) ........................................................ Gasoline and motor oil ..................................................................... Other vehicle expenses ................................................................... Public transportation ........................................................................
4 600 2 041 818 1 460 280
4 792 2 151 822 1 526 294
2 343 2875 520 815 134
2 253 1 007 456 638 153
2 795 1 314 594 760 127
3 345 1 194 757 1 221 172
4 543 2 114 849 1 389 190
5 884 2 732 1 049 1 904 199
7 787 3 555 1 098 2 509 625
Health Care ..................................................................................... Health insurance .............................................................................. Medical services .............................................................................. Drugs ............................................................................................... Medical supplies ..............................................................................
1 202 602 339 219 42
1 233 603 357 226 46
457 180 122 111 243
753 390 166 138 60
1 107 624 189 273 21
1 308 639 294 334 41
1 157 595 223 307 32
1 510 743 482 232 53
1 664 765 637 204 58
Entertainment ................................................................................
1 341
1 395
658
638
671
913
1 399
1 317
2 491
Personal Care Products and Services .........................................
193
203
141
109
209
167
159
228
286
Reading ..........................................................................................
93
99
48
48
84
67
93
99
159
Education .......................................................................................
685
699
2 052
1 043
523
581
364
447
491
Tobacco Products and Smoking Supplies ..................................
270
284
191
286
282
336
323
267
285
Miscellaneous ................................................................................
557
595
230
266
297
432
686
571
1 008
Cash Contributions .......................................................................
1 224
1 306
302
320
499
1 002
1 081
1 167
2 752
Personal Insurance and Pensions ............................................... Life and other personal insurance ................................................... Pensions and Social Security ..........................................................
2 465 163 2 302
2 874 175 2 698
254 41 213
300 51 249
714 135 580
1 103 157 945
1 745 144 1 601
2 895 158 2 737
7 113 330 6 783
1Components of income and taxes are derived 2Data are likely to have large sampling errors.
X = Not applicable.
from "complete income reporters" only.
433
CONSUMER EXPENDITURES
Table 8-24. Consumer Expenditures, Averages for Single Women by Income Before Taxes, 2002–2003 (Number, dollar, percent.) Complete reporting of income Item
All single women
NUMBER OF CONSUMER UNITS (THOUSANDS) .......................
Complete reporting of income, total
Less than $5,000
$5,000 to $9,999
$10,000 to $14,999
$15,000 to $19,999
$20,000 to $29,999
$30,000 to $39,999
$40,000 and over
18 437
15 422
1 456
3 048
2 969
1 724
2 357
1 381
2 487
CONSUMER UNIT CHARACTERISTICS Average Income Before Taxes 1 ...................................................
23 352
23 352
2 332
7 809
12 308
17 315
24 354
34 203
65 098
Average Income After Taxes 1 ......................................................
22 204
22 204
2 300
7 757
12 231
16 987
23 399
32 494
60 236
Age of Reference Person ..............................................................
56.4
56.6
42.6
59.4
66.2
61.2
55.4
51.8
50.4
Average Number in Consumer Unit Persons ........................................................................................... Children under 18 ............................................................................ Persons 65 and over ....................................................................... Earners ............................................................................................ Vehicles ...........................................................................................
1.0 X 0.4 0.5 0.9
1.0 X 0.4 0.6 0.9
1.0 X 0.2 0.6 0.5
1.0 X 0.5 0.3 0.6
1.0 X 0.7 0.3 0.8
1.0 X 0.6 0.5 1.0
1.0 X 0.4 0.7 1.0
1.0 X 0.2 0.8 1.1
1.0 X 0.1 0.9 1.2
Percent Distribution Female .............................................................................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Percent Homeowner ...................................................................... With mortgage ................................................................................. Without mortgage ............................................................................
55.0 20.0 35.0
54.0 20.0 34.0
24.0 7.0 18.0
39.0 8.0 31.0
58.0 10.0 48.0
61.0 12.0 49.0
59.0 24.0 35.0
63.0 37.0 26.0
71.0 49.0 22.0
AVERAGE ANNUAL EXPENDITURES ..........................................
22 321
23 504
13 289
13 197
17 876
21 641
25 513
30 867
43 323
Food ................................................................................................ Food at home .................................................................................. Cereals and bakery products ....................................................... Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs ...................................................... Dairy products ............................................................................. Fruits and vegetables .................................................................. Other food at home ...................................................................... Food away from home .....................................................................
2 585 1 590 234 350 173 311 522 995
2 757 1 699 250 369 185 333 563 1 058
1 995 1 200 185 286 126 203 401 796
2 060 1 470 243 340 168 275 444 590
2 274 1 623 256 350 181 336 500 651
2 687 1 709 280 358 203 330 538 978
2 824 1 705 254 360 177 343 571 1 119
3 241 1 862 246 390 199 355 671 1 379
4 010 2 127 259 453 223 426 767 1 883
Alcoholic Beverages .....................................................................
175
197
94
87
127
162
142
316
427
Housing .......................................................................................... Shelter ............................................................................................. Owned dwellings ......................................................................... Rented dwellings ......................................................................... Other lodging ............................................................................... Utilities, fuels, and public services ................................................... Household operations ...................................................................... Housekeeping supplies ................................................................... Household furnishings and equipment ............................................
8 540 5 217 2 629 2 338 250 1 812 412 323 777
8 662 5 216 2 591 2 363 262 1 823 410 368 845
5 106 3 252 878 2 109 265 1 026 81 261 485
5 314 3 190 960 2 088 142 1 336 168 268 352
6 642 3 739 1 554 2 042 143 1 708 362 296 536
8 401 4 873 2 257 2 324 293 1 937 481 435 674
9 329 5 591 2 736 2 667 187 1 968 489 359 923
10 762 6 619 3 597 2 784 238 2 239 440 405 1 058
15 486 9 713 6 366 2 736 611 2 575 816 535 1 846
Apparel and Services ....................................................................
1 002
1 087
892
659
707
989
1 141
1 297
1 940
Transportation ............................................................................... Vehicle purchases (net outlay) ........................................................ Gasoline and motor oil ..................................................................... Other vehicle expenses ................................................................... Public transportation ........................................................................
3 264 1 380 531 1 099 254
3 407 1 444 534 1 159 270
1 410 2463 366 403 178
1 448 529 304 471 144
2 526 1 161 392 821 152
2 788 2914 563 1 110 201
4 351 1 962 638 1 500 251
4 885 1 916 770 1 808 391
6 721 3 088 837 2 184 611
Health Care ..................................................................................... Health insurance .............................................................................. Medical services .............................................................................. Drugs ............................................................................................... Medical supplies ..............................................................................
1 815 905 350 476 85
1 895 922 368 511 94
911 450 183 237 42
1 349 729 133 443 45
2 390 1 183 400 668 138
2 286 1 208 323 653 103
2 100 1 024 427 559 90
1 896 834 456 479 127
2 077 878 655 434 109
Entertainment ................................................................................
934
991
578
520
665
954
1 070
1 308
1 927
Personal Care Products and Services .........................................
409
448
254
259
369
487
446
515
781
Reading ..........................................................................................
107
112
54
54
95
101
147
128
205
Education .......................................................................................
403
431
1 125
437
277
360
202
278
550
Tobacco Products and Smoking Supplies ..................................
146
155
99
163
118
158
205
156
173
Miscellaneous ................................................................................
475
516
358
230
350
556
595
852
869
Cash Contributions .......................................................................
845
934
254
344
724
930
1 072
1 913
1 632
Personal Insurance and Pensions ............................................... Life and other personal insurance ................................................... Pensions and Social Security ..........................................................
1 622 177 1 445
1 912 196 1 716
158 40 118
271 142 129
612 180 432
780 200 580
1 888 200 1 688
3 321 277 3 043
6 528 320 6 208
1Components of income and taxes are derived 2Data are likely to have large sampling errors.
X = Not applicable.
from "complete income reporters" only.
434
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 8-25. Consumer Expenditures, Averages by Selected Metropolitan Statistical Areas, 2002–2003: Northeast Region (Number, dollar, percent.) Item
NUMBER OF CONSUMER UNITS (THOUSANDS) ..................
All consumer units in the Northeast
New York
Philadelphia
Boston
Pittsburgh
21 748
7 446
2 404
2 605
1 038
Average Income Before Taxes1 ...............................................
55 278
66 643
59 006
59 648
52 988
Age of Reference Person .........................................................
49.4
49.2
49.9
47.8
52.6
Average Number in Consumer Unit Persons ...................................................................................... Children under 18 ....................................................................... Persons 65 and over .................................................................. Earners ....................................................................................... Vehicles ......................................................................................
2.4 0.6 0.3 1.3 1.7
2.7 0.7 0.3 1.4 1.4
2.6 0.7 0.3 1.3 1.7
2.3 0.6 0.3 1.3 1.6
2.3 0.5 0.4 1.3 2.0
Percent Homeowner .................................................................
64
56
74
62
73
AVERAGE ANNUAL EXPENDITURES ....................................
42 274
50 319
40 986
41 814
42 102
Food ........................................................................................... Food at home ............................................................................. Cereals and bakery products ................................................. Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs ................................................ Dairy products ........................................................................ Fruits and vegetables ............................................................. Other food at home ................................................................ Food away from home ................................................................
5 771 3 301 491 883 350 595 981 2 470
7 005 3 808 570 1 079 396 732 1 031 3 197
4 862 2 630 411 711 280 470 758 2 232
5 627 3 303 495 897 356 562 994 2 324
5 295 3 102 473 821 322 515 972 2 192
Alcoholic Beverages ................................................................
442
469
448
504
403
Housing ..................................................................................... Shelter ........................................................................................ Owned dwellings .................................................................... Rented dwellings .................................................................... Other lodging .......................................................................... Utilities, fuels, and public services .............................................. Household operations ................................................................ Housekeeping supplies .............................................................. Household furnishings and equipment .......................................
14 687 9 049 5 864 2 617 569 2 821 809 511 1 497
18 919 12 402 7 640 4 066 696 3 055 1 113 553 1 796
14 780 8 843 6 522 1 867 454 3 105 789 517 1 527
15 211 10 145 6 318 3 203 623 2 676 772 407 1 212
12 310 6 528 4 562 1 481 485 2 902 639 532 1 708
Apparel and Services ...............................................................
1 911
2 638
2 106
1 610
1 630
Transportation .......................................................................... Vehicle purchases (net outlay) ................................................... Gasoline and motor oil ............................................................... Other vehicle expenses .............................................................. Public transportation ...................................................................
7 113 3 038 1 120 2 380 575
7 729 2 928 1 101 2 658 1 042
6 510 2 399 1 142 2 596 374
7 175 3 518 1 159 2 074 424
6 972 2 769 1 164 2 639 399
Health Care ...............................................................................
2 166
2 235
2 138
2 007
2 459
Entertainment ...........................................................................
2 200
2 350
2 031
2 019
2 550
Personal Care Products and Services ...................................
525
643
567
496
533
CONSUMER UNIT CHARACTERISTICS
Reading .....................................................................................
159
166
132
163
169
Education ..................................................................................
1 051
1 260
834
1 118
1 139
Tobacco Products and Smoking Supplies ............................
311
266
289
273
492
Miscellaneous ...........................................................................
639
771
682
473
705
Cash Contributions ..................................................................
1 180
949
1 050
1 016
3 570
Personal Insurance and Pensions .......................................... Life and other personal insurance .............................................. Pensions and Social Security .....................................................
4 120 456 3 664
4 918 531 4 388
4 556 461 4 095
4 121 235 3 886
3 875 485 3 390
1Components
of income and taxes are derived from "complete income reporters" only.
435
CONSUMER EXPENDITURES
Table 8-26. Consumer Expenditures, Averages by Selected Metropolitan Statistical Areas, 2002–2003: South Region (Number, dollar, percent.) All consumer units in the South
Washington, D.C.
40 664
2 090
1 083
1 804
1 681
937
2 159
1 756
Average Income Before Taxes1 ...............................................
46 201
73 732
58 371
60 529
48 411
49 794
63 972
57 114
Age of Reference Person .........................................................
48.2
45.9
51.8
45.8
48.4
50.3
46.1
45.0
Average Number in Consumer Unit Persons ...................................................................................... Children under 18 ....................................................................... Persons 65 and over .................................................................. Earners ....................................................................................... Vehicles ......................................................................................
2.5 0.6 0.3 1.3 1.9
2.6 0.7 0.2 1.6 1.8
2.5 0.7 0.4 1.2 1.6
2.6 0.7 0.2 1.4 1.8
2.7 0.7 0.4 1.4 1.6
2.4 0.6 0.4 1.3 1.9
2.6 0.7 0.2 1.6 2.0
2.8 0.9 0.2 1.5 1.9
Percent Homeowner .................................................................
69
71
69
73
63
73
66
60
AVERAGE ANNUAL EXPENDITURES ....................................
37 456
50 985
39 909
39 549
42 656
35 776
49 899
47 434
Food ........................................................................................... Food at home ............................................................................. Cereals and bakery products ................................................. Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs ................................................ Dairy products ........................................................................ Fruits and vegetables ............................................................. Other food at home ................................................................ Food away from home ................................................................
5 030 2 978 417 822 299 500 940 2 051
6 288 3 180 446 806 320 633 974 3 109
5 411 3 148 436 911 287 550 965 2 263
5 085 2 811 375 841 279 539 778 2 274
5 704 3 757 520 1 058 425 732 1 022 1 947
4 074 2 429 330 681 263 464 691 1 645
6 537 3 697 492 1 007 368 604 1 226 2 840
5 822 3 026 401 809 328 512 977 2 795
Item
NUMBER OF CONSUMER UNITS (THOUSANDS) ..................
Baltimore
Atlanta
Miami
DallasFort Worth
Tampa
Houston
CONSUMER UNIT CHARACTERISTICS
Alcoholic Beverages ................................................................
314
641
465
279
432
425
405
346
Housing ..................................................................................... Shelter ........................................................................................ Owned dwellings .................................................................... Rented dwellings .................................................................... Other lodging .......................................................................... Utilities, fuels, and public services .............................................. Household operations ................................................................ Housekeeping supplies .............................................................. Household furnishings and equipment .......................................
11 888 6 571 4 427 1 773 371 2 834 678 493 1 313
18 863 12 189 8 641 2 958 589 3 067 932 648 2 028
13 801 8 648 6 102 2 036 510 2 767 598 588 1 199
14 548 8 783 6 383 2 024 376 3 421 699 401 1 243
16 178 10 161 6 685 3 155 321 3 068 991 524 1 434
13 355 7 800 5 561 1 889 350 3 021 848 398 1 288
15 726 9 209 6 065 2 528 616 3 538 794 559 1 627
15 121 8 515 5 417 2 719 379 3 284 1 030 585 1 707
Apparel and Services ...............................................................
1 520
2 240
1 920
1 567
1 545
994
2 055
2 078
Transportation .......................................................................... Vehicle purchases (net outlay) ................................................... Gasoline and motor oil ............................................................... Other vehicle expenses .............................................................. Public transportation ...................................................................
7 509 3 744 1 281 2 225 259
7 853 3 374 1 318 2 454 707
5 605 1 852 1 139 2 215 400
7 400 3 610 1 222 2 289 280
8 348 3 709 1 324 2 868 447
7 291 3 546 1 142 2 407 196
9 815 4 939 1 510 3 018 348
9 891 5 243 1 467 2 794 386
Health Care ...............................................................................
2 413
2 289
2 108
1 903
2 059
2 167
2 833
2 494
Entertainment ...........................................................................
1 759
2 340
1 756
1 463
1 549
1 684
2 135
2 515
Personal Care Products and Services ...................................
502
651
643
422
589
383
624
648
Reading .....................................................................................
98
164
101
59
65
88
125
115
Education ..................................................................................
535
1 219
717
596
690
388
558
728
Tobacco Products and Smoking Supplies ............................
297
184
295
145
256
308
253
316
Miscellaneous ...........................................................................
658
732
539
626
1 334
564
594
721
Cash Contributions ..................................................................
1 270
1 474
1 092
1 016
595
773
2 150
1 823
Personal Insurance and Pensions .......................................... Life and other personal insurance .............................................. Pensions and Social Security .....................................................
3 662 385 3 277
6 046 537 5 509
5 456 405 5 051
4 438 494 3 945
3 313 231 3 082
3 283 372 2 911
6 089 430 5 659
4 816 403 4 413
1Components
of income and taxes are derived from "complete income reporters" only.
436
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 8-27. Consumer Expenditures, Averages by Selected Metropolitan Statistical Areas, 2002–2003: Midwest Region (Number, dollar, percent.) Item
NUMBER OF CONSUMER UNITS (THOUSANDS) ...................
All consumer units in the Midwest
Chicago
Detroit
Milwaukee
MinneapolisSt. Paul
Cleveland
Cincinnati
St. Louis
Kansas City
26 161
3 097
2 019
746
1 254
1 267
956
1 011
804
Average Income Before Taxes1 ................................................
50 861
64 670
57 541
48 531
69 758
50 391
52 271
55 698
57 460
Age of Reference Person ..........................................................
48.6
47.7
48.8
49.9
47.4
49.2
48.6
49.6
47.2
Average Number in Consumer Unit Persons ........................................................................................ Children under 18 ........................................................................ Persons 65 and over .................................................................... Earners ........................................................................................ Vehicles .......................................................................................
2.5 0.6 0.3 1.4 2.2
2.8 0.8 0.2 1.5 1.7
2.6 0.7 0.3 1.3 2.0
2.5 0.7 0.3 1.3 2.0
2.4 0.6 0.2 1.4 2.6
2.4 0.6 0.3 1.4 1.8
2.3 0.6 0.3 1.3 1.9
2.4 0.6 0.3 1.3 1.9
2.7 0.8 0.2 1.5 2.1
Percent Homeowner ..................................................................
70
69
74
61
71
73
58
70
69
AVERAGE ANNUAL EXPENDITURES ......................................
40 435
47 016
44 039
40 890
54 088
37 487
39 030
44 654
43 450
Food ............................................................................................ Food at home ............................................................................... Cereals and bakery products ................................................... Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs .................................................. Dairy products .......................................................................... Fruits and vegetables .............................................................. Other food at home .................................................................. Food away from home .................................................................
5 133 2 918 423 721 322 481 971 2 215
6 001 3 418 472 875 354 624 1 093 2 583
5 511 3 073 466 781 329 545 950 2 439
5 234 2 882 424 717 286 475 980 2 352
6 235 3 444 501 738 409 592 1 203 2 791
4 574 2 761 395 844 291 448 784 1 813
5 303 3 052 448 776 320 457 1 051 2 250
5 662 3 363 478 902 326 562 1 095 2 299
5 672 3 421 496 876 388 545 1 115 2 250
CONSUMER UNIT CHARACTERISTICS
Alcoholic Beverages .................................................................
406
486
430
536
634
306
363
330
313
Housing ...................................................................................... Shelter ......................................................................................... Owned dwellings ...................................................................... Rented dwellings ..................................................................... Other lodging ........................................................................... Utilities, fuels, and public services ............................................... Household operations .................................................................. Housekeeping supplies ................................................................ Household furnishings and equipment ........................................
12 636 7 091 4 926 1 689 477 2 769 592 640 1 543
17 059 10 290 7 333 2 344 612 3 190 876 624 2 080
14 429 8 814 6 504 1 717 593 2 911 732 530 1 442
14 364 8 786 5 594 2 596 596 2 558 622 601 1 796
17 451 10 575 7 365 2 377 833 2 766 849 730 2 531
12 335 7 262 5 349 1 565 348 3 079 472 432 1 089
13 072 7 715 4 246 3 084 385 2 520 586 510 1 741
13 961 7 980 5 303 1 977 699 3 083 877 434 1 587
14 022 7 848 5 463 2 007 378 3 329 718 560 1 567
Apparel And Services ................................................................
1 643
2 017
2 473
1 880
2 056
1 378
1 435
1 874
1 490
Transportation ........................................................................... Vehicle purchases (net outlay) .................................................... Gasoline and motor oil ................................................................. Other vehicle expenses ............................................................... Public transportation ....................................................................
7 973 3 904 1 314 2 399 357
7 961 3 570 1 325 2 410 657
9 024 3 955 1 354 3 229 486
6 797 3 002 1 284 2 142 368
9 280 4 209 1 400 3 007 664
7 702 3 716 1 107 2 531 349
7 803 3 917 1 152 2 466 269
8 359 4 231 1 261 2 545 322
8 794 4 255 1 559 2 655 324
Health Care .................................................................................
2 486
2 462
1 999
2 429
2 576
2 035
2 126
2 588
2 533 2 047
Entertainment .............................................................................
2 060
2 326
1 950
2 114
3 596
1 794
2 047
2 218
Personal Care Products and Services .....................................
507
588
630
521
650
397
502
558
555
Reading .......................................................................................
145
138
145
147
202
125
166
159
166
Education ...................................................................................
757
1 224
767
634
1 044
789
629
956
647
Tobacco Products and Smoking Supplies ..............................
379
300
383
368
309
347
323
358
301
Miscellaneous ............................................................................
710
945
805
537
1 126
616
554
677
640
Cash Contributions ...................................................................
1 417
1 431
1 158
1 342
1 937
863
1 229
2 182
1 625
Personal Insurance and Pensions ........................................... Life and other personal insurance ............................................... Pensions and Social Security ......................................................
4 181 435 3 746
4 077 324 3 754
4 335 304 4 031
3 988 414 3 575
6 993 641 6 352
4 227 469 3 758
3 478 331 3 147
4 771 746 4 025
4 643 397 4 246
1Components
of income and taxes are derived from "complete income reporters" only.
CONSUMER EXPENDITURES
437
Table 8-28. Consumer Expenditures, Averages by Selected Metropolitan Statistical Areas, 2002–2003: West Region (Number, dollar, percent.)
Item
NUMBER OF CONSUMER UNITS (THOUSANDS) .........
All consumer units in the West
Los Angeles
San Francisco
San Diego
Portland
Seattle
Honolulu
Anchorage
Phoenix
Denver
25 159
5 169
2 770
871
1 071
1 578
275
91
1 297
1 234
Average Income Before Taxes1 ......................................
52 267
56 275
74 377
55 169
53 706
56 590
59 114
64 301
49 640
62 567
Age of Reference Person ................................................
47.0
47.4
48.0
48.8
46.5
47.7
53.7
43.6
46.7
44.0
Average Number in Consumer Unit Persons .............................................................................. Children under 18 .............................................................. Persons 65 and over .......................................................... Earners .............................................................................. Vehicles .............................................................................
2.6 0.7 0.3 1.4 2.0
2.8 0.8 0.3 1.5 1.9
2.6 0.7 0.2 1.4 1.9
2.7 0.7 0.3 1.4 2.0
2.5 0.7 0.3 1.4 2.2
2.3 0.5 0.3 1.4 2.3
2.8 0.6 0.5 1.4 1.6
2.8 0.9 0.1 1.5 2.7
2.5 0.7 0.3 1.3 1.8
2.6 0.7 0.2 1.5 2.2
Percent Homeowner ........................................................
62.0
56.0
63.0
58.0
63.0
65.0
57.0
67.0
63.0
66.0
AVERAGE ANNUAL EXPENDITURES ............................
45 058
49 765
53 135
47 137
45 172
49 114
44 505
54 229
44 078
50 208
Food .................................................................................. Food at home ..................................................................... Cereals and bakery products ......................................... Meats, poultry, fish, and eggs ........................................ Dairy products ................................................................ Fruits and vegetables .................................................... Other food at home ........................................................ Food away from home .......................................................
5 755 3 373 476 828 362 634 1 073 2 382
6 402 3 506 481 875 375 737 1 039 2 895
6 551 3 628 492 887 359 780 1 109 2 923
5 929 3 175 423 810 323 635 985 2 754
5 423 3 239 454 712 384 542 1 148 2 184
6 465 4 176 586 1 029 433 714 1 414 2 289
5 819 3 269 462 866 287 630 1 024 2 549
6 898 4 096 530 1 015 478 700 1 373 2 802
5 615 3 244 488 833 355 585 983 2 372
6 489 3 903 552 930 438 709 1 274 2 586
CONSUMER UNIT CHARACTERISTICS
Alcoholic Beverages .......................................................
420
467
607
382
472
369
357
419
436
680
Housing ............................................................................ Shelter ............................................................................... Owned dwellings ............................................................ Rented dwellings ........................................................... Other lodging ................................................................. Utilities, fuels, and public services ..................................... Household operations ........................................................ Housekeeping supplies ...................................................... Household furnishings and equipment ..............................
15 335 9 710 6 227 2 925 558 2 527 783 522 1 793
17 986 11 852 7 218 4 089 544 2 568 947 585 2 035
20 349 14 552 9 322 4 580 649 2 566 1 208 514 1 510
17 797 11 553 6 407 4 520 627 2 608 930 582 2 123
15 590 9 457 6 102 2 702 653 2 778 898 453 2 003
16 619 10 850 7 531 2 646 674 2 687 745 542 1 795
15 156 10 067 5 367 3 971 728 2 492 707 480 1 410
17 178 10 591 7 081 2 946 563 2 703 896 665 2 323
14 515 8 411 5 427 2 514 470 2 773 821 489 2 021
16 584 10 272 6 616 3 228 428 2 660 955 638 2 059
Apparel and Services ......................................................
1 835
2 246
2 196
1 897
1 831
1 994
1 467
1 822
1 539
1 659
Transportation ................................................................. Vehicle purchases (net outlay) .......................................... Gasoline and motor oil ....................................................... Other vehicle expenses ..................................................... Public transportation ..........................................................
8 548 3 983 1 403 2 700 462
9 162 4 019 1 580 3 070 493
8 802 3 776 1 455 2 870 701
8 652 3 600 1 513 3 109 429
6 807 2 417 1 253 2 639 497
9 347 4 592 1 342 2 844 568
8 023 3 724 1 142 2 208 948
10 765 5 487 1 450 3 043 784
8 659 3 947 1 266 3 017 430
9 652 4 301 1 327 3 484 540
Health Care .......................................................................
2 418
2 196
2 580
2 275
2 751
2 730
2 617
2 595
2 551
2 652
Entertainment ...................................................................
2 465
2 386
2 273
2 122
2 803
2 936
2 276
3 604
2 318
2 667
Personal Care Products and Services ...........................
587
755
595
683
571
581
542
715
584
643
Reading .............................................................................
154
152
207
137
205
182
170
253
148
142
Education .........................................................................
911
899
933
901
855
761
1 040
714
505
748
Tobacco Products and Smoking Supplies ....................
235
194
223
209
275
329
300
405
325
302
Miscellaneous ..................................................................
799
911
774
848
1 028
652
831
1 332
980
1 085
Cash Contributions .........................................................
1 440
1 426
1 218
1 003
1 690
1 432
1 226
1 545
1 397
1 589
Personal Insurance and Pensions ................................. Life and other personal insurance ..................................... Pensions and Social Security ............................................
4 156 346 3 810
4 582 340 4 243
5 825 470 5 355
4 302 369 3 933
4 872 492 4 380
4 716 417 4 300
4 684 607 4 076
5 985 585 5 400
4 506 395 4 112
5 316 413 4 903
1Components
of income and taxes are derived from "complete income reporters" only.
PART NINE OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH HIGHLIGHTS This part includes data on work-related illnesses and fatal work injuries based on the Annual Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses and the Census of Fatal Occupations. Data are classified by industry and selected worker characteristics.
Nonfatal Occupational Injuries and Illness Rates by Major Industry, 2003 Transportation and warehousing Manufacturing Construction Education and health services Trade, transportation, and utilities
Industry
Retail trade Leisure and hospitality Natural resources and mining Wholesale trade Utilities Other services Professional and business services Information Financial activities 0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
Incidence per 100 workers Total cases
Lost workday cases
Among the major industries, transportation and warehousing had the highest incidence rate of injuries in 2003, followed by manufacturing. The incidence rate of injuries that required days away from work was much lower. It ranged from 0.6 percent for financial activities to 3.5 percent for transportation and warehousing. Education and health services had the highest injury incidence rate, 6.0 percent, within the service-providing sector. (Table 9-1) OTHER HIGHLIGHTS: • In 2003, the service-providing sector accounted for 69 percent of all nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses. The goods-producing sector was responsible for 31 percent of all incidents, but a greater proportion of its workers suffered injuries or became ill. (Table 9-2) • Within the goods-producing sector, manufacturing was responsible for more than half of all injuries and illnesses, with construction accounting for 38.1 percent of incidents. Only 6.5 percent of nonfatal injuries and illnesses occurred in natural resources and mining. (Table 9-2) • Laborers and material movers, with 89,510 cases, had the highest number of nonfatal injuries and illnesses involving days away from work. Truck drivers and nursing aides and orderlies followed with 71,900 and 56,820, respectively. (Table 9-3) • Men suffered approximately 93 percent of all fatal injuries and 65 percent of all nonfatal injuries in 2003. (Tables 9-2 and 9-4) • While the number of fatal injuries declined for workers ages 16–24 between 2003 and 2004, the number rose for workers 55 years and over. (Table 9-4 in the eighth and ninth editions of this Handbook) 441
442
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
NOTES AND DEFINITIONS Collection and Coverage
road data to BLS. They are therefore not comparable to other industries.
Nonfatal Occupational Injuries and Illnesses The Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses is a federal/state program that collected employer reports from about 182,800 private industry establishments in 2003. The reports were then processed by state agencies cooperating with the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The survey measures nonfatal injuries and illnesses only. It excludes the self-employed, farms with fewer than 11 employees, private households, federal government agencies, and, for national estimates, employees in state and local government agencies BLS has reported annually on the number and rate of days-away-from-work injuries and illnesses in private industry since the early 1970s. The 2002 national survey marks the 11th year that BLS has collected additional detailed information concerning worker and case characteristics data, including lost work time. On January 19, 2001, OSHA promulgated revisions to its requirements for recording occupational injuries and illnesses. These revisions became effective January 1, 2002, and are reflected in the 2002 survey. Due to the revised requirements, the estimates from the 2002 survey are not comparable with those from previous years. The survey was not designed to determine the impact of the revision on the estimates of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses. The term “lost workdays” is eliminated and the revision requires recording of days-away-from-work and days of restricted work or transfer to another job. In addition, the new rules for counting rely on calendar days instead of workdays. Employers are no longer required to count days away from work or days of job transfer or restriction beyond 180 days. These changes affect the calculation of median days away from work, making it non-comparable to previous years. The number and frequency (incidence rates) of days away from work cases are based on logs and other records kept by private industry employers throughout the year. These records reflect the year’s injury and illness experience in addition to the employers’ understanding of which cases are work related under the current record keeping guidelines of the U. S. Department of Labor. The number of injuries and illnesses reported in a given year can be influenced by changes in the level of economic activity, working conditions and work practices, worker experience and training, and the number of hours worked. The Mine Safety and Health Administration and the Federal Railroad Administration furnish mining and rail-
Industry data are classified according to the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC). Concepts and Definitions Recordable occupational injuries and illnesses are: (1) nonfatal occupational illnesses; or (2) nonfatal occupational injuries that involve one or more of the following: loss of consciousness, restriction of work or motion, transfer to another job, or medical treatment (other than first aid). The annual survey measures only nonfatal injuries and illnesses. To better address fatalities, BLS implemented the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (see below). Occupational injury is any injury—such as a cut, fracture, sprain, amputation, and so forth—that results from a work accident or from exposure involving an incident in the work environment. Occupational illness is an abnormal condition or disorder (other than one resulting from an occupational injury) caused by exposure to environmental factors associated with employment. It includes acute and chronic illness or disease that may be caused by inhalation, absorption, ingestion, or direct contact. Long-term latent illnesses can be difficult to relate to the workplace and are believed to be understated in this survey. Days-away-from-work are cases that involve days away from work, days of restricted work activity, or both. The data are presented in the form of incidence rates, defined as the number of injuries and illnesses or cases of days away from work per 100 full-time employees. The formula is (N/EH) x 200,000, where N=number of injuries and illnesses or days away from work, EH=total hours worked by all employees during the calendar year, and 200,000 represents the base for 100 full-time equivalent workers (working 40 hours per week, 50 weeks per year). Comparable data for individual states are available from the BLS Office of Safety, Health, and Working Conditions. Fatal Occupational Injuries Since 1992, BLS has collected a comprehensive count of work-related deaths in the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI). The BLS fatality census covers not only private wage and salary workers, but also workers on small farms, the self-employed, family workers, and public sector workers.
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
The CFOI program is a cooperative venture between the state and federal governments. The program collects and cross checks fatality information from multiple sources, including death certificates, state and federal workers’ compensation reports, OSHA and Mine Safety and Health Administration records, medical examiner and autopsy reports, media accounts, state motor vehicle fatality records, and follow-up questionnaires to employers. Fatality counts from the BLS Census are combined with annual average employment from the Current Population Survey to produce a fatal work injury rate. For a fatality to be included in the CFOI, the decedent must have been employed at the time of the event and present at the site of the incident as a job requirement. Due to the latency period of many occupational illnesses
443
and the resulting difficulty associated with linking illnesses to work, it is difficult to compile a complete count of all fatal illnesses in a given year. Thus, information on illnessrelated deaths are excluded from the basic fatality count. Industries are classified according to the North American Industry Classification system (NAICS) and occupations according to the Standard Occupational System (SOC). Sources of Additional Information For more extensive definitions and description of collection methods see BLS news release USDL 05-521 for illnesses, USDL 05-1598 for fatalities, occasional articles in Compensation and Working Conditions, and BLS Report 954.
444
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 9-1. Incidence Rates of Nonfatal Occupational Injuries and Illnesses by Selected Industries and Case Types, 2003 (Number, rate.)
Industry 1
NAICS code 2
2003 average annual employment 3
Cases with days away from work, job transfer, or restriction Total recordable cases
Cases with days away from work 4
Total
Cases with job transfer or restriction
Other recordable cases
PRIVATE INDUSTRY 5 ..........................................................
106 183.1
5.0
2.6
1.5
1.1
2.4
Goods-Producing 5 ........................................................... Natural resources and mining 5, 6 ...................................
22 788.4 1 465.1
6.7 5.1
3.7 2.8
1.9 1.8
1.8 1.0
3.0 2.3
Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting ................... Crop production ...................................................... Animal production ................................................... Forestry and logging ............................................... Fishing, hunting, and trapping ................................ Support activities for agriculture and forestry .........
11 111 112 113 114
1 156.2 555.9 205.5 72.8 10.1 311.9
6.2 6.1 8.2 6.2 1.5 5.5
3.3 3.3 3.8 4.2 1.2 2.9
2.1 2.1 2.3 4.0 0.9 1.6
1.2 1.2 1.5 0.3 0.2 1.3
2.9 2.8 ... 2.0 0.4 2.6
Mining 6 ....................................................................... Oil and gas extraction ............................................. Mining, except oil and gas 7 .................................... Support activities for mining ...................................
21 211 212 213
500.1 120.3 200.3 179.5
3.3 1.8 4.6 2.7
2.0 0.8 3.1 1.5
1.4 0.6 2.4 0.9
0.6 0.2 0.8 0.6
1.2 1.0 1.4 ...
Construction ............................................................... Construction of buildings ........................................ Heavy and civil engineering construction ............... Specialty trade contractors .....................................
23 236 237 238
6 672.4 1 565.4 891.5 4 215.5
6.8 5.7 6.5 7.3
3.6 3.0 3.5 3.9
2.6 2.2 2.4 2.8
1.0 0.8 1.2 1.1
3.2 2.7 3.0 3.4
Manufacturing ............................................................. Food manufacturing ................................................ Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing ....... Textile mills ............................................................. Textile product mills ................................................ Apparel manufacturing ...........................................
31-33 311 312 313 314 315
14 459.7 1 513.4 199.4 261.3 182.6 309.0
6.8 8.6 10.7 5.0 5.5 3.6
3.8 5.5 7.1 2.8 3.2 1.9
1.6 1.9 3.2 0.8 1.3 0.9
2.2 3.7 3.9 1.9 1.9 1.0
3.1 3.1 3.6 2.2 2.3 1.7
Leather and allied product manufacturing .............. Wood product manufacturing ................................. Paper manufacturing .............................................. Printing and related support activities ..................... Petroleum and coal products manufacturing ..........
316 321 322 323 324
45.6 534.3 514.1 672.3 115.5
7.8 10.0 4.8 4.5 2.8
4.8 5.4 2.9 2.7 1.6
2.1 2.8 1.5 1.2 0.9
2.7 2.6 1.4 1.5 0.7
3.0 4.6 1.9 1.9 1.2
Chemical manufacturing ......................................... Plastics and rubber products manufacturing .......... Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing ........... Primary metal manufacturing .................................. Fabricated metal product manufacturing ................
325 327 331 332
905.5 814.6 496.0 474.5 1 476.2
3.4 7.4 7.9 9.6 8.5
2.0 4.4 4.6 4.8 4.2
0.9 1.7 2.2 2.1 2.0
1.0 2.8 2.4 2.7 2.2
1.4 2.9 3.3 4.8 4.3
Machinery manufacturing ....................................... Computer and electronic product manufacturing .... Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing ................................................... Transportation equipment manufacturing ............... Furniture and related product manufacturing ......... Miscellaneous manufacturing .................................
333 334
1 145.8 1 354.0
6.9 2.4
3.1 1.2
1.5 0.6
1.6 0.6
3.8 1.1
335 336 337 339
457.8 1 753.7 570.3 663.6
6.1 9.3 8.7 5.0
3.1 5.1 4.7 2.7
1.2 1.8 1.9 1.2
1.9 3.3 2.8 1.5
2.9 4.1 4.1 2.3
Service-Providing .............................................................
83 394.6
4.4
2.3
1.4
0.9
2.1
Trade, transportation, and utilities 8 ................................
25 041.8
5.5
3.2
1.9
1.3
2.4
42 423 424
5 589.0 2 929.2 1 998.4
4.7 4.3 5.7
2.8 2.4 3.7
1.5 1.3 1.9
1.3 1.0 1.8
1.9 2.0 2.0
425
661.4
2.9
1.5
...
0.5
1.4
Wholesale trade .......................................................... Merchant wholesalers, durable goods .................... Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods .............. Wholesale electronic markets and agents and brokers ..............................................................
1Totals include data for industries not shown separately. 2North American Industry Classification System-United States, 2002. 3Employment is expressed as an annual average and is derived primarily from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS)-Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) program. 4Days-away-from-work cases include those which result in days away from work with or without job transfer or restriction. 5Excludes farms with fewer than 11 employees. 6Data for mining include establishments not governed by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) rules and reporting, such as those in oil and gas extraction and related support
activities. Data for mining operators in coal, metal, and nonmetal mining are provided to BLS by MSHA, U.S. Department of Labor. Independent mining contractors are excluded from the coal, metal, and nonmetal mining industries. for mining operators in this industry are provided to BLS by MSHA, U.S. Department of Labor. Independent mining contractors are excluded. These data do not reflect the changes the Occupational Safety and Health Administration made to its recordkeeping requirements effective January 1, 2002; therefore, estimates for these industries are not comparable to estimates in other industries. 8Data for employers in railroad transportation are provided to BLS by the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA), U.S. Department of Transportation. These data do not reflect the changes the Occupational Safety and Health Administration made to its recordkeeping requirements effective January 1, 2002; therefore, estimates for these industries are not comparable to estimates for other industries. . . . = Not available. 7Data
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
445
Table 9-1. Incidence Rates of Nonfatal Occupational Injuries and Illnesses by Selected Industries and Case Types, 2003—Continued (Number, rate.)
Industry 1
Retail trade ................................................................. Motor vehicle and parts dealers ............................. Furniture and home furnishings stores ................... Electronics and appliance stores ............................ Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers ................................................ Food and beverage stores ......................................
NAICS code 2
2003 average annual employment 3
Cases with days away from work, job transfer, or restriction Total recordable cases
Cases with days away from work 4
Total
Cases with job transfer or restriction
Other recordable cases
44 441 442 443
14 930.8 1 878.8 547.7 517.6
5.3 5.1 5.2 3.3
2.7 2.2 2.7 1.3
1.6 1.5 1.6 0.7
1.2 0.7 1.1 0.6
2.6 2.9 2.6 2.0
444 445
1 190.6 2 842.4
6.4 6.8
3.4 3.6
2.0 2.1
1.4 1.5
3.0 3.2
Health and personal care stores ............................. Gasoline stations .................................................... Clothing and clothing accessories stores ............... Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores ..... General merchandise stores ..................................
446 447 448 452
935.8 879.2 1 309.2 655.3 2 813.4
2.6 3.7 2.8 3.6 7.2
1.2 1.7 1.0 1.3 4.3
0.8 1.2 0.7 0.7 1.9
0.4 0.5 0.3 0.6 2.3
1.4 1.9 1.8 2.3 2.9
Miscellaneous store retailers .................................. Nonstore retailers ...................................................
453 454
937.5 423.4
3.6 5.6
1.9 3.5
1.3 1.7
0.7 1.8
1.7 2.1
Transportation and warehousing 8 .............................. Air transportation .................................................... Rail transportation 8 ................................................
48 481 482
3 946.2 527.0 ...
7.8 11.0 2.9
5.4 8.0 2.2
3.5 5.8 2.0
1.8 2.2 0.2
2.4 3.0 0.7
Water transportation ............................................... Truck transportation ................................................ Transit and ground passenger transportation ......... Pipeline transportation ............................................ Scenic and sightseeing transportation ....................
483 484 486 487
53.1 1 322.4 375.4 40.3 26.7
... 6.8 6.4 2.1 3.9
2.3 4.5 3.8 1.0 2.3
1.8 3.4 2.8 0.5 1.9
0.4 1.1 1.0 0.5 0.4
1.1 2.3 2.6 1.1 1.6
Support activities for transportation ........................ Couriers and messengers ...................................... Warehousing and storage ......................................
488 492 493
513.2 565.1 519.6
5.6 12.1 10.1
3.5 8.8 7.3
2.4 5.5 3.0
1.1 3.3 4.4
2.1 3.3 2.7
Utilities ........................................................................
22
575.9
4.4
2.2
1.2
1.0
2.2
Information .................................................................. Publishing industries, except Internet ..................... Motion picture and sound recording industries ....... Broadcasting, except Internet ................................. Telecommunications ............................................... Internet service providers, Web search portals, and services ..................................................... Other information services ......................................
51 512 515 517
3 180.8 929.5 368.5 323.9 1 079.1
2.2 2.3 ... 2.0 ...
1.1 1.1 ... 1.0 ...
0.8 0.7 0.5 0.6 1.1
0.3 0.4 0.2 0.4 ...
1.1 1.2 ... 1.0 ...
518 519
402.2 48.1
1.4 2.1
0.5 1.5
0.3 1.3
0.2 ...
... 0.6
52 521 522
7 826.9 5 782.1 22.8 2 780.4
1.7 1.1 3.1 1.1
0.8 0.4 1.4 0.4
0.6 0.3 0.7 0.3
0.2 0.1 0.7 0.1
0.9 0.7 1.7 0.7
523 524
757.0 2 137.9
0.5 1.2
0.2 0.5
0.1 0.4
0.1 0.1
0.3 0.7
525 53 531 532
83.9 2 044.9 1 381.3 637.2
1.0 3.9 3.6 4.7
0.5 2.1 1.9 2.5
0.3 1.5 1.4 1.6
0.2 0.6 0.5 1.0
0.5 1.8 1.7 2.2
Financial activities ...................................................... Finance and insurance ........................................... Monetary authorities-central bank .......................... Credit intermediation and related activities ............. Securities, commodity contracts, and other financial investments and related activities ...... Insurance carriers and related activities ................. Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles ............. Real estate and rental and leasing ......................... Real estate ......................................................... Rental and leasing services ................................ Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets, except copyrighted works ............................. Professional and business services ........................... Professional, scientific, and technical services ....... Management of companies and enterprises .......... Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services ............ Administrative and support services ................... Waste management and remediation services .. Education and health services .................................... Educational services ............................................... Health care and social assistance .......................... Ambulatory health care services ........................ Hospitals ............................................................. Nursing and residential care facilities ................. Social assistance ................................................
533
26.4
1.2
0.9
0.7
...
...
54 55
15 858.5 6 638.7 1 660.1
2.5 1.3 3.0
1.4 0.6 1.6
0.9 0.4 0.9
0.5 0.2 0.7
1.1 0.7 1.3
56 561 562
7 559.6 7 241.4 318.2
4.0 3.7 8.3
2.4 2.1 5.7
1.6 1.4 3.5
0.8 0.6 2.2
1.6 1.6 2.6
... 61 62 621 622 623 624
15 738.0 2 016.2 13 721.9 4 783.4 4 201.3 2 776.5 1 960.7
6.0 2.7 6.5 3.3 8.7 10.1 4.1
2.9 1.2 3.1 1.2 3.6 6.3 2.3
1.6 0.8 1.7 0.8 2.0 3.2 1.4
1.3 ... 1.4 0.4 1.6 3.1 0.9
3.1 1.5 3.3 2.1 5.1 3.9 1.8
1Totals include data for industries not shown separately. 2North American Industry Classification System-United States, 2002. 3Employment is expressed as an annual average and is derived primarily from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS)-Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) program. 4Days-away-from-work cases include those which result in days away from work with or without job transfer or restriction. 8Data for employers in railroad transportation are provided to BLS by the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA), U.S. Department of Transportation. These data do not reflect the changes
the Occupational Safety and Health Administration made to its recordkeeping requirements effective January 1, 2002; therefore, estimates for these industries are not comparable to estimates for other industries. . . . = Not available.
446
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 9-1. Incidence Rates of Nonfatal Occupational Injuries and Illnesses by Selected Industries and Case Types, 2003—Continued (Number, rate.)
Industry 1
Leisure and hospitality ................................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation ........................ Performing arts, spectator sports, and related industries ...................................................... Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions ..................................................... Amusement, gambling, and recreation industries ...................................................... Accommodation and food services ......................... Accommodation .................................................. Food services and drinking places ..................... Other services ............................................................ Other services, except public administration .......... Repair and maintenance .................................... Personal and laundry services ........................... Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional, and similar organizations .....................................
NAICS code 2
71
2003 average annual employment 3
12 162.2 1 816.9
Cases with days away from work, job transfer, or restriction Total recordable cases
Cases with days away from work 4
Total
5.1 5.9
2.1 2.9
1.3 1.6
Cases with job transfer or restriction
Other recordable cases
0.8 1.4
3.0 3.0
711
383.3
6.7
2.6
1.6
1.0
4.1
712
115.4
4.2
2.2
1.6
0.6
2.0
713 72 721 722
1 318.2 10 345.3 1 768.0 8 577.3
5.8 5.0 6.7 4.6
3.1 2.0 3.6 1.6
1.5 1.3 1.9 1.1
1.6 0.7 1.6 0.5
2.7 3.0 3.2 3.0
81 811 812
3 777.7 3 777.7 1 224.3 1 258.9
3.4 3.4 4.2 2.8
1.7 1.7 2.1 1.7
1.1 1.1 1.4 0.9
0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7
1.7 1.7 2.1 1.2
813
1 294.5
2.9
1.3
0.9
0.4
1.6
Note: Due to rounding, components may not add to totals. 1Totals include data for industries not shown separately. 2North American Industry Classification System-United States, 2002. 3Employment is expressed as an annual average and is derived primarily from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS)-Quarterly 4Days-away-from-work cases include those which result in days away from work with or without job transfer or restriction.
Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) program.
447
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Table 9-2. Number of Nonfatal Occupational Injuries and Illnesses Involving Days Away from Work 1 by Selected Worker Characteristics and Industry Division, Private Industry, 2003 (Numbers in thousands.) Goods-producing Characteristic
Total cases Total goods-producing 2
Natural resources and mining 3
Construction
Manufacturing
TOTAL CASES ............................................................................
13 159.2
4 076.1
263.9
1 554.2
2 258.0
Sex Men .............................................................................................. Women .........................................................................................
8 517.9 4 590.9
3 465.2 609.3
230.0 33.7
1 522.6 31.5
1 712.6 544.1
Age 4 14 to 15 years 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years
.............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. ..............................................................................
2.1 422.1 1 438.0 3 134.3 3 570.5
... 78.8 429.1 1 037.4 1 165.9
... 8.3 33.0 69.5 59.1
... 31.6 208.0 470.2 446.4
... 39.0 188.1 497.7 660.4
45 to 54 years .............................................................................. 55 to 64 years .............................................................................. 65 and over ..................................................................................
2 846.9 1 321.3 243.8
908.2 377.4 42.0
62.6 24.1 5.0
285.4 90.1 8.6
560.1 263.3 28.4
Length of Service With Employer Less than 3 months ...................................................................... 3 to 11 months ............................................................................. 1 to 5 years .................................................................................. More than 5 years ........................................................................
1 584.5 2 636.2 4 812.5 4 027.6
554.2 741.6 1 368.5 1 396.6
59.7 47.5 88.0 64.2
287.6 366.5 546.8 350.2
206.9 327.6 733.7 982.2
Race or Ethnic Origin White only .................................................................................... Black only ..................................................................................... Hispanic or Latino only ................................................................. Asian only ..................................................................................... Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander only ......................................
6 171.6 1 084.7 1 600.8 154.1 49.9
2 185.9 244.1 689.1 44.3 12.2
73.3 5.1 98.4 0.9 0.4
885.3 66.5 267.5 9.1 6.7
1 227.3 172.5 323.2 34.3 5.1
American Indian or Alaskan Native only ...................................... Hispanic or Latino and other race ................................................ Multi-race ..................................................................................... Not reported .................................................................................
69.1 12.5 13.1 4 004.6
24.6 3.5 3.3 869.2
0.8 ... ... 84.8
12.0 1.7 0.7 304.6
11.7 1.7 2.5 479.8
1Days-away-from-work cases include those which 2Exclude farms with fewer than 11 employees. 3Data for Mining (Sector 21 in the North American
result in days away from work with or without restricted work activity.
Industry Classification System–United States, 2002) include establishments not governed by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) rules and reporting, such as those in oil and gas extraction and related support activities. Data for mining operators in coal, metal, and nonmetal mining are provided to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) by MSHA, U.S. Department of Labor. Independent mining contractors are excluded from the coal, metal, and nonmetal mining industries. These data do not reflect the changes the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) made to its recordkeeping requirements effective January 1, 2002; therefore, estimates for these industries are not comparable to estimates in other industries. 4Information is not shown separately for injured workers under age 14; they accounted for fewer than 50 cases. . . . = Not available.
448
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 9-2. Number of Nonfatal Occupational Injuries and Illnesses Involving Days Away from Work 1 by Selected Worker Characteristics and Industry Division, Private Industry, 2003—Continued (Numbers in thousands.) Service-providing Characteristic
Trade, Total servicetransportation, providing and utilities 5
Information
Financial activities
Professional and business services
Educational and health services
Leisure and hospitality
Other services
TOTAL CASES ............................................................................
9 083.1
4 053.0
215.5
403.7
1 025.0
1 997.7
1 057.3
331.0
Sex Men .............................................................................................. Women .........................................................................................
5 052.7 3 981.6
2 869.8 1 135.7
144.1 71.4
225.9 177.8
683.6 340.8
402.3 1 595.0
494.0 563.1
233.1 97.8
Age 4 14 to 15 years 16 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years
.............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. .............................................................................. ..............................................................................
2.0 343.3 1 008.8 2 096.9 2 404.6
0.6 141.9 444.2 919.1 1 101.9
... 2.6 14.6 55.4 57.4
... 7.0 37.1 86.3 105.9
... 25.6 121.3 265.5 279.6
... 39.5 182.0 457.3 520.6
0.7 115.4 171.4 241.7 243.7
... 11.2 38.1 71.6 95.6
45 to 54 years .............................................................................. 55 to 64 years .............................................................................. 65 and over ..................................................................................
1 938.8 943.9 201.7
880.0 415.9 87.5
51.2 24.8 2.0
92.6 55.0 16.1
205.5 91.8 18.8
472.7 240.5 46.4
172.4 81.7 22.5
64.4 34.2 8.4
Length of Service With Employer Less than 3 months ...................................................................... 3 to 11 months ............................................................................. 1 to 5 years .................................................................................. More than 5 years ........................................................................
1 030.3 1 894.6 3 444.1 2 631.0
442.0 780.7 1 459.9 1 307.2
8.0 17.7 90.5 98.9
33.5 89.7 162.2 117.9
136.5 230.1 396.2 254.8
175.7 439.0 800.8 575.1
186.5 265.9 411.5 189.6
48.0 71.6 123.0 87.6
Race or Ethnic Origin White only .................................................................................... Black only ..................................................................................... Hispanic or Latino only ................................................................. Asian only ..................................................................................... Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander only ......................................
3 985.7 840.5 911.7 109.7 37.7
1 735.8 278.5 339.1 34.3 11.1
80.0 13.3 11.9 1.3 0.8
178.4 42.1 44.2 4.3 2.3
486.5 99.1 153.2 14.3 3.0
920.7 285.9 143.7 30.8 9.9
419.7 93.4 174.8 21.3 9.2
164.5 28.1 44.7 3.4 1.6
American Indian or Alaskan Native only ...................................... Hispanic or Latino and other race ................................................ Multi-race ..................................................................................... Not reported .................................................................................
44.5 9.0 9.9 3 135.4
21.8 4.8 4.7 1 622.7
0.6 ... ... 107.4
3.5 ... ... 128.5
5.4 0.8 0.9 262.2
8.8 1.6 2.0 594.3
2.8 1.5 1.7 333.5
1.6 ... ... 86.7
Note: Because of rounding and nonclassifiable responses, components may not add to totals. 1Days-away-from-work cases include those which result in days away from work with or without restricted work activity. 4Information is not shown separately for injured workers under age 14; they accounted for fewer than 50 cases. 5Data for employers in railroad transportation are provided to BLS by the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA), U.S. Department
of Transportation. These data do not reflect the changes OSHA made to its recordkeeping requirements effective January 1, 2002; therefore, estimates for these industries are not comparable with estimates for other industries. . . . = Not available.
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
449
Table 9-3. Number and Percent Distribution of Nonfatal Occupational Injuries and Illnesses Involving Days Away from Work 1 by Selected Occupation and Number of Days Away from Work, Private Industry, 2003 (Number, percent.) Percent of days-away-from-work-cases involving Occupation
Total cases
Total percent of cases
1 day
2 days
3 to 5 days
6 to 10 days
11 to 20 days
21 to 30 days
31 days and over
Median days away from work
Total ..................................................................................................................... Labor and freight, stock, and material movers, hand ........................................... Truck drivers, heavy and tractor trailer ................................................................. Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants .............................................................. Construction laborers ........................................................................................... Janitors and cleaners, except maids and housekeeping cleaners .......................
1 315 920 89 510 71 900 56 820 41 620 35 660
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
14.3 13.8 8.6 14.9 12.5 15.0
11.1 11.2 8.3 15.2 11.3 11.4
18.0 17.7 17.3 21.2 17.4 19.3
12.4 13.3 11.0 14.9 11.1 11.2
11.3 10.9 12.1 11.0 10.5 10.5
6.8 7.2 8.7 5.1 7.9 7.5
26.2 25.9 34.1 17.7 29.5 25.0
8 8 14 5 9 7
Retail salespersons .............................................................................................. Truck drivers, light or delivery services ................................................................ Carpenters ............................................................................................................ Stock clerks and order fillers ................................................................................ Registered nurses ................................................................................................
35 420 33 280 29 480 26 520 20 650
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
14.2 11.1 13.1 15.5 15.0
11.4 7.9 11.0 11.1 12.5
21.4 15.5 18.5 20.7 20.1
13.0 13.1 11.7 12.3 14.7
10.2 13.9 8.5 12.6 10.8
5.7 7.2 6.1 6.6 6.7
24.1 31.3 31.1 21.3 20.1
7 11 8 7 6
Maids and housekeeping cleaners ....................................................................... Maintenance and repair workers, general ............................................................ Automotive service technicians and mechanics ................................................... Cashiers ............................................................................................................... First line supervisors/managers of retail sales work .............................................
20 410 20 350 17 240 16 990 16 900
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
11.4 14.8 17.9 12.0 13.2
13.5 10.0 9.8 15.4 14.4
19.9 18.3 18.2 16.7 18.6
14.1 11.8 10.4 11.9 14.5
9.8 11.0 11.8 13.1 8.5
8.2 5.9 8.7 8.8 5.0
23.2 28.1 23.1 22.2 25.8
7 8 7 7 6
Combined food preparation and service workers, including fast food .................. Customer service representatives ........................................................................ Waiters and waitresses ........................................................................................ Cooks, restaurant ................................................................................................. Landscaping and groundskeeping workers ..........................................................
15 970 12 930 11 930 11 920 11 890
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
20.7 14.0 14.8 15.9 13.6
12.0 10.4 9.1 15.9 8.8
20.8 18.1 20.3 19.0 22.2
15.3 13.7 12.5 12.4 14.6
7.1 13.0 8.1 13.9 13.0
5.4 5.6 6.8 5.1 6.6
18.7 25.2 28.5 17.8 21.1
5 8 7 5 7
Welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers .............................................................. Industrial machinery mechanics ........................................................................... Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks ................................................................... Electricians ........................................................................................................... Plumbers, pipefitters, and steamfitters .................................................................
11 680 10 730 10 660 10 650 10 570
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
21.5 12.1 15.9 15.3 19.1
11.1 9.2 12.2 11.9 6.5
15.3 15.4 16.7 15.5 17.4
12.5 10.7 10.6 9.8 9.8
10.2 14.0 13.7 13.2 10.3
5.1 8.7 7.7 7.0 8.2
24.2 29.7 23.3 27.2 28.6
6 12 7 10 8
Note: Due to rounding and nonclassifiable responses, percentages may not add to 100. 1Days-away-from-work
cases include those which result in days away from work with or without restricted work activity.
450
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 9-4. Fatal Occupational Injuries by Selected Worker Characteristics and Selected Event or Exposure, 2004 (Number, percent.) Selected event or exposure 1 (percent of total for characteristic category)
Fatalities Characteristics Number
Highway 2
Percent
Homicides
Falls
Struck by object
TOTAL ...........................................................
5 703
100
24
10
14
10
Employee Status Wage and salary workers 3 ............................ Self-employed 4 ..............................................
4 537 1 166
80 20
27 14
8 14
14 14
10 13
Sex And Age Men ................................................................ Women ...........................................................
5 292 411
93 7
24 30
9 24
15 9
11 2
Both Sexes, by Age 5 Under 16 years .............................................. 16 to 17 years ................................................ 18 to 19 years ................................................ 20 to 24 years ................................................ 25 to 34 years ................................................
12 25 102 415 988
(6) (6)
2 7 17
... 28 24 23 25
... ... 8 10 12
... ... 13 11 10
... ... 8 10 10
35 to 44 years ................................................ 45 to 54 years ................................................ 55 to 64 years ................................................ 65 and over ....................................................
1 325 1 370 899 563
23 24 16 10
25 24 25 18
10 9 9 8
14 14 18 21
10 11 10 15
Race or Ethnic Origin 7 White .............................................................. Black .............................................................. Hispanic ......................................................... American Indian or Alaskan Native ................ Asian ..............................................................
4 030 542 883 26 165
71 10 15
25 26 21 31 12
7 22 9 ... 36
14 12 19 19 6
11 8 13 12 3
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander ............... Multiple races ................................................. Other or not reported .....................................
12 4 41
(6) (6)
... ... 17
33 ... 15
... ... 22
... ... 10
(6)
3
1
Note: Totals for 2004 are preliminary. Totals for major categories may include subcategories not shown separately. Percentages may not add to totals because of rounding. 1The figure shown is the percent of the total fatalities for that demographic group. 2"Highway" includes deaths to vehicle occupants resulting from traffic incidents that
occur on the public roadway, shoulder, or surrounding area. It excludes incidents occurring entirely off the roadway, such as in parking lots and on farms. "Nonhighway" includes transport related deaths of vehicle occupants that occur or originate entirely off the road. Incidents involving trains, and deaths to pedestrians or other non-passengers, are excluded from both categories. 3May include volunteers and other workers receiving compensation. 4Includes paid and unpaid family workers, and may include owners of incorporated businesses or members of partnerships. 5There were three fatalities for which there was insufficient information to determine the age of the decedent. 6Less than or equal to 0.5 percent. 7Persons identified as Hispanic may be of any race. The individual racial categories shown exclude data for Hispanics. . . . = Not available.
451
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Table 9-5. Fatal Occupational Injuries by Occupation and Selected Event or Exposure, 2004 (Number, percent.) Selected event or exposure 2 (percent of total for characteristic category)
Fatalities
Occupation 1 Number
Percent
Highway 3
Homicide
Struck by object
Falls
Total ............................................................................................................................................
5 703
100
24
10
14
10
Management occupations ............................................................................................................ Top executives ......................................................................................................................... Advertising, marketing, promotions, public relations, and sales managers ............................. Operations specialties managers ............................................................................................ Other management occupations ..............................................................................................
629 27 19 43 540
11 1 9
17 30 47 30 14
9 ... 16 23 8
10 11 ... 16 10
12 ... ... ... 14
Business and financial operations occupations ........................................................................... Business operations specialists ............................................................................................... Financial specialists .................................................................................................................
27 18 9
(4) (4) (4)
48 61 ...
15 17 ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
Computer and mathematical occupations ................................................................................... Computer specialists ...............................................................................................................
7 7
(4) (4)
57 57
... ...
... ...
... ...
Architecture and engineering occupations ................................................................................... Architects, surveyors, and cartographers ................................................................................ Engineers ................................................................................................................................. Drafters, engineering, and mapping technicians .....................................................................
68 6 36 26
1
(4)
28 ... 31 23
... ... ... ...
7 ... ... 12
... ... ... ...
Life, physical, and social science occupations ............................................................................ Life scientists ........................................................................................................................... Physical scientists .................................................................................................................... Life, physical, and social science technicians ..........................................................................
25 11 4 8
(4) (4) (4) (4)
32 27 ... 38
... ... ... ...
... ... ... ...
... ... ... ...
Community and social services occupations ............................................................................... Counselors, social workers, and other community and social service specialists ................... Religious workers ....................................................................................................................
44 21 23
1 (4) (4)
36 52 22
25 33 17
14 ... 22
... ... ...
Legal occupations ........................................................................................................................ Lawyers, judges, and related workers .....................................................................................
3 3
(4) (4)
... ...
... ...
... ...
... ...
Education, training, and library occupations ................................................................................ Postsecondary teachers .......................................................................................................... Primary, secondary, and special education school teachers ................................................... Other teachers and instructors ................................................................................................ Other education, training, and library occupations ..................................................................
27 7 12 3 4
(4) (4) (4) (4) (4)
30 ... 42 ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
19 ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ...
Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media occupations ....................................................... Art and design workers ............................................................................................................ Entertainers and performers, sports and related workers ........................................................ Media and communication workers .........................................................................................
51 8 32 9
1
(4)
20 ... 16 ...
16 ... 12 33
14 ... 19 ...
6 ... 9 ...
Health care practitioners and technical occupations ................................................................... Health diagnosing and treating practicioners ........................................................................... Health technologists and technicians ......................................................................................
72 40 31
1 1 1
26 30 23
12 12 13
7 8 ...
... ... ...
Health care support occupations ................................................................................................. Nursing, psychiatric, and home health aides ........................................................................... Other healthcare support occupations .....................................................................................
11 8 3
(4) (4) (4)
... ... ...
27 ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
Protective service occupations .................................................................................................... First-line supervisors, managers, and protective service workers ........................................... Firefighting and prevention workers ......................................................................................... Law enforcement workers ........................................................................................................ Other protective service workers .............................................................................................
271 24 30 136 81
5
31 50 37 41 6
31 21 ... 33 38
4 ... ... 3 7
3 ... ... ... 4
Food preparation and serving related occupations ...................................................................... Supervisors, food preparation and serving workers ................................................................ Cooks and food preparation workers ....................................................................................... Food and beverage serving workers ....................................................................................... Other food preparation and serving related workers ...............................................................
52 10 10 27 5
(4) (4) (4) (4)
... ... ... ... ...
65 90 40 63 80
10 ... ... 15 ...
... ... ... ... ...
Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations .................................................... Supervisors, building and grounds cleaning and maintenance workers .................................. Building cleaning and pest control workers ............................................................................. Grounds maintenance workers ................................................................................................
277 43 66 168
5 1 1 3
13 19 11 12
6 ... 18 ...
25 19 27 25
15 30 5 15
Personal care and service occupations ....................................................................................... Supervisors, personal care and service workers ..................................................................... Animal care and service workers ............................................................................................. Entertainment attendants and related workers ........................................................................ Personal appearance workers ................................................................................................. Transportation, tourism, and lodging attendants ..................................................................... Other personal care and service workers ................................................................................
55 6 11 7 7 7 16
1 (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4)
15 ... ... ... ... ... 25
25 67 ... ... 86 ... 19
... ... ... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Sales and related occupations ..................................................................................................... Supervisors, sales workers ...................................................................................................... Retail sales workers .................................................................................................................
352 156 101
6 3 2
21 6 10
47 58 63
8 10 8
2 4 ...
1Based on the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification System. 2The figure shown is the percentage of the total fatalities for that occupation group. 3"Highway" includes deaths to vehicle occupants resulting from traffic incidents that
(4) (4)
(4)
1
(4)
1
(4)
1 2 1 1
occur on the public roadway, shoulder, or surrounding area. It excludes incidents occurring entirely off the roadway, such as in parking lots and on farms; incidents involving trains; and deaths to pedestrians or other nonpassengers. than or equal to 0.5 percent. . . . = Not available. 4Less
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HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 9-5. Fatal Occupational Injuries by Occupation and Selected Event or Exposure, 2004—Continued (Number, percent.) Selected event or exposure 2 (percent of total for characteristic category)
Fatalities Occupation 1 Number
Percent
Supervisors, sales workers ...................................................................................................... Retail sales workers ................................................................................................................. Sales representatives, services ............................................................................................... Sales representatives, wholesale and manufacturing ............................................................. Other sales and related workers ..............................................................................................
156 101 21 34 40
Office and administrative support occupations ............................................................................ Supervisors, office and administrative support ........................................................................ Financial clerks ........................................................................................................................ Information and record clerks .................................................................................................. Material recording, scheduling, dispatching, and distributing workers ..................................... Secretaries and administrative assistants ............................................................................... Other office and administrative support workers .....................................................................
91 4 8 9 50 6 14
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations .................................................................................. Supervisors, farming, fishing, and forestry workers ................................................................. Agricultural workers ................................................................................................................. Fishing and hunting workers .................................................................................................... Forest, conservation, and logging workers ..............................................................................
281 11 143 38 89
Construction and extraction occupations ..................................................................................... Supervisors, construction and extraction workers ................................................................... Construction trades workers .................................................................................................... Helpers, construction trades .................................................................................................... Other construction and related workers ................................................................................... Extraction workers ...................................................................................................................
1 129 116 870 21 45 77
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ....................................................................... Supervisors of installation, maintenance and repair ................................................................ Electrical and electronic equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers ............................... Vehicle and mobile equipment mechanics, installers, and repairers ....................................... Other installation, maintenance, and repair occupations .........................................................
382 43 13 120 206
Production occupations ............................................................................................................... Supervisors, production workers ............................................................................................. Assemblers and fabricators ..................................................................................................... Food processing workers ......................................................................................................... Metal workers and plastic workers ........................................................................................... Printing workers ....................................................................................................................... Textile, apparel, and furnishings workers ................................................................................ Woodworkers ........................................................................................................................... Plant and system operators ..................................................................................................... Other production occupations ..................................................................................................
288 37 19 13 84 4 7 15 14 95
Transportation and material moving occupations ........................................................................ Supervisors, transportation and material moving occupations ................................................ Air transportation workers ........................................................................................................ Motor vehicle operators ........................................................................................................... Rail transportation workers ...................................................................................................... Water transportation workers ................................................................................................... Other transportation workers ................................................................................................... Material moving workers .......................................................................................................... Military occupations .................................................................................................................
1 490 24 109 1 005 21 45 15 271 64
Highway 3
3 2 (4)
1 1 2 (4) (4) (4)
1 (4) (4)
5 (4)
3 1 2 20 2 15 (4)
1 1 7 1 (4)
2 4 5 1 (4) (4)
1 ... (4) (4) (4)
2 26 (4)
2 18 (4)
1 (4)
5 1
Homicide
Struck by object
Falls
6 10 57 74 45
58 63 ... ... 20
10 8 ... ... ...
4 ... ... ... ...
40 ... ... 33 52 ... 29
21 75 50 44 6 67 ...
9 ... ... ... 10 ... ...
4 ... ... ... 6 ... ...
17 36 22 ... 13
1 ... 2 ... ...
4 ... 6 ... ...
26 ... 8 ... 66
10 17 8 ... 13 13
2 ... 2 ... ... ...
36 28 41 19 18 12
12 12 11 ... ... 22
10 7 ... 9 12
5 14 ... 8 ...
18 19 23 5 25
17 21 ... 31 9
7 11 ... ... 5 ... ... ... ... 8
5 8 ... ... 4 ... ... ... ... 4
11 11 21 ... 11 ... ... ... ... 12
15 14 21 ... 26 ... ... 27 ... 9
47 17 ... 65 ... ... ... 11 19
5 ... ... 6 ... ... 33 3 ...
5 12 ... 4 ... ... ... 11 ...
9 ... ... 8 ... ... ... 17 5
Note: Totals for major categories may include subcategories not shown separately. Percentages may not add to totals because of rounding. 1Based on the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification System. 2The figure shown is the percentage of the total fatalities for that occupation group. 3"Highway" includes deaths to vehicle occupants resulting from traffic incidents that
occur on the public roadway, shoulder, or surrounding area. It excludes incidents occurring entirely off the roadway, such as in parking lots and on farms; incidents involving trains; and deaths to pedestrians or other nonpassengers. than or equal to 0.5 percent. . . . = Not available. 4Less
PART TEN LABOR MANAGEMENT RELATIONS
LABOR MANAGEMENT RELATIONS HIGHLIGHTS This part contains information on historical trends in union membership and earnings and work stoppages.
Median Weekly Earnings of Full-Time Wage and Salary Workers by Union Affiliation, Sector, and Occupation, 2004 1,000
800
Dollars
600
400
200
0 Private sector
Public sector
Management, Natural Production, professsional, resources, transportation, and related construction, and and material occupations maintenance moving occupations occupations
Sales and office occupations
Service occupations
Sector or Occupation Members of unions
Nonunion members
In both the public and private sector, the median weekly earnings of workers represented by unions were approximately 22 percent higher than those of non-union workers. In service occupations, the gap was significantly larger at 66 percent. However, in management, professional, and related occupations, the median weekly earnings were virtually the same, regardless of union status. (Table 10-4) OTHER HIGHLIGHTS: • The percentage of employed workers who were union members continued to decline, falling from 12.9 percent in 2003 to 12.5 percent in 2004. (Table 10-2) • Unions represented 40.7 percent of public service workers in 2004, the highest percentage of representation in any industry. Within the public sector, unions represented 35 percent of federal workers, 34.3 percent of state employees, and 45.8 percent of local government workers. (Table 10-3) • In 2004, education, training, and library occupations had the highest proportion of employees represented by unions with 42.4 percent. Protective service occupations followed with 39.4 percent. These occupations account for the high union representation in local government. (Table 10-3) • Six states had at least 20 percent of their workers represented by unions in 2004. New York had the highest with 26.4 percent, followed by Hawaii (24.8 percent), Alaska (22.4 percent), Michigan (22.4 percent), New Jersey (21.6 percent), and Washington (20.3 percent). (Table 10-6)
455
456
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
NOTES AND DEFINITIONS WORK STOPPAGES
UNION MEMBERSHIP
Collection and Coverage
Collection, Coverage, and Definitions
Data on work stoppages measure the number and duration of major strikes or lockouts (involving 1,000 workers or more) during the year, the number of workers involved, and the amount of work time lost due to stoppages.
The estimates of union membership are obtained from the Current Population Survey (CPS). The union membership and earnings data are tabulated from one-quarter of the CPS monthly sample and are limited to wage and salary workers. Excluded are all self-employed workers.
Data are largely from newspaper accounts and cover only those establishments directly involved in a stoppage. They do not measure the indirect or secondary effect of stoppages on other establishments whose employees are idle from material shortages or lack of service. The current series is not comparable with the one terminated in 1981, which covered strikes involving six workers or more. Concepts and Definitions Stoppages are strikes and lockouts involving 1,000 workers or more and lasting a full shift or longer. Workers involved are workers directly involved in the stoppage. Number of days idle is the aggregate number of workdays lost by workers involved in the stoppages. Days of idleness as a percent of estimated working time are the aggregate workdays lost as a percent of the aggregate number of standard workdays during the period multiplied by total employment (excluding forestry, fisheries, and private household workers) during the period. Sources of Additional Information Additional information is available in BLS news release USDL 05-598.
Union members are members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union. Represented by unions refers to union members, as well as workers who have no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union contract. Sources of Additional Information Additional information is available in BLS news release USDL 05-112, Union Membership (Annual).
LABOR MANAGEMENT RELATIONS
457
Table 10-1. Work Stoppages Involving 1,000 Workers or More, 1947–2004 (Number, percent.) Stoppages beginning in the year 1
Days idle during the year 2
Year Number
Workers involved (thousands)
Percent of estimated total working time 3
Number (thousands)
1947 .......................................................................... 1948 .......................................................................... 1949 ..........................................................................
270 245 262
1 629 1 435 2 537
25 720 26 127 43 420
... 0.22 0.38
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
.......................................................................... .......................................................................... .......................................................................... .......................................................................... ..........................................................................
424 415 470 437 265
1 698 1 462 2 746 1 623 1 075
30 390 15 070 48 820 18 130 16 630
0.26 0.12 0.38 0.14 0.13
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
.......................................................................... .......................................................................... .......................................................................... .......................................................................... ..........................................................................
363 287 279 332 245
2 055 1 370 887 1 587 1 381
21 180 26 840 10 340 17 900 60 850
0.16 0.20 0.07 0.13 0.43
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
.......................................................................... .......................................................................... .......................................................................... .......................................................................... ..........................................................................
222 195 211 181 246
896 1 031 793 512 1 183
13 260 10 140 11 760 10 020 16 220
0.09 0.07 0.08 0.07 0.11
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
.......................................................................... .......................................................................... .......................................................................... .......................................................................... ..........................................................................
268 321 381 392 412
999 1 300 2 192 1 855 1 576
15 140 16 000 31 320 35 367 29 397
0.10 0.10 0.18 0.20 0.16
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
.......................................................................... .......................................................................... .......................................................................... .......................................................................... ..........................................................................
381 298 250 317 424
2 468 2 516 975 1 400 1 796
52 761 35 538 16 764 16 260 31 809
0.29 0.19 0.09 0.08 0.16
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
.......................................................................... .......................................................................... .......................................................................... .......................................................................... ..........................................................................
235 231 298 219 235
965 1 519 1 212 1 006 1 021
17 563 23 962 21 258 23 774 20 409
0.09 0.12 0.10 0.11 0.09
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
.......................................................................... .......................................................................... .......................................................................... .......................................................................... ..........................................................................
187 145 96 81 62
795 729 656 909 376
20 844 16 908 9 061 17 461 8 499
0.09 0.07 0.04 0.08 0.04
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
.......................................................................... .......................................................................... .......................................................................... .......................................................................... ..........................................................................
54 69 46 40 51
324 533 174 118 452
7 079 11 861 4 481 4 381 16 996
0.03 0.05 0.02 0.02 0.07
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
.......................................................................... .......................................................................... .......................................................................... .......................................................................... ..........................................................................
44 40 35 35 45
185 392 364 182 322
5 926 4 584 3 989 3 981 5 021
0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.......................................................................... .......................................................................... .......................................................................... .......................................................................... ..........................................................................
31 37 29 34 17
192 273 339 387 73
5 771 4 889 4 497 5 116 1 996
0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.......................................................................... .......................................................................... .......................................................................... .......................................................................... ..........................................................................
39 29 19 14 17
394 99 46 129 171
20 419 1 151 660 4 091 3 344
0.06
1Workers are counted more than once if they are involved in more than one stoppage during the reference period. 2Days idle include all stoppages in effect during the reference period. For work stoppages that are still ongoing at the
end of the calendar year, only those days of idleness in the
calendar year are counted. 3Agricultural and government 4Less than .005 percent.
. . . = Not available.
workers are included in the calculation of estimated working time; private households, forestry, and fishery employees are excluded.
(4) (4)
0.01 0.01
458
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 10-2. Union Affiliation of Employed Wage and Salary Workers by Selected Characteristics, 1999–2004 (Numbers in thousands, percent.) 1999
Characteristics
Total employed
Members of unions 1 Total
Percent employed
2000 Represented by unions 2 Total
Percent employed
Total employed
Members of unions 1 Total
Percent employed
2001 Represented by unions 2 Total
Percent employed
Total employed
Members of unions 1 Total
Percent employed
Represented by unions 2 Total
Percent employed
SEX AND AGE Total, 16 Years and Over .................... 118 963 16 to 24 years ........................................ 19 606 25 years and over .................................. 99 358 25 to 34 years .................................... 28 657 35 to 44 years .................................... 32 438 45 to 54 years .................................... 24 665 55 to 64 years .................................... 10 880 65 years and over .............................. 2 718
16 477 1 110 15 367 3 415 4 918 4 881 1 932 221
13.9 5.7 15.5 11.9 15.2 19.8 17.8 8.1
18 182 1 239 16 943 3 785 5 428 5 377 2 107 247
15.3 120 786 6.3 20 166 17.1 100 620 13.2 28 406 16.7 32 470 21.8 25 651 19.4 11 204 9.1 2 889
16 258 1 010 15 248 3 369 4 822 4 815 1 998 243
13.5 5.0 15.2 11.9 14.9 18.8 17.8 8.4
17 944 1 152 16 792 3 720 5 293 5 305 2 193 281
14.9 122 482 5.7 19 698 16.7 102 784 13.1 28 809 16.3 31 962 20.7 26 909 19.6 12 032 9.7 3 072
16 387 1 015 15 372 3 264 4 733 5 068 2 063 243
13.4 5.2 15.0 11.3 14.8 18.8 17.1 7.9
18 114 1 184 16 930 3 659 5 191 5 543 2 265 272
14.8 6.0 16.5 12.7 16.2 20.6 18.8 8.9
Men, 16 Years and Over ...................... 16 to 24 years ........................................ 25 years and over .................................. 25 to 34 years .................................... 35 to 44 years .................................... 45 to 54 years .................................... 55 to 64 years .................................... 65 years and over ..............................
61 914 10 116 51 797 15 330 17 020 12 395 5 622 1 431
9 949 716 9 232 2 142 2 993 2 800 1 186 111
16.1 7.1 17.8 14.0 17.6 22.6 21.1 7.7
10 758 781 9 977 2 325 3 241 3 026 1 267 118
17.4 7.7 19.3 15.2 19.0 24.4 22.5 8.2
62 853 10 440 52 412 15 197 17 028 12 898 5 770 1 519
9 578 618 8 960 2 030 2 871 2 739 1 191 129
15.2 5.9 17.1 13.4 16.9 21.2 20.6 8.5
10 355 697 9 657 2 207 3 077 2 956 1 268 148
16.5 6.7 18.4 14.5 18.1 22.9 22.0 9.8
63 756 10 137 53 619 15 627 16 657 13 561 6 168 1 605
9 578 607 8 971 1 983 2 821 2 840 1 195 131
15.0 6.0 16.7 12.7 16.9 20.9 19.4 8.1
10 410 704 9 706 2 169 3 028 3 070 1 292 148
16.3 6.9 18.1 13.9 18.2 22.6 20.9 9.2
Women, 16 Years and Over ................ 16 to 24 years ........................................ 25 years and over .................................. 25 to 34 years .................................... 35 to 44 years .................................... 45 to 54 years .................................... 55 to 64 years .................................... 65 years and over ..............................
57 050 9 489 47 560 13 327 15 418 12 270 5 258 1 287
6 528 393 6 135 1 273 1 924 2 081 746 110
11.4 4.1 12.9 9.6 12.5 17.0 14.2 8.5
7 425 458 6 966 1 460 2 187 2 351 839 129
13.0 4.8 14.6 11.0 14.2 19.2 16.0 10.0
57 933 9 726 48 207 13 209 15 441 12 752 5 434 1 370
6 680 392 6 288 1 340 1 951 2 077 807 114
11.5 4.0 13.0 10.1 12.6 16.3 14.9 8.3
7 590 455 7 135 1 513 2 215 2 348 925 133
13.1 4.7 14.8 11.5 14.3 18.4 17.0 9.7
58 726 9 561 49 166 13 181 15 305 13 349 5 864 1 467
6 809 409 6 400 1 281 1 912 2 227 868 113
11.6 4.3 13.0 9.7 12.5 16.7 14.8 7.7
7 704 480 7 224 1 490 2 163 2 474 973 124
13.1 5.0 14.7 11.3 14.1 18.5 16.6 8.5
White, 16 Years and Over 3 ................. Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................
99 147 52 492 46 655
13 349 8 246 5 103
13.5 15.7 10.9
14 668 8 896 5 771
14.8 100 455 16.9 53 105 12.4 47 350
13 094 7 911 5 183
13.0 14.9 10.9
14 453 8 541 5 912
14.4 101 546 16.1 53 731 12.5 47 815
13 209 7 909 5 300
13.0 14.7 11.1
14 574 8 585 5 989
14.4 16.0 12.5
Black, 16 Years and Over 3 ................. Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................
14 346 6 585 7 760
2 463 1 348 1 116
17.2 20.5 14.4
2 757 1 464 1 293
19.2 22.2 16.7
14 544 6 701 7 843
2 489 1 282 1 208
17.1 19.1 15.4
2 744 1 388 1 356
18.9 20.7 17.3
14 261 6 488 7 773
2 409 1 221 1 188
16.9 18.8 15.3
2 668 1 330 1 338
18.7 20.5 17.2
Asian, 16 Years and Over 3 ................. Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
Hispanic, 16 Years and Over .............. Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................
12 810 7 457 5 353
1 525 966 559
11.9 13.0 10.4
1 684 1 052 632
13.1 14.1 11.8
13 609 7 884 5 725
1 554 972 582
11.4 12.3 10.2
1 740 1 063 677
12.8 13.5 11.8
15 174 8 997 6 177
1 679 1 032 647
11.1 11.5 10.5
1 876 1 136 740
12.4 12.6 12.0
Full-Time Workers ...............................
97 626
14 974
15.3
16 501
16.9
99 917
14 822
14.8
16 306
16.3 101 187
14 921
14.7
16 445
16.3
Part-Time Workers ..............................
21 065
1 459
6.9
1 634
7.8
20 619
1 395
6.8
1 593
1 437
6.8
1 637
7.8
RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS 4
1Data 2Data
7.7
21 057
refer to members of a labor union or to an employee association similar to a union. refer to members of a labor union or to an employee association similar to a union, as well as to workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract. 3Beginning in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as their main race. 4The distinction between full- and part-time workers is based on hours usually worked. Data will not sum to totals because full- or part-time status on the principal job is not identifiable for a small number of multiple jobholders. . . . = Not available.
459
LABOR MANAGEMENT RELATIONS
Table 10-2. Union Affiliation of Employed Wage and Salary Workers by Selected Characteristics, 1999–2004—Continued (Numbers in thousands, percent.) 2002
Characteristics
Total employed
Members of unions 1 Total
Percent employed
2003 Represented by unions 2 Total
Percent employed
Total employed
Members of unions 1 Total
Percent employed
2004 Represented by unions 2 Total
Percent employed
Total employed
Members of unions 1 Total
Percent employed
Represented by unions 2 Total
Percent employed
SEX AND AGE Total, 16 Years and Over .................... 121 826 16 to 24 years ........................................ 19 216 25 years and over .................................. 102 610 25 to 34 years .................................... 28 232 35 to 44 years .................................... 31 253 45 to 54 years .................................... 27 040 55 to 64 years .................................... 12 952 65 years and over .............................. 3 133
16 145 995 15 151 3 172 4 455 5 016 2 256 251
13.3 5.2 14.8 11.2 14.3 18.6 17.4 8.0
17 695 1 126 16 569 3 522 4 859 5 446 2 456 285
14.5 122 358 5.9 18 904 16.1 103 454 12.5 28 179 15.5 30 714 20.1 27 567 19.0 13 633 9.1 3 361
15 776 966 14 810 3 097 4 308 4 848 2 300 258
12.9 5.1 14.3 11.0 14.0 17.6 16.9 7.7
17 448 1 124 16 324 3 455 4 717 5 307 2 547 297
14.3 123 554 5.9 19 109 15.8 104 444 12.3 28 202 15.4 30 470 19.3 28 039 18.7 14 239 8.8 3 495
15 472 890 14 581 2 982 4 173 4 771 2 390 264
12.5 4.7 14.0 10.6 13.7 17.0 16.8 7.5
17 087 1 019 16 069 3 316 4 590 5 233 2 617 314
13.8 5.3 15.4 11.8 15.1 18.7 18.4 9.0
Men, 16 Years and Over ...................... 16 to 24 years ........................................ 25 years and over .................................. 25 to 34 years .................................... 35 to 44 years .................................... 45 to 54 years .................................... 55 to 64 years .................................... 65 years and over ..............................
63 272 9 857 53 415 15 284 16 355 13 578 6 570 1 627
9 325 616 8 709 1 877 2 631 2 784 1 281 136
14.7 6.3 16.3 12.3 16.1 20.5 19.5 8.4
10 066 687 9 379 2 061 2 805 2 982 1 376 155
15.9 7.0 17.6 13.5 17.1 22.0 21.0 9.5
63 236 9 683 53 553 15 263 16 080 13 723 6 776 1 710
9 044 595 8 450 1 826 2 535 2 684 1 271 133
14.3 6.1 15.8 12.0 15.8 19.6 18.8 7.8
9 848 685 9 163 2 005 2 735 2 891 1 377 155
15.6 7.1 17.1 13.1 17.0 21.1 20.3 9.0
64 145 9 835 54 310 15 391 16 035 14 026 7 117 1 741
8 878 557 8 321 1 722 2 449 2 699 1 309 142
13.8 5.7 15.3 11.2 15.3 19.2 18.4 8.2
9 638 627 9 010 1 873 2 658 2 903 1 414 163
15.0 6.4 16.6 12.2 16.6 20.7 19.9 9.4
Women, 16 Years and Over ................ 16 to 24 years ........................................ 25 years and over .................................. 25 to 34 years .................................... 35 to 44 years .................................... 45 to 54 years .................................... 55 to 64 years .................................... 65 years and over ..............................
58 555 9 359 49 196 12 948 14 898 13 462 6 383 1 506
6 820 378 6 441 1 295 1 825 2 232 975 115
11.6 4.0 13.1 10.0 12.2 16.6 15.3 7.6
7 629 439 7 190 1 461 2 055 2 464 1 080 130
13.0 4.7 14.6 11.3 13.8 18.3 16.9 8.6
59 122 9 221 49 901 12 916 14 634 13 844 6 857 1 651
6 732 371 6 360 1 270 1 773 2 163 1 029 125
11.4 4.0 12.7 9.8 12.1 15.6 15.0 7.6
7 601 439 7 161 1 451 1 982 2 416 1 170 142
12.9 4.8 14.4 11.2 13.5 17.5 17.1 8.6
59 408 9 274 50 134 12 811 14 435 14 014 7 122 1 753
6 593 333 6 260 1 261 1 725 2 072 1 081 121
11.1 3.6 12.5 9.8 11.9 14.8 15.2 6.9
7 450 391 7 058 1 443 1 931 2 330 1 203 151
12.5 4.2 14.1 11.3 13.4 16.6 16.9 8.6
White, 16 Years and Over 3 ................. 100 923 Men ....................................................... 53 198 Women .................................................. 47 725
12 958 7 689 5 269
12.8 14.5 11.0
14 178 8 284 5 894
14.0 100 589 15.6 52 827 12.3 47 762
12 535 7 378 5 157
12.5 14.0 10.8
13 849 8 016 5 834
13.8 101 340 15.2 53 432 12.2 47 908
12 381 7 260 5 121
12.2 13.6 10.7
13 657 7 854 5 803
13.5 14.7 12.1
RACE, HISPANIC ORIGIN, AND SEX
Black, 16 Years and Over 3 ................. Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................
14 108 6 493 7 615
2 386 1 183 1 204
16.9 18.2 15.8
2 624 1 281 1 343
18.6 19.7 17.6
13 928 6 302 7 626
2 298 1 153 1 145
16.5 18.3 15.0
2 540 1 249 1 291
18.2 19.8 16.9
14 090 6 409 7 681
2 130 1 085 1 045
15.1 16.9 13.6
2 355 1 185 1 170
16.7 18.5 15.2
Asian, 16 Years and Over 3 ................. Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
... ... ...
5 096 2 699 2 397
581 296 285
11.4 11.0 11.9
659 346 313
12.9 12.8 13.1
5 280 2 815 2 465
603 328 275
11.4 11.7 11.1
670 371 299
12.7 13.2 12.1
Hispanic, 16 Years and Over .............. Men ....................................................... Women ..................................................
15 486 9 098 6 387
1 639 1 006 633
10.6 11.1 9.9
1 810 1 100 710
11.7 12.1 11.1
16 068 9 567 6 501
1 712 1 050 662
10.7 11.0 10.2
1 913 1 160 753
11.9 12.1 11.6
16 533 9 857 6 676
1 676 1 016 661
10.1 10.3 9.9
1 888 1 130 758
11.4 11.5 11.4
Full-Time Workers ............................... 100 081
14 622
14.6
16 005
16.0 100 302
14 263
14.2
15 732
15.7 101 224
14 029
13.9
15 463
15.3
1 492
6.9
1 654
1 479
6.8
1 679
1 406
6.4
1 587
7.2
FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS 4
Part-Time Workers ..............................
21 513
7.7
21 809
7.7
22 047
Note: Data for 2003 have been revised to incorporate changes to the class of worker status associated with the introduction of the 2002 Census industry and occupational classication systems into the Current Population Survey. Beginning in January 2003, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. Estimates for the above race groups (White and Black) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. In addition, persons whose ethnicity is identified as "Hispanic or Latino" may be of any race and therefore are classified by ethnicity as well as race. Data refer to the sole or pricipal job of full and part-time workers. Excluded are all self-employed workers, regardless of whether or not their businesses are incorporated. 1Data 2Data
refer to members of a labor union or to an employee association similar to a union. refer to members of a labor union or to an employee association similar to a union, as well as to workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract. 3Beginning in 2003, persons who selected this race group only; persons who selected more than one race group are not included. Prior to 2003, persons who reported more than one race group were included in the group they identified as their main race. 4The distinction between full- and part-time workers is based on hours usually worked. Data will not sum to totals because full- or part-time status on the principal job is not identifiable for a small number of multiple jobholders. . . . = Not available.
460
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 10-3. Union Affiliation of Wage and Salary Workers by Occupation and Industry, 2003–2004 (Thousands of people, percent.) 2003 Members of unions 1 Characteristics
Total employed
Total
Percent of employed
2004 Members of unions 1
Represented by unions 2
Total
Percent of employed
Total employed
Total
Percent of employed
Represented by unions 2
Total
Percent of employed
OCCUPATION Management, professional, and related occupations ................... Management, business, and financial operations .................... Management ........................................................................ Business and financial operations ........................................ Professional and related .......................................................... Computer and mathematical ................................................ Architecture and engineering ............................................... Life, physical, and social science ......................................... Community and social services ............................................ Legal .................................................................................... Education, training, and library ............................................. Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media .................... Healthcare practitioner and technical ................................... Service occupations ..................................................................... Healthcare support ................................................................... Protective service ..................................................................... Food preparation and serving related ...................................... Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance .................... Personal care and service ........................................................ Sales and office ............................................................................ Sales and related ..................................................................... Office and administrative support ............................................. Natural resources, construction, and maintenance ...................... Farming, fishing, and forestry ................................................... Construction and extraction ..................................................... Installation, maintenance, and repair ....................................... Production, transportation, and material moving .......................... Production ................................................................................ Transportation and material moving .........................................
40 883 15 465 10 713 4 753 25 418 2 947 2 592 1 203 2 118 1 134 7 584 1 879 5 961 20 183 2 824 2 699 7 150 4 426 3 084 32 323 13 378 18 945 11 894 921 6 412 4 560 17 074 9 261 7 814
5 331 727 436 291 4 604 154 202 108 351 54 2 861 140 733 2 318 312 974 292 490 251 2 642 533 2 109 2 288 33 1 394 862 3 196 1 624 1 572
13.0 4.7 4.1 6.1 18.1 5.2 7.8 9.0 16.6 4.8 37.7 7.5 12.3 11.5 11.0 36.1 4.1 11.1 8.1 8.2 4.0 11.1 19.2 3.5 21.7 18.9 18.7 17.5 20.1
6 130 882 546 336 5 248 197 240 136 395 65 3 207 157 853 2 562 341 1 038 347 550 286 2 974 599 2 375 2 409 38 1 457 913 3 374 1 710 1 664
15.0 5.7 5.1 7.1 20.6 6.7 9.2 11.3 18.6 5.7 42.3 8.4 14.3 12.7 12.1 38.5 4.9 12.4 9.3 9.2 4.5 12.5 20.3 4.1 22.7 20.0 19.8 18.5 21.3
41 451 15 758 10 796 4 962 25 693 2 962 2 597 1 204 2 132 1 216 7 636 1 894 6 052 20 724 2 791 2 840 7 164 4 597 3 331 32 322 13 527 18 795 12 081 862 6 680 4 540 16 976 9 085 7 891
5 418 732 441 291 4 686 128 209 106 370 75 2 874 162 762 2 371 290 1 059 294 490 238 2 493 488 2 005 2 222 27 1 312 883 2 968 1 485 1 483
13.1 4.6 4.1 5.9 18.2 4.3 8.0 8.8 17.4 6.2 37.6 8.6 12.6 11.4 10.4 37.3 4.1 10.7 7.1 7.7 3.6 10.7 18.4 3.1 19.6 19.4 17.5 16.3 18.8
6 256 895 553 342 5 361 171 246 129 422 92 3 235 184 882 2 552 315 1 118 337 529 254 2 780 548 2 232 2 343 34 1 370 939 3 156 1 582 1 574
15.1 5.7 5.1 6.9 20.9 5.8 9.5 10.7 19.8 7.6 42.4 9.7 14.6 12.3 11.3 39.4 4.7 11.5 7.6 8.6 4.1 11.9 19.4 3.9 20.5 20.7 18.6 17.4 20.0
102 648 1 089 101 559 504 7 126 16 130 10 049 6 081 18 343 3 878 14 466 4 942 4 081 861 3 297 781 333 489 1 414 8 360 6 246 4 079 2 167 2 114
8 452 17 8 435 46 1 139 2 173 1 411 762 1 130 197 933 1 294 1 051 243 448 58 40 45 296 176 98 63 35 77
8.2 1.6 8.3 9.1 16.0 13.5 14.0 12.5 6.2 5.1 6.4 26.2 25.8 28.2 13.6 7.4 12.0 9.2 21.0 2.1 1.6 1.5 1.6 3.7
9 264 23 9 241 53 1 188 2 314 1 497 817 1 210 213 997 1 350 1 094 256 481 60 46 48 316 237 142 96 47 95
9.0 2.1 9.1 10.5 16.7 14.3 14.9 13.4 6.6 5.5 6.9 27.3 26.8 29.8 14.6 7.7 13.8 9.7 22.3 2.8 2.3 2.3 2.1 4.5
103 584 1 023 102 560 496 7 550 15 754 9 885 5 869 18 754 4 083 14 671 4 893 4 043 850 3 058 778 329 502 1 218 8 490 6 301 4 111 2 191 2 188
8 205 23 8 182 57 1 110 2 036 1 316 720 1 028 189 839 1 218 976 241 433 52 52 47 273 171 96 56 40 76
7.9 2.2 8.0 11.4 14.7 12.9 13.3 12.3 5.5 4.6 5.7 24.9 24.2 28.4 14.2 6.7 15.7 9.3 22.4 2.0 1.5 1.4 1.8 3.5
8 956 30 8 926 58 1 162 2 183 1 407 776 1 107 214 893 1 287 1 031 256 470 59 54 53 292 209 124 73 51 85
8.6 2.9 8.7 11.7 15.4 13.9 14.2 13.2 5.9 5.2 6.1 26.3 25.5 30.1 15.4 7.6 16.4 10.5 24.0 2.5 2.0 1.8 2.3 3.9
INDUSTRY Private sector ............................................................................... Agriculture and related industries ............................................. Nonagricultural industries ......................................................... Mining ................................................................................... Construction ......................................................................... Manufacturing ...................................................................... Durable goods .................................................................. Nondurable goods ............................................................ Wholesale and retail trade ................................................... Wholesale trade ............................................................... Retail trade ....................................................................... Transportation and utilities ................................................... Transportation and warehousing ...................................... Utilities .............................................................................. Information 3 ......................................................................... Publishing, except Internet ............................................... Motion pictures and sound recording ............................... Broadcasting, except Internet .......................................... Telecommunications ........................................................ Financial activities ................................................................ Finance and insurance ..................................................... Finance ........................................................................ Insurance ..................................................................... Real estate and rental and leasing ...................................
1Data 2Data
refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union. refer to members of a labor union or to an employee association similar to a union, as well as to workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract. 3Includes other industries, not shown separately.
461
LABOR MANAGEMENT RELATIONS
Table 10-3. Union Affiliation of Wage and Salary Workers by Occupation and Industry, 2003–2004 —Continued (Thousands of people, percent.) 2003 Members of unions 1 Characteristics
Total employed
Total
Percent of employed
2004 Members of unions 1
Represented by unions 2
Total
Percent of employed
Total employed
Total
Percent of employed
Represented by unions 2
Total
Percent of employed
Professional and business services ..................................... Professional and technical services ................................. Management, administrative, and waste services ........... Education and health services ......................................... Educational services ........................................................ Health care and social assistance .................................... Leisure and hospitality ......................................................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation .................................. Accommodation and food services .................................. Accommodation ........................................................... Food services and drinking places ............................... Other services 3 .................................................................... Other services, except private households ......................
10 588 6 146 4 443 16 635 3 062 13 573 10 207 1 764 8 443 1 396 7 046 5 425 4 645
243 88 155 1 324 371 953 281 95 187 116 70 181 174
2.3 1.4 3.5 8.0 12.1 7.0 2.8 5.4 2.2 8.3 1.0 3.3 3.8
312 125 187 1 560 452 1 108 333 111 222 126 96 203 196
2.9 2.0 4.2 9.4 14.8 8.2 3.3 6.3 2.6 9.0 1.4 3.7 4.2
10 815 6 263 4 552 16 870 3 243 13 627 10 326 1 777 8 548 1 431 7 117 5 556 4 782
246 70 177 1 405 421 984 319 114 205 117 88 158 148
2.3 1.1 3.9 8.3 13.0 7.2 3.1 6.4 2.4 8.2 1.2 2.8 3.1
306 102 204 1 593 475 1 119 368 123 245 132 112 183 172
2.8 1.6 4.5 9.4 14.6 8.2 3.6 6.9 2.9 9.2 1.6 3.3 3.6
Public sector ............................................................................. Federal government ............................................................. State government ................................................................. Local government .................................................................
19 710 3 247 5 636 10 827
7 324 1 004 1 706 4 614
37.2 30.9 30.3 42.6
8 185 1 196 1 929 5 060
41.5 36.8 34.2 46.7
19 970 3 298 5 712 10 961
7 267 985 1 751 4 532
36.4 29.9 30.7 41.3
8 131 1 153 1 961 5 017
40.7 35.0 34.3 45.8
Note: Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. Data refer to the sole or principal job of full- and part-time workers. Excluded are all self-employed workers regardless of whether or not their businesses are incorporated. 1Data 2Data
refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union. refer to members of a labor union or to an employee association similar to a union, as well as to workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract. 3Includes other industries, not shown separately.
462
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 10-4. Median Weekly Earnings of Full-Time Wage and Salary Workers by Union Affiliation, Occupation, and Industry, 2003–2004 (Dollars.) 2003 Characteristics
Members of unions 1
Total
2004
Represented by unions 2
Non-union
Members of unions 1
Total
Represented by unions 2
Non-union
OCCUPATION Management, professional, and related occupations ....................... Management, business, and financial operations ........................ Management ............................................................................. Business and financial operations ............................................ Professional and related ............................................................... Computer and mathematical .................................................... Architecture and engineering .................................................... Life, physical, and social science ............................................. Community and social services ................................................ Legal ......................................................................................... Education, training, and library ................................................. Arts, design, entertainment, sports, and media ........................ Health care practitioner and technical ...................................... Service occupations ......................................................................... Health care support ...................................................................... Protective service ......................................................................... Food preparation and serving related ........................................... Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance ......................... Personal care and service ............................................................ Sales and office ................................................................................ Sales and related .......................................................................... Office and administrative support ................................................. Natural resources, construction, and maintenance .......................... Farming, fishing, and forestry ....................................................... Construction and extraction .......................................................... Installation, maintenance, and repair ............................................ Production, transportation, and material moving .............................. Production .................................................................................... Transportation and material moving .............................................
887 961 1 023 842 845 1 049 1 053 891 686 1 051 754 745 816 403 400 630 349 390 391 545 598 523 608 369 599 673 519 519 520
896 985 1 102 864 885 963 1 037 944 848 1 362 864 947 877 606 452 857 415 503 532 629 597 639 851
892 994 1 109 873 879 979 1 028 945 832 1 317 854 933 876 596 452 850 410 498 520 624 601 632 843
(3)
(3)
851 858 688 670 710
840 856 684 665 704
603 397 605 797 615 637 668 597 533 670 497 704 668 899 776 690 704 724 857 691 728 726 731 604
717
713
(3)
(3)
718
713 783 873 689 712 637 586 689 554 816 780 979 862 747
886 959 1 019 839 833 1 057 1 058 876 650 1 032 644 734 801 382 394 510 344 372 381 530 598 510 558 365 531 622 493 495 490
918 965 1 052 847 883 1 114 1 098 957 707 1 070 781 768 852 411 407 700 360 385 402 558 604 535 621 356 604 704 523 526 520
921 963 1 065 880 915 1 000 1 080 949 827 1 174 899 953 938 655 458 907 445 515 522 662 576 676 867
916 972 1 074 881 907 983 1 090 977 817 1 155 886 972 933 647 462 897 435 513 518 658 577 671 858
(3)
(3)
861 886 687 681 695
852 880 681 674 689
592 396 595 799 580 626 655 590 528 668 494 653 620 857 758 684 669 703 848 694 732 730 734 603
615 403 617 874 618 662 691 611 550 677 509 711 668 957 828 720 805 763 918 706 738 735 743 615
739
734
(3)
(3)
740 905 893 694 707 670 596 722 567 854 819 979 893 844
735 911 884 692 706 662 590 709 560 850 814 978 887 829
918 965 1 050 844 875 1 124 1 100 955 666 1 058 687 754 841 389 401 567 355 368 394 545 606 519 581 352 555 662 498 503 491
INDUSTRY Private sector .................................................................................... Agriculture and related industries ................................................. Nonagricultural industries ............................................................. Mining ....................................................................................... Construction ............................................................................. Manufacturing ........................................................................... Durable goods ...................................................................... Nondurable goods ................................................................ Wholesale and retail trade ........................................................ Wholesale trade .................................................................... Retail trade ........................................................................... Transportation and utilities ....................................................... Transportation and warehousing .......................................... Utilities .................................................................................. Information 4 ............................................................................. Publishing, except Internet ................................................... Motion pictures and sound recording ................................... Broadcasting, except Internet ............................................... Telecommunications ............................................................. Financial activities .................................................................... Finance and insurance ......................................................... Finance ............................................................................. Insurance .......................................................................... Real estate and rental and leasing ....................................... 1Data 2Data
(3)
884 689 714 635 590 694 562 817 782 965 868 740 (3) (3)
(3) (3)
877 618 607 614
875 625 623 640
(3)
(3)
642
630
(3) (3)
(3) (3)
910 657 636 606
897 649 629 616
(3)
(3)
677
670
refer to members of a labor union or to an employee association similar to a union. refer to members of a labor union or to an employee association similar to a union, as well as to workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract. 3Data not shown where base is less than 50,000. 4Includes other industries, not shown separately.
604 402 606 865 588 654 687 602 547 674 507 662 619 948 808 710 762 749 929 708 740 737 744 613
463
LABOR MANAGEMENT RELATIONS
Table 10-4. Median Weekly Earnings of Full-Time Wage and Salary Workers by Union Affiliation, Occupation, and Industry, 2003–2004—Continued (Dollars.) 2003 Characteristics
Members of unions 1
Total
2004
Represented by unions 2
Non-union
Members of unions 1
Total
Represented by unions 2
Non-union
Professional and business services ......................................... Professional and technical services ..................................... Management, administrative, and waste services ................ Education and health services .............................................. Educational services ............................................................. Health care and social assistance ........................................ Leisure and hospitality .............................................................. Arts, entertainment, and recreation ...................................... Accommodation and food services ....................................... Accommodation ................................................................ Food services and drinking places ................................... Other services 4 ........................................................................ Other services, except private households ...........................
692 885 486 598 681 582 400 492 385 435 371 515 544
699 897 640 670 756 627 497 546 478 485 467 726 730
691 911 617 684 760 639 485 529 470 482 456 709 720
692 884 482 590 659 577 395 489 381 423 369 510 533
709 927 478 613 716 595 407 523 391 432 378 528 560
679 940 607 717 828 656 518 677 477 481 467 749 764
694 937 606 728 831 671 508 662 473 490 422 750 764
710 927 470 603 679 588 402 513 387 422 377 521 551
Public sector ................................................................................. Federal government ................................................................. State government ..................................................................... Local government .....................................................................
728 818 702 709
801 809 764 814
795 816 759 803
656 821 652 606
751 856 725 731
832 840 788 844
827 848 781 834
683 869 681 627
Note: Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. Data refer to the sole or principal job of full- and part-time workers. Excluded are all self-employed workers, regardless of whether or not their businesses are incorporated. 1Data 2Data
refer to members of a labor union or to an employee association similar to a union. refer to members of a labor union or to an employee association similar to a union, as well as to workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract. 4Includes other industries, not shown separately.
464
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 10-5. Union or Employee Association Members Among Wage and Salary Employees, 1977–2004 (Numbers in thousands, percent.) Year
Total wage and salary employment
Union or employee association members
Union or association members as a percent of wage and salary employment
1977 ............................................................................... 1978 ............................................................................... 1979 ...............................................................................
81 334 84 968 87 117
19 335 19 548 20 986
23.8 23.0 24.1
1980 ............................................................................... 1981 ............................................................................... 1982 ............................................................................... 1983 1 ............................................................................ 1984 ...............................................................................
87 480 ... ... 88 290 92 194
20 095 ... ... 17 717 17 340
23.0 ... ... 20.1 18.8
1985 ............................................................................... 1986 ............................................................................... 1987 ............................................................................... 1988 ............................................................................... 1989 ...............................................................................
94 521 96 903 99 303 101 407 103 480
16 996 16 975 16 913 17 002 16 980
18.0 17.5 17.0 16.8 16.4
1990 ............................................................................... 1991 ............................................................................... 1992 ............................................................................... 1993 ............................................................................... 1994 2 ............................................................................
103 905 102 786 103 688 105 087 107 989
16 740 16 568 16 390 16 598 16 748
16.1 16.1 15.8 15.8 15.5
1995 ............................................................................... 1996 ............................................................................... 1997 ............................................................................... 1998 ............................................................................... 1999 ...............................................................................
110 038 111 960 114 533 116 730 118 963
16 360 16 269 16 110 16 211 16 477
14.9 14.5 14.1 13.9 13.9
2000 ............................................................................... 2001 ............................................................................... 2002 ............................................................................... 2003 ............................................................................... 2004 ...............................................................................
120 786 122 482 121 826 122 358 123 554
16 258 16 387 16 145 15 776 15 472
13.5 13.4 13.3 12.9 12.5
1Annual average data beginning in 1983 are not directly comparable with the May data for 1977–1980. 2Data beginning in 1994 are not strictly comparable with data for 1993 and earlier years because of the
collection methodology and the introduction of 1990 census-based population controls. . . . = Not available.
introduction of a major redesign of the Current Population Survey questionnaire and
465
LABOR MANAGEMENT RELATIONS
Table 10-6. Union Affiliation of Employed Wage and Salary Workers by State, 2003–2004 (Numbers in thousands, percent.) 2003 State
2004
Members of unions 1 Total employed
Total
Percent of employed
Represented by unions 2 Total
Percent of employed
Members of unions 1 Total employed
Total
Percent of employed
Represented by unions 2 Total
Percent of employed
U.S. TOTAL ......................................................
122 358
15 776
12.9
17 448
14.3
123 554
15 472
12.5
17 087
13.8
Alabama ............................................................ Alaska ............................................................... Arizona .............................................................. Arkansas ........................................................... California ...........................................................
1 822 265 2 191 1 035 14 350
147 59 113 50 2 414
8.1 22.3 5.2 4.8 16.8
172 65 140 61 2 647
9.5 24.6 6.4 5.9 18.4
1 861 268 2 323 1 058 14 414
181 54 145 51 2 385
9.7 20.1 6.3 4.8 16.5
213 60 183 65 2 588
11.5 22.4 7.9 6.2 18.0
Colorado ........................................................... Connecticut ....................................................... Delaware ........................................................... District of Columbia ........................................... Florida ...............................................................
2 007 1 489 366 268 6 652
156 229 42 39 407
7.8 15.4 11.4 14.6 6.1
180 244 46 46 557
9.0 16.4 12.5 17.2 8.4
2 050 1 539 373 258 6 943
172 235 46 33 414
8.4 15.3 12.4 12.7 6.0
191 256 49 38 533
9.3 16.6 13.2 14.5 7.7
Georgia ............................................................. Hawaii ............................................................... Idaho ................................................................. Illinois ................................................................ Indiana ..............................................................
3 703 511 548 5 399 2 768
249 122 39 967 327
6.7 23.8 7.0 17.9 11.8
298 127 47 1 003 352
8.0 24.8 8.6 18.6 12.7
3 773 533 561 5 410 2 717
242 126 33 908 311
6.4 23.7 5.8 16.8 11.4
282 132 44 971 338
7.5 24.8 7.9 17.9 12.4
Iowa .................................................................. Kansas .............................................................. Kentucky ........................................................... Louisiana .......................................................... Maine ................................................................
1 365 1 204 1 681 1 685 567
157 96 175 109 73
11.5 7.9 10.4 6.5 12.8
196 124 216 132 81
14.4 10.3 12.8 7.9 14.3
1 345 1 223 1 699 1 697 564
141 103 164 129 64
10.5 8.4 9.6 7.6 11.3
171 132 197 157 74
12.7 10.8 11.6 9.3 13.2
Maryland ........................................................... Massachusetts .................................................. Michigan ........................................................... Minnesota ......................................................... Mississippi ........................................................
2 481 2 925 4 188 2 435 1 117
354 416 919 414 55
14.3 14.2 21.9 17.0 5.0
410 454 968 441 73
16.5 15.5 23.1 18.1 6.6
2 502 2 920 4 305 2 429 1 108
272 393 930 424 53
10.9 13.5 21.6 17.5 4.8
313 430 966 443 70
12.5 14.7 22.4 18.3 6.3
Missouri ............................................................ Montana ............................................................ Nebraska .......................................................... Nevada ............................................................. New Hampshire ................................................
2 546 360 819 943 607
336 50 64 136 56
13.2 14.0 7.9 14.4 9.3
363 54 87 149 69
14.2 14.9 10.6 15.8 11.3
2 546 366 831 1 006 618
315 43 69 126 61
12.4 11.7 8.3 12.5 9.9
357 46 83 144 68
14.0 12.6 10.0 14.3 11.0
New Jersey ....................................................... New Mexico ...................................................... New York .......................................................... North Carolina ................................................... North Dakota .....................................................
3 777 741 7 874 3 576 284
737 57 1 936 111 21
19.5 7.6 24.6 3.1 7.3
801 70 2 017 135 26
21.2 9.5 25.6 3.8 9.0
3 769 734 7 901 3 549 292
745 49 1 996 97 22
19.8 6.7 25.3 2.7 7.7
813 65 2 085 127 26
21.6 8.9 26.4 3.6 9.0
Ohio .................................................................. Oklahoma ......................................................... Oregon .............................................................. Pennsylvania .................................................... Rhode Island .....................................................
5 100 1 406 1 466 5 261 494
850 96 230 794 84
16.7 6.8 15.7 15.1 17.0
923 111 240 847 86
18.1 7.9 16.4 16.1 17.5
4 998 1 402 1 471 5 298 487
759 86 224 793 79
15.2 6.1 15.2 15.0 16.3
820 100 243 842 83
16.4 7.1 16.5 15.9 17.0
South Carolina .................................................. South Dakota .................................................... Tennessee ........................................................ Texas ................................................................ Utah ..................................................................
1 689 353 2 384 9 072 1 015
71 19 179 508 53
4.2 5.4 7.5 5.6 5.2
90 23 218 621 69
5.3 6.4 9.2 6.8 6.8
1 765 347 2 465 9 072 1 001
54 21 164 457 58
3.0 6.0 6.7 5.0 5.8
74 27 191 573 67
4.2 7.7 7.7 6.3 6.7
Vermont ............................................................ Virginia .............................................................. Washington ....................................................... West Virginia ..................................................... Wisconsin ......................................................... Wyoming ...........................................................
281 3 243 2 539 671 2 613 224
27 210 502 88 414 18
9.7 6.5 19.7 13.1 15.9 8.0
33 251 531 95 438 22
11.7 7.7 20.9 14.2 16.8 9.8
291 3 308 2 645 700 2 597 222
29 176 510 99 414 18
9.8 5.3 19.3 14.2 16.0 8.0
33 218 536 110 439 22
11.4 6.6 20.3 15.7 16.9 9.8
Note: Beginning in January 2004, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. Data refer to the sole or principal job of full and part-time workers. Excluded are all self-employed workers, regardless of whether or not their businesses are incorporated. 1Data 2Data
refer to members of a labor union or an employee association similar to a union. refer to members of a labor union or to an employee association similar to a union, as well as to workers who report no union affiliation but whose jobs are covered by a union or an employee association contract.
PART ELEVEN FOREIGN LABOR AND PRICE STATISTICS
FOREIGN LABOR AND PRICE STATISTICS HIGHLIGHTS This part compares several summary statistics of labor force status, manufacturing productivity, and consumer prices from the United States with those from other countries. Different concepts and methodologies make inter-country comparison difficult. BLS makes such adjustments as it can to reconcile some of the data. There are lags in the receipt of data from other countries; thus, comparisons here are based on the latest data available.
Unemployment Rate, 10 Countries, 2004 (Approximating U.S. Concepts) 12.0
Unemployment Rate
10.0
8.0
6.0
4.0
2.0
0.0
France
Germany
Italy
Sweden Canada
United States
Australia
Japan
United Netherlands Kingdom
Country
In 2004, the unemployment rate in the United States was 5.5 percent. This was somewhat higher than the unemployment rate in Japan and the United Kingdom, but considerably lower than those of France, Germany, and Italy. (Table 11-1) OTHER HIGHLIGHTS: • In 2004, Canada had the highest labor force participation at 67.3 percent, followed by the United States with 66.0 percent. In contrast, Italy had a labor force participation rate of only 49.1 percent. (Table 11-1) • Inflation in 2004 continued to be moderate in all countries. Spain and the United Kingdom had the highest rate at 3.0 percent. Japan had zero inflation while prices in both Norway and Sweden went up by only 0.4 percent. (Table 11-5) • In 2004, manufacturing productivity grew at a much faster rate in Korea than in the United States (12.1 percent compared to 4.7 percent). While total hours declined for both countries, output rose 11.4 percent in Korea while only increasing 4.3 percent in the United States. (Table 11-2) • Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita grew the fastest in Korea in 2004, but Sweden had the highest rate of increase in GDP per employed person. (Table 11-9) • The United States had the highest amount of real GDP per capita in 2004 (as adjusted for purchasing power parity, or price differences) at $38,392. Korea had the lowest at $19,715. (Table 11-6)
469
470
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
NOTES AND DEFINITIONS Collection and Coverage From its inception, the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) has conducted a program of research and statistical analysis to compare labor conditions in the United States and selected foreign countries. The principal comparative measures cover the labor force, employment, and unemployment; trends in labor productivity and unit labor costs in manufacturing; and hourly compensation costs for manufacturing production workers.All of the measures are based upon statistical data and other source materials from (a) the statistical agencies of the foreign countries studied; (b) international and supranational bodies such as the United Nations, the International Labour Office (ILO), the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), and the Statistical Office of the European Communities (EUROSTAT), which attempt to obtain comparable country data; and (c) other secondary sources. International statistical comparisons should be used cautiously, as the statistical concepts and methods in each country are primarily fashioned to meet domestic (rather than international) needs. Wherever possible, BLS adjusts the data to improve comparability. The first table provides BLS comparative measures of the civilian labor force participation rate, employment, and unemployment, approximating U.S. concepts. The second table provides trend indexes of manufacturing labor productivity (output per hour), hourly compensation, unit labor costs (labor compensation per unit of output), and related measures for the United States and 14 other countries. The next table is limited to production workers in manufacturing. It shows hourly compensation costs in U.S. dollars for the United States and 29 other countries.
The fourth and fifth tables provide consumer price indexes for selected countries. No adjustments for comparability are made in the total indexes except to convert them to a uniform base year (1982–1984=100). The final tables present comparative levels and trends in real gross domestic product (GDP) per capita and per employed person for 15 countries. All GDP series are converted to U.S. dollars through the use of purchasing power parities. United States and Canada U.S. data in this chapter have been revised from 1998 forward and are based on the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). Output, a value-added measure, is based on a new methodology that balances and reconciles industry production with commodity usage. Canadian data are also on a NAICS basis for 1997 onward. Labor productivity is defined as real output per hour worked. Although the labor productivity measure presented in this part relates output to the hours worked of persons employed in manufacturing, it does not measure the specific contributions of labor as a single factor of production. Rather, it reflects the joint effects of many influences, including new technology, capital investment, capacity utilization, energy use, managerial skills, and the skills and efforts of the workforce. Unit labor costs are defined as the cost of labor input required to produce one unit of output. They are computed as compensation in nominal terms divided by real output. Sources of Additional Information An extensive description of the methodology can be found in the BLS Handbook of Methods, April 1997, and in special reports on the BLS Web site.
471
FOREIGN LABOR AND PRICE STATISTICS
Table 11-1. Employment Status of the Working-Age Population, Approximating U.S. Concepts, 10 Countries, 1970–2004 (Numbers in thousands, percent.) Year and category
Employed 1970 ....................................................................................... 1971 ....................................................................................... 1972 ....................................................................................... 1973 ....................................................................................... 1974 .......................................................................................
United States
Canada
Australia
Japan
France
Germany 1
Italy
Netherlands
Sweden
United Kingdom
78 678 79 367 153 85 064 86 794
7 919 8 104 8 344 8 761 9 125
5 388 5 517 5 601 5 765 5 891
50 140 50 470 50 590 51 920 51 710
20 270 20 420 20 540 20 840 21 030
26 100 26 220 26 280 26 590 26 240
19 080 19 020 18 710 18 870 19 280
... ... ... 5 050 5 100
3 850 3 854 3 856 3 873 3 956
20 860 21 030 21 220 21 320 21 390
25 540 25 400 25 430 25 650 26 080
19 400 19 500 19 670 19 720 19 930
5 070 5 100 5 210 5 260 5 350
4 056 4 082 4 093 4 109 4 174
24 765 24 618 24 646 24 781 25 038
21 440 21 330 390 21 380 21 200
26 490 26 450 26 150 225 770 25 830
20 200 20 280 20 250 20 320 20 390
5 520 5 550 5 520 25 420 5 490
4 226 4 219 4 213 4 218 4 249
24 925 24 263 23 789 23 614 24 122
21 150 21 240 21 320 21 520 21 850
26 010 26 380 26 590 26 800 27 200
20 490 610 20 590 20 870 20 770
5 650 5 740 5 850 25 884 5 989
4 293 4 326 340 4 410 4 480
24 430 24 585 25 079 25 912 26 595
21 080 360 21 230 220 543 20 171
6 267 6 383 6 549 6 572 6 664
4 513 4 447 4 265 4 028 3 992
26 720 26 014 25 391 25 165 25 691
282
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................
85 846 88 752 92 017 296 048 98 824
9 284 652 9 825 10 124 10 561
5 866 5 946 6 000 6 038 6 111
51 530 52 030 52 720 53 370 54 040
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................
99 303 100 397 99 526 100 834 105 005
10 872 11 192 10 847 10 936 11 211
6 284 6 416 6 415 6 300 6 494
54 600 55 060 55 620 56 550 56 870
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................
107 150 597 112 440 114 968 117 342
11 526 11 873 12 222 12 590 12 865
6 697 984 7 142 7 413 7 734
57 260 57 740 58 320 59 310 60 500
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................
2109
2118
29
26
221
222
12 956 12 748 12 632 12 694 12 960
7 877 7 698 7 660 7 699 7 942
61 700 62 920 63 620 63 820 63 860
124 900 126 708 558 463 488
13 185 13 309 13 607 13 946 14 314
8 256 8 364 8 444 8 618 8 762
63 900 64 200 64 900 64 450 63 920
21 956 22 039 22 169 22 597 23 053
35 780 35 637 35 508 36 061 236 042
20 030 20 120 20 165 20 366 20 613
6 730 6 858 7 163 7 321 7 595
4 056 4 019 3 973 4 034 4 117
25 696 25 945 26 418 26 691 27 056
891 136 933 136 485 2137 736 2139 252
14 676 14 866 15 221 15 579 15 864
8 989 9 091 9 271 9 481 9 677
63 790 63 460 62 650 62 510 62 630
23 693 24 128 24 293 24 293 ...
36 236 36 346 36 061 35 754 35 796
20 969 21 356 21 665 21 973 22 105
7 912 8 130 8 059 8 035 8 061
4 229 4 303 4 310 4 303 4 276
27 373 27 604 27 817 28 079 28 334
Unemployed 1970 ....................................................................................... 1971 ....................................................................................... 1972 ....................................................................................... 1973 ....................................................................................... 1974 .......................................................................................
4 093 5 016 4 882 4 365 5 156
476 535 553 515 514
91 107 150 136 162
590 640 730 680 730
530 580 610 590 630
140 160 190 190 420
640 640 740 720 620
... ... ... 160 190
59 101 107 98 80
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................
7 929 7 406 6 991 6 202 6 137
690 836 898 831
302 298 358 405 408
1 000 1 080 1 100 1 240 1 170
910 1 020 1 160 1 220 1 390
890 890 900 870 780
690 790 840 850 920
270 290 270 280 290
67 66 75 94 88
1 174 1 414 1 470 1 453 1 432
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................
7 637 8 273 10 678 10 717 8 539
854 887 1 298 1 437 1 377
409 394 495 697 641
1 140 1 260 1 360 1 560 1 610
1 490 1 760 930 2 020 2 360
770 1 090 1 560 21 900 1 970
920 1 040 1 160 1 270 1 280
350 540 630 2700 710
86 108 137 151 136
1 833 2 609 2 875 3 081 3 241
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................
8 312 8 237 7 425 6 701 6 528
1 309 1 216 1 123 1 000 986
603
612 558 490
1 560 1 670 1 730 1 550 1 420
2 470 2 520 2 570 2 460 2 320
2 010 1 860 1 800 1 810 1 640
1 310 680 1 760 1 790 1 760
600 640 650 2458 427
125 117 297 84 72
3 151 3 161 2 940 2 445 2 082
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................
1 590 580 1 680 22 227 2 421
390 373 373 442 489
81 144 255 416 426
2 053 2 530 2 823 2 930 2 433
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................
1Unified Germany 2Break in series.
2136
27
2716
22
21
770 059 1 116 946 949
21
563 788 897 914 829
1 340 1 360 1 420 1 660 1 920
7 404 7 236 739 210 880
1 254 1 295 1 256 1 169 1 075
739 751 759 721 652
2 100 2 250 2 300 2 790 3 170
2 787 2 946 2 940 2 837 2 711
3 200 3 505 3 907 3 693 23 333
2 544 2 555 2 584 2 634 2 559
478 443 374 296 253
404 440 445 368 313
2 439 2 298 1 987 1 788 1 726
602
3 200 3 400 3 590 3 500 3 130
2 385 2 226 2 393 2 577 2 630
3 065 3 109 3 438 3 838 3 899
2 388 2 164 2 062 2 048 1 960
237 208 227 318 396
260 227 234 264 300
1 584 1 486 1 524 1 484 1 414
25
692 6 801 8 378 28 774 28 149
956 1 026 1 146 1 150 1 092
2661
636 611 567
1 460 204 2 615 3 113 3 318
221
1 087 1 388 1 511 1 538 1 376
26 26 25
084 2 210 2 443 2 776 2 926
236
047 8 628 9 613 8 940 27 996
for 1991 onward. Prior to 1991, data relate to the former West Germany.
. . . = Not available.
2601
21
27 950 871 36 390 35 989 35 756
24
793 117 718 118 492 120 259 2123 060
2129 2131 2133
081 22 120 22 002 21 714 21 750
220
24 330 323 24 394 24 785 24 857
224
22
21
472
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 11-1. Employment Status of the Working-Age Population, Approximating U.S. Concepts, 10 Countries, 1970–2004—Continued (Numbers in thousands, percent.) Year and category
United States
Civilian Labor Force Participation Rate 1970 ....................................................................................... 1971 ....................................................................................... 1972 ....................................................................................... 1973 ....................................................................................... 1974 .......................................................................................
60.4 60.2 60.4 60.8 61.2
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................
61.2 61.6 62.3 63.2 63.7
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
Canada
Australia
Japan
France
Germany 1
Netherlands
Italy
Sweden
United Kingdom
57.8 58.1 58.6 59.7 60.5
62.1 62.2 62.3 62.6 63.0
64.5 64.3 63.8 64.0 63.1
57.5 57.4 57.2 57.3 57.4
56.9 56.5 56.2 56.3 55.7
49.0 48.7 47.7 47.6 47.7
... ... ... 53.4 53.5
64.0 64.2 64.1 64.1 64.8
61.1
62.8 63.7 64.5
63.2 62.7 62.7 61.9 61.6
62.4 62.4 62.5 62.8 62.7
57.2 57.5 57.8 57.7 57.8
55.0 54.6 54.4 54.4 54.5
47.7 48.0 48.2 47.8 48.0
54.5 54.1 54.2 54.0 54.2
65.9 66.0 65.9 66.1 66.6
63.1 63.0 62.8 62.6 62.7
63.8 63.9 64.0 64.0 64.4
65.0 65.6 64.9 65.2 65.5
62.1 61.9 61.7 61.4 61.5
62.6 62.6 62.7 63.1 62.7
257.5
57.5 57.5
57.2 57.2
54.7 54.7 54.6 254.3 54.4
48.2 48.3 47.7 47.5 47.3
55.4 56.7 56.6 255.7 55.7
66.9 66.8 66.8 66.7 66.6
62.8 62.7 61.9 61.6 62.8
....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................
64.8 65.3 65.6 65.9 66.5
65.9 66.4 66.7 67.1 67.4
61.7
56.8 56.7 56.5 56.2 56.1
54.7 54.9 55.0 55.1 55.2
47.2
55.5 56.0 56.3 254.4 54.6
66.9 67.0
62.9 63.3 64.1
62.3 62.1 61.9 61.9 62.2
266.4
66.9 67.3
62.9 62.9 63.2 63.8 64.3
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................
266.5
67.3 66.7 65.9 65.5 65.1
64.7 64.2 63.9 63.5 63.9
62.6 63.2 63.4 63.3 63.1
255.7
66.2 66.4 66.3 266.6
55.7 55.7 55.4 55.6
258.8
247.7
58.1 57.8 57.4
47.5 248.3 47.6
56.2 56.6 57.5 57.9 58.6
67.3 67.0 65.7 64.5 63.7
64.4 63.7 62.9 62.6 62.4
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................
66.6 66.8 67.1 67.1 67.1
64.8 64.6 64.9 65.3 65.7
64.5 64.6 64.3 64.3 64.0
62.9 63.0 63.2 62.8 62.4
55.4 55.7 55.6 55.9 56.3
57.1 57.1 57.3 57.7 256.9
47.3 47.3 47.3 47.6 47.9
58.8 59.2 60.8 61.1 62.6
64.1 64.0 63.3 62.8 62.8
62.4 62.4 62.5 62.5 62.8
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................
67.1 66.8 66.6 66.2 66.0
65.8 65.9 66.7 67.3 67.3
64.4 64.4 64.4 64.6 64.7
62.0 61.6 60.8 60.3 60.0
56.6 56.9 57.2 57.4 ...
56.7 56.7 56.5 56.4 ...
48.1 48.2 48.5 49.1 49.1
64.5 65.6 64.7 64.9 65.5
63.8 63.7 64.0 64.0 63.7
62.9 62.7 62.9 63.0 63.0
Unemployment Rate 1970 ....................................................................................... 1971 ....................................................................................... 1972 ....................................................................................... 1973 ....................................................................................... 1974 .......................................................................................
4.9 5.9 5.6 4.9 5.6
5.7 6.2 6.2 5.5 5.3
1.6 1.9 2.6 2.3 2.7
1.2 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.4
2.5 2.8 2.9 2.8 2.9
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 1.6
3.2 3.3 3.8 3.7 3.1
... ... ... 3.1 3.6
1.5 2.6 2.7 2.5 2.0
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................
8.5 7.7 7.1 6.1 5.8
6.9
7.8 8.1 7.3
4.9 4.8 5.6 6.3 6.3
1.9 2.0 2.0 2.3 2.1
4.2 4.6 5.2 5.4 6.1
3.4 3.4 3.4 3.3 2.9
3.4 3.9 4.1 4.1 4.4
5.1 5.4 4.9 5.1 5.1
1.6 1.6 1.8 2.2 2.1
4.5 5.4 5.6 5.5 5.4
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................
7.1 7.6 9.7 9.6 7.5
7.3 7.3 10.7 11.6 10.9
6.1 5.8 7.2 10.0 9.0
2.0 2.2 2.4 2.7 2.8
28.3
6.5 7.6
8.6 10.0
2.8 4.0 5.6 26.9 7.1
4.4 4.9 5.4 5.9 5.9
6.0 8.9 10.2 211.4 11.5
2.0 2.5 3.1 3.5 3.1
6.9 9.7 10.8 11.5 11.8
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................
7.2 7.0 6.2 5.5 5.3
10.2 9.3 8.4 7.4 7.1
8.3
2.7 2.8 2.9 2.5 2.3
10.5 10.6 10.8 10.3 9.6
7.2 6.6 6.3 6.3 5.7
6.0
9.6 10.0 10.0 27.2 6.7
2.8 2.6
7.9 7.0 6.0
22.2
1.9 1.6
11.4 11.4 10.5 8.6 7.3
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................
25.6
7.7 9.8 10.7 10.8 9.6
6.7 9.3 10.5 10.6 9.4
2.1 2.1 2.2 2.5 2.9
28.6
6.8 7.5 6.9 26.1
9.1 10.0 11.3 11.9
25.6
26.9
6.7 8.0 8.5
7.3 29.8 10.7
5.9 5.5 5.4 6.3 6.8
1.8 3.1 5.6 9.4 9.6
7.1 8.9 10.0 10.4 8.7
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................
5.6 5.4 4.9 4.5 4.2
8.7 8.9 8.4 7.7 7.0
8.2 8.2 8.3 7.7 6.9
3.2 3.4 3.4 4.1 4.7
11.3 11.8 11.7 11.2 10.5
8.2 9.0 9.9 9.3 28.5
11.3 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.0
6.6 6.1 5.0 3.9 3.2
9.1 9.9 10.1 8.4 7.1
8.7 8.1 7.0 6.3 6.0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... ....................................................................................... .......................................................................................
4.0 4.7 5.8 6.0 5.5
6.1 6.5 7.0 6.9 6.4
6.3
4.8 5.1 5.4 5.3 4.8
9.1 8.4 9.0 9.6 9.8
7.8 7.9 8.7 9.7 9.8
10.2 9.2 8.7 8.5 8.1
2.9 2.5 2.7 3.8 4.7
5.8 5.0 5.1 5.8 6.6
5.5 5.1 5.2 5.0 4.8
1Unified Germany 2Break in series.
262.5
26.9
for 1991 onward. Prior to 1991, data relate to the former West Germany.
. . . = Not available.
262.8
27.9
26.8
6.4 6.1 5.5
55.3
5.0
247.8
47.6 47.4 47.3 47.2
27.5
7.9 7.9 7.8 7.0
61.1
262.8
62.9 63.1 63.1
3.1
24.2
4.4 3.7 3.7
473
FOREIGN LABOR AND PRICE STATISTICS
Table 11-2. Indexes of Manufacturing Productivity and Related Measures, 15 Countries, 1970 and 1990–2004 (1992=100.) Item and year
Output per Hour 4 1970 ..............................................
United States1
Canada 2
Japan
Korea
Taiwan
Belgium
Denmark
France
Germany 3
Italy
Netherlands
Norway Sweden
United Kingdom
Australia
...
55.9
37.7
...
...
32.9
46.3
38.5
52.0
46.2
38.5
59.1
52.2
47.0
...
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
93.5 96.3 100.0 102.7 108.1
93.4 95.3 100.0 105.8 110.8
94.4 99.0 100.0 101.7 103.3
81.5 91.7 100.0 108.5 117.7
89.0 96.6 100.0 102.7 106.3
96.8 99.1 100.0 102.5 108.4
98.5 99.7 100.0 100.3 112.7
92.7 96.4 100.0 101.2 109.4
99.0 98.3 100.0 101.0 108.5
96.6 96.1 100.0 101.2 104.8
98.7 99.0 100.0 102.0 113.1
98.1 98.2 100.0 99.6 99.6
94.6 95.5 100.0 107.3 117.8
90.2 94.3 100.0 103.9 108.0
91.6 96.4 100.0 106.1 104.9
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
112.1 116.8 121.7 130.2 136.7
112.4 109.7 113.5 117.7 124.2
111.0 116.1 121.0 121.2 126.7
128.8 141.6 159.7 178.0 198.0
114.6 122.3 127.9 134.3 141.5
113.2 116.3 125.5 126.9 125.5
112.7 109.0 117.7 117.1 119.0
116.0 116.7 125.8 132.7 138.8
110.2 113.3 120.0 120.4 123.4
107.9 108.3 110.3 110.8 110.5
117.3 119.3 121.4 124.1 127.0
100.7 102.5 102.0 99.9 103.6
124.5 129.5 141.0 149.5 162.7
106.3 105.5 106.8 108.4 113.6
105.8 113.6 115.2 118.5 119.9
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
147.7 149.2 164.3 180.5 189.0
131.4 129.2 134.1 137.2 141.2
135.9 135.9 139.2 154.5 165.1
214.9 213.4 234.2 250.5 280.7
149.5 158.1 170.0 176.1 184.3
130.8 132.1 137.6 144.0 148.7
123.2 123.4 125.7 132.1 133.2
148.7 151.0 158.4 158.8 164.4
132.0 135.7 137.4 140.9 147.4
113.5 114.0 112.2 111.2 110.6
132.7 132.5 139.8 146.7 ...
106.6 109.8 112.8 114.4 116.8
175.5 171.4 189.2 201.5 220.3
120.9 124.9 127.8 134.1 140.8
128.1 132.2 136.7 142.0 141.2
Output 1970 ..............................................
...
59.9
39.4
7.0
12.7
57.6
72.7
56.9
70.9
48.1
59.8
91.0
80.7
90.2
...
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
98.2 96.8 100.0 104.2 112.2
106.0 99.0 100.0 105.9 114.1
97.1 102.0 100.0 96.3 94.9
86.7 95.0 100.0 105.4 116.8
90.2 96.2 100.0 102.3 108.1
101.0 100.7 100.0 97.0 101.4
101.7 100.3 100.0 97.0 107.5
97.7 99.2 100.0 95.9 100.6
99.1 102.4 100.0 92.0 94.9
99.4 99.3 100.0 96.5 102.4
99.0 99.8 100.0 97.7 104.5
101.4 99.0 100.0 101.7 104.6
110.1 104.1 100.0 101.9 117.0
105.4 100.1 100.0 101.4 106.2
104.1 100.7 100.0 103.8 109.1
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
117.3 121.6 129.0 137.7 143.7
119.6 119.6 127.7 134.0 145.0
98.9 103.0 106.5 100.2 101.9
129.9 138.3 145.0 133.5 162.6
114.4 119.5 126.9 131.1 139.6
104.2 105.9 112.7 114.4 114.4
112.7 107.5 116.3 117.2 118.2
106.2 106.3 113.3 119.0 123.1
94.0 92.0 96.1 97.2 98.2
107.2 105.4 108.8 110.7 110.3
108.2 108.9 111.6 114.9 117.6
107.3 110.3 114.2 113.7 113.6
131.9 136.4 146.5 158.3 172.5
107.8 108.7 110.7 111.3 112.2
108.7 112.6 115.1 118.6 118.3
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
152.7 144.2 147.5 154.1 160.7
159.3 152.7 155.9 156.5 162.4
109.2 105.5 102.8 112.6 118.8
190.2 194.3 209.1 220.6 245.8
150.3 140.8 151.2 159.9 174.9
119.9 119.9 120.0 121.0 123.8
122.5 122.5 120.8 120.4 117.0
128.8 130.1 129.9 129.2 130.5
104.8 106.8 104.9 104.7 109.5
113.6 113.0 111.7 110.2 110.2
122.8 121.9 122.0 120.0 121.4
112.8 112.3 112.2 107.6 109.5
188.3 184.3 194.8 199.9 218.7
114.9 113.4 109.9 110.0 112.0
123.8 123.7 129.1 131.4 131.3
Total Hours 1970 ..............................................
104.3
107.1
104.3
...
...
174.7
157.0
147.5
...
104.0
155.5
153.9
154.7
191.9
...
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
105.0 100.5 100.0 101.4 103.8
113.5 103.9 100.0 100.1 103.0
102.9 103.1 100.0 94.7 91.9
106.4 103.6 100.0 97.1 99.2
101.4 99.6 100.0 99.6 101.7
104.3 101.5 100.0 94.7 93.6
103.3 100.6 100.0 96.8 95.4
105.5 102.9 100.0 94.8 91.9
100.1 104.1 100.0 91.1 87.5
102.9 103.3 100.0 95.4 97.7
100.3 100.8 100.0 95.8 92.4
103.4 100.8 100.0 102.1 105.0
116.4 109.0 100.0 94.9 99.4
116.9 106.1 100.0 97.7 98.3
113.6 104.4 100.0 97.8 103.9
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
104.6 104.2 106.0 105.7 105.1
106.4 109.0 112.4 113.8 116.8
89.1 88.7 88.0 82.7 80.4
100.9 97.6 90.8 75.0 82.1
99.8 97.7 99.2 97.6 98.7
92.0 91.0 89.8 90.2 91.2
100.0 98.6 98.8 100.1 99.4
91.6 91.1 90.0 89.7 88.7
85.3 81.2 80.1 80.7 79.6
99.4 97.3 98.6 99.9 99.8
92.3 91.2 91.9 92.6 92.6
106.6 107.6 112.0 113.7 109.6
105.9 105.3 103.9 105.9 106.0
101.4 103.0 103.6 102.7 98.8
102.8 99.1 100.0 100.1 98.7
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
103.4 96.6 89.8 85.4 85.0
121.3 118.2 116.2 114.1 115.0
80.3 77.7 73.9 72.9 72.0
88.5 91.1 89.3 88.1 87.6
100.5 89.0 89.0 90.8 94.9
91.7 90.8 87.2 84.0 83.3
99.4 99.3 96.1 91.1 87.8
86.6 86.1 82.0 81.3 79.4
79.4 78.7 76.4 74.3 74.3
100.1 99.1 99.6 99.1 99.6
92.5 92.0 87.3 81.8 ...
105.9 102.3 99.4 94.0 93.8
107.3 107.5 103.0 99.2 99.3
95.1 90.8 86.0 82.0 79.5
96.7 93.5 94.5 92.5 93.0
Compensation per Hour– National Currency Basis 4, 5 1970 ..............................................
23.9
17.2
16.4
...
...
13.7
11.1
10.5
...
5.3
19.4
11.8
10.7
6.6
...
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
90.5 95.6 100.0 102.0 105.3
88.5 95.0 100.0 102.0 103.9
90.6 96.5 100.0 102.7 104.7
68.0 85.5 100.0 115.9 133.1
85.2 93.5 100.0 105.9 111.1
90.1 97.3 100.0 104.8 106.1
93.6 97.8 100.0 102.4 106.0
91.0 96.4 100.0 102.9 106.8
89.4 91.4 100.0 106.2 111.0
87.6 94.2 100.0 105.7 106.8
89.8 94.8 100.0 104.5 109.0
92.3 97.5 100.0 101.5 104.4
87.8 95.5 100.0 97.4 99.8
83.8 94.3 100.0 104.6 107.4
86.3 94.0 100.0 105.9 104.3
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
107.3 109.3 112.2 118.7 123.4
106.5 107.4 108.4 112.9 116.7
108.3 109.1 112.6 115.4 114.8
161.6 188.1 204.5 222.7 223.9
120.2 128.2 132.1 137.1 139.6
109.2 111.1 115.2 117.0 118.5
108.2 112.6 116.5 119.6 122.6
110.6 112.3 112.0 113.0 117.2
117.0 122.5 124.9 126.7 129.6
111.3 119.0 123.0 122.2 124.1
112.1 114.4 117.2 122.0 126.0
109.2 113.6 118.7 125.7 133.0
106.8 115.2 121.0 125.6 130.3
108.9 109.7 113.4 122.2 129.6
113.3 122.9 124.6 128.3 133.0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
134.7 137.8 147.9 160.1 163.6
120.5 124.8 128.8 133.2 133.1
113.7 114.6 114.7 115.5 116.1
239.1 246.7 271.6 285.0 316.6
142.3 151.4 145.0 147.3 149.3
120.6 127.2 131.8 137.2 ...
125.0 130.9 136.8 143.7 149.9
123.3 126.7 134.0 139.3 142.7
136.3 140.6 144.0 147.1 148.0
127.8 132.5 135.8 140.1 143.8
132.0 138.2 149.7 160.6 ...
140.5 148.9 156.7 163.4 166.4
136.8 143.8 151.7 157.0 160.6
137.1 142.8 151.3 159.0 164.5
140.2 149.3 154.2 162.4 ...
1U.S. data have been revised from 1998 forward and are based on the 1997 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). 2Canandian data have been revised and are based on NAICS data for 1997 onward. 3Unified Germany for 1991 onward. Prior to 1991, data relate to the former West Germany. 4The data relate to employees (wage and salary earners) in Belgium, Denmark, and Italy, and to all employed persons (employees and self-employed workers) in the other countries. 5Compensation adjusted to include changes in employment taxes that are not compensation to employees, but are labor costs to employers.
. . . = Not available.
474
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 11-2. Indexes of Manufacturing Productivity and Related Measures, 15 Countries, 1970 and 1990–2004—Continued (1992=100.) Item and year
Compensation per Hour–U.S. Currency Basis 4, 5 1970 ..............................................
United States1
Canada 2
Japan
Korea
Taiwan
Belgium
Denmark
France
Germany 3
Italy
Netherlands
Norway
Sweden
United Kingdom
Australia
23.9
19.9
5.8
...
...
8.9
11.1
10.0
8.9
10.3
9.4
10.3
12.0
9.0
...
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
90.5 95.6 100.0 102.0 105.3
91.6 100.2 100.0 95.6 91.9
79.2 90.9 100.0 117.2 129.9
75.0 91.1 100.0 112.9 129.5
79.6 87.9 100.0 100.9 105.6
86.6 91.5 100.0 97.4 102.1
91.2 92.2 100.0 95.3 100.7
88.4 90.4 100.0 96.2 101.9
86.4 86.0 100.0 100.3 107.0
90.1 93.5 100.0 82.8 81.7
86.7 89.1 100.0 98.9 105.4
91.7 93.3 100.0 88.8 91.9
86.4 91.9 100.0 72.8 75.3
84.6 94.4 100.0 88.9 93.2
91.7 99.6 100.0 97.9 103.8
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
107.3 109.3 112.2 118.7 123.4
93.7 95.2 94.6 91.9 94.9
146.1 127.2 117.9 111.7 128.0
164.1 183.4 169.3 124.8 147.6
114.2 117.4 115.5 102.8 108.7
119.1 115.3 103.4 103.6 100.6
116.6 117.2 106.4 107.7 105.9
117.4 116.2 101.5 101.4 100.8
127.6 127.2 112.5 112.5 110.3
84.2 95.0 88.9 86.7 84.1
122.8 119.3 105.6 108.2 107.1
107.1 109.3 104.1 103.4 105.9
87.1 100.1 92.2 92.0 91.7
97.4 96.9 105.1 114.7 118.7
114.1 130.8 126.1 109.8 116.8
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
134.7 137.8 147.9 160.1 163.6
98.0 97.4 99.2 114.9 123.5
133.7 119.5 116.2 126.3 136.0
165.9 149.8 170.4 187.6 216.9
114.6 112.6 105.6 107.7 112.5
88.7 90.8 99.3 123.8 ...
93.2 94.9 104.7 131.9 151.1
91.9 91.5 102.2 127.2 143.2
100.5 100.5 108.7 132.9 147.0
75.1 75.5 81.7 101.0 113.8
97.3 98.8 112.9 145.1 ...
99.1 102.9 121.9 143.4 153.5
86.9 81.0 90.9 113.2 127.4
117.7 116.4 128.7 147.1 170.7
110.8 105.0 114.1 144.1 ...
Unit Labor Costs–National Currency Basis 4, 5 1970 ..............................................
...
30.8
43.6
7.8
23.7
41.7
23.9
27.2
39.8
11.4
50.4
20.0
20.6
14.1
...
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
96.8 99.2 100.0 99.3 97.4
94.8 99.7 100.0 96.5 93.8
95.9 97.5 100.0 101.0 101.4
83.4 93.3 100.0 106.8 113.1
95.7 96.7 100.0 103.2 104.5
93.0 98.1 100.0 102.3 97.9
95.0 98.1 100.0 102.2 94.1
98.2 100.0 100.0 101.7 97.6
90.3 93.0 100.0 105.2 102.4
90.7 98.0 100.0 104.5 101.9
91.1 95.7 100.0 102.4 96.4
94.1 99.2 100.0 101.9 104.8
92.9 100.0 100.0 90.8 84.7
92.9 100.0 100.0 100.7 99.4
94.2 97.5 100.0 99.8 99.4
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
95.7 93.6 92.2 91.2 90.3
94.7 97.9 95.5 95.9 94.0
97.5 94.0 93.0 95.2 90.6
125.5 132.8 128.0 125.1 113.1
104.9 104.8 103.3 102.1 98.7
96.4 95.5 91.8 92.2 94.4
96.0 103.3 98.9 102.1 103.0
95.3 96.2 89.0 85.2 84.5
106.2 108.2 104.1 105.2 105.1
103.2 109.8 111.4 110.3 112.3
95.6 95.9 96.5 98.3 99.1
108.4 110.8 116.4 125.7 128.3
85.8 89.0 85.8 84.0 80.1
102.5 104.0 106.1 112.8 114.1
107.1 108.2 108.2 108.3 110.9
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
91.2 92.4 90.0 88.7 86.6
91.7 96.6 96.1 97.1 94.2
83.6 84.4 82.4 74.8 70.3
111.2 115.6 116.0 113.8 112.8
95.2 95.7 85.3 83.7 81.0
92.2 96.3 95.7 95.3 ...
101.4 106.1 108.8 108.8 112.5
83.0 83.9 84.6 87.7 86.8
103.3 103.6 104.8 104.4 100.4
112.6 116.2 121.1 126.0 130.1
99.5 104.3 107.1 109.5 108.0
131.9 135.6 138.8 142.8 142.5
77.9 83.9 80.1 77.9 72.9
113.4 114.3 118.4 118.5 116.8
109.4 112.9 112.8 114.4 ...
Unit Labor Costs–U.S. Currency Basis 4, 5 1970 ..............................................
...
35.7
15.4
19.6
14.9
27.0
19.3
26.0
17.1
22.3
24.5
17.4
23.1
19.1
...
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
96.8 99.2 100.0 99.3 97.4
98.1 105.2 100.0 90.4 83.0
83.9 91.8 100.0 115.3 125.8
92.1 99.3 100.0 104.0 110.0
89.4 91.0 100.0 98.3 99.3
89.5 92.3 100.0 95.1 94.2
92.7 92.5 100.0 95.1 89.4
95.4 93.8 100.0 95.0 93.2
87.3 87.5 100.0 99.3 98.6
93.3 97.3 100.0 81.8 77.9
87.9 90.0 100.0 96.9 93.2
93.5 95.0 100.0 89.1 92.3
91.3 96.3 100.0 67.8 64.0
93.9 100.0 100.0 85.6 86.2
100.1 103.3 100.0 92.3 98.9
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
95.7 93.6 92.2 91.2 90.3
83.4 86.7 83.3 78.1 76.5
131.6 109.5 97.4 92.2 101.0
127.4 129.5 106.0 70.1 74.6
99.7 96.0 90.3 76.6 76.8
105.2 99.1 82.4 81.6 80.2
103.5 107.6 90.4 92.0 89.0
101.2 99.6 80.7 76.4 72.6
115.8 112.2 93.8 93.4 89.4
78.0 87.7 80.6 78.2 76.2
104.8 100.0 87.0 87.2 84.3
106.4 106.6 102.1 103.5 102.2
70.0 77.3 65.4 61.5 56.4
91.6 91.9 98.4 105.8 104.5
107.9 115.2 109.5 92.6 97.4
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
91.2 92.4 90.0 88.7 86.6
74.6 75.4 74.0 83.8 87.5
98.4 88.0 83.5 81.7 82.4
77.2 70.2 72.8 74.9 77.3
76.6 71.2 62.1 61.2 61.1
67.8 68.7 72.1 86.0 ...
75.6 76.9 83.3 99.9 113.4
61.8 60.6 64.5 80.1 87.1
76.2 74.1 79.1 94.4 99.7
66.2 66.2 72.8 90.8 103.0
73.3 74.5 80.8 98.9 107.2
93.0 93.7 108.1 125.3 131.4
49.5 47.3 48.0 56.2 57.8
97.3 93.2 100.7 109.7 121.2
86.5 79.4 83.4 101.5 ...
Exchange Rate 6 1970 ..............................................
100.0
115.8
35.4
252.7
62.9
64.7
80.5
95.7
42.8
196.5
48.6
86.9
112.3
135.6
152.3
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
103.6 105.5 100.0 93.7 88.4
87.4 94.2 100.0 114.1 124.1
110.4 106.5 100.0 97.4 97.2
93.5 94.0 100.0 95.2 95.1
96.2 94.0 100.0 93.0 96.2
97.5 94.3 100.0 93.1 95.0
97.2 93.7 100.0 93.4 95.4
96.6 94.0 100.0 94.4 96.3
102.8 99.3 100.0 78.3 76.5
96.6 93.9 100.0 94.6 96.7
99.4 95.7 100.0 87.5 88.1
98.4 96.3 100.0 74.7 75.5
101.0 100.1 100.0 85.0 86.7
106.3 106.0 100.0 92.5 99.5
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
88.1 88.6 87.3 81.5 81.3
134.9 116.5 104.7 96.8 111.5
101.5 97.5 82.8 56.0 65.9
95.0 91.6 87.4 75.0 77.8
109.1 103.8 89.8 88.5 84.9
107.8 104.1 91.3 90.1 86.4
106.2 103.5 90.7 89.7 86.0
109.1 103.8 90.0 88.8 85.1
75.6 79.9 72.3 70.9 67.8
109.6 104.3 90.1 88.7 85.0
98.1 96.2 87.7 82.3 79.6
81.6 86.8 76.2 73.3 70.4
89.4 88.4 92.7 93.8 91.6
100.7 106.5 101.1 85.6 87.8
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.............................................. .............................................. .............................................. .............................................. ..............................................
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
81.4 78.0 77.0 86.3 92.8
117.6 104.3 101.2 109.3 117.2
69.4 60.7 62.8 65.8 68.5
80.5 74.4 72.9 73.1 75.4
73.6 71.3 75.3 90.2 99.1
74.6 72.5 76.6 91.8 100.8
74.5 72.2 76.3 91.4 100.4
73.7 71.5 75.5 90.4 99.3
58.7 57.0 60.2 72.0 79.2
73.7 71.4 75.4 90.3 99.3
70.5 69.1 77.8 87.8 92.2
63.5 56.3 59.9 72.1 79.3
85.8 81.5 85.1 92.5 103.8
79.1 70.3 73.9 88.7 100.2
1U.S. data have been revised from 1998 forward and are based on the 1997 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). 2Canandian data have been revised and are based on NAICS data for 1997 onward. 3Unified Germany for 1991 onward. Prior to 1991, data relate to the former West Germany. 4The data relate to employees (wage and salary earners) in Belgium, Denmark, and Italy, and to all employed persons (employees and self-employed 5Compensation adjusted to include changes in employment taxes that are not compensation to employees, but are labor costs to employers. 6Index of value of foreign currency relative to the U.S. dollar.
. . . = Not available.
workers) in the other countries.
475
FOREIGN LABOR AND PRICE STATISTICS
Table 11-3. Hourly Compensation Costs in U.S. Dollars for Production Workers in Manufacturing, 30 Countries and Selected Areas, Selected Years, 1975–2003 (Dollars.) Country or area
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2001
2002
2003
Americas United States ........................................ Brazil .................................................... Canada ................................................. Mexico ..................................................
6.16 ... 6.11 1.47
9.63 ... 8.87 2.21
12.71 ... 11.20 1.59
14.72 ... 16.33 1.58
17.02 ... 16.50 1.46
19.46 3.50 16.48 2.19
20.29 2.94 16.24 2.51
21.11 2.53 16.68 2.60
21.97 2.67 19.28 2.48
Asia and Oceania Australia ............................................... Hong Kong SAR 1 .................................. Israel ..................................................... Japan .................................................... Korea ....................................................
5.62 0.75 2.03 2.97 0.32
8.47 1.50 3.41 5.46 0.95
8.21 1.73 3.66 6.27 1.23
13.14 3.22 7.71 12.54 3.69
15.42 4.80 9.50 23.55 7.26
14.48 5.45 11.49 21.89 8.23
13.31 5.74 12.26 19.25 7.69
15.50 5.66 11.01 18.49 9.00
20.05 5.54 11.73 20.09 10.28
New Zealand ........................................ Singapore ............................................. Sri Lanka .............................................. Taiwan ..................................................
3.10 0.84 0.28 0.38
5.14 1.48 0.22 1.02
4.30 2.45 0.28 1.50
8.01 3.73 0.35 3.89
9.78 7.23 0.48 5.88
7.91 7.36 0.48 6.18
7.53 7.28 0.45 6.03
8.63 6.90 0.49 5.73
11.13 7.41 ... 5.84
Europe Austria .................................................. Belgium ................................................ Czech Republic .................................... Denmark ............................................... Finland ..................................................
4.50 6.39 ... 6.24 4.63
8.87 13.07 ... 10.77 8.30
7.57 8.94 ... 8.10 8.20
17.91 19.10 ... 18.35 21.15
25.26 27.53 2.53 25.43 24.31
19.17 21.53 2.83 22.76 19.44
19.08 20.98 3.13 23.26 19.85
20.69 22.74 3.83 25.62 21.78
25.38 27.73 4.71 32.18 27.17
France .................................................. Germany, Former West ........................ Germany, Unified .................................. Greece .................................................. Ireland ..................................................
4.50 6.26 ... 1.69 3.06
8.90 12.16 ... 3.72 6.03
7.48 9.46 ... 3.65 6.00
15.36 21.71 ... 6.69 11.78
19.26 31.40 30.08 8.94 13.77
15.46 23.66 22.65 ... 12.76
15.65 23.55 22.54 ... 13.64
17.12 25.44 24.34 ... 15.31
21.13 31.25 29.91 ... 19.14
Italy ....................................................... Luxembourg ......................................... Netherlands .......................................... Norway ................................................. Portugal ................................................
4.64 6.22 6.58 6.90 1.52
8.09 11.51 12.05 11.80 1.98
7.56 7.48 8.73 10.47 1.46
17.28 16.00 17.98 21.76 3.59
15.91 23.36 24.03 24.84 5.09
14.05 17.51 19.33 22.66 4.49
13.81 17.21 19.65 23.29 4.59
14.97 18.71 21.62 27.29 5.07
18.35 23.11 26.84 31.55 6.23
Spain .................................................... Sweden ................................................ Switzerland ........................................... United Kingdom ....................................
2.52 7.14 6.03 3.39
5.86 12.44 10.96 7.52
4.64 9.61 9.55 6.23
11.30 20.82 20.63 12.62
12.70 21.46 28.99 13.79
10.66 20.18 21.02 16.82
10.76 18.39 21.60 16.50
11.93 20.23 23.84 17.89
14.96 25.18 27.87 20.37
...
...
...
...
...
14.16
13.70
14.22
16.42
3.86 4.21 5.01 4.94 0.51
6.54 7.11 9.75 9.67 1.16
6.73 7.26 7.88 7.77 1.64
11.99 12.88 17.10 16.88 3.70
15.35 16.35 21.66 21.33 6.46
14.37 15.20 18.42 18.31 6.99
13.92 14.69 18.34 18.19 6.79
14.45 15.32 20.00 19.80 7.02
16.69 17.79 24.22 24.05 7.57
Trade-Weighted Measures 2, 3 All 30 foreign economies ....................... All 30 foreign economies less Brazil and the Czech Republic ................... OECD 4, 5 ............................................... Europe 5 ................................................ European Union-15 6 ............................. Asian NIEs 7 ..........................................
1Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China. 2Since data for Germany are not available before 1993, data for the former West Germany are only included in the trade-weighted measures. 3The trade weights used to compute the average compensation cost measures for selected country or economic groups are relative importances
derived from the sum of the U.S. imports of manufactured products for consumption (customs value) and the U.S. exports of domestic manufactured products (free alongside ship value) in 1992 for each country or area and each economic group. 4Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. 5Data for the Czech Republic are not included for 1975–1994. 6European Union-15 refers to European Union member countries prior to the European Union’s expansion to 25 countries on May 1, 2004. 7The Asian NIEs are Hong Kong, Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan. . . . = Not available.
476
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 11-4. Consumer Price Indexes, 16 Countries, 1950–2004 (1982–1984=100.) Consumer price index 1 Year
United Canada 3 States 2
Japan
Australia 4
Austria
Belgium 5
Denmark 6
France 7
Germany 8
Italy
NetherNorway 9 lands
Spain
Sweden
Switzer- United land 10 Kingdom
1950 1951 1952 1953 1954
........................ ........................ ........................ ........................ ........................
24.1 26.0 26.5 26.7 26.9
21.6 23.9 24.5 24.2 24.4
14.8 17.2 18.0 19.2 20.5
12.6 15.1 17.7 18.4 18.5
... ... ... ... ...
24.0 26.3 26.5 26.4 26.9
12.3 13.5 14.0 14.1 14.2
11.1 13.0 14.6 14.4 14.3
... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... 10.3 10.6
... ... ... ... ...
13.6 15.7 17.1 17.5 18.2
5.5 6.0 5.9 6.0 6.1
13.4 15.5 16.7 16.9 17.1
33.2 34.8 35.7 35.4 35.7
9.8 10.7 11.7 12.1 12.3
1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
........................ ........................ ........................ ........................ ........................
26.8 27.2 28.1 28.9 29.1
24.4 24.8 25.6 26.3 26.6
20.2 20.3 20.9 20.8 21.1
18.9 20.1 20.6 20.9 21.3
... ... ... 31.6 32.0
26.8 27.4 28.2 28.6 29.0
15.0 15.8 16.1 16.3 16.5
14.5 14.8 15.3 17.6 18.7
... ... ... ... ...
10.9 11.2 11.4 11.7 11.7
... ... ... ... ...
18.4 19.1 19.6 20.6 21.0
6.3 6.7 7.4 8.4 9.0
17.5 18.4 19.2 20.0 20.2
36.0 36.5 37.3 37.9 37.7
12.9 13.5 14.0 14.4 14.5
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
........................ ........................ ........................ ........................ ........................
29.6 29.9 30.2 30.6 31.0
26.9 27.1 27.4 27.9 28.4
21.8 23.0 24.6 26.4 27.4
22.1 22.6 22.6 22.7 23.2
32.6 33.8 35.3 36.2 37.6
29.1 29.3 29.8 30.4 31.7
16.7 17.4 18.8 19.8 20.5
19.4 20.0 21.0 22.0 22.7
... ... 43.1 44.4 45.4
11.9 12.2 12.7 13.7 14.5
... ... ... ... ...
21.1 21.6 22.8 23.4 24.7
9.1 9.2 9.7 10.6 11.3
21.0 21.5 22.5 23.2 23.9
38.2 38.9 40.6 42.0 43.3
14.6 15.1 15.8 16.1 16.6
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
........................ ........................ ........................ ........................ ........................
31.5 32.4 33.4 34.8 36.7
29.1 30.2 31.3 32.5 34.0
29.5 31.0 32.3 34.0 35.8
24.1 24.9 25.7 26.3 27.1
39.5 40.3 41.9 43.1 44.4
32.9 34.3 35.3 36.3 37.6
21.8 23.3 25.0 27.0 27.9
23.3 23.9 24.6 25.7 27.3
46.9 48.6 49.4 50.2 51.1
15.2 15.5 16.1 16.3 16.7
... ... ... ... 40.6
25.7 26.6 27.8 28.7 29.6
12.8 13.6 14.5 15.2 15.5
25.1 26.8 27.9 28.4 29.2
44.8 46.9 48.8 50.0 51.3
17.4 18.1 18.5 19.4 20.5
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
........................ ........................ ........................ ........................ ........................
38.8 40.5 41.8 44.4 49.3
35.1 36.2 37.9 40.7 45.2
38.5 40.9 42.9 47.9 59.1
28.2 29.9 31.6 34.6 39.9
46.4 48.5 51.6 55.5 60.8
39.1 40.8 43.0 46.0 51.9
29.8 31.5 33.6 36.7 42.3
28.8 30.3 32.2 34.6 39.3
52.8 55.6 58.7 62.8 67.2
17.5 18.4 19.4 21.6 25.7
42.1 45.3 48.9 52.9 58.1
32.8 34.8 37.3 40.1 43.8
16.4 17.7 19.2 21.4 24.8
31.3 33.6 35.6 38.0 41.7
53.1 56.6 60.4 65.7 72.1
21.8 23.8 25.5 27.9 32.3
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
........................ ........................ ........................ ........................ ........................
53.8 56.9 60.6 65.2 72.6
50.1 53.8 58.1 63.3 69.1
66.0 72.2 78.1 81.4 84.4
45.9 52.1 58.5 63.1 68.8
65.9 70.8 74.6 77.3 80.2
58.5 63.8 68.4 71.4 74.6
46.4 50.5 56.1 61.8 67.7
43.9 48.2 52.7 57.5 63.6
71.2 74.2 77.0 79.0 82.3
30.0 35.1 41.0 46.0 52.8
63.8 69.6 74.1 77.2 80.5
49.0 53.5 58.3 63.1 66.1
29.0 34.1 42.4 50.8 58.8
45.8 50.5 56.3 61.9 66.4
76.9 78.2 79.2 80.1 83.0
40.1 46.8 54.2 58.7 66.6
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
........................ ........................ ........................ ........................ ........................
82.4 90.9 96.5 99.6 103.9
76.1 85.6 94.9 100.4 104.7
90.9 95.4 98.0 99.8 102.1
75.8 83.2 92.4 101.8 105.8
85.3 91.1 96.0 99.2 104.8
79.6 85.6 93.1 100.3 106.6
76.1 85.0 93.6 100.0 106.4
72.3 82.0 91.6 100.5 107.9
86.7 92.2 97.1 100.3 102.7
64.0 75.4 87.8 100.7 111.5
86.1 91.9 97.2 99.8 103.0
73.3 83.3 92.7 100.5 106.8
67.9 77.8 89.0 99.9 111.1
75.5 84.6 91.9 100.0 108.1
86.3 91.9 97.1 100.0 102.9
78.5 87.9 95.4 99.8 104.8
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
........................ ........................ ........................ ........................ ........................
107.6 109.6 113.6 118.3 124.0
108.9 113.4 118.4 123.2 129.3
104.2 104.8 104.9 105.7 108.1
112.9 123.2 133.7 142.9 154.1
108.2 110.0 111.6 113.8 116.6
111.8 113.3 115.0 116.4 120.0
111.4 115.4 120.0 125.5 131.5
114.2 117.2 120.9 124.2 128.6
104.8 104.7 104.9 106.3 109.2
121.8 129.0 135.1 141.9 150.8
105.3 105.6 105.1 106.1 107.1
112.9 121.0 131.6 140.4 146.8
120.9 131.5 138.5 145.1 155.0
116.0 121.0 126.1 133.4 142.0
106.4 107.2 108.8 110.8 114.3
111.1 114.9 119.7 125.6 135.4
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
........................ ........................ ........................ ........................ ........................
130.7 136.2 140.3 144.5 148.2
135.5 143.1 145.3 147.9 148.2
111.4 115.1 117.0 118.5 119.3
165.3 170.7 172.4 175.5 178.8
120.5 124.4 129.5 134.1 138.2
124.1 128.1 131.2 134.8 138.0
135.0 138.2 141.1 142.9 145.8
133.0 137.2 140.6 143.5 145.9
112.1 81.9 86.1 89.9 92.3
160.5 170.6 179.4 187.5 195.0
109.9 113.3 116.9 120.0 123.3
152.8 158.0 161.7 165.4 167.7
165.4 175.2 185.6 194.1 203.3
156.7 171.5 175.6 183.9 187.8
120.5 127.5 132.7 137.0 138.3
148.2 156.9 162.7 165.3 169.3
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
........................ ........................ ........................ ........................ ........................
152.4 156.9 160.5 163.0 166.6
151.4 153.8 156.2 157.7 160.5
119.2 119.3 121.5 122.2 121.8
187.1 192.0 192.5 194.1 197.0
141.3 143.9 145.8 147.1 147.9
140.1 142.9 145.3 146.7 148.3
148.8 151.9 155.3 158.2 162.0
148.4 151.3 153.2 154.3 155.0
93.9 95.3 97.1 98.0 98.6
205.1 213.4 217.7 222.0 225.7
125.7 128.2 131.0 133.6 136.5
171.8 174.0 178.5 182.5 186.7
212.8 220.3 224.8 228.8 234.2
192.4 193.5 194.8 194.2 195.1
140.8 141.9 142.5 142.7 143.8
175.2 179.4 185.1 191.4 194.3
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
........................ ........................ ........................ ........................ ........................
172.2 177.1 179.9 184.0 188.9
164.8 169.0 172.8 177.6 180.9
121.0 120.1 119.1 118.7 118.7
205.8 214.8 221.2 227.4 232.7
151.4 155.5 158.2 160.3 163.7
152.1 155.8 158.4 160.9 164.3
166.8 170.8 174.8 178.5 180.7
157.7 160.3 163.4 166.8 170.3
100.0 102.0 103.4 104.5 106.2
231.4 237.8 243.7 250.3 255.8
140.0 145.9 150.7 153.9 155.7
192.5 198.4 200.9 205.9 206.8
242.1 250.8 259.6 267.6 275.7
196.9 201.6 206.0 209.9 210.7
146.0 147.4 148.4 149.3 150.5
200.1 203.6 207.0 213.0 219.4
1The
indexes are calculated by rebasing the official indexes of each country to the official U.S. base year. Because of the rebasing to 1982–1984, the indexes may differ from official indexes published by national statistical agencies.
2Urban worker households prior to 1978. 3All households from January 1995, all urban
households from September 1978 to December 1994, and middle-income urban households prior to September 1978. In February 1994, excise and duty taxes on cigarettes were reduced by the federal government and three provinces. 4Urban worker households prior to September 1998. 5Excluding rent and several other services prior to 1976. 6Excluding rent prior to 1964. 7Paris only prior to 1962. Urban worker households prior to 1991. 8Unified Germany from 1991 onward. Prior to 1991, data relate to the former West Germany. 9Urban worker households prior to 1960. 10Urban worker households prior to May 1993. . . . = Not available.
FOREIGN LABOR AND PRICE STATISTICS
477
Table 11-5. Consumer Price Indexes, 16 Countries, Percent Change from Previous Year, 1956–2004 (1982–1984=100.) Percent change in consumer price index 1 Year
United Canada 3 States 2
Japan
Australia 4
Austria
Belgium 5
Denmark 6
France 7
Germany 8
Italy
Netherlands
Norway 9
Spain
Sweden
Switzer- United land 10 Kingdom
1956 1957 1958 1959
............................ ............................ ............................ ............................
1.5 3.3 2.8 0.7
1.5 3.2 2.6 1.1
0.4 3.1 -0.5 1.1
6.3 2.7 1.1 1.9
... ... ... ...
2.9 3.1 1.3 1.2
5.3 2.2 0.7 1.8
1.9 3.5 15.1 6.1
... ... ... ...
3.4 1.3 2.8 -0.4
... ... ... ...
3.7 2.7 4.8 2.2
5.9 10.8 13.4 7.3
5.0 4.3 4.4 0.8
1.5 1.9 1.8 -0.7
4.9 3.7 3.0 0.6
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................
1.7 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.3
1.2 0.9 1.2 1.8 1.8
3.7 5.3 6.8 7.6 3.8
4.0 2.6 -0.3 0.5 2.4
... 3.6 4.4 2.7 3.8
0.3 1.0 1.4 2.1 4.2
1.2 4.2 7.5 5.3 3.6
3.6 3.3 4.8 4.8 3.4
... ... ... 2.9 2.4
2.3 2.1 4.7 7.5 5.9
... ... ... ... ...
0.3 2.6 5.3 2.5 5.7
1.2 1.1 5.7 8.8 7.0
4.1 2.1 4.8 2.9 3.4
1.4 1.9 4.3 3.4 3.1
1.0 3.4 4.3 2.0 3.3
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................
1.6 2.9 3.1 4.2 5.5
2.4 3.7 3.5 4.1 4.5
7.6 5.1 4.0 5.3 5.2
4.0 3.0 3.2 2.7 2.9
5.0 2.2 4.0 2.8 3.1
4.1 4.2 2.9 2.8 3.7
6.5 6.7 7.5 8.0 3.5
2.5 2.7 2.7 4.5 6.4
3.1 3.7 1.7 1.5 1.9
4.6 2.3 3.7 1.4 2.7
... ... ... ... ...
4.3 3.2 4.4 3.5 3.1
13.2 6.2 6.4 4.9 2.2
5.0 6.4 4.2 1.9 2.7
3.4 4.7 4.0 2.4 2.5
4.8 3.9 2.5 4.7 5.4
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................
5.7 4.4 3.2 6.2 11.0
3.3 2.9 4.8 7.5 10.9
7.7 6.3 4.9 11.7 23.2
3.9 6.1 5.9 9.5 15.1
4.4 4.7 6.3 7.6 9.5
3.9 4.3 5.5 7.0 12.7
6.5 5.8 6.6 9.3 15.2
5.2 5.5 6.2 7.3 13.7
3.4 5.3 5.5 6.9 7.0
4.9 4.8 5.7 10.8 19.1
3.7 7.6 8.0 8.1 9.8
10.6 6.2 7.2 7.5 9.4
5.7 8.2 8.3 11.5 15.7
7.0 7.4 6.0 6.8 9.9
3.6 6.6 6.7 8.7 9.8
6.4 9.4 7.1 9.2 16.0
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................
9.1 5.8 6.5 7.6 11.3
10.8 7.5 8.0 9.0 9.1
11.7 9.4 8.1 4.2 3.7
15.1 13.5 12.3 7.9 9.1
8.4 7.3 5.5 3.6 3.7
12.8 9.2 7.1 4.4 4.5
9.6 9.0 11.1 10.1 9.6
11.8 9.6 9.4 9.1 10.8
6.0 4.3 3.7 2.7 4.1
17.0 16.8 17.0 12.1 14.8
9.9 9.0 6.4 4.2 4.3
11.7 9.1 9.1 8.1 4.8
17.0 17.6 24.5 19.8 15.7
9.8 10.3 11.4 10.0 7.2
6.7 1.7 1.3 1.1 3.6
24.2 16.5 15.8 8.3 13.4
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................
13.5 10.3 6.2 3.2 4.3
10.1 12.5 10.8 5.8 4.4
7.7 4.9 2.8 1.9 2.3
10.2 9.7 11.2 10.1 4.0
6.4 6.8 5.4 3.3 5.6
6.6 7.6 8.7 7.7 6.3
12.3 11.7 10.1 6.9 6.3
13.6 13.4 11.8 9.6 7.4
5.4 6.3 5.3 3.3 2.4
21.2 17.8 16.5 14.7 10.8
7.0 6.7 5.7 2.7 3.2
10.9 13.6 11.3 8.4 6.2
15.5 14.6 14.5 12.2 11.3
13.7 12.1 8.6 8.9 8.1
4.0 6.5 5.6 2.9 3.0
18.0 11.9 8.6 4.6 5.0
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................
3.6 1.9 3.6 4.1 4.8
4.0 4.1 4.4 4.1 5.0
2.0 0.6 0.1 0.7 2.3
6.7 9.1 8.5 6.9 7.9
3.2 1.7 1.4 2.0 2.5
4.9 1.3 1.6 1.2 3.1
4.7 3.6 4.0 4.6 4.8
5.8 2.7 3.1 2.7 3.6
2.1 -0.1 0.2 1.3 2.8
9.2 5.9 4.7 5.0 6.3
2.3 0.2 -0.4 0.9 1.0
5.7 7.2 8.7 6.7 4.6
8.8 8.8 5.3 4.8 6.8
7.3 4.3 4.2 5.8 6.5
3.4 0.7 1.5 1.8 3.2
6.1 3.4 4.2 4.9 7.8
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................
5.4 4.2 3.0 3.0 2.6
4.8 5.6 1.5 1.8 0.2
3.1 3.3 1.6 1.3 0.7
7.3 3.2 1.0 1.8 1.9
3.3 3.3 4.1 3.6 3.0
3.5 3.2 2.4 2.8 2.4
2.6 2.4 2.1 1.2 2.0
3.4 3.2 2.4 2.1 1.7
2.7 3.7 5.1 4.4 2.7
6.5 6.3 5.2 4.5 4.0
2.6 3.1 3.2 2.6 2.7
4.1 3.4 2.3 2.3 1.4
6.7 6.0 5.9 4.6 4.8
10.4 9.4 2.4 4.7 2.1
5.4 5.8 4.0 3.3 0.9
9.5 5.9 3.7 1.6 2.4
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................
2.8 3.0 2.3 1.6 2.2
2.1 1.6 1.6 0.9 1.7
-0.1 0.1 1.8 0.6 -0.3
4.6 2.6 0.3 0.9 1.5
2.2 1.9 1.3 0.9 0.6
1.5 2.1 1.6 1.0 1.1
2.1 2.1 2.2 1.9 2.5
1.7 2.0 1.2 0.7 0.5
1.7 1.5 1.9 0.9 0.6
5.2 4.0 2.0 2.0 1.7
2.0 2.0 2.2 2.0 2.2
2.4 1.3 2.6 2.3 2.3
4.6 3.6 2.0 1.8 2.3
2.5 0.5 0.7 -0.3 0.5
1.8 0.8 0.5 0.1 0.8
3.5 2.4 3.1 3.4 1.5
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
............................ ............................ ............................ ............................ ............................
3.4 2.8 1.6 2.3 2.7
2.7 2.6 2.2 2.8 1.9
-0.7 -0.7 -0.9 -0.3 0.0
4.5 4.4 3.0 2.8 2.3
2.3 2.7 1.8 1.3 2.1
2.5 2.5 1.6 1.6 2.1
3.0 2.4 2.3 2.1 1.2
1.7 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.1
1.4 2.0 1.4 1.1 1.6
2.5 2.7 2.5 2.7 2.2
2.6 4.5 3.5 2.1 1.2
3.1 3.0 1.3 2.5 0.4
3.4 3.6 3.5 3.1 3.0
0.9 2.4 2.2 1.9 0.4
1.5 1.0 0.7 0.6 0.8
3.0 1.8 1.7 2.9 3.0
1The
figures may differ from official percent changes published by national statistical agencies due to rounding. In the case of Sweden, the official percent changes are not calculated from the published index.
2Urban worker households prior to 1978. 3All households from January 1995, all urban
households from September 1978 to December 1994, and middle-income urban households prior to September 1978. In February 1994, excise and duty taxes on cigarettes were reduced by the federal government and three provinces. In 1994, the consumer price index excluding tobacco increased 1.5 percent.
4Urban worker households prior to September 1998. 5Excluding rent and several other services prior to 1976. 6Excluding rent prior to 1964. 7Paris only prior to 1962. Urban worker households prior to 1991. 8Unified Germany for 1991 onward. Prior to 1991, data relate to the 9Urban worker households prior to 1960. 10Urban worker households prior to May 1993.
. . . = Not available.
former West Germany.
478
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 11-6. Real GDP Per Capita, 15 Countries, 1960–2004 (2002 U.S. dollars.) Year
United States
Canada
Australia
Japan
Korea
Austria
Belgium
Denmark
France
Germany 1
Italy
Netherlands
Norway
Sweden
United Kingdom
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
.................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ....................................
14 407 14 503 15 147 15 583 16 263
11 448 11 573 12 136 12 520 13 090
11 474 11 501 11 403 11 889 12 497
5 329 5 961 6 413 6 906 7 597
1 684 1 730 1 718 1 823 1 948
9 290 9 730 9 902 10 240 10 787
9 570 10 012 10 492 10 867 11 514
11 259 11 841 12 400 12 358 13 360
9 427 9 843 10 313 10 670 11 249
11 361 11 730 12 134 12 355 13 046
8 187 8 800 9 283 9 732 9 922
11 195 11 367 11 691 11 912 12 765
10 473 11 023 11 229 11 566 12 054
11 345 11 926 12 366 12 951 13 732
11 716 11 904 11 935 12 468 13 072
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
.................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ....................................
17 091 17 997 18 250 18 940 19 333
13 686 14 314 14 479 15 020 15 595
12 997 13 046 13 651 14 095 14 789
7 864 8 685 9 536 10 552 11 675
2 008 2 196 2 272 2 472 2 751
11 023 11 564 11 823 12 287 13 014
11 816 12 108 12 507 12 981 13 804
13 892 14 101 14 547 15 061 15 964
11 688 12 196 12 668 13 111 13 915
13 593 13 847 13 772 14 471 15 404
10 161 10 685 11 370 12 038 12 700
13 258 13 452 14 005 14 792 15 617
12 593 12 966 13 663 13 854 14 361
14 123 14 282 14 650 15 098 15 743
13 288 13 475 13 730 14 243 14 480
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
.................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ....................................
19 144 19 539 20 355 21 323 21 021
15 782 16 123 16 789 17 778 18 258
15 533 15 624 15 748 15 952 16 387
12 613 12 989 13 886 14 794 14 419
2 928 3 107 3 186 3 506 3 694
13 892 14 537 15 350 16 012 16 615
14 675 15 179 15 921 16 810 17 446
16 194 16 579 17 227 17 854 17 689
14 581 15 135 15 669 16 389 16 788
16 024 16 343 16 931 17 651 17 663
13 304 13 498 13 845 14 652 15 324
16 314 16 831 17 176 17 898 18 479
14 542 15 181 15 826 16 405 16 985
16 606 16 648 16 979 17 621 18 132
14 762 14 984 15 478 16 544 16 316
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
.................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ....................................
20 778 21 673 22 447 23 448 23 922
18 392 19 148 19 580 20 177 20 818
16 317 16 590 16 980 16 951 17 476
14 683 15 111 15 626 16 303 17 055
3 849 4 188 4 536 4 882 5 135
16 598 17 389 18 218 18 208 19 237
17 139 18 065 18 130 18 611 18 995
17 342 18 354 18 693 18 995 19 628
16 665 17 304 17 781 18 297 18 862
17 505 18 526 19 094 19 690 20 511
14 921 15 816 16 120 16 649 17 519
18 349 19 065 19 394 19 757 19 984
17 877 18 835 19 547 20 126 20 940
18 522 18 650 18 287 18 553 19 224
16 231 16 670 17 085 17 652 18 109
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
.................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ....................................
23 594 23 948 23 261 24 093 25 599
20 836 21 212 20 362 20 709 21 707
17 832 18 161 18 421 17 711 18 320
17 400 17 782 18 147 18 314 18 765
4 980 5 206 5 501 6 005 6 412
19 580 19 501 19 867 20 509 20 506
19 794 19 533 19 805 19 808 20 299
19 602 19 429 20 067 20 543 21 418
19 112 19 305 19 757 20 045 20 283
20 643 20 624 20 445 20 877 21 552
18 091 18 211 18 312 18 532 19 039
20 157 19 914 19 569 19 835 20 376
21 907 22 042 21 999 22 703 23 969
19 506 19 449 19 666 20 027 20 869
17 707 17 444 17 798 18 420 18 863
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
.................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ....................................
26 420 27 089 27 755 28 640 29 375
22 538 22 856 23 514 24 365 24 557
19 046 19 589 19 754 20 487 20 964
19 597 20 076 20 739 22 051 23 131
6 781 7 427 8 170 8 952 9 461
21 020 21 470 21 787 22 510 23 200
20 493 20 790 21 266 22 153 22 911
22 280 23 306 23 309 23 215 23 390
20 574 20 946 21 275 22 065 22 774
22 044 22 545 22 874 23 582 24 195
19 599 20 093 20 691 21 498 22 098
20 823 21 358 21 609 22 108 23 032
25 144 25 951 26 354 26 184 26 316
21 288 21 822 22 476 22 952 23 412
19 485 20 208 21 084 22 087 22 503
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
.................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ....................................
29 593 29 152 29 724 30 125 30 958
24 235 23 446 23 371 23 655 24 520
21 406 21 088 20 881 21 407 22 016
24 254 24 968 25 116 25 104 25 315
10 226 11 077 11 606 12 194 13 102
24 084 24 703 25 010 24 887 25 451
23 519 23 892 24 175 23 849 24 542
23 824 24 096 24 469 24 477 25 866
23 261 23 425 23 762 23 429 23 832
25 094 23 606 23 949 23 586 24 140
22 516 22 813 22 971 22 754 23 251
23 806 24 183 24 359 24 344 24 893
26 743 27 445 28 244 28 798 30 133
23 486 23 068 22 533 21 991 22 745
22 610 22 223 22 218 22 693 23 646
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ....................................
31 360 32 144 33 190 34 176 35 291
24 948 25 088 25 889 26 726 27 976
22 684 23 356 23 947 24 746 25 778
25 742 26 565 26 998 26 633 26 616
14 160 15 008 15 559 14 388 15 642
25 897 26 540 26 998 27 928 28 800
25 075 25 321 26 135 26 608 27 394
26 610 27 114 27 790 28 343 28 965
24 308 24 489 24 991 25 789 26 532
24 525 24 697 25 095 25 612 26 108
23 930 24 185 24 661 25 096 25 509
25 517 26 181 27 045 28 049 28 974
31 353 32 880 34 363 34 993 35 513
23 543 23 809 24 376 25 250 26 386
24 266 24 900 25 661 26 392 27 065
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ....................................
36 181 36 078 36 386 37 125 38 392
29 166 29 369 29 937 30 263 30 872
26 436 26 639 27 327 27 876 28 588
27 323 27 365 27 196 27 823 28 337
16 828 17 346 18 453 18 931 19 715
29 695 29 791 29 986 30 087 30 620
28 388 28 494 28 623 28 864 29 637
29 619 29 819 29 825 29 905 30 473
27 453 27 843 28 009 28 062 28 538
26 913 27 183 27 179 27 167 27 600
26 269 26 717 26 737 26 596 26 658
29 766 29 963 29 939 29 535 29 786
36 130 36 467 36 615 36 537 37 379
27 483 27 696 28 152 28 459 29 333
28 032 28 479 28 894 29 438 30 273
1Unified
Germany for 1991 onward. Prior to 1991, data relate to the former West Germany.
FOREIGN LABOR AND PRICE STATISTICS
479
Table 11-7. Real GDP per Employed Person, 15 Countries, 1960–2004 (2002 U.S. dollars.) Year
United States
Canada
Australia
Japan
Korea
Austria
Belgium
Denmark
France
Germany 1
Italy
Netherlands
Norway
Sweden
United Kingdom
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
.................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ....................................
38 133 39 005 40 649 41 844 43 325
32 583 33 089 34 409 35 346 36 388
... ... ... ... ...
10 671 11 779 12 646 13 641 14 945
... ... ... 6 571 7 080
17 607 18 441 18 972 19 882 21 118
24 884 25 929 26 865 27 838 29 356
23 948 24 992 25 971 25 774 27 511
22 162 23 385 24 951 26 076 27 472
24 163 24 935 26 007 26 675 28 428
19 640 21 118 22 494 24 156 24 918
27 909 28 306 28 943 29 496 31 480
24 779 25 882 26 430 27 309 28 586
23 359 24 487 25 392 26 612 28 025
25 441 25 791 25 968 27 238 28 375
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
.................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ....................................
45 003 46 544 46 611 47 853 48 146
37 372 38 240 38 293 39 628 40 497
... ... ... ... ...
15 551 16 783 18 266 20 060 22 242
7 105 7 766 7 939 8 413 9 347
21 868 23 296 24 394 25 824 27 496
30 284 31 131 32 479 33 882 35 525
28 314 28 494 29 642 30 658 32 084
28 697 29 970 31 294 32 724 34 486
29 781 30 706 31 642 33 339 35 278
26 376 28 419 30 084 32 070 34 271
32 869 33 529 35 415 37 440 39 331
29 848 30 841 32 546 33 239 34 436
28 897 29 459 30 779 31 565 32 533
28 747 29 246 30 320 31 750 32 421
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
.................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ....................................
47 959 49 379 50 507 51 712 50 508
41 132 42 446 43 465 44 404 44 421
... ... ... ... ...
24 251 25 138 27 112 28 643 28 411
9 815 10 272 10 283 10 928 11 222
29 395 30 562 32 222 33 331 34 200
37 754 38 867 41 007 43 049 44 149
32 383 33 449 34 318 35 368 35 503
35 974 37 526 38 958 40 517 41 417
36 591 37 558 38 999 40 416 40 992
35 924 36 607 37 860 39 776 41 234
41 106 42 682 44 392 46 612 48 035
34 566 36 024 37 408 38 752 39 831
33 974 34 362 35 034 36 288 36 720
33 247 33 941 35 059 36 991 36 409
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
.................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ....................................
50 980 52 001 52 521 53 178 53 364
44 639 46 167 46 930 47 408 47 376
... ... ... ... 41 200
29 362 30 281 31 236 32 565 34 001
11 615 12 097 12 890 13 458 14 170
34 330 35 781 37 049 36 811 38 659
44 131 46 840 47 253 48 506 49 092
35 369 36 924 37 808 38 264 39 278
41 664 43 093 44 113 45 367 46 732
41 596 44 044 45 232 46 212 47 367
40 358 42 562 43 433 44 870 46 831
48 481 50 497 50 606 51 380 51 365
41 459 42 459 43 044 43 709 44 995
36 929 37 191 36 524 37 025 37 895
36 358 37 553 38 442 39 511 40 172
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
.................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ....................................
52 984 53 718 53 111 54 795 56 438
46 671 46 732 46 826 47 706 49 253
41 578 41 810 42 591 42 311 43 930
34 722 35 470 36 155 36 190 37 192
13 877 14 375 15 046 16 522 17 955
38 988 39 082 40 393 41 909 41 933
51 278 51 582 53 008 53 557 54 993
39 573 39 854 41 040 41 955 43 082
47 474 48 408 49 770 50 919 51 889
47 104 47 202 47 321 48 849 50 144
47 770 48 181 48 386 48 828 50 178
50 653 50 125 49 746 51 629 52 535
46 077 45 917 45 993 47 746 50 181
38 104 37 979 38 497 39 131 40 476
39 507 39 968 41 550 43 339 43 522
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
.................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ....................................
57 608 58 296 58 764 59 890 60 787
50 198 49 921 50 559 51 536 51 759
44 928 44 940 44 750 45 776 45 801
38 872 39 818 41 166 43 446 45 081
18 483 19 740 20 794 22 304 22 872
42 880 43 698 44 392 45 527 46 606
55 228 55 679 56 703 58 524 59 695
43 831 44 862 44 796 44 943 45 601
53 301 54 327 55 059 56 935 58 138
50 783 51 264 51 648 53 157 54 293
51 186 52 120 53 554 55 078 56 274
52 449 53 246 53 337 54 550 56 248
51 398 51 561 51 550 51 716 53 708
40 936 41 802 42 858 43 371 43 895
44 512 45 991 47 156 47 929 47 741
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
.................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ....................................
61 206 61 676 63 398 64 230 65 366
51 497 51 241 52 169 53 134 54 559
45 805 46 010 46 990 48 753 49 726
46 647 47 249 47 176 47 115 47 582
24 241 25 716 26 711 28 018 29 469
47 883 48 971 49 860 50 261 51 581
60 575 61 697 62 968 62 834 65 108
46 856 47 796 49 146 50 095 53 318
59 224 59 877 61 398 61 584 62 774
55 733 48 889 50 715 50 983 52 392
56 484 56 218 56 924 57 865 60 031
55 992 56 398 55 796 55 990 56 935
55 219 57 462 59 607 60 835 63 153
43 970 44 146 45 395 47 021 49 425
47 889 48 514 49 801 51 453 52 685
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ....................................
66 079 67 593 69 120 70 987 73 050
55 151 55 550 56 647 57 546 59 175
49 868 50 693 52 116 53 716 55 479
48 437 49 893 50 306 50 080 50 553
31 279 32 763 33 704 33 403 35 935
52 690 53 883 54 399 55 613 56 420
66 212 66 782 68 472 68 626 69 845
54 197 55 223 56 128 56 423 56 640
63 687 64 143 65 397 66 715 67 596
53 262 53 939 54 964 55 417 55 777
61 855 62 142 63 160 63 625 63 974
58 194 58 894 58 567 59 868 59 993
64 672 66 805 68 202 68 138 69 065
50 650 51 742 53 702 54 811 56 138
54 219 55 233 56 055 57 203 58 052
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ....................................
73 875 74 403 76 021 77 619 80 187
60 753 61 066 61 484 61 286 61 954
56 422 56 407 57 888 58 313 59 475
52 065 52 601 53 074 54 552 55 474
37 391 38 077 39 634 40 917 42 023
57 712 57 785 58 528 58 916 59 539
71 186 70 661 71 506 72 372 73 927
57 801 58 175 58 495 59 250 60 472
68 529 68 747 69 090 69 700 71 341
56 508 56 930 57 341 57 895 58 595
64 681 64 557 63 652 63 090 63 310
59 621 58 829 59 711 59 363 60 023
70 431 71 256 71 859 72 570 74 539
57 180 56 706 57 737 58 684 61 044
59 604 60 476 61 077 61 833 63 205
1Unified Germany for 1991 onward. Prior to 1991, data relate to the former West Germany. . . . = Not available.
480
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 11-8. Employment–Population Ratios, 15 Countries, 1960–2004 (Percent.) Year
United States
Canada
Australia
Japan
Korea
Austria
Belgium
Denmark
France
Germany 1
Italy
Netherlands
Norway
Sweden
United Kingdom
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
.................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ....................................
37.8 37.2 37.3 37.2 37.5
35.1 35.0 35.3 35.4 36.0
... ... ... ... ...
49.9 50.6 50.7 50.6 50.8
... ... ... 27.7 27.5
52.8 52.8 52.2 51.5 51.1
38.5 38.6 39.1 39.0 39.2
47.0 47.4 47.7 47.9 48.6
42.5 42.1 41.3 40.9 40.9
47.0 47.0 46.7 46.3 45.9
41.7 41.7 41.3 40.3 39.8
40.1 40.2 40.4 40.4 40.5
42.3 42.6 42.5 42.4 42.2
48.6 48.7 48.7 48.7 49.0
46.1 46.2 46.0 45.8 46.1
1965 1966 1967 1968 1969
.................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ....................................
38.0 38.7 39.2 39.6 40.2
36.6 37.4 37.8 37.9 38.5
... ... ... ... ...
50.6 51.7 52.2 52.6 52.5
28.3 28.3 28.6 29.4 29.4
50.4 49.6 48.5 47.6 47.3
39.0 38.9 38.5 38.3 38.9
49.1 49.5 49.1 49.1 49.8
40.7 40.7 40.5 40.1 40.3
45.6 45.1 43.5 43.4 43.7
38.5 37.6 37.8 37.5 37.1
40.3 40.1 39.5 39.5 39.7
42.2 42.0 42.0 41.7 41.7
48.9 48.5 47.6 47.8 48.4
46.2 46.1 45.3 44.9 44.7
1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
.................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ....................................
39.9 39.6 40.3 41.2 41.6
38.4 38.0 38.6 40.0 41.1
... ... ... ... ...
52.0 51.7 51.2 51.6 50.7
29.8 30.2 31.0 32.1 32.9
47.3 47.6 47.6 48.0 48.6
38.9 39.1 38.8 39.0 39.5
50.0 49.6 50.2 50.5 49.8
40.5 40.3 40.2 40.4 40.5
43.8 43.5 43.4 43.7 43.1
37.0 36.9 36.6 36.8 37.2
39.7 39.4 38.7 38.4 38.5
42.1 42.1 42.3 42.3 42.6
48.9 48.4 48.5 48.6 49.4
44.4 44.1 44.1 44.7 44.8
1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
.................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ....................................
40.8 41.7 42.7 44.1 44.8
41.2 41.5 41.7 42.6 43.9
... ... ... ... 42.4
50.0 49.9 50.0 50.1 50.2
33.1 34.6 35.2 36.3 36.2
48.3 48.6 49.2 49.5 49.8
38.8 38.6 38.4 38.4 38.7
49.0 49.7 49.4 49.6 50.0
40.0 40.2 40.3 40.3 40.4
42.1 42.1 42.2 42.6 43.3
37.0 37.2 37.1 37.1 37.4
37.8 37.8 38.3 38.5 38.9
43.1 44.4 45.4 46.0 46.5
50.2 50.1 50.1 50.1 50.7
44.6 44.4 44.4 44.7 45.1
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984
.................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ....................................
44.5 44.6 43.8 44.0 45.4
44.6 45.4 43.5 43.4 44.1
42.9 43.4 43.3 41.9 41.7
50.1 50.1 50.2 50.6 50.5
35.9 36.2 36.6 36.3 35.7
50.2 49.9 49.2 48.9 48.9
38.6 37.9 37.4 37.0 36.9
49.5 48.8 48.9 49.0 49.7
40.3 39.9 39.7 39.4 39.1
43.8 43.7 43.2 42.7 43.0
37.9 37.8 37.8 38.0 37.9
39.8 39.7 39.3 38.4 38.8
47.5 48.0 47.8 47.6 47.8
51.2 51.2 51.1 51.2 51.6
44.8 43.6 42.8 42.5 43.3
1985 1986 1987 1988 1989
.................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ....................................
45.9 46.5 47.2 47.8 48.3
44.9 45.8 46.5 47.3 47.4
42.4 43.6 44.1 44.8 45.8
50.4 50.4 50.4 50.8 51.3
36.7 37.6 39.3 40.1 41.4
49.0 49.1 49.1 49.4 49.8
37.1 37.3 37.5 37.9 38.4
50.8 52.0 52.0 51.7 51.3
38.6 38.6 38.6 38.8 39.2
43.4 44.0 44.3 44.4 44.6
38.3 38.6 38.6 39.0 39.3
39.7 40.1 40.5 40.5 40.9
48.9 50.3 51.1 50.6 49.0
52.0 52.2 52.4 52.9 53.3
43.8 43.9 44.7 46.1 47.1
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994
.................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ....................................
48.3 47.3 46.9 46.9 47.4
47.1 45.8 44.8 44.5 44.9
46.7 45.8 44.4 43.9 44.3
52.0 52.8 53.2 53.3 53.2
42.2 43.1 43.5 43.5 44.5
50.3 50.4 50.2 49.5 49.3
38.8 38.7 38.4 38.0 37.7
50.8 50.4 49.8 48.9 48.5
39.3 39.1 38.7 38.0 38.0
45.0 48.3 47.2 46.3 46.1
39.9 40.6 40.4 39.3 38.7
42.5 42.9 43.7 43.5 43.7
48.4 47.8 47.4 47.3 47.7
53.4 52.3 49.6 46.8 46.0
47.2 45.8 44.6 44.1 44.9
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
.................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ....................................
47.5 47.6 48.0 48.1 48.3
45.2 45.2 45.7 46.4 47.3
45.5 46.1 46.0 46.1 46.5
53.1 53.2 53.7 53.2 52.6
45.3 45.8 46.2 43.1 43.5
49.2 49.3 49.6 50.2 51.0
37.9 37.9 38.2 38.8 39.2
49.1 49.1 49.5 50.2 51.1
38.2 38.2 38.2 38.7 39.3
46.0 45.8 45.7 46.2 46.8
38.7 38.9 39.0 39.4 39.9
43.8 44.5 46.2 46.9 48.3
48.5 49.2 50.4 51.4 51.4
46.5 46.0 45.4 46.1 47.0
44.8 45.1 45.8 46.1 46.6
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
.................................... .................................... .................................... .................................... ....................................
49.0 48.5 47.9 47.8 47.9
48.0 48.1 48.7 49.4 49.8
46.9 47.2 47.2 47.8 48.1
52.5 52.0 51.2 51.0 51.1
45.0 45.6 46.6 46.3 46.9
51.5 51.6 51.2 51.1 51.4
39.9 40.3 40.0 39.9 40.1
51.2 51.3 51.0 50.5 50.4
40.1 40.5 40.5 40.3 40.0
47.6 47.7 47.4 46.9 47.1
40.6 41.4 42.0 42.2 42.1
49.9 50.9 50.1 49.8 49.6
51.3 51.2 51.0 50.3 50.1
48.1 48.8 48.8 48.5 48.1
47.0 47.1 47.3 47.6 47.9
1Unified Germany for 1991 onward. Prior to 1991, data relate to the former West Germany. . . . = Not available.
FOREIGN LABOR AND PRICE STATISTICS
481
Table 11-9. Real GDP per Capita and per Employed Person, 15 Countries, 1980–2004 (Average annual percent changes.) Country
1980–2004
1980–1990
1990–1995
1995–2000
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Real Gross Domestic Product per Capita United States .................................................................................... Canada ............................................................................................. Australia ............................................................................................ Japan ................................................................................................ Korea ................................................................................................
2.0 1.7 2.0 2.1 5.9
2.3 1.5 1.8 3.4 7.5
1.2 0.6 1.2 1.2 6.7
2.9 3.2 3.1 1.2 3.5
2.5 4.3 2.6 2.7 7.6
-0.3 0.7 0.8 0.2 3.1
0.9 1.9 2.6 -0.6 6.4
2.0 1.1 2.0 2.3 2.6
3.4 2.0 2.6 1.8 4.1
Austria .............................................................................................. Belgium ............................................................................................. Denmark ........................................................................................... France .............................................................................................. Germany 1 ........................................................................................
1.9 1.7 1.9 1.7 1.6
2.1 1.7 2.0 2.0 2.0
1.5 1.3 2.2 0.9 1.5
2.8 2.5 2.2 2.5 1.9
3.1 3.6 2.3 3.5 3.1
0.3 0.4 0.7 1.4 1.0
0.7 0.5 0.0 0.6 0.0
0.3 0.8 0.3 0.2 0.0
1.8 2.7 1.9 1.7 1.6
Italy ................................................................................................... Netherlands ...................................................................................... Norway ............................................................................................. Sweden ............................................................................................. United Kingdom ................................................................................
1.6 1.6 2.3 1.7 2.3
2.2 1.7 2.0 1.9 2.5
1.2 1.4 3.2 0.0 1.4
1.9 3.1 2.9 3.1 2.9
3.0 2.7 1.7 4.2 3.6
1.7 0.7 0.9 0.8 1.6
0.1 -0.1 0.4 1.6 1.5
-0.5 -1.3 -0.2 1.1 1.9
0.2 0.8 2.3 3.1 2.8
Real Gross Domestic Product per Employed Person United States .................................................................................... Canada ............................................................................................. Australia ............................................................................................ Japan ................................................................................................ Korea ................................................................................................
1.7 1.2 1.5 2.0 4.7
1.5 1.0 1.0 3.0 5.7
1.5 1.4 1.7 0.8 5.2
2.3 2.0 2.5 1.5 3.6
1.1 2.7 1.7 3.0 4.1
0.7 0.5 0.0 1.0 1.8
2.2 0.7 2.6 0.9 4.1
2.1 -0.3 0.7 2.8 3.2
3.3 1.1 2.0 1.7 2.7
Austria .............................................................................................. Belgium ............................................................................................. Denmark ........................................................................................... France .............................................................................................. Germany 1 ........................................................................................
1.8 1.5 1.8 1.7 1.6
2.1 1.7 1.7 2.2 1.7
1.9 1.8 3.0 1.5 2.2
1.8 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.2
2.3 1.9 2.1 1.4 1.3
0.1 -0.7 0.6 0.3 0.7
1.3 1.2 0.5 0.5 0.7
0.7 1.2 1.3 0.9 1.0
1.1 2.1 2.1 2.4 1.2
Italy ................................................................................................... Netherlands ...................................................................................... Norway ............................................................................................. Sweden ............................................................................................. United Kingdom ................................................................................
1.2 0.7 2.0 2.0 2.0
1.7 1.0 1.8 1.4 1.9
1.8 0.8 3.2 2.9 2.5
0.9 0.5 1.7 2.5 1.9
1.1 -0.6 2.0 1.9 2.7
-0.2 -1.3 1.2 -0.8 1.5
-1.4 1.5 0.8 1.8 1.0
-0.9 -0.6 1.0 1.6 1.2
0.3 1.1 2.7 4.0 2.2
1Unified
Germany for 1995–2000 onward. Prior to that, the data relate to the former West Germany.
PART TWELVE AMERICAN TIME USE SURVEY (ATUS)
AMERICAN TIME USE SURVEY (ATUS) HIGHLIGHTS This part presents the first data from the new American Time Use Survey (ATUS). The survey was introduced in the sixth edition of this Handbook. Its purpose is to collect data on the activities people do during the day and the amount of time spent on each one.
Average Hours Spent per Day in Primary Activities for Persons Reporting the Activity on the Diary Day, 2004 10.0
8.0
Hours
6.0
4.0
2.0
0.0 Working and workrelated activities
Leisure and sports
Household activities
Activity Total
Men
Caring for and helping household children
Women
Among those reporting having worked on the diary day, men worked 8.4 hours while women worked 7.5 hours. One reason why women averaged fewer hours is that they are more likely than men to hold part-time jobs. Meanwhile, women spent 2.17 hours per day caring for and helping household children, compared to 1.54 hours for men. (Table 12-1) OTHER HIGHLIGHTS: • On an average day in 2004, 84 percent of women and 63 percent of men spent some time doing household activities. Women spent 2.7 hours on such activities, while men spent 2.1 hours. (Table 12-1) • Approximately 76 percent of persons employed in management, business and financial operations occupations reported working on an average day, a higher percentage than in any other occupation. (Table 12-4) • Women living with children under 6 years of age provided them with 1.2 hours of physical care per day. Men provided 0.4 hours, or 24 minutes. (Table 12-7) • Persons 65 years and over spent the most time on an average day (7.3 hours) participating in leisure activities, while 35–44 year olds spent the least time per day (4.2 hours). (Table 12-2)
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NOTES AND DEFINITIONS Survey Methodology While the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) has long produced statistics about the labor market, such as employment, hours, and earnings, the American Time Use Survey (ATUS) marks the first time that a federal statistical agency has produced estimates on how Americans spend another critical resource—their time. Data collection for the ATUS began in January 2003. Sample cases for the survey are selected monthly, and interviews are conducted continuously throughout the year. In 2004, approximately 14,000 individuals were interviewed. ATUS sample households are chosen from the households that have completed their eighth (final) interview for the Current Population Survey (CPS), the nation’s monthly household labor force survey. (See Part 1 of this Handbook for a description of the CPS.) ATUS sample households are selected to ensure that estimates will be representative of the nation. One individual age 15 or older is randomly chosen from each sample household. This “designated person” takes part in a one-time telephone interview about his or her activities on the previous day—the “diary day.” Concepts and Definitions Average hours per day. The average number of hours spent in a 24-hour day (between 4 a.m. on the diary day and 4 a.m. on the interview day) doing a specified activity. Average hours per day, population. The average number of hours per day is computed using all responses from a given population, including respondents who did not do a particular activity on their diary day. These estimates reflect how many population members engaged in an activity and the amount of time they spent engaged in it.
those who were not working but had jobs or businesses from which they were temporarily absent due to illness, bad weather, vacation, childcare problems, labor-management dispute, maternity or paternity leave, job training, or other family or personal reasons, whether or not they were paid for the time off or were seeking other jobs. Employed full time. Full-time workers are those who usually work 35 hours or more per week at all jobs combined. Employed part time. Part-time workers are those who usually work fewer than 35 hours per week at all jobs combined. Not employed. Persons are not employed if they do not meet the conditions for employment. Not employed workers include those classified as unemployed as well as those classified as not in the labor force (using CPS definitions). The numbers of employed and not employed persons in this report do not correspond to published totals from the CPS. While the information on employment from the ATUS is useful for assessing work in the context of other daily activities, the employment data are not intended for analysis of current employment trends. Compared to the CPS and other estimates of employment, the ATUS estimates are based on a much smaller sample and are only available with a substantial lag. Household children. Household children are children under 18 years old residing in the household of the ATUS respondent. The children may be related to the respondent (such as their own children, grandchildren, nieces, nephews, brothers, or sisters) or not related (such as foster children or children of roommates). For secondary childcare calculations, respondents are asked about care for household children under 13 years old.
Average hours per day, persons reporting the activity on the diary day. The average number of hours per day is computed using responses only from those who engaged in a particular activity on their diary day.
Primary activity. A primary activity is the main activity of a respondent at a specified time.
Diary day. The diary day is the day about which the designated person reports. For example, the diary day of a designated person interviewed on Tuesday is Monday. Employment status:
Personal care activities. Personal care activities include sleeping, bathing, dressing, health-related self-care, and personal or private activities. Receiving unpaid personal care from others (for example, “my sister put polish on my nails”) is also captured in this category.
Employed. All persons who, at any time during the seven days prior to the interview: 1) did any work at all as paid employees, worked in their own business profession, or on their own farm; usually worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers in a family-operated enterprise; and 2) all
Eating and drinking. All time spent eating or drinking (except when identified by the respondent as part of a work or volunteer activity), whether alone, with others, at home, at a place of purchase, in transit, or somewhere else, is classified here.
Major Activity Category Definitions
AMERICAN TIME USE SURVEY (ATUS)
Household activities. Household activities are those done by respondents to maintain their households. These include housework; cooking; yard care; pet care; vehicle maintenance and repair; and home maintenance, repair, decoration, and renovation. Food preparation is always classified as a household activity. Household management and organizational activities—such as filling out paperwork, balancing a checkbook, or planning a party—are also included in this category. Purchasing goods and services. This category includes the purchase of consumer goods as well as the purchase or use of professional and personal care services, household services, and government services. Most purchases and rentals of consumer goods, regardless of mode or place of purchase or rental (in person, via telephone, over the Internet, at home, or in a store) are classified in this category. Time spent obtaining, receiving, and purchasing professional and personal care services provided by someone else also is classified in this category. Time spent arranging for and purchasing household services provided by someone else also is classified here. Caring for and helping household members. Time spent doing activities to care for or help any child or adult in the respondent’s household, regardless of the relationship to the respondent or the physical or mental health status of the person being helped, are classified here. Household members are considered children if they are under 18 years old. Caring for and helping household members also includes a range of activities done to benefit adult members of households, such as providing physical and medical care or obtaining medical services. Caring for and helping non-household members. Time spent caring for and helping any child or adult who is not part of the respondent’s household, regardless of the relationship to the respondent or the physical or mental health status of the person being helped, is classified here. Working and work-related activities. This category includes time spent working, doing activities as part of one’s job, engaging in income-generating activities (not as part of one’s job), and job search activities. “Working” includes
487
hours spent doing the specific tasks required of one’s main or other job, regardless of location or time of day. Travel time related to working and work-related activities includes time spent commuting to and from one’s job, as well as time spent traveling for work-related, income generating, and job search activities. Educational activities. Educational activities include taking classes (including Internet and other distance-learning courses); doing research and homework; and taking care of administrative tasks, such as registering for classes or obtaining a school ID. For high school students, before and after-school extracurricular activities (except sports) also are classified as educational activities. Organizational, civic, and religious activities. This category captures time spent volunteering for or through an organization, performing civic obligations, and participating in religious and spiritual activities. Leisure and sports. The leisure and sports category includes sports, exercise, and recreation; socializing and communicating; and other leisure activities such as watching television, reading, or attending entertainment events. Telephone calls, mail, and email. This category captures telephone communication and handling household or personal mail and email. Telephone and Internet purchases are classified in purchasing goods and services. Other activities, not elsewhere classified. This residual category includes security procedures related to traveling, traveling not associated with a specific activity category, ambiguous activities that could not be coded, or missing activities that were considered too private to report. Sources of Additional Information Additional information, including expanded definitions and estimation methodology, is available from BLS news release USDL 05-1766; the Monthly Labor Review, June 2005; and the ATUS User’s Guide, August 2005, on the BLS Web site.
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Table 12-1. Average Hours per Day Spent in Primary Activities 1 for the Total Population and for Persons Reporting the Activity on the Diary Day by Activity Category and Sex, 2004 Annual Averages (Number, percent.) Hours per day, total population
Percent of population reporting the activity on the diary day
Activity Total
Men
Women
Total
Men
Women
Hours per day, persons reporting the activity on the diary day Total
Men
Women
Total, All Activities 2 ....................................................... Personal care activities ................................................ Sleeping ................................................................... Eating and drinking ....................................................... Household activities ..................................................... Housework ............................................................... Food preparation and cleanup ................................. Lawn and garden care .............................................. Household management .......................................... Purchasing goods and services ................................... Consumer goods purchases .................................... Professional and personal care services .................. Caring for and helping household members ................ Caring for and helping household children ............... Caring for and helping non-household members ......... Caring for and helping non-household adults ...........
24.00 9.34 8.56 1.24 1.80 0.59 0.51 0.19 0.14 0.81 0.41 0.09 0.56 0.43 0.27 0.10
24.00 9.16 8.51 1.31 1.32 0.22 0.25 0.25 0.11 0.65 0.30 0.07 0.35 0.25 0.24 0.11
24.00 9.51 8.61 1.18 2.25 0.93 0.75 0.14 0.17 0.96 0.50 0.11 0.76 0.59 0.30 0.10
X 100.0 99.9 97.0 74.0 37.4 51.2 9.9 16.6 45.7 41.2 9.4 26.6 22.0 15.3 10.0
X 100.0 99.9 97.0 63.2 19.2 35.0 11.4 13.6 40.6 37.1 7.0 21.0 16.2 13.1 9.3
X 100.0 100.0 97.0 84.1 54.3 66.3 8.6 19.5 50.5 45.1 11.6 31.9 27.4 17.3 10.7
X 9.34 8.56 1.28 2.44 1.58 1.00 1.96 0.84 1.78 0.98 0.96 2.10 1.94 1.79 1.05
X 9.16 8.51 1.35 2.10 1.16 0.73 2.22 0.82 1.61 0.82 0.99 1.67 1.54 1.86 1.19
X 9.52 8.61 1.22 2.68 1.72 1.14 1.64 0.85 1.90 1.11 0.95 2.37 2.17 1.73 0.93
Working and work-related activities .............................. Working .................................................................... Educational activities .................................................... Attending class ......................................................... Homework and research .......................................... Organizational, civic, and religious activities ................ Religious and spiritual activities ............................... Volunteering (organizational and civic activities) ...... Leisure and sports ........................................................ Socializing and communicating ................................ Watching television .................................................. Participating in sports, exercise, and recreation ....... Telephone calls, mail, and email .................................. Other activities, not elsewhere classified .....................
3.65 3.31 0.50 0.31 0.14 0.32 0.12 0.15 5.18 0.75 2.64 0.30 0.18 0.14
4.37 3.96 0.49 0.33 0.12 0.28 0.12 0.13 5.56 0.71 2.85 0.40 0.11 0.13
2.98 2.71 0.50 0.29 0.16 0.35 0.13 0.17 4.82 0.78 2.44 0.20 0.25 0.15
45.7 43.6 9.1 6.6 5.6 13.6 7.6 7.1 96.3 40.1 80.5 17.7 24.9 10.8
52.1 49.5 8.5 6.3 4.7 11.7 6.8 5.9 96.6 37.0 82.5 20.2 18.6 9.4
39.7 38.1 9.7 6.8 6.3 15.3 8.4 8.2 96.1 43.0 78.6 15.3 30.7 12.2
7.99 7.60 5.46 4.71 2.56 2.33 1.63 2.09 5.37 1.87 3.28 1.67 0.74 1.30
8.38 7.99 5.84 5.20 2.53 2.40 1.73 2.12 5.76 1.92 3.46 1.98 0.62 1.41
7.50 7.13 5.15 4.29 2.58 2.27 1.55 2.07 5.01 1.83 3.10 1.28 0.81 1.22
Note: Data refer to respondents 15 years and over. 1Primary activities are those respondents identify as their 2All major activity categories include related travel time.
X = Not applicable.
main activity. Other activities done simultaneously are not included.
AMERICAN TIME USE SURVEY (ATUS)
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Table 12-2. Average Hours per Day Spent in Primary Activities 1 for the Total Population by Age, Sex, Race, Hispanic or Latino Ethnicity and Educational Attainment, 2004 Annual Averages (Number.) Hours per day spent in primary activities 2
Characteristic
Caring for Caring for Working Organizaand and and tional, Personal Purchasing Eduhelping Eating and Household helping workcare goods and cational civic, and nondrinking activities related activities religious activities services household household members activities activities members
Total, 15 Years and Over ......................................... 15 to 24 years ............................................................ 25 to 34 years ............................................................ 35 to 44 years ............................................................ 45 to 54 years ............................................................ 55 to 64 years ............................................................ 65 years and over ......................................................
9.34 10.00 9.25 9.03 9.01 9.09 9.65
1.24 1.03 1.18 1.17 1.25 1.37 1.53
1.80 0.83 1.53 1.90 2.05 2.16 2.55
0.81 0.60 0.85 0.82 0.87 0.89 0.89
0.56 0.30 1.15 1.05 0.40 0.18 0.11
0.27 0.24 0.25 0.22 0.30 0.39 0.28
3.65 2.43 4.71 4.98 4.87 3.75 0.70
0.50 2.19 0.28 0.15 0.10
Men, 15 Years and Over .......................................... 15 to 24 years ............................................................ 25 to 34 years ............................................................ 35 to 44 years ............................................................ 45 to 54 years ............................................................ 55 to 64 years ............................................................ 65 years and over ......................................................
9.16 9.78 9.09 8.93 8.77 8.94 9.43
1.31 1.02 1.27 1.23 1.39 1.43 1.67
1.32 0.60 1.02 1.32 1.59 1.66 2.06
0.65 0.48 0.68 0.63 0.63 0.68 0.90
0.35 0.11 0.52 0.74 0.33 0.14 0.12
0.24 0.22 0.25 0.25 0.21 0.28 0.27
4.37 2.71 5.74 5.89 5.59 4.44 0.96
0.49 2.16 0.26
Women, 15 Years and Over .................................... 15 to 24 years ............................................................ 25 to 34 years ............................................................ 35 to 44 years ............................................................ 45 to 54 years ............................................................ 55 to 64 years ............................................................ 65 years and over ......................................................
9.51 10.22 9.41 9.14 9.24 9.23 9.82
1.18 1.05 1.09 1.11 1.13 1.31 1.43
2.25 1.07 2.05 2.46 2.47 2.61 2.91
0.96 0.72 1.01 1.00 1.08 1.08 0.89
0.76 0.49 1.76 1.35 0.46 0.23 0.10
0.30 0.26 0.24 0.18 0.38 0.50 0.28
2.98 2.14 3.69 4.08 4.20 3.12 0.51
0.50 2.22 0.30 0.21 0.10
White, 15 Years and Over ........................................ Men ............................................................................ Women ......................................................................
9.27 9.09 9.44
1.29 1.37 1.22
1.87 1.36 2.35
0.81 0.65 0.96
0.55 0.34 0.74
0.28 0.24 0.31
Black or African American, 15 Years and Over .... Men ............................................................................ Women ......................................................................
9.87 9.68 10.02
0.88 0.86 0.89
1.39 1.13 1.60
0.79 0.62 0.92
0.54 0.33 0.71
Hispanic or Latino Ethnicity, 15 Years and Over .. Men ............................................................................ Women ......................................................................
9.82 9.63 10.02
1.15 1.21 1.09
1.86 1.10 2.64
0.89 0.74 1.04
Marital Status and Sex Married, Spouse Present ........................................... Men ........................................................................ Women ..................................................................
9.07 8.85 9.29
1.32 1.40 1.25
2.14 1.56 2.71
Other Marital Status ................................................... Men ........................................................................ Women ..................................................................
9.68 9.57 9.77
1.14 1.19 1.10
Educational Attainment, 25 Years and Over Less than a high school diploma ............................... High school graduates, no college 3 .......................... Less than a bachelor’s degree ................................... Bachelor’s degree or higher 4 ....................................
9.93 9.30 9.12 8.83
1.14 1.26 1.25 1.41
Leisure Telephone activities calls
Other activities not elsewhere classified
0.32 0.28 0.20 0.31 0.34 0.33 0.46
5.18 5.68 4.40 4.15 4.51 5.45 7.31
0.18 0.27 0.12 0.13 0.17 0.18 0.25
0.14 0.15 0.09 0.10 0.14 0.15 0.23
0.28 0.25 0.20 0.30 0.30 0.27 0.40
5.56 6.31 4.80 4.45 4.86 5.89 7.77
0.11 0.19 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.10 0.16
0.13 0.16 0.08 0.08 0.13 0.13 0.24
(5) (5)
0.35 0.32 0.20 0.31 0.37 0.38 0.50
4.82 5.03 3.99 3.86 4.18 5.05 6.96
0.25 0.35 0.15 0.17 0.24 0.25 0.32
0.15 0.13 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.17 0.23
3.73 4.52 2.98
0.45 0.46 0.44
0.30 0.26 0.34
5.14 5.47 4.83
0.18 0.11 0.24
0.14 0.13 0.15
0.26 0.28 0.24
3.14 3.21 3.08
0.71
0.42 0.45 0.40
5.65 6.52 4.96
0.23 0.18 0.26
0.13 0.12 0.14
0.61 0.29 0.94
0.24 0.29 0.19
3.50 4.24 2.73
0.61 0.52
0.29 0.26 0.32
4.81 5.34 4.26
0.11 0.10 0.13
0.11 0.11 0.11
0.87 0.69 1.04
0.77 0.54 1.01
0.27 0.24 0.31
4.05 5.00 3.10
0.11 0.08 0.15
0.35 0.34 0.36
4.77 5.09 4.45
0.13 0.07 0.19
0.14 0.13 0.15
1.39 1.00 1.72
0.75 0.61 0.86
0.30 0.10 0.47
0.27 0.25 0.29
3.16 3.52 2.85
0.97 1.05 0.91
0.27 0.21 0.33
5.68 6.19 5.24
0.25 0.17 0.31
0.14 0.14 0.14
2.20 2.10 1.98 1.87
0.75 0.83 0.90 0.91
0.42 0.52 0.65 0.78
0.26 0.33 0.27 0.24
2.59 3.56 4.14 4.71
(5)
0.08 0.17 0.20
0.31 0.28 0.32 0.38
6.13 5.45 4.89 4.33
0.08 0.15 0.18 0.21
0.15 0.14 0.13 0.15
Note: Hispanics or Latinos may be of any race. 1Primary activities are those respondents identify as their main activity. Other activities 2All major activity categories include related travel time. 3Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. 4Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees. 5Data not shown where base is less than 800,000.
done simultaneously are not included.
(5)
0.03
(5) (5) (5) (5)
(5)
0.77
(5)
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HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 12-3. Average Hours Worked per Day by Employed Persons on Weekdays and Weekends by Selected Characteristics, 2004 Annual Averages (Number.) Worked on an average day Characteristic
Total employed
Number
Percent
Worked on an average weekday
Hours per day 2
Number 3
Percent
Hours per day 2
Worked on an average Saturday, Sunday, or holiday 1 Number 4
Percent
Hours per day 2
Total, 15 Years and Over 5 ...................................... Full-time workers ....................................................... Part-time workers ......................................................
145 279 112 274 33 005
98 665 80 678 17 987
67.9 71.9 54.5
7.63 8.08 5.58
120 437 99 865 20 863
82.9 88.9 63.2
7.93 8.45 5.58
47 732 37 271 10 418
32.9 33.2 31.6
5.82 5.87 5.60
Men 5 ......................................................................... Full-time workers ....................................................... Part-time workers ......................................................
76 709 66 283 10 426
54 106 47 978 6 128
70.5 72.4 58.8
8.02 8.28 6.02
66 282 59 414 6 959
86.4 89.6 66.7
8.38 8.67 5.95
26 788 22 812 4 012
34.9 34.4 38.5
6.06 6.02 6.31
Women 5 ................................................................... Full-time workers ....................................................... Part-time workers ......................................................
68 570 45 991 22 579
44 560 32 701 11 859
65.0 71.1 52.5
7.15 7.80 5.35
54 226 40 461 13 909
79.1 88.0 61.6
7.41 8.13 5.39
20 841 14 419 6 381
30.4 31.4 28.3
5.49 5.64 5.13
Multiple Job Holding Status Single jobholders ....................................................... Multiple jobholders .....................................................
131 273 14 005
87 166 11 499
66.4 82.1
7.58 8.02
107 771 12 648
82.1 90.3
7.85 8.66
39 226 8 667
29.9 61.9
5.84 5.73
Educational Attainment, 25 Years and Over Less than high school ................................................ High school graduates, no college 6 .......................... Less than a bachelor’s degree .................................. Bachelor’s degree or higher 7 ....................................
10 212 37 091 32 455 43 193
6 936 25 716 22 203 31 290
67.9 69.3 68.4 72.4
8.03 7.86 7.70 7.60
8 959 31 399 27 391 37 936
87.7 84.7 84.4 87.8
8.09 8.03 8.04 8.08
3 350 12 231 9 705 14 704
32.8 33.0 29.9 34.0
7.79 6.79 5.36 4.54
Note: Unless otherwise specified, data refer to persons 15 years and over. 1Holidays
are New Year’s Day, Easter, Memorial Day, the Fourth of July, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day. In 2003, data were not collected for Thanksgiving Day or Christmas Day.
2Includes work at main and other job(s), and excludes travel related to work. 3Number was derived by multiplying the "total employed" by the percent of employed 4Number was derived by multiplying the "total employed" by the percent of employed 5Includes workers whose hours vary. 6Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. 7Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.
persons who worked on an average weekday. persons who worked on an average Saturday, Sunday, and holiday.
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AMERICAN TIME USE SURVEY (ATUS)
Table 12-4. Average Hours Worked per Day at Main Job Only by Employed Persons on Weekdays and Weekend Days by Selected Characteristics, 2004 Annual Averages (Number.) Worked on an average day Characteristic
Total employed
Number
Percent
Worked on an average weekday
Hours per day 2
Number 3
Percent
Worked on an average Saturday, Sunday, or holiday 1
Hours per day 2
Number 4
Percent
Hours per day 2
Class of Worker Wage and salary workers .................................................. Self-employed workers ......................................................
134 445 10 664
89 336 7 914
66.4 74.2
7.61 6.75
110 710 9 024
82.3 84.6
7.87 7.16
39 605 5 086
29.5 47.7
5.91 4.91
Occupation Management, business, and financial operations .............. Professional and related .................................................... Services ............................................................................. Sales and related ............................................................... Office and administrative support ...................................... Farming, fishing, and forestry ............................................ Construction and extraction ............................................... Installation, maintenance, and repair ................................. Production .......................................................................... Transportation and material moving ..................................
21 538 31 739 24 295 14 967 19 816 1 296 8 606 5 383 9 826 7 812
16 266 21 408 14 693 10 000 12 784
75.5 67.5 60.5 66.8 64.5
7.72 7.53 7.04 7.04 7.23
19 745 26 352 16 648 11 582 16 947
91.7 83.0 68.5 77.4 85.5
8.15 7.90 7.10 7.36 7.40
7 182 9 096 9 904 6 326 3 634
33.3 28.7 40.8 42.3 18.3
4.64 4.83 6.82 5.70 5.50
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
(6)
5 814 3 711 6 536 5 164
67.6 68.9 66.5 66.1
8.10 7.83 8.28 8.17
7 769 4 778 8 317 6 641
90.3 88.8 84.6 85.0
8.32 8.00 8.45 8.42
1 664
19.3
5.95
(6)
(6)
(6)
2 561 2 628
26.1 33.6
7.01 7.09
Earnings of Full-time Wage and Salary Earners 5 0 - $450 .............................................................................. $451 - $675 ........................................................................ $676 - $1,050 ..................................................................... $1,051 and higher ..............................................................
26 711 24 596 24 857 25 313
17 976 17 159 17 643 18 207
67.3 69.8 71.0 71.9
7.85 8.04 8.04 8.06
22 481 22 193 22 216 22 577
84.2 90.2 89.4 89.2
7.97 8.33 8.34 8.51
8 045 6 140 7 142 7 803
30.1 25.0 28.7 30.8
7.14 5.70 5.92 4.97
Note: Unless otherwise specified, data refer to persons 15 years and over. 1Holidays
are New Year’s Day, Easter, Memorial Day, the Fourth of July, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day. In 2003, data were not collected for Thanksgiving Day or Christmas Day.
2Includes work at main job only, and excludes travel related to work. 3Number was derived by multiplying the "total employed" by the percent of employed persons who worked on an average weekday. 4Number was derived by multiplying the "total employed" by the percent of employed persons who worked on an average Saturday, Sunday, and holiday. 5These values are based on usual weekly earnings. Each earnings range represents approximately 25 percent of full-time wage and salary workers. 6Data not shown where base is less than 800,000.
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HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 12-5. Average Hours Worked per Day at All Jobs by Employed Persons at Workplace or Home by Selected Characteristics, 2004 Annual Averages (Number.) Employed persons who reported working on the diary day 1 Location of work 2 Characteristic
Total employed
Number
Percent
Hours of work
Persons who reported working at the workplace on the diary day
Number
Percent
Hours of work at workplace
Persons who reported working at home on the diary day 3
Number
Percent
Hours of work at home
Full and Part-time Status and Sex Total, 15 years and over 4 ................................................................... Full-time workers ............................................................................. Part-time workers ............................................................................ Men 4 ................................................................................................... Full-time workers ............................................................................. Part-time workers ............................................................................ Women 4 .............................................................................................. Full-time workers ............................................................................. Part-time workers ............................................................................
145 279 112 274 33 005 76 709 66 283 10 426 68 570 45 991 22 579
98 665 80 678 17 987 54 106 47 978 6 128 44 560 32 701 11 859
67.9 71.9 54.5 70.5 72.4 58.8 65.0 71.1 52.5
7.63 8.08 5.58 8.02 8.28 6.02 7.15 7.80 5.35
85 822 71 472 14 350 47 478 42 498 4 979 38 344 28 974 9 370
87.0 88.6 79.8 87.7 88.6 81.3 86.1 88.6 79.0
7.86 8.22 6.06 8.16 8.38 6.30 7.49 7.99 5.94
19 155 15 296 3 858 10 373 9 277 1 096 8 781 6 019 2 762
19.4 19.0 21.5 19.2 19.3 17.9 19.7 18.4 23.3
2.83 2.99 2.20 3.17 3.20 2.92 2.43 2.68 1.91
Multiple Jobholding Status Single jobholders ................................................................................. Multiple jobholders ..............................................................................
131 273 14 005
87 166 11 499
66.4 82.1
7.58 8.02
76 245 9 577
87.5 83.3
7.82 8.17
15 576 3 579
17.9 31.1
2.86 2.69
Educational Attainment, 25 Years and Over Less than a high school diploma ......................................................... High school graduates, no college 5 .................................................... Some college or associate degree ...................................................... Bachelor’s degree or higher 6 ..............................................................
10 212 37 091 32 455 43 193
6 936 25 716 22 203 31 290
67.9 69.3 68.4 72.4
8.03 7.86 7.70 7.60
6 571 23 442 19 470 24 694
94.7 91.2 87.7 78.9
8.11 7.97 7.99 7.98
(7)
(7)
(7)
3 241 4 249 10 378
12.6 19.1 33.2
2.81 2.85 2.86
Note: Unless otherwise specified, data refer to persons 15 years and over. 1Includes work at main and other job(s) and at locations other than home or workplace. Excludes travel related to work. 2Respondents can report working at more than one location during the diary day. 3"Working at home" includes any time the respondent reported doing activities that were identified as "part of one’s job,"
their home. 4Includes workers whose hours vary. 5Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. 6Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees. 7Data not shown where base is less than 800,000.
and is not restricted to persons whose usual workplace is
AMERICAN TIME USE SURVEY (ATUS)
493
Table 12-6. Average Hours Worked per Day at Main Job Only by Employed Persons at Workplace or Home by Selected Characteristics, 2004 Annual Averages (Number.) Employed persons who reported working on the diary day 1 Location of work 2 Characteristic
Total employed
Number
Percent
Hours of work
Persons who reported working at the workplace on the diary day Number
Percent
Persons who reported working at home on the diary day 3
Hours of work at workplace
Number
Percent
Hours of work at home
Class of Worker Wage and salary workers .................................................. Self-employed workers ......................................................
134 445 10 664
89 336 7 914
66.4 74.2
7.61 6.75
80 041 4 735
89.6 59.8
7.82 7.37
13 795 3 829
15.4 48.4
2.57 3.90
Occupation Management, business, and financial operations .............. Professional and related .................................................... Services ............................................................................. Sales and related ............................................................... Office and administrative support ...................................... Farming, fishing, and forestry ............................................ Construction and extraction ............................................... Installation, maintenance, and repair ................................. Production .......................................................................... Transportation and material moving ..................................
21 538 31 739 24 295 14 967 19 816 1 296 8 606 5 383 9 826 7 812
16 266 21 408 14 693 10 000 12 784
75.5 67.5 60.5 66.8 64.5
7.72 7.53 7.04 7.04 7.23
13 003 17 510 13 573 8 406 11 625
79.9 81.8 92.4 84.1 90.9
8.26 7.84 7.23 7.36 7.44
4 302 6 067 1 437 2 391 1 345
26.4 28.3 9.8 23.9 10.5
3.23 2.81 2.49 2.56 3.15
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
5 814 3 711 6 536 5 164
67.6 68.9 66.5 66.1
8.10 7.83 8.28 8.17
5 327 3 483 6 252 4 928
91.6 93.9 95.7 95.4
8.27 7.99 8.35 8.11
(5) (5) (5) (5) (5)
(5) (5) (5) (5) (5)
(5) (5) (5) (5) (5)
Earnings of Full-time Wage and Salary Earners 4 0 - $450 .............................................................................. $451 - $675 ........................................................................ $676 - $1,050 ..................................................................... $1,051 and higher ..............................................................
26 711 24 596 24 857 25 313
17 976 17 159 17 643 18 207
67.3 69.8 71.0 71.9
7.85 8.04 8.04 8.06
17 151 16 048 16 249 15 199
95.4 93.5 92.1 83.5
7.90 8.19 8.18 8.42
1 065 1 730 2 614 4 933
5.9 10.1 14.8 27.1
2.65 2.34 2.11 2.69
Note: Unless otherwise specified, data refer to persons 15 years and over. 1Includes work at main and other job(s) and at locations other than home or workplace. Excludes travel related to work. 2Respondents can report working at more than one location during the diary day. 3"Working at home" includes any time the respondent reported doing activities that were identified as "part of one’s job," and is not restricted to persons 4These values are based on usual weekly earnings. Each earnings range represents approximately 25 percent of full-time wage and salary workers. 5Data not shown where base is less than 800,000.
whose usual workplace is their home.
494
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 12-7. Average Hours per Day Spent by Persons 18 Years and Over, Caring for Household Children Under 18 Years, by Sex of Respondent and Age of Youngest Household Child, 2004 Annual Averages (Number.) Hours per day caring for household children Characteristic Total
Men
Women
Persons in Households with Children Under 18 Years, Total Caring for household children as a primary activity .................................................................... Physical care .......................................................................................................................... Education-related activities .................................................................................................... Reading to/with children ......................................................................................................... Talking to/with children ........................................................................................................... Playing/doing hobbies with children ....................................................................................... Looking after children ............................................................................................................. Attending children’s events .................................................................................................... Travel related to care of household children .......................................................................... Other childcare activities ........................................................................................................
1.34 0.47 0.10 0.04 0.05 0.26 0.08 0.06 0.17 0.12
0.84 0.22 0.06 0.02 0.02 0.23 0.06 0.05 0.10 0.06
1.76 0.67 0.13 0.05 0.07 0.29 0.11 0.06 0.23 0.17
Persons in Households with Youngest Child 6 to 17 Years Caring for household children as a primary activity .................................................................... Physical care .......................................................................................................................... Education-related activities .................................................................................................... Reading to/with children ......................................................................................................... Talking to/with children ........................................................................................................... Playing/doing hobbies with children ....................................................................................... Looking after children ............................................................................................................. Attending children’s events .................................................................................................... Travel related to care of household children .......................................................................... Other childcare activities ........................................................................................................
0.79 0.15 0.12 0.02 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.08 0.15 0.10
0.52 0.06 0.07
1.00 0.23 0.16 0.03 0.09 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.19 0.12
Persons in Households with Youngest Child Under 6 Years Caring for household children as a primary activity .................................................................... Physical care .......................................................................................................................... Education-related activities .................................................................................................... Reading to/with children ......................................................................................................... Talking to/with children ........................................................................................................... Playing/doing hobbies with children ....................................................................................... Looking after children ............................................................................................................. Attending children’s events .................................................................................................... Travel related to care of household children .......................................................................... Other childcare activities ........................................................................................................
2.02 0.85 0.07 0.06 0.03 0.51 0.13 0.04 0.19 0.15
1.21 0.41
(1)
0.03 0.08 (1)
0.07 0.11 0.06
(1)
0.04 (1)
0.41 0.09 (1)
0.09 0.07
Note: Universe includes respondents 18 years and over living in households with children under 18 years, even if they did not report doing childcare on the diary day. 1Data
not shown where base is less than 800,000.
2.73 1.22 0.10 0.08 0.04 0.60 0.16 0.04 0.27 0.22
AMERICAN TIME USE SURVEY (ATUS)
495
Table 12-8. Average Hours per Day Spent in Primary Activities 1 for the Total Population Age 18 Years and Older by Activity Category, Employment Status, Presence and Age of Household Children, and Sex, 2004 Annual Averages (Number.) Hours spent per day in primary activities Household with children under 6 years
Characteristic
Total
Men
Women
Household with children 6–17 years old Total
Men
Women
Household with no children under 18 years Total
Men
Women
TOTAL Total, All Activities 2 ...................................................................... Personal care activities ................................................................ Sleeping ................................................................................... Eating and drinking ...................................................................... Household activities ..................................................................... Housework ............................................................................... Food preparation and cleanup ................................................. Lawn and garden care ............................................................. Household management .......................................................... Purchasing goods and services ................................................... Consumer goods purchases .................................................... Professional and personal care services ................................. Caring for and helping household members ................................ Caring for and helping household children .............................. Caring for and helping non-household members ......................... Caring for and helping non-household adults .......................... Working and work-related activities ............................................. Working .................................................................................... Educational activities ................................................................... Attending class ......................................................................... Homework and research .......................................................... Organizational, civic, and religious activities ................................ Religious and spiritual activities ............................................... Volunteering (organizational and civic activities) ..................... Leisure and sports ....................................................................... Socializing and communicating ................................................ Watching television .................................................................. Participating in sports, exercise, and recreation ...................... Telephone calls, mail, and email .................................................. Other activities, not elsewhere classified .....................................
24.00 9.13 8.45 1.14 1.94 0.72 0.67 0.16 0.11 0.85 0.47 0.07 2.11 1.84 0.18 0.09 3.99 3.62 0.20 0.10 0.08 0.26 0.13 0.09 4.01 0.75 2.09 0.25 0.10 0.11
24.00 8.86 8.24 1.23 1.24 0.22 0.29 0.24 0.09 0.72 0.38 0.06 1.28 1.11 0.19 0.10 5.63 5.11
0.28 0.15 0.09 4.28 0.73 2.18 0.37 0.06 0.07
0.24 0.12 0.09 3.77 0.76 2.02 0.14 0.14 0.13
24.00 8.86 8.18 1.15 1.53 0.51 0.49 0.17 0.10 0.84 0.46 0.07 1.82 1.58 0.15 0.07 5.37 4.91 0.17
24.00 8.65 8.05 1.23 1.14 0.22 0.27 0.24 0.07 0.75 0.40 0.05 1.25 1.10 0.16 0.09 6.29 5.73
24.00 9.14 8.35 1.04 2.03 0.89 0.77 0.08 0.14 0.96 0.54 0.08 2.55 2.19 0.13 0.05 4.19 3.87
(3) (3)
(3) (3) (3)
(3) (3) (3)
0.22 0.11 0.08 3.70 0.68 1.89 0.27 0.09 0.10
0.22 0.11 0.09 4.08 0.70 2.07 0.38 0.05 0.08
0.21 0.10 0.08 3.22 0.66 1.66 0.13 0.13 0.13
(3) (3) (3)
24.00 9.36 8.64 1.06 2.54 1.15 0.99 0.09 0.14 0.96 0.56 0.08 2.82 2.46 0.17 0.08 2.59 2.34 0.23 (3) (3)
24.00 9.11 8.30 1.15 1.94 0.67 0.60 0.15 0.12 0.86 0.44 0.07 0.84 0.63 0.23 0.10 4.60 4.19 0.34 0.18 0.11 0.40 0.14 0.21 4.30 0.71 2.17 0.27 0.12 0.12
24.00 8.97 8.24 1.27 1.36 0.22 0.27 0.19 0.10 0.59 0.29 0.04 0.57 0.41 0.22 0.09 5.52 5.02 0.26
24.00 8.94 8.12 1.17 1.66 0.51 0.48 0.15 0.12 0.76 0.39 0.06 0.73 0.53 0.18 0.08 5.83 5.37 0.25 0.14 0.08 0.36 0.12 0.19 3.90 0.65 1.94 0.27 0.10 0.11
24.00 8.83 8.09 1.27 1.30 0.18 0.25 0.18 0.11 0.57 0.28 0.03 0.53 0.37 0.17 0.09 6.34 5.82
(3) (3)
0.46 0.18 0.22 4.58 0.70 2.32 0.35 0.08 0.12
24.00 9.23 8.36 1.05 2.41 1.03 0.86 0.12 0.14 1.06 0.57 0.10 1.05 0.81 0.23 0.11 3.87 3.53 0.40 0.22 0.13 0.35 0.11 0.19 4.08 0.72 2.05 0.20 0.15 0.11
24.00 9.37 8.57 1.34 1.86 0.57 0.48 0.24 0.16 0.82 0.39 0.11 0.08 ... 0.33 0.12 3.55 3.23 0.26 0.12 0.11 0.30 0.12 0.14 5.72 0.74 2.99 0.27 0.21 0.15
24.00 9.17 8.54 1.39 1.45 0.24 0.26 0.30 0.13 0.69 0.30 0.09 0.07 ... 0.28 0.13 4.11 3.73 0.25 0.12 0.10 0.23 0.10 0.10 6.09 0.68 3.26 0.36 0.12 0.14
24.00 9.56 8.60 1.29 2.27 0.90 0.70 0.18 0.19 0.95 0.48 0.13 0.08 ... 0.37 0.11 3.01 2.75 0.28 0.13 0.12 0.37 0.14 0.18 5.37 0.79 2.73 0.19 0.30 0.16
24.00 9.04 8.15 1.06 2.01 0.83 0.72 0.12 0.14 0.95 0.50 0.09 0.92 0.69 0.19 0.08 5.33 4.93 0.32
24.00 9.02 8.23 1.29 1.43 0.41 0.36 0.17 0.12 0.76 0.37 0.07 0.06 ... 0.31 0.12 5.85 5.38 0.24 0.13 0.09 0.21 0.09 0.09 4.52 0.67 2.29 0.26 0.17 0.11
24.00 8.92 8.27 1.34 1.15 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.11 0.61 0.28 0.04 0.06 ... 0.28 0.14 6.25 5.74 0.20 0.11
24.00 9.15 8.19 1.24 1.74 0.66 0.54 0.13 0.14 0.95 0.48 0.11 0.07 ... 0.35 0.11 5.40 4.97 0.29 0.15 0.11 0.27 0.11 0.12 4.18 0.74 1.96 0.19 0.25 0.12
EMPLOYED Total, All Activities 2 ...................................................................... Personal care activities ................................................................ Sleeping ................................................................................... Eating and drinking ...................................................................... Household activities ..................................................................... Housework ............................................................................... Food preparation and cleanup ................................................. Lawn and garden care ............................................................. Household management .......................................................... Purchasing goods and services ................................................... Consumer goods purchases .................................................... Professional and personal care services ................................. Caring for and helping household members ................................ Caring for and helping household children .............................. Caring for and helping non-household members ......................... Caring for and helping non-household adults .......................... Working and work-related activities ............................................. Working .................................................................................... Educational activities ................................................................... Attending class ......................................................................... Homework and research .......................................................... Organizational, civic, and religious activities ................................ Religious and spiritual activities ............................................... Volunteering (organizational and civic activities) ..................... Leisure and sports ....................................................................... Socializing and communicating ................................................ Watching television .................................................................. Participating in sports, exercise, and recreation ...................... Telephone calls, mail, and email .................................................. Other activities, not elsewhere classified ..................................... 1Primary activities are those respondents identify as their 2All major activity categories include related travel time. 3Data not shown where base is less than 800,000.
. . . = Not available.
main activity. Other activities done simultaneously are not included.
(3) (3) (3)
0.42 0.14 0.22 4.19 0.65 2.08 0.34 0.07 0.13
(3) (3)
0.31 0.10 0.17 3.62 0.65 1.81 0.19 0.14 0.10
(3)
0.16 0.08 0.06 4.83 0.60 2.57 0.32 0.10 0.10
496
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 12-8. Average Hours per Day Spent in Primary Activities 1 for the Total Population Age 18 Years and Older by Activity Category, Employment Status, Presence and Age of Household Children, and Sex, 2004 Annual Averages—Continued (Number.) Hours spent per day in primary activities Household with children under 6 years
Characteristic
Total
Men
Women
Household with children 6–17 years old Total
Men
Women
Household with no children under 18 years Total
Men
Women
NOT EMPLOYED Total, All Activities 2 ...................................................................... Personal care activities ................................................................ Sleeping ................................................................................... Eating and drinking ...................................................................... Household activities ..................................................................... Housework ............................................................................... Food preparation and cleanup ................................................. Lawn and garden care ............................................................. Household management .......................................................... Purchasing goods and services ................................................... Consumer goods purchases .................................................... Professional and personal care services ................................. Caring for and helping household members ................................ Caring for and helping household children .............................. Caring for and helping non-household members ......................... Caring for and helping non-household adults .......................... Working and work-related activities ............................................. Working .................................................................................... Educational activities ................................................................... Attending class ......................................................................... Homework and research .......................................................... Organizational, civic, and religious activities ................................ Religious and spiritual activities ............................................... Volunteering (organizational and civic activities) ..................... Leisure and sports ....................................................................... Socializing and communicating ................................................ Watching television .................................................................. Participating in sports, exercise, and recreation ...................... Telephone calls, mail, and email .................................................. Other activities, not elsewhere classified ..................................... 1Primary activities are those respondents identify as their 2All major activity categories include related travel time. 3Data not shown where base is less than 800,000.
. . . = Not available.
24.00 9.85 9.20 1.10 3.07 1.29 1.15 0.14 0.15 0.87 0.51 0.08 2.90 2.56 0.25 0.12 (3) (3) (3) (3) (3)
0.38 0.20 0.12 4.84 0.92 2.64 0.18 0.14 0.12
24.00 10.57 9.79 1.17 2.09 (3)
0.47 (3) (3) (3) (3) (3)
1.55 1.21 (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3)
5.96 (3)
3.04 (3) (3) (3)
24.00 9.68 9.07 1.08 3.29 1.52 1.30 (3)
0.13 0.97 0.58 (3)
3.21 2.87 0.22 0.12 (3) (3) (3) (3) (3)
0.30 0.14 (3)
4.59 0.91 2.54 0.14 0.14 0.14
24.00 9.74 8.95 1.07 2.92 1.23 1.01 0.15 0.11 1.18 0.62 0.12 1.23 0.97 0.39 0.17 (3) (3)
0.64 (3) (3)
0.52 0.21 0.24 5.72 0.92 2.97 0.27 0.17 0.13
main activity. Other activities done simultaneously are not included.
24.00 9.86 9.15 1.22 1.72 (3)
0.45 (3) (3)
0.75 0.35 (3)
0.84 0.66 (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3)
6.98 0.98 3.84 (3) (3) (3)
24.00 9.70 8.88 1.02 3.38 1.53 1.22 (3)
0.13 1.34 0.73 0.13 1.38 1.10 0.33 (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3)
0.44 0.14 0.25 5.23 0.90 2.64 0.22 0.18 0.14
24.00 9.89 9.07 1.41 2.52 0.82 0.68 0.35 0.21 0.92 0.42 0.16 0.09 ... 0.35 0.12 0.08 (3)
0.29 0.12 0.14 0.43 0.16 0.22 7.53 0.85 4.06 0.29 0.28 0.21
24.00 9.66 9.04 1.47 2.00 0.32 0.38 0.49 0.16 0.86 0.35 0.16 0.08 ... 0.29 0.12
24.00 10.07 9.09 1.36 2.92 1.20 0.90 0.24 0.26 0.96 0.47 0.16 0.10 ... 0.40 0.11
(3) (3)
(3) (3)
0.33
0.25 0.09
(3) (3)
0.36 0.13 0.18 8.43 0.84 4.54 0.44 0.17 0.23
(3)
0.48 0.18 0.25 6.84 0.86 3.69 0.18 0.36 0.21
AMERICAN TIME USE SURVEY (ATUS)
497
Table 12-9. Average Hours per Day Spent in Leisure and Sports Activities for the Total Population by Selected Characteristics, 2004 Annual Averages (Number.) Total, all leisure and sports activities Characteristic
Total, all days
Weekdays
Participating in sports, exercise, and recreation
Weekends and holidays 1 Weekdays
Socializing and communicating
Watching TV
Weekends Weekends Weekends Weekdays and holidays 1 Weekdays and holidays 1 and holidays 1
Sex Men .............................................................................................. Women .........................................................................................
5.56 4.82
5.00 4.45
6.86 5.71
0.35 0.20
0.52 0.19
0.56 0.61
1.04 1.21
2.61 2.36
3.43 2.62
Age Total, 15 years and over .............................................................. 15 to 24 years .......................................................................... 25 to 34 years .......................................................................... 35 to 44 years .......................................................................... 45 to 54 years .......................................................................... 55 to 64 years .......................................................................... 65 years and over ....................................................................
5.18 5.68 4.40 4.15 4.51 5.45 7.31
4.71 5.26 3.63 3.59 3.99 5.04 7.17
6.28 6.62 5.93 5.55 5.77 6.56 7.68
0.27 0.50 0.18 0.25 0.21 0.21 0.27
0.35 0.57 0.46 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.17
0.59 0.81 0.55 0.46 0.48 0.59 0.65
1.13 1.27 1.27 1.14 1.00 0.99 1.00
2.48 2.36 2.02 1.94 2.18 2.79 3.82
3.02 2.77 2.78 2.67 2.89 3.32 4.04
Race and Hispanic or Latino Ethnicity White ............................................................................................ Black or African American ............................................................ Hispanic or Latino ethnicity ..........................................................
5.14 5.65 4.81
4.67 5.35 4.24
6.30 6.23 5.85
0.28 0.23 0.25
0.37 0.16 0.41
0.59 0.58 0.57
1.15 0.95 1.24
2.40 3.15 2.41
2.94 3.62 2.95
Employment Status Employed ..................................................................................... Full-time workers ...................................................................... Part-time workers ..................................................................... Not employed ...............................................................................
4.24 4.07 4.83 6.82
3.61 3.33 4.52 6.64
5.73 5.74 5.67 7.29
0.23 0.22 0.27 0.34
0.37 0.37 0.38 0.32
0.50 0.43 0.72 0.74
1.09 1.07 1.17 1.19
1.87 1.79 2.16 3.53
2.71 2.78 2.42 3.59
Earnings of Full-time Wage and Salary Earners 2 0 to $450 ...................................................................................... $451 to $675 ................................................................................ $676 to $1,050 ............................................................................. $1,051 and higher ........................................................................
4.21 4.21 4.17 3.84
3.56 3.42 3.45 3.05
5.64 5.96 5.82 5.70
0.21 0.11 0.23 0.32
0.32 0.37 0.31 0.45
0.45 0.44 0.47 0.40
1.09 1.00 1.14 1.15
2.04 1.95 1.80 1.40
2.80 3.13 2.98 2.30
Presence and Age of Children No household children under 18 years ........................................ Household children under 18 years ............................................. Children 13 to 17 years, none younger .................................... Children 6 to 12 years, none younger ...................................... Youngest child under 6 years ...................................................
5.74 4.35 4.62 4.50 4.06
5.32 3.79 4.03 3.91 3.54
6.75 5.62 6.24 5.81 5.17
0.27 0.28 0.32 0.34 0.21
0.33 0.38 0.41 0.40 0.36
0.59 0.59 0.60 0.58 0.59
1.13 1.12 1.10 1.15 1.11
2.84 1.93 1.91 1.97 1.91
3.27 2.67 2.78 2.77 2.54
Marital Status and Sex Married, spouse present .............................................................. Men .......................................................................................... Women ..................................................................................... Other marital statuses .................................................................. Men .......................................................................................... Women .....................................................................................
4.77 5.09 4.45 5.68 6.19 5.24
4.30 4.50 4.11 5.24 5.68 4.86
5.92 6.47 5.33 6.70 7.37 6.12
0.24 0.29 0.19 0.31 0.43 0.21
0.31 0.43 0.18 0.40 0.64 0.20
0.55 0.50 0.60 0.64 0.65 0.62
1.12 1.08 1.16 1.14 0.99 1.27
2.28 2.46 2.12 2.72 2.80 2.66
2.88 3.32 2.40 3.18 3.56 2.86
Educational Attainment, 25 Years and Over Less than a high school diploma .................................................. High school graduates, no college 3 ............................................. Some college or associate degree ............................................... Bachelor’s degree or higher 4 .......................................................
6.13 5.45 4.89 4.33
5.91 5.07 4.37 3.73
6.57 6.38 6.16 5.85
0.15 0.18 0.20 0.32
0.21 0.29 0.30 0.37
0.59 0.56 0.52 0.51
1.11 1.09 1.03 1.16
3.72 2.95 2.32 1.67
3.85 3.37 3.03 2.39
1Holidays are New Year’s Day, Easter, Memorial Day, the Fourth of July, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day. In 2004, data were not collected 2These values are based on usual weekly earnings. Each earnings range represents approximately 25 percent of full-time wage and salary workers. 3Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. 4Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.
about Thanksgiving Day.
498
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Table 12-9. Average Hours per Day Spent in Leisure and Sports Activities for the Total Population by Selected Characteristics, 2004 Annual Averages—Continued (Number.) Reading Characteristic Weekdays
Relaxing/thinking
Weekends and holidays 1
Weekdays
Playing games and computer use for leisure
Weekends and holidays 1
Weekdays
Weekends and holidays 1
Other leisure and sports activities including travel 5 Weekdays
Weekends and holidays 1
Sex Men .............................................................................................. Women .........................................................................................
0.30 0.42
0.37 0.49
0.31 0.28
0.29 0.26
0.43 0.25
0.46 0.29
0.44 0.34
0.75 0.65
Age Total, 15 years and over .............................................................. 15 to 24 years .......................................................................... 25 to 34 years .......................................................................... 35 to 44 years .......................................................................... 45 to 54 years .......................................................................... 55 to 64 years .......................................................................... 65 years and over ....................................................................
0.36 0.12 0.16 0.22 0.30 0.53 0.95
0.43 0.13 0.17 0.30 0.47 0.66 1.11
0.29 0.20 0.17 0.23 0.24 0.31 0.64
0.28 0.21 0.20 0.23 0.27 0.29 0.53
0.34 0.71 0.23 0.22 0.24 0.23 0.38
0.37 0.70 0.38 0.28 0.22 0.32 0.27
0.38 0.56 0.32 0.27 0.34 0.37 0.46
0.70 0.97 0.67 0.63 0.63 0.70 0.56
Race and Hispanic or Latino Ethnicity White ............................................................................................ Black or African American ............................................................ Hispanic or Latino ethnicity ..........................................................
0.39 0.26 0.21
0.47 0.24 0.15
0.27 0.52 0.27
0.26 0.39 0.19
0.35 0.27 0.22
0.38 0.30 0.22
0.40 0.35 0.32
0.73 0.56 0.67
Employment Status Employed ..................................................................................... Full-time workers ...................................................................... Part-time workers ..................................................................... Not employed ...............................................................................
0.23 0.21 0.30 0.59
0.33 0.32 0.35 0.62
0.20 0.20 0.21 0.45
0.22 0.23 0.19 0.38
0.23 0.18 0.39 0.52
0.32 0.31 0.35 0.47
0.34 0.31 0.46 0.46
0.69 0.66 0.80 0.71
Earnings of Full-time Wage and Salary Earners 2 0 to $450 ...................................................................................... $451 to $675 ................................................................................ $676 to $1,050 ............................................................................. $1,051 and higher ........................................................................
0.13 0.19 0.28 0.26
0.21 0.25 0.32 0.49
0.26 0.21 0.21 0.14
0.28 0.20 0.23 0.23
0.22 0.18 0.17 0.18
0.25 0.41 0.23 0.30
0.25 0.35 0.29 0.35
0.69 0.61 0.61 0.79
Presence and Age of Children No household children under 18 years ........................................ Household children under 18 years ............................................. Children 13 to 17 years, none younger .................................... Children 6 to 12 years, none younger ...................................... Youngest child under 6 years ...................................................
0.47 0.20 0.21 0.23 0.16
0.57 0.23 0.32 0.25 0.16
0.36 0.20 0.21 0.21 0.18
0.32 0.22 0.30 0.21 0.19
0.39 0.25 0.38 0.22 0.21
0.39 0.35 0.54 0.37 0.24
0.41 0.35 0.41 0.37 0.29
0.74 0.65 0.78 0.67 0.57
Marital Status and Sex Married, spouse present .............................................................. Men .......................................................................................... Women ..................................................................................... Other marital statuses .................................................................. Men .......................................................................................... Women .....................................................................................
0.38 0.34 0.43 0.34 0.25 0.41
0.48 0.43 0.53 0.38 0.29 0.45
0.29 0.31 0.27 0.30 0.30 0.29
0.27 0.30 0.24 0.28 0.29 0.28
0.24 0.26 0.22 0.46 0.67 0.28
0.26 0.28 0.24 0.50 0.69 0.34
0.32 0.34 0.29 0.47 0.57 0.39
0.60 0.63 0.58 0.81 0.91 0.73
Educational Attainment, 25 Years and Over Less than a high school diploma .................................................. High school graduates, no college 3 ............................................. Some college or associate degree ............................................... Bachelor’s degree or higher 4 .......................................................
0.34 0.39 0.42 0.46
0.32 0.39 0.51 0.70
0.63 0.38 0.24 0.17
0.51 0.35 0.22 0.18
0.19 0.29 0.30 0.22
0.10 0.31 0.37 0.32
0.30 0.33 0.37 0.37
0.47 0.59 0.69 0.72
Note: Unless otherwise specified, data refer to respondents 15 years and over. Hispanics and Latinos may be of any race. 1Holidays are New Year’s Day, Easter, Memorial Day, the Fourth of July, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day. In 2004, data were not collected 2These values are based on usual weekly earnings. Each earnings range represents approximately 25 percent of full-time wage and salary workers. 3Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. 4Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees. 5Includes other leisure and sports activities, not elsewhere classified, and travel related to leisure and sports activities.
about Thanksgiving Day.
INDEX
INDEX
A ABSENCES Defined, 7 Full-time workers, 130 ACCOUNTING AND BOOKKEEPING Producer Price Indexes, 371 ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES AND SUPPORT Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 322, 339 Employment and wages by occupation, 251 Occupational safety and health fatal injuries, 451 Occupation of longest job held, 153 Percent distribution of workers age 25 to 64 by education, 155 Unemployed persons and rates by occupation, 108, 109 ADVERTISING OCCUPATIONS Employment and wages by occupation, 251 AGE Absences from work full-time workers by age, 130 American Time Use Survey (ATUS) average hours per day spent in primary activities, 489 Children employment status of women by age of children, 135 number and age of children in families, 139 Children under 3 years old employment status of mothers, 88 Children under 18 years old employment status of parents, 85 Civilian labor force employment status by age, 32 participation rates, 41 Civilian noninstitutional population employment status by age, 11, 23 Consumer expenditures averages by age of reference person, 415 averages by income before taxes, 24 years and under, 426 averages by income before taxes, 25 to 34 years, 427 averages by income before taxes, 35 to 44 years, 428 averages by income before taxes, 45 to 54 years, 429 averages by income before taxes, 55 to 64 years, 430 averages by income before taxes, 65 years and over, 431 Days away from work due to injury or illness, 447 Educational attainment statistics, 77 Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers employment status by age, 50 Employed civilians, 56 Employment status of foreign born and native born by age of child, 143
Flexible schedules workers by selected characteristics, 166 Labor management relations union membership by age, 458 Multiple jobholder statistics, 80 Number and median annual earnings of full-time workers, 125 Occupational safety and health fatal injuries by age, 450 Participation rates of persons 25 to 64 years of age, 150 Percent distribution of employed civilians by age, 55 Percent distribution of the labor force 25 to 64 years of age, 148 Percent of the population with experience by age, 119 Persons not in the labor force, 53 Population ratios, 65 Projections of labor force and employment civilian labor force by age, 270 Shifts usually worked workers by selected characteristics, 171 Tenure of full-time workers by age, 131 Unemployed persons by age, 90, 117 Unemployment rates by age, 89, 99 AGENTS Employment and wages by occupation, 251 AGGREGATE ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE Defined, 268 AGRICULTURE Civilians employed by, 72, 73, 76 Classes of workers, 76 Employment and wages by occupation, 251 Occupational safety and health fatal injuries, 451 nonfatal rates, 444 Occupation of longest job held, 153 Percent distribution of workers age 25 to 64 by education, 155 Producer Price Indexes, 371 Salaried workers, 76 Self-employed workers, 76 Unemployed persons and rates by occupation, 108, 109 Unpaid family workers, 76 Wage earners, 76 AIRCRAFT MANUFACTURING Benefits, 343 Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 322 AIR FARES Export price indexes, 403 Import price indexes, 403 AIR FREIGHT Export price indexes, 403 Import price indexes, 403
501
502
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
AIR TRANSPORTATION Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 181, 183 Producer Price Indexes, 371 ALTERNATIVE WORK ARRANGEMENTS Employed workers by health insurance and pension plans, 163 Employed workers by work arrangements, 162 Median weekly earnings, 164 AMERICAN TIME USE SURVEY (ATUS) Age average hours per day spent in primary activities, 489 Average hours per day spent in primary activities caring for household children under 18 years, 494 generally, 485 leisure and sports activities, 497 persons reporting on the diary day, 488 population 18 years and over, 495 population by age, sex, race, and ethnicity, 489 total population, 488, 489 Average hours worked on weekdays and weekends, 490, 491 Average hours worked per day at all jobs, 492 Average hours worked per day at main job, 491, 493 Concepts, 486 Definitions, 486, 487 Educational attainment average hours per day spent in primary activities, 489 Highlights, 485 Hispanic origin average hours per day spent in primary activities, 489 Race average hours per day spent in primary activities, 489 Sex average hours per day spent in primary activities, 489 Survey methodology, 486 AMERICAS Hourly compensation costs, 475 ANIMAL PRODUCTS AND VEGETABLE OILS Export price indexes, 390 Import price indexes, 395 APPAREL PRODUCTS Consumer Price Indexes, 386 Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 181, 183 Export price indexes, 390 Import price indexes, 395 Occupational safety and health nonfatal rates, 444 Producer Price Indexes, 371 Productivity and costs, 312 ARCHITECTS Employment and wages by occupation, 251 Producer Price Indexes, 371
ARMED FORCES Occupational safety and health fatal injuries, 451 Occupation of longest job held, 153 ART AND DESIGN Employment and wages by occupation, 251 ASIAN NEWLY INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES Hourly compensation costs, 475 Import price indexes, 400 ASIAN RACE Defined, 6 ATTORNEYS Employment and wages by occupation, 251 AT WORK PART-TIME FOR ECONOMIC REASONS Defined, 5 AT WORK PART-TIME FOR NONECONOMIC REASONS Defined, 5 AUSTRALIA Consumer price indexes, 476 Employment-population ratios, 480 Employment status of the working-age population, 471 Gross domestic product per capita, 478 Gross domestic product per employed person, 479 Hourly compensation costs, 475 Indexes of manufacturing productivity and related measures, 473 AUSTRIA Consumer price indexes, 476 Employment-population ratios, 480 Gross domestic product per capita, 478 Gross domestic product per employed person, 479 Hourly compensation costs, 475 AUTO REPAIR SERVICES Employment and wages by occupation, 251 AVAILABILITY FOR WORK Persons not in the labor force, 53 AVERAGE HOURLY EARNINGS Defined, 179 Manufacturing payrolls, 208, 209 Nonfarm payrolls, 206, 207 Production workers by state, 229, 230 AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS Average weekly overtime hours of production workers, 197, 198 Defined, 179 AVERAGE WEEKLY EARNINGS Defined, 180 Nonfarm payrolls, 211, 212 Production workers, 214, 215 AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS Defined, 179
INDEX
Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of nonfarm workers, 200, 201 Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production workers, 202, 203 Production or nonsupervisory workers by state, 226, 227 manufacturing payrolls, 194, 195 private nonfarm payrolls, 192, 193 B BANKING Civilians employed by, 72, 73 Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 322 Employment and wages by occupation, 251 Multiple jobholders by industry of principal secondary job and sex, 81 BELGIUM Consumer price indexes, 476 Employment-population ratios, 480 Gross domestic product per capita, 478 Gross domestic product per employed person, 479 Hourly compensation costs, 475 Indexes of manufacturing productivity and related measures, 473 BENEFITS Collection of statistics, 357 Compensation of employees compensation costs per hour worked, 352, 354 Employment Cost Index, 322 Defined, 320 Employee Benefits Survey, 357 Employment Cost Index, 343 Medical care benefits percent of participants required to contribute, 359 Occupations, 343 Percent change in benefits, 319 Percent of workers participating in selected benefits, 358 State and local government workers, 343 BEVERAGES Export price indexes, 390 BLACK RACE Defined, 6 BLUE COLLAR WORKERS Benefits, 343 Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 322, 339 BONUSES Defined, 320 BROKERS Employment and wages by occupation, 251 BUILDING AND GROUNDS CLEANING Employment and wages by occupation, 251
503
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS (BLS) Collection of data, 4 BUSINESS EMPLOYMENT DYNAMICS (BED) Definitions, 240 Highlights, 239 Private sector gross job gains and losses, 241, 242, 243 BUSINESS SECTOR Employment and wages by occupation, 251 Indexes of productivity and related data, 301 Multiple jobholders by industry of principal secondary job and sex, 81 Occupation of longest job held, 153 Output defined, 298 C CABLE AND PAY TELEVISION SERVICES Producer Price Indexes, 371 CANADA Consumer price indexes, 476 Employment-population ratios, 480 Employment status of the working-age population, 471 Gross domestic product per capita, 478 Gross domestic product per employed person, 479 Hourly compensation costs, 475 Import price indexes, 400 Indexes of manufacturing productivity and related measures, 473 CAPITAL SERVICES Defined, 299 CARPENTERS Employment and wages by occupation, 251 CHEMICALS AND ALLIED PRODUCTS Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 181, 183 Export price indexes, 390 Import price indexes, 395 Occupational safety and health nonfatal rates, 444 Producer Price Indexes, 371 Productivity and costs, 312 CHILDREN Age employment status of women by age of children, 135 number and age of children in families, 139 Average hours per day spent caring for household children, 494 Defined, 6 Number and age of children in families, 139 Status of all women by the presence and age of children, 135 Status of women who maintain families, 137 CHILDREN UNDER 3 YEARS OLD Employment status of mothers, 88
504
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS OLD Employment status of parents, 85 CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE Age employed civilians by age, 56 employment status by, 32 participation rates, 41 Benefits, 343 Defined, 4 Employed civilians by occupation, sex, race, and Hispanic origin, 68, 69 Employment statistics, 55 Foreign labor and price statistics employment status of the working-age population, 471 Hispanic origin employed civilians by Hispanic origin, 56 employment status by, 32 occupational statistics, 68, 69 participation rates, 41 percentage increase in the labor force, 3 Participation rates, 41 Percentage increase of the civilian labor force, 3 Percent distribution of employed civilians by age, 55 Percent distribution of the labor force 25 to 64 years of age, 148 Population ratios, 65 Projections of labor force and employment sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 270 Race employed civilians by race, 56 employment status by race, 32 occupational statistics, 68, 69 participation rates, 41 percentage increase in the labor force, 3 Sex employed civilians by sex, 56 employment status by, 19, 32 occupational statistics, 68, 69 participation rates, 41 percentage increase in the labor force, 3 Unemployment rates by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin, 89, 90, 99 Unemployment rates by selected characteristics, 89, 90, 99 CIVILIAN NONINSTITUTIONAL POPULATION Age, employment status by, 11, 23 Defined, 4 Employment status, 9, 10, 11 Hispanic origin, 11, 19, 23 Marital status, employment status by, 19 Race, employment status by, 11, 19, 23 Region employment status by, 22
Sex, employment status by, 10, 11, 19, 23 States employment status by, 22 Unemployment in families, 82, 84 CLASS OF WORKER Unemployed persons by industry and class, 110, 111 CLERICAL SERVICES Consumer Price Indexes, 383 COAL MINING Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 181, 183 Producer Price Indexes, 371 COLLEGES Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 322, 339 COMMODITIES Consumer Price Indexes, 379 Export price indexes, 390 Producer Price Indexes, 369 COMMUNICATIONS Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 322 Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 181, 183 Productivity and costs average annual percent change in output per hour, 305 COMMUNITY SERVICES Employment and wages by occupation, 251 COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES Benefits collection of statistics, 357 compensation costs per hour worked, 352, 354, 355, 356 Employee Benefits Survey, 357 Employment Cost Index, 343 percent of workers participating in selected benefits, 358 Collection of statistics, 320 Concepts, 320 Definitions, 320 Employment Cost Index benefits, 343 compensation costs per hour worked, 352, 354, 355, 356 private industry workers, 322 state and local government workers, 339 unions, 343, 347 Foreign labor and price statistics hourly compensation costs, 475 Highlights, 319 Hours state and local government, 355, 356
INDEX
Local government workers Employment Cost Index, 339 Mean hourly earnings and weekly hours full-time and part-time workers, 362 metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas, 361 private industry, 360 state and local government, 360 Percent change in private industry wages, salaries, and benefits, 319 Private industry workers Employment Cost Index, 322, 343 State and local government workers costs per hour worked, 355, 356 Employment Cost Index, 339 Unions Employment Cost Index, 343, 347 COMPUTER EQUIPMENT Export Price Indexes, 390 Import Price Indexes, 395 COMPUTER SERVICES Employment and wages by occupation, 251 CONSTRUCTION OCCUPATIONS Civilians employed by, 72, 73 Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 181, 183 Employment and wages by occupation, 251 Multiple jobholders by industry of principal secondary job and sex, 81 Occupational safety and health fatal injuries, 451 nonfatal rates, 444 Occupation of longest job held, 153 Unemployed persons and rates by occupation, 108, 109 Workers defined, 179 CONSUMER EXPENDITURES Age of reference person, 415 Average annual of all consumer units, 410 Averages by age of reference person, 415 Averages by composition of consumer unit, 417 Averages by education of reference person, 425 Averages by higher income before taxes, 413 Averages by Hispanic or Latino origin of reference person, 424 Averages by housing tenure and type of area, 420 Averages by income before taxes, 412 Averages by income before taxes, 24 years and under, 426 Averages by income before taxes, 25 to 34 years, 427 Averages by income before taxes, 35 to 44 years, 428 Averages by income before taxes, 45 to 54 years, 429 Averages by income before taxes, 55 to 64 years, 430 Averages by income before taxes, 65 years and over, 431 Averages by number of earners, 418
505
Averages by occupation of reference person, 419 Averages by population size of area of residence, 422 Averages by quintiles of income before taxes, 414 Averages by race of reference person, 423 Averages by region of residence, 421 Averages by size of consumer unit, 416 Collection of data, 408 Composition of consumer unit, 417 Definitions, 408 Educational attainment averages by education of reference person, 425 Higher income before taxes, 413 Highlights, 407 Hispanic or Latino origin of reference person, 424 Housing tenure and type of area, 420 Income before taxes, 412 Midwest region, 436 Northeast region, 434 Number of earners, 418 Occupation of reference person, 419 Population size of area of residence, 422 Purpose of the Consumer Expenditure Survey, 408 Quintiles of income before taxes, 414 Race of reference person, 423 Region of residence, 421 Selected metropolitan statistical areas, 434, 435, 436, 437 Shares of average annual expenditures of all consumer units, 411 Single men by income before taxes, 432 Single women by income before taxes, 433 Size of consumer unit, 416 South region, 435 West region, 437 CONSUMER EXPENDITURE SURVEY (CEX) Purpose of the survey, 408 CONSUMER PRICE INDEXES (CPI) Clerical services, 383 Coverage of the CPI, 376 Current methodology, 376 Definitions, 376 Energy commodities, 365 Foreign countries, 476, 477 Health expenditures, 385 Periodic updating, 376 Purchasing power of the consumer dollar, 381 Regional indexes, 388 Relative importance of components in the CPI, 387 Sources of additional information, 377 Urban consumers commodity, service, and special groups, 379 major groups, 378 purchasing power of the consumer dollar, 381 selected groups, 381
506
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
U.S. city average, 378, 386 Urban wage earners, 383 CONSUMER UNITS Consumer expenditures average annual of all consumer units, 410 averages by composition of consumer unit, 417 averages by size of consumer unit, 416 shares of annual average expenditures of all consumer units, 411 Defined, 409 CONTINGENT WORKERS Collection of data, 158 Defined, 158 Employed workers by health insurance and pension plans, 163 Employed workers by occupation and industry, 161 Employed workers by selected characteristics, 160 Employed workers by work arrangements, 162 Median weekly earnings, 164 CONTRACTORS Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 181, 183 Occupational safety and health nonfatal rates, 444 COSTS Productivity and related costs see PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS COVERED WORKERS Employment and average annual pay for covered workers, 236, 237, 238 CRUDE MATERIALS Export price indexes, 390 Import price indexes, 395 D DAYS AWAY FROM WORK Occupational safety and health number of injuries and illnesses involving days away from work, 447, 449 DAYS OF IDLENESS Definitions, 456 DECLINES Industries with the largest output growth and declines, 275 DEFINITIONS Absences, 7 Aggregate economic performance, 268 American Time Use Survey (ATUS), 486 Asian race, 6 At work part-time for economic reasons, 5 At work part-time for noneconomic reasons, 5 Average hourly earnings, 179 Average hours per day, 486 Average overtime hours, 179
Average weekly earnings, 180 Average weekly hours, 179 Benefits, 320 Black race, 6 Bonuses, 320 Business Employment Dynamics (BED), 240 Business sector output, 298 Capital services, 299 Caring for and helping household members, 487 Children, 6 Civilian labor force, 4 Civilian noninstitutional population, 4 Compensation of employees, 320 Construction workers, 179 Consumer Expenditure Survey, 408 Consumer Price Index (CPI), 376 Consumer unit, 409 Contingent workers, 158 Costs per hours worked, 320 Days away from work, 442 Days of idleness, 456 Diary day, 486 Discouraged workers, 5 Duration of unemployment, 4 Earner, 409 Earnings, 7 Eating and drinking, 486 Educational activities, 487 Educational attainment, 7 Employed persons, 4 Employment by occupation, 269 Employment Cost Index (ECI), 320 Employment to population ratio, 5 Expenditures, 409 Export price indexes, 389 Extent of unemployment, 6 Family, 6 Fatal occupational injuries, 442 Final demand, 268 Final review, 269 Foreign labor and price statistics, 470 Hispanic origin, 6 Hours, 179 Household, 6 Household activities, 487 Household children, 486 Householder, 409 Implicit deflator, 298 Import price indexes, 389 Incidence, 357 Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls, 179 Indexes of hourly compensation, 298 Indexes of labor, 299 Indexes of labor input, 299
INDEX
Indexes of total compensation, 299 Indexes of unit labor, 298 Indexes of unit labor costs, 299 Industry classification, 178 Industry employment, 178 Industry hours and earnings, 178 Input-output, 269 Labor force projections, 268 Labor input, 299 Leisure, 487 Manufacturing multifactor productivity index, 299 Marital status, 6 Measures of labor input, 298 Minimum wages, 7 Multifactor productivity measures, 298 Multiple jobholders, 5 Net output values, 366 Never married, 6 Nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses, 442 Nonsupervisory workers, 179 Number of days idle, 456 Occupation, industry, and class of worker, 5 Occupational illness, 442 Occupational injury, 442 Occupational safety and health, 442 Occupational statistics, 248 Organizational, civic, and religious activities, 487 Output index, 299 Output per hour indexes, 299 Overtime hours, 179 Participation, 357 Participation rate, 5 Payroll, 179 Personal care activities, 486 Persons not in the labor force, 5 Persons with work experience, 6 Population, labor force, and employment status, 4 Primary activity, 486 Producer Price Index (PPI), 366 Production and related workers, 179 Productivity and costs, 298 Projections of labor force and employment, 268 Purchasing goods and services, 487 Racial identities, 6 Reasons for unemployment, 4 Recordable occupational injuries and illnesses, 442 Reference person, 409 Represented by unions, 456 Salaries, 320 Single, 6 Spell of unemployment, 6 Sports, 487 Spouse present, 6
507
Stoppages, 456 Telephone calls, mail, and email, 487 Tenure, 6 Total compensation costs, 320 Unemployed persons, 4 Unemployment rate, 5 Union members, 456 Usual full- or part-time status, 5 Wages, 320 White race, 6 Workers involved, 456 Year-round full-time workers, 6 DENMARK Consumer price indexes, 476 Employment-population ratios, 480 Gross domestic product per capita, 478 Gross domestic product per employed person, 479 Hourly compensation costs, 475 Indexes of manufacturing productivity and related measures, 473 DESIRE FOR WORK Persons not in the labor force employment statistics, 53 DISCOURAGED WORKERS Defined, 5 DIVORCED PERSONS Employment status, 85 DOCTORS Employment and wages by occupation, 251 DRINKING PLACES Productivity and costs average annual percent change in output per hour, 309 DURABLE GOODS Manufacturing see MANUFACTURING — DURABLE GOODS Wholesale trade see WHOLESALE TRADE — DURABLE GOODS DURATION OF UNEMPLOYMENT Defined, 4 Unemployed workers by duration of unemployment, 114 E EARNERS Consumer expenditures averages by number of earners, 418 Defined, 409 EARNINGS Aggregate weekly hours of nonfarm workers, 200, 201 Aggregate weekly hours of production workers, 202, 203
508
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Average hourly earnings by state, 229, 230 manufacturing payrolls, 208, 209 nonfarm payrolls, 206, 207 Average weekly earnings by state, 232, 233 nonfarm payrolls, 211, 212 production workers, 214, 215 Covered workers employment and average annual pay for covered workers, 236, 237, 238 Defined, 7 Distribution of employment by wage range and occupational group, 250 Education median annual earnings by educational attainment, 157 Employees on government payrolls by state, 223, 224 Employees on manufacturing payrolls by state, 220, 221 Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 181, 183 Foreign labor and price statistics hourly compensation costs, 475 Highlights, 205 Mean hourly earnings and weekly hours, 360, 361, 362 Median family income by type of family, 140 Median weekly earnings of full-time workers, 147 Minimum wage workers paid hourly rates at or below minimum wage, 129 Nonsupervisory workers average hourly earnings of workers on manufacturing payrolls, 208, 209 average hourly earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls, 206, 207 average weekly earnings, 211, 212 Number and annual earnings of job held longest, 126 Production workers average hourly earnings of workers on manufacturing payrolls, 208, 209 average hourly earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls, 206, 207 average weekly earnings, 214, 215 States employment and average annual pay for covered workers, 236 Union membership median weekly earnings of workers, 462 United States employment and average annual pay for covered workers, 237, 238 EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT American Time Use Survey (ATUS) average hours per day spent in primary activities, 489
Attainment of education defined, 7 Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 322 Consumer expenditures averages by education of reference person, 425 Earnings median annual earnings by educational attainment, 157 Employed persons 25 years and over by educational attainment, 77 Employment and wages by occupation, 251 Employment status of foreign born and native born, 145 Median annual earnings by education, 157 Occupation of longest job held, 153 Participation rates of persons 25 to 64 years of age, 150 Percent distribution of the labor force 25 to 64 years of age, 148 Unemployment rates of persons 25 to 64 years of age, 152 EDUCATION OCCUPATIONS Employment and wages by occupation, 251 Multiple jobholders by occupation, 81 ELECTRIC, GAS, AND SANITARY SERVICES Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 322 Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 181, 183 ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 181, 183 Export price indexes, 390 Import price indexes, 395 Occupational safety and health nonfatal rates, 444 Producer Price Indexes, 371 Productivity and costs, 312 EMPLOYED PERSONS Civilians by age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin, 56 Compensation of employees see COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES Defined, 4 Full- and part-time workers by age, sex, and race, 50 EMPLOYEE ASSOCIATIONS Wage and salary employees who were association members, 464 EMPLOYEE BENEFITS SURVEY Collection of data, 357 EMPLOYMENT Covered workers employment and average annual pay for covered workers, 236, 237, 238
INDEX
Definitions, 179 Distribution of employment by wage range and occupational group, 250 Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 181, 183 Employment and output by industry, 277 Employment and wages by occupation, 249, 250 Employment by occupation, 282 Occupational statistics see OCCUPATIONAL STATISTICS Private sector gross job gains and losses, 241, 242, 243 Production or nonsupervisory workers, 186, 187 Sources of additional information, 180 Women employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector, groups, and industry 184, 185 Workers on private nonfarm payrolls, 206, 207 EMPLOYMENT BY OCCUPATION Defined, 269 Distribution of employment by wage range and occupational group, 250 Generally, 282 Wages by major occupational group, 249, 250 EMPLOYMENT COST INDEX (ECI) Compensation of employees benefits, 343 compensation costs per hour worked, 352, 354, 355, 356 private industry workers, 322, 343 state and local government workers, 339 unions, 343, 347 Defined, 320 Employee Benefits Survey, 357 Regions, 347 EMPLOYMENT STATUS Agricultural labor statistics, 72, 73, 76 Children under 3 years old parental statistics, 88 Children under 18 years old parental statistics, 85 Civilian labor force employment statistics, 32, 55 percent distribution of employed civilians by age, 55 Civilian noninstitutional population employment statistics, 9 status by sex, 10, 11 Comparability of labor force levels, 7 Concepts, 4 Definitions, 4 Divorced persons, 85 Educational attainment statistics, 77 Employed full- and part-time workers by age, sex, and race statistics, 50
509
Families employment and unemployment in families by presence and relationship of employed members, 83 race and Hispanic origin, 82 unemployment by presence and relationship of employed members, 84 Flexible schedules workers by formal flextime program status, 169 workers by selected characteristics, 166 workers by sex, occupation, and industry, 167 Foreign-born civilians educational attainment, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 145 median weekly earnings, 147 occupation and sex, 146 presence and age of youngest child and sex, 143 selected characteristics, 141 Full-time workers by age, sex, and race statistics, 50 Historical comparability of statistics, 7 Industrial employment statistics, 72, 73 Long-term unemployment by industry and occupation, 115, 116 Marital status population by marital status and sex, 133 Married and ever-married women, 136 Married couples, 83, 84 Men population by marital status and sex, 133 Multiple jobholders industry of principal secondary job and sex, 81 rates of employment, 79, 80 Native-born civilians educational attainment, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 145 median weekly earnings, 147 occupation and sex, 146 presence and age of youngest child and sex, 143 selected characteristics, 141 Occupational and Industrial Classification System changes in, 8 Occupational statistics, 68, 69 Participation rate for the labor force, 5 Participation rates of persons 25 to 64 years of age, 150 Part-time workers by age, sex, and race statistics, 50 Percent distribution of the labor force 25 to 64 years of age, 148 Percent of the population with experience by sex and age, 119 Persons not in the labor force desire and availability for work, 53
510
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Population ratios, 65 Sex status by sex, 10, 11 Shifts usually worked workers by occupation and industry, 172 workers by selected characteristics, 171 Status of the population by marital status and sex, 133 Unemployed full- and part-time workers by age, sex, and race statistics, 50 Unemployed persons and rates by occupation, 108, 109 Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, 114 Unemployed persons by industry and class, 110, 111 Unemployed persons by race, Hispanic origin, sex, and age, 90 Unemployment rates by industry and class, 112, 113 Women population by marital status and sex, 133 Women and single women by presence and age of children, 135 Work experience see WORK EXPERIENCE EMPLOYMENT TO POPULATION RATIOS Defined, 5 Foreign countries, 480 ENERGY COMMODITIES Producer and Consumer Price Indexes, 365 ENGINEERS AND SERVICES Employment and wages by occupation, 251 Producer Price Indexes, 371 ENTERTAINMENT OCCUPATIONS Employment and wages by occupation, 251 EUROPEAN UNION Hourly compensation costs, 475 Import price indexes, 400 EXECUTIVE OCCUPATIONS Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 322, 339 Occupation of longest job held, 153 Percent distribution of workers age 25 to 64 by education, 155 Unemployment rates by occupation, 108, 109 EXPENDITURES Defined, 409 EXPORT PRICE INDEXES Air freight, 403 Air passenger fares, 403 Collection of data, 389 Coverage of the indexes, 389 Definitions, 389 Percent changes for selected categories, 403 Selected categories of goods, 390
EXTENT OF EMPLOYMENT Defined, 6 Number of persons with work experience during the year, 121 Percent distribution of the population with work experience, 122 EXTENT OF UNEMPLOYMENT Defined, 6 Percent distribution of unemployed persons during the year, 124 Unemployment during the year by sex, 123 EXTRACTION OCCUPATIONS Employment and wages by occupation, 251 F FABRICATED METAL PRODUCTS Productivity and costs, 312 FABRICATORS see OPERATORS, FABRICATORS, AND LABORERS FAMILIES Defined, 6 Employment and unemployment in families by race and Hispanic origin, 82 Median family income by type of family, 140 Number and age of children in families, 139 Number of families and median family income, 140 Presence and relationship of employed members, 83 Status of all women by the presence and age of children, 135 Status of ever-married women and married women, 136 Status of the population by marital status and sex, 133 Status of women who maintain families, 137 Unemployed workers presence and relationship of employed family members, 84 FARMING see AGRICULTURE FASTEST GROWING OCCUPATIONS Projections of labor force and employment, 274 FINAL DEMAND Defined, 268 FINAL REVIEW Defined, 269 FINANCE Civilians employed by, 72, 73 Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 322 Employment and wages by occupation, 251 Multiple jobholders by industry of principal secondary job and sex, 81
INDEX
Occupational safety and health nonfatal rates, 444 Occupation of longest job held, 153 Productivity and costs average annual percent change in output per hour, 305 FINLAND Hourly compensation costs, 475 FISHING see FORESTRY AND FISHING FLEXIBLE SCHEDULES Employment status workers by formal flextime program status, 169 workers by selected characteristics, 166 workers by sex, occupation, and industry, 167 FOOD AND KINDRED PRODUCTS Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 322 Consumer Price Indexes, 386 Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 181, 183 Export price indexes, 390 Import price indexes, 395 Occupational safety and health nonfatal rates, 444 Producer Price Indexes, 371 Productivity and costs, 312 FOOD SERVICES Employment and wages by occupation, 251 Productivity and costs average annual percent change in output per hour, 309 FOREIGN-BORN CIVILIANS Employment status educational attainment, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 145 median weekly earnings, 147 occupation and sex, 146 presence and age of youngest child and sex, 143 selected characteristics, 141 FOREIGN LABOR AND PRICE STATISTICS Civilian labor force employment status of the working-age population, 471 Collection of data, 470 Compensation of employees hourly compensation costs, 475 Consumer Price Indexes, 476, 477 Definitions, 470 Employment-population ratios, 480 Gross Domestic Product real GDP per capita, 478 real GDP per capita and per employed person, 481 real GDP per employed person, 479
511
Highlights, 469 Hourly compensation costs, 475 Indexes of manufacturing productivity and related measures, 473 Sources of additional information, 470 Status of the working-age population, 471 Unemployment rates, 469, 471 FORESTRY AND FISHING Employment and wages by occupation, 251 Occupational safety and health fatal injuries, 451 nonfatal rates, 444 Occupation of longest job held, 153 Percent distribution of workers age 25 to 64 by education, 155 Producer Price Indexes, 371 Unemployed persons and rates by occupation, 108, 109 FRANCE Consumer price indexes, 476 Employment-population ratios, 480 Employment status of the working-age population, 471 Gross domestic product per capita, 478 Gross domestic product per employed person, 479 Hourly compensation costs, 475 Indexes of manufacturing productivity and related measures, 473 FRUIT AND VEGETABLES Export price indexes, 390 Import price indexes, 395 FUEL OIL AND OTHER FUELS Consumer Price Indexes, 386 FULL-TIME WORKERS Absences from work, 130 Benefits percent of workers participating in selected benefits, 358 Earnings median usual weekly earnings of workers, 147 Education median annual earnings by educational attainment, 157 Employment status by age, sex, and race, 50 Jobs held the longest, 126 Mean hourly earnings and weekly hours, 362 Minimum wage workers paid hourly rates below minimum wage, 129 Number and median annual earnings of full-time workers, 125 Tenure wage and salary workers by industry, 132 wage and salary workers by sex and age, 131 Usual full-time status defined, 5
512
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
FURNITURE AND FIXTURES Consumer Price Indexes, 386 Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 181, 183 Export price indexes, 390 Import price indexes, 395 Occupational safety and health nonfatal rates, 444 Producer Price Indexes, 371 Productivity and costs, 312 G GASOLINE Consumer Price Indexes, 386 GENDER see SEX GERMANY Consumer price indexes, 476 Employment-population ratios, 480 Employment status of the working-age population, 471 Gross domestic product per capita, 478 Gross domestic product per employed person, 479 Hourly compensation costs, 475 Indexes of manufacturing productivity and related measures, 473 GERMANY, FORMER WEST Hourly compensation costs, 475 GOVERNMENT WORKERS Benefits, 343 Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 339 Employees on government payrolls by state, 223, 224 Mean hourly earnings and weekly hours, 360 Nonagricultural industries, 76 GREECE Hourly compensation costs, 475 GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (GDP) Foreign labor and price statistics real GDP per capita, 478 real GDP per capita and per employed person, 481 real GDP per employed person, 479 GROWTH Industries with the largest output growth and declines, 275 H HEALTH Occupational safety and health see OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH HEALTH CARE SUPPORT Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 322 Employment and wages by occupation, 251
Multiple jobholders by industry of principal secondary job and sex, 81 Producer Price Indexes, 371 HEALTH EXPENDITURES Consumer price indexes, 385, 386 HEALTH INSURANCE Employed workers by health insurance, 163 Employer compensation costs per hour worked, 352, 354 Medical care benefits percent of participants required to contribute, 359 percent of workers participating in benefits, 358 HIGHWAY WORKERS Employment and wages by occupation, 251 HISPANIC ORIGIN American Time Use Survey (ATUS) average hours per day spent in primary activities, 489 Civilian labor force employment status, 32 participation rates, 41 percentage increase in the labor force, 3 Civilian noninstitutional population 11, 19, 23 Consumer expenditures averages by Hispanic or Latino origin of reference person, 424 Days away from work due to injury or illness, 447 Defined, 6 Educational attainment statistics, 77 Employed civilians, 56 Employment status, 11, 19, 23, 145 Families employment and unemployment in families by race and Hispanic origin, 82 Flexible schedules workers by selected characteristics, 166 Labor management relations union membership by Hispanic origin, 458 Median weekly earnings by Hispanic origin, 164 Multiple jobholder statistics, 80 Occupational safety and health fatal injuries by Hispanic origin, 450 Occupational statistics, 68, 69 Population ratios, 65 Projections of labor force and employment civilian labor force by Hispanic origin, 270 Shifts usually worked workers by selected characteristics, 171 Unemployed persons by Hispanic origin, 90 Unemployment rates by Hispanic origin, 89, 99 HONG KONG Hourly compensation costs, 475 HOSPITALS Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 322
INDEX
Producer Price Indexes, 371 HOTELS AND MOTELS Employment and wages by occupation, 251 Producer Price Indexes, 371 HOURS Aggregate weekly hours of nonfarm workers, 200, 201 Aggregate weekly hours of production workers, 202, 203 American Time Use Survey (ATUS) average hours per day spent by population 18 years and over, 495 average hours per day spent caring for household children, 494 average hours per day spent in leisure and sports activities, 497 average hours per day spent in primary activities, 488, 489 average hours worked on weekdays and weekends, 490, 491 average hours worked per day at all jobs, 492 average hours worked per day at main job, 491, 493 Average weekly hours of nonfarm employees, 192, 193 Average weekly hours of production workers, 194, 195 Average weekly hours of production workers by state, 226, 227 Compensation of employees employer compensation costs per hour worked, 352, 354, 355, 356 state and local government workers, 355, 356 Definitions, 179 Employees on manufacturing payrolls by state, 220, 221 Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 181, 183 Mean hourly earnings and weekly hours full-time and part-time workers, 362 metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas, 361 private industry, 360 state and local government, 360 Nonsupervisory workers average weekly hours of production workers by state, 226, 227 indexes of aggregate weekly hours of nonfarm workers, 200, 201 indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production workers, 202, 203 Production workers average weekly hours of production workers by state, 226, 227 indexes of aggregate weekly hours of nonfarm workers, 200, 201 indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production workers, 202, 203 overtime hours, 197, 198
513
State and local government workers, costs per hour worked, 355, 356 HOUSEHOLD Defined, 6 HOUSEHOLDER Defined, 409 HOUSING Consumer expenditures averages by housing tenure and type of area, 420 Consumer Price Indexes, 386 I IMPLICIT DEFLATOR Defined, 298 IMPORT PRICE INDEXES Air fares, 403 Air freight, 403 Asian newly industrialized countries, 400 Canada, 400 Collection of data, 389 Coverage of the indexes, 389 Definitions, 389 European Union, 400 Industrialized countries, 400 Japan, 400 Latin America, 400 Percent changes for selected categories, 403 Selected categories of goods, 395 INCOME Consumer expenditures averages by higher income before taxes, 413 averages by income before taxes, 412 averages by quintiles of income before taxes, 414 Education median annual earnings by educational attainment, 157 Family income by type of family, 140 INDEXES OF AGGREGATE WEEKLY HOURS AND PAYROLLS Defined, 179 Workers on manufacturing payrolls, 202, 203 Workers on nonfarm payrolls, 200, 201 INDEXES OF HOURLY COMPENSATION Defined, 298 INDEXES OF LABOR Defined, 299 INDEXES OF MULTIFACTOR PRODUCTIVITY Manufacturing, 310, 312 Private business, 310 Private nonfarm business, 310 Selected years, 310 INDEXES OF OUTPUT PER HOUR Defined, 299
514
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
INDEXES OF PRODUCTIVITY AND RELATED DATA Business sector, 301 Foreign countries, 473 Manufacturing sector, 301 Nonfarm sector, 301 Nonfinancial corporations, 301 INDEXES OF TOTAL COMPENSATION Defined, 299 INDEXES OF UNIT LABOR COSTS Defined, 299 INDEX OF EMPLOYMENT COSTS Compensation of employees benefits, 343 compensation costs per hour worked, 352, 354, 355, 356 private industry workers, 322, 343 state and local government workers, 339 unions, 343, 347 INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL MACHINERY Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 181, 183 Occupational safety and health nonfatal rates, 444 Productivity and costs, 312 INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES Import price indexes, 400 INDUSTRY CLASSIFICATION Defined, 178 INDUSTRY EMPLOYMENT Defined, 178 Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 181, 183 Employment and output by industry, 277 Flexible schedules workers by formal flextime program status, 169 workers by occupation, 167 Labor statistics, 72, 73 Largest output growth and declines, 275 Multiple jobholders industry of principal secondary job and sex, 81 Occupational safety and health see OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH Shifts usually worked workers by occupation and industry, 172 Tenure of workers by industry, 132 Unemployed persons by industry and class, 110, 111 Unemployment rates by industry, 112, 113 INDUSTRY HOURS AND EARNINGS Defined, 178 INFORMATION SERVICES Employment and wages by occupation, 251
Productivity and costs average annual percent change in output per hour, 305 INPUT-OUTPUT Defined, 269 INSTALLATION OCCUPATIONS Employment and wages by occupation, 251 INSTRUMENTS AND RELATED PRODUCTS Productivity and costs, 312 INSURANCE CARRIERS Civilians employed by, 67 Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 322 Employment and wages by occupation, 251 Multiple jobholders by industry of principal secondary job and sex, 75 Occupational safety and health nonfatal rates, 444 Producer Price Indexes, 371 IRELAND Hourly compensation costs, 475 ISRAEL Hourly compensation costs, 475 ITALY Consumer price indexes, 476 Employment-population ratios, 480 Employment status of the working-age population, 471 Gross domestic product per capita, 478 Gross domestic product per employed person, 479 Hourly compensation costs, 475 Indexes of manufacturing productivity and related measures, 473 J JAPAN Consumer price indexes, 476 Employment-population ratios, 480 Employment status of the working-age population, 471 Gross domestic product per capita, 478 Gross domestic product per employed person, 479 Hourly compensation costs, 475 Import price indexes, 400 Indexes of manufacturing productivity and related measures, 473 JOB GROWTH Percentage increase of the civilian labor force, 3 Private sector job gains, 241, 242, 243 JOB LOSSES Private sector job losses, 241, 242, 243 JOB OPENINGS Projected net employment change in selected occupations, 276
INDEX
JOB STATUS Multiple jobholders, 79, 80, 81 K KOREA Employment-population ratios, 480 Gross domestic product per capita, 478 Gross domestic product per employed person, 479 Hourly compensation costs, 475 Indexes of manufacturing productivity and related measures, 473 L LABORERS see OPERATORS, FABRICATORS, AND LABORERS LABOR FORCE Agricultural labor statistics, 72, 73, 76 Civilian labor force employment statistics, 32, 55 percent distribution of employed civilians by age, 55 Civilian noninstitutional population employment status, 9 Collection of statistics, 4 Comparability of levels of labor force, 7 Concepts, 4 Definitions, 4 Educational attainment statistics, 77 Employed full- and part-time workers by age, sex, and race employment status, 50 Families children under 3 years old, 88 children under 18 years old, 85 employment and unemployment in families by race and Hispanic origin, 82 presence and relationship of employed members, 83 unemployment by presence and relationship of employed members, 84 Foreign labor and price statistics see FOREIGN LABOR AND PRICE STATISTICS Full-time workers by age, sex, and race employment status, 50 Historic comparability of statistics, 7 Industrial employment statistics, 72, 73 Jobs held the longest, 120 Long-term unemployment by industry and occupation, 115, 116 Multiple jobholders industry of principal secondary job and sex, 81 rates of employment, 79, 80 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Occupational and Industrial Classification System changes in, 8
515
Occupational statistics, 68, 69 Participation rate for the labor force, 5 Participation rates of persons 25 to 64 years of age, 150 Part-time workers by age, sex, and race employment status, 50 Percent distribution of the labor force 25 to 64 years of age, 148 Percent of the population with experience by sex and age, 119 Persons not in the labor force desire and availability for work, 53 Population ratios, 65 Unemployed full- and part-time workers by age, sex, and race employment status, 50 Unemployed persons and rates by occupation, 108, 109 Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, 114 Unemployed persons by industry and class, 110, 111 Unemployment by race, Hispanic origin, sex, and age, 90 Unemployment rates by industry and class, 112, 113 Work experience see WORK EXPERIENCE LABOR INPUT Defined, 299 LABOR MANAGEMENT RELATIONS Affiliation of employed workers by state, 465 Affiliation of wage and salary workers by occupation and industry, 460 Age union membership by age, 458 Collection of data, 456 Definitions, 456 Highlights, 455 Hispanic origin union membership by Hispanic origin, 458 Men union membership by sex, 458 Race union membership by race, 458 Sex union membership by sex, 458 Sources of additional information, 456 Union membership affiliation of wage and salary workers, 458, 460 association members among employees, 464 median weekly earnings of workers, 462 Women union membership by sex, 458 Work stoppages stoppages involving 1,000 workers or more, 457 LABOR UNIONS Affiliation of members by state, 465 Affiliation of workers, 458, 460 Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 343
516
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
median weekly earnings of workers by affiliation, 462 salaries and wages, 347 Wage and salary employees who were union members, 464 LATIN AMERICA Import price indexes, 400 LATINO ETHNICITY see HISPANIC ORIGIN LAWYERS AND LEGAL SERVICES Employment and wages by occupation, 251 Producer Price Indexes, 371 LEASING Productivity and costs average annual percent change in output per hour, 305 LEATHER AND LEATHER PRODUCTS Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 181, 183 Occupational safety and health nonfatal rates, 444 Producer Price Indexes, 371 Productivity and costs, 312 LEGAL OCCUPATIONS Employment and wages by occupation, 251 LEISURE Average hours per day spent in leisure and sports activities, 497 LIBRARY OCCUPATIONS Employment and wages by occupation, 251 LIFE INSURANCE CARRIERS Producer Price Indexes, 371 LIFE, PHYSICAL, AND SOCIAL SCIENCES Employment and wages by occupation, 72, 73, 251 LIVE ANIMALS Export price indexes, 390 Import price indexes, 395 LOCAL GOVERNMENT WORKERS Benefits, 343 Compensation of employees costs per hour worked, 355, 356 Employment Cost Index, 339 Mean hourly earnings and weekly hours, 360 LUMBER AND WOOD PRODUCTS Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 181, 183 Occupational safety and health nonfatal rates, 444 Producer Price Indexes, 371 Productivity and costs, 312 LUXEMBOURG Hourly compensation costs, 475
M MACHINE OPERATORS Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 322 Percent distribution of workers age 25 to 64 by education, 155 Unemployed persons and rates by occupation, 108, 109 MACHINERY Export price indexes, 390 Import price indexes, 395 MAINTENANCE OCCUPATIONS Employment and wages by occupation, 296 MANAGERIAL AND PROFESSIONAL SPECIALTIES Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 322, 339 Employed civilians by occupation, 72, 73 Employment and wages by occupation, 251 Occupational safety and health fatal injuries, 451 Occupation of longest job held, 153 Percent distribution of workers age 25 to 64 by education, 155 Unemployed persons and rates by occupation, 108, 109 MANUFACTURING—DURABLE GOODS Civilians employed by, 72, 73 Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 322 Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 181, 183 Export price indexes, 390 Import price indexes, 400 Indexes of multifactor productivity, 312 Multiple jobholders by industry of principal secondary job and sex, 81 Occupational safety and health nonfatal rates, 444 Producer Price Indexes, 371 Production workers payrolls by industry, 188, 189 Productivity and costs indexes of multifactor productivity, 312 MANUFACTURING—NONDURABLE GOODS Civilians employed by, 72, 73 Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 322 Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 181, 183 Import price indexes, 400 Indexes of multifactor productivity and related measures, 312
INDEX
Multiple jobholders by industry of principal secondary job and sex, 81 Occupational safety and health nonfatal rates, 444 Payrolls by industry, 190, 191 Producer Price Indexes, 371 Production workers payrolls by industry, 190, 191 Productivity and costs indexes of multifactor productivity, 312 MANUFACTURING PAYROLLS Aggregate weekly hours of workers on manufacturing payrolls, 202, 203 Aggregate weekly hours of workers on nonfarm payrolls, 200, 201 Average hourly earnings of production workers, 208, 209 Average weekly earnings of production workers, 214, 215 Average weekly hours of production workers, 194, 195 Average weekly overtime hours of production workers, 197, 198 Employees on manufacturing payrolls by state, 220, 221 Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of nonfarm payrolls, 200, 201 Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production workers, 202, 203 Overtime hours, 197, 198 Production or nonsupervisory workers on nonfarm payrolls, 186, 187 Production workers on durable goods manufacturing payrolls, 188, 189 Production workers on nondurable goods manufacturing payrolls, 190, 191 MANUFACTURING PRODUCTIVITY Foreign labor and price statistics, 473 MARITAL STATUS Civilian noninstitutional status employment status, 19 Defined, 6 Employment status population by marital status and sex, 133 Families by presence of employed members, 83, 84 Flexible schedules workers by selected characteristics, 166 Presence of children under 18 years old, 85 Shifts usually worked workers by selected characteristics, 171 Status of ever-married women and married women, 136 Status of the population by marital status, 133 Status of women who maintain families, 137 Unemployment rates by selected characteristics, 89 MARKETING MANAGERS Employment and wages by occupation, 251
517
MARRIED COUPLES Employment status, 83, 84 Families presence and relationship of employed members, 83 unemployment by presence and relationship of employed members, 84 MATHEMATICAL OPERATIONS Employment and wages by occupation, 251 MEASURES OF LABOR INPUT Defined, 298 MEAT AND MEAT PREPARATIONS Export price indexes, 390 Import price indexes, 395 MECHANICS Employment and wages by occupation, 251 Occupational safety and health fatal injuries, 451 Unemployment rates by occupation, 108, 109 MEDIA OCCUPATIONS Employment and wages by occupation, 251 MEDICAL CARE Consumer Price Indexes, 385, 386 MEDICAL CARE BENEFITS Percent of participants required to contribute, 359 MEN Consumer expenditures averages for single men by income before taxes, 432 Education median annual earnings by educational attainment, 157 Employment status population by marital status and sex, 133 Families presence and relationship of employed members, 83 unemployment by presence and relationship of employed members, 84 Labor management relations union membership by sex, 458 Occupational safety and health fatal injuries by sex, 450 Occupation of longest job held, 153 Projections of labor force and employment civilian labor force by sex, 270 Unemployment rates selected characteristics, 89, 90, 99 METAL INDUSTRIES Productivity and costs, 312 METAL MINING Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 181, 183 MEXICO Hourly compensation costs, 475 MIDWEST Consumer expenditures averages by region of residence, 421
518
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
averages by selected areas, 436 Employment Cost Index, 347 Employment status by region, 22 MILITARY Occupational safety and health fatal injuries, 451 Occupation of longest job held, 153 MINIMUM WAGE Defined, 7 Workers paid hourly rates below minimum wage, 129 MINING Civilians employed by, 72, 73 Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 181, 183 Multiple jobholders by industry of principal secondary job and sex, 81 Occupational safety and health nonfatal rates, 444 Producer Price Indexes, 371 Productivity and costs average annual percent change in output per hour, 305 MOTHERS Children under 3 years old employment status of mothers, 88 Children under 18 years old employment status of mothers, 85 Employment status of all women by presence and age of children, 135 Families see FAMILIES Number and age of children in families and status of mothers, 139 Status of ever-married women and married women, 136 MOTOR VEHICLES Consumer Price Indexes, 386 Export price indexes, 390 Import price indexes, 395 MULTIFACTOR PRODUCTIVITY MEASURES Defined, 298 MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS Defined, 5 Industry of principal secondary job and sex, 81 Rates of employment, 79, 80 N NATIONAL COMPENSATION SURVEY Mean hourly earnings and weekly hours full-time workers, 362 metropolitan areas, 361 nonmetropolitan areas, 361 part-time workers, 362 private industry, 360 state and local government, 360
NATIVE-BORN CIVILIANS Employment status educational attainment, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, 145 median weekly earnings, 147 occupation and sex, 146 presence and age of youngest child and sex, 143 selected characteristics, 141 NETHERLANDS Consumer price indexes, 476 Employment-population ratios, 480 Employment status of the working-age population, 471 Gross domestic product per capita, 478 Gross domestic product per employed person, 479 Hourly compensation costs, 475 Indexes of manufacturing productivity and related measures, 473 NET OUTPUT VALUES Defined, 366 NEW ZEALAND Hourly compensation costs, 475 NONAGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIES Classes of workers, 76 Wage and salary workers, 76 NONCONTINGENT WORKERS Employed workers by health insurance and pension plans, 163 Employed workers by occupation and industry, 161 Employed workers by selected characteristics, 160 Employed workers by work arrangements, 162 NONDURABLE GOODS Manufacturing see MANUFACTURING — NONDURABLE GOODS Wholesale trade see WHOLESALE TRADE — NONDURABLE GOODS NONFARM SECTOR Aggregate weekly hours of workers, 200, 201 Average hourly earnings, 206, 207 Average weekly earnings, 211, 212 Average weekly hours of production, 192, 193 Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 181, 183 Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state, 217 Indexes of aggregate weekly hours, 200, 201 Indexes of multifactor productivity and related measures, 310 Indexes of productivity and related data, 301 Percent change in nonfarm payroll employment, 177 Production or nonsupervisory workers, 186, 187 States employees by state, 217 Weekly hours of workers, 192, 193
INDEX
Women employees by sector, groups, and industry, 184, 185 NONSUPERVISORY WORKERS Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 322 Defined, 179 Earnings average hourly earnings of workers on manufacturing payrolls, 208, 209 average hourly earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls, 206, 207 average weekly earnings, 211, 212 Hours average weekly hours of workers, 226, 227 indexes of aggregate weekly hours of nonfarm workers, 200, 201 indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production workers, 202, 203 Workers on nonfarm payrolls by sector or industry, 186, 187 NORTH AMERICAN INDUSTRY CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM (NAICS) Changes in the occupational and industrial classification systems, 8 NORTHEAST Consumer expenditures averages by region of residence, 421 averages by selected areas, 434 Consumer Price Indexes, 388 Employment Cost Index, 347 Employment status by region, 22 NORWAY Consumer price indexes, 476 Employment-population ratios, 480 Gross domestic product per capita, 478 Gross domestic product per employed person, 479 Hourly compensation costs, 475 Indexes of manufacturing productivity and related measures, 473 NURSES Employment and wages by occupation, 251 NURSING HOMES Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 322 Producer Price Indexes, 371 O OCCUPATION, INDUSTRY, AND CLASS OF WORKER Defined, 5 OCCUPATIONAL AND INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM Changes in, 8
519
OCCUPATIONAL EMPLOYMENT STATISTICS SURVEY (OES) Collection of data, 248 Definitions, 248 Highlights, 247 OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH Administrative services and support fatal injuries, 451 Age fatal injuries by age, 450 Agriculture fatal injuries, 451 nonfatal rates, 444 Apparel products nonfatal rates, 444 Armed forces fatal injuries, 451 Chemicals and allied products nonfatal rates, 444 Collection of data, 442 Concepts, 442 Construction fatal injuries, 451 nonfatal rates, 444 Contractors nonfatal rates, 444 Days away from work number of injuries and illnesses involving days away from work, 447, 449 Definitions, 442 Electrical and electronic equipment nonfatal rates, 444 Fatal injuries and selected worker characteristics, 450 Fatal injuries by occupation, 451 Finance nonfatal rates, 444 Food and kindred products nonfatal rates, 444 Forestry and fishing fatal injuries, 451 nonfatal rates, 444 Furniture and fixtures nonfatal rates, 444 Highlights, 441 Hispanic origin fatal injuries by Hispanic origin, 450 Industrial machinery and equipment nonfatal rates, 444 Insurance carriers nonfatal rates, 444 Leather and leather products nonfatal rates, 444 Lumber and wood products nonfatal rates, 444
520
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Managerial and professional specialties fatal injuries, 451 Manufacturing—durable goods nonfatal rates, 444 Manufacturing—nondurable goods nonfatal rates, 444 Mechanics fatal injuries, 451 Men fatal injuries by sex, 450 Military fatal injuries, 451 Mining nonfatal rates, 444 Nonfatal injury and illness rates by industry, 444 Operators, fabricators, and laborers fatal injuries, 451 Petroleum and coal products nonfatal rates, 444 Precision production, craft, and repair fatal injuries, 451 Printing and publishing nonfatal rates, 444 Professional services fatal injuries, 451 Public utilities nonfatal rates, 444 Race fatal injuries by race, 450 Real estate nonfatal rates, 444 Retail trade nonfatal rates, 444 Rubber and plastic products nonfatal rates, 444 Salaried workers fatal injuries, 450 Sales occupations fatal injuries, 451 Service occupations fatal injuries, 451 nonfatal rates, 444 Sex fatal injuries by sex, 450 Sources of additional information, 443 Stone, clay, and glass products nonfatal rates, 444 Technical, sales, and administrative support fatal injuries, 451 Textile mill products nonfatal rates, 444 Tobacco products nonfatal rates, 444 Transportation nonfatal rates, 444
Transportation equipment nonfatal rates, 444 Trucking and warehousing fatal injuries, 451 Wage earners fatal injuries, 450 Wholesale trade nonfatal rates, 444 Women fatal injuries by sex, 450 OCCUPATIONAL STATISTICS Consumer expenditures averages by occupation of reference person, 388 Days away from work number of nonfatal occupational injuries or illnesses, 447, 449 Definitions, 248 Distribution of employment by wage range and occupational group, 250 Employment and wages by occupation, 249, 250 Employment by occupation, 282 Employment statistics by sex, race, and Hispanic origin, 64 Fastest-growing occupations, 274 Foreign born and native born status by occupation, 146 Jobs held the longest, 120 Number and earnings of full-time workers by occupation, 126 Projected net employment change in selected occupations, 276 Total employment by occupation, 282 Unemployment rates by occupation, 108, 109 OCEANIA Hourly compensation costs, 475 OFFICE SUPPORT OCCUPATIONS Employment and wages by occupation, 251 OIL AND GAS EXTRACTION Producer Price Indexes, 371 OPERATORS, FABRICATORS, AND LABORERS Employed civilians by occupation, 72, 73 Occupational safety and health fatal injuries, 451 Occupation of longest job held, 153 Percent distribution of workers age 25 to 64 by education, 155 Unemployed persons and rates by occupation, 108, 109 OUTPUT Employment and output by industry, 277 OUTPUT GROWTH Industries with the largest output growth, 275 OUTPUT INDEX Defined, 299 OUTPUT PER HOUR INDEXES Average annual percent change in output per hour, 305 Defined, 299
INDEX
OVERTIME HOURS Average overtime hours defined, 179 Production workers average weekly overtime hours, 197, 198 P PAPER AND ALLIED PRODUCTS Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 181, 183 Export price indexes, 390 Import price indexes, 395 Producer Price Indexes, 371 Productivity and costs, 312 PARENTS Children under 3 years old employment status of parents, 88 Children under 18 years old employment status of parents, 85 Families see FAMILIES PARTICIPATION Defined, 357 PARTICIPATION RATES Civilian labor force participation rates, 41 Defined, 5 PART-TIME WORKERS At work part-time for economic reasons defined, 5 At work part-time for noneconomic reasons defined, 6 Employment status by age, sex, and race, 50 Mean hourly earnings and weekly hours, 362 PAYROLLS Defined, 179 Employees on total nonfarm payrolls by state, 217 Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls, 179 Manufacturing payrolls see MANUFACTURING PAYROLLS Production workers on nondurable goods manufacturing payrolls, 190, 191 PENSION PLANS Employed workers by pension plans, 163 PERSONAL CARE AND SERVICES Consumer Price Indexes, 386 Employment and wages by occupation, 251 Multiple jobholders by industry of principal secondary job and sex, 78 Projections of labor force and employment, 217 PERSONNEL, TRAINING, AND LABOR RELATIONS Producer Price Indexes, 371 PERSONS NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE Defined, 5
521
PERSONS WITH WORK EXPERIENCE Defined, 6 PETROLEUM AND COAL PRODUCTS Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 181, 183 Export price indexes, 390 Import price indexes, 395 Producer Price Indexes, 371 Productivity and costs, 312 PHYSICAL SCIENTISTS Employment and wages by occupation, 251 PIPELINES Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 181, 183 Producer Price Indexes, 371 POLICE Employment and wages by occupation, 251 POPULATION, LABOR FORCE, AND EMPLOYMENT STATUS Agricultural labor statistics, 72, 73, 76 Civilian labor force employment statistics, 32, 55 percent distribution of employed civilians by age, 55 Civilian noninstitutional population employment status, 9 Collection and coverage, 4 Comparability of labor force levels, 7 Concepts, 4 Definitions, 4 Educational attainment statistics, 77 Employed full- and part-time workers by age, sex, and race employment status, 50 Families children under 3 years old, 88 children under 18 years old, 85 employment and unemployment in families by race and Hispanic origin, 82 presence and relationship of employed members, 83 status of women who maintain families, 137 unemployment by presence and relationship of employed members, 84 Full-time workers by age, sex, and race employment status, 50 Highlights, 3 Historical comparability, 7 Industrial employment statistics, 72, 73 Jobs held the longest, 120 Long-term unemployment by industry and occupation, 115, 116 Multiple jobholders industry of principal secondary job and sex, 81 rates of employment, 79, 80
522
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Occupational and Industrial Classification System changes in, 8 Occupational statistics, 68, 69 Participation rates for the labor force, 5 Part-time workers by age, sex, and race employment status, 50 Percentage increase of the civilian labor force, 3 Percent of the population with experience by sex and age, 119 Persons not in the labor force desire and availability for work, 53 Population ratios, 65 Unemployed full- and part-time workers by age, sex, and race employment status, 50 Unemployed persons and rates by occupation, 108, 109 Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, 114 Unemployed persons by industry and class, 110, 111 Unemployment by race, Hispanic origin, sex, and age, 90 Unemployment rates by industry and class, 112, 113 Unemployment rates of civilian workers, 89, 90, 99 Work experience see WORK EXPERIENCE POPULATION RATIOS Civilian labor force, 65 PORTUGAL Hourly compensation costs, 475 PRECISION PRODUCTION, CRAFT, AND REPAIR Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 322 Occupational safety and health fatal injuries, 451 Occupation of longest job held, 153 Percent distribution of workers age 25 to 64 by education, 155 Unemployed persons and rates by occupation, 108, 109 PRICES Consumer Expenditure Survey see CONSUMER EXPENDITURE SURVEY Consumer Price Indexes see CONSUMER PRICE INDEXES Export price indexes see EXPORT PRICE INDEXES Foreign labor and price statistics see FOREIGN LABOR AND PRICE STATISTICS Highlights, 365 Import price indexes see IMPORT PRICE INDEXES
Producer Price Indexes see PRODUCER PRICE INDEXES PRIMARY METAL INDUSTRIES Productivity and costs, 312 PRINTING AND PUBLISHING Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 181, 183 Occupational safety and health nonfatal rates, 444 Producer Price Indexes, 371 Productivity and costs, 312 PRIVATE BUSINESS Indexes of multifactor productivity, 310 PRIVATE HOUSEHOLD WORKERS Nonagricultural industries, 76 PRIVATE INDUSTRY WORKERS Benefits, 343 Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 322, 343 Mean hourly earnings and weekly hours, 360 PRIVATE NONFARM BUSINESS Indexes of multifactor productivity, 310 PRIVATE SECTOR Business Employment Dynamics gross job gains and losses, 241, 242, 243 Indexes of multifactor productivity, 310 PRODUCER PRICE INDEXES (PPI) Commodity groups, 369 Coverage of the PPI, 366 Definitions, 366 Energy commodities, 365 Net output of selected industries, 371 Stages of processing, 368 PRODUCTION OCCUPATIONS Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 322 Earnings aggregate weekly hours of nonfarm workers, 200, 201 aggregate weekly hours of production workers, 202, 203 average hourly earnings of workers on manufacturing payrolls, 208, 209 average hourly earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls, 206, 207 average weekly earnings by industry, 214, 215 average weekly earnings by state, 232, 233 Employment and wages by occupation, 72, 73, 251 Employment Cost Index, 322 Hours average weekly hours of production workers by state, 226, 227 indexes of aggregate weekly hours of nonfarm workers, 200, 201
INDEX
indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production workers, 202, 203 overtime hours, 197, 198 Manufacturing—durable goods payrolls by industry, 188, 189 Manufacturing—nondurable goods payrolls by industry, 190, 191 Overtime average weekly overtime hours, 197, 198 States average weekly earnings by state, 232, 233 average weekly hours of production workers by state, 226, 227 Workers on nonfarm payrolls by sector or industry, 186, 187 PRODUCTIVITY AND COSTS Apparel and related products, 312 Average annual percent change in output per hour, 305 Chemical and allied products, 312 Communications average annual percent change in output per hour, 305 Concepts, 298 Definitions, 298 Drinking places average annual percent change in output per hour, 309 Electrical and electronic equipment, 312 Fabricated metal products, 312 Finance average annual percent change in output per hour, 305 Food and kindred products, 312 Food services average annual percent change in output per hour, 309 Furniture and fixtures, 312 Highlights, 297 Indexes of multifactor productivity and related measures manufacturing industries, 312 selected years, 310 Indexes of productivity and related data, 301 Industrial equipment and machinery, 312 Instruments and related products, 312 Leasing average annual percent change in output per hour, 305 Leather and leather products, 312 Lumber and wood products, 312 Manufacturing average annual percent change in output per hour, 305 indexes of multifactor productivity, 310, 312 Metal industries, 312 Mining average annual percent change in output per hour, 305 Nondurable goods, 312 Output per hour and related series in selected industries, 305
523
Paper and allied products, 312 Petroleum and coal products, 312 Primary metal industries, 312 Printing and publishing, 312 Real estate average annual percent change in output per hour, 305 Rental services average annual percent change in output per hour, 305 Retail trade average annual percent change in output per hour, 309 Rubber and plastic products, 312 Service occupations average annual percent change in output per hour, 305 Sources of additional information, 300 Stone, clay, and glass products, 312 Textile mill products, 312 Transportation average annual percent change in output per hour, 305 Transportation equipment, 312 Utilities Average annual percent change in output per hour, 305 Wholesale trade average annual percent change in output per hour, 309 PROFESSIONAL SERVICES Civilians employed by, 72, 73 Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 322, 339 Employed civilians by occupation, 72, 73 Occupational safety and health fatal injuries, 451 Occupation of longest job held, 153 Percent distribution of workers age 25 to 64 by education, 155 Unemployment rates by occupation, 108, 109 PROJECTIONS OF LABOR FORCE AND EMPLOYMENT Age civilian labor force by age, 270 Civilian labor force sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 270 Concepts, 268 Definitions, 268 Employment and output by industry, 277 Employment by occupation, 282 Fastest-growing occupations, 274 Highlights, 267 Hispanic origin civilian labor force by Hispanic origin, 270 Industries with the largest output growth and declines, 275 Men civilian labor force by sex, 270 Net employment change in selected occupations, 276 Percentage of employees and projected net employment change, 276
524
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
Projected net employment change in selected occupations, 276 Race civilian labor force by race, 270 Sex civilian labor force by sex, 270 Total employment by occupation and projections, 282 Women civilian labor force by sex, 270 PROPERTY AND CASUALTY INSURANCE Producer Price Indexes, 371 PROTECTIVE SERVICE OCCUPATIONS Employment and wages by occupation, 251 Unemployment rates by occupation, 108, 109 PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Civilians employed by, 72, 73 Compensation of state and local government workers employment cost index, 339 Multiple jobholders by industry of principal secondary job and sex, 81 PUBLIC RELATIONS MANAGERS Employment and wages by occupation, 251 PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION Consumer Price Indexes, 386 PUBLIC UTILITIES Civilians employed by, 72, 73 Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 322 Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 181, 183 Multiple jobholders by industry of principal secondary job and sex, 81 Occupational safety and health nonfatal rates, 444 Producer Price Indexes, 371 Productivity and costs average annual percent change in output per hour, 305 PURCHASING POWER Consumer dollar, 381 Q QUINTILES OF INCOME Consumer expenditures averages by quintiles of income before taxes, 414 R RACE American Time Use Survey (ATUS) average hours per day spent in primary activities, 489 Civilian labor force employment status by race, 32 participation rates, 41 percentage increase in the labor force, 3
Civilian noninstitutional population employment status by race, 11, 19, 23 Consumer expenditures averages by race of reference person, 423 Days away from work due to injury or illness, 447 Defined, 6 Educational attainment statistics, 77 Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers employment status by race, 50 Employed civilians, 56 Employment status of foreign born and native born, 145 Families employment and unemployment in families by race and Hispanic origin, 82 Flexible schedules workers by selected characteristics, 166 Labor management relations union membership by race, 458 Median weekly earnings by race, 164 Multiple jobholder statistics, 79, 80 Number and median annual earnings of full-time workers, 125 Occupational safety and health fatal injuries by race, 450 Occupational statistics, 68, 69 Participation rates of persons 25 to 64 years of age, 150 Percent distribution of the labor force 25 to 64 years of age, 148 Population ratios, 65 Projections of labor force and employment civilian labor force by race, 270 Shifts usually worked workers by selected characteristics, 171 Unemployed persons by race, 90 Unemployment rates by race, 89, 99 Unemployment rates of persons 25 to 64 years of age, 152 RAILROADS Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 181, 183 Producer Price Indexes, 371 REAL ESTATE Civilians employed by, 72, 73 Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 322 Occupational safety and health nonfatal rates, 444 Producer Price Indexes, 371 Productivity and costs average annual percent change in output per hour, 305 REASONS FOR UNEMPLOYMENT Defined, 4
INDEX
Unemployed persons and rates by reason of unemployment, 117 RECORDABLE OCCUPATIONAL INJURIES AND ILLNESSES Defined, 442 RECREATION AND SERVICES Consumer Price Indexes, 386 REFERENCE PERSONS Consumer expenditures averages by age of reference person, 415 averages by occupation of reference person, 419 Defined, 409 REGIONS Civilian noninstitutional population employment status by, 22 Consumer expenditures averages by region of residence, 421 Midwest region, 436 Northeast region, 434 South region, 435 West region, 437 Consumer Price Indexes indexes by region, 388 Employment Cost Index, 347 RENTAL SERVICES Productivity and costs average annual percent change in output per hour, 305 REPAIR OCCUPATIONS Employment and wages by occupation, 251 RETAIL TRADE Civilians employed by, 72, 73 Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 322 Multiple jobholders by industry of principal secondary job and sex, 81 Occupational safety and health nonfatal rates, 444 Productivity and costs average annual percent change in output per hour, 309 ROOFERS Employment and wages by occupation, 251 RUBBER AND PLASTIC PRODUCTS Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 181, 183 Export price indexes, 390 Import price indexes, 395 Occupational safety and health nonfatal rates, 444 Producer Price Indexes, 371 Productivity and costs, 312
525
S SAFETY AND HEALTH see OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH SALARIED WORKERS Absences from work, 130 Affiliation of salary workers by occupation and industry, 460 Agriculture, 76 Compensation of employees compensation costs per hour worked, 352, 354 Employment Cost Index, 322 Covered workers employment and average annual pay for covered workers, 236, 237, 238 Defined, 320 Education median annual earnings by educational attainment, 157 Jobs held the longest, 126 Median annual earnings by education, 157 Median weekly earnings, 147 Minimum wage workers paid hourly rates below minimum wage, 129 Nonagricultural industries, 76 Number and median annual earnings of full-time workers, 125 Occupational safety and health fatal injuries, 450 Percent change in salaries, 319 State and local government workers total compensation and wages, 339 Tenure of workers by age and sex, 131 Tenure of workers by industry, 132 Union workers, 347 SALES OCCUPATIONS Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 322 Employed civilians by occupation, 72, 73 Employment and wages by occupation, 251 Occupational safety and health fatal injuries, 451 Occupation of longest job held, 153 Percent distribution of workers age 25 to 64 by education, 155 Unemployed persons and rates by occupation, 108, 109 SCIENCES Employment and wages by occupation, 251 SEAFOOD Export price indexes, 390 Import price indexes, 395
526
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
SECRETARIES Consumer Price Indexes, 383 Employment and wages by occupation, 251 SELF-EMPLOYED WORKERS Agriculture, 76 Nonagricultural industries, 76 SERVICE OCCUPATIONS Benefits, 343 Civilians employed by, 67 Compensation of employees benefits, 343 Employment Cost Index, 322, 339 Employed civilians by occupation, 72, 73 Employment Cost Index, 322 Multiple jobholders by industry of principal secondary job and sex, 75 Occupational safety and health fatal injuries, 451 nonfatal rates, 444 Occupation of longest job held, 153 Percent distribution of workers age 25 to 64 by education, 155 Producer Price Indexes, 371 Productivity and costs average annual percent change in output per hour, 305 Unemployed persons and rates by occupation, 108, 109 SERVICES—NONPRIVATE HOUSEHOLD Civilians employed by, 72, 73 Multiple jobholders by industry of principal secondary job and sex, 81 Percent distribution of workers age 25 to 64 by education, 155 SERVICES—PRIVATE HOUSEHOLD Occupation of longest job held, 153 Percent distribution of workers age 25 to 64 by education, 155 Unemployed persons and rates by occupation, 108, 109 SERVICES—PROFESSIONAL Civilians employed by, 72, 73 Multiple jobholders by industry of principal secondary job and sex, 81 Unemployed persons and rates by occupation, 108, 109 SEX Absences from work by sex, 130 American Time Use Survey (ATUS) average hours per day spent in primary activities, 489 Civilian labor force employment status by sex, 19, 32 participation rates, 41 percentage increase in the labor force, 3 Civilian noninstitutional population employment status by sex, 10, 11, 19, 23
Days away from work number of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses, 447 Earnings median annual earnings by educational attainment, 157 Educational attainment statistics, 77 Employed and unemployed full- and part-time workers employment status by sex, 50 Employed civilians, 56 Extent of unemployment during the year by sex, 123 Flexible schedules workers by sex, 167 Foreign-born and native born status by sex, 146 Jobs held the longest by sex, 126 Labor management relations union membership by sex, 458 Median weekly earnings by sex, 164 Multiple jobholders by industry of principal secondary job and sex, 81 Multiple jobholder statistics, 79, 80 Number and median annual earnings of full-time workers, 125 Number of persons with experience by sex and extent of employment, 121 Occupational safety and health fatal injuries by sex, 450 Occupational statistics, 68, 69 Occupation of longest job held, 153 Participation rates of persons 25 to 64 years of age, 150 Percent distribution of the labor force 25 to 64 years of age, 148 Percent distribution of workers age 25 to 64 by education, 155 Percent of persons with experience by sex, 119 Percent of persons with unemployment during the year by sex, 124 Percent of population with experience by sex and extent of employment, 122 Persons not in the labor force, 53 Population ratios, 65 Projections of labor force and employment civilian labor force by sex, 270 Shifts usually worked workers by selected characteristics, 171 Status of the population by sex, 133 Tenure of full-time workers by sex, 131 Unemployed persons by sex, 90, 117 Unemployment rates by selected characteristics, 89, 99 Unemployment rates of persons 25 to 64 years of age, 152 SHIFTS USUALLY WORKED Employment status workers by occupation and industry, 172
INDEX
workers by selected characteristics, 171 SINGAPORE Hourly compensation costs, 475 SOCIAL SERVICES Employment and wages by occupation, 251 Multiple jobholders by industry of principal secondary job and sex, 81 SOUTH Consumer expenditures averages by region of residence, 421 averages by selected areas, 435 Consumer Price Indexes, 388 Employment Cost Index, 347 Employment status by region, 22 SPAIN Consumer price indexes, 476 Hourly compensation costs, 475 SPELL OF UNEMPLOYMENT Defined, 6 SPORTS Average hours per day spent in leisure and sports activities, 497 Employment and wages by occupation, 227 SRI LANKA Hourly compensation costs, 475 STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT WORKERS Benefits, 343 Compensation of employees costs per hour worked, 355, 356 Employment Cost Index, 339 total compensation and wages, 339 Mean hourly earnings and weekly hours, 360 STATES Average hourly earnings of production workers by state, 229, 230 Average weekly earnings of production workers by state, 232, 233 Average weekly hours of production workers by state, 226, 227 Civilian noninstitutional population employment status by, 22 Covered workers employment and average annual pay for covered workers, 236 Earnings employment and average annual pay for covered workers, 236 Employees on government payrolls by state, 223, 224 Employees on manufacturing payrolls by state, 220, 221 Employees on nonfarm payrolls by state, 217 Employment status by state, 22 Union membership affiliation of employed workers by state, 465
527
STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS PRODUCTS Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 181, 183 Occupational safety and health nonfatal rates, 444 Producer Price Indexes, 371 Productivity and costs, 312 STOPPAGES Definitions, 456 Work stoppages involving 1,000 workers or more, 457 SURVEYORS AND SERVICES Producer Price Indexes, 371 SWEDEN Consumer price indexes, 476 Employment-population ratios, 480 Employment status of the working-age population, 471 Gross domestic product per capita, 478 Gross domestic product per employed person, 479 Hourly compensation costs, 475 Indexes of manufacturing productivity and related measures, 473 SWITZERLAND Consumer price indexes, 476 Hourly compensation costs, 475 T TAIWAN Hourly compensation costs, 475 Indexes of manufacturing productivity and related measures, 473 TEACHERS, LIBRARIANS, AND COUNSELORS Employment and wages by occupation, 251 TECHNICAL, SALES, AND ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 322 Employed civilians by occupation, 72, 73 Occupation of longest job held, 153 Occupational safety and health fatal injuries, 451 Percent distribution of workers age 25 to 64 by education, 155 Unemployed persons and rates by occupation, 108, 109 TECHNICAL OCCUPATIONS Employment and wages by occupation, 72, 73, 251 TELEPHONE SERVICE AND EQUIPMENT Consumer Price Indexes, 386 Export price indexes, 390 Import price indexes, 395 TENURE Defined, 6 Full-time workers wage and salary workers by industry, 132
528
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
wage and salary workers by sex and age, 131 TEXTILE MILL PRODUCTS Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 181, 183 Occupational safety and health nonfatal rates, 444 Producer Price Indexes, 371 Productivity and costs, 312 TIME USE SURVEY see AMERICAN TIME USE SURVEY (ATUS) TOBACCO PRODUCTS Consumer Price Indexes, 386 Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 181, 183 Export price indexes, 390 Import price indexes, 395 Occupational safety and health nonfatal rates, 444 Producer Price Indexes, 371 TOTAL COMPENSATION COSTS Defined, 320 TOTAL EMPLOYMENT BY OCCUPATION Employment by occupation and projections, 282 TRADITIONAL WORK ARRANGEMENTS Employed workers by health insurance and pension plans, 163 Employed workers by work arrangements, 162 TRAINING Employment and wages by occupation, 251 TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT Consumer Price Indexes, 386 Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 181, 183 Export price indexes, 390 Import price indexes, 395 Occupational safety and health nonfatal rates, 444 Producer Price Indexes, 371 Productivity and costs, 312 TRANSPORTATION OCCUPATIONS Civilians employed by, 72, 73 Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 322 Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 181, 183 Employment and wages by occupation, 251 Multiple jobholders by industry of principal secondary job and sex, 81 Occupational safety and health nonfatal rates, 444 Productivity and costs average annual percent change in output per hour, 305 Unemployed persons and rates by occupation, 108, 109
TRUCKING AND WAREHOUSING Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 181, 183 Occupational safety and health fatal injuries, 451 U UNEMPLOYED WORKERS Age status by age, 50 unemployed persons by age, 90, 117 Civilian noninstitutional population, 82, 84 Defined, 4 Duration unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, 114 Employment status by age, sex, and race, 50 Extent of unemployment during the year by sex, 123 Families employment and unemployment in families by race and Hispanic origin, 82 presence and relationship of employed family members, 84 Hispanic origin unemployed persons by Hispanic origin, 90 Long-term unemployment by industry and occupation, 115, 116 Married couples, 84 Percent of persons with unemployment during the year by sex, 124 Race status by race, 50 unemployed persons by race, 90 Reason for unemployment unemployed persons by reason for unemployment, 117 Sex status by sex, 50 unemployed persons by sex, 90, 117 Unemployed persons and rates by occupation, 108, 109 Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment, 114 Unemployed persons by industry and class, 110, 111 UNEMPLOYMENT RATES Age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin, unemployment rates of civilian workers, 89, 99 Defined, 5 Educational attainment unemployment rates of persons 25 to 64 years of age, 152 Foreign labor and price statistics, 469, 471 Highlights, 87 Long-term unemployment by industry and occupation, 115, 116 Reason for unemployment unemployment rates by reason of unemployment, 117
INDEX
Selected characteristics, 89, 90, 99 Unemployed persons and rates by occupation, 108, 109 Unemployment rates by industry and class, 112, 113 UNIONS Affiliation of members by state, 465 Affiliation of workers, 458, 460 Compensation of employees benefits, 343, 347 Employment Cost Index, 343, 347 median weekly earnings of workers by affiliation, 462 Definitions, 456 Earnings median weekly earnings of workers, 381 Labor management relations see LABOR MANAGEMENT RELATIONS States affiliation of employed workers by state, 384 Wage and salary employees who were union members, 464 UNITED KINGDOM Consumer price indexes, 476 Employment-population ratios, 480 Employment status of the working-age population, 471 Gross domestic product per capita, 478 Gross domestic product per employed person, 479 Hourly compensation costs, 475 Indexes of manufacturing productivity and related measures, 473 UNITED STATES Consumer price indexes, 476 Covered workers employment and average annual pay for covered workers, 237, 238 Employment-population ratios, 480 Employment status of the working-age population, 471 Gross domestic product per capita, 478 Gross domestic product per employed person, 479 Hourly compensation costs, 475 Indexes of manufacturing productivity and related measures, 473 UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE Producer Price Indexes, 371 UNIT LABOR COSTS Defined, 298 UNIVERSITIES Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 322, 339 UNPAID FAMILY WORKERS Agriculture, 76 Nonagricultural industries, 76 URBAN CONSUMERS Consumer Price Indexes commodity, service, and special groups, 379 major groups, 378
529
purchasing power of the consumer dollar, 381 selected groups, 381 U.S. city average, 386 URBAN WAGE EARNERS Consumer Price Indexes, 383 USUAL FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS Defined, 5 UTILITIES see PUBLIC UTILITIES W WAGE EARNERS Absences from work, 130 Affiliation of wage workers by occupation and industry, 460 Agriculture, 76 Compensation of employees see COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES Jobs held the longest, 126 Minimum wage workers paid hourly rates below minimum wage, 129 Nonagricultural industries, 76 Number and median annual earnings of full-time workers, 125 Occupational safety and health fatal injuries, 450 Tenure of workers by age and sex, 131 Tenure of workers by industry, 132 WAGES Compensation of employees compensation costs per hour worked, 352, 354 Employment Cost Index, 322 Covered workers employment and average annual pay for covered workers, 236, 237, 238 Definitions, 320 Distribution of employment by wage range and occupational group, 250 Education median annual earnings by educational attainment, 157 Employment and wages by occupation, 249, 250 Median annual earnings by education, 157 Nonfarm workers average weekly earnings, 211, 212 Percent change in wages, 319 Production workers average hourly earnings of workers on manufacturing payrolls, 208, 209 average hourly earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls, 206, 207 average weekly earnings, 214, 215 State and local government workers total compensation and wages, 339 Unions, 347
530
HANDBOOK OF U.S. LABOR STATISTICS (BERNAN PRESS)
WAREHOUSING Employment and wages by occupation, 251 Productivity and costs average annual percent change in output per hour, 305 WATER TRANSPORTATION Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 181, 183 Producer Price Indexes, 371 WEST Consumer expenditures averages by region of residence, 421 averages by selected areas, 437 Consumer Price Indexes, 388 Employment Cost Index, 347 Employment status by region, 22 WHITE COLLAR WORKERS Benefits, 343 Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 322, 339 WHITE RACE Defined, 6 WHOLESALE TRADE Civilians employed by, 72, 73 Compensation of employees Employment Cost Index, 322 Multiple jobholders by industry of principal secondary job and sex, 81 Occupational safety and health nonfatal rates, 444 Productivity and costs average annual percent change in output per hour, 309 WHOLESALE TRADE—DURABLE GOODS Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 181, 183 Production workers on durable goods manufacturing payrolls, 188, 189 WHOLESALE TRADE—NONDURABLE GOODS Employees on nonfarm payrolls by sector and groups, 181, 183 WOMEN Consumer expenditures averages for single women by income before taxes, 433
Education median annual earnings by educational attainment, 157 Employment status population by marital status and sex, 133 Families presence and relationship of employed members, 83 status of women who maintain families, 137 unemployment by presence and relationship of employed members, 84 Labor management relations union membership by sex, 458 Nonfarm payrolls employees by industry sector, groups, and industry, 184, 185 Occupational safety and health fatal injuries by sex, 450 Occupation of longest job held, 153 Projections of labor force and employment civilian labor force by sex, 270 Status of all women by presence and age of children, 135 Status of ever-married women and married women, 136 Unemployment rates by selected characteristics, 89, 90, 99 WORK EXPERIENCE Extent of unemployment during the year by sex, 123 Industry and class of worker of job held the longest, 120 Jobs held the longest, 126 Number of persons with experience by sex and extent of employment, 121 Percent of persons with experience by sex and age, 119 Percent of population with experience by sex and extent of employment, 122 WORK STOPPAGES Definitions, 456 Labor management relations stoppages involving 1,000 workers or more, 457 Y YEAR-ROUND FULL-TIME WORKERS Defined, 6
